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Sample records for conveniently prepared tc-99m

  1. An expedient method for the preparation of 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 using microwave and teflon 'bomb'

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Varelis, P.; Poot, M.T.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: The recommended method for the preparation of 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 requires that they be heated in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes, after reconstitution with sodium pertechnetate. This method is both inconvenient and time consuming. A more rapid and convenient method for the preparation of these radiopharmaceuticals employs a conventional microwave oven. However, a serious limitation of this method is the hazard associated with an explosion of a vessel containing a radioactive substance. Traditionally, mixtures that can potentially explode are contained in a device called a 'bomb'. We have developed a method, utilising such a device, that allows us to rapidly and safely prepare 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 using a microwave oven. This device is used in our department on a daily basis. Since using the teflon bomb, there has been one incidence of an explosion, which was successfully contained within the bomb. There was no statistically significant difference between the radiochemical purity (RCP) of the microwave prepared samples and those obtained using the recommended method. In conclusion, 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 can be safely prepared and quality controlled in under ten minutes using a microwave oven and our teflon bomb. The average RCP for 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 prepared using a microwave oven were 97.0+2.0% (n=19) and 99.8+0.2 (n=7) respectively

  2. An expedient method for the preparation of 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 using microwave and teflon `bomb`

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Varelis, P.; Poot, M.T. [St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW (Australia). Department of Nuclear Medicine

    1998-06-01

    Full text: The recommended method for the preparation of 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 requires that they be heated in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes, after reconstitution with sodium pertechnetate. This method is both inconvenient and time consuming. A more rapid and convenient method for the preparation of these radiopharmaceuticals employs a conventional microwave oven. However, a serious limitation of this method is the hazard associated with an explosion of a vessel containing a radioactive substance. Traditionally, mixtures that can potentially explode are contained in a device called a `bomb`. We have developed a method, utilising such a device, that allows us to rapidly and safely prepare 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 using a microwave oven. This device is used in our department on a daily basis. Since using the teflon bomb, there has been one incidence of an explosion, which was successfully contained within the bomb. There was no statistically significant difference between the radiochemical purity (RCP) of the microwave prepared samples and those obtained using the recommended method. In conclusion, 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 can be safely prepared and quality controlled in under ten minutes using a microwave oven and our teflon bomb. The average RCP for 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-MAG3 prepared using a microwave oven were 97.0+2.0% (n=19) and 99.8+0.2 (n=7) respectively

  3. Comparison of carrier-added [99mTc] EDTMP and carrier-free preparations of [99mTc] EDTMP and [99mTc] DPD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krcal, A.; Kletter, K.; Dudczak, R.; Pirich, C.; Mitterhauser, M.

    2002-01-01

    Full text: High uptake of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in malignant bone lesions is a prerequisite for adequate bone scanning. Visual image analysis is impaired due to high soft-tissue activity with currently available [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP-kits. This study aimed to compare carrier-added [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP with carrier-free [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP and [ 99m Tc]-DPD preparations in clinical routine. 15 μg and 150 μg perrhenic acid respectively were added to [ 99m Tc]-pertechnetate (>6 GBq in 3 ml phys. saline). The solution was then transferred into a vial, containing 1 mg of EDTMP, 3.6 mg stannous(II)chloride and 10 mg ascorbic acid under inert conditions. Under vigorous stirring the reaction mixture was heated to 45 o C for 10 min. After cooling down to room temperature the labelling mixture was sterile filtrated (millipore 0.22 μm). Quality control was performed using radio-ITLC (Whatman SG; acetone or ethanol: R f perrhenate/pertechnetate 0.87, colloid/product 0.05; phys. saline: R f colloid 0.00, perrhenate/pertechnetate and product 0.9) allowing rapid and efficient assessment of the product. Carrier free [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP and [ 99m Tc]-DPD were prepared according to instructions of the manufacturer. Clinical studies were performed in 29 patients according to a routine bone scanning protocol by injecting 700-800 MBq of the respective tracer and whole body imaging 3 h thereafter. Radiochemical purity and radiochemical yield relied on various parameters such as concentration of carrier and reducing agent and reaction conditions (pH, reaction time, temperature). Means of the labelling yield were 22 % for the preparation using 150 μg of carrier (5 preparations), 80 % for the preparation using 15 μpg of carrier (10 preparations) and 91 % for the carrier free products (5 preparations). Radiochemical purity was >96 % in all experiments. Colloid was formed in very low amounts, and was completely removed by sterile filtration. In clinical studies quantitative analysis

  4. Preparation and biological profile of 99mTc-lidocaine as a cardioselective imaging agent using 99mTc eluted from 99Mo/99mTc generator based on Al-Mo gel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakr, T.M.; October University of Modern Sciences and Arts; Ibrahim, A.B.; Rashed, H.M.; Fasih, T.W.

    2017-01-01

    The current study is aimed to prepare 99m Tc-lidocaine as a new myocardial perfusion-imaging agent. The used 99m Tc was obtained from Al- 99 Mo-molybdate(VI) gel matrix. 99m Tc-lidocaine showed higher (15.4 ± 0.11% ID/g) and faster (15 min post injection) cardiac uptake than the recently studied 99m Tc-valsartan and 99m Tc-procainamide. Consequently, 99m Tc-lidocaine will be a valuable myocardial SPECT agent for diagnosis of emergency patients. Besides, the receptor affinity study confirmed the selectivity of 99m Tc-lidocaine for sodium channels in the heart. (author)

  5. Rapid radiochemical methods for preparation of sup(99m)Tc labelled compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Narasimhan, D.V.S.; Banodkar, S.M.; Kothari, K.; Mani, R.S.

    1981-01-01

    Several inorganic and organic compounds incorporating sup( 99 m)Tc are being extensively used for imaging various body organs. The preparation of these sup( 99 m)Tc compounds with the necessary purity requirements is carried out by controlled reduction of sup( 99 m)Tc-pertechnetate using Sn(II) ions as the reducing agent followed by complexation with various active ingredients. The authors here present procedures developed at Radiopharmaceuticals Section of BARC for preparing sup( 99 m)Tc-diphosphonate, sup( 99 m)Tc-glucoheptonate, sup( 99 m)Tc-albumin microspheres and sup( 99 m)Tc-phytate with high radiochemical purity. The paper also describes procedures for the preparation of freeze-dried kits for single step preparation of these compounds. The paper also describes the authors' experience with various analytical procedures for the determination of radiochemical purity of these preparations. (author)

  6. Clinical estimation of sup(99m)Tc-labeled compounds produced by electrolysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watanabe, Katsuji; Kawahira, Kenjiro; Kamoi, Itsuma; Morita, Kazunori

    1974-01-01

    Scintigrams were made using sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid, sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate, sup(99m)Tc-EDTA and sup(99m)Tc-albumin prepared by electrolysis, and a clinical evaluation was attempted. No side effects were recognized in 228 cases, therefore the object of this study could be attained. Future study was thought to be necessary because the pictures were somewhat indistinct. However, each sup(99m)Tc-labeled compound could be prepared very easily and was extremely convenient for daily use. sup(99m)Tc- is a nuclide which has many advantages for use with scintigrams. More useful sup(99m)Tc-labeled compounds will be explored in the future and is expected that electrolysis has many possibilities for use in the preparation of sup(99m)Tc-labeled compounds. (Tsunoda, M.)

  7. Preparation of 99 sup(m)Tc labeled fibrinogen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Almeida, M.A.T.M. de; Silva, C.P.G. da.

    1984-01-01

    A simple method for the preparation of 99 sup(m) TC labelled Fibrinogen using stannous chloride as reducing agent of 99 sup(m) TcO- 4 ion is presented. A sample of 20 mg of Fibrinogen is dissolved in 2 ml of buffer carbonate (pH=8) and 0.3 ml stannous chloride 0.2% is added. A sterile solution of sodium pertechnetate 99 sup(m) Tc eluted from a Mo-Tc generator is immediately added. The mixture rests for 30 minutes and after this period, the obtained yield is about 70%. The lyophilized kits also presented a yield of 70%, being therefore suitable for medical applications. (Author) [pt

  8. Preparation of 99mTc-thiourea complex as a precursor for Tc(III) labeled compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rey, A.; Teran, M.; Molina, S.; Leon, A.; Kremer, C.; Gambino, D.; Kremer, E.

    1996-01-01

    Ligand exchange is one of the possible synthetic routes to obtain 99m Tc coordination compounds. However, the success of this route depends on the availability of good precursors. The objective of this work is the preparation of the complex [ 99m Tc (tu) 6 ] 3+ (tu = thiourea), as a potential precursor for 99m Tc(III) coordination compounds. The preparation was successfully performed in acidic conditions, the excess of tu serving as reducing agent. At pH values higher than 3, the compound becomes unstable and on addition of polydentate ligands new Tc(III) complexes are formed. With edta, the complex 99m Tc(III)-edta was obtained in high yield. (author). 13 refs., 3 tabs

  9. Preparation and control of ) 7sup(99m)Tc-Sn{tetracycline antibiotics. )

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Machan, V.; Kalincak, M.; Barna, K.

    1976-01-01

    A simple method for the preparation of ) 7sup(99m)Tc-Sn{-tetracycline, 7sup(99m)Tc-Sn{-oxytetracycline and 7sup(99m)Tc-Sn{-rolitetracycline for routine applications in nuclear medicine is described. Attention is paid to the quality control of these preparations. Paper chromatography in absolute acetone and 85% methanol is compared with gel chromatography on Sephadex G-10. The radiochemical stability of the preparations was observed for a period of up to 24 hours after preparation under various storage conditions. (author). )

  10. In-house cyclotron production of high-purity Tc-99m and Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martini, Petra; Boschi, Alessandra; Cicoria, Gianfranco; Zagni, Federico; Corazza, Andrea; Uccelli, Licia; Pasquali, Micòl; Pupillo, Gaia; Marengo, Mario; Loriggiola, Massimo; Skliarova, Hanna; Mou, Liliana; Cisternino, Sara; Carturan, Sara; Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Uzunov, Nikolay M; Bello, Michele; Alvarez, Carlos Rossi; Esposito, Juan; Duatti, Adriano

    2018-05-30

    In the last years, the technology for producing the important medical radionuclide technetium-99m by cyclotrons has become sufficiently mature to justify its introduction as an alternative source of the starting precursor [ 99m Tc][TcO 4 ] - ubiquitously employed for the production of 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals in hospitals. These technologies make use almost exclusively of the nuclear reaction 100 Mo(p,2n) 99m Tc that allows direct production of Tc-99m. In this study, it is conjectured that this alternative production route will not replace the current supply chain based on the distribution of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators, but could become a convenient emergency source of Tc-99m only for in-house hospitals equipped with a conventional, low-energy, medical cyclotron. On this ground, an outline of the essential steps that should be implemented for setting up a hospital radiopharmacy aimed at the occasional production of Tc-99m by a small cyclotron is discussed. These include (1) target production, (2) irradiation conditions, (3) separation/purification procedures, (4) terminal sterilization, (5) quality control, and (6) Mo-100 recovery. To address these issues, a comprehensive technology for cyclotron-production of Tc-99m, developed at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), will be used as a reference example. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. {sup 99m}Tc generator preparation using (n, {gamma}){sup 99}Mo produced ex-natural molybdenum

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Le, So Van [Nuclear Research Institute, Dalat (Viet Nam)

    2003-03-01

    Theoretical assessment on the chromatographic {sup 99m}Tc generator preparation using (n, {gamma}) {sup 99}Mo produced ex-natural molybdenum was carried out. The relationship between the neutron flux for MoO{sub 3} target activation, Mo-content or Mo adsorption capacity of column packing material, {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate concentration and/or {sup 99m}Tc radioactivity of eluate was established. The reasonably lower limit of neutron flux of reactor and Molybdenum content of column packing material were found out to estimate the production of portable chromatographic generators available for nuclear medicine application. The concentration of {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate eluate of low {sup 99m}Tc concentration using the column elution technique was also evaluate theoretically and conducted successfully in practice. Three options of {sup 99m}Tc generator using Titanium-Molybdate, Zirconium-Molybdate and Zirconium Oxide as generator column-packing materials were prepared and successfully put into use in nuclear medicine application. (author)

  12. Preparation and bioevaluation of 99mTc-carbonyl complex of guanine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cigdem Ichedef; Serap Teksoez; Kamile Senocak; Eser Ucar; Ayfer Yurt Kilcar

    2011-01-01

    The aim of this study is to prepare radiolabeled guanine with 99m Tc(CO) 3 + core. For this purpose, guanine has been radiolabeled with 99m Tc(CO) 3 + core. Quality control study of radiolabeled guanine molecule with 99m Tc(CO) 3 + core was performed by thin layer radio chromatography (TLRC) and high performance liquid radio chromatography (HPLRC). The results showed that the radiolabeling yield was quite high (94 ± 3%). Beside that 99m Tc(CO) 3 -Gua complex has showed good in vitro stability during the 24 h period. Radiopharmaceutical potential of this complex was evaluated in Wistar Albino Rats. It was concluded that 99m Tc(CO) 3 -Gua could be used as a nucleotide radiopharmaceutical for in vivo applications. (author)

  13. Concentration of sup(99m)Tc from the eluate of 99Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saucedo, T.; Mora, M.; Fraga de Suarez, A.H.; Mitta, A.E.A.

    1976-04-01

    A method is described to concentrate sup(99m)Tc solutions, originated in 99 Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators, independent of its age. The techniques of preparation of the different radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine are also described. (author) [es

  14. Preparation of Tc-99m human serum albumin using stannous citrate and stannous chloride

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Asrag, H.A.; El-Wetery, A.S.; El-Mohty, A.A.

    1988-01-01

    99mTc-albumin is widely used as radioactive indicator in the measurement of cardiac output by external counting techniques and in blood volume studies. The quality of 99mTc-albumin depends on the method of preparation. A comparative study had been carried out on the 99mTc-albumin preparation by the stannous chloride, stannous tartarate and stannous citrate method. The different parameters investigated for each method include: pH, albumin concentration, reductant concentration and ascorbic acid as antioxidant stabilizer. The biological distribution of 99mTc-albumin, prepared by different methods, were determined in mice and rats. A procedure was developed for the preparation of stannous human serum albumin (HSA) kit for human application the kit provides a freeze dried sterile formulation for reconstitution with sterile 99mTc pertechnetate solution to give 99mTc-Hsa, the effect of irradiation sterilization on the freeze dried kit was studied by spectrophotometric determination and biological distribution in mice and rats

  15. 99mTc bone scanning agents preparation and chemical analysis of Tc(Sn)pyrophosphate, Tc(Sn)MDP and Tc(Sn)HMDP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kroesbergen, J.

    1986-01-01

    This thesis describes a comparison of the preparation, composition and properties of three bone scanning agents: 99m Tc(Sn)pyrophosphate, 99m Tc(Sn)MDP and 99m Tc(Sn)HMDP. This study has been performed for two reasons: First to investigate the preparation and composition of the radiopharmaceuticals as a function of experimental conditions. Together with previously reported results for 99m Tc(Sn)EHDP, obtained in a similar way, this enables to use well-defined preparations of the bone scanning agents. Secondly to gain an insight in the mechanism in which the agents behave 'in vivo'. Because the 'in vivo' process is too complicated to study directly, it seemed more appropriate to perform 'in vitro' investigations as simplifications of the 'in vivo' situation. 304 refs.; 26 figs.; 31 tabs

  16. Tc-99m-hexakis(t-butylisonitrile)-technetium(I) (Tc-99m-TBI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Angelberger, P.; Dudczak, R.; Jones, A.G.; Lister-James, J.; Wagner-Loffler, M.; Buchheit, O.; Fally, F.

    1986-01-01

    The potassium analog (Tl-201)/sup +/ is widely used in nuclear cardiology but has inferior scintigraphic (80 keV photons), dosimetric and economic properties as compared to Tc-99m. Therefore considerable efforts have been made to develop a Tc-compound that would accumulate in the myocardium in relation to regional blood flow. This study was aimed at optimizing the preparation of Tc-TBI with n.c.a. Tc-99m, analyze and purify the product with HPLC, verify biodistribution in mice and undertake a clinical evaluation

  17. Tumor affinity of technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. II. Sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diphosphonate (sup(99m)Tc-EHDP), sup(99m)Tc-Sn-dimercaptosuccinic acid (sup(99m)Tc-DMSA), sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diethyl stilbestrol diphosphate (sup(99m)Tc-DSDP)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Itoh, K; Kobayashi, S; Hisada, K; Tonami, N [Kanazawa Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine; Ando, A

    1976-10-01

    The authors have examined the tumor affinity of various sup(99m)Tc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals to Ehrlich's tumor for the purpose of delineating human malignant neoplasm positively. The biologic distributions of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diphosphonate (sup(99m)Tc-EHDP), sup(99m)Tc-Sn-dimercaptosuccinic acid (sup(99m)Tc-DMSA) and sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diethyl stilbestrol diphosphate (sup(99m)Tc-DSDP, sup(99m)Tc-Honvan) are included as the second report on the tumor affinity of Ehrlich-bearing mice. Tumor concentration of sup(99m)Tc-EHDP was lowest and the positive delineation of implanted tumor with sup(99m)Tc-EHDP was poorest in sequential images, though active accumulation in some soft tissues malignant neoplasms, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer, has been reported. Tumor concentration and the tumor-to-blood ratio of sup(99m)Tc-DMSA were not so high, contrary to our expectation that /sup 197/Hg-DMSA might show high tumor concentration and high tumor-to-blood ratio the same as /sup 197/Hg chlormerodrin of the renal scanning radiopharmaceuticals. Tumor concentration of sup(99m)Tc-DSDP was highest. The tumor-to-blood concentration ratio was lower than that of the above mentioned radiopharmaceuticals but the tumor-to-liver ratio and/or tumor-to-lung ratio was over 1.0 at the earlier time. Biologic distribution of sup(99m)Tc-DSDP was similar to that of /sup 32/P labeled DSDP. It is presumed that sup(99m)Tc is labeled at the phosphate ester of DSDP which is dephospholytated immediately by phospholylase in vivo following intravenous injection. Although it is not known precisely it may be assumed that the mechanism of accumulating sup(99m)Tc-DSDP in Ehrlich's tumor is related to the phospholylase activity in neoplasms.

  18. Preparation of glucoheptonate - sup(99m) Tc using stannous ascorbate as reducing agent for TcO-4 ion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barboza, M.R.F.F. de; Silva, C.P.G. da.

    1983-12-01

    A preparation procedure of stannous ascorbate in lyophilized form is presented. This reducing agent was employed for the preparation of kits of calcium glucoheptonate (GHA) to be labelled with sup(99m) Tc for use in kidney scintigraphy. Comparative studies between kits prepared with stannous ascorbate and those prepared with stannous chloride as reducing agent were made. The labelling yield during 18 hours after the addition of sup(99m) TcO - 4 was higher when stannous ascorbate was used. The stability of kits of calcium glucoheptonate - sup(99m) Tc containing stannous ascorbate was studied during five months after its preparation in the lyophilized form. On the fifth month the labelling yield of GHA - sup(99m) Tc was 89-95%, being therefore suitable for kidney scintigraphy. (Author) [pt

  19. Preparation of 99mTc-Ancitabine as a Possible Tumor Imaging Agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ibrahim, I.T.; Attallah, K.M.

    2010-01-01

    Ancitabine is one of the potent chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. Tc-Ancitabine ( 99m Tc-ANC) was prepared using stannous chloride as reducing agent, which produced yield above 90% at ph 4 at room temperature within 1-5 min as reaction time. The labeled drug was stable for more than 8 h post labeling. Biodistribution study of 99m Tc-ANC in normal mice reflected that its uptake was increased in organ of high proliferation like stomach. In solid tumor bearing mice 99m Tc-ANC was incorporated rapidly in tumor site and declined slowly, while it was declined rapidly from other tissues. Biodistribution of 99m Tc-ANC in solid tumor presented a possible model for imaging of tumors.

  20. Determination of radiochemical purity and pharmacokinetic parameters of sup(99m)Tc-sulphur colloid and sup(99m)Tc-tin colloid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jovanovic, V.; Konstantinovska, D.; Milivojevic, K.; Bzenic, J.

    1981-01-01

    Labelling yield and radiochemical purity, higher than 95%, of sup(99m)Tc-colloid preparations were determined by using the paper chromatography method. Less than 3% of labelled citric acid, added to the preparation as a buffer solution, has been found in sup(99m)Tc-sulphur colloid. High radiochemical purity and optimum size of colloid particles has also been proved by biodistribution studies on experimental animals. The analysis performed has shown that more than 50% of sup(99m)Tc-colloid preparations excreted by urine is sup(99m)TcO - , the remaining past 50% being protein bound sup(99m)Tc. Biological half-time of excretion of the fast phase is the same for both preparations, i.e. 10 min, while for the slow component it is 120 min in sup(99m)Tc-S-colloid and 160 min in sup(99m)Tc-Sn colloid. (orig.) [de

  1. Use of 99mTc from a commercial 99Mo/9mTc generator as yield tracer for the determination of 99Tc at low levels

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hou, Xiaolin; Jensen, Mikael; Nielsen, Sven Poul

    2007-01-01

    The concentrations of Tc-99 and impurity radionuclides in the Tc-99m tracer solution obtained from a commercial Mo-99/Tc-99m generator were measured by gamma spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. Mo-99 and Ru-103 were found in the Tc-99m eluate. A simple separation using two extra alumina...... cartridges was investigated to purify the eluate to obtain a suitable Tc-99m tracer with low Tc-99 concentration. The activity ratio of Tc-99/Tc-99m in the prepared Tc-99m solution is lower than 15 x 10(-9), which is higher than the theoretical ratio of less than 10 x 10(-9). The possible reason is discussed....... The Tc-99 in the 20 kBq spiked Tc-99m tracer was found to be less than 0.3mBq, which is lower than the detection limit of the radiometric method used for environmental samples. The purified Tc-99m eluate is used as yield tracer for the determination of low levels of Tc-99 in environmental samples. (c...

  2. Effect of milking efficiency on Tc-99 content of Tc-99m derived from Tc-99m generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonnyman, J.

    1983-01-01

    Tc-99m obtained by separation from its parent Mo-99 always contains Tc-99 produced by decay of Tc-99m and Mo-99. Factors effecting the Tc-99/Tc-99m ratios are discussed. An HPLC method has been developed to measure the 99 TcO 4- content of sodium pertechnetate from generators with a detection limit of 0.9 ng Tc-99 for a 500 μl/ aliquot of TcO 4- -99m. First eluates of 10 chromatograph-ic generators gave Tc-99/Tc-99m ratios ranging from 3.5-46 ng Tc/mCi Tc-99m measured at the time of milking. The measurements indicate that Tc-99/Tc-99m ratios high enough to cause adverse labelling effects could be found in 'instant pertechnetate' and in the first eluate from Tc-99m generators for the activities normally used in radiopharmaceutical production

  3. Are commercial 99m Tc-DTPA preparations reliable for quantitation of renal function

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeghers, O.; Kinthaert, J.; Georges, B.; Van Gansbeke, B.; Piepsz, A.; Ham, H.R.

    1983-01-01

    Bad labeling and stability of 99m-Tc-DTPA preparations were found on several occasions, resulting in important artefacts in quantitative renal studies. Further studies are needed in order to understand the origin of these inconstant findings. Repeated quality control on Tc-99m-DTPA preparations are mandatory

  4. The preparation and biodistribution of 99mTc-cyclohexanedione dioxime and its methaneboronic acid adduct

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luo Shineng; Xie Minhao; Xi Yuefen; Feng Yingying; Guo Yuzhi

    1993-01-01

    The preparation and biodistribution of 99m Tc-cyclohexanedione dioxime ( 99m Tc-CDO) and its methaneboronic acid adduct ( 99m Tc-CDO-MeB) are reported. The result shows that pH value exerts greater effect on the labelling yield of 99m Tc-CDO-MeB than that of 99m Tc-CDO. When pH value was 3.5-4.0, the labelling yield of 99m Tc-CDO-MeB was higher than 90%. Biodistribution experiment showed that 99m Tc-CDO-MeB was taken by heart and brain in the first few minutes after intravenous injection. The uptakes of 99m Tc-CDO-MeB by heart and brain were higher than those of 99m Tc-CDO

  5. Preparation and labelling hydroxyapatite with 223Ra and 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Malkova, E.; Micolova, P.; Vlk, M.; Kozempel, J.; Rabyk, M.

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this study was the preparation, studies and investigation of novel nanoparticles suitable for targeted delivery of 223 Ra and 99 mTc. Preliminary experiments were focused on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) and their affinity to 223 Ra and 99m Tc. Technetium-99m ( 99 mTc, T 1 /2 = 6.0 h) is the most commonly used medical radionuclide for diagnostic procedures. Radium-223 is the first -emitting radionuclide approved for targeted radionuclide therapy. The physical half-life of 223 Ra of 11.4 days is providing sufficient time for the synthesis, distribution and administration of the radiopharmaceutical to patients. HANPs labelling yields with 223 Ra were 95 - 100 % and with 99m Tc were 93 - 94 % depending on the reaction conditions. HANPs were studied on FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRPD (X-Ray Powder Diffraction), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), and the sizes of nanoparticles were studied at temperatures 80, 120 and 200 grad C. (authors)

  6. Preparation of zirconium molybdate gel for 99mTc gel generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aliludin, Z.; Ohkubo, Masatake; Kushita, Kouhei

    1988-09-01

    Zirconium molybdate gel has excellent characteristics for use as column matrix material of 99m Tc generators. In this work, zirconium molybdate gels were prepared under different conditions; pH's of molybdate solutions from 2.5 to 7.0, Mo:Zr molar ratios from 0.7:1.0 to 1.3:1.0, drying temperatures from an ambient temperature to 200 deg C, and drying times from 1 h to 25 h. Contents of water, nitrate, molybdenum and zirconium were measured to examine the fundamental conditions in gel preparation. The Mo:Zr molar ratio was 1.0:1.0 for the most of gels obtained. A 99m Tc generator was prepared with an amorphous zirconium molybdate containing a tracer level of 99 Mo as column matrix material. Elution of 99m Tc was rapid and the average elution efficiency was 90 % for 6 ml elutions. Contents of radionuclidic impurities, Zr and Mo in the eluates, were low enough to meet the pharmacopoeia requirements for human use. (author)

  7. Study of gels of molybdenum with cerium in the preparation of generators of 99Mo-99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moraes, Vanessa; Marczewski, Barbara; Dias, Carla Roberta; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

    2005-01-01

    99m Tc has ideal nuclear properties for organ imaging in nuclear medicine, and it is obtained from the 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator. Four different types of generators are available: chromatographic that uses 99 Mo from fission of uranium; MEK solvent extraction; Tc 2 O 7 sublimation; gel chromatographic. This work presents the preparation of gel generators of molybdenum with cerium and characterization of the gels: mass ratio between molybdenum and cerium, structure, size of particles and elution percentage of 99m Tc after irradiating the gels. Eight gels were prepared at the same temperature of 50 deg C with concentrations of NaOH of 2 and 4 mol/L, mass ratio of 0.31 and 0.38 and final pH of 3.5 and 4.5. The analysis of the results proved that these gels are not adequate for preparation of the generators of 99 Mo- 99m Tc, since the elution percentages are low, when compared with the gel of molybdenum with zirconium.(author)

  8. Comparative evaluation of different nanostructured metal oxides for preparation of clinically useful 99Mo/99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ram, Ramu; Chakravarty, Rubel; Dash, Ashutosh

    2015-01-01

    The potential of nanostructured metal oxides such as nanotitania, nanozirconia, nanoalumina and mesoporous alumina, as new generation sorbent materials for preparation of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator has recently been demonstrated. A comparative assessment of such materials is essential for determination of their suitability for preparation of clinically useful generators using (n,γ) 99 Mo. Characteristics which were compared included the sorption capacity, shelf-life of the generator, radioactive concentration and purity of 99m Tc for radiopharmaceutical applications. Mesoporous alumina was identified as the most suitable sorbent for ensuring sustainable production of clinical grade 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators using low specific activity 99 Mo. (author)

  9. The new 99mTc myocardial perfusion imaging agents: 99mTc-sestamibi and 99mTc-teboroxime

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berman, D.S.; Kiat, H.; Maddahi, J.

    1991-01-01

    The two new 99m (99mTc) labeled myocardial perfusion agents, 99mTc-Sestamibi and 99mTc-Teboroxime, are now available for routine clinical application. Both agents allow assessment of ejection fraction by the first-pass technique at rest or during exercise, thus providing additional information not available with thallium-201. 99mTc-Sestamibi has long myocardial residence time, as well as adequate myocardial extraction, providing images of higher count density and superior quality compared with thallium-201. 99mTc-Teboroxime has excellent myocardial uptake characteristics but is cleared very rapidly from the myocardium. Both tracers have shown results similar to those obtained with thallium-201 for detection of coronary artery disease and the assessment of defect reversibility. 99mTc-Sestamibi studies using the rest/stress imaging sequence can be accomplished in approximately 5 hours; studies using dual-isotope imaging (rest thallium-201 and stress 99mTc-Sestamibi injection) can be completed in 1 to 2 hours. Gated stress images can be performed with 99mTc-Sestamibi, providing simultaneous information of myocardial perfusion at stress and resting wall motion or thickening and allowing rapid differentiation of ischemic from infarcted tissue. Because of its slow myocardial clearance and absence of redistribution, 99mTc-Sestamibi allows uncoupling of the time of injection from the time of imaging and thus can be valuable in the evaluation of acute myocardial infarction and outcome of thrombolytic therapy. With 99mTc-Teboroxime, rapid serial studies are feasible. Pharmacologic stress and rest studies with 99mTc-Teboroxime single photon emission computed tomography potentially can be completed in under 30 minutes. 73 references

  10. Validation of alternative methods of preparing 99mTc-MAG3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seetharaman, Shankar; Sosabowski, Michael H.; Ballinger, James R.

    2007-01-01

    Parameters in the preparation of 99m Tc-mertiatide ( 99m Tc-MAG3) were investigated to determine the importance of total activity, activity concentration, boiling time, and delay before boiling for the radiochemical purity (RCP) and stability of the product. Satisfactory RCP results (>90%) were obtained over a range of concentrations including a dilute preparation for paediatric use. RCP was not affected by the time between the addition of pertechnetate and boiling, but low RCP (<60%) resulted when the kit was boiled for less than 10 min

  11. Investigation on the performance of polymer zirconium compound (PZC) for chromatographic Tc-99m generator preparation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Van So

    2004-01-01

    The performance of PZC was investigated for chromatographic Tc-99m generator preparation. Mo-adsorption of PZC in different Mo-solutions and Tc-99m elution of 99 Mo-PZC column were studied. Mo- adsorption capacity of higher than 250mgMo/gPZC and Tc-99m elution yield of higher than 80% were achieved with PZC adsorbent. Mo-99 breakthrough of 0.02% and Molybdenum element breakthrough of around 5μg Mo/ml were found in Tc-99m eluate. A good relationship between the Mo-content of adsorption solution and the Mo-adsorption capacity, adsorption percentage, Mo-breakthrough and Tc-99m elution yield was found. The preparation of PZC based Tc-99m chromatographic generator with 4 gram weight of PZC was successfully conducted. (author)

  12. Preparation of 99Mo/99mTc generators based on 99Mo zirconium molybdates in the Gel Synthesis Device for Generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez M, I. Z.; Monroy G, F.; Rivero G, T.; Rojas N, P.

    2008-01-01

    The 99m Tc is used for diagnosis and therapy. It is produced commercially from 99 Mo obtained from the fission of 235 U, which is retained in chromatographic columns filled with alumina whose maximum capacity is 0.2%. Given these constraints new methods of preparation 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators have been developed using zirconium molybdates gels containing up to 30% of Mo, which is part of the generator matrix, and retaining quality and purity similar characteristics to those commercial generators. The present study aims to determine the flow of agitation, temperature and drying time optimal to prepare 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators based on 99 Mo zirconium molybdates in the Gel Synthesis Device 99 Mo/ 99m Tc Generators designed and built by groups of the Radioactive Materials Research Laboratory and Automation and Instrumentation Department of the National Institute of Nuclear Research. (Author)

  13. The PZC-based Tc-99m generator preparation and its performance test

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Yishu

    2007-01-01

    This paper described the preparation of Tc-99m generator prepared with Japan distributing Mo adsorbent PZC and irradiated nature MoO 3 and its performance test. Four Tc-99m generators were prepared with different batches of PZC and reactor irradiated nature MoO 3 . The adsorption capacity of PZC to Mo is approximately 200mgMo/gPZC. The adsorption efficiency of three batches PZC is good (>90%) and that of one batch of PZC is not good enough (∼83%). The loss of fine powder (The PZC is fragile) is quite different with the different preparation process of PZC. The elution efficiency is 80-90% and has the up trend with the elution date. The Mo breakthrough can be controlled to acceptable level by connecting HZO safe column containing 1.0g HZO. All the specifications of eluted from PZC-based Tc-99m generator can meet the requirements under Sodium Pertechnetate injection in China Pharmacopoeia. (author)

  14. 99mTc-HYNIC-derivatized ternary ligand complexes for 99mTc-labeled polypeptides with low in vivo protein binding

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ono, Masahiro; Arano, Yasushi; Mukai, Takahiro; Fujioka, Yasushi; Ogawa, Kazuma; Uehara, Tomoya; Saga, Tsuneo; Konishi, Junji; Saji, Hideo

    2001-01-01

    6-Hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) is a representative agent used to prepare technetium-99m ( 99m Tc)-labeled polypeptides with tricine as a coligand. However, 99m Tc-HYNIC-labeled polypeptides show delayed elimination rates of the radioactivity not only from the blood but also from nontarget tissues such as the liver and kidney. In this study, a preformed chelate of tetrafluorophenol (TFP) active ester of [ 99m Tc](HYNIC)(tricine)(benzoylpyridine: BP) ternary complex was synthesized to prepare 99m Tc-labeled polypeptides with higher stability against exchange reactions with proteins in plasma and lysosomes using the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody and galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NGA) as model polypeptides. When incubated in plasma, [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-Fab)(tricine)(BP) showed significant reduction of the radioactivity in high molecular weight fractions compared with [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-Fab)(tricine) 2. When injected into mice, [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-NGA)(tricine)(BP) was metabolized to [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-lysine)(tricine)(BP) in the liver with no radioactivity detected in protein-bound fractions in contrast to the observations with [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-NGA)(tricine) 2. In addition, [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-NGA)(tricine)(BP) showed significantly faster elimination rates of the radioactivity from the liver as compared with [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-NGA)(tricine) 2. Similar results were observed with 99m Tc-labeled Fab fragments where [ 99m Tc](HYNIC-Fab)(tricine)(BP) exhibited significantly faster elimination rates of the radioactivity not only from the blood but also from the kidney. These findings indicated that conjugation of [ 99m Tc](HYNIC)(tricine)(BP) ternary ligand complex to polypeptides accelerated elimination rates of the radioactivity from the blood and nontarget tissues due to low binding of the [ 99m Tc](HYNIC)(tricine)(BP) complex with proteins in the blood and in the lysosomes. Such characteristics would render the TFP active ester of [ 99m Tc](HYNIC)(tricine)(BP) complex

  15. Mismatched uptake of Tc-99m-ECD and Tc-99m-HMPAO in subacute cerebral infarction: Tc-99m-ECD for viability and Tc-99m-HMPAO for flow restoration

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, D. S.; Hyun, I. Y.; Kim, S. K. [College of Medicine, Seoul National Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)] [and others

    1997-07-01

    Tc-99m-HMPAO reflects tissue perfusion but Tc-99m-ECD uptake is affected by tissue viability in addition to tissue perfusion which the varied state of cellular retention of Tc-99m-ECD reflects. Luxuriously perfused area on Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT implies that this cortex was already reperfused either spontaneously or after thrombolysis and that accompanied paralysis of vascular reactivity in those zones warms progressive deterioration. We tried to find out if we can use sequential Tc-99m-ECD/Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT to reveal cortical perfusion and severity and range of risky areas of cerbral cortex despite reperfusion in sub-acute infarction. In 13 patients (M ; F =7 : 6, mean age 57 (range: 26-84)) with cortical (n=12) and basal ganglia infarction (1), we performed sequential Tc-99m-ECD/Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT at the same position. At first, 555 MBq of Tc-99m-ECD was injected and imaged and then 1110 MBq of Tc-99m-HMPAO was injected again and imaged with the patients in situ, and the first image (Tc-99m-ECD) and the subtracted image (2nd- 1st : Tc-99m-HMPAO) were compared slice by slice. Study was done from 3 days to 31 days (16{+-}9) after ictus. Tc-99m-ECD uptake was always less than or equal to Tc-99m-HMPAO uptake at the lesion in all cases. Luxury perfusion was prominent in four patients. Mismatched uptake was found in 10 patients. Severity of mismatch showed diverse spectrum and was ranged from total middle cerebral artery territory (1 case) to peripheral thin zones around infarction (2 cases). The other 7 showed intermediate amount of tissues with mismatch , i.e., Tc-99m-ECD defects where Tc-99m-HMPAO uptake is in part increased, normal or decreased. Upon discharge, patients having more uptake with Tc-99m-ECD predicted improvement. Patients having mismatched uptake went dichotomous way. In conclusion, Tc-99m-ECD/Tc-99m-HMPAO sequential SPECT is feasible and reveal both tissue perfusion (Tc-99m-HMPAO ) and discrepant Tc-99m-ECD uptake probably reflecting viability in acute

  16. Preparation and preclinical pharmacological study on a novel bone imaging agent 99mTc-EMIDP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin Jianguo; Luo Shineng; Chen Chuanqing; Qiu Ling; Wang Yan; Cheng Wen; Ye Wanzhong; Xia Yongmei

    2010-01-01

    A novel zoledronic acid (ZL) derivative, 1-hydroxy-2-(2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (EMIDP), was prepared and labeled with 99m Tc successfully in a high labeling yield and good stability in vitro. The preclinical pharmacological properties of 99m Tc-EMIDP were investigated and compared with 99m Tc-MDP and 99m Tc-ZL. The studies of biodistribution in mice and SPECT bone imaging of the rabbit suggest that 99m Tc-EMIDP has highly selective uptake in the skeletal system and rapid clearance in the soft tissues. The present findings indicate that 99m Tc-EMIDP holds great potential for bone scintigraphy.

  17. Kinetic study on ligand exchange reaction between ethylenedicysteine and 99mTc- glucoheptonate (99mTc-GH)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, C.Y.; Ji, S.R.; Lu, C.X.; Ding, S.Y.; Chen, Z.P.; Lin, X.T.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: 99m Tc-L,L-ethylenedicysteine( 99m Tc-EC)is a new type of renal imaging agent. It can be labeled very easily and efficiently at room temperature through direct labeling at pH 12. The need for direct labeling at pH 12 does not compromise the simplicity and ease of preparation of 99m Tc-EC and its practical usefulness in daily routine. On the basis of the labeling experiments, we developed a ligand exchange labeling method, in which the labeling EC with 99m Tc can be performed at pH 8. In order to provide a theoretic basis, a detailed kinetic study of ligand exchange reaction between 99m Tc- glucoheptonate( 99m Tc-GH) and EC was carried out. Materials and Methods: 99m Tc-EC is prepared as follows: 99m Tc-GH + EC → 99m Tc-EC + GH, labeling can be easily performed by adding 99m TcO 4 - (2∼6ml generator elute) to glucoheptonate solution containing SnCl 2 .2H 2 O solution to form 99m Tc-GH, then freshly prepared 99m Tc-GH is transferred to the aqueous solution of different concentrations of EC at different pH value, after being shaken, 99m Tc-EC was formed. Radiolabeling yield(RLY) and radiochemical purity(RCP) of 99m Tc-GH and 99m Tc-EC were measured by Xinhua No.1 paper with developing system of Me 2 CO/H 2 O/con.NH 3 .H 2 O=9/3/1(V/V). 99m Tc-GH(RCP must be over 98%, 80ul, 3.6∼7.4MBq) was added to 1ml of 0.5mol/L phosphate buffer(pH 12) containing different amount of EC(150, 75, 50 and 15ug), the sample was taken out at different time intervals and RCP was determined. The solution of EC(30ul, 5g/L) was added to 1ml of 0.5mol/L phosphate buffer at different pH value(pH11, 10, 9, 8, 7), after completely vortexed, 99m Tc-GH(RCP must be over 98%, 80ul, 3.6∼7.4MBq) was then added, the sample was taken out and RCP was determined as above. The rate constant(k) of ligand exchange reaction at different concentrations of EC and different reaction pH values were calculated out by integrating. Plot ln[1/(1-RLY)] vs t(time) showed a liner relationship, and the rate

  18. Preparation and quality control of fibrinogen 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noto, M.G.; Rabiller, Graciela; Garrie Faget, Claudio; Fisman, Carlos; Manzini, Alberto

    1987-01-01

    A method of fibrinogen preparation is presented in order to label it with 99m Tc employing Sn as reducing agent in alkaline medium. Purity controls by chromatography, coagulation in rabbits and biodistribution in rats were performed. It is concluded that optimal time incubation is between 22 and 23 hs. (M.E.L.) [es

  19. 99mTc-Dextran-70: preparation and quality control

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Herrerias, Rosana; Muramoto, Emiko; Hamada, Elena S.; Barboza, Marycel F. de; Silva, Constancia P.G. da

    1997-01-01

    Dextran-70 labelled with 99m Tc is used for lymphocintigraphy in Nuclear Medicine. The aims of this work were: the lyophilized kit formulation; the radiochemical quality control determination and the biodistribution studies in Wistar rats. Each lyophilized vial contains: 50 mg Dextran-70 (Sigma); 750 μg Sn Cl 2 . 2 H 2 O, pH = 4.0. For the radiochemical determination the following parameters were assayed: Chromatography systems (Whatman 3MM, TLC-SG (Silica-gel) e TLC-A1 (aluminium); the 99m Tc activities (37, 111 and 1850 MBq); the 99m Tc volumes (1,3,5 and 8 mL) and the stability after the lyophilization process (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months). The Whatman 3MM chromatography system using acetone as solvent presented a purity yield of 99.88; 99.70; 99.00 and 98.92% using 1, 3, 5 and 8 mL of 99m Tc, respectively. The yield of labelling showed 99.80 % of radiochemical purity using 1850 MBq of 99m Tc, after 24 months. The biological studies were performed in Wistar rats, average weight 250g, after intravenous administration of 99m Tc-Dextran-70 (2.96 MBq). A slow blood decrease with high hepatic uptake was mesured. The high kidney uptake observed, during the experiment, was due the experiment, was due the fact that the animals were kept under anaesthesic effect. (author). 4 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs

  20. Preparation and biological evaluation of cyclopentadienyl-based 99mTc-complexes [(Cp-R)99mTc(CO)3] mimicking benzamides for malignant melanoma targeting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peindy N'Dongo, Harmel W.; Raposinho, Paula D.; Fernandes, Celia; Santos, Isabel; Can, Daniel; Schmutz, Paul; Spingler, Bernhard; Alberto, Roger

    2010-01-01

    The biological evaluation of half-sandwich 99m Tc-complexes that surrogate iodobenzamide with a high affinity for melanin tumor tissue is described. We have synthesized via retro Diels-Alder reaction two models of 99m Tc complexes which possess the piano stool [Cp 99m Tc(CO) 3 ] motif instead of a phenyl ring as in the original iodobenzamide 123 I-N-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-iodobenzamide (2-IBP) and N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-4-iodobenzamide (BZA). Diels-Alder products - (HCp-CONHR) 2 (, R=2-diethylaminoethyl; , R=benzylpiperidin-4-yl) were prepared and reacted with fac-[ 99m Tc(H 2 O) 3 (CO) 3 )] + 1 in water to produce the corresponding 99m Tc complexes [() 99m Tc(CO) 3 )] and [() 99m Tc(CO) 3 )] . The structures of the 99m Tc complexes on the no-carrier-added level have been confirmed by chromatographic comparison with the corresponding rhenium complexes and , macroscopically characterized by IR, NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray crystallography for [triclinic, P-1, a=7.3518(1) A, b=8.0309(2) A, c=17.5536(3) A, α=99.1260(5) o , β=90.4215(14) o , γ=117.0187(11) o ]. The radioconjugate showed good in vitro stability. In murine melanoma B16F1 cells, significant cellular uptake (43.9% of the total applied activity) was attained after 4 h at 37 deg. C with about 50% of the cell-associated radioactivity being internalized in the cells (22% of the applied activity). Furthermore, in melanoma-bearing C57BL6 mice, tumor uptake values of 3.39±0.50 %ID g -1 and 3.21±0.26 %ID g -1 at 1 and 4 h postinjection, respectively, were observed indicating a good retention of in the tumor.

  1. Successful labeling of 99mTc-MDP using 99mTc separated from 99Mo produced by 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagai, Yasuki; Hatsukawa, Yuichi; Kin, Tadahiro; Hashimoto, Kazuyuki; Motoishi, Shoji; Konno, Chikara; Ochiai, Kentaro; Takakura, Kosuke; Sato, Yuichi; Sato, Norihito; Ohta, Akio; Yamabayashi, Hisamichi; Tanase, Masakazu; Fujisaki, Saburo; Kawauchi, Yukimasa; Teranaka, Tomoyuki; Takeuchi, Nobuhiro; Igarashi, Takashi

    2011-01-01

    We have for the first time succeeded in separating 99m Tc from a MoO 3 sample irradiated with accelerator neutrons free from any radioactive impurities and in formulating 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate ( 99 mTc-MDP). 99 Mo, the mother nuclide of 99m Tc, was produced by the 100 Mo(n,2n) 99 Mo reaction using about 14 MeV neutrons provided by the 3 H(d,n) 4 He reaction at the Fusion Neutronics Source of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The 99m Tc was separated from 99 Mo by sublimation and its radionuclide purity was confirmed to be higher than 99.99% by γ-spectroscopy. The labeling efficiency of 99m Tc-MDP was shown to be higher than 99% by thin-layer chromatography. These values exceed the United States Pharmacopeia requirements for a fission product, 99 Mo. Consequently, a 99m Tc radiopharmaceutical preparation formed by using the mentioned 99 Mo can be a promising substitute for the fission product 99 Mo, which is currently produced using a highly enriched uranium target in aging research reactors. A longstanding problem to ensure a reliable and constant supply of 99 Mo in Japan can be partially mitigated. (author)

  2. Validation of alternative methods of preparing {sup 99m}Tc-MAG3

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seetharaman, Shankar [Department of Pharmacy, Guy' s and St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 9EH (United Kingdom); Sosabowski, Michael H. [School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb (United Kingdom); Ballinger, James R. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy' s and St Thomas' Hospital, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT (United Kingdom)], E-mail: james.ballinger@gstt.nhs.uk

    2007-11-15

    Parameters in the preparation of {sup 99m}Tc-mertiatide ({sup 99m}Tc-MAG3) were investigated to determine the importance of total activity, activity concentration, boiling time, and delay before boiling for the radiochemical purity (RCP) and stability of the product. Satisfactory RCP results (>90%) were obtained over a range of concentrations including a dilute preparation for paediatric use. RCP was not affected by the time between the addition of pertechnetate and boiling, but low RCP (<60%) resulted when the kit was boiled for less than 10 min.

  3. Preparation of a gel of zirconium molybdate for use in the generators of 99 Mo - 99m Tc prepared with 99 Mo produced by the 98 Mo(n,γ)99 Mo reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Osso Junior, Joao A.; Lima, Ana Lucia V.P.; Silva, Nestor C. da; Nieto, Renata C.; Velosa, Adriana C. de

    1998-01-01

    IPEN develops a project concerning the preparation of a gel of Zirconium Molybdate for use in the generators of 99 Mo- 99m Tc . 99m Tc is the most used radioisotope in nuclear medicine diagnosis procedures and nowadays the generators are being prepared with imported 99 Mo, produced by 235 U fission. The production of 99 Mo by the 98 Mo(n, γ) 99 Mo reaction is now possible because of the power upgrade of IPEN's IEA-R1 reactor, from 2 to 5 MW. This work describes the preparation method of Zirconium Molybdate gel that will be used in the 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators. The gel is prepared by the chemical reaction between Mo, in Mo O 3 form, and Zr, in Zr O Cl 2 .8H 2 O form. After the reaction, the gel is filtered, dried and cracked with saline solution. The product is then loaded into glass columns for use as 99m Tc generator. The results showed the good quality of the gel prepared at laboratory level and of the generators evaluated. (author)

  4. Study of gels of molybdenum with cerium in the preparation of generators of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moraes, Vanessa; Marczewski, Barbara; Dias, Carla Roberta; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), SP (Brazil). Centro de Radiofarmacia

    2005-10-15

    {sup 99m} Tc has ideal nuclear properties for organ imaging in nuclear medicine, and it is obtained from the {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m} Tc generator. Four different types of generators are available: chromatographic that uses {sup 99}Mo from fission of uranium; MEK solvent extraction; Tc{sub 2}O{sub 7} sublimation; gel chromatographic. This work presents the preparation of gel generators of molybdenum with cerium and characterization of the gels: mass ratio between molybdenum and cerium, structure, size of particles and elution percentage of {sup 99m} Tc after irradiating the gels. Eight gels were prepared at the same temperature of 50 deg C with concentrations of NaOH of 2 and 4 mol/L, mass ratio of 0.31 and 0.38 and final pH of 3.5 and 4.5. The analysis of the results proved that these gels are not adequate for preparation of the generators of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m} Tc, since the elution percentages are low, when compared with the gel of molybdenum with zirconium.(author)

  5. Preparation, quality control and biological characterization of 99mTc-vincristine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saira Hina; Muhammad Ibrahim Rajoka; Asma Haque

    2015-01-01

    In present study it is aimed to radiolabel vincristine with 99m Tc and to evaluate bioaffinity of 99m Tc labeled vinc. The optimum conditions required to obtain 99.6 ± 0.4 %, (n = 5) radiolabeling yield of 99m Tc-vincristine ( 99m Tc-vinc) were as follows: pH 4, 5 µg of vincristine sulphate, 6 µg SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O as a reducing agent and 10 min incubation time at room temperature. Quality control of 99m Tc-vinc was done by using paper electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography. The radiolabeling yield was confirmed by High performance liquid chromatography using radioactive and UV detector operating at 230 nm. 99m Tc-vinc was stable in vitro for 5 h. Biodistribution and scintigraphy of 99m Tc-vinc was performed in mice and rabbits respectively and that 99m Tc-vinc showed high uptake of it in liver and spleen. Finally 99m Tc-vinc may be the potential imaging agent for liver and spleen. (author)

  6. Preparation of Human Serum Albumin Macroaggregated (MAA) labelled with 99mTc via Ligand Exchange

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Mohty, A.A.; El-Ghany, E.A.; Amin, A.A.; El-Koaly, M.T.; Raieh, M.

    2000-01-01

    An alternative method for the preparation of human serum albumin macroaggregated (MAA) labelled with 99m Tc for lung scanning is described. The method is based on the use of stannous methylene diphosphonate (Sn-MDP) as a reducing agent. The may be also increase the number of binding sites in the MAA. The different parameters affecting the labelling yield and in-vitro stability of 99m Tc-MAA have been studied in order to determine the optimum conditions for labelling macroaggregated with 99m Tc. A high labelling yield (98.9%) was achieved and more than 98% of 99m Tc-MAA coated with Sn-MDP. The determined lung uptake in mice was found to be ≥ 90% which better than the reported data. A particular procedure compared to the existing reported procedures, which is recommended for the preparation of Sn-MDP coated MAA labelled with 99m Tc for lung perfusion imaging

  7. Dimercaptosuccinic acid-Tc99m: Preparation and biodistribution in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smal, F.; Englebienne, P.

    1976-01-01

    Owing to the juxtaposition of 4 ligands (2 SH groups + 2 COOH groups), dimercaptosuccinic acid has a strong chelating capacity which suits it for technetium 99 m labelling. The study is carried out in 2 stages: preparation and stability of the dimercaptosuccinic acid - stannous chloride complex (DMSA-Sn); biodistribution of DMSA-Sn-Tc99m complex in rats as a function of the following parameters: pH, relative stannous chloride and dimercaptosuccinic acid concentrations, TcO 4 volume added, injection time after labelling. The strong activity uptake obtained in rat kidneys represents a considerable step forward in the radioisotopic kidney examination and offers the prospect of clinical use [fr

  8. Preparation, quality control and physico-chemical properties of 99mTc-BAT-AV-45

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jiankang Zhang; Xingqin Zhou; Xiaofeng Qin

    2012-01-01

    One novel styrylpyridine derivatives(AV-45) coupled with 99m Tc complex was synthesized. 99m Tc-BAT-AV-45 was prepared by a ligand exchange reaction employing sodium glucoheptonate, and effects of the amount of ligand, stannous chloride, sodium glucoheptonate and pH value of reaction mixture on the radiolabeling yield were studied in details. Quality control was performed by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Besides the stability, partition coefficient and electrophoresis of 99m Tc-BAT-AV-45 were also investigated. The results showed that the average radiolabeling yield was (95 ± 1%) and 99m Tc-BAT-AV-45 with suitable lipophilicity was stable and uncharged at physiological pH. (author)

  9. Study of gels of molybdenum with cerium in the preparation of generators of 99Mo - 99mTc

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Moraes

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available 99mTc has ideal nuclear properties for organ imaging in nuclear medicine, and it is obtained from the 99Mo-99mTc generator. Four different types of generators are available: chromatographic that uses 99Mo from fission of uranium; MEK solvent extraction; Tc2O7 sublimation; gel chromatographic. This work presents the preparation of gel generators of molybdenum with cerium and characterization of the gels: mass ratio between molybdenum and cerium, structure, size of particles and elution percentage of 99mTc after irradiating the gels. Eight gels were prepared at the same temperature of 50 ºC with concentrations of NaOH of 2 and 4 mol/L, mass ratio of 0.31 and 0.38 and final pH of 3.5 and 4.5. The analysis of the results proved that these gels are not adequate for preparation of the generators of 99Mo-99mTc, since the elution percentages are low, when compared with the gel of molybdenum with zirconium.O 99mTc é o radiofármaco mais utilizado em Medicina Nuclear. Ele é obtido do gerador de 99Mo-99mTc e existem quatro tipos diferentes de geradores: cromatográfico que utiliza 99Mo de fissão; extração por solvente com MKT; sublimação do heptaóxido de tecnécio; cromatográfico tipo gel. Este trabalho apresenta a preparação de geradores tipo gel de molibdênio com cério, a caracterização desses géis com relação à quantidade de molibdênio e de cério, sua estrutura, tamanho das partículas e porcentagem de eluição do 99mTc após o gel ser irradiado. Foram preparados oito géis na temperatura de 50ºC com concentração de NaOH de 2 e 4 mol/L, relação de massa de 0,31 e 0,38 e pH final de 3,5 e 4,5. A análise dos resultados comprovou que esses géis não são adequados para preparação dos geradores de 99Mo-99mTc, já que as porcentagens de eluição são baixas, quando comparadas com o gel de molibdênio com zircônio.

  10. 99mTc-Alafosfalin: an antibiotic peptide infection imaging agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsopelas, C.; Penglis, S.; Ruszkiewicz, A.; Bartholomeusz, F.D.L.

    2003-01-01

    The radiolabeled antibiotic peptide 99m Tc-alafosfalin was assessed as an infection imaging agent in a rat model by comparison with 99m Tc-DTPA and 99m Tc-leukocytes. 99m Tc-alafosfalin was prepared via an instant cold kit and 99m Tc-leukocytes were prepared using 99m Tc-stannous fluoride colloid in an ex vivo labeling procedure of whole blood. In separate experiments, the three radiotracers were administered to rats infected with staphylococcus aureus. Quantitative biodistribution studies were performed as well as scintigraphic images and histopathology. 99m Tc-alafosfalin is a stable product, obtained in high radiochemical purity (>95%). This agent was mainly renally excreted, with low liver, spleen and bone uptake, and resulted in a mean ratio of infected/non-infected thighs of 4.3/1.0 at 4 hr post radiotracer injection. 99m Tc-DTPA gave a corresponding ratio of 1.9/1.0 and 99m Tc-leukocytes gave 20.0/1.0 at the same time point. An in vitro assay found the level of 99m Tc-alafosfalin binding to staphylococcus aureas higher than 99m Tc-DTPA (10% versus 1% respectively). 99m Tc-alafosfalin accumulates at sites of infection in a rat model better than the perfusion molecule 99m Tc-DTPA, yet less than 99m Tc-leukocytes. The distribution characteristics of this 99m Tc-antibiotic peptide would be an advantage in imaging abdominal and soft tissue infection

  11. Preparation of 99mTc-PQQE and preliminary biological evaluation for the NMDA receptor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Xingqin; Kong Yanyan; Zou Meifen; Zhang Jiankang; Cao Guoxian

    2013-01-01

    The 4, 5-dioxo-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo(2, 3-f)quinoline-2, 7, 9-tricarboxylic acid 2-ethyl ester 7, 9-dimethyl ester (PQQE) was synthesized on the basis of Pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ). 99m Tc-PQQE was prepared using stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ) as reducing agent. Biological characteristics of 99m Tc-PQQE include lipophilic and the charge properties were compared to 99m Tc-PQQ. The biodistributions of 99m Tc-PQQE in mice and brain regional distribution were performed. In vivo distribution of 99m Tc-PQQE in mice indicates that the concentration ratio of drug and blood increases steadily over time. The major radioactivity may be metabolized by the hepatic and renal system. The elimination-phase half-time (t1/2 β) results indicate that the residence time of 99m Tc-PQQE (203.92) in the body is twice as long as 99m Tc-PQQ (100.45)., The uptake of 99n Tc- P QQE in brain was improved due to the ameliorating of charge and lipophilicity. The highest total regional brain uptake of 99m Tc-PQQE was in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, where the NMDA receptor is very abundant. 99m Tc-PQQE had a good target to nontarget ratio (hippocampus/cerebellum) which preserved a higher value (peak 4.0 at 120 min) from 60 min to 180 min after injection. In vitro autoradiographic results are in close agreement with the regional brain map. The enrichment can be blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) redox modulatory site antagonists-ebselen (EB). This work suggests that 99m Tc-PQQE has some specific targeting to the NMDA receptor. (authors)

  12. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kubo, A; Isobe, Y; Kobayashi, T; (Keio Univ., Tokyo (Japan). School of Medicine); Kinoshita, Fumio; Shibata, Masayoshi

    1975-03-01

    /sup 198/Au-colloid has been widely used for liver scanning in Japan but it is not the best scanning agent because of the large exposure dose to the patient. The authors performed a few basic experiments with sup(99m)Tc-phytate, the preparation of which is very easy. The labeling efficiency was found to be 97.5% immediately after preparation and it remained fairly stable for a period of time. As a result, the compound can be used up to 6 hours after preparation without fear of chemical instability. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate was done on 116 patients and was compared with /sup 198/Au-colloid liver-scanning. Scans made with sup(99m)Tc were found to be superior to those made with /sup 198/Au in the resolution of surface defects in the liver, while at increasing depths the resolution with sup(99m)Tc dropped rapidly, apparently due to absorption of its relatively low energy photon. This indicates the importance of taking multidirectional views. The degrees of splenic concentration of sup(99m)Tc-phytate were fairly close to those of /sup 198/Au-colloid. Therefore, liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate is useful in the diagnostic evaluation of diffuse parenchymal liver disease.

  13. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kubo, Atsushi; Isobe, Yoshinori; Kobayashi, Takeshi; Kinoshita, Fumio; Shibata, Masayoshi.

    1975-01-01

    198 Au-colloid has been widely used for liver scanning in Japan but it is not the best scanning agent because of the large exposure dose to the patient. The authors performed a few basic experiments with sup(99m)Tc-phytate, the preparation of which is very easy. The labeling efficiency was found to be 97.5% immediately after preparation and it remained fairly stable for a period of time. As a result, the compound can be used up to 6 hours after preparation without fear of chemical instability. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate was done on 116 patients and was compared with 198 Au-colloid liver-scanning. Scans made with sup(99m)Tc were found to be superior to those made with 198 Au in the resolution of surface defects in the liver, while at increasing depths the resolution with sup(99m)Tc dropped rapidly, apparently due to absorption of its relatively low energy photon. This indicates the importance of taking multidirectional views. The degrees of splenic concentration of sup(99m)Tc-phytate were fairly close to those of 198 Au-colloid. Therefore, liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate is useful in the diagnostic evaluation of diffuse parenchymal liver disease. (auth.)

  14. Evaluation of the absorbed dose to the kidneys due to Tc99m (DTPA) / Tc99m (Mag3) and Tc99m (Dmsa)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vasquez A, M.; Murillo C, F.; Castillo D, C.; Rocha J, J.; Sifuentes D, Y.; Sanchez S, P.; Idrogo C, J.; Marquez P, F.

    2015-10-01

    The absorbed dose in the kidneys of adult patients has been assessed using the biokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals containing Tc 99m (DTPA) / Tc 99m (Mag3) or Tc 99m (Dmsa).The absorbed dose was calculated using the formalism MIRD and the Cristy-Eckerman representation for the kidneys. The absorbed dose to the kidneys due to Tc 99m (DTPA) / Tc 99m (Mag3), are given by 0.00466 mGy.MBq -1 / 0.00339 mGy.MBq -1 . Approximately 21.2% of the absorbed dose is due to the bladder (content) and the remaining tissue, included in biokinetics of Tc 99m (DTPA) / Tc 99m (Mag3). The absorbed dose to the kidneys due to Tc 99m (Dmsa) is 0.17881 mGy.MBq -1 . Here, 1.7% of the absorbed dose is due to the bladder, spleen, liver and the remaining tissue, included in biokinetics of Tc 99m (Dmsa). (Author)

  15. Preparation of chromatographic and solid-solvent extraction 99mTc generators using gel-type targets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Van So

    2000-01-01

    We have studied two types of targets zirconium-molybdate (ZrMo) and titanium-molybdate (TiMo) prepared by precipitating reaction between ammonium-molybdate and zirconium-chloride or titanium-chloride solutions, respectively. Other types of targets were also prepared by co-precipitating ZrMo or TiMo with hydrous manganese-dioxide, hydrous silica, and hydrous titanium-dioxide or by impregnated ZrMo or TiMo with Iodate anions. The results on extraction of Tc-99m from neutron irradiated TiMo solid phase using solvents such as MEK, aceton, ethylic ether, chloroform, etc showed that separation yield (SY) of Tc-99m in case of aceton extraction was from 70% to 80% and in other cases non higher than 40%. The Tc-99m elution curves and column kinetic in case of aceton extraction (after evaporation of aceton and recovery of Tc-99m in 0,9% NaCl solution) was superior than in case chromatographic generator using saline eluant. As result obtained, two types of generators were successfully prepared and put into use: Chromatographic generator using titanium-molybdate target as packing material and saline as eluant. Solid-solvent extraction 99m Tc generator using titanium-molybdate target (as solid phase) and aceton as extracting solvent. (author)

  16. Assessment of the direct cyclotron production of (99m)Tc: An approach to crisis management of (99m)Tc shortage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rovais, Mohammad Reza Aboudzadeh; Aardaneh, Khosro; Aslani, Gholamreza; Rahiminejad, Ali; Yousefi, Kamran; Boulouri, Fatemeh

    2016-06-01

    Nowadays, the cyclotron production of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) has been increased, due to the worldwide (99m)Tc generator shortage. In the present work, an improved strategy for the production of (99m)Tc, using the proton irradiation of the enriched (100)Mo was developed. The performance of this method in terms of the production yield, chemical purity, radiochemical purity, as well as radionuclide purity was evaluated. The average production yield was measured to be 356MBqμA(-1)h(-1). A good agreement was found between the calculated production yield and the experimental one. The radiochemical separation and total recovery yields of (99m)Tc were 92% and 69%, respectively. The radiochemical and the radionuclide purities of the (99m)Tc were 99% and >99.99% at the end of purification, respectively. The results of quality control tests (QC) support the concept that cyclotron-produced (99m)Tc is suitable for preparation of USP-compliant. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Novel Approach to Prepare {sup 99m}Tc-Based Multivalent RGD Peptides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shuang Liu

    2012-10-24

    This project presents a novel approach to prepare the {sup 99m}Tc-bridged multivalent RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate) peptides. This project will focus on fundamentals of {sup 99m}Tc radiochemistry. The main objective of this project is to demonstrate the proof-of-principle for the proposed radiotracers. Once a kit formulation is developed for preparation of the {sup 99m}Tc-bridged multivalent RGD peptides, various tumor-bearing animal models will be used to evaluate their potential for SPECT (single photon-emission computed tomography) imaging of cancer. We have demonstrated that (1) multimerization of cyclic RGD peptides enhances the integrin {alpha}{sub v}{beta}{sub 3} bonding affinity and radiotracer tumor uptake; (2) addition of G{sub 3} or PEG{sub 4} linkers makes it possible for two RGD motifs in 3P-RGD{sub 2} and 3G-RGD{sub 2} to achieve simultaneous integrin {alpha}{sub v}{beta}{sub 3} binding; and (3) multimers are actually bivalent (not multivalent), the presence of extra RGD motifs can enhance the tumor retention time of the radiotracer.

  18. Synthesis and formulation of {sup 99m} Tc-ECD radiopharmaceutical; Sintesis y formulacion del radiofarmaco {sup 99m} Tc-ECD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ocampo G, B E

    1998-06-01

    Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty which uses radioactive compounds (radionuclides) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. {sup 99m} Tc is the more common radionuclide used in many studies in nuclear medicine because its advantages: it has a photopeak of 140 KeV and a half-life of 6 hours; it can be eluted from a Molybdenum 99 generator, so radiopharmaceuticals can be prepared on site. Ethyl cysteine dimer (ECD) labelled with reduced Technetium 99m has been purposed recently as a promising radiopharmaceutical for brain perfusion imaging {sup 99m} Tc-ECD is a lipophilic neutral complex which cross the brain blood barrier and show high brain uptake. The objective of this work was synthesize and to design a freeze dried formulation for the instant preparation of {sup 99m} Tc-ECD complex useful for brain perfusion imaging. We obtained a freeze dried stable formulation for the preparation of {sup 99m} Tc-ECD kit with a radiochemical purity higher than 90 %, which fulfills with the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we developed analytic techniques for the determination of the different chemical compounds into the lyophilized kit. (Author).

  19. Preparation and biological characteristics of 99mTc-diol a renal agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Castanheira, I.; Paulo, A.; Neves, M.; Patricio, L.; Sawas-Dimopoulou, C.

    1993-01-01

    The present work concerns the production of 1,2-dihydroxypropyl-1-phosphonic acid (diol) by acid hydrolysis of (-cis) 1,2-epoxypropylphosphonic acid (phosphomycin), and its formation as a kit easily labeled with [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate. Biodistribution studies and whole-body autoradiographies in mice show that 99m Tc-diol has a specific affinity for the kidneys: it is rapidly cleared from the blood and excreted in urine. Part of the injected activity remains in the kidney cortex sufficiently long to permit kidney imaging. In comparison with other agents which also localize in the kidney cortex, such as 99m Tc-DMSA and 99m Tc-glucoheptonate ( 99m Tc-GHA), the main differences are the following: the peak of renal activity is reached early in the 5 min post-injection period for 99m Tc-diol, only at about 10 min post-injection for 99m Tc-GHA and after 3 h post-injection for 99m Tc-DMSA. The uptake of 99m Tc-diol by other organs, especially by bones, is much smaller than in the case of 99m Tc-DMSA. Unlike 99m Tc-DMSA, the biodistribution of 99m Tc-diol is not significantly influenced by acid-base imbalance. Moreover, the retention effect of hyperuricemia on 99m Tc-diol blood clearance and kidney excretion could be the result of a competition mechanism between this radiopharmaceutical and uric acid for a common transport system. The above biological characteristics suggest that 99m Tc-diol is a kidney radiopharmaceutical with an ability for functional and imaging studies. (author)

  20. Preparation and comparative evaluation of 99m Tc-HYNIC-cNGR and 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG2 -cNGR as tumor-targeting molecular imaging probes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vats, Kusum; Satpati, Drishty; Sharma, Rohit; Kumar, Chandan; Sarma, Haladhar Dev; Banerjee, Sharmila

    2018-02-01

    The tripeptide sequence asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) specifically recognizes aminopeptidase N (APN or CD13) receptors highly expressed on tumor cells and vasculature. Thus, NGR peptides can precisely deliver therapeutic and diagnostic compounds to CD13 expressing cancer sites. In this regard, 2 NGR peptide ligands, HYNIC-c(NGR) and HYNIC-PEG 2 -c(NGR), were synthesized, radiolabeled with 99m Tc, and evaluated in CD13-positive human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 tumor xenografts. The radiotracers, 99m Tc-HYNIC-c(NGR) and 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG 2 -c(NGR), could be prepared in approximately 95% radiochemical purity and exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo stability. The radiotracers were hydrophilic in nature with log P values being -2.33 ± 0.05 and -2.61 ± 0.08. The uptake of 2 radiotracers 99m Tc-HYNIC-c(NGR) and 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG 2 -c(NGR) was similar in nude mice bearing human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 tumor xenografts, which was significantly reduced (P Tc-labeled HYNIC peptide could not be modulated through introduction of PEG 2 unit, thus posing a challenge for studies with other linkers towards enhanced tumor uptake and retention. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  1. Neutral and stereospecific Tc-99m complexes: [99mTc]N-benzyl-3,4-di-(N-2-mercaptoethyl)-amino-pyrrolidines (P-BAT)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhuang Zhiping; Ploessl, Karl; Kung Meiping; Mu Mu; Kung, Hank F.

    1999-01-01

    Technetium-99m-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are currently the most commonly used agents in nuclear medicine. To prepare binding site-specific small molecules containing a Tc-99m complexing core, it is important to consider a ligand system, which selectively forms only one stereoisomer. A novel series of bisaminoethanethiol (BAT) derivatives as a model system were prepared. Stereoisomers of N-benzyl-3,4-di-(N-2-mercaptoethyl)-amino pyrrolidines (P-BAT): (3R,4R)-P-BAT (R,R-4) and (3,4)meso-P-BAT (8), the trans and meso isomer, respectively, as a chelating group were prepared successfully. The desired Tc-99m P-BAT complexes were obtained by using Sn(II)/glucoheptonate as the reducing agent for [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate. As predicted, after complexation with [ 99m Tc]Tc v O, the trans isomer, (3R,4R)-P-BAT (R,R-4), showed only one isomer; whereas the corresponding meso isomer, (3,4)meso-P-BAT (8), produced two distinctive complexes isolated readily by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The [ 99m Tc](R,S)meso-P-BAT (8) isomers showed a different lipophilicity (partition coefficient [P.C.]=54.3 and 55.4 for peak A and peak B, respectively), as compared with that of the corresponding [ 99m Tc](3R,4R)-P-BAT (R,R-4), trans isomer ( P.C.=163). Results of the biodistribution study in rats of these isomers show different heart and brain uptake, suggesting that the intrinsic differences in biodistribution are due to structural and stereospecific factors. Examples in this report confirm that it is possible to design stereospecific Tc-99m complexes based on the bisaminoethanethiol (N 2 S 2 , BAT) ligand system. Consideration on stereoselectivity of site-specific agents labeled with Tc-99m is likely an essential requirement on developing binding-site specific radiopharmaceuticals

  2. Bioavailability of {sup 99m}Tc-paclitaxel-glucuronide ({sup 99m}Tc-PAC-G)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Biber Muftuler, F.Z.; Demir, I.; Uenack, P.; Ichedef, C.; Yurt Kilcar, A. [Ege Univ., Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Nuclear Applications

    2011-07-01

    An antitumor agent paclitaxel (PAC) has been proved to be efficient in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer. Glucuronic acid-derived paclitaxel compound (paclitaxel-glucuronide (PAC-G)) was enzymatically synthesized using microsome preparate separated from rat livers. The biodistribution mechanism of PAC-G in healthy female Albino Wistar rats has been investigated. The expected structure is confirmed according to LC/MS results, and the possible attachment is to C2-hydroxyl group. PAC-G was labeled with {sup 99m}Tc and the radiochemical yield of radiolabeled compound ({sup 99m}Tc-PAC-G) was 98.0 {+-} 02.74% (n=9). The range of the breast/blood and breast/muscle ratios is approximately between 3 and 35 in 240 min. All these experimental studies indicate that {sup 99m}Tc-PAC-G may potentially be used in breast tissue as an imaging agent. (orig.)

  3. Development of 99Mo/99mTc Generator System for Production of Medical Radionuclide 99mTc using a Neutron-activated 99Mo and Zirconium Based Material (ZBM as its Adsorbent

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Saptiama

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Molybdenum produced from fission of U-235 is the most desirable precursor for 99Mo/99mTc generator system as it is non-carrier added and has high specific activity. However, in the last decade there has been short supply of 99Mo due to several constrains. Therefore, there have been many works performed for development of 99Mo/99mTc generator system using 99Mo which is not produced from either LEU or HEU. This report deals with development of 99Mo/99mTc generator system where zirconium-based material (ZBM is used as adsorbent of neutron-activated 99Mo. The system was prepared by firstly irradiating natural Mo in the G. A. Siwabessy reactor to produce neutron-activated 99Mo. The target was dissolved in NaOH 4N and then neutralized with 12 M HCl. The 99Mo solution was then mixed with a certain amount of ZBM followed by heating at 90°C for three hours to allow the 99Mo adsorbed on ZBM. The 99Mo-ZBM (9.36 GBq of 99Mo was Mo/ 4.2 g ZBM was packed on a fritz-glass column. This column was then fitted serially with an alumina column for trapping 99Mo breakthrough. The columns were then eluted daily with saline solution for up to one week. The yield of 99mTc was found to be between 53.7 – 74% (n= 5. All 99mTc eluates were clear solutions with pH of 5. Breakthrough of 99Mo in 99mTc eluates was found to be 0.031 ± 0.019 μCi 99Mo/ mCi 99mTc (n= 5 which was less than the maximum activity of 99Mo allowed in 99mTc solution ( 99%. Radiolabeling of this 99mTc towards methylene diphosphonate (MDP kit gave a radiolabelling efficiency of 99%. In summary, a new 99Mo/99mTc generator system that used neutron-activated 99Mo and ZBM as its adsorbent has been successfully prepared. The 99mTc produced from this new 99Mo/99mTc generator system attained the quality of 99mTc required for medical purposes.

  4. Evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid on liver scintigram

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matsuyuki, Y; Kanao, K; Honda, M; Ishihara, S [Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka (Japan)

    1975-04-01

    sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set were used for nuclear medical examination of the liver and their efficiency was discussed. Both sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set showed the same kinetics in vivo, and the sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid rapidly disappeared from the serum and concentrated to the liver and spleen. Comparing /sup 198/Au-colloid, sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid could be increased the administration dose, and provided easy examination within short time period, easy observation from multiple directions, and improvement of resolution by scinticamera. Imaging of the spleen with sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid was slightly superior to that with sup(99m)Tc-sulfur-colloid. sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution which required no procedure of labeling was evaluated as the most safe and easy technique. Side effects were not recognized. As the results, already made preparation, such as sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution, which provided easy preparation with less absorbed dose of the tissue and high resolution would be frequently required.

  5. Evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid on liver scintigram

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsuyuki, Yoshihiko; Kanao, Keisuke; Honda, Minoru; Ishihara, Shizumori

    1975-01-01

    sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set were used for nuclear medical examination of the liver and their efficiency was discussed. Both sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set showed the same kinetics in vivo, and the sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid rapidly disappeared from the serum and concentrated to the liver and spleen. Comparing 198 Au-colloid, sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid could be increased the administration dose, and provided easy examination within short time period, easy observation from multiple directions, and improvement of resolution by scinticamera. Imaging of the spleen with sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid was slightly superior to that with sup(99m)Tc-sulfur-colloid. sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution which required no procedure of labeling was evaluated as the most safe and easy technique. Side effects were not recognized. As the results, already made preparation, such as sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution, which provided easy preparation with less absorbed dose of the tissue and high resolution would be frequently required. (Mukohata, S.)

  6. Development, preparation and control of sup(99m)Tc or sup(113m)In labelled stannous hydroxide radiopharmaceuticals. Part of a coordinated programme on radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alvarez Cervera, J.

    1975-01-01

    The preparation of different sup(99m)Tc and sup(113m)In radiopharmaceuticals using stannous chloride was investigated. Chemical and radiochemical procedures for the quality control of these preparations were studied. Toxicity and biological controls of the preparation were carried out. Procedures for the preparation and control of the following radiopharmaceuticals have been standardized by the authors; albumin macroaggregates labelled with sup(99m)Tc, sup(113m)In and other isotopes for lung scanning; albumin microspheres labelled with sup(99m)Tc for lung scanning; sup(99m)Tc or sup(113m)In-labelled stannous hydroxide colloid for liver scanning; sup(99m)Tc-stannous phytate for liver scanning; sup(99m)Tc-Sn-dextrose, a new radiopharmaceutical which has been proposed by the authors and is now used in Mexico for renal and cerebral scanning and sup(99m)Tc-Sn pyrophosphate and diphosphonate for bone scanning

  7. 99mTc-EDTA and 99mTc-DTPA complexes as hydrological tracers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dominguez, J.; Borroto, J.; Nazco, J.; Perez, E.; Gamboa, R.; Cruz, J.

    2002-01-01

    The [ 99m Tc-DTPA] 2- and [ 99m Tc-EDTA] 1- were evaluated as radiotracers for short time hydrological studies. Their complex stability after labelling with 9.25 GBq of 99m Tc, the behaviour against pH variations, from 5 to 9, in simulated solutions and in natural river waters and the sorption of these compounds on the river sediments, were tested in laboratory experiments. Finally field double tracing experiments were carried out for each of labelling complexes and Rhodamine WT. From recovery calculations not losses of the 99m Tc activity were observed. The shape of the RTD curves of the [ 99m Tc-DTPA] 2- and [ 99m Tc-EDTA] 1 were quite similar to the Rhodamine Wt ones. May be concluded that both complexes behaved conservatively on the studied environmental conditions. (author)

  8. Pharmaceutical design and pharmacological characterization of Tc99m [99mTc] labelled somatostatin and gastrin analogues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guggenberg, E. von

    2004-10-01

    The development of regulatory peptide analogues radiolabelled with 99m Tc is of great interest for nuclear medicine applications, as 99m Tc shows very favourable imaging characteristics, such as low radiation burden to the patient, optimal image quality in SPECT, one-day-acquisition-protocol, availability on demand and cost effectiveness. In this work the principles of pharmaceutical design and preclinical pharmacological characterization of regulatory peptide analogues labelled with 99m Tc with possible application in tumour diagnosis are described. [ 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC0,Tyr3]octreotide ( 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-TOC) is a promising new radiopharmaceutical with the potential to replace [ 111 In-DTPA0]octreotide in receptor scintigraphy of somatostatin receptor-positive tumours. Radiolabelling at high labelling yields and high specific activities could be obtained applying a coligand exchange labelling approach from tricine for EDDA under optimized conditions of pH, EDDA and stannous ion concentration. The resulting complex was characterized via HPLC, receptor binding and LC-MS. For the development of a freeze-dried kit formulation with long shelf-life, high stability of the final preparation and retained biological activity, the addition of bulking agent, the pH of the freeze-drying solution and the content of stannous chloride were of major importance. Different methods of radiochemical purity testing were evaluated to guarantee high quality of the preparation in a clinical setting, forming the basis for a further clinical evaluation of this promising new radiopharmaceutical. Radiolabelling of [D-Glu1]minigastrin (MG) with 99m Tc was studied applying two different labelling approaches. HYNIC-MG could be labelled using tricine and EDDA as coligands; and (Nalpha-His)Ac-MG was used as tridentate ligand for the 99m Tc carbonyl core. Stability experiments by HPLC analysis in PBS, serum, histidine- and cysteine-solutions as well as rat liver and kidney homogenates, receptor

  9. Tc-99m Ethylenedicysteine and Tc-99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scintigraphy-Comparison of the Two for Detection of Scarring and Differential Cortical Function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dharmalingam, Anitha; Pawar, Shwetal U; Parelkar, Sandesh V; Shetye, Suruchi S; Ghorpade, Mangala K; Tilve, Gundu H

    2017-01-01

    The differential cortical function obtained by Tc-99m EC is comparable to that of Tc-99m DMSA. However, identification of scars on Tc-99m EC images needs to be studied. The aim of the study is to evaluate role of Tc-99m EC for detection of scarring and differential cortical function by comparing with Tc-99m DMSA. Prospective observational study of recurrent UTI; minimum 6 weeks after acute episode; when urine examination is negative for pus cells. Forty-seven children with normal positioned kidneys underwent Tc-99m EC and DMSA scintigraphy. The DRF and cortical phase images of both studies in the same image matrix size were evaluated by two independent observers for scarring; Tc-99m DMSA was considered as the gold standard. MS Excel 2007 and GraphPad Instat V3.1 and ROC analysis. There was no significant difference in the detection of scarring using two studies with Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) 0.932. The sensitivity and specificity of Tc-99m EC for detection of scarring was 98.75% and 99.15%, respectively. There was good agreement between the differential cortical function calculated using two studies. The summed Tc-99m EC images with an acceptable high image contrast allow detection of cortical scarring in patients with normal kidney positions. It is an excellent single-modality comprehensive investigational agent for renal parenchymal defects, function, and excretion evaluation with the added advantages of lower cost, convenience, and low radiation exposure to the child.

  10. Comparative biological evaluation between 99mTc tricarbonyl and 99mTc-Sn(II) levosalbutamol as a β2-adrenoceptor agonist

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanad, Mahmoud H.; Borai, Emad H.

    2015-01-01

    This study describes the comparison between 99m Tc-tricarbonyl and 99m Tc-Sn (II) levosalbutamol as a β 2 -adrenoceptors radiopharmaceutical and evaluation of their different biological characteristics using experimental animals. Levosalbutamol was labeled firstly with 99m Tc in the presence of SnCl 2 . 2H 2 O as a reducing agent under the optimum conditions: pH 8, 50 μg SnCl 2 . 2H 2 O, room temperature, 40 μg levosalbutamol and 30 min reaction time to give a maximum radiochemical yield of 98 ± 0.1%. The obtained 99m Tc-levosalbutamol was stable for a time up to 8 h. Secondly, 99m Tc-tricarbonyl ([ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] + ) levosalbutamol was prepare under 30 min heating at 100 C. Labeling yield and stability were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (labeling yield >99% and stability for 8 h). Biodistribution investigation showed that, the maximum uptake ratio of the 99m Tc-levosalbutamol ( 99m Tc-Lev) between lung and heart was 2.34 ± 0.62 % of the injected activity/g tissue organ, at 30 min post-injection. But in case of 99m Tc-tricarbonyl levosalbutamol ( 99m Tc-tricarbonyl Lev) the maximum uptake ratio was 3.6 ± 0.11 of the injected activity/g tissue organ, at 30 min post-injection. This indicates that 99m Tc-tricarbonyl levosalbutamol was more selective for lung β 2 -adrenoceptors than 99m Tc-levosalbutamol. These results introduce 99m Tc-tricarbonyl levosalbutamol as a novel potential radiopharmaceutical for lung imaging.

  11. Evaluation of the absorbed dose to the kidneys due to Tc{sup 99m} (DTPA) / Tc{sup 99m} (Mag3) and Tc{sup 99m} (Dmsa); Evaluacion de la dosis absorbida en los rinones debido al Tc{sup 99m} (DTPA) / Tc{sup 99m} (MAG3) y Tc{sup 99m} (DMSA)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vasquez A, M.; Murillo C, F.; Castillo D, C.; Rocha J, J.; Sifuentes D, Y.; Sanchez S, P. [Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II s/n, Trujillo (Peru); Idrogo C, J.; Marquez P, F., E-mail: marvva@hotmail.com [Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Av. Angamos 2520, Lima (Peru)

    2015-10-15

    The absorbed dose in the kidneys of adult patients has been assessed using the biokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals containing Tc{sup 99m} (DTPA) / Tc{sup 99m} (Mag3) or Tc{sup 99m} (Dmsa).The absorbed dose was calculated using the formalism MIRD and the Cristy-Eckerman representation for the kidneys. The absorbed dose to the kidneys due to Tc{sup 99m} (DTPA) / Tc{sup 99m} (Mag3), are given by 0.00466 mGy.MBq{sup -1} / 0.00339 mGy.MBq{sup -1}. Approximately 21.2% of the absorbed dose is due to the bladder (content) and the remaining tissue, included in biokinetics of Tc{sup 99m} (DTPA) / Tc{sup 99m} (Mag3). The absorbed dose to the kidneys due to Tc{sup 99m} (Dmsa) is 0.17881 mGy.MBq{sup -1}. Here, 1.7% of the absorbed dose is due to the bladder, spleen, liver and the remaining tissue, included in biokinetics of Tc{sup 99m} (Dmsa). (Author)

  12. A review of sup(99m)Tc generator technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Molinski, V.J.

    1982-01-01

    The sup(99m)Tc generator has found widespread use because it is ideally suited for scintigraphy. The preparation of sup(99m)Tc generators using alumina and other ion exchange systems is described. Other methods of separating 99 Mo and sup(99m)Tc, such as solvent extraction and sublimation, are also discussed. Some of the problems associated with the alumina column type sup(99m)Tc generator are listed with possible causes and solutions to their problems. The current biomedical applications of the sup(99m)Tc radioisotope are the basis of a $100 million nuclear medicine business. The importance of the sup(99m)Tc generator makes it imperative that we understand and solve the problems associated with its manufacture. (author)

  13. Magnesium-Molybate Compounds as Matrix for 99Mo/99mTc Generators

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiola Monroy-Guzman

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available This work reports the preparation of a 99mTc generator based on conversion of 99Mo produced by neutron irradiation, into insoluble magnesium 99Mo-molybdates compounds as matrix. The effect of magnesium salt types and concentration, Mg:Mo molar ratios, pH of molybdate solutions, eluate volume as well as the addition order of molybdate and magnesium solutions’ influences on the final 99mTc were evaluated. Polymetalates and polymolybdates salts either crystallized or amorphous were obtained depending on the magnesium salt and Mg:Mo molar ratio used in matrix preparation. 99Mo/99mTc generator production based on magnesium-99Mo molybdate compounds allow reduction of preparation time and eliminates the use of specialized installations. The best generator performances were attained using matrices prepared from 0.1 mol/L MgCl2·6H2O solutions, ammonium molybdate solutions at pH 7 and at a Mg:Mo molar ratio of 1:1.

  14. Sup(99m)Tc compounds for diagnostic purposes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cifka, J.; Budsky, F.

    1980-01-01

    The applications of sup(99m)Tc in nuclear medicine are discussed, such as sodium pertechnetate in thyroid and brain scintigraphy, complex compounds in lungs and liver diao.nosis. Technetium generators are classified according to the method of separating sup(99m)Tc from 99 Mo. Adsorption generators are used, molybdate-99 is adsorbed on an Al 2 O 3 -packed column while pertechnetate-99m is eluted with 0.9% NaCl solution. Also used is continuous pertechnetate-99m extraction with methyl ethyl ketone from 0.5 M potassium molybdate and 2.5 M of potassium carbonate. The manufacture is described of kits for sup(99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals preparation, eg., Diagos I, a gluconate complex, a lyophilisate for sup(99m)Tc-sodium pyrophosphate injections, a diagnostic kit for lung scintiscanning. (H.S.)

  15. Study of the properties of sup(99m)Tc-DTPA-ferroascorbinate and sup(99m)Tc-dextrose as radiopharmaceuticals for renal scintiscanning

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salambashev, L.; Konstantinov, P.; Ketskarova, S.; Kovacheva, S.; Babeva, S.

    1979-01-01

    Description is made of an own method for labelling of the complex DTPA-ferroascorbinate and dextrose with sup(99m)Tc for the purpose of renal scintiscanning. Experimental investigations on rabbits were carried out, and afterwards conventional scintiscanning and follow-up of the intake into the renal parenchyma by means of gamma camera were performed on 15 patients. The observations revealed that sup(99m)Tc-DTPA-ferroascorbinate was more rapidly excreted (40 min to 2 h following the intravenous administration). For this reason it is more convenient for gamma camera examination, while sup(99m)Tc-dextrose is fixing more lastingly in the parenchyma and respons to all requirements with respect to radiopharmaceuticals for conventional renal scintiscanning. (author)

  16. Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) - the most true and convenient method for the determination of radiochemical purity of Tc-99m Labeled radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anwar-Ul-Azim, M.; Ansari, M.I.H.

    2007-01-01

    Full text: Determination of radiochemical purity usually involves paper chromatography method or some column chromatography such as ion exchange or gel filtration technique. In this study, a modified chromatography method with thin-layer support called instant thin Layer chromatography (ITLC) was used for the measurement of radiochemical purity. The aim of the study was to present instant thin layer chromatography-Silica-Gel (ITLC-SG) technique as a fairly rapid , convenient and inexpensive system for the screening of radiochemical impurities of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals resulting from physical , chemical and/or radiation decomposition. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Dhaka for a period of 10 months from August '05 to May '06. Radiochemical purity of seven types of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, namely 99mTc-DTPA,99mTc- MI I, 99m Tc - HDP, 99m Tc - DMSA, 99m Tc - Tetofosmin, 99mTc-Fyton and 99mTc-ECD were measured by the use of two solvent dual-instant thin layer chromatography systems. Commercially available instant thin layer chromatography plate ( 20cm x20cm) impregnated with silica gel (ITLC-SG: Merck, Germany) was used as a stationary phase for the measurement of radiochemical impurities.Acetone, Ethyl methyl ketone, chloroform and methanol were used to measure the amount of free pertechnetate in the labelled radiopharmaceuticals and 0.9% saline was used in all cases as solvent (Mobile phase) to measure the amount of the hydrolyzed-reduced technetium colloid. Results: The results showed that the measured radiochemical purity of 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-MIBI, 99mTc-HDP, 99mTc-DMSA, 99mTc-Tetofosmin, 99mTc-Fyton and 99mTc-ECD were acceptable for all the studied samples except two samples of 99mTc-MIBI, one sample of 99mTc-Fyton and two samples of 99mTc-ECD, where the measured radiochemical purity were not within the acceptable RCP limits of commonly used radiopharmaceuticals (RCP

  17. Preparation of i.v. 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals from spent moly 99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noronha, O.P.D.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: Expiry dating is an important quality assurance precept in (radio) pharmacy. There are occasions when for the sake of patient service one may be forced to continue using an over aged source of 99 Mo to generate 99m Tc beyond 7d, especially when there is short/no supply of 99 Mo, (In the early days the expiry date was 3 d or 3 extractions, whichever one was earlier). With the passage of time a few physico-chemical changes (apart from decay) do occur in the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc milieu. The cocktail also begins to contain traces of carried over MEK which is subjected to strong β-, γ irradiation. These impurity (in trace amounts) is soluble in MEK and even, to an extent, in aqueous media. Furthermore, the concentrated impurity tends to seemingly increase in the bulk 99m TcO 4 - since one is compelled to leach TcO 4 - in lower volume of saline. On many occasions we have been constrained to extend the use of 99 Mo beyond 7 - 14 d. Adequate activities were obtained by pooling the previous week's lot of 99 Mo with the current over aged lot. On a few occasions over the past 26 years we have used 99 Mo much beyond 14 d and 2 - 3 occasions for 26 - 28 d (i.e. >10 t 1 /2 of 99 Mo). On each of these occasions the purity of 99m TcO- 4 was ascertained by pharmacopoeial procedures. It was found that despite depleting activities, the purity was not compromised and the trace impurities, even if present, did not cause any interference. We have profitably utilised the bulk TcO- 4 to formulate a variety of i.v. dosage forms of 99m Tc radiodiagnostics. The following strategy was adopted for the patient services - the agents requiring larger activity levels/patients dose were made available in the earlier period, the other during the latter half. It is concluded that pure 99m TcO- 4 can be obtained over the entire useful life-period of 99 Mo, even > 10t l/2

  18. Study on the preparation of methylene diphosphonate (MDP) labeling with 99mTc for bone scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen Thi Thu; Le Van So; Vo Thi Cam Hoa; Bui Van Cuong; Mai Phuoc Tho; Pham Ngoc Dien; Duong Van Dong; Chu Van Khoa

    2005-01-01

    The 99m Tc-MDP kit was prepared by using aseptic technique. The composition of MDP invivo kit including 5 mg MDP, 0.5 mg stannous chloride, 0.5 mg ascorbic acid and 5 mg sodium chloride. The kit produces 99m Tc-MDP with more than 95% labelling efficiency at pH 6-7 when mixed with requisite amount of 99m Tc-pertechnetate. The preparation has been found sterity, pyrogen free, to be sufficiency stable invitro as well as invivo, blood clearance. After intravenous administrations abound 50% of the dose is accumulated and retained by the skeleton. The kit provides quality product in high yield, more stable than other phosphonate kit, high bone uptake. High avidity of 99m Tc-MDP for bone imaging makes it a promising agent for the detection of bone diseases. (author)

  19. 99mTc labeling of the scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) antivenom

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cardoso, D.S.; Nunan, E.A.; Toledo, V.P.C.P.; Moraes-Santos, T.; Cardoso, V.N.

    2008-01-01

    F(ab') 2 is the fragment involved in the immunotherapy for scorpion stings and it would be convenient to label it with 99m Tc for organ distribution and pharmacokinetics studies. The aim of the present study was to label scorpion antivenom F(ab') 2 with 99m Tc keeping its biological activity, integrity and stability. High labeling yield was obtained using stannous chloride and sodium borohydride. Stability, immunoreactivity and integrity of 99m Tc-F(ab') 2 was preserved. It was not observed any difference between potencies of unlabeled and labeled antivenom. 99m Tc-F(ab') 2 can be a useful tool for use in biodistribution and pharmacokinetics studies on the evaluation of the efficacy of the antivenom against scorpion envenomation. (author)

  20. Preparation and evaluation of 99mTc-cefuroxime, a potential infection specific imaging agent: A reliable thin layer chromatographic system to delineate impurities from the 99mTc-antibiotic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Ghosh, Mayuri; Sett, Sucharita; Das, Malay Kanti; Chandra, Susmita; De, Kakali; Mishra, Mridula; Sinha, Samarendu; Ranjan Sarkar, Bharat; Ganguly, Shantanu

    2012-01-01

    Technetium-99m labelled cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic and potential bacteria specific infection imaging agent was evaluated. A good radiochemical purity (95%) of the labelled product was obtained after filtering the reaction mixture through a 0.22 μm filter. Scintigraphy study of the purified product showed uptake in infectious lesions 45 min after injection and abscess-to-muscle ratios were found to be 1.80, 1.85 and 1.88 at 45 min, 1.5 hr and 3 hr, respectively. A versatile and reliable chromatographic technique to assess the radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-cefuroxime has also been described. - Highlights: ► Preparation of 99m Tc-cefuroxime in presence of Sn-tartrate as reducing agent. ► Physiochemical and biological evaluation of 99m Tc-cefuroxime. ► A versatile and reliable chromatographic technique to assess the radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-cefuroxime.

  1. Characterization of sup(99m)Tc/sup(99)Tc-hydroxycarboxylic acid chelates by high voltage electrophoresis without supporting material

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoffmann, I.; Muenze, R.; Dreyer, I.; Dreyer, R.

    1982-01-01

    Ion mobilities of different sup(99m)Tc- and 99 Tc chelates prepared by reduction of pertechnetate by Sn(II) in the presence of citric, malic, tartaric, gluconic, and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid as ligands have been measured by means of electrophoresis without supporting material. All the chelates investigated proved to be anions in the pH range of 2-7. Both the Tc(V)- and Tc(IV) compounds with the same ligand including the sup(99m)Tc preparation show identical ion mobilities and dissociation characteristics. (author)

  2. Scintigraphic findings on 99mTc-MDP, 99mTc-sestamibi and 99mTc-HMPAO images in Gaucher's disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mariani, G.; Molea, N.; La Civita, L.; Porciello, G.; Lazzeri, E.; Ferri, C.

    1996-01-01

    We report here on the use of the lipophilic cationic complex technetium-99m sestamibi ( 99m Tc-MIBI), employed as an indicator of increased cellular density and metabolic activity, to evaluate Gaucher cell infiltrates in the bone marrow; 99m Tc-hexametazime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO) was also employed, as a pure indicator of lipidic infiltration in the bone marrow. A 67-year-old patient with known type 1 Gaucher's disease presented with a painful left hip and knee and difficulty in gait subsequent to traumatic fracture of the left femoral neck that had required implant of a fixation screw-plaque. Bone scan with 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate revealed reduced uptake at the distal metaphyseal-epiphyseal femoral region. In addition, whole-body maps and spot-view acquisitions of the thighs and legs were recorded at both 30 min and 2.5 h after the injection of 99m Tc-MIBI: the scintigraphic pattern clearly showed increased uptake at several sites involved by Gaucher deposits in the bone marrow (both knees, with variable intensity in different areas), matching the bone changes detected by conventional x-ray. The target to non-target ratios slowly decreased with time, from an average value of 2.25 in the early scan to an average value of 2 in the delayed scan. The lipid-soluble agent 99m Tc-HMPAO exhibited a superimposable scintigraphic pattern of accumulation at the involved sites, though with lower target to non-target ratios (1.27-1.48). The results obtained in this patient suggest a potential role of 99m Tc-MIBI in the scintigraphic evaluation of Gaucher's lipid deposits in the bone marrow. If the results are confirmed in other patients, this radiopharmaceutical would offer clear advantages over 133 Xe because of its wider availability and greater practicality (i.v. administration of 99m Tc-MIBI versus inhalation of 133 Xe, and use of a single gamma camera instead of two as with 133 Xe). (orig.). With 3 figs

  3. Minimizing Molybdenum 99 contamination in Technetium 99m Pertechnetate from the elution of 99Mo/ 99m Tc Generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zakaria Ibrahim; Zulkifli Hashim; Bohari Yaacob

    2011-01-01

    Radioisotope Tc-99m is widely used for variety of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. For many commercial applications, it is prepared in a portable type generator. Nuclear Malaysia has been producing a dry type alumina chromatographic column generator utilizing fission Mo-99. This injectable Tc-99m must meet the British Pharmacopeia [1] product specification prior to be apply on patient. This paper provides a method to minimize the up to acceptable level Mo-99 in the final product. Purposely made pertechnetate contaminated with Mo-99 and re-eluate by using old generator. Excellent removal of Mo-99 impurity was achieved and more than 80 % of Tc-99m total activity was recovered. (author)

  4. Preparation of a sup(99m) Tc generator for use in nuclear medicine, using calcinated (10000C) alumina as an adsorber for 99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gasiglia, H.T.; Enoshita, M.

    1980-12-01

    The preparation of 99 sup(m) Tc generator using calcinated (1000 0 C) alumina as adsorber for 99 Mo is described. The adsorption of 99 Mo and the elution of 99 sup(m) Tc were studied. When the generator is autoclaved (30 minutes, 121 0 C), after the loading of 99 Mo, elution yields of 99 sup(m) Tc fall to the half if compared whith generators not autoclaved. However, by autoclaving 99 Mo loading solution and alumina column separately and than preparing the generator, 80% elution yields of 99 sup(m) Tc were obtained. The contamination of the generator by microorganism is avoided when the loading of the 99 Mo is carried out in a hot-cell under UV ligth. The radioactive, radiochemical, chemical and microbiological purity criteria were examined for 99 sup(m) Tc solutions. The generator is considered safe for medical purposes. (Author) [pt

  5. Preparation, radiochemical analysis and biodistribution of 99mTc-dihydrobis(1-pyrazolyl)borate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Owunwanne, A.; Abdel-Dayem, H.; Yacoub, T.

    1987-01-01

    Optimum preparation of 99m Tc-dihydrobis(1-pyrazolyl)borate ( 99m Tc-HBPz 2 ) was done by mixing 1.4 mg/ml HBPz 2 and 1.0 mg/ml of stanous PYP. Radiochemical analysis of the preparation using paper chromatography (PC), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated a stable product with one major component. The labelling efficiency was approximately 90%. Animal biodistribution studies performed in mice showed that most of the injected radioactivity was confined to the liver, kidney, lungs, intestine and heart. The heart to blood ratio was small but persisted up to 3 hrs. after the injection. (orig.) [de

  6. 99mTc-Tetrofosmin scintimammography in suspected breast cancer patients: comparison with 99mTc-MIBI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Seong Jang; Kim, In Ju; Kim, Yong Ki; Bae, Young Tae

    2000-01-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic role of 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin in detection of breast cancer and compared with that of 99m Tc-MIBI. Forty-eight patients with a clinically palpable mass or abnormal mammographic or ultrasonographic findings had 99m Tc-MIBI and 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin scintimammographies after intravenous injection of 925 MBq of radiopharmaceuticals. The scintimammographs were correlated with histopathologic findings. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with breast cancer and 15 patients with benign breast diseases. The numbers of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases of 99m Tc-MIBI scintimammography were 29, 10, 5, and 4 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 99m Tc-MIBI scintimammographies were 87.8%, 66.7%, 85.3%, and 71.4% respectively. The numbers of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases of 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin were 31, 10, 5, and 2 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin were 93.9%, 66.7%, 86.1%, and 73.3% respectively. One patient was false negative in both 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin scintimammographies and its size was 0.5cm. 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin and 99m Tc-MIBI were non-invasive and useful in detection of breast cancer and 99m Tc-Tetrofosmin was comparable to the 99m Tc-MIBI in detection of primary breast cancer.=20

  7. 99m-technetium tetrofosmin and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in pre-surgical breast cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piperkova, E.; Gavrilov, I.; Timcheva, K.; Garanina, Z.; Aleksandrova, E.; Katerinski, K.; Dimitrova, M.

    2004-01-01

    data was compared with mammography and histological findings. Semi-quantitative analysis was carried out by drawing regions of interest over the lesion and background so as to calculate T/B (tumour / background) or N/B (node / background) ratios. With Tc-99m TF, a total of 25 true positive breast and 11 lymph node lesions could be identified. Primary breast lesion was detected in one patient having palpable lymph node but non-palpable breast lump. Seven patients showed diffuse non-homogeneous uptake of TF with T/B ratio less than 1.4. T/B and N/B ratio of >1.45 was considered to represent malignancy. Tc-99m MDP SMM did not show any false negative result. In the early images, the tumour was recognized as a well-defined focus of increased uptake but decreased in intensity in later images. On WBBS painless bone metastases were detected in two patients thus changing stage from IIa to IV. Tc-99m TF SMM was positive in 6 patients in stage 1, 8 in IIa, 1 in I?b, 9 in IIIa and 2 in stage IV patients. All patients of stage IIIa received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, using FEC protocol (5-Fluorouracil, Epirubicin/Farmarubicin and Cyclophosphamide). After completion of four courses, 4 patients did not show the tracer uptake on repeat SMM. Our data of Tc-99m TF SMM showed sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity 98.3%, accuracy 98%, PPV 97% and NPV of 98%. The results of this study confirm the utility of Tc-99m TF SMM in the management of patients with breast lesions. This radiopharmaceutical may be a convenient alternative to 99mTc-sestamibi because no boiling is required in its preparation. In conclusion, our study suggests that 99mTc-TF and 99mTc-MDP scintigraphies are useful tools to stage the breast cancer and predict prognosis. (author)

  8. Fast, on the spot preparation of pure [99mTc] TRODAT-1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toth, G.; Koernyei, J.; Pavics, L.; Csiszar, M.; Szakonyi, Z.; Fueloep, F.

    2002-01-01

    Full text: Based on our experience a reliable preparation of the known dopamine transporter imaging agent, [ 99m Tc]TRODAT-1 could only be performed by including purification step, independently whichever published labeling method was tried. The aim of our study was to find an easy, on the spot preparation technique ensuring a stable radiochemical purity over 95 %. The precursor compound was prepared according the literature. Two series of one vial kits were aseptically prepared using 100 and 50 micrograms of free ligand. Reconstitution of the vials were carried out with 1 - 3 GBq [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate ( 100 o C, 30 min). The crude reaction mixtures were applied onto a preconditioned C 18-SepPak Light cartridge (Waters). After washing the solid phase with 15 ml of 1:50 ethanol / saline, the radioactive complex was eluted with 1 ml of 1:1 ethanol / saline solution. The separation efficiencies were monitored by dose calibrator measurements, while the radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC. All of the recorded HPLC radio-chromatograms exhibited three different peaks in the unpurified reaction mixture: peak-1 was identified as a mixture of hydrophilic technetium complexes, peak-2 was assumed as decomposition product of peak-3 ([ 99m Tc]TRODAT-1 diastereomers). It was found for both series of kits that the ratio of impurity peaks (peak-1 and 2) was increased with rising the 99m Tc activity over 1.5 GBq. Using activities below this limit, the peak ratios indicated individual features for each series. Higher ligand concentration resulted about 1:1 ratio of peak-1 and peak-2 while the amount of peak-3 was between 65 % to 95 %. The total amount of impurity peaks were significantly higher (40 to 60 %) for lower ligand concentration, but peak-2 was negligible (1 - 2 %) in this case. With introducing C18-SepPak purification step we were able to remove peak-1 completely from both series of reaction mixtures while the amount of peak-2 had been increased slightly only. The

  9. Towards kit formulation of 99mTc labelled somatostatin receptor binding peptides of high specific activity for tumour localization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Behe, M.; Powell, P.; Maecke, H.R.

    2001-01-01

    The project aimed to develop 99m Tc octreotide analogue for use in nuclear oncology. Several attempts to label SRIF analogues with 99m Tc have used a direct labelling approach but, for this project, HYNIC was chosen as a technetium ligand. A comparison of two different SRIF analogues designed for high specific activity labelling with 99m Tc was done. HYNIC-Octreotide and HYNIC-TOC were prepared and a kit formulation that can be labelled conveniently is currently being studied in a clinical setting. (author)

  10. Targeting osteomyelitis with complete [99mTc]besilesomab and fragmented [99mTc]sulesomab antibodies: kinetic evaluations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    GRATZ, Stefan; KEMKE, Bendix; KEIZE, Patrik; KAMPEN, Wim U.; LUSTER, Markus; HÖFFKEN, Helmut

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the targeting of “pure” osteomyelitis (i.e., without surrounding soft tissue infection) by directly 99mTc-labelled complete immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal antibody (MAb) ([99mTc]besilesomab) and by directly 99mTc-labelled fragment antigen-binding (FAb) MAb ([99mTc]sulesomab) in relation to their kinetic fate. A total of 73 patients with “pure” osteomyelitis were examined with [99mTc]besilesomab, (Scintimun®, IBA/CIS bio international, Saclay, France; N.=38) and [99mTc]sulesomab (LeukoScan®, Immunomedics Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA; N.=35). Kinetic data were deduced from whole-body and single-photon emission computed tomographic scans, performed 10 minutes to 24 hour p.i. (region-of-interest technique [ROI]). In targeting “pure” osteomyelitis, sensitivities at 1-4 hours were found to be higher for [99mTc]sulesomab (44% and 80% for [99mTc]besilesomab and [99mTc]sulesomab, respectively) but at significantly lower target/background (T/B) ratios than with [99mTc]besilesomab (1.8±0.3 versus 1.4±0.5 for [99mTc]besilesomab and [99mTc]sulesomab respectively; P<0.01). With [99mTc]besilesomab, there was a continuous osteomyelitis uptake over 24 hours, whereas with [99mTc]sulesomab, the maximal uptake occurred mostly within 1-4 hours, with subsequent clearance being slower for antigen-bound activity than for nonspecific background. Hence, diagnosis was possible mostly after 4h with [99mTc]sulesomab but often not before 24 hours with [99mTc]besilesomab, the later increasing significantly (P<0.01) in sensitivity (87% and 84% for [99mTc]besilesomab and [99mTc]sulesomab, respectively). These results show that the higher sensitivity of [99mTc]sulesomab in osteomyelitis targeting at earlier p.i. times does not rely on an increased antibody uptake but on a more rapid clearance of nonspecific background activity due to faster metabolism and excretion. Intact [99mTc]besilesomab show a slow, continuous uptake

  11. Comparison of relative renal function measured with either 99m Tc-DTPA or 99m Tc-EC dynamic scintigraphies with that measured with 99m Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Domingues, F.C.; Fujikawa, G.Y.; Decker, H.; Alonso, G.; Pereira, J.C.; Duarte, P.S. [Centro de Diagnostico Fleury, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Secao de Medicina Nuclear; Sao Paulo Univ. (USP), SP (Brazil). Escola de Saude Publica. Dept. de Epidemiologia]. E-mail: paulo.duarte@fleury.com.br

    2006-07-15

    Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the renal function measured with either {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA or {sup 99m}Tc-EC dynamic scintigraphies with that measured using {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy. Methods: the values of relative renal function measured in 111 renal dynamic scintigraphies performed either with {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA (55 studies) or with {sup 99m}Tc-EC (56 studies) were compared with the relative function measured using {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy performed within a 1-month period. The comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The number of {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA and {sup 99m}Tc-EC studies that presented relative renal function different by more than 5% from that measured with {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA, using chi square test were also compared. Results: the relative renal function measured with {sup 99m}Tc-EC is not statistically different from that measured with {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA (p = 0.97). The relative renal function measured with {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA was statistically different from that measured using {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA, but with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05). The number of studies with relative renal function different by more than 5% from that measured with {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA is higher for the {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA scintigraphy (p 0.04) than for {sup 99m}Tc-EC. Conclusion: the relative renal function measured with {sup 99m}Tc-EC dynamic scintigraphy is comparable with that measured with {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy, while the relative renal function measured with {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA dynamic scintigraphy presents a significant statistical difference from that measured with {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy. (author)

  12. Comparison of relative renal function measured with either 99m Tc-DTPA or 99m Tc-EC dynamic scintigraphies with that measured with 99m Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Domingues, F.C.; Fujikawa, G.Y.; Decker, H.; Alonso, G.; Pereira, J.C.; Duarte, P.S.; Sao Paulo Univ.

    2006-01-01

    Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the renal function measured with either 99m Tc-DTPA or 99m Tc-EC dynamic scintigraphies with that measured using 99m Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy. Methods: the values of relative renal function measured in 111 renal dynamic scintigraphies performed either with 99m Tc-DTPA (55 studies) or with 99m Tc-EC (56 studies) were compared with the relative function measured using 99m Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy performed within a 1-month period. The comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The number of 99m Tc-DTPA and 99m Tc-EC studies that presented relative renal function different by more than 5% from that measured with 99m Tc-DMSA, using chi square test were also compared. Results: the relative renal function measured with 99m Tc-EC is not statistically different from that measured with 99m Tc-DMSA (p = 0.97). The relative renal function measured with 99m Tc-DTPA was statistically different from that measured using 99m Tc-DMSA, but with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05). The number of studies with relative renal function different by more than 5% from that measured with 99m Tc-DMSA is higher for the 99m Tc-DTPA scintigraphy (p 0.04) than for 99m Tc-EC. Conclusion: the relative renal function measured with 99m Tc-EC dynamic scintigraphy is comparable with that measured with 99m Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy, while the relative renal function measured with 99m Tc-DTPA dynamic scintigraphy presents a significant statistical difference from that measured with 99m Tc-DMSA static scintigraphy. (author)

  13. Electrolytic preparation of sup(99m)Tc human serum albumin using tin electrodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Narasimhan, D.V.S.; Mani, R.S.

    1975-01-01

    A method for labelling human serum albumin [HSA] with sup(99m)Tc using electrolytically generated Sn/II/ ions has been developed. The procedure uses Sn electrodes for electrolysis and gives high labelling yields. The amount of Sn released into the final product was found to be much less than the reported toxic levels. A ready-to-use kit for obtaining sterile sup(99m)Tc HSA is described. Tin metal wires sealed in aluminium were irradiated in a CIRUS reactor at a neutron flux of 7.5x10 12 n cm -2 sec -1 for one month. The 113 Sn produced in the wire was used for tracer studies with the electrolitically labelled HSA. sup(99m)Tc in the form sodium pertechnetate in 0.9% NaCl was obtained by methyl ethyl ketone extraction from alkaline solutions of neutron irradiated 99 Mo [specific activity 50-200 mCi/g] in the solvent extraction generator developed at Isotope Division, BARC. Radiochemical purity analysis of sup(99m)Tc labelled HSA prepared by the above procedure was carried out by ascending paper chromatography on Whatman No.1 paper, and 85% methanol and 0.9% sodium chloride as solvents. (F.Gy.)

  14. 99mTc-MIBI, 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-Q12 in vitro and in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernard, Bert F.; Krenning, Eric P.; Breeman, Wout A. P.; Ensing, Geert; Benjamins, Harry; Bakker, Willem H.; Visser, Theo J.; Jong, Marion de

    1998-01-01

    The aim of this study was to compare uptake of 99m Tc-MIBI, 99m Tc-tetrofosmin and 99m Tc-Q12 in vitro and biodistribution in vivo in rats. In vitro, uptake decreased in the order MIBI→tetrofosmin→Q12. Uptake of MIBI and tetrofosmin, but not of Q12, in cultured tumor cells was dependent on the plasma membrane and mitochondrial potential. In vivo, heart uptake of all three compounds was high and stable. Tumor uptake decreased in the order MIBI→Q12→tetrofosmin and the tumor/blood ratio in the order MIBI→tetrofosmin→Q12

  15. Preparation and characterization of iron(III) 99Mo-molybdate(VI) gels for the assessment of 99mTc elution performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amin, Mahmoud; Fasih, Tharwat W.; El-Absy, Mohamed A.

    2018-01-01

    New iron(III) 99 Mo-molybdate(VI) gels (Fe 99 Mo) of high Mo content were prepared by the precipitation/filtration method. 99 Mo-MoO 3 dissolved in NaOH was added to aqueous solutions of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 at Mo/Fe mole fractions ∝2.21 and 1.99 with continuous stirring at ambient room temperature. Two different Fe 99 Mo were precipitated from the mixed solutions adjusted at pH 2 and 4.7. The amount of water of hydration increased with the increasing the gel settling time and pH of the mixed solution. The matrices were characterized by radiometric, XRD, SEM, XRF, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA measurements. Small chromatographic columns of 2.0 g Fe 99 Mo containing ≥800 mg Mo tagged with 740 MBq 99 Mo were eluted with 5 mL saline solution. Highly reproducible 99m Tc elution indices suitable for preparation of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators were achieved from generator supported with 0.5 g Al 2 O 3 filter. Elution performance of 99m Tc radionuclide was highly dependent on the gel structural properties.

  16. Performance study of molybdenum gels with titanium for preparation of 99Mo-99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moraes, Vanessa; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

    2005-01-01

    99m Tc is the most used radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine, due to nuclear characteristics. It is obtained by the radioactive decay of 99 Mo, generator of radioisotope system. When 99 Mo is produced by the activation in reactor, the most used technique for the preparation of the generators is the gel type generator, which incorporates 99 Mo to the gel that is insoluble, chemically inert to the solutions and with properties of ion exchange. Several countries had already studied this methodology, as is the case of Vietnam, India, China, Australian. This work has the objective of studying the performance and characterization of molybdenum gels with titanium. Four variables in the preparation of the gel were studied: mass ratio between Mo and Ti (1.80 and 2.25), concentration of NaOH (2 and 4 mol/L), final temperature (25 and 50 deg C) and pH (3.5 and 4.5). The prepared gels were analyzed with relation to the size of its particles, identification of its structure, amount of molybdenum, amount of titanium, profile of elution, pH of the elution, determination of the radioisotopes in the eluate and final radiochemical purity. The final result is a formularization of the gel with the best characteristics for posterior preparation of the generator of 99m Tc- 99 Mo. (author)

  17. Problems in clinical practice of domestic supply of 99Mo/99mTc. Considerations on the domestic production of 99Mo/99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamabayashi, Hisamichi

    2012-01-01

    At present, a bulky import product, 99 Mo supplied in Japan is produced by a nuclear fission method which enables to produce a generator system with no need of commercially preparing 99m Tc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals due to its high specific activity. However its usage of enriched uranium target leads to avoiding the fission method from the option of domestic production. In order to secure the domestic supply of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc, the neutron activation method, aiming to meet about 20% of domestic demand, is under development along with the re-start program of JMTR. Development of various production methods using accelerators are also in progress. In those non-fission methods with reactors or accelerators, rapid and effective procedures for concentration and refinement of 99m Tc solution eluted from 99 Mo of low specific activity are the subjects to be considered for attaining the stable labeling performances. (author)

  18. {sup 201}Tl, {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI, {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmin and {sup 99m}Tc-furifosmin: relative retention and clearance kinetics in retrogradely perfused guinea pig hearts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schaefer, Wolfgang M.; Moka, Detlef E-mail: detlef.moka@uni-koeln.de; Brockmann, Holger A.; Schomaecker, Klaus; Schicha, Harald

    2002-02-01

    Myocellular kinetics of {sup 201}Tl, {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI, {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmin and {sup 99m}Tc-furifosmin were investigated using retrogradely-perfused guinea-pig hearts. Relative retention decreased in the order {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI {yields}{yields} implies {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmin {yields}{yields} implies {sup 99m}Tc-furifosmin. {sup 201}Tl and {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI exhibited bi- (t1,t2), {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmin and {sup 99m}Tc-furifosmin triexponential (t1,t2,t3) time-activity-curves. Latest-phase elimination-half-life increased from {sup 201}Tl (t2) {yields}{yields} implies {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI (t2) {yields}{yields} implies {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmin (t3) {yields}{yields} implies {sup 99m}Tc-furifosmin (t3), showing a significant increase in deteriorating myocardium for all tracers but {sup 99m}Tc-furifosmin. Delayed elimination in deteriorating myocardium explains at least partly the redistribution phenomenon of {sup 201}Tl, and suggests a similar phenomenon for {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI and {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmin.

  19. Synthesis and formulation of 99m Tc-ECD radiopharmaceutical

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ocampo G, B.E.

    1998-01-01

    Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty which uses radioactive compounds (radionuclides) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. 99m Tc is the more common radionuclide used in many studies in nuclear medicine because its advantages: it has a photopeak of 140 KeV and a half-life of 6 hours; it can be eluted from a Molybdenum 99 generator, so radiopharmaceuticals can be prepared on site. Ethyl cysteine dimer (ECD) labelled with reduced Technetium 99m has been purposed recently as a promising radiopharmaceutical for brain perfusion imaging 99m Tc-ECD is a lipophilic neutral complex which cross the brain blood barrier and show high brain uptake. The objective of this work was synthesize and to design a freeze dried formulation for the instant preparation of 99m Tc-ECD complex useful for brain perfusion imaging. We obtained a freeze dried stable formulation for the preparation of 99m Tc-ECD kit with a radiochemical purity higher than 90 %, which fulfills with the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we developed analytic techniques for the determination of the different chemical compounds into the lyophilized kit. (Author)

  20. Stabilization of Tc-99m D,L-HMPAO preparations as a leucocyte labelling agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kao, C.H.; Huang, W.T.; Tsai, C.S.

    1998-01-01

    An attempt was made to use stabilized Tc-99m D,L-HMPAO (S-HMPAO) to label leucocytes. The radiochemical purity of Tc-99m D,L-HMPAO, labelling efficiency of leucocytes, cell viability of labelled leucocytes, and stability of S-HMPAO labelled leucocytes were calculated. In comparison with commercial Tc-99m D,L-HMPAO (C-HMPAO) without stabilization, immediately, at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after HMPAO preparation, the radiochemical purity of S-HMPAO and the labelling efficiencies of S-HMPAO labelled leucocytes were higher. S-HMPAO is more stable than C-HMPAO and can provide higher leucocyte labelling efficiency. S-HMPAO, therefore, has the potential to replace C-HMPAO as a leucocyte-labelling agent

  1. Organ distribution of sup(99m)Tc-Sn tetracycline antibiotics in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalincak, M.; Machan, V.; Barna, K.

    1976-01-01

    The organ distribution of [sup(99m)Tc-Sn]tetracycline hydrochloride, [sup(99m)Tc-Sn]oxytetracycline hydrochloride and [sup(99m)Tc-Sn]rolitetracycline nitrate was studied in rats. It was shown that these preparations have a very similar organ distribution and are predominantly deposited in the kidneys. The maximum renal radioactivity level was found 2 to 4 hours after intravenous administration of the preparation, this, for [sup(99m)Tc-Sn]tetracycline hydrochloride 18.60%; for [sup(99m)Tc-Sn]oxytetracycline hydrochloride 17.09.=.; for [sup(99m)Tc-Sn]rolitetracycline nitrate 20.12%. The activity levels in the muscle, liver, heart, brain, lungs, stomach and spleen are minimal. (author)

  2. Organ distribution of /sup 99m/Tc--Sn tetracycline antibiotics in rats

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kalincak, M; Machan, V; Barna, K [Univerzita P.J. Safarika, Kosice (Czechoslovakia). Lekarska Fakulta

    1976-06-01

    The organ distribution of (sup(99m)Tc-Sn)tetracycline hydrochloride, (sup(99m)Tc-Sn)oxytetracycline hydrochloride and (sup(99m)Tc-Sn)rolitetracycline nitrate was studied in rats. It was shown that these preparations have a very similar organ distribution and are predominantly deposited in the kidneys. The maximum renal radioactivity level was found 2 to 4 hours after intravenous administration of the preparation, this, for (sup(99m)Tc-Sn)tetracycline hydrochloride 18.60%; for (sup(99m)Tc-Sn)oxytetracycline hydrochloride 17.09.=.; for (sup(99m)Tc-Sn)rolitetracycline nitrate 20.12%. The activity levels in the muscle, liver, heart, brain, lungs, stomach and spleen are minimal.

  3. Altered [99mTc]Tc-MDP biodistribution from neutron activation sourced 99Mo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Demeter, Sandor; Szweda, Roman; Patterson, Judy; Grigoryan, Marine

    2018-01-01

    Given potential worldwide shortages of fission sourced 99 Mo/ 99m Tc medical isotopes there is increasing interest in alternate production strategies. A neutron activated 99 Mo source was utilized in a single center phase III open label study comparing 99m Tc, as 99m Tc Methylene Diphosphonate ([ 99m Tc]Tc-MDP), obtained from solvent generator separation of neutron activation produced 99 Mo, versus nuclear reactor produced 99 Mo (e.g., fission sourced) in oncology patients for which an [ 99m Tc]Tc-MDP bone scan would normally have been indicated. Despite the investigational [ 99m Tc]Tc-MDP passing all standard, and above standard of care, quality assurance tests, which would normally be sufficient to allow human administration, there was altered biodistribution which could lead to erroneous clinical interpretation. The cause of the altered biodistribution remains unknown and requires further research.

  4. '99Mo/99mTc Generator Based on High Radionuclidic Pure Zirconium Molybdate Gel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amin, M.; Mostafa, M.; El-Amir, M.A.; El-Absy, M.A.; Mohamed, O.I.; Farag, A.B.

    2014-01-01

    99 Mo / 99 mTc radioisotope generator was prepared using in-situ precipitated zirconium molybdate chromatographic column. Zirconium molybdate gel matrix was synthesized by precipitation of neutron activation molybdenum-99 from its solution after variety purification processes to prevent contamination of the 99m Tc eluate with cross-contaminants. Greeter than 82.7 ± 0.4 % of the generated 99m Tc was immediately and reproducible eluted by passing 10 ml 0.9 % NaCl solution through the 1 g zirconium molybdate- 99 Mo column matrix at a flow rate of 0.5 ml / min and room temperature with high chemical, radionuclide ( ≥ 99.9 % 99m Tc) and radiochemical purity ( ≥ 97.7 % % as 99 mTcO 4 - ) with ph value suitable for medical uses.

  5. Pharmacological study of 99mTc-CO-MIBI, a new mycoardial perfusion imaging agent comparison to 99mTc-MIBI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Jiandong; Wang Jincheng; Mi Hongzhi

    2004-01-01

    For many years, 99m Tc-MIBI has been widely used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Although it has been regarded as a successful myocardial imaging agent, it has a notable defect of high liver radioactivities due to high uptake and slowly excrete. Recently, researchers had developed a new intermediate [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (OH 2 ) 3 ] + , considering 99m Tc-MIBI excellent biodistribution, they synthesized a new class of compound- 99m Tc-CO-MIBI with [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 ] + core and ligand MIBI. Previous studies have preliminary demonstrated the following favorable properties: rapid blood-pool clearance, high myocardial extraction and rapid clearance kinetics from liver that indicated 99m Tc-CO-MIBI a promising new myocardial perfusion imaging agent. Furthermore, researchers separated the compound by changing liquid pH value and prepared single alkaline component 99m Tc-CO-MIBI. The pharmacological experiments in rat have provided better results on its biodistribution in vivo and much faster clearance kinetics from liver compared to 99mTc-MIBI. To evaluate the potential application of 99m Tc-CO-MIBI, further investigations are necessary to determine the evidence for enhanced ability in clinical decision making as a novel new myocardial perfusion imaging agent. Objective: Here, perform pharmacological experiment of 99m Tc-CO-MIBI, a new technetium-99m-labeled myocardial imaging agent compared to 99m Tc-MIBI in canines. To identify whether it is feasible in clinical application as a novel myocardial imaging agent, or not. Results: Accordingly, prepared the single alkaline component of 99m Tc-CO-MIBI. The complex was stable up to at least 7 hours after synthesized in vitro at either room temperature or 37 degree C water bath. Labeling yield and radiochemical purity (RCP) of the complex were evaluated by TLC and HPLC, the labeling percent was 93%-97% and the RCP was over 90%. Then administer 555MBq to every dog each times. A total of 5 dogs were involved. The data of

  6. Preoperative radiological diagnosis by 99mTc·MIBI-99mTc subtraction scintigraphy for primary hyperparathyroidism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inouye, Takahiro; Tomita, Toshiki; Shinden, Seiichi; Takagi, Hitoshi; Kano, Shigeru.

    1996-01-01

    Preoperative radiological diagnosis constitutes the most important factor for the surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism. In this regard, MRI is useful for detecting the abnormal parathyroid, but it is often difficult to localize it using MRI only. It is thus necessary to combine this procedure with excellent subtraction scintigraphy. We performed both 201 Tl- 99m Tc and 99m Tc·MIBI- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy in seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and compared them the radiological results. Five patients presented parathyroid adenomas and the rest hypertrophy of the parathyroid. We could detect the abnormal parathyroid in four patients (57.1%) by 201 Tl- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy and in six patients (85.7%) by 99m Tc·MIBI- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy. We therefore believe that 99m Tc·MIBI- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy will become an essential examination for primary hyperparathyroidism rather than the presently employed 201 Tl- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy. (author)

  7. A new method for the preparation of 99mTc-stannous colloid instant kit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Shaoliang; Zhao Huiyang

    1988-01-01

    A new way for the preparation of 99m Tc-stannous cooloid instant kit, its animal experimental results and its application to clinical practice were described. 500 mg sodium fluoride and 25 mg stannous chloride were dissolved in 50 ml sterile water, and the pH was adjusted to 6.4 with 0.05 mol/LHCl 0.5 millilitre of this solution was filtered into a vial and dryed under sterile condition. The kit can be used immediately after adding 2 ∼ 4 ml of 99m TcO 4 . It is suitable for intravenous administration as a imaging agent for liver or other organs of the reticuloerdothelial (RE) system. Distribution stadies of the 99m Tc-stannous colloid in rats showed a rapid clearance of radioactivity from the blood stream and a subsequent rapid increase of radioactivity in the liver, up to approximately 90% of the injected dose. No toxic reactions were observed in rabbits at a dose of 1 ml of 99m Tc-stannous colloid/kg

  8. Biological evaluation of 99m Tc-N-(3-bromo-trimethyl-acetanilide)-iminodiacetic acid (99mTc mebrofenin) as hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hamada, E.S.

    1994-01-01

    Technetium-99 m-N-(3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethyl acetanilide) iminodiacetic acid ( 99m Tc-Mebrofenin) has been described as having optimal properties as hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical. This paper describes the synthesis, radiopharmaceutical preparation and biological distribution of new labeled compound. The biodistribution study of 99m Tc-Mebrofenin- was carried out in normal mice. The specificity for hepatobiliary excretion blood clearance and cumulative biliary excretion were evaluated in normal and cirrhotic rats. (author). 5 refs, 3 figs, 3 tabs

  9. Novel 99mTc(III)-azide complexes [99mTc(N3)(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R] (CDOH2 = cyclohexanedione dioxime) as potential radiotracers for heart imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Min; Zheng, Yumin; Avcibasi, Ugur; Liu, Shuang

    2016-01-01

    Introduction: In this study, novel 99m Tc(III)-azide complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] ( 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 : R = IS; 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 : R = MP; 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 : R = PA; 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 : R = PY; and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 : R = 5U) were evaluated as heart imaging agents. Methods: Complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] (R = IS, MP, PA, PY and 5U) were prepared by ligand exchange between NaN 3 and [ 99m TcCl(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in Sprague–Dawley rats. Image quantification was performed to compare their initial heart uptake and myocardial retention. Results: 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were prepared with high RCP (93–98%) while the RCP of 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 was 80–85%. The myocardial retention curves of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were best fitted to the bi-exponential decay function. The half-time of the fast component was 1.6 ± 0.4 min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 0.7 ± 0.1 min for 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 0.9 ± 0.4 min for 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 . The 2-min heart uptake from biodistribution studies followed the ranking order of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 (3.60 ± 0.68%ID/g) > 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 (2.35 ± 0.37%ID/g) ≫ 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 (1.29 ± 0.06%ID/g). 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 had the highest 2-min heart uptake among 99m Tc radiotracers revaluated in SD rats. High quality SPECT images were obtained with the right and left ventricular walls being clearly delineated. The best image acquisition window was 0–5 min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 . Conclusion: Both azide coligand and boronate caps had significant impact on the heart uptake and myocardial retention of complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Among the radiotracers evaluated in SD rats, 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 has the highest initial heart uptake with the heart retention comparable to that of 99m Tc

  10. The synthesis, magnetic purification and evaluation of 99mTc-labeled microbubbles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lazarova, Neva; Causey, Patrick W.; Lemon, Jennifer A.; Czorny, Shannon K.; Forbes, John R.; Zlitni, Aimen; Genady, Afaf; Foster, F. Stuart; Valliant, John F.

    2011-01-01

    Introduction: Ultrasound (US) contrast agents based on microbubbles (MBs) are being investigated as platforms for drug and gene delivery. A methodology for determining the distribution and fate of modified MBs quantitatively in vivo can be achieved by tagging MBs directly with 99m Tc. This creates the opportunity to employ dual-modality imaging using both US and small animal SPECT along with quantitative ex vivo tissue counting to evaluate novel MB constructs. Methods: A 99m Tc-labeled biotin derivative ( 99m TcL1) was prepared and incubated with streptavidin-coated MBs. The 99m Tc-labeled bubbles were isolated using a streptavidin-coated magnetic-bead purification strategy that did not disrupt the MBs. A small animal scintigraphic/CT imaging study as well as a quantitative biodistribution study was completed using 99m TcL1 and 99m Tc-labeled bubbles in healthy C57Bl-6 mice. Results: The imaging and biodistribution data showed rapid accumulation and retention of 99m Tc-MBs in the liver (68.2±6.6 %ID/g at 4 min; 93.3±3.2 %ID/g at 60 min) and spleen (214.2±19.7 %ID/g at 4 min; 213.4±19.7 %ID/g at 60 min). In contrast, 99m TcL1 accumulated in multiple organs including the small intestine (22.5±3.6 %ID/g at 4 min; 83.4±5.9 %ID/g at 60 min) and bladder (184.0±88.1 %ID/g at 4 min; 24.2±17.7 %ID/g at 60 min). Conclusion: A convenient means to radiolabel and purify MBs was developed and the distribution of the labeled products determined. The result is a platform which can be used to assess the pharmacokinetics and fate of novel MB constructs both regionally using US and throughout the entire subject in a quantitative manner by employing small animal SPECT and tissue counting.

  11. Preparation and stability of the 99m Tc-HNE2 radiopharmaceutical

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Estrada T, J.

    2002-01-01

    extraction was used, using the C-18 sep-pak cartridges. The native peptide and the conjugate were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a molecular exclusion column for YMC-Pack Diol-60 peptides, phosphates buffer 0.1 M p H= 7.4 at a flux 1.5 ml/min; integrated to a diode arrangement detector to obtain the UV spectra and a radioactivity detector for obtaining the radio chromatograms of the compounds in study, verifying that the different bifunctional agents will be separate appropriately from the peptide, once formed the conjugate peptide, the labelling with 99m Tc was realized using sodium pertechnetates (NaTcO 4 ) eluted from a 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator and as a reducer agent stannous chloride. The In vitro stability tests were realized measuring the radiochemical purity of the radio peptide in Instant Thin Layer Chromatography with silica-gel (ITLC-SG), NaCl 0.9% and acetone as eluent systems) at different time intervals in solutions of different cysteine concentration. These tests indicated the trans chelation grade of the 99m Tc metal. In the In vivo evaluations the stability of the 99m Tc-HNE-2 was obtained when it was realized the biodistribution in normal mice of the balb-c stock. The obtained results show a radiochemical purity of 95.05 % ± 2.81% for the 99m Tc-DTPA-HNE-2 conjugates and 51.45% ± 3.2% for 99m Tc-HYNIC-HNE-2 even as tricine as colligand was used. The In vivo and In vitro stability tests of the radio conjugates show that the radio complexes are keeping whole at least during 24 hours (In vitro) time in which passing for half life of the 99m Tc radionuclide and 30 min (In vivo). Since the radio conjugates prepared with DTPA were obtained with radiochemical purities adequate for its use in scintillography, it is necessary as a future work to realize the biodistribution kinetics as in healthy animals as in models with induced infectious processes. Likewise for obtaining gamma graphic images at different times, from animals

  12. Determination of 99Mo contamination in 99mTc elute obtained from 99Mo/99mTc- generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Momennezhad, M.; Zakavi, S. R.; Sadeghi, R.

    2010-01-01

    99m Tc is a widely used radioisotope in nuclear medicine centers which is obtained by elution from Mo-99/Tc-99m generators. Usually the generators are either supplied by the Iran Atomic Energy Agency or by private companies from foreign countries. In this study we have measured 99 Mo contamination in 99m Tc elute from different generators in a period of one year. Materials and Methods: The radionuclide impurity of the 99m Tc elute were studied in two types of radionuclide generators (A: produced in Iran and B: Imported from other country). In-vitro measurements were performed using dose calibrator. Direct measurements were made, using a standard canister at the time of milking of the generators and also in Subsequent hours after milking. Results: The results showed a mean of 99 Mo impurity in generators A and B to be 0.00932±0.0043 and 0.0170±0.0127 respectively. Although the results showed that the 99 Mo contamination in 99 mTc elute was lesser than the maximum accepted activity limit of 0.015%, the difference in these two types may reflect different methods of productions of generator, as well as the quality control procedures. Conclusion: The mean of 99 Mo contamination in generators produced in Iran Atomic Energy Organization was lesser than generators imported from foreign origin.

  13. Preparation of 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG-liposomes for imaging of the focal sites infection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hong, Jun Pyo; Awh, Ok Doo; Kim, Hyun Suk; Lee, Eun Sook; Lee, Tae Sup; Choi, Tae Hyun; Choi, Chang Woon; Lim, Sang Moo

    2002-01-01

    A new linker, hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC), was recently introduced for labelling of liposome with 99m Tc. In this study we synthesized HYNIC derivatized PEG (polyethylene glycol)-liposomes radiolabeled with 99m Tc. In order to synthesize HYNIC-DSPE (distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine) which is a crucial component for 99m Tc chelation, first of all succinimidyl 6-BOC-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid was synthesized from 6-chloronicotinic acid by three sequential reactions. A DSPE derivative of succinimidyl 6-BOC-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid was transformed into HYNIC-DSPE by HCI/dioxane. HYNIC-PEG-liposomes were prepared by hydration of the dried lipid mixture of EPC (egg phosphatidyl choline): PEG-DSPE : HYNIC-DSPE: cholesterol (1.85:0.15:0.07:1, molar ratio). The HYNIC-PEG-liposomes were labeled with 99m Tc in the presence of SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O (a reducing agent) and tricine (a colignad). To investigate the level of in vivo transchelation of 99m Tc in the liposomes, the 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG-liposomes were incubated with a molar excess of DTPA, cysteine or glutathione solutions at 37 .deg. C for 24 hours. 6-BOC-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid was synthesized with 77.3% overall yield. The HYNIC concentration in the PEG-coated liposome dispersion was 1.08 mM. In condition of considering the measured liposome size of 106 nm, the phospholipid concentration of 77.5 μmol/ ml and the liposomal particle number of 5.2x10 14 liposomes/ml, it is corresponded to approximate 1,250 nicotinyl hydrazine group per liposome in HYNIC-PEG-liposome. The removal of free 99m Tc was not necessary because the labeling efficiency were above 99%. The radiolabeled liposomes maintained 98%, 96% and 99%, respectively, of radioactivity after incubation with transchelators. The radiolabeled liposomes possessed above 90% of the radioactivity in serum. These results suggest that the HYNIC can be synthesized easily and applied in labelling of PEG-liposomes with 99m Tc

  14. Confirmation of hydrazone formation in HYNIC-peptide conjugate preparation, and its hydrolysis during labeling with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gandomkar, M.; Najafi, R.; Shafiei, M.; Ebrahimi, S.E.S.

    2007-01-01

    Because of its monodenticity, 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) is of interest as a bifunctional chelator for labeling peptide with 99m Tc. Here, we confirm the formation of hydrazone in HYNIC-conjugated peptide. The preparative HPLC was used to purify the HYNIC conjugated somatostatin-based peptide and the result showed two peaks, even after two consecutive purifications. Analysis of these peaks by mass spectrometry indicated the presence of hydrazone, produced during preparation conjugate. Further, we have shown that presence of hydrazone really does not matter because under 99m Tc-labeling conditions, hydrazone is hydrolyzed back to HYNIC that then chelates 99m Tc. A HYNIC-peptide conjugate freeze-dried kit was also prepared in a mildly acidic or neutral condition with a final pH of 6-7. The kit was then labeled by 99m Tc and incubated in 100 dec. C for 10 min, and a labeling yield of >95% was obtained

  15. Sequential hepatobiliary scintigraphy of the patients with constitutional jaundice, ICG excretory defect disease and hepatocellular carcinoma with 99mTc-PI, 99mTc-HIDA and 99mTc-EHIDA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mitani, Tsuyoshi

    1987-01-01

    Sequential 2 min scintiphotos were obtained with a scintilation camera after intravenous injection of 3 mCi of 99m Tc-HIDA or 99m Tc-PI. Digital matrix images were simultaneously recorded with computer. Sequential samples for the blood clearance of 99m Tc-HIDA or 99m Tc-PI were obtained for 120 min following injection to the patient of constitutional hyperbilirubinemia and ICG excretory defect disease. In Dubin-Johnson syndrome, the hepatic uptake of 99m Tc-HIDA was faster or normal but the excretion was extremely slower than in normal cases. Both hepatic uptake and excretion of 99m Tc-PI were almost normal. In Rotor's disease, hepatic uptake of 99m Tc-HIDA or 99m Tc-PI was very poor, showing almost no hepatic images in all time. In Gilbert's disease and ICG excretory defect disease, hepatic uptake and excretion of 99m Tc-HIDA or 99m Tc-PI were within normal limit. From these results, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor's disease and Gilbert's disease show the different patterns between hepatic uptake and excretion of 99m Tc-HIDA and 99m Tc-PI hepatobiliary scintigraphy and these patterns contribute to the differential diagnosis of constitutional jaundice. The usefulness of hepatobiliary imaging with 99m Tc-EHIDA in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was studied in 15 patients with histologically verified HCC. In 15 patients, 3 patients (20 %) showed increased radioactivity with 99m Tc-EHIDA image, where liver scan with 99m Tc-Sn colloid showed filling defect. These results indicate that use of 99m Tc-EHIDA scan and 67 Ga-citrate imaging is useful for positive visualization of HCC. (author)

  16. The preparation of {sup 99m}Tc from {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc using Poly-Zirconium Compound (PZC)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Laohawilai, S [Isotope Production Div., Office of Atomic Energy for Peace (Thailand)

    1998-10-01

    The process of for providing the {sup 99m}Tc-gel generator followed the protocol that received from Department of Radioisotopes, Tokai Research Establishment, JAERI. Sodium molybdate (molybdenum-99), pH 7 with concentration 20 mg/ml and activity nearly 1 mCi/ml was added into the adsorbent (PZC). The total activity of {sup 99}Mo was about 10 mCi and the heating time was varied from 3-18 hours at 70degC. The properties of the gel were studied for elution profile and elution efficiency. The molybdenum breakthrough in sodium pertechnetate (technetium-99m) was also performed. (author)

  17. Accumulation of Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-tetrofosmin in tumor cells. Uptake and washout studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodrigues, M.; Aghajanian, A.A.; Sinzinger, H.; Kalinowska, W.; Zielinski, C.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: To investigate in-vitro the uptake and washout of Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-tetrofosmin in human breast adenocarcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma cell lines. Methods: The uptake of Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-tetrofosmin (at 37 0 C, 10, 30 and 60 minutes after incubation with 7.4x10E5 Bq each tracer) was investigated in breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, synovial sarcoma SW 982 cells and chondrosarcoma SW 1353 cells (concentration of 1x10E6 cells/ml incubation medium). Tracer uptake in cells incubated with ouabain (Na/K-ATPase pump inhibitor; 100 μM and 1mM; 15 and 30 minutes), nigericin (increases mitochondrial potential and disrupts cell membrane potential; 5 and 50 μg/ml; 15 minutes) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (depolarizes mitochondrial membrane; 10 and 100 μM; 30 minutes) was compared to that in cells without incubation with chemical agents (control cells). The washout (at 37 0 C, 10-60 minutes, 30 and 60 minutes after tracer incubation) of Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-tetrofosmin was studied in MCF-7 cells, SK-BR-3 cells , SW 1353 cells and fibrosarcoma SW 684 cells. Results: Cellular tracer uptake decreased with ouabain (decrease of Tc-99m-tetrofosmin > Tc-99m-MIBI in SK-BR-3 cells and SW 982 cells) and increased with nigericin (increase of Tc-99m-MIBI > Tc-99m-tetrofosmin in all cells) as compared to the uptake in control cells. With CCCP, decrease of Tc-99m-MIBI uptake in cells preincubated with nigericin was higher than that in cells under basal conditions, whereas a similar decrease of Tc-99m-tetrofosmin uptake in these two group of cells was found. Washout of Tc-99m-MIBI from all cells was lower than that of Tc-99m-tetrofosmin. No significant difference in cell-associated activity of both tracers was found between washout after 30 minutes and that after 60 minutes of incubation, in all cells. Washout of Tc-99m-MIBI from SK-BR-3 cells Tc-99m-tetrofosmin) and Na/K-ATPase pump (Tc-99m-tetrofosmin > Tc-99m-MIBI). Tc-99m-MIBI and

  18. Pharmaceutical grade sodium (99mTc) pertechnetate from 99Mo/99mTc-TCM-Autosolex generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Barua, Luna; Das, Sujata Saha

    2014-01-01

    Technetium-99m (T 1/2 = 6.02h; 140.51 keV (89%)) is the most useful radioisotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine. More than 80% of all diagnostic procedures done worldwide in nuclear medicine centre are performed with 99m Tc. Worldwide crisis of fission 99 Mo based generator in recent past had put the nuclear medicine fraternity in very harsh situation. In order to have an indigenous solution of this problem, we tried to develop a computer controlled semi automated 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator using MEK solvent extraction technique, which utilizes abundantly available 99 Mo produced by (n,γ) reaction in BARC reactors. The aim of this work is to provide a more reliable, computer controlled module (TCM- AUTOSOLEX) for the recovery of pharmaceutical grade 99m Tc from low specific activity 99 Mo based on solvent extraction methodology

  19. Development of 99mTc-DMSA for kidney imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shafii Khamis; Nurshuhadah Mohd Yusof

    2006-01-01

    In nuclear medicine studies, 99m Tc-Dimercaptosuccinic acid ( 99m Tc-DMSA) has been shown to be an excellent radiopharmaceutical agent for detecting focal abnormalities of the renal cortex in patients. The agent, however, oxidizes readily and must be used within 30 minutes of preparation. The instability of the radiopharmaceutical renders the kit less economical to use. Several factors affecting the labeling yield such as the kit formulation, stannous and stabilizer content were investigated. The radiochemical determination of the radiolabelled product was analyzed using I TLC-SG system developed in methyl ethyl ketone and the radiolabelled 99m Tc-DMSA biological distributions were carried out in female rats. Stability study of the radiolabelled 99m Tc-DMSA was carried out using ascorbic acid as stabilizer. Comparative study was also carried out on both the prepared kit and those obtained commercially. The DMSA kit was successfully developed and the result obtained was found to be comparable to that of the commercially available kit. (Author)

  20. Technetium-99m ceftizoxime kit preparation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Diniz, Simone Odilia Fernandes; Siqueira, Cristiano Ferrari; Nelson, David Lee; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

    2005-01-01

    The aim of this work was to prepare a kit of 99 m Tc-ceftizoxime ( 99m Tc-CFT), with stability and biological activity preserved, able to identify a septic focus (E. coli) in the experimental infection model in rats. The preparation of the CFT kit involved the use of lyophilized solutions containing the antibiotic ceftizoxime and the sodium dithionite reducing agent (6.0 mg/m L). After lyophilization, the kit was reconstituted with 1.0 mL of sodium 99m Tc pertechnetate solution (Na 99m Tc O 4- ) with an activity of 370 MBq. The solution was boiled for 10 min and filtered through a cellulose ester filter. The labeling efficiency was on the order of 92%, remaining stable for six hours and the kit remained stable for two months. The biological activity of the 99m Tc-CFT was evaluated by diffusion in agar impregnated with E.coli and S. aureus. Seven Wistar rats, weighing from 200 to 250 g, were used for the development of the septic focus. After 24 hours from the induction of the infectious site (E.coli), the animals were anesthetized and 0.1 mL of 99m Tc-CFT (37 MBq) was injected into the tail veins of the animals. The images were obtained with a gamma camera one, two and six hours after injection and the regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. The diameters of the inhibition halos for 99 m Tc-CFT were 27.16 ± 0.23 and 27.17 ± 0.20 for S.aureus and E.coli, respectively, while those for the unlabeled CFT were 30.4 ± 0.33 and 29.43 ± 0.26, respectively. The results for the biodistribution of 99m Tc-CFT in infected animals furnished a ratio of 1.97 ± 0.31, 2.10 ± 0.42 and 2.01 ± 0.42 for cpm-target/cpm-no target for the one, two and six-hour periods, respectively. The images showed a clear uptake of labeled antibiotic ( 99m Tc-CFT) by the infectious site during the experiment. The results attest to the viability of producing a kit with 99m technetium-labeled ceftizoxime for the investigation of infectious processes. (author)

  1. Gel chromatography of sup(99m)Tc-labelled compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vilcek, S.; Machan, V.; Kalincak, M.

    1976-01-01

    The present state of gel chromatography of sup(99m)Tc-labelled compounds is reviewed. Examples are given of gel chromatography for preparing labelled compounds and for quality control analysis and the development of new types of sup(99m)Tc-labelled compounds. The factors which influence the gel chromatography of these compounds are discussed, i.e., the nature of the elution agent, the duration of the contact of the gel and the preparation the gel type, the nature of the labelled compound. The GCS method (gel chromatography scanning) is briefly described. The advantages of gel chromatography as compared with other chromatographic techniques for sup(99m)Tc-labelled compounds are summarized. (author)

  2. Development of Tc-99m-DTPA-HSA as a new blood pool scanning agent

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shirakami, Y; Matsumoto, Y; Yamauchi, Y; Kurami, M; Ueda, N; Hazue, M

    1987-04-01

    A new HSA preparation, Tc-99m-DTPA-HSA, was developed as a blood pool scanning agent. It shows higher labeling yield (more than 95 %) and higher blood retention (74.7 % I.D. at 1 hour post-injection) than Tc-99m-HSA prepared by directly labeling of HSA with Tc-99m. The introduction of DTPA, a strong bifunctional chelating agent, to HSA provides sites for the stable binding of Tc-99m. The preparation composed of 20 mCi of Tc-99m at calibration time and 10 mg of DTPA-HSA in a vial. After labeling, it had been stable for 24 hours at room temperature. In rats, most of Tc-99m-DTPA-HSA injected was metabolized and excreted in urine and feces. The cumulative radioactivity in urine and feces were 56.0 % and 13.7 % of injected dose, respectively, at 48 hours after injection. Metabolites observed in urine were Tc-99m-urea, Tc-99m-DTPA, reduced Tc-99m and so on. Tc-99m-DTPA-HSA proved, thus, a desirable feature for the blood pool scanning agent.

  3. Influence of a {sup 99m}TcN core on the biological and physicochemical behavior of {sup 99m}Tc complexes of L,L-EC and L,L-ECD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mangera, Kennedy O; Vanbilloen, Hubert P.; Bellande, Emmanuel; Pasqualini, Roberto; Verbruggen, Alfons M

    1996-11-01

    {sup 99m}Tc-nitrido complexes of L,L-ethylene dicysteine ({sup 99m}TcN-L,L-EC) and {sup 99m}TcN-L,L-ethylene dicysteine diethylester ({sup 99m}TcN-L,L-ECD) were prepared and their characteristics compared to those of the respective {sup 99m}Tc-oxo complexes. {sup 99m}TcN-L,L-EC and {sup 99m}TcO-L,L-EC migrate to similar extents during electrophoresis at pH 12, but, at pH 6, {sup 99m}TcN-L,L-EC migrates further than {sup 99m}TcO-L,L-EC. Renal excretion of {sup 99m}TcN-L,L-EC is inferior to that of {sup 99m}TcO-L,L-EC, indicating that the TcN-glycine sequence has lower affinity for the renal tubular system. Both {sup 99m}TcO-L,L-ECD and {sup 99m}TcN-L,L-ECD are neutral, but {sup 99m}TcN-L,L-ECD is hydrophilic and shows minimal brain uptake in both mice and the baboon.

  4. 99mTc labeled VIP analog: evaluation for imaging colorectal cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rao, P.S.; Thakur, M.L.; Pallela, V.; Patti, R.; Reddy, K.; Li, H.; Sharma, S.; Pham, H.L.; Diggles, L.; Minami, C.; Marcus, C.S.

    2001-01-01

    Early and reliable diagnosis of colorectal cancer continues to be demanding and challenging. Colorectal cancer cells express Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) receptors in high density. We have prepared a VIP analog (TP3654), labeled it with 99m Tc, and evaluated it in experimental animals as an agent for imaging colorectal cancer. The tissue distribution of 99m Tc-TP3654 has been compared with that of 111 In-DTPA-Octreotide and 99m Tc-anti-CEA scan in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer LS174T. Finally, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of 99m Tc-TP3654 have been performed in four normal human volunteers. Data suggest that 99m Tc-TP3654 can be prepared efficiently without loss of its receptor specificity and biological activity. Although the 24 hr tumor uptake of 99m Tc-TP3654 in the animal model used was modest (0.21 ± 0.07% I.D./g), the tissue distribution profile was more favorable than that of 111 In-DTPA-Octreotide or 99m Tc-anti-CEA scan. Human studies indicated that 99m Tc-TP3654 had no adverse effect in any subject. Within 24 hours, approximately 70% of the injected dose cleared through the kidneys, and approximately 20% through the hepatobiliary system. In these non-fasting volunteers hepatobiliary clearance was slow and in cancer patients tumor uptake was rapid. Data suggest that 99m Tc-TP3654 is a promising agent for imaging colorectal cancer

  5. Production and clinical evaluation of 99mTc-octreotide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fettich, J.; Kolenc-Peitl, P.

    2004-01-01

    Full text: Due to advantages of 99m-Tc labelled radiopharmaceuticals we examined the feasibility of producing 99m-Tcoctreotide in our laboratory and compare the results with 111-In-octreotide in the same patients. Keeping constant amount of components without exceeding amount of the peptide used, preparation of 99m-Tc-ethylendiaminediacetic- acidhydrazinonicotinamide-D-Phe1,Tyr3-octreotide (99m-Tc EDDA/HYNIC-TOC) was achieved. Radiochemical purity was tested using high-pressure liquid chromatography for 24 hours. In vitro stability testing of the product showed that radiochemical purity remained above 95% for 24 hours and the radiopharmaceutical was found suitable for human use. 5 - 10 μg of the peptide labelled with 550-650 MBq of 99m-Tc was prepared for each patient. 32 patients with clinically suspicious or confirmed carcinoid were investigated with 550 - 650 MBq 99m-Tcoctreotide prepared in our laboratory followed by 110 MBq 111-In-octreotide (Octreoscan, Mallinkrodt). Whole body scintigraphy and abdominal SPECT were performed 4 and 20 hrs after injection of respective radiopharmaceutical. In all patients both studies were acquired within 5 days. All patients gave informed consent for the study as required by Ethics committee. No abnormal tracer uptake was seen anywhere in the body in 12 patient with either of the radiopharmaceuticals. These were used to assess normal distribution of both radiopharmaceuticals. Normal accumulation was seen in case of both radiopharmaceuticals in the spleen, kidneys, liver and gallbladder. Biliary activity was seen in the gut in patients that were not well prepared for the study. There was significantly less activity seen in the kidneys in case of 99m-Tc-octreotide. This could be explained by higher hydrophilicity of the 99m-Tc-EDDA/HYNEC-TOC molecules as compared with 111-In-DTPA-octreotide. 20 patients with confirmed carcinoids showed abnormal uptake but without any difference in distribution of the two radiopharmaceuticals

  6. Study of the performance of gels of molybdenum containing several cations for the preparation of 99Mo and 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moraes, Vanessa

    2005-01-01

    99m Tc is the most employed radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine, due to its nuclear characteristics: short half-life (6.04 h); emission of low energy gamma ray (140 keV); no emission of β - ; generated by the radioactive decay of 99 Mo (radioisotope generator system). 99 Mo can be produced in cyclotron or nuclear reactor by the irradiation of 235 U (n, f) 99 Mo or by the 98 Mo (n, γ) 90 Mo reaction. Four different kinds of generators of 99m Tc can be employed, based on the separation techniques: column chromatographic using alumina, with fission 99 Mo; solvent extraction using methylethylketone; sublimation of technetium heptoxide; gel type chromatographic generator, that contains molybdenum. IPEN, aiming the nationalization of the 99m Tc generators production, developed a gel type generator that uses zirconium molybdate. Three types of gels are studied in the work: molybdenum gel with titanium, molybdenum gel with cerium and molybdenum gel with hafnium, that were compared with the molybdenum gel with zirconium. The variables studied in the gel preparation are: mass relation between Mo and the cation, NaOH concentration, temperature and final pH of the product. After the preparation, the gels are analysed in relation to the amount of Mo and the cation, structure and gel particle size. The gel is irradiated and later a generator system is prepared, and the elutions are analysed in order to measure the 99m Tc elution efficiency. The results showed that the molybdenum gel with titanium had the best performance in all analysis. (author)

  7. Discordant results in Tc-99m tetrofosmin and Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphies; Resultados discordantes em cintilografias das paratireoides realizadas com tetrofosmin-99mTc e com sestamibi-99mTc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Duarte, Paulo Schiavom; Domingues, Fernanda C.; Santi Costa, Michele; Brandao, Cynthia; Oliveira, Marco A.C. de; Vieira, Jose G.H. [Fleury - Centro de Medicina Diagnostica, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: paulo.duarte@fleury.com.br

    2007-10-15

    Parathyroid scintigraphies have been used to detect pathological parathyroid glands either before as well as after the parathyroid resection surgery in patients with hyperparathyroidism. One of the most utilized techniques to perform the studies is the double-phase images with Tc-99m sestamibi, which has been shown to be very accurate in the localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. Similar to Tc-99m sestamibi, Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a radiopharmaceutical initially developed to perform myocardial perfusion study that has been used to perform parathyroid scintigraphies. Although most of the papers suggest that the overall sensitivities of both radiopharmaceuticals are similar, there are some papers questioning the accuracy of Tc-99m tetrofosmin to detect abnormal parathyroid glands. In the present article, we report a case with discordant results by both methods. (author)

  8. Preparation of 99mTc-EDTA-MN and Its Bioimaging in Mouse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yongshuai QI

    2015-07-01

    partition coefficient was lgP=-3.05, indicated that this complex was hydrophilic. At 3 h post-injection, the imaging of 99mTc-EDTA-MN in nude mice bearing non-small cell lung cancer cell showed that more radioactive gathered in bladder at 0.5 h, the transplanted tumor was clearly imaged at 1 h post-injection, during whole imaging radioactive in other tissues and organs was low. The radioactivity of tumor uptake by using of ROI technology were (88.14±11.59, (123.17±9.06, (98.08±14.40 and (79.87±10.57 at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 h post-injection, and the ratio of T/NT of tumor and liver area were (1.95±0.19, (3.58±0.78, (3.95±0.39 and (5.01±0.28, respectively. 99mTc-EDTA-MN could be quickly cleared from the blood in mice primarily through the kidneys, and the radioactivity in other tissues and organs remained low. Conclusion 99mTc-EDTA-MN can be easily prepared and labeled compound with high labeling rate and stability, it appears to be suitable for further experiments requirement in vivo and in vitro application.

  9. A note on the electrolytic preparation of sup(99m)Tc human serum albumin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ligny, C.L. de; Dekker, B.G.

    1978-01-01

    A note to the simple electrolytic preparations of Tc-99m human serum albumin using tin electrodes, elaborated by Narasimhan and Mani, is described. Narasimhan and Mani's procedure yields mainly hydrolysed reduced Tc. Gil et al described a modification of Narasimhan and Mani's procedure wherein about 60% Tc-HSA chelate can be obtained. Purity analysis was performed by paper chromatography with 85% methanol as eluent. (T.I.)

  10. 99mTc-MAG3: can it be a viable alternative to 99mTc-DTPA ?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bal, C.S.; Padhy, A.K.; Nair, R.; Gopinath, P.G.

    1991-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to assess the potentials of 99m Tc MAG 3 to replace universally used 99m Tc-DTPA as a routine renal agent. Five patients with different nephrological problems were first studied with 99m Tc MAG 3 and then reinvestigated with 99m Tc-DTPA two to seven days later. Renal MAG 3 gamma camera images were found to be almost identical with those of 99m Tc-DTPA images except high hepatic and splenic uptake of the former compound in four out of five patients (80%) irrespective of kidney function. MAG 3 and DTPA renograms showed identical differential renal uptake function (r=0.87) with slightly higher uptake in right kidneys. Time to reach the peak correlated well (r=0.91). Time to reach half maximum renal activity was also found to be almost identical (r=0.97) for MAG 3 and DTPA. It was felt that the age old 99m Tc-DTPA is as good a compound as 99m Tc MAG 3 with regard to imaging and assessment of renal uptake, drainage and differential renal functions. 99m Tc-DTPA is much cheaper, readily available in India and stable to suit the logistics in a busy nuclear medicine department for routine renography. (author). 10 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs

  11. Using Tc-Re chemical analogy to synthesize and identify new 99mTc complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gambino, D.; Kremer, C.; Cartesio, S.; Leon, A.; Kremer, E.

    1989-01-01

    The strong chemical resemblance between Tc and Re is applied to design and evaluate experiments with 99m Tc complexes. A combination of spectrophotometric and electrophoretic techniques allows to propose the formula [TcO 2 (amine) 2 ] + for compounds prepared by reduction of 99m TcO 4 - with Zn (solid phase) in presence of several (bidentate) amines. (author) 10 refs.; 2 figs.; 4 tabs

  12. 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HM-PAO SPECT in five patients with MELAS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Katagiri, Shinako; Nishimaki, Hiroshi; Kitano, Masashi; Horiike, Shigeharu; Kan, Shinichi; Ishii, Katsumi; Matsubayashi, Takashi; Sakai, Fumihiko

    1998-01-01

    Cerebral perfusion was studied in five patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome (MELAS), using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99m Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer ( 99m Tc-ECD) or 99m Tc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime ( 99m Tc-HM-PAO). In four cases, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was evaluated by the method reported by Mastuda et al. Immediately after the stroke-like episodes, accumulation of the tracer was relatively increased in the temporooccipital lobe, and also increased rCBF was shown in the same area. However, the region showed decreased radioactivity at the chronic stage, and rCBF decreased also. These findings are consistent with positron emission tomography (PET) at the acute stage and autopsy. 99m Tc-ECD SPECT and 99m Tc-HM-PAO SPECT may be useful in the diagnosis and assessment of the progress of the MELAS. (author)

  13. Confirmation of hydrazone formation in HYNIC-peptide conjugate preparation, and its hydrolysis during labeling with {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gandomkar, M. [Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)]. E-mail: msgandomkar@yahoo.com; Najafi, R. [Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Shafiei, M. [Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Ebrahimi, S.E.S. [Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2007-07-15

    Because of its monodenticity, 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) is of interest as a bifunctional chelator for labeling peptide with {sup 99m}Tc. Here, we confirm the formation of hydrazone in HYNIC-conjugated peptide. The preparative HPLC was used to purify the HYNIC conjugated somatostatin-based peptide and the result showed two peaks, even after two consecutive purifications. Analysis of these peaks by mass spectrometry indicated the presence of hydrazone, produced during preparation conjugate. Further, we have shown that presence of hydrazone really does not matter because under {sup 99m}Tc-labeling conditions, hydrazone is hydrolyzed back to HYNIC that then chelates {sup 99m}Tc. A HYNIC-peptide conjugate freeze-dried kit was also prepared in a mildly acidic or neutral condition with a final pH of 6-7. The kit was then labeled by {sup 99m}Tc and incubated in 100 dec. C for 10 min, and a labeling yield of >95% was obtained.

  14. Imaging of irradiated liver with Tc-99m-sulfur colloid and Tc-99m-IDA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gelfand, M.J.; Saha, S.; Aron, B.S.

    1981-01-01

    In three cases, irradiated regions of liver failed to concentrate Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. In two of these three, imaging with Tc-99m-acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agents within five days showed near normal hepatic uptake of this hepatobiliary imaging agent. The hepatic parenchymal cells may be imaged with Tc-99m-IDA in some irradiated regions of liver, despite loss of reticuloendothelial cell function

  15. Rapid preparation method for technetium-99m bicisate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hung, J.C. [Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (United States); Chowdhury, S. [Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (United States); Redfern, M.G. [Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (United States); Mahoney, D.W. [Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (United States)

    1997-06-10

    The method currently recommended for the preparation of technetium-99m bicisate ({sup 99m}Tc-bicisate) requires a lengthy 30-min incubation at room temperature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an alternative method to shorten the preparation time. {sup 99m}Tc-bicisate was prepared with 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) {sup 99m}Tc according to the manufacturer`s instructions, except for the final incubation step, which was replaced with the microwave heating procedure. A standard thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method (i.e., Baker-Flex silica gel IB-F TLC plate with ethyl acetate as mobile phase) was used for the determination of the radiochemical purity (RCP) of {sup 99m}Tc-bicisate. Our evaluation with different microwave heating processes (300 W with different heating times) demonstrated that as the microwave heating temperature was increased (i.e., 44 -71 C), an increased percentage of samples reached 95% within 5 min post preparation (n=58). The highest RCP value (i.e., 97.4%{+-}0.5%, n=10) could be obtained immediately after an 8-s microwave heating time at 300 W (microwave temperature at 69 C), and an average RCP value of 96.4%{+-}1.3% (n=90) was maintained throughout the 24-h evaluation period. However, the trend seemed to reverse at higher microwave temperatures (i.e., 76 -90 C), which reconfirmed our initial findings that overheating had no benefit for the preparation of {sup 99m}Tc-bicisate. To ensure that temperature was the only determining factor, a hot water incubator set at 69 C was used (n=6). Similar RCP results were achieved. In conclusion, the use of a microwave oven at a low heat cycle provides a rapid and efficient way to prepare {sup 99m}Tc-bicisate. (orig.). With 3 figs., 1 tab.

  16. Technetium-99m ceftizoxime kit preparation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Diniz, Simone Odilia Fernandes; Siqueira, Cristiano Ferrari; Nelson, David Lee; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento [Minas Gerais Univ. Federal, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Faculdade de Farmacia]. E-mail: simone@farmacia.ufmg.br; Martin-Comin, Josep [Bellvitge Univ., Barcelona (Spain)

    2005-10-15

    The aim of this work was to prepare a kit of {sup 99}m Tc-ceftizoxime ({sup 99m} Tc-CFT), with stability and biological activity preserved, able to identify a septic focus (E. coli) in the experimental infection model in rats. The preparation of the CFT kit involved the use of lyophilized solutions containing the antibiotic ceftizoxime and the sodium dithionite reducing agent (6.0 mg/m L). After lyophilization, the kit was reconstituted with 1.0 mL of sodium {sup 99m} Tc pertechnetate solution (Na {sup 99m} Tc O{sub 4-}) with an activity of 370 MBq. The solution was boiled for 10 min and filtered through a cellulose ester filter. The labeling efficiency was on the order of 92%, remaining stable for six hours and the kit remained stable for two months. The biological activity of the {sup 99m} Tc-CFT was evaluated by diffusion in agar impregnated with E.coli and S. aureus. Seven Wistar rats, weighing from 200 to 250 g, were used for the development of the septic focus. After 24 hours from the induction of the infectious site (E.coli), the animals were anesthetized and 0.1 mL of {sup 99m} Tc-CFT (37 MBq) was injected into the tail veins of the animals. The images were obtained with a gamma camera one, two and six hours after injection and the regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. The diameters of the inhibition halos for {sup 99}m Tc-CFT were 27.16 {+-} 0.23 and 27.17 {+-} 0.20 for S.aureus and E.coli, respectively, while those for the unlabeled CFT were 30.4 {+-} 0.33 and 29.43 {+-} 0.26, respectively. The results for the biodistribution of {sup 99m} Tc-CFT in infected animals furnished a ratio of 1.97 {+-} 0.31, 2.10 {+-} 0.42 and 2.01 {+-} 0.42 for cpm-target/cpm-no target for the one, two and six-hour periods, respectively. The images showed a clear uptake of labeled antibiotic ({sup 99m} Tc-CFT) by the infectious site during the experiment. The results attest to the viability of producing a kit with {sup 99m} technetium-labeled ceftizoxime for the

  17. Physicochemical and Biological Analysis of 99mTc-Glutathione Radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    ME- Sriyani; N- Zainuddin

    2013-01-01

    99m Tc-glutathion ( 99m Tc-GSH) radiopharmaceutical is available in the GSH lyophilized-kit in which ready to use directly after adding 99m Tc radionuclide. In nuclear medicine, 99m Tc-GSH diagnostic kit is a radiopharmaceutical commonly utilized for cancer diagnoses using imaging method. This paper described the physicochemical and biological characteristics as well as the quality of 99m Tc-GSH diagnostic kit prepared from the GSH lyophilized-kit. The radiochemical purity was determined with thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, performed on a TLC-SG stationary phase with a mobile phase of a dried acetone and 0,9% of NaCl solution. Studies on the effect of volume and radioactivity of Na 99m TcO 4 solution to the radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-GSH were carried out. The sterility of GSH-lyophilized kit and toxicity of 99m Tc-GSH were also investigated. The stability test on GSH lyophilized kit and 99m Tc-GSH in several storage conditions, as well as the plasma stability of 99m Tc-GSH was performed. The analysis result showed that the GSH lyophilized-kit was sterile; the 99m Tc-GSH was non toxic with 99.54 ± 0.01% of radiochemical purity and remained stable 5 hours either at room temperature or 4℃. The volume more than 4 mL of Na 99m TcO 4 solution on the labeling of GSH could decreased the 99m Tc-GSH radiochemical purity, while the radioactivity more than 20 mCi in 7 mL of volume extended the incubation time. In-vitro stability test of 99m Tc-GSH in plasma showed that in the two hours of storage, the radiochemical purity decreased to 51.84 ± 2.52%, and until 5 hours of storage it did not change significantly. From the result, it can be concluded that the GSH lyophilized-kit was remained stable after 13 month of storage either at room temperature or 4℃ with 99% of 99m Tc-GSH radiochemical purity. (author)

  18. Status of Tc-99m and 99Mo/99mTc generator production in Bangladesh

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abedin, Md. Zainul; Haque, Md. Azizul; Ali, Md. Ramjan; Hossain, Md. Anwar; Razzaque, Md. Abdur; Yasmin, Lyzu; Waheed, M. Fatima; Akhter, Rabeya; Mondal, Rafiuddin

    2007-01-01

    Radioisotope Production Division (RIPD) produced instant technetium-99m by solvent extraction method for several years. On R and D basis, the division produced portable sterile Tc-99m sublimation generator by irradiating titanium molybdate in the reactor. The division produced (4/batch) from imported fission Mo-99 till June 2005. Since August 2005, as per demand of the government hospitals, the division have been producing 12-14 pieces of 15 GBq chromatographic 99m Tc-generators weekly by using the new generator production plant installed last year having online Mo-99 loading system with the of producing 50 generator per batch. Development of PZC and (n,γ) 99 Mo based generator holds potential in Bangladesh. (author)

  19. Clinical application of 99mTc-DTPA-HSA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kawamura, Yasuaki; Yamazaki, Junichi; Okuzumi, Ichio

    1989-01-01

    A newly developed blood pool imaging agent, Tc-99m DTPA-HSA (Tc-99m HSA-D), was clinically assessed in blood pool studies of patients with heart disease. Twenty mCi of Tc-99m HSA-D was iv injected to the patients. Similarly, conventional Tc-99m HSA was injected one week later for comparison. Blood counts of Tc-99m HSA-D were significantly higher than those of Tc-99m HSA at 30 minutes after iv injection (p<0.01) and at one, 3, and 6 hours (p<0.001). For the heart, liver, and lungs, sequential counts of Tc-99m HSA-D were also significantly higher than those of Tc-99m HSA. Free Tc-99m uptake in the stomach, thyroid gland, and kidneys was higher on Tc-99m HSA images than Tc-99m HSA-D images. Hepatic and pulmonary uptake of free Tc-99m that were visualized on Tc-99m HSA-D did not influence the diagnostic ability. None of the patients had clinical toxicity of Tc-99m HSA-D. The results indicate that Tc-99m HSA-D is a stable blood pool imaging agent. (Namekawa, K)

  20. Influence of antiseptic on the impurities in the preparation of dimercaptosuccinic labelled with {sup 99m}Tc; Influence des antiseptiques sur la presence d'impuretes dans la preparation de l'acide dimercaptosuccinique marque au 99mTc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Metaye, T.; Rosenberg, T.; Perdrisot, R. [CHU de Poitiers, Service de medecine nucleaire et biophysique, 86 (France)

    2010-07-01

    Purpose: antiseptic solutions are used to disinfect the rubber stoppers on the bottles of radiopharmaceutical. Small amounts of these solutions can pass into the bottle when the cap is pricked to inject the {sup 99m}Tc. After finding in a patient a suboptimal labelling using biseptin, we studied the effect of various antiseptics on the presence of impurities in the preparation of the dimercaptosuccinic acid labelled with {sup 99m}Tc ({sup 99m}Tc-D.M.S.A.). Conclusions: We recommend using 70% isopropanol or modified alcohol Cooper instead of biseptin to disinfect the D.M.S.A. bottles caps. (N.C.)

  1. Results of regular study on radionuclidic purity of sup(99m)Tc obtained from 99Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vlcek, J.; Rohacek, J.; Husak, V.

    1979-01-01

    A total of 39 sup(99m)Tc eluates obtained from 9 99 Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators delivered by The Radiochemical Centre Amersham during one year was studied with regard to their radionuclide purity. Using a Ge(Li) spectrometer the contaminants 60 Co, 103 Ru, 131 I, 134 Cs, 140 La and 188 Re were found in sup(99m)Tc-eluates with average levels ranging from 2.9 x 10 -3 to 2.8 x 10 -1 per cent of sup(99m)Tc activity. The additional total body absorbed dose caused by these contaminants, as calculated from their average content in sup(99m)Tc eluates, was less than 1% of the dose due to sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate. (orig.) 891 MG/orig. 892 CS [de

  2. Direct {sup 99m}Tc labeling of Herceptin (trastuzumab) by {sup 99m}Tc(I) tricarbonyl ion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, W.-J.; Yen, C.-L.; Lo, S.-T.; Chen, K.-T. [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Lo, J.-M. [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: jmlo@mx.nthu.edu.tw

    2008-03-15

    By simply incubating Herceptin (trastuzumab) with [{sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}(OH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sup +} ion in saline, a significant yield of {sup 99m}Tc-labeled trastuzumab was found to be achievable. The effective labeling may be based on that trastuzumab is inherent with endogenous histidine group to which {sup 99m}Tc(I) tricarbonyl ion can be strongly bound. For practical {sup 99m}Tc labeling processing, trastuzumab was purified beforehand from the commercial product, Herceptin (Genentech) via size exclusion chromatography to remove the excipient, {alpha}-histidine and a high-labeled yield could be obtained by incubating the purified trastuzumab with [{sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}(OH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sup +}. Retention of bioactivity of the {sup 99m}Tc(I)-labeled trastuzumab was validated using a cell binding test.

  3. Tc-99m Glu-Cys-Gly-His-Gly-Lys (ECG-HGK), a novel Tc-99m labeled hexapeptide for molecular tumor imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

    2016-03-01

    Domain 5 of kinin-free high molecular weight kininogen inhibits the adhesion of many tumor cell lines, and it has been reported that the histidine-glycine-lysine (HGK)-rich region might be responsible for inhibition of cell adhesion. The authors developed HGK-containing hexapeptide, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-HGK, and evaluated the utility of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging. Hexapeptide, ECG-HGK was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency was evaluated. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro. In HT-1080 tumor-bearing mice, gamma imaging and biodistribution studies were performed. The complexes Tc-99m ECG-HGK was prepared in high yield. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within the HT-1080 tumor cells had been demonstrated by in vitro studies. The gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-HGK was accumulated substantially in the HT-1080 tumor (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 5.7 ± 1.4 at 4 h), and the tumoral uptake was blocked by the co-injection of excess HGK (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 2.8 ± 0.6 at 4 h). In the present study, Tc-99m ECG-HGK was developed as a new tumor imaging agents. Our in vitro and in vivo studies revealed specific function of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  4. Synthesis and evaluation of 99mTc/99Tc-MAG3-biotin conjugates for antibody pretargeting strategies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gog, Frank B. van; Visser, Gerard W.M.; Gowrising, Radjish W.A.; Snow, Gordon B.; Dongen, Guus A.M.S. van

    1998-01-01

    Four 99m Tc-MAG3-biotin conjugates were synthesized to determine their potential use in antibody pretargeting strategies for radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS). To use these 99m Tc-MAG3-biotin conjugates as model compounds for 186 Re-MAG3-biotin conjugates for radioimmunotherapy (RIT), nanomolar amounts of 99 Tc were added as carrier to 99m Tc. The biotin derivatives used for the preparation of the conjugates - biocytin, biotin hydrazide, biotinyl-piperazine, and biotinyl-diaminosuccinic acid - differed at the site that is regarded to be susceptible to hydrolysis by biotinidase present in human plasma. All four conjugates were produced with high radiochemical purity, were stable in PBS, and demonstrated full binding capacity to streptavidin. The 99m Tc/ 99 Tc-MAG3-labeled biotinyl-piperazine and biotinyl-diaminosuccinic acid conjugates were stable in mouse as well as human plasma, whereas the corresponding biocytin and biotin hydrazide conjugates were rapidly degraded. The biodistribution in nude mice at 30 min after injection was similar for all conjugates, and a rapid blood clearance and high intestinal excretion were both observed. It is concluded that the metabolic routing of a conjugate containing biotin and MAG3 is dominated by these two moieties. For this reason, MAG3-biotin conjugates do not seem suited for pretargeted RIT, for which quantitative and fast renal excretion is a prerequisite to minimize radiation toxicity. However, in a pretargeted RIS approach the 99m Tc-MAG3-biotin conjugates might have potential

  5. Preparation, radiochemical purity control and stability of 99mTc-mertiatide (Mag-3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Van Hemert, F.J.; Schimmel, K.J.M.; Van Eck-Smit, B.L.F.; Van Lenthe, H.

    2005-01-01

    Scintigraphic image analysis of 99m Tc-mertiatide (Mag-3, mercaptoacetyltriglycine) clearance provides the determination of the blood flow, the tubular transit time and the excretion as well from both kidneys. Radiopharmaceutical routine recommends a radiochemical purity control before administration of the product to a patient. The main objective of this study is to develop a Mag-3 labeling procedure that fits better than the previous one in our daily routine production of radiopharmaceuticals. Increasing proportions of 99m Tc-Mag-3 were measured during the heating and cooling steps of the Mag-3 labeling procedure. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to confirm the results of a rapid radiochemical quality control assay on standard instant thin-layer chromatography-silica gel (ITLC-SG) paper. The reconstitution time takes 20-25 minutes from the harvest of pertechnetate to a ready-for-use calibrated patient syringe. The HPLC profile of 99m Tc-Mag-3 including its minor impurities remains unchanged for 24-48 hours after reconstitution. The application of a programmable Peltier-directed device for heating/cooling provides a better control of the temperature course. The procedure proposed fully meets the labeling criteria recommended by the supplier and can be performed with a minimum of attention within a time-span that we formerly needed for solely the radiochemical purity control assay. Moreover, 99m Tc-Mag-3 prepared in this way seems to be considerably more stable than mentioned in the manufacturer's instructions. (author)

  6. Current status of research and development of 99Mo/99mTc generator in Korea

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, U.J.; Lee, J.S.; Son, K.J.; Nam, S.S.; Kwak, S.I.; Han, H.S.

    2006-01-01

    To supply 99m Tc in stable and economical manner in Korea, a chromatographic generator has been under development at KAERI since late 1980's. The chromatographic type of technetium generator is preferred in hospital because it is more convenient and less time-restricted for applications. Hence, the demand of 99m Tc in medical applications is keep increasing. In Korea, there are more than 200 gamma cameras including SPECT in hospitals. For these applications, approximately 100 units/week of 99m Tc generators of which annual cost reached 3 million US dollars were required in 2002. Hence, the development of 99m Tc generators and technology of fission 99 Mo processing were started while installing the generator loading facility (GLF) at KAERI. This facility is currently on a trial run for the commercial production of 99m Tc generators and expected to produce more than 200 generators per week in 2004. For the fission 99 Mo production, an annulus U foil target was considered as the LEU target. The designed LEU target is being used for target manufacturing test and accident analysis. The develop gel type 99m Tc generators by using a poly zirconium complex (PZC) and alumina column, KAERI has cooperated with a Japanese company since late 1990's. In 2003, experimental studies for molybdate adsorption capacity and elution characteristics of the PZC samples from three different batches produced by Kaken Co. were carried out. (author)

  7. Comparison of sup(99m)Tc-MDP to sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate by computerized quantitative joint scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rekonen, A.; Moettoenen, T.; Oka, M.

    1982-01-01

    99mTc-pertechnetate was compared to 99mTc-MDP in joint pairs with asymmetric arthritis. Markedly elevated joint activity ratios (inflamed/uninflamed joint) were measured in all the joint pairs studied. In the joints affected by reactive arthritis and without roentgenologic changes the mean joint activity was the same with both tracers. A very high activity ratio with 99mTc-MDP was found in septic arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis the sensitivity of 99mTc-MDP as an indicator of active arthritis seemed to be better than that of 99mTc-pertechnetate. Even in joints without erosions in roentgenograms the joint activity ratios were markedly elevated with 99mTc-MDP. This suggests, that high activity in 99mTc-MDP scanning might be prognostic of erosive joint changes. In this work a profile curve was used for quantitation differences between joints

  8. Preparation and characterization of iron(III) {sup 99}Mo-molybdate(VI) gels for the assessment of {sup 99m}Tc elution performance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Amin, Mahmoud; Fasih, Tharwat W.; El-Absy, Mohamed A. [Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt)

    2018-04-01

    New iron(III) {sup 99}Mo-molybdate(VI) gels (Fe{sup 99}Mo) of high Mo content were prepared by the precipitation/filtration method. {sup 99}Mo-MoO{sub 3} dissolved in NaOH was added to aqueous solutions of Fe(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} at Mo/Fe mole fractions ∝2.21 and 1.99 with continuous stirring at ambient room temperature. Two different Fe{sup 99}Mo were precipitated from the mixed solutions adjusted at pH 2 and 4.7. The amount of water of hydration increased with the increasing the gel settling time and pH of the mixed solution. The matrices were characterized by radiometric, XRD, SEM, XRF, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA measurements. Small chromatographic columns of 2.0 g Fe{sup 99}Mo containing ≥800 mg Mo tagged with 740 MBq {sup 99}Mo were eluted with 5 mL saline solution. Highly reproducible {sup 99m}Tc elution indices suitable for preparation of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators were achieved from generator supported with 0.5 g Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} filter. Elution performance of {sup 99m}Tc radionuclide was highly dependent on the gel structural properties.

  9. A solid-phase technique for preparation of no-carrier-added technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals: application to the streptavidin/biotin system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dunn-Dufault, Robert; Pollak, Alfred; Fitzgerald, Jane; Thornback, John R.; Ballinger, James R.

    2000-01-01

    A high effective specific activity (HESA) formulation of a biotin-containing 99m Tc ligand [RP488: dimethyl-Gly-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Lys(Biotin)-Gly] conveniently prepared from solid phase was compared to a typical low effective specific activity (LESA) solution formulation to demonstrate improved targeting to streptavidin in an in vitro assay and in an in vivo rat model. RP488 was coupled to a maleimide-functionalized polyethylene glycol resin via a thiol ether linkage and labeled with 99m Tc-gluconate at room temperature, followed by elution of the HESA 99m Tc-RP488 in saline (minimum specific activity ∼ 1000 TBq/mmol by amino acid analysis). Both HESA and LESA 99m Tc-RP488 labeled at > 90% purity. In vitro, HESA 99m Tc-RP488 incubated with streptavidin-agarose was bound quantitatively, but there was competition from addition of increasing amounts of cold RP488. In rats, radiotracer uptake was evident at the site of implantation of streptavidin-agarose beads for the HESA dose, less uptake of low effective specific activity (LESA) material, and no appreciable uptake in the control rats of the LESA or HESA dose. The target-to-background ratio for HESA 99m Tc-RP488 was 5.4 times that of the control. The solid-phase technology offers a convenient way to prepare high specific activity receptor-targeting 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals

  10. Hepatic accumulation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diphosphonate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayashi, Sanshin; Oyama, Kazuyuki; Hirakawa, Ken; Akaike, Akira; Kogure, Takashi

    1977-01-01

    Six cases of hepatic accumulation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-EHDP (ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate) were encountered among 31 cases of bone scintigram. There were no uniformly common factors in sex, age, disease, liver function, or other laboratory data in these six patients. Colloidal formation was suspected since sup(99m)Tc-Sn-EHDP accumulated in the liver and spleen. EHDP vials from the same kit were analyzed and nothing abnormal was detected. EHDP vials of the same lot number were used in all of 31 cases. Samples of sup(99m)Tc eluate obtained from the same generator used to prepare EHDP and saline eluent from the same stock material used to elute the generator were analyzed. A small amount of aluminum ion and other oxidizer were found but they were thought to be insufficient as factors in the high liver uptake of EHDP because of too small a quantity. pH of sup(99m)Tc eluate was not unusual. Colloidal formation at the time of preparation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-EHDP is not conceivable since most of the patients undergo bone scintigram without hepatic accumulation. It was assumed that somatic metallic ion substance, serum protein, or other endogeneous matter was responsible for the high liver uptake of EHDP. (auth.)

  11. Chemical aspects of labeling sucralfate with 99mTcO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Billinghurst, M.W.; Abrams, D.N.; Lawson, M.S.

    1989-01-01

    Two formulations of [ 99m Tc]sucralfate have been used to image gastric and duodenal ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease. One formulation is a complexation of [ 99m Tc]HSA with sucralfate. The second is prepared by directly labeling sucralfate with [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate in the presence of stannous ion. An in vitro study of the factors affecting the production and stability of these labeled sucralfate preparations was conducted. Both formulations were stable at the acidic pH likely encountered in the stomach. However, at pH greater than 6 the albumin-sucralfate complex began to dissociate while directly labeled sucralfate was stable to a pH of 9. Conversely it was shown that directly labeled sucralfate was more susceptible to loss of 99m Tc to other chelating species. Sucralfate complexed with [ 99m Tc]HSA was radiochemically stable up to a specific activity of 26 GBq (700 mCi) per gram while directly labeled sucralfate showed decreased 24-hr stability at specific activities greater than 837 mCi (31 GBq) per gram

  12. Breast-milk radioactivity after a Tc-99m DTPA aerosol/Tc-99m MAA lung study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mountford, P.J.; Hall, F.M.; Wells, C.P.; Coakley, A.J.

    1984-01-01

    Measurements were made of the concentration of Tc-99m activity in samples of breast milk following an administration of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol for a lung ventilation image and one of Tc-99m MAA for lung perfusion. The activity was 222 nCi/ml of milk (8.2 kBq/ml) at 2 hr after the MAA injection, and it was found to be excreted exponentially with an effective half-life of 4.6 hr. There was a small incorporation of Tc-99m into breast-milk protein. The authors conclude that the combined use of these two Tc-99m agents did not indicate the interruption of breast feeding beyond 24 hr after administration of the MAA, and that for an aerosol ventiliation study alone, breast feeding need not be interrupted for more than 4 hr after the test

  13. Preparation of a pure 99mTc-F(ab')2 radioimmunoconjugate by direct labeling methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Griffiths, G.L.; Jones, A.L.; Hansen, H.J.; Goldenberg, D.M.

    1994-01-01

    Intact IgG and Fab' can be labeled directly with 99m Tc to give quantitative incorporation of radioactivity into the protein. With F(ab') 2 the reductive conditions yield a mixture of 99m Tc-F(ab') 2 and 99m Tc-Fab'. We now report a direct labeling method to produce only 99m Tc-F(ab') 2 in quantitative yield and contaminated with 99m Tc-Fab'. The properties, stability and biodistribution of the 99m Tc-F(ab') 2 have been compared to 99m Tc-Fab'. This new technology will allow us to compare technetium direct-labeled IgG, F(ab') 2 and Fab' derivatives of the same antibody for radioimmunodetection. (author)

  14. Biodistribution of immunoliposome labeled with Tc-99m in tumor xenografted mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kitamura, Naoto; Shigematsu, Naoyuki; Nakahara, Tadaki; Kanoh, Momoe; Hashimoto, Jun; Kunieda, Etsuo; Kubo, Atsushi

    2009-01-01

    Immunoliposome (PEG, GAH, liposome; PGL), consisting of F(ab') 2 fragment of monoclonal antibody, GAH and polyethyleneglycol-coated (PEGylated) liposome was provided. Immunoliposome, PGL was labeled with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) by two methods: labeling F(ab') 2 fragment with Tc-99m; Tc-99m-PGL, and entrapping Tc-99m into liposome; PGL[Tc-99m]. The objective of this study was to compare the biodistribution of Tc-99m-PGL and PGL[Tc-99m] in human gastric cancer xenografted mice. Tc-99m-PGL, PGL[Tc-99m], and Tc-99m-entrapped liposome; Lipo[Tc-99m] were prepared. They were injected into human gastric cancer, MKN45, xenografted mice via the tail vein, and their biodistribution was studied. No marked accumulation of either PGL[Tc-99m] or Lipo[Tc-99m] was observed in the stomach. The uptake of Tc-99m-PGL by the liver, spleen, and lung was higher than that by the tumor. On the other hand, the uptake of PGL[Tc-99m] by the lung and spleen was markedly lower as compared with that of Tc-99m-PGL; the accumulation of PGL[Tc-99m] was lower in the lung and higher in the spleen as compared with that of the tumor. Although the liver uptake of PGL[Tc-99m] was markedly decreased as compared with that of Tc-99m-PGL, it was higher than the uptake of the tumor. The Tc-99m-PGL was strongly taken up by the tumor, with a high level of incorporation also seen in the stomach. These findings suggest the need for further study of the labeling stability. PGL[Tc-99m] appears to show promise for high tumor uptake and retention. This is an important implication for the potential application of immunoliposomes entrapped with Re-186, instead of Tc-99m, in internal radiotherapy. (author)

  15. Tc99m MDP kits, production and quality control

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Othman, I.; Yassine, T.; Lababidi, Z.; Kouli, M.

    1992-11-01

    MDP kits for labelling with Tc 99m were locally produced in different conditions, and the conditions for preparation were optimized. The quality control studies showed that the prepared kits were very good quality and comparable with that imported. Radiochemical purities ranged between 95-98% while reduced technetium ranged between 2-3% and free pertechnetate did not exceed 1%. Bioscan and biodistribution studies also showed high localization of Tc 99m in the skeleton of rats and rabbits. (author). 8 refs., 14 tabs

  16. Preparation of clinical-scale 99Mo/99mTc column generator using neutron activated low specific activity 99Mo and nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 as column matrix.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chakravarty, Rubel; Ram, Ramu; Dash, Ashutosh; Pillai, M R A

    2012-10-01

    Preparation of clinical-scale (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generator using (n,γ) activated low specific activity (99)Mo and nanocrystalline γ-Al(2)O(3) as a high capacity sorbent matrix is attempted. Nanocrystalline γ-Al(2)O(3) was synthesized by 'solid state mechanochemical' reaction of aluminum nitrate with ammonium bicarbonate. Experimental parameters were optimized to effectively separate (99m)Tc from (99)Mo using this sorbent as the column matrix. The performance features of a 13 GBq (350 mCi) (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generator using this sorbent and (99)Mo produced by (n,γ) route having specific activity 12.9-18.5 GBq/g were evaluated for 10 days. The sorbent possessed the requisite selectivity for (99)Mo and demonstrated a maximum sorption capacity of 200 ± 5mg Mo/g, which is ~10 times higher than that of ordinary acidic alumina. The overall yield of (99m)Tc was >80%, with radionuclidic purity >99.99% and radiochemical purity >99%. The yield of (99m)Tc varied from 7.8 to 2.1 GBq in the eluate for the six days of operation of the generator. The radioactive concentration of (99m)Tc eluted was adequate for the formulation of radiopharmaceuticals. The performance of the generator remained consistent over an extended period of 10 days. The eluted (99m)Tc was suitable for the formulation of (99m)Tc-DMSA and (99m)Tc-EC resulting in high radiolabeling yields (>98%). The effectiveness of γ-Al(2)O(3) as a new generation sorbent in the development of clinically useful (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generator using low specific activity (99)Mo and yielding (99m)Tc with adequate radioactive concentration and high purity suitable for formulation of radiopharmaceuticals is demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. sup(99m)Tc-2-mercaptopropionylglycine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saji, Hideo; Odori, Teruo; Morita, Rikushi; Yokoyama, Akira; Tanaka, Hisashi.

    1979-01-01

    Labeling of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG) with sup(99m)Tc, was studied and its chemical characteristics were examined. Further, biliary excretion behavior of this complex was comparatively estimated in mice, rats and rabbits. sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG was rapidly excreted in large quantities into the bile in mice and rats: within 1 hr after injection, 51% of the injected dose was recovered from the bile in rats. On the other hand, the ligand exchange reaction between this complex and penicillamine indicates that a low hydrolyzed sup(99m)Tc species is coordinated with 2-MPG. These results suggest that a low hydrolyzed sup(99m)Tc state is an effective feature in biliary excretion behavior of sup(99m)Tc compounds. Another interesting in vivo behavior of sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG is the difference observed in mice and rabbits: in mice, very high sup(99m)Tc activity is concentrated in the gallbladder and the clearance from tissues other than the gallbladder is rapid, whereas in rabbits, although a rapid and high excretion into the gallbladder is observed, a considerable high sup(99m)Tc activity is retained in the liver and the kidney. One reason for this different in vivo behavior is the low stability of this complex at high dilution: a big animal has the large dilution volume which lead to higher decomposition estimated by the higher liver and kidney retention or the lower bile excretion. In conclusion, studies carried on sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG showed a good biliary excretion behavior but an in vivo unstableness in big animals. (author)

  18. Comparison of Tc-99m maraciclatide and Tc-99m sestamibi molecular breast imaging in patients with suspected breast cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Connor, Michael K; Morrow, Melissa M B; Hunt, Katie N; Boughey, Judy C; Wahner-Roedler, Dietlind L; Conners, Amy Lynn; Rhodes, Deborah J; Hruska, Carrie B

    2017-12-01

    Molecular breast imaging (MBI) performed with 99m Tc sestamibi has been shown to be a valuable technique for the detection of breast cancer. Alternative radiotracers such as 99m Tc maraciclatide may offer improved uptake in breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare relative performance of 99m Tc sestamibi and 99m Tc maraciclatide in patients with suspected breast cancer, using a high-resolution dedicated gamma camera for MBI. Women with breast lesions suspicious for malignancy were recruited to undergo two MBI examinations-one with 99m Tc sestamibi and one with 99m Tc maraciclatide. A radiologist interpreted MBI studies in a randomized, blinded fashion to assign an assessment score (1-5) and measured lesion size. Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratio was measured with region-of-interest analysis. Among 39 analyzable patients, 21 malignant tumors were identified in 21 patients. Eighteen of 21 tumors (86%) were seen on 99m Tc sestamibi MBI and 19 of 21 (90%) were seen on 99m Tc maraciclatide MBI (p = 1). Tumor extent measured with both radiopharmaceuticals correlated strongly with pathologic size ( 99m Tc sestamibi, r = 0.84; 99m Tc maraciclatide, r = 0.81). The L/B ratio in detected breast cancers was similar for the two radiopharmaceuticals: 1.55 ± 0.36 (mean ± S.D.) for 99m Tc sestamibi and 1.62 ± 0.37 (mean ± S.D.) for 99m Tc maraciclatide (p = 0.53). No correlation was found between the L/B ratio and molecular subtype for 99m Tc sestamibi (r s  = 0.12, p = 0.63) or 99m Tc maraciclatide (r s  = -0.12, p = 0.64). Of 20 benign lesions, 10 (50%) were seen on 99m Tc sestamibi and 9 of 20 (45%) were seen on 99m Tc maraciclatide images (p = 0.1). The average L/B ratio for benign lesions was 1.34 ±0.40 (mean ±S.D.) for 99m Tc sestamibi and 1.41 ±0.52 (mean ±S.D.) for 99m Tc maraciclatide (p = 0.75). Overall diagnostic performance was similar for both radiopharmaceuticals. AUC from ROC

  19. The role of Tc-99m IDA hepatobiliary and Tc-99m colloid hepatic imaging in primary biliary cirrhosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aburano, T.; Yokoyama, K.; Shuke, N.; Kinuya, S.; Takayama, T.; Tonami, N.; Hisada, K.

    1991-01-01

    To assess the presence of primary biliary cirrhosis, 15 patients at various histopathologic stages were studied by Tc-99m IDA hepatobiliary and/or Tc-99m colloid hepatic imaging. In the earlier stages (I and II), seven of eight patients (88%) showed uniform hepatic retention of Tc-99m IDA. Of seven patients in the same stage, however, four (57%) showed no abnormality on Tc-99m colliod imaging. In three of these four negative patients (75%), uniform hepatic retention of Tc-99m IDA was noted. In the later stages (III and IV), all seven patients showed decreased clearance with or without delayed tracer appearance in the intestine and prominent hepatic retention on Tc-99m IDA imaging; with Tc-99m colloid imaging there was enlargement of the spleen and increased activity in the spleen and bone marrow. Thus, Tc-99m IDA imaging is considered to be more useful in revealing this functional disorder at the earlier stage of primary biliary cirrhosis and in evaluating progression from an earlier to a later stage of disease. Tc-99m colloid imaging also effectively evaluated progression

  20. A review of 99mTc labeled myocardial imaging agents for tumor-positive imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xing Shian; Zhang Yongxue; An Rui

    2002-01-01

    The tumor-positive imaging with high sensitivity and specificity was useful in primary tumor and recurrences and metastases. The 99m Tc labeled myocardial imaging agents are easily available and stable and the radiochemical purity is high. 99m Tc is the preferred choice in routine works because its physical properties. The preparation, quality control, mechanism of accumulation and the clinical use of 99m Tc-sestamibi, 99m Tc-tetrofosmin, 99m Tc-furifosmin, and 99m Tc-N-NOET were reviewed

  1. Preparation of 99mTC-HYNIC-TOC and study on patients with tumour/cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Widyastuti; Anna Roseliana; Cecep Taufik; Sri Aguswarini; Aisyah Elliyanti

    2007-01-01

    99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC has been widely used as tumor imaging agent specifically for neuroendocrine tumors, so it can become an alternative of diagnosis modality for such tumors. Labeling HYNIC-TOC with 99m Tc has been carried out using tricine and EDDA as co-ligands as well as preparation of HYNIC-TOC dry kits. Identification of 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC was carried out using reversed phase HPLC, the results was compared with unlabeled HYNIC-TOC, whereas radiochemical purity was measured by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography (PC) using 3 eluant, i.e. acetone, phosphate buffer saline pH 7 and mixture of ammonium acetate and methanol (1:1). Biodistribution test of 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC was carried out on normal mice to see its pharmacokinetic behaviour. Kit stability on storage at 4°C was observed by measuring its labeling efficiency with 99m Tc every month. The results of HPLC measurement showed similar retention time between labeled and unlabeled HYNIC-TOC (at 18-19 minutes), and it radiochemical purity resulted from TLC/PC analysis was more than 80 %. Biodistribution on normal mice showed high accumulation in kidneys and bladder whereas in blood and other organs the accumulation was low. The dry kits of HYNIC-TOC stored at 4°C remain stable up to 1 month, but in the second month of storage the radiochemical purity decreased significantly to less than 80%. Administration to patients with mammae cancer and prostate cancer showed image at a certain area at 1 and 4 hours after injection, it indicated that metastasis was encountered. (author)

  2. Preparation of 99mTc-Hynic TOC for Clinical Diagnosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poramatikul, Nipavan; Sangsuriyan, Jatupol; Sriweing, Wiranee; Minsakorn, Napharat; Ngamprayad, Tippanan; Laloknam, Surasak; Permtermsin, Chalermsin

    2007-08-01

    Full text: Labeling of 99mTc-Hynic TOC for diagnosis of neuroendrocrine tumor was studied. It was found that labeling yield of the prepared product was more than 90%. The purified product is sterile, free from pyrogen and has more than 95% radiochemical purity. More over it was stable up to 24 hours. Biodistribution study of AR42J induced mice showed high uptake in tumor at 2 and 4 hours post injection. Maximum uptake of tumor was about 400 to normal tissue

  3. Using radioisotopes compounds (99mTc-infecton and 99mTcHIG) in evaluating and examination of pulmonary tuberculosis patients

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moustafa, H. M.; Abdul-Hakeem, O.; Mohammad, K.; Briton, K.

    2000-01-01

    This study examined 40 patients: 34 have pulmonary tuberculosis, 3 have pneumonitis, 2 have lung cancer, and one has bilharziasis. All patients have been imaged using radioisotopes compounds (99mTc-infecton and 99mTcHIG) and after 1 hour and 4 hours of patients injection.Using 99mTc-infecton gave positive results in 30 pulmonary tuberculosis patients out of 34, the 3 pneumonitis patients, while using 99mTcHIG gave positive results in 27 pulmonary tuberculosis patients including the 3 pneumonitis patients. Both 99mTc-infecton and 99mTcHIG gave negative results with the lung cancer patients and unreal positive results with the bilharziasis patient. It has been found that the sensitivity and accuracy in the examinations using 99mTc-infecton were 88%, 93%, and 85.7% respectively in comparison with using 99mTcHIG where the values were 70.6%, 91%, and 68.5% respectively. Continuing examination and monitoring of 18 tuberculosis patients for 2-18 months with anti-pulmonary tuberculosis treatment, showed complete response of 12 patients using 99mTc-infecton, and 8 by using 99mTcHIG. As a result, 99mTc-infecton can be used for examining pulmonary tuberculosis patients

  4. Comparative study of 99Mo/99mTc generators at base of synthesized gels starting from activation and fission 99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez M, I.Z.; Monroy G, F.; Rivero G, T.; Rojas N, P.

    2007-01-01

    The 99m Tc is used for diagnostic and therapy. It is produced starting from 99 Mo, absorbed in chromatographic columns, loaded with alumina that absorb only 0.2% of 99 Mo with high specific activities of 99 Mo, obtained from the 235 U fission. Given these conditions and limitations, new preparation procedures of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators, its have been developed, using zirconium molybdates gels that incorporates until 30% of 99 Mo, conserve similar characteristics of quality and purity that the traditional generator. The radiochemical characteristics of the 99m Tc elution, depend strongly on the gel preparation conditions. In particular, the present work has by object to determine the influence of the 99 Mo used type, fission or activation product, during the gels synthesis, as well as the used air flow for the agitation in the gels preparation and its influence in the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators quality. When diminishing the flow of agitation air the efficiency it increases and in the radionuclide purity of the eluates and when using 99 Mo from fission for the gels production it increases in an important way the elutriation efficiency, the radiochemical and radionuclide purity of the 99m Tc eluates. (Author)

  5. Preparation of 99sup(m)Tc pyridoxylideneglutamate as an imaging agent for gall bladder

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fraga de Suarez, A.; Mitta, A.E.A.; Parera, V.E.

    1980-04-01

    The preparation of pyridoxylideneglutamate 99 sup(m)Tc is described ITLC (S.G.) is suggested as a test method, the compound was assayed in rabbits and the stability of a non liofilized kit was determined. (author) [es

  6. Influence of Storage Temperature on Radiochemical Purity of 99mTc-Radiopharmaceuticals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uccelli, Licia; Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Cittanti, Corrado; Bertelli, Stefania; Bortolotti, Doretta; Govoni, Elena; Lodi, Luca; Romani, Simona; Zaccaria, Samanta; Zappaterra, Elisa; Farina, Donatella; Rizzo, Carlotta; Giganti, Melchiore; Bartolomei, Mirco

    2018-03-15

    The influence of effective room temperature on the radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals was reported. This study was born from the observation that in the isolators used for the preparation of the 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals the temperatures can be higher than those reported in the commercial illustrative leaflets of the kits. This is due, in particular, to the small size of the work area, the presence of instruments for heating, the continuous activation of air filtration, in addition to the fact that the environment of the isolator used for the 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals preparation and storage is completely isolated and not conditioned. A total of 244 99m Tc-radiopharmaceutical preparations (seven different types) have been tested and the radiochemical purity was checked at the end of preparation and until the expiry time. Moreover, we found that the mean temperature into the isolator was significantly higher than 25 °C, the temperature, in general, required for the preparation and storage of 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals. Results confirmed the radiochemical stability of radiopharmaceutical products. However, as required in the field of quality assurance, the impact that different conditions than those required by the manufacturer on the radiopharmaceuticals quality have to be verified before human administration.

  7. 99mTc labeling of carbon nanomaterials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chu Ying; Li Qingnuan; Li Wenxin; Li Yufeng; Zhang Xiaoyong

    2008-01-01

    The effects of experimental conditions on preparation of 99m Tc-labeled carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon blacks by SnCl 2 were investigated. At given conditions the labeling yields were over 90%. In a culture medium, the radiochemical purity of the labeling compounds kept (86 ± 4)% within 2.5 h. The 99m Tc-labeled MWNTs and NCBs obtained in this work meet satisfactory experimental demands for study of cellular uptake and toxicity. The experiments showed that labeling process was based on physical adsorption of low valent technetium resulted from reduction reaction on the surface of the carbon nanomaterials. (authors)

  8. Preparation and stability of the {sup 99m} Tc-HNE{sub 2} radiopharmaceutical; Preparacion y estabilidad del radiofarmaco {sup 99m} TC-HNE{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Estrada T, J

    2002-07-01

    conjugate the solid phase extraction was used, using the C-18 sep-pak cartridges. The native peptide and the conjugate were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a molecular exclusion column for YMC-Pack Diol-60 peptides, phosphates buffer 0.1 M p H= 7.4 at a flux 1.5 ml/min; integrated to a diode arrangement detector to obtain the UV spectra and a radioactivity detector for obtaining the radio chromatograms of the compounds in study, verifying that the different bifunctional agents will be separate appropriately from the peptide, once formed the conjugate peptide, the labelling with {sup 99m} Tc was realized using sodium pertechnetates (NaTcO{sub 4}) eluted from a {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m} Tc generator and as a reducer agent stannous chloride. The In vitro stability tests were realized measuring the radiochemical purity of the radio peptide in Instant Thin Layer Chromatography with silica-gel (ITLC-SG), NaCl 0.9% and acetone as eluent systems at different time intervals in solutions of different cysteine concentration. These tests indicated the trans chelation grade of the {sup 99m} Tc metal. In the In vivo evaluations the stability of the {sup 99m} Tc-HNE-2 was obtained when it was realized the biodistribution in normal mice of the balb-c stock. The obtained results show a radiochemical purity of 95.05 % {+-} 2.81% for the {sup 99m} Tc-DTPA-HNE-2 conjugates and 51.45% {+-} 3.2% for {sup 99m} Tc-HYNIC-HNE-2 even as tricine as colligand was used. The In vivo and In vitro stability tests of the radio conjugates show that the radio complexes are keeping whole at least during 24 hours (In vitro) time in which passing for half life of the {sup 99m} Tc radionuclide and 30 min (In vivo). Since the radio conjugates prepared with DTPA were obtained with radiochemical purities adequate for its use in scintillography, it is necessary as a future work to realize the biodistribution kinetics as in healthy animals as in models with induced infectious processes

  9. Design of a formulation for the preparation of 99m Tc-(V)-Dmsa and 186 Re-(V)-Dmsa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marquez L, M.B.

    1998-01-01

    Among the radiopharmaceuticals used for neoplasia, we can find the dimercaptosuccinic acid (Dmsa) labelled with 99m Tc and 186/188 Re. Initially, the 99m Tc-(III)-Dmsa was employed as a renal image agent. Nevertheless, when it is prepared into a basic solution, the 99m Tc-(V)-Dmsa complex is produced in high yield being cumulated by cells with a great metabolic activity. This property makes it a useful radiopharmaceutical for the detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), soft-tissue tumors and other head and neck tumors. On the other hand, the renewed interest in β - emitting radionuclides, suggests that the 186 Re-(V)-Dmsa complex could be used as antineoplastic agent in therapy. However, the techniques reported for the preparation of these compounds lack of stability studies and they are still in process of investigation, compromising to continue on the development of the radiopharmaceuticals by introducing new possibilities for better products already known, obtaining in this way, the approximation to the ideal radiopharmaceutical. The objective of this work is to design a freeze dried kit formulation for the instant preparation of 99m Tc-(V)-Dmsa and 186 Re-(V)-Dmsa complexes useful in the diagnostic and therapy of soft-tissue tumors and other head and neck tumors. We obtained a freeze dried stable formulation for the preparation of 99m Tc-(V)-Dmsa kit with a radiochemical purity higher than 90 %, which fulfills with the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we developed analytical techniques for the determination of the different chemical compounds into the lyophilized kit. On the other hand, we obtained the optimum conditions for preparation of 186 Re-(V)-Dmsa complex in high radiochemical yields (>90%). (Author)

  10. The study of x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy of 99mTc-RBC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song Chunyi

    1994-01-01

    99m Tc-RBC are widely used as visualization agents for a blood pool. In this research 99m Tc-RBC was prepared by in vivo labeling. The chemical state and changes of 99m Tc atoms in 99m Tc-RBC was determined by x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). The stability of 99m Tc-RBC is best shown by the determination of XPS at one hour or at two hours after labeling. There are two ways of coordination of bonding of RBC and 99m Tc: One is the coordination of 99m Tc with the oxygen atom which carries a negative charge of the carboxyl radical on the polypeptide bond, the other is the coordination of 99m Tc with a sulfur atom which caries the negative charge of cysteine. From the E b value of 99m Tc-RBC 99m Tc 3d5/2, it can be inferred that 99m Tc of 99m Tc-RBC is less than a trivalent. At the same time, the results of the determination by XPS with the compounds containing 99 TcO 4 - , 99 Tc(V), 99 Tc(IV) and 99 Tc(III) show that the chemical shift is lowered as the reduction state is lowered. Experimental results coincide with theoretical inferences

  11. 99mTc-DMSA complex preparation. The effect of pH and tin(II) chloride amount on reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benkovsky, I.; Stanik, R.

    2010-01-01

    Labelling of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) with technetium-99m was reinvestigated. Dependence of the 99m Tc-DMSA complex formation on the molar ratio of DMSA:reducing agent (SnCl 2 · 2H 2 O) and pH was studied. Five different types of 99m Tc-DMSA complexes were determined. Especially three different complexes were established in the clinically used and prepared DMSA kit labelled with 99m Tc under alkaline condition. This radiopharmaceutical is used as imaging agent of the primary medullary carcinoma in the thyroid gland and different metastasis types. The existence of all complexes was observed by paper chromatography, paper electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. (author)

  12. Somatostatin analogues labelled with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obenaus, E.; Crudo, J.; Edreira, M.; Viaggi, M.; De Castiglia, S.G.

    2001-01-01

    The aim of the present work was to study the biological and radiochemical behaviour of two somatostatin analogues, the RC-160 and Tyr3Octreotide(TOC) peptides when labelling with 99m Tc by two methods: direct and indirect using S-benzoyl- mercaptoacetyl triglycine (MAG-3) and hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) as chelating agents. RC-160 was labelled with 125I (30% labelling yield) in order to examine its receptor specificity and to study the biodistribution in normal animals. A total binding of 30% and a non specific binding lower than 10% was obtained. On the other hand, the RC-160 was labelled with 99m Tc by a direct method (70% labelling yield), using sodium ascorbate and dithionite in order to reduce the peptide and 99m Tc, respectively. The synthesis of RC-160 with S-benzoyl MAG-3 and TOC with HYNIC, for labelling with 99m Tc are also described. The conjugates were prepared on a small scale and labelled with the radionuclide using tricine as co-ligands for HYNIC conjugates. Chromatographic studies were performed using HPLC system and radiochemical purities higher than 75% and 95% were obtained respectively. Biodistributions studies in normal Wistar rats were performed and results were correlated with chromatographic and protein binding properties. Lower lipophilicity of the labelled conjugates resulted in a higher renal excretion. HYNIC-TOC complex showed promising results when labelling with 99m Tc using tricine as co-ligand although higher stability should be found for ternary co-ligands compared to tricine. (author)

  13. Sup(99m)Tc(Sn)-sucralfate; development of an instant labelling kit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grouls, R.J.E.; Ackerman, E.W.; Weegh, G. op de

    1988-01-01

    An instant labelling kit for the preparation of 99m Tc(Sn)-sucralfate has been developed containing 500 mg sucralfate and 1 mg SnCl 2 · 2 H 2 O. The labelling yield, in vitro stability and biodistribution indicate (bio)equivalence of 99m Tc(Sn)-sucralfate and 99m Tc(HSA)-sucralfate. The percentages of labelling obtained with the kit during a period of 8 months always exceeded 95%. The preparation kit is inexpensive and the labelling procedure fast and easy. (author)

  14. Improved brain scan specificity utilizing /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate and /sup 99m/Tc(Sn)-diphosphonate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fischer, K.C.; McKusick, K.A.; Pendergrass, H.P.; Potsaid, M.S.

    1975-01-01

    Each of 36 patients was studied with two separate brain scans performed sequentially after the injection of 20 mCi of /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate or 20 mCi of /sup 99m/Tc(Sn)-diphosphonate. The resulting scans were qualitatively compared, and lesion-to-nonlesion ratios of activity determined. Diagnoses were established by clinical criteria and were supported in the majority of cases by computerized axial tomography or roentgen angiography or both. Histologic confirmation was available in five cases of tumor and in the single cases of subdural hematoma and cerebral abscess. Of 22 cerebral infarctions, 15 were better demonstrated with /sup 99m/Tc-(Sn)-diphosphonate than with /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate. Of the seven remaining cases, three were visualized equally well with each agent, and three were better demonstrated with /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate. One was not seen with either agent. Of the 12 tumors, 11 were visualized better with /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate than with /sup 99m/Tc(Sn)-diphosphonate while in one case the lesion was seen equally as well with both agents. In no case was a lesion definitely seen with one radio- pharmaceutical and not with the other. These results indicate that this dual method is helpful in differentiating gliomas and metastases from cerebral infarctions. (U.S.)

  15. Radiopharmacokinetic data for 99mTc-ABP - A new radiopharmaceutical for bone scanning: Comparison with 99mTc-MDP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murphy, Consuelo Arteaga de; Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Montoya-Molina, Carlos E.; Sepulveda-Mendez, Jesus

    1997-01-01

    Technetium-99m-labeled alendronate is a new radiopharmaceutical for bone scanning developed under strict quality control at the INNSZ. The purpose of this work was to compare the radiopharmacokinetic data and the dosimetry of 99m Tc-ABP and 99m Tc-MDP in 10 volunteers, after it was tested in laboratory animals. 99m Tc-ABP has shorter mean residence time (MRT) and t (1(2)) β; is less protein bound; has a higher renal clearance; smaller Vdss, and similar bone uptake at 1 and 2 h. 99m Tc-ABP gives less radiation exposure to the patient with a 740 MBq dose, and the quality of the bone scan is excellent. 99m Tc-ABP is a better radiopharmaceutical than 99m Tc-MDP for bone scanning

  16. Preparation of 99mTc-PQQ and preliminary biological evaluation for the NMDA receptor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yanyan Kong; Xingqin Zhou; Guoxian Cao; Xijie Xu; Meifen Zou; Xiaofeng Qin; Rongjun Zhang

    2011-01-01

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), an essential nutrient, antioxidant, redox modulator and nerve growth factor found in a class of enzymes called quinoproteins, was labeled with 99m Tc by using stannous fluoride (SnF2) method. Radiolabeling qualification, quality control and characterization of 99m Tc-PQQ and its biodistribution studies in mice were performed and discussed. Effects of pH values, temperature, time and reducing agents concentration on the radiolabeling yield were investigated. The quality control procedure of 99m Tc-PQQ was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), radio high-performance liquid chromatography (RHPLC) and paper electrophoresis methods. The average radiolabeling yield was 94 ± 1% under optimum conditions of 0.99 mg of PQQ, 30 μg of SnF 2 , 0.5 mg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) and 18.5 MBq of Na 99m TcO 4 at pH 6 and 25 deg C with a response volume of 1 ± 0.1 mL. 99m Tc-PQQ was stable and anionic. Lipid-water partition coefficient of 99m Tc-PQQ was -1.49 ± 0.16. The pharmacokinetics parameters of 99m Tc-PQQ were t 1/2α 18.16 min, t 1/2β = 100.45 min, K 12 = 0.013 min -1 , K 21 = 0.017 min -1 , K e 0.016 min -1 , AUC (area under the curve) = 1040.78 ID% g -1 min and CL (plasma clearance) = 0.096 mL min -1 . The dual-exponential equation was Y 10.88e -0.038t + 5.21e -0.0069t . The biodistribution of 99m Tc-PQQ was studied in ICR (Institute for Cancer Research 7701 Burhelme Are., Fox Chase, Philadelphia, PA 1911 USA) mice. In vitro autoradiographic studies clearly showed that the 99m Tc-PQQ radioactivity accumulated predominantly in the hippocampus and cortex, which had a high density of N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor (NMDAR). The enrichment can be blocked by NMDAR redox modulatory site antagonists-ebselen (EB) and 99m Tc-PQQ is therefore a promising candidate for the molecular imaging of NMDAR. To date, however, there have been no studies characterizing 99m Tc-PQQ. (author)

  17. Study of technetium behaviour in radiopharmaceuticals. Characterization of sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate, sup(99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinate, sup(99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate complexes and sup(99m)Tc-colloidal rhenium sulphide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saccavini, J.-C.

    1980-12-01

    The chemistry of technetium in extremely dilute solution was approached through the study of three complexing agents and a colloid. By the application of high-performance chromatographic techniques to the analysis of (Tc-pyro), (Tc-DTPA), (Tc-DMSA) complexes it was possible to isolate one or more chelates from a single complexing agent. Addition of pertechnetates to a solution of sodium pyrophosphates and stannous chloride at neutral pH leads to the formation of two complexes, both highly osteotropic. By the use of sup(117m)Sn it was shown that tin employed as reducing agent enters into the composition of one of the two complexes, either of which may be obtained preferentially by varying the (Sn)/(pyro) ratio. With technetium at acid pH (2.5) DMSA gives one or more chelates according to the concentration of the reagents present. DTPA with technetium at neutral pH gives a single complex for which a structure is proposed. The addition of calcium, indispensable for DTPA injection, leads to the appearance of a second bimetallic complex in very much smaller proportions than the first. The size distribution of some colloids was studied by ultrafiltration and permeation on gel. The preparation of colloidal rhenium sulphide and the technetium labelling conditions needed to obtain a very fine colloid were developed. The behaviour of technetium in the presence of colloidal rhenium sulphide and tin pyrophosphate was followed by sup(99m)Tc - sup(186)Re and sup(99m)Tc - sup(117m)Sn double-labelling tests. One reduced technetium fraction associates with the hydrolysed tin, the other follows the rhenium sulphide [fr

  18. The effect of selected preparation variables on the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-EDDA-HYNIC-TOC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Betuel Tasdelen

    2011-01-01

    [ 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-D-Phe 1 , Tyr 3 ]-Ocreotide ( 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-TOC) increasingly emerges to be an alternative tool for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintigraphy of neuroendocrine tumours. The high quality of this radiopharmaceutical and its uniformity are very important facts for application of this preparation in clinical practice. Various factors may influence the radiochemical purity (RCP) of certain reagent kits. Some of these include the amount of activity added to the reagent kit, heating time and the age of the formulated kit. The effect of these factors on RCP of 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-TOC has been investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC). (author)

  19. The scintigraphy of sacroiliac joints. A comparison of 99mTc-DPD and 99mTc-MDP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lantto, T.

    1990-01-01

    The accumulation of 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate ( 99m Tc-MDP) and 99m Tc-dicarboxypropane diphosphonate ( 99m Tc-DPD) in sacroiliac (si) joints was evaluated as a function of imaging time in 22 control patients and 5 patients with sacroiliitis. The controls were injected with either 99m Tc-DPD or 99m Tc-MDP (12 and 10 patients, respectively) and the patients with sacroiliitis with both agents within 5 days. Both the anterior and posterior views of the si joints were taken. The sacroiliac joint-to-sacrum (SI/S) ratio was calculated with the region of interest method. No statistically significant differences between these bone-seeking agents were found in the SI/S ratios of the control or the diseased patients. A clear overlap of indices (mean±SD) was found between the control patients and the patients with sacroiliitis. When the inflamed si joint was divided into three small adjacent areas and the SI/S ratios calculated for these areas, a statistically significant (P 99m Tc-DPD and in most patients injected with 99m Tc-MDP. In the posterior views, the significance was less marked. In every case, the inflamed part of the si joint was visible in the anterior views. The background subtraction had the greatest effect on the SI/S ratio of anterior images, but in the posterior views no significance was found. The low specificity of sacroiliac joint imaging must be taken into consideration when the results are interpreted. (orig.)

  20. Different uptake of 99mTc-ECD adn 99mTc-HMPAO in the same brains: analysis by statistical parametric mapping.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hyun, Y; Lee, J S; Rha, J H; Lee, I K; Ha, C K; Lee, D S

    2001-02-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) and technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) uptake in the same brains by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. We examined 20 patients (9 male, 11 female, mean age 62+/-12 years) using 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO single-photon emission tomography (SPET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain less than 7 days after onset of stroke. MRI showed no cortical infarctions. Infarctions in the pons (6 patients) and medulla (1), ischaemic periventricular white matter lesions (13) and lacunar infarction (7) were found on MRI. Split-dose and sequential SPET techniques were used for 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPET, without repositioning of the patient. All of the SPET images were spatially transformed to standard space, smoothed and globally normalized. The differences between the 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO SPET images were statistically analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 96 software. The difference between two groups was considered significant at a threshold of uncorrected P values less than 0.01. Visual analysis showed no hypoperfused areas on either 99mTc-ECD or 99mTc-HMPAO SPET images. SPM analysis revealed significantly different uptake of 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO in the same brains. On the 99mTc-ECD SPET images, relatively higher uptake was observed in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, in the left superior temporal lobe and in the superior region of the cerebellum. On the 99mTc-HMPAO SPET images, relatively higher uptake was observed in the medial temporal lobes, thalami, periventricular white matter and brain stem. These differences in uptake of the two tracers in the same brains on SPM analysis suggest that interpretation of cerebral perfusion is possible using SPET with 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO.

  1. A reliable method for the quality control of 99mTc-MIBI prepared using fractionated cardiolite kits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poot, M.T.; Varelis, P.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: The reconstitution of fractionated Cardiolite kits with Na[ 99m Tc]TcO 4 eluted from a wet-column generator results in a preparation that contains elevated amounts of a polar radiochemical impurity, which is normally present in only trace amounts when such kits are reconstituted with eluate from a dry-column generator. We demonstrate, using HPLC, that this impurity causes a positive bias in several reported quality control methods (TLC, ITLC and SPE) for 99m Tc-MIBI, including that recommended by the manufacturer (TLC). A rapid procedure, based on a C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, for measuring the radiochemical purity (RCP) of 99m Tc-MIBI samples was developed and compared with three other methods including HPLC. Over a RCP range of 49-98%, the values obtained using our SPE method deviated from those obtained using HPLC by 1.1+1.395 (n=26). In conclusion our SPE method is a rapid and reliable means of quality controlling 99m Tc-MIBI

  2. A reliable method for the quality control of 99mTc-MIBI prepared using fractionated cardiolite kits

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Poot, M.T.; Varelis, P. [St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW (Australia). Department of Nuclear Medicine

    1998-06-01

    Full text: The reconstitution of fractionated Cardiolite kits with Na[{sup 99m}Tc]TcO{sub 4} eluted from a wet-column generator results in a preparation that contains elevated amounts of a polar radiochemical impurity, which is normally present in only trace amounts when such kits are reconstituted with eluate from a dry-column generator. We demonstrate, using HPLC, that this impurity causes a positive bias in several reported quality control methods (TLC, ITLC and SPE) for {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI, including that recommended by the manufacturer (TLC). A rapid procedure, based on a C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, for measuring the radiochemical purity (RCP) of {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI samples was developed and compared with three other methods including HPLC. Over a RCP range of 49-98%, the values obtained using our SPE method deviated from those obtained using HPLC by 1.1+1.395 (n=26). In conclusion our SPE method is a rapid and reliable means of quality controlling {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI

  3. Electrolytic 99mTcO4- reduction: a different pathway to obtain 99mTc-labelled compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Savio, E.; Kremer, C.; Gambino, D.; Kremer, E.; Leon, A.

    1991-01-01

    Electrolytic reduction of 99m TcO 4 - at inert electrodes to obtain 99m Tc cationic complexes and in vitro stability of labelled compounds were studied. Amines were used as neutral N-donor ligands and a systematic analysis of various parameters involved in the reduction process was performed. Usefulness of electrolytic reduction was proved as an alternative 99m Tc-labelling method. Its most important advantages are: production of complexes with a high radiochemical purity, negligible presence of red-hyd- 99m Tc, lack of foreign materials, simplicity of development and possibility of further applications. (author)

  4. 99mTc-tetrapeptides: radiolabelling and biodistribution in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Laznickova, A.; Laznicek, M.; Trejtnar, F.; Mather, S.J.

    1998-01-01

    Preparation of 99m Tc-labelled tetrapeptides, namely acetyl-Gly-Gly-Cys-Gly (I), acetyl-Ser-Ser-Cys-Gly (II) and acetyl-Gly-Gly-Cys-Lys (III), analysis of their radiochemical purity and biodistribution were investigated in rats. The aim was to determine the relationship between structure and biological behaviour of 99m Tc-labelled peptides which are formed by amino-acid sequences capable of chelating technetium useful as universal chelators in ''hybrid'' peptides composed of receptor-specific part and the part chelating technetium. For labelling with 99m Tc, a conventional transchelation from 99m Tc-gluconate was used and radiolabelled peptides were purified by filtration on Whatman microfilters 12 kD. Radiochemical purity was higher than 98%. Biodistribution studies in rats showed that all agents are rapidly cleared from the body mostly via urine, but some part of administered radioactivity also in the faces was found. The later route of elimination way increased in the order III 99m Tc-MAG3. The results obtained will assist with design of optimal biocompatible tetrapeptides as chelators for formation of hybrid receptor-specific peptides. (author)

  5. Studies of the effect of irradiation in a nuclear reactor, of targets containing Mo used for the preparation of 99Mo gel, material that constitutes the 99Mo - 99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nieto, Renata Correa

    2004-01-01

    The most used radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine is 99m Tc, obtained in the 99 Mo - 99m Tc generator form. 99 Mo can be produced by several nuclear reactions in Cyclotron and Reactor. The production in Cyclotron is not technically and commercially feasible. The production in Nuclear Reactor can be made in two ways: 235 U fission and 99 Mo (n,γ) 99 Mo reaction. A project aiming the production of 99 Mo by activation of Mo is under way at IPEN, producing a gel type MoZr generator. There are two ways of preparing the gel and the generators: by irradiating MoO 3 and preparing the gel or by the preparation of the gel and further irradiation. This work consists in the study of the irradiation effects in several targets containing Mo for the production of 99 Mo by the 98 Mo (n,γ) 99 Mo reaction and further preparation of the gel for use as a gel type 99 Mo - 99m Tc generator. Three rinds of gel were studied: zirconium, titanium and cerium molybdate, and their morphology, infrared structure and elution yield of 99m Tc were analysed. The best results were achieved with the generators prepared with MoZr post formed gel, with amorphous structure and better elution yields. The pre formed gel induced crystallinity and worst performance of the generators. (author)

  6. Synthesis and animal experiment of 99mTc-labeled hepatobiliary imaging agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Xirui; Chen Shaoliang; Chen Guohui; Xu Qinfeng

    1993-01-01

    Six new compounds based on the principle of isosterism and hybridization had been synthesized. Methobrofenin was prepared by reduction of nitro mesitylene, followed by bromination and acylation with nitrilotriacetic acid. The 99m Tc-complexes of these compounds were prepared by stannous chloride reduction of sodium pertechnetate in aqueous solution. These labeled compounds, being similar to 99m Tc-mebrofenin, all were quick in the uptake by the liver cells, rapidly cleared off from the blood in mice, and had higher cumulative hepatobiliary excretion rates than Tc-99m-EHIDA

  7. On the separation of 99mTcO4-, 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-citrate as marker species for the determination of Tc chemical forms in plant material using capillary zone electrophoresis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Krijger, G.C.; Claessens, H.A.; Wolterbeek, H.Th.

    1996-01-01

    The present paper addresses the potential use of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) as an anal. tool in 99Tc speciation studies. To optimize sampling, storage and anal. procedures, the three marker compds. 99mTcO4-, 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-citrate were synthesized and used in test-measurements with

  8. Separation of sup(99m)Tc from 99Mo through a hydrous zirconium oxide column

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mengatti, J.

    1980-01-01

    The preparation of 99 Mo-,sup(99m)Tc generator based on the adsorption of 99 Mo on hydrous zirconium oxide column, employing the in exchange technique, is described. The adsorption of 99 Mo on hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) and the separation of sup(99m)Tc, generated by the decay of 99 Mo with saline solution, are analised. The sup(99m)Tc separation yield, pH of the eluted solution, aspect of the elution curve and the adsorption of 99 Mo on hydrous zirconium oxide calcined at 800 0 C are studied. The chemical and radioactive purities of the final product are analysed and the variation of the elution yield for successive elutions is studied. (Author) [pt

  9. Radiopharmaceuticals to 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leon Cabana, Alba

    1994-01-01

    Studies about 99m Tc had demonstrated that have favorable properties for support diagnostic proceedings in nuclear medicine. This physical and chemical properties used for obtain another radiopharmaceuticals have been employed through re actives kits labelled with Tc 99m . A brief description was given about 99m utilities in diagnostic techniques such as endothelium reticular system,renal and hepatic studies,bone scintillators,cardiac diagnostic and cerebral perfusion

  10. Differentiation of malignant and degenerative benign bone disease using Tc-99m Citrate and Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jin, J.; Guo, R.; Li, S.-J.; Ren, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.

    2007-01-01

    Full text: For the evaluation of bone metastases in patients (pts) with cancer, 99mTcMDP bone scintigraphy is an important tool, but some limitations exist. One of these is the differential diagnosis of malignant and degenerative benign bone disease. The aim of this study was to differentiate them using 99mTcCitrate and 99mTcMDP scintigraphy. Methods: 39 pts (92 lesions) with known malignant or degenerative benign bone disease were studied. 23 pts had malignant bone disease (48 lesions, group 1), the other 16 pts had degenerative benign bone disease (44 lesions, group2), for which the results of 99mTcMDP scintigraphy were positive. In both groups, 99mTcCitrate scintigraphy was performed within a time interval of 2-7 days after 99mTcMDP scintigraphy (555∼740MBq. static, 3hr, planar or SPECT i m a g e s w h e n r e q u i r e d ) . The 99mTccitrate/99mTcMDP lesion-to-background radioisotope uptake ratio (RUR) was calculated for each lesion. Conventional techniques (histopathology, X-ray, CT, MRI and clinical follow up) were considered to be proof of the presence of bone metastases and degenerative benign bone disease. Results: Uptake of 99mTcMDP in the two groups is the same (1.96±0.25 vs. 1.87±0.21; t=1.178, P>0.20), while in 99mTcCitrate image, malignant lesions demonstrated a higher uptake of lesion activity than that of benign degenerative lesions (1.47±0.42 vs. 1.09±0.38; t=2.887, P<0.01). The mean 99mTccitrate/99mTcMDP RUR in the malignant group was significantly higher than the mean in the benign group (0.78±0.21 vs. 0.54±0.19; t=3.646, P<0.001). Conclusions: The preliminary results of the study confirm the usefulness and feasibility of 99mTcCitrate scintigraphy for differentiating malignant from benign degenerative lesions seen as areas of increased activity on 99mTcMDP bone scintigraphy. (author)

  11. Improved kit formulation for preparation of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC: results of preliminary clinical evaluation in imaging patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Korde, Aruna; Mallia, Madhava; Shinto, Ajit; Sarma, H D; Samuel, Grace; Banerjee, Sharmila

    2014-11-01

    (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC is a cost-effective and logistically viable agent for scintigraphy of neuroendocrine tumors overexpressing somatostatin receptors as compared with [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)] Octreotide (Octreoscan(®)). Several studies have been reported, wherein the efficacy of this agent is demonstrated. In the present article, the authors report the preparation of a single-vial HYNIC-TOC kit suitable for the preparation of 4-5 patient doses (15 mCi/patient) of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC. The kits were tested for sterility and bacterial endotoxins to assure safety of the product. A significant modification in this kit is the inclusion of buffer in the kit itself, unlike in commercially available kits where the buffer solution has to be added during preparation. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC was prepared by adding 20-80 mCi (740-2960 MBq) of freshly eluted Na(99m)TcO4 in 1-3 mL of sterile saline directly into the kit vial and heating the vial in a water bath at 100°C for 20 minutes. The labeling yield and radiochemical purity of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC, prepared using the lyophilized cold kit, were consistently >90%. The kits were evaluated over a period of 9 months and found to be stable when stored at -20°C. Limited clinical studies performed with the (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC, formulated using the kit, showed adequate sensitivity and specificity for the detection of gasteroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

  12. Comparative study of 99Mo/99mTc generators at base of synthesized gels starting from 99Mo of activation and of fission

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez M, I.Z.; Monroy G, F.; Rivero G, T.; Rojas N, P.

    2007-01-01

    At the present time the more used and diffused radionuclide in nuclear medicine it is the Technetium 99 metastable ( 99 mTc) it is used for diagnostic and therapy. It is produced starting from molybdenum 99 ( 99 Mo), which is absorbed in chromatographic columns, loaded with alumina that absorb only 0.2% of 99 Mo situation that forces to use high specific activities of 99 Mo that it is obtained starting from the fission of the 235 U. Given these conditions and limitations, new preparation procedures of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators, of low or medium specific activity, its have been developed, using gels of zirconium molybdates that incorporates until 30% in weight of 99 Mo in the gel, and also conserve similar characteristics of quality and purity that those obtained by the traditional generator; reducing by this way the cost of production of the 99m Tc, when using 99 Mo of low specific activity, in the preparation of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators. The radiochemical characteristics of the elution of 99m Tc, depends strongly on the gel preparation conditions. In particular, the present work has for object to determine the influence of the used type of 99 Mo, fission or activation product, during the gels synthesis, as well as the used air flow for the agitation in the gels preparation and its influence in the quality of the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators. When diminishing the agitation air flow the efficiency it increases and in the radionuclide purity of the eluates and when using 99 Mo of fission for the gels production it increases in an important way the elution efficiency, the radiochemical purity and radionuclide of the eluates of 99m Tc. (Author)

  13. Usefulness of L,L-ethylenedicysteine - 99mTc complex (EC-99mTc) for the kidney investigations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Surma, M.J.; Wiewiora, J.; Kapuscinksi, J.; Liniecki, J.

    1992-01-01

    To assess the usefulness of own EC- 99m Tc complex for the kidney function examination, the renoscintigraphy with EC- 99m Tc and clearance determinations were performed. During renoscintigraphy the kidney images were of superb quality, with overlaying organs (liver, spleen) not visualized. Renograms showed typical shapes, their TMAX and T1/2 values being insignificantly different from the obtained with other radiopharmaceuticals, used in renoscintigraphy (MAG 3 , hippuran). Very strict correlations were found between values of EC- 99m Tc and OIH- 131 I clearances (r=0.91) and excretion rate constants (r=0.92) of both radiopharmaceuticals. The correlation enabled formulation of an equation by which ERPF could be established from EC- 99m Tc clearance: ERPF OIH =1.245 x Cl EC +51.52. On the basis of this equation a lower boundary of the normal EC- 99m Tc clearance was established; it amounts to 300 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . (author). 17 refs, 5 figs, 1 tab

  14. Achalasia diagnosed by {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate scintigraphy; Diagnose einer Achalasie durch {sup 99m}Tc-Pertechnetat-Szintigraphie

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mikosch, P. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie; Gallowitsch, H.J. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie; Kresnik, E. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie; Lind, P. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie

    1997-06-01

    A 73-year-old patient presented a {sup 99m}Tc scintiscan with a focal tracer accumulation left and caudal of the thyroid gland. Further investigations with sonography, CT, esophagoscopy and barium swallow provided the diagnosis of achalasia as the reason for focal {sup 99m}Tc retention caudal of the thyroid gland. Explanation for {sup 99m}Tc accumulation within the esophagus may be the nonspecific accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc not only in the thyroid gland but also in the salivary glands. Excretion of the tracer follows with the saliva. Structural and motor disorders of the esophagus can thus lead to focal tracer retention within the esophagus simulating thyroid tissue. (orig.) [Deutsch] Eine 73jaehrige Patientin zeigte bei der {sup 99m}Tc-Schilddruesenszintigraphie eine von der Schilddruese abgesetzte deutliche fokale Speicherung links kaudal der Schilddruese. Die weitere diagnostische Abklaerung mittels Sonographie, CT, Oesophagoskopie und videoassistiertem Kontrastmittelschluckakt ergab als Ursache der {sup 99m}Tc-Speicherung eine Achalasie. Die Erklaerung einer {sup 99m}Tc-Speicherung in der Speiseroehre waere die unspezifische {sup 99m}Tc-Aufnahme in den Speicheldruesen mit nachfolgender Tracerelimination ueber den Speichel. Depotbildungen von Speichel bei Erkrankungen der Speiseroehre, die mit einer Transportstoerung des Speichels verbunden sind, koennen dadurch Schilddruesengewebe vortaeuschen. (orig.)

  15. Diversification of 99Mo/99mTc separation: non–fission reactor production of 99Mo as a strategy for enhancing 99mTc availability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pillai, Maroor R A; Dash, Ashutosh; Knapp, Furn F Russ

    2015-01-01

    This paper discusses the benefits of obtaining (99m)Tc from non-fission reactor-produced low-specific-activity (99)Mo. This scenario is based on establishing a diversified chain of facilities for the distribution of (99m)Tc separated from reactor-produced (99)Mo by (n,γ) activation of natural or enriched Mo. Such facilities have expected lower investments than required for the proposed chain of cyclotrons for the production of (99m)Tc. Facilities can receive and process reactor-irradiated Mo targets then used for extraction of (99m)Tc over a period of 2 wk, with 3 extractions on the same day. Estimates suggest that a center receiving 1.85 TBq (50 Ci) of (99)Mo once every 4 d can provide 1.48-3.33 TBq (40-90 Ci) of (99m)Tc daily. This model can use research reactors operating in the United States to supply current (99)Mo needs by applying natural (nat)Mo targets. (99)Mo production capacity can be enhanced by using (98)Mo-enriched targets. The proposed model reduces the loss of (99)Mo by decay and avoids proliferation as well as waste management issues associated with fission-produced (99)Mo.

  16. Production of 99mTc-anatomy sulfide colloid for lymphoscintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shabani, G. A.; Hamzeh, H.; Najafi, R.

    2002-01-01

    The lymphatic system provides one of the chief paths for the spread (metastasis) of cancer from one part of body to another. Hodgkin's diseases, lymphocytic leukemia, various metastatic diseases and many lymph ode disorders can be assessed by lymphoscintigraphy. Radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy has been used for many years to define the lymphatic drainage of melanoma. The most common radiopharmaceuticals used for lymphoscintigraphy are 99 mTc-Sc, 99 mTc-antimony sulfide colloid has been chosen between other colloids. For antimony sulfide colloid preparation, hydrogen sulfide gas was passed through D.E. until saturation. Antimony potassium tartrate is then added to the solution to form Sb 2 S 3 ol lide. The colloid was stabilized with P.V.P. Excess H 2 S was removed by bubbling with nitrogen. The preparation was then filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane filter and aliquots containing 1.017 mg Sb 2 S 3 were dispensed into the reaction vials. Labeling was accomplished by adding 99 mTcO 4 and HCl to the vial and then heating it at 100 deg C in boiling water bath for 10 min. The P H was adjust by adding a phosphate buffer. The radiochemical purity of 99 mTc-antimony disulfide colloid by I TLC-S G/normal saline was more than 95 percent. The amount of Sb in reaction vial was 0. 729 mg. The study demonstrated that our formulation of antimony-sulfide which has 0.0486 mg (Sb) in 0.2 ml of 99 mTc-Sb 2 S 3 colloid per patient (total volume after labeling with 99 mTc is 3 ml)

  17. Preperation and performance of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc chromatographic column generator based on zirconium molybdosilicate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mostafa, M.; Saber, H.M.; El-Sadek, A.A. [Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt). Hot Labs. Center; Nassar, M.Y. [Benha Univ. (Egypt). Chemistry Dept.

    2016-08-01

    Zirconium molybdosilicate (ZrMoSi) gel prepared using {sup 99}Mo radiotracer via peroxo route was used as a base material for {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc column generator. The {sup 99m}Tc elution yield and {sup 99}Mo breakthrough in the eluate were studied as a function of the pH-value of gel precipitation, gel drying temperature and Zr: Mo: Si molar ratio. Precipitation pH-value of 2, drying temperature of 100 C and Zr: Mo: Si molar ratio of 0.5: 0.5: 1 were found to be the optimum conditions achieving {sup 99m}Tc elution yield of 82% and {sup 99}Mo breakthrough of 1.0 x 10{sup -3}%. The gel prepared with the optimum conditions was characterized by BET surface area and pore size analyzer, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), XRD, XRF and FESEM. Technetium-99m eluted from the optimum ZrMoSi {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator was found to have a high radiochemical purity (98% as {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) and chemical purity meeting criteria of clinical grade.

  18. Triamide mercaptide (N/sub 3/S) ligands for Tc-99m as potential Tc-99m renal function agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fritzberg, A.R.; Kasina, S.; Johnson, D.L.; Eshima, D.

    1985-01-01

    A number of diamide dimercaptide (N/sub 2/S/sub 2/) complexes of Tc-99m have shown potential as renal tubular function radiopharmaceuticals that could replace radioiodinated hippurate (OIH). Evaluation of such ligands suggested that maximum efficiency for tubular secretion and specificity resulted from addition of a carboxylate group. However, such derivatives resulted in chelate ring stereoisomers that were differently transported by the renal tubular system. The problem of stereoisomers was obviated by replacing one sulfur with an effectively planar amido nitrogen. Groups on the nitrogen then result in diastereomers only when an additional asymetric center is present. A series of triamide mercaptide compounds have been synthesized to evaluate this class as ligands for Tc-99m. One of the simplest of the series, mercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine (MAG/sub 3/), formed a single Tc-99m product in high yield as determined by HPLC. Preliminary results with pmr and ms of the Tc-99 complex indicate a structure consistent with a 1:1 metal to ligand ratio and monooxo technetium group. Biological evaluation of Tc-99m MAG/sub 3/ showed high renal specificity and rate of excretion exceeding OIH in several species including humans. Members of the N/sub 3/S series studied include mercaptoacetylglycylglycyl-amino acids. In some cases with second asymmetric centers, two components were seen on HPLC. In mice several dianionic Tc-99m complexes were excreted faster than OIH, Tc-99m MAG/sub 2/-ala, -asn, and -gln. Trianionic Tc-99m MAG/sub 2/-asp and -glu were excreted more slowly, and Tc-99m MAG/sub 2/-phe showed hepatobiliary excretion. Triamide mercaptides represent a new ligand class for Tc-99m

  19. Somatostatine analogs marked with 99m-TC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obenaus, E; Crudo, J; Edreira, M; Castiglia, S.G. de

    2003-01-01

    The aim of the present work was to study the biological and radiochemical behaviour of two somatostatin analogues, the RC-160 and Tyr 3 Octreotide(TOC) peptides when labeling with 99m Tc by an indirect method using S-Benzoyl- mercaptoacetyl triglycine (MAG3) and hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC) as chelating agents. The synthesis of RC160 with S-Benzoyl MAG3 and TOC with HYNIC, for labeling with 99m Tc are also described. The conjugates were prepared on a small scale and labeled with the radionuclide using tricine as coligands for HYNIC conjugates. Chromatographic studies were performed using an HPLC system and radiochemical purities higher than 75% and 95% were obtained respectively. Biodistributions studies in normal Wistar rats were performed and results were correlated with chromatographic and protein binding properties. Lower lipophilicity of the labeled conjugates resulted in a higher renal excretion. HYNIC-TOC complex showed promising results when labeling with 99m Tc using tricine as coligand although higher stability should be found for ternary coligands compared to tricine (Au)

  20. A novel electrochemical technique for the production of clinical grade 99mTc using (n, γ)99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chakravarty, Rubel; Dash, Ashutosh; Venkatesh, Meera

    2010-01-01

    Introduction: In order to meet the growing demand for 99m Tc and to reduce the reliance on fission-produced 99 Mo, an electrochemical pathway for accessing 99m Tc through the (n, γ) 99 Mo was explored as a back-up measure and to supplement 99m Tc supply for radiopharmaceuticals application. Methods: 99m Tc from an equilibrium mixture of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc was selectively deposited on a platinum cathode in an electrochemical cell by applying optimal voltage and stripped back again into the 0.9% saline solution. The radiochemical and radionuclidic purity of the product were determined using standard techniques. 99m Tc thus obtained was used for labeling standard ligands such as dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and ethylene dicysteine (EC), to ascertain the usability. Results: Selective deposition of 99m Tc on the platinum electrode was achieved at a potential of 5 V over a period of 1 h in NaOH electrobath. The overall yield of 99m Tc was >90%, with >99.99% radionuclidic purity and >99% radiochemical purity. The performance of the generator remained consistent over a period of 10 days. The compatibility of the product in the preparation of 99m Tc-labeled formulations such as 99m Tc-DMSA and 99m Tc-EC was found to be satisfactory in terms of high labeling yields (>98%). Conclusion: A novel and attractive method has been developed to obtain highly concentrated 99m Tc, without using fission-produced 99 Mo.

  1. Synthesis, radiochromatography and biodistribution of Tc99m-hexakis-(methoxyisonitrile)-technetium(I) complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Angelberger, P.; Zbiral, E.

    1987-09-01

    Following previous experience with Tc-99m-hexakis(t-butyl-isonitrile)-technetium(I) (Tc99m-tBiN) synthetic routes to the new ligands a) 1-methoxypropyl-2-isonitrile (MPiN) and b) 2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl-1-isonitrile(MiBiN) were developed via dehydration of the corresponding formamides. Formamide (a) was prepared from the available amine (a) while formamide (b) was synthesised by a difficult 5 step sequence starting from tert.2,2,2-trichlorobutanol. Product MPiN and MiBiN was purified by vacuum distillation and characterized by elemental analysis, IR- and NMR-spectra. A labeling method was developed based on earlier work with Tc99m-tBiN :the pure isonitrile ligand in ethanolic/aqueous solution was complexed at elevated temperature with reduced Tc-99m formed in situ with dithionite at alkaline pH. The whole reaction mixture was subjected to preparative HPLC leading to identification by UV-absorption and isolation of pure n.c.a. Tc99m-MPiN (A) and Tc99m-MiBiN (B) free of unreacted ligand. Work-up of the isolated peak resulted in an injectable product (overall radiochemical yield ∼80% within ∼40 min total preparation time) which was further controlled by TLC (radiochemical purity >97%, in vitro stability >6 hrs). Biodistribution in mice compared to identical data obtained with Tc99m-tBiN revealed somewhat higher heart uptake, slightly lower lung but significantly lower liver activity and renders these new Tc99m-compounds highly promising for myocardinal perfusion studies in man. 11 refs., 5 figs. (Author)

  2. Clinical comparison of diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m and diethyl-IDA Tc 99m for evaluation of the hepatobiliary system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klingensmith, W.C.; Fritzberg, A.R.; Spitzer, V.M.; Kuni, C.C.; Shanahan, W.S.

    1981-01-01

    Thirty-one patients with a wide range of hepatobiliary function and clinical diagnoses were studied with both diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m and diethyl-IDA Tc 99m. Images were similar except for an increased liver-to-kidney ratio with diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m (p less than 0.01) and a tendency toward an increased liver-to-background ratio at five minutes with diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m (p greater than 0.05). Quantification of the relative hepatocyte extraction efficiency indicated a 16% higher extraction efficiency for diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m (p greater than 0.05). Cumulative three-hour urine collections following injection demonstrated no significant difference in renal excretion in patients with normal total serum bilirubin levels. Both radiopharmaceuticals demonstrated increasing renal excretion with increasing total serum bilirubin levels; however, renal excretion of diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m increased more slowly than excretion of diethyl-IDA Tc 99m (p less than 0.01). We conclude that, while the overall differences between these two radiopharmaceuticals are small, diisopropyl-IDA Tc 99m is superior because of a lower renal excretion rate in patients with decreased hepatocyte function

  3. The rabbit biodistribution of a therapeutic dose of zoledronic acid labeled with Tc-99m

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asikoglu, Makbule; Gamze Durak, Funda

    2009-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to label a therapeutic dose of zoledronic acid (ZOL) with Tc-99m, evaluate its in vitro stability and compare its biodistribution to 99m Tc-methylene biphosphonate ( 99m Tc-MDP) in normal rabbits. Preparation of 0.50 mg of 99m Tc-ZOL was carried out by the reduction of 99m Tc-pertechnetate in the presence of stannous chloride. The radiolabeling efficiency was found to be greater than 99%. The labeled complex was stable at least up to 6 h at room temperature determined by paper chromatography. 99m Tc-ZOL and 99m Tc-MDP were administered intravenously to the rabbits for scintigraphic studies. Between 99m Tc-ZOL and 99m Tc-MDP, there were no significant differences in the ratios of femur/BG and lumbar vertebrae/BG, whereas epiphysis/BG and the kidney/BG ratios of 99m Tc-MDP were higher than 99m Tc-ZOL at the static studies.

  4. Study of different absorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of 99Mo - 99mTc and 188W-188Re

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

    2009-01-01

    Amongst some currently radioisotopes, 99m Tc and 188 Re present adequate decay properties for use in Nuclear Medicine. In the current times the most diagnosis examinations are performed with 99m Tc and 188 Re is one radioisotope of potential use in therapy techniques. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molybdenum and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99m Tc and 188 W- 188 Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum and tungsten were percolated through different chromatographic columns containing different commercial adsorbent materials such as: PZC (poly-zirconium compound), acid alumina and calcinated alumina used in the routine preparation of 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators at IPEN. The tungsten ( 188 W), as well the PZC used in this project, supplied by Russia and Japan, respectively, through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and used without any previous preparation. Also trace amounts of 99 Mo and 188 W were added to the initial solutions and the generators were assembled. The 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators were then eluted with known volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution every 24 hours whereas the 188 W- 188 Re generators were eluted every 48 hours. The eluted samples were analyzed by Gamma Spectroscopy and later submitted to quality control evaluation. The results showed that the PZC presents superior retention capacity for Mo of 97.50mg Mo/gPZC, higher than in acid and calcinated alumina, however the elution efficiency at lower pHs is not so high. With regards to the experiments carried out with 188 W and alumina, it was verified that the elution efficiency of 188 Re was not reproducible and the retention capacity of W was 90.23mgW/gAl 2 O 3 at pH 7. (author)

  5. Ventilation scintigraphy of the lung with sup(99m)Tc-DTPA or with sup(99m)Tc-sulfur colloid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koehler, D; Matthys, H; Coates, G; Dolovich, M; Newhouse, M

    1983-04-01

    Ventilation scintigraphy of the lung, obtained with sufficiently small sup(99m)Tc-labelled aerosol particles, provides an image of ventilation distribution that is acceptable in clinical routine. Whether sup(99m)Tc-DTPA or sup(99m)Tc-sulfur colloid is more suitable as a carrier was studied in 6 smokers and 8 non-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. sup(99m)Tc-sulfur colloid was not absorbed by the bronchial mucosa and therefore appears to be an almost ideal agent. In contrast, sup(99m)Tc-DTPA was absorbed by the bronchial mucosa in all smoking patients more rapidly and inhomogenously than in non-smokers. The quantitative and qualitative comparison of the two dorsal ventilation scans taken both immediately after inhalation and 20 min later, showed in all 6 smoking patients after 20 min significant differences which influenced the diagnostic result. sup(99m)Tc-DTPA is therefore not recommended for use in ventilation lung scintigraphy, especially in smoking patients.

  6. Nitriles form mixed-coligand complexes with 99mTc-HYNIC-Peptide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Guozheng; Wescott, Charles; Sato, Aaron; Wang Yi; Liu Ning; Zhang Yumin; Rusckowski, Mary; Hnatowich, Donald J.

    2002-01-01

    Using a 12-amino acid peptide conjugated with HYNIC as a model, we investigated nitriles as possible coligands for labeling with 99m Tc. After the preparation of the 99m Tc labeled HYNIC-peptide using tricine as coligand, the addition of acetonitile was found by reverse phase HPLC to block further coligand exchange with ethylenediamine diacetic acid (EDDA) at room temperature. The addition of this nitrile changed the pharmacokinetics of the 99m Tc labeled peptide in normal mice towards faster clearance and significant differences in accumulation in most tissues sampled. By replacing acetonitrile with cyanoacetate, a nitrile not present in the HPLC eluant, it was possible to show the existence of a new, more hydrophilic, species by reverse phase HPLC. We conclude that nitriles can act as coligands for HYNIC-conjugated peptides labeled with 99m Tc and tricine. Furthermore, the presence of acetonitrile during Sep-Pak or HPLC purification may inadvertently generate a mixed tricine/acetonitile coligand 99m Tc-HYNIC-peptide complex

  7. (99m)Tc-aprotinin - optimisation and validation of radiolabelling kits for routine preparation for diagnostic imaging of amyloidosis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Denholt, Charlotte; Gillings, Nic

    2016-01-01

    Technetium-99m aprotinin was prepared from an optimised radiolabelling kit formulation containing aprotinin, alkaline buffer and stannous chloride (reducing agent) and radiolabelled using (99m) Tc-pertechnetate. The labelling was achieved within 25 min, with radiochemical purities of >98%....

  8. Performance study of molybdenum gels with titanium for preparation of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators; Estudo do desempenho de geis de molibdenio com titanio no preparo de geradores de {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moraes, Vanessa; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: vmoraes@ipen.br

    2005-07-01

    {sup 99m}Tc is the most used radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine, due to nuclear characteristics. It is obtained by the radioactive decay of {sup 99}Mo, generator of radioisotope system. When {sup 99}Mo is produced by the activation in reactor, the most used technique for the preparation of the generators is the gel type generator, which incorporates {sup 99}Mo to the gel that is insoluble, chemically inert to the solutions and with properties of ion exchange. Several countries had already studied this methodology, as is the case of Vietnam, India, China, Australian. This work has the objective of studying the performance and characterization of molybdenum gels with titanium. Four variables in the preparation of the gel were studied: mass ratio between Mo and Ti (1.80 and 2.25), concentration of NaOH (2 and 4 mol/L), final temperature (25 and 50 deg C) and pH (3.5 and 4.5). The prepared gels were analyzed with relation to the size of its particles, identification of its structure, amount of molybdenum, amount of titanium, profile of elution, pH of the elution, determination of the radioisotopes in the eluate and final radiochemical purity. The final result is a formularization of the gel with the best characteristics for posterior preparation of the generator of {sup 99m}Tc-{sup 99}Mo. (author)

  9. Quality assurance of Mo-99/Tc-99m radionuclide generators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uzunov, Nikolay; Yordanova, Galina; Salim, Seniha; Stancheva, Natalya; Mineva, Vanya; Meléndez-Alafort, Laura; Rosato, Antonio

    2018-03-01

    Gamma-ray spectrometry analyses of the radionuclide content of eluate from two Mo-99/Tc-99m radionuclide generators POLTECHNET have been performed. The relative activities of 99Mo 103Ru and 131I radioisotopes with respect to the activity of 99mTc at different time intervals after the primary pertechnetate elution of the generators have been analyzed. The relative activities of the isotopes were determined and compared to the radionuclidic purity requirements for 99mTc.

  10. Correlation between differential renal uptake of 99mTc-MAG3 and 99mTc-DMSA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obaldo, J.M.; Gruenwald, F.; Menzel, C.; Biersack, H.J.

    1994-01-01

    We reviewed the quantitative indices obtained from sequential 99m Tc-MAG3 and 99m Tc-DMSA imaging studies performed in 134 patients with a variety of renal disorders in order to determine the correlation between the measured differential renal function using these two agents. Overall correlation was high with r=.86 and the derived regression equation was R.F. DMSA =8.2+0.84 (R.F. MAG3 ), where F.F. is the relative function. Highly divergent values for differential function were obtained however in some subjects. Patients with renal obstructive disorders had a correlation coefficient of.81 which was lower than those with nonobstructive pathologies (r=.95). Although relative kidney function measured using 99m Tc-MAG3 and 99m Tc-DMSA correlate significantly, certain patients such as those with renal obstruction may necessitate quantitation using different renal parameters. (orig.) [de

  11. New bisaminoethanethiol (BAT) ligands which form two interconvertible Tc-99m complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oya, Shunichi; Kung, Mei-Ping; Frederick, Dana; Kung, Hank F.

    1995-01-01

    Most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals in diagnostic nuclear medicine are labeled with Tc-99m. This is due to its superior physical characteristics (T (1(2)) = 6 h and gamma energy 140 KeV) and convenient availability from the 99 Mo/ 99mm Tc generator. In an attempt to fine tune the properties of Tc-99m complexes, the synthesis and radiolabeling of two novel N 2 S 2 ligands, N,-2-mercaptobenzyl-N'-(1-oxo-2-mercapto-2-methyl)propyl ethylenediamine,8, and N,-2-methylthiobenzyl-N'-(1-oxo-2-mercapto-2-methyl)propyl ethylenediamine, 11, with an ionizable SH or unionizable SMe group, respectively, for the formation of complexes with Tc v O center cores, have been examined. Both ligands initially formed one apparently stable, lipophilic and neutral complex (HPLC, Rt = 7 min, reverse-phase column, acetonitrile: buffer, pH 7.0; (55(45)); V/V; partition coefficient between 1-octanol and buffer of 410 and 335, respectively) with [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate in the presence of stannous chloride. After treatment with a reducing agent, NaCNBH 3 , the initial [ 99m Tc]8 and 11 complexes were reduced; the reduced complexes were less lipophilic (shorter retention time, Rt = 5 min, on the same reversed phase HPLC). However, only the oxidized form showed sufficient stability. The reduced forms of both [ 99m Tc]8 and 11 were readily and completely converted back to the oxidized forms by a stream of air. Biodistribution studies in rats demonstrated that the [ 99m Tc]8 (oxidized form) penetrated the blood-brain barrier (0.67% dose/organ at 2 min postinjection), but washed out from the brain quickly (0.29% dose/organ at 30 min postinjection). On the contrary, [ 99m Tc]11 (oxidized form) did not show any brain uptake (0.03% dose/organ at 2 min postinjection), despite its higher lipophilicity. The disparity between these two Tc-99m complexes may be related to the relative instability of [ 99m Tc]11 (oxidized form) by the introduction of the unionizable methylated thiol group as one of the donor

  12. Preparation and quality control of 99m Tc-MDPA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernardes, Dulcila M. Lessa; Castanheira, Claudia Elisabete; Castro, Jose Alberto de; Mengatti, Jair; Muramoto, Emiko; Pereira, Claudia Regina; Vicente, Irene

    2005-01-01

    Since the early 1970s a number of 99 mTc-phosphate compounds have been introduced for bone imaging. The three extensively studies diphosphonates are: 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP), methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP or HDP) of which MDP and HDP are most commonly used in nuclear medicine. This report describes the routine production and quality control of MDP ('multidose') at IPEN-CNEN/SP, in lyophilized form for labeled with high activities of 99m Tc (9,250 MBq). The process was done under vacuum and low temperature in Super Modulyo -'Edwards' lyophilizator and each lyophilized vial contains: 5.0 mg of MDP; 1.0 mg SnCl 2 .H 2 O; 0.1mg ascorbic acid and 20.0 mg sodium pyrophosphate at pH = 6.0. The radiochemical purity was determined by thin layer chromatography system in Whatman 3MM paper (1 x 8 cm), using acetone and saline (0.9% NaCl) as solvents, respectively. Sterility and pyrogen tests were performed by the microbiology procedures outlined in the pharmacopoeias and by the 'in-vitro' Limulus test, respectively. Biological distribution in Wistar rats was evaluated in different organs (% dose / organ). The method was validated for routine production at Radiopharmacy Center, the radiochemical purities of 99m Tc-MDP ('multidose') was > 95%. The biological distribution in rats showed high uptake in bone tissue, and low activities in thyroid, liver and stomach. Sterility and pyrogen tests were negative in all the delivered lyophilized vials. (author)

  13. Comparative study of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators at base of synthesized gels starting from activation and fission {sup 99}Mo; Estudio comparativo de generadores {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc a base de geles sintetizados a partir de {sup 99}Mo de activacion y de fision

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopez M, I Z [UAEM, Paseo Colon esq. Paseo Tollocan, 50120 Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Monroy G, F; Rivero G, T; Rojas N, P [ININ, Carretera Mexico -Toluca S/N, 52045 La Marquesa Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

    2007-07-01

    The {sup 99m}Tc is used for diagnostic and therapy. It is produced starting from {sup 99}Mo, absorbed in chromatographic columns, loaded with alumina that absorb only 0.2% of {sup 99}Mo with high specific activities of {sup 99}Mo, obtained from the {sup 235}U fission. Given these conditions and limitations, new preparation procedures of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators, its have been developed, using zirconium molybdates gels that incorporates until 30% of {sup 99}Mo, conserve similar characteristics of quality and purity that the traditional generator. The radiochemical characteristics of the {sup 99m}Tc elution, depend strongly on the gel preparation conditions. In particular, the present work has by object to determine the influence of the {sup 99}Mo used type, fission or activation product, during the gels synthesis, as well as the used air flow for the agitation in the gels preparation and its influence in the {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators quality. When diminishing the flow of agitation air the efficiency it increases and in the radionuclide purity of the eluates and when using {sup 99}Mo from fission for the gels production it increases in an important way the elutriation efficiency, the radiochemical and radionuclide purity of the {sup 99m}Tc eluates. (Author)

  14. Synthesis of Ethane-1-Hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid (EHDP) and preparation of labeled kits by 99mTc for bone studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yassin, T.; Assaad, T.; Ghanem, E.; Ajaia, R.; Karajoli, N.

    2013-08-01

    Ethane-1-Hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid monohydrate (EHDP) is very important precursor in radiopharmaceutical applications for bone diagnosis after labeling with 99mTc, was synthesized in high yield and purity. The compound was characterized by spectroscopic method. EHDP kit for bone imaging after labeling with technetium 99m was prepared according to an optimum conditions, Each vial contains 15 mg of EHDP and 25 mg of stannous chloride SnCl2. The prepared kit showed high quality satisfying the requirements of international pharmacopeias from of physical, chemical and radiochemical properties. The labeling yield exceeded 95% with an average value 99.6%. Biodistribution study of 99mTc-EHDP showed better clearance after three hours of injection in comparison with 99mTc-MDP kit (author).

  15. Recent achievements in Tc-99m radiopharmaceutical direct production by medical cyclotrons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Pasquali, Micol; Uccelli, Licia

    2017-09-01

    99m Tc is the most commonly used radionuclide in the field of diagnostic imaging, a noninvasive method intended to diagnose a disease, assess the disease state and monitor the effects of treatments. Annually, the use of 99m Tc, covers about 85% of nuclear medicine applications. This isotope releases gamma rays at about the same wavelength as conventional X-ray diagnostic equipment, and owing to its short half-life (t ½  = 6 h) is ideal for diagnostic nuclear imaging. A patient can be injected with a small amount of 99m Tc and within 24 h almost 94% of the injected radionuclide would have decayed and left the body, limiting the patient's radiation exposure. 99m Tc is usually supplied to hospitals through a 99 Mo/ 99m Tc radionuclide generator system where it is produced from the β decay of the parent nuclide 99 Mo (t ½  = 66 h), which is produced in nuclear reactors via neutron fission. Recently, the interruption of the global supply chain of reactor-produced 99 Mo, has forced the scientific community to investigate alternative production routes for 99m Tc. One solution was to consider cyclotron-based methods as potential replacement of reactor-based technology and the nuclear reaction 100 Mo(p,2n) 99m Tc emerged as the most worthwhile approach. This review reports some achievements about 99m Tc produced by medical cyclotrons. In particular, the available technologies for target design, the most efficient extraction and separation procedure developed for the purification of 99m Tc from the irradiated targets, the preparation of high purity 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals and the first clinical studies carried out with cyclotron produced 99m Tc are described.

  16. Comparison of uptake of 99mTc-MIBI, 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mT-Q12 into human breast cancer cell lines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yong, M. de; Bernard, B.F.; Breeman, W.A.P.; Ensing, G.; Benjamins, H.; Bakker, W.H.; Visser, T.J.; Krenning, E.P.

    1996-01-01

    Technetium-99m hexakis-2-methoxyisobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI), 99m Tc-tetrofosmin and 99m Tc-Q12 were all introduced for myocardial imaging but found additional applications as they are taken up by different tumours, enabling imaging of these lesions in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the uptake characteristics of these compounds in vitro in the human adenocarcinoma breast cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-75. It was shown that 99m Tc-MIBI had the highest cellular uptake (15.9%±0.5% dose/mg protein after 60 min in MCF-7, and 14.2%±0.4% dose/mg protein in ZR-75), followed by 99m Tc-tetrofosmin (6.8%±0.6% dose/mg protein in MCF-7, and 8.2%±0.2% dose/mg protein in ZR-75) and 99m TC-Q12 (3.2%±0.1% dose/mg protein in MCF-7, and 3.5%±0.3% dose/mg protein in ZR-75 cells). For all three compounds tenfold differences in specific activity did not influence total cell-associated radioactivity. Uptake of 99m Tc-MIBI and 99m Tc-tetrofosmin was obviously lower at 4 C than at 37 C, whereas 99m Tc-Q12 uptake showed only slight temperature dependence. When uptake was compared in cells grown to different cell densities (1 mg/ml cellular protein versus 0.3 mg/ml), no differences in uptake were detected when uptake was corrected for the amount of cellular protein present in the dishes. Furthermore, for all compounds it was shown that cellular radioactivity decreased rapidly after washing. Apart from the differences in cellular uptake of the three compounds after 60 min, no differences in residual cellular radioactivity after washing were found between the different compounds when expressed as a percentage of their 60-min uptake, suggesting that the efflux process of the radiolabelled compounds was similar. The differences in cell-associated activity after 60 min were thus presumably caused by differences in uptake. (orig./MG)

  17. Preclinical evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3-aspartic-N-monoacetic acid, 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA), a new renal radiotracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to 131I-OIH

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lipowska, Malgorzata; Klenc, Jeffrey; Marzilli, Luigi G.; Taylor, Andrew T.

    2014-01-01

    In an ongoing effort to develop a renal tracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to PAH and superior to those of both 99mTc-MAG3 and 131I-OIH, we evaluated a new renal tricarbonyl radiotracer based on the aspartic-N-monoacetic acid ligand, 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA). The ASMA ligand features two carboxyl groups and an amine function for the coordination of the {99mTc(CO)3}+ core as well as a dangling carboxylate to facilitate rapid renal clearance. Methods rac-ASMA and L-ASMA were labeled with a 99mTc-tricarbonyl precursor and radiochemical purity of the labeled products was determined by HPLC. Using 131I-OIH as an internal control, we evaluated biodistribution in normal rats with 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) isomers and in rats with renal pedicle ligation with 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA). Clearance studies were conducted in 4 additional rats. In vitro radiotracer stability was determined in PBS buffer pH 7.4 and in challenge studies with cysteine and histidine. 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) metabolites in urine were analyzed by HPLC. Results Both 99mTc(CO)3(ASMA) preparations had > 99% radiochemical purity and were stable in PBS buffer pH 7.4 for 24 h. Challenge studies on both revealed no significant displacement of the ligand. In normal rats, % injected dose in urine at 10 and 60 min for both preparations averaged 103% and 106% that of 131I-OIH, respectively. The renal clearances of 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA) and 131I-OIH were comparable (P = 0.48). The tracer was excreted unchanged in the urine, proving its in vivo stability. In pedicle-ligated rats, 99mTc(CO)3(rac-ASMA) had less excretion into the bowel (P ASMA) complexes have pharmacokinetic properties in rats comparable to or superior to those of 131I-OIH, and human studies are warranted for their further evaluation. PMID:22717977

  18. Chemical aspects of labeling sucralfate with /sup 99m/TcO/sub 4/

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Billinghurst, M.W.; Abrams, D.N.; Lawson, M.S.

    1989-04-01

    Two formulations of (/sup 99m/Tc)sucralfate have been used to image gastric and duodenal ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease. One formulation is a complexation of (/sup 99m/Tc)HSA with sucralfate. The second is prepared by directly labeling sucralfate with (/sup 99m/Tc)pertechnetate in the presence of stannous ion. An in vitro study of the factors affecting the production and stability of these labeled sucralfate preparations was conducted. Both formulations were stable at the acidic pH likely encountered in the stomach. However, at pH greater than 6 the albumin-sucralfate complex began to dissociate while directly labeled sucralfate was stable to a pH of 9. Conversely it was shown that directly labeled sucralfate was more susceptible to loss of /sup 99m/Tc to other chelating species. Sucralfate complexed with (/sup 99m/Tc)HSA was radiochemically stable up to a specific activity of 26 GBq (700 mCi) per gram while directly labeled sucralfate showed decreased 24-hr stability at specific activities greater than 837 mCi (31 GBq) per gram.

  19. Comparative study of uptake and washout of 99mTcN(NOEt)2 with 99mTc-MIBI in human cervical carcinoma cell lines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xing Shi'an; Zhang Yongxue; An Rui

    2002-01-01

    Objective: to investigate the cellular kinetics of bis (N-ethoxy-N-ethyl dithiocarbamato) nitrido 99m Tc(V) [ 99m TcN (NOEt) 2 ] in human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela and to compare it with that of 99m Tc hexakis-2- methoxyisobutyl isonitrile ( 99m Tc-MIBI), and hence to define the possible clinical value of 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 in tumor imaging. Methods: Using radionuclide tracer technique, 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 and 99m Tc-MIBI were incubated with human cervical carcinoma cell lines Hela at 37 degree C and at 22 degree C respectively. At several incubation times, the uptake and washout characteristics of the radiotracers in human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela were investigated and compared. Results: The maximum uptake of 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 in Hela was 46.15% and that of 99m Tc-MIBI was 12.6% (P 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 after 5 min incubation in human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela was 65% of the total uptake, while that of 99m Tc-MIBI was 50% of the total uptake (P 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 was retained in the Hela cells at one hour while 56.67% of 99m Tc-MIBI was retained (P 99m Tc-MIBI, the cellular kinetics of 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 was not temperature-dependent (the cellular kinetics is similar at 37 degree C and at 22 degree C, P>0.05). Conclusions: In vitro data suggest that 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 may be a better tracer than 99m Tc-MIBI in tumor imaging and 99m TcN(NOEt) 2 has potential application in clinical use

  20. Peptic ulcer imaging with /sup 99m/Tc sucralfate and possible advantages of /sup 99m/Tc sucrose octasulfate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    CentiColella, A.; Scopinaro, F.

    1986-01-01

    Sucralfate is a basic aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate that protects the damaged mucosa and also the normal mucosa from peptic aggression. In fact sucralfate adheres to the mucosa as pH decreases below 4, and buffers the acid, slowly releasing sucrose octasulfate that forms insoluble complexes with the proteins exuded by the ulcers, or is washed out of the stomach. Sucralfate itself is also able to precipitate with proteins in the ulcers. Sucralfate may be labelled by several methods: /sup 99m/Tc HSA, /sup 99m/Tc DTPA, /sup 75/Se, /sup 111/In. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical results obtained using /sup 99m/Tc DTPA sucralfate, which the authors believe is the only labelled sucralfate suitable for clinical studies and to discuss the possible diagnostic uses of /sup 99m/Tc sucrose octasulfate. In fact, it has been possible to label the sucrose octasulfate either with /sup 99m/Tc DTPA or with /sup 99m/Tc without the use of intermediate ligands

  1. Pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-albumin in rabbits with surfactant dysfunction and lung injury

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nilsson, K.; Wollmer, P.

    1992-01-01

    We measured the pulmonary clearance of inhaled 99m Tc-DTPA and 99m Tc-albumin in rabbits with surfacant dysfunction induced by dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate and in rabbits with lung injury induced by oleic acid. After inhalation of 99m Tc-albumin in ten animals, clearance of the tracer from the lungs was monitored for 90 min. The first 30 min was a control period. Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate was then administered in aerosol and after another 30 min oleic acid was injected intravenously. Ten other rabbits were given 99m Tc-DTPA, and clearance was externally recorded for 60 min. Five animals inhaled detergent aerosol and five animals were given oleic acid intravenously after 30 min. Airway pressures, tidal volume, and arterial blood gases were measured before and after each intervention. The half-life of 99m Tc-albumin in the lung was 442 ± 123 min during the control period, 363 ± 52 min after detergent administration, and 134 ± 18 min after oleic acid administration. The half-life of 99m Tc-DTPA was 94 ± 16 min before and 10 ± 0.6 min after detergent administration and 75 ± 12 min before and 18 ± 1.8 min after oleic acid administration. Gas exchange was not affected by administration of dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate but markedly impaired after injection of oleic acid. Compliance of the respiratory system remained unaffected by detergent but decreased after injection of oleic acid. The results indicate that the rate limiting factors for the alveolo-capillary transfer of 99m Tc-albumin and 99m Tc-DTPA are different. Surfactant dysfunction affects the transfer of 99m Tc-DTPA but not 99m Tc-albumin. (author)

  2. Preparation of99mTc - dextran-500 for use in lymphoscintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hamada, E.S.; Muramoto, E.; Pereira, N.P.S. de; Brito, R.H.; Silva, C.P.G. da.

    1990-03-01

    This paper reported the preparation of lyophilized kit Dextran-500 for labelling with 99m Tc used in Nuclear Medicine as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. Each vial contains 100 mg Dextran-500 and 1,5 mg stannous chloride. The radiopharmaceutical was checked by ITLC, and the radiochemical purity and stability were determined. The studies of biological distribution were made in Wistar rats and the clinical evaluation in men was realized. Our results permited to incorporate Dextran-500 formulation as an ideal agent for routine use in lymphoscintigraphic. (author) [pt

  3. Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 99mTc-Annexin B1: A novel radioligand for apoptosis imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luo Quanyong; Zhang Zhiyong; Wang Fang; Lu Hankui; Guo Yuzhi; Zhu Ruisen

    2005-01-01

    To develop a radiopharmaceutical for apoptosis imaging, Annexin B1, a new Ca 2+ -dependent phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding protein, was directly radiolabeled with 99m Tc. This procedure yields up to 96% of radiochemical purity and higher radiolabeling efficiency. The preparation has been found to be sufficiently stable in vitro. Binding assay with human activated platelets indicated that 99m Tc-Annexin B1 retained its PS binding activity. Biodistribution in mice revealed that 99m Tc-Annexin B1 rapidly cleared from the blood and predominantly accumulated in the kidney. The increase in hepatic uptake in anti-Fas antibody treated mice correlated to histologic evidence of fulminant hepatic apoptosis. These data suggest that 99m Tc-Annexin B1 can be used as a novel radiotracer to detect apoptosis in vivo

  4. 99mTc labeled anti EGFR Nanobody pentamer for tumor radioimmunoimaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ding Zhiling; Lan Xiaoli; Li Chongjiao; Pei Zhijun; Zhang Yongxue; Wang Lifei; Gao Bin

    2014-01-01

    Novel Nanobody has small molecular weight and lower affinity. Appropriate polymer would be more suitable for radioimmunoimaging. In this study, we labeled anti EGFR Nanobody pentamer with 99m Tc to prepare tumor targeting imaging agent and to investigate its binding characteristics of tumor cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the feasibility of 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody pentamer for tumor radioimmunoimaging compared with anti EGFR Nanobody monomer. EGFR Nanobody labeled with 99m Tc through tricarbonyl intermediate. The labeled compounds were purified by an ultra centrifugal filter; The labeling efficiency was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and the radiochemical purity more than 95%. In vitro, 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody monomer and pentamer have the specific binding capability with EGFR overexpression A431 tumor cell. the binding rate of 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody monomer higher than that of pentamer (11.32% ± 2.73% vs 5.80% ± 0.92%, P < O.05). In A431 xenografted tumor was clearly displayed after intravenous injection of 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody pentamer at l.5 h, T/NT maximum was 2.9 (1.5 h), whereas, the tumor tissues was not obviously found using 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody monomer. The negative EGFR expression OCM-I xenografted tumor was not showed in both monomer and pentamer tracer. The experiment indicated that 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody pentamer are appropriate for tumor radioimmunoimaging and has the potential value for the further study. (authors)

  5. Detection of sites of infection in mice using 99mTc-labeled PN2S-PEG conjugated to UBI and 99mTc-UBI: a comparative biodistribution study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Nadali, Anna; Pasut, Gianfranco; Zangoni, Elena; De Caro, Raffaele; Cariolato, Luca; Giron, Maria Cecilia; Castagliuolo, Ignazio; Veronese, Francesco M.; Mazzi, Ulderico

    2009-01-01

    The antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin (UBI) directly labeled with technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) has recently been shown to be specifically taken up at sites of infection; however, its chemical structure is not well defined. To address this problem, the aim of the present study was to label UBI using poly(ethyleneglycol)-N-(N-(3-diphenylphosphinopropionyl)glycyl) -S-tritylcysteine ligand (PEG-PN 2 S) in order to compare its ability to detect infection sites with that of 99m Tc-UBI. Methods: The PN 2 S-PEG-UBI conjugate was prepared and labeled with 99m Tc, and its radiochemical purity was subsequently assessed. The stability of the conjugate to cysteine challenge and dilution with both saline solution and phosphate buffer was determined and serum stability and protein binding were also assessed. In vivo studies were carried out in healthy mice to study the biodistribution of 99m Tc-PN 2 S-PEG-UBI and its precursor 99m Tc-PN 2 S-PEG and in infected mice to compare the uptakes of 99m Tc-UBI and 99m Tc-PN 2 S-PEG-UBI at the site of infection using scintigraphic imaging and ex vivo tissue counting. Results: 99m Tc-PN 2 S-PEG-UBI was obtained with high radiochemical purity (98±1%) and high stability. The amphiphilic nature of the conjugate leads to a tendency to form micellar aggregates that explain the high protein binding values obtained. Biodistribution studies in mice showed low renal clearance followed by a predominant reticuloendothelial system clearance that limits its application in the abdominal area. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between 99m Tc-UBI and 99m Tc-PN 2 S-PEG-UBI uptake in infected mouse thigh, and the site of infection was clearly visualized using scintigraphic imaging. Conclusions: 99m Tc-PN 2 S-PEG-UBI proved to be as effective as 99m Tc-UBI in detecting sites of infection; however, the well-defined chemical structure of 99m Tc-PN 2 S-PEG-UBI makes it a better candidate for clinical imaging of infection

  6. sup(99m)Tc-Ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Imoto, Takeshi

    1984-01-01

    sup(99m)Tc-Ethylenediamine-N, N-Diacetic Acid (sup(99m)Tc-EDDA), a compound having affinity for tumors was evaluated, and the results were as follows. 1) sup(99m)Tc-EDDA accumulated in experimentary-induced tumors. The tumor/tissue ratio (%g/dose) of sup(99m)Tc-EDDA was greater than that of 67 Ga-citrate, especially with Ehrlich ascites tumors. 2) sup(99m)Tc-EDDA accumulated mainly in the nuclear components of tumor cells. 3) No acute toxic effects of EDDA were observed in mice, rabbits or in volunteers. 4) The sup(99m)Tc-EDDA image was positive in 72 % of clinical examinations of lung cancer. The sup(99m)Tc-EDDA did not accumulate in the liver, and this suggests that tumor near the liver may be more easily detected with sup(99m)Tc-EDDA than with 67 Ga-citrate. 5) In some cases sup(99m)Tc-EDDA accumulated in mammary glands (nipples) and in pleural effusions (pleuritis), though the mechanism of which was obscure. 6) sup(99m)Tc-EDDA is a good agent for detecting malignant tumors. (author)

  7. Clinical evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI (sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-pyridoxylidene isoleucine) in the various hepatobiliary disorders

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kawaguchi, S; Iio, M; Yamada, H; Murata, H; Chiba, K [Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center (Japan)

    1978-12-01

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatobiliary scanning using sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI in clinical diagnosis of various hepatobiliary disorders. Nineteen patients were scanned with sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI. The results were as follows: 1) The stability of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI examined by paper chromatography using saline as a solvent showed satisfied result at scanning time. sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI in the blood was assumed to be bound to serum proteins immediately after injection. sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI in the urine was assumed to keep the form of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI. 2) The appearance times of kidney, liver, bile duct, gallbladder, and intestine in the normal case were 5, 5, 10 and 15 minutes respectively after injection. The peak times of hepatogram in the normal case, drug induced hepatitis and obstructive jaundice were 12, 15 and 18 minutes respectively after injection. The images obtained by sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI was superior to the images obtained by /sup 131/I-BSP. 3) The blood clearance and urinary excretion rate of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI also provided us clinical usefulness. 4) The scanning of Dubin-Johnson syndrome of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI showed almost normal hepatobiliary image similar to the sequential scan by /sup 131/I-RB as was reported previously by authors. In conclusion, the hepatobiliary scan using sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI provided clear hepatobiliary images. Other parameters such as blood clearance, urinary excretion rate and diameter of choledochus were also favorable. By combining it with sup(99m)Tc-HIDA a differential diagnosis of congenital jaundice is also expected.

  8. Clinical evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI [sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-pyridoxylidene isoleucine] in the various hepatobiliary disorders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kawaguchi, Schinichiro; Iio, Masahiro; Yamada, Hideo; Murata, Hajime; Chiba, Kazuo

    1978-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatobiliary scanning using sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI in clinical diagnosis of various hepatobiliary disorders. Nineteen patients were scanned with sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI. The results were as follows: 1) The stability of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI examined by paper chromatography using saline as a solvent showed satisfied result at scanning time. sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI in the blood was assumed to be bound to serum proteins immediately after injection. sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI in the urine was assumed to keep the form of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI. 2) The appearance times of kidney, liver, bile duct, gallbladder, and intestine in the normal case were 5, 5, 10 and 15 minutes respectively after injection. The peak times of hepatogram in the normal case, drug induced hepatitis and obstructive jaundice were 12, 15 and 18 minutes respectively after injection. The images obtained by sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI was superior to the images obtained by 131 I-BSP. 3) The blood clearance and urinary excretion rate of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI also provided us clinical usefulness. 4) The scanning of Dubin-Johnson syndrome of sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI showed almost normal hepatobiliary image similar to the sequential scan by 131 I-RB as was reported previously by authors. In conclusion, the hepatobiliary scan using sup(99m)Tc-(Sn)-PI provided clear hepatobiliary images. Other parameters such as blood clearance, urinary excretion rate and diameter of choledochus were also favorable. By combining it with sup(99m)Tc-HIDA a differential diagnosis of congenital jaundice is also expected. (author)

  9. Different uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-ECD and {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO in the same brains: analysis by statistical parametric mapping

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hyun, I.Y. [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon (Korea); Lee, J.S.; Lee, D.S. [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea); Rha, J.H.; Lee, I.K.; Ha, C.K. [Dept. of Neurology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon (Korea)

    2001-02-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer ({sup 99m}Tc-ECD) and technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) uptake in the same brains by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. We examined 20 patients (9 male, 11 female, mean age 62{+-}12 years) using {sup 99m}Tc-ECD and {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO single-photon emission tomography (SPET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain less than 7 days after onset of stroke. MRI showed no cortical infarctions. Infarctions in the pons (6 patients) and medulla (1), ischaemic periventricular white matter lesions (13) and lacunar infarction (7) were found on MRI. Split-dose and sequential SPET techniques were used for {sup 99m}Tc-ECD and {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO brain SPET, without repositioning of the patient. All of the SPET images were spatially transformed to standard space, smoothed and globally normalized. The differences between the {sup 99m}Tc-ECD and {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO SPET images were statistically analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 96 software. The difference between two groups was considered significant at a threshold of uncorrected P values less than 0.01. Visual analysis showed no hypoperfused areas on either {sup 99m}Tc-ECD or {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO SPET images. SPM analysis revealed significantly different uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-ECD and {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO in the same brains. On the {sup 99m}Tc-ECD SPET images, relatively higher uptake was observed in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, in the left superior temporal lobe and in the superior region of the cerebellum. On the {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO SPET images, relatively higher uptake was observed in the medial temporal lobes, thalami, periventricular white matter and brain stem. These differences in uptake of the two tracers in the same brains on SPM analysis suggest that interpretation of cerebral perfusion is possible using SPET with {sup 99m}Tc-ECD and

  10. Synthesis, radiochromatography and biodistribution of sup(99m)Tc-dimethylphosphinoethane (DMPE) complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Angelberger, P.; Wagner-Loeffler, M.; Hruby, E.; Dudczak, R.

    1985-01-01

    The title complex were prepared from no-carrier-added sup(99m)Tc-TcOsub(4)sup(-) and the air-sensitive reducing ligand DMPE under argon in ethanol-water. At acidic pH [Tc(III)Clsub(2) dmpesub(2)]sup(+) was formed, while alkaline pH led to the formation of 95% yield in less than 1 hour, otherwise the [Tc(V)Osub(2)dmpesub(2)]sup(+) intermediate was present. Electrophoresis demonstrated the unit positive charge and reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC provided separation and identification of sup(99m)Tc-products by direct comparison with known sup(99m)Tc-complexes. In rats the sup(99m)Tc-complexes were excrated by kidneys and liver and reached high heart/blood but only low heart/lung and heart/liver ratios. In dogs satisfactory myocardial scintigrams were obtained in spite of high liver activity. (author)

  11. Technetium-99m ceftizoxime kit preparation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Odília Fernandes Diniz

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to prepare a kit of 99mTc-ceftizoxime (99mTc-CFT, with stability and biological activity preserved, able to identify a septic focus (E. coli in the experimental infection model in rats. The preparation of the CFT kit involved the use of lyophilized solutions containing the antibiotic ceftizoxime and the sodium dithionite reducing agent (6.0 mg/mL. After lyophilization, the kit was reconstituted with 1.0 mL of sodium 99mTc-pertechnetate solution (Na99mTcO4- with an activity of 370 MBq. The solution was boiled for 10 min and filtered through a cellulose ester filter. The labeling efficiency was on the order of 92%, remaining stable for six hours and the kit remained stable for two months. The biological activity of the 99mTc-CFT was evaluated by diffusion in agar impregnated with E.coli and S. aureus. Seven Wistar rats, weighing from 200 to 250 g, were used for the development of the septic focus. After 24 hours from the induction of the infectious site (E.coli, the animals were anesthetized and 0.1 mL of 99mTc-CFT (37 MBq was injected into the tail veins of the animals. The images were obtained with a gamma camera one, two and six hours after injection and the regions of interest (ROIs were calculated. The diameters of the inhibition halos for 99mTc-CFT were 27.16 ± 0.23 and 27.17 ± 0.20 for S.aureus and E.coli, respectively, while those for the unlabeled CFT were 30.4 ± 0.33 and 29.43 ± 0.26, respectively. The results for the biodistribution of 99mTc-CFT in infected animals furnished a ratio of 1.97 ± 0.31, 2.10 ± 0.42 and 2.01 ± 0.42 for cpm-target/cpm-no target for the one, two and six-hour periods, respectively. The images showed a clear uptake of labeled antibiotic (99mTc-CFT by the infectious site during the experiment. The results attest to the viability of producing a kit with 99m technetium-labeled ceftizoxime for the investigation of infectious processes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar um kit de Tc

  12. Study of {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA biodistribution in experimental animals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Castro, Thais O.M. de; Silva, Natanael G. da; Colturato, Maria T.; Felgueiras, Carlos F.; Mengatti, Jair; Fukumori, Neuza T.O.; Matsuda, Margareth M.N.; Araújo, Elaine B. de, E-mail: thais.castrom@gmail.com [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Radiofarmacia

    2017-11-01

    {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA, succimer ({sup 99m}Tc), is a radiopharmaceutical commonly used in nuclear medicine for renal function evaluation by imaging. In order to achieve adequate labeling of the product with good radiochemical yield and standardized biological distribution, the interval of 185 - 3700 MBq should be kept in a maximum volume of 3 mL for product labeling. Moreover, one should avoid exposing the reconstituted solution to oxygen and using the product after four hours post labeling. The aim of the study was to quantify and evaluate the influence of different DMSA complexes on biological distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in experimental animals, taking in account variations in the labeling parameters. Radiochemical purity was determined by paper and thin layer chromatography using both acetone/Whatman 3MM, 0.9% NaCl/TLC-SG and n-propanol/ H{sub 2}O/acetic acid (4:3:1 V/V/V)/TLC-SG systems respectively for quantification of {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4} - and {sup 99m}TcO{sub 2} plus some {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA complexes. The labeling activity did not significantly affect the extent of the main complex generation. The presence of oxygen and the concentration of {sup 99}Tc did not markedly change the percentage of the radiochemical impurities in the preparation. Radiochemical purity tests of the DMSA-{sup 99m}Tc based on IPEN-CNEN DMSA-TEC reagent and on another producer's reagent showed similar results. Although the routine method used by IPEN-CNEN to determine the radiochemical yield of {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA was not able to discriminate among {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA complexes, the renal uptake and the kidney to liver plus spleen uptake ratio in rats met the official compendia criteria for the radiopharmaceutical. (author)

  13. Study of "9"9"mTc-DMSA biodistribution in experimental animals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Castro, Thais O.M. de; Silva, Natanael G. da; Colturato, Maria T.; Felgueiras, Carlos F.; Mengatti, Jair; Fukumori, Neuza T.O.; Matsuda, Margareth M.N.; Araújo, Elaine B. de

    2017-01-01

    "9"9"mTc-DMSA, succimer ("9"9"mTc), is a radiopharmaceutical commonly used in nuclear medicine for renal function evaluation by imaging. In order to achieve adequate labeling of the product with good radiochemical yield and standardized biological distribution, the interval of 185 - 3700 MBq should be kept in a maximum volume of 3 mL for product labeling. Moreover, one should avoid exposing the reconstituted solution to oxygen and using the product after four hours post labeling. The aim of the study was to quantify and evaluate the influence of different DMSA complexes on biological distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in experimental animals, taking in account variations in the labeling parameters. Radiochemical purity was determined by paper and thin layer chromatography using both acetone/Whatman 3MM, 0.9% NaCl/TLC-SG and n-propanol/ H_2O/acetic acid (4:3:1 V/V/V)/TLC-SG systems respectively for quantification of "9"9"mTcO_4 - and "9"9"mTcO_2 plus some "9"9"mTc-DMSA complexes. The labeling activity did not significantly affect the extent of the main complex generation. The presence of oxygen and the concentration of "9"9Tc did not markedly change the percentage of the radiochemical impurities in the preparation. Radiochemical purity tests of the DMSA-"9"9"mTc based on IPEN-CNEN DMSA-TEC reagent and on another producer's reagent showed similar results. Although the routine method used by IPEN-CNEN to determine the radiochemical yield of "9"9"mTc-DMSA was not able to discriminate among "9"9"mTc-DMSA complexes, the renal uptake and the kidney to liver plus spleen uptake ratio in rats met the official compendia criteria for the radiopharmaceutical. (author)

  14. 99mTc-Novobiocin: a novel radiotracer for infection imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shah, S.Q.; Khan, M.R.; Khan, A.U.

    2011-01-01

    The radiosynthesis of 99m Tc-Novobiocin ( 99m Tc-NBN) complex and its suitability as a radiotracer for infection imaging was assessed. The radiochemical purity (RCP) of the 99m Tc-NBN complex was determined using radio-TLC and radioactive HPLC and biodistribution was studied in artificially infected (A.I.) rats and rabbit, using single well gamma counter (SWGRC) interface with scalar count rate meter (SCRM) and Gamma Camera (γ-CM). The maximum RCP observed for the preparation having 2 mg of NBN, 111 MBq of sodium pertechnetate (Na 99m TcO 4 ) and 125 μL of SnF 2 (1 μg/μL in 0.01 N HCl) at a pH 5.6 was 98.97±0.40% and remained stable >90% up to 120 min. The activity of the 99m Tc-NBN in the infected muscle (TI) was significantly increased from 6.50±0.15 to 19.00±0.17% and decreased in the inflamed muscle (TII), normal muscle (NT), blood, liver, spleen, stomach and intestine within 120 min. The TI/NT and TII/NT ratios were 7.60±1.08 and 1.60±1.14. The Whole Body Static (WBS) images of A.I. rabbit were obtained at 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after the I.V. administration of 111 MBq of 99m Tc-NBN to the A.I. rabbit. The stability in saline and serum, higher TI/NT, lower TII/NT ratios and WBS images confirmed the feasibility of the 99m Tc-NBN complex as an infection imaging agent. (orig.)

  15. Hepato-biliary scan using sup(99m)Tc-pyridoxylidene isoleucine (sup(99m)Tc-PI) and its clinical significance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nakano, S; Watahiki, H; Takeda, I; Kitamura, K; Ichikawa, H [Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu (Japan)

    1978-05-01

    The hepato-biliary scan with sup(99m)Tc-pyridoxylidene Isoleucine (sup(99m)Tc-PI) was able to demonstrate the biliary system much more clearly than that using usual radiopharmaceuticals such as /sup 131/I-BSP of /sup 131/I-Rose Bengal. The hepato-biliary scan with sup(99m)Tc-PI demonstrated the hepatobiliary system more clearly than DIC in 47.6% of all cases studied. Especially the demonstration of changes of intra-hepatic biliary tree in cases with intra-hepatic gall stone and cholangiocarcinoma was quite superior to DIC, although there was somewhat difficulty in getting information about the right hepatic duct. For the diagnosis of gall stone in the gall bladder, DIC was more suitable than sup(99m)Tc-PI hepatobiliary scan. The sup(99m)Tc-PI hepato-biliary scan was able to demonstrate the biliary system even in cases having moderate jaundice, in which cases DIC could not demonstrate the biliary system. This sup(99m)Tc-PI hepato-biliary scan was proved to be useful in determing a certain cause of defects shown on the conventional liver scan. No side effect was noticed in this series of the study.

  16. The transport, hepatobiliary distribution and clearance of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-lidocaine iminodiacetic acid, sup(99m)Tc-Sn-Lida

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noronha, O.P.D.; Sewatkar, A.B.; Ganatra, R.D.; Subramanian, G.

    1977-01-01

    Details are given of the preparation of stable sterile solutions of the radiopharmaceutical sup(99m)Tc-Sn-LIDA for use as a hepatobiliary scanning agent. Toxicity and survival studies in mice showed no untoward response even at a concentration of up to 210 mg/kg mouse, and the usual human dose is very much less than this. Tissue distribution studies in rats and mice showed a rapid decrease in liver activity with concomitant increase in gut activity. Scintiscans of a rabbit injected (i.v.) with 2.0 mCi of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-LIDA also showed extremely rapid excretion of the radiopharmaceutical. Sequential gamma camera images obtained 2 to 60 min after administration to overnight fasting normal human subjects revealed rapid liver uptake and gall bladder localization in about 20 min, followed by a gradual decrease in liver activity and increase in the activity in the intestinal tract. After about 40 min the liver has been washed-out of activity, leaving the gall bladder visible. sup(99m)Tc-Sn-LIDA is therefore an excellent hepatobiliary scanning agent. (U.K.)

  17. The preparation for an instant kit of 99mTc(V) DMSA as a tumor-seeking imaging agent and animal experimentation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Yunlong; Li Hongyu; Jing Hui; Guo Hongyuan; Liu Yingmei; Zhao Hui

    1997-10-01

    A method for preparing an instant kit of 99m Tc(V) DMSA was described. The effect of pH on labelling efficiency of the kit was investigated. 99m Tc(V) DMSA was characterized by TLC on silica-gel sheets, eluting with n-butanol: acetic acid: water = 3:2:3 (volume ratio). Radiochemical purity and stability of 99m Tc(V) DMSA in vitro were studied. The results clearly demonstrated that the yield of 99m Tc(V) DMSA was more than 95% at pH 8∼8.5 and the agent was stable in 3 h at room temperature. Effect of temperature, moisture and luminosity on the stability of the freeze-dried kit were considered. The biological distributions of 99m Tc(V) DMSA were measured in mice bearing tumor S180. The results indicated that during 1∼6 h after i.v. injection, 99m Tc(V) DMSA was highly up taken in tumor tissue, the ratios of tumor: muscle and tumor: bone were in the ranges of 1.4∼2.4 and 1.2∼1.8, respectively. This peculiarity indicated that 99m Tc(V) DMSA has tumor-seeking property and could be used as a tumor-seeking imaging agent. (9 refs., 11 tabs.)

  18. Analysis of accumulation of 99mTc-octreotide and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide in the rat kidneys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kopecky, Martin; Semecky, Vladimir; Trejtnar, Frantisek; Laznicek, Milan; Laznickova, Alice; Nachtigal, Petr; Decristoforo, Clemens; Mather, Stephen J; Mäcke, Helmut R

    2004-02-01

    The aim of this study was to compare renal handling and distribution of (99m)Tc-octreotide and (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide (HYNIC-TOC) in rats. In kidney perfusion experiments, the renal clearance value of (99m)Tc-octreotide was three times lower than that of (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. The predominant renal excretion of (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC was associated with a high and long-term renal accumulation up to 48 hrs. Microautoradiographic results indicated that (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC was retained mainly in the renal medulla within the cells of the collecting ducts and in the surrounding tissue. Lower positivity was found in the proximal and distal tubular cells. We conclude that the mechanism of renal accumulation of somatostatin analogues renal accumulation is complex and that proximal tubular reabsorption is probably not the main mechanism for uptake of (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in the kidneys. The presence of the somatostatin receptors, differences in the tonicity level within kidneys and other possible mechanisms could participate in their renal accumulation.

  19. Analysis of accumulation of 99mTc-octreotide and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide in the rat kidneys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kopecky, Martin; Semecky, Vladimir; Trejtnar, Frantisek; Laznicek, Milan; Laznickova, Alice; Nachtigal, Petr; Decristoforo, Clemens; Mather, Stephen J.; Maecke, Helmut R.

    2004-01-01

    The aim of this study was to compare renal handling and distribution of 99m Tc-octreotide and 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr 3 -octreotide (HYNIC-TOC) in rats. In kidney perfusion experiments, the renal clearance value of 99m Tc-octreotide was three times lower than that of 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. The predominant renal excretion of 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC was associated with a high and long-term renal accumulation up to 48 hrs. Microautoradiographic results indicated that 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC was retained mainly in the renal medulla within the cells of the collecting ducts and in the surrounding tissue. Lower positivity was found in the proximal and distal tubular cells. We conclude that the mechanism of renal accumulation of somatostatin analogues renal accumulation is complex and that proximal tubular reabsorption is probably not the main mechanism for uptake of 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in the kidneys. The presence of the somatostatin receptors, differences in the tonicity level within kidneys and other possible mechanisms could participate in their renal accumulation

  20. New bisaminoethanethiol (BAT) ligands which form two interconvertible Tc-99m complexes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oya, Shunichi; Kung, Mei-Ping; Frederick, Dana; Kung, Hank F

    1995-08-01

    Most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals in diagnostic nuclear medicine are labeled with Tc-99m. This is due to its superior physical characteristics (T{sub (1(2))} = 6 h and gamma energy 140 KeV) and convenient availability from the {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99mm}Tc generator. In an attempt to fine tune the properties of Tc-99m complexes, the synthesis and radiolabeling of two novel N{sub 2}S{sub 2} ligands, N,-2-mercaptobenzyl-N'-(1-oxo-2-mercapto-2-methyl)propyl ethylenediamine,8, and N,-2-methylthiobenzyl-N'-(1-oxo-2-mercapto-2-methyl)propyl ethylenediamine, 11, with an ionizable SH or unionizable SMe group, respectively, for the formation of complexes with Tc{sup v}O center cores, have been examined. Both ligands initially formed one apparently stable, lipophilic and neutral complex (HPLC, Rt = 7 min, reverse-phase column, acetonitrile: buffer, pH 7.0; (55(45)); V/V; partition coefficient between 1-octanol and buffer of 410 and 335, respectively) with [{sup 99m}Tc]pertechnetate in the presence of stannous chloride. After treatment with a reducing agent, NaCNBH{sub 3}, the initial [{sup 99m}Tc]8 and 11 complexes were reduced; the reduced complexes were less lipophilic (shorter retention time, Rt = 5 min, on the same reversed phase HPLC). However, only the oxidized form showed sufficient stability. The reduced forms of both [{sup 99m}Tc]8 and 11 were readily and completely converted back to the oxidized forms by a stream of air. Biodistribution studies in rats demonstrated that the [{sup 99m}Tc]8 (oxidized form) penetrated the blood-brain barrier (0.67% dose/organ at 2 min postinjection), but washed out from the brain quickly (0.29% dose/organ at 30 min postinjection). On the contrary, [{sup 99m}Tc]11 (oxidized form) did not show any brain uptake (0.03% dose/organ at 2 min postinjection), despite its higher lipophilicity. The disparity between these two Tc-99m complexes may be related to the relative instability of [{sup 99m}Tc]11 (oxidized form) by the introduction of the

  1. Preparation of 99mTc- Tin colloid: a freeze-dried kit for liver imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hamada, E.S.; Muramoto, E.; Barbosa, M.R.F. de; Colturato, M.T.; Herrerias, R.

    1988-07-01

    99m Tc-tin-colloid was formulated as a useful agent for liver imaging. The radiochemical purity and stability of the labeled colloid were determined by paper chromatography and 85% methanol solvent, the labelling efficiency was > 95%. The comparative studies of the biological distribution of 99m Tc-tin-colloid and 99 Tc-Sulphur-colloid were made with Wistar rats. The results of organ distribution were similar in both products; > 90% liver uptake. (author) [pt

  2. Solid phase reduction of 99mTcO4radical with zinc: a method for the preparation of difficult 99mTc complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kremer, C.; Leon, A.; Gambino, D.; Cartesio, S.; Ures, C.; Savio, E.; Campos, E.; Kremer, E.

    1989-01-01

    Two groups of compounds: aminoacids (glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, lysine) and amines (ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, o-phenantroline, o-phenylenediamine) have been labelled with 99m Tc by means of a solid phase reduction using fine powdered zinc as reducing agent. In all cases radiochemical purity in excess of 90% was obtained, with no evidence of colloid formation. Labelling yields were variable depending on the ligand used. The results show that the method presented allows labelling some molecules with 99m Tc for which the use of conventional techniques are not feasible. (author)

  3. Comparison of 99m-Tc-MDP and 99m-Tc-MIBI whole body scans for diagnosis of widespread skeletal metastases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ansari, M.; Hoshiar, A.; Mortazavi, S.H.

    2002-01-01

    Skeletal metastasis is one of the most important disabling complications of the malignant diseases. As in general, the survival of patients with osteometastatic lesions is relatively long, an early diagnosis can lead to improve the patient's life, both quantitatively and qualitatively and prevent exacerbation of the disease and disabling complications. In this study 22 patients with established diagnosis of malignant disease and clinical manifestations of skeletal metastasis were evaluated both with 99 m-Tc-MIBI and 99 m-Tc-MDP whole body scans, in two separate phases. Patient's diagnosis were as following: small round cell tumor, breast carcinoma. Nasopharynx carcinoma and multiple myeloma. In the first phase of the study a whole body bone scan was performed by IV injection of 740MBq 99 m-Tc-MDP. After a period of 1 week a whole body scan carried out by 99 m-Tc-MDP for all the patients. No treatment such as radiation therapy ar chemotherapy was done in this 1 week interval. The number and intensity of the scan findings were compared visually, according to the three- phase staging, subsequently. whole body survey with 99 m-Tc-MDP in 14 out 22 patient were positive demonstrating only 44.4% of body lesions established on whole body bone scan with 99 m-Tc-MDP. The mean value of intensity of radiotracer uptake was around 1.5+ (mild to moderate ). on the other hand in 7 patients with positive 99 m-Tc-MDP scan some hidden soft tissue lesions ( mostly lymph nodes) were detected with intensity of 2+. So this study shows that whole body bone scan is preferable for detection of widespread metastasis comparing with 99 m-Tc-MDP whole body scan. the significance of 99 m-Tc-MDP scan is mainly limited to some equivocal of soft tissue lesions

  4. Performance tests on column materials for {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sombrito, E Z; Bulos, A D; Tangonan, M C [Chemistry Research Section, Atomic Research Div., Philippine Nuclear Research Inst., Quezon (Philippines)

    1998-10-01

    To meet the need of producing a {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generator, based on low specific activity reactor-produced {sup 99}Mo, different procedures for preparing zirconium molybdate gels were tested. Performance tests were done on molybdate gel columns prepared using the procedures developed by Vietnam and China, and recently, on a polyzirconium compound (PZC) prepared in Japan. The conditions for the batch drying of a large volume of the gel material were studied as well as the conditions in preparing a column to concentrate technetium-99m. The performance of PZC sample as column material for the generator was also evaluated. (author)

  5. Evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-albumin dilution curve with simultaneous injection of sup(99m)Tc- and 131I-albumins

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kinoshita, Masahiko; Kato, Shotaro; Motomura, Masakazu; Kawakita, Seiichi

    1979-01-01

    A critical comparison of radiocardiograms with sup(99m)Tc- and 131 I-albumins was made to determine whether or not sup(99m)Te-albumin can be used as a tracer for measuring blood volume (BV) and cardiac output (CO). Simultaneous injection of both isotopes was given to twenty-two patients to obtain radiocardiograms for each by means of a single scintillation counter with two pulse height analyzers. Such method allows for the determination of the energy levels for both sup(99m)Tc and 131 I. The radiocardiographic pattern was somewhat different between sup(99m)Tc- and 131 I-radiocardiograms: The ratio of left to right peak height was 16% on the average lower in the sup(99m)Tc-radiocardiogram than in the 131 I-one. The reason for the lower ratio is explained by greater absorption of sup(99m)Tc-radioactivity within the soft tissue interposing between the scintillation probe and heart. The values for sup(99m)Tc-derived blood volume were 7.4% on the average larger than those for 131 I-derived blood volume (p less than 0.01), although the correlation was excellent (r = 0.98 p less than 0.01). There was no systemic difference between cardiac output determined by sup(99m)Tc- and 131 I-albumins since the overestimation of blood volume can compensate for the underestimation of CO/BV by sup(99m)Tc-study. In view of its rapid extravasation, sup(99m)Tc-albumin is not so appropriate tracer for accurate measurements of BV and CO/BV, although it may be used for measurement of cardiac output. (author)

  6. Initial direct comparison of 99mTc-TOC and 99mTc-TATE in identifying sites of disease in patients with proven GEP NETs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cwikla, Jaroslaw B; Mikolajczak, Renata; Pawlak, Dariusz; Buscombe, John R; Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Anna; Bator, Andrzej; Maecke, Helmut R; Walecki, Jerzy

    2008-07-01

    The imaging of neuroendocrine tumors has become one of the most significant areas in nuclear oncology. In an attempt to provide high-quality imaging and possible sensitivity at a reduced cost, time, and radiation dose, several (99m)Tc agents have been proposed. The aim of this initial study was to compare the tumor uptake and biodistribution of 2 new 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-derivatized Tyr(3)-octreotide analogs, (99m)Tc-[HYNIC,Tyr(3)]octreotide ((99m)Tc-TOC) and (99m)Tc-[HYNIC,Tyr(3),Thr(8)]octreotide ((99m)Tc-TATE), in patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors. Each of 12 patients with proven gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors received a mean activity of 520 MBq of (99m)Tc-TOC and (99m)Tc-TATE. Scintigraphy with both tracers was performed 3-4 h after their injection using standard whole-body and SPECT imaging. The images were reviewed subjectively by 2 readers, who reported tumor uptake lesion by lesion. Both radiotracers demonstrated concordance between the results in 7 patients (58%). In total, 110 sites of disease were identified with (99m)Tc-TOC, compared with 115 with (99m)Tc-TATE. There was 1 case in which (99m)Tc-TOC identified sites of disease not seen on (99m)Tc-TATE imaging but 4 cases in which some sites of disease were seen with (99m)Tc-TATE and not (99m)Tc-TOC. In this initial study, both tracers seem to show similar sites of tumor, with (99m)Tc-TATE having a slight edge in the total number of lesions seen, especially in lymph node metastases.

  7. Radiochemical purity and in vitro stability of Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vucina, J.

    2001-01-01

    The increased contents of long lived 99 Tc, oxygen and cupric ions could affect the labeling yield of eight radiopharmaceuticals. Oxygen and in leaser extend copper were found to affect the radiochemical purity of the preparations. In vitro stability of radiopharmaceuticals, examined on 99m Tc(Sn)-pyrosphoshate solutions, was extended when ascorbic acid was added as the chemical stabilizer. The quantity of 5x10 -7 mol/dm 3 of ascorbic acid was found to be sufficient to keep the content of 99m Tc-pertechnetate below 1 % six hours after labeling even in the cases when 99m Tc was present in high radioactive concentrations (740-814 GBq/dm 3 ). The results led to the development of the kits in which ascorbic or gentisic acid are the standards component in the kit composition (author)

  8. Treatment with radioisotopes (RI), (40). A discussion of a morphological diagnosis and a diagnosis of cell function in the liver with sup(99m)Tc-HIDA (sup(99m)Tc-PI) and sup(99m)Tc-phytate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Asahara, A [Central Hospital of JNR, Tokyo (Japan)

    1978-11-01

    sup(99m)Tc-N-N-(N'(2,6 dimethylphenyl) carbamoyl methyl) iminodiacetic acid (sup(99m)Tc-HIDA) or sup(99m)Tc-phytate was administered to the same case, and their uptake into the liver was discussed by hepatic scintigraphy and hepatogram. As a result, hepatic images of subjects with normal liver function and those with cholelithiasis whose biliary flow was normal were the same, and there was no difference in a morphological diagnosis between them. Sufficient images could not be obtained because sup(99m)Tc-HIDA uptake into the liver decreased in acute hepatitis and acute obstructive jaundice, but sufficient images could be obtained by using sup(99m)Tc-phytate and its uptake into the liver was normal. The uptake of both agents decreased in most of the subjects with liver cirrhosis. As a collective result of both agents, various specific patterns of their uptake were showed according to diseases. sup(99m)Tc-phytate is more useful when an examination is made only to take hepatic image, because this agent is less limit for hepatic imaging. Uptake of sup(99m)Tc-HIDA and sup(99m)Tc-phytate into the liver and their excretion were almost the same in most of diseases, and there was no difference in diagnostic application merits between them. Excretion rate of sup(99m)Tc-HIDA was very low in Dubin-Johnson syndrome, but that of sup(99m)Tc-pyridoxylidene isoleusin (PI) was almost normal. It was supposed that metabolism of sup(99m)Tc-HIDA in hepatic cells differs from that of sup(99m)Tc-PI. (Tsunoda, M.).

  9. Studies of techniques for the post-elution concentration of 99mTc obtained from gel type 99Mo/99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Katia Noriko

    2009-01-01

    On average 80% of the radiopharmaceuticals used in Nuclear Medicine are labeled with 99 mTc due to its physical properties and easy attainment through of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc generators. The Directory of Radiopharmacy (DIRF) of IPEN-CNEN/SP developed a gel type chromatographic generator of MoZr with 99 Mo produced by 98 Mo(n,γ) 99 Mo reaction that occurs at the IEA-R1 Nuclear Reactor. The gel is composed of zirconium molybdate with elution volume of 12 mL with an activity of 11100 MBq (300 mCi) producing a radioactive concentration of 925 MBq (25 mCi)/mL. The fission generator gives a higher radioactive concentration around 1850 MBq (50 mCi)/mL. The aim of this work is to study a system of post-elution concentration of 99 mTc for the attainment of a high enough radioactive concentration to meet the demands of the market, with a proved quality. Two types of systems of post-elution concentration were developed: the single and the tandem. The most appropriate system for the gel generator of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc, being at the same time sterile and vacuum automated, was the tandem system using Dionex 2.5 cc/QMA cartridges. The gel generator is eluted with 10 mL of solution of 0.1% NaCl and the pertechnetate anion is retained in the QMA cartridge and further eluted with 4 mL of saline. The process takes no more than 30 minutes. The elution efficiency of the system of concentration was 90 %. At the beginning of 2009 a global crisis in the supply of 99 Mo took place making it necessary the development of alternative technologies for the production of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc generators using fission produced 99 Mo and the development of an appropriate method to extend the useful life of this generator. The results of this study showed that the same system developed for the post- concentration of the gel generator can be employed for the fission generator, using the tandem system, giving a concentration factor of 3 for the elution of 99 mTc. (author)

  10. 99mTc-ECD SPECT study in dementia and aphasia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuwabara, Yasuo; Ichiya, Yuichi; Otsuka, Makoto; Sasaki, Masayuki; Akashi, Yuko; Fukumura, Toshimitsu; Yoshida, Tsuyoshi; Masuda, Kouji; Ichimiya, Atsushi

    1993-01-01

    We studied clinical significance of 99m Tc-L,L,-ethyl cysteine dimer ( 99m Tc-ECD) SPECT study in dementia and aphasia, and compared it with 99m Tc-HMPAO SPECT study. The subjects consisted of 13 patients, including 10 patients with dementia and 3 patients with aphasia. Hypoperfusion areas were detected in 5 out of 10 patients with dementia and 2 out of 3 patients with aphasia in 99m Tc-ECD SPECT, and in 4 out of 10 patients with dementia and all of 3 patients with aphasia in 99m Tc-HMPAO SPECT. The count rate ratios in 99m Tc-ECD and 99m Tc-HMPAO SPECT were correlated well with each other, and the contrast of the 99m Tc-ECD SPECT image was equivalent or slightly higher as compared with 99m Tc-HMPAO. Therefore, 99m Tc-ECD SPECT study was considered to be useful for the evaluation of cerebral perfusion in dementia and aphasia. (author)

  11. /sup 99m/Tc labelled ulcer avid agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scopinaro, F.; Linari, G.; Baldieri, M.; Liberatore, M.; Corti, E.; Signori, C.

    1986-01-01

    Sulfated oligosaccharides have some interesting pharmacological properties: they are anticoagulants and protect the ulcerative areas of epithelia by precipitating over ulcers together with exudative proteins. Some sucralfate labelling methods using /sup 75/Se, /sup 111/In, /sup 99m/Tc-albumin and /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA have been reported. Only the /sup 99m/Tc-sucralfate has, at present, the requisites to be used as an ulcer-seeking agent. The aim of this study were: (a) to introduce a simple and easy-to-repeat method for the labelling of sucralfate with /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA; (b) to demonstrate that it is possible to label the sucrose octasulfate directly with /sup 99m/Tc without the aid of other ligands (e.g. DTPA)

  12. /sup 99m/Tc-aminohexylidendiphosphonate and /sup 99/mTc-Pyrophosphate in the scintigraphic diagnosis of experimental cardiomyopathy in dogs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Duska, F; Kafka, P; Mazurova, Y; Hadas, L; Vizda, J; Palicka, V; Grossman, V

    1987-10-01

    Experimental cardiomyopathy was provoked in 24 dogs with high intravenous doses of adrenaline and theophylline. These lesions were studied by means of the new agent /sup 99m/Tc-AHDP and /sup 99m/Tc-PYP in comparison. Cardiomyopathy could be imaged as early as 4 h after the onset of involvement but not later than 7 days. A maximum accumulation occurred in lesions 24 h old, /sup 99m/Tc uptake in the myocardium was graded scintigraphically, /sup 99m/Tc-AHDP was accumulated in the altered myocardium to a greater extent than /sup 99m/Tc-PYP. Scintigraphic findings were in good agreement with plasma levels of creatine-kinase. A comparison with histology demonstrated that the maximum accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals occurred at the time when the development of myocardium involvement reached the stage of myocytolysis.

  13. 99mTc renal tubular function agents: Current status

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eshima, D.; Fritzberg, A.R.; Taylor, A. Jr.

    1990-01-01

    Orthoiodohippuric (OIH) acid labeled with 131I is a widely used renal radiopharmaceutical agent and has been the standard radiopharmaceutical agent for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow (EPRF). Limitations to the routine clinical use of 131I OIH are related to the suboptimal imaging properties of the 131I radionuclide and its relatively high radiation dose. 123I has been substituted for 131I; however, its high cost and short shelf-life have limited its widespread use. Recent work has centered on the development of a new 99mTc renal tubular function agent, which would use the optimal radionuclidic properties and availability of 99mTc and combine the clinical information provided by OIH. The search for a suitable 99mTc renal tubular function agent has focused on the diamide dithiolate (N2S2), the paraaminohippuric iminodiacetic acid (PAHIDA), and the triamide mercaptide (N3S) donor ligand systems. To date, the most promising 99mTc tubular function agent is the N3S complex: 99mTc mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc MAG3). Studies in animal models in diuresis, dehydration, acid or base imbalance, ischemia, and renal artery stenosis demonstrate that 99mTc MAG3 behaves similarly to 131I OIH. A simple kit formulation is available that yields the 99mTc MAG3 complex in high radiochemical purity. Studies in normal subjects and patients indicate that 99mTc MAG3 is an excellent 99mTc renal tubular agent, but its plasma clearance is only 50% to 60% that of OIH. In an effort to develop an improved 99mTc renal tubular function agent, changes have been made in the core N3S donor ligand system, but to date no agent has been synthesized that is clinically superior to 99mTc MAG3. 61 references

  14. Chemical form of tumor-tropic 99mTc-DL-homocysteine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takeda, A.; Okada, S.

    1989-01-01

    Analyses of the chemical forms of 99m Tc-complexes provide important information for the development of a new tumor-tropic 99m Tc-labeled radiopharmaceutical. We attempted to determine the chemical form of 99m Tc-DL-homocysteine ( 99m Tc-Hcy) which was previously reported to be tumor-tropic. By analyzing the functional residues of Hcy in the 99m Tc-Hcy molecule, it was estimated that the sulfhydryl and amino residues participated in the chelate formation. Gel filtration analysis of 99m Tc-Hcy indicated that its molecular size was bigger than that of 99m Tc-penicillamine monomer. The analysis also indicated that 99m Tc-Hcy complex seemed to be a relatively small oligomer. Although an uncertainty remains on the valency of Tc in 99m Tc-Hcy molecule and the accurate molecular size of this complex, its putative chemical form is described. (author)

  15. Study of different adsorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of 99Mo - 99mTc and 188W-188Re

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain

    2009-01-01

    Amongst some existing radioisotopes, 99m Tc and 188 Re present adequate physical chemical properties for use in Nuclear Medicine in the areas of diagnosis and therapy, respectively. Moreover, these radioisotopes can be distributed to medical centers in the form of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99m Tc and 188 W- 188 Re, allowing autonomy and practicity in use. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molibdenium and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99 mTc and 188 W- 188 Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) were added to the loading solutions previously prepared, with values of pH adjusted between 1 and 7, and these were then percolated through different devices containing in its interior alumina, resin or poly-zirconium compound also known as PZC. The elutions were carried out within an interval of time of approximately 24 hours for the generator systems of 99 Mo - 99 mTc and 48 hours for the generator systems of 188 W- 188 Re due to the difference between the half-lives of radionuclides involved in the reactions. The eluted samples from both generator systems containing 99m Tc or 188 Re were submitted to quality control tests aiming to evaluate the radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, but no significant contamination for 99 Mo, 188 W, technetium or rhenium in the colloidal states and zirconium were detected in the eluted solutions and in the solutions extracted with saline solution for any value of pH studied. The commercial alumina cartridges known as Acid Sep Pak were more efficient in retaining the molybdenum in the loading solutions when compared with the others commercial retention devices employed. However, when this comparison extends to the chromatographic alumina columns, the use of acid alumina as adsorbent is more efficient when compared to the Acid Sep

  16. 99mTc labelled peptide for imaging of peripheral receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mishra, A.K.; Mishra, P.; Chuttani, K.; Sharma, R.K.; Lazar Mathew, T.

    2001-01-01

    Conjugates of somatostatin analogues, RC-160 with different bifunctional chelators to label with 99m Tc, were synthesized. Conjugates with hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) and compounds (benzoyl MAG-3 and CITC-DTPA) were prepared on a small scale with high purity and evaluated as different types of chelators on RC-160. Stability studies performed under physiological conditions showed high stability. Peptide conjugates could be labelled at high specific activities (307inCi/umol) with 99m Tc and different transchelator were used for the HYNIC conjugates. The resulting radiolabelled with ( 99m Tc and 1251) complexes were highly stable and showed binding affinity to somatostatin receptors in the nanomolar range. The radioconjugates were administered to rabbits and mice in order to study their in vivo stability, biokinetics and biodistribution. (author)

  17. Design of a formulation for the preparation of {sup 99m} Tc-(V)-Dmsa and {sup 186} Re-(V)-Dmsa; Diseno de una formulacion para la obtencion de {sup 99m} Tc-(V)-DMSA y {sup 186} Re-(V)-DMSA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Marquez L, M B [Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico. Facultad de Quimica. Toluca (Mexico)

    1998-06-01

    Among the radiopharmaceuticals used for neoplasia, we can find the dimercaptosuccinic acid (Dmsa) labelled with {sup 99m} Tc and {sup 186/188} Re. Initially, the {sup 99m} Tc-(III)-Dmsa was employed as a renal image agent. Nevertheless, when it is prepared into a basic solution, the {sup 99m} Tc-(V)-Dmsa complex is produced in high yield being cumulated by cells with a great metabolic activity. This property makes it a useful radiopharmaceutical for the detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), soft-tissue tumors and other head and neck tumors. On the other hand, the renewed interest in {beta} - emitting radionuclides, suggests that the {sup 186} Re-(V)-Dmsa complex could be used as antineoplastic agent in therapy. However, the techniques reported for the preparation of these compounds lack of stability studies and they are still in process of investigation, compromising to continue on the development of the radiopharmaceuticals by introducing new possibilities for better products already known, obtaining in this way, the approximation to the ideal radiopharmaceutical. The objective of this work is to design a freeze dried kit formulation for the instant preparation of {sup 99m} Tc-(V)-Dmsa and {sup 186} Re-(V)-Dmsa complexes useful in the diagnostic and therapy of soft-tissue tumors and other head and neck tumors. We obtained a freeze dried stable formulation for the preparation of {sup 99m} Tc-(V)-Dmsa kit with a radiochemical purity higher than 90 %, which fulfills with the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we developed analytical techniques for the determination of the different chemical compounds into the lyophilized kit. On the other hand, we obtained the optimum conditions for preparation of {sup 186} Re-(V)-Dmsa complex in high radiochemical yields (>90%). (Author).

  18. Technetium-99 in ''instant'' sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mattsson, S.

    1978-01-01

    The 99 Tc-content in sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate separated from 99 Mo by distillation or extraction has been studied with a plastic scintillation detector. The identification of the measured activity was achieved by beta-spectrometry, chemical separation and half-life studies. The frequency distribution of the sup(99)Tc/sup(99m)Tc-ratios in the different samples was observed to be log-normal. The most likely activity ratio was 0.4x10 -6 , the maximum value being 5x10 -6 . The specific activity of ''instant'' pertechnetate is approximately a factor of 60 lower than that normally recorded in pertechnetate derived from daily eluted column generators. The low specific activity of ''instant'' pertechnetate is primarily explained by the long time between separation and usage and secondly by the low yield of Tc in the distillation and extraction processes. In several of the ''instant'' pertechnetate solutions the carrier concentration exceeded the reductive capacity of the stannous ions in ''kits'' with small amounts of Sn(II) in usable form. (T.G.)

  19. Development of methods of labeling pentavalent DMSA with 99mTc and 188Re

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brambilla, Tania de Paula

    2009-01-01

    Technetium-99 m is the most useful radionuclide in diagnostic imaging procedures in Nuclear Medicine, more than 80 percent of radiopharmaceuticals are 99m Tc-labeled compounds. 99m Tc-DMSA(V) has been used for imaging of soft tissue, head and neck tumors. It shows a particularly high specificity for medullary thyroid carcinoma and bone metastases in a variety of cancers. Biodistribution studies of 188 Re-DMSA(V) have shown that its general pharmacokinetic properties are similar to that of 99m Tc-DMSA(V), so this agent could be used for targeted radiotherapy of these tumors. The aim of this work is the development of methods of labeling DMSA(V) with 99m Tc and 188 Re. 99m Tc-DMSA(V) can be prepared by two methods. One of them is the indirect one, through the use of a commercial kit of DMSA (III), by adjusting the pH from 2.5 to ∼ 8.5 with NaHCO 3 . This method was evaluated and optimized presenting high labeling yields. The other method is the direct one, through the preparation of a lyophilised kit ready for labeling with 99m Tc, being the method of interest of this work, due to the easy of its clinical use. The most adequate formulation of the kit was: 1.71 mg of DMSA, 0.53 mg of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O and 0.83 mg of ascorbic acid (pH 9). Labeling yields higher than 95% were achieved labeling this kit with 1 to 2 m L of 99m Tc with activities up to 4736 MBq (128 mCi). The kit was stable up to 6 months and biodistribution studies confirmed the quality of the DMSA (V) labeled with 99m Tc using this kit. The reduction potential of Re is lower than the one for Tc, so the labeling conditions of 188 Re-DMSA(V) are different from the ones used for 99m Tc- DMSA(V). 188 Re-DMSA(V) is prepared in acid solution, that makes it possible to use the DMSA (III) commercial kit developed for labeling with 99m Tc, prepared in pH 2.5, for labeling with 188 Re. Labeling yields higher than 95% were achieved with this methodology, with a rection time of 30 minutes at 100 deg C using no more

  20. Production optimization of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc zirconium molybate gel generators at semi-automatic device: DISIGEG

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Monroy-Guzman, F., E-mail: fabiola.monroy@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Rivero Gutierrez, T., E-mail: tonatiuh.rivero@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Lopez Malpica, I.Z.; Hernandez Cortes, S.; Rojas Nava, P.; Vazquez Maldonado, J.C. [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Vazquez, A. [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Central Norte Lazaro Cardenas 152, Col. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, 07730, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2012-01-15

    DISIGEG is a synthesis installation of zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gels for {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator production, which has been designed, built and installed at the ININ. The device consists of a synthesis reactor and five systems controlled via keyboard: (1) raw material access, (2) chemical air stirring, (3) gel dried by air and infrared heating, (4) moisture removal and (5) gel extraction. DISIGEG operation is described and dried condition effects of zirconium {sup 99}Mo- molybdate gels on {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator performance were evaluated as well as some physical-chemical properties of these gels. The results reveal that temperature, time and air flow applied during the drying process directly affects zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gel generator performance. All gels prepared have a similar chemical structure probably constituted by three-dimensional network, based on zirconium pentagonal bipyramids and molybdenum octahedral. Basic structural variations cause a change in gel porosity and permeability, favouring or inhibiting {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} diffusion into the matrix. The {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} eluates produced by {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gel generators prepared in DISIGEG, air dried at 80 Degree-Sign C for 5 h and using an air flow of 90 mm, satisfied all the Pharmacopoeias regulations: {sup 99m}Tc yield between 70-75%, {sup 99}Mo breakthrough less than 3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -3}%, radiochemical purities about 97% sterile and pyrogen-free eluates with a pH of 6. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators based on {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gels were synthesized at a semi-automatic device. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Generator performances depend on synthesis conditions of the zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gel. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} diffusion and yield into generator depends on gel porosity and permeability. Black

  1. Preparation, quality control and biological evaluation of 99mTc-labelled cationic steroid antibiotic (CSA-13)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roohi, S.; Amir, N.; Mushtaq, A.; Salahuddin, S.M.; Jehangir, M.; Savage, P.B.

    2009-01-01

    Ceragenins (CSAs) are a new class of antimicrobial agents that display broad spectrum antibacterial activity and may find use in the treatment of various infections. A member of this class CSA-13 was labelled with 99m Tc using SnCl 2 .H 2 O as a reducing agent. The labelling efficiency depended on the ligand/reductant ratio, pH and volume of the reaction mixture. The radiochemical purity and stability of 99m Tc-CSA was determined by thin layer chromatography. Biodistribution studies of 99m Tc-CSA were performed in Sprague Dawley rats. Liver and spleen uptake was quite high. A significantly higher accumulation of 99m Tc-CSA was seen at sites of S. aureus infected rats. The results were compared with 99m Tc-Ciprofloxacin. (orig.)

  2. A comparative study of 99mTc-HL91 and 99mTc-MIBI imaging in experimental tumor and inflammatory models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cao, W.; Zhang, X.Y.; An, R.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: 99m Tc-HL91 is a newly developed hypoxic imaging agent for ischemic myocardium and tumor imaging. 99m Tc-MIBI is one of imaging agent for mammary tumor imaging. The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the diagnostic value of 99m Tc-HL91 in detection of solid tumor in experimental tumor and inflammatory models, via comparative study with 99m Tc-MIBI. Material and Methods: HL91 kits was provided by China Nine Star Co. Three kinds of bearing solid neoplasm mice groups (bearing Ehrlich carcinoma mice, bearing H 22 carcinoma mice and bearing human ovarian COC 1 neoplasm nude mice) and two inflammatory model groups (chemical and bacterial inflammation) underwent static whole body planar images at 1 and 4 hours post injection of 99m Tc-HL91. Two kinds of bearing neoplasm mice groups (bearing Ehrlich carcinoma mice, bearing H 22 carcinoma mice) and two inflammatory model groups (chemical and bacterial inflammation) underwent static planar images post injection of 99m Tc-MIBI, at early phase (10∼20 minutes) and delayed phase (2 hrs). All of mice were sacrificed at 4 hrs. The tumors, or inflammatory lesions, blood and contralateral muscles were removed, weighed and the radioactivity was measured. Regions of interesting (ROIs) were drawn around tumor, inflammatory lesions and contralateral muscles in planar images, and the radioactivity ratios of target (tumor or inflammatory lesions)-to-blood (T/B), target-to-non target (contralateral muscles) i. e. T/NT was calculated. Results: Neoplasm can be clearly visible in planar images at 1hr and 4 hrs post injection of 99m Tc-HL91 in all tumor models. At same time inflammatory lesions cannot be seen clearly. Neoplasm can be seen in delayed phase in 99m Tc-MIBI groups, but not easy to distinguish them from inflammation. Conclusion: Compared with 99m Tc-MIBI imaging, 99m Tc-HL91 has much more diagnostic value in detection of solid neoplasm, and can distinguish neoplasm from inflammation

  3. Development of methods of labeling pentavalent DMSA with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re; Desenvolvimento de metodos para marcacao de DMSA pentavalente com {sup 99m}Tc e {sup 188}Re

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brambilla, Tania de Paula, email: jtoniolo@ipen.br

    2009-07-01

    Technetium-99 m is the most useful radionuclide in diagnostic imaging procedures in Nuclear Medicine, more than 80 percent of radiopharmaceuticals are {sup 99m}Tc-labeled compounds. {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA(V) has been used for imaging of soft tissue, head and neck tumors. It shows a particularly high specificity for medullary thyroid carcinoma and bone metastases in a variety of cancers. Biodistribution studies of {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) have shown that its general pharmacokinetic properties are similar to that of {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA(V), so this agent could be used for targeted radiotherapy of these tumors. The aim of this work is the development of methods of labeling DMSA(V) with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re. {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA(V) can be prepared by two methods. One of them is the indirect one, through the use of a commercial kit of DMSA (III), by adjusting the pH from 2.5 to {approx} 8.5 with NaHCO{sub 3}. This method was evaluated and optimized presenting high labeling yields. The other method is the direct one, through the preparation of a lyophilised kit ready for labeling with {sup 99m}Tc, being the method of interest of this work, due to the easy of its clinical use. The most adequate formulation of the kit was: 1.71 mg of DMSA, 0.53 mg of SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O and 0.83 mg of ascorbic acid (pH 9). Labeling yields higher than 95% were achieved labeling this kit with 1 to 2 m L of {sup 99m}Tc with activities up to 4736 MBq (128 mCi). The kit was stable up to 6 months and biodistribution studies confirmed the quality of the DMSA (V) labeled with {sup 99m}Tc using this kit. The reduction potential of Re is lower than the one for Tc, so the labeling conditions of {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) are different from the ones used for {sup 99m}Tc- DMSA(V). {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) is prepared in acid solution, that makes it possible to use the DMSA (III) commercial kit developed for labeling with {sup 99m}Tc, prepared in pH 2.5, for labeling with {sup 188}Re. Labeling yields higher than 95% were

  4. Pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-technefit in radionuclide investigations of liver and spleen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ovdienko, N.I.; Starovojtova, L.P.; Kodina, G.E.; Malysheva, A.O.; Tul'skaya, T.I.

    1987-01-01

    The authors present the results of an experimental study of pharmacokinetics of a new Soviet drug 99m Tc-technefit for scintigraphy of the liver and spleen. The results of biological distribution of the agent in rat, scintigrams of the liver and spleen in rabbits and dogs have shown a high accumulation of 99m Tc-technefit in the liver (up to 90%). The agent is prepared within one stage from a kit of reagents and 99m Tc-sodium pertechnate obtained using a generator

  5. Assessment of hepatic functional reserve for hepatic resection using 99mTc-PMT scintigraphy in comparison with 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakuma, Atsushi

    2000-01-01

    99m Tc-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin( 99m Tc-GSA) scintigraphy has been reported as a useful study of hepatic functional reserve recently. We have performed 99m Tc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyl-tryptophan( 99m Tc-PMT) and 99m Tc-GSA preoperatively for evaluation of hepatic functional reserve and compared the usefulness of those scintigraphy study. Twenty-four patients who were the candidates of hepatic resection underwent 99m Tc-PMT scintigraphy preoperatively. Hepatic blood flow coefficient (K value), the amount of hepatic blood flow (HBF), and the ratio of portal blood flow (PVR) were computed. 99m Tc-GSA scintigraphy was also performed within two weeks of the 99m Tc-PMT scintigraphy, and the ratio of disappearance (HH 15 ) and the hepatic uptake ratio (LHL 15 ) were computed. The relationship between K value, HBF, PVR, HH 15 and LHL 15 was analyzed. Their correlation with other liver function tests was also examined. K value and HBF did not show statistically significant correlations with HH 15 and LHL 15 , PVR correlated statistically significantly HH 15 and LHL 15 . K value correlated with the preoperative values of cholinesterase, Fischer ratio, γ-globulin, ICGR 15 , albumin, and platelet count. There was a statistically significant correlation between LHL 15 and the value of cholinesterase, γ-globulin, platelet count, and Fischer ratio. When the liver resection of subsegmentectomy or more was indicated in 10 patients, nine patients had LHL 15 value less than 0.9 which delineated possibility of poor prognosis. However, judging from K value and HBF, liver resection was considered feasible and it was all successfully performed, resulting in good prognosis. From this study, it is suspected that 99m Tc-GSA scintigraphy reflect the severity of liver fibrosis and the amount of portal blood flows, and 99m Tc-PMT scintigraphy reflect the hepatic blood flow and ability of protein synthesis. It was proved that 99m Tc-PMT scintigraphy is

  6. A Tc-99m-labeled long chain fatty acid derivative for myocardial imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Magata, Yasuhiro; Kawaguchi, Takayoshi; Ukon, Misa; Yamamura, Norio; Uehara, Tomoya; Ogawa, Kazuma; Arano, Yasushi; Temma, Takashi; Mukai, Takahiro; Tadamura, Eiji; Saji, Hideo

    2004-01-01

    C-11- and I-123-labeled long chain fatty acid derivatives have been reported as useful radiopharmaceuticals for the estimation of myocardial fatty acid metabolism. We have reported that Tc-99m-labeled N-[[[(2-mercaptoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-6-aminohexanoic acid ([(99m)Tc]MAMA-HA), a medium chain fatty acid derivative, is metabolized by beta-oxidation in the liver and that the MAMA ligand is useful for attaching to the omega-position of fatty acid derivatives as a chelating group for Tc-99m. On the basis of these findings, we focused on developing a Tc-99m-labeled long chain fatty acid derivative that reflected fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium. In this study, we synthesized a dodecanoic acid derivative, MAMA-DA, and a hexadecanoic acid derivative, MAMA-HDA, and performed radiolabeling and biodistribution studies. [(99m)Tc]MAMA-DA and [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA were prepared using a ligand-exchange reaction. Biodistribution studies were carried out in normal mice and rats. Then, a high initial uptake of Tc-99m was observed, followed by a rapid clearance from the heart. The maximum heart/blood ratio was 3.6 at 2 min postinjection of [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA. These kinetics were similar to those with postinjection of p-[(125)I]iodophenylpentadecanoic acid. Metabolite analysis showed [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA was metabolized by beta-oxidation in the body. In conclusion, [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA is a promising compound as a long chain fatty acid analogue for estimating beta-oxidation of fatty acid in the heart.

  7. Preparation of the 99mTc-dextran lymphoscin tigraphic agent and its preliminary clinical application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu Weiyue; You Dejian; Ma Yuanming; He Guangren; Zhang Wei; Tu Zhipei; Jin Bixia

    1991-01-01

    Dextran-70 was treated by gradient sedimentation, and that with a mean molecular weight of 105000 which was optimal for lymphatic system imaging rabbits was selected. Sn-Dextran kit was produced containing the above-mentioned dextran. Sn-Dextran kits can be stored at 4 deg C for 8 months. Its efficiency of labelling is more than 95%. The biodistribution, pharmacokinetics studies and lymphoscintigraphy in rabbits for 99m Tc-dextran showed: (1) high radioactivity in the popliteal nodes and very low redioactivity in other nontarget organs except kidneys through which it was excreted; (2) 99m Tc-dextran accumulated markedly and rapidly in lymphatic system. The lymph channels and nodes were well visualized in scintigrams; (3) 99m Tc-dextran cleared rapidly from the injection site. Radioactivity of 95% of the injected dose disappearing after 6.5h. Toxicity tests indicated that: 99m Tc-dextran is a drug of low toxicity and safe. Preliminary clinical applications of 99m Tc-dextran in 100 cases provided satisfactory results. The process of imaging usually took less than 1h after injection, and no side-effects occurred in any patient. In most cases, the results corresponded basically with the clinical diagnosis. Hence, 99m Tc-dextran is an ideal radiopharmaceutical that can be used for the visualization of the lymphatic system. It is recomminded for routine use in clincal practice

  8. Tc-99m DTPA and Tc-99m DMSA renal scan findings in patients with congenital megacalyces and megaureter without urinary tract obstruction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahn, Byeong Cheol; Bae, Jin Ho; Jeong, Sin Young; Lee, Jae Tae; Lee, Kyu Bo

    2003-01-01

    A 10 days old male infant with congenital megacalyces and megaureter, diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonographic screening, underwent Tc-99m DTPA renal scan for evaluation of urinary tract patency, Tc-99m DMSA scan for evaluation of renal cortical damage. He also underwent intravenous urography(IVU) and renal ultrasonography. Tc-99m DTPA renal scan demonstrates intense tracer accumulation in enlarged both renal pelvocalyses and ureters, which rapidly washout diuretics administration. Tc-99m DMSA renal cortical scan shows no remarkable photon defect in both renal cortices and visible tracer uptake in both megaureter areas. Ultasonographic and IVU studies show enlarged both renal calyses and bullously dilated ureters, but no dilatation in renal pelvis. Follow up Tc-99m DTPA renal scan, performed at one year later, also reveals intense tracer accumulation in enlarged both urinary tracts which rapidly washout without diuretics, and shows no significant change compare to the previous Tc-99m DTPA renal scan. Urinary tract obstruction and renal cortical damage can be easily evaluated with Tc-99m DTPA and Tc-99m DMSA scans in patients with megacalyces and megaureter

  9. Tc-99m DTPA and Tc-99m DMSA renal scan findings in patients with congenital megacalyces and megaureter without urinary tract obstruction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ahn, Byeong Cheol; Bae, Jin Ho; Jeong, Sin Young; Lee, Jae Tae; Lee, Kyu Bo [Kyungpook National University Medical School, Daegu (Korea, Republic of)

    2003-06-01

    A 10 days old male infant with congenital megacalyces and megaureter, diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonographic screening, underwent Tc-99m DTPA renal scan for evaluation of urinary tract patency, Tc-99m DMSA scan for evaluation of renal cortical damage. He also underwent intravenous urography(IVU) and renal ultrasonography. Tc-99m DTPA renal scan demonstrates intense tracer accumulation in enlarged both renal pelvocalyses and ureters, which rapidly washout diuretics administration. Tc-99m DMSA renal cortical scan shows no remarkable photon defect in both renal cortices and visible tracer uptake in both megaureter areas. Ultasonographic and IVU studies show enlarged both renal calyses and bullously dilated ureters, but no dilatation in renal pelvis. Follow up Tc-99m DTPA renal scan, performed at one year later, also reveals intense tracer accumulation in enlarged both urinary tracts which rapidly washout without diuretics, and shows no significant change compare to the previous Tc-99m DTPA renal scan. Urinary tract obstruction and renal cortical damage can be easily evaluated with Tc-99m DTPA and Tc-99m DMSA scans in patients with megacalyces and megaureter.

  10. A system for routine production of 99mTc by thermal separation technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sahm, U.; Helus, F.; Krauss, O.; Baier-Borst, W.

    1976-01-01

    Technetium-99m is one of the most widely used radionuclides in diagnostic medicine, and it is a general opinion that 99m Tc and the radiopharmaceuticals obtained from it will be used for a long time. 99m Tc has convenient physical and biological parameters for clinical applications. 99m Tc is formed by the beta decay from its 99 Mo parent. 99 Mo is produced by neutron irradiation of natural Mo or enriched 98 Mo, or as a fission product of 235 U. A third approach is cyclotron production of 99 Mo by proton bombardment of enriched 100 Mo over 100 Mo(p,pn) 99 Mo reaction. The most common method of separating 99m Tc from its 99 Mo parent is the elution of 99m Tc with normal saline from an aluminum oxide column containing adsorbed 99 Mo. The second method is solvent extraction using methylethylketon. The sublimation method is based on different volatility of MoO 3 and Tc 2 O 7 . Previously the development of a practical sublimation generator has been studied and some of them have been used routinely. As a reactor and cyclotron owner we have examined the possibility of producing our own 99m Tc with the aim of being independent from supplier and transportation problems. We have studied the separation of 99m Tc with the aim of being independent from supplier and transportation problems. We have studied the separation of 99m Tc from MoO 3 by complete distillation of gram amounts of natural MoO 3 or enriched 98 MoO 3 irradiated in reactor. The principle of the described method is based on the complete evaporation of MoO 3 and Tc 2 O 7 oxides and its following fractionated condensation. To realize this idea, two different generator systems for repeated multiple separation were developed and studied. The first based on using a two-oven technique. A quartz apparatus is placed in two ovens which are situated side by side and heated to different temperatures. Sweeping gas carries irradiated 99 MoO 3 from a middle part of the first oven heated to a higher temperature (1100 deg. C

  11. Method for in vitro labelling of erythrocytes with 99mTc-pertechnetate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kostadinova, I.D.; Hadzhikostova, H.K.; Shejretova, E.T.; Garcheva-Tsacheva, M.B.

    1987-01-01

    The method is easy to apply and gives a possibility to lead the radiopharmaceutical directly to erythrocytes. It includes: blocking of the structures accumulating 99m Tc-pertechnetate by potassium perchlorite; attenuation of the erythrocytes by an intervenous injection of tin pyrophosphate; preparation of the necessary blood quantity with acidum citricum dextrose mixing with 99m Tc-pertechnetate and reinjection. 1 cl

  12. {sup 99m}Tc-Novobiocin: a novel radiotracer for infection imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shah, S.Q. [Univ. of Peshawar, Nuclear Medicine Research Lab. (NMRL), Peshawar (Pakistan); Khan, M.R. [Univ. of Peshawar, Phyotopharmaceutical and Neutraceuticals Research Lab. (PNRL), Peshawar (Pakistan); Khan, A.U. [Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad (Pakistan)

    2011-07-01

    The radiosynthesis of {sup 99m}Tc-Novobiocin ({sup 99m}Tc-NBN) complex and its suitability as a radiotracer for infection imaging was assessed. The radiochemical purity (RCP) of the {sup 99m}Tc-NBN complex was determined using radio-TLC and radioactive HPLC and biodistribution was studied in artificially infected (A.I.) rats and rabbit, using single well gamma counter (SWGRC) interface with scalar count rate meter (SCRM) and Gamma Camera ({gamma}-CM). The maximum RCP observed for the preparation having 2 mg of NBN, 111 MBq of sodium pertechnetate (Na{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}) and 125 {mu}L of SnF{sub 2} (1 {mu}g/{mu}L in 0.01 N HCl) at a pH 5.6 was 98.97{+-}0.40% and remained stable >90% up to 120 min. The activity of the {sup 99m}Tc-NBN in the infected muscle (TI) was significantly increased from 6.50{+-}0.15 to 19.00{+-}0.17% and decreased in the inflamed muscle (TII), normal muscle (NT), blood, liver, spleen, stomach and intestine within 120 min. The TI/NT and TII/NT ratios were 7.60{+-}1.08 and 1.60{+-}1.14. The Whole Body Static (WBS) images of A.I. rabbit were obtained at 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after the I.V. administration of 111 MBq of {sup 99m}Tc-NBN to the A.I. rabbit. The stability in saline and serum, higher TI/NT, lower TII/NT ratios and WBS images confirmed the feasibility of the {sup 99m}Tc-NBN complex as an infection imaging agent. (orig.)

  13. Procedure for the production of PZC based chromatographic Tc-99m generator to be available for clinical application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Van So; Pham Ngoc Dien; Truong Hong Nghia; Nguyen Thi Thu; Nguyen Cong Duc; Vo Thi Cam Hoa; Bui Van Cuong

    2004-01-01

    The chemical synthesis for the preparation of polymer compound of Zirconium (PZC) and the column pre-loading procedure for the preparation of PZC based chromatographic Tc-99m generators were described in detail. In-process documentation, flow-chart of process, specific Tc-99m generator designs and picturially illustrative description of Tc-99 generator production process were systematically reported. The column pre-loading procedure was highly evaluated as a competent technology for the preparation of PZC based Tc-99m chromatographic generator of high performance using (n,γ) 99 Mo of low specific radioactivity produced on low power research reactors. (author)

  14. Preparation, chromatographic evaluation and biodistribution of "9"9"mTc-procainamide as a radiopharmaceutical for heart imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Motaleb, M.A.; Ibrahim, I.T.; Abo Rizq, R.S.; Elzanfaly, E.S.

    2017-01-01

    Procainamide (4-amino-N-[2-(diethylamino) ethyl] benzamide) is a sodium channel blocker, which acts as an effective antiarrhythmic agent used in the treatment of a variety of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to prepare "9"9"mTc-procainamide complex, apply different chromatographic techniques for the assay of radiolabeling yield and study its biodistribution as a novel radiopharmaceutical for heart imaging. "9"9"mTc-procainamide was obtained with a maximum labeling yield of 95.76±0.20% via direct labeling method under optimum conditions of 200 μg of procainamide, 300 μL of buffer (carbonate) at pH 11, 30 μg SnCl_2 . 2H_2O at room temperature (25 C) for 15 min. In terms of in vitro stability, the complex was stable for 3 h. Chromatographic evaluation using paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gel chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography showed reliable results for measuring the radiochemical yield. Biodistribution study of "9"9"mTc-procainamide showed ratios of heart/lung and heart/liver (6.38±1.50, 2.06±0.31, respectively at 30 min post injection) which was comparable to that of "9"9"mTc-sestamibi (7.4±2.00, 0.97±0.10, respectively at 60 min, P<0.05).

  15. Preparation, chromatographic evaluation and biodistribution of {sup 99m}Tc-procainamide as a radiopharmaceutical for heart imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Motaleb, M.A.; Ibrahim, I.T.; Abo Rizq, R.S. [Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt). Labeled Compound Dept.; Elzanfaly, E.S. [Cairo Univ. (Egypt). Analytical Dept.

    2017-06-01

    Procainamide (4-amino-N-[2-(diethylamino) ethyl] benzamide) is a sodium channel blocker, which acts as an effective antiarrhythmic agent used in the treatment of a variety of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to prepare {sup 99m}Tc-procainamide complex, apply different chromatographic techniques for the assay of radiolabeling yield and study its biodistribution as a novel radiopharmaceutical for heart imaging. {sup 99m}Tc-procainamide was obtained with a maximum labeling yield of 95.76±0.20% via direct labeling method under optimum conditions of 200 μg of procainamide, 300 μL of buffer (carbonate) at pH 11, 30 μg SnCl{sub 2} . 2H{sub 2}O at room temperature (25 C) for 15 min. In terms of in vitro stability, the complex was stable for 3 h. Chromatographic evaluation using paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gel chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography showed reliable results for measuring the radiochemical yield. Biodistribution study of {sup 99m}Tc-procainamide showed ratios of heart/lung and heart/liver (6.38±1.50, 2.06±0.31, respectively at 30 min post injection) which was comparable to that of {sup 99m}Tc-sestamibi (7.4±2.00, 0.97±0.10, respectively at 60 min, P<0.05).

  16. 99Mo-99mTc generator - study of their performance and quality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Acar, M.E.D.

    1987-01-01

    In this work the performance of the 99 Mo - 99m Tc generators produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP as well as the quality of the eluted solutions were analysed. The following parameters were studied: elution efficiency, chemical radiochemical, radionuclidic and microbiological purities and pH of the eluates. The 99m Tc yield ranged from 84,7 to 98,5%. The radioactivity due to the pertechnetate ion in the studied solutions was higher than 97,5%. The aluminium content in eluates, determined by spectrophotometry, was lower than 2,5 μg/ml and the pH of the solutions between 4,5 and 5,1. Radioactive impurities of the order of 10 -3 KBq 99 Mc/MBq 99m Tc and 10 -5 KBq 131 I/MBq 99m Tc were found in the eluates at the time of elution. Other γ emitting radioactive impurities were order of 10 -3 KBq/MBq 99m Tc. The eluates were sterile and pyrogen-free. From the results obtained in this work one can state that the IPEN-TEC generator is a reliable source of good quality 99m Tc-pertechnetate. (author) [pt

  17. Radiolabeling, quality control and radiochemical purity assessment of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Melero, Laura T.U.H.; Araujo, Elaine B.; Mengatti, Jair

    2009-01-01

    Somatostatine receptors are widely expressed by several tumors, especially of the neuroendocrine origin. In vivo images of these tumors using radiolabeled somatostatine analogues became a useful clinical tool in oncology. The aim of this work was the radiolabeling of the somatostatine analogue HYNIC-TOC with 99mTc as well as the evaluation of the radiochemical stability and quality control of labeled complex. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was produced by labeling conditions using 20 μg of peptide, 20 mg of tricine and 10 mg of EDDA as coligands, 1110 MBq of 99mTc (99Mo-99mTc IPEN-TEC generator) and 15 μg of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O. The reaction proceeds for 10 minutes at boiling water bath. Radiochemical purity of labeled preparation was evaluated by different chromatographic systems: ITLC-SG in methanol:ammonium acetate (1:1); TLC-SG in sodium citrate buffer 0.1 N pH 5.0 and methylethylketone, and HPLC employing column C-18, 5 μm, 4.6 mm x 250 mm, UV (220 nm), radioactivity detectors, 1 mL/minute flow of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid solution 0.1 %. Labeled compound has been found radiochemically stable for 5 hours and radiochemical purity was higher than 90 %. The thin layer chromatographic systems enabled the separation of radiochemical species presented in the labeled mixture as well as HPLC system. The labeling procedure studied resulted in high radiochemical yield and easy preparation. Future works include the preparation of a lyophilized reagent to make feasible the preparation of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC at nuclear medicine services in order to study the clinical potential of the radiopharmaceutical in diagnostic and staging of neuroendocrine tumors. (author)

  18. A new efficient method for the preparation of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals containing the Tc≡N multiple bond

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pasqualini, R.; Comazzi, V.; Bellande, E.; Duatti, A.; Marchi, A.

    1992-01-01

    An improved method for the preparation of 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals containing the Tc≡N multiple bond, in sterile and apyrogen conditions, is described. This method is based on the reaction of [ 99m Tc] pertechnetate with ligands derived from S-methyl dithiocarbazate [H 2 N-N(R)-C(=S)SCH 3 (R = H, CH 3 )] in the presence of HC1 and tertiary phosphines. It was found that these derivatives can behave both as sources of nitride nitrogen ions (N 3- ) and as coordinating ligands. The reaction leads to the formation of intermediate technetium-nitrido complexes in high yield. These intermediate species can be used as suitable prereduced substrates for the preparation of technetium-nitrido radiopharmaceuticals through simple substitution reactions with appropriate exchanging ligands. (Author)

  19. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and function test with sup(99m)Tc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan (sup(99m)Tc-PMT)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sugimura, Kazuro; Nishiyama, Shoji; Narabayashi, Isamu

    1985-01-01

    The authors studied the effectiveness of sup(99m)Tc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan (sup(99m)Tc-PMT) for dynamic imaging and function on 40 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases and on healthy individuals. In healthy subjects, sup(99m)Tc-PMT is rapidly removed from the blood by the parenchymal cells of the liver and is excreted through the biliary system. The imaging of the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder and intestines with sup(99m)Tc-PMT was satisfactory. There was no renal visualization. In the case of serial images of healthy individuals, the gallbladder, intrahepatic bile duct and small intestine were visualized after 18.8 +- 7.2, 8.8 +- 1.4, and 16.7 +- 6.3 min, respectively; the mean peak time on the hepatogram was 8.0 +- 5.3 min. The bile ducts of patients with liver disorders were visualized later than those of healthy individuals. Particularly in the case of severe liver parenchymal diseases, the appearance time for the bile duct was significantly delayed. However, the delays in appearance time did not correlate well with low scores on the liver function test. At 70 min after the intravenous administration of sup(99m)Tc-PMT, 2.5 +- 1.5 % of the injected dose was excreted into the urine of the healthy individuals. The urinary excretion of sup(99m)Tc-PMT by the patients with hepatobiliary diseases showed no increase, and it was not entirely related to the results of the serum function tests. However, a larger amount of sup(99m)Tc-PMT was retained in the blood of the patients with hepatobiliary diseases. The blood retention values at 20 min after injection into those with liver cirrhosis and hepatoma were significantly delayed. (author)

  20. Revision: quality control of 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alves, S.M.; Kabad, M.C.; Teixeira, G.J.; Sousa, C H.S.

    2015-01-01

    The radiopharmaceutical most commonly used in nuclear medicine is technetium-99m. Radiopharmaceuticals labeled with 99m Tc are the main agents for diagnosis, being used in the vast majority of procedures due to radionuclide characteristics. During its preparation impurities can be generated that make products with different qualities of the desired. In this paper were presented some of the factors that can interfere with radiopharmaceuticals and the tests used for quality assurance, certifying that the product is fit for purpose. It is up to nuclear medicine centers deploy a program to raise the quality of exams and increase patient safety. (author)

  1. Tc-99m Ciprofloxacin SPECT of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Min Kyung; Hwang, Kyung Hoon [Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Min Ki [Good Samaritan Hospital, Pohang (Korea, Republic of); Choe, Won Sick [Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-06-15

    Tc-99m ciprofloxacin is available for imaging infection. However, there has been no study on employing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with using Tc-99m ciprofloxacin to image active pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the efficacy of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT for imaging active pulmonary tuberculosis. Twenty-one participants were enrolled in this prospective study. They were divided into two groups according to the clinical and radiological assessment. Group one (Gr. 1) consisted of five normal volunteers and six patients with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. Group two (Gr. 2) consisted of ten patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. SPECT was performed 3 h after injecting 555 MBq (15 mCi) of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin. The findings of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT were interpreted by a nuclear medicine specialist and then the results were analyzed according to the patients' clinical and radiological classifications. The results of Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT were as follows: eight true-positive cases, ten true-negative cases, one false-positive case and two false-negative cases. The sensitivity and specificity was 80.0% and 90.0%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 88.9% and the negative predictive value was 83.3%. Conclusions Tc-99m ciprofloxacin SPECT is feasible for imaging active pulmonary tuberculosis. It is a useful nuclear-imaging method for discriminating between the active and inactive tuberculosis states in patients with a past medical history of pulmonary tuberculosis.

  2. Achalasia diagnosed by 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mikosch, P.; Gallowitsch, H.J.; Kresnik, E.; Lind, P.

    1997-01-01

    A 73-year-old patient presented a 99m Tc scintiscan with a focal tracer accumulation left and caudal of the thyroid gland. Further investigations with sonography, CT, esophagoscopy and barium swallow provided the diagnosis of achalasia as the reason for focal 99m Tc retention caudal of the thyroid gland. Explanation for 99m Tc accumulation within the esophagus may be the nonspecific accumulation of 99m Tc not only in the thyroid gland but also in the salivary glands. Excretion of the tracer follows with the saliva. Structural and motor disorders of the esophagus can thus lead to focal tracer retention within the esophagus simulating thyroid tissue. (orig.) [de

  3. Detection of sites of infection in mice using {sup 99m}Tc-labeled PN{sub 2}S-PEG conjugated to UBI and {sup 99m}Tc-UBI: a comparative biodistribution study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Melendez-Alafort, Laura [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova (Italy)], E-mail: lmalafort@yahoo.com; Nadali, Anna; Pasut, Gianfranco; Zangoni, Elena [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova (Italy); De Caro, Raffaele [Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova (Italy); Cariolato, Luca [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova (Italy); Giron, Maria Cecilia [Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova (Italy); Castagliuolo, Ignazio [Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, 35131 Padova (Italy); Veronese, Francesco M.; Mazzi, Ulderico [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova (Italy)

    2009-01-15

    The antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin (UBI) directly labeled with technetium-99m ({sup 99m}Tc) has recently been shown to be specifically taken up at sites of infection; however, its chemical structure is not well defined. To address this problem, the aim of the present study was to label UBI using poly(ethyleneglycol)-N-(N-(3-diphenylphosphinopropionyl)glycyl) -S-tritylcysteine ligand (PEG-PN{sub 2}S) in order to compare its ability to detect infection sites with that of {sup 99m}Tc-UBI. Methods: The PN{sub 2}S-PEG-UBI conjugate was prepared and labeled with {sup 99m}Tc, and its radiochemical purity was subsequently assessed. The stability of the conjugate to cysteine challenge and dilution with both saline solution and phosphate buffer was determined and serum stability and protein binding were also assessed. In vivo studies were carried out in healthy mice to study the biodistribution of {sup 99m}Tc-PN{sub 2}S-PEG-UBI and its precursor {sup 99m}Tc-PN{sub 2}S-PEG and in infected mice to compare the uptakes of {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and {sup 99m}Tc-PN{sub 2}S-PEG-UBI at the site of infection using scintigraphic imaging and ex vivo tissue counting. Results: {sup 99m}Tc-PN{sub 2}S-PEG-UBI was obtained with high radiochemical purity (98{+-}1%) and high stability. The amphiphilic nature of the conjugate leads to a tendency to form micellar aggregates that explain the high protein binding values obtained. Biodistribution studies in mice showed low renal clearance followed by a predominant reticuloendothelial system clearance that limits its application in the abdominal area. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and {sup 99m}Tc-PN{sub 2}S-PEG-UBI uptake in infected mouse thigh, and the site of infection was clearly visualized using scintigraphic imaging. Conclusions: {sup 99m}Tc-PN{sub 2}S-PEG-UBI proved to be as effective as {sup 99m}Tc-UBI in detecting sites of infection; however, the well-defined chemical structure of {sup 99m}Tc

  4. Chemistry of /sup 99m/Tc labeling kits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Srivastava, S.C.; Meinken, G.; Richards, P.

    1976-01-01

    Problems have been reported with the use of kit-produced /sup 99m/Tc radiopharmaceuticals. This study was undertaken to understand the chemistry involved in various stannous kit systems. The relation between Tc, tin, and the ligands used to complex the reduced Tc was investigated. It is concluded that for reliable performance, stannous kits should be prepared so that most of the tin is kept in the usable (reducing) form; a solution would be to use minimum tin and a large excess of complexing agent. Oxidation of the Tc complex to free pertechnetate is not a major problem in most kit systems. 5 figures

  5. Quality control and testing of 99 sup (m) Tc-macroaggregated albumin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Darte, L.; Persson, B.R.R.

    1975-06-01

    33 sup(m)Tc-labelled macroaggregated albumin particles prepared from a commercial 'kit' have been tested in detail. With the introduction of the method of gel chromatography column scanning it became possible to make fast and simple quantitative measurements of the radiochemical purity. This was found to be the only reliable method for quantitative determination of non-aggregated sup(99m)Tc-labelled albumin. The measuring results of the kit in question have shown a labelling efficiency of about 97-99 %. In addition to a few percent of sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate less than 0.5 % of disturbing radioactivity was found. The labelling was stable for at least 5-6 h. About 80 % of the particles are in the size-range of 10-80 μm. A rough estimation of the number of particles in the solution resulted in 0.5 x 10 6 per mg of MAA. The dynamic studies of the lung uptake and the elimination of sup(99m)Tc-MAA in man resulted in a biological half-time in the lungs of about 1-2 h. The radiation absorbed dose to the lungs per mCi administrered sup(99m)Tc-MAA was estimated to 0.1 rad. Less than 1 % of the radioactivity was accumulated in liver, spleen or kidneys during the first 25 minutes after injection. (author)

  6. [99mTc]/[123I] Simultaneous dual-isotope brain striatum phantom SPECT study: preparing for simultaneous [99mTc]TRODAT-1/[123I]-IBZM pre- and post-synaptic dopamine imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kao, PF; Hsu, HT; Tzen, KY; Wey, SP

    2004-01-01

    Introduction: The brain dopamine transporters (DAT) and dopamine D2 receptors are implicated in all kinds of movement disorders. Both sites are also targets for drug treatment, Therefore, brain dopamine system is important in both basic and clinical neurological researches. Kung HF et al. developed [ 99m Tc]TRODAT-l for DAT and [ 123 I]IBZM for D2 receptor SPECT imaging in living human brain. In this work, the possibility of doing [ 99m Tc]TRODAT-1/[ 123 I]IBZM simultaneous dual-isotope SPECT for both DAT/D2 receptor imaging was studied. The SPECT acquisition protocol, the percent of 99m Tc/ 123 I energy cross contamination, and the reproducibility of striatal /background ratios were studied with a striatal phantom to confirm the accuracy of 99m Tc/ 123 I dual-isotope simultaneous SPECT technique. Materials and Methods: In each set of experiment, the 4 striatum (target) chambers and the rest of the brain (background) were filled with solutions containing 99m Tc only, 123 I only, and both isotopes. Several sets of experiment with different target/background ratios were tested. For SPECT image acquisition, a triple-head gamma camera equipp with high resolution fan-beam collimators (Siemens Multi-SPECT3). Energy window settings of a 15% centered window at 140KeV for 99m Tc and a 10% asymmetric window with a lower bound at 159KeV for 123 I were used. After filtered backprojection and Chang's attenuation correction, regions of interest were defined at the bilateral basal ganglia and occipital areas. The reproducibility of counting activity and the different target/background ratios from each isotope were observed. Results: The results of the study revealed that the energy crossed contaminations from I-123 into Tc- 99m and vice verse were 22±12.4 % and 0.4±1.0 %, respectively. The correlation of striatum/background ratios between single isotope and simultaneous was excellent (R2 = 0.99). The success of this simultaneous dual-isotope SPECT technique is suggestive of the

  7. Clinical efficacy of 99mTc-tetrofosmin myocardial scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adachi, Itaru; Sugioka, Yasushi; Tanaka, Yasunori

    1993-01-01

    99m Tc-tetrofosmin is a lipophilic, cationic diphosphine which has been developed for myocardial imaging. We examined 9 patients with ischemic heart disease including 3 angina pectoris (AP), 4 old myocardial infarction (OMI), 1 AP with OMI and 1 syndrome X. One patient was examined before and after operation. Three hundred seventy MBq of 99m Tc-tetrofosmin was injected during exercise and 740 MBq at rest. And 74 MBq of 201 Tl myocardial exercise and redistribution scintigraphy was also performed to compare with 99m Tc-tetrofosmin myocardial scintigraphy. SPECT, multiple gated SPECT and anterior planar images were obtained in all cases. We calculated percent wall thickening (%WT) using multiple gated SPECT images. There was a decreased lung uptake in 99m Tc-tetrofosmin planar images compared to 201 Tl myocardial scintigraphy. Liver and Biliary system uptake in 99m Tc-tetrofosmin images was decreased with intake of milk. Segmental comparison of SPECT images showed an agreement in 9/10 of the segment between 201 Tl and 99m Tc-tetrofosmin. We could obtain excellent quality of multiple gated SPECT images in all patients. We could calculate percent wall thickening (%WT) in all patients. We conclude that 99m Tc-tetrofosmin myocardial scintigraphy should provide usefulness for detection of ischemic myocardium as same as 201 Tl myocardial scintigraphy, although the biologic characteristics of two agents were different. These data and excellent quality of multiple gated SPECT images suggest that 99m Tc-tetrofosmin is a new 99m Tc agent for evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease. (author)

  8. Lymphoscintigraphy in melanoma patients using Tc-99m dextran

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marciano, D.; Padgett, H.; Henze, E.; Carlson, C.; Bennett, L.R.

    1984-01-01

    Surgical removal of regional lymph nodes draining the site of a melanoma is a generally practiced procedure. It is often difficult in many cases of truncal melanomas near the midline or near the waistline to determine which group or groups of nodes to remove. Colloidal Au-198, Tc-99m sulfur colloid, and Tc-99m antimony sulfur colloid have all been used and have given useful clinical information. Objections, however, have been raised to the local radiation dose with these compounds. To reduce this problem while obtaining greater information on lymph flow, the authors have studied dextran, a macromolecule commonly used as plasma substitute. Dextran (average mol. wt. 72,000) labeled with Tc-99m has been used to study lymph drainage from the site of truncal melanoma in 29 patients. Serial images in the first hour following intradermal injection clearly demonstrate tracer in efferent lymphatics within 5 to 10 minutes, and brief pooling in the regional lymph nodes between 20 and 60 minutes. When compared with particulate tracers such as micro Tc-99m sulfur colloid, the Tc-99m dextran appears to move much faster through the lymphatics. Overall distribution of the Tc-99m dextran to lymph nodes is very similar to previous findings with micro Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Dextran drainage to more than one group of regional nodes was seen in 12/29 patients as compared with 17/50 patients using micro Tc-99m sulfur colloid. The superior images with Tc-99m dextran appear to make it the agent of choice

  9. Role of scintigammagraphy with 99mTc-Gluthatione and 99mTc-MIBI in the evaluation and staging of lymphoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pena Quian, Yamile; Perera Pintado, Alejandro; Coca Perez, Marco A.; Batista Cuellar, Juan F.; Prats Capote, Anais; Sanchez Mendoza, Elvia; Sosa, Adriana; Mesa Cuervo, Jose R.; Hernandez Ramirez, Porfirio

    2004-01-01

    Full text: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of scintigammagraphy using 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-Gluthatione for the evaluation and staging of patients with lymphomas. We studied thirty patients (age range 16-66 years) of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). A control group (CG) of 8 patients with negative histological results was also studied. The patients were divided in three groups; HD group: thirteen patients (7 males and 6 females); NHL: seventeen patients (10 males and 7 females); CG: eight patients (2 males and 6 females). Scintigammagraphy studies were performed 20 min and 2 h after intravenous administration of 925-1110 MBq of 99mTc-MIBI or 99mTc-Gluthatione (GSH) using a gamma camera (Sophy DS-7, Sopha Medical System, France) equipped with low energy all purpose parallel hole collimator. Anterior and posterior images of thorax, abdomen and pelvis in 128x128 pixels matrix each for 1 million counts per view were acquired. A 20% window centered on the 140 keV was used for all acquisitions. All images were processed and analysed on a workstation (Power Vision, SMV, Canada) and interpreted by three qualified and experienced nuclear medicine specialist. The final diagnosis was reached by consensus. The images with a focal abnormal intense uptake were considered positive. Images showing diffuse bilateral and symmetrical uptake, bilateral lung uptake and intestinal uptake were considered negative. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of results for both radiopharmaceuticals were calculated using the histological findings, x-ray, ultrasound and CT scanning as confirmation criterion as gold standard. The nodular sclerosis was the most frequent type in HD group. In this group twelve patients were positive with 99mTc-MIBI scintigammagraphy while one was negative (nodular sclerosis, grade II). Scintigammagraphy with 99mTc-GSH was positive in all patients in HD group. However, scintigammagraphy with both radiopharmaceuticals

  10. Evaluation of the influence of pH in the efficiency of the {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc at basis of zirconium molybdate; Evaluacion de la influencia de pH en la eficiencia del generador {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc a base de molibdato de zirconio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Diaz A, L V

    2003-07-01

    of these generators. The obtained results show that to p H average (3.8 and 4.5), the obtained efficiencies they are the biggest (- 80%). To high concentrations of the zirconil used in the synthesis of those gels (0.5 M), the efficiencies are low and with contained first floor of {sup 99} Mo in the eluates; while that, to low concentrations of ZrOCl{sub 2} * 8H{sub 2}0 (0.045M), the efficiencies increase, but also the quantity of {sup 99} Mo present in the eluates. At the using solutions of ZrOCl{sub 2} * 8H{sub 2}O prepared one day before the synthesis of the gel, bigger efficiency is obtained. The suitable p H of this solution this in the interval of 0.7 at 1.5. The relation Zr:Mo but convenient for to synthesize the gel is 1:1, because to this relation Zr:Mo the efficiency of the generator is bigger than the 80 %. Therefore, the choice of each one of the parameters studied in this work, it should be then a commitment among: high efficiency of the generator {sup 99} Mo- {sup 99m}Tc and contained first floor of {sup 99} Mo in the eluates. (Author)

  11. Biokinetics and dosimetry in patients of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide prepared from lyophilized kits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gonzalez-Vazquez, Armando; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Arteaga de Murphy, Consuelo; Gutierrez-Garcia, Zohar

    2006-01-01

    99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr 3 -octreotide ( 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC) has shown high in vitro and in vivo stability, rapid background clearance and rapid detection of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a biokinetic model for 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC prepared from lyophilized kits, and to evaluate its dosimetry as a tumor imaging agent in patients with histologically confirmed neuroendocrine tumors. Whole-body images from eight patients were acquired at 5, 60, 90, 180 min and 24 h after 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC administration obtained from instant freeze-dried kit formulations with radiochemical purities >95%. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around source organs on each time frame. The same set of ROIs was used for all eight scans and the count per minute (cpm) of each ROI was converted to activity using the conjugate view counting method. The image sequence was used to extrapolate 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC time-activity curves in each organ, to adjust a biokinetic model using the SAAM software, and to calculate the total number of disintegrations (N) that occurred in the source regions. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM code to calculate internal radiation dose estimates. Images showed an average tumor/blood (heart) ratio of 4.3±0.7 in receptor-positive tumors at 1 h. The mean radiation absorbed dose calculated for a study using 740 MBq was 24, 21.5, 5.5 and 1.0 mSv for spleen, kidneys, liver and bone marrow respectively and the effective dose was 4.4 mSv

  12. Biokinetics and dosimetry in patients of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide prepared from lyophilized kits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    González-Vázquez, Armando; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Arteaga de Murphy, Consuelo; Gutiérrez-García, Zohar

    2006-07-01

    99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) has shown high in vitro and in vivo stability, rapid background clearance and rapid detection of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a biokinetic model for 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC prepared from lyophilized kits, and to evaluate its dosimetry as a tumor imaging agent in patients with histologically confirmed neuroendocrine tumors. Whole-body images from eight patients were acquired at 5, 60, 90, 180 min and 24 h after 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC administration obtained from instant freeze-dried kit formulations with radiochemical purities >95%. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around source organs on each time frame. The same set of ROIs was used for all eight scans and the count per minute (cpm) of each ROI was converted to activity using the conjugate view counting method. The image sequence was used to extrapolate 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC time-activity curves in each organ, to adjust a biokinetic model using the SAAM software, and to calculate the total number of disintegrations (N) that occurred in the source regions. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM code to calculate internal radiation dose estimates. Images showed an average tumor/blood (heart) ratio of 4.3+/-0.7 in receptor-positive tumors at 1 h. The mean radiation absorbed dose calculated for a study using 740 MBq was 24, 21.5, 5.5 and 1.0 mSv for spleen, kidneys, liver and bone marrow respectively and the effective dose was 4.4 mSv.

  13. Analysis of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals by high-performance liquid chromatography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Muto, Toshio

    1990-01-01

    High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equiped with on line radiometric and optical detectors (i.e. radio-HPLC) have been applied to the radiochemical analysis of commonly-used 99m Tc-radio pharma ceuticals with a view point to check the radiochemical purities of the compounds. Chromatographic conditions were determined by examination of the types of column, mobile phase and pH. An aqueous size-exclusion (Shim-pack Diol-300) and reversed-phase column (Zorbax-ODS) were found to be suitable for 99m Tc-HSA and the other 99m Tc-agents, respectively. The analysis of low molecular weight 99m Tc-agents (e.g. 99m Tc-DTPA, 99m Tc-DMSA, 99m Tc-pyrophosphate, 99m Tc-phytic acid, 99m Tc-MDS, 99m Tc-HMDP) were done by reversed-phaseion pairing chromatography using a optimized mobile phase consisted on a mixture of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 2 mM TBA (tetra nbutyl) ammonium hydroxide) in 30 % methanol. The mobile phases for analysis of medium molecular weight 99m Tc-HSA were consisted of a mixture of 50 mM phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) in 30 % methanol, and a mixtures of 1 % SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfonate) in Tris buffer (pH. 7.0), respectively. It was apparent from the radio-chromatograms obtained from these chromatographic conditions, that impurity of 99m TcO 4 was observed in 99m Tc-pyrophosphate, 99m Tc-phytic acid, 99m Tc-MDP, 99m Tc-HMDP, and impurities of 99m Tc-labeled species and 99m TcO 4 , were observed in 99m Tc-HIDA, 99m Tc-HIDA, 99m Tc-HSA. The radiochemical impurities of the 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals were ranged between 90 and 100 %. From these results, radio-HPLC has been shown to be suitable method for analysis of 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals, with rapidity and excellent precision. (author)

  14. Comparison of Tc-99m-tetrofosmin and Tc-99m-MIBI scintimammography in differential diagnosis of breast mass

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Jung Mi; Choi, Joon Young; Lee, Kyung Han; Choi, Yong; Choe, Yearn Seong; Kim, Sang Eun; Kim, Byung Tae; Nam, Seok Jin; Yang, Jeong Hyun

    2000-01-01

    Tc-99m-MIBI (MIBI) and Tc-99m-Tetrofosmin (TF) are commonly used for scintimammog (SMM). We compared the diagnostic ability of SMM using Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-TF for the differ diagnosis of breast mass. The study subjects were comprised of 123 breast lesior 86 normal breasts of 114 patients who underwent SMM. Bilateral prone images and anterior supine images obtained at 5 minutes and 1 or 3 hours after intravenous injection of 740 MBq of either MIBI or TF. of tumors were not significantly different between the MIBI and TF groups. First, two observers independ read the SMM without clinical information (1st interpretation), then read again with information about location (2nd interpretation). Sensitivity and specificity of each radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of cancer were evaluated in terms of image acquisition time, tumor size, and location. The SMM sb a good agreement between two observers for 1st and 2nd interpretation, except for TF SMM at hr. For first interpretation, the sensitivities at 5 min, 1 hr, and 3 hr were not significantly different between MIE TF SMM (81.6%, 80.0%, 60.9% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 80.6%, 42.9% in TF), although the sensitivities of images were significantly lower than 5 min images in both MIBI and TF SMM. The specificity of TF at was superior to that of MIBI (81.5%, 90.0%, 82.9% in MIBI vs. 96.7%, 100%, 90.0% in TF, p<0.01 MB TF at 5 min). For the second interpretation with information of mass location, the sensitivities at 3 hr in were significantly lower than 5 min images (86.8%, 86.7%, 78.3% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 93.5%, 57.1% in between MIBI and TF SMM. However, there was no significant difference in the specificity (60.0%, 5 75.0% for MIBI vs. 86.7%, 100%, 100% for TF). MIBI and TF SMM showed lower sensitivities for the t with less than 1 cm than tumors with more than 1 cm. However, the location of tumors did not influence sensitivity and specificity between MIBI and TF SMM. The ability for the differential diag of breast tumor is

  15. {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO and {sup 99m}Tc-ECD perform differently in typically hypoperfused areas in Alzheimer's disease

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koulibaly, Pierre Malick [Nuclear Medicine Department, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France); Laboratoire de Biophysique, Universite de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Medecine, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2 (France); Nobili, Flavio; Vitali, Paolo; Girtler, Nicola; Rodriguez, Guido [Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa (Italy); Migneco, Octave; Darcourt, Jacques [Nuclear Medicine Department, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France); Robert, Philippe H. [Memory Center, Federation of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France)

    2003-07-01

    Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) and {sup 99m}Tc-N,N''-1,2-ethylene diylbis-l-cysteine diethyl ester dihydrochloride (ECD) yield significantly different images of cerebral perfusion owing to their particular pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to assess the topography, extension and statistical significance of these differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sixty-four patients with mild to moderate AD were retrospectively selected by two European centres. Two series of patients, including 32 studied with {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO single-photon emission tomography (SPET) and 32 studied with {sup 99m}Tc-ECD SPET, were matched for sex, age ({+-}3 years) and severity of cognitive impairment as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ({+-}2 points), following a case-control procedure. SPET data were processed using SPM99 software (uncorrected height threshold: P=0.001). {sup 99m}Tc-ECD SPET gave significantly higher uptake ratio values than {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO SPET in several symmetrical clusters, including the right and left occipital cuneus, the left occipital and parietal precuneus, and the left superior and middle temporal gyri. {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO SPET gave significantly higher uptake ratio values than ECD in two smaller clusters, including the hippocampus in both hemispheres. In AD, relative brain uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO and {sup 99m}Tc-ECD is different in several brain regions, some of which are typically involved in AD, such as the precuneus and the hippocampus. These differences confirm the need for specific normal databases, but their impact on routine SPET reports in AD is not known and deserves an ad hoc investigation. (orig.)

  16. Pharmacokinetic model of myocardial 99mTc-sestamibi washout

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watanabe, Tsubasa; Monzen, Hajime; Mizowaki, Takashi; Hiraoka, Masahiro; Hara, Masatake

    2013-01-01

    Technetium-99m sestamibi ( 99m Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy has been reported to be a functional imaging tool for in vivo detection of mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardium and multidrug resistance-associated protein expression in tumors. The purpose of this study was to propose a clinically applicable pharmacokinetic model with metabolic equilibrium of 99m Tc-MIBI and to evaluate the accuracy of the model. For this study, eight healthy men received 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy. The planar images were obtained at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after 99m Tc-MIBI injection. The measured time series 99m Tc-MIBI counts were fitted to our model by nonlinear regression analysis. The predictive performance of the model was determined by comparing the residuals between measured and predicted values. We obtained a good regression by fitting data from 0.25 to 6 h after 99m Tc-MIBI injection, with excellent correlation between measured and predicted 99m Tc-MIBI counts (R 2 =0.9792) and a slope near unity. The 95% confidence interval of the mean prediction error included 0, which means that the prediction was not significantly biased. The precision of the prediction was also excellent. Our model shows good predictive capacity, with favorable bias and accuracy. By comparing the predictive values of this model with measured values, mitochondrial 99m Tc-MIBI washout can be quantified. 99m Tc-MIBI washout rates are reported to be a promising method for evaluating cardiac function in patients with cardiac diseases and P-glycoprotein expression in tumor cells. Therefore, this quantification could be useful for mitochondrial functional imaging, especially in patients with cardiac diseases or tumors. (author)

  17. Comparing consideration of the biological behaviour of [sup(99m)Tc(DMPE)2Cl2]+ and [sup(99m)Tc(DMPE)3]+ in the rat

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Syhre, R.; Seifert, S.; Muenze, R.; Jander, R.; Kretschmar, M.

    1984-01-01

    The myotropic [sup(99m)Tc(DMPE) 3 ] + -complex was prepared by alakaline reduction of pertechnetate in an excess of DMPE and under absence of air with a radiochemical purity of > 95% and compared with the [sup(99m)TcCl 2 (DMPE) 2 ] + -complex concerning the tissue distribution and biokinetics. The tissue distribution corresponds nearly to the Tc(III)-complex with the exception of rather increased activity of the lungs. Tc(I)-DMPE is more lipophilic and stronger bound to human serum albumin than the Tc(III)-DMPE-complex. The biological half-lifes of the distribution phase of Tc(I)-DMPE are longer than the corresponding half-lifes determined for Tc(III)-DMPE. Target/nontarget ratios similar to 201 Tl are nearly achieved for Tc(III)-DMPE in the first 20 minutes after injection. The Tc(I)-DMPE-complex does not reach comparable heart/liver ratios within the first two hours after injection, the necessary heart/blood ratios only after 20-30 minutes. Both compounds are not stable in vivo. (orig.) [de

  18. Evaluation of the influence of pH in the efficiency of the 99Mo-99mTc at basis of zirconium molybdate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Diaz A, L.V.

    2003-01-01

    (- 80%). To high concentrations of the zirconil used in the synthesis of those gels (0.5 M), the efficiencies are low and with contained first floor of 99 Mo in the eluates; while that, to low concentrations of ZrOCl 2 * 8H 2 0 (0.045M), the efficiencies increase, but also the quantity of 99 Mo present in the eluates. At the using solutions of ZrOCl 2 * 8H 2 O prepared one day before the synthesis of the gel, bigger efficiency is obtained. The suitable p H of this solution this in the interval of 0.7 at 1.5. The relation Zr:Mo but convenient for to synthesize the gel is 1:1, because to this relation Zr:Mo the efficiency of the generator is bigger than the 80 %. Therefore, the choice of each one of the parameters studied in this work, it should be then a commitment among: high efficiency of the generator 99 Mo- 99m Tc and contained first floor of 99 Mo in the eluates. (Author)

  19. Influence of bilirubin on the distribution of 99mTc-HIDA and 99mTc-IODIDA in rats and their interaction with HSA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jovanovic, M.S.; Zmbova, B.; Zivanov-Stakic, D.; Vladimirov, S.

    1993-01-01

    The interaction of bilirubin and 99m Tc-HIDA and 99m Tc-IODIDA has been studied in rats. The mechanism of this interaction has been examined at the level of binding with human serum albumin (HSA) by the in vitro method. Percentage of binding with HSA, and affinity constants for 99m Tc-IODIDA were determined with and without bilirubin. Bilirubin was labeled with 99m Tc and its interaction with HSA was also examined. (author) 8 refs.; 2 figs.; 4 tabs

  20. Investigations on the structures of sup(99m)Tc and 113Sn pyrophosphate complexes and of sup(99m)Tc and 113Sn ethane hydroxy diphosphate complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hohloch, M.

    1980-01-01

    The complex formation of double labelling of bivalent 113 Sn and reduced, quadrovalent sup(99m)Tc with pyrophosphate (PPi) or ethane hydroxy diphosphorate (EHDP) has been investigated by means of in vivo distribution in the rat. The molar rates of sup(99m)Tc and 113 Sn to PPi resp. EHDP, as well as the pH-value and the initial concentration is varied. Furthermore, both elements were oxidized with H 2 O 2 in the alkaline medium. Four typical sup(99m)Tc and two typical 113 Sn in-vivo distribution patterns can be differentiated: 1. Pertechnetate, characterized by a strong enrichment in the stomach, forms when all Sn-II has been oxidized to Sn-IV in the preparation. 2. One bone-seeking 113 Sn-II PPi (EHDP) complex and a sup(99m)Tc-IV PPi (EHDP) complex each, which are formed at least equimolar ratio of Sn to PPi (EHDP) and suffiently high concentration of PPi (EHDP) in the physiological pH-value. 3. A non-bone-seeking sup(99m)Tc-IV compound, which is enriched in the kidneys instead, is formed in the weakly alkaline medium or at low PPi (EHDP) concentration. This is probably monomeric technetium dioxide dihydrate. 4. A sup(99m)Tc as well as a Sn colloid is formed at deficient ligand concentration (PPi or EHDP to Sn). The chemical composition of the complexes is discussed the possible reaction courses are illustrated in the following diagrams. (orig./MG) [de

  1. Clinical evaluation of myocardial perfusion imaging with 99mTc-CPI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Xiujie

    1988-01-01

    10 normal subjects and 55 cases of patients with heart diseases were studied with 99m Tc-CPI myocardial perfusion imaging. The 99m Tc-CPI myocarbial imaging is superior to 99m Tc-TBI, because the uptake of 99m Tc-CPI in both lung and liver is lower. The imaging quality of 99m Tc-CPI is nearly as good as that of 201 Tl. 16 patients had both 99m Tc-CPI myocardial imaging and coronary artery angiography. The sensitivity of 99m Tc-CPI myocardial imaging for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) was 92%, whereas the sensitivity of ECG was 84.6%. 99m Tc-CPI myocardial tomography was obtained in 17 patients using Toshiba 90B SPECT system. The imaging quality of myocardial tomography using 99m Tc-CPI is very good and superior to planar imaging for detecting myocardial infarction

  2. [sup 99m]Tc-ECD SPECT study in dementia and aphasia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kuwabara, Yasuo; Ichiya, Yuichi; Otsuka, Makoto; Sasaki, Masayuki; Akashi, Yuko; Fukumura, Toshimitsu; Yoshida, Tsuyoshi; Masuda, Kouji; Ichimiya, Atsushi (Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Medicine)

    1993-09-01

    We studied clinical significance of [sup 99m]Tc-L,L,-ethyl cysteine dimer ([sup 99m]Tc-ECD) SPECT study in dementia and aphasia, and compared it with [sup 99m]Tc-HMPAO SPECT study. The subjects consisted of 13 patients, including 10 patients with dementia and 3 patients with aphasia. Hypoperfusion areas were detected in 5 out of 10 patients with dementia and 2 out of 3 patients with aphasia in [sup 99m]Tc-ECD SPECT, and in 4 out of 10 patients with dementia and all of 3 patients with aphasia in [sup 99m]Tc-HMPAO SPECT. The count rate ratios in [sup 99m]Tc-ECD and [sup 99m]Tc-HMPAO SPECT were correlated well with each other, and the contrast of the [sup 99m]Tc-ECD SPECT image was equivalent or slightly higher as compared with [sup 99m]Tc-HMPAO. Therefore, [sup 99m]Tc-ECD SPECT study was considered to be useful for the evaluation of cerebral perfusion in dementia and aphasia. (author).

  3. 99mTc-N4-[Tyr3]Octreotate Versus 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Tyr3]Octreotide: an intrapatient comparison of two novel Technetium-99m labeled tracers for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gabriel, Michael; Decristoforo, Clemens; Maina, Theodosia; Nock, Berthold; vonGuggenberg, Elisabeth; Cordopatis, Paul; Moncayo, Roy

    2004-02-01

    Tetraamine-[Tyr3]octreotate (Demotate) is a somatostatin (SST) analogue that can be easily labeled with 99mTc at high specific activities and showed promising preclinical properties for SST receptor scintigraphy. This study reports on the first intra-patient comparison of 99mTc-Demotate and another 99mTc-labeled SST analogue, 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC (HYNIC-TOC). Five patients with carcinoid tumors (n = 2) and endocrine pancreatic tumors (n = 3) were investigated with both radiopharmaceuticals. 99mTc-Demotate rapidly visualized somatostatin receptor positive tumors as early as 15 minutes post-injection (p.i.) with maximum tumor uptake and tumor/organ ratios already 1 hour p.i. Organs of predominant physiological uptake were the spleen and the kidneys with no intestinal excretion detectable up to 24 hours. 99mTc-Demotate exhibited faster pharmacokinetic properties compared to HYNIC-TOC. Tumor/organ ratios at equivalent time points were higher or comparable for 99mTc-Demotate in three patients with a matching scan result. Equivocal findings were observed in two patients, i.e. comparable uptake behavior in larger lesions with differences in smaller ones. 99mTc-Demotate is a promising agent for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy providing images of excellent quality as early as 1 hour after injection.

  4. Basic and clinical evaluation of regional cerebral perfusion scintigraphy of 99mTc-HM-PAO

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsukatani, Yasushi; Nakamura, Kayoko; Fujii, Hiroshi

    1988-01-01

    Radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-HM-PAO decreased rapidly after preparation. 99m Tc activity of the whole brain increased rapidly after venous injection, and changed very little after 3 minutes later. 99m Tc-HM-PAO scintigram showed the wider abnormal perfusion area than CT scanning did. Hypoperfusion area found by IMP tended to be wider than that by HM-PAO. There were no side effects observed of all cases. (author)

  5. Radiolabeling and in vitro evaluation of 99mTc-methotrexate on breast cancer cell line

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Emre Ozgenc; Meliha Ekinci; Derya Ilem-Ozdemir; Evren Gundogdu; Makbule Asikoglu

    2016-01-01

    In the present study 99m Tc-MTX was prepared with high labeling yield by a new simple and easy formulation method. According to cell culture studies, 99m Tc- MTX incorporated with both MCF-7 and CRL8798 cells, with significant differences in the uptake percentages. Since 99m Tc-MTX highly uptake in cancer cell line, the results demonstrated that radiolabeled MTX may be promising for breast cancer diagnosis of oncological patients. (author)

  6. sup(99m)Tc-labeled monofluorophosphate as a skeletal imaging agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ichikawa, Tsuneji; Ito, Yasuhiko; Muranaka, Akira; Yokobayashi, Tsuneo; Uchida, Masahiro

    1976-01-01

    The performance of sup(99m)Tc-monofluorophosphate was compared with those of sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate and sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate in rabbits. Studies included chromatographic quality control, measurements of blood clearance, tissue distribution, urinary excretion, skeletal imaging, and measurements of the serum calcium. The labeling for sup(99m)Tc-monofluorophosphate was 98% on paper chromatography and 85% on thin layer chromatography. A large fraction of the activity of the three labeled agents was cleared very rapidly from the bloodstream: however, slow components of the curves were the highest for sup(99m)Tc-monofluorophosphate and lowest for sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate. Three hours after injection 20% of the dose of sup(99m)Tc-monofluorophosphate was taken up by bone. The corresponding values of sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate and sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate were 29.1% and 40.0% respectively. Ratio of concentration in bone to that in other major organs was highest with sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate. Ratios were similar for both sup(99m)Tc-monofluorophosphate and sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate and much lower than those of sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate. No significant differences were demonstrated in urinary excretion of the three labeled agents. Visual comparison of the scans obtained with three compounds confirmed the results of radioassay. All were excellent skeletal imaging agents, although sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate appeared to be superior to the other two mainly because of a higher target to non-target ratio. With 50 mg of monofluorophosphate and 1 mg of stannous fluoride, no hypocalcemia was observed. (J.P.N.)

  7. Development of Tc99m-Saccharic Acid for Heart Imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shafii Khamis; Mohd Azfar Adenan; Bohari Yaacob; Amir Fitri Shafii

    2014-01-01

    Cardiovascular disease especially the coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary heart disease is a common term for the buildup of plaque in the heart coronary arteries that could block the blood supply to the myocardial and this could lead to heart attack. An estimated 17 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2008 representing 30% of all global death. In United Kingdom, coronary heart disease killed as much as 82,000 people each year. Hence, early detection of the coronary heart disease is very important in reducing the mortality among the world population. One of the most sensitive detection methods is by radioimaging using Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals. Several different radio imaging agents such as Tc99m radiopharmaceutical were developed as radiagnostic agent in determining the CHD especially in identifying the blockage of the coronary artery of the heart muscle. Despite the success of Tc99m-sestamibi and Tc99m-tetrofosmin as effective agents for myocardial perfusion study, the search for other Tc99m heart imaging agents has never been interrupted. This report described the formulation of the Tc99m-saccharic acid radiopharmaceutical kit, radiolabelling of the kit, radiochemical purity evaluation of the Tc99m labeled saccharaic acid, and animal study involving radio imaging using gamma camera. The animal are then sacrificed and the biological distribution of the Tc99m-saccharic acid in-vivo was determined. Comparative study was also conducted using commercially available Tc99m-tetrafosmin, a CHD radiopharmaceutical kit. The Tc99m-saccharic acid developed gave a very high labeling efficiency of >92% with Tc99m and good uptake in the heart muscle. The saccharic acid kit developed was also found to be comparable in quality to the commercially available Tc99-tetrafosmin kit. (author)

  8. Study of different absorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of {sup 99}Mo - {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto, E-mail: paulinhacorain@usp.b, E-mail: jaosso@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2009-07-01

    Amongst some currently radioisotopes, {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re present adequate decay properties for use in Nuclear Medicine. In the current times the most diagnosis examinations are performed with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re is one radioisotope of potential use in therapy techniques. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molybdenum and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum and tungsten were percolated through different chromatographic columns containing different commercial adsorbent materials such as: PZC (poly-zirconium compound), acid alumina and calcinated alumina used in the routine preparation of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators at IPEN. The tungsten ({sup 188}W), as well the PZC used in this project, supplied by Russia and Japan, respectively, through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and used without any previous preparation. Also trace amounts of {sup 99}Mo and {sup 188}W were added to the initial solutions and the generators were assembled. The {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators were then eluted with known volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution every 24 hours whereas the {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generators were eluted every 48 hours. The eluted samples were analyzed by Gamma Spectroscopy and later submitted to quality control evaluation. The results showed that the PZC presents superior retention capacity for Mo of 97.50mg Mo/gPZC, higher than in acid and calcinated alumina, however the elution efficiency at lower pHs is not so high. With regards to the experiments carried out with {sup 188}W and alumina, it was verified that the elution efficiency of {sup 188}Re was not reproducible and the retention capacity of W was 90.23mgW/gAl{sub 2}O{sub 3} at pH 7. (author)

  9. Preparation of sup(99m)Tc-bleomycin with electrogenerated tin(II) ions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pihlar, B; Marsel, J; Tasic, D [Ljubljana Univ. (Yugoslavia); Erjavec, M [Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana (Yugoslavia)

    1978-01-01

    Some parameters influencing the efficiency of labelling bleomycin (BLM) with sup(99m)Tc using tin electrodes for electrolytic production of tin(II) ions were investigated. The results showed clearly the superiority of tin electrodes for labelling BLM with sup(99m)Tc in comparison with Zn electrodes. The alteration of the primary properties of BLM is negligible. The optimal procedure for the labelling of BLM is as follows. Into a vessel (15-20 cm/sup 3/) containing the corresponding amount of BLM in saline, and the desired amount of sup(99m)TcO/sub 4//sup -/ eluate in 0.9% NaCl, 0.5 ml 0.5 M HCl is added and diluted with saline to 10 ml. The electrolysis is performed using tin electrodes with a current density of about 6 mA/cm/sup 2/ for 10 to 20 s with stirring, which is prolonged after electrolysis for a few minutes. After filtration through a 0.22 ..mu..m Millipore filter, the labelled compound can be used for clinical applications. For analytical control of labelled BLM, gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 with UV and radioactivity detection can be recommended. From the results obtained, it has been concluded that gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 can give applicable information about the quality of this radiopharmaceutical.

  10. Radiolabeling, quality control and kit formulation of a new 99mTc-labeled antibiotic. 99mTc-doxycycline hyclate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Derya Ilem-Oezdemir; Makbule Asikoglu; Hayal Oezkilic

    2013-01-01

    Since radiolabeled antibiotics specifically bind to the bacterial components they are promising radiopharmaceuticals for the precise diagnosis and detection of infectious lesions. Doxycycline hyclate (DOX) was chosen to investigate as a new radiolabeled antibacterial agent since its bacteriostatic activity against a wide variety of microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to develop simple and easy formulation of DOX with 99m Tc ready to use kit. 99m Tc-DOX was developed and standardized under varying conditions of reducing and antioxidant agent concentration, pH, radioactivity dose and reducing agent type. Labeling studies were performed by changing the selected parameters one by one and optimum labeling conditions were determined. After observing the conditions for maximum labeling efficiency and stability, lyophilized freeze dry kits were prepared accordingly. Radiochemical purity was determined with RTLC and RHPLC which was found more than >95 %. Two different freeze dry kits were formulated with optimum labeling conditions. The improved kits were found stable up to 6 months. (author)

  11. Effective visualization of suppressed thyroid tissue by means of baseline 99mTc-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile in comparison with 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy after TSH stimulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vattimo, A; Bertelli, P; Burroni, L

    1992-01-01

    Baseline 99mTc-MIBI thyroid scintigraphy was compared with 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy after TSH stimulation in seven patients with suppressed thyroid tissue due to an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN). In all patients the suppressed thyroid tissue was visualized by means of both baseline 99mTc-MIBI and post-TSH 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy, and in some cases the former technique provided better visualization. In one patient presenting a "warm" nodule T3-suppression did not affect the nodular/extranodular uptake ratio of 99mTc-MIBI, whereas the 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake ratio increased significantly. This leads us to hypothesize that the thyroid uptake of 99mTc-MIBI is not related to TSH control, but rather to other mechanisms such as the blood flow. Since exogenous TSH is no longer available, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy can be successfully used in the place of repeated 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy after TSH stimulation in the assessment of AFTN.

  12. Radiolabeling, quality control and radiochemical purity assessment of {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Melero, Laura T.U.H.; Araujo, Elaine B.; Mengatti, Jair [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2009-07-01

    Somatostatine receptors are widely expressed by several tumors, especially of the neuroendocrine origin. In vivo images of these tumors using radiolabeled somatostatine analogues became a useful clinical tool in oncology. The aim of this work was the radiolabeling of the somatostatine analogue HYNIC-TOC with 99mTc as well as the evaluation of the radiochemical stability and quality control of labeled complex. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was produced by labeling conditions using 20 {mu}g of peptide, 20 mg of tricine and 10 mg of EDDA as coligands, 1110 MBq of 99mTc (99Mo-99mTc IPEN-TEC generator) and 15 {mu}g of SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O. The reaction proceeds for 10 minutes at boiling water bath. Radiochemical purity of labeled preparation was evaluated by different chromatographic systems: ITLC-SG in methanol:ammonium acetate (1:1); TLC-SG in sodium citrate buffer 0.1 N pH 5.0 and methylethylketone, and HPLC employing column C-18, 5 {mu}m, 4.6 mm x 250 mm, UV (220 nm), radioactivity detectors, 1 mL/minute flow of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid solution 0.1 %. Labeled compound has been found radiochemically stable for 5 hours and radiochemical purity was higher than 90 %. The thin layer chromatographic systems enabled the separation of radiochemical species presented in the labeled mixture as well as HPLC system. The labeling procedure studied resulted in high radiochemical yield and easy preparation. Future works include the preparation of a lyophilized reagent to make feasible the preparation of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC at nuclear medicine services in order to study the clinical potential of the radiopharmaceutical in diagnostic and staging of neuroendocrine tumors. (author)

  13. Can tumor uptake Tc-99m MDP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Y.S.F.; Zeng, Z.J.; Yao, Y.M.; Shi, S.M.P.; Shi, S.Z.Y.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: To study a distribution of Tc-99m MDP in mice bearing tumor cell lines. Methods: The uptake of Tc-99m MDP was analyzed in seven human tumor cell lines (SPC-A1 adenocarcinoma of lung cancer, P37 Breast cancer, T24 Bladder cancer, SKOV2 Ovary carcinoma, Hela-229 Cervical carcinoma, Osteosarcoma, A375 Melanoma) and one mouse lung cancer cell line (Lewis). They were transplanted into 13, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5 athymic mice, 6 SCID nude mice and 4 C57 black mice, respectively. Approximately 10(7) cells of each cell line were injected subcutaneously into a right chest of mouse. After 5∼6 weeks, the Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy were determined 5-6 hours after i.v. injection of 74MBq in 0.05ml every mouse. Result: Biodistribution and tumor uptake MDP was different in the various cell types investigated. Region of interests (RIOs) placed on a small part of the tumor and horizontal copied to left chest or spine of mice in Tc-99m MDP imaging and the average count ratio (tumor to background ratio: T/B, tumor to spine ratio: T/NT) in each ROI was calculated. 13 nude mice bearing the adenocarcinoma (SPC-A1) were sacrificed and biodistribution was determined after Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy. Results were expressed as % injected dose/gram (%ID/g), mean±SD. T-ulcer=ulcer of tumor, T-round=surrounding of tumor, T-center=the center of tumor, Thor-sp=thoracic spine, Lum-ver=lumbar vertebra, LN=lymph node. Conclusions: Tumor can uptake Tc-99m MDP including adenocarcinoma. Higher uptake rate in the center tissue of tumor is than other part of tumor. It maybe connected with necrosis or fibrosis of tumor

  14. Catabolism and protein binding of /sup 99m/Tc pyridoxylideneglutamate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jansholt, A.L.; Krohn, K.A.; Stadalnik, R.C.; Matolo, N.M.; DeNardo, G.L.

    1978-01-01

    Various Tc-99m-labeled compounds have been suggested as replacements for [I-131] rose bengal for imaging of the hepatobiliary system. Among such compounds are Schiff's bases, which are tin-free Tc-chelates easily prepared by 30-min autoclaving of an equimolar mixture of pyridoxal and an amino acid at pH 8.5. We have compared the properties of several Schiff's bases, including Tc-99m pyridoxylideneglutamate (Tc-PyG) with [I-131] rose bengal. Under conditions described, Tc-PyG can be prepared free of Tc-pyridoxal and with 4 - radiochemical impurity. Blood clearance and biliary excretion were studied in three animal models and in normal human volunteers. In all animal models, Tc-PyG initially cleared from the blood more rapidly than rose bengal, but a significant amount of Tc-PyG was excreted in the urine, this in contrast to [I-131] rose bengal which was almost completely excreted through the biliary system. Species differences were observed in the degree of urinary versus biliary clearance of Tc-PyG, with significantly greater urinary excretion in dogs than in monkeys and rabbits. Replacing glutamate with other amino acids did not significantly increase the blood clearance rate or decrease urinary excretion, so that Tc-PyG appears to be at least as good as any of the others studied. Tc-PyG was only 20% bound to plasma proteins, and electrophoretic and chromatographic studies did not reveal any in vivo changes of Tc-PyG before excretion in urine or bile

  15. On the organ distribution of a selection of 99mTc-tagged tetracyclines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weinhold, S.E.M.

    1983-01-01

    During this study the time course of organ concentrations of 99mTc-tagged tetracycline and of 99mTc-rolitetracycline that had been labeled according to two different methods was investigated with reference to that of two standard preparations, 99mTcO 4 and 3 H-labeled tetracycline, which differ from the test substances in their chemical structures (lipohilia - hydrophilia). As the substances to be investigated here are chemically related, they showed mostly consistent organ concentrations and great vivo stability. The concentrations measured in the organs examined (particularly the lungs) followed the same pattern as the concentrations in the blood and were thus regarded as being primarily the result of convection processes, whereas the concentrations seen in some other organs (especially the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the liver) rather appeared to be determined by invasion and evasion processes; this held true for 99mTc-labeled tetracyclines as well as for pertechnetate. None of the five substances tested during this study appeared to be able to pass the blood-brain barrier. As regards solubility in water, the 99mTc-labeled tetracyclines occupy an intermediate position between pertechnetate (extremely water-soluble) and 3 H-labeled tetracyclines (extremely lipophil), which can be seen from the moderately high blood concentrations of these preparations. In view of the high organ concentrations that are observed particularly in the kidneys following administration of 99mTc-labeled tetracycline and rolitetracycline, the use of these substances for renal scintiscanning appears worth considering, as only approx. one tenth of the dose of pertechnetate would be required for this purpose. (TRV) [de

  16. Potential Ways to Address Shortage Situations of 99Mo/99mTc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Filzen, Leah M; Ellingson, Lacey R; Paulsen, Andrew M; Hung, Joseph C

    2017-03-01

    99m Tc, the most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine, is produced in a nuclear reactor from the decay of 99 Mo. There are only a few aging nuclear reactors around the world that produce 99 Mo, and one of the major contributors, the National Research Universal (Canada), ceased production on October 31, 2016. The National Research Universal produced approximately 40% of the world's 99 Mo supply, so with its shut down, shortages of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc are expected. Methods: Nuclear pharmacies and nuclear medicine departments throughout the United States were contacted and asked to provide their strategies for coping with a shortage of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc. Each of these strategies was evaluated on the basis of its effectiveness for conserving 99m Tc while still meeting the needs of the patients. Results: From the responses, the following 6 categories of strategies, in order of importance, were compiled: contractual agreements with commercial nuclear pharmacies, alternative imaging protocols, changes in imaging schedules, software use, generator management, and reduction of ordered doses or elimination of backup doses. Conclusion: The supply chain of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc is quite fragile; therefore, being aware of the most appropriate coping strategies is crucial. It is essential to build a strong collaboration between the nuclear pharmacy and nuclear medicine department during a shortage situation. With both nuclear medicine departments and nuclear pharmacies implementing viable strategies, such as the ones proposed, the amount of 99m Tc available during a shortage situation can be maximized. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

  17. Silica-gel modified with zirconium oxide as a novel 99Mo adsorbent 99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salehi, H.; Mollarazi, E.; Abbasi, H.

    2010-01-01

    A new 99 Mo adsorbent has been prepared with modified silica gel with zirconium oxide (SiO 2 /ZrO 2 :Na 2 MoO 4 ) and used in technetium-99m generator. The adsorption behaviors of 99 Mo in the form of molybdate and 99m Tc in the form of pertechnetate on the new adsorbent was investigated showed that the adsorption capacity of molybdate on this generator was considerably higher than the usual generator with alumina column. Coating zirconium oxide on the surface of silica gel resulted in higher 99 Mo adsorption of this compound. 99m Tc is eluted with 0.9% NaCl, and the radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purities of the eluate were checked. This generator has a great potential as compared to the traditional alumina generators.

  18. Single isotope dual-phase scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-tetrofosmin combined with SPECT technique in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Botushanova, A.; Yaneva, M.; Botushanov, N.

    2015-01-01

    Full text: Preoperative parathyroid scintigraphy is highly beneficial when used for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. The aim is to examine the diagnostic value of single isotope dual-phase scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-etrofosmin combined with SPECT technique in preoperative localization of hyperplastic parathyroid glands in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The study included 15 patients aged 37 to 73 years (8 women and 7 men) with proven secondary hyperparathyroidism with increased serum calcium and parathyroid hormone. All patients were on chroniodialysis and treatment with Calcitriol. The examination was done with two-headed SPECT gamma camera SIMBIA by protocol for single isotope dual-phase scintigraphy and SPECT technique. 740 MBq 99mTc-MIBI were applied intravenously in 6 of the patients, and in 9 patients were administered 740 MBq 99mTc-tetrofosmin. The scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI visualized a focus of residual activity in 4 patients, and in 2 we received negative scintigraphy. The scintigraphy with 99mTc-tetrofosmin combined with SPECT showed an area of hyperfixation in both phases on SPECT images in 1 patient. In 2 patients hyperfixating areas suspicious for abnormal parathyroid glands were registered only in the early SPECT images. In 6 patients the scintigraphic results were negative. Negative scintigraphic results can be explained with the ability to suppress the uptake of 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc - tetrofosmin by the parathyroid cells as a result of taking Calcitriol. Scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-tetrofosmin did not show high sensitivity in identifying the hyperplastic parathyroid glands, although it was capable to distinguish patients with nodular hyperplasia of those with diffuse hyperplasia

  19. Clinical use of 99mTc mebrofenin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Shaoliang; Zhao Huiyang

    1989-01-01

    A study of 124 subjects was undertaken to evaluate the image patterns of 99m Tc trimethylbromo iminodiacetic acid ( 99m Tc mebrofenin) in hepatobiliary disorders. It exhibits: (a) high specificity for the hepatobiliary system with low urinary excretion rate; (b) high competition to bilirubin; and (c) clearing more rapidly from the blood and rapid transit through the hepatobiliary system. Therefore 99m Tc mebrofenin result in the best visualization of the biliary system either in nonjaundiced or joundiced patient, and the hepatobiliary system can be clearly visualized even in patients with serum bilirubin level up to 30 mg%. The major drawback of this agent is that the urinary excretion rate increased in case of high serum bilirubin

  20. A freeze-dried kit formulation for the preparation of Lys27(99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC)-Exendin(9-39)/99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-Octreotide to detect benign and malignant insulinomas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Medina-García, Veronica; Ocampo-García, Blanca E.; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Santos-Cuevas, Clara L.; Aranda-Lara, Liliana; García-Becerra, Rocio; Ordaz-Rosado, David; Melendez-Alafort, Laura

    2015-01-01

    About 90% of insulinomas are benign and 5%–15% are malignant. Benign insulinomas express the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and low levels of somatostatin receptors (SSTR), while malignant insulinomas over-express SSTR or GLP-1R in low levels. A kit for the preparation of Lys 27 ( 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC)-Exendin(9-39)/ 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr 3 Octreotide was formulated to detect 100% of insulinomas. The formulation showed radiochemical purity of 97 ± 1%, high stability in human serum, and GLP-1R and SSTR affinity. The biodistribution and imaging studies demonstrated properties suitable for its use as a target-specific agent for the simultaneous molecular imaging of GRP-1R- and/or SSTR-positive tumors.

  1. A new method for 99mTc-labelling of proteins, leucocytes and platelets for nuclear medicine application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sundrehagen, E.

    1984-01-01

    A reduced state of 99mTc was obtained by concentrated hydrocloric acid treatment of the 99mTc(VII)/0.15 M NaCl eluate from 99Mo/99mTc generators. Non-acidic reduced state of 99mTc in dry NaCl deposit was obtained by vacuum evaporation of concentrated HCl and water. A monitored vacuum evaporator built for this purpose is presented, as well as methods of formation of various 99mTc-protein and 99mTc-polypeptide complexes. After careful protein precipation or anionic adsorption of pertechnetate and 99mTc-gentisic acid complexes, high radiochemical purities of labelled proteins were demonstrated by gel chromatography studies, radioimmunological methods, radioaffinity testing studies and ampholyte displacement radiochromatography. Preparative methods for 99mTc-plasmin (at pH=2), 99mTc-secretin (at pH=3) and 99mTc-IgG (at pH=4) are presented. The role and the limitations of 99mTc-plasmin for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis were investigated in experimentally induced jugular vein thrombosis in rabbits. The in vivo distribution of intravenously injected 99mTc-secretin was found to be in correspondance with that of unlabelled secretin. Labelling of platelets and leucoytes from human blood with 99mTc was carried out at pH=7.2. Data for a remarkable high stability of the labelled cells are presented

  2. Effective detection of the tumors causing osteomalacia using [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body scan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jing, Hongli; Li, Fang; Zhuang, Hongming; Wang, Zhenghua; Tian, Jian; Xing, Xiaoping; Jin, Jin; Zhong, Dingrong; Zhang, Jingjing

    2013-11-01

    Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an endocrine disorder caused by tumors producing excessive fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). The causative tumors are generally small, slow-growing benign mesenchymal tumors. The only cure of the disease depends on resection of the tumors, which are extremely difficult to localize due to their small sizes and rare locations. Since these tumors are known to express somatostatin receptors, this research was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body imaging in this clinical setting Images of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scans and clinical chart from 183 patients with hypophosphatemia and clinically suspected TIO were retrospectively reviewed. The scan findings were compared to the results of histopathological examinations and clinical follow-ups. Among 183 patients, 72 were confirmed to have TIO while 103 patients were found to have other causes of hypophosphatemia. The possibility of TIO could not be either diagnosed or excluded in the remaining 8 patients. For analytical purposes, these 8 patients who could neither be diagnosed nor excluded as having TIO were regarded as having the disease, bringing the total of TIO patients to 80. The 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scan identified 69 tumors in 80 patients with TIO, which rendered a sensitivity of 86.3% (69/80). 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy excluded 102 patients without TIO with a specificity of 99.1% (102/103). The overall accuracy of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC whole body scan in the localization of tumors responsible for osteomalacia is 93.4% (171/183). Whole body 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC imaging is effective in the localization of occult tumors causing TIO. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Effective detection of the tumors causing osteomalacia using [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body scan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jing, Hongli; Li, Fang; Zhuang, Hongming; Wang, Zhenghua; Tian, Jian; Xing, Xiaoping; Jin, Jin; Zhong, Dingrong; Zhang, Jingjing

    2013-01-01

    Purpose: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an endocrine disorder caused by tumors producing excessive fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). The causative tumors are generally small, slow-growing benign mesenchymal tumors. The only cure of the disease depends on resection of the tumors, which are extremely difficult to localize due to their small sizes and rare locations. Since these tumors are known to express somatostatin receptors, this research was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body imaging in this clinical setting Methods: Images of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scans and clinical chart from 183 patients with hypophosphatemia and clinically suspected TIO were retrospectively reviewed. The scan findings were compared to the results of histopathological examinations and clinical follow-ups. Results: Among 183 patients, 72 were confirmed to have TIO while 103 patients were found to have other causes of hypophosphatemia. The possibility of TIO could not be either diagnosed or excluded in the remaining 8 patients. For analytical purposes, these 8 patients who could neither be diagnosed nor excluded as having TIO were regarded as having the disease, bringing the total of TIO patients to 80. The 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scan identified 69 tumors in 80 patients with TIO, which rendered a sensitivity of 86.3% (69/80). 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy excluded 102 patients without TIO with a specificity of 99.1% (102/103). The overall accuracy of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC whole body scan in the localization of tumors responsible for osteomalacia is 93.4% (171/183). Conclusions: Whole body 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC imaging is effective in the localization of occult tumors causing TIO

  4. Effective detection of the tumors causing osteomalacia using [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body scan

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jing, Hongli, E-mail: annsmile1976@sina.com [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China); Li, Fang, E-mail: lifang@pumch.cn [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China); Zhuang, Hongming, E-mail: zhuang@email.chop.edu [Department of Radiology, The Children' s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 34th and Civic Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (United States); Wang, Zhenghua, E-mail: ccq1214@yahoo.com.cn [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China); Tian, Jian, E-mail: tianjian4809@hotmail.com [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China); Xing, Xiaoping, E-mail: xingxp@126.com [Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China); Jin, Jin, E-mail: jinjin9010@126.com [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China); Zhong, Dingrong, E-mail: ZhongDR@pumch.cn [Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China); Zhang, Jingjing, E-mail: zhangjingjingtag@163.com [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730 (China)

    2013-11-01

    Purpose: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an endocrine disorder caused by tumors producing excessive fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). The causative tumors are generally small, slow-growing benign mesenchymal tumors. The only cure of the disease depends on resection of the tumors, which are extremely difficult to localize due to their small sizes and rare locations. Since these tumors are known to express somatostatin receptors, this research was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body imaging in this clinical setting Methods: Images of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scans and clinical chart from 183 patients with hypophosphatemia and clinically suspected TIO were retrospectively reviewed. The scan findings were compared to the results of histopathological examinations and clinical follow-ups. Results: Among 183 patients, 72 were confirmed to have TIO while 103 patients were found to have other causes of hypophosphatemia. The possibility of TIO could not be either diagnosed or excluded in the remaining 8 patients. For analytical purposes, these 8 patients who could neither be diagnosed nor excluded as having TIO were regarded as having the disease, bringing the total of TIO patients to 80. The 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scan identified 69 tumors in 80 patients with TIO, which rendered a sensitivity of 86.3% (69/80). 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy excluded 102 patients without TIO with a specificity of 99.1% (102/103). The overall accuracy of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC whole body scan in the localization of tumors responsible for osteomalacia is 93.4% (171/183). Conclusions: Whole body 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC imaging is effective in the localization of occult tumors causing TIO.

  5. Effect of acidity and chemical composition of sup(99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on sup(99m)Tc accumulation in necrotic tissue of rat myocardium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vilcek, S; Machan, V; Kalincak, M [Ustav Radioekologie a Vyuzitia Jadrovej Techniky, Kosice (Czechoslovakia); Nicak, A [Univerzita P.J. Safarika, Kosice (Czechoslovakia). Lekarska Fakulta

    1981-04-30

    Experiments showed that the cumulation of technetium-99m following the administration of /sup 99m/Tc-Sn-pyrophosphate and s/sup 99m/Tc-Sn-oxytetracycline in the necrotic tissue of rat myocardium damaged by cauterization depended on the end pH value. The maximum /sup 99m/Tc cumulation in the myocardial lesion was noted when the end pH value ranged in 5.5 to 6.0. It appeared that pyrophosphate concentration decrease below the critical limit not only affected the cumulation of /sup 99m/Tc in the particular organs but also in the necrotic tissue of the myocardium.

  6. Effect of acidity and chemical composition of sup(99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on sup(99m)Tc accumulation in necrotic tissue of rat myocardium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vilcek, S.; Machan, V.; Kalincak, M.; Nicak, A.

    1981-01-01

    Experiments showed that the cumulation of technetium-99m following the administration of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-pyrophosphate and sup(99m)Tc-Sn-oxytetracycline in the necrotic tissue of rat myocardium damaged by cauterization depended on the end pH value. The maximum sup(99m)Tc cumulation in the myocardial lesion was noted when the end pH value ranged in 5.5 to 6.0. It appeared that pyrophosphate concentration decrease below the critical limit not only affected the cumulation of sup(99m)Tc in the particular organs but also in the necrotic tissue of the myocardium. (author)

  7. Bone turnover markers are correlated with total skeletal uptake of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lenora, Janaka; Norrgren, Kristina; Thorsson, Ola; Wollmer, Per; Obrant, Karl J; Ivaska, Kaisa K

    2009-01-01

    Skeletal uptake of 99m Tc labelled methylene diphosphonate ( 99m Tc-MDP) is used for producing images of pathological bone uptake due to its incorporation to the sites of active bone turnover. This study was done to validate bone turnover markers using total skeletal uptake (TSU) of 99m Tc-MDP. 22 postmenopausal women (52–80 years) volunteered to participate. Scintigraphy was performed by injecting 520 MBq of 99m Tc-MDP and taking whole body images after 3 minutes, and 5 hours. TSU was calculated from these two images by taking into account the urinary loss and soft tissue uptake. Bone turnover markers used were bone specific alkaline phosphatase (S-Bone ALP), three different assays for serum osteocalcin (OC), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (S-TRACP5b), serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (S-CTX-I) and three assays for urinary osteocalcin (U-OC). The median TSU of 99m Tc-MDP was 23% of the administered activity. All bone turnover markers were significantly correlated with TSU with r-values from 0.52 (p = 0.013) to 0.90 (p < 0.001). The two resorption markers had numerically higher correlations (S-TRACP5b r = 0.90, S-CTX-I r = 0.80) than the formation markers (S-Total OC r = 0.72, S-Bone ALP r = 0.66), but the difference was not statistically significant. TSU did not correlate with age, weight, body mass index or bone mineral density. In conclusion, bone turnover markers are strongly correlated with total skeletal uptake of 99m Tc-MDP. There were no significant differences in correlations for bone formation and resorption markers. This should be due to the coupling between formation and resorption

  8. Preparation of freeze dried kit of sodium citrate labeled with Tc-99m used as a new kidney functional agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Merzah, K. S.; Abdulkrim, H. M.; Resen, H. M.; Badi, J. M.

    2012-12-01

    A new freeze-dried kit of sodium citrate complex has been prepared, to be labeled with technetium-99m can be used for diagnosis of kidney function. The labeling conditions of Tc-99m citrate complex using stannous chloride as a reducing agent for pertechnetate have been described. The GCS method reveals that the labeling efficiency of Tc-99m citrate complex is promoted by raisinng the pH of the preparation to (pH=4) using 1 N NaOH. The optimal amounts of the reactants in the preparation to obtain labeled and stable complex with high kidney uptake were found to be not less than (1 mg) sodium citrate and not more than (100μg) SnCI 2 2HO. The results show that high labeling yield (≥95%) for the labeled complex (Tc-99 Sn- citrate) can be perform due to the suitable reactant materials. The data of biodistribution experiments in the laboratory animals (Mice), clear high radioactivity accumulation labeled complex in kidney at 5 minutes post injection. The results of the radiochemical purity and biodistribution studies of the lyophilized kit approved that it was stable for about more than seven moths under normal conditions (2-8 o C ). The results of biodistribution of labeled kit have shown a good biological behavior with low radioactivity accumulation in the non-target organs (blood, liver and other organs). the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Tc-99-citrate complex as a new kidney functional agents and the efficiency of the freeze dried kit in the diagnosis of kidney function. (Author)

  9. Regional differences between 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO SPET in perfusion changes with age and gender in healthy adults

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inoue, Kentaro; Nakagawa, Manabu; Goto, Ryoi; Kinomura, Shigeo; Sato, Tachio; Sato, Kazunori; Fukuda, Hiroshi

    2003-01-01

    A number of studies using single-photon emission tomography (SPET) have shown perfusion changes with age in several cortical and subcortical areas, which might distort the results of perfusion imaging studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. Technetium-99m labelled ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) are both used as markers of cerebral perfusion, but have different pharmacokinetics and retention patterns. The aim of this study was to determine whether age and gender effects on perfusion SPET differ depending on whether 99m Tc-HMPAO or 99m Tc-ECD is used. Forty-five subjects (20 male and 25 female, mean age 52.8±6.6 years) were assigned to 99m Tc-HMPAO SPET (HMPAO group), and 39 subjects (24 male and 15 female, mean age 52.6±6.7 years) to 99m Tc-ECD SPET (ECD group). SPET images were obtained about 10 min after intravenous injection of approximately 800 MBq 99m Tc-HMPAO or 99m Tc-ECD using the same SPET scanner. Three-dimensional volumetric magnetic resonance imaging was performed to as7sess morphological changes in the grey matter. All image processing and statistical analyses were performed using SPM99 software. An area in the right anterior frontal lobe showed an increase in perfusion with age only in the HMPAO group, whereas areas in the bilateral retrosplenial cortex showed decreases in perfusion with age only in the ECD group; neither group showed corresponding changes in the grey matter. The present study shows that different effects of age on perfusion are observed depending on whether 99m Tc-HMPAO and 99m Tc-ECD is used. This suggests that the results of perfusion SPET are differently confounded depending on the tracer used, and that perfusion SPET with these tracers has limitations when used in research on subtle perfusion changes. (orig.)

  10. Blood cell labeling with technetium-99m. II. Measurement of circulating blood volume by sup(99m)Tc-labeled red blood cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uchida, T; Yoshida, H; Matsuda, S; Kimura, H; Miura, N [Fukushima Medical Coll. (Japan)

    1978-02-01

    Using a labeling method with sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate to red blood cells (RBC), circulating blood volume was measured in comparison with that from /sup 51/Cr-labeled RBC method. The technique is easier than already published methods, because CIS kit for sup(99m)Tc-RBC labeling (TCK-11) became to be available recently. Two mls of ACD-anticoagulated blood were withdrawn and 0.5 ml of reducing reagent prepared just before use was added to blood, waiting 5 minutes and discarding the serum after centrifugation, then adding 100 ..mu..Ci of sup(99m)Tc. After washing the labeled cells by isotonic saline, cells were re-suspended in 10 ml of saline and injected to the subject. Blood specimen was obtained 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after infusion and blood volume was calculated by the usual way. Circulating blood volume by sup(99m)Tc was well correlated with that by /sup 51/Cr (=0.98, p 0.01), however, the value calculated from sup(99m)Tc were 4.8 percent higher than those by /sup 51/Cr, which suggested the elution of sup(99m)Tc from labeled RBC. sup(99m)Tc method has the advantages that higher radioactivity can be obtained in small amount of blood, which is useful in the determination of blood volume in children or in small animals in the laboratory. The measurement of blood volume of the mouse was done by using sup(99m)Tc method. The results were 1.70 +- 0.06 ml (6.35 +- 0.18%/gm), which coincided with the values reported previously. Because of it's short half life and low radiation dosage to the patients, sup(99m)Tc method will be recommended in the field of pediatrics or in patients with polycythemia or congestive heart failure, who are requested the repeated measurement of blood volume.

  11. Development of Tc-99m labeled myocardial imaging agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeong, J. M.; Jang, Y. S.; Kim, Y. J.; Lee, Y. S.; Kim, H. W.; Ray, G.; Lee, M. S.

    2006-02-01

    Lipophilic cations have been widely used for myocardial SPECT. We synthesized novel +1 charged lipophilic Tc-99m-labeled N,N'-disubstituted N2S2 derivatives and investigated their biodistribution. The N,N'-dimethyl-, N,N'-diethyl-, N,N'-bis(methoxyethyl)-, and N,N'-bis(ethoxyethyl)N2S2 derivatives were synthesized by alkylating disulfide form of N2S2 with corresponding alkyl halides and subsequently reduced with LAH in THF. To label with Tc-99m, 50% gluconic acid (0.1 ml), SnCl2·2H2O (10 μg), Tc-99m-pertechnetate (370 MBq/2.5 ml) and 0.5 M Na2CO3 (0.3 ml) were added to the compounds. These mixtures were reacted in boiling water bath for 30∼60 min. Radiochemical purities were checked by Whatman No.1 chromatography (normal saline, Rf 0.3∼0.4). Biodistribution of each compound was investigated after injecting 74 kBq (0.1 ml) of each Tc-99m-labeled compound to ICR-mice through the tail vein. Chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by GC-MSD and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. All of the Tc-99m-labeled compound showed labeling efficiencies of higher than 93%. In biodistribution study, the myocardial uptake of Tc-99m-N,N'-dimethylN2S2, Tc-99m-N,N'-diethylN2S2, Tc-99m-N,N'-bis(methoxyethyl)N2S2 and Tc-99m-N,N'-bis(ethoxyethyl)N2S2 were 5.38 ±0.96, 2.98 ±0.16, 4.27 ±0.47, 7.24 ±1.01% ID/g at 10 min and 5.34 ±1.57, 2.05 ±0.40, 1.02 ±0.16, 1.69 ±0.04% ID/g at 2 hr, respectively. We successfully synthesized Tc-99m-labeled N,N-disubstituted N2S2 derivatives that are novel lipophilic +1 charged compounds. We thought our results prove the feasibility of these compounds to use for myocardial SPECT agent

  12. Magnesium-molybdenum compounds as matrices of generators of {sup 99m} Tc; Compuestos de magnesio-molibdeno como matrices de generadores de {sup 99m} Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jimenez M, T.S.; Monroy G, F. [ININ, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: thania_susana@terra.com.mx

    2004-07-01

    The generator system of radionuclides more diffused, and used in the world, it is the{sup 99}Mo / {sup 99m} Tc. These use {sup 99} Mo, product of fission of the {sup 235} U of very high specific activity, adsorbed on alumina (0.2% of {sup 99} Mo/gram of alumina). An alternative for the production of generators of low activity specifies, via the reaction {sup 98} Mo(n, {gamma}) {sup 99} Mo, it is based on the use of compounds with molybdates base, as matrices of the generators {sup 99} Mo / {sup 99m} Tc. In this work is proposed to develop a generator at base of compounds of magnesium molybdates that could be irradiated after its synthesis, given the short half life of the only radioisotope produced by magnesium: {sup 27} Mg (t{sub 1/2} = 9.46 m). In this work two parameters were studied, fundamental in the preparation of the magnesium molybdates, matrices of the generators {sup 99}Mo / {sup 99m}Tc, and their influence in the efficiency and radionuclide purity: the washing of the gels previous to its irradiation and the molar ratio Mo:Mg. The magnesium molybdates non washing presents bigger efficiencies (72%), but they don't fulfill a smaller percentage to 0.015% of {sup 99} Mo, neither with a radiochemical purity of 90%, except when the molar ratio Mo: Mg of 1:1.08 which provide the best results. (Author)

  13. Hot spot(s) of the lung in technetium-99m albumin colloid liver-spleen scintigraphy: case report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shih, W.J.; Brandenburg, S.; Coupal, J.J.; Sullivan, J.D.; Beeler, J.A.; Magoun, S.; Ryo, U.Y.

    1988-01-01

    The authors replaced /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid for /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid as a radiopharmaceutical for liver-spleen imaging and found two instances of hot spot(s) in the lung. The preparation procedure of albumin colloid is easier and more convenient as compared to that of sulfur colloid. Whereas replacement of /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid by /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid is inevitable, it should be emphasized that one should avoid blood withdrawal in the syringe containing albumin colloid to prevent formation of clot(s) during the venous puncture for /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid

  14. Evaluation of liver function in carbon tetrachloride-damaged rabbits by dynamic SPECT. Comparison of 99mTc-GSA and 99mTc-Sn colloid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiuchi, Takaaki; Kawasaki, Yukiko; Hino, Ichirou; Kojima, Kanji; Ohkawa, Motoomi; Tanabe, Masatada; Tamai, Toyosato.

    1994-01-01

    Technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosyl human serum albumin ( 99m Tc-GSA) is a new ligand that binds specifically to asialoglycoprotein receptors in hepatocytes. We performed liver dynamic SPECT using 99m Tc-GSA and 99m Tc-Sn colloid in nine normal control rabbits and 17 chronically CCl 4 -damaged rabbits (total 29 examinations), and also performed liver function tests (ICGR 15 , Alb, etc). Using the obtained dynamic SPECT data, we analyzed the liver kinetics of 99m Tc-Sn colloid using a one-compartment model (hepatic blood flow [K]) and 99m Tc-GSA using a two-compartment model (hepatic blood flow and receptor binding [K 1 ], catabolism [K 2 ]). As the CCl 4 -treated period increased, K 1 decreased most significantly. K 1 showed the most statistically significant correlation with the results of liver function tests, ICGR 15 (p 1 showed a correlation with the hepatic fibrosis of the HAI score. From the present results, liver dynamic SPECT using 99m Tc-GSA may be said to provide a novel method for the evaluation of hepatic functional reserve. (author)

  15. The preparation of Tc-99m labeled liposomes by a cationic SP/DOPE formulation for tumor imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu, M.D.; Hsieh, D.S.; Huang, W.S.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: Liposomes can provide a gene delivery system to be used in the cancer gene therapy. Radiolabeled liposomes can be used in tumor imaging and tumor therapy. A new cationic liposome formulation of sphingosin e (SP) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) was developed and showed very efficient transfection in a wide variety of mammalian cancer cells, including SKOV-3 (human ovarian carcinoma cells), NPC076 (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells), and A431 (human epidermoid carcinoma cells) (Kao et al., Oncol Reports. 5:625-629, 1998). The present study is designed and evaluated the labeling and stability of Tc-99m liposomes by SP/DOPE formulation. Material and Methods: A mixture of 8 mg of SP (Sigma Chemical) and 8 mg of DOPE (Sigma Chemical) dissolved in 4 ml absolute ethanol and used as a lipid stock solution (4 mg/ml). In the direct labeling method, taking 0.25 ml (1 mg) stock solution dried under nitrogen gas and then added 1 ml 20 mM HEPES buffer for hydration 8 hours. The remaining stock solution was dried, hydrated 8 hours, and sonicated 10 min to form liposomes for after-loading labeling method (preformed liposomes). The labeling studies included Tc-99m direct labeling (1), Tc-99m HMPAO direct labeling (2), Tc-99m stannous chloride after-loading labeling (3), Tc-99m HMPAO after-loading labeling (4), and Tc-99m pCMVβ DNA inclusion labeling (5). The labeling efficiency (LE) was determined by thin layer chromatography. The labeled liposomes were incubated with fetal bovine serum (FBS) 30 min to evaluate their stability. Results: It is shown that LE (48%) of Tc-99m direct labeling was the highest in the five methods; however, the LE was reduced to 9% (corrected to original LE) after incubating with serum. Tc-99m may be loosely conjugated to the outer surface of the liposomes. The LE (32%) of Tc-99m HMPAO direct labeling was the second; however, LE was most stable when incubating with serum. The LE of the after-loading labeling was not better than that of

  16. Determination of radiochemical yield of 99mTc radiopharmaceutical preparations using gamma counter and linear radiochromatography scanner

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martins, Patricia de A.; Moura, Rebeca G.; Shiki, Andressa M.; Fukumori, Neuza T.O.; Matsuda, Margareth M.N.

    2013-01-01

    The radiochemical purity (RCP) evaluation is a prerequisite for radiopharmaceuticals before the administration in patients. RCP is defined as the proportion of the total radioactivity in the product that is present in the specified chemical form. The most widely used techniques for RCP determination in radiopharmaceutical preparations are thin layer chromatography (TLC-Al), instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC-SG) and paper chromatography (PC). These techniques combined with radioactivity detection are one of the most important tools in the RCP of the radiopharmaceutical compounds. Several methods are used for the determination of the spatial distribution of radioactivity on the strips. The aim of this study was to compare two methods for radioactivity measurement in the determination of RCP in 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals using gamma counter and linear radiochromatography scanner. Lyophilized radiopharmaceuticals were labeled with 99m Tc. The analysis was carried out using TLC-Al and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC-Cellulose) sheets, ITLC-SG and 3MM Whatman PC. The radioactivity distribution was determined by counting each strip during 1 minute in a radiochromatography TLC scanner. For comparison, the strips were cut into small pieces and each one was separately measured in a gamma-counter during 0.20 minutes in 70-210 KeV 99m Tc window. USP 36 and FDA specify that not less than 90% of the total radioactivity must be in the spot corresponding to 99m Tc labeled compound. In conclusion, the procedure for RCP determination of ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX500-TEC, ECD-TEC, MACRO-TEC and MIBI-TEC can be faster using radiochromatography. (author)

  17. sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate scintigraphy and colonic disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    George, A.; Merrick, M.V.; Palmer, K.R.; Millar, A.M.

    1987-01-01

    Sucralfate is an aluminium substituted disaccharide, binding at low pH to sites of ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract. Dawson et al (1985) reported that abdominal scans taken 12-24 hours after ingestion of sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate provide a range of normal appearances in healthy subjects and the pattern of ileal or colonic abnormalities in inflammatory bowel disease, surprising in view of the low binding affinity of sucralfate at ileonic pH. The authors have studied a series of 18 consecutive patients undergoing routine colonoscopy preceded by sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate scintigraphy. In vitro tests of isotope binding to parent molecule and absence of gastric mucosal uptake show that the disappointing results were not due to disruption of the sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate complex. It is suggested that labelled sucralfate attaches to luminal contents rather than adhering to mucosa, supported by the caecal 'hot spots' found in patients shown to have caecal pooling at colonoscopy and by observations that the one poorly prepared patient with pronounced faecal retention at time of endoscopy also had increased retention of radioactivity throughout the colon in the absence of mucosal abnormality. (U.K.)

  18. Sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate scintigraphy and colonic disease

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    George, A.; Merrick, M.V.; Palmer, K.R.; Millar, A.M.

    1987-09-05

    Sucralfate is an aluminium substituted disaccharide, binding at low pH to sites of ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract. Dawson et al (1985) reported that abdominal scans taken 12-24 hours after ingestion of sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate provide a range of normal appearances in healthy subjects and the pattern of ileal or colonic abnormalities in inflammatory bowel disease, surprising in view of the low binding affinity of sucralfate at ileonic pH. The authors have studied a series of 18 consecutive patients undergoing routine colonoscopy preceded by sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate scintigraphy. In vitro tests of isotope binding to parent molecule and absence of gastric mucosal uptake show that the disappointing results were not due to disruption of the sup(99m)Tc-sucralfate complex. It is suggested that labelled sucralfate attaches to luminal contents rather than adhering to mucosa, supported by the caecal 'hot spots' found in patients shown to have caecal pooling at colonoscopy and by observations that the one poorly prepared patient with pronounced faecal retention at time of endoscopy also had increased retention of radioactivity throughout the colon in the absence of mucosal abnormality. (U.K.).

  19. A study on 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin as lung imaging agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu Rongzhu; Fan Guangyu; Liu Yinmei; Bai Suzhen

    1990-01-01

    A method for the preparation of macroaggregated albumin (MAA) kits labelled with 99m Tc for lung scanning is described. The tween-80 is used as both dispersing agent and stable agent in order to raise uniformity and concentration of MAA particle size, which is between 10 to 100 μm. More than 80% particles are in the range of 10-60 μm. A millilitre MAA solution contains 5.3 x 10 6 particles. The lyophilized MAA kits are stable within eight months. The unlyophilized MAA kits are stable within 51 days. The radiochemical yield is >95% and the radiochemical purity is determined by paper chromatography. In addition, centrifuge method is used in combination with micro paper chromatography, in order to obtain the percentage of 99m Tc(IV) bound to the MAA, the percentage of unreduced 'free' 99m Tc(VII) and the percentage of reduced-hydrolyzed form of 99n Tc(IV). Blank centrifuge test of the 99m Tc(IV)-Sn colloid shows that about 85% 99m Tc(IV) is found in the supernatant solution. This method is simple and rapid. After eight hours the radiochemical purity of the labelled 99m Tc-MAA sample placed at 16 deg C and 22 deg C remains >95%. The organ distribution of LACA 18-26g mice meets the standard of the same product in the US pharmacopeia. The results of the study with rabbits by scanning with γ-camera indicate that the activity in the lung of the rabbit reaches a high level between 2-3 hours after injection. The toxic test and nonsterile and nonpyrogen test are very satisfactory and meet the standard of the Chinese pharmacopeia

  20. In vivo tumor angiogenesis imaging with site-specific labeled 99mTc-HYNIC-VEGF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blankenberg, Francis G.; Backer, Marina V.; Patel, Vimalkumar; Backer, Joseph M.; Levashova, Zoia

    2006-01-01

    We recently developed a cysteine-containing peptide tag (C-tag) that allows for site-specific modification of C-tag-containing fusion proteins with a bifunctional chelator, HYNIC (hydrazine nicotinamide)-maleimide. We then constructed and expressed C-tagged vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and labeled it with HYNIC. We wished to test 99m Tc-HYNIC-C-tagged VEGF ( 99m Tc-HYNIC-VEGF) for the imaging of tumor vasculature before and after antiangiogenic (low continuous dosing, metronomic) and tumoricidal (high-dose) cyclophosphamide treatment. HYNIC-maleimide was reacted with the two thiol groups of C-tagged VEGF without any effect on biologic activity in vitro. 99m Tc-HYNIC-VEGF was prepared using tin/tricine as an exchange reagent, and injected via the tail vein (200-300 μCi, 1-2 μg protein) followed by microSPECT imaging 1 h later. Sequencing analysis of HYNIC-containing peptides obtained after digestion confirmed the site-specific labeling of the two accessible thiol groups of C-tagged VEGF. Tumor vascularity was easily visualized with 99m Tc/VEGF in Balb/c mice with 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma 10 days after implantation into the left axillary fat pad in controls (12.3±5.0 tumor/bkg, n=27) along with its decrease following treatment with high (150 mg/kg q.o.d. x 4; 1.14±0.48 tumor/bkg, n=9) or low (25 mg/kg q.d. x 7; 1.03±0.18 tumor/bkg, n=9) dose cyclophosphamide. Binding specificity was confirmed by observing a 75% decrease in tumor uptake of 99m Tc/biotin-inactivated VEGF, as compared with 99m Tc-HYNIC-VEGF. 99m Tc can be loaded onto C-tagged VEGF in a site-specific fashion without reducing its bioactivity. 99m Tc-HYNIC-VEGF can be rapidly prepared for the imaging of tumor vasculature and its response to different types of chemotherapy. (orig.)

  1. Separation of sup(99m)Tc from 99MoO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tomicic, M.

    1977-07-01

    At the present time sup(99m)Tc is widely used in nuclear medicine and its uses are increasing. It can be produced by various methods, and of those most frequently used today two have special features making them particularly applicable to the large-scale production of instant sup(99m)Tc - these are solvent extraction with methyl-ethyl-ketone and the sublimation methods. This report presents a bibliographic review of these methods, their main perfomance parameters, and experience obtained from the development and operation of a sublimation generator. Separation of sup(99m)Tc from irradiated MoO 3 was carried out with high yields (75-95%) after multiple repetition of the separation process with molybdenum trioxide heated for half an hour at a maximum temperature of 850-890 deg C in an air flow. The activity ratio of molybdenum in the separated sup(99m)Tc was of the order of 4 x 10 -5 . (author)

  2. The method of activity determination of Tc-99m in ionization chamber

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Broda, R.

    1980-01-01

    The paper presents a method of finding the efficiency of sup(99m)Tc activity measurements in the ionization chamber, basing on 99 Mo activity measurements and the activity ratio of sup(99m)Tc to 99 Mo in 99 Mo + sup(99m)Tc solution. The activity of 99 Mo has been determined in 4πβ-γ coincidence system with liquid scintillator in β channel by means of the absolute method of two-stage coincidence. The activity ratio of sup(99m)Tc to 99 Mo has been determined by means of spectrometric method. The 99 Mo and sup(99m)Tc activities have been measured in 99 Mo + sup(99m)Tc generators, and the activity of sup(99m)Tc solution after elution has been measured. It has been shown that sup(99m)Tc activity, determined by means of the chamber method on the basis of the efficiency found, corresponds to the activity determined by means of spectrometric method, and that sup(99m)Tc activity, measured in generator before elution, is equal to the sum of sup(99m)Tc activity eluted and the one remained in generator. (author)

  3. Ciprofloxacin-99mTc: labeling and biodistribution in infection diagnostic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martins, Patricia de Andrade

    2004-01-01

    Labeling and biodistribution studies with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin were done using as radio marker Tc-99m. The aims were to optimize the labeling procedures as well as to analyze its efficacy in the diagnosis of infection sites, healthy and experimentally infected animals were employed to this purpose. On basis of optimized parameters a freeze-dried could be formulated containing 2 mg ciprofloxacin, 30 μg SnCl 2 H O and 5 mg ascorbic acid. This preparation could be easily activated by the addiction of Na 99m Tc) 4 a maximum value of 3700 MBq after a reaction time of 10 minutes only. Yield of the labeling technique higher than 95%, radiochemical stability reached 6 hours after preparation, and shelf life till 2 months was demonstrated. Biodistribution investigations revealed high renal excretion, low concentration in liver and soft tissues, along with affinity for the bacterial focus 1.7-2.4 times higher than for normal tissues. This protocol demonstrated the potential of ciprofloxacin- 99m Tcs a diagnostic agent for infections process. (author)

  4. Synthesis of 99mTc-aroylhydrazinocarbo-nylmethyliminodiacetic acids and their animal study, hepatobiliary pharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    He Yong; Zhou Xirui; Chen Shaoliang; Chen Guohui

    1994-01-01

    Based on the structure specificity of a new compound isonicotinoylhydrazino-carbonylmethyliminodiacetic acid, nine similar derivatives were synthesized by esterification of aromatic acids, followed by hydrazinolysis, and acylation with nitrilotriacetic acid. The 99m Tc-complexes of these compounds were prepared by stannous chloride reduction of sodium pertechnetate in aqueous solution at pH 6 ∼ 7. The experimental results in mice and rabbits showed that the 99m Tc-complexes all exhibited varying degrees in the uptake by the liver cells, cleared off from the blood and excreted into the biliary tract. The hepatobiliary specificity of 99m Tc-2-methoxy-5-bromobenzoylhydrazinocarbonylmethyliminodiacetic acid was the best among them. It is concluded preliminarily that the aroylhydrazinocarbonylmethyliminodiacetic acids provide to be a fruitful source for 99m Tc-labeledhepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals

  5. To the radiotoxicity of {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ftacnikova, S [Inst. of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, 83301 Bratislava (Slovakia)

    1996-12-31

    In this paper the radiotoxicity and RBE values of Auger electrons for {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals were discussed. Expression for the expected RBE for {sup 99m}Tc compounds is given. For the Auger electrons emitted in the decay of {sup 99m}Tc the RBE(Auger) = 10 and a value of 20 for the radiation weighing factor were recommended. (J.K.) 4 refs.

  6. A neutral lipophilic complex of sup(99m)Tc with a multidentate amine oxime

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Troutner, D.E.; Volkert, W.A.; Hoffman, T.J.; Holmes, R.A.

    1984-01-01

    Propylene amine oxime, 3,3'-(1,3-propanediyldiimino)bis(3-methyl-2-butanone)dioxime, (PnAO) forms a neutral lipophilic complex with sup(99m)Tc in >95% yield at room temperature at pH 5-10. The complex can be prepared with generator produced sup(99m)Tc using 10 -5 M SnC 4 H 4 O 6 as the reducing agent at ligand concentrations as low as 3 x 10 -5 M. It is stable in saline solutions for as long as 24 h. [Sup(99m)Tc]PnAO may be useful as an imaging agent which passively diffuses across the blood brain barrier. (author)

  7. Monoanionic 99mTc-tricarbonyl-aminopolycarboxylate complexes with uncharged pendant groups: Radiosynthesis and evaluation as potential renal tubular tracers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lipowska, Malgorzata; Klenc, Jeffrey; Jarkas, Nashwa; Marzilli, Luigi G; Taylor, Andrew T

    2017-04-01

    99m Tc(CO) 3 -nitrilotriacetic acid, 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA), is a new renal tubular agent with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to those of 131 I-OIH but the clearance of 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) and 131 I-OIH is still less than the clearance of PAH, the gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow. At physiological pH, dianionic 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) has a mononegative inner metal-coordination sphere and a mononegative uncoordinated carboxyl group. To evaluate alternate synthetic approaches, we assessed the importance of an uncoordinated carboxyl group, long considered essential for tubular transport, by evaluating the pharmacokinetics of three analogs with the 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) metal-coordination sphere but with uncharged pendant groups. 99m Tc(CO) 3 complexes with N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid (HDA) and N-(fluoroethyl)iminodiacetic acid (FEDA) were prepared using a tricarbonyl kit and isolated by HPLC. The pharmacokinetics were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats, with 131 I-OIH as an internal control; urine was analyzed for metabolites. Plasma protein binding and erythrocyte uptake were determined from the 10min blood samples. Re(CO) 3 (FEDA), the analog of 99m Tc(CO) 3 (FEDA), was prepared and characterized. 99m Tc(CO) 3 (ADA), 99m Tc(CO) 3 (HDA) and 99m Tc(CO) 3 (FEDA) were efficiently prepared as a single species with high radiochemical purities (>99%). These new monoanionic 99m Tc(CO) 3 tracers with uncharged dangling groups all showed rapid blood clearance and high specificity for renal excretion. Activity in the urine, as a percent of 131 I-OIH at 10 and 60min, was 96% and 99% for ADA, 96% and 100% for HDA, and 100% and 99% for FEDA, respectively. Each new tracer was excreted unchanged in the urine. The Re(CO) 3 (FEDA) structure adds compelling evidence that such 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) analogs have metal-coordination spheres identical to that of 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA). New tracers lacking the negatively

  8. Monoanionic 99mTc-tricarbonyl-aminopolycarboxylate complexes with uncharged pendant groups: Radiosynthesis and evaluation as potential renal tubular tracers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lipowska, Malgorzata; Klenc, Jeffrey; Jarkas, Nashwa; Marzilli, Luigi G.; Taylor, Andrew T.

    2017-01-01

    Introduction: 99m Tc(CO) 3 -nitrilotriacetic acid, 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA), is a new renal tubular agent with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to those of 131 I-OIH but the clearance of 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) and 131 I-OIH is still less than the clearance of PAH, the gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow. At physiological pH, dianionic 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) has a mononegative inner metal-coordination sphere and a mononegative uncoordinated carboxyl group. To evaluate alternate synthetic approaches, we assessed the importance of an uncoordinated carboxyl group, long considered essential for tubular transport, by evaluating the pharmacokinetics of three analogs with the 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) metal-coordination sphere but with uncharged pendant groups. Methods: 99m Tc(CO) 3 complexes with N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid (HDA) and N-(fluoroethyl)iminodiacetic acid (FEDA) were prepared using a tricarbonyl kit and isolated by HPLC. The pharmacokinetics were evaluated in Sprague–Dawley rats, with 131 I-OIH as an internal control; urine was analyzed for metabolites. Plasma protein binding and erythrocyte uptake were determined from the 10 min blood samples. Re(CO) 3 (FEDA), the analog of 99m Tc(CO) 3 (FEDA), was prepared and characterized. Results: 99m Tc(CO) 3 (ADA), 99m Tc(CO) 3 (HDA) and 99m Tc(CO) 3 (FEDA) were efficiently prepared as a single species with high radiochemical purities (>99%). These new monoanionic 99m Tc(CO) 3 tracers with uncharged dangling groups all showed rapid blood clearance and high specificity for renal excretion. Activity in the urine, as a percent of 131 I-OIH at 10 and 60 min, was 96% and 99% for ADA, 96% and 100% for HDA, and 100% and 99% for FEDA, respectively. Each new tracer was excreted unchanged in the urine. The Re(CO) 3 (FEDA) structure adds compelling evidence that such 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA) analogs have metal-coordination spheres identical to that of 99m Tc(CO) 3 (NTA

  9. 99Mo-99mTc production development by (n, γ) reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Izumo, Hironobu; Nishikata, Kaori; Kimura, Akihiro; Tanimoto, Masataka; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Ishihara, Masahiro; Kaminaga, Masanori

    2012-01-01

    The renewed JMTR will be started from the later half of JFY2012, and it is expected to various fields. Supply of 99 Mo in Japan depends only on imports from foreign countries. JAEA has a plan to produce 99 Mo, a parent nuclide of 99m Tc. JMTR will contribute to produce 99 Mo by (n, r) method as one of effective uses of the JMTR. In this paper, outline of the technical study items for production method of 99 Mo- 99m Tc in JMTR will be described. (author)

  10. Assessment of hepatic functional reserve for hepatic resection using {sup 99m}Tc-PMT scintigraphy in comparison with {sup 99m}Tc-GSA scintigraphy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sakuma, Atsushi [Dokkyo Univ. School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi (Japan)

    2000-03-01

    {sup 99m}Tc-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin({sup 99m}Tc-GSA) scintigraphy has been reported as a useful study of hepatic functional reserve recently. We have performed {sup 99m}Tc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyl-tryptophan({sup 99m}Tc-PMT) and {sup 99m}Tc-GSA preoperatively for evaluation of hepatic functional reserve and compared the usefulness of those scintigraphy study. Twenty-four patients who were the candidates of hepatic resection underwent {sup 99m}Tc-PMT scintigraphy preoperatively. Hepatic blood flow coefficient (K value), the amount of hepatic blood flow (HBF), and the ratio of portal blood flow (PVR) were computed. {sup 99m}Tc-GSA scintigraphy was also performed within two weeks of the {sup 99m}Tc-PMT scintigraphy, and the ratio of disappearance (HH{sub 15}) and the hepatic uptake ratio (LHL{sub 15}) were computed. The relationship between K value, HBF, PVR, HH{sub 15} and LHL{sub 15} was analyzed. Their correlation with other liver function tests was also examined. K value and HBF did not show statistically significant correlations with HH{sub 15} and LHL{sub 15}, PVR correlated statistically significantly HH{sub 15} and LHL{sub 15}. K value correlated with the preoperative values of cholinesterase, Fischer ratio, {gamma}-globulin, ICGR{sub 15}, albumin, and platelet count. There was a statistically significant correlation between LHL{sub 15} and the value of cholinesterase, {gamma}-globulin, platelet count, and Fischer ratio. When the liver resection of subsegmentectomy or more was indicated in 10 patients, nine patients had LHL{sub 15} value less than 0.9 which delineated possibility of poor prognosis. However, judging from K value and HBF, liver resection was considered feasible and it was all successfully performed, resulting in good prognosis. From this study, it is suspected that {sup 99m}Tc-GSA scintigraphy reflect the severity of liver fibrosis and the amount of portal blood flows, and {sup 99m}Tc-PMT scintigraphy

  11. Development and evaluation of electro chemical methods for the separation of Tc-99m labelled compounds of medical importance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mani, R.S.

    1978-03-01

    The preparation of sup(99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals using the electrolytic reduction of sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate was investigated. The effect of current intensity, amount of current, pH and applied voltage on the reduction of the Tc-VII and its incorporation into the radiopharmaceuticals was evaluated. The results indicate that the electrolytic method gives high and reproducible labelling yields and compounds with good radiochemical purity. Procedures for the preparation and control of the following sup(99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals were standardized by the authors: Tc-tin colloid, Tc-red blood cells, Tc-HSA, Tc-albumin microspheres, Tc-EHDP, Tc-gluconate and Tc-glucoheptonate. A portable electrolytic labelling instrument was designed for use in hospitals

  12. Complexes of technetium-99m with tetrapeptides, a new class of 99mTc-labelled agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vanbilloen, Hubert P.; Bormans, Guy M.; Roo, Michel J. de; Verbruggen, Alfons M.

    1995-01-01

    Tetrapeptides are a class of N4-tetraligands that can efficiently bind 99m Tc. In fact, tetrapeptides can be considered as derivatives of mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) in which the mercaptoacetyl moiety is replaced by a more stable and easier to handle aminoacyl group. Direct labelling of tetrapeptides with 99m Tc in alkaline medium (pH ≥ 11) in the presence of stannous ions gave a high yield (>95%) of one or two (probably isomeric) radiochemical species. Exchange labelling at different pH values in the presence of stannous tartrate resulted in lower yields of the same 99m Tc-labelled products as those formed during direct labelling. In addition, other radiochemical species were formed of which one was characterized as an oxotechnetium-complex with the cyclisized tetrapeptide. Tetrapeptides with a chiral centre in the first amino acid yield upon labelling with 99m Tc two radiochemical species, probably the two diastereomers with an oxotechnetium core respectively syn and anti with respect to the substituent on the amino acid. Only one diastereomer was observed when the chiral carbon atom is located in the second or third amino acid. Electrophoresis indicated that these new 99m Tc-labelled complexes are neutral in acidic medium and negatively charged in neutral and alkaline conditions. This correlates with a complex in which an oxotechnetium(V) group is bound to the ligand through three deprotonated nitrogen atoms of the amide functions and the free electron pair of the amine nitrogen atom. Biodistribution in mice showed for all studied 99m Tc-labelled tetrapeptides a rapid clearance from the blood mainly by the renal system. The presence of a methyl substituent in the tetrapeptide increased the urinary excretion. 99m Tc-labelledl -glycylalanylglycylglycine showed in mice a urinary excretion comparable to that of 99m Tc-MAG3. Further rise of lipophilicity by introduction of a dimethyl, isopropyl or isobutyryl group leads to increased hepatobiliary handling. It

  13. Labeling and stability of radiolabeled antibody fragments by a direct 99mTc-labeling method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pak, K.Y.; Nedelman, M.A.; Tam, S.H.; Wilson, E.; Daddona, P.E.

    1992-01-01

    The in vitro labeling and stability of 99m Tc-labeled antibody Fab' fragments prepared by a direct labeling technique were evaluated. Eight antibody fragments derived from murine IgG1 (N = 5), IgG2a (N = 2) and IgG3 (N = 1) isotypes were labeled with a preformed 99m Tc-D-glucarate complex. No loss of radioactivity incorporation was observed for all the 99m Tc-labeled antibody fragments after 24 h incubation at 37 o C. 99m Tc-labeled antibody fragments (IgG1, N = 2; IgG2a, n = 2; IgG3, N = 1) were stable upon challenge with DTPA, EDTA or acidic pH. Using the affinity chromatography technique, two of the 99m Tc-labeled antibody fragments displayed no loss of immunoreactivity after prolonged incubation in phosphate buffer up to 24 h at 37 o C. Bonding between 99m Tc and antibody fragments was elucidated by challenging with a diamide ditholate (N 2 S 2 ) compound. The Fab' with IgG2a isotype displayed tighter binding to 99m Tc in comparison to Fab' from IgG1 and IgG3 isotype in N 2 S 2 challenge and incubation with human plasma. The in vivo biodistribution of five 99m Tc-labeled fragments were evaluated in normal mice. (Author)

  14. Genotoxic effect of radio marked lymphocytes using Tc-99m complexes; Efecto genotoxico del radiomarcado de linfocitos empleando complejos de Tc-99m

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pedraza L, M.; Ferro F, G.; Mendiola C, M.T.; Morales R, P. [Instituto nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    1997-07-01

    The genotoxic effect of radio marked lymphocytes was evaluated using {sup 99m}-Tc-HMPAO and {sup 99m}-Tc- gentisic acid complexes. With the results of this work it is pretended to contribute to the knowledge of genetic and structural damages that provokes the radiation in the marked lymphocytes. The d, 1-HMPAO was synthesized in laboratory with a yielding of 30 %. The radiochemical purity of the complexes was greater than 85%. Mouse lymphocytes obtained of sanguineous volumes 2 ml were used. The radio marked efficiency of cells was 19.6 {+-} 6.4% and 25.6 {+-} 5.8% for {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO and {sup 99m} Tc gentisic acid respectively. The genotoxic effect was evaluated using the technique of Unicellular Electrophoresis in Micro gel (Comet assay). The results showed that both {sup 99m} Tc complexes produce genotoxicity due to their capacity to penetrate cells, therefore the Auger and M internal conversion electrons place all their energy obtaining doses of Gray order. (Author)

  15. Clinical evaluation of hepatic scintigraphy using 99mTc-GSA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishii, Katsumi; Nishiyama, Shogo; Nishimaki, Hiroshi; Tadokoro, Katsumi; Ikeda, Toshiaki; Matsubayashi, Takashi; Ishii, Kodo

    1992-01-01

    Functional hepatic imaging was performed using 99m Tc-DTPA-galactosyl human serum albumin ( 99m Tc-GSA), a radiolabeled ligand that reacts specifically to the asialoglycoprotein receptor that resides at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, in 21 patients: five with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 14 with compensative liver cirrhosis (LC), one with chronic inactive hepatitis and one with acute hepatitis. The former two diseases were mainly investigated. Serial liver images were acquired at the rates of 10 sec/frame for 0-5 min and 2 min/frame for 6-30 min after the injection of 99m Tc-GSA, and the images were compared with 99m Tc-phytase images in 2 patients with CAH and 11 with LC, and those with portal scintigrams using 123 I-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in 3 patients with LC. The images using 99m Tc-GSA were in better agreement with hepatic function than those using 99m Tc-phytase, and with the findings of portal scintigraphy using 123 I-IMP. LHL15 (liver/liver and heart radioactivities at 15 min after injection of 99m Tc-GSA) correlated with the hepaplastin test (r=0.978 in CAH, and r=0.544 in LC), indicators of hepatic reserve. These results suggest that liver scintigraphy using 99m Tc-GSA might be a useful method for evaluating liver function. (author)

  16. Magnesium-molybdenum compounds as matrices of generators of 99m Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jimenez M, T.S.; Monroy G, F.

    2004-01-01

    The generator system of radionuclides more diffused, and used in the world, it is the 99 Mo / 99m Tc. These use 99 Mo, product of fission of the 235 U of very high specific activity, adsorbed on alumina (0.2% of 99 Mo/gram of alumina). An alternative for the production of generators of low activity specifies, via the reaction 98 Mo(n, γ) 99 Mo, it is based on the use of compounds with molybdates base, as matrices of the generators 99 Mo / 99m Tc. In this work is proposed to develop a generator at base of compounds of magnesium molybdates that could be irradiated after its synthesis, given the short half life of the only radioisotope produced by magnesium: 27 Mg (t 1/2 = 9.46 m). In this work two parameters were studied, fundamental in the preparation of the magnesium molybdates, matrices of the generators 99 Mo / 99m Tc, and their influence in the efficiency and radionuclide purity: the washing of the gels previous to its irradiation and the molar ratio Mo:Mg. The magnesium molybdates non washing presents bigger efficiencies (72%), but they don't fulfill a smaller percentage to 0.015% of 99 Mo, neither with a radiochemical purity of 90%, except when the molar ratio Mo: Mg of 1:1.08 which provide the best results. (Author)

  17. Spent 99Mo/99mTc generator as an economical source of 99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Kolaly, M.T.

    1990-01-01

    An improved method for utilization and purification of 99 Mo from spent 90 Mo/ 99m Tc generators has been described. After washing the generator with saline to remove the generated 99m Tc, followed by 2 mL 5 M NaOH containing a few drops of H 2 O 2 , the 99 Mo was quantitatively eluted from the generator with 5 mL 5 M NaOH. The alkaline eluate containing 99 Mo was contaminated with partially dissolved alumina. In the present method, an anion-exchange resin Dowex 1 x 8 column was used for purification of 99 Mo from the contaminating alumina. The resultant 99 Mo was of high purity and contained 3+ /mL 99 Mo solution, as estimated by atomic absorption. (author)

  18. Evaluation of renal function using [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3; Comparison with [sup 123]I-OIH and [sup 99m]Tc-DTPA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Takayama, Teruhiko; Aburano, Tamio; Shuke, Noriyuki (Kanazawa Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine) (and others)

    1993-07-01

    The utility of [sup 99m]Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) was studied clinically. In the renography obtained with [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3, the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries were clearly visualized in the vascular phase. Due to less background activity and high target to background ratio, the quality of [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3 image was superior to that of [sup 123]I-OIH or [sup 99m]Tc-DTPA image. The parameters on the renogram including T[sub max], T[sub 2/3], and T[sub 1/2] were compared. The correlation of T[sub max] and T[sub 2/3] or T[sub 1/2] were not significant between [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3 and [sup 123]I-OIH. Another parameter of C[sub 20]/C[sub max], where C[sub 20] and C[sub max] are renal activities at 20 min after injection and at T[sub max] respectively, showed an excellent correlation between [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3 and [sup 123]I-OIH. Using C[sub 20]/C[sub max], pattern of renogram can be characterized numerically. Concerning the relation between C[sub 20]/C[sub max] and renogram pattern, standard renogram pattern showed the C[sub 20]/C[sub max] value of less than 0.4, while hypofunctioning pattern showed more than 0.5. The correlation coefficient between the renal uptake of [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3 and [sup 123]I-OIH was 0.880 with a correlation plot: 'Y=1.16X-0.043', where X and Y represent renal uptake of [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3 and [sup 123]I-OIH, respectively. It can be concluded that [sup 99m]Tc-MAG3 is a useful renal imaging agent as an alternative to [sup 123]I-OIH, in order to evaluate the proximal tubular function and calculate ERPF. (author).

  19. A freeze-dried kit formulation for the preparation of Lys(27)(99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC)-Exendin(9-39)/99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-Octreotide to detect benign and malignant insulinomas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Medina-García, Veronica; Ocampo-García, Blanca E; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Santos-Cuevas, Clara L; Aranda-Lara, Liliana; García-Becerra, Rocio; Ordaz-Rosado, David; Melendez-Alafort, Laura

    2015-12-01

    About 90% of insulinomas are benign and 5%-15% are malignant. Benign insulinomas express the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and low levels of somatostatin receptors (SSTR), while malignant insulinomas over-express SSTR or GLP-1R in low levels. A kit for the preparation of Lys(27)((99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC)-Exendin(9-39)/(99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)Octreotide was formulated to detect 100% of insulinomas. The formulation showed radiochemical purity of 97±1%, high stability in human serum, and GLP-1R and SSTR affinity. The biodistribution and imaging studies demonstrated properties suitable for its use as a target-specific agent for the simultaneous molecular imaging of GRP-1R- and/or SSTR-positive tumors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Development of 99mTc extraction techniques from 99Mo by (n,γ) reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kimura, Akihiro; Hori, Naohiko; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Ishihara, Masahiro; Yamabayashi, Hisamichi; Tanase, Masakazu; Fujisaki, Saburo; Sato, Yuichi

    2010-11-01

    Investigation of production method of 99 Mo by (n, γ) reaction, where the processing is relatively simple and generating less amount of radioactive waste, is conducted in the Neutron Irradiation and Testing Reactor Center. The 99 Mo is adsorbed to highly efficient adsorbent PZC after neutron irradiation and 99m Tc is eluted. However, radioactivity concentration of the 99m Tc solution obtained from PZC column loaded with 99 Mo derived by (n, γ) method is lower than that obtained from alumina column with 99 Mo by (n, f) method due to extremely low specific activity of (n, f) 99 Mo. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technique for increasing the amount of 99 Mo and the 99m Tc solution of high radioactivity concentration (minimum: 1Ci/ cm 3 ). In this study, the preliminary fabrication tests using high density MoO 3 pellets were carried out to increase the production of 99 Mo. The method of concentrating 99m Tc solution through solvent extraction with MEK was investigated and a device for this concentration process was also developed. In the preliminary tests of the MoO 3 pellets, the pellets having high density were successfully fabricated by the SPS method. Additionally, it was ascertained that the pellets can be dissolved with 6M-NaOH solution completely. The test for 99 Mo adsorption followed by 99m Tc elution using PZC was carried out. As the result, amount of Mo adsorbed to 1g-PZC was about 250mg, and 99m Tc yield was about 80%. In the concentration test using Re solution instead of 99m Tc solution, it was ascertained that the concentration efficiency is higher than 80% of the theoretical value. A concentration device for 99m Tc solution could be realized based on the method employed in the present experiments. The outcomes of development of 99m Tc extraction techniques from 99 Mo by (n,γ) reaction was reviewed in this paper, and the contents were presented in the 3rd International Symposium on Material Test Reactors. (author)

  1. Liver scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Masaaki

    1976-01-01

    Basic and clinical studies of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid (Tc-Sn-C) were made on liver scintigraphy for comparison with 198 Au-colloid in blood clearance, liver accumulation, and spleen imaging strength. Tc-Sn-C was excellent in ease of sterilization, simplicity of preparation, reduction in the exposure dose for the examiner, labeling rate, and stability, and it was effective as a drug for liver scintigraphy. The blood clearance T1/2 can be an indicator for the blood flow rate in the liver, similarly to the Au-C method. Although a decrease in the liver radioactivity after liver accumulation was observed, it was not thought to affect liver scintigraphy. A clear shadow of the liver was obtained in all cases, and there seemed to be no differences between the commercially prepared Tc-Sn-C and the Tc-Sn-C which must be prepared each time. The spleen imaging strength was thought to be effective as a supplementary diagnosis for splenic diseases. No allergic symptoms appeared immediately after examination. (Chiba, N.)

  2. Validation of an ergonomic method to withdraw [99mTc] radiopharmaceuticals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blondeel-Gomes, Sandy; Marie, Solène; Fouque, Julien; Loyeau, Sabrina; Madar, Olivier; Lokiec, François

    2017-11-10

    The main objective of the present work was to ensure quality of radiopharmaceuticals syringes withdrawn with a "Spinal needle/obturator In-Stopper" system. Methods: Visual examinations and physicochemical tests are performed at T0 and T+4h for [ 99m Tc]albumin nanocolloid and T+7h for [ 99m Tc]eluate, [ 99m Tc] HydroxyMethylene DiPhosphonate and [ 99m Tc]Human Serum Albumin. Microbiological validation was performed according to European pharmacopoeia. Fingertip radiation exposure was evaluated to confirm the safety of the system. Results: Results show stable visual and physicochemical properties. The integrity of the connector was not affected after 30 punctures (no cores). No microbiological contamination was found on tested syringes. Conclusion: The system could be used 30 times. The stability of syringes drawing with this method is guaranteed up to 4 hours for [ 99m Tc]albumin nanocolloid and 7 hours for [ 99m Tc]eluate, [ 99m Tc]HydroxyMethylene DisPhosphonate and [ 99m Tc]Human serum albumin. Copyright © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

  3. Synthesis and characterization of zirconium molybdates of 99 Mo/99m Tc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Contreras R, A.; Monroy G, F.; Diaz A, L.V.

    2002-01-01

    The zirconium molybdates are gels which are used as cation exchangers in the production of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators. The synthesis method and the characterization of these gels by thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction is presented with the purpose of finding which the factors are that influence in the efficiency of the 99m Tc production. The results show that the quantity of molecular water contained in gel, is possibly the cause of variations of the efficiencies of the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator. (Author)

  4. Comparative pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies of 99mTc-annexin V produced by different radiolabeling methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Josefina da Silva; Pujatti, Priscilla Brunelli; Couto, Renata Martinussi; Mengatti, Jair; Araujo, Elaine Bortoleti de

    2009-01-01

    The use of radiolabeled annexin A5 (ANXA5) to detect cell death in vivo has increased in the last years. Several 99m Tc-labeling techniques were reported using different cores, such as [ 99m Tc=O] +3 , [ 99m Tc]HYNIC, [ 99m Tc≡N] +2 and [Tc(CO 3 )] +1 . The goal of the present work was to evaluate the influence of 99m Tc cores in the biological behavior of radiolabeled ANXA5 in Swiss mice using [ 99m Tc=O] +3 , [ 99m Tc]HYNIC cores. Ethylenedicysteine (EC) was applied to obtain [Tc=O] +3 core, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl(succinimide) uranium tetrafluoroborate (TSTU) was employed to transfer the carboxyl group to their corresponding hydroxysuccinimide ester and HYNIC-ANXA5 was provided by National Cancer Institute-Frederick. ITLC-SG and HPLC analysis were applied to determine non-desirable products and the stability of preparations was evaluated after incubation at room temperature, 4 deg C and in human serum at 37 deg C. In vivo biodistribution and kinetics studies were performed after the intravenous injection of 99m Tc-HYNIC-ANXA5 and 99m Tc-EC-ANXA5 and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Biexp software. ANXA5 was radiolabeled at room temperature with high yield (> 95%). The results of biodistribution in mice showed, as expected, higher renal uptake of 99m Tc-HYNICANXA5 and higher liver uptake of 99m Tc-EC-ANXA5. The percent injected activity per gram (% IA/g) in liver at 0.5 hours were 6.52 and 1.09 and in kidneys were 1.59 and 32.2 for 99m Tc-EC-ANXA5 and 99m Tc-HYNICANXA5, respectively. The results of radioactivity in blood showed that both HYNIC- and EC- radiolabeled ANXA5 presented fast blood clearance. In this study two 99m Tc-ANXA5 obtained from three different available radiolabeling methods presently were investigated. Each labeling method possesses unique advantages and disadvantages. (author)

  5. Chemical and technological investigations to establish the production of 99Mo/sup(99m)Tc-Generators from uranium fission in Egypt

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Munze, R.; El-Bayoumy, S.; Mosaad, K.; Hallaba, E.

    1980-01-01

    Different possibilities to meet the current estimated demand of sup(99m)Tc for medical uses in the Arab Republic of Egypt have been investigated using irradiation and separation experiments and theoretical calculations. The investigation includes the evaluation of the real present irradiation capability of the Egyptian Research Reactor as well as pilot runs suitable technological schemes for target design and chemical processing of irradiated uranium targets. The suitability of the produced 99 Mo for the preparation of 99 Mo/sup(99m)Tc-generators has been confirmed. Separation yield (80%) as well as the radiochemical and radionuclidic purity of the sup(99m)Tc (TcO 4 98%, sup(99m)Tc 99,9%) corresponds to comparable results for similar processes cited in recent literature. The necessary requirements, related to the irradiation capability of the reactor and the demands of the radiochemical facilities, have been derived. The present work is the fruit of three months cooperation between the Agency expert and the Egyptian Counterpart

  6. Stability, protein binding and clearance studies of [99mTc]DTPA. Evaluation of a commercially available dry-kit

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rehling, M

    1988-01-01

    [99mTc]DTPA has achieved widespread use for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with the single injection plasma clearance technique and for gamma-camera renography. However, the quality of the commercial preparations varies. The purpose of the present investigation was to study...... the quality of a commercial [99mTc]DTPA preparation (C.I.S., France) with reference to stability, protein binding and accuracy of the determined plasma clearance values as a measure of GFR. The stability of the preparations was studied by thin-layer chromatography, the in vitro protein binding by Sephadex.......7% and 1.1%, respectively. The plasma clearance of [99mTc]DTPA was on an average 3.7% higher than that of [51Cr]EDTA in 27 patients. It is concluded that the [99mTc]DTPA preparation is reliable for the measurement of GFR. The preparation is stable for at least six hours at room temperature...

  7. Preparation of Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin from recombinant human albumin for lung perfusion imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hunt, A P; Frier, M; Johnson, R A; Berezenko, S; Perkins, A C

    2006-01-01

    Human serum albumin (HSA) extracted from pooled blood taken from human donors is used in the production of (99m)Tc-labelled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) for lung perfusion imaging. However, concerns for the safety of blood-derived products due to potential contamination by infective agents (e.g. new variant CJD), make alternative production methods necessary. Recombinant DNA technology is a promising method of albumin production avoiding problems associated with human-derived HSA. This paper presents results comparing MAA prepared from recombinant human albumin (rHA, Recombumin) (rMAA) with in-house produced HSA MAA (hMAA) and commercially available MAA (cMAA). (99m)Tc-MAA was prepared using previously published production methods by heating a mixture of albumin and stannous chloride in acetate buffer (pH 5.4) at 70 degrees C for 20 min. Parameters investigated include aggregate size, radiolabelling efficiency, radiochemical and aggregate stability at 4 degrees C and in vitro (in whole human blood) at 37 degrees C and biodistribution studies. Results showed that rMAA could be produced with similar morphology, labelling efficiency and stability to hMAA and cMAA. Our findings confirm that rHA shows significant potential as a direct replacement for HSA in commercially available MAA.

  8. Synthesis and comparison of 99mTc-enrofloxacin and 99mTc-ciprofloxacin.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Siaens, R.H.; Rennen, H.J.J.M.; Boerman, O.C.; Dierckx, R.A.; Slegers, G.

    2004-01-01

    The use of (99m)Tc-ciprofloxacin as a tracer for infection and inflammation has been examined and discussed in the literature extensively. Its alleged ability to discriminate between sterile inflammation and bacterial versus nonbacterial infections has led to an intense debate. Other labeled

  9. Homogeneous SLOWPOKE reactors for Mo-99/Tc-99m production in North America

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hilborn, J.W., E-mail: hilbovanw@sympatico.ca [Deep River, Ontario (Canada); Bonin, H.W. [Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario (Canada)

    2014-07-01

    The 15 month shutdown of NRU in 2009 - 2010 caused an overall isotope shortage of approximately 30%; and in North America, the annual Tc-99m demand decreased from an estimated 20 million unit doses to about 15 million unit doses. Mo-99/Tc-99m is produced from HEU targets, irradiated in NRU for 11 days, and after chemical removal of uranium it is shipped to Nordion in Kanata, Ontario. Nordion further purifies the material and sends it to Lantheus Medical Imaging in the USA for manufacture of Mo-99 generators, which are then distributed to hundreds of hospital radiopharmacies throughout North America. One other American company, Covidien, manufactures and distributes Mo-99 generators like Lantheus, but they import bulk Mo-99 from Europe or South Africa. At the hospitals, Tc-99m is chemically extracted daily from the Mo-99 generators and loaded into syringes for immediate clinical use. Fortuitously, the 66 hour half-life of Mo-99 allows the replenishment of Tc-99m in the generator over a growth period of about 20 hours; and a generator can be 'milked' daily for up to two weeks. A more efficient model is the direct production and distribution of Tc-99m unit doses to regional hospitals from 10 'industrial' radiopharmacies located at existing licensed reactor sites in North America. A 20 kW homogeneous SLOWPOKE reactor at each site would deliver 15 litres of irradiated uranyl sulphate fuel solution daily to industrial-scale hot cells for extraction of Mo-99, which would be incorporated in large Mo-99/Tc-99m generators for extraction of Tc-99m five days a week; and the Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) would be recycled. Each automated hot-cell facility would be designed to load up to 7,000 Tc-99m syringes daily, for courier delivery to all of the Nuclear Medicine hospitals within a 3 hour average range by road transport. Typically, the delivered doses would be in the range 10 to 30 mCi. Assuming an average unit dose of 25 mCi at the hospital and 5 x 52

  10. Labeling bombesin-like peptide with 99mTc via hydrazinonicotinamide. Description of optimized radiolabeling conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yurt Lambrecht, F.; Durkan, K.; Bayrak, E.

    2010-01-01

    Bombesin (BNN)-like peptides have very high binding affinity for the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor. The goal of the current study was to optimize the labeling conditions of a new 99m Tc-radiolabeled BNN-like peptide based on the bifunctional chelating ligand HYNIC using different co-ligands (EDDA and tricine). The radiolabeling conditions (pH, amount of co-ligand, amount of stannous chloride, temperature and reaction time) for newly-formed 99m Tc-tricine-HYNIC-Q-Litorin and 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-Q-Litorin were optimized and evaluated by RHPLC and RTLC. Radiochemical yields for 99m Tc-tricine-HYNIC-Q-Litorin and 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-Q-Litorin were 98.0 ± 1.7 and 97.5 ± 2.5%, respectively. When EDDA was used as co-ligand, the labeling of 99m Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-Q-Litorin was optimal in the following reaction mixture: HYNIC-peptide: EDDA: 10 μg/5 mg, pH 3, SnCl 2 concentration: 12 μg/0.1 mL, reaction temperature: 100 deg C, reaction time: 15 min. Besides, the optimum conditions were HYNIC-peptide:tricine: 10 μg/50 mg, pH 5, SnCl 2 concentration: 12 μg/0.1 mL, reaction temperature: 100 deg C, reaction time: 15 min for preparing 99m Tc-tricine-HYNIC-Q-Litorin. The manufactured 99m Tc-HYNIC-Q-Litorin conjugates may offer new possibilities for imaging cancer cells expressing bombesin receptors. (author)

  11. Experimental study of per-rectal portal scintigraphy using 99mTc-EHIDA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tamaki, Satoshi; Shinotsuka, Akira; Takenaka, Hiroki

    1991-01-01

    We discovered that 99m Tc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid ( 99m Tc-EHIDA) commonly used for hepatobiliary scintigraphy could also be administered per-rectally, with adequate absorption and optimal visualization of the portal system. To evaluate its usefulness, we experimented on rabbits using the method. Portal scintigraphy with rectal administration of 99m Tc-EHIDA, 123 I-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine ( 123 I-IMP) and 99m Tc-red blood cell ( 99m Tc-RBC) were performed in normal rabbits and in extrahepatic portal shunt model rabbits. Images of the liver and thorax were obtained and shunt indices were calculated from the count values of liver and lung or heart. Then the shunt indices were compared with shunt rate derived from direct injection of 99m Tc-macroaglutinated albumin ( 99m Tc-MAA) into inferior mesenteric vein. Correlation between shunt rate of 99m Tc-MAA and shunt indices of 99m Tc-RBC, 123 I-IMP and 99m Tc-EHIDA were 0.64, 0.75 and 0.78, respectively, with 99m Tc-EHIDA having the most favorable results. We concluded that 99m Tc-EHIDA per-rectal portal scintigraphy is a noninvasive, quantitative, inexpensive and simple method for evaluation of portal circulation system. Also, we think that this method would be applicable to human usage from our experience with normal volunteers. (author)

  12. 99mTc labelled peptides for imaging of peripheral receptors. Final report of a co-ordinated research project. 1995-1999

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2001-04-01

    99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals have remained the workhorse of diagnostic nuclear medicine over the last three decades ever since the introduction of the gamma camera as the main imaging instrument. Due to the near ideal nuclear properties such as gamma energy, half-life, lack of beta radiation and easy availability as a convenient generator system at an affordable cost of 99m Tc, it can be reasonably anticipated that 99m Tc will continue to retain this position in the foreseeable future. To a large extent this has been possible because of the successful development, over the years, of 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals as substitutes for other clinically well established agents. Examples of these success stories are 99m Tc substitutes for 131 I hippuran and rose bengal 201 Tl and 123 I brain perfusion agents, which have come to be known collectively as 'second generation 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals'. It should be acknowledged that each one of these developments was a result of innovative and sustained research and development efforts by scientists from different parts of the world. Concurrently these research efforts have made significant contributions to better understanding of the radiochemistry and co-ordination chemistry of 99m Tc. The radiopharmaceutical scientists are now in a much better position to design, prepare and evaluate 99m Tc complexes for specific applications. Building on this capability, the next step is development of 99m Tc substitutes for receptor specific radiopharmaceuticals, which have established clinical potential. Efforts in this direction are already ongoing and the work during the last decade on 99m Tc labelling of monoclonal antibodies can be considered the beginning of these 'third generation 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals'. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had organized two co-ordinated research projects (CRPs) in the past covering 99m Tc second generation agents and 99m Tc monoclonal antibodies, and the results were published in

  13. Synthesis and characterization of zirconium molybdates of {sup 99} Mo/{sup 99m} Tc generators; Sintesis y caracterizacion de molibdatos de zirconio de generadores {sup 99} Mo/{sup 99m} Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Contreras R, A.; Monroy G, F.; Diaz A, L.V. [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2002-07-01

    The zirconium molybdates are gels which are used as cation exchangers in the production of {sup 99} Mo/{sup 99m} Tc generators. The synthesis method and the characterization of these gels by thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction is presented with the purpose of finding which the factors are that influence in the efficiency of the {sup 99m} Tc production. The results show that the quantity of molecular water contained in gel, is possibly the cause of variations of the efficiencies of the {sup 99} Mo/{sup 99m} Tc generator. (Author)

  14. Significance of delayed /sup 99m/Tc-PMT scintigraphy in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparison between /sup 99m/Tc-PMT and /sup 67/Ga-citrate scintigraphy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hasegawa, Yoshihisa; Nakano, Shunichi; Hashizume, Terumi and others

    1985-03-01

    The usefulness of delayed hepatobiliary imaging with /sup 99m/Tc-PMT in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was studied in 30 patients with histologically verified hepatocellular carcinoma. Of 30 patients, delayed /sup 99m/Tc-PMT images showed 13 patients (43 %) of increased radioactivity and 4 (13 %) of equilibrated radioactivity in carcinoma as compared with that in the surrounding normal liver tissues. Furthermore, 3 of 6 patients who showed no filling defects in /sup 99m/Tc-Sn colloid liver images, showed increased uptake of radioactivity in carcinoma in delayed /sup 99m/Tc-PMT images. These results suggest that the complementary use of delayed /sup 99m/Tc-PMT imaging to /sup 99m/Tc-Sn colloid liver imaging is useful for detecting hepatoma lesions. The hepatic lesions were positively visualized on /sup 99m/Tc-PMT and/or /sup 67/Ga-citrate images in 21 (70 %) of 30 patients. These results indicate that use of delayed /sup 99m/Tc-PMT and /sup 67/Ga-citrate imaging in combination is useful for positive visualization of hepatocellular carcinoma.

  15. Hepatobiliary scanning using /sup 99m/Tc--pyridoxylideneglutamate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matolo, N.M.; Stadalnik, R.C.; Wolfman, E.F. Jr.

    1977-01-01

    Technetium 99m-pyridoxylideneglutamate (99mTc-PG) administered intravenously is excreted by hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi and enters the gallbladder through the cystic duct and consequently, can be used for scanning the hepatobiliary ductal system. A total of 166 patients representing 27 normal subjects, 84 patients referred for investigation for pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and 55 jaundiced patients were evaluated with 99mTc-PG. In normal human volunteers, the agent reached the liver in five minutes, and the common bile duct, gallbladder, and duodenum within 15 minutes. Satisfactory images of the hepatobiliary tract were obtained using small dosages of 99mTc-PG. The gallbladder was not visualized when the cystic duct was occluded. In the presence of acute cholecystitis, cystic duct obstruction, or in chronic cholecystitis where other roentgenographic studies showed a nonfunctioning gallbladder, there was no concentration of 99mTc-PG in the gallbladder. In partial common bile duct obstruction, distended common bile duct was visualized along with delay in transit of radioactivity into the duodenum. Complete common bile duct obstruction was associated with no radioactivity in either the biliary or the gastrointestinal tracts up to 24 hours after injection. Hepatocellular disease was characterized by delayed liver clearance and delayed visualization of biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. 99mTc-PG scanning proved capable of differentiating betweenhepatocellular disease and extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction

  16. Novel Tc-99m radiotracers for brain imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Boschi

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available A novel class of Tc-99m complexes able to cross the blood brain barrier has been investigated and described here. These compounds are formed by reacting the bis-substituted nitrido precusors [99mTc(N(PS2] (PS = phosphino-thiol ligand with triethylborane (BEt3 under strictly anhydrous conditions and using non-aqueous solvents. The molecular structure of these tracers was not fully established, but preliminary experimental evidence suggests that they result from the interaction of the Lewis base [99mTc(N(PS2] with the Lewis acid BEt3, which leads to the formation of the novel -B-Nº Tc- adduct. After purification and recovery in a physiological solution, the new borane-nitrido Tc-99m derivatives were injected in rats for evaluating their in vivo biological behavior. Results showed a significant accumulation in brain tissue, thus indicating that these complexes are capable of penetrating the intact blood brain barrier. Uptake in the central nervous system was confirmed by imaging the distribution of activity on the integrated living animal using a YAP(SSPECT small animal scanner.Uma nova classe de complexos de Tc-99m capazes de atravessar a barreira hemato-encefálica foi investigada e descrita neste trabalho. Estes compostos são formados reagindo os precursores bissubstituídos do nitrido [99mTc(N(PS2] (PS = phosphino-tiol ligante com trietillborano (BEt3 sob restritas condições anidras e usando solventes não aquosos. A estrutura molecular desses traçadores não foi totalmente estabelecida, mas evidências experimentais preliminares sugerem que eles resultam da interação da base de Lewis [99mTc(N(PS2] com o ácido de Lewis BEt3, levando a formação do novo aducto -B-Nº Tc-. Após purificação e recuperação em uma solução fisiológica, os novos derivados borano-nitrido-Tc-99m foram injetados em ratos para avaliação de seu comportamento biológico in vivo. Os resultados mostraram uma acumulação significativa no tecido cerebral

  17. Studies on the porphine labeled with 99mTc-pertechnetate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ai-Yih Wang; Jiunn-Liang Lin; Wen-Chieh Lin

    2010-01-01

    The aim of this research is to use acetylacetonate as a 99m Tc chelating agent label with porphyrin and evaluate its radiochemical and biological characteristics. Stannous chloride was used as a reductant to determine the chemical and biological characterization of 99m Tc-complexes from labeling porphine (4',4'',4'''-(2lH,23H-Porphine-5,10,15,20-terayl)tetrakis-(benzoic acid), TPPB) with 99m Tc-pertechnetate. Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), paper electrophoresis, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry were used to evaluate chemical characterization. Finally, biodistribution and liver function tests were applied to evaluate biological characteristics. The results of this study show that the labeling efficiency of 99m Tc(acac)-TPPB was nearly 100% when using acetylacetone (acac) as a conjugator. Three major 99m Tc(acac)-TPPB complexes were separated by SEC, and all of them were hydrophilic. The UV-Vis spectra of 99m Tc(acac)-TPPB complexes closely resembled those of the TPPB, but the wave lengths of their peaks changed 430, 521, 556, 591 and 647 nm after complexation. The biodistribution study selected the liver as the target organ. The 99m Tc(acac)-TPPB complex may cause short-term liver injury. However, this injury can be repaired, and the reagent is quickly metabolized. Hence, the toxicity of the 99m Tc(acac)-TPPB complex is within an acceptable range, and making it a promising liver imaging agent. (author)

  18. The comparison of Tc99m-pertechnetate/mibi subtraction and double phase Tc99m-mibi techniques in parathyroid imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bilkay, Ue.; Erinc, R.; Karapolat, I.; Kumanlioglu, K.

    2001-01-01

    Experienced parathyroid surgeons can localize nearly %90-95 of the abnormal parathyroid glands with total thyroid bed exploration. For this reason, for the first surgical exploration preoperative imaging of the gland could be considered unnecessary. However, localization of the abnormal parathyroid tissue preoperatively could be beneficial in ectopic adenomas which consists %20 of all adenomas and also in shortening surgical procedure in single adenomas with the use of unilateral exploration. Re-exploration after an unsuccessful surgery is the most widely accepted indication for parathyroid imaging. Today, although Tc99m-MIBI is the accepted radionuclide with the advantages of giving better image quality with lower radiation dose over Tl-201, for imaging hyper functioning parathyroid tissue, there is no consensus on the ideal imaging protocol. Single-tracer double-phase imaging (STDP) and dual-tracer subtraction technique (Tc99m-pertechnetate/Tc99m-MIBI) (DTST) are proposed protocols using Tc99m-MIBI. The aim of this ongoing study is; to compare STDP imaging with DTST and to compare sensitivity of pinhole and high resolution parallel hole images in STDP protocol

  19. Performance of Tc-99m generator prepared with Mo adsorbent PZC and irradiated nature MoO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Yishu

    2006-01-01

    This paper describes the technical process of Tc-99m generator prepared with reactor actived Mo-99 and PZC and the performance of the generator was also reported. Two generators were prepared with different batch of PZC and by different technical process. The results show that the adsorption rate was ∼65% and the adsorption efficiency of 99 Mo can be seriously affected by the adsorption process (the temperature, intensity and frequency of shaking and the PZC volume in solution etc.). The elution efficiency was 43-73%. The Mo breakthrough 1.2 - 16% without safe column and its can be decreased to be very low by connecting a hydrate zirconia (HZO) safe column. (author)

  20. Scintigraphic visualization of extrahepatic portal circulation in patients with portal hypertension using /sup 99m/Tc-tin-colloid and /sup 99m/Tc-HIDA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Al-Hussoni, M H; Jasim, M N; Shubbar, A H

    1985-01-01

    Rapid dynamic sequential scintigraphy of the abdomen with /sup 99m/Tc-tin-colloid and /sup 99m/Tc-HIDA has been used to evaluate two patients with portal hypertension. /sup 99m/Tc-tin-colloid was useful for visualization of diliated vessels in the abdomen. Radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging was useful in such cases in evaluation of the hepatobiliary system.

  1. Biokinetics and dosimetric studies about 99mTc(V)DMSA distribution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Correia, M.B.L.; Magnata, S.S.L.P.; Silva, I.M.S.; Lima, F.F.; Catanho, M.T.J.A.

    2008-01-01

    Research for radiodiagnostic agents should considerate biological critical parameters as half-life effective, target/not target uptake ratio and metabolites that together will determinate the biokinetic. Each parameter give own contribution in the absorbed dose. The dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) labeled with 99m Tc(VN) is a radiopharmaceutical which has well established role in medullar thyroid carcinoma and has been proposed in complementary evaluation of bone metastasis. The aim of this work was study the biokinetics and dosimetry of 99m Tc(V)-DMSA by animal model. The 99m Tc(V)-DMSA was prepared by (III)DMSA kit alkalized. The methodology used mice, 70 days old, both males and females. The animals (n=5) received 99m Tc(V)DMSA administered IV (tail vein). After determinate times (30 min, 1h, 5h and 12h) the animals were sacrificed, the organs (blood, lungs, kidneys, muscle and bone) were excised and the activities were measured by a gamma counter. The results were evaluated based on %activity/g and the absorbed dose was estimated by extrapolation of data from animal to human, using the residence time to each organ in the MIRDOSE 3.0 program. The results show that the majority of organs reaches the top uptake at 30 min, the kidney has the greatest uptake in this time, (4.81 ± 1.38) % activity per gram, while the bone presents its highest uptake at 1h (5.49 ± 0.47)% activity per gram, after 1h all the organs had activity exponential decrease. About the absorbed dose estimated to human scale, the preliminary results showed higher value to bone, being the soft tissue dose relatively low. These dose values, however, are submitted to biological implications which are under studying yet. The biokinetic profile of 99m Tc(V)-DMSA, prepared from a DMSA kit by IPEN, was well established, allowing quantifying of residence time, while the dosimetric model presented preliminary data which directs to new analyzes

  2. Indications for pediatric 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic-scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meller, J.; Becker, W.; Zappel, H.

    2000-01-01

    This paper gives an overview about the diagnostic use of 99m Tc-Dimercaptosuccinic ( 99m Tc-DMSA)-scintigraphy in siblings and children and presents our own results with this tracer in pediatric nephro-urology. 99m Tc-DMSA offers a high renal accumulation and therefore is suited for the diagnosis of renal malformations. Furthermore, a calculation of the tubular renal split function and imaging of the renal cortex is possible due its high tubular retention. The tracer may be used with success in the non invasive diagnostic work up of both renoparenchymal and renovascular hypertension in childhood and especially in the diagnosis of segmental renal artery stenosis. Scintigraphy with 99m Tc-DMSA is a simple and highly effective method in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis and renal scarring. It offers important informations about the further prognosis of a child with urinary tract infection. In upper urinary tract infection 99m Tc-DMSA-scintigraphy may be more specific than available clinical tests. In the diagnosis of pyelonephritis and renal scarring scintigraphic imaging has been proven to be more sensitive than pyelography and ultrasound and its diagnostic power is at least equal compared with computed tomography. Therefore, imaging with 99m Tc-DMSA can be considered as the reference method in these questions. Regarding that reflux is seen in less than 40% of children with a pathologic DMSA-scan and that the prognosis of children with an urinary tract infection without a pathologic DMSA-scan is usually good, one could question the use of micturating cystourethrography in the diagnostic work up of children with symptomatic urinary tract infection and a normal DMSA-scan. (orig.) [de

  3. Hypoxia-induced redox alterations and their correlation with 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-HL-91 uptake in colon cancer cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abrantes, Ana Margarida; Silva Serra, Maria Elisa; Goncalves, Ana Cristina; Rio, Joana; Oliveiros, Barbara; Laranjo, Mafalda; Rocha-Gonsalves, Antonio Manuel; Sarmento-Ribeiro, Ana Bela; Filomena Botelho, Maria

    2010-01-01

    Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the Western world and is an example of a solid tumour in which hypoxia is a common feature and develops because of the inability of the vascular system to supply adequate amounts of oxygen to growing tumours. Hypoxia effects on tumour cell biology can be detected and characterized using different methods. The use of imaging with γ-emitting radionuclides to detect hypoxic tissue was first suggested by Chapman in 1979 [N Engl J Med 301 (1979) 1429-1432]. 99m Tc-4,9-diaza-3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecan-2,11-dione dioxime, also known as 99m Tc-HL-91, has been among the most studied hypoxia markers. The objective of this study was to correlate the uptake of 99m Tc-HL-91 and 99m Tc-MIBI in colon cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and to compare this information with some parameters such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of the cells analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results show that the in vitro 99m Tc-HL-91 uptake is higher in hypoxic conditions, which is confirmed by the decreased uptake of 99m Tc-MIBI. Flow cytometry results demonstrate that hypoxic conditions used are not enough to induce cellular death, but are responsible for the alterations in the intracellular redox environment, namely, increase of ROS production, proteic pimonidazol-derived adduct formation and alteration in the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Therefore, these results confirm that 99m Tc-HL-91 is a radiopharmaceutical with favourable characteristics for detecting hypoxia.

  4. Synthesis, formulation of nucleo-equipment and biological studies of the {sup 99m} Tc-MAG{sub 3}; Sintesis, formulacion de nucleo-equipos y estudios biologicos de la {sup 99m} Tc-MAG{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reyes H, L; Lezama C, J; Ferro F, G

    1991-10-15

    Technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyl glycylglycylglycine ({sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3}) is introduced to replace o-iodohippurate (OIH) for renal function studies. In this paper we present the synthesis, labelling and biological evaluation of {sup 99m}Tc- MAG{sub 3} prepared in our laboratory. The precursor s-benzoyl-mercaptoacetyl glycyl glycylglycine (Bz-MAG{sub 3} ) was synthesized by condensation of glycylglycylglycine with chloroacetyl chloride to obtain chloroacetyl glycylglycylglycine and this product was condensate with sodium thiobenzoate. The Bz-MAG{sub 3} was characterized by IR and NMR. The labelling with {sup 99m}Tc was carried out at pH 9.0 using stannous chloride as a reducing agent with heating to boiling for 15 min. The benzoyl group is lost in this step, forming {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} complex with radiochemical purity of 99%. The biodistribution properties were evaluated in mice and a rapid renal extraction was apparent at the 10 minutes value (51.65% of the injected dose). The radiotracer was administered to 5 patients showing a good biological behavior. Based on these results, the {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} is expected to have widespread clinical utility in Mexico. (Author)

  5. The development of 99mTc-d, 1-HM-PAO

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bai Lanqin; Huang Jinjie; Fan Li; Bai Suzhen; Li Guoli; Jing Hui; Xiao Lun

    1991-12-01

    The 99m Tc-d,1-HM-PAO is an ideal radiopharmaceutical for regional cerebral blood perfusion imaging. The improvement of synthesis and separation of diastereoisomers leads to obtain high purity (>99%) of d, 1-HM-PAO and meso-HM-PAO. During separation H NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the relative composition of these two diastereoisomers that can ensure the purity of pligand of d,1-HM-PAO. The intravenous injection of 99m Tc-d,1-HM-PAO was formed by adding fresh 99m Tc washing liquor into a sterile. Pyrogen-free and freeze-dried vial. The radiochemical purity (RCP) of 99m Tc-d,1-HM-PAO was greater than 80%. From the experiments of 99m Tc-d,1-HM-PAO in mice, after two minutes of intravenously (I>V>) administration about 2.24% of injected dose (I.D.)appeared in the brain, and after 24 hours about 72% of radioactivity of injected dose still left in the brain. But for the 99m Tc-meso-HM-PAO after two minutes of i.v. administration, about 1.93% of I.D. appeared in the brain, and 24 hours later, 25% of radioactivity of I.D. was in the brain. This result shows that in the brain the radioactivity of 99m Tc-meso-HM-PAO declines faster than that of 99m Td-d,1-HM-PAO

  6. A modified Tc-99m-phytate colloid for liver-spleen imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Davis, M.A.; Kaplan, M.L.; Ahnberg, D.S.; Cole, C.N.

    1977-01-01

    The results of a comparison of the in vivo biologic properties of sup(99m)Tc-stannous phytate and sup(99m)Tc-stannous phytate precipitated in vitro by the addition of calcium ion, undertaken because of an interest in increasing the splenic uptake of sup(99m)Tc-phytate to a level similar to that obtained with sup(99m)Tc-sulfur colloid, are reported. It was found that: (1) The similarity in the organ distribution values of sup(99m)Tc-phytate and sup(99m)Tc-sulfur colloid is species related (rodents) and decreased splenic uptake of the phytate colloid is found in other primates and man. (2) The gamma scintillation camera with computer region of interest capability is an extremely useful technique for studying the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radiodiagnostic agents in primates, where the cost of the animals prohibits the use of the sequential sacrifice technique. (3) The addition of calcium ion to the sup(99m)Tc-phytate complex produces an in vitro colloid with a particle size and biologic distribution very similar to that obtained with sup(99m)Tc-sulfur colloid. (U.K.)

  7. Multicenter trial validation of a camera-based method to measure Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine, or Tc-99m MAG3, clearance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taylor, A; Manatunga, A; Morton, K; Reese, L; Prato, F S; Greenberg, E; Folks, R; Kemp, B J; Jones, M E; Corrigan, P E; Galt, J; Eshima, L

    1997-07-01

    To evaluate an improved camera-based method for calculating the clearance of technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) in a multicenter trial. Tc-99m MAG3 scintigraphy was performed in 49 patients at three sites in the United States and Canada. The percentage of the injected dose of Tc-99m MAG3 in the kidney at 1-2, 1.0-2.5, and 2-3 minutes after injection was correlated with the plasma-based Tc-99m MAG3 clearances. The data were combined with the results obtained in 20 additional patients in a previously published pilot study. Regression models correlating the plasma-based Tc-99m MAG3 clearance with the percentage uptake in the kidney for each time interval were developed; there was no statistically significant difference among sites in the regression equations. Correction for body surface area statistically significantly (P time interval. For the 1.0-2.5-minute interval, the body surface area-corrected correlation coefficient for the four combined sites was .87, and it improved to .93 when one outlier was omitted from the analysis. Similar results were obtained with the other time intervals. Independent processing by two observers showed no clinically important differences in the percentage dose in the kidney or in relative function. An improved camera-based method to calculate the clearance of Tc-99m MAG3 was validated in a multicenter trial.

  8. Renal imaging with a new agent sup(99m)Tc-d1-DMS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanaka, A.

    1980-01-01

    By using sup(99m)-Tc-d1 DMS labeled with 99 m-Tc using stannous chloride and prepared with freeze-dried d1-DMS containing a 3:1 molar ratio of DMS and Sn +2 the effect of stereochemical factor of DMS on kidney affinity, renal images, blood clearance, urinary excretion was studied in experimental animals and two normal volunteers and 75 patients. The comparation revealed a quite similar formation of complex II from d1-DMS to that from the meso-form, judge from its absorption spectra and absorption behavior into the gel. The stereochemical difference of DMS is not a critical factor for the formation of the sup(99m)-Tc-DMS complex with high affinity for the kidney, although it is believed that the renal accumulation of Tc-complex will depend greatly on chemical configuration of the complex. (APR)

  9. Evaluation of renal function using 99mTc-MAG3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takayama, Teruhiko; Aburano, Tamio; Shuke, Noriyuki

    1993-01-01

    The utility of 99m Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) was studied clinically. In the renography obtained with 99m Tc-MAG3, the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries were clearly visualized in the vascular phase. Due to less background activity and high target to background ratio, the quality of 99m Tc-MAG3 image was superior to that of 123 I-OIH or 99m Tc-DTPA image. The parameters on the renogram including T max , T 2/3 , and T 1/2 were compared. The correlation of T max and T 2/3 or T 1/2 were not significant between 99m Tc-MAG3 and 123 I-OIH. Another parameter of C 20 /C max , where C 20 and C max are renal activities at 20 min after injection and at T max respectively, showed an excellent correlation between 99m Tc-MAG3 and 123 I-OIH. Using C 20 /C max , pattern of renogram can be characterized numerically. Concerning the relation between C 20 /C max and renogram pattern, standard renogram pattern showed the C 20 /C max value of less than 0.4, while hypofunctioning pattern showed more than 0.5. The correlation coefficient between the renal uptake of 99m Tc-MAG3 and 123 I-OIH was 0.880 with a correlation plot: 'Y=1.16X-0.043', where X and Y represent renal uptake of 99m Tc-MAG3 and 123 I-OIH, respectively. It can be concluded that 99m Tc-MAG3 is a useful renal imaging agent as an alternative to 123 I-OIH, in order to evaluate the proximal tubular function and calculate ERPF. (author)

  10. PEGylated N-methyl-S-methyl dithiocarbazate as a new reagent for the high-yield preparation of nitrido Tc-99m and Re-188 radiopharmaceuticals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boschi, Alessandra, E-mail: alessandra.boschi@unife.i [Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara (Italy); Massi, Alessandro [Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara (Italy); Uccelli, Licia; Pasquali, Micol; Duatti, Adriano [Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara (Italy)

    2010-11-15

    A novel nitrido nitrogen atom donor for the preparation of {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re radiopharmaceuticals containing a metal-nitrogen multiple bond is presented. HO{sub 2}C-PEG{sub 600}-DTCZ was obtained by conjugation of N-methyl-S-methyl dithiocarbazate [H{sub 2}N-N(CH{sub 3})-C({identical_to}S)SCH{sub 3}, HDTCZ] with polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG{sub 600}). Asymmetrical heterocomplexes of the type [M(N)(PNP)(B)]{sup 0/+} (M={sup 99m}Tc, {sup 188}Re; PNP=diphosphine ligands, B=DBODC, DEDC, NSH, H{sub 2}OS, CysNAc, HDTCZ) and symmetrical nitride compounds of the type [M(N)(L){sub 2}] (L=DEDC, DPDC) have been prepared in high yield by using the newly designed nitride nitrogen atom donor HO{sub 2}C-PEG{sub 600}-DTCZ. A two-step procedure was applied for preparing the above symmetrical and asymmetrical complexes. The first step involved the preliminary formation of a mixture of nitride Tc-99m or Re-188 precursors, which contained the [M{identical_to}N]{sup 2+} core, through reduction of generator-eluted {sup 99m}Tc-pertechnetate or {sup 188}Re-perrhenate with thin (II) chloride in the presence of HO{sub 2}C-PEG{sub 600}-DTCZ. In the second step, the intermediate mixture was converted either in the final mixed asymmetrical complex by the simultaneous addition of diphosphine ligand and the suitable bidentate ligand B, or in the final symmetrical complex by the only addition of the bidentate ligand L. It was also demonstrated that the novel water-soluble nitride nitrogen atom donor HO{sub 2}C-PEG{sub 600}-DTCZ did not show coordinating properties toward the M{identical_to}N ({sup 99m}Tc, {sup 188}Re) core. Biodistribution studies in rats of the hitherto unreported [{sup 99m}Tc(N)(PNP{sub 3})DTCZ]{sup +} and [{sup 99m}Tc(N)(PNP{sub 5})DTCZ]{sup +} complexes showed that they selectively localize in the myocardium of rats with a favourable heart-to-lung and heart-to-liver uptake ratios. In particular, the heart-to-lung and heart-to-liver uptake ratios dramatically

  11. 99mTc-monoclonal antibody radiolabeled via hydrazino nicotinamide derivative for imaging disialoganglioside GD2-positive tumors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fonti, Rosa; Cheung, N.-K.V.; Bridger, Gary J.; Guo, H.-F.; Abrams, Michael J.; Larson, Steven M.

    1999-01-01

    3F8 is a murine IgG 3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) selective for the ganglioside G D2 . Previous studies using 131 I-3F8 have shown great potential in the imaging of neuroectodermal tumors and the therapy of human neuroblastoma. 131 I is commonly used in radioimmunodiagnosis, but its relatively long half-life (8 days) and its high energy γ-emission (364 KeV) are suboptimal for imaging purposes when compared with 99m Tc (6 h and 140 KeV, respectively). To label 3F8 with 99m Tc, the antibody was first coupled with a heterobifunctional linker, succinimidyl-6-hydrazinonicotinate hydrochloride (SHNH), obtaining a hydrazinonicotinamide-antibody conjugate. Using 99m Tc-Tricine as the precursor complex, 3F8-SHNH was coupled efficiently to 99m Tc, resulting in >90% radiometal incorporation, with a specific activity >10 mCi/mg and retaining full immunoreactivity. Immunoscintigraphy at 6, 22, and 46 h after intravenous injection of 1 mCi of 99m Tc-3F8 showed selective neuroblastoma localization in xenografted nude mice, comparable to that obtained with the injection of 100 μCi of 131 I-3F8. Biodistribution studies of 131 I-3F8 and 99m Tc-3F8 in mice demonstrated comparable %ID/g uptake in tumor (with a T/B ratio: ∼2.5 at 24 h and ∼3.5 at 48 h) and normal organs, including blood, except for spleen and liver which had about a three times higher uptake of the 99m Tc conjugate. In conclusion, 99m Tc can be coupled conveniently at high specific activity to 3F8 without compromising immunoreactivity. SHNH appears to be a useful linker for 99m Tc in tumor diagnostic imaging and may have potential utility in coupling other radioisotopes (e.g., 94m Tc) for positron imaging and therapy

  12. Effect of the mobile phase on the RP-HPLC analysis of 99mTc-ECD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Almeida, Erika V.; Monteiro, Elisiane G.; Mengatti, Jair; Fukumori, Neuza T.O.; Silva, Constancia P.G. da; Matsuda, Margareth M.N.

    2009-01-01

    Technetium-99m labeled L,L-ethylene cysteine dimer ( 99m Tc-ECD) is a neutral, lipophilic complex and brain perfusion imaging agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mobile phase on the reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis of 99m Tc-ECD. The HPLC system was LC20AT Prominence model and a Shim-Pack VP-ODS column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm). 99m Tc-ECD was prepared by adding 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl, 1 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and 1 mL of Na 99m TcO 4 . The radioactive concentration was 55.5 MBq mL -1 . 20 μL sample volume was injected and 1.0 mL min -1 flow rate was applied. A linear gradient was performed separately with a mixture of ethanol with three different solvents: 12.5 mmol L -1 phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) (solvent A), 0.2 % PIC A (w/v) (pH 6.0) (solvent B) and 0.2 % PIC B5 (w/v) (pH 4.0) (solvent C). 99m Tc-ECD retention times for the mixture of ethanol with solvent A, B and C were 17.38, 17.65 and 17.60 minutes, respectively. These results suggested that the ion pairing reagents (PIC A and PIC B5) did not influence the 99m Tc-ECD analysis, but affected the retention time of impurities as 99m Tc-EC (ethylene dicysteine) and 99m TcO 4 -. 99m Tc-ECD radiochemical purity determined by RP-HPLC was higher than 96% for the mixture of ethanol with the three solvents. The results indicated that the retention time of 99m Tc-ECD was not influenced by the nature of the mobile phase. (author)

  13. Labelling and quality control of 99mTc labelled somatostatin analogues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poramatikul, N.; Sangsuriyan, J.; Kongpeth, P.; Ngamprayad, T.; Laloknam, S.; Permtermsin, C.; Madsomboon, N.

    2001-01-01

    To standardize interlaboratory reproducibility, iodination of RC-160 with 125 I and direct labelling of RC-160 with 99m Tc, quality control and binding assay were performed. Two conjugated peptides, HYNIC-RC-160 and MAG-3-RC-160, were synthesized. The conjugated peptides were radiolabelled with 99m Tc via co-ligands; 99m Tc-MAG-3-RC-160 via glucoheptonate, 99m Tc-HYNIC-RC-160 via EDDA and tricine. Conditions for labelling were optimized. Analytical and purification methods for the labelled products were developed. Radiochemical purity test of 99m Tc labelled peptides was performed by HPLC with gradient elution of 0.1%TFA/water and acetonitrile, or by ITLC-SG in saline and in 50% acetonitrile. The contaminants in 99m Tc radiolabelled product were separated by elution from SEPPAK C-18 cartridge by 0.1% acetic acid and the pure product was eluted out of SEPPAK column by 50% acetonitrile with about 68% recovery. Stability of the purified 99m Tc-MAG3-RC-160 stored at -20 deg. C was more than 72 h. 99m Tc-MAG-3-RC-160 showed a high equilibrium dissociation constant with K D of 26 pmole/mg protein and B max of 7.9 mM. (author)

  14. Biokinetics and dosimetry in patients of {sup 99m}Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr{sup 3}-octreotide prepared from lyophilized kits

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez-Vazquez, Armando [Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Militar (Mexico); Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Ferro-Flores, Guillermina [Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Gerencia de Aplicaciones Nucleares en la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Km. 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Toluca, Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico, C.P. 52045 (Mexico)]. E-mail: gff@nuclear.inin.mx; Arteaga de Murphy, Consuelo [Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (Mexico); Gutierrez-Garcia, Zohar [Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Militar (Mexico)

    2006-07-15

    {sup 99m}Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr{sup 3}-octreotide ({sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC) has shown high in vitro and in vivo stability, rapid background clearance and rapid detection of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a biokinetic model for {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC prepared from lyophilized kits, and to evaluate its dosimetry as a tumor imaging agent in patients with histologically confirmed neuroendocrine tumors. Whole-body images from eight patients were acquired at 5, 60, 90, 180 min and 24 h after {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC administration obtained from instant freeze-dried kit formulations with radiochemical purities >95%. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around source organs on each time frame. The same set of ROIs was used for all eight scans and the count per minute (cpm) of each ROI was converted to activity using the conjugate view counting method. The image sequence was used to extrapolate {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC time-activity curves in each organ, to adjust a biokinetic model using the SAAM software, and to calculate the total number of disintegrations (N) that occurred in the source regions. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM code to calculate internal radiation dose estimates. Images showed an average tumor/blood (heart) ratio of 4.3{+-}0.7 in receptor-positive tumors at 1 h. The mean radiation absorbed dose calculated for a study using 740 MBq was 24, 21.5, 5.5 and 1.0 mSv for spleen, kidneys, liver and bone marrow respectively and the effective dose was 4.4 mSv.

  15. [99mTc[TRODAT-1: a novel technetium-99m complex as a dopamine transporter imaging agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kung Meiping; Stevenson, D.A.; Ploessl, K.; Meegalla, S.K.; Beckwith, A.; Essman, W.D.; Mu, M.; Lucki, I.; Kung, H.F.

    1997-01-01

    Technetium-99m is the most commonly used radionuclide in routine nuclear medicine imaging procedures. Development of 99m Tc-labeled receptor-specific imaging agents for studying the central nervous system is potentially useful for evaluation of brain function in normal and disease states. A novel 99m Tc-labeled tropane derivative, [ 99m Tc[TRODAT-1, which is useful as a potential CNS dopamine transporter imaging agent, was evaluated and characterized. After i.v. injection into rats, [ 99m Tc[TRODAT-1 displayed specific brain uptake in the rat striatal region (striatum-cerebellum/cerebellum ratio 1.8 at 60 min), where dopamine neurons are concentrated. The specific striatal uptake could be blocked by pretreating rats with a dose of competing dopamine transporter ligand, β-CIT (or RTI-55, i.v., 1 mg/kg). However, the specific striatal uptake of [ 99m Tc[TRODAT-1 was not affected by co-injection of excess free ligand (TRODAT-1, up to 200 μg per rat) or by pretreating the rats with haloperidol (i.v., 1 mg/kg). The specific uptake in striatal regions of rats that had prior 6-hydroxydopamine lesion in the substantia nigra area showed a dramatic reduction. The radioactive material recovered from the rat striatal homogenates at 60 min after i.v. injection of [ 99m Tc[TRODAT-1 showed primarily the original compound (>95%), a good indication of in vivo stability in brain tissue. Similar and comparable organ distribution patterns and brain regional uptakes of [ 99m Tc[TRODAT-1 were obtained for male and female rats. (orig./AJ). With 4 figs., 6 tabs

  16. Synthesis and biological assessment of folate-accepted developer (99m)Tc-DTPA-folate-polymer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Fei; Shao, Kejing; Zhu, Bao; Jiang, Mengjun

    2016-05-15

    A novel cancer-targetable folate-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PFDH) copolymer containing DTPA segment was prepared by conventional chemical synthesis and labeled with (99m)Tc subsequently. The (99m)Tc-labled PFDH could be produced easily with high radiochemical yield of 91% and radiochemical purity of 95%. The LogP octanol-water value for the (99m)Tc-labled PFDH was -2.19 and the radiotracer was stable in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum for 2h (>95% in PBS or ∼90% in human serum). To investigate (99m)Tc-labled PFDH tumor targeting, the in vitro and in vivo stability, cell uptake, in vivo biodistribution, and SPECT imaging were evaluated, respectively. These preliminary results strongly suggest that the novel folate conjugated dendrimer maybe developed to be potential for delivery of therapeutic radionuclides. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Comparative investigation of the gel chromatography column scanning method for quality control of /sup 99/sup(m)Tc-methylenediphosphonate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Darte, L

    1981-04-01

    Gel chromatography column scanning (GCS) is the method of choice for quality control of sup(99m)Tc-MDP preparations. Using this method all the labelled components are obtained rapidly in one simple test procedure. The influence of various parameters such as gel type, column size, prehistory of column, equilibration, eluent, elution volume and flow rate upon the results have been investigated. Test results for sup(99 m)Tc-MDP have been compared for several different GCS systems, a few TLC systems and column chromatography with fraction collection. The GCS technique, optimized for testing sup(99m)Tc-MDP preparations has been applied in a few experiments in which very good reproducibility is required: Labelling kinetics and stability when stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator and influence of the sup(99m)Te/(sup(99m)Tc + /sup 99/Tc) atomic ratio and of the amount of radioactivity on the sup(99m)Tc-MDP labelling yield, covering parameter ranges of clinical interest, have been studied.

  18. Phenolic aminocarboxylate chelates of 99mTc as hepatobiliary agents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hunt, F C; Maddalena, D J; Wilson, J G; Bautovich, G J

    1986-01-01

    A series of alkyl- and halogen-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine di[o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid] (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis[2-hydroxybenzyl] ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) were complexed with 99mTc and their biodistribution was determined in rats. All complexes displayed substantial hepatobiliary excretion; of each series, 99mTc-Br-EDDHA and 99mTc-di-Cl-HBED had the maximum amount in the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies of 99mTc-Cl-EDDHA in dogs revealed prompt imaging of the liver followed by imaging of the gall bladder as the complex was excreted into the bile.

  19. Sup (99m) Tc-MDP accumulation and absence of concentration of sup (99m) Tc-sulfur colloid in the spleen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calegaro, J.U.M.; Carvalho, A.C.M. de; Ulyssea, R.

    1984-01-01

    A case of a nine years old girl with sickle cell anemia, that showed splenic accumulation of sup (99m) Tc-MDP during bone scintigraphy is reported. On the other side, the scan with sup (99m) Tc-sulfur colloid showed no uptake in the spleen. These findings are discussed with a brief review of the pertinent literature. (Author) [pt

  20. Evaluation of fresh and old eluate of 99Mo/99mTc generators used for labeling of different pharmaceutical kits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Urbano, N.; Chinol, M.; Modoni, S.; Guerra, M.

    2005-01-01

    Sixty 99 Mo/ 99m Tc wet column generators, loaded with two different 99 Mo activities, were analyzed in order to assess the quality of their eluates. Each elution was used for labeling of different radiopharmaceuticals, in order to evaluate whether 'risky' elutions, namely those performed just after generator delivery and at 72 hours or more from the last elution, could be conveniently employed when fresh available radioactivity is not enough for the planned labeling or when shipping problems arise, or delay in delivery of a new generator occurs. Radiochemical quality control of all radiopharmaceuticals labeled with these elutions was performed. The elutions differed mainly in 99 Tc ground state ( 99g Tc) and amounts of oxidizing impurities. Radiolabeling procedures, however, were not affected, suggesting that these 'risky' elutions might be appropriately used, in 'emergency' conditions, for labeling radiopharmaceuticals although their radiochemical purity control is recommended prior to patient administration. (author)

  1. The use of 99Mo/99mTc generators in the analysis of low levels of 99Tc in environmental samples by radiochemical methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dowdall, M.; Selnaes, Oe.G.; Lind, B.; Gwynn, J.P.

    2010-01-01

    The analysis of low levels of 99 Tc in environmental samples presents special challenges, particularly with respect to the selection of an appropriate and practicable chemical yield tracer. Of all the tracers available, 99m Tc eluted from 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators appears to be the most practicable in terms of availability, ease of use and cost. These factors have led to an increase in the use of such generators for the provision of 99m Tc as yield tracer for 99 Tc. For the analysis of low levels ( 3 or kg) of 99 Tc in environmental samples, consideration must be given to the radiochemical purity of the tracer solution with respect to contamination with both 99 Tc and other radionuclides. Due to the variable nature of the extent of the interference from tracer solution to tracer solution, it is unwise to try and establish a correction factor for any single generator. The only practical solution to the problem therefore is to run a 'blank' sample with each batch of samples drawn from a single tracer solution. (LN)

  2. Installation of Tc-99m generator manufacturing facilities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shin, B. C.; Choung, W. M.; Park, J. H.; Park, S. H.; Kim, S. J.; Park, K. B.

    2004-01-01

    For the characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals, the manufacturing facility should be complied with the radiation safety standards for operators as well as GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) cleanness standards for production. We intensively modified the existing Radioisotope production facilities, which were installed only in radiation safety points of view, to meet cleanness criteria. And the concept of multi-barrier buffer zones was introduced to apply negative air pressure for hot cell with first priority and to continue relative positive air pressure for clean room. The manufacturing area for Tc-99m Generator can be entered only through a second change. The doors of each change area are interlocked to maintain air pressure differentials. The pass box for material transfer are also interlocked so that only one side may be opened at any one time to keep cleanness. Two door-type autoclave was installed crossing the wall between preparing room and aseptic room to keep cleanness after sterilization. Three lead hot cells were installed and final inspection including gamma survey test were performed. The clean room was installed and TAB for this facility was performed in order to acquire the necessary air flow. The filter bank for filtration of exhausted radiation air was installed and its efficiency test was performed. In this facility, radiation shielding utilities and manufacturing instruments were set up and their operating manuals were documented. Efficiency tests for every utilities and instruments were satisfied and the approval for use of the facilities was achieved from MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology). The Sam Young Unitech, the lessee of the facilities set up the equipment in the hot cell, which is needed to produce Tc-99m Generator, supported by IPPE in Russia. They are composing the systems complied with the guidelines and the regulations, and keep in contact to KFDA for acquiring its approval. It is expected to produce Tc-99m Generator within

  3. Synthesis, formulation of nucleo-equipment and biological studies of the 99m Tc-MAG3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reyes H, L.; Lezama C, J.; Ferro F, G.

    1991-10-01

    Technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyl glycylglycylglycine ( 99m Tc-MAG 3 ) is introduced to replace o-iodohippurate (OIH) for renal function studies. In this paper we present the synthesis, labelling and biological evaluation of 99m Tc- MAG 3 prepared in our laboratory. The precursor s-benzoyl-mercaptoacetyl glycyl glycylglycine (Bz-MAG 3 ) was synthesized by condensation of glycylglycylglycine with chloroacetyl chloride to obtain chloroacetyl glycylglycylglycine and this product was condensate with sodium thiobenzoate. The Bz-MAG 3 was characterized by IR and NMR. The labelling with 99m Tc was carried out at pH 9.0 using stannous chloride as a reducing agent with heating to boiling for 15 min. The benzoyl group is lost in this step, forming 99m Tc-MAG 3 complex with radiochemical purity of 99%. The biodistribution properties were evaluated in mice and a rapid renal extraction was apparent at the 10 minutes value (51.65% of the injected dose). The radiotracer was administered to 5 patients showing a good biological behavior. Based on these results, the 99m Tc-MAG 3 is expected to have widespread clinical utility in Mexico. (Author)

  4. Evaluation of {sup 99m}Tc-Pheophorbide-a use in infection imaging: A rat model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ocakoglu, Kasim [Advanced Technologies Research and Application Center, Mersin University, TR 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin (Turkey); Bayrak, Elif; Onursal, Mehmet [Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir (Turkey); Yilmaz, Osman [Department of Animal Research Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir (Turkey); Yurt Lambrecht, Fatma, E-mail: fatma.yurt.lambrecht@ege.edu.tr [Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir (Turkey); Holzwarth, Alfred R. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470, Muelheim an der Ruhr (Germany)

    2011-09-15

    This study aims to prepare {sup 99m}Technetium Pheophorbide-a ({sup 99m}Tc-PH-A) complex and evaluate its efficiency as an infection imaging agent. First, PH-A was obtained from Spirulina maxima algae, and the product compound was confirmed using {sup 1}H NMR and MS (ESI) methods. The PH-A was then labeled with {sup 99m}Tc using the tin chloride method and its biological efficacy as a potential radiotracer for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection was evaluated in bacterially infected and sterile inflamed rats. The radiochemical stability of the {sup 99m}Tc-PH-A in human serum was determined by thin-layer radiochromatography (TLRC). The radiochemical purity was 87{+-}3.2% and remained constant at more than 80{+-}0.1% even in serum for 120 min after radiolabeling. These experiments indicated that the ratio of {sup 99m}Tc-PH-A uptake in bacterially infected muscle, as compared to normal muscle, [target/non-target (T/NT)=5.6 at 1 h] was over four times higher than that in sterile inflamed muscle (T/NT=1.29 at 1 h). Disappearance of activity from the kidney and liver indicated that the urinary and hepatobiliary systems were the normal routes of excretion of the complex. {sup 99m}Technetium Pheophorbide prepared with high yield is able to localize well in the bacterially infected muscle of the rats and {sup 99m}Tc-PH-A may be developed as a radiopharmaceutical agent to distinguish infection from inflammation by nuclear imaging.

  5. The development and characterization of Tc-99m mecaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Taylor, A. Jr.; Eshima, D.

    1990-01-01

    I-131 orth-iodohippuric (OIH) acid is a widely used renal radiopharmaceutical but it is limited due to the suboptimal imaging properties of the I-131 radionuclide and the relatively high radiation dose. Recent work has focused on the development of Tc-99m renal tubular function agents which would utilize the optimal radionuclidic properties and availability of Tc-99m, provide comparable clinical information to that obtained with OIH and allow the evaluation of renal perfusion. The triamide mercaptide (N 3 S) donor ligand system has yielded the most promising Tc-99m tubular function agent to date. Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine MAG 3 does not enter the red blood cell. A simple kit formulation has been developed which yields a stable Tc-99m MAG 3 complex in high radiochemical purity. Studies in normal volunteers and patients indicate that Tc-99m MAG 3 is an excellent Tc-99m renal tubular agent but its clearance is only 50-60% that of OIH. 42 refs., 2 tabs., 2 figs

  6. Status of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc production development by (n, {gamma}) reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Kaminaga, Masanori; Ishihara, Masahiro; Kawamura, Hiroshi [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Oarai Research and Development Center, Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan); Mutalib, Abdul [National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN), Tangerang (Indonesia); Chakrov, Petr [Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan (INP-NNC-RK), Almaty (Kazakhstan)

    2012-03-15

    Technetium-99m ({sup 99m}Tc) is one of the most commonly used radioisotopes in the field of nuclear medicine. As one of effective uses of the JMTR, JAEA has a plan to produce {sup 99}Mo by (n, {gamma}) method, a parent nuclide of {sup 99m}Tc. JAEA has performed R and D on production method of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc in JMTR cooperating with foreign organizations and relevant Japanese enterprises under the cooperation programs. In this paper, present status of R and D for production of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc in JMTR under international cooperation is introduced and constructions of the irradiation and PIE facilities at the JMTR site are also described. (author)

  7. /sup 99m/Tc dextran: a new blood-pool-labeling agent for radionuclide angiocardiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Henze, E.; Robinson, G.D.; Kuhl, D.E.; Schelbert, H.R.

    1982-01-01

    We have explored the possibility of imaging the cardiac blood pool with dextran (Dx) labeled with /sup 99m/Tc (Tc) after Sn2+ reduction. Stannous dextran (SnDx) kits were prepared in advance and labeling was performed by adding /sup 99m/Tc. The labeling efficiency was greater than 95%. /sup 99m/Tc dextran (TcDx) was highly stable both in vivo and in vitro. In seven dogs we compared the quality of blood-pool images obtained with TcDx of different molecular weights (4 X 10(4) . Dx-40; 5 X 10(5) . Dx-500; 2 X 10(6) . Dx-2000) and with /sup 99m/Tc red blood cells (TcRBC) labeled in vitro, and determined the organ distribution of this new agent by whole-body scanning and blood sampling. TcDx provided high-quality cardiac blood-pool images up to 60 min after injection. The heart-to-lung ratios averaged 3.7 for TcDx-40, 3.9 for TcDx-500, and 5.4 for TcRBC at 60 min. Whereas TcDx-40 showed a relatively rapid initial urinary excretion and TcDx-2000 was degraded rapidly, TcDx-500 demonstrated the best kinetics for blood-pool imaging. Thus, TcDx is a new radiopharmaceutical with high labeling efficiency and stability. It overcomes a number of the limitations of currently used blood-labeling agents and may become useful for blood-pool imaging in man

  8. Gel chromatographic behavior of Tc-99m-labeled compounds in aqueous solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, T.; Wagner, H.N. Jr.; Burns, H.D.; Dannals, F.F.

    1984-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interaction of Tc-99m-labeled compounds (Tc-99m 0/sub 4/-bar, Tc-99m glucoheptonate, Tc-99m DTPA, Tc-99m disofenin) with the chromatographic gels, to determine their relative molecular sizes and molecular structures in aqueous solution, which are based on their biomenbrane transport mechanism and quality control analysis. Each Tc-99m-labeled compound was eluted and analyzed by three different gel chromatrography systems varying buffers: Sephadex G-25, Sephadex LH-20 and Bio-Gel P-4. The best separation between the elution peaks of all compounds except Tc-99m glucoheptonate was achieved on Sephadex G-25 in methanol-0.025OM Tris-HCL buffer (pH 7.6) (1:1) which could avoid the aromatic interaction with the gels. Tc-99m glucoheptonate was well eluted only on a Bio-Gel P-4 column but its elution peak was not separated from other compounds' peaks. The elution of Tc-99m disofenin was delayed on Sephadex G-25 gel and Bio-Gel P-4 columns in 0.9% NaCl and Tris-HCl buffer(ph 7.6) and on Sephadex LH-20 column in methanol-Tris-HCl buffer, because of the aromatic ring interaction with the gels. The relative molecular size index ( Kav ) calculated from the elution volume of the gel chromatography. Kav of Tc-99m 0/sub 4/-bar(MW=163), Tc-99m DTPA (MW=492?) and TC-99m disofenin (MW=707) on Sephadex G-25 in methanol-0.025OM Tris-HCl buffer(pH 7.6) (1:1), which was the most suitable combination of the gel and the buffer, were 0.976, 0.477 and 0.200, respectively. They inversely correlated with their estimated molecular weight. The interaction of Tc-99m-labeled compounds with the chromatographic gels should be considered in quality control procedure for Tc-99m radiopharamaceuticals

  9. Radiation dose to bladder wall following the administration of sup(99m)Tc-microspheres and sup(99m)Tc-DTPA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, T.

    1981-01-01

    Castronovo et al. (Health Phys. Vol. 39, p 112, 1980) reported a method of calculating the dose to the bladder wall following administration of sup(99m)Tc human albumin microspheres (sup(99m)Tc-HAM) for lung perfusion scanning. The present note comments that (1) the dosimetry is estimated for an unusual bladder voiding schedule and no indication is given of the variation of dose to be expected with different schedules, and (2) that the method assumes linear biological excretion of the radiopharmaceutical into the bladder in any particular filling period. It is shown that whilst this is a valid approximation in the case considered, it is not a generally applicable principle. Values of bladder wall dose commitments following intravenous administration of sup(99m)Tc-HAM or sup(99m)Tc DTPA are tabulated. Values for constant voiding cycles are presented for four different bladder voiding periods between 2 and 8 hr, and for three different methods of calculation:-a method described in this paper, the linear excretion method of Castronovo et al., and the method of Snyder et al. (ORNL-4584, pp. 206-208, 1970) which allows for urine flow rate. (U.K.)

  10. Evaluation of the use of technetium Tc 99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid for scintigraphic imaging of the kidneys in green iguanas (Iguana iguana).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greer, Leah L; Daniel, Gregory B; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I; Ramsay, Edward C

    2005-01-01

    To evaluate the use of scintigraphy involving technetium Tc 99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) or technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) for the determination of kidney morphology and function in green iguanas (Iguana iguana). 10 healthy iguanas weighing >1.6 kg. Renal scintigraphy was performed by use of (99m)Tc-DTPA in 6 of the iguanas and by use of (99m)Tc-DMSA in all 10 iguanas. After the injection of (99m)Tc-DMSA, scans were performed for each iguana at intervals during a 20-hour period. Renal biopsies were performed in all 10 iguanas after the final scintigraphic evaluation. In iguanas, the use of (99m)Tc-DTPA for renal scintigraphy was nondiagnostic because of serum protein binding and poor renal uptake of the isotope; mean +/- SD (99m)Tc-DTPA bound to serum proteins was 48.9 +/- 9.9%. Renal uptake of (99m)Tc-DMSA produced distinct visualization of both kidneys. Renal uptake and soft tissue clearance of (99m)Tc-DMSA increased over the 20-hour imaging period; mean +/- SD renal uptake of (99m)Tc-DMSA was 11.31 +/- 3.06% at 20 hours. In each of the 10 iguanas, ultrasonographic and histologic examinations of biopsy specimens from both kidneys revealed no abnormalities. Results indicate that the kidneys of iguanas can be evaluated scintigraphically by use of (99m)Tc-DMSA; this technique may be potentially useful for the diagnosis of renal failure in iguanas.

  11. Development of the Mo loading apparatus for adsorbing high level 99Mo to PZC and packing in 99mTc generator column

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hishinuma, Yukio; Ohmori, Hiroyuki; Noguchi, Tuneyuki; Tatenuma, Katsuyoshi; Genka, Tsuguo; Machi, Sueo

    2006-01-01

    For developing the automatic system to produce the PZC- 99m Tc generator column based on (n, gamma) method, we developed and fabricated the proto-type apparatus for semi hot test to prepare and pack PZC adsorbed 99 Mo produced by (n, gamma) method into the generator column; PZC is Mo adsorbent with practical performance for (n, gamma) 99m Tc generator with high 99 Mo adsorption and high 99m Tc elution. For conducting the constant supply and delivery of 99m Tc generator, it is necessary to establish the technology of (n, gamma) method 99m Tc generator using PZC and to develop the fabrication system for 99 Mo loading to PZC and packing the 99m Tc generator column. By the reason, we are developing the Mo loading apparatus. In order to automatically conduct the process of 99 Mo adsorption to PZC and PZC- 99 Mo packing into the generator column, based on one channel system developed by JAERI-KAKEN at 3 years ago, an advanced automatic loading system functioned with 8 channels was developed as FNCA project proceeded by the core with Kaken Co. and JAIF for realizing a mass production of 99m Tc generators, and moreover the Japanese patent regarding the PZC- 99m Tc generator including the automatic loading system of 99 Mo to PZC and making 99m Tc generator columns has already been applied with joint applicants of BATAN and Kaken Co. Regarding the multi-type Mo loading apparatus mentioned above, we set it up in a hot of BATAN at December 2003 year. In this report, we will introduce mainly about the multi-channel automatic loading system of 99 Mo. (author)

  12. Sequential hepato-biliary scintigraphy of the patients with constitutional jaundices and ICG excretory defect disease with sup(99m)Tc-HIDA and sup(99m)Tc-PI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ueda, Hideo; Asahara, Akira; Hishinuma, Sanpei; Toogin, Masayuki; Takagi, Masao

    1979-01-01

    The hepato-biliary scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc-HIDA and sup(99m)Tc-PI and the measurement of hepatic clearance have been studied on constitutional hyperbilirubinemia and ICG excretory defect disease. The results obtained are as follows: 1) In Dubin-Johnson's syndrome cases, the hepatic uptake of sup(99m)Tc-HIDA was faster, but the excretion was extremely slower than in normal cases. 2) Hepatic uptake and excretion of sup(99m)Tc-PI were both almost normal in Dubin-Johnson's syndrome. 3) In Rotor's disease, hepatic uptake of sup(99m)Tc-HIDA was very poor, showing almost no hepatic image. 4) In Gilbert's disease and ICG excretory defect disease, hepatic uptake and excretion of sup(99m)Tc-HIDA were both within normal limit. From these results it can be presumed that Dubin-Johnson's syndrome and Rotor's disease differ in morbid condition. Dubin-Johnson's syndrome, Rotor's disease and Gilbert's disease show the different patterns between hepatic uptake and excretion on sup(99m)Tc-HIDA hepatoscintigraphy and the patterns contribute to the differential diagnosis of constitutional jaundice. (author)

  13. Procedures for the production of poly-zirconium-compound (PZC) based chromatographic 99mTc generator to be available for clinical application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Van So

    2006-01-01

    Two procedures - Column post-loading and Column pre-loading procedures - for the preparation of PZC based chromatographic Tc-99m generators were described in detail. In-process documentation, flow-chart of process for the individual procedures, specific Tc-99m generator designs and pictorially illustrative description of Tc-99m generator production process were systematically reported. The column pre-loading procedure was highly evaluated as a competent technology for the preparation of PZC based Tc-99m chromatographic generator of high performance using (n, γ) 99 Mo of low specific radioactivity produced on low power research reactors. (author)

  14. Can tumor uptake Tc-99m MDP ?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yand Shun, Fang; Yao, Ming; Zeng, Jun; Shi Zhen, Yu; Zhao Lan, Xiang; Dong Qiang, Gang

    2003-01-01

    To explore the mechanism of technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake within tumor through analyze a distribution of Tc-99m MDP in mice bearing tumor cell lines. Methods: The uptake of Tc-99m MDP was analyzed in seven human tumor cell lines ( SPC-A1 adenocarcinoma of lung cancer, Bcap-37 Breast cancer, T-24 Bladder cancer, SKOV3 Ovary carcinoma, Hela-229 Cervical carcinoma, SCI-OS Osteosarcoma, SCI-375 Melanoma) and mouse Lewis lung cancer cell line. They were transplanted into athymic mice, SCID nude mice and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Approximately 10(6) cells of each cell line were injected subcutaneously into a right chest of mouse. After 4 and 5 weeks, the Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy were determined 6 hours after tail vein injection of 74MBq in 0.05ml every mouse. Result: Biodistribution and tumor uptake MDP was different in the various cell types investigated. According to the Region Ratio program of Siemens Power Macintosh 9500 Computer System, region of interests (RIOs) placed on a small part of the tumor and horizontal copied to left background (T/B) and thoracic spine (T/N) of mice in Tc-99m MDP imaging. The average cpm/pixel ratios were calculated by standardized uptake measure (SUM) and determined the tumor-positive value (T/B) greater than or equal to 1.2. T/B of cell lines were sorted from higher to lower as follows: SCI-OS, Lewis, SKOV3, SCI-375, T-24, SPC-A1, Bcap-37, Hela-229. T/N: SCI-OS, SKOV3, T-24, SCI-375, Lewis, SPC-A1, Bcap-37, Hela-229. The biodistribution data of 99Tcm-MDP in SPC-A1 tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice were given as ID/g and represent the means D (n=13) in 30 hours after injection of Tc-99m MDP. ID/g of major tissue were sorted from higher to lower as follows: thoracic spine, lumbar, ribs, kidneys, the center of tumor, the ulcer of tumor, the surrounding of tumor, lymph node, blood, lungs, heart, liver. Conclusions: Most of tumor can uptake Tc-99m MDP including human adenocarcinoma. The uptake rate in the center tissue of

  15. The trend of 99mTc generator in FNCA countries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Genka, Tsuguo; Machi, Sueo

    2004-01-01

    In the 2001 Workshop on Utilization of Research Reactors held in Beijing, eight delegates from the FNCA countries, namely China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, for the 99m Tc Generator Project, presented papers or orally pleaded the current status of utilization and production in terms of 99 Mo solution, 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator or extracted 99m Tc solution in each country. This paper is a brief compilation of these topics and some additional information obtained afterward the workshop. (author)

  16. Kit for instant 99mTc labeling of the antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin 29-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferro-Flores, G.; Arteaga de Murphy, C.; Pedraza-Lopez, M.; Palomares-Rodriguez, P.; Melendez-Alafort, L.

    2005-01-01

    The ubiquicidin 29-41 fragment (UBI) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide. An instant kit formulation was developed for the preparation of 99m Tc-UBI 29-41 in high radiochemical yield and its use as an infection imaging agent in humans was evaluated. The components were selected to produce a direct 99m Tc labeling, presumably to the amine groups of Lys and Arg7. 99m Tc-UBI 29-41 obtained from the lyophilized kit showed radiochemical purity of >97% with an average target/non-target ratio of 2.3±0.6 in positive infection sites at 2 hours. Kits were stable at 4 deg C for over 6 months. (author)

  17. 99mTc complexes of 1,3-propanedithiol derivatives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alagui, A.; Apparu, M.; Vidal, M.; Mathieu, J.P.

    1987-01-01

    The labelling of 1,3-n alkylpropanedithiols and of 15-(1,3-dimercapto 2-propyl)pentadecanoic acid by 99m Tc was performed by an exchange reaction with the hexachlorotechnetate ion 99m TcCl 6 2- and by reduction of 99m TcO 4 - with Sn(II) in the presence of the ligand. The biological distribution of the exotechnetium complexes obtained by the latter method in mouse does not reveal a high tropism of these labelling compounds in relation to a particular tissue. (author) 14 refs.; 2 tabs

  18. Comparative analysis of 99mTc-depreotide and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC thorax scintigrams acquired for the purpose of differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Plachcinska, A.; Kusmierek, J.; Mikolajczak, R.; Kozak, J.; Rzeszutek, K.

    2006-01-01

    Aiming at comparison of diagnostic efficacy of 2 radiopharmaceuticals: 99m Tc-depreotide (Neospect, Amersham) and 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide (Tektrotyd, Polatom), in differentiation between malignant and benign etiology of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), radionuclide studies with 2 radiotracers were performed in 18 patients. For both radiopharmaceuticals the same acquisition and processing protocols were applied. Studies were acquired with SPECT technique, after administration of 740 MBq of activity. Scintigrams were assessed visually, as: positive (+), equivocal (±) and negative (-). Additionally, uptake intensity of both radiotracers in nodules was assessed semiquantitatively, using a tumour-to-background ratio. Verification of scintigraphic results was based in 14 cases upon a pathological examination of tumour samples (histopathology) and in the remaining 4 - on clinical observation and bacteriological studies. Normal scintigrams obtained with both diopharmaceuticals differed significantly. 99m Tc-depreotide was markedly accumulated in spine, sternum, ribs and lungs (mean lung/heart ratio = 2.2). This accumulation was not observed on 99m Tc- -EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigrams (mean lung/heart ratio = 0.7). In 6 patients a malignant etiology - lung cancer - was revealed (5 - adenocarcinoma, 1 - squamous cell) and the other 12 cases turned out to be benign (4 hamartomas, 3 tuberculomas, a tuberculous infiltrate, an alien body with inflammatory reaction, a hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue and 2 cases of unknown etiology, from which one had a stable size and the other resolved during a 6 month observation period). In all 6 cases of lung cancer positive results were obtained with both tracers. Moreover, in 2 patients metastases in mediastinum could be observed on scintigrams obtained with both radiopharmaceuticals. From among 12 cases of benign etiology 6 99m Tc-depreotide scintigrams were true negative, 1 - equivocal and 5 - false positive, whereas 6 99m Tc

  19. [99m Tc (CNCH2COO-)6]-5: preliminary evaluation as tracer for studies of renal function

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Verdera, E.S.; Lopes L, J.J.; Balter, H.; Leon, E.; Oliver, P.; Tagle, R.

    1992-01-01

    The preliminary results for obtaining [ 99m Tc (CNCH 2 COO - )6] -5 are described. This complex is prepared by chemical hydrolysis of resultant molecule from carboethoxi methyl isonitrile labelling with Na 99m Tc O 4 and the yield of these reactions is determined by RP-HPLC. The radiopharmaceutical behaviour in dogs are made, confirming the attributes of [ 99m Tc (CNCH 2 COO - )6] 5 as radiodiagnosis for renal function studies. (C.G.C.)

  20. Evaluation of fibrinogen-DTPA-99mTc. Biodistribution and imaging studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lungu, V.; Mihailescu, G.; Fugaru, V.; Preda, A.

    1998-01-01

    Labelling with 99m Tc of fibrinogen, using DTPA anhydride as the bifunctional chelating agent, was studied in animals with venous thrombi. The parameters studied were: i) coupled reaction of 99m Tc with the fibrinogen-DTPA-Sn(II) in lyophilised form; ii) biodistribution studies of fibrinogen- 99m Tc in animals with venous thrombi, and iii) imaging studies by scintigraphic methods. The present study showed that the radiochemical purity of fibrinogen-DTPA- 99m Tc is > 95% for a maximum of 5 mCi (185 MBq) radioactivity of 99m Tc in the 1.5-2 ml volume. Above this level of radioactivity we found a drastic decrease in the radiochemical purity. The radioactivity ratio of the venous thrombi to the blood was 2.32+-0.45. The scintigraphic images showed a significant accumulation of fibrinogen-DTPA- 99m Tc in 1-hour-old thrombi, 1 hour after injection. From this results the diagnostic potential of fibrinogen-DTPA-Sn(II) in kit form was evaluated. (author)

  1. Radionuclidic contamination of 99Mo, 131I and 103Ru in the eluate of 99Mo-99mTc chromatographic generator: comparision on fission produced 99Mo from RPC, Nordio and ARI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soenarjo, Sunarhadijoso; Gunawan, Adang Hardi

    1996-01-01

    The 99 Mo- 99m Tc Chromatographic generators is the most popular system to provide 99m Tc medical radioisotope. Radioisotope Production Centre (RPC)- BATAN has routinely produced the generator loaded with 99 Mo prepared by 235 U fission. By using fission produced 99 Mo, the resulting 99m Tc is potentially contaminated by other fission products which are difficult to eliminate completely. In order to study the characteristic of the generator and radionuclidic impurity pattern of the 99m Tc eluates, an evaluation of gamma spectrometric determination has been carried out. The bulk solutions of 99 Mo produced by RPC BATAN (Indonesia), Nordion (Canada) and ARI (Australia) were loaded to generators manufactured between July 1993 to May 1994. The saline-eluate 99m Tc, in a total volume of 10 ml each, was subjected to gamma spectrometric determination. The radiation of 99m Tc was eliminated by lead shield of 0.6913 cm thickness. The 99m Tc yield fluctuation from 28 generators indicated that the characteristics of the generator columns were very good. The 99m Tc eluates were consistently contaminated by 99 Mo, 131 I and 103 Ru, although the contamination level in all cases did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. The fluctuation of radionuclidic impurities were probably caused by variation in the irradiation parameter or by variation in the 99 Mo separation methods. (author), 23 refs, 1 tab, 3 figs

  2. Synthesis and evaluation of 99mTc serotonin for central nervous system (CNS) receptor imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Geetha, R.; Ghodke, A.S.; Sachdev, S.S.; Sivaprasad, N.

    2001-01-01

    Serotonin was directly radiolabelled with 99m Tc. The complex was not very stable. Therefore, a conjugate of serotonin, cDTPAA (cyclic anhydride of diethylene triamine penta acetic acid) was prepared and characterised using IR. It was then radiolabelled with 99m Tc using stannous chloride as the reducing agent. The radiochemical purity as determined by paper chromatography was more than 80%. (author)

  3. Synthesis, characterization and biodistribution of technetium complexes (99Tc/99mTc) with 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-hexose oximes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steinmetz, H.J.

    1993-05-01

    In the present work, the synthesis and isolation of isomeric complexes of technetium ( 99 Tc/ 99m Tc) with the 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-hexoses D-glucose aminoxime, D-galactose aminoxime and D-mannose aminoxime, the characterization of the complexes as 99 Tc compounds, and bio-distribution studies on the analogous 99m Tc complexes have been untertaken. As a first step, the free ligands were synthesized and identified using elemental analysis, infra-red and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and FAB mass spectroscopy. In the bio-distribution studies on the 99m Tc complexes of D-glucose aminoxime and of D-galactose aminoxime in NMRI mice, significant short-term accumulation of 99m Tc activity in heart muscle could be detected, which may be attributed to a biochemical transport mechanism. Uptake in the lungs and the liver was found, but a more significant uptake was observed in the kidneys, where the complexes were rapidly secreted in proportion to their concentration in the blood plasma. (orig./BBR) [de

  4. Synthesis quality control and biodistribution of technetium-99m triamcinolone (99mTc-TA) complex: An inflammation tracer agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rizvii, Faheem Askari; Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza; Mehdi, Muhammad; Roohi, Samina; Zahoor, Ameer Fawad; Khan, Zulfiqar Ali; Sohaib, Muhammad; Rasheed, Rashid

    2017-01-01

    In present study synthesis of 99m Tc-triamcinolone acetonide ( 99m Tc-TA) complex and its stability using set of quality control parameters such as ligand concentration, reducing agent concentration, pH, temperature and reaction time was assessed. 99m Tc-TA complex was characterized in terms of percent (%) yield, stability in saline and serum using chromatographic procedures. Radiochemically the 99m Tc-TA complex was found quite stable in saline and serum. After 30 min of reaction the complex showed maximum radiochemical yield of 96.32% which decreased to 96.25 % after 4 h incubation period. In serum, the % yield of radiochemical was remained same up to 2 h which decreased to 93.5% at 24 h time point. Normal biodistribution pattern in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed liver, stomach and kidneys as areas of high 99m Tc-TA complex uptake (8.44 ±1.32, 8.75 ± 1.03 and 12.67 ± 1.21%, respectively) at 1 h post injection time point. Scintigraphy of 99m Tc-TA in rabbits showed similar eco as observed in biodistribution study. Based on the promising results obtained in context of in vitro and in vivo stability and biodistribution, 99m Tc-TA complex could be further studied to identify the inflammation based diseases

  5. A modified {sup 99} Mo- {sup 99} Tc generator on Zirconium molybdo- phosphate-{sup 99} Mo gel. Vol. 3

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    El-Kolaly, M T; Talaat, H [Labelled Compounds Department, Cairo (Egypt); Botros, N [Radioistspe and Generator Department, Radioisotope Production and Sealed Source Division, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt)

    1996-03-01

    A modified {sup 99} Mo - {sup 99} Tc gel generator is described. The new generator is based on the use of zirconium molybdophosphate - {sup 99} Mo gel in which {sup 99} Mo chemically combined in the gel structure, where {sup 99m}Tc can be easily eluted with distilled water or saline. The gel was prepared via chemical reaction between zirconyl chloride and molybdophosphate - {sup 99} Mo solution. The PH of the reaction mixture was adjusted with NaOH. Different gels have been prepared by varying the molar ratio of Mo:Zr:p. The PH and time of digeston on complete gel formation was also investigated in order to optimize the condition of gel preparation. Molybdophosphate {sup 32} P solution was used to determine the phosphorous content in the gel and in the {sup 99m}Tc eluate. The temperature and time of drying of the gel and their effect on {sup 99m}Tc elution efficiency were also studied. From the data obtained, the optimum conditions for routine production of {sup 99} Mo - {sup 99m}Tc generator are presented and discussed. 2 figs., 6 tabs.

  6. Targeted functional imaging of estrogen receptors with 99mTc-GAP-EDL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takahashi, Nobukazu; Yang, David J.; Kohanim, Saady; Oh, Chang-Sok; Yu, Dong-Fang; Azhdarinia, Ali; Kurihara, Hiroaki; Kim, E.E.; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, Joe Y.

    2007-01-01

    To evaluate the feasibility of using 99m Tc-glutamate peptide-estradiol in functional imaging of estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] diseases. 3-Aminoethyl estradiol (EDL) was conjugated to glutamate peptide (GAP) to yield GAP-EDL. Cellular uptake studies of 99m Tc-GAP-EDL were conducted in ER(+) cell lines (MCF-7, 13762 and T47D). To demonstrate whether GAP-EDL increases MAP kinase activation, Western blot analysis of GAP-EDL was performed in 13762 cells. Biodistribution was conducted in nine rats with 13762 breast tumors at 0.5-4 h. Each rat was administered 99m Tc-GAP-EDL. Two animal models (rats and rabbits) were created to ascertain whether tumor uptake of 99m Tc-GAP-EDL was via an ER-mediated process. In the tumor model, breast tumor-bearing rats were pretreated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) 1 h prior to receiving 99m Tc-GAP-EDL. In the endometriosis model, part of the rabbit uterine tissue was dissected and grafted to the peritoneal wall. The rabbit was administered with 99m Tc-GAP-EDL. There was a 10-40% reduction in uptake of 99m Tc-GAP-EDL in cells treated with DES or tamoxifen compared with untreated cells. Western blot analysis showed an ERK1/2 phosphorylation process with GAP-EDL. Biodistribution studies showed that tumor uptake and tumor-to-muscle count density ratio in 99m Tc-GAP-EDL groups were significantly higher than those in 99m Tc-GAP groups at 4 h. Among 99m Tc-GAP-EDL groups, region of interest analysis of images showed that tumor-to muscle ratios were decreased in blocking groups. In the endometriosis model, the grafted uterine tissue could be visualized by 99m Tc-GAP-EDL. Cellular or tumor uptake of 99m Tc-GAP-EDL occurs via an ER-mediated process. 99m Tc-GAP-EDL is a useful agent for imaging functional ER(+) disease. (orig.)

  7. Determination of radiochemical yield of {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceutical preparations using gamma counter and linear radiochromatography scanner

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martins, Patricia de A.; Moura, Rebeca G.; Shiki, Andressa M.; Fukumori, Neuza T.O.; Matsuda, Margareth M.N., E-mail: patyosborne@yahoo.com [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2013-07-01

    The radiochemical purity (RCP) evaluation is a prerequisite for radiopharmaceuticals before the administration in patients. RCP is defined as the proportion of the total radioactivity in the product that is present in the specified chemical form. The most widely used techniques for RCP determination in radiopharmaceutical preparations are thin layer chromatography (TLC-Al), instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC-SG) and paper chromatography (PC). These techniques combined with radioactivity detection are one of the most important tools in the RCP of the radiopharmaceutical compounds. Several methods are used for the determination of the spatial distribution of radioactivity on the strips. The aim of this study was to compare two methods for radioactivity measurement in the determination of RCP in {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals using gamma counter and linear radiochromatography scanner. Lyophilized radiopharmaceuticals were labeled with {sup 99m}Tc. The analysis was carried out using TLC-Al and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC-Cellulose) sheets, ITLC-SG and 3MM Whatman PC. The radioactivity distribution was determined by counting each strip during 1 minute in a radiochromatography TLC scanner. For comparison, the strips were cut into small pieces and each one was separately measured in a gamma-counter during 0.20 minutes in 70-210 KeV {sup 99m}Tc window. USP 36 and FDA specify that not less than 90% of the total radioactivity must be in the spot corresponding to {sup 99m}Tc labeled compound. In conclusion, the procedure for RCP determination of ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX500-TEC, ECD-TEC, MACRO-TEC and MIBI-TEC can be faster using radiochromatography. (author)

  8. Studies on the preparation of sup(99m)Tc labelled medical tracer compounds: pt. 4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, J.R.; Park, K.B.; Shim, H.S.

    1981-01-01

    A crude extract from a Korean native plant, Banha (Pinellia ternata), has been known to agglutinate the erythrocytes of rabbit, mouse and especially erythrocytes of leukemic patients, Sarcoma-180 cell and Ehrlich ascite cell. The Banha lectin was labelled either with 125 with 125 I by means of chloramine-T method or with sup(99m)Tc by using aqueous sodium pertechnetate (- sup(99m)Tc) solution and stannous chloride as a reducing agent. Their labelling yield was 60% and 98%, respectively. These labelled compounds were administered to mice by intraperitoneal injections and their radioactivity distributions were measured after 3 hours. The uptake of 125 I labelled compound to tissue in mice appeared in the order of kidney, pancreas, spleen, liver, blood, and stomach, but in the case of sup(99m)Tc, it appeared in the order of kidney, pancreas, stomach, liver, spleen and blood

  9. Usefulness of 99mTc-ECD SPECT in diseases of central nerve system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ono, Shimato; Yanagimoto, Shinichi; Mimura, Hiroaki

    1992-01-01

    The usefulness of a new cerebral perfusion imaging radiopharmaceutical, 99m Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD), was clinically evaluated. The subjects of this study were 14 patients with neurological disorders including 10 patients with cerebral infarction and 4 patients with other diseases. A total of 15 examinations was performed. 99m Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ( 99m Tc-HM-PAO) or 123 I-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine ( 123 I-IMP) SPECTs were performed simultaneously, and the findings from those examinations were compared with 99m Tc-ECD. As to the count ratio of lesions to normal area (L/N), the L/N ratio in severe ischemic patients was lower in 99m Tc-ECD than in 99m Tc-HM-PAO or 123 I-IMP. In mild ischemic patients, on the other hand, the L/N ratio was the lowest in 123 I-IMP. When the relationship between regional cerebral blood flows (rCBFs) obtained from 123 I-IMP and the values of L/N in 99m Tc-ECD or 99m Tc-HM-PAO was compared, the values of L/N in 99m Tc-ECD or 99m Tc-HM-PAO were found to have decreased linearity with increasing rCBF. In a patient showing luxury perfusion, the accumulation pattern of 99m Tc-ECD was different from that of the other two radiopharmaceuticals, and focal defect was revealed in 99m Tc-ECD SPECT. On the dynamic SPECT of 99m Tc-ECD in a patient with meningioma, the tumor showed a change from high to low perfusion with the passage of time. This finding indicated that care should be taken in the evaluation of accumulation of 99m Tc-ECD. Therefore, 99m Tc-ECD was found to be useful as a cerebral perfusion agent. In addition, as accumulation of 99m Tc-ECD might somehow reflect metabolism in some cases, further careful investigation of many cases should be carried out. (author)

  10. Evaluation of the liver scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid, 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kimura, Kazufumi; Kusumi, Yoshimi; Nishimura, Tsunehiko; Takeda, Hiroshi; Furukawa, Toshiyuki

    1975-01-01

    sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid, supplied by Dinabot Radioisotope Lab. in a kit ''Auto vial; Sn-colloid'', was compared with 198 Au-colloid as a liver scanning agent by the electrolysis method. The preparation procedure was short and very simple, and the labelling efficiency was more than 99.7% in the authors chromatographic studies. Sequential whole body and liver radioactivities after intravenous administration of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid were measured for a period of 24 hours. Because radioactivity in the whole body and liver was diminished only by the decay of sup(99m)Tc. So, the excretion of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid from the whole body and the liver was thought to be negligible. Phantom studies showed that tumor models of 2 cm in diameter in the superficial layers could be detected more cleary than those in the deep layers by using sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid. Using 2-3 mCi of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid, a scintiphoto of 50,000 counts was taken in about ten seconds. So, it was possible to obtain motionless liver scintigrams with breath-holding. Blood disappearance curves of both colloids were measured by a scintillation counter and radioisotope accumulation curves in the liver and the spleen were measured by an Anger camera with data processing system. sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid was eliminated from the blood more rapidly than 198 Au-colloid and was accumulated in the liver more rapidly than 198 Au-colloid. The splenic uptake of the former exceeded that of the latter. As seen in these studies, the agents differ appreciably from each other in their behavior. These differences were discussed to be due to the character of the particle such as size, etc. And other reasons may lie in the differences of phagocytic activities of the liver and the spleen. (Evans, J.)

  11. Process modifications of obtaining Tc-99m by solvent extraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leon, A.; Verdera, S.

    1978-01-01

    This paper describes a modification in the process to obtaining Tc-99m by the extraction method of solvent from Mo-99 produced by irradiation. Tc-99m is considered an ideal radionuclide for medical and biological applications

  12. Comparison of biological properties of 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD Peptide trimer and dimer useful as SPECT radiotracers for tumor imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao, Zuo-Quan; Yang, Yong; Fang, Wei; Liu, Shuang

    2016-01-01

    Introduction: This study sought to evaluate a 99m Tc-labeled trimeric cyclic RGD peptide ( 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 ) as the new radiotracer for tumor imaging. The objective was to compare its biological properties with those of 99m Tc-3P-RGD 2 in the same animal model. Methods: HYNIC-4P-RGD 3 was prepared by reacting 4P-RGD 3 with excess HYNIC-OSu in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 was prepared using a kit formulation, and evaluated for its tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution properties in the BALB/c nude mice with U87MG human glioma xenografts. Planar and SPECT imaging studies were performed in athymic nude mice with U87MG glioma xenografts. For comparison purpose, 99m Tc-3P-RGD 2 (a α v β 3 -targeted radiotracer currently under clinical evaluation for tumor imaging in cancer patients) was also evaluated in the same animal models. Blocking experiments were used to demonstrate the α v β 3 specificity of 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 . Results: 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 was prepared with > 95% RCP and high specific activity (~ 200 GBq/μmol). 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 and 99m Tc-3P-RGD 2 shared almost identical tumor uptake and similar biodistribution properties. 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 had higher uptake than 99m Tc-3P-RGD 2 in the intestines and kidneys; but it showed better metabolic stability. The U87MG tumors were clearly visualized by SPECT with excellent contrast with 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 and 99m Tc-3P-RGD 2 . Conclusion: Increasing peptide multiplicity from 3P-RGD 2 to 4P-RGD 3 offers no advantages with respect to the tumor-targeting capability. 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 is as good a SPECT radiotracer as 99m Tc-3P-RGD 2 for imaging α v β 3 -positive tumors. -- Graphical abstract: This report presents evaluations of a 99m Tc-labeled cyclic RGD peptide trimer ( 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 ) as the new SPECT radiotracer for tumor imaging. It was found that 99m Tc-4P-RGD 3 was able to accumulate in the xenografted U87MG tumors with high specificity. Display Omitted

  13. Regional differences between {sup 99m}Tc-ECD and {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO SPET in perfusion changes with age and gender in healthy adults

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Inoue, Kentaro; Nakagawa, Manabu; Goto, Ryoi; Kinomura, Shigeo; Sato, Tachio; Sato, Kazunori; Fukuda, Hiroshi [Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai (Japan)

    2003-11-01

    A number of studies using single-photon emission tomography (SPET) have shown perfusion changes with age in several cortical and subcortical areas, which might distort the results of perfusion imaging studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. Technetium-99m labelled ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) are both used as markers of cerebral perfusion, but have different pharmacokinetics and retention patterns. The aim of this study was to determine whether age and gender effects on perfusion SPET differ depending on whether {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO or {sup 99m}Tc-ECD is used. Forty-five subjects (20 male and 25 female, mean age 52.8{+-}6.6 years) were assigned to {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO SPET (HMPAO group), and 39 subjects (24 male and 15 female, mean age 52.6{+-}6.7 years) to {sup 99m}Tc-ECD SPET (ECD group). SPET images were obtained about 10 min after intravenous injection of approximately 800 MBq {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO or {sup 99m}Tc-ECD using the same SPET scanner. Three-dimensional volumetric magnetic resonance imaging was performed to as7sess morphological changes in the grey matter. All image processing and statistical analyses were performed using SPM99 software. An area in the right anterior frontal lobe showed an increase in perfusion with age only in the HMPAO group, whereas areas in the bilateral retrosplenial cortex showed decreases in perfusion with age only in the ECD group; neither group showed corresponding changes in the grey matter. The present study shows that different effects of age on perfusion are observed depending on whether {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO and {sup 99m}Tc-ECD is used. This suggests that the results of perfusion SPET are differently confounded depending on the tracer used, and that perfusion SPET with these tracers has limitations when used in research on subtle perfusion changes. (orig.)

  14. [{sup 99m}Tc]TRODAT-1: a novel technetium-99m complex as a dopamine transporter imaging agent

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Meiping, Kung [Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Stevenson, D A [Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Ploessl, K [Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Meegalla, S K [Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Beckwith, A [Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Essman, W D [Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Mu, M [Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Lucki, I [Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); [Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); Kung, H F [Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States); [Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (United States)

    1997-04-01

    Technetium-99m is the most commonly used radionuclide in routine nuclear medicine imaging procedures. Development of {sup 99m}Tc-labeled receptor-specific imaging agents for studying the central nervous system is potentially useful for evaluation of brain function in normal and disease states. A novel {sup 99m}Tc-labeled tropane derivative, [{sup 99m}Tc]TRODAT-1, which is useful as a potential CNS dopamine transporter imaging agent, was evaluated and characterized. After i.v. injection into rats, [{sup 99m}Tc]TRODAT-1 displayed specific brain uptake in the rat striatal region (striatum-cerebellum/cerebellum ratio 1.8 at 60 min), where dopamine neurons are concentrated. The specific striatal uptake could be blocked by pretreating rats with a dose of competing dopamine transporter ligand, {beta}-CIT (or RTI-55, i.v., 1 mg/kg). However, the specific striatal uptake of [{sup 99m}Tc]TRODAT-1 was not affected by co-injection of excess free ligand (TRODAT-1, up to 200 {mu}g per rat) or by pretreating the rats with haloperidol (i.v., 1 mg/kg). The specific uptake in striatal regions of rats that had prior 6-hydroxydopamine lesion in the substantia nigra area showed a dramatic reduction. The radioactive material recovered from the rat striatal homogenates at 60 min after i.v. injection of [{sup 99m}Tc]TRODAT-1 showed primarily the original compound (>95%), a good indication of in vivo stability in brain tissue. Similar and comparable organ distribution patterns and brain regional uptakes of [{sup 99m}Tc]TRODAT-1 were obtained for male and female rats. (orig./AJ). With 4 figs., 6 tabs.

  15. Clinical evaluation of hepatic scintigraphy using sup 99m Tc-GSA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ishii, Katsumi; Nishiyama, Shogo; Nishimaki, Hiroshi; Tadokoro, Katsumi; Ikeda, Toshiaki; Matsubayashi, Takashi; Ishii, Kodo (Kitasato Univ., Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan). School of Medicine)

    1992-06-01

    Functional hepatic imaging was performed using {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA-galactosyl human serum albumin ({sup 99m}Tc-GSA), a radiolabeled ligand that reacts specifically to the asialoglycoprotein receptor that resides at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, in 21 patients: five with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 14 with compensative liver cirrhosis (LC), one with chronic inactive hepatitis and one with acute hepatitis. The former two diseases were mainly investigated. Serial liver images were acquired at the rates of 10 sec/frame for 0-5 min and 2 min/frame for 6-30 min after the injection of {sup 99m}Tc-GSA, and the images were compared with {sup 99m}Tc-phytase images in 2 patients with CAH and 11 with LC, and those with portal scintigrams using {sup 123}I-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in 3 patients with LC. The images using {sup 99m}Tc-GSA were in better agreement with hepatic function than those using {sup 99m}Tc-phytase, and with the findings of portal scintigraphy using {sup 123}I-IMP. LHL15 (liver/liver and heart radioactivities at 15 min after injection of {sup 99m}Tc-GSA) correlated with the hepaplastin test (r=0.978 in CAH, and r=0.544 in LC), indicators of hepatic reserve. These results suggest that liver scintigraphy using {sup 99m}Tc-GSA might be a useful method for evaluating liver function. (author).

  16. Clinical translation of a PSMA inhibitor for 99mTc-based SPECT

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Luna-Gutiérrez, Myrna; Ocampo-García, Blanca; Santos-Cuevas, Clara; Azorín-Vega, Erika; Jiménez-Mancilla, Nallely; Orocio-Rodríguez, Emmanuel; Davanzo, Jenny; García-Pérez, Francisco O.

    2017-01-01

    Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly over-expressed in advanced prostate cancers. 68 Ga-labeled PSMA inhibitors (iPSMA) are currently used for prostate cancer detection by PET imaging. The availability of simple, efficient and reproducible radiolabeling procedures is essential for developing new SPECT radiopharmaceuticals for clinical translation. The aim of this research was to prepare 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys(Nal)-Urea-Glu ( 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA) obtained from lyophilized kit formulations and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo radiopharmaceutical binding to prostate cancer cells over-expressing PSMA, as well as the 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA normal biodistribution in humans and the preliminary uptake in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: 99m Tc labeling was performed by adding sodium pertechnetate solution and a 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to a lyophilized formulation containing HYNIC-iPSMA, EDDA, tricine, mannitol and stannous chloride. The radiochemical purity was evaluated by reversed-phase HPLC and ITLC-SG analyses. Stability studies in human serum were performed by size-exclusion HPLC. In vitro cell uptake was tested using prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with blocked and non-blocked receptors. Biodistribution and tumor uptake were determined in LNCaP tumor-bearing nude mice with blocked and non-blocked receptors, and images were obtained using a micro-SPECT/CT. Whole-body images from three healthy men and two patients with histologically-confirmed prostate cancer (one of them with a previous 68 Ga-PSMA-617scan) were acquired at 1 h and 3 h after 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA administration with radiochemical purities of >98%. Results: In vitro and in vivo studies showed high radiopharmaceutical stability in human serum, specific recognition for PSMA, high tumor uptake (10.22 ± 2.96% ID/g at 1 h) with rapid blood clearance and mainly kidney elimination. Preliminary images in patients demonstrated the ability of 99m Tc

  17. Preoperative localization of parathyroid carcinoma using Tc-99m MIBI.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kitapçi, M T; Tastekin, G; Turgut, M; Caner, B; Kars, A; Barista, I; Bekdik, C

    1993-03-01

    A patient with parathyroid cancer is presented who underwent Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy. The Tc-99m MIBI image demonstrated increased accumulation of activity at the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe which was later confirmed as a parathyroid cancer. Uptake by parathyroid cancer must be kept in mind as a cause of increased Tc-99m MIBI accumulation when a disease is in question in the thyroid or parathyroid gland.

  18. 99mTc gel generators based on zirconium molybdate-99Mo: III: Influence of preparatory conditions of zirconium molybdate-99Mo gel on generator performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saraswathy, P.; Sarkar, S.K.; Arjun, G.; Ramamoorthy, N.; Nandy, S.K.

    2004-01-01

    The effect of subtle variations on zirconium molybdate- 99 Mo gel preparatory conditions, such as stoichiometry of reactants, pH of gel formation, conditioning of gel granules etc., prior to elution were investigated primarily to arrive at the conditions resulting in high 99m Tc release and minimal 99 Mo breakthrough upon elution with normal saline. Zirconium molybdate- 99 Mo gels were prepared by reacting solutions of Zr and Mo in mole ratios of 0.75-1.5. Both water and normal saline were used for gel disintegration, and the release of 99m Tc and 99 Mo from gel columns into eluates was compared. Sharper elution profile of 99m Tc, but with significantly higher 99 Mo breakthrough (5-8 times), was obtained when water alone was used for disintegration and elution, in comparison to when saline was used. Gels exhibiting optimum characteristics were found to be formed at a pH of 4-5 by reacting [Zr]: [Mo] in the mole ratio of 1.25: 1 and after drying, the product was dispersed into granules by disintegration with normal saline. 99m Tc elution efficiency was found to be ∝ 75% and 99 Mo breakthrough ∝ 0.05%. The elution profile was sharp when a 6 g gel column coupled to a 2 g acidic alumina column (to trap 99 Mo) was eluted with 6-9 ml normal saline. Generators containing upto 23 GBq 99 Mo were prepared, eluted extensively without changing the alumina column and found to provide pertechnetate of good quality, commensurate with hospital radiopharmacy requirements. (orig.)

  19. Direct labelling of monomeric antibody fragments Fab' with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Jun; Wang Shizhen; Yang Ziyi

    1994-01-01

    Direct labelling method and conditions of monomeric antibody Fab' with 99m Tc were investigated. Polyclonal antibody IgG was digested with ficin to produce dimeric fragments F(ab') 2 , which was subsequently reduced to monomeric fragments Fab' with 2-mercaptoethylamine. Finally, Fab' was incubated with sodium gluconate (Sn(II)) kit solution and 99m TcO 4 - eluted at room temperature to form 99m Tc-Fab'. The labelling efficiency was 85%-95%. The stability of labelled products was satisfactory and the elimination rate was faster than 99m Tc-IgG

  20. Whole body bone scintigram with sup(99m)Tc-phosphate compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oyamada, Hiyoshimaru; Orii, Hirotake; Tabei, Toshio; Ishibashi, Hiroyoshi.

    1975-01-01

    Among the compounds of four different types, which are sup(99m)Tc-polyphosphate suppled by A Company, sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate by B Company, and sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate of electrolysis method and sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate by C Company, sup(99m)Tc-diphosphonate showed the most favorable result with a constantly good scintigram quality. The remaining three compounds were found also favorable for clinical application. Besides these are undesirable accumulations, rather low energy of sup(99m)Tc-causes different pictures upon the anterior and the posterior views, and previously irradiated area shows a decreased uptake of these compounds. The usefulness of whole body scintigrams in the detection of metastatic bone tumors was also discussed. There was a definite superiority with this technique over the conventional X-ray study. Especially, in thoracic vertebrae, pelvic bone, and ribs, far many diseased areas were detected on the scintigrams than the areas which the physicians noticed or suspected the metastases. As a conclusion, although there are some problems on the scintigrams, it can be said that sup(99m)Tc-phosphate compounds are very useful in detection of metastatic bone tumors, especially with the help of whole body scanner. (JPN)

  1. Comparative pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies of {sup 99m}Tc-annexin V produced by different radiolabeling methods

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, Josefina da Silva; Pujatti, Priscilla Brunelli; Couto, Renata Martinussi; Mengatti, Jair; Araujo, Elaine Bortoleti de, E-mail: jssantos@usp.b, E-mail: priscillapujatti@yahoo.com.b, E-mail: renatamartinussicouto@yahoo.com.b, E-mail: jmengatti@ipen.b, E-mail: ebaraujo@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2009-07-01

    The use of radiolabeled annexin A5 (ANXA5) to detect cell death in vivo has increased in the last years. Several {sup 99m}Tc-labeling techniques were reported using different cores, such as [{sup 99m}Tc=O]{sup +3}, [{sup 99m}Tc]HYNIC, [{sup 99m}Tcident toN]{sup +2} and [Tc(CO{sub 3})]{sup +1}. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the influence of {sup 99m}Tc cores in the biological behavior of radiolabeled ANXA5 in Swiss mice using [{sup 99m}Tc=O]{sup +3}, [{sup 99m}Tc]HYNIC cores. Ethylenedicysteine (EC) was applied to obtain [Tc=O]{sup +3} core, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl(succinimide) uranium tetrafluoroborate (TSTU) was employed to transfer the carboxyl group to their corresponding hydroxysuccinimide ester and HYNIC-ANXA5 was provided by National Cancer Institute-Frederick. ITLC-SG and HPLC analysis were applied to determine non-desirable products and the stability of preparations was evaluated after incubation at room temperature, 4 deg C and in human serum at 37 deg C. In vivo biodistribution and kinetics studies were performed after the intravenous injection of {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-ANXA5 and {sup 99m}Tc-EC-ANXA5 and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Biexp software. ANXA5 was radiolabeled at room temperature with high yield (> 95%). The results of biodistribution in mice showed, as expected, higher renal uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-HYNICANXA5 and higher liver uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-EC-ANXA5. The percent injected activity per gram (% IA/g) in liver at 0.5 hours were 6.52 and 1.09 and in kidneys were 1.59 and 32.2 for {sup 99m}Tc-EC-ANXA5 and {sup 99m}Tc-HYNICANXA5, respectively. The results of radioactivity in blood showed that both HYNIC- and EC- radiolabeled ANXA5 presented fast blood clearance. In this study two {sup 99m}Tc-ANXA5 obtained from three different available radiolabeling methods presently were investigated. Each labeling method possesses unique advantages and disadvantages. (author)

  2. Renal excretion of /sup 99m/Tc-diphosphonate in osteomalacia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Macfarlane, J.D.; Khairi, M.R.A.; Ricciardone, M.; Wellman, H.N.; Johnston, C.C. Jr.

    1979-01-01

    Bone scans were performed on a patient with osteomalacia using /sup 99m/technetium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (/sup 99m/Tc-EHDP). The renal excretion of /sup 99m/Tc-EHDP was measured and the results were compared with those obtained in 4 patients with idiopathic osteoporosis

  3. Evaluation of radiochemical purity and stability of 99mTc-HSA complex in fluid for peritoneal dialysis in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marciniak, M.; Przedlacki, J.; Baczynski, D.; Wankowicz, Z.

    1996-01-01

    Human serum albumin (HSA) labeled with 131 I or 99m Tc was adopted in isotopic diagnostics for evaluation of volume and dynamics of vascular system. Because of high doses absorbed by patient's body due to long half-life period and high energy of 131 I application of 99m Tc (low energy, short half-life) to HSA labelling would be useful. Condition for applying of 99m Tc-HSA in monitoring of peritoneal dialysis kinetics is complex stability during four-hour period in peritoneal dialysis conditions. Evaluation of stability of 99m Tc-HSA complex in period from 30 minutes to 4 hours after complex preparation was done by means of paper radiochromatography and column chromatography. Additionally, separation of the complex after one- and four-hour incubations with solutions for peritoneal dialysis was done. The studies carried out proved stability of the complex during 4-hour period after preparation and incubation with solutions for peritoneal dialysis. 99m Tc-HSA complex content was above 98% at all time intervals. The result obtained point out possibility of replacing of albumin labeled with 131 I by albumin labeled with 99m Tc

  4. Occupational exposure to 99mTc and 131I in a radiopharmacy room

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Valle, Bruna P.; Cunha, Kenya Dias da; Sa, Lidia Vasconcellos de; Souza, Wanderson; Santos, Maristela; Medeiras, Geiza; Conceicao, Cirilo S.

    2009-01-01

    Brazil has about 310 nuclear medicine services and 90% of these services use Molybdenum/Technetium generators to prepare several radiopharmaceuticals to diagnostics; about 70% use also 131 I for diagnosis and therapy. These radionuclides are associated to compounds in liquid form and during the manipulation to prepare and administer the patient dose some radioactive airborne particle can be generated. As consequence the workers can be exposed to airborne particles in the respirable fraction containing 99m Tc and 131 I. The aim of this study is develop a simple and rapid method to verify if the exhaust systems installed in the SMN are efficient in preventing the inhalation of radionuclides airborne particles by workers. In order to estimate the occupational exposure a nuclear medicine service was selected and aerosol samples were collected using personal air sampler with a cyclone. The samples were analyzed using a germanium detector system and the 99m Tc and 131 I average concentrations were obtained as 16,6 ± 14,34 mBq/m 3 and 0.72 ± 0.36 mBq/m 3 , respectively. It was not observed a correlation among air concentration and total activity processed in laboratory. These results show that the worker inhales airborne particles containing 99m Tc and 131 I. (author)

  5. Production of $^{99}$?? and $^{99m}$Tc in the $^{100}$Mo($\\gamma, n$) Photonuclear Reaction at the Electron Accelerator - MT-25 Microtron

    CERN Document Server

    Sabelnikov, A V; Gustova, M V; Dmitriev, S N

    2004-01-01

    $^{99}$Mo was obtained in the $^{100}$Mo($\\gamma, n$) reaction at the electron accelerator - MT-25 microtron of the LNR. A foil of $^{\\rm nat}$Mo(9.6{\\%} $^{100}$Mo) and $^{100}$MoO$_{3}$ powder (100{\\%} ^{100}$Mo) were used as targets. The $^{99}$Mo radiation yield under experimental conditions amounted to 3.2 kBq/$\\mu $A$\\cdot $h$\\cdot $mg of $^{100}$Mo. The $^{99m}$Tc isolation from the target material and other radioactive impurities was realized by means of ion exchange. A possibility of use of the $^{99}$Mo/$^{99m}$Tc generator based on molybdenumcarbonyl was investigated. The radioactive impurity content in the final $^{99m}$Tc preparations did not exceed 10$^{-5}$ Bq/Bq.

  6. Technetium-99m labeled radiodiagnostic agents and method of preparation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1976-01-01

    A method of preparing improved technetium-99m labelled radiodiagnostic agents by reducing sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate with stannous tartrate is given. Human serum albumine (HSA) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-disodiumphosphonate (HEDSPA), which are useful in scintigraphic examinations of the lung and bone, were labelled in this way

  7. Development of superior bone scintigraphic agent from a series of {sup 99m}Tc-labeled zoledronic acid derivatives

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lin Jianguo [Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063 (China); Qiu Ling, E-mail: qiulingwx@gmail.com [Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063 (China); Cheng Wen [Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063 (China); Luo Shineng, E-mail: shineng914@yahoo.com.cn [Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063 (China); Xue Li; Zhang Shu [Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063 (China)

    2012-05-15

    Two novel zoledronic acid (ZL) derivatives, 1-hydroxy-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (IBDP) and 1-hydroxy-5-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pentane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (IPeDP), were prepared and labeled with the radionuclide technetium-99m in a high labeling yield. In vitro stabilities of these radiolabeled complexes were measured by the radio-HPLC analysis as a function of time, which showed excellent stability with the radiochemical purity of over 95% at 6 h post preparation. Their in vivo biological performances were evaluated and compared with those of {sup 99m}Tc-ZL and {sup 99m}Tc-MDP (methylenediphosphonic acid). The biodistribution in mice and scintigraphic images of the rabbit showed that the tracer agent {sup 99m}Tc-IPeDP had highly selective uptake in the skeletal system and rapid clearance from the blood and soft tissues and an excellent scintigraphic image can be obtained in a shorter time post injection with clear visualization of the skeleton and low soft tissue activity. These preclinical studies suggest that {sup 99m}Tc-IPeDP would be a novel superior bone scintigraphic agent. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Two novel diphosphonic acids were labeled with the {sup 99m}Tc in high labeling yield. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 99m}Tc-IPeDP had high uptake in skeletal system and rapid clearance from blood. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 99m}Tc-IPeDP reveals attractive biological features as superior bone scanning agent.

  8. Preliminary studies of 99mTc labeled fatty acid analogs for myocardial imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo Yuzhi; Kung, H.F.; Mack, R.H.

    1988-01-01

    Radio iodine labelled fatty acid analogs are potential myocardial imaging agents for SPECT. In this paper are reported three new 99m Tc labbeled fatty acid analogs: 9 '9 m Tc-BAT-TDA, 99m Tc-BAT-PDA and 99m Tc-BAT-H x DA. Ligand exchange reaction with 99m Tc stannous glucoheptonate in 50% aqueous ethanol is used for labelling. The yield of reactions is 87%, 70%, 49% respectively. 99m Tc-fatty acid is purified by extraction into chloroform and the purity as determined by reverse phase HPLC is 98%. In order to determine the structure of Tc-BAT-fatty acid, 99 Tc-BAT-PDA is synthesized with 99 Tc ammonium pertechnetate in 50% citric acid buffer (pH=6)/ethanol using stannous chloride as the reducing agent. 99 Tc-BAT-PDA displays the expected Tc=O UV absorption at 420nm and strong peak at 900cm -1 in the FTIR spectrum. Biodistribution studies of three 99m Tc-fatty acid analogs are conducted in rats using 125 I-ω- (p-iodophenyl) -penta-decanoic acid (IPPDA) as internal standard. The initial heart uptake of them is significantly lower than that of 125 I-IPPDA

  9. Investigation of {sup 99m}Tc-labelling of recombinant human interleukin-2 via hydrazinonicotinamide

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karczmarczyk, Urszula, E-mail: ukarczmarczyk@o2.p [Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw (Poland); Garnuszek, Piotr; Maurin, Michal [Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw (Poland); Di Gialleonardo, Valentina [Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale S. Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome (Italy); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen (Netherlands); Galli, Filippo [Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale S. Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome (Italy); Signore, Alberto [Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale S. Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome (Italy); Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen (Netherlands); Mikolajczak, Renata [Institute of Atomic Energy, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Swierk (Poland)

    2010-10-15

    Introduction: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) when radiolabelled with {sup 99m}Tc has been proved useful in imaging the side of lymphocytic infiltration in patients with autoimmune disorders and plays a significant role as a T-cell imaging agent. However, the labelling procedures used so far appeared to be rather complex and laborious. The aim of present study was to develop an efficient procedure of {sup 99m}Tc-labelling of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) via hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) to develop a dry kit formulation. Methods: Various molar ratios of rhIL-2/HYNIC (from 1:2 to 1:12) were used at the conjugation step. The conjugates were purified on a PD-10 column to remove the excess of unbound HYNIC, as well as of any aggregates. The final peptide concentration was quantified by the BCA method, and the number of HYNIC molecules incorporated into a rhIL-2 molecule was determined based on the reaction with 2-sulfobenzaldehyde. The {sup 99m}Tc-labelling was optimized using various amounts of HYNIC-rhIL-2, {sup 99m}Tc, SnCl{sub 2}, tricine and nicotinic acid (NA). Quality control included GF-HPLC, ITLC, SDS-PAGE and biological assay. Biodistribution studies were performed in Swiss mice and Wistar rats. Results: Generally, the highest radiolabelling yields were achieved when the HYNIC-rhIL-2 conjugates of ca. 2-4 HYNIC molecule substitution ratios were used. The optimal pH of the reaction medium was found to be in the range of 6.5 to 7.0. GF-HPLC analysis indicated that monomer and aggregates of {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-rhIL-2 are formed during radiolabelling. At optimized conditions of wet radiolabelling, the {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-rhIL-2 monomer was obtained with radiochemical purity >99%, specific activity of ca. 4 GBq/mg rhIL-2 and overall yield of ca. 65%. The two-vial freeze-dried kit was prepared: the first vial contained 30 {mu}g HYNIC-rhIL-2, co-ligands, buffer and antioxidant; the second vial contained tricine and SnCl{sub 2}. The monomer of {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-rhIL-2

  10. An exploratory study on 99mTc-RGD-BBN peptide scintimammography in the assessment of breast malignant lesions compared to 99mTc-3P4-RGD2.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qianqian Chen

    Full Text Available This study aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of single photon emission computed tomography / computerized tomography (SPECT/CT using a new radiotracer 99mTc-RGD-BBN for breast malignant tumor compared with 99mTc-3P4-RGD2.6 female patients with breast malignant tumors diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology biopsy (FNAB who were scheduled to undergo surgery were included in the study. 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 and 99mTc-RGD-BBN were performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT at 1 hour after intravenous injection of 299 ± 30 MBq and 293 ± 32 MBq of radiotracers respectively at separate day. The results were evaluated by the Tumor to non-Tumor ratios (T/NT. 99mTc-RGD-BBN and 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SPECT/CT images were interpreted independently by 3 experienced nuclear medicine physicians using a 3-point scale system. All of the samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to evaluate the integrin αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR expression. The safety, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 99mTc-RGD-BBN were also evaluated in the healthy volunteers.No serious adverse events were reported in any of the patients during the study. The effective radiation dose entirely conformed to the relevant standards. A total of 6 palpable malignant lesions were detected using 99mTc-RGD-BBN SPECT/CT with clear uptake. All malignant lesions were also detected using 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SPECT/CT. The results showed that five malignant lesions were with clear uptake and the other one with barely an uptake. 4 malignant cases were found with both αvβ3 and GRPR expression, 1 case with only GRPR positive expression (integrin αvβ3 negative and 1 case with only integrin αvβ3 positive expression (GRPR negative.99mTc-RGD-BBN is a safe agent for detecting breast cancer. 99mTc-RGD-BBN may have the potential to make up for the deficiency of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 in the detection of breast cancer with only GRPR positive expression (integrin

  11. Tc-99m imaging agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weininger, J.; Trumper, J.

    1984-01-01

    A wide range of pharmaceuticals for labeling with Tc-99m, developed by the Soreq Radiopharmaceuticals Department, is described. Details of the production and quality control of 13 kits are given, as well as the range of results required for consistently high quality imaging agents

  12. Performance tests on new chromatographic material for 99Mo-99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sombrito, Elvira Z.; Bulos, Adelina D.M.

    2004-01-01

    Technetium-99m continues to be the main workhorse of nuclear medicine in the Philippines. Almost 13TBq of 99m Tc was imported to the country in 2002 supplied as 99m Tc- 99 Mo generators. These generators make use of fission molybdenum adsorbed onto an alumina column. Problems associated with the alumina chromatographic generators arise due to safety and economic issues that would be remedied by gel-type generators using low specific activity reactor-produced molybdenum-99 adsorbed on a high capacity gel column material. The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) exerted efforts in this direction by developing a gel-type column, which showed satisfactory molybdenum adsorptive capacity. Likewise, Kaken Co. in Japan in cooperation with Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) developed a dried form of a gel-type polyzirconium compound (PZC). It is a ready-to-use high molybdenum capacity column material for adsorbing reactor-produced molybedum-99. The performance of this material is being tested under the framework of the FNCA project on Research Reactor Utilization. Performance tests on four batches of PZC were performed using fission molybdenum eluted from a 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator. A total of 3.3 GBq 99 Mo was extracted from an alumina column of a commercial generator and mixed with carrier molybdenum solution. About 0.67 GBq was loaded into each of the 12 x 90 mm column. One batch was prepared and distributed in 1999 and tests showed very poor elution yield of 30%. Three recent batches of PZC (2002) gave elution yields of 71% (Range of 69-75). The adsorptive capacity is 99% with about 4% desorption rate. Elution volume is at 5-6 ml. Daily elution for five days gave from 1.6 to 5.5% variability. The tests were performed all at the same time and a trend of improving elution yield and consistency of daily elution yield was observed with the time of testing nearer to the sample preparation date. X-ray diffraction analysis showed an amorphous structure for

  13. Study of the elution 99Mo-99mTc generators produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

    2007-01-01

    Over the last years 99m Tc has become a very important asset in modern nuclear medicine, due to the emission of gamma ray of optimal energy (140 keV) and a suitable half-life (6.04 h). A further attribute of 99m Tc is its formation from the decay of 99 Mo and the availability from 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator systems. The most common and practical generator types consist of a chromatographic column packed with aluminium oxide, onto which the highly purified fission product 99 Mo (imported from Canada) is adsorbed in the form of molybdate. 99m Tc is further eluted with saline solution. The objective of this work is to study the performance and the elution profile of 99m Tc from high activity generators in order to decrease molybdenum and aluminium concentration. The experiments involved the use of paper filters and Sep Pak columns and also the changing in the time interval between elutions. 99 Mo breakthrough was measured using a dose calibrator and aluminium by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The best results were achieved using a Sep Pak column containing neutral aluminium oxide. (author)

  14. Synthesis and evaluation of novel Tc-99m labeled NGR-containing hexapeptides as tumor imaging agents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Woo Hyoung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

    2015-02-01

    Asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR)-containing peptides targeting aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 can be an excellent candidate for targeting ligands in molecular tumor imaging. In this study, we developed two NGR-containing hexapeptides, and evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99m labeled hexapeptides as molecular imaging agents in an HT-1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing murine model. Peptides were synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiochemical purity of Tc-99m was evaluated using instant thin-layer chromatography. The uptake of two NGR-containing hexapeptides within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro. In HT-1080 fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice, gamma images were acquired. A biodistribution study was performed to calculate percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g). Two hexapeptides, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-NGR and NGR-ECG were successfully synthesized. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, the complexes Tc-99m hexapeptides were prepared in high yield. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-NGR within the tumor cells had been assured by in vitro studies. The gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-NGR was accumulated substantially in the subcutaneously engrafted tumor. However, Tc-99m NGR-ECG was accumulated minimally in the tumor. Two NGR-containing hexapeptides, ECG-NGR and NGR-ECG were developed as molecular imaging agents to target APN/CD13 in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma. Tc-99m ECG-NGR showed a significant uptake in the tumor, and it is a good candidate for tumor imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  15. Biodistribution studies of 99mTc-labeled myoblasts in a murine model of muscular dystrophy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Colombo, F.R.; Torrente, Y.; Casati, R.; Benti, R.; Corti, S.; Salani, S.; D'Angelo, M.G.; DeLiso, A.; Scarlato, G.; Bresolin, N.; Gerundini, P.

    2001-01-01

    The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to evaluate the myoblast labeling of various 99m Tc complexes and to select the complex that best accomplishes this labeling, and second to evaluate the biodistribution of myoblasts labeled with this complex using mice with MDX muscular dystrophy (the murine homologue of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy). The following ligands were used to prepare the corresponding 99m Tc complexes: hexakis-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI), bis(2-ethoxyethyl)diphosphinoethane (Tf), (RR,SS)-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-undecane-2,10-dione-bisoxime (HM-PAO), bis(N-ethyl)dithiocarbamate (NEt), and bis(N-ethoxy, N-ethyl)dithiocarbamate (NOEt). One million murine myoblasts were incubated for 30-60 minutes with 5 mCi of each of the 99mTc complexes prepared from the above ligands. Viability was assessed by microscopic counting after trypan blue staining, and the radioactivity absorbed in the cells was measured after centrifugation. The compound with the highest uptake in cellular pellets was [ 99m Tc]N-NOEt. The biodistribution of myoblasts labeled with this complex was evaluated after intraaortic injection in dystrophic mice. Such an approach has the potential of effecting widespread gene transfer through the bloodstream to muscles lacking dystrophin

  16. Comparative analysis of 99mTc-depreotide and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC thorax scintigrams acquired for the purpose of differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Płachcińska, Anna; Mikołajczak, Renata; Kozak, Józef; Rzeszutek, Katarzyna; Kuśmierek, Jacek

    2006-01-01

    Aiming at comparison of diagnostic efficacy of 2 radiopharmaceuticals: 99mTc-depreotide (Neospect, Amersham) and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide (Tektrotyd, Polatom), in differentiation between malignant and benign etiology of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), radionuclide studies with 2 radiotracers were performed in 18 patients. For both radiopharmaceuticals the same acquisition and processing protocols were applied. Studies were acquired with SPECT technique, after administration of 740 MBq of activity. Scintigrams were assessed visually, as: positive (+), equivocal (+/-) and negative (-). Additionally, uptake intensity of both radiotracers in nodules was assessed semiquantitatively, using a tumour-to-background ratio. Verification of scintigraphic results was based in 14 cases upon a pathological examination of tumour samples (histopathology) and in the remaining 4 - on clinical observation and bacteriological studies. Normal scintigrams obtained with both radiopharmaceuticals differed significantly. 99mTc-depreotide was markedly accumulated in spine, sternum, ribs and lungs (mean lung/heart ratio = 2.2). This accumulation was not observed on 99mTc- -EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigrams (mean lung/heart ratio = 0.7). In 6 patients a malignant etiology--lung cancer--was revealed (5--adenocarcinoma, 1--squamous cell) and the other 12 cases turned out to be benign (4 hamartomas, 3 tuberculomas, a tuberculous infiltrate, an alien body with inflammatory reaction, a hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue and 2 cases of unknown etiology, from which one had a stable size and the other resolved during a 6 month observation period). In all 6 cases of lung cancer positive results were obtained with both tracers. Moreover, in 2 patients metastases in mediastinum could be observed on scintigrams obtained with both radiopharmaceuticals. From among 12 cases of benign etiology 6 99mTc-depreotide scintigrams were true negative, 1--equivocal and 5--false positive, whereas 6 99mTc

  17. Preparation and assessment of [99mTc]technetium aquacarbonyl complexes with 1,2-diaminoethane-N-substituted ligands for tumor detection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radin, Adriano

    2010-01-01

    Over least 15 years the complex [[ 99m Tc](H 2 0) 3 (CO) 3 ] + has been used as an intermediary to obtain technetium radiopharmaceuticals for applications in cardiology, neurology and oncology. Two important characteristics of this molecule are: the facility for obtaining that compound from aqueous solutions and the easiness of substituting H 2 O molecules by atoms of other ligand molecules. In this project we prepared new complexes [[ 99m Tc](CMN S001-3 )(H 2 O)(CO) 3 ] + , where (CMNS001) = N-[(4-methoxy) benzyl]-1,2-diaminoethane, (CMNS003) = N,N'-bis-[(4-methoxy)benzyl]-1,2-diaminoethane, and assessed the uptake of these complexes in murine melanoma cancer cell B16F10 and breast cells MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231, and compared with [[ 99m ](MIBI) 6 ] + uptake. In vitro uptake for both new technetium complex reached values close to 5%, for all cell lines, whereas the [[ 99m Tc](MIBI) 6 ] + uptake was close to 1 %. The assessment of subcellular distribution showed high accumulation of the new complex in the membrane fraction, for MDAMB-231, while for B16F10 accumulation occurred both in membrane and cytoplasm; the concentration of [[ 99m Tc](MIBI) 6 ] + was mainly in the cytoplasm portion. Biodistribution study in mice allowed to observe the capture of up to 1.6% of the administered dose per gram of tumor tissue for the complex [[ 99m Tc](CMNS001)(H 2 O)(CO) 3 ] + , whereas other organs such as heart, lung and muscle, showed uptake of about 5.6%, 6.4% and 2%, respectively. The complexes in this work showed a high rate of uptake in vitro, but was not reproduced in vivo model, which can be related to low concentration of the complexes inside the cells and reduced vascularity of tumor tissue, with lower intake of complex through the blood system. (author)

  18. The {sup 99m}Tc generator using poly zirconium chloride (PZC)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wan Awang, Wan Anuar; Dahalan, Rehir; Kasim, Shaaban [Medical Technology Div., Malaysian Inst. for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT), Selangor (Malaysia)

    1998-10-01

    The {sup 99m}Tc generator system has been prepared using poly zirconium chloride (PZC) to replace alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) as a adsorbent. The Mo-98 (MoO{sub 3}) was irradiated using our 1 MW TRIGA MARK II research reactor. The amount of Mo-99 adsorbed to the PZC has been studied and the yield from the elution was about 20%. (author)

  19. Feasibility of dual radionuclide brain imaging with I-123 and Tc-99m

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ivanovic, M.; Weber, D.A.; Loncaric, S.; Franceschi, D.

    1994-01-01

    A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous dual radionuclide brain imaging with 123 I and 99m Tc using photopeak image subtraction techniques or offset photopeak image acquisition. The contribution of the photons from one radionuclide to a second radionuclide's photopeak energy window (crosstalk) was evaluated for SPECT and planar imaging of a brain phantom containing 123 I and 99m Tc for a range of activity levels and distribution properties approximating those in rCBF images of the adult human brain. Crosstalk was evaluated for 10% symmetrical energy windows centered on the 123 I and 99m Tc photopeaks and for 10% energy windows asymmetrically placed to the left and right of the center of the respective photopeaks. It was observed that the centered photopeak windows, 99m Tc crosstalk in the 123 I window is 8.9% of the 99m Tc seen in the 99m Tc window and ranges from 37.5% to 75.0% of the 123 I in the 123 I window. 123 I crosstalk is 37.8% of the 123 I seen in the 123 I window and ranges from 4.4% to 8.9% of the 99m Tc seen in the 99m Tc window. The spatial distribution of a radionuclide's crosstalk photons differs from that observed in the radionuclide's photopeak window. A 99m Tc photopeak window offset to the left does not decrease 123 I crosstalk, and the percentage of 99m Tc scattered photons is significantly increased in the window. Offsetting the 123 I window to the right decreases 99m Tc crosstalk to 9.0% to 17.9% of the 123 I counts, but decreases 123 I sensitivity by 39.9%. Offsetting both photopeak windows to the right decreases the 99m Tc scattered photons in the 99m Tc window, but increases 123 I crosstalk to 17.0% to 33.8% of the 99m Tc counts

  20. Characterization of 99m Tc-Macroaggregates formulation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rivero Santamaria, Alejandro; Alfonso Marin, Yumisley; Zayas Crespo, Francisco; Mesa Duennas, Niurka; Rodriguez Fernandez, Rolando

    2009-01-01

    The aim of this paper was to study the formation and radiolabelling of 99m Tcalbumin macroaggregates. Comparatives studies of three formulations to establish the role of denaturalization and Sn 2+ in the formulation of 99m TcSnMAA were carried out. A qualitative structural analysis of human serum albumin was performed in order to give a description of the studied system using a graph model. The results showed important differences in the radiochemical behavior of the three formulations. 99m TcSnMAA (A) formulation had the best behavior, with radiochemical purity close to 95% and dissociation below 20% after 24 h of being radiolabeled. The graph model explained with simple representations the process involved in the studied system; thus allowing a better knowledge of it. (author)

  1. In Vitro Evaluation of Tc-99m Radiopharmaceuticals for Gastric Emptying Studies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Türkan Ertay

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Gastrointestinal motility and functional motility disorders causing either delayed or accelerated gastric emptying (GE may result in similar symptoms including nausea, vomiting, early satiety, fullness, bloating, and abdominal discomfort or pain. Hence, it is important to evaluate patients for both rapid and delayed GE in the same test. The gold standard technique to measure GE is scintigraphy by radiolabeled test meals. The aim of this study was to test alternative Tc-99m agents to label eggs as the solid meal and compare to Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC for gastric emptying studies. Methods: In search of alternative agents for gastric emptying studies, we mixed and fried eggs with four different particulate compounds (Tc-99m labeled SC, tin colloid, nanocolloid and MAA, as well as with free pertechnetate and Tc-99m DTPA. We then measured the stability of these compounds in simulated gastric juice. Results: Our experiments demonstrated that in addition to Tc-99m sulfur colloid;Tc-99m MAA, Tc-99m nanocolloid and Tc-99m tin colloid also appear to make stable complexes with eggs in acidic environment. Conclusion: Therefore, these agents may be used for gastric emptying studies which could be more practical in routine conditions.

  2. A freeze dried kit formulation for the preparation of {sup 99m} Tc labelled human polyclonal IgG for the detection of infection and inflammation; Desarrollo del nucleo equipo {sup 99m} Tc-IgG humana para la deteccion `In vivo` de procesos inflamatorios

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pedraza L, M

    1996-11-01

    A freeze dried kit formulation for the preparation of {sup 99m}Tc-labelled human polyclonal IgG for the detection of infection and inflammation employing direct methods for protein labeling was developed. The method comprises reduction of intrinsic disulphide bridges within the antibody molecule by the use of the reductant 2-mercaptoethanol. Following a subsequent purification, the resulting reduced antibody is labeled via Sn{sup 2+} reduction of pertechnetate in the presence of a weak competing ligand ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP). High labeling efficiencies (>90%) were obtained with high in vitro stability and without effect upon antibody immunoreactivity. Methods of analysis were also established permitting identification of radiochemical impurities which may be present in radiopharmaceutical solution. {sup 99m} Tc-polyclonal IgG prepared by the kit method was evaluated for scintigraphic localization of inflammatory lesions and abscesses in rabbits. Data demonstrated that the {sup 99m} Tc-polyclonal IgG after kit-reconstitution shows excellent stability and is an effective imaging agent of infection and/or inflammation. (Author).

  3. In vitro studies of leukocyte labeling with /sup 99m/Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uchida, T.; Vincent, P.C.

    1976-01-01

    A method for labeling leukocytes in vitro with /sup 99m/Tc is described. Separated leukocytes are incubated with /sup 99m/Tc, followed by reduction with stannous chloride and washing with acid citrate dextrose solution. Maximum labeling occurs after at least 5 min incubation with pertechnetate, followed by at least 10 min incubation with stannous chloride. Labeling is similar at room temperature and at 37 0 C. The labeled leukocytes are viable, and reutilization of label does not occur in vitro. In acid conditions (pH 5.2), the elution of /sup 99m/Tc from leukocytes is comparable with that of 32 P-diisopropylfluorophosphate, but /sup 99m/Tc elution is greater at pH 7.2 to 7.4. Neutrophils label more heavily with /sup 99m/Tc than do monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, or platelets

  4. Plasma clearance and biodistribution of oxidatively modified 99mTc-ß-VLDL in rabbits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva E.L.

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available The biodistribution and removal from plasma (measured as fractional clearance rate, FCR, per hour of native and oxidatively modified 99mtechnetium-labeled ß-very low density lipoprotein (99mTc-ß-VLDL were investigated in hypercholesterolemic (HC and control (C three-month old New Zealand rabbits. The intracellular accumulation of ß-VLDL labeled with 99mTc was studied in vitro in THP-1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from rabbits. After intravenous injection into C rabbits, copper-oxidized ß-VLDL (99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL was cleared from the circulation faster (0.362 ± 0.070/h than native ß-VLDL (99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL, 0.241 ± 0.070/h. In contrast, the FCR of 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL in HC rabbits was lower (0.100 ± 0.048/h than that of 99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL (0.163 ± 0.043/h. The hepatic uptake of radiolabeled lipoproteins was lower in HC rabbits (0.114 ± 0.071% injected dose/g tissue for 99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL and 0.116 ± 0.057% injected dose/g tissue for 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL than in C rabbits (0.301 ± 0.113% injected dose/g tissue for 99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL and 0.305 ± 0.149% injected dose/g tissue for 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL. The uptake of 99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL and 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL by atherosclerotic aorta lesions isolated from HC rabbits (99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL: 0.033 ± 0.012% injected dose/g tissue and 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL: 0.039 ± 0.017% injected dose/g tissue was higher in comparison to that of non-atherosclerotic aortas from C rabbits (99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL: 0.023 ± 0.010% injected dose/g tissue and 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL: 0.019 ± 0.010% injected dose/g tissue. However, 99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL and 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL were taken up by atherosclerotic lesions at similar rates. In vitro studies showed that both monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from rabbits and THP-1 macrophages significantly internalized more 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL than 99mTc-nat-ß-VLDL. These results indicate that in cholesterol-fed rabbits 99mTc-ox-ß-VLDL is slowly cleared from plasma and accumulates in

  5. In vitro effect of cyclophosphamide on the binding of radiopharmaceuticals (99m Tc O4- and 99m Tc-MDP) to blood elements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ripoll-Hamer, E.; Paula, E.F. de; Bernardo Filho, M.; Freitas, L.C.; Fonseca, L.M.; Gutfilen, B.

    1995-01-01

    Using an in vitro model, it was evaluated the effect of cyclophosphamide on percent radioactivity of 99m Tc O - 4 and methylene diphosphonic acid ( 99m Tc-MDP) bound to isolated blood elements. Blood samples were incubated with the two radiopharmaceuticals, plasma and blood cells were separated and precipitated, and soluble and insoluble fractions were separated. To evaluate the effect of cyclophosphamide, blood was incubated with this drug 1 h prior to the addition of the radiopharmaceuticals. The fraction of 99m Tc O - 4 radioactivity was slightly higher in plasma (61.2 to 53.8%) than in blood cells (38.8 to 46.2%) up to 6 h. The amount of 99m Tc - MDP radioactivity was higher in plasma (91.1 to 87.2%) than in blood cells (8.9 to 12.8%) up to 24 h. The binding of 99m Tc O - 4 to the insoluble fraction of plasma (4.9 to 6.1%) was low. But a small blockade (9.8 to 4.8%) was observed at 24 h. From 3 h on, cyclophosphamide slightly inhibited 99m Tc O - 4 binding to blood cells (23.1 to 16.6%) and increased it at 24 h (31.2 to 14.3%). The effect of cyclophosphamide was strongest at 24 h, with decreased radioactivity binding to the insoluble fraction of plasma (47.6 to 27.0%) and blood cells (51.2 to 23.2%). The fact that cyclophosphamide can bind to plasma proteins and/or cross the cell membrane explains in part the results obtained. (author). 20 refs., 2 tabs

  6. Transport of /sup 99m/Tc complexes through the blood-brain barrier

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loberg, M.D.; Corder, E.H.; Fields, A.T.; Callery, P.S.

    1979-01-01

    Thirteen /sup 99m/Tc complexes have been synthesized and used to determine the relationships between protein binding, lipophilicity and membrane transport. The lipophilicity of the /sup 99m/Tc complexes was altered by adding substituents to either IDA, EDTA, DTPA or oxine; membrane transport was estimated using the brain uptake index (BUI) method. The BUI of the /sup 99m/Tc complexes was found to vary directly with lipophilicity and inversely with protein binding. These results demonstrated that /sup 99m/Tc-oxine derivatives are better suited for use in the development of intracellular tracers than are the /sup 99m/Tc derivatives of aminopolycarboxylates

  7. Studies of liver scintigram by sup(99m)Tc-sodium phytate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abe, Masahide; Matsui, Kengo; Chiba, Kazuo; Yamada, Hideo; Iio, Masahiro

    1974-01-01

    Inositol hexaphosphate occurs in nature either free or in compounds (phytic acid). It is soluble in water and becomes a microcolloid by chelating serum calcium after intravenous injection, and forming insoluble calcium phytate, which undergoes reticuloendothelial localization. Case reports were made on all patients who had liver scan studies between August and December, 1973. Eighty-eight patients were studied with a total of 96 liver scans with sup(99m)Tc-phytate. Among these, the hepatic blood flow of eighteen were studied with sup(99m)Tc-phytate and 198 Au-colloid simultaneously. Labeling of sup(99m)Tc-phytate was easy, it remained stable for a long time and only a few free technetium were revealed (labeling yield: average 93.6%). The blood clearance of sup(99m)Tc-phytate was slower than that of 198 Au-colloid. This suggests that the liver scan must begin more than twenty minutes after the injection. Comparing their affinities for the reticuloendothelial system, sup(99m)Tc-phytate shows a greater accumulation in the spleen than does 198 Au-colloid. sup(99m)Tc-phytate is a useful diagnostic scanning agent of the liver and spleen. Because of its superior physical characteristics excellent scans are readily obtained with minimal radiation to the patient and there have been no side effects who have received sup(99m)Tc-phytate. (author)

  8. 99M-TC MIBI-an indicator of active disease in multiple myeloma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raluca Mititelu; Serban Ghita; Catalin Mazilu; George Marinescu

    2004-01-01

    Purpose: to evaluate the role of 99mTc-MIBI in the assessment of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma and to demonstrate how different patterns of 99mTc-MIBI uptake are reflecting the activity of the disease. Material and method: 27 patients with documented MM were studied, 14M, 13 F, median age 62 years, range 31 - 78. 7 MPI (myocardial perfusion imaging) patients served as controle. Diagnosis and staging of the disease were based on standard criteria: 5 patients in stage I, 7 in stage II, 15 in stage III. The disease activity was determined by clinical and biological assessment and the aspect of bone marrow biopsy. 17 patients had active disease (2 patients in stage I, 4 in stage II, 11 in stage III), 10 patients had not' clinical and biological criteria of active disease. All patients included in the group of active disease underwent radiological examination, 99mTc-MDP whole-body scan and 99mTc-MIBI whole-body scan. MRI was performed in 5 patients with active disease (2 in stage I, 1 in stage II, 2 in stage lib - for evaluation of spine involvement. In the other group (patients with clinical and biological criteria of non-active disease), due to high cost of investigations, we performed whole-body 99mTc-MIBI scan, as the oncologist referred us the patient for monitoring therapeutic response. Whole-body 99mTc-MIBI scans were obtained 20 rain after iv injection of 740 MBq 99mTc-MIBI, in anterior and posterior views, with a dual-head gamma camera Philips -Axis. Results: In the group of patients with active disease (17 patients) we found three different patterns of pathologic 99mTc-MIBI uptake: focal uptake in different sites in 9 patients, diffuse uptake in 4, both focal and diffuse uptake in 3; no pathologic uptake was seen in 1 patient (probably due to overexpression of Pglycoprotein). In the other group, with non-active disease criteria (10 patients), we found normal aspect of 99mTc-MIBI uptake in 8 patients; 2 patients had diffuse increased

  9. Reference Ranges in [(99m)Tc]Mercaptoacetyltriglycerine Renography

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rewers, Kate I; Hvidsten, Svend; Gerke, Oke

    2015-01-01

    PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to define reference ranges for quantitative parameters in [(99m)Tc]mercaptoacetyltriglycerine ([(99m)Tc]MAG3) renography to assist interpretation in a semi-automated (Xeleris, GE) compared to a manual (Picker, Odyssey) software package. PROCEDURES: Forty......-eight subjects approved for renal donation were evaluated with [(99m)Tc]MAG3 renography using both the Xeleris and the Picker software. RESULTS: Reference ranges for the two software were comparable regarding the relative function of the two kidneys (the split function, SF) and the residual activities (RA......). The time to peak whole-kidney activities (T max whole-kidney) was more dependent on the type of software. Using Bland-Altman limits, we found good and acceptable agreement between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: We found good correlation between renography results using the Xeleris and Picker software...

  10. Synthesis, quality control and biodistribution of 99mTc-Kanamycin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roohi, S.; Mushtaq, A.; Jehangir, M.; Malik, S.A.

    2006-01-01

    Kanamycin is an antibiotic used for treatment of infections when penicillin or other less toxic drugs cannot be used. Kanamycin was labeled with technetium-99m pertechnetate using SnCl 2 x 2H 2 O as reducing agent. The labeling efficiency depends on the ligand/reductant ratio, pH, and volume of reaction mixture. Radiochemical purity and stability of 99m Tc-Kanamycin was determined by thin layer chromatography. Biodistribution studies of 99m Tc-Kanamycin were performed in rats and rabbits. A significantly higher accumulation of 99m Tc-Kanamycin was seen at sites of S. aureus infected animals (rat/rabbit). (author)

  11. In vitro and in vivo comparison of binding of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watanabe, N.; Gunma Univ. School of Medicine; Oriuchi, N.; Inoue, T.; Sugiyama, S.; Kuroki, M.; Matsuoka, Y.; Tanada, S.; Murata, H.; Sasaki, Y.

    1999-01-01

    Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for radioimmunodetection (RAID) of murine anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (MAb) F33-104 labeled with technetium-99m (99m-Tc) by a reduction-mediated labeling method. Methods: The binding capacity of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA by means of in vitro procedures such as immunoradiometric assay and cell binding assay and the biodistribution of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 in normal nude mice and nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 tumor were investigated and compared with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26. Results: The in vitro binding rate of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA in solution and attached to the cell membrane was significantly higher than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/261 (31.4 ± 0.95% vs. 11.9 ± 0.55% at 100 ng/mL of soluble CEA, 83.5 ± 2.84% vs. 54.0 ± 2.54% at 10 7 of LS 180 cells). In vivo, accumulation of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 was higher at 18 h postinjection than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26 (20.1 ± 3.50% ID/g vs. 14.4 ± 3.30% ID/g). 99m-Tc-activity in the kidneys of nude mice bearing tumor was higher at 18 h postinjection than at 3 h (12.8 ± 2.10% ID/g vs. 8.01 ± 2.40% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104, 10.7 ± 1.70% ID/g vs. 8.10 ± 1.75% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26). Conclusion: 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 is a potential novel agent for RAID of recurrent colorectal cancer. (orig.) [de

  12. Development and preclinical characterisation of 99mTc-labelled Affibody molecules with reduced renal uptake

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ekblad, Torun; Karlstroem, Amelie Eriksson; Tran, Thuy; Orlova, Anna; Feldwisch, Joachim; Widstroem, Charles; Abrahmsen, Lars; Wennborg, Anders; Tolmachev, Vladimir

    2008-01-01

    Affibody molecules are low molecular weight proteins (7 kDa), which can be selected to bind to tumour-associated target proteins with subnanomolar affinity. Because of rapid tumour localisation and clearance from nonspecific compartments, Affibody molecules are promising tracers for molecular imaging. Earlier, 99m Tc-labelled Affibody molecules demonstrated specific targeting of tumour xenografts. However, the biodistribution was suboptimal either because of hepatobiliary excretion or high renal uptake of the radioactivity. The goal of this study was to optimise the biodistribution of Affibody molecules by chelator engineering. Anti-HER2 Z HER2:342 Affibody molecules, carrying the mercaptoacetyl-glutamyl-seryl-glutamyl (maESE), mercaptoacetyl-glutamyl-glutamyl-seryl (maEES) and mercaptoacetyl-seryl-glutamyl-glutamyl (maSEE) chelators, were prepared by peptide synthesis and labelled with 99m Tc. The tumour-targeting capacity of these conjugates was compared with each other and with the best previously available conjugate, 99m Tc-maEEE-Z HER2:342, in nude mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts. The tumour-targeting capacity of the most promising conjugate, 99m Tc-maESE-Z HER2:342, was compared with radioiodinated Z HER2:342 . All novel conjugates demonstrated successful tumour targeting and a low degree of hepatobiliary excretion. The renal uptakes of serine-containing conjugates, 33±5, 68±21 and 71±10%IA/g, for 99m Tc-maESE-Z HER2:342 , 99m Tc-maEES-Z HER2:342 and 99m Tc-maSEE-Z HER2:342 , respectively, were significantly reduced in comparison with 99m Tc-maEEE-Z HER2:342 (102 ± 13%IA/g). For 99m Tc-maESE-Z HER2:342 , a tumour uptake of 9.6±1.8%IA/g and a tumour-to-blood ratio of 58±6 were reached at 4 h p.i. A combination of serine and glutamic acid residues in the chelator sequence confers increased renal excretion and relatively low renal uptake of 99m Tc-labelled Affibody molecules. In combination with preserved targeting capacity, this improved imaging of targets

  13. Hypoxia-induced redox alterations and their correlation with {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI and {sup 99m}Tc-HL-91 uptake in colon cancer cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abrantes, Ana Margarida [Biophysics/Biomathematics Institute, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Centre of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal)], E-mail: mabrantes@ibili.uc.pt; Silva Serra, Maria Elisa [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-535 Coimbra (Portugal); Goncalves, Ana Cristina [Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Centre of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Rio, Joana; Oliveiros, Barbara; Laranjo, Mafalda [Biophysics/Biomathematics Institute, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Rocha-Gonsalves, Antonio Manuel [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-535 Coimbra (Portugal); Centre of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Sarmento-Ribeiro, Ana Bela [Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Centre of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Filomena Botelho, Maria [Biophysics/Biomathematics Institute, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal); Centre of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra (Portugal)

    2010-02-15

    Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the Western world and is an example of a solid tumour in which hypoxia is a common feature and develops because of the inability of the vascular system to supply adequate amounts of oxygen to growing tumours. Hypoxia effects on tumour cell biology can be detected and characterized using different methods. The use of imaging with {gamma}-emitting radionuclides to detect hypoxic tissue was first suggested by Chapman in 1979 [N Engl J Med 301 (1979) 1429-1432]. {sup 99m}Tc-4,9-diaza-3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecan-2,11-dione dioxime, also known as {sup 99m}Tc-HL-91, has been among the most studied hypoxia markers. The objective of this study was to correlate the uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-HL-91 and {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI in colon cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and to compare this information with some parameters such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of the cells analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results show that the in vitro {sup 99m}Tc-HL-91 uptake is higher in hypoxic conditions, which is confirmed by the decreased uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-MIBI. Flow cytometry results demonstrate that hypoxic conditions used are not enough to induce cellular death, but are responsible for the alterations in the intracellular redox environment, namely, increase of ROS production, proteic pimonidazol-derived adduct formation and alteration in the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Therefore, these results confirm that {sup 99m}Tc-HL-91 is a radiopharmaceutical with favourable characteristics for detecting hypoxia.

  14. 99mTc-stannous colloid white cell scintigraphy in childhood inflammatory bowel disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peacock, Kenneth; Porn, Ute; Howman-Giles, Robert; O'Loughlin, Edward; Uren, Roger; Gaskin, Kevin; Dorney, Stuart; Kamath, Ramanand

    2004-02-01

    99mTc-Labeled white cell scintigraphy (WCS) has been used for the investigation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults, but data on children are limited. The most common agent used is (99m) Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO); however, this agent has limitations. In a retrospective study, we assessed the use of (99m)Tc-stannous colloid WCS for the initial evaluation of children with suspected IBD. Diagnostic, endoscopic, and contrast radiography results were retrospectively collected from the medical records. Two experienced nuclear physicians unaware of the patient data interpreted the WCS results, with agreement reached by consensus. Statistical analysis was performed on the ability of WCS to detect active disease and localize it topographically and on a comparison of diagnostic methods, using a combination of clinical features and endoscopy as the reference standard. Between 1996 and 1999, 64 patients (35 male and 29 female; mean age, 12.5 y; age range, 2-19 y) had WCS performed, with IBD subsequently diagnosed in 34 patients. (99m)Tc-Stannous colloid WCS had an 88% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 8.8 likelihood ratio for initial investigation of IBD. Agreement was poor for topographic localization of disease. Small-bowel series had a 75% sensitivity, 50% specificity, and 1.5 likelihood ratio for detecting endoscopic disease of the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Our results confirm that WCS is a useful imaging technique for the initial evaluation of patients with suspected IBD. (99m)Tc-Stannous colloid had results at least comparable to those of other WCS agents, and in children, (99m)Tc-stannous colloid WCS should be preferred in view of lower cost, shorter preparation time, and the smaller blood volumes required.

  15. Technetium-99m-labelled monoclonal antibody fragment (99mTc-DD-3B6/22Fab') for ovarian cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandes, V.; Donaghy, T.; Prabakaran, K.; Smith, S.; Clingan, P.; Bartolo, N.; Bundesen, P.; Hillyard, C.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: This study is the first to assess 99m Tc-DD-3B6/22Fab'' as an agent for detecting OC recurrence. Five informed consenting volunteers with stages 3 or 4 OC (mean age 54.2 y) and with negative skin prick test to Fab'' were recruited. All had suspicion of OC recurrence, with elevated serum tumour marker CA125, and in some, OC confirmation on CT scans. Aggressive treatment was continued so that tumour regression was possible prior to 99m Tc-DD-3B6/22Fab''scan. CA125, FBC, biochemical and clot markers were measured pre-and post-study. All received IV 600-800 MBq of 99 mTc-DD-3B6/22Fab''. Temperature, pulse and BP were monitored for one hour. Data were acquired with a single head LFOV gamma camera and HIRES collimator at 1,4,6 and 24 hours. Studies were read for OC lesions which were scored as probably normal (PN) or abnormal (PAb), definitely abnormal (DAb). The gold standard was CA125 immediately post-scan and, when possible, confirmation with CT. Of 5 patients, 1 was disease negative with 99 mTc-DD-3B6/22Fab'', CA125 suggesting remission, and 4 were positive on all modalities (Sensitivity, specificity, 100% respectively). 99 mTc-DD-3B6/22Fab'' identified 15 lesions (100% DAb). CT detected 7 lesions (71% Dab) pre- 99 mTc-DD-3B6/22Fab''. Repeat CT detected 8 (100% DAb). Correlation with CA125 levels was best with 99 mTc-DD3B6/22Fab''. No side effects or adverse change in serum markers were noted. 99 mTc-DD-3B6/22Fab'' is sensitive and specific for detecting OC recurrence

  16. Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy (SRS) with 99m-Tc HYNIC-TOC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zarlenga, A.C.; Parma, P.; Arashiro, J.; Castiglia, S.; Obenaus, E.

    2002-01-01

    Background: This compound is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin by conjugating the Hydrazinocotinamide (Hynic) to Tyr 3 -Octreotide (Toc) radiolabeling via quelation with 99m Tc. Purpose: We have analyzed the feasibility in detecting neuroendocrine tumors (NET) by somatostatin receptor with 99m Tc Hynic-Toc. Methods: After comparative studies between 99m Tc Hynic-Toc and 111 In (pentetreotide) with excellent correlation, we have performed 48 scintigrams with 99m Tc Hynic-Toc. 35 patients with suspicions of NET were included (19 women, 16 men. Age range 22-75 y). We have performed planar images at 1,2,24 hs and tomographic images at 150 min after intravenous injection of 740 MBq 99m Tc Hynic-Toc. We compare the results with other diagnosis modalities and /or the histopathological findings after biopsy or surgery. Results: True Positive:17; True Negative:11; False Positive: 4; False Negative:3. Specificity=73.3%; Sensitivity=85%; Accuracy=80%; Not adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: 99m Tc Hynic-Toc is not limited availability of the isotope. It is a suitable radiopharmaceutical for in vivo evaluation to define tumor receptor status, staging, and for identification of patients who may benefit from therapy with somatostatin. The tumor uptake at 24 hs allows a better visualization of abdominal tumor sites. Tc Hynic-Toc is an alternative to 111 In-pentetreotide for imaging somatostatin receptor positive tumors. The study was offered to patients whom the scintigraphy with 111 In-pentetreotide offers a diagnosis alternative with high specificity and accessible cost

  17. 99mTc-diethyl-IDA chloescintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, J. W.; Oh, K. C.; Bae, B. H.; Kim, Y. S.; Park, B. H.

    1981-01-01

    For many years, 131 I-rose bengal has been used as the main hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical. The undesirable physical characteristics of the radioiodine, however, finally prevented its widespread use in clinical medicine. In recent years, a number of hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals employing 99m Tc and 123 I as indicator have been introduced. 99m Tc-diethyl-IDA is a most promising one in these agents. Cholescintigraphy, using 99m Tc-diethyl-IDA was performed in 10 normal subjects and 32 patients suffering from various hepatobiliary disturbances, from Sep. -'79 to Aug-' 80, at the department of radiology, Maryknoll Hospital. The following results are obtained: 1. In normal fasting subjects, the liver, GB, CBD, and the proximal portion of small bowel are clearly delineated within 30 min after the injection. After a fatty meal, the radioactivity of the liver and CBD is notably disappeared with increase of the activity in GB and small bowel. 2. A dilatation of the main biliary ducts is a pathognomomic sign of partial mechanical obstructive disorders and a key point of D.Dx from hepatocellular disorders. 3. In cases of complete biliary obstruction, the radioactivity of the liver, CBD, and small bowel is not separated and the background activity is markedly increased. The kidneys are well visualized. 4. In severe hyperbilirubinaemia of above 10mg%, this method is not valuable

  18. Performance testing of PZC generators for 99mTc production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bulos, Adelina DM.

    2006-01-01

    The report briefly describes the performance testing done on seven batches of polyzirconium column (PZC) material. PZC is a ready-to-use high molybdenum-capacity column material for adsorbing reactor-produced 99 Mo. The PZC material was manufactured by Kaken Co in Japan and was sent to PNRI for performance evaluation. Fission molybdenum was eluted from a commercial 99 Mo - 99m Tc generator. The eluted 99 Mo in a molybdenum carrier solution was adsorbed on PZC through a series of procedures. The mixture was decanted to a 90 x 12 mm glass column. 99m Tc was eluted with saline solution. The parameters measured were Tc 99m yield, %molybdenum adsorption and desorption, elution profile and radiochemical purity. (author)

  19. Asialoglycoprotein-receptor-targeted hepatocyte imaging using {sup 99m}Tc galactosylated chitosan

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Eun-Mi [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Hwan-Jeong [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of)]. E-mail: jayjeong@chonbuk.ac.kr; Kim, Se-Lim [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of); Sohn, Myung-Hee [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of); Nah, Jae-Woon [Division of Applied Materials Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam (Korea, Republic of); Bom, Hee-Seung [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Park, In-Kyu [School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Chong-Su [School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2006-05-15

    This study investigated the usefulness of {sup 99m}Tc hydrazinonicotinamide-galactosylated chitosan (HGC) in hepatocyte imaging. HGC was obtained by coupling the galactose moiety of both lactobionic acid and succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate hydrochloride (succinimidyl HYNIC). The coupled product was then radiolabeled with {sup 99m}Tc using stannous chloride and tricine as reducing agent and coligand, respectively. Labeling efficiency was >90% both in room temperature and in serum up to 24 h after injection. The hepatic uptake properties of {sup 99m}Tc HGC were studied in Balb/C mice. {sup 99m}Tc HGC and {sup 99m}Tc hydrazinonicotinamide chitosan (HC) were intravenously injected into mice, with receptor binding identified by coinjection with 9 and 14 mg of free galactose. Images were acquired with a {gamma}-camera. After injection via the tail vein of the mice, {sup 99m}Tc HGC showed high selectivity for the liver, while {sup 99m}Tc HC without a galactose group showed low liver uptake. In addition, the hepatic uptake of {sup 99m}Tc HGC was blocked by coinjection of free galactose. Tissue distribution was determined at three different times (10, 60 and 120 min). The liver accumulated 13.16{+-}2.72%, 16.11{+-}5.70% and 16.55{+-}2.28% of the injected dose per gram at 10, 60 and 120 min after injection, respectively. {sup 99m}Tc HGC showed specific and rapid targeting of hepatocytes. It is a promising receptor-specific radiopharmaceutical with potential applications in liver imaging for the evaluation of hepatocytic function.

  20. Phenolic aminocarboxylate chelates of sup(99m)Tc as hepatobiliary agents

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hunt, F.C.; Maddalena, D.J.; Wilson, J.G.; Bautovich, G.J.

    1986-01-01

    A series of alkyl- and halogen-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine di(omicron-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl) ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) were complexed with sup(99m)Tc and their biodistribution was determined in rats. All complexes displayed substantial hepatobiliary excretion; of each series, sup(99m)Tc-Br-EDDHA and sup(99m)Tc-di-Cl-HBED had the maximum amount in the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies of sup(99m)Tc-Cl-EDDHA in dogs revealed prompt imaging of the liver followed by imaging of the gall bladder as the complex was excreted into the bile.

  1. Phenolic aminocarboxylate chelates of sup(99m)Tc as hepatobiliary agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hunt, F.C.; Maddalena, D.J.; Wilson, J.G.; Bautovich, G.J.

    1986-01-01

    A series of alkyl- and halogen-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine di[omicron-hydroxyphenylacetic acid] (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis[2-hydroxybenzyl] ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) were complexed with sup(99m)Tc and their biodistribution was determined in rats. All complexes displayed substantial hepatobiliary excretion; of each series, sup(99m)Tc-Br-EDDHA and sup(99m)Tc-di-Cl-HBED had the maximum amount in the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies of sup(99m)Tc-Cl-EDDHA in dogs revealed prompt imaging of the liver followed by imaging of the gall bladder as the complex was excreted into the bile. (author)

  2. The Use of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution for (n,γ99Mo/99mTc Generator Based on Zirconium-Based Material (ZBM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Saptiama

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The many problems in preparing fission product 99Mo led into this work to develop 99Mo/99mTc generator using neutron-irradiated natural MoO3 targets and, more specifically, to develop a zirconium-based material (ZBM for chromatography columns that have an adsorption capacity of more than 100 mg Mo/g ZBM. This paper reports our recent experiments in the use of sodium hypochlorite solution of various concentrations to improve the yield of 99mTc in performance of (n,γ99Mo/99mTc generators based on the ZBM. The synthesized ZBM was coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate for improving the hardness of the material. The adsorption of [99Mo]molybdate into ZBM was carried out by reacting ZBM into [99Mo]molybdate solution at 90°C to form ZBM-[99Mo] molybdate. ZBM-[99Mo]molybdate was then packed into generator column, then eluted with 10 × 1 mL of saline followed by 1 × 5 mL of NaOCl solution. The NaOCl solution concentrations used were 0.5%; 1%; 3%; and 5% for each column, respectively. This study resulted in a ZBM which has a 99Mo adsorption capacity of 167.5 ± 3.4 mgMo/g ZBM, as well as in a yield eluate of 99mTc of up to 70%, and the find that the optimum NaOCl concentration was 3%. The use of sodium hypochlorite solution affected 99Mo breakthrough. The higher sodium hypochlorite concentration used, the more 99Mo breaktrough exist on 99mTc eluate.

  3. 99mTc-HMPAO labeled leucocyte, 99mTc-labeled antigranulocyte antibody and 67Ga scintigraphy in the evaluation of painful hip and knee prosthetic replacements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliveira, S.; Pereira, L.; Joao, F.; Lima, J.

    2003-01-01

    Full text: Objective: To evaluate the utility of 99mTc-HMPAO labeled leucocyte, 99mTc-labeled anti-granulocyte antibody and 67Ga scintigraphy in patients suspected to have infected hip and knee replacements, from March/1998 to March/ 2002. Methods: Retrospective study of 33 patients (12 male, 21 female) with an average age of 61,1 ± 7,3 years. Nineteen had hip replacements and 14 were submitted to knee replacements. 99mTc-HMPAO labeled leucocyte scintigraphy was performed in 17 patients, 99mTc-labeled anti-granulocyte antibody scintigraphy in 13 patients and 67Ga scintigraphy in 3 patients. Twenty-six patients were also submitted to 3-phase 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy. Results were compared to those from studies with infection/inflammation agents. Concordant positive studies were considered to be a positive result for infection. A second study using 67Ga was also performed in 3 patients. Results: Diagnosis was based on surgical findings in 14 patients, pathologic study of biopsy specimen in 1 case and clinical/ imaging follow-up in 18 patients. Infection was detected in 22 cases and absent in 11. The conjoined evaluation of scintigraphic studies considered infection to be present in 20 cases and absent in 13. With infection/inflammation agents, 20 cases were positive (+) and 13 cases were negative (-). Using 99mTc-HMPAO labeled leucocytes, 12 cases were (+) and 5 cases were (-). With 99mTc-labeled anti-granulocyte antibodies, 8 cases were (+) and 5 were (-). With 67Ga, all 3 cases were (-). In patients with (+) studies using infection/ inflammation agents, a false positive case with 99mTc-HMPAO labeled leucocytes was reported. Two false negative cases were detected, both with 99mTc-labeled antigranulocyte antibodies, in patients with (-) studies. Regarding the studies with 99mTc-MDP, 24 were (+) and 2 were (-). Eighteen of these (+) cases were also (+) in studies with infection/inflammation agents, but 6 were (-) with these agents. Negative cases were also (-) in

  4. Genotoxic effect of radio marked lymphocytes using Tc-99m complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pedraza L, M.; Ferro F, G.; Mendiola C, M.T.; Morales R, P.

    1997-01-01

    The genotoxic effect of radio marked lymphocytes was evaluated using 99m -Tc-HMPAO and 99m -Tc- gentisic acid complexes. With the results of this work it is pretended to contribute to the knowledge of genetic and structural damages that provokes the radiation in the marked lymphocytes. The d, 1-HMPAO was synthesized in laboratory with a yielding of 30 %. The radiochemical purity of the complexes was greater than 85%. Mouse lymphocytes obtained of sanguineous volumes 2 ml were used. The radio marked efficiency of cells was 19.6 ± 6.4% and 25.6 ± 5.8% for 99m Tc-HMPAO and 99m Tc gentisic acid respectively. The genotoxic effect was evaluated using the technique of Unicellular Electrophoresis in Micro gel (Comet assay). The results showed that both 99m Tc complexes produce genotoxicity due to their capacity to penetrate cells, therefore the Auger and M internal conversion electrons place all their energy obtaining doses of Gray order. (Author)

  5. 99mTc labelled peptides for imaging of peripheral receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mustanser, J.; Anjum, A.

    2001-01-01

    Several peptides are being used as radiopharmaceuticals for receptor imaging scintigraphy. The peptide receptors are found in the tumours of various sites in the human body. Somatostatin is one of those, which is expressed by a variety of tumours say in brain cortex, medullary carcinoma of thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas and gut. Therefore neuropeptides based on somatostatin analogues are labelled with different radionuclide, 123 I and 111 In. Efforts are underway to label RC-160 (an analogue of somatostatin) with 99m Tc because of its favourable radiation dosimetry, short half-life, low price, high count rate and better diagnostic efficacy. In this project various methods of labelling RC-160 with different radionuclides 125 I and 99m Tc have been studied in detail. Radioiodination of RC-160 was tried with 125 I using the iodogen method as directed and then with Chloramine T method. Labelling of RC-160 peptide with 99m Tc was done using two different aspects. Direct labelling with 99m Tc and indirect labelling with 99m Tc using double chelating agents. Radiochemical quality control was carried out applying instant thin layer chromatography using ITLC-SG strips in 85% of methanol. Later the HPLC analysis was used for its evaluation. To label RC-160 with 99m Tc the approach of direct labelling was attempted first. 46% labelling could be achieved with 95% of radiochemical purity. The biodistribution of 99m Tc-RC-160 complex in rats has also been studied to determine uptake in various sites of somatostatin receptors. Eventually, attempt was made to synthesize biomolecule by conjugating Boc protected RC-160 with benzoyl MAG-3. As a result 80% of Boc-RC-160 went under conjugation with benzoyl MAG-3. (author)

  6. On-site preparation of technetium-99m labeled human serum albumin for clinical application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Yuhfeng; Chuang Meihua; Cham Thauming; Chung Meiing; Chiu Jainnshiun

    2007-01-01

    Technetium-99m labeled human serum albumin (Tc-99m HSA) is an important radiopharmaceutical for clinical applications, such as cardiac function tests or protein-losing gastroenteropathy assessment. However, because of transfusion-induced infectious diseases, the safety of serum products is a serious concern. In this context, serum products acquired from patients themselves are the most ideal tracer. However, the development of rapid separation and easy clinical labeling methods is not yet well established. Under such situation, products from the same ethnic group or country are now recommended by the World Health Organization as an alternative preparation. This article describes the on-site preparation of Tc-99m HSA from locally supplied serum products. Different formulations were prepared and the labeling efficiency and stability were examined. Radio-labeling efficiencies were more than 90% in all preparation protocols, except for one that omitted the stannous solution. The most cost-effective protocol contained HSA 0.1 mg, treated with stannous fluoride 0.2 mg, and mixed with Tc-99m pertechnetate 30 mCi. A biodistribution study was performed in rats using a gamma camera immediately after intravenous administration of radiolabeled HSA. Tissue/organ uptake was obtained by measuring the radioactivity in organs after sacrificing the rats at timed intervals. The biologic half-life was about 32 min, determined from sequential venous blood collections. These data indicate that our preparation of Tc-99m HSA is useful and potentially applicable clinically. In addition, this on-site preparation provides the possibility of labeling a patient's own serum for subsequent clinical application. (author)

  7. Imaging endocarditis with Tc-99m-labeled antibody--an experimental study: concise communication

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wong, D.W.; Dhawan, V.K.; Tanaka, T.; Mishkin, F.S.; Reese, I.C.; Thadepalli, H.

    1982-03-01

    The sensitivity and specificity of Tc-99m-labeled antibacterial antibody (Tc-99m Ab) for detecting bacterial endocarditis were evaluated in an experimental model. Rabbit-produced antistaphylococcal antibody was extracted using Rivanol and chemically labeled with Tc-99m. This Tc-99m Ab was injected intravenously in New Zealand rabbits 24 hr after producing Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis of the aortic valve. Imaging and tissue analyses were performed on the following day. All 11 animals developed S. aureus aortic-valve vegetations and showed increased uptake of Tc-99m Ab at the aortic valve, 118 times higher than at the uninfected tricuspid valve. Although high hepatic radioactivity and anatomic uncertainties interfered with in vivo delineation of these lesions, images of the excised hearts showed all affected valves. Two rabbits inoculated with Escherichia coli did not develop endocarditis and had little uptake of Tc-99m Ab, while six rabbits with enterococcal endocarditis had no uptake of the Tc-99m Ab in their vegetations. The findings suggest potential value of Tc-99m Ab on the rapid diagnosis of endocarditis.

  8. Imaging endocarditis with Tc-99m-labeled antibody--an experimental study: concise communication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wong, D.W.; Dhawan, V.K.; Tanaka, T.; Mishkin, F.S.; Reese, I.C.; Thadepalli, H.

    1982-01-01

    The sensitivity and specificity of Tc-99m-labeled antibacterial antibody (Tc-99m Ab) for detecting bacterial endocarditis were evaluated in an experimental model. Rabbit-produced antistaphylococcal antibody was extracted using Rivanol and chemically labeled with Tc-99m. This Tc-99m Ab was injected intravenously in New Zealand rabbits 24 hr after producing Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis of the aortic valve. Imaging and tissue analyses were performed on the following day. All 11 animals developed S. aureus aortic-valve vegetations and showed increased uptake of Tc-99m Ab at the aortic valve, 118 times higher than at the uninfected tricuspid valve. Although high hepatic radioactivity and anatomic uncertainties interfered with in vivo delineation of these lesions, images of the excised hearts showed all affected valves. Two rabbits inoculated with Escherichia coli did not develop endocarditis and had little uptake of Tc-99m Ab, while six rabbits with enterococcal endocarditis had no uptake of the Tc-99m Ab in their vegetations. The findings suggest potential value of Tc-99m Ab on the rapid diagnosis of endocarditis

  9. 99Mo production for using in the nuclear medicine in 99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurenkov, N.V.; Chuvilin, D.Yu.

    1999-01-01

    The review of methods and advanced technologies for obtaining 99 Mo in nuclear reactors is presented. The 99 Mo isotope is used for preparing the 99m Tc generators, widely applied in nuclear medicine. The reactor method for obtaining 99 Mo is based on the 98 Mo(n, γ) 99 Mo radiation capture reaction and 235 U fission reaction under the effect of the 235 U (n, f) 99 Mo reaction. The results of studies on obtaining 99 Mo on the charged particles accelerators, mainly, on the proton beam and under the effect of photonuclear reaction is also described. The data on the 99 Mo real consumption and forecast for its application in different regions of the world from 1994 up to 2006 are presented [ru

  10. Imaging of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Bivalent (99m)Tc-Hydroxamamide Complexes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iikuni, Shimpei; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Matsumura, Kenji; Yoshimura, Masashi; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Ishibashi-Ueda, Hatsue; Okamoto, Yoko; Ihara, Masafumi; Saji, Hideo

    2016-05-16

    Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by the deposition of amyloid aggregates in the walls of cerebral vasculature, is a major factor in intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment and is also associated closely with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported (99m)Tc-hydroxamamide ((99m)Tc-Ham) complexes with a bivalent amyloid ligand showing high binding affinity for β-amyloid peptide (Aβ(1-42)) aggregates present frequently in the form in AD. In this article, we applied them to CAA-specific imaging probes, and evaluated their utility for CAA-specific imaging. In vitro inhibition assay using Aβ(1-40) aggregates deposited mainly in CAA and a brain uptake study were performed for (99m)Tc-Ham complexes, and all (99m)Tc-Ham complexes with an amyloid ligand showed binding affinity for Aβ(1-40) aggregates and very low brain uptake. In vitro autoradiography of human CAA brain sections and ex vivo autoradiography of Tg2576 mice were carried out for bivalent (99m)Tc-Ham complexes ([(99m)Tc]SB2A and [(99m)Tc]BT2B), and they displayed excellent labeling of Aβ depositions in human CAA brain sections and high affinity and selectivity to CAA in transgenic mice. These results may offer new possibilities for the development of clinically useful CAA-specific imaging probes based on the (99m)Tc-Ham complex.

  11. Targeted functional imaging of estrogen receptors with {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Takahashi, Nobukazu; Yang, David J.; Kohanim, Saady; Oh, Chang-Sok; Yu, Dong-Fang; Azhdarinia, Ali; Kurihara, Hiroaki; Kim, E.E. [The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Houston, TX (United States); Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, Joe Y. [The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Radiation Oncology, Houston, TX (United States)

    2007-03-15

    To evaluate the feasibility of using {sup 99m}Tc-glutamate peptide-estradiol in functional imaging of estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] diseases. 3-Aminoethyl estradiol (EDL) was conjugated to glutamate peptide (GAP) to yield GAP-EDL. Cellular uptake studies of {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL were conducted in ER(+) cell lines (MCF-7, 13762 and T47D). To demonstrate whether GAP-EDL increases MAP kinase activation, Western blot analysis of GAP-EDL was performed in 13762 cells. Biodistribution was conducted in nine rats with 13762 breast tumors at 0.5-4 h. Each rat was administered {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL. Two animal models (rats and rabbits) were created to ascertain whether tumor uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL was via an ER-mediated process. In the tumor model, breast tumor-bearing rats were pretreated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) 1 h prior to receiving {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL. In the endometriosis model, part of the rabbit uterine tissue was dissected and grafted to the peritoneal wall. The rabbit was administered with {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL. There was a 10-40% reduction in uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL in cells treated with DES or tamoxifen compared with untreated cells. Western blot analysis showed an ERK1/2 phosphorylation process with GAP-EDL. Biodistribution studies showed that tumor uptake and tumor-to-muscle count density ratio in {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL groups were significantly higher than those in {sup 99m}Tc-GAP groups at 4 h. Among {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL groups, region of interest analysis of images showed that tumor-to muscle ratios were decreased in blocking groups. In the endometriosis model, the grafted uterine tissue could be visualized by {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL. Cellular or tumor uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL occurs via an ER-mediated process. {sup 99m}Tc-GAP-EDL is a useful agent for imaging functional ER(+) disease. (orig.)

  12. Combined bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-ciprofloxacin in differentiation of hip and knee prosthesis aseptic loosening and infection: A preliminary study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pucar Dragan

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Background/Aim. Although the number of new primary implantation of hip and knee prostheses every year increases, the rate of failed arthroplasty is nearly the same. The main question is whether it is an aseptic instability or instability caused by infection. The aim of this preliminary study was an attempt with combined 99mTc-ciprofloxacin and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP bone scintigraphy to improve diagnostic accuracy in the differentiation of hip and knee prosthesis aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection. Methods. Inclusion criteria of patients for this study were based on suspected periprosthetic joint infection: painful prosthetic joint, restricted joint movements and increased value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate or levels of C-reactive protein. We examined 20 patients with implanted 14 hip and 6 knee prosthesis. All patients also underwent plain radiography of suspected joint. In all patients, three-phase 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy was performed. Three to five days after the bone scan, we performed scintigraphy using 99mTc-ciprofloxacin with the calculation of accumulation index. Periprosthetic joint infection was confirmed on the basis of microbiological findings. Results. Periprosthetic joint infection was confirmed in fourteen of twenty observed joints, in five of them the aseptic loosening was present and in one patient’s symptoms were not related to the prosthesis (poor biomechanics of prosthetic joints caused by weaknesses of muscle. Estimated sensitivity/specificity for 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy alone were 100/17%; for 99mTc-ciprofloxacin scintigraphy were 85,7/100%. Sensitivity and specificity were 92,3% and 83,3%, respectively for results obtained with combined assessment by both methods. Our study confirmed the high negative predictive value of 99mTc-MDP bone scan. The negative result of bone scan virtually excludes the possibility of periprosthetic infection. On the other hand, positive findings of

  13. Clinical evaluation of lung scintigraphy with sup 99m Tc-technegas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Inoue, Tomio; Watanabe, Naoyuki; Oriuchi, Noboru; Tateno, Madoka; Tomiyoshi, Katsumi; Mitomo, Osamu; Hayakawa, Kazushige; Niibe, Hideo [Gunma Univ., Maebashi (Japan). School of Medicine; Sasaki, Yasuhito

    1990-12-01

    The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and clinical usefulness of the lung scintigraphy using {sup 99m}Tc-technegas produced by the evaporation of pertechnetate elution at 2500deg C. Lung images were recorded by the gammacamera-computer system after a few deep inspiration of {sup 99m}Tc-technegas. One healthy volunteer and 32 patients including 10 with lung cancer, 8 with chronic obstructive lung disease, 5 with pulmonary embolism, 2 with interstitial pneumonia, 2 with bronchiectasis and 12 with the other various diseases were studied. Delayed images were taken at more than 1 hour later in one healthy and 13 patients to investigate the interval changes of the intrapulmonary distribution of {sup 99m}Tc-technegas. Obvious difference of radioactive distribution between early and delayed images were observed in only 2/14 cases. Penetration index (P.I.) averaged 0.81{plus minus}0.11 for early images and 0.85{plus minus}0.12 for delayed images. There was no significant difference between P.I. for early and delayed images. More than 97 MBq of {sup 99m}Tc-macroaggregated albumin ({sup 99m}Tc-MAA) were required to obtain the adequate perfusion images after the acquisition of lung images with about 37 MBq of {sup 99m}Tc-technegas. Bronchial deposits of {sup 99m}Tc-technegas were shown in 12/33 cases and pathological defects in 26/32 patients (81.3%). Twenty three of 33 cases also had a perfusion scintigraphy with {sup 99m}Tc-MAA. Ventilation perfusion mismatches were presented in 5/5 patients with pulmonary embolism and 1/10 patients with lung cancer. The safety was confirmed in all cases and clinical usefulness in 30/32 patients (94%). In conclusion, the safety and clinical usefulness of the lung scintigraphy with {sup 99m}Tc-technegas were proven in this study. (author).

  14. 99mTc-rituximab radiolabelled by photo-activation: a new non-Hodgkin's lymphoma imaging agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gmeiner Stopar, T.; Fettich, J.; Hojker, S.; Mlinaric-Rascan, I.; Mather, S.J.

    2006-01-01

    Rituximab was the first chimeric monoclonal antibody to be approved for treatment of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It is directed against the CD20 antigen, which is expressed by 95% of B-cell NHLs. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of radiolabelling rituximab with 99m Tc for use as an imaging agent in NHL for early detection, staging, remission assessment, monitoring for metastatic spread and tumour recurrence, and assessment of CD20 expression prior to (radio)immunotherapy. Rituximab was purified from Mabthera solution (Roche), photo-activated at 302 nm by UV irradiation and radiolabelled with 99m Tc. The effectiveness of the labelling method was evaluated by determination of the number of free thiol groups per photoreduced antibody, radiochemical purity and in vitro stability of 99m Tc-rituximab. On average, 4.4 free thiol groups per photoreduced antibody were determined. Radiolabelling yields greater than 95% were routinely observed after storage of the photo-activated antibody at -80 C for 195 days. The direct binding assay showed preserved ability of 99m Tc-rituximab to bind to CD20, with an average immunoreactive fraction of 93.3%. The internalisation rate was proven to be low, with only 5.3% of bound 99m Tc-rituximab being internalised over 4 h at 37 C. Our results demonstrate that 99m Tc-rituximab of high radiochemical purity and with preserved binding affinity for the antigen can be prepared by photoreduction and that the method shows good reproducibility. 99m Tc-rituximab will be further explored as an imaging agent applicable in NHL for the purposes mentioned above. (orig.)

  15. 99mTc-MAG3 vs 99mTc-DMSA early images: A practice options for the study of renal morphology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fraxedas, R.; Reyes, L.; Rodriguez, J.L.; Perera, A.; Solano, M.E.; Sanchez del Campo, M.

    1997-01-01

    99m Tc- DMSA renal scans are considered a gold standard for the evaluations of cortical defects Nevertheless 99m Tc -MAG3 early images (1-2 min after administration) present clearly defined images of the renal parenchyma. In this work 37 patients with clinical suspicion of upper tract infection were studied with both tracers. Renal ages were evaluated for the presence of cortical defects in a blind fashion by a group of three experts and split function was calculated. Results were highly coincident. It is concluded that early 99mT c -MAG3 can be used to study renal morphology and patient irradiated can be reduced

  16. Comparison of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and HYNIC-TATE octreotide scintigraphy with FDG PET and 99mTc-MIBI in local recurrent or distant metastatic thyroid cancers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sager, Sait; Kabasakal, Levent; Halac, Metin; Maecke, Helmut; Uslu, Lebriz; Önsel, Çetin; Kanmaz, Bedii

    2013-05-01

    There have been various studies for early diagnosis of local recurrent or distant metastatic thyroid cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and 99mTc-HYNIC-TATE, octreotide derivatives, to detect recurrences or distant metastases in 131I-negative thyroglobulin positive thyroid cancer patients and to compare the lesions with FDG PET and 99mTc-MIBI studies in the same patient group. Twenty differentiated thyroid cancer patients, 7 male and 13 female, mean age 54.6 ± 15.3 (range 13-78 years), were included in this study. Eighteen patients had papillary thyroid cancer and 2 had follicular thyroid cancer. Fifteen patients received HYNIC-TOC and 5 patients received HYNIC-TATE as a radiopharmaceutical. All patients underwent whole-body scan 1 and 4 hours after injection of octreotide derivatives and SPECT imagings were performed from the suspicious sites. The lesions that were seen in 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and 99mTc-HYNIC-TATE studies were compared with 99mTc-MIBI and FDG-PET studies. Among 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and 99mTc-HYNIC-TATE scintigraphies, 15 patient studies were evaluated as true positive (75%) and 5 were false negative (25%). The total number of lesions in octreotide scintigraphy was 48 in 20 patients. Of 20 patients, 19 had FDG-PET study, 15 of them were evaluated as true positive (78.9%), and 4 them were evaluated as false negative (21.1%). Total number of lesions in FDG PET was 74. 99mTc-MIBI study was positive in 11 patients (55%) and negative in 9 patients (45%). Total number of lesions in 99mTc-MIBI was 25. Technetium-labeled somatostatin receptor scintigraphy analogues HYNIC-TOC and HYNIC-TATE are useful imaging alternatives in somatostatin receptor expressing thyroid cancer patients. Radiolabeling is easy and they are readily available for routine use.

  17. Clinical evaluation of tumor scintigraphy with sup(99m) Tc-bleomycin, (2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Odori, Teruo

    1979-01-01

    A comparative study with tumor scintigraphy using sup(99m) Tc-BLM and 67 Ga-citrate ( 67 Ga), bone scintigraphy and angiography was performed on various bone and soft tissue tumors. sup(99m) Tc-BLM was found to have an advantage over 67 Ga in sensitivity and specifity for malignant tumors. sup(99m) Tc-BLM also well delineated the extent of the malignant lesions; with particular usefullness in assessing the extent of the lesions of aggressive fibromatosis for the diagnosis and treatment. Bone scintigrams with phosphate compounds (sup(99m) Tc-PC) delineated the bone lesions clearly, reflecting the increased bone reaction. The combined study with sup(99m) Tc-PC and sup(99m) Tc-BLM made it very easy to define the nature and the extent of the lesions. Angiography was found to be an excellent preoperative means which delineated the extent of the lesions of bone and soft tissue and identify the nature. The combination study with sup(99m) Tc-BLM and angiography was proved to have the best sensivity (100%) and specifity (88%) in identifying the malignent tumors. (author)

  18. Clinical translation of a PSMA inhibitor for 99mTc-based SPECT.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Luna-Gutiérrez, Myrna; Ocampo-García, Blanca; Santos-Cuevas, Clara; Azorín-Vega, Erika; Jiménez-Mancilla, Nallely; Orocio-Rodríguez, Emmanuel; Davanzo, Jenny; García-Pérez, Francisco O

    2017-05-01

    Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly over-expressed in advanced prostate cancers. 68 Ga-labeled PSMA inhibitors (iPSMA) are currently used for prostate cancer detection by PET imaging. The availability of simple, efficient and reproducible radiolabeling procedures is essential for developing new SPECT radiopharmaceuticals for clinical translation. The aim of this research was to prepare 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys(Nal)-Urea-Glu ( 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA) obtained from lyophilized kit formulations and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo radiopharmaceutical binding to prostate cancer cells over-expressing PSMA, as well as the 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA normal biodistribution in humans and the preliminary uptake in patients with prostate cancer. 99m Tc labeling was performed by adding sodium pertechnetate solution and a 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to a lyophilized formulation containing HYNIC-iPSMA, EDDA, tricine, mannitol and stannous chloride. The radiochemical purity was evaluated by reversed-phase HPLC and ITLC-SG analyses. Stability studies in human serum were performed by size-exclusion HPLC. In vitro cell uptake was tested using prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with blocked and non-blocked receptors. Biodistribution and tumor uptake were determined in LNCaP tumor-bearing nude mice with blocked and non-blocked receptors, and images were obtained using a micro-SPECT/CT. Whole-body images from three healthy men and two patients with histologically-confirmed prostate cancer (one of them with a previous 68 Ga-PSMA-617scan) were acquired at 1h and 3h after 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA administration with radiochemical purities of >98%. In vitro and in vivo studies showed high radiopharmaceutical stability in human serum, specific recognition for PSMA, high tumor uptake (10.22±2.96% ID/g at 1h) with rapid blood clearance and mainly kidney elimination. Preliminary images in patients demonstrated the ability of 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA to detect tumors and metastases of

  19. Contact thermography, 99mTc-plasmin scintimetry and 99mTc-plasmin scintigraphy as screening methods for deep venous thrombosis following major hip surgery

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, S W; Wille-Jørgensen, P; Kjaer, L

    1987-01-01

    Fifty-six patients scheduled for total hip alloplasty were screened for deep venous thrombosis by means of 99mTc-plasmin scintimetry, 99mTc-plasmin scintigraphy and contact thermography. Investigations were performed on the seventh postoperative day, and a total of 112 legs were examined. Bilateral...

  20. Accumulation of sup 99m Tc-DTPA in neurofibroma of Recklinghausen disease

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Funasaki, Hiroki; Tomita, Yasuji; Kondo, Hidemaru; Shiba, Ritsu; Honma, Genki; Sai, Shitake; Urushibara, Nobuo; Murota, Kagehisa; Kawakami, Kenji (Jikei Univ., Tokyo (Japan). School of Medicine)

    1989-07-01

    The ability of scanning with Tc-99m DTPA to detect neurofibroma in Rechlinghausen's disease was evaluated in 8 patients with confirmed neurofibroma, whose ages ranged from 10 to 58 years. They were scanned 2 hours after i.v. injection of Tc-99m DTPA (20 mCi for adults and 10 mCi for children). Tc-99m DTPA was taken up by plexiform neurofibroma in 5 patients and by pachydermatocele in 4 patients. The uptake in plexiform neurofibroma was noticeable. In one patient who had systemic multiple epidermal neurofibromas, uptake of Tc-99m DTPA was not observed. Tc-99m DTPA scanning is considered to be an extremely useful technique in localizing masses in the chest and abdomen of patients with Rechlinghausen's disease. (N.K.).