Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
NELSON GUTIÉRREZ
2010-06-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta la construcción y validación inicial del instrumento GHYCAL (Gestión de la Higiene y Calidad, aplicable en el diagnóstico de los 7 planes previos de higiene y trazabilidad, necesarios para implantar un protocolo Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP en cualquier empresa del sector agroalimentario. Para su construcción se elaboró un primer instrumento que contenía 78 criterios relacionados con gestión de la higiene en la industria agroalimentaria, que fue sometido a un proceso de validación de contenido por expertos conocedores de temas relacionados con inocuidad, seguridad alimentaria e higiene de alimentos, utilizando la metodología conocida como sesiones Delphi; posteriormente, se realizó el cálculo de confiabilidad utilizando como medida de consistencia interna el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, mediante la aplicación del instrumento en 53 empresas del sector agroalimentario; por último, se determinó la validez de criterio, comparando los resultados de aplicación del instrumento GHYCAL con los resultados de aplicación del instrumento Safety and Quality on Food (S&Q, en las mismas 53 empresas del sector agroalimentario. El instrumento final compuesto por 77 ítems contenidos en 7 sets de preguntas que corresponden a los mismos prerrequisitos establecidos en el protocolo HACCP, obtuvo valores de alfa de Cronbach entre 0,83 y 0,94 para los sets de preguntas y de 0,98 para el total del cuestionario, con respecto a la evidencia relacionada con el criterio, los resultados similares permiten adoptar el concepto de validez concurrente.Neste artigo se apresenta a construção e validação inicial do instrumento GHYCAL (Gestão da Higiene e Qualidade; aplicável no diagnóstico dos 7 planos prévios de higiene e rastreabilidade, necessários para implantar um protocolo de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (HACCP em qualquer empresa do setor agroalimentício. Para a sua
HACCP system for quality control of food irradiation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Yiming, Ha [The Institute of Application of Atomic Energy, CAAS, Beijing (China)
2004-02-01
This paper introduces the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System (HACCP) and analyses all hazard factors which would possibly affect the product quality in processing of irradiation dehydrated vegetables. It suggests that the irradiation food factories in China should set up HACCP as soon as possible and discusses the ways to set up HACCP.
HACCP system for quality control of food irradiation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ha Yiming
2004-01-01
This paper introduces the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System (HACCP) and analyses all hazard factors which would possibly affect the product quality in processing of irradiation dehydrated vegetables. It suggests that the irradiation food factories in China should set up HACCP as soon as possible and discusses the ways to set up HACCP
Implantação do HACCP na indústria de alimentos Implementation of the HACCP in the food industry
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Veruschka Franca de Figueiredo
2001-04-01
Full Text Available O conceito da Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC é uma abordagem sistemática para garantir a segurança do alimento. O método é baseado em vários princípios diferentes de detecção direta ou indireta de contaminação. O objetivo é controlar a segurança do alimento analisando os perigos em potencial, planejando o sistema para evitar problemas, envolvendo os operadores em tomada de decisão e registro das ocorrências. O conceito da HACCP (APPCC deveria ser aplicado em conjunto com as Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Este artigo discute a importância da HACCP (APPCC na Indústria de Biscoito e que tipo de contaminação é o ponto fraco neste produto. A experiência indicou que existem diversos problemas iniciais na implementação da HACCP, contudo benefícios tangíveis podem ser alcançados a partir da redução das reclamações do consumidor.The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP concept is a systematic approach to ensuring food safety. The method is based on several different principles of direct or indirect detection of contamination. The objective is to control food safety by analyzing the potential hazards, designing the system to prevent problems, involving the operators in decision making and documenting events. HACCP concepts should be applied together with Good Manufacturing Practices. This paper discusses the importance of HACCP in Biscuit Industry and what kind of contamination is a weak point in this product. The results indicated that there are several initial problems in implementing HACCP, however tangible benefits can be achieved through reduced customer complaints.
21 CFR 120.8 - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan.
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP... SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS General Provisions § 120.8 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan. (a) HACCP plan. Each...
Ropkins, K; Beck, A J
2002-08-01
Hazard analysis by critical control points (HACCP) is a systematic approach to the identification, assessment and control of hazards. Effective HACCP requires the consideration of all hazards, i.e., chemical, microbiological and physical. However, to-date most 'in-place' HACCP procedures have tended to focus on the control of microbiological and physical food hazards. In general, the chemical component of HACCP procedures is either ignored or limited to applied chemicals, e.g., food additives and pesticides. In this paper we discuss the application of HACCP to a broader range of chemical hazards, using organic chemical contaminants as examples, and the problems that are likely to arise in the food manufacturing sector. Chemical HACCP procedures are likely to result in many of the advantages previously identified for microbiological HACCP procedures: more effective, efficient and economical than conventional end-point-testing methods. However, the high costs of analytical monitoring of chemical contaminants and a limited understanding of formulation and process optimisation as means of controlling chemical contamination of foods are likely to prevent chemical HACCP becoming as effective as microbiological HACCP.
Foods hygiene management according to HACCP.; HACCP ni yoru shokuhin eisei kanri
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Seki, T [Niigata Enginering Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
2000-11-01
New foods hygiene management system HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) was explained, which prevents food poisoning. Followings are described; (1) Outline of HACCP, (2) History of HAPPC, (3) Process to perform HACCP, (4) Infrastructure for HACCP, (5) How to promote HACCP, (6) Certification system in Japan. HACCP secures the safety in foods hygiene by making rules of Critical Control Points (CCP) on foods hygiene and by administrating strictly their performance. Details of works, frequency and person in charge of the work and methods to confirm and record the work are prescribed in PP (Prerequisite Program) and SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operation Procedure). (NEDO)
Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) history and conceptual overview.
Hulebak, Karen L; Schlosser, Wayne
2002-06-01
The concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a system that enables the production of safe meat and poultry products through the thorough analysis of production processes, identification of all hazards that are likely to occur in the production establishment, the identification of critical points in the process at which these hazards may be introduced into product and therefore should be controlled, the establishment of critical limits for control at those points, the verification of these prescribed steps, and the methods by which the processing establishment and the regulatory authority can monitor how well process control through the HACCP plan is working. The history of the development of HACCP is reviewed, and examples of practical applications of HACCP are described.
21 CFR 123.6 - Hazard analysis and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan.
2010-04-01
... Control Point (HACCP) plan. 123.6 Section 123.6 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Provisions § 123.6 Hazard analysis and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan. (a) Hazard... fish or fishery product being processed in the absence of those controls. (b) The HACCP plan. Every...
Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) for an ultrasound food processing operation.
Chemat, Farid; Hoarau, Nicolas
2004-05-01
Emerging technologies, such as ultrasound (US), used for food and drink production often cause hazards for product safety. Classical quality control methods are inadequate to control these hazards. Hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) is the most secure and cost-effective method for controlling possible product contamination or cross-contamination, due to physical or chemical hazard during production. The following case study on the application of HACCP to an US food-processing operation demonstrates how the hazards at the critical control points of the process are effectively controlled through the implementation of HACCP.
Ropkins, K; Beck, A J
2002-03-01
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a systematic approach to the identification, assessment, and control of hazards that was developed as an effective alternative to conventional end-point analysis to control food safety. It has been described as the most effective means of controlling foodborne diseases, and its application to the control of microbiological hazards has been accepted internationally. By contrast, relatively little has been reported relating to the potential use of HACCP, or HACCP-like procedures, to control chemical contaminants of food. This article presents an overview of the implementation of HACCP and discusses its application to the control of organic chemical contaminants in the food chain. Although this is likely to result in many of the advantages previously identified for microbiological HACCP, that is, more effective, efficient, and economical hazard management, a number of areas are identified that require further research and development. These include: (1) a need to refine the methods of chemical contaminant identification and risk assessment employed, (2) develop more cost-effective monitoring and control methods for routine chemical contaminant surveillance of food, and (3) improve the effectiveness of process optimization for the control of chemical contaminants in food.
A HACCP-based approach to mastitis control in dairy herds. Part 1: Development.
Beekhuis-Gibbon, Lies; Whyte, Paul; O'Grady, Luke; More, Simon J; Doherty, Michael L
2011-03-31
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) systems are a risk based preventive approach developed to increase levels of food safety assurance. This is part 1 of a pilot study on the development, implementation and evaluation of a HACCP-based approach for the control of good udder health in dairy cows. The paper describes the use of a novel approach based on a deconstruction of the infectious process in mastitis to identify Critical Control Points (CCPs) and develop a HACCP-based system to prevent and control mastitis in dairy herds. The approach involved the creation of an Infectious Process Flow Diagram, which was then cross-referenced to two production process flow diagrams of the milking process and cow management cycle. The HACCP plan developed, may be suitable for customisation and implementation on dairy farms. This is a logical, systematic approach to the development of a mastitis control programme that could be used as a template for the development of control programmes for other infectious diseases in the dairy herd.
A HACCP-based approach to mastitis control in dairy herds. Part 1: Development
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Beekhuis-Gibbon Lies
2011-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP systems are a risk based preventive approach developed to increase levels of food safety assurance. This is part 1 of a pilot study on the development, implementation and evaluation of a HACCP-based approach for the control of good udder health in dairy cows. The paper describes the use of a novel approach based on a deconstruction of the infectious process in mastitis to identify Critical Control Points (CCPs and develop a HACCP-based system to prevent and control mastitis in dairy herds. The approach involved the creation of an Infectious Process Flow Diagram, which was then cross-referenced to two production process flow diagrams of the milking process and cow management cycle. The HACCP plan developed, may be suitable for customisation and implementation on dairy farms. This is a logical, systematic approach to the development of a mastitis control programme that could be used as a template for the development of control programmes for other infectious diseases in the dairy herd.
Introduction to HACCP Deana R. Jones, Ph.D. Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research Service Russell Research Center Athens, GA Deana.Jones@ars.usda.gov HACCP is an acronym for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and was initially developed by the Pillsbury Company a...
9 CFR 417.6 - Inadequate HACCP Systems.
2010-01-01
... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inadequate HACCP Systems. 417.6 Section 417.6 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS § 417.6 Inadequate HACCP Systems. A HACCP system may be...
HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points): is it coming to the dairy?
Cullor, J S
1997-12-01
The risks and consequences of foodborne and waterborne pathogens are coming to the forefront of public health concerns, and strong pressure is being applied on agriculture for immediate implementation of on-farm controls. The FDA is considering HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) as the new foundation for revision of the US Food Safety Assurance Program because HACCP is considered to be a science-based, systematic approach to the prevention of food safety problems. In addition, the implementation of HACCP principles permits more government oversight through requirements for standard operating procedures and additional systems for keeping records, places primary responsibility for ensuring food safety on the food manufacturer or distributor, and may assist US food companies in competing more effectively in the world market. With the HACCP-based program in place, a government investigator should be able to determine and evaluate both current and past conditions that are critical to ensuring the safety of the food produced by the facility. When this policy is brought to the production unit, the impact for producers and veterinarians will be substantial.
HACCP is an acronym for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and was initially developed by the Pillsbury Company and NASA. They utilized this program to enhance the safety of the food for manned space flights. The USDA-FSIS implemented the HACCP approach to food safety in the meat and poult...
HACCP is an acronym for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and was initially developed by the Pillsbury Company and NASA. They utilized this program to enhance the safety of the food for manned space flights. The USDA-FSIS implemented the HACCP approach to food safety in the meat and pou...
Baird, D R; Henry, M; Liddell, K G; Mitchell, C M; Sneddon, J G
2001-09-01
Hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) is a quality assurance system widely used in the food industry to ensure safety. We adopted the HACCP approach when conventional infection control measures had failed to solve an ongoing problem with an increased incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis, and our ophthalmology unit was threatened with permanent cessation of intraocular surgery. Although time-consuming, the result was an entirely new set of protocols for the care of patients undergoing intraocular surgery, the development of an integrated care pathway, and a comprehensive and robust audit programme, which enabled intraocular surgery to continue in a new spirit of confidence. HACCP methodology has so far been little used in healthcare, but it might be usefully applied to a variety of apparently intractable infection control problems. Copyright 2001 The Hospital Infection Society.
A decade of sulphite control in Serbian meat industry and the effect of HACCP.
Tomasevic, Igor; Dodevska, Margarita; Simić, Milan; Raicevic, Smiljana; Matovic, Violeta; Djekic, Ilija
2018-03-01
In total 7351 meat preparations and fresh processed meat products were analysed from 555 different Serbian meat producers over a 10-year period, 4.5 years before and 5.5 years after mandatory Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) implementation. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that HACCP has contributed to a better alignment of practices with the legal provisions. The share of non-compliant samples dropped from 18.6% before HACCP to 8.3% after its mandatory implementation. Average sulphite concentrations for all categories of meat preparations and fresh processed meat products decreased by 43%, declining from 33.6 to 19.3 mg kg -1 . Typical misuse and frequent abuse of sulphites was independent of a season. Application of HACCP principles in the Serbian meat industry raised awareness about the misuse of sulphites and contributed to a better control, minimising exposure to sulphites.
2010-02-24
... (HACCP); Approval of Information Collection Request AGENCY: Food and Nutrition Service, USDA. ACTION... Safety Program Based on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Principles (HACCP) was published on... must be based on the (HACCP) system established by the Secretary of Agriculture. The food safety...
Ropkins, Karl; Ferguson, Andrew; Beck, Angus J
2003-01-01
Hazard Analysis by Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a systematic approach to the identification, assessment, and control of hazards in the food chain. Effective HACCP requires the consideration of all chemical microbiological, and physical hazards. However, current procedures focus primarily on microbiological and physical hazards, while chemical aspects of HACCP have received relatively little attention. In this article we discuss the application of HACCP to organic chemical contaminants and the problems that are likely to be encountered in agriculture. We also present generic templates for the development of organic chemical contaminant HACCP procedures for selected raw food commodities, that is, cereal crops,raw meats, and milk.
Bolton, D J; Pearce, R A; Sheridan, J J; Blair, I S; McDowell, D A; Harrington, D
2002-01-01
The aim of this research was to examine the effects of preslaughter washing, pre-evisceration washing, final carcass washing and chilling on final carcass quality and to evaluate these operations as possible critical control points (CCPs) within a pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system. This study estimated bacterial numbers (total viable counts) and the incidence of Salmonella at three surface locations (ham, belly and neck) on 60 animals/carcasses processed through a small commercial pork abattoir (80 pigs d(-1)). Significant reductions (P HACCP in pork slaughter plants. This research will provide a sound scientific basis on which to develop and implement effective HACCP in pork abattoirs.
HACCP, food quality, food irradiation; HACCP, Lebensmittelqualitaet und Bestrahlung
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bognar, A [Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Ernaehrung, Karlsruhe (Germany). Inst. fuer Chemie und Biologie
1999-07-01
The paper summarizes the principles and purposes of the ''Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points'' (HACCP) system and its application and implementation within the European Union for the purposes of food quality and safety control, including food irradiation. (orig./CB) [German] Eine ausfuehrliche Information und Schulung der mit der Qualitaetssicherung befassten Mitarbeiter ueber den Inhalt und die Ziele des HACCP-Konzeptes erscheint als die wichtigste Voraussetzung fuer seine Implementierung in das Qualitaetsmanagement bei der Lebensmittelverarbeitung. Abschliessend soll noch auf die Gefahren hingewiesen werden, die bei der Einfuehrung eines neuen Qualitaetssicherungssystems in Lebensmittelbetrieben auftreten koennen. Die groesste Gefahr scheint die Ueberorganisation des betrieblichen Ablaufs zu sein. Papierberge, die niemand liest oder beachtet, sind kontra produktiv. (orig.)
HACCP, food quality, food irradiation; HACCP, Lebensmittelqualitaet und Bestrahlung
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bognar, A. [Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Ernaehrung, Karlsruhe (Germany). Inst. fuer Chemie und Biologie
1999-07-01
The paper summarizes the principles and purposes of the ''Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points'' (HACCP) system and its application and implementation within the European Union for the purposes of food quality and safety control, including food irradiation. (orig./CB) [German] Eine ausfuehrliche Information und Schulung der mit der Qualitaetssicherung befassten Mitarbeiter ueber den Inhalt und die Ziele des HACCP-Konzeptes erscheint als die wichtigste Voraussetzung fuer seine Implementierung in das Qualitaetsmanagement bei der Lebensmittelverarbeitung. Abschliessend soll noch auf die Gefahren hingewiesen werden, die bei der Einfuehrung eines neuen Qualitaetssicherungssystems in Lebensmittelbetrieben auftreten koennen. Die groesste Gefahr scheint die Ueberorganisation des betrieblichen Ablaufs zu sein. Papierberge, die niemand liest oder beachtet, sind kontra produktiv. (orig.)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Li Xingyi
2016-06-01
Full Text Available This study aims to design metal food packaging with hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP. First, theory of HACCP was introduced in detail. Taking empty cans provided by Wuxi Huapeng Food Packaging Company as an example, we studied migration of bisphenol compounds in coating of food can to food stimulant. Moreover, packaging design of luncheon meat can was taken as an example to confirm whether HACCP system could effectively control migration of phenolic substance. Results demonstrated that, coating of such empty were more likely to contain multiple bisphenol compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE was considered as the leading bisphenol pollutant; food stimulant of different types, storage temperature and time could all impact migration of bisphenol compounds. HACCP system was proved to be effective in controlling hazards of phenolic substance in luncheon meat can and could reduce various phenolic substance indexes to an acceptable range. Therefore, HACCP can control migration of phenolic substance and recontamination of food and thus ensure food safety.
HACCP is an acronym for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and was initially developed by the Pillsbury Company and NASA. They utilized this program to enhance the safety of the food for manned space flights. The USDA-FSIS implemented the HACCP approach to food safety in the meat and poult...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cuihua Qi
2014-04-01
Full Text Available In recent years, food safety and hygiene have been a social problem. So, it is worth studying in-depth that how to control the safety and hygiene of food and beverage. This paper proposes to establish central kitchens under HACCP control to ensure food safety and hygiene in the food and beverage industry. Considering the practical difficulties in the application of HACCP, this paper introduces the establishment of dishes HACCP system with some examples to give the reference of the food and beverage industry. Central kitchens have many advantages while HACCP is the golden standard to ensure food safety and hygiene, hence, it will ensure food safety and hygiene if both can be combined with in the use of food and beverage industry.
Introduction to the Principles of HACCP
HACCP is an acronym for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and was initially developed by the Pillsbury Company and NASA. They utilized this program to enhance the safety of the food for manned space flights. The USDA-FSIS implemented the HACCP approach to food safety in the meat and poult...
Seafood safety: economics of hazard analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) programmes
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Cato, James C
1998-01-01
.... This document on economic issues associated with seafood safety was prepared to complement the work of the Service in seafood technology, plant sanitation and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) implementation...
Implementation of HACCP system in production of Paški cheese
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Šime Gligora
2007-06-01
Full Text Available Since August 2006 all participants in Republic of Croatia dealing with the food have an obligation to introduce Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point (HACCP system. Therefore, all producers of dairy products, as well as registered producers of Paški cheese have to implement HACCP system in their facilities. The aim of this work is to describe implementation and use of HACCP system in «Sirena - mala sirana» which is a small-scale cheese factory situated in a place Kolan on the island of Pag. For this reason, EU and Croatian legislative related to HACCP system is firstly described. After that, procedure of certification is presented, as well as prerequisite programsof the system which are the base for successful implementation of the HACCP system. Furthermore, appliance of HACCP in Paški cheese production through system’s documentation is described. Flow diagram is presented, analysis of hazardous and determination of critical control points is described trough defined production processes. Next, control, monitoring and corrective measures for production processes are described. Finally, HACCP plan and Standard Sanitation Operative Procedures (SSOP are presented. Besides that, traceability system and training plan are shown, as well as all required record lists and other documentation for HACCP system. With implementation of the HACCP system in «Sirena» cheese facility, general hygiene was improved as well as hygiene of equipment and personnel. Risk of product contamination is reduced to a minimum level. With effective management of control measures and records, quality of produced Paški cheese was also improved
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aleida González González
2005-09-01
Full Text Available
En este trabajo se presenta un estudio del HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points como un sistema de aseguramiento de la calidad en lo referente a la inocuidad para la industria de alimentos, mencionando las técnicas generalmente usadas para llevar a acabo este estudio y mostrando un ejemplo mediante su aplicación en la industria de pastas alimenticias. Como resultado se elaboró la tabla de control HACCP, la misma que recopila los PCC, el peligro posible, los límites críticos, las medidas correctivas, sistema de monitoreo y responsables de las acciones tomadas.
Gardner, I A
1997-12-01
On-farm HACCP (hazard analysis critical control points) monitoring requires cost-effective, yet accurate and reproducible tests that can determine the status of cows, milk, and the dairy environment. Tests need to be field-validated, and their limitations need to be established so that appropriate screening strategies can be initiated and test results can be rationally interpreted. For infections and residues of low prevalence, tests or testing strategies that are highly specific help to minimize false-positive results and excessive costs to the dairy industry. The determination of the numbers of samples to be tested in HACCP monitoring programs depends on the specific purpose of the test and the likely prevalence of the agent or residue at the critical control point. The absence of positive samples from a herd test should not be interpreted as freedom from a particular agent or residue unless the entire herd has been tested with a test that is 100% sensitive. The current lack of field-validated tests for most of the chemical and infectious agents of concern makes it difficult to ensure that the stated goals of HACCP programs are consistently achieved.
Pasteurised milk and implementation of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T.B Murdiati
2004-10-01
Full Text Available The purpose of pasteurisation is to destroy pathogen bacteria without affecting the taste, flavor, and nutritional value. A study on the implementation of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point in producing pasteurized milk was carried out in four processing unit of pasteurised milk, one in Jakarta, two in Bandung and one in Bogor. The critical control points in the production line were identified. Milk samples were collected from the critical points and were analysed for the total number of microbes. Antibiotic residues were detected on raw milks. The study indicated that one unit in Bandung dan one unit in Jakarta produced pasteurized milk with lower number of microbes than the other units, due to better management and control applied along the chain of production. Penisilin residues was detected in raw milk used by unit in Bogor. Six critical points and the hazard might arise in those points were identified, as well as how to prevent the hazards. Quality assurance system such as HACCP would be able to produce high quality and safety of pasteurised milk, and should be implemented gradually.
[Design of an HACCP program for a cocoa processing facility].
López D'Sola, Patrizia; Sandia, María Gabriela; Bou Rached, Lizet; Hernández Serrano, Pilar
2012-12-01
The HACCP plan is a food safety management tool used to control physical, chemical and biological hazards associated to food processing through all the processing chain. The aim of this work is to design a HACCP Plan for a Venezuelan cocoa processing facility.The production of safe food products requires that the HACCP system be built upon a solid foundation of prerequisite programs such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP). The existence and effectiveness of these prerequisite programs were previously assessed.Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) audit to cocoa nibs suppliers were performed. To develop the HACCP plan, the five preliminary tasks and the seven HACCP principles were accomplished according to Codex Alimentarius procedures. Three Critical Control Points (CCP) were identified using a decision tree: winnowing (control of ochratoxin A), roasting (Salmonella control) and metallic particles detection. For each CCP, Critical limits were established, the Monitoring procedures, Corrective actions, Procedures for Verification and Documentation concerning all procedures and records appropriate to these principles and their application was established. To implement and maintain a HACCP plan for this processing plant is suggested. Recently OchratoxinA (OTA) has been related to cocoa beans. Although the shell separation from the nib has been reported as an effective measure to control this chemical hazard, ochratoxin prevalence study in cocoa beans produced in the country is recommended, and validate the winnowing step as well
A HACCP-based approach to mastitis control in dairy herds. Part 2: Implementation and evaluation
2011-01-01
Part 1 of the study described the development of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) based programme and accompanying handbook for the control of mastitis. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of customised HACCP-based programmes, which were developed from the handbook and assessed on six Irish dairy farms. Both quantitative and qualitative (action research) research methodologies were used to measure the success of implementation and efficacy of control of sub-clinical mastitis as measured by Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) and the degree of compliance by farmers in adopting and maintaining recommendations throughout the course of the study period. No overall differences in SCC before and during the implementation of the study were found when all six farms were considered together. Three of the six study farms experienced a significant decrease in herd milk recorded SCC during the implementation of the control programme. An essential part of the study was achieving initial agreement on recommendations as well as ongoing monitoring of compliance during the study. This pilot study shows that HACCP can be implemented on farms as a means of working towards the control of mastitis and that farmer attitude, and understanding of mastitis are crucial in terms of motivation irrespective of practical approaches used to manage mastitis. PMID:21777494
Readiness to implement Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems in Iowa schools.
Henroid, Daniel; Sneed, Jeannie
2004-02-01
To evaluate current food-handling practices, food safety prerequisite programs, and employee knowledge and food safety attitudes and provide baseline data for implementing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems in school foodservice. One member of the research team visited each school to observe food-handling practices and assess prerequisite programs using a structured observation form. A questionnaire was used to determine employees' attitudes, knowledge, and demographic information. A convenience sample of 40 Iowa schools was recruited with input from the Iowa Department of Education. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. One-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in attitudes and food safety knowledge among managers, cooks, and other foodservice employees. Multiple linear regression assessed the relationship between manager and school district demographics and the food safety practice score. Proper food-handling practices were not being followed in many schools and prerequisite food safety programs for HACCP were found to be inadequate for many school foodservice operations. School foodservice employees were found to have a significant amount of food safety knowledge (15.9+/-2.4 out of 20 possible points). School districts with managers (P=.019) and employees (P=.030) who had a food handler certificate were found to have higher food safety practice scores. Emphasis on implementing prerequisite programs in preparation for HACCP is needed in school foodservice. Training programs, both basic food safety such as ServSafe and HACCP, will support improvement of food-handling practices and implementation of prerequisite programs and HACCP.
Citraresmi, A. D. P.; Wahyuni, E. E.
2018-03-01
The aim of this study was to inspect the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) for identification and prevention of potential hazards in the production process of dried anchovy at PT. Kelola Mina Laut (KML), Lobuk unit, Sumenep. Cold storage process is needed in each anchovy processing step in order to maintain its physical and chemical condition. In addition, the implementation of quality assurance system should be undertaken to maintain product quality. The research was conducted using a survey method, by following the whole process of making anchovy from the receiving raw materials to the packaging of final product. The method of data analysis used was descriptive analysis method. Implementation of HACCP at PT. KML, Lobuk unit, Sumenep was conducted by applying Pre Requisite Programs (PRP) and preparation stage consisting of 5 initial stages and 7 principles of HACCP. The results showed that CCP was found in boiling process flow with significant hazard of Listeria monocytogenesis bacteria and final sorting process with significant hazard of foreign material contamination in the product. Actions taken were controlling boiling temperature of 100 – 105°C for 3 - 5 minutes and training for sorting process employees.
MANAGING PRODUCT SAFETY SYSTEM HACCP ON THE EXAMPLE OF BEET-SUGAR PRODUCTION
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V. A. Golybin
2015-01-01
Full Text Available The most effective safety management system of food production in all industrialized countries in the world recognized by the system based on the principles of HACCP. In Russia, the conformity assessment carried out by the HACCP system certification. The essence of the HACCP system is to identify and control the critical points. Critical Control Point – this is the stage of the process, which is subject to control for hazard identification and risk management in order to avoid the production of unsafe products. Implementation of HACCP system allows to tighten and coordinate the quality control system, which will improve the competitiveness of the products produced in the sugar market in Russia and abroad. In the early stages of food production HACCP system to prevent the occurrence of danger. It is based on the preventive approach to ensuring quality and safety in the production process, and can also be used in the development of new products. HACCP system is based on seven main principles to ensure the implementation and management of the system in production. 1. Creation of a working group of the coordinator and the technical secretary and various consultants. 2. Information on materials and products, in this case of sugar beet and sugar. 3. Information about the production. 4. Risk analysis of the available chemical, physical and microbiological factors. To determine the critical control points according to the results obtained for each factor is determined by a special chart the extent of its accounting. The need to consider the potential hazard is determined by the order in which area it has got. 5. The production program of mandatory preliminary activities in the production of sugar. 6. Determination of critical control points. 7. Making worksheets HACCP. It is shown that the use of HACCP in sugar beet production has several advantages.
HACCP, food quality, food irradiation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bognar, A.
1999-01-01
The paper summarizes the principles and purposes of the ''Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points'' (HACCP) system and its application and implementation within the European Union for the purposes of food quality and safety control, including food irradiation. (orig./CB) [de
Castellanos Rey, Liliana C; Villamil Jiménez, Luis C; Romero Prada, Jaime R
2004-01-01
The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system (HACCP), recommended by different international organizations as the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Office of Epizootics (OIE) and the International Convention for Vegetables Protection (ICPV) amongst others, contributes to ensuring the innocuity of food along the agro-alimentary chain and requires of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for its implementation, GMP's which are legislated in most countries. Since 1997, Colombia has set rules and legislation for application of HACCP system in agreement with international standards. This paper discusses the potential and difficulties of the legislation enforcement and suggests some policy implications towards food safety.
Implementation of HACCP system in production of UHT milk
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Irena Jeličić
2009-06-01
Full Text Available Regulation of the Croatian Food Law (NN 46/07 which demands implementation of food safety management system based on HACCP principles became mandatory at the January 01st 2009. According to that regulation all subjects in food production and retail sector including the dairy industry too are obligant to implement HACCP system in their production processes. In the process of HACCP implementation many problems occur which result in delaying the implementation, scarce performance of assigned monitoring actions and inadequate maintenance and improvement of the system. All of the latter mentioned problems disable proactive functioning and may lead to disturbance of food safety of the end product. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the interpretation of each steps that have to be taken in the process of implementation of HACCP system in the production of UHT milk. Thereby many practical informations and examples have been gathered while reviewing the HACCP system in KIM d.d. Dairy industry, Karlovac, Croatia. This paper contains the examples of all indentified hazards, all assigned control actions, hazard analysis and critical control point determination for the process of UHT milk production in KIM d.d. Dairy industry, Karlovac. Furthermore, also examples and ideas for the traceability, verification and validation, product recall and withdrawal procedures are given.
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Cristina Farias da Fonseca
2013-03-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to verify the hygienic-sanitary working practices and to create and implement a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP in two lobster processing industries in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The industries studied process frozen whole lobsters, frozen whole cooked lobsters, and frozen lobster tails for exportation. The application of the hygienic-sanitary checklist in the industries analyzed achieved conformity rates over 96% to the aspects evaluated. The use of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP plan resulted in the detection of two critical control points (CCPs including the receiving and classification steps in the processing of frozen lobster and frozen lobster tails, and an additional critical control point (CCP was detected during the cooking step of processing of the whole frozen cooked lobster. The proper implementation of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP plan in the lobster processing industries studied proved to be the safest and most cost-effective method to monitor each critical control point (CCP hazards.
Development of a HACCP-based approach to control paratuberculosis in infected Irish dairy herds.
McAloon, Conor G; Whyte, Paul; More, Simon J; O'Grady, Luke; Doherty, Michael L
2015-06-15
Paratuberculosis is a challenging disease to control at farm level, in part due to the poor sensitivity of diagnostic tests and a prolonged incubation period. Simulation studies have highlighted on-farm management to be the most important factor in preventing on-farm spread. A risk assessment (RA) and management plan (MP) approach (collectively, RAMP) has been adopted around the world as the most appropriate method of controlling disease in infected farms. However, there are problems with RAMP that remain to be resolved. The RA relies heavily on farmer recollection and estimation resulting in subjectivity and substantial inter-observer variability. MPs consist of a series of qualitative, farm specific recommendations showing how management can be improved. However, MP assessment is generally conducted informally, and progress is monitored through 'end-point' diagnostic testing of adult animals and repeated risk assessments. Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) has been developed as a proactive alternative to end-point testing. We hypothesise that farm-based HACCP systems may be a useful alternative to RAMP on farms where more intensive monitoring and evaluation of controls for paratuberculosis is required. Therefore, the objective of this methodological study was to develop a HACCP-based system for paratuberculosis control. Critical control points (CCPs) relating to peri-parturient area management, calving, new-born calf management and colostrum management were identified as areas where additional control could be exerted above existing methods. Novel monitoring systems were developed for each CCP, along with targets and corrective actions. This system is intended for use in high prevalence herds, or farms where more robust monitoring of key control points may be beneficial. It is currently being trialled on infected commercial dairy herds in Ireland. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[Design of a HACCP Plan for the Gouda-type cheesemaking process in a milk processing plant].
Dávila, Jacqueline; Reyes, Genara; Corzo, Otoniel
2006-03-01
The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a preventive and systematic method used to identify, assess and control of the hazards related with raw material, ingredients, processing, marketing and intended consumer in order to assure the safety of the food. The aim of this study was to design a HACCP plan for implementing in a Gouda-type cheese-making process in a dairy processing plant. The used methodology was based in the application of the seven principles of the HACCP, the information from the plant about the compliment of the pre-requisite programs (70-80%), the experience of the HACCP team and the sequence of stages settles down by the COVENIN standard 3802 for implementing the HACCP system. A HACCP plan was proposed with the scope, the selection of HACCP team, the description of the product and the intended use, the flow diagram of the process, the hazard analysis and the control table of the plan with the critical control points (CCP). The following CCP were identified in the process: pasteurization, coagulation and ripening.
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Yorexis Guilarte Navarro
2012-04-01
Full Text Available Los alimentos están expuestos a agentes físicos, químicos o biológicos, causando un efecto adverso para la salud. Un estudio poblacional arrojó que el mayor % de los casos diarreicos tuvo relación con la ingestión de alimentos, lo que evidencia, que estos tienen importantes cargas bacterianas desde su origen. En el caso de la miel de abeja, los principales peligros están dados por contaminación de envases, por presencia de antibióticos y por fermentación. Como solución, se desarrolló y validó un instrumento que se sustenta en la Gestión de la Higiene y la Calidad, aplicable al diagnóstico de los 7 planes previos de higiene y trazabilidad, necesario para implantar un sistema Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP en cualquier empresa del sector agroalimentario, capaz de, medir los programas prerrequisitos del sistema descrito. Sometido a validación de contenido por Delphy, la herramienta final obtuvo, la aprobación de los expertos, que otorgan alta confiabilidad a valores obtenidos por encima del 90% de cumplimiento. La herramienta permitió organizar y evaluar los prerrequisitos del Sistema HACCP, además de evaluar los resultados de su implantación, en el beneficio de la miel. La validación del Sistema HACCP, arroja resultados satisfactorios, reflejándose en la obtención de un producto inocuo.
Popova, A Yu; Trukhina, G M; Mikailova, O M
In the article there is considered the quality control and safety system implemented in the one of the largest flight catering food production plant for airline passengers and flying squad. The system for the control was based on the Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles and developed hygienic and antiepidemic measures. There is considered the identification of hazard factors at stages of the technical process. There are presented results of the analysis data of monitoring for 6 critical control points over the five-year period. The quality control and safety system permit to decline food contamination risk during acceptance, preparation and supplying of in-flight meal. There was proved the efficiency of the implemented system. There are determined further ways of harmonization and implementation for HACCP principles in the plant.
The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) food safety inspection program is utilized by both USDA Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) and FDA for many of the products they regulate. This science-based program was implemented by the USDA FSIS to enhance the food safety of meat and pou...
Potential biological hazard of importance for HACCP plans in fresh fish processing
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Baltić Milan Ž.
2009-01-01
Full Text Available The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP system is scientifically based and focused on problem prevention in order to assure the produced food products are safe to consume. Prerequisite programs such as GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices, GHP (Good Hygienic Practices are an essential foundation for the development and implementation of successful HACCP plans. One of the preliminary tasks in the development of HACCP plan is to conduct a hazard analysis. The process of conducting a hazard analysis involves two stages. The first is hazard identification and the second stage is the HACCP team decision which potential hazards must be addressed in the HACCP plan. By definition, the HACCP concept covers all types of potential food safety hazards: biological, chemical and physical, whether they are naturally occurring in the food, contributed by the environment or generated by a mistake in the manufacturing process. In raw fish processing, potential significant biological hazards which are reasonably likely to cause illness of humans are parasites (Trematodae, Nematodae, Cestodae, bacteria (Salmonella, E. coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Staphyloccocus aureus, viruses (Norwalk virus, Entero virusesi, Hepatitis A, Rotovirus and bio-toxins. Upon completion of hazard analysis, any measure(s that are used to control the hazard(s should be described.
Implementation of Haccp in the Mexican Poultry Processing Industry
Maldonado-Siman, Ema; Martínez-Hernández, Pedro Arturo; Ruíz-Flores, Agustín; García-Muñiz, José G.; Cadena-Meneses, José A.
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a safety and quality management tool used as major issue in international and domestic trade in food industry. However, detailed information on costs and benefits of HACCP implementation is needed to provide appropriate advice to food processing plants. This paper reports on the perceptions of costs and benefits by the Mexican poultry processing plants and sale destinations. The results suggest that the major costs of implementing and operating HACCP within poultry processing plants are record keeping and external technical advice. The main benefit indicated by the majority of processing plants is a reduction in microbial counts. Over 39% of poultry production is sent to nation-wide chains of supermarkets, and less than 13% is sent to international markets. It was concluded that the adoption of HACCP by the Mexican poultry processing sector is based on the concern to increase and keep the domestic market, rather than to compete in the international market.
OBTAINING FOOD SAFETY BY APPLYING HACCP SYSTEM
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ION CRIVEANU
2012-01-01
Full Text Available In order to increase the confidence of the trading partners and consumers in the products which are sold on the market, enterprises producing food are required to implement the food safety system HACCP,a particularly useful system because the manufacturer is not able to fully control finished products . SR EN ISO 22000:2005 establishes requirements for a food safety management system where an organization in the food chain needs to proove its ability to control food safety hazards in order to ensure that food is safe at the time of human consumption. This paper presents the main steps which ensure food safety using the HACCP system, and SR EN ISO 20000:2005 requirements for food safety.
HACCP and water safety plans in Icelandic water supply: preliminary evaluation of experience.
Gunnarsdóttir, María J; Gissurarson, Loftur R
2008-09-01
Icelandic waterworks first began implementing hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) as a preventive approach for water safety management in 1997. Since then implementation has been ongoing and currently about 68% of the Icelandic population enjoy drinking water from waterworks with a water safety plan based on HACCP. Preliminary evaluation of the success of HACCP implementation was undertaken in association with some of the waterworks that had implemented HACCP. The evaluation revealed that compliance with drinking water quality standards improved considerably following the implementation of HACCP. In response to their findings, waterworks implemented a large number of corrective actions to improve water safety. The study revealed some limitations for some, but not all, waterworks in relation to inadequate external and internal auditing and a lack of oversight by health authorities. Future studies should entail a more comprehensive study of the experience with the use of HACCP with the purpose of developing tools to promote continuing success.
"Clickers" and HACCP: Educating a Diverse Food Industry Audience with Technology
Shaw, Angela; Mendonca, Aubrey; Daraba, Aura
2015-01-01
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a systematic approach to food safety education for the food industry. To receive a HACCP certificate, participants must receive an 80% or higher on the final examination. Language barriers, educational levels, and age have been noted as primary reasons for not passing the final examination.…
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Widyana Lakshmi Puspita
2010-07-01
Full Text Available Background: One way to improve the quality of food provision in hospitals is by implementing hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP in food processing. Objective: The study aimed to identify the effect of HACCP implementation to the decrease of microbiological hazards of foods for children in particular at Nutrition Installation of Dr. Soedarso Hospital of Pontianak. Methods: The study was a quasi experiment that use multiple time series design with intervention and cassation of intervention (ABA time series chain. Samples of the study were animal based food for children, cooking utensils used preparation, processing, and distribution of the food, the food providers and food processing containers. Samples were taken 3 times before and after the implementation of HACCP, each within a week duration. Result: Average germ rate in foods and cooking utensils before implementation of HACCP was relatively high. After the implementation of HACCP there was a decrease. The result of statistical analysis showed that there were effects of HACCP implementation to the reduction of microbiological hazards in foods and cooking utensils (p<0.05. Average score of knowledge on sanitation hygiene of food and practice of sanitation hygiene of foods after HACCP implementation increased. There was an increase of average score of knowledge on food sanitation hygiene and practice of food sanitation hygiene of HACCP implementation (p<0.05. Average score of sanitation hygiene of food processing container after HACCP implementation increased. Conclusion: The implementation of HACCP could reduce microbiological hazards (germ rate of animal based special foods for children.
Design of a HACCP plan for the industrial process of vacuum-packed frozen surimi
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Catarina Fernandes
2014-05-01
Full Text Available The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP is a system that enables identification, assessment and control of hazards related with production, processing, distribution in order to get safe food. The aim of this study was to design a HACCP plan for implementing in a processing line of vacuum-packed frozen surimi. Surimi is made from fisheries byproducts that may have initial unattractive characteristics and whose industrial processing adds commercial value. Heterogeneous quality of raw products and the high complexity of the industrial flowchart may induce problems in the final sanitary profile of surimi. The methodology was based in the evaluation of the pre-requisite programs, risk evaluation of considered hazards, the application of principles of HACCP and the compliance with European regulations. A HACCP plan is proposed with the scope, the selection of HACCP team, product description and its intended use, the flow diagram of the process, hazard analysis and identification of Critical Control Points (CCP, monitoring system, correction actions and records. The potential hazards identified were: excess of chloride (chemical, remains of fishbone (physical and growth of human-related pathogens after defrosting (biological. The control measures of CCP are referred as control of time-temperature and pH in pre-wash and defrosting stages and visual inspection during depulping process.
PENERAPAN SISTEM HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN KERIPIK TEMPE
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Rahmi Yuniarti
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Malang is one of the industrial centers of tempe chips. To maintain the quality and food safety, analysis is required to identify the hazards during the production process. This study was conducted to identify the hazards during the production process of tempe chips and provide recommendations for developing a HACCP system. The phases of production process of tempe chips are started from slice the tempe, move it to the kitchen, coat it with flour dough, fry it in the pan, drain it, package it, and then storage it. There are 3 types of potential hazards in terms of biological, physical, and chemical during the production process. With the CCP identification, there are three processes that have Critical Control Point. There are the process of slicing tempe, immersion of tempe into the flour mixture and draining. Recommendations for the development of HACCP systems include recommendations related to employee hygiene, supporting equipment, 5-S analysis, and the production layout.
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Haruvy, Y F [Soreq Nuclear Research Centre, Operations Division, QA Department, Yavne (Israel)
2004-07-01
The primary objective of this work is to introduce a modified HACCP analysis route, for irradiated prepared meals that addresses not only health hazards but also sensorial failures, economic risks. Above all, this method aims at pinpointing failure modes specific to the radiation pasteurization aspect of the production and the product. The suggested modified analysis should serve all researchers in the CRP in their attempts to transfer their process and product from the laboratory-research type into an industrial one. While in the laboratory we can discard 'failure' samples or lots, or parts of a lot that are of inferior quality, an industrial process must be profitable and, hence, stable and reproducibly producing high quality products. The basic aspects of the HACCP route are: HACCP describes a system of control for assuring food safety and provides a more structured and critical approach to the control of identified hazards than that achievable by traditional inspection and quality control procedures; It has the potential to identify areas of concern where failure has not yet been experienced, making it particularly useful for new operations. The analysis route is exemplified in tables, that cover all the steps involved in the food production, from farm to fork.
Noordhuizen, J P; Welpelo, H J
1996-12-01
This paper addresses the principles of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concept as applied to animal health management strategy. Characteristics of the concept were analysed and compared with those of current animal health care strategies for disease risk identification and herd health management, insurance, and certification. HACCP is a hybrid strategy of quality control at both production process and product level. Animal health is considered a particular quality feature. We show that process control (expressed in terms of controlling both general and specific disease risk factors) and product control (expressed in terms of testing animals or animal products for specific disease agents) could form the basis for improving animal health. We conclude that HACCP provides ample opportunity for preventive health action and risk management at a relatively low cost in terms of labour, finance and documentation expenditure, at both the farm and sector level. Epidemiological field studies are currently needed to identify critical control points and to design HACCP procedures for livestock producers. In the long run, HACCP based animal health care can be further developed into a quality control systems approach to cover all aspects that are related, either directly or indirectly, to animal health.
Perception of the HACCP system operators on livestock product manufacturers.
Kim, Jung-Hyun; Nam, Ki-Chang; Jo, Cheorun; Lim, Dong-Gyun
2014-01-01
The purpose of this study was to investigate crucial factors on HACCP system implementation in domestic livestock product plants, and to offer job satisfaction and the career prospect of HACCP system operators. The survey was carried out by selecting 150 HACCP system operators who implemented HACCP system. The respondents claimed that the most important contents in HACCP system operation were to assemble HACCP team (21.8%), and the second was to monitoring (20.0%). Documentation and recording (16.9%) and verification (11.1%) were followed. The respondents answered the major factor in sanitation management was cleaning/washing/disinfection (18.9%) and inspection (18.4%). The results showed that there were significant differences in the prospect of occupation in HACCP system operator by the gender (p HACCP system operator were satisfied with their job (73%) and also showed optimistic prospect of occupation (82%).
Hübner, N-O; Fleßa, S; Haak, J; Wilke, F; Hübner, C; Dahms, C; Hoffmann, W; Kramer, A
2011-01-01
Recently, the HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) concept was proposed as possible way to implement process-based hygiene concepts in clinical practice, but the extent to which this food safety concept can be transferred into the health care setting is unclear. We therefore discuss possible ways for a translation of the principles of the HACCP for health care settings. While a direct implementation of food processing concepts into health care is not very likely to be feasible and will probably not readily yield the intended results, the underlying principles of process-orientation, in-process safety control and hazard analysis based counter measures are transferable to clinical settings. In model projects the proposed concepts should be implemented, monitored, and evaluated under real world conditions.
HACCP-based quality risk management approach to udder health problems on dairy farms.
Noordhuizen, Jptm; Cannas da Silva, J
2009-04-01
Against the background of prevailing udder health problems on dairy farms, this paper discusses a new approach to mastitis control. Current udder health control programmes, such as the 'five-point plan', are highlighted and their drawbacks indicated. The concept and principles of hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) are introduced. The eight core elements of this concept are dealt with by using the example of a dairy herd with a mastitis problem due to Staphylococcus aureus. The various steps to be taken in the development of a HACCP-based quality risk management programme are illustrated through the application of core elements. Finally, it is shown that the HACCP key words, structure, organisation, planning, communication and formalisation; which do not frequently appear in conventional herd health and production management programmes can contribute to better udder health. The role of the veterinarian can be paramount and of added value, if he/she is willing to invest in new knowledge and skills, such as the HACCP concept, farm economics, animal nutrition, and particularly the role of coach to the dairy farmer in the implementation of preventative measures in relation to udder health.
HACCP-based quality risk management approach to udder health problems on dairy farms
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Noordhuizen JPTM
2009-04-01
Full Text Available Abstract Against the background of prevailing udder health problems on dairy farms, this paper discusses a new approach to mastitis control. Current udder health control programmes, such as the 'five-point plan', are highlighted and their drawbacks indicated. The concept and principles of hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP are introduced. The eight core elements of this concept are dealt with by using the example of a dairy herd with a mastitis problem due to Staphylococcus aureus. The various steps to be taken in the development of a HACCP-based quality risk management programme are illustrated through the application of core elements. Finally, it is shown that the HACCP key words, structure, organisation, planning, communication and formalisation; which do not frequently appear in conventional herd health and production management programmes can contribute to better udder health. The role of the veterinarian can be paramount and of added value, if he/she is willing to invest in new knowledge and skills, such as the HACCP concept, farm economics, animal nutrition, and particularly the role of coach to the dairy farmer in the implementation of preventative measures in relation to udder health.
Dewettinck, T; Van Houtte, E; Geenens, D; Van Hege, K; Verstraete, W
2001-01-01
To obtain a sustainable water catchment in the dune area of the Flemish west coast, the integration of treated domestic wastewater in the existing potable water production process is planned. The hygienic hazards associated with the introduction of treated domestic wastewater into the water cycle are well recognised. Therefore, the concept of HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) was used to guarantee hygienically safe drinking water production. Taking into account the literature data on the removal efficiencies of the proposed advanced treatment steps with regard to enteric viruses and protozoa and after setting high quality limits based on the recent progress in quantitative risk assessment, the critical control points (CCPs) and points of attention (POAs) were identified. Based on the HACCP analysis a specific monitoring strategy was developed which focused on the control of these CCPs and POAs.
2008-01-01
Driven by consumer demands, European legislation has suggested the use of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) as the quality risk management programme for the whole dairy chain. Until now, an exception has been made for primary producers, but as regulations evolve, on-farm HACCP-like programmes should be ready to assure food safety as well as animal health and animal welfare. In our field experiment, the HACCP-concept was used to combine both optimal farm management and formalisation of quality assurance in an on-farm situation in the Netherlands. The process of young stock rearing was chosen, since its importance for the future of the farm is often underestimated. Hazards and their associated risk factors can be controlled within the farm-specific standards and tolerances, as targets can be controlled by corrective measures and by implementation of farm-specific worksheets. The veterinarian is pivotal for the facility-based HACCP team, since he/she has knowledge about on-farm risk assessment and relations between clinical pathology, feed and farm management. The HACCP concept in combination with veterinary herd health and production management programmes offers a promising approach to optimise on-farm production processes (i.e., young stock rearing) in addition to a structural approach for quality risk management on dairy farms. PMID:21851722
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Boersema JSC
2008-09-01
Full Text Available Abstract Driven by consumer demands, European legislation has suggested the use of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point as the quality risk management programme for the whole dairy chain. Until now, an exception has been made for primary producers, but as regulations evolve, on-farm HACCP-like programmes should be ready to assure food safety as well as animal health and animal welfare. In our field experiment, the HACCP-concept was used to combine both optimal farm management and formalisation of quality assurance in an on-farm situation in the Netherlands. The process of young stock rearing was chosen, since its importance for the future of the farm is often underestimated. Hazards and their associated risk factors can be controlled within the farm-specific standards and tolerances, as targets can be controlled by corrective measures and by implementation of farm-specific worksheets. The veterinarian is pivotal for the facility-based HACCP team, since he/she has knowledge about on-farm risk assessment and relations between clinical pathology, feed and farm management. The HACCP concept in combination with veterinary herd health and production management programmes offers a promising approach to optimise on-farm production processes (i.e., young stock rearing in addition to a structural approach for quality risk management on dairy farms.
Boersema, Jsc; Noordhuizen, Jptm; Vieira, A; Lievaart, Jj; Baumgartner, W
2008-09-01
Driven by consumer demands, European legislation has suggested the use of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) as the quality risk management programme for the whole dairy chain. Until now, an exception has been made for primary producers, but as regulations evolve, on-farm HACCP-like programmes should be ready to assure food safety as well as animal health and animal welfare. In our field experiment, the HACCP-concept was used to combine both optimal farm management and formalisation of quality assurance in an on-farm situation in the Netherlands. The process of young stock rearing was chosen, since its importance for the future of the farm is often underestimated. Hazards and their associated risk factors can be controlled within the farm-specific standards and tolerances, as targets can be controlled by corrective measures and by implementation of farm-specific worksheets. The veterinarian is pivotal for the facility-based HACCP team, since he/she has knowledge about on-farm risk assessment and relations between clinical pathology, feed and farm management. The HACCP concept in combination with veterinary herd health and production management programmes offers a promising approach to optimise on-farm production processes (i.e., young stock rearing) in addition to a structural approach for quality risk management on dairy farms.
Description of the food safety system in hotels and how it compares with HACCP standards.
Fletcher, Stephanie M; Maharaj, Satnarine R; James, Kenneth
2009-01-01
Tourism is an important earner of foreign exchange in Jamaica; hence, the protection of the visitors' health is very important. A study of travelers to Jamaica in 1996 to 1997 found that travelers' diarrhea (TD) affected almost 25% of visitors. The Ministry of Health (Jamaica) initiated a program for the prevention and control of TD aimed at reducing attack rates from 25.0% to 12.0% over a 5-year period through environmental health and food safety standards of hotels. This article examines the food safety systems in Jamaican hotels located in a popular resort area to find out how comparable they are with the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) strategy. A cross-sectional study was done of hotels in St. Mary and St. Ann. Quantitative data were obtained from food and beverage/sanitation staff and qualitative data through in-depth interviews with hotel managers. Observation of the food safety operations was also done. The majority (75%) of larger hotels used a combination of HACCP and Ministry of Health food safety strategies (p = 0.02) and offered all-inclusive services (r =-0.705, p = 0.001). Larger hotels were more likely to have a better quality team approach, HACCP plan, and monitoring of critical control points (CCPs) and more likely to receive higher scores (p hotel staff were knowledgeable of HACCP. Significantly smaller hotels (87.5%) received less than 70% in overall score (r = 0.75, p = 0.01). Identification of CCPs and monitoring of CCPs explained 96.6% of the change in the overall HACCP scores (p = 0.001). Hotel managers felt that some hotels' systems were comparable with HACCP and that larger properties were ready for mandatory implementation. Conclusions. While some components of the HACCP system were observed in larger hotels, there were serious shortcomings in its comparison. Mandatory implementation of HACCP would require that sector-specific policies be developed for smaller hotels and implemented on a phased basis.
The implementation of HACCP management system in a chocolate ice cream plant
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Junchao Lu
2014-09-01
Full Text Available To guarantee the safety of chocolate ice cream production, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP system was applied to the production process. The biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every step of chocolate ice cream production were identified. In addition, the critical control points were selected and the critical limits, monitoring, corrective measures, records, and verifications were established. The critical control points, which include pasteurization and freezing, were identified. Implementing the HACCP system in food manufacturing can effectively ensure food safety and quality, expand the market, and improve the manufacturers' management level.
Domenech, Eva; Amorós, José Antonio; Escriche, Isabel
2013-03-01
In food safety, implementation of prerequisites and application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) guarantee the control of processes, and microbiological criteria permit validation of their effectiveness. With these aims in mind, this article presents the results obtained by the official control carried out by the Valencian administration in ice cream and cheese companies, located in the Xativa/Ontinyente area (Valencian region, Spain) in the period between 2005 and 2010. The audits of Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) and HACCP show that "Structure & Design" followed by "Hygiene & Cleaning" and "Traceability" were the evaluated items with most nonconformities. Pathogenic microorganisms were not found in any of the final products analyzed. Microorganism indicators of unhygienic conditions were present in 100% of the analyses; however, 87.98% of them had low levels, which did not exceed the microbiological criteria. These results highlight the general good effectiveness of the safety management systems implemented and emphasize that companies and official control must continue working in order to guarantee the consumers' welfare.
Agyei-Baffour, Peter; Sekyere, Kofi Boateng; Addy, Ernestine Akosua
2013-11-04
Food borne diseases claim more lives and are growing public health concerns. Simple preventive techniques such as adoption and adherence to hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) policy can significantly reduce this disease burden. Though food screening and inspection are done, the ultimate regulation, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, which is known and accepted worldwide, appears not to be popular among food operators in Ghana. This paper examines the level of awareness of the existence of policy on hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) and its adherence to food preparation guidelines among food service providers in Ghana. The results revealed the mean age of food providers as 33.1 years with a standard deviation of 7.5, range of 18-55 years, more females, in full time employment and with basic education. Of the fifty institutional managers, 42 (84%) were senior officers and had worked for more than five years. Education and type of food operator had strong statistically significant relationship with the implementation of HCCP policy and adherence with food preparation guidelines. The enforcement of HACCP policy and adherence with food safety guidelines was led by the Ghana Tourist Board, Public Health officers, and KMA, respectively. While a majority of food operators 373/450 (83.3%) did not know HACCP policy is part of food safety guidelines, staff of food safety law enforcement 44/50 (88%) confirmed knowing that food operators were not aware of the HACCP policy. The study documents evidence on the practice of food safety principles or HACCP policy or adherence to food preparation guidelines. Existing food safety guidelines incorporate varying principles of HACCP, however, awareness is low among food operators. The implication is that food production is likely to fall short of acceptable standards and not be wholesome putting consumers at health risk. Repeating this study in rural and urban areas in Ghana is necessary to
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Adriano Gomes da Cruz
2006-03-01
Full Text Available Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF e Procedimentos Padrão de Higienização Operacional (PPHO são Programas Pré-requisitos (PPRs para implementação do sistema APPCC, sendo, em função disto, etapa inicial na adoção de sistemas de garantia de qualidade na indústria de alimentos. Nesse trabalho, foi avaliada uma unidade de processamento mínimo de hortaliças segundo uma auditoria, análises microbiológicas da água, equipamentos, utensílios e manipuladores. Foram verificadas diversas não-conformidades relacionadas à auditoria na unidade produtora. Nas análises microbiológicas foram identificados grupos microbianos em níveis superiores aos estabelecidos pela legislação (variação de 16 NMP/100 mL e 7-2400 NMP/cm² para coliformes a 35°C e a 44°C, na água e nos equipamentos e/ou utensílios, respectivamente. S. aureus não foi detectado nos manipuladores, enquanto que E. coli mostrou-se presente nos manipuladores e ausente na água. Os resultados revelam que a unidade produtora não tem as condições necessárias para a implementação do APPCC, sendo necessárias medidas corretivas, entre as quais, o ajuste do layout do processo, implementação de controle de pragas, treinamento para os manipuladores, além de controle efetivo dos parâmetros operacionais.Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP and Sanitation Standard Procedures Operation (SSOP are Pre-requisite Programs (PPRs for the HACCP system implementation, being the initial step at the adoption of an Assurance Quality System in the Food Industry. A Brazilian produce line was evaluated according to PPRs compliance and microbiological analysis of processing water, equipments/utensils and workers of packing room were performed. Several failures were detected in the auditing and presence of pathogens and microbial groups at values from the Brazilian legislation (range from 16 MNP/100 mL and 7-2400 MPN/cm² for total and fecal coliform at the water processing and equipments
The implementation of HACCP management system in a chocolate ice cream plant.
Lu, Junchao; Pua, Xiao-Hui; Liu, Chi-Te; Chang, Che-Lang; Cheng, Kuan-Chen
2014-09-01
To guarantee the safety of chocolate ice cream production, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was applied to the production process. The biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every step of chocolate ice cream production were identified. In addition, the critical control points were selected and the critical limits, monitoring, corrective measures, records, and verifications were established. The critical control points, which include pasteurization and freezing, were identified. Implementing the HACCP system in food manufacturing can effectively ensure food safety and quality, expand the market, and improve the manufacturers' management level. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.
HACCP: Integrating Science and Management through ASTM Standards
From a technical perspective, hazard analysis-critical control point (HACCP) evaluation may be considered a risk management tool suited to a wide range of applications. As one outcome of a symposium convened by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in August, 2005, th...
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DIANA CAROLINA CHAPARRO
2009-06-01
Full Text Available El Análisis de Riesgos y Puntos Críticos de Control conocido como ARPCC (HACCP, es un método sistemático, preventivo dirigido a la identificación, evaluación y control de los peligros asociados con las materias primas, ingredientes, procesos, comercialización y uso por el consumidor, a fin de garantizar la inocuidad del alimento. Este artículo expone una propuesta de una estrategia ARPCC orientada a garantizar la inocuidad de las semillas germinadas, basada en el sistema de ARPCC. Para ello se determinaron los riesgos (biológicos, físicos y químicos, se identificaron Puntos Críticos de Control (PCC, se establecieron límites críticos, se propusieron medidas preventivas y acciones correctivas. La metodología implementada se fundamentó en la aplicación de los Siete Principios Básicos establecidos por el Codex Alimentarius, obteniendo como resultado el diseño de la estrategia; como resultado se entregan los procedimientos indicados para obtener semillas germinadas para la alimentación humana totalmente inocuos.The Analysis of Risks and Critical Control points known like ARPCC (HACCP, it is a systematic, preventive method directed to the identification, evaluation and control of the dangers associated with the raw materials, ingredients, processes, marketing and use for the costumer in order to guarantee the innocuousness of the food. This article suggests a strategy ARPCC orientated to guaranteeing the innocuousness of the seeds germinated, based on ARPCC's system. For it the risks was established, biological, chemical and physical, there were identified Critical Points of Control (PCC, critical limits were established, they proposed preventive measures and corrective actions. The implemented methodology was based on the application of seven basic principles established by the Codex Alimentarius; the result was, the design of the strategy and the presentation of the indicated procedure to obtain germinated seeds for the human
HACCP in Small Companies:Benefit or Burden?
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
EuniceTaylor
2001-01-01
This paper acknowledges the importance of small companies across the food chain and indntifies the slow uptake of HACCP in these companies as an area of concern for the production of safe food,This set the scene for an analysis of the barriers to HACCP implementation which include availability of appropriate training in HACCP methodology,access to technical expertise and the general resource problems of time and money ,The burden that this places on the small business,particularly in terms of documentation,validation and verification,are then discussed,The paper concludes with a summary of the burdens and benefits that this sector faces as it moves towards compliance with food safety legislation.
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Cristina Farias da Fonseca
2013-03-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to verify the hygienic-sanitary working practices and to create and implement a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) in two lobster processing industries in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The industries studied process frozen whole lobsters, frozen whole cooked lobsters, and frozen lobster tails for exportation. The application of the hygienic-sanitary checklist in the industries analyzed achieved conformity rates over 96% to the aspects evaluated. The use of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan resulted in the detection of two critical control points (CCPs) including the receiving and classification steps in the processing of frozen lobster and frozen lobster tails, and an additional critical control point (CCP) was detected during the cooking step of processing of the whole frozen cooked lobster. The proper implementation of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan in the lobster processing industries studied proved to be the safest and most cost-effective method to monitor each critical control point (CCP) hazards.Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e criar um plano de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) para implantação em duas indústrias de processamento de lagosta no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. As indústrias estudadas processam lagosta inteira congelada, lagostas inteiras cozidas congeladas e caudas de lagosta congelada para exportação. A aplicação de um checklist de controle higiênico-sanitário nas indústrias visitadas resultou em uma classificação global de conformidades maior que 96% dos aspectos analisados. O desenvolvimento do plano APPCC resultou na detecção de dois pontos críticos de controle (PCC), incluindo o recebimento e etapas de classificação, no processamento de lagosta congelada e caudas de lagosta congelada, e um PCC adicional foi detectado no processamento de lagosta inteira cozida
[On peculiarities of introduction of HACCP in public catering].
Matison, V A; Ktiukova, E V; Shilov, G Iu
2006-01-01
The article deals with the introduction of HACCP system (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) in cooking food in public catering facilities: restaurant, dining-room, cafe and others. The article considers the advantages of this system and results of its introduction.
Pardo, José E; de Figueirêdo, Vinícius Reis; Alvarez-Ortí, Manuel; Zied, Diego C; Peñaranda, Jesús A; Dias, Eustáquio Souza; Pardo-Giménez, Arturo
2013-09-01
The Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) is a preventive system which seeks to ensure food safety and security. It allows product protection and correction of errors, improves the costs derived from quality defects and reduces the final overcontrol. In this paper, the system is applied to the line of cultivation of mushrooms and other edible cultivated fungi. From all stages of the process, only the reception of covering materials (stage 1) and compost (stage 3), the pre-fruiting and induction (step 6) and the harvest (stage 7) have been considered as critical control point (CCP). The main hazards found were the presence of unauthorized phytosanitary products or above the permitted dose (stages 6 and 7), and the presence of pathogenic bacteria (stages 1 and 3) and/or heavy metals (stage 3). The implementation of this knowledge will allow the self-control of their productions based on the system HACCP to any plant dedicated to mushroom or other edible fungi cultivation.
Arvanitoyannis, Ioannis S; Traikou, Athina
2005-01-01
The production of flour and semolina and their ensuing products, such as bread, cake, spaghetti, noodles, and corn flakes, is of major importance, because these products constitute some of the main ingredients of the human diet. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system aims at ensuring the safety of these products. HACCP has been implemented within the frame of this study on various products of both Asian and European origin; the hazards, critical control limits (CCLs), observation practices, and corrective actions have been summarized in comprehensive tables. Furthermore, the various production steps, packaging included, were thoroughly analyzed, and reference was made to both the traditional and new methodologies in an attempt to pinpoint the occurring differences (advantages and disadvantages) per process.
Evaluation of HACCP knowledge of the catering staff
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Ewa Cieślik
2013-03-01
Full Text Available This paper presents the results of a study on HACCP knowledge among catering staff. The study involved 100 people working in catering establishments randomly selected, such as restaurants, bars and cafes. The research tool was a survey questionnaire. The results indicate an insufficient level of knowledge of the respondents and indicate the need for training in the principles and significance of the HACCP system among people working in the catering industry. Since their knowledge is highly dependent, functioning of the HACCP system in the catering establishment seriously depends on their knowledge which is reflected in the quality and safety of food produced.
Bou Rached, Lizet; Ascanio, Norelis; Hernández, Pilar
2004-03-01
The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a systematic integral program used to identify and estimate the hazards (microbiological, chemical and physical) and the risks generated during the primary production, processing, storage, distribution, expense and consumption of foods. To establish a program of HACCP has advantages, being some of them: to emphasize more in the prevention than in the detection, to diminish the costs, to minimize the risk of manufacturing faulty products, to allow bigger trust to the management, to strengthen the national and international competitiveness, among others. The present work is a proposal based on the design of an HACCP program to guarantee the safety of the Bologna Special Type elaborated by a meat products industry, through the determination of hazards (microbiological, chemical or physical), the identification of critical control points (CCP), the establishment of critical limits, plan corrective actions and the establishment of documentation and verification procedures. The used methodology was based in the application of the seven basic principles settled down by the Codex Alimentarius, obtaining the design of this program. In view of the fact that recently the meat products are linked with pathogens like E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, these were contemplated as microbiological hazard for the establishment of the HACCP plan whose application will guarantee the obtaining of a safe product.
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T. Civera
2012-08-01
Full Text Available The research was aimed at collecting information on food safety knowledge by operators of small and less developed food businesses. This will allow to reveal what are the real drawbacks in HACCP application in these realities. Fifty meat producing plants located in Piedmont region were involved. In all the plants a questionnaire with questions on HACCP system was submitted. The analysis of the collected answers, evidenced that 42% of the operators needed to perform structural modifications in order to address the HACCP measures, whereas 40% applied modifications in working procedures. The most frequent shortcoming (44% of the answers of the HACCP system was represented by the applicability of Good Manufacturing Practices, and the most difficult control measure to be applied was the prevention of the cross-contaminations (40% of the answers. The information gathered within this project allowed to evidence the real needs of the micro businesses in the application of HACCP plan. These results can be useful for the institutions, which could elaborate HACCP alternative systems, able to better fulfil food safety requirements and Food Business Operator needs.
Jahnke, Michael; Kühn, Klaus-Dieter
2003-01-01
In order to guarantee the consistently high quality of medical products for human use, it is absolutely necessary that flawless hygiene conditions are maintained by the strict observance of hygiene rules. With the growing understanding of the impact of process conditions on the quality of the resulting product, process controls (surveillance) have gained increasing importance to complete the quality profile traditionally defined by post-process product testing. Today, process controls have become an important GMP requirement for the pharmaceutical industry. However, before quality process controls can be introduced, the manufacturing process has to be analyzed, with the focus on its critical quality-influencing steps. The HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) method is well recognized as a useful tool in the pharmaceutical industry. This risk analysis, following the guidelines of the HACCP method and the monitoring of critical steps during the manufacturing process was applied to the manufacture of methyl methacrylate solution used for bone cement and led to the establishment of a preventative monitoring system and constitutes an effective concept for quality assurance of hygiene and all other parameters influencing the quality of the product.
HACCP based quality assurance systems for organic food production systems
Knight, C.; Stanley, R.
2007-01-01
HACCP provides an effective, logical and structured means of assuring food safety. Although first used in food manufacturing operations, HACCP can be – and, increasingly is – applied to food production and handling operations at all stages in the food chain. This includes the primary production sector. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the principles of HACCP can be applied to organic production with special reference to the primary sector.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hegelund, Lene; Sørensen, Jan Tind
2007-01-01
In the process of developing a generic Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)-like system for securing animal health and welfare in organic egg production, an expert panel analysis was used to perform the initial hazard analysis. Eighteen advisers and researchers in organic egg...... specific systems. An expert panel analysis based on questionnaires was a useful tool during the first steps of developing a HACCP plan, conducting a hazard analysis and suggesting control points. However, care should be taken regarding the panel's size and fields of expertise in order to assure...... that the panel fully covers the field of interest throughout the study. A further development of the hazard analysis into a farm-specific HACCP system would include assembling an on-farm HACCP team consisting of farmers and advisors for the practical application of control points, alarm values and monitoring...
Bryant, Jeffrey; Brereton, Donald A.; Gill, Colin O.
2003-01-01
To guide the implementation of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system at a small abattoir, the microbiological conditions of pig carcasses at various stages of processing were assessed by enumerating total aerobes, coliforms, and Escherichia coli in samples collected from randomly selected sites on the carcasses. Those data indicated that carcasses were contaminated with bacteria mainly during dehairing and operations on the head. When carcasses were pasteurized after head removal, the numbers of total aerobes on dressed carcasses were reduced by about 1 order and the numbers of coliforms and E. coli were reduced by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Implementation of an HACCP system on the basis of the microbiological data gave cooled carcasses with mean numbers of total aerobes < 100/cm2, and mean numbers of coliforms and E. coli about 1/1000 cm2. PMID:12619556
Lay, Kruy Sun; Song, Ping; Merch, Keuth; Sakona, Phoeurng; Buisson, Y
2004-02-01
From July 2000 to July 2001, the hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system was implemented to the benefit of the traditional sandwich production in Phnom Penh City Sandwiches were initially analyzed for bacterial indicators among 6 large-scale producers during a 2 months period. In the second stage of the study, two selected producers were involved in the HACCP process. Microbiological analyses revealed a poor sanitary quality of samples from all the production lines tested. Implementation of HACCP method resulted in a reduction of microbial contamination, but this decrease was not significant compared with others steps of HACCP process (chi2 test for trend, p > 0.05). HACCP system was well accepted by producers but routine practices and wrong perception by production-line workers did limit the success of the process. A regulation on the mass catering sector should be part of a large strategy of food safety and environmental health in the city.
Novoa Farkas, María Luz Macarena
2008-01-01
El programa de Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control conocido por su siglas HACCP, Hazar Análisis Critical Control Points,es un método de fiscalizacalización de productos caracterizado por presentar enfoques preventivos y sistemáticos, para eliminar o minimizar los peligros físicos, químicos y biológicos en los alimentos, constituyendo, en la actualidad, la mejor herramienta para el logro de la inocuidad alintaria. La implementación de este Sistema, mundialmente exigido contrib...
Jouve, J L
1996-12-01
HACCP is intended to make food protection programs evolve from a mainly retrospective quality control toward a preventative quality assurance approach and to provide an increased confidence in food safety. In parallel, the continuous evolution of quality concepts in the food industry resulted in the development of quality systems and quality assurance techniques with regard to the EN 29,000 (ISO 9000) series of standards. Specific to the food industry, HACCP can be seen as a very effective method to prepare specific Safety Assurance Plans (cf. the quality assurance plan concept) within a quality systems approach (Jouve, 1993). By reference to ISO 8402, a Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) basically sets out "the specific quality practices, resources and sequence of activities relevant to a particular product, service, contract or project". Quality assurance plans are more particularly useful for projects relating to new products or processes and/or comprising inter-related tasks whose interaction may be complex. In addition, in contractual or regulatory situations, such plans can be used to demonstrate the supplier's capability to meet identified objectives, specification or standards. In the food industry, the management of safety is a critical and complex issue which fits very well in the scope of application of a specific QAP; it is also where the use of HACCP is otherwise recommended by priority.
Kussaga, J.B.; Luning, P.A.; Tiisekwa, B.P.M.; Jacxsens, L.
2017-01-01
This study aimed at giving insight into microbiological safety output of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)-based Food Safety Management System (FSMS) of a Nile perch exporting company by using a combined assessment, This study aimed at giving insight into microbiological safety output
HACCP在酿造酱油生产及品质控制中的应用%Application of HACCP in Soy Sauce Production and Quality Control
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈其钢; 古丽奴尔·吐拉西
2016-01-01
It is introduced HACCP management system the way of how to built on the soy sauce and the specific results of the implementation and using the meaning and necessity of soy sauce HACCP management system of quality control .%介绍HACCP管理体系在酿造酱油企业中建立HACCP的具体方法及实施结果,采用HACCP管理体系在酱油品质控制中的意义和必要性。
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Almir Toroman
2013-08-01
Full Text Available As it is well known, traditional production of smoked meat products requires technological processes, which carry some food safety hazards (e.g. content of Benzo[a]pyrene. (B[a]P. “OMEGA COMERC Ltd.”, a member of the meat industry in Visoko region, has implemented food safety management system according to the recommendations from Codex Alimentarius CAC-RCP (9, recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene. By implementing HACCP system, the Company established adequate control measures in producing Bosnian dry cured ham (bosanski pršut on traditional way including the smoking process in the chambers. By doing this, they have created conditions to measure B[a]P content in the Bosnian dry cured ham and implement HACCP system without impairing traditional production and food safety of the final product.The aim of this study is to present the effect of the specific production process onto the meat smoking in order to preserve hygienic, nutritional and sensory values, and also to control B[a]P content in the final product.Key words: Bosnian dry cured ham, traditional production, smoking process, Benzo[a]pyrene, HACCP
de Sousa, A A; de Salles, R K; Felipe, M R; Tosin, I
1999-03-01
The present article has as objective to describe the methodology of an experience of implantation of Hazard Analyses Critical Control Points (HACCP) with food handlers in a hospital food service establishment, inside of a conception of relationship and construction of knowledge. Meetings with the food handlers and nutritionists, with the objective of raising the difficulties poined for the sector and the work to be developed. The HACCP consisted of the evaluation of the operations, following the sequential steps recommended, looking itself to instruct the food handlers on the methods of the operations and its interpretations. The detected critical points, the measures of control, the criteria of correction and the monitoring have widely been argued, serving as didactic elements for the reconstruction of quality of the preparations. The discussions generated actions that were developed in short term, revealing the need of a more effective and continuous partnership for the new proposals.
Griffith, Chris
2006-01-01
Hospital cleaning and healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) continue to attract adverse media attention and consumer concern. Parallels exist with similar publicity relating to cleaning and food safety in the food industry almost 13 years earlier. This paper examines some of the management solutions developed in the food industry, and discusses their application to healthcare delivery. The food industry is managing food safety by adopting a dual approach based on pre-requisite programmes and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). How these differ is described and how the approaches and terminology can be adapted for use in healthcare is discussed. The food industry is moving towards external certification of safety using national and international standards. The HACCP approach, a management tool and a central requirement of these standards, is evolving and there is interest worldwide from the healthcare community. Its application to the decontamination of endoscopes, using conventional HACCP, is presented, as well as suggestions for a simplified format for managing patient-related procedures. Taking this type of approach to the management of HCAIs could provide greater transparency, reduce infection rates and increase consumer confidence. Potential problems in adopting HACCP, including cost and human resource, are discussed. The HACCP method/approach has previously been mentioned in the medical literature but this paper is one of the few to examine, from basic principles, its infection control application within a broader approach to quality assurance.
PENERAPAN HACCP BUBUR BAYI BERAS MERAH TERHADAP PENERIMAAN DAN LAMA WAKTU SIMPAN
Riska Listyanti; Lilik Hendrarini; narto narto
2017-01-01
Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan terlaksananya penerapan HACCP untuk bubur beras me-rah yang ditujukan untuk bayi usia 6-10 bulan, dan secara khusus menetapkan perbedaan lama waktu simpan bubur tersebut antara penerapan HACCP (variasi 1) dengan penerapan HACCP tanpa pengendalian CCP persiapan bahan (variasi 2); sanitasi alat (variasi 3); penjamah (variasi 4); cara pengolahan (variasi 5); penyimpanan (variasi 6) dan penyajian (variasi 7), serta mene-tapkan perbedaan penerimaan bubur beras ...
Integration of Aquifer Storage Transfer and Recovery and HACCP for Ensuring Drinking Water Quality
Lee, S. I.; Ji, H. W.
2015-12-01
The integration of ASTR (Aquifer Storage Transfer and Recovery) and HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) is being attempted to ensure drinking water quality in a delta area. ASTR is a water supply system in which surface water is injected into a well for storage and recovered from a different well. During the process natural water treatment is achieved in the aquifer. ASTR has advantages over surface reservoirs in that the water is protected from external contaminants and free from water loss by evaporation. HACCP, originated from the food industry, can efficiently manage hazards and reduce risks when it is introduced to the drinking water production. The study area is the located in the Nakdong River Delta, South Korea. Water quality of this region has been deteriorated due to the increased pollution loads from the upstream cities and industrial complexes. ASTR equipped with HACCP system is suggested as a means to heighten the public trust in drinking water. After the drinking water supply system using ASTR was decomposed into ten processes, principles of HACCP were applied. Hazardous event analysis was conducted for 114 hazardous events and nine major hazardous events were identified based on the likelihood and the severity assessment. Potential risk of chemical hazards, as a function of amounts, travel distance and toxicity, was evaluated and the result shows the relative threat a city poses to the drinking water supply facility. Next, critical control points were determined using decision tree analysis. Critical limits, maximum and/or minimum values to which biological, chemical or physical parameters must be controlled, were established. Other procedures such as monitoring, corrective actions and will be presented.
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IULIAN SUCEVEANU
2017-03-01
Full Text Available In the food industry development, the food safety and the valorization of by-products represent important aspects. The present study consists in the application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP method in pig slaughterhouses for scalding-skinning technology in order to ensure the conformity of meat quality and the by-products management and recycling. In order to optimize the scalding-skinning process of swine, all the classical technological steps of the technological processes were analyzed separately and globally, with the adaptation of the HACCP method for the new technology. The result of this study shows that the implementation of the new technology that combines existing technologies has many advantages from both an economic and a technological point of view. At the same time the new technology ensures food safety by taking account of the application of the food safety system, respectively, HACCP method.
Oyarzabal, Omar A; Rowe, Ellen
2017-04-01
The terms hazard and risk are significant building blocks for the organization of risk-based food safety plans. Unfortunately, these terms are not clear for some personnel working in food manufacturing facilities. In addition, there are few examples of active learning modules for teaching adult participants the principles of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP). In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of an active learning module to teach hazard and risk to participants of HACCP classes provided by the University of Vermont Extension in 2015 and 2016. This interactive module is comprised of a questionnaire; group playing of a dice game that we have previously introduced in the teaching of HACCP; the discussion of the terms hazard and risk; and a self-assessment questionnaire to evaluate the teaching of hazard and risk. From 71 adult participants that completed this module, 40 participants (56%) provided the most appropriate definition of hazard, 19 participants (27%) provided the most appropriate definition of risk, 14 participants (20%) provided the most appropriate definitions of both hazard and risk, and 23 participants (32%) did not provide an appropriate definition for hazard or risk. Self-assessment data showed an improvement in the understanding of these terms (P active learning modules to teach food safety classes. This study suggests that active learning helps food personnel better understand important food safety terms that serve as building blocks for the understanding of more complex food safety topics.
Barten, M; Noordhuizen, J P M; Lipman, L J A
2008-10-01
An increasing number of Dutch dairy farmers have diversified their activities, often opening their farm up to visitors (tourist accommodation, farm shop, contact with livestock, etc). It is essential to prevent these visitors from having accidents or becoming ill, which could result in financial claims and might harm the reputation of the agricultural sector. This article describes how the hazard analysis critical control points concept and principles (HACCP) can be applied to these activities and integrated with on-farm operational herd health and production management programmes.
Muinde, R K; Kiinyukia, C; Rombo, G O; Muoki, M A
2012-12-01
To determine the microbial load in food, examination of safety measures and possibility of implementing an Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system. The target population for this study consisted of restaurants owners in Thika. Municipality (n = 30). Simple randomsamples of restaurantswere selected on a systematic sampling method of microbial analysis in cooked, non-cooked, raw food and water sanitation in the selected restaurants. Two hundred and ninety eight restaurants within Thika Municipality were selected. Of these, 30 were sampled for microbiological testing. From the study, 221 (74%) of the restaurants were ready to eat establishments where food was prepared early enough to hold and only 77(26%) of the total restaurants, customers made an order of food they wanted. 118(63%) of the restaurant operators/staff had knowledge on quality control on food safety measures, 24 (8%) of the restaurants applied these knowledge while 256 (86%) of the restaurants staff showed that food contains ingredients that were hazard if poorly handled. 238 (80%) of the resultants used weighing and sorting of food materials, 45 (15%) used preservation methods and the rest used dry foods as critical control points on food safety measures. The study showed that there was need for implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system to enhance food safety. Knowledge of HACCP was very low with 89 (30%) of the restaurants applying some of quality measures to the food production process systems. There was contamination with Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus microbial though at very low level. The means of Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureas microbial in sampled food were 9.7 x 103CFU/gm, 8.2 x 103 CFU/gm and 5.4 x 103 CFU/gm respectively with Coliforms taking the highest mean.
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Sayed Mohammad Naim Khalid
2015-04-01
Full Text Available In Afghanistan food safety is managed by several ministries including Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Commerce and municipalities. There is no food law but multiple ministerial decrees which ensure if GMP is implemented well. There is no legal requirement to get food safety certification. Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP is recognized as a key part of food safety management practice in the global food industry and can be applied at any stage of the food supply chain. This article discusses accepted approaches to the application of HACCP principles for the development, implementation, and maintenance of HACCP plan. It is intended as an introduction to food safety system in Afghanistan, giving propositions to government on how to apply the principles in a stepwise approach, and showing how HACCP benefit public and private sector and also suggesting ways how to adapt this approach in the food businesses.
Gong, Shunlong; Ma, Chenglin; Yang, Yinsheng; Bai, Li; He, Linyi
The paper reports the results of a study of the costs and benefits associated with the implementation and operation of HACCP in the Chinese slaughtering and meat product processing industry. The research results suggest that although some kinds of intangible costs are more regularly referred to, the major costs of implementing and operating HACCP in the industry are still relatively tangible, such as investment in new equipments and product testing. And although most respondents indicated that the costs of implementing and operating HACCP were approximately in accordance with their prior expectations, still a significant majority indicated that some costs exceeded their expectations. The results also suggest that the slaughtering and meat product processing enterprises do derive benefits from implementing and operating HACCP, and some of them have derived distinct benefits. The results have implications for the further adoption of HACCP not only in the industry itself but also in the Chinese food industry as a whole. Policy makers should take account of these research results and make more quantitative researches to offer more comprehensive and classified information to help food enterprises make decisions on HACCP implementation and operation.
Evaluation of a HACCP pilot program for the food service industry.
Abernathy, Tom; Hart, Robert
2004-01-01
To evaluate the efficacy and applicability of a HACCP-based program for use in restaurants. A randomly selected sample of 16 intervention and 42 control full service, "stand-alone" restaurants with a minimum of 3 full-time food handling staff on duty per shift. Six communities in Central West Ontario. The Critical Approach, a HACCP-based program for use in restaurants, was designed in consultation with health inspectors and restaurant operators. It focusses on generic risk factors (Critical Control Points, CCPs) for food handlers rather than assessing specific menu items or foods; offers appropriate training of both management and staff; and encourages self-monitoring of CCPs by operators without extensive record keeping or retention. Outcome indicators measured changes in three areas: the environment, knowledge, and behaviour. Results suggest that among a subpopulation of restaurants, the program is acceptable to operators and capable of producing tangible results. Principles and methods of the program (i.e., an initial assessment of the site, working with the operator to identify and suggest improvements, and return visits to monitor compliance) may be transferable to other types of food service operations.
A'diat, Arkan Addien Al; Liquiddanu, Eko; Laksono, Pringgo Widyo; Sutopo, Wahyudi; Suletra, I. Wayan
2018-02-01
Along with the increasing number of the modern retail business in Indonesia, give an opportunity to small and medium enterprise (SME) to sell its products through the modern retailer. There are some obstacles faced by the SMEs, one of them is about product standard. Product standard that must be owned by SMEs are GMP standard and halal standard. This research was conducted to know the fulfillment by the beef floss enterprise in jagalan in fulfilling the GMP standard and halal. In addition, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was applied to analyze the process. HACCP which used in this research was based on the seven principles in SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 01-4852-1998. The seven principles included hazard analysis, critical control point (CCP) determination, critical limit establishment, CCP monitor system establishment, corrective action establishment, verification, and also documentation establishment that must be applied in preparing HACCP plan. Based on this case study, it is concluded that there were 5 CCPs : the boiling process, roasting process, frying process, the beef floss draining process, and the packaging process.
Application of HACCP system in the ice cream production
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Meho Bašić
2005-01-01
Full Text Available For enhancement of quality in all production segments, the ice cream factory «SA&JACOM» Sarajevo has made a decision to introduce a system of quality control and health safety for all of its products.Possible critical control points were analyzed and successfully specified, with hazard reduction to tolerant level, and in some cases with total hazard elimination. Using HACCP methodology, it is expected that the factory will produce the ice-creams with reliable preliminary established quality and accepted level of hygienic and health safety. All the activities are applied in a precise and documented way, so the products of this factory achieve trust of the customers and provide an official production certificate.
Vermeulen, Emma Emmerenza
2006-01-01
Main aim: To supply recommendations to implement a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) system in a hospital food service unit serving low bacterial diets in order to prevent or decrease the infection rates in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) patients. Objectives: Firstly, to investigate the current food safety and hygiene status in a hospital food service unit, serving low bacterial diets, by means of a questionnaire and bacterial swabs taken from the...
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Omar A. Oyarzabal
2017-04-01
Full Text Available The terms hazard and risk are significant building blocks for the organization of risk-based food safety plans. Unfortunately, these terms are not clear for some personnel working in food manufacturing facilities. In addition, there are few examples of active learning modules for teaching adult participants the principles of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of an active learning module to teach hazard and risk to participants of HACCP classes provided by the University of Vermont Extension in 2015 and 2016. This interactive module is comprised of a questionnaire; group playing of a dice game that we have previously introduced in the teaching of HACCP; the discussion of the terms hazard and risk; and a self-assessment questionnaire to evaluate the teaching of hazard and risk. From 71 adult participants that completed this module, 40 participants (56% provided the most appropriate definition of hazard, 19 participants (27% provided the most appropriate definition of risk, 14 participants (20% provided the most appropriate definitions of both hazard and risk, and 23 participants (32% did not provide an appropriate definition for hazard or risk. Self-assessment data showed an improvement in the understanding of these terms (P < 0.05. Thirty participants (42% stated that the most valuable thing they learned with this interactive module was the difference between hazard and risk, and 40 participants (65% responded that they did not attend similar presentations in the past. The fact that less than one third of the participants answered properly to the definitions of hazard and risk at baseline is not surprising. However, these results highlight the need for the incorporation of modules to discuss these important food safety terms and include more active learning modules to teach food safety classes. This study suggests that active learning helps food personnel better understand important
HACCP在禽肉、水产品加工中的应用%HACCP in Poultry and Seafood
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
陈本洲; 李海锋
2003-01-01
Poultry and seafood are important parts of food processing. In this article, the seven principles of HACCP and its application in poultry and seafood were described. From material to product, the hazard was deeply analysis. Based on this analysis, many methods were put up for setting up HACCP system in poultry and seafood factories, the relation of trade and HACCP also has been narrated.
Panunzio, Michele F; Antoniciello, Antonietta; Pisano, Alessandra
2007-03-01
Within the realm of evaluating self-monitoring plans, developed based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) method and adopted by food companies, little research has been done concerning the quality of the plans. The Servizio di Igiene degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione (Food and Nutrition Health Service) of the Local Health Authority of Foggia, Italy, has conducted research with the aim to adopt a system of indexes and indicators for the qualitative evaluation of HACCP plans. The critical areas considered were the following: simplicity, specificity, feasibility and adherence. During the period from January 2004 to June 2005, the evaluation grid was used in examining 250 HACCP self-monitoring plans of food companies. For the analysis of the determining factor four groups were considered, with reference to HACCP self-monitoring plans designed: group 1 - with the aid of a qualified team; group 2 - with the aid of an unqualified team; group 3 - with the aid of an unqualified expert; group 4 - without the aid of an expert. The mean values of the measures elaborated decrease towards insufficiency moving from group 1 to group 4. In particular, collaboration by teams of unqualified experts brought about drafting unacceptable HACCP plans on the levels of specificity and adherence, with respect to the HACCP method. The method proposed of the analysis of the indexes and indicators beginning with an evaluation sheet can also help the individual company to better adjust contribution by internal or external professionals to the company.
López DSola, Patrizia; Sandia, María Gabriela; Bou Rached, Lizet; Hernández Serrano, Pilar
2012-01-01
El Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Crítico (HACCP) es una herramienta para la Gestión de Inocuidad de los alimentos que permite identificar los peligros físicos, químicos y biológicos asociados al proceso a través de toda la cadena productiva. Este trabajo tiene por finalidad diseñar el Programa de HACCP para el proceso de producción de cacao en polvo en una industria de alimentos venezolana. Previamente se evaluó el cumplimiento de las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM) y los Pro...
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Novri Ilmiawan
2014-10-01
Full Text Available The object of this research was to merge the application of HACCP system and ISO 9001:2008 in ISP company into ISO 22000:2009. The research method used was case study method. The study was conducted on three stages. The first was the arrangement gap analysis conducted by comparing the conditions of the company with ISO 22000:2009 standards. The second was by observing sanitation and pre requisite programs. The third was by observing traceability system. The data in this research were reported descriptively, consisted of ISO 9001:2008 and HACCP application in the company and the gaps of principles in ISO 22000:2009 toward ISO 9001:2008 and HACCP. The result showed that ISP company has applied 12 steps which covered in HACCP system, and also the ISO 9001 system were appropriate with ISO 9001:2008 standards in every clauses. Pre requisite program (GMP and SSOP have been effectively applied. GMP in ISP company is categorized on the first spot (excellent. The eight keys of SSOP have been fulfilled. ISP company has been fulfilling 54 from 57 (94.74% criteria in ISO 22000:2009 standards, yet there still several things needed to be improved, which are the quality manual content and HACCP table plan and its monitoring. The traceability system has been applied well in ISP. Keywords : HACCP, ISO 9001, ISO 22000, GMP, SSOP.
The use of quantitative risk assessment in HACCP
Hoornstra, E.; Northolt, M.D.; Notermans, S.; Barendsz, A.W.
2001-01-01
During the hazard analysis as part of the development of a HACCP-system, first the hazards (contaminants) have to be identified and then the risks have to be assessed. Often, this assessment is restricted to a qualitative analysis. By using elements of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) the hazard
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Boaratti, Maria de Fatima Guerra
2004-07-01
Food borne diseases, in particular gastro-intestinal infections, represent a very large group of pathologies with a strong negative impact on the health of the population because of their widespread nature. Little consideration is given to such conditions due to the fact that their symptoms are often moderate and self-limiting. This has led to a general underestimation of their importance, and consequently to incorrect practices during the preparation and preservation of food, resulting in the frequent occurrence of outbreaks involving groups of varying numbers of consumers. Despite substantial efforts in the avoidance of contamination, an upward trend in the number of outbreaks of food borne illnesses caused by non-spore forming pathogenic bacteria are reported in many countries. Good hygienic practices can reduce the level of contamination but the most important pathogens cannot presently be eliminated from most farms, nor is it possible to eliminate them by primary processing, particularly from those foods which are sold raw. Several decontamination methods exist but the most versatile treatment among them is the ionizing radiation procedure. HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product. For successful implementation of a HACCP plan, management must be strongly committed to the HACCP concept. A firm commitment to HACCP by top management provides company employees with a sense of the importance of producing safe food. At the same time, it has to be always emphasized that, like other intervention strategies, irradiation must be applied as part of a total sanitation program. The benefits of irradiation should never be considered as an excuse for poor quality or for poor handling and storage conditions
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Massami Shimokomaki
2001-05-01
Full Text Available The possibility of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points – HACCP- system implementation was evaluated at University Restaurant (UR of State University of Londrina (UEL. A study was designed to assure the safety of vegetables served as raw salad. Lettuce salad was taken as example. After checking the Good Manufacturing Practice it was verified further that UR presented the necessary conditions to allow the HACCP system implementation for this product. The chemical, physical and biological hazards were checked throughout lettuce salad preparation and the critical control points were identified at raw material (CCP chemical, washing (physical CCP and disinfecting step (biological CCP. Preventive and monitoring measures were also established in order to assure a safe lettuce salad provided by the UEL-UR.Foi desenvolvida uma avaliação sobre a possibilidade de implementar um programa de um sistema de Análise de Perigo e Pontos Críticos de Controle – APPCC, visando assegurar a inocuidade de hortaliças servidas como salada crua no Restaurante Universitário (RU da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, tomando-se como exemplo, a salada de alface. Avaliados os procedimentos das Boas Práticas de Fabricação, foi verificado que o RU apresentou boa parte dos requisitos necessários para que seja implantado o sistema APPCC. Foram listados os perigos químicos, físicos e biológicos para cada etapa da produção de salada de alface. Como pontos críticos de controle foram identificadas as etapas de recebimento (PCC químico, lavagem (PCC físico e desinfecção (PCC biológico e estabelecidas as medidas preventivas e de monitoramento.
Vyhodnotenie systému HACCP vo vybranom reštauračnom zariadení
Svitek, Andrej
2013-01-01
The aim of the thesis is to thoroughly evaluate the usage of the HACCP system in a specific restaurant. Firstly, the basics of food hygiene, wholesomeness of foodstuffs, HACCP, good manufacturing practice and good hygienic practice are explained in the theoretical part. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview of legislative requirements is created. In the empirical part, an analysis of a specific restaurant is conducted. The defects that are identified in the analysis are then eliminated by em...
Jagals, C; Jagals, P
2004-01-01
HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control points) principles were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of two water treatment facilities to continually produce potable water free of microbiological health hazards. This paper reports a hazard analyses protocol (microbiological hazards based on faecal coliforms (FC) and turbidity (TBY) as indicators) for critical control points (CCPs) within each facility. The CCPs were raw resource water, sedimentation, filtration and chlorine-disinfection. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of each CCP to remove the indicators from the water under treatment. Arbitrary critical performance limit targets (CPLTs) were set up for each CCP to determine to what extent each contributed to effective removal and to predict what the effect would be if any of the CCPs should fail. Health-related water quality guideline limits for expected health effects were applied and compliance measured at the 90th percentile. The raw resource river water used at both treatment facilities complied with raw resource water extraction CPLTs. The treated potable water complied with health-related drinking water guidelines. Sedimentation removed the largest proportion of the indicators from the raw water, but showed failure potential that could overload the consequent system. Filtration effectiveness at both treatment facilities showed potential to break down the overall effectiveness of the entire treatment facility, since the filter systems failed to meet their respective CPLTs. This left the disinfection phase to remove the remaining portion of indicators. Faecal coliforms appeared to be completely removed from post-chlorination samples. This indicated that both chlorine disinfection phases were 100% effective in meeting their disinfection CPLTs, despite having to "clean up" the indicator organisms that spilt over from the upstream CCPs. This, nevertheless, implied a risk of unsafe water release into distribution. CCPs at these treatment
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Novri Ilmiawan
2014-12-01
Full Text Available The object of this research was to merge the application of HACCP system and ISO 9001:2008 in ISP company into ISO 22000:2009. The research method used was case study method. The study was conducted on three stages. The first was the arrangement gap analysis conducted by comparing the conditions of the company with ISO 22000:2009 standards. The second was by observing sanitation and pre requisite programs. The third was by observing traceability system. The data in this research were reported descriptively, consisted of ISO 9001:2008 and HACCP application in the company and the gaps of principles in ISO 22000:2009 toward ISO 9001:2008 and HACCP. The result showed that ISP company has applied 12 steps which covered in HACCP system, and also the ISO 9001 system were appropriate with ISO 9001:2008 standards in every clauses. Pre requisite program (GMP and SSOP have been effectively applied. GMP in ISP company is categorized on the first spot (excellent. The eight keys of SSOP have been fulfilled. ISP company has been fulfilling 54 from 57 (94.74% criteria in ISO 22000:2009 standards, yet there still several things needed to be improved, which are the quality manual content and HACCP table plan and its monitoring. The traceability system has been applied well in ISP . Key words : HACCP, ISO 9001, ISO 22000, GMP, SSOP.
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Diana Cortés
2003-01-01
Full Text Available
La enfermedad transmitida por alimentos (ETA es el síndrome
originado por la ingestión de alimentos y/o agua con contaminación
química, física o biológica que puede afectar la salud. La frecuencia de ETA es aproximadamente de mil millones de casos/año en el mundo y está entre las primeras causas de muerte en niños.
Un alimento inocuo no debe presentar riesgos químicos, físicos
o biológicos para el consumidor y no genera efectos adversos sobre
su calidad de vida ni su salud. El Sistema de Análisis de Riesgos y
Control en Puntos Críticos (HACCP con fundamentos científicos y
carácter sistemático identifica peligros y medidas para controlarlos,
para garantizar la inocuidad de los alimentos. El objetivo de este
trabajo fue aplicar los principios HACCP y elaborar el plan HACCP para
la línea de proceso de salchichas.
Et İşletmelerine HACCP Programının Yerleştirilmesi
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Ayla Soyer
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Tehlike Analizleri ve Kritik Kontrol Noktaları (HACCP programı, sağlık açısından güvenilir gıda üretimini sağlamak amacıyla, proses sırasında söz konusu olabilecek tehlikeleri tanımlama ve kontrol etme aracı olarak et işletmelerinde kullanımı giderek artan bir kontrol sistemidir. Et işletmelerine HACCP programının yerleştirilmesi, raf ömrü sınırlı olan ve uygun olmayan koşullarda işlendiğinde veya muhafaza edildiğindi insan sağlığına yönelik ciddi riskler taşıyan et ve et ürünlerinin güvenirliğini sağlaması bakımından önemlidir. HACCP yaklaşımı, özellikle mikro biyolojik tehlikeleri ve çıkması olası problemleri ortaya çıkmadan önlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Osimani, Andrea; Aquilanti, Lucia; Tavoletti, Stefano; Clementi, Francesca
2013-04-17
Food safety is essential in mass catering. In Europe, Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004 requires food business operators to put in place, implement and maintain permanent procedures based on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. Each HACCP plan is specifically implemented for the processing plant and processing methods and requires a systematic collection of data on the incidence, elimination, prevention, and reduction of risks. In this five-year-study, the effectiveness of the HACCP plan of a University canteen was verified through periodic internal auditing and microbiological monitoring of meals, small equipment, cooking tools, working surfaces, as well as hands and white coats of the canteen staff. The data obtained revealed no safety risks for the consumers, since Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were never detected; however, a quite discontinuous microbiological quality of meals was revealed. The fluctuations in the microbial loads of mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and sulphite-reducing clostridia were mainly ascribed to inadequate handling or processing procedures, thus suggesting the need for an enhancement of staff training activities and for a reorganization of tasks. Due to the wide variety of the fields covered by internal auditing, the full conformance to all the requirements was never achieved, though high scores, determined by assigning one point to each answer which matched with the requirements, were achieved in all the years.
Osimani, Andrea; Aquilanti, Lucia; Tavoletti, Stefano; Clementi, Francesca
2013-01-01
Food safety is essential in mass catering. In Europe, Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004 requires food business operators to put in place, implement and maintain permanent procedures based on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. Each HACCP plan is specifically implemented for the processing plant and processing methods and requires a systematic collection of data on the incidence, elimination, prevention, and reduction of risks. In this five-year-study, the effectiveness of the HACCP plan of a University canteen was verified through periodic internal auditing and microbiological monitoring of meals, small equipment, cooking tools, working surfaces, as well as hands and white coats of the canteen staff. The data obtained revealed no safety risks for the consumers, since Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were never detected; however, a quite discontinuous microbiological quality of meals was revealed. The fluctuations in the microbial loads of mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and sulphite-reducing clostridia were mainly ascribed to inadequate handling or processing procedures, thus suggesting the need for an enhancement of staff training activities and for a reorganization of tasks. Due to the wide variety of the fields covered by internal auditing, the full conformance to all the requirements was never achieved, though high scores, determined by assigning one point to each answer which matched with the requirements, were achieved in all the years. PMID:23594937
Stinson, Wendy Bounds; Carr, Deborah; Nettles, Mary Frances; Johnson, James T.
2011-01-01
Purpose/Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the extent to which school nutrition (SN) programs have implemented food safety programs based on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles, as well as factors, barriers, and practices related to implementation of these programs. Methods: An online survey was…
IULIAN SUCEVEANU; IRINA-CLAUDIA ALEXA; LUMINITA GROSU; OANA-IRINA PATRICIU; IRINA IFRIM; MIRELA SUCEVEANU
2017-01-01
In the food industry development, the food safety and the valorization of by-products represent important aspects. The present study consists in the application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) method in pig slaughterhouses for scalding-skinning technology in order to ensure the conformity of meat quality and the by-products management and recycling. In order to optimize the scalding-skinning process of swine, all the classical technological steps of the technological...
Sampers, I.; Toyofuku, H.; Luning, P.A.; Uyttendaele, M.; Jacxsens, L.
2012-01-01
This study aimed to gain an insight in the performance of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)-based food safety management systems (FSMS) implemented in Japanese milk processing plants. Since 1995, Japan has a comprehensive approval system for food manufacturing establishments by
Research on the Safety of Dairy Supply Chain Based on HACCP%基于HACCP的乳制品供应链质量安全管控研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
宋宝娥
2016-01-01
On the basis of analyzing dairy supply chain process, this paper identiif es raw milk production,dairy product processing and sales as critical control points. It adopts HACCP system and makes raw milk HACCP plan form, dairy product processing HACCP plan form as well as dairy product sale HACCP plan form in order to provide theoretical and practical guidance for dairy supply chain quality safety.%文章在分析乳制品供应链流程的基础上,确定原奶生产、乳制品加工以及乳制品销售为关键控制点,结合HACCP管理体系分别制定了原奶HACCP计划表、乳制品生产加工HACCP计划表以及乳制品销售HACCP计划表,以期为乳制品供应链质量安全的监控提供理论参考和实践指导。
Analysing the Logic and Rigor in the Process of Verification of HACCP Plan%论验证HACCP计划过程中的逻辑性和严密性
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
秦红
2013-01-01
HACCP体系是一种系统性的食品安全预防控制体系,现已经越来越受到出口食品加工企业的重视,在许多企业中广泛运用并且质量提升效果明显。但是随着HACCP的不断发展,无论国内外官方有无要求,正有越来越多的企业申请HACCP验证或认证。现在企业制订HACCP计划,基本是采用美国国家水产品HACCP培训和教育联盟编写的“HACCP教程”给出的模式,但这种模式的要求是非常严格的。笔者将从逻辑性和严密性两个方面论证此模式下的HACCP计划的验证。旨在帮助指导审核人员完善HACCP计划验证过程,确保HACCP计划的有效实施。%HACCP system is a systematic preventive food safety control system, nowadays,the export food processing enterprises pay more and more attention to it , which has been widely used in many enterprises and the quality improvement effect is obvious. But with the development of HACCP , more and more enterprises apply for HACCP verification or certification. Basically , the enterprise use the model of the"HACCP Guidance"writing by the SHA, to make its HACCP plan, however. This model's requirement is very strict. I will analyse the logic and rigor in the process of verification of HACCP plan. In order to help guiding the personnel perfecting the HACCP plan Verification process, ensure the effective implementation of the HACCP plan.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Amin Kiyani
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Background: consumption of mineral waters in the world has increased in recent years, and also concerns of consumers about its contamination are growing. Thereby, implementation of such a protective system as HACCP can prevent contamination of waters by different agents. This research aimed to develop an HACCP-Plan standard for mineral waters manufacturing factories in Iran. Methods: In current study, like production lines, polyethylene terephthalate (PET containers packaging, warehouses and laboratories sections of factories were observed from view of production and quality control. To monitor, control and restrict the hazards, seven principles of HACCP were considered. In continue applicable solutions were presented inclusive and practically for all factories. Required information were verified and presented through investigation of national and international standards. Results: The results shown that lack of sanitizing mineral water supplies and factories environment, incomplete water treatment, non-standard production of PET bottles, improper storage of raw materials and final product, and lack of inspection of equipment led to the increasing health hazards of the product and endanger the consumers health. Conclusion: In order to produce safe mineral water, it is necessary to sanitize the water supplies and factory environment. In addition, the process of water treatment and the production of PET bottles must be according to national and international standards. As the implementation of the HACCP system in various mineral water producing factories is not same, application of developed system in this research will be effective to standardize the implementation of this system in plants.
Hegelund, L; Sørensen, J T
2007-08-01
In the process of developing a generic Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)-like system for securing animal health and welfare in organic egg production, an expert panel analysis was used to perform the initial hazard analysis. Eighteen advisers and researchers in organic egg production were included in the expert panel. In a series of four questionnaires, the expert panel first scored 34 health and welfare problems seen in Danish organic egg production. Based on scorings of severity and occurrence, 10 problems were selected for further analysis. The experts subsequently suggested and scored risk factors for those problems and finally suggested control points, alarm values indicating the need for corrective actions in order to control the risk factors and monitoring frequencies of these. The 10 selected problems were hunger, thirst, piling, crop impaction, blackhead, pasteurellosis, bone fractures, cannibalism, predators and red mites. A total of 154 different risk factors were suggested for these problems. The 41 risk factors which rated highest in a combined scoring of importance and occurrence were selected for further analysis. There was a high degree of consensus between experts when scoring both problems and risk factors. The level of consensus, as defined by an interquartile range 1, was 79% to 100% when scoring the health and welfare problems (scale 1-5) and 77% to 95% when scoring the risk factors (scale 1-4). On average, 5.8 control points were suggested for every risk factor. Alarm values were often not detailed enough to be of practical significance and further analysis is needed in order to define these. The experts were highly diverse in their suggested monitoring frequencies and establishment of monitoring schemes should be part of developing the farm specific systems. An expert panel analysis based on questionnaires was a useful tool during the first steps of developing a HACCP plan, conducting a hazard analysis and suggesting control
Panunzio, Michele F.; Antoniciello, Antonietta; Pisano, Alessandra; Rosa, Giovanna
2007-01-01
With respect to food safety, many works have studied the effectiveness of self-monitoring plans of food companies, designed using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) method. On the other hand, in-depth research has not been made concerning the adherence of the plans to HACCP standards. During our research, we evaluated 116 self-monitoring plans adopted by food companies located in the territory of the Local Health Authority (LHA) of Foggia, Italy. The general errors (terminology, philosophy and redundancy) and the specific errors (transversal plan, critical limits, hazard specificity, and lack of procedures) were standardized. Concerning the general errors, terminological errors pertain to half the plans examined, 47% include superfluous elements and 60% have repetitive subjects. With regards to the specific errors, 77% of the plans examined contained specific errors. The evaluation has pointed out the lack of comprehension of the HACCP system by the food companies and has allowed the Servizio di Igiene degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione (Food and Nutrition Health Service), in its capacity as a control body, to intervene with the companies in order to improve designing HACCP plans. PMID:17911662
Analysis of School Food Safety Programs Based on HACCP Principles
Roberts, Kevin R.; Sauer, Kevin; Sneed, Jeannie; Kwon, Junehee; Olds, David; Cole, Kerri; Shanklin, Carol
2014-01-01
Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how school districts have implemented food safety programs based on HACCP principles. Specific objectives included: (1) Evaluate how schools are implementing components of food safety programs; and (2) Determine foodservice employees food-handling practices related to food safety.…
Petruzzelli, Annalisa; Foglini, Martina; Paolini, Francesca; Framboas, Marisa; Serena Altissimi, M; Naceur Haouet, M; Mangili, Piermario; Osimani, Andrea; Clementi, Francesca; Cenci, Telemaco; Tonucci, Franco
2014-01-01
A study was carried out to verify the appropriateness of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan adopted in a school catering facility. To that end, the microbiological quality of foods, the correct implementation of special diets (lactose- and gluten-free) and the nutritional value of foods were assessed. Thirty-six samples of lactose-free and 87 samples of gluten-free special diet food preparations were subjected to microbiological, chemical, and nutritional analyses. The data collected demonstrate the effectiveness of the HACCP plan in reducing the occurrence of microbial and chemical (lactose and gluten) cross-contamination. The data obtained from the nutritional analyses showed that the dietary intake provided by the meals under study was satisfactory.
Massami Shimokomaki; Clarice Fujiko Yonemitsu; Rosicler Balduino Nogueira; Simone Palma Favaro
2001-01-01
The possibility of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points – HACCP- system implementation was evaluated at University Restaurant (UR) of State University of Londrina (UEL). A study was designed to assure the safety of vegetables served as raw salad. Lettuce salad was taken as example. After checking the Good Manufacturing Practice it was verified further that UR presented the necessary conditions to allow the HACCP system implementation for this product. The chemical, physical and biologi...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria Kaczmarek
2014-09-01
Full Text Available The paper presents theoretical issues concerning the possibilities of application of the HACCP system rules in the process of improving the quality of education in secondary schools. The carried out analysis show that it is possible to apply the HACCP system rules in secondary schools. Implementation of the HACCP system rules in schools can be beneficial in four areas: economically-financial, organisational, educational and social. Moreover, the education security would increase, the intellectual loss and failure of students would be diminished and on the educational market an increase of competitiveness and trust to school and its graduates would be observed.
Chui, Kenneth K H; Webb, Patrick; Russell, Robert M; Naumova, Elena N
2009-12-03
About 1.4 million Salmonella infections, a common food-borne illness, occur in the U.S. annually; the elderly (aged 65 or above) are most susceptible. In 1997, the USDA introduced the Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Systems (PR/HACCP) which demands regular Salmonella testing in various establishments processing meat products, such as broiler chickens. Impact evaluations of PR/HACCP on hospitalizations related to Salmonella are lacking. Hospitalization records of the U.S. elderly in 1991-2004 were obtained from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services. Harmonic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the long-term trends of Salmonella-related hospitalizations in pre- and post-HACCP periods. Seasonal characteristics of the outcome in the nine Census divisions of the contiguous U.S. were also derived and contrasted. Predicted rates decreased in most divisions after 1997, except South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central. These three divisions also demonstrated higher overall hospitalization rates, pronounced seasonal patterns, and consistent times to peak at about 32nd to 34th week of the year. The impact of HACCP was geographically different. South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central divisions should be targeted in further Salmonella preventive programs. Further research is needed to identify the best program type and timing of implementation.
Ferrari, P
1992-01-01
During 1990 and 1991 the Veterinary and Public Health Services of USL 35 of Ravenna carried out a research programme aimed at the control of food-borne diseases in the sector of public catering services, in collaboration with the Public Health Laboratory (Presidio Multizonale di Prevenzione). The objectives were: obtaining sure information about health hazards in public catering services; checking structural characteristics and equipment of workrooms in restaurants, hotels and refectories; verifying food preparation and preservation methods; promoting health education to increase employees' awareness of hygiene-related problems. The first objective, evaluation of the level of the control of the workrooms exerted on the food contamination hazard by pathogenic or potentially pathogenic organisms, was carried out by allotting specific scores to several characteristics of laboratories or workers' habits, as suggested by the "Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point" (HACCP) method for butcher's shops and fish markets. Five hundred ninety-eight public catering service units have been inspected in restaurants, hotels, school-refectories, factories, hospitals and social houses; 2,097 bacteriological examinations by agar-contact plates and swabs were carried out; 118 preserved-food temperatures were measured, especially in deep-frozen and cooked food; 70 food specimens were tested to search for Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus and measure Total Aerobic Mesophilic Weight. The presence of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli was also tested.
21 CFR 123.11 - Sanitation control procedures.
2010-04-01
... records are subject to the requirements of § 123.9. (d) Relationship to HACCP plan. Sanitation controls may be included in the HACCP plan, required by § 123.6(b). However, to the extent that they are monitored in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section they need not be included in the HACCP plan, and...
Research on the Food Safety System of the Army Based on HACCP%基于HACCP的部队食品安全体系研究
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
赵小明
2011-01-01
According to the Principle of HACCP, the essay analyzes performability and the problems of HACCP management in the CAPF. Then it puts forward the plan and suggestions of the HACCP, in order to build up the Food Safety Guarantee System of the CAPF that is based on HACCP.%依据HACCP原理,分析了武警部队实行HACCP管理的可行性以及需要解决的问题,进而提出武警部队HACCP管理的方案和要求,构建武警部队基于HACCP的食品安全保障体系。
Cenci-Goga, B T; Ortenzi, R; Bartocci, E; Codega de Oliveira, A; Clementi, F; Vizzani, A
2005-01-01
A study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality, including total mesophilic counts and markers of bacteriological hygiene, as indicator of food safety of three categories of the most consumed meals in a university restaurant, before and after implementation of the HACCP system and personnel training. Cold gastronomy products, cooked warm-served products, and cooked cold-served products were tested for bacterial contamination. Throughout the experiment, 894 samples were examined for total counts of aerobic bacteria, counts of indicator organisms (coliform organisms and Escherichia coli) and pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes). Implementation of the HACCP system, together with training in personnel hygiene, good manufacturing practices, and cleaning and sanitation procedures, resulted in lower aerobic plate counts and a lower incidence of S. aureus, coliform organisms, E. coli, and B. cereus, whereas Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not found in all samples studied. The microbial results of this study demonstrate that personnel training together with HACCP application contributed to improve the food safety of meals served in the restaurant studied.
T. Civera; D. Nucera; A. Bellio; M. Botosso; M. Mora; R. Goi; B. Griglio
2012-01-01
The research was aimed at collecting information on food safety knowledge by operators of small and less developed food businesses. This will allow to reveal what are the real drawbacks in HACCP application in these realities. Fifty meat producing plants located in Piedmont region were involved. In all the plants a questionnaire with questions on HACCP system was submitted. The analysis of the collected answers, evidenced that 42% of the operators needed to perform structural modifications in...
Fielding, L M; Ellis, L; Beveridge, C; Peters, A C
2005-04-01
To reduce foodborne illnesses, hazard and risk-based quality management systems are essential. Small and medium sized companies (SMEs) tend to have a poor understanding of such systems and limited adoption of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system (HACCP). The requirement for full HACCP implementation by 2006 will place an even greater burden on these businesses. The aim of this project is to assess the current levels of understanding of hazards and risks in SMEs in the manufacturing sector. A questionnaire survey was made of 850 SMEs, including microbusinesses. This determined the industry sector and processes carried out, whether the company operated hazard-based quality management and the knowledge of the technical manager regarding the associated hazards and risks. Follow-up visits to the manufacturing plant observed the processes and the operatives to determine their level of understanding. A benchmarking audit was carried out and each company was rated. The results show that the majority of respondents stated that they operated hazard analysis-based quality management. The ability of the respondents to correctly define a hazard or risk or identify different types of hazard was, however, poor. There was no correlation between business type and audit score. The microbusinesses did, however, perform significantly less well than the larger SMEs.
HACCP and SACCP protocols for ready-to-eat meals pasteurised with ionising radiation
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Haruvy, Y [Soreq Nuclear Research Centre, Israel Atomic Energy Commission, (Israel)
2002-07-01
The rationale is the necessity to identify, ab-initio, critical potential failure modes: Hazardous, Sensory, as well as Economic, and assign Critical Control Points to detect and/or eliminate them in due time and course. Preliminary SACCP could be orchestrated along the existing HACCP lines with relatively minor modifications. Care should be taken to avoid overlooking of high-risk failure modes, as well as to avoid overdoing the analysis to yield numerous CCPs with small marginal value. A combined H-S-E ACCP protocol should allow for a facile analytical tool of the objective projects. Primary fields of failure modes seem to be non-uniformity of ingredients, processing and testing.
Application of HACCP in Production of Chilled Meat%HACCP体系在冷却肉生产中的应用
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
刘娟
2012-01-01
介绍了HACCP体系及其在肉制品中的应用现状,并阐述了HACCP质量管理体系在冷却肉生产加工过程中的应用.%This paper introduced the HACCP system and its application status in meat product, and then expounded the application of HACCP quality management system in the processing of chilled pork.
PENERAPAN HACCP BUBUR BAYI BERAS MERAH TERHADAP PENERIMAAN DAN LAMA WAKTU SIMPAN
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Riska Listyanti
2017-04-01
Full Text Available Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan terlaksananya penerapan HACCP untuk bubur beras me-rah yang ditujukan untuk bayi usia 6-10 bulan, dan secara khusus menetapkan perbedaan lama waktu simpan bubur tersebut antara penerapan HACCP (variasi 1 dengan penerapan HACCP tanpa pengendalian CCP persiapan bahan (variasi 2; sanitasi alat (variasi 3; penjamah (variasi 4; cara pengolahan (variasi 5; penyimpanan (variasi 6 dan penyajian (variasi 7, serta mene-tapkan perbedaan penerimaan bubur beras merah variasi 1 dan bubur organik sebagai kontrol positif. Hal ini dilatar-belakangi karena dalam proses pembuatan bubur beras merah oleh ibu bayi, pada pemilihan bahan, sanitasi alat, penjamah dan cara pengolahan tidak memenuhi sya-rat. Begitu juga pada proses pengolahan bubur organik, pada sanitasi alat, penjamah, penyim-panan dan penyajian juga tidak memenuhi syarat. Metoda pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dengan bahan penelitian bubur hasil olahan sendiri. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa: bayi homogenisasi yang menerima bubur beras merah olahan sendiri adalah sebesar 73,25 %, dan yang menerima bubur organik pabrikan sebesar 46,5 %; penerimaan bubur beras merah dengan bubur organik berbeda secara bermakna (nilai p: 0,022. Selain itu diketahui pula bahwa lama waktu simpan bubur beras merah variasi 1 lebih dari 12 jam; variasi 2, 12 jam ( p: 1,00; variasi 3, 12 jam (p: 0,831; variasi 4, 11 jam (p: 0,862; variasi 5, 11 jam (p: 0,478; variasi 6, 8 jam (p: 0,155; dan variasi 7, 11 jam (p: 0,473. Dengan demiki-an dapat disimpulkan bahwa lama waktu simpan bubur beras merah variasi 2, 3, 4, 5 dan 6 tidak berbeda dengan variasi 1.
QUALITY HACCP APPLIED TO FLIGHT CATERING INDUSTRY
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
David Souza Vaz
2016-07-01
Full Text Available The quality industry try to standardize the production procedures, actions and controls work in a uniform manner so as not to cause errors in operation and customer dissatisfaction, bringing the final product according to the requested specifications. With the duty to commitment with the consumer, many companies try to answer the questions of the quality applying techniques so that their processes are so tiny they are done in the most correct and accurate as possible. Since 2008 noted a growing importance as the HACCP due the major problems occurred in the handling of food, such as food poisoning, foreign objects and sanitary quality, which are the largest and most serious problems resulting from the production process, thus generating a new culture and the care of the food. Considering the importance of the issue of the impending population growth that carry air travel as well as international agreements between countries and continents, it has being demonstrated the effectiveness of the system demonstrating in practice how they work their analysis of points of danger and an investigation into the operational process within the context of the food industry.
Implementação e verificação de sistemas HACCP em clientes da empresa Genialmed
Pastor, Rute Andreia Lopes
2014-01-01
Resumo A empresa Genialmed, Lda., com sede em Buarcos, concelho da Figueira da Foz, apresenta variados serviços, nomeadamente nas áreas da segurança e saúde no trabalho, implementação e manutenção de Sistemas HACCP, e formação, proporcionando apoio às empresas no cumprimento das suas obrigações legais. O estágio na empresa teve como principais objetivos o acompanhamento da implementação e manutenção de Sistemas HACCP, de acordo com as necessidades dos clientes da empresa, bem como a colab...
Using Dice Games to Teach Hazards, Risk, and Outcomes in HACCP Classes
Oyarzabal, Omar A.
2015-01-01
This article describes the incorporation of a dice game (piggy) to teach food safety hazards and risk in an engaging way in HACCP classes. Each player accumulates points by rolling two dice, but loses points in a turn when rolling a 7, or all accumulated points when rolling two consecutive doubles. This game helps explain the difference between a…
Tomasevic, Igor; Kuzmanović, Jelena; Anđelković, Aleksandra; Saračević, Miroslava; Stojanović, Marija M; Djekic, Ilija
2016-04-01
A total of 48,246 microbiological test results were collected from 130 meat processing plants and 220 meat retail facilities over a seven year period: 41 months before and 43 months after HACCP implementation. Our results confirm a strong positive effect of mandatory HACCP implementation on process hygiene indicators in meat establishments. Significant reductions were observed in the number of hygiene indicator organisms on all types of surfaces examined and types of meat establishments investigated. The improvement of process hygiene was articulated as aerobic colony count reduction of at least 1.0 log10 CFU/cm(2) for food contact surfaces and over 2 log10 CFU/cm(2) for cooling facilities (refrigerators, freezers and other meat cooling devices). Meat handlers' hands hygiene was least positively affected. The period after mandatory HACCP implementation was also marked by a steady decline of positive Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus samples. Process hygiene advances for meat processing plants and meat retail facilities were similar. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2011-04-28
... analysis and critical control point (HACCP) methods. DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments on... conducting a hazard analysis and implementing a HACCP plan. Although this guidance document is immediately in... appropriate HACCP plans for those hazards that are reasonably likely to occur. A summary of the changes from...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-07-01
Several so-called care systems are in use at institutes and companies. For efficiency reasons it makes sense to integrate an energy care system to the existing care system. For the so-called Reference Energy Care, developed by the Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (Novem) links to three of the most important care systems have been elaborated: environmental care according to ISO 14001, the quality care system ISO 9001:2000 and the food safety system Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). The elaboration resulted in three tables, indicating the connections ('linking lists') between each of those care systems and the Reference Energy Care system and how energy care can be integrated into those systems. [Dutch] Bij instellingen en bedrijven zijn diverse zorgsystemen in gebruik. Het is zinvol om energiezorg - waar mogelijk - in een dergelijk bestaand systeem op te nemen. Meerdere zorgsystemen naast elkaar in stand houden is minder efficient dan de systemen integreren tot een systeem. Novem heeft daarom voor haar Referentie Energiezorg de link laten uitwerken naar drie van de meest voorkomende systemen: milieuzorg volgens ISO 14001, het kwaliteitszorgsysteem ISO 9001:2000 en het voedselveiligheidssysteem HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points). Hieruit zijn drie tabellen voortgekomen, die aangeven welke verbanden er zijn tussen elk van deze zorgsystemen en de Referentie Energiezorg en hoe u energiezorg kunt integreren in elk van deze systemen. Deze tabellen worden aangeduid als 'linking lists' en u kunt ze gebruiken als hulpmiddel bij het integreren van energiezorg in uw eigen zorgsysteem. U vindt ze in deze brochure.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2001-07-01
Several so-called care systems are in use at institutes and companies. For efficiency reasons it makes sense to integrate an energy care system to the existing care system. For the so-called Reference Energy Care, developed by the Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (Novem) links to three of the most important care systems have been elaborated: environmental care according to ISO 14001, the quality care system ISO 9001:2000 and the food safety system Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). The elaboration resulted in three tables, indicating the connections ('linking lists') between each of those care systems and the Reference Energy Care system and how energy care can be integrated into those systems. [Dutch] Bij instellingen en bedrijven zijn diverse zorgsystemen in gebruik. Het is zinvol om energiezorg - waar mogelijk - in een dergelijk bestaand systeem op te nemen. Meerdere zorgsystemen naast elkaar in stand houden is minder efficient dan de systemen integreren tot een systeem. Novem heeft daarom voor haar Referentie Energiezorg de link laten uitwerken naar drie van de meest voorkomende systemen: milieuzorg volgens ISO 14001, het kwaliteitszorgsysteem ISO 9001:2000 en het voedselveiligheidssysteem HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points). Hieruit zijn drie tabellen voortgekomen, die aangeven welke verbanden er zijn tussen elk van deze zorgsystemen en de Referentie Energiezorg en hoe u energiezorg kunt integreren in elk van deze systemen. Deze tabellen worden aangeduid als 'linking lists' en u kunt ze gebruiken als hulpmiddel bij het integreren van energiezorg in uw eigen zorgsysteem. U vindt ze in deze brochure.
Bell, N J; Bell, M J; Knowles, T G; Whay, H R; Main, D J; Webster, A J F
2009-05-01
This paper describes the development and testing of a lameness control programme (LCP) for heifers on dairy farms. The LCP, which is based on the analysis of hazards and critical control points (HACCP), was tested via a randomised intervention study on 60 farms. Tangible hazards for each farm were identified, allotted to 11 categories of proximate hazard and scored on each farm to quantify the risks presented by each hazard. Feet were inspected for signs of claw horn disease and infection, such as digital dermatitis. Intervention was generally ineffective, primarily through failure to implement the LCP. However, retrospective analysis was able to demonstrate highly significant associations between risks attached to proximate hazards and probabilities of lameness and foot lesions, allowing the severity of these hazards to be ranked. The most significant proximate hazards of environmental origin were prolonged standing on concrete, standing in wet slurry and factors that cause claw trauma. The most severe proximate hazards however were those associated with failures of management, especially poor claw condition and inadequate foot care. Overall farm risks (OFR) were estimated by summing the products of the generic severity for proximate hazards with on-farm risks. Changes in OFR were significantly related to changes in outcome (lameness and lesions).
Paukatong, K V; Kunawasen, S
2001-01-01
Nham is a traditional Thai fermented pork sausage. The major ingredients of Nham are ground pork meat and shredded pork rind. Nham has been reported to be contaminated with Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore, it is a potential cause of foodborne diseases for consumers. A Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) generic model has been developed for the Nham process. Nham processing plants were observed and a generic flow diagram of Nham processes was constructed. Hazard analysis was then conducted. Other than microbial hazards, the pathogens previously found in Nham, sodium nitrite and metal were identified as chemical and physical hazards in this product, respectively. Four steps in the Nham process have been identified as critical control points. These steps are the weighing of the nitrite compound, stuffing, fermentation, and labeling. The chemical hazard of nitrite must be controlled during the weighing step. The critical limit of nitrite levels in the Nham mixture has been set at 100-200 ppm. This level is high enough to control Clostridium botulinum but does not cause chemical hazards to the consumer. The physical hazard from metal clips could be prevented by visual inspection of every Nham product during stuffing. The microbiological hazard in Nham could be reduced in the fermentation process. The critical limit of the pH of Nham was set at lower than 4.6. Since this product is not cooked during processing, finally, educating the consumer, by providing information on the label such as "safe if cooked before consumption", could be an alternative way to prevent the microbiological hazards of this product.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kelly L Edmunds
Full Text Available Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI strain H5N1 has had direct and indirect economic impacts arising from direct mortality and control programmes in over 50 countries reporting poultry outbreaks. HPAI H5N1 is now reported as the most widespread and expensive zoonotic disease recorded and continues to pose a global health threat. The aim of this research was to assess the potential of utilising Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP assessments in providing a framework for a rapid response to emerging infectious disease outbreaks. This novel approach applies a scientific process, widely used in food production systems, to assess risks related to a specific emerging health threat within a known zoonotic disease hotspot. We conducted a HACCP assessment for HPAI viruses within Vietnam's domestic poultry trade and relate our findings to the existing literature. Our HACCP assessment identified poultry flock isolation, transportation, slaughter, preparation and consumption as critical control points for Vietnam's domestic poultry trade. Introduction of the preventative measures highlighted through this HACCP evaluation would reduce the risks posed by HPAI viruses and pressure on the national economy. We conclude that this HACCP assessment provides compelling evidence for the future potential that HACCP analyses could play in initiating a rapid response to emerging infectious diseases.
Diet Activity Characteristic of Large-scale Sports Events Based on HACCP Management Model
Xiao-Feng Su; Li Guo; Li-Hua Gao; Chang-Zhuan Shao
2015-01-01
The study proposed major sports events dietary management based on "HACCP" management model. According to the characteristic of major sports events catering activities. Major sports events are not just showcase level of competitive sports activities which have become comprehensive special events including social, political, economic, cultural and other factors, complex. Sporting events conferred reach more diverse goals and objectives of economic, political, cultural, technological and other ...
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
卢爱民; 曹德康; 初晨; 张伟; 李增德
2012-01-01
Objective To study the application of hazard analysis and critical control ( HACCP) practice to food safety management during significant missions by the Armed Police Forces. Methods According to the field practices of significant activities and the basic principles of HACCP, all the risk factors throughout the food preparation process were analyzed to define critical control points (CCP)at which these risk factors can be controlled. Results Hazard analysis confirmed that recipes, raw material purchase, food processing, food distribution, food detection, tableware cleaning and disinfection, and personnel health were 7 critical points for food preparation. Conclusion The application of HACCP to food processing during important activities not only reduces the risk for food safety, improves the management level but helps gain experience on food safety.%目的 确保部队在执行重大任务时的饮食安全,预防食物中毒的发生.方法 利用危害分析与关键控制点系统(hazard analysis and critical control points,HACCP)管理原理,结合任务实际情况,通过对食品采购到餐桌全过程进行危害分析,对关键点针对性地提出控制措施.结果 确立了7个关键控制点,即食谱制订,原料采购、加工,食品配送、留验,餐具容器消毒和从业人员卫生,同时制订出HACCP计划.结论 HACCP管理原理的应用,不仅降低了部队食品安全风险,提高了管理水平,也为部队执行重大任务时的饮食保障积累了经验.
Arvanitoyannis, Ioannis S; Palaiokostas, Christos; Panagiotaki, Panagiota
2009-02-01
ISO 22000 is the new standard bound to replace HACCP on issues related to food safety. Although several companies, especially the big ones, have either implemented or are on the point of implementing ISO 22000, there are many others which are rather timid and/or reluctant to implement it. The main reason behind that is the lack of information and the fear that the new standard is too demanding in terms of bureaucratic work. This paper aims at making a comparative presentation of how the two systems can be applied to a small smoked salmon producing company thereby facilitating the emergence of the differences. The main difference is that in ISO 22000 systems like Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Hygiene Practice are prerequisites thus leading to lower number of CCPs. In this case study for example, the number of CCPs dropped from eight (8) in HACCP to four (4) in ISO 22000. Furthermore, the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis was applied to the smoked trout manufacturing process in an attempt to calculate quantitatively the Risk Priority Number (RPN) and to find out whether it can be effectively correlated to ISO 22000 and/or HACCP. RPN was found to be higher than 130 for eight steps, in close agreement with HACCP, thereby indicating that corrective actions will have to be undertaken.
Westrell, T; Schönning, C; Stenström, T A; Ashbolt, N J
2004-01-01
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) was applied for identifying and controlling exposure to pathogenic microorganisms encountered during normal sludge and wastewater handling at a 12,500 m3/d treatment plant utilising tertiary wastewater treatment and mesophilic sludge digestion. The hazardous scenarios considered were human exposure during treatment, handling, soil application and crop consumption, and exposure via water at the wetland-area and recreational swimming. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), including rotavirus, adenovirus, haemorrhagic E. coli, Salmonella, Giardia and Cryptosporidium, was performed in order to prioritise pathogen hazards for control purposes. Human exposures were treated as individual risks but also related to the endemic situation in the general population. The highest individual health risk from a single exposure was via aerosols for workers at the belt press for sludge dewatering (virus infection risk = 1). The largest impact on the community would arise if children ingested sludge at the unprotected storage site, although in the worst-case situation the largest number of infections would arise through vegetables fertilised with sludge and eaten raw (not allowed in Sweden). Acceptable risk for various hazardous scenarios, treatment and/or reuse strategies could be tested in the model.
[Evaluation of prerequisites programs for a HACCP plan for frozen sardine plant].
Rosas, Patricia; Reyes, Genara
2008-06-01
Good manufacturing practices (GMP) and sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP) are prerequisites programs for the application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system as a food safety approach during processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate GMP/SSOP prerequisites in processing line of frozen whole sardine (Sardinella aurita). The GMP compliance was verified according to a standard procedure of the Ministry for the Health of Venezuela, and the SSOP were assessed according to a checklist proposed by the FDA. GMP and SSOP were evaluated following a demerit-based approach. A percentage value was calculated and referred to as sanitary effectiveness. Results indicated that the plant had a good level of compliance with GMP from assessment of buildings and facilities, equipment and tools, hygienic requisites of the production, assurance of the hygiene quality, storage and transportation, and the percentage of sanitary effectiveness was 84%. The level of compliance for SSOP was 53,12% with demerits found in all assessed aspects consisting of inexistent guidelines, lack of control in the sanitary plan and lack of leadership in applying corrective actions. Thus, an improvement in the plant sanitation program was designed targeting SSOP.
Zeytinyağı Üretiminde HACCP Uygulamasının Önemi ve Kazandıracakları
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Gülgün Yıldız Tiryaki
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Uluslararası ticaretin gelişmesi, tüketicinin bilinçlenmesi, gıda ürünleri satın almada çeşitlilik ve farklılık taleplerinin yani sıra saflık ve çevre kaygısının artması, üreticilerin ve karar alıcıların konuya daha hassas ve bilinçli yaklaşmalarını sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, küreselleşen dünyada, HACCP uluslararası platformda kabul görmüş, bilimsel temele dayalı önleyici bir sistem olarak gıda güvenirliliğinde yerini almıştır. Bu itibarla, uluslararası mevzuatlara uyum sağlamak ve Türkiye'nin pazar payının arttırılması yönünden HACCP sistemi, işletmeler açısından giderek önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile, ülke ekonomisi açısından büyük önemi olan zeytinyağı üretiminde HACCP uygulamasının önemi ve kazandırdıkları ele alınacaktır.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nelson Gutiérrez
2011-06-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un diagnóstico de la gestión de la higiene basado en el cumplimiento de los prerrequisitos de un sistema HACCP, en 53 empresas del sector agroalimentario que operan en el departamento del Huila en Colombia. La metodología de evaluación correspondió a la verificación del cumplimiento de las listas de chequeo de dos instrumentos: GHYCAL (Gestión de la Higiene y Calidad y S&Q (Safety and Quality on Food. Los resultados permitieron encontrar niveles de gestión de la higiene en una escala porcentual y clasificar 34 empresas en nivel de cumplimiento bajo, que incluye niveles entre el 0 % y el 75 %; 12 empresas en nivel de cumplimiento básico, al obtener valoraciones entre el 75 % y el 95 %, y 7 empresas con nivel de cumplimiento superior, por resultar con evaluaciones superiores al 95 %; adicionalmente se valoraron similitudes y diferencias entre empresas y entre sectores estudiados, haciendo uso de técnicas de estadística multivariada.Neste artigo apresenta-se um diagnóstico da gestão da higiene baseado no cumprimento dos prerrequisitos do sistema HACCP, em 53 empresas do setor agroalimentar que operam no departamento do Huila, na Colombia. A metodologia de avaliação correspondeu a verificação do cumprimento das listas de verificação de dois instrumentos: GHYCAL (Gestáo da Higiene e Qualidade e S&Q (Safety and Quality on Food. Os resultados permitiram achar níveis da gestáo da higiene em uma escala percentual e classificar 34 empresas no nível baixo de cumprimento, que inclui níveis entre 0 % e 75 %; 12 empresas com nível de cumprimento básico, com valoragoes entre 75 % e 95 %, e 7 empresas com nível de cumprimento superior, com avaliagoes acima do 95 %; adicionalmente, foram valorizadas as semelhangas e as diferengas entre as empresas e os setores estudados, utilizando técnicas da estatística multivariada.This paper presents an analysis of the hygiene management based on the compliance with
Osimani, Andrea; Aquilanti, Lucia; Clementi, Francesca
2015-01-01
The increasing awareness that foods can represent vehicles for health risk factors has caused scientists and public authorities to multiply their efforts to reduce these risks to within acceptable limits. Nevertheless, some challenging issues still remain unsolved and new ones have recently emerged, such as the increase in outbreaks of foodborne diseases originating from the consumption of meals at catering facilities. The study described in this article was aimed at evaluating the microbiological quality of mixed fresh-cut salads at an Italian university canteen operating in conformity with the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system. The effectiveness of the preventive and corrective measures taken was also assessed with respect to the frequency of unsatisfactory salad samples. During the investigation, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes were never detected. By contrast, a high number of samples exceeded the mandatory or suggested limits for food processing hygiene (in terms of mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and sulfite-reducing clostridia counts). Despite the introduction of a series of preventive and corrective actions, the results were only partially satisfactory; this was most likely due to the impossibility of having available an adequate level of human resources that are indispensable to correctly putting the HACCP procedures into daily practice.
HACCP-Based Programs for Preventing Disease and Injury from Premise Plumbing: A Building Consensus
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William F. McCoy
2015-07-01
Full Text Available Thousands of preventable injuries and deaths are annually caused by microbial, chemical and physical hazards from building water systems. Water is processed in buildings before use; this can degrade the quality of the water. Processing steps undertaken on-site in buildings often include conditioning, filtering, storing, heating, cooling, pressure regulation and distribution through fixtures that restrict flow and temperature. Therefore, prevention of disease and injury requires process management. A process management framework for buildings is the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP adaptation of failure mode effects analysis (FMEA. It has been proven effective for building water system management. Validation is proof that hazards have been controlled under operating conditions and may include many kinds of evidence including cultures of building water samples to detect and enumerate potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, results from culture tests are often inappropriately used because the accuracy and precision are not sufficient to support specifications for control limit or action triggers. A reliable negative screen is based on genus-level Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR for Legionella in building water systems; however, building water samples with positive results from this test require further analysis by culture methods.
HACCP-Based Programs for Preventing Disease and Injury from Premise Plumbing: A Building Consensus
McCoy, William F.; Rosenblatt, Aaron A.
2015-01-01
Thousands of preventable injuries and deaths are annually caused by microbial, chemical and physical hazards from building water systems. Water is processed in buildings before use; this can degrade the quality of the water. Processing steps undertaken on-site in buildings often include conditioning, filtering, storing, heating, cooling, pressure regulation and distribution through fixtures that restrict flow and temperature. Therefore, prevention of disease and injury requires process management. A process management framework for buildings is the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) adaptation of failure mode effects analysis (FMEA). It has been proven effective for building water system management. Validation is proof that hazards have been controlled under operating conditions and may include many kinds of evidence including cultures of building water samples to detect and enumerate potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, results from culture tests are often inappropriately used because the accuracy and precision are not sufficient to support specifications for control limit or action triggers. A reliable negative screen is based on genus-level Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Legionella in building water systems; however, building water samples with positive results from this test require further analysis by culture methods. PMID:26184325
Quality and safety control in the production of recreational-purpose cottage cheese
Мостова, Людмила Миколаївна; Клусович, Тетяна Валеріївна
2015-01-01
The paper deals with the relevant problem of implementing safety control systems according to HACCP principles for Ukrainian catering establishments in the integration of trade space. Taking into account high competition and consumer audience gaining priority, the work emphasizes the need to develop and implement safety control system according to HACCP principles as a precondition for leadership of catering establishments in the national market, and get significant competitive advantages in...
Application of HACCP in Unit of Group Meal%HACCP体系在集体用餐单位中的应用
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
刘蔚; 姚卫蓉
2011-01-01
HACCP was used in the daily food safety management of unit of group meal. First of all, potential hazards each processing procedure may cause were analyzed and 4 critical control points influencing food safty were identified including purchasing raw material, checking before acceptance, cooking process, workers, and tableware cleaning and disinfection. Related intervention measures were formulated and the HACCP plan was established to ensure that the food processing achieve safe levels, and ultimately to prevent the role of food safety problems.%将HACCP体系应用于集体用餐单位的食品安全日常管理中,首先对每个环节可能造成的潜在危害进行了分析,确定了影响食品安全的4个关键控制点,包括原料采购及验收、烹调加工、从业人员和餐具的清洗消毒.据此,分别确定了不同关键点的控制措施,并制订出HACCP计划表,确保集体用餐单位的食品加工过程达到安全水平,最终达到预防食品安全问题发生的作用.
Osimani, Andrea; Aquilanti, Lucia; Babini, Valentina; Tavoletti, Stefano; Clementi, Francesca
2011-04-01
An investigation aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of meals consumed at a university canteen after implementation of the HACCP system and personnel training was carried out. Cooked and warm-served products (74 samples), cooked and cold-served products (92 samples) and cold gastronomy products (63 samples) sampled from 2000 to 2007 underwent microbiological analyses. All the samples were tested for: Samonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, total mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and sulphite-reducing clostridia. The microbiological contamination of work surfaces (tables, tablewares, cutters, ladles, slicing machines, wash-basins, etc.), hands and white coats of members of the canteen staff was also assessed. The microbiological results clearly demonstrated the success of the HACCP plan implementation, through a general improvement of the hygiene conditions of both meals and work surfaces. © 2011 Taylor & Francis
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Yu-Ting Hung
2015-09-01
Full Text Available To ensure the safety of the peanut butter ice cream manufacture, a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP plan has been designed and applied to the production process. Potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards in each manufacturing procedure were identified. Critical control points for the peanut butter ice cream were then determined as the pasteurization and freezing process. The establishment of a monitoring system, corrective actions, verification procedures, and documentation and record keeping were followed to complete the HACCP program. The results of this study indicate that implementing the HACCP system in food industries can effectively enhance food safety and quality while improving the production management.
Mouchtouri, Varavara; Malissiova, Eleni; Zisis, Panagiotis; Paparizou, Evina; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos
2013-01-01
The level of hygiene on ferries can have impact on travellers' health. The aim of this study was to assess the hygiene standards of ferries in Greece and to investigate whether Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) implementation contributes to the hygiene status and particularly food safety aboard passenger ships. Hygiene inspections on 17 ferries in Greece were performed using a standardized inspection form, with a 135-point scale. Thirty-four water and 17 food samples were collected and analysed. About 65% (11/17) of ferries were scored with >100 points. Ferries with HACCP received higher scores during inspection compared to those without HACCP (p value food samples, only one was found positive for Salmonella spp. Implementation of management systems including HACCP principles can help to raise the level of hygiene aboard passenger ships.
Standard hazard analysis, critical control point and hotel management
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Vujačić Vesna
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Tourism is a dynamic category which is continuously evolving in the world. Specificities that have to be respected in the execution in relation to the food industry are connected with the fact that the main differences which exist regarding the food serving procedure in catering, numerous complex recipes and production technologies, staff fluctuation, old equipment. For an effective and permanent implementation, the HACCP concept is very important for building a serious base. In this case, the base is represented by the people handling the food. This paper presents international ISO standards, the concept of HACCP and the importance of its application in the tourism and hospitality industry. The concept of HACCP is a food safety management system through the analysis and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards in the entire process, from raw material production, procurement, handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product. The aim of this paper is to present the importance of the application of HACCP concept in tourism and hotel management as a recognizable international standard.
Hung, Yu-Ting; Liu, Chi-Te; Peng, I-Chen; Hsu, Chin; Yu, Roch-Chui; Cheng, Kuan-Chen
2015-09-01
To ensure the safety of the peanut butter ice cream manufacture, a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan has been designed and applied to the production process. Potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards in each manufacturing procedure were identified. Critical control points for the peanut butter ice cream were then determined as the pasteurization and freezing process. The establishment of a monitoring system, corrective actions, verification procedures, and documentation and record keeping were followed to complete the HACCP program. The results of this study indicate that implementing the HACCP system in food industries can effectively enhance food safety and quality while improving the production management. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.
1997-01-01
When NASA started plarning for manned space travel in 1959, the myriad challenges of sustaining life in space included a seemingly mundane but vitally important problem: How and what do you feed an astronaut? There were two main concerns: preventing food crumbs from contaminating the spacecraft's atmosphere or floating into sensitive instruments, and ensuring complete freedom from potentially catastrophic disease-producing bacteria, viruses, and toxins. To solve these concerns, NASA enlisted the help of the Pillsbury Company. Pillsbury quickly solved the first problem by coating bite-size foods to prevent crumbling. They developed the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) concept to ensure against bacterial contamination. Hazard analysis is a systematic study of product, its ingredients, processing conditions, handling, storage, packing, distribution, and directions for consumer use to identify sensitive areas that might prove hazardous. Hazard analysis provides a basis for blueprinting the Critical Control Points (CCPs) to be monitored. CCPs are points in the chain from raw materials to the finished product where loss of control could result in unacceptable food safety risks. In early 1970, Pillsbury plants were following HACCP in production of food for Earthbound consumers. Pillsbury's subsequent training courses for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) personnel led to the incorporation of HACCP in the FDA's Low Acid Canned Foods Regulations, set down in the mid-1970s to ensure the safety of all canned food products in the U.S.
HACCP在餐饮业中的应用%Application of HACCP to restaurant industry
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
S.Seward; 李刚; 蒋纲
2001-01-01
@@ 在餐饮业中有效地使用危害分析和关键控制点系统(HACCP),需要将其与日常操作紧密结合起来.要做到这一点,需要在传统意义上用于食品制造业的HACCP系统和适于餐饮业的灵活的过程控制系统之间寻求一种平衡.
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
张东生; 冯少雄
2013-01-01
OBJECTIVE By implementing HACCP management in the unit concentratedly disinfected tableware,to standardize the self-discipline behavior of enterprise and improve the sanitary quality of disinfecting the tableware,in order to provide theoretical basis of supervision work.METHODS According to HACCP management principle,selected twenty disinfection enterprises,analysed influencing factors of sanitation quality of disinfecting tableware,implemented HACCP management tin washing and disinfection processed,inspected other processed.RESULTS Critical control points are washing,soaking,heat temperature disinfection,packaging selection,self-inspection,storage and transport; after implemention of HACCP management,qualified rates of recovery of tableware,removal of the residue,washing,soaking,machine cleaning,high temperature disinfection,packaging selection,self-inspection,storage and transport,staff management,management system in processed increased significantly (P < 0.01),qualified rate of inspection on sensory index increased significantly (P < 0.01),disinfection effect of dishes and chopsticks and qualified rate of washing agent residual increased significantly (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION The application of HACCP management principles in the unit concentratedly disinfected tableware is feasible.HACCP management measures are important means of long-term effective management mechanisms in enterprise.%目的 在餐具集中消毒单位推行HACCP管理,规范企业自律行为,提高消毒餐具卫生质量,为监督工作提供理论依据.方法 按HACCP管理原则,选取具有一定规模的消毒企业20家,分析影响消毒餐具卫生质量各种因素,确定清洗消毒工艺流程实施HACCP管理,其他流程实施专项整治检查.结果
美国FDA推进实施HACCP体系研究%FDA Promoting Implementation of HACCP System
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
江艳; 夏厚俊; 胡振虎
2013-01-01
文章阐释了美国FDA在食品安全监管领域推进实施HACCP体系的原理和特征,检验HACCP体系有效性的评估标准,指出了HACCP体系发展面临的挑战,需要更多的社会力量参与食品安全管理研究,进一步完善HACCP体系.
ALGUNAS CARTAS DE CONTROL BIVARIADAS PARA ATRIBUTOS
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CAROLINA OSPINA HINCAPIE
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Muchos procesos industriales son de naturaleza multivariada dado que la calidad de un producto depende de más de una variable. El control multivariado de procesos captura la relación en las variables asociadas al proceso, si se ignora esta correlación y se utilizan gráficos de control univariados para cada variable por separado se puede concluir erróneamente acerca del estado del proceso. En variables continuas correlacionadas se han realizado muchas investigaciones, sin embargo se encuentran pocos trabajos que traten sobre atributos correlacionados. En este trabajo se comparan tres cartas de control para variables aleatorias binomiales bivariadas, correlacionadas entre sí, las cuales miden atributos. Las cartas son: La carta de Hotelling basada en la aproximación de la distribución binomial multivariada a la distribución normal multivariada. La carta MNP la cual es una extensión de las cartas univariadas, y la carta que es una metodología no paramétrica basada en el índice de profundidad de Mahalanobis. La comparación se hace vía simulación utilizando como medida de comparación, la longitud promedio de racha (ARL. Dentro del trabajo se presenta un ejemplo aplicado de las metodologías para construir cartas de control para variables binomiales bivariadas en una empresa de telecomunicaciones. De los resultados se aprecia, en términos generales, que la carta MNP es la mejor tanto en control como fuera de control.
77 FR 24671 - Compliance Guide for Residue Prevention and Agency Testing Policy for Residues
2012-04-25
... Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) inspection system, another important component of the NRP is to provide verification of residue control in HACCP systems. As part of the HACCP regulation... guide, and FSIS finds violative residues, the establishment's HACCP system may be inadequate under 9 CFR...
Interfaces para control cerebral
Spinelli, Enrique Mario
2000-01-01
La función de una interfaz para control cerebral basada en señales de electroencefalograma (EEG), en forma general denominada BCI (Brain control Interface), es establecer un enlace directo entre el cerebro y una máquina, sin utilizar acciones motoras directas. Una BCI permite realizar operaciones simples a partir de la interpretación de las señales de EEG. Su desarrollo está principalmente orientado hacia la ayuda a personas con discapacidades motoras severas, que poseen deterioros en el sist...
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D. Miraglia
2012-08-01
Full Text Available This paper reports the results obtained during the analyses performed to evaluate the correct implementation of an HACCP plan in the school catering services of Perugia operating with the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche (IZSUM. The microbiological analyses concern the years 2008-2010 for a total of 4050 determination relative to 79 facilities. The analytical results show the risks are kept at an acceptable level in all the canteens sampled. In the time period considered no foodborne diseases were reported.
Alternativas de control para un Péndulo de Furuta
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Javier Gonzalo González Fontanet
2016-10-01
Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de tres alternativas de control utilizadas para el control global de un péndulo de Furuta: Control de la Energía + Realimentación de Variables de Estado, Control Fuzzy + Realimentación de Variables de Estado y Control Fuzzy + Control Predictivo, evidenciándose las prestaciones de cada una de ellas. Los resultados de simulación se obtienen mediante el Matlab y las ventajas del control Fuzzy para el balanceo del péndulo y del control predictivo para la posición invertida son evidentes, brindando así una alternativa de control global que mejora notablemente la respuesta del sistema. Abstract: In this paper is presented a design of three control strategies for the global control of the Furuta's pendulum: Energy Control plus State - Feedback, Fuzzy Logic Control plus State - Feedback and Fuzzy Logic Control plus MPC. Simulations using Matlab show the advantages of the Fuzzy Logic Control for the pendulum's swinging and the MPC Control for the inverted position. Palabras clave: Control Fuzzy, Control Predictivo, Modelado, Control de la Energía, Sistema Controlado, Keywords: Fuzzy Control, Predictive Control, Modelling, Energy Control, Controlled System
Hazard analysis and critical control point to irradiated food in Brazil
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Boaratti, Maria de Fatima Guerra
2004-01-01
Food borne diseases, in particular gastro-intestinal infections, represent a very large group of pathologies with a strong negative impact on the health of the population because of their widespread nature. Little consideration is given to such conditions due to the fact that their symptoms are often moderate and self-limiting. This has led to a general underestimation of their importance, and consequently to incorrect practices during the preparation and preservation of food, resulting in the frequent occurrence of outbreaks involving groups of varying numbers of consumers. Despite substantial efforts in the avoidance of contamination, an upward trend in the number of outbreaks of food borne illnesses caused by non-spore forming pathogenic bacteria are reported in many countries. Good hygienic practices can reduce the level of contamination but the most important pathogens cannot presently be eliminated from most farms, nor is it possible to eliminate them by primary processing, particularly from those foods which are sold raw. Several decontamination methods exist but the most versatile treatment among them is the ionizing radiation procedure. HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product. For successful implementation of a HACCP plan, management must be strongly committed to the HACCP concept. A firm commitment to HACCP by top management provides company employees with a sense of the importance of producing safe food. At the same time, it has to be always emphasized that, like other intervention strategies, irradiation must be applied as part of a total sanitation program. The benefits of irradiation should never be considered as an excuse for poor quality or for poor handling and storage conditions
The application of HACCP system in restaurants%HACCP系统在餐饮业的应用
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
许超凡
2003-01-01
探讨危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)系统在餐饮业中的应用.对餐饮业食品加工过程中可能存在的潜在危害进行分析,确定关键控制点,控制措施和控制标准,制定HACCP运行过程中的监测方法和校正措施,使食品的危险性减少到最低,从而确保食品的安全.
2010-04-01
... CONSUMPTION HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS General Provisions § 120.9 Legal basis. Failure of a processor to have and to implement a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP... implementation of its HACCP system. ...
Cirurgia para controle de danos: estado atual
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Rodrigo Camargo Leão Edelmuth
Full Text Available A cirurgia de controle de danos é um conceito amplamente aceito atualmente entre os especialistas em trauma abdominal quando se trata de doentes gravemente traumatizados. Nestes pacientes a morte decorre, na maioria das vezes, da instalação da tríade letal (hipotermia, coagulopatia e acidose e não da incapacidade de reparar as graves lesões presentes. Nesta revisão, os autores abordam a tríade letal, em suas três fases, e enfatizam as medidas adotadas para preveni-las. Além de discutirem a indicação e o emprego da cirurgia para o controle de danos em seus vários estágios. A restauração dos padrões fisiológicos do doente na UTI, para que o mesmo possa ser submetido à operação definitiva e ao fechamento da cavidade abdominal, outro desafio no paciente traumatizado grave, também é discutida.
21 CFR 120.11 - Verification and validation.
2010-04-01
... FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS General Provisions... Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is being implemented according to design. (1... processor to determine whether such complaints relate to the performance of the HACCP plan or reveal...
Nùcleo de Control para Sistemas Empotrados de Control: Una propuesta de Arquitectura
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Adel FerÅandez Prieto
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se define la arquitectura de un núcleo de control (NC que permite ejecutar aplicaciones de control empotradas, asà como los principales problemas que soportan su desarrollo. Se propone la estructura de los datos y los servicios que debe proveer este núcleo para aplicar varias estrategias de control que pueden ser utilizadas para garantizar seguridad, fiabilidad y economÃa en sus operaciones. En el trabajo se presentan dos ejemplos que ilustran el uso del nuÄleo de control. Palabras clave: Sistemas Empotrados de Control, Sistemas de Tiempo Real, Núcleo de control, Escasez de recursos
Critical Control Points in the Processing of Cassava Tuber for Ighu ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Determination of the critical control points in the processing of cassava tuber into Ighu was carried out. The critical control points were determined according to the Codex guidelines for the application of the HACCP system by conducting hazard analysis. Hazard analysis involved proper examination of each processing step ...
Integrated Control Sytems of Mycotoxin Contamination
Name Romsyah
2006-01-01
Contamination of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp . and Penicillium s pp . i n agricultural products has been a concern regarding their effect to health and economic impact. Integrated control system should be based on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach involving Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) . Prevention should be carried out through pre harvest, harvest, post harvest, as well as control quality at all s...
2013-08-06
... (21 CFR part 123) mandate the application of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles to the processing of seafood. HACCP is a preventive system of hazard control designed to help... collect and record information. The HACCP records compiled and maintained by a seafood processor primarily...
2013-11-20
... application of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles to the processing of seafood. HACCP is a preventive system of hazard control designed to help ensure the safety of foods. The... information. The HACCP records compiled and maintained by a seafood processor primarily consist of the...
2010-06-18
... the application of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles to the processing of seafood. HACCP is a preventive system of hazard control designed to help ensure the safety of foods. The... HACCP records compiled and maintained by a seafood processor primarily consist of the periodic...
2010-04-09
... point (HACCP) principles to the processing of seafood. HACCP is a preventive system of hazard control... of seafood collect and record information. The HACCP records compiled and maintained by a seafood... processing and packaging operations, as called for in a processor's HACCP plan (e.g., the values for...
Uma biblioteca de pontos de controle para imagens MSS Landsat
Fernando Augusto Mitsuo Ii
1985-01-01
O objetivo deste trabalho e desenvolver um sistema para criacao, manutencao e gerenciamento de uma biblioteca de pontos de controle para imagens MSS Landsat. Um ponto de controle e uma caracteristica fisicamente detectavel numa cena, cuja localizacao geodesica e precisamente conhecida. O uso destes pontos e de fundamental importancia num sistema de correcao geometrica de imagens de satelite. A biblioteca permitira que pontos de controle pertencentes a uma dada cena sejam recuperados de uma ma...
Remote control of a cooling system; Regelen en controleren op afstand
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bassa, E [ed.
1996-10-01
The renovation of a supermarket building in Nieuw-Lekkerland, Netherlands, included the replacement of the existing refrigerating facility. One of the arguments to choose a new unit was the introduction of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) quality control system. The new unit is equipped with a remote control system, using the most up-to-date instruments
2010-04-01
... CONSUMPTION HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS General Provisions § 120.12 Records. (a... Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system: (1) Records documenting the implementation of the... § 120.7; (3) The written HACCP plan required by § 120.8; (4) Records documenting the ongoing application...
2010-04-01
... CONSUMPTION HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS General Provisions § 120.13 Training... measures, as required by § 120.7. (2) Developing a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan...) Verifying and modifying the HACCP plan in accordance with the corrective action procedures specified in...
A cleanroom contamination control system
Whyte, W.; Eaton, T.
2002-01-01
Analytical methods for hazard and risk analysis are being considered for controlling contamination\\ud in pharmaceutical cleanrooms. The most suitable method appears to be the HACCP system that has\\ud been developed for the food industry, but this requires some reinterpretation for use in\\ud pharmaceutical manufacturing. This paper suggests a possible system.\\ud To control contamination effectively, it is necessary to have a good appreciation of the routes and\\ud sources of contamination, and ...
Software para Controle de Temperatura em Estufas
Silva, Antonio Carlos Alves; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Kanazawa, Edna Mie; Universidade Federal de Lavras; de Carvalho, Karina Dutra; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Kinoshita, Vanessa Godoy; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Uchoa, Joaquim Quinteiro; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Lacerda, Wilian Soares; Universidade Federal de Lavras; Schneider, Bruno de Oliveira; Universidade Federal de Lavras
2004-01-01
Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto desenvolvido para controle de temperatura em estufas, denominado CTE, utilizando uma Interface de Aquisição e Controle de Dados. Todo o controle é feito via software, onde pode-se optar por dois tipos de controle: o controle automático, onde é possível definir-se a temperatura mínima e máxima; ou o controle manual, onde o usuário poderá optar por acionar periféricos de aquecimento, resfriamento e desligamento da estufa. Foi desenvolvida também uma interf...
2010-04-01
... processor shall verify that the HACCP plan is adequate to control food safety hazards that are reasonably... minimum: (1) Reassessment of the HACCP plan. A reassessment of the adequacy of the HACCP plan whenever any changes occur that could affect the hazard analysis or alter the HACCP plan in any way or at least...
Bailón Neira, Rodolfo César
2013-01-01
El propósito del estudio fue determinar la influencia de la aplicación del sistema HACCP en la elaboración de la conserva de olluco por estudiantes del noveno ciclo de. Ingeniería de Alimentos de la Universidad Nacional del Callao. El diseño de investigación fue cuasiexperimental con un grupo de control. En esta investigación participaron 30 estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Alimentos como grupo experimental, y 30 estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Indust...
[Quality control in herbal supplements].
Oelker, Luisa
2005-01-01
Quality and safety of food and herbal supplements are the result of a whole of different elements as good manufacturing practice and process control. The process control must be active and able to individuate and correct all possible hazards. The main and most utilized instrument is the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system the correct application of which can guarantee the safety of the product. Herbal supplements need, in addition to standard quality control, a set of checks to assure the harmlessness and safety of the plants used.
Modelo para la implementación de controles internos para empresas constructoras.
Choez Chiquito, Wilton Antonio
2015-01-01
La presente investigación se refiere al tema Metodología para la implementación de nuevos métodos de Control para las empresas de construcción en el Ecuador. Donde las características principales de este sector ha sido su rápido crecimiento en las últimas dos décadas, con un alto número de trabajadores de obras con bajo o ningún nivel de educación, falta de compromiso por parte de los empleados de obra por el alto nivel de rotación que puede existir debido a que las construcciones son por per...
Integrated Control Sytems of Mycotoxin Contamination
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Name\tRomsyah
2006-03-01
Full Text Available Contamination of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp . and Penicillium s pp . i n agricultural products has been a concern regarding their effect to health and economic impact. Integrated control system should be based on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP approach involving Good Agricultural Practices (GAP and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP . Prevention should be carried out through pre harvest, harvest, post harvest, as well as control quality at all stages of production. Pre harvest control is conducted through the selection of resistant varieties, insect control and weeds management mechanically or applying fungicides and herbicides, plant rotation, irrigation and soil management, as well as biological control . Harvesting at the right time using clean equipments from fungal contamination and insect infestation avoids the contamination of mycotoxins . Post harvest control by physical selection, washing and dilution, drying, storage, application of chemicals and binding agents, natural products, nutrients and vitamins, microbiological control, heating and radiation could also minimize mycotoxin in food and feed . Although chemicals can effectively reduce mycotoxin, the use of those on food/feed should be considered the safety . The addition of natural products, nutrition supplements and vitamins suppress the negative effect of mycotoxin on animals . The use of non-toxigenic fungi and other microbes as biological control is the effective and safe methods for food/feed . The implementation of integrated mycotoxin control system by utilizing the HACCP concept would meet the qualified and safe food/feed products .
USO DE LABVIEW PARA SISTEMAS DE CONTROL EN INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
MARÍA PAULA GÓMEZ QUINTERO
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Se implementó un sistema de control para una planta multipropósito el cual consta de control de nivel, control de temperatura y control de presión. Se desarrolló una interfaz en LabView 9.1 para una mejor visualización de la operación y se comprobó la correcta interacción de la interfaz con la planta, consiguiendo llegar a los valores del set-point con un margen de error de hasta un 5%. Además, se realizó una simulación en Simulink de MATLAB para el lazo de control de temperatura encontrando una alta concordancia entre los datos experimentales y la simulación.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Pacheco Ramirez, Jesus Horacio; Anaya Perez, Maria Elena; Benitez Baltazar, Victor Hugo [Universidad de onora, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico)]. E-mail: jpacheco@industrial.uson.mx; meanaya@industrial.uson.mx; vbenitez@industrial.uson.mx
2010-11-15
This work shows how artificial vision feedback can be applied to control systems. The control is applied to a solar panel in order to track the sun position. The algorithms to calculate the position of the sun and the image processing are developed in LabView. The responses obtained from the control show that it is possible to use vision for a control scheme in closed loop. [Spanish] El presente trabajo muestra la manera en la cual un sistema de control puede ser retroalimentado mediante vision artificial. El control es aplicado en un panel solar para realizar el seguimiento del sol a lo largo del dia. Los algoritmos para calcular la posicion del sol y para el tratamiento de la imagen fueron desarrollados en LabView. Las respuestas obtenidas del control muestran que es posible utilizar vision para un esquema de control en lazo cerrado.
Aislamiento de microorganismos para control biológico de Moniliophthora roreri
Liliana Yanet Suárez Contreras; Alba Luz Rangel Riaño
2013-01-01
Moniliophthora roreri es un hongo que causa la moniliasis, una enfermedad de la mazorca en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao), con pérdidas hasta del 60% de la cosecha. El control biológico utilizando microorganismos endófitos surge como una alternativa para el manejo de esta enfermedad. En la presente investigación se evaluaron microorganismos con potencial para control biológico de M. roreri en Norte de Santander, Colombia. Para el efecto, se aisló e identificó este fitopatógeno y se uti...
Critical control points for the management of microbial growth in HVAC systems
Gommers, S; Franchimon, F.; Bronswijk, van J.E.M.H.; Strøm-Tejsen, P; Olesen, BW; Wargocki, P; Zukowska, D; Toftum, J
2008-01-01
Office buildings with HVAC systems consistently report Sick Building Symptoms that are derived from microbial growth. We used the HACCP methodology to find the main critical control points (CCPs) for microbial management of HVAC systems in temperate climates. Desk research revealed relative humidity
Control Óptimo para Trayectorias Circulares en un Robot Móvil
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
J.E. Moisés Gutierrez Arias
2011-07-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Se plantea el problema de encontrar un control óptimo lineal para la estabilizacíon de trayectorias circulares en un robot móvil tipo (2,0, utilizando la solución estándar al problema de control óptimo para un sistema lineal, la cual puede demostrarse mediante la técnica de programación dinámica aplicada a la ecuación de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman. Se obtienen las ecuaciones dinámicas no lineales del robot móvil y posteriormente para una trayectoria deseada se obtiene las ecuaciones lineales. Se sintetiza el control óptimo a partir de éste sistema lineal, solucionando una ecuación diferencial matricial de Riccati para obtener la solución de estabilizaci ón; en la literatura se trata a ésta ecuación diferencial como una ecuación algebráica para un tiempo infinito y exclusivamente para sistemas lineales invariantes en el tiempo. El sistema lineal resultante para una trayectoria circular es un sistema lineal variante en el tiempo, ésto ocasiona inconvenientes para obtener la solucíon de estabilizacíon en términos constantes; la solucíon fue crear un sistema politópico convexo en base al sistema lineal variante en el tiempo y transformar la ecuación algebráica de Riccati en una LMI. Así se obtuvo una solucíon de estabilización que satisface a todos los sistemas lineales invariantes en el tiempo que conforman al sistema politópico. Además se presenta una modificacíon en la estructura del control óptimo que permite que la eleccíon a prueba y error de las matrices de peso sea innecesaria y hace que los valores característicos del sistema sean colocados en una zona específica en el semiplano izquierdo del plano complejo. Palabras clave: Robot móvil, linealización, métodos de estabilización, control óptimo lineal, ecuación matricial de Riccati, sistema variante en el tiempo
Control productivo basado en microcontroladores para la industria
Cabedo Serola, Carles; Esteban Pardo, Javier
2006-01-01
Se trata de diseñar un proyecto mediante microcontroladores para simular una aplicación industrial real. Las empresas incorporan a la planta de producción TCP (terminales de control de producción). Estos aparatos son conectados a la máquina y manipulados por el operario para introducir los tiempos de inactividad mediante unos códigos de incidencias. Los terminales se comunican a un ordenador central que recoge todas las incidencias que se han producido, de esta forma al finalizar ...
2012-11-15
... management system based on HACCP principles. Food safety management systems allow establishment operators to... and/or validate the practices used in a food safety management system based on HACCP principles... Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles to reduce the risk of foodborne illness in the operation of...
2010-04-01
... CONSUMPTION HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS General Provisions § 120.3 Definitions... and technical information to determine whether the HACCP plan, when properly implemented, will... monitoring, that establish the validity of the HACCP plan and that the system is operating according to the...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
I. Fernández
2011-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Este artÃculo presenta la metodologÃa utilizada para abordar los problemas de modelado y control de una caldera industrial propuesta en el benchmark de ingenierÃa de control de 2009â2010. La estrategia de control resultante se basa en una combinación de varios algoritmos de control predictivo generalizado monovariables con compensación por desacoplo para la interacciones entre variables y uso externo de compensadores por adelanto para el rechazo de perturbaciones medibles. Además, se presenta el diseño de diversos filtros, internos e externos al algoritmo de control predictivo, para aumentar la robustez del algoritmo de control y mejorar la atenuación del ruido en las señales. Palabras Clave: Control por desacoplo, Control por Adelanto, Control Predictivo Generalizado, Benchmark, Caldera Industrial
Sanitation of chicken eggs by ionizing radiation: HACCP and inactivation studies
Verde, S. Cabo; Tenreiro, R.; Botelho, M. L.
2004-09-01
The aim of this study is to develop the application of irradiation technology to chicken eggs in order to get a product free of pathogenic microorganisms. Bioburden values of eggs from chickens of different ages ( n=150) were found to not be significantly different ( pmicrobial groups were characterized in the egg's natural microbiota, no Salmonella or Campylobacter were detected. HACCP studies indicated the feed as a critical point. Dosimetry studies were carried out in a γ facility to find the best geometry and dose rate for irradiation. Whole eggs were artificially contaminated with reference strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni and irradiated in the γ facility at sub-lethal doses (0.2-1 kGy) with a dose rate of 1.0 kGy/h. Dvalue varied between 0.31-0.26 kGy and 0.20-0.19 kGy in S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, and between 0.21-0.18 kGy and 0.07-0.09 in C. coli and C. jejuni, for shell and yolk+white. Using sub-lethal doses up to 5 kGy, the Dvalue of natural microbiota in whole eggs was 1.29 kGy. Results show that low irradiation doses could guarantee egg sanitation.
Digital control for turbogas units; Control digital para unidades turbogas
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Garcia Beltran, Carlos Daniel
1997-02-01
implementation and testing of several schemes of diffuse control: P, PD, PI and diffuse PID, of which the last one was selected for having a better answer. The results obtained in the simulations of the algebraic PI and of the diffuse PID, established that the second one improved the follow up indexes and reduced the starting period and the fuel consumption. [Espanol] La presente tesis trata sobre la rehabilitacion del sistema de control para las turbinas de gas W501 de la Central de Ciclo Combinado de Gomez Palacio, de Durango, Mexico. La primera parte del desarrollo trata sobre un proceso de reingenieria de software aplicado al sistema de control digital de las turbinas de gas de la central de ciclo combinado de Comez Palacio. Este proceso fue desarrollado utilizando conceptos de varias ramas de la ingenieria: a) involucro los conocimientos de la ingenieria de software, utilizando metodos formales para el analisis del sistema original y el rediseno del nuevo sistema: b) se utilizo la ingenieria de control en el analisis de diversas estrategias de control y automatizacion utilizados para el control de turbinas de gas, con el objetivo de verificar el tipo de instrucciones y rutinas presentes dentro del software. El producto final de esta etapa es un sistema programatico modularizado, basado en diseno estructurado, que es funcionalmente un espejo del sistema original. El sistema obtenido esta conformado por cinco modulos principales los cuales se basan en un modelo propuesto originalmente para control por lotes (batch) :i) Interfaz Hombre Maquina, ii) Control Regulatorio, iii) Protecciones, iv) Secuencias logicas y v) Supervision. La segunda etapa de desarrollo fue la mejora del control de velocidad de la turbina. Cuando se controla una unidad turbogas, debe tomarse en cuenta varias etapas de operacion tales como el arranque, el control en estado estable y el apagado. El comportamiento real de la turbina durante el arranque, y principalmente el gran numero de retrocesos
SISTEMA DE CONTROL DE GESTIÓN PARA LA INTEGRACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maritza Hernández Torres
2008-05-01
Full Text Available En la actualidad, la insuficiente integración de la planeación estratégica, con los procesos para su implantación y control, limita a la organización en el logro de los objetivos estratégicos. En este trabajo se diseña un modelo de control de gestión, para la integración de estos procesos a través de la integración de la gestión del riesgo, la gestión por competencias y la gestión por procesos a la gestión estratégica, que son exigencias actuales a la empresa cubana para elevar el nivel de eficiencia y eficacia. Palabras claves Control de gestión
Workable methods for risks control in the food chain production.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lucilla Iacumin
2008-04-01
Full Text Available Several food pathologies due to new or already known micro-organisms occur all over the world every year. Food concerned are more and more frequently traditional typical, ethnical products coming from fast or slow food systems. Most of food-borne pathologies develop through neurological, gastrointestinal (watery, bloody or persistent diarrhoea abdominal pain, sickness and vomiting. The causes of these epidemics, apart from the concerned pathogen, are linked to the contaminated first matter or to contaminations occurred during food processing and consequently due to the lack of employment of the most fundamental sanitary measures and to non-control of the critical points of the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point systems. The pre-requirements to promote food health consist of the implementation of good agriculture husbandry and production practices, the use of HACCP systems, the training of the workers employed in the different productive rows and in the adoption of identification and traceability systems. The EU implemented the so-called hygiene pack, that is a list of rules imposing food control in each processing, marketing and consumption phase, from husbandry or cropping to consumer’s table, to promote health in food (circulating all over Europe.
2013-01-31
.... For example, applying the concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) that was pioneered by industry in the late 1960s, FDA established HACCP-based regulations for seafood (21 CFR part... Service instituted HACCP-based rules for meat and poultry (9 CFR part 417) (61 FR 38806, July 25, 1996...
Cirurgia para controle de danos: estado atual Damage control surgery: an update
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rodrigo Camargo Leão Edelmuth
2013-04-01
Full Text Available A cirurgia de controle de danos é um conceito amplamente aceito atualmente entre os especialistas em trauma abdominal quando se trata de doentes gravemente traumatizados. Nestes pacientes a morte decorre, na maioria das vezes, da instalação da tríade letal (hipotermia, coagulopatia e acidose e não da incapacidade de reparar as graves lesões presentes. Nesta revisão, os autores abordam a tríade letal, em suas três fases, e enfatizam as medidas adotadas para preveni-las. Além de discutirem a indicação e o emprego da cirurgia para o controle de danos em seus vários estágios. A restauração dos padrões fisiológicos do doente na UTI, para que o mesmo possa ser submetido à operação definitiva e ao fechamento da cavidade abdominal, outro desafio no paciente traumatizado grave, também é discutida.The damage control surgery is a widely accepted concept today among abdominal trauma specialists when it comes to the severely traumatized. In these patients, the death is due, in most cases, to the installation of the lethal triad (hypothermia, coagulopathy and acidosis and not the inability to repair the serious initial damage. In this review, the authors address the lethal triad in its three phases and emphasize the measures taken to prevent them, as well as discussing the indication and employment of damage control surgery in its various stages. Restoring the physiological status of the patient in the ICU, so that he/she can be submitted to final operation and closure of the abdominal cavity, another challenge in severe trauma patients, is also discussed.
Common problems in HACCP examination and analysis concerned%HACCP审核中常见问题及分析
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
朱建军; 蔡纯
2007-01-01
列举了作者在HACCP审核中所遇到问题的实例,对照国家认监委《食品生产企业危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)管理体系认证管理规定》和CAC《HACCP体系及其应用准则》逐一进行剖析,指出了HACCP原理在实际应用中存在的普遍问题--没有从企业的实际情况出发,科学系统地应用HACCP原理进行分析,制定出科学有效的HACCP计划.
Sanitation of chicken eggs by ionizing radiation: HACCP and inactivation studies
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Verde, S.C.; Tenreiro, R.; Botelho, M.L.
2004-01-01
The aim of this study is to develop the application of irradiation technology to chicken eggs in order to get a product free of pathogenic microorganisms. Bioburden values of eggs from chickens of different ages (n=150) were found to not be significantly different (p 5 cfu/egg was obtained for the shell. Two major microbial groups were characterized in the egg's natural microbiota, no Salmonella or Campylobacter were detected. HACCP studies indicated the feed as a critical point. Dosimetry studies were carried out in a γ facility to find the best geometry and dose rate for irradiation. Whole eggs were artificially contaminated with reference strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni and irradiated in the γ facility at sub-lethal doses (0.2-1 kGy) with a dose rate of 1.0 kGy/h. D value varied between 0.31-0.26 kGy and 0.20-0.19 kGy in S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, and between 0.21-0.18 kGy and 0.07-0.09 in C. coli and C. jejuni, for shell and yolk+white. Using sub-lethal doses up to 5 kGy, the D value of natural microbiota in whole eggs was 1.29 kGy. Results show that low irradiation doses could guarantee egg sanitation
Tomašević, I.; Đekić, I.
2017-09-01
There is a significant lack of HACCP-educated and/or HACCP-highly trained personnel within the Serbian animal source food workforces and veterinary inspectors, and this can present problems, particularly in hazard identification and assessment activities. However, despite obvious difficulties, HACCP benefits to the Serbian dairy industry are widespread and significant. Improving prerequisite programmes on the farms, mainly through infrastructural investments in milk collectors and transportation vehicles on one hand, and increasing hygiene awareness of farmers through training on the other hand has improved the safety of milk. The decline in bacterial numbers on meat contact surfaces, meat handlers’ hands and cooling facilities presents strong evidence of improved process hygiene and justifies the adoption of HACCP in Serbian meat establishments. Apart from the absence of national food poisoning statistics or national foodborne disease databases, the main obstacle to fully recognising the impact of HACCP on the safety of animal source food in Serbia is the lack of research regarding the occurrence of chemical and/or physical hazards interrelated with its production.
Factors Associated with the Adoption of Food Safety Controls by the Mexican Meat Industry
Maldonado-Simán, Ema; Martínez-Hernández, Pedro Arturo; García-Muñiz, José G.; Cadena-Meneses, José
Food marketing at international and domestic markets has focused on processing systems that improve food safety. The objective of this research is to determine the factors influencing the implementation of the HACCP system in the Mexican meat industry, and to identify the main marketing destination of their products. Only 18.5% of enterprises reports fully operational HACCP in their plants. The main destination of their production in the domestic market is supermarkets, suppliers and distributors and specific niches of the domestic market. Exports are to USA, Japan, Korea and Central America and some niches of the domestic market with requirements of higher quality. The four principal factors that motivate enterprises to adopt HACCP are associated with improvement of plant efficiency and profitability, adoption of good practices, improvement of product quality and waste reduction. It is concluded that Mexican enterprises adopt HACCP to successfully remain and face competition by foreign enterprises in the domestic market and to a lesser extent to compete in the international market.
CRITICAL CONTROL POINT IDENTIFICATION THROUGH TROPHOLOGICAL MEAT PRODUCTION CHAINFROM FIELD TO FORK
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. V. Borodin
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Competitive production management is impossible without comprehensive hazard monitoring and critical parameters control at every stage of food production from raw material and auxiliary materials delivery to ready product realization, which is difficult without modern IT-support. The HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points approach to product safety differs from ready product testing for compliance with NaTD requirements (Normative and Technical Documentation and emphasizes the importance of the process approach to monitoring at every stage of food production. Critical control points (CCP identification is a stage, where the presence of a risk of manufacturing products that are unsafe for human health is recognized and it is possible to take action to its elimination, prevention or reduction to an acceptable level. The use of soſtware package significantly increases the enterprise HACCP system efficiency. The article describes methodological bases for IT-approach to the CCP identification in the trophological meat production chain from field to fork. The algorithmic support and soſtware for the «Decision tree», which allows detecting existing hazards, identifying risks, determining CCPs and describing them, has been developed.
Control Multivariable Centralizado con Desacoplo para Aerogeneradores de Velocidad Variable
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Miguel E. González
2010-10-01
Full Text Available Resumen: El diseño de sistemas de control para aerogeneradores de velocidad variable representa un reto importante ya que se trata de procesos multivariables no lineales, con fuertes perturbaciones, diversas restricciones y gran interacción entre sus variables. Bajo este escenario se debe generar eficientemente la potencia eléctrica y al mismo tiempo regular la velocidad de giro de la turbina. En este trabajo se proponen varios esquemas de control multivariable, con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento de los aerogeneradores atenuando los efectos de la interacción entre sus variables. La solución propuesta se basa en controladores PID con diseños del tipo descentralizado, centralizado con diversas redes de desacoplo y un esquema con cuatro PI. El comportamiento del aerogenerador se describe mediante un modelo matemático no lineal, que se linealiza para obtener una matriz de funciones de transferencia, a partir de la cual se diseñan los controladores. Finalmente se realiza un análisis comparativo para determinar qué controlador presenta mejores resultados, aplicando perturbaciones con un modelo de la velocidad del viento y cambios aleatorios de la carga eléctrica. Palabras Clave: Aerogenerador, Control Multivariable, Modelado e Interacción
Application of HACCP System in Restaurant Industry%浅析HACCP系统在餐饮业的应用
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
熊敏
2003-01-01
食品的安全性正受到世界范围的广泛关注,危害分析关键控制点系统(HACCP)是近年来逐步应用于食品生产过程中的食品安全控制系统.在各类由于食品污染引起的食源性疾病中,60%发生于餐饮企业.若在餐饮业中实施HACCP系统,将有助于帮助人们获得安全的食品.本文根据中餐烹调工艺的特点,简要分析餐饮业如何实施HACCP系统.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Antonio Flores Caballero
2016-07-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Con el objetivo de alcanzar resultados satisfactorios en la enseñanza y puesta en práctica de cursos semestrales de ingeniería de control, en los que la presencia de alumnos de distintas disciplinas es más que notoria, se torna necesario recurrir a altos niveles de abstracción en la programación de los sistemas de control. Este alto nivel de abstracción procede del uso de un sistema de prototipado rápido para control de carácter avanzado, que permite recurrir a funcionalidades que no habían sido previstas en ningún entorno de prototipado rápido para control disponible con anterioridad. El carácter avanzado del sistema brinda soluciones desde el más alto nivel de abstracción, el denominado diseño basado en modelos, para las intricadas relaciones necesarias entre la ingeniería de control y la informática en tiempo real, permitiendo que los alumnos puedan centrar su esfuerzo en el desarrollo del algoritmo de control, la identificación de sistemas y el modelado de plantas físicas en lugar de preocuparse por las tediosas tareas de gestión y configuración a bajo nivel de la arquitectura hardware que están empleando. Gracias a este alto nivel de abstracción, que cubre el espectro abarcado por funcionalidades de muy bajo nivel y funcionalidades de muy alto nivel, el manejo del sistema propuesto se encuentra al alcance de audiencias multidisciplinares. El sistema avanzado de prototipado rápido para control se está empleando para cursos semestrales así como en multitud de Tesis de Máster y Doctorales. Abstract: In order to achieve successful results in the control courses for a multidisciplinary audience, a high abstraction layer at programming is required. This abstraction is provided by a custom developed rapid control prototyping system that enables the usage of model based design techniques to control real plants. Model based design is focused on the research and development of the control algorithm, system
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David L. Meeker
2009-07-01
Full Text Available One third to one half of each animal produced for meat, milk, eggs, and fiber is not consumed by humans. These raw materials are subjected to rendering processes resulting in many useful products. Meat and bone meal, meat meal, poultry meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, blood meal, fish meal, and animal fats are the primary products resulting from the rendering process. The most important and valuable use for these animal by-products is as feed ingredients for livestock, poultry, aquaculture, and companion animals. There are volumes of scientific references validating the nutritional qualities of these products, and there are no scientific reasons for altering the practice of feeding rendered products to animals. Government agencies regulate the processing of food and feed, and the rendering industry is scrutinized often. In addition, industry programs include good manufacturing practices, HACCP, Codes of Practice, and third-party certification. The rendering industry clearly understands its role in the safe and nutritious production of animal feed ingredients and has done it very effectively for over 100 years. The availability of rendered products for animal feeds in the future depends on regulation and the market. Regulatory agencies will determine whether certain raw materials can be used for animal feed. The National Renderers Association (NRA supports the use of science as the basis for regulation while aesthetics, product specifications, and quality differences should be left to the market place. Without the rendering industry, the accumulation of unprocessed animal by-products would impede the meat industries and pose a serious potential hazard to animal and human health.De um terço a metade da produção animal para carne, leite, ovos e fibra, não são consumidos pelos seres humanos. Estes materiais não consumidos são sujeitos a processamento em graxarias e indústrias de alimentos de origem animal, resultando em uma série de produtos
Diseño de un sistema de control interno administrativo financiero para los departamentos.....
Paz Novoa, Lorena María
2012-01-01
RESUMEN Resumen Ejecutivo de la Tesis previa a la obtención del título de: INGENIERA COMERCIAL CON MENCIÓN EN CONTABILIDAD Y AUDITORÍA Para que sea esto posible se realizó una propuesta de Control Interno que cuenta con un grupo de políticas de control para los departamentos analizados, procedimientos y actividades que la compañía tendrá a su disposición para realizar una posterior implementación El trabajo consta de cinco capítulos, en lo que se encuentran contenidos todos ...
Sanitation of chicken eggs by ionizing radiation: HACCP and inactivation studies
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Verde, S C; Tenreiro, R; Botelho, M L
2004-10-01
The aim of this study is to develop the application of irradiation technology to chicken eggs in order to get a product free of pathogenic microorganisms. Bioburden values of eggs from chickens of different ages (n=150) were found to not be significantly different (p<0.05) and an average value of (2.0{+-}0.3). 10{sup 5} cfu/egg was obtained for the shell. Two major microbial groups were characterized in the egg's natural microbiota, no Salmonella or Campylobacter were detected. HACCP studies indicated the feed as a critical point. Dosimetry studies were carried out in a {gamma} facility to find the best geometry and dose rate for irradiation. Whole eggs were artificially contaminated with reference strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni and irradiated in the {gamma} facility at sub-lethal doses (0.2-1 kGy) with a dose rate of 1.0 kGy/h. D{sub value} varied between 0.31-0.26 kGy and 0.20-0.19 kGy in S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, and between 0.21-0.18 kGy and 0.07-0.09 in C. coli and C. jejuni, for shell and yolk+white. Using sub-lethal doses up to 5 kGy, the D{sub value} of natural microbiota in whole eggs was 1.29 kGy. Results show that low irradiation doses could guarantee egg sanitation.
Sanitation of chicken eggs by ionizing radiation: HACCP and inactivation studies
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Verde, S.C. E-mail: sandracv@itn.mces.pt; Tenreiro, R.; Botelho, M.L
2004-10-01
The aim of this study is to develop the application of irradiation technology to chicken eggs in order to get a product free of pathogenic microorganisms. Bioburden values of eggs from chickens of different ages (n=150) were found to not be significantly different (p<0.05) and an average value of (2.0{+-}0.3). 10{sup 5} cfu/egg was obtained for the shell. Two major microbial groups were characterized in the egg's natural microbiota, no Salmonella or Campylobacter were detected. HACCP studies indicated the feed as a critical point. Dosimetry studies were carried out in a {gamma} facility to find the best geometry and dose rate for irradiation. Whole eggs were artificially contaminated with reference strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni and irradiated in the {gamma} facility at sub-lethal doses (0.2-1 kGy) with a dose rate of 1.0 kGy/h. D{sub value} varied between 0.31-0.26 kGy and 0.20-0.19 kGy in S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, and between 0.21-0.18 kGy and 0.07-0.09 in C. coli and C. jejuni, for shell and yolk+white. Using sub-lethal doses up to 5 kGy, the D{sub value} of natural microbiota in whole eggs was 1.29 kGy. Results show that low irradiation doses could guarantee egg sanitation.
SISTEMA DE CONTROL INTELIGENTE PARA UN GRUPO DE ELEVADORES
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Andrés Enrique Rosso Mateus
2008-01-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se trata el problema del tráfico vertical en edificios de gran altura y se describe el análisis, diseño y evaluación de un sistema de control para un grupo elevadores que busca mejorar el desempeño respecto a un sistema de control tradicional. El controlador propuesto busca asignar de una forma inteligente las llamadas que se generan a los ascensores que hacen parte del grupo, el desempeño del sistema se traduce en una reducción de los tiempos de servicio y de la energía que invierte el sistema. El controlador propuesto está basado en lógica difusa y las reglas de inferencia expresan el conocimiento de un experto orientado hacia la obtención de los objetivos mencionados. El controlador inteligente se evalúa en un simulador gráfico desarrollado para este fin, este simulador permite ingresar parámetros de configuración para que se adapte y represente una edificación real. Se corrieron dos simulaciones, una usando un controlador convencional y otra usando el controlador inteligente, esto con el fin de comparar su desempeño y cuantificar valores como tiempo de esperar de los usuarios y energía consumida por el sistema.
Kök, M Samil
2009-10-01
The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of food safety management systems (ISO 22000/HACCP) implementation in the Turkish poultry industry. A survey was conducted with 25 major poultry meat producers, which account for close to 90% of national production, and a comparison was made between the procedures of small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) and large firms (LFs). The survey revealed that there is a high level of application of ISO 22000 (72%), which is seen to aid the export market. LFs were shown to adopt more stringent schemes and make better use of governmental support services than SMEs. LFs were also more aware of, and able to deal with, risks from a greater range of contaminants.
Desarrollo de una aplicación web para control de versiones de software
Otero Gutiérrez, David
2011-01-01
En este proyecto se ha desarrollado una aplicación web que trabaja con un sistema de control de versiones. Este tipo de sistemas son empleados por los desarrolladores para facilitar el trabajo en grupo y para mantener un control de los cambios que se producen en un proyecto durante el tiempo de desarrollo del mismo. Este proyecto posibilita a los usuarios el poder interactuar con un sistema de este tipo sin la necesidad de tener que disponer del software instalado en sus ...
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Héctor Ochoa Díaz
2003-01-01
Full Text Available En Colombia se ha venido aplicando el modelo de control fiscal que definió la Constitución de 1991, en el cual los departamentos y municipios disponen de autonomía para la organización y selección de los respectivos contralores. En lugar de mejorar el sistema de control fiscal, la politiquería y el clientelismo político lo han deteriorado en su calidad, con el consiguiente aumento innecesario de gastos en su operación. Esto ha facilitado la realización de numerosos ilícitos en los gobiernos locales y ha estimulado el avance de la corrupción. En este trabajo se establece un diagnóstico de la situación y se plantea un nuevo modelo que corresponde a un sistema integral de control fiscal para la nación colombiana, cuyas funciones serían técnicas, no políticas, para lo cual se conformaría una rama especializada, técnica y autónoma del Estado colombiano, que cubriría la vigilancia fiscal en los diferentes niveles del Gobierno: central, departamental y municipal.
Plan para control de Malaria en Colombia
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Hernando Rey
1943-02-01
Full Text Available Con motivo de la colaboración de la Oficina de Relaciones Interamericanas en la solución de algunos problemas de Higiene pública en Colombia, el Secretario del Ministerio de Trabajo, Higiene y Previsión Social, doctor Alfonso Orozco, me pidió la elaboración de un breve plan para control de Paludismo en Colombia. El Plan fué presentado al Ministerio por una parte y por otra enviado al doctor Mark F. Boyd de la International Health Division de la Fundación Rockefeller.
Inocuidad en alimentos tradicionales: el queso de Poro de Balancán como un caso de estudio
Mayra Díaz Ramírez
2016-01-01
La variabilidad de los alimentos tradicionales producidos de manera artesanal es admisible, pero su inocuidad debe garantizarse. La ejecución de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM) es fundamental para la construcción de sistemas de gestión de la inocuidad como el Análisis de Riesgos y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP) e ISO-22000-Food Safety Management System. El cumplimiento de este tipo de prácticas en la producción de alimentos tradicionales en México es escas...
Sistema de pré-aviso para controle de Sigatoka-amarela no norte de Minas Gerais
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Sara de Almeida Rios
2013-04-01
Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n3p109 O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o Sistema de Pré-Aviso Biológico (SPB para o controle da Sigatoka-amarela no Norte de Minas. O ensaio foi conduzido no município de Nova Porteirinha, MG. Foram testados sete tratamentos, utilizando seis valores de soma bruta (SB (1.000; 1.300; 1.600; 1.900; 2.200 e 2.500 e o controle sistemático da doença a cada 15 dias. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em sete talhões (120 plantas/talhão com ‘Prata-Anã’ e 10 plantas de cada talhão foram avaliadas semanalmente quanto à taxa de emissão foliar e incidência da doença nas folhas dois, três e quatro. Os estádios mais avançados das lesões e a sua intensidade serviram para cálculo da soma bruta, que auxiliou na tomada de decisão para o controle químico. Foram coletados os dados de produção e análises de firmeza, pH e acidez dos frutos. Para o tratamento SB 2.500, considerando os dois anos de avaliação, houve uma redução de doze para três aplicações, ou seja, 75% menos defensivos aplicados, sem perda na produtividade. Logo, sugere-se, considerando as condições de Nova Porteirinha, a aplicação do SPB para o controle químico da Sigatoka-amarela, utilizando-se o valor de SB de 2.500 como indicador da época correta para a realização da pulverização.
Nanoinsecticidas: Nuevas perspectivas para el control de plagas
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Teodoro STADLER
2010-01-01
Full Text Available La agricultura de bajo impacto ambiental demanda nuevos pesticidas que deben ajustarse a las exigentes normativas internacionales. Parte de la búsqueda de nuevos productos bio-racionales se desarrolla por fuera del marco de la síntesis orgánica, explorando diferentes sustancias de origen natural como extractos vegetales, aceites insecticidas e insecticidas inorgánicos. Los polvos insecticidas representan el grupo más antiguo de sustancias utilizadas por el hombre para el control de plagas, cuya eficacia se basa principalmente en fenómenos físicos. Con el advenimiento de los insecticidas de síntesis, los polvos insecticidas fueron relegados por casi cinco décadas a la función de carriers de principios activos dentro de los insecticidas formulados. Con el desarrollo del caolín hidrófobo en la década de los 90 ́, los polvos inorgánicos resurgieron como insecticidas “per se”, y, recientemente, a partir del descubrimiento de los nanoinsecticidas, afloran nuevas alternativas para expandir el espectro de aplicaciones de los polvos inorgánicos. El desarrollo y registro de nuevos productos a partir de nanomateriales manufacturados se basa en el paradigma “lo mismo pero diferente”, ya que éstos difieren de las sustancias con idéntica estructura y composición química respecto de algunas propiedades como reactividad, área especifica, efectos cuánticos, carga eléctrica, etc. Estas sustancias con nuevas propiedades también se destacan como herramientas muy prometedoras para la protección de cultivos y la producción de alimentos y abren nuevas fronteras para el manejo de plagas con nanoinsecticidas. La alúmina nanoestructurada exhibe varias de las propiedades del insecticida ideal, ya que se trata de un producto natural desde el punto de vista químico, no reactivo, económico, con reducidas probabilidades de provocar resistencia en los insectos y su eficacia es mayor que la de otros polvos insecticidas como el caolín o la
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ruiz Neblina, Joaquin [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1988-12-31
In broad outlines the measuring and control techniques that are used in the electric equipment development in the short circuit laboratories, are described. In this article the utilization criteria of the traditional and modern (analogical and digital) instruments are described as well as the tendency towards the system`s integration for the automation of the measurement and control processes. Also, mention is made of the systems currently being developed at the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) to be applied at the Short Circuit Laboratories of Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) and of the IIE. [Espanol] Se describen a grandes rasgos las tecnicas de medicion y control que se emplean para el desarrollo de equipos electricos en los laboratorios de corto circuito. En este articulo se describen los criterios de utilizacion de los instrumentos tradicionales y modernos (analogicos y digitales), asi como la tendencia hacia la integracion de sistemas para la automatizacion de los procesos de medicion y control. Tambien se mencionan los sistemas que actualmente se desarrollan en el Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) para aplicarlos en los Laboratorios de Corto Circuito de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) y del Instituto.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ruiz Neblina, Joaquin [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1987-12-31
In broad outlines the measuring and control techniques that are used in the electric equipment development in the short circuit laboratories, are described. In this article the utilization criteria of the traditional and modern (analogical and digital) instruments are described as well as the tendency towards the system`s integration for the automation of the measurement and control processes. Also, mention is made of the systems currently being developed at the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) to be applied at the Short Circuit Laboratories of Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) and of the IIE. [Espanol] Se describen a grandes rasgos las tecnicas de medicion y control que se emplean para el desarrollo de equipos electricos en los laboratorios de corto circuito. En este articulo se describen los criterios de utilizacion de los instrumentos tradicionales y modernos (analogicos y digitales), asi como la tendencia hacia la integracion de sistemas para la automatizacion de los procesos de medicion y control. Tambien se mencionan los sistemas que actualmente se desarrollan en el Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) para aplicarlos en los Laboratorios de Corto Circuito de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) y del Instituto.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Martinez M, Miguel A; Sanchez P, Marino [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Gonzalez Rubio S, Jose L [Cento Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico (Cenidet), Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)
2005-07-01
Under the expectations of expansion of electric power generation in Mexico, this work exposes the development of a conventional and intelligent generalized supervisory control (CSG) for a combined cycle generation power plant. This one allows to obtain the optimal operation of the power plant through the automatic starting of the generating units and to obtain the maximum possible amount of electrical power in automatic and safe form. For the development of the CSG a control loop by temperature was implemented for the gas turbine system and a control loop by strangled pressure for the gas turbine and a control loop by strangled pressure for the steam turbine. The design of these supervisory systems was made with base in the critical limits on the involved variables of the process: blading average temperature, for the gas turbine (GT) and strangled pressure for the steam turbine (ST) [Spanish] Bajo estas expectativas de expansion de generacion de energia en Mexico, este trabajo expone el desarrollo de un control supervisorio generalizado (CSG) para una central generacion de ciclo combinado. Este permite lograr la operacion optima de la planta a traves del arranque automatico de las unidades generadoras y obtener la maxima cantidad posible de potencia electrica en forma automatica y segura. Para el desarrollo del CSG se implanto un lazo de control por temperatura para el sistema de turbina de gas y un lazo de control por presion estrangulada para la turbina de gas y un lazo de control por presion estrangulada para la turbina de vapor. El diseno de estos sistemas supervisorio se realizo con base en los limites criticos de las variables del proceso involucradas: temperatura promedio de empaletado para la turbina de gas (TG) y presion estrangulada para la turbina de vapor (TV)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Palomares Gonzalez, Daniel; Ricano Castillo, Juan Manuel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1990-12-31
In this paper are designed an analyzed the control ties of a 300MW fossil unit at different operation levels. The design and analysis were developed on an operation range of 50% to 100% load. The main control ties were studied among which are the feedwater flow, the superheating zone temperatures and the generated output. The technique used for the design is the decomposition in singular values (DSV) of the plant transference matrix. This is a recent technique that permits finding the most important interactions among output-input variables, over a significative frequencies range for the transference matrix of the plant. For this purpose utilizes the control properties of the transference matrix, such as: control effort, output-input interaction and ruggedness with respect to uncertainties. The control structures obtained were tested in a digital model of a fossil plant unit. A comparison study of both structures (original and modified) showed enhancement in the performance of the power plant with modified structure. [Espanol] En este trabajo se disenan y analizan los lazos de control de una unidad termoelectrica de 300 MW, a diferentes niveles de operacion. El diseno y analisis se desarrollo sobre un rango de operacion de 50 a 100 por ciento de carga. Se estudiaron los principales lazos de control entre los que se encuentran el flujo de agua de alimentacion, las temperaturas de la zona de sobrecalentamiento y la potencia generada. La tecnica utilizada para el diseno es la descomposicion en valores singulares (DVS) de la matriz de transferencia de la planta. Esta es una tecnica reciente que permite encontrar las interacciones mas importantes entre variables entrada-salida, sobre un rango de frecuencias significativas para la matriz de transferencia de la planta. Utiliza para ello las propiedades de control de la matriz de transferencia, como son: esfuerzo de control, interaccion entrada-salida y robustez con respecto a incertidumbres. Las estructuras de control
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Palomares Gonzalez, Daniel; Ricano Castillo, Juan Manuel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1989-12-31
In this paper are designed an analyzed the control ties of a 300MW fossil unit at different operation levels. The design and analysis were developed on an operation range of 50% to 100% load. The main control ties were studied among which are the feedwater flow, the superheating zone temperatures and the generated output. The technique used for the design is the decomposition in singular values (DSV) of the plant transference matrix. This is a recent technique that permits finding the most important interactions among output-input variables, over a significative frequencies range for the transference matrix of the plant. For this purpose utilizes the control properties of the transference matrix, such as: control effort, output-input interaction and ruggedness with respect to uncertainties. The control structures obtained were tested in a digital model of a fossil plant unit. A comparison study of both structures (original and modified) showed enhancement in the performance of the power plant with modified structure. [Espanol] En este trabajo se disenan y analizan los lazos de control de una unidad termoelectrica de 300 MW, a diferentes niveles de operacion. El diseno y analisis se desarrollo sobre un rango de operacion de 50 a 100 por ciento de carga. Se estudiaron los principales lazos de control entre los que se encuentran el flujo de agua de alimentacion, las temperaturas de la zona de sobrecalentamiento y la potencia generada. La tecnica utilizada para el diseno es la descomposicion en valores singulares (DVS) de la matriz de transferencia de la planta. Esta es una tecnica reciente que permite encontrar las interacciones mas importantes entre variables entrada-salida, sobre un rango de frecuencias significativas para la matriz de transferencia de la planta. Utiliza para ello las propiedades de control de la matriz de transferencia, como son: esfuerzo de control, interaccion entrada-salida y robustez con respecto a incertidumbres. Las estructuras de control
Ferramenta para aprendizagem de automação e controle discreto
Maia, José da Silva
2002-01-01
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. Ferramenta para Aprendizagem de Automação e Controle Discreto: Controlador Lógico Programável (PLC) na modalidade e-learning, estabelece uma proposta de transferência de ambiente de aprendizagem do modelo presencial tradicional para o modelo EAD híbrida, na modalidade e-learning assíncrona. Descreve as etapas de projetos, bem como trata dos princípios do...
Control de mouse para computador mediante potenciales eléctricos oculares
Arboleda-Clavijo, C. (Carolina); García-Cossio, E. (Eliana); Palacio-Ochoa, M. (Marcela)
2006-01-01
El uso creciente de los computadores, y toda la tecnología asociada, ha promovido la creación de dispositivos de hardware cada vez más cómodos y eficientes para el usuario. Un número significativo de personas en situación de discapacidad no puede acceder a esta tecnología. Por esa razón, se han diseñado mecanismos, distintos a los tradicionales, para atender las necesidades de dichas personas. Entre estos mecanismos se han utilizado sistemas de control basados en biopotenciales. En este artíc...
Aislamiento de microorganismos para control biológico de Moniliophthora roreri
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Liliana Yanet Suárez Contreras
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Moniliophthora roreri es un hongo que causa la moniliasis, una enfermedad de la mazorca en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao, con pérdidas hasta del 60% de la cosecha. El control biológico utilizando microorganismos endófitos surge como una alternativa para el manejo de esta enfermedad. En la presente investigación se evaluaron microorganismos con potencial para control biológico de M. roreri en Norte de Santander, Colombia. Para el efecto, se aisló e identificó este fitopatógeno y se utilizaron protocolos de desinfección de los posibles microorganismos antagonistas con siembras por diluciones seriadas, selección de los géneros microbianos con mayor potencial antagónico y evaluación de las cepas por la prueba de plato dual para evaluar el efecto biocontrolador de los hongos y la antibiosis para bacterias. Se tomaron muestras en los municipios de Cúcuta, Sardinata, El Tarra, Tibú y El Zulia, de las cuales se aislaron 17 cepas del fitopatógeno y 20 entre hongos y bacterias. De éstas se seleccionaron cuatro cepas de hongos y tres de bacterias por su capacidad antagónica contra M. roreri. Los mejores porcentajes de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR se alcanzaron con Paecilomyces sp. (HC002 vs M. roreri, con una media de 80.72%, seguido del tratamiento con Paecilomyces sp. (HZ002 vs M. roreri con 79.45%. Se demostró que el hongo Paecilomyces sp. también tiene un alto potencial antagónico in vitro frente a M. roreri. Al evaluar la antibiosis de las bacterias aisladas, se encontró que Bacillus brevis (BZ005 fue la más efectiva en todos los sitios del estudio, con porcentajes superiores a 89%.
Nanoinsecticidas: Nuevas perspectivas para el control de plagas
Teodoro STADLER; Micaela BUTELER; David K. WEAVER
2010-01-01
La agricultura de bajo impacto ambiental demanda nuevos pesticidas que deben ajustarse a las exigentes normativas internacionales. Parte de la búsqueda de nuevos productos bio-racionales se desarrolla por fuera del marco de la síntesis orgánica, explorando diferentes sustancias de origen natural como extractos vegetales, aceites insecticidas e insecticidas inorgánicos. Los polvos insecticidas representan el grupo más antiguo de sustancias utilizadas por el hombre para el control de plagas, cu...
Robot Saltador y Procedimiento para su Control
Akinfiev, Teodor; Armada, Manuel; Fernández, Roemi; Montes, Héctor
2005-01-01
Robot saltador para el movimiento en terrenos con obstáculos, que contiene al menos un resorte (4) con uno de sus extremos unido al cuerpo (1) del robot, y una cadena cinemática entre el motor (5) y el resorte (4) que comprende un cilindro (7) conectado con el eje del motor (5) y una cuerda (8), con uno de sus extremos conectado al cilindro (7) y con el segundo extremo conectado al pie (3). El procedimiento de control se caracteriza porque en el momento en el que el pie (3) pierde el contacto...
Chang Faiconí, David; Lozano Solís, Alan
2013-01-01
El proyecto surge de la idea de desarrollar e implementar un sistema de control e inventario utilizando la comunicación inalámbrica (radiofrecuencia) por medio de la tecnología RFID para ser aplicado en la biblioteca en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Guayaquil y así facilitar y mejorar la gestión bibliotecaria, además evitar las pérdidas de estos materiales tan importantes y fuentes de consulta para los alumnos. Se desarrolló un sistema de gestión para préstamos, control de ...
Estrategias genómicas y moleculares para el control de la babesiosis bovina
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Juan Joel Mosqueda Gualito
2012-01-01
Full Text Available El control de la babesiosis bovina en muchas partes del mundo está restringido al tratamiento quimioterapéutico y al control de la población de garrapatas con agentes acaricidas. No hay programas de control basados en estudios de inmunidad de hato, control integral de la garrapata y las enfermedades que transmite, ni vacunas contra la babesiosis disponibles comercialmente. Para poder desarrollar estas herramientas es necesario utilizar tecnologías que incluyan conocimientos de genómica, proteómica y bioinformática, apoyadas en la investigación de genes con potencial diagnóstico o vacunal. El estudio de la función de los genes, y de la conservación o variabilidad son indispensables para determinar su utilidad. Es necesario, primero identificar los genes con potencial a incluirse en el desarrollo de estas herramientas, y después, evaluar su variabilidad o conservación en distintas poblaciones de parásitos. En segundo término, es necesario seleccionar regiones específicas de estos genes, que cumplan la función deseada, ya sean regiones conservadas o diferentes entre cepas. Finalmente, es necesario utilizar el método adecuado de evaluación de estos candidatos para el desarrollo de métodos de control adecuados. A pesar de que hay ciertos avances en el estudio de genes de B. bovis, hay prácticamente nula información respecto a B. bigemina. Es necesario aprovechar las nuevas estrategias genómicas y de bioinformática para identificar nuevos genes con potencial diagnóstico y de vacunación. El desarrollo de la ganadería mexicana está supeditado al establecimiento e implementación de estas herramientas.
Modelización de un sistema para control automático de temperatura y humedad relativa
Mantz, Ricardo J.; Tacconi, Eugenio J.
1987-01-01
En el presente trabajo se plantea un modelo matemático para un sistema de temperatura y humedad relativa en vista a investigar técnicas autoajustables para su control. Se plantean también una serie de consideraciones para la estimación de los parámetros del sistema a lazo cerrado.
Automatic controller to water plants Acionador automático para irrigar plantas
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Leonardo Oliveira Medici
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Despite the massive demand of water for plant irrigation, there are few devices being used in the automation of this process in agriculture. This work evaluates a simple controller to water plants automatically that can be set up with low cost commercial materials, which are large-scale produced. This controller is composed by a ceramic capsule used in common domestic water filters; a plastic tube around 1.5 m long, and a pressostate used in domestic washing machines. The capsule and the pressostate are connected through the tube so that all parts are filled with water. The ceramic capsule is the sensor of the controller and has to be placed into the plant substrate. The pressostate has to be placed below the sensor and the lower it is, the higher is the water tension to start the irrigation, since the lower is the pressostate the higher is the water column above it and, therefore, the higher is the tension inside the ceramic cup to pull up the water column. The controller was evaluated in the control of drip irrigation for small containers filled with commercial organic substrate or soil. Linear regressions explained the relationship between the position of pressostate and the maximum water tension in the commercial substrate (p A despeito da enorme demanda por água na irrigação de plantas, existem poucos aparelhos para automação deste processo sendo usados na agricultura. Avaliou-se um acionador automático para irrigação, o qual pode ser confeccionado com materiais comerciais de baixo custo, pois são produzidos em larga escala. Este acionador é composto por uma cápsula cerâmica usada em filtros de água domésticos; um tubo plástico com cerca de um metro e meio de comprimento e um pressostato de máquinas de lavar roupas domésticas. A cápsula e o pressostato são conectados pelo tubo de forma que todo o espaço interno seja preenchido com água. A cápsula é o sensor do acionador e deve ser posicionada dentro do substrato das
Sistema de comunicaciones para el control de una planta de biocombustible
SIGNES PALOP, JOSEP FELIP; Sempere Paya, Víctor Miguel; COLL LOZANO, CATERINA
2012-01-01
Tras el análisis exhaustivo de los protocolos más importantes, y con el objetivo de escalar la tecnología presente en la planta Perseo Bioethanol de Imecal, en la que se transforma la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos en un biocombustible líquido de segunda generación, para el diseño de un nuevo sistema de comunicaciones se escogió la tecnología Profinet. Signes Palop, JF.; Sempere Paya, VM.; Coll Lozano, C. (2012). Sistema de comunicaciones para el control d...
9 CFR 417.4 - Validation, Verification, Reassessment.
2010-01-01
.... 417.4 Section 417.4 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... not have a HACCP plan because a hazard analysis has revealed no food safety hazards that are... ACT HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS § 417.4 Validation, Verification...
Modelos para el control de inventarios en las pymes
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Carlos Andrés Osorio
2013-06-01
Full Text Available El propósito fundamental de una cadena de abastecimiento consiste en maximizar el valor de la organización, al tiempo que se satisfacen los requerimientos del cliente. En el cumplimiento de este objetivo deben participar de manera coordinada e integrada todos los actores involucrados en la cadena. Recientemente, las empresas han comprendido que la aplicación de buenas prácticas es sinónimo de integración, la cual empieza por la coordinación operativa de áreas tales como compras, transporte e inventarios, entre otras. La gestión de inventarios es relevante en este proceso de unificación, ya que refleja tanto la inversión realizada por los dueños de la empresa, como la capacidad de generar buenos niveles de servicio al cliente. Sin embargo, la administración de inventarios puede llegar a ser una actividad muy compleja por la incertidumbre que la rodea y la naturaleza misma de los productos que se gestionan. Esa complejidad puede manejarse por medio de los modelos de inventarios integrados en sistemas de información transaccionales, llamados “sistemas de soporte para la toma de decisiones” (SSD. Este documento revisa los modelos teóricos para el control de inventarios que se pueden ajustar a las necesidades reales de la pyme colombiana, así como los elementos por considerar para alcanzar la integración de estos modelos y conformar un sistema para la toma de decisiones.
9 CFR 417.3 - Corrective actions.
2010-01-01
... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Corrective actions. 417.3 Section 417.3 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS § 417.3 Corrective actions. (a) The written HACCP plan...
77 FR 73401 - Not Applying the Mark of Inspection Pending Certain Test Results
2012-12-10
... businesses that produce product with a short-shelf life (e.g., fresh sausage, or fresh ground beef, or... that establishments have been operating under the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) regulations for years and most likely have a specific way to complete HACCP documentation. The commenters...
Sistema distribuido para monitorización y control integrado de edificios
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Gomes, L.
1999-02-01
distribuido destinado a la monitorización y control integrado del edificio. El sistema puede también servir de apoyo para actividades económicas y servicios. El concepto de domot se presenta (domot = “domus" + "robot" como el tercer inquilino activo del edificio, coexistiendo con los usuarios y administradores siendo capaz de manejar recursos estando a disposición del otro usuario. El sistema se basa en la definición de dos tipos de modelo de estructura, que se utilizarán como referencia para las partes de hardware y software del sistema. El modelo de referencia de la parte software se basa en una red distribuida heterogénea de puestos de trabajo, ejecutando un conjunto de procesos en que la comunicación entre ellos es basada en el paradigma del cliente-servidor. El modelo de referencia de la parte hardware se basa en una estructura con dos niveles de redes; el primero se utiliza para la comunicación entre los puestos de trabajo de alto nivel (destinados a la supervisión y monitorización y el segundo estará destinado a garantizar la comunicación entre los controladores de bajo nivel. Estos dos tipos de modelos constituyen la base para una implementación robusta y abierta de una infraestructura que pueda ser utilizada para las actividades económicas y también para los deseos de usuarios individuales, permitiendo progresos sinérgicos. La interfaz de usuario, que se puede utilizar en cualquier lugar del mundo en que esté disponible una conexión TCP-IP, está estructurada jerárquicamente; se proporcionan información y diálogos específicos para la monitorización y control de los diversos tipos de dispositivos y gestión de los mismos y sistemas que estén instalados en el edificio. Los sistemas ya integrados son: detección de intrusos, CCTV y PABX. El control de acceso, aire acondicionado y calefacción, iluminación se añadirán en un futuro próximo.
Mac Takahashi, Masayuki; Yamashita, Kazunori
2005-07-01
For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points), it is important to meet such requirement by keeping fish and shellfish under a certain low temperature and clean conditions after catching. The deep ocean water (DOW) characterized by low temperature and cleanliness has been chosen for fish and shellfish handlings, particularly for salmon, cod, and sea urchin in Town ‘Rausu’ in Hokkaido, Japan. DOW below 2.9’C of an amount of nearly 5 000m3 is planned to be pumped up every day from a depth of about 350 m, and temporarily stored in a large simulated tank on land. DOW is then supplied to fish boats through hydrants distributed throughout the harbor and used for keeping salmon in clean and cold conditions. Ice made from DOW is also used for lowering temperature if necessary. DOW and ice made from DOW are also used during the transportation of fish and shellfish. The entire system is scheduled to be completed by the summer of 2005.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Garcia Andrade, R; Lopez Villalobos, J.J; Valderrama Chairez, J; Ramirez, R.L. [Instituto Tecnologico de Nuevo Leon, Guadalupe, Nuevo Leon (Mexico)]. E-mails: roxana_garciaandrade@yahoo.com; xe2n@yahoo.com.mx; jose.valderrama@ieee.org
2013-03-15
This paper discusses the design of a voltage controller for an air conditioning system in order to generate additional power in activation or startup of the system, for which as a first stage is presented the modeling power generation of electric current through alternative means, such as solar energy. The results of this study will be the basis for development of the physical prototype of this system controller. [Spanish] El presente trabajo trata sobre el diseno de un controlador de voltaje para un sistema de aire acondicionado con el fin de generar energia adicional en la activacion o arranque de dicho sistema, para lo cual como primer fase se presenta el modelado de la generacion de corriente electrica mediante medios alternos, como lo es la energia solar. Los resultados de este trabajo seran la base para desarrollo del prototipo fisico de este sistema controlador.
Nilson Sant'Anna
2000-01-01
Dez anos se passaram desde que o INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais foi bem sucedido na adoção de técnicas de engenharia de software (Cunha e Nakanishil993)quando na construção do primeiro sistema de software para controle de satélites, o SICS - SCD1. Entre outras técnicas, a garantia da qualidade, o controle das modificações /configuração e a estruturação das equipes em ambientes controlados eram sempre mencionados pela comunidade científica, como elementos fundamentais para uma ...
Participación comunitaria para el control ciudadano de los servicios públicos domiciliarios
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José Juan Amar Amar
2008-01-01
Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan el marco teórico y conceptual de la investigación Participación comunitaria para el control ciudadano de los servicios públicos domiciliarios en el barrio El Bosque del distrito de Barranquilla. El trabajo se centra en los espacios de participación comunitaria que la Constitución Política y la Ley 142 de 1994 han abierto para que los usuarios de los servicios públicos domiciliarios ejerzan control social sobre las empresas prestatarias de los servicios de agua potable, alcantarillado, aseo, gas, energía y telefonía.
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Hugo Yañez-Badillo
2017-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Los sistemas de control automático día a día se han convertido en elementos importantes en la vida cotidiana, en tal sentido, se deben proponer nuevas y mejores formas de incorporar modelos matemáticos y algoritmos de control adaptativos para superar la gran cantidad de cambios técnicos y físicos a los que se enfrentan para su utilización. En este artículo se realiza el control de posición y seguimiento de trayectorias para un Quadrotor. Debido a la naturaleza no lineal de este sistema subactuado, se propone el empleo de un controlador adaptativo basado en redes neuronales B-spline que permita determinar las señales de control mediante un entrenamiento dividido en dos etapas: a uno inicial fuera de línea y; b uno continuo en línea. Esta forma de aprendizaje permite al Quadrotor extender un desempeño satisfactorio ante diferentes condiciones operativas y seguimiento de los valores de referencia. Los resultados de simulación verifican la aplicabilidad del controlador propuesto y el impacto que se tiene en el desempeño del sistema minimizando la necesidad de contar con un modelo matemático no lineal detallado, así como el conocimiento exacto de los valores de los parámetros del Quadrotor. Abstract: Automatic control systems every day become more important in everyday life; therefore, it must find new and better ways to incorporate mathematical models and adaptive control algorithms to cope with a number of technical and physical challenges for exploitation. In this paper, the algorithm of the dynamic model of a Quadrotor applied to an angular position and trajectory control as a study case is detailed. Due to nonlinear nature of this type of systems, an adaptive on line neurocontroller algorithm based on B-spline neural networks is proposed, the learning procedure is divided in two stages: a an initial off line training and; b an on line continuous learning. This form of learning allows the Quadrotor extend its
Recomendaciones educativas para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades cardiovasculares
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Alfredo Darío Espinosa Brito
2011-02-01
Full Text Available Cada vez parece más evidente que para brindar un cuidado efectivo a las personas con enfermedades cardiovasculares, o en riesgo de padecerlas, tanto los pacientes, como sus familiares y los profesionales sanitarios, deben expandir sus competencias profesionales, para lograr resultados favorables. En este trabajo se plantean y justifican cuatro recomendaciones educativas relacionadas con el paciente, la familia y los profesionales de la salud, así como se proponen acciones para llevarlas a la práctica en el contexto latinoamericano actual. Se sugiere capacitar al personal sanitario para brindar una asistencia integral y un cuidado centrado en el paciente, a través de una educación continuada apropiada, para poder educar, al mismo tiempo, a los pacientes y sus familiares. También se aboga por promover sistemas organizados para educar a las personas en riesgo y a los pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares y de este modo favorecer su propio control y autocuidado. Finalmente, se plantea la educación a la población en la identificación temprana de los síntomas de las urgencias cardiovasculares para obtener mejores resultados en la asistencia médica en esos casos.
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Héctor Gómez-Dantés
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Dengue is the most important vector-borne disease in the Americas and threatens the lifes of millions of people in developing countries. Imprecise morbidity and mortality statistics underestimate the magnitude of dengue as a regional health problem. As a result, it is considered a low priority by the health sector with no timely steps for effective control. Dengue is perceived as a problem of "others" (individually, collectively and institutionally, therefore responsibility for its control is passed on to others (neighbors, the community, municipality, health institutions, or other governmental agencies. With no precise risk indicators available there is little opportunity for timely diagnoses, treatment, health interventions or vector control (poor surveillance. Solutions only targeting the vector reduce the impact of interventions and there is no sustainable control. Without political commitment there are insufficient resources to face the problem. This paper discusses the challenges for prevention and control in the Americas.El dengue es la enfermedad transmitida por vector más importante en las Américas, que amenaza la vida de millones de personas. Las cifras subestiman la magnitud del problema y el dengue no figura como prioridad para las autoridades en salud y no se identifica como problema (baja percepción de riesgo, por lo que las medidas para el control se realizan tardíamente. El dengue se considera un problema de "otros" (individuo, colectividad, institucional y la responsabilidad del control se desvía hacia otros (vecindario, comunidad, municipio, el Ministerio de Salud, etc.. Se carece de indicadores de riesgo precisos, por lo que no hay oportunidad para acciones de diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención y control vectorial. Con intervenciones poco efectivas no hay control sostenible y sin compromiso político no hay recursos suficientes para enfrentar este problema sanitario. Este artículo aborda los desafíos para la
Amorim,Melania Maria Ramos; Lima,Lidiane de Araújo; Lopes,Camila Vigolvino; Araújo,Daniele Kelle Lopes de; Silva,Jéssica Guimarães Gomes; César,Larissa Cynthia; Melo,Adriana Suely de Oliveira
2009-01-01
OBJETIVO: identificar os fatores associados à gestação na adolescência em um Estado do nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle na proporção de uma adolescente entre 10 e 19 anos (caso) para duas mulheres entre 20 e 35 anos (controles), totalizando 168 casos e 337 controles. As variáveis reprodutivas analisadas foram: escolaridade, situação marital, procedência, renda familiar per capita em reais, trabalho remunerado, escolaridade da mãe, presença do pai da adolesce...
Estrategias integradas para el control de enfermedades de las plantas.
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Achicanoy López Héctor
2001-09-01
Full Text Available En el manejo del patosistema de cultivos, se debe tener en cuenta el control del patógeno y el manejo del hospedante. La importancia económica de las enfermedades de las plantas, debe medirse no sólo por el verdadero daño que ocasionan, sino también por los costos en las medidas de prevención y control. Cuando se intenta planear y aplicar nuevos métodos de control de las enfermedades de las plantas, el objetivo debe ser un control racional, eficaz y seguro a un costo mínimo. En el control de las enfermedades de las plantas, las estrategias aplicadas se utilizan en términos generales, para proteger a las poblaciones más que a unas plantas individuales, aunque ciertos hospederos enfermos se controlan individualmente. Casi la totalidad de las estrategias de control, se utilizan antes de que las plantas enfermen, es decir, los métodos son preventivos y no curativos. El Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP, utiliza todas las técnicas y métodos más apropiados para mantener en lo posible, las poblaciones de plagas a niveles por debajo 1 M.Sc. Profesor Asociado. Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Departamento de Agronomía, Apartado 1027, Medellín-Colombia. de aquellos que ocasionan daño económico. Sin embargo, en el caso de las plantas, el MIP debe ser cuidadosamente revisado y permanentemente ajustado debido a la variabilidad de los fitopatógenos en la naturaleza, particularmente los hongos. El control de la enfermedad, se puede lograr mediante un sólo procedimiento, pero en la mayoría de los casos exige la utilización de medidas múltiples e implica un programa integrado de manipulación del ambiente y de las estrategias reglamentarias, culturales, biológicas, físicas y químicas.
Nuevos enfoques para el control de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus microplus
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Kevin B. Temeyer
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Esta revisión describe avances científicos enfocados al control de garrapatas de fiebre bovina (GFB, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus microplus y R. (B. annulatus. Evidencia epidemiológica indica que brotes de GFB en los EE.UU. han alcanzado niveles alarmantes debido al aumento de la población del venado cola blanca (VCB y otras especies de ungulados salvajes que son hospedadores alternativos. Investigaciones avanzadas incluyen estudios sobre: inmunología en el VCB, genética molecular de GFB, resistencia a los acaricidas, e interacciones del sistema hospedador-parásito-garrapata. La utilidad del baño garrapaticida con organofosforados (OP en los EE.UU. depende de la inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa (AChE. Tres cADNs que codifican acetilcolinesterasas (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7 en R. (B. microplus se expresaron en un sistema de baculovirus y mostraron valores de Km para acetiltiocolina de aproximadamente 5, 50, y 90 ¿M para rBmAChE1, rBmAChE2, y rBmAChE3, respectivamente. Los rBmAChEs prefirieron acetiltiocolina sobre butiriltiocolina como substrato, y se inhibieron con eserina, paraoxón, y el inhibidor específico de AChE, BW284C51, asi confirmando su identidad bioquímica como AChE. La expresión de mutaciones específicas en cepas resistentes a OP disminuyerón la susceptibilidad de rBmAChE1 y rBmAChE3 a inhibición con OP. Resultados por qRT-PCR indicaron que BmAChEs son expresados en singanglion. Múltiples transcripciones observadas en GFB para los BmAChEs sugiere el empalme alternativo o duplicación genetica. Resultados por qRT-PCR con ADN genómico respaldo la hipótesis de duplicación genetica. Moleculas largas de dsARN específicas para rBmAChEs fueron introducidas en hembras adultas ayunadas por microinyección y la silenciación de genes monitoreada por qRT-PCR y efectos fenotípicos. Los roles específicos para los rBmAChEs quedan por dilucidarse.
Nuevos modelos de redes de neuronas artificiales para simulación y control desistemas dinámicos
Galván León, Inés María
1997-01-01
Uno de los principales problemas en el campo de los procesos dinámicos es el control de su comportamiento, control que es necesario para que la evolución del proceso se lleve a cabo en una dirección y con una cierta dinámica deseada. Esto puede traducirse en mantener una condición estable, seguir una trayectoria especificada o alcanzar una determinada meta. Para ello es necesario incluir un sistema de control, el cual influye en la dinámica del proceso, regulando su comportamiento. La teoría...
Cooling in the food industry. Special issue; Koelen in de voedingsindustrie. Themanummer
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Anon,
1998-03-01
In five brief articles attention is paid to the cooling and freezing processes and equipment in the food industry. The following subjects are discussed: the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points system (HACCP) to reduce the hygienic risks in the food processing industry to a minimum, indoor climate control for the chicory-roots storage facilities, temperature control of the freezing process for baguettes, a total supermarket management system that meets the HACCP standard, and the use of a cooling simulation program to save energy in a slaughterhouse
Toscano Jr, Eudes Moacir; Leitão, Carla Renata Silva
2006-01-01
Este artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver um estudo comparativo entre as atividades definidas no componenteauditoria e controle interno do Programa de Modernização do Controle Interno do Estado da Paraíba (Promocin) - coordenado pela Secretaria do Controle da Despesa Pública (SCDP) - e as diretrizes lançadas pelo processode reforma do Estado brasileiro para implantação do paradigma da administração pública gerencial no setor público. Esse paradigma aponta para um modelo de gestão do controle i...
Control local en el espacio de estados para un prototipo real de péndulo invertido traslacional
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Lyda Vanessa Herrera Sepúlveda
2014-07-01
Full Text Available Este artículo aborda la readecuación de un prototipo de laboratorio para péndulo invertido traslacional, buscando recobrar su capacidad funcional y ejercer control local para mantener erguido el brazo del péndulo. En términos de control, el problema que se va a resolver será la viabilidad de una técnica de control por realimentación de estados en el prototipo experimental empleando un dispositivo de proceso de bajo costo. Se realizó por tanto, el diseño y la implementación de circuitos para el acondicionamiento de señales entre los dispositivos de medida, actuación y control. Se diseñó e implementó una estrategia de control por realimentación de estados en un microcontrolador Arduino Mega. Los resultados de simulación predicen la regulación del estado, que posteriormente fue corroborada de manera experimental con el prototipo de laboratorio. Actividades complementarias incluyen el análisis de técnicas avanzadas de control sobre el sistema, al igual que la inclusión de términos de no-linealidad en los modelos.
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Kenneth E Warner
2008-01-01
Full Text Available The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC, a World Health Organization sponsored global tobacco control treaty, constitutes the first major international tool with the potential to significantly reduce the global pandemic of tobacco-produced disease and death. After providing background on the prevalence of cigarette smoking and smoking attributable mortality, both at present and projected for the future, the paper then describes the FCTC and discusses its development, the barriers it has confronted, and the opportunities it offers for improving global health. Successful implementation of the provisions in the treaty could avoid literally tens of millions of premature tobacco-produced deaths over the next few decades.El Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT, un tratado para el control global del tabaco patrocinado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, constituye la primera herramienta internacional importante con el potencial de reducir significativamente la pandemia mundial de enfermedades y decesos producidos por el tabaco. Este ensayo proporciona antecedentes sobre la prevalencia de consumo de cigarrillos y sobre mortalidad atribuible a dicho consumo, tanto al presente como con proyección a futuro. Después describe el CMCT, su desarrollo, las barreras que ha confrontado y las oportunidades que ofrece para mejorar la salud global. La implementación exitosa de las disposiciones del tratado podría evitar, literalmente, decenas de millones de muertes prematuras producidas por el tabaco en las próximas décadas.
Evaluación de la Usabilidad para la Tarea de Supervisión Humana en Sala de Control Industrial
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Pere Ponsa
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Resumen: En tareas de supervisión humana de sala de control industrial se aplican de forma genérica disciplinas como la seguridad y la ergonomía física para el diseño de la sala de control. Desde el punto de vista de la interacción persona-ordenador, a estas disciplinas hay que añadir la ingeniería de la usabilidad y la ergonomía cognitiva ya que aportan pautas para el diseño centrado en el usuario. Este artículo presenta una guía ergonómica de diseño para la mejora de la calidad de una interfaz de supervisión industrial, y propone la evaluación de la usabilidad para medir la eficiencia del operario de sala de control industrial. El artículo muestra la aplicación de la guía sobre el simulador de alcance total del Centro de Tecnología Azucarera, para contribuir al programa de formación de operarios en aspectos de mejoras de rendimiento del sistema persona-ordenador en procesos productivos complejos. Palabras Clave: Supervisión, Sistema persona-máquina, Métodos de diseño, Control de procesos industriales, Cognición y control
Desarrollo de una aplicación para gráficos de control de calidad de procesos industriales
Flores Sánchez, Miguel Alfonso
2013-01-01
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto crear una aplicación para el control estadístico de la calidad basado en un entorno gráfico cuyo motor de cálculo sea el lenguaje R. Se implementan los gráficos de control de calidad más utilizados en este campo mediante una aplicación específica sobre la base del desarrollo de una librería que utiliza algunas librerías estándar para el control de calidad que se encuentran en R. El nombre de la librería es qcr que corresponde a las siglas Quality Control a...
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Victor Hugo Mazon de Oliveira
Full Text Available Resumo É relevante o papel da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC aplicada à cadeia produtiva da construção, em particular na gestão de equipamentos de segurança, cujas práticas convencionais de controle têm mostrado eficiência limitada. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta o estudo do desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento e controle remoto de equipamentos de segurança utilizando a tecnologia Radio Frequency Identification (RFID administrado pelo software, também desenvolvido nesta pesquisa, intitulado Controle de Obras por RFID. A rotina de ensaios combinou testes de laboratório para hospedagem e validação do sistema e experimentos em um canteiro de obras para a verificação do sistema em um ambiente real de construção. O modelo mostrou-se eficiente na identificação e localização dos equipamentos por meio da indicação de sua posição em imagens em planta. O modelo forneceu também relatórios gráficos e textuais que exibem as características de cada equipamento e apresentam os seguintes dados: nome, obra, local, marca, material, estado de conservação, previsão de revisão e responsável. A introdução da TIC no desenvolvimento de ferramentas, como o sistema proposto por este estudo, contribui para o avanço da gestão de equipamentos de segurança no canteiro de obras, podendo ser extrapolado para a gestão de outros componentes.
Crime, violência e controle social como produtos culturais: Novas perspectivas para o debate
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Álvaro Filipe Oxley da Rocha
2017-02-01
Full Text Available O presente artigo objetiva oferecer novas referências conceituais capazes de produzir um novo ambiente de debates nas ciências humanas. A proposta é revisitar as concepções de crime, violência e controle social para entendê-los como produtos culturais, que devem ser lidos a partir dos significados que carregam. Para este objetivo, apresenta-se uma revisão da produção bibliográfica em torno das inovações propostas pela criminologia cultural, especialmente da Inglaterra e dos EUA, de modo a contribuir para a produção e operacionalização de instrumentos de análise adequados ao contexto brasileiro de debates dos referidos temas na academia brasileira. Crime, Violence and Social Control as Cultural Products: New Perspectives for the Debate aims to provide new conceptual frameworks, capable of producing a new environment of debates in the Humanities area. The proposal is to revisit the concepts of crime, violence and social control to understand them as cultural products, which must be read from the meanings they carry. The article presents a review of bibliographic production around the innovations proposed by the cultural criminology, especially in England and the USA, in order to assist in the production and operation of analysis tools appropriate to the Brazilian context of debates on these subjects in the Brazilian academy.Keywords: crime, violence, social control, cultural criminology
Control optimo de par para maquinas SynRM aplicadas a vehiculo electrico
Trancho, Elena; Ibarra, E.; Arias, A.; Kortabarria, I.
2017-01-01
Las maquinas de reluctancia sincrona asistidas por imanes estan atrayendo un considerable interes como alternativa a las maquinas sıncronas de imanes permanentes para su uso en sistemas de propulsion de vehıculos electricos. El control optimo de estas maquinas (incluyendo operacion en debilitamiento de campo) puede resultar complejo, ya que estas son, por lo general, muy sensibles al fenomeno de la saturacion magnetica. En este articulo se trata su control, desde los reguladores hasta el prec...
GRÁFICOS DE CONTROL MULTIVARIANTES PARA EL SEGUIMIENTO DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN LITORAL
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pedro Fuentes Durá
2003-04-01
Full Text Available La costa este de España sufre periódicamente episodios de proliferación masiva de algas, que provocan graves perjuicios para los sectores turístico y pesquero, e incluso suponen un riesgo sanitario para la población. Este trabajo muestra un método que permite la detección de variaciones significativas en el estado del ecosistema, como cambios en las concentraciones de nutrientes y densidad de fitoplancton. Se expone el uso de gráficos de control estadístico de procesos basados en componentes principales (PC de las variables que se miden regularmente en estas playas. Los PC encontrados facilitan la interpretación de las razones por las que se producen estos episodios. Por otra parte, los gráficos de control propuestos tienen la capacidad de detectar situaciones anómalas que favorecen las proliferaciones masivas, permitiendo un eficaz control medioambiental en estas playas.
Application of a risk management system to improve drinking water safety.
Jayaratne, Asoka
2008-12-01
The use of a comprehensive risk management framework is considered a very effective means of managing water quality risks. There are many risk-based systems available to water utilities such as ISO 9001 and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In 2004, the World Health Organization's (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality recommended the use of preventive risk management approaches to manage water quality risks. This paper describes the framework adopted by Yarra Valley Water for the development of its Drinking Water Quality Risk Management Plan incorporating HACCP and ISO 9001 systems and demonstrates benefits of Water Safety Plans such as HACCP. Copyright IWA Publishing 2008.
Siadén Paiva, Dany Manuel Eduardo
2017-01-01
El objetivo de la tesis es evaluar el diseño y construcción de una plataforma de sistema embebido para el control y monitoreo en tiempo real aplicado a diferentes prototipos de biodigestores a escala piloto ubicados en las instalaciones de la Universidad de Piura. Para ello, se inicia un estudio del proceso de digestión anaerobia con el fin de determinar las variables influyentes en el proceso. Luego, se realiza un análisis de los biodigestores instalados en el país para conocer la tecnología...
Implementation of an HACCP model in foot and mouth disease control programmes.
van Gelderen, C J; Durrieu, M; Schudel, A A
2015-12-01
The organisation and structure of the official Veterinary Services (OVS) are designed to meet a specific aim--the health certification of animal health, welfare and food safety in the production and processing stage. Disease prevention and control calls for programmes and projects that, depending on the characteristics of each disease, may involve any branch of the OVS, from the laboratory to field activities. For the purpose of this work, the model used is that of a country that is 'free from foot and mouth disease with vaccination' in accordance with the conditions stipulated in Chapter 8.8. of the World Organisation for Animal Health Terrestrial Animal Health Code. These conditions state that, to maintain this health status, a programme of monitoring and continuous control of the relevant variables must be implemented. This is achieved by applying good practice and identifying the critical control points in all processes, using a checklist that simplifies the task. The system that is developed can also serve as a guide for internal or external programme audits.
Inocuidad en alimentos tradicionales: el queso de Poro de Balancán como un caso de estudio
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Mayra Díaz Ramírez
2016-01-01
Full Text Available La variabilidad de los alimentos tradicionales producidos de manera artesanal es admisible, pero su inocuidad debe garantizarse. La ejecución de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM es fundamental para la construcción de sistemas de gestión de la inocuidad como el Análisis de Riesgos y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP e ISO-22000-Food Safety Management System. El cumplimiento de este tipo de prácticas en la producción de alimentos tradicionales en México es escaso. Tomando al queso de Poro, como ejemplo de este tipo de alimentos, el presente docu- mento describe las condiciones y controles de su proceso de producción. Ello como el primer paso para documentar la factibilidad de implementar sistemas de gestión de la inocuidad. Esto es dado que la legislación en México permite la comercialización de este tipo de quesos si su producción cumple con controles basados en BPM.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrés Cartín-Rojas
2014-06-01
Full Text Available El análisis de riesgo mediante el Análisis Modal de Efectos y Fallas (AMEF se aplicó y se incorporó en conjunto con el Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP para establecer la evaluación de riesgos en una maquiladora de pavo deshuesado. En este trabajo se calculó y se predijo, por medio de la significancia del riesgo, la importancia de establecer medidas preventivas en las etapas de proceso más vulnerables. El cálculo de la significancia se realizó obteniendo el Índice de Criticidad (IC. Los puntos críticos de control se establecieron con la metodología del árbol de decisiones, que se enfocó en aquellas etapas que mostraron tener los valores más altos relativos al IC. Las principales causas posibles que generan una desviación de los puntos críticos de control fueron enlistadas y analizadas a través de un análisis causa-raíz, con el uso del diagrama de Ishikawa. La integración del análisis de riesgo dentro de un plan HACCP demostró proveer amplias ventajas que facilitan el control de los procesos de manufactura y el aseguramiento de la salud pública a los consumidores finales, al generar alimentos inocuos y de alta calidad, al tiempo que mejora el desempeño operacional del ciclo productivo. Se identificaron las etapas de almacenamiento y descongelación como los principales segmentos con tendencia a mostrar altos valores de IC. Las acciones correctivas sugeridas bajaron notablemente los valores del IC por debajo del límite aceptable. Los resultados del presente estudio muestran claramente la importancia de la incorporación de un buen sistema de control sistemático para la gestión de riesgos en la industria avícola.
Brito Domínguez, Jimmy Arturo; Echeverria Briones, Pedro Fabricio
2009-01-01
Creación de un marco de control para la administración del riesgo operativo relacionado con la tecnologías de la informacion como modelo para las cooperativas de ahorro y credito del Ecuador Creación de un marco de control para la administración del riesgo operativo relacionado con la tecnologías de la informacion como modelo para las cooperativas de ahorro y credito del Ecuador
In Touch With Industry: ICAF Industry Studies, 1997
1997-01-01
Analysis and Critical Control Program ( HACCP ) food safety system will allow both the Food and Drug Administration and Food Safety and Inspection...actively prevent food safety problems. The HACCP system is a scientific, process-based analysis of potential hazards, a determination of where those...Figure 2.—U.S. Primary Production (Quadrillion Btu) jam . The energy industry is a highly aggregated construct that stretches the definition of
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hegglin, A [Wurm AG, Winterthur (Switzerland)
2000-10-01
Important inspection points of a HACCP concept are the temperatures. On the basis of the demands for a systematic temperature documentation, the application of control systems and instruments is described by several examples. (orig.) [German] Wichtige Kontrollpunkte eines HACCP-Konzepts sind die Temperaturen. Ausgehend von den Anforderungen, die an eine systematische Temperaturedokumentation gestellt werden, wird der Einsatz geeigneter Regel- und Ueberwachungsgeraete an mehreren Beispielen erlaeutert. (orig.)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Michelle Gonçalves de Souza Tavares
2010-12-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente, para uso no Brasil, um instrumento específico de escore para o controle abrangente da asma, denominado Asthma Control Scoring System (ACSS. MÉTODOS: O protocolo incluiu dez etapas: autorização escrita do autor do ACSS; tradução do instrumento para a língua portuguesa do Brasil por três tradutores; análise e comparação das três versões por um comitê revisor; retradução literal para o inglês; revisão e harmonização da retradução; aprovação do autor do ACSS; revisão da tradução por especialistas; desdobramento cognitivo: teste da clareza, compreensão e aceitabilidade junto à população alvo (avaliação da tradução por 10 profissionais da área da saúde; segundo desdobramento cognitivo: revisão da nova versão por um segundo grupo de profissionais da área de saúde; e reconciliação e elaboração da versão final pelo comitê revisor. RESULTADOS: A versão do ACSS em português do Brasil apresentou clareza, compreensão e aceitabilidade. O instrumento foi considerado abrangente por englobar as manifestações clínicas, funcionais e inflamatórias da asma. CONCLUSÕES: Com o uso desta metodologia criteriosa empregada para a adaptação transcultural do ACSS, asseguramos sua adequação cultural para uso no Brasil. O uso desse instrumento poderá facilitar futuros estudos sobre o controle da asma.OBJECTIVE: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a specific scoring instrument for the comprehensive control of asthma, the Asthma Control Scoring System (ACSS, for use in Brazil. METHODS: The protocol included ten steps: acquisition of written permission from the author of the ACSS; translation of the instrument to Brazilian Portuguese, carried out by three separate translators; analysis and comparison of the three versions by a review committee; literal back-translation to English; review and harmonization of the back-translation; acquisition of the approval of the
Implementación de una estrategia fuzzy adaptativa para el control activo de vigas vibratorias
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Francisco Ernesto Moreno-García
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Este trabajo propone un control activo de vibraciones en un sistema mecánico tipo viga en voladizo, utilizando un controlador fuzzy implementado en LabVIEW. Para la etapa de medición se utiliza un acelerómetro capacitivo capaz de detectar el desplazamiento presentado en la estructura debido a una fuerza generada mediante un impactador instrumentado con un sensor piezorresistivo. Para la implementación computacional es utilizado el software LabVIEW operando en conjunto con una tarjeta de adquisición de datos DAQ 6009. Para el sistema de actuación se ubican en la barra láminas de material piezoeléctrico, que tienen la función de atenuar la vibración presente mediante la generación de fuerzas opuestas. Los resultados experimentales se presentan con el objetivo de acumular experiencias y demostrar la eficacia del control activo de vibraciones con la utilización de actuadores piezoeléctricos.
Adaptação transcultural da escala Locus of Control of Behaviour para o português: versão para idosos
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Juliana Bastos Ohy
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Objetivo Apresentar a adaptação transcultural da escala Locus of Control of Behavior (LCB para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil. Métodos O processo de adaptação foi realizado em cinco etapas: tradução, retradução, avaliação da equivalência entre a retradução e a escala original, elaboração de uma versão pré-teste e aplicação na população-alvo composta por 16 idosos (56 a 80 anos, com quatro anos mínimos de escolaridade. Resultados A versão adaptada não gerou problemas de compreensão, aceitabilidade ou impacto emocional negativo. Conclusão Este trabalho torna disponível a primeira versão em Português da LCB, uma escala que tem sido particularmente utilizada para avaliar o tipo de locus de controle (LoC no que concerne ao prognóstico de tratamentos em saúde mental.
Sistema automatizado para el control de las inversiones en las redes eléctricas.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maylín Díaz Pardillo
2015-03-01
Full Text Available El presente trabajo investigativo abarca las etapas de la automatización del proceso de control en la ejecución de las inversiones que se realizan en las redes del Sistema Electroenergético Nacional, integrado al Sistema Integral de Gestión de Redes de la Unión Eléctrica. Para el desarrollo de la aplicación se llevaron a cabo las etapas del proceso de desarrollo de software, según lo especifica el Proceso Unificado de Desarrollo (RUP, utilizándose como herramienta de modelado para el análisis y diseño: el Enterprise Architect. El software se implementó en Embarcadero RAD Studio 2010 el cual incluye facilidades de desarrollo para aplicaciones Desktop con un diseño de interfaz adecuado a los requerimientos del cliente, se utilizó Object Pascal como lenguaje de programación lo que permitió un código eficiente y para la persistencia de la información se utilizó como Sistema Gestor de Base de Datos: Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2.
Implementación de una estrategia fuzzy adaptativa para el control activo de vigas vibratorias
Moreno-García, Francisco Ernesto; Becerra-Vargas, José Armando; Cárdenas-Contreras, Edwin Martín
2014-01-01
Este trabajo propone un control activo de vibraciones en un sistema mecánico tipo viga en voladizo, utilizando un controlador fuzzy implementado en LabVIEW. Para la etapa de medición se utiliza un acelerómetro capacitivo capaz de detectar el desplazamiento presentado en la estructura debido a una fuerza generada mediante un impactador instrumentado con un sensor piezorresistivo. Para la implementación computacional es utilizado el software LabVIEW operando en conjunto con una tarjeta de adqui...
Segovia Castañeda, Verónica Alexandra
2007-01-01
Los Inventarios son la fuente generadora de recursos para las empresas a través de las ventas. El poseer un sistema idóneo de manejo de inventarios es uno de los factores que evitan robos y pérdidas que por su importancia afectan a la empresa de forma directa, los inventarios deben ser controlados de manera correcta y oportuna para obtener información confiable sobre compras, ventas, almacenamiento, registro, para lo cual es primordial el establecimiento de normas y controles claros para cada...
Control Neuronal Combinado para Generar Espectros de Oleajes
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Luis P. Sánchez Fernández
2013-10-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Se presenta un método novedoso para controlar la obtención de espectros de energÃa de oleajes, de gran utilidad en los laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo de Hidráulica MarÃtima. El elemento final de control o manipulador es un motor eléctrico lineal conectado a un servo-control el cual es supervisado mediante una computadora. El algoritmo de control automático se realiza con un esquema neuronal combinado, compuesto por una red neuronal artificial âfeed-forwardâ y un controlador proporcional integral. El sistema computacional implementado incluye caracterÃsticas de autoaprendizaje, materializado en el re-entrenamiento en lÃnea de la red neuronal lo cual hace posible adaptarse a cambios en los parámetros del âproceso controladoâ y a perturbaciones, altamente influyentes en el espectro de energÃa que impacta una obra hidráulica objeto de estudio. Abstract: A novel method is presented to control the generation of wave energy spectrum, useful in research and development laboratories of Maritime Hydraulic. The final control element is a linear electric motor connected to a servo-control which is monitored by a computer. The automatic control algorithm is performed with a combined neural scheme. It consists of an artificial neural network âfeed-forwardâ and a proportional integral controller. The computer system includes self-learning based on an online training of the neural network. It makes possible to adapt to changes in the parameters of the âcontrolled processâ and disturbances that impact the studied hydraulic work. Palabras clave: Control, neuronal, oleaje, espectros, hidráulica, Keywords: Control, neural, wave, spectrums, hydraulic
Control para un equipo de análisis químico por RMN basado en un microprocesador de 32 bits
Palacio Tárrega, Víctor Manuel
2009-01-01
El objetivo del PFC es desarrollar el sistema de control de un equipo de análisis quimico por RMN. Las especificacions del sistema de control implican que este integre los ortos dos componentes del equipo de análisis ( procesado de señal y sistema de raiofrecuencia ) con una interfaz gráfica para el usuario.Se desarrollan dos componentes para el sistema de control, hardware y software, El hardware de control incrustado está basado en un procesador ARM de 32 bits,, y se completado con todos lo...
Sistema automatizado para el control de las inversiones en las redes eléctricas.
Maylín Díaz Pardillo; María Ela Díaz Gómez; Orlando Brunet Arias
2015-01-01
El presente trabajo investigativo abarca las etapas de la automatización del proceso de control en la ejecución de las inversiones que se realizan en las redes del Sistema Electroenergético Nacional, integrado al Sistema Integral de Gestión de Redes de la Unión Eléctrica. Para el desarrollo de la aplicación se llevaron a cabo las etapas del proceso de desarrollo de software, según lo especifica el Proceso Unificado de Desarrollo (RUP), utilizándose como herramienta de modelado para el análisi...
Sobre el uso del problema de complementariedad lineal extendido para el control óptimo de semáforos
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Lema Fernández, Carmen S.
2007-01-01
Full Text Available En el trabajo titulado “Modelo de optimización con restricciones de equilibrio para el control de semáforos” que presentamos en las XIV Jornadas de ASEPUMA (2006 analizábamos un problema de control óptimo de semáforos para un cruce de dos carreteras con los dos sentidos de circulación; allí interpretábamos las restricciones del problema como un problema de complementariedad lineal extendido (ELCP. También proponíamos un método híbrido de solución basado en una propiedad que demostraba que mediante un cambio de variable adecuado, las restricciones de ELCP describen un problema de complementariedad lineal (LCP. Nos interesa pues, estudiar bajo que condiciones dichos problemas tienen solución y además única. Así introducimos tres propiedades importantes para los ELCP y como caso particular para los LCP:• La propiedad de suficiencia en columnas que caracteriza la convexidad del conjunto solución.• La propiedad de suficiencia en filas que describe una clase importante de pares de matrices (respecto a K para las cuales la factibilidad del ELCP(M,N,K implica su solucionabilidad.• La P-propiedad (que para el caso del LCP(M,q significa que M ha de ser una P-matriz, que caracteriza la unicidad de solución.
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Carlos Adolfo Salazar
2004-02-01
Full Text Available Objetivo: la investigación que se presenta a continuación tuvo como objetivo identificar y evaluar los programas de control prenatal para adolescentes ofrecidos en el valle de Aburrá, Antioquia, Colombia, durante el año 2003. Materiales y métodos: se revisaron varias fuentes primarias y se elaboró un listado de todas las instituciones de salud del valle de Aburrá. Se hicieron entrevistas telefónicas con los respectivos directores para establecer cuáles instituciones tenían un programa de control prenatal exclusivo para adolescentes y a estas instituciones se les aplicó un formato de evaluación para determinar si cumplían con los estándares internacionales descritos en la literatura como esenciales en un programa de control prenatal para adolescentes. Resultados: sólo una de las 101 instituciones de salud que ofrecían control prenatal tenía un programa exclusivo para adolescentes. Sin embargo, a la luz de la evaluación, dicho programa no cumplía con los estándares de un programa de control prenatal para adolescentes. Conclusión: a pesar de que en Colombia el embarazo en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública, los programas de control prenatal para adolescentes no se han implementado en el valle de Aburrá. Establecerlos constituye una de las estrategias para resolver esta problemática. Objective : this investigation had the aim of identifying and evaluating the prenatal control programs offered to teenagers in the Aburrá Valley region of Colombia in 2003. Methodology: through various sources a list was compiled which included all the health institutions in the Aburrá Valley region. The institutions which offered exclusive teenage prenatal control were identified by telephone and a questionnaire was applied to them with the purpose of knowing if they met the international standards described in relevant sources as being essential in a teenage prenatal control program. Results: in only one of the 101 health
Gioia, Cintia; Maidana, Carlos; Pomar, Pablo; Ureta, Walter; Eterovic, Silvina; Donadello, Domingo F.; Eterovic, Jorge
2014-01-01
El software es un elemento clave en todos los sistemas que se utilizan actualmente en la gestión de las organizaciones, en particular los sistemas de control, incluidos los de seguridad crítica, tales como los de control y protección de las aplicaciones ferroviarias, en los que una falla puede causar daños irreparables a personas y/o al entorno. Ésta dependencia ha hecho que el nivel de fiabilidad requerido para este tipo de software sea muy alto. La forma de conseguir un software de calid...
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Alfredo G M Gámez López
2011-02-01
Full Text Available En el artículo se realiza un análisis de dos sensores que se aplican en energías renovables (eólica y solar,obteniéndose una ley de control óptima. Para las fuentes energéticas elegidas se proponen técnicas de altafrecuencia de conmutación y eficiencia. Para la validación de los resultados se emplean técnicas desimulación digital In this article we make an analysis of two sensors applied in renewable energies (wind and solar,obtaining an ideal law of control. For the chosen energetic sources there appear technologies of highfrequency of commutation and of high efficiency. Technologies of digital simulation validate the results.
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Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges
2011-06-01
Full Text Available The evolution of resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus microplus to synthetic acaricides has given rise to the need for new scientific investigations on alternative ways to control this tick. In this regard, various studies on plants have been developed in an attempt to find extracts with acaricidal properties. Evaluations on plant extracts for controlling R. (B. microplus have grown intensely over the last decade. There are many advantages from using plant extracts: for example, they can be used in organic cattle farming or even replace synthetic acaricides and they are associated with lower environmental and food contamination, slower development of resistance and lower toxicity to animals and humans. In vitro studies on plant extracts have shown promising results, but most of these extracts have not been tested on animals to validate their use. Difficulties in preparing proper formulations, differences in the chemical composition of plants of the same species due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors and sparse information on active acaricide compounds are hindrances that need to be addressed in order to enable progress within this scientific field.A evolução da resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus microplus aos acaricidas sintéticos tem impulsionado novas investigações científicas sobre métodos alternativos para controlar este carrapato. Considerando isso, vários estudos com plantas têm sido desenvolvidos numa tentativa de encontrar extratos com propriedades acaricidas. Avalições de extratos de plantas para o controle de R. (B. microplus tem sido intensificadas nesta última década. Existem muitas vantagens com o uso de extratos de plantas no controle deste carrapato, como: eles podem ser utilizados na produção orgânica de bovinos, ou mesmo substituir os acaricidas sintéticos, além do mais, estão associados com baixa contaminação ambiental e dos alimentos, desenvolvimento mais lento de resistência e baixa toxicidade
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Bartolomeo Griglio
2013-02-01
Full Text Available This communication reports the results of audit activity on a number of food processing plants pertaining to ASLTO5. The activities, undertaken between 2008 and 2010, are related to an audit programme planning, implemented with 2 official controls for each plant, in 48 premises recognized under the Regulation (CE 854/2004, among those, 34 processing plants (cutting and processing of food of animal origin and 14 abattoirs. Data included in audit reports have been analyzed with Excel software, classifying detected non compliances (n.c. in 8 categories linked to specific food safety risk factors (structure, operative hygiene, personnel hygiene, pest control, temperature control, management of by-products, traceability, HACCP/records. By the time of the audit 83% of the inspected premises showed structural n.c.; structural aspects are the most critical point (121 n.c. out of 264, followed by operative hygiene (25% of total n.c. and pest control (13.6%. By the time of the second audit series, however, occurred a significant reduction of n.c. in both processing plants and abattoirs, falling from 264 to152, with a reduction of n.c. detection of more than 40%. The best response capacity among operators is related to pest control and HACCP plan/records. The audit procedure implemented, a part from providing a comprehensive and objective evaluation method of the food safety management system put in place by the operators, allowed, if compared to former procedures, a more objective and comprehensive evaluation of the n.c. trend and therefore of the food safety risk factors, estimating the efficacy of the control activity.
Implementación de una estrategia fuzzy adaptativa para el control activo de vigas vibratorias
Francisco Ernesto Moreno-García; José Armando Becerra-Vargas; Edwin Martín Cárdenas-Contreras
2014-01-01
Este trabajo propone un control activo de vibraciones en un sistema mecánico tipo viga en voladizo, utilizando un controlador fuzzy implementado en LabVIEW. Para la etapa de medición se utiliza un acelerómetro capacitivo capaz de detectar el desplazamiento presentado en la estructura debido a una fuerza generada mediante un impactador instrumentado con un sensor piezorresistivo. Para la implementación computacional es utilizado el software LabVIEW operando en conjunto con una tarjeta de adqui...
Cevallos Tixi, Miguel Angel; Huiracocha Salavarría, Carlos Andrés
2015-01-01
En la actualidad en el sector industrial ecuatoriano se pueden encontrar diversos sistemas de control y mando, así como también diferentes fabricantes de equipos utilizados para los procesos automatizados y con ello aumentar la productividad y realizar la reducción de los costos y mejoras de tiempos de producción. La UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA está determinada a ofrecer a sus estudiantes una excelente educación, además de impartir el conocimiento de los sistemas modernos y actualiza...
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José A. Avellaneda González
2012-05-01
Full Text Available En este documento se realiza un control difuso para un convertidor, que tiene un comportamiento no lineal. A continuación se detalla el procedimiento realizado para llegar al controlador óptimo de acuerdo al desempeño ISE (Integral Square Error.
Construcción y validación del Inventario Autoeficacia Percibida para el Control de Peso
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Yelitze Román
2007-01-01
Full Text Available Se presenta la construcción y propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Autoeficacia Percibida para el Control del Peso, destinado a medir la autoeficacia percibida en tres áreas del control del peso: estilo de alimentación, influencia de los estímulos externos en la conducta de sobreingesta y patrones de actividad física. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, encuesta de opinión y consulta a 4 expertos en el área, se elaboraron 120 ítems. En una muestra de 193 estudiantes se seleccionaron 37 ítems sobre la base de criterios estadísticos. Se realizaron estudios de fiabilidad y validez en una muestra de 439 estudiantes. El análisis factorial muestra 3 factores que explican el 44,083% de la varianza. Los índices de consistencia interna son satisfactorios para cada factor: 0,88, 0,91, y 0,88. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten y se presentan algunas sugerencias para futuros estudios.
Annalaura, Carducci; Giulia, Davini; Stefano, Ceccanti
2013-01-01
Risk analysis is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to manage production processes, validation activities, training, and other activities. Several methods of risk analysis are available (for example, failure mode and effects analysis, fault tree analysis), and one or more should be chosen and adapted to the specific field where they will be applied. Among the methods available, hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) is a methodology that has been applied since the 1960s, and whose areas of application have expanded over time from food to the pharmaceutical industry. It can be easily and successfully applied to several processes because its main feature is the identification, assessment, and control of hazards. It can be also integrated with other tools, such as fishbone diagram and flowcharting. The aim of this article is to show how HACCP can be used to manage an analytical process, propose how to conduct the necessary steps, and provide data templates necessary to document and useful to follow current good manufacturing practices. In the quality control process, risk analysis is a useful tool for enhancing the uniformity of technical choices and their documented rationale. Accordingly, it allows for more effective and economical laboratory management, is capable of increasing the reliability of analytical results, and enables auditors and authorities to better understand choices that have been made. The aim of this article is to show how hazard analysis and critical control points can be used to manage bacterial endotoxins testing and other analytical processes in a formal, clear, and detailed manner.
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Justino Regalado-Pineda
2008-01-01
Full Text Available El tabaquismo, como la primera causa de muerte prevenible en el mundo, impone la implementación de políticas públicas acordes a la dimensión el problema. El Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT de la Organización Mundial de la Salud establece una guía para este propósito. El solo hecho de haber firmado y ratificado el convenio no garantiza la consecución de los objetivos centrales, su éxito depende del compromiso y de las acciones implementadas por cada uno de los países que lo han adoptado. Es necesaria la construcción de las capacidades necesarias para el desarrollo de políticas sustentables de control del tabaco. La "capacidad nacional" consiste en el desarrollo de recursos humanos expertos y la creación de una estructura de ingeniería organizacional que le dé sustento a los programas sobre los que operará la implementación del tratado. La creación de la Oficina Nacional para el Control del Tabaco (ONCT permitirá fortalecer las acciones del Gobierno Federal encaminadas a la aplicación de políticas públicas de acuerdo con los lineamientos del CMCT de manera sustentable y permanente. En este ensayo se plantea la importancia de la ONCT para la implementación de políticas públicas para el control del tabaco, las funciones que desempeñará y los objetivos a mediano y largo plazo.Tobacco smoking as the first cause of preventable dead in the world requires the implementation of proper public policies. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC sets the basis for this purpose at the national level. But the successful implementation of FCTC depends on a series of actions of every single member of the convention for the development of National Capacity. Building capacity implies the construction of human resources and organizational engineering or "institutional building" in order to enforce and guarantee the Plan of Action for the implementation of FCTC. The creation of the National Office for Tobacco
Control difuso para el seguimiento de guiñada del AUV Cormorán
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Julián González
2015-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta en detalle el diseño de un control difuso para el seguimiento de guiñada de un vehÃculo autónomo submarino. Este control está desarrollado a partir de la descripción matemática del modelo hidrodinámico del vehÃculo, que se estudia y discute bajo diferentes situaciones de velocidad de avance o cambios en la referencia de guiñada. Se linealiza el modelo matemático y se estudian diferentes controles lineales que son diseñados para actuar en situaciones concretas, de forma que el control difuso se encargue de manejar dichos controles de manera global. Abstract: This work presents in detail the fuzzy control design for yaw tracking of an autonomous underwater vehicle. This control has been developed from the mathematical description of the hydrodynamic model of the vehicle, which is studied and discussed from different situations both in surge velocity as in changes in yaw reference. The model is linearized and several linear controls are designed for their actuation at certain situations, in a way that the fuzzy control allows to handle those controls globally. Palabras clave: fuzzy control, autonomous vehicles, linear control systems, mathematical models, continuous path control, Keywords: fuzzy control, autonomous vehicles, linear control systems, mathematical models, continuous path control.
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Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo
2012-01-01
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To identify the nursing diagnosis, readiness for enhanced self-health management, among people with type 2 diabetes who are adherent to pharmacological treatment. METHODS: The sample consisted of 579 subjects from 12 primary care services who received home visits. To determine adherence to the pharmacological treatment, the pill count test was conducted. Those classified as adherent were given a checklist with the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis, readiness for enhanced self-health management. RESULTS: Subjects with type 2 diabetes who presented with the nursing diagnosis were not alcoholics (p = 0.003, did not miss their diabetes consultations (p = 0.000, and had no difficulties / inappropriate behaviors with regard to taking their oral antidiabetic agents (p = 0.000. CONCLUSION: The identification of human responses to the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes should be continuous, so that nurses can understand the factors involved in the readiness to enhance therapeutic control.OBJETIVO: identificar el diagnóstico de enfermería disposición para el control aumentado del régimen terapéutico entre personas con diabetes tipo 2 adheridas al tratamiento farmacológico. MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo constituida por 579 sujetos de 12 servicios de atención primaria que recibieron visitas domiciliarias. Para determinar la adhesión al tratamiento farmacológico fue realizado el test del recuento de comprimidos. En aquellos clasificados como adherentes se aplicó un check list con las características definidoras del diagnóstico de enfermería disposición para el control aumentado del régimen terapéutico. RESULTADOS: Los sujetos con DM 2 que presentaron el diagnóstico de enfermería estudiado no eran etílicos (p=0,003, no faltaban a las consultas para DM 2 (p=0,000 y no tenían dificultades/comportamientos inadecuados en la toma de los antidiabéticos orales (p=0,000. CONCLUSIÓN: La identificación de respuestas
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J.C. Fraile
2008-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen: En los sistemas de cirugía ortopédica asistida por ordenador (CAOS, el taladrado del hueso en la reparación de fracturas de huesos largos (para estabilizarlos con placas, clavos o tornillos es una tarea compleja que el cirujano debe realizar con gran precisión, evitando el calentamiento excesivo del tejido óseo. En la cirugía asistida por robots, se han utilizado principalmente robots industriales (Robodoc, Caspar, Crigos adaptados a ambientes quirúrgicos para ayudar al cirujano en esta tarea. En esta tarea de taladrado de huesos es necesario tener en cuenta varios factores: temperatura del hueso, velocidades de giro y avance de la herramienta de taladrado y fuerzas y pares que actúan sobre el hueso durante su taladrado.Es fundamental el desarrollo de algoritmos de control del robot manipulador para garantizar que las distintas variables que intervienen en el proceso de taladrado tomen los valores adecuados, bajo el control del cirujano, y así lograr una mayor calidad y precisión en la tarea quirúrgica de taladrado del hueso.Desafortunadamente, la mayoría de los robots industriales tienen una arquitectura de control propietaria que impide una fácil implantación de algoritmos de control externos basados en realimentación multisensorial (visión, fuerza.En este artículo se presenta el diseño de una arquitectura de control distribuido y abierto, que se ha implantado sobre el controlador de un robot Staubli. En ella se ha desarrollado una estrategia de control basada en realimentación de fuerza, que permite al cirujano realizar la tarea quirúrgica de taladrado del hueso con elevada precisión. Durante el taladrado con el robot, las fuerzas y pares que actúan sobre el hueso son medidos y utilizados para controlar la velocidad de avance de la herramienta de taladrado, y para controlar la fuerza aplicada al hueso. Se han obtenido resultados experimentales en condiciones de laboratorio con el manipulador equipado con un
Study on Food Quality and Safety Management Based on Hotel Management
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Shi Zengye
2017-12-01
Full Text Available In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of food safety problems, people have begun to pay attention to food safety, especially the food safety of hotels. This paper proposed a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP management system to analyze food safety issues of hotels in order to improve the food quality and safety in hotel management. Through the practical application of the HACCP management system in the hotel catering industry, it was found that the amount of bacteria greatly reduced and the pass rate of tableware disinfection increased significantly in the hotel's food processing links, while customer satisfaction greatly improved. Therefore, the HACCP management system had great applicability in improving the food quality and safety of hotels.
Zajištění kvality v technologii výroby piva
POLANECKÝ, Lukáš
2011-01-01
The subject of the Bachelor thesis "Ensuring quality in beer production technology" is a quality management system according to standard 9000 and food safety management system according to ISO 22000, a system of critical control points (HACCP) and legislative requirements and regulations. The work describes the characteristics of the above systems. The paper also documents the basic characteristics of the raw materials for beer production and application of the HACCP system in the brewing ind...
Agricultural Bioterrorism: A Federal Strategy to Meet the Threat
2002-01-01
10,000—the price of a beer fermenter, a protein-based culture, a gas mask, and a plastic lab coat.30 Compounding the problem of ease of...deliberate food contamination by terrorists. In 1996, FSIS implemented the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point ( HACCP ) regulatory system. This...America. FSIS is expanding the HACCP program by undertaking a comprehensive farm- to-table approach to improve product safety at each step in the
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lagunas Mendoza, Javier
2004-11-15
the fuzzy supervisory controller were compared with a conventional controller. The results shows that the supervisory controller fulfills the three main objectives of the system operation: I) to reduce the fuel consumption of the back-up system, II) to reduce the depth of the discharge of the battery bank, and III) to keep fully charged the battery bank as much as possible in order to make a better use of the available free renewable energy sources. [Spanish] En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un controlador supervisorio difuso para un sistema hibrido de generacion electrica (SHGE). En este trabajo se definio la configuracion y los elementos que componen el SHGE a utilizar, producto de la revision de configuraciones de sistemas hibridos propuestas actualmente. La configuracion del SHGE incluye: arreglos fotovoltaicos y aerogeneradores como fuentes de generacion renovable, una maquina de combustion interna como sistema de respaldo, un banco de baterias como medio de almacenamiento de energia, cargas electricas en corriente alterna y un inversor CD/CA para poder alimentarlas. Tambien a partir de la configuracion propuesta se buscaron y seleccionaron los modelos matematicos de los diferentes elementos del sistema. Se llevo a cabo la validacion de los modelos a traves de la comparacion de la salida contra datos reales obtenidos en un SHGE instalado en Pachuca. Con los modelos se llevo a cabo el desarrollo de un programa de simulacion para un SHGE en Matlab. Se determino la funcion principal del controlador supervisorio dentro del SHGE. La funcion es satisfacer el o los objetivos de operacion del sistema. La filosofia de operacion del controlador supervisorio se definio a partir de la configuracion electrica propuesta y de los objetivos de operacion del sistema. Por lo que respecta al desarrollo del controlador supervisorio, se llevo a cabo una revision de los controladores supervisorios actuales que utilizan alguna tecnica de control inteligente. A partir de
UN NUEVO ENFOQUE DEL CONTROL POR MODO DESLIZANTE PARA SISTEMAS MULTIVARIABLES
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Rafael Angel Orellana Prato
2016-09-01
Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta el diseño de un sistema de control por modo deslizante (SMCr basado en alimentación adelantada (feedforward aplicado a un sistema multivariable, sintonizado para especificaciones de la respuesta transitoria, usando modelos de primer orden más tiempo muerto (POMTM. Como caso de estudio se presenta el modelo multivariable de dos entradas y dos salidas de una columna de destilación Wood and Berry, la cual presenta un alto índice de interacción. Las pruebas demostraron que la estrategia de control propuesta mejora el desempeño de un sistema de control multivariable ante cambios en los valores de referencia y rechazo a las perturbaciones, sin embargo, el tiempo de establecimiento de las variables controladas aumenta producto de dinámica considerada en el desacoplamiento. Se comprobó que en sistemas con alta interacción las señales de control tienen cambios más suaves lo que indica menor desgaste en los elementos finales de control.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Perez Guillen, Jesus Artemio
1997-12-31
This thesis presents a computational package for the dynamic analysis of synchronous generators and their controls in a machine - infinite bus system. The package is integrated by a graphic interface for Windows environment and several models for the different components of the generation system. The development of the graphic interface was carried out with object oriented programming under Windows environment, available from Borland C++, which generates a group of menus that integrates an environment of interactive and versatile simulation. The package contains mathematical models of third, fourth, fifth and sixth order for synchronous generators of round and salient poles. Several mathematical models for the excitation systems DC1A, AC1A and ST1A, according to the IEEE classification, are included. Models for thermal and hydraulic turbines with governor of speed are also included, as well as a mathematical model for the power system stabilizer and magnetic saturation on synchronous generators. Numerical methods like Euler, Modified Euler and Runge Kutta of second and fourth order are used to solve the characteristics differential equations of the system under study. Algorithms for graphic generation includes phasor diagram, capability and saturation curves for synchronous machine. Computer models are validated and sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to assess the ef ect of type of model for synchronous machine, excitation systems, power system stabilizer, magnetic saturation in the synchronous generator and different numerical methods of integration. The computational package is useful in teaching and research on the dynamic response of synchronous machines and their controls. [Espanol] En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un paquete computacional para el analisis dinamico de generadores sincronos y sus controles en el esquema de una unidad de generacion - bus infinito. El paquete esta integrado por una interfaz grafica para ambiente Windows y un
Plataforma virtual de péndulo sobre carro deslizante para la enseñanza del control automático
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Oscar Rodriguez D
2013-09-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de plataforma virtual para la enseñanza del control automático basado en el péndulo invertido sobre carro deslizante, el cual se desarrolla herramientas didácticas sobre un prototipo virtual, simulando el modelo no lineal en matlab y presentado en un entorno amigable basado en easy-java. Para el diseño de los controladores, se tienen en cuenta dos aspectos principales como los son el “swing up” (llevar el péndulo a posición vertical y el balanceo (mantener el péndulo en la posición vertical. La interfaz al usuario busca facilitar el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos de un sistema de control automático para estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado, buscando minimizar costos y tiempo en la enseñanza e implementación de sistemas de control.
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D.A Tibaduiza
2011-12-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se muestra el desarrollo e implementación de la lógica difusa como herramienta de control de posición para cada una de las articulaciones de un robot tipo PUMA. Se hace una descripción general del robot y se muestra el cálculo del volumen de trabajo, el cual es usado para la fuzzificación en el desarrollo del controlador. Finalmente es mostrado el desarrollo y la simulación del controlador usando la toolbox fuzzy de Matlab, así como la descripción de una implementación realizada en un PLC.In this article, the development and implementation of a fuzzy logic system as position control tool of each one of the joints in a PUMA robot is shown. A general description, which include general descriptions about the robot as workspace and therefore the development of the strategy of control with the definition of the rules in the fuzzification process is also included. Finally are shown the development and simulation of the controller using the fuzzy control toolbox of Matlab and the description of a implementation in a PLC.
Método para la Supervisión y Control de la Ejecución de Obras y Presupuesto. Caso de Estudio EMPAI
Orlando Cossío Ramírez; Leonardo Pozo Carbonell
2008-01-01
"La eficiencia económica" significa hacer bien las cosas desde la primera vez, y para lograrlo hace falta Control, que llevado a nuestra labor diaria es aplicar como esta establecido, los métodos de control de los trabajos de Construcción y Montaje en el Proceso Inversionista, dentro de los cuales se encuentran: 1. Control de Autor. 2. Supervisión o Control Técnico. A la creación de nuevos mecanismos de control o al perfeccionamiento de los existentes, para llevar a cabo el segundo m...
Evaluation of the Adequacy of GMP to Control Microbial Hazards in Dairy Factories in Fars Province
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Sajjad Abdi no
2016-07-01
Full Text Available Background and Objectives: Pre-requisite programs (PRPs are “primary conditions and requirements essential for HACCP operations, which are crucial in food safety programs”. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of implementation of PRPs on the microbial parameters of pasteurized milk (according to the National Standard of Iran. Effectiveness of HACCP operation requirements and efficiency of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP were also evaluated in control of the above-mentioned microbial parameters. Materials and Methods: According to the approved checklist of the Vice-chancellor in Food and Drug affairs, PRPs of 26 factories were evaluated from March 2014 to March 2015 in two-month intervals, and their total and component scores were obtained along with the microbial parameters of pasteurized milk. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs were used to determine the significance of total score and the impact of its components on controlling microbial hazards. Results: There was a reverse significant relation between the total scores of the PRPs and microbial hygiene indices (total and coliform count which approves the effectiveness of operating the programs in controlling the mentioned microorganisms. Efficiency of each pre-requisite program was different in controlling the microbial parameters. Good Laboratory Practice (GLP had a prominent effect on controlling of the index microorganisms of hygienic operations. Overall, the results showed a little probability of contamination with E. coli in the pasteurized milk samples of Fars Province for which the statistical analysis was ignored. Conclusions: The exact operation of PRPs resulted in reduction of microbial parameters in a way that increasing the total score of PRPs led to decrease in microbial parameters of total count (TC, coliforms, molds and yeasts. The findings further suggest the application of this checklist in evaluation and prediction of microbial parameters. Keywords
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Jhoana Patricia Romero Leiton
2018-04-01
Full Text Available En el presente artículo se presenta un análisis de un problema de control óptimo para la transmisión de la enfermedad de malaria en las poblaciones de humanos y mosquitos en el municipio Tumaco (Nariño, se consideró transmisión vectorial y vertical (madre-hijo de la enfermedad. Para la población humana el sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias es de tipo SEIR (Susceptible - Expuesto- Infectado -Recuperado, mientras que para la población de mosquitos es de tipo SI (Susceptible-Infectado, con población total variable. Las variables de control consideradas fueron: fumigación de interiores, uso de toldillos, tratamiento profiláctico durante el embarazo y tratamiento antimalárico; todas sujetas a una función de costo a minimizar. Estas variables de control fueron escogidas a partir de las propuestas realizadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS en cooperación con el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF, el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (UNDP y el Banco Mundial en 1998, a través del lanzamiento de la asociación para hacer retroceder el paludismo the Roll Back Malaria Global Partnership. Con las variables control se implementaron dos estrategias distintas: en la primera se suministró tratamiento profiláctico durante el embarazo así como tratamiento antimalárico, en la segunda aplicó las cuatro variables de control de manera simultánea. Las simulaciones numéricas del problema de control óptimo fueron realizadas usando datos la literatura consultada y del Sistema Nacional de vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA en el pacífico nariñense, durante el periodo comprendido entre finales del año 2000 y todo el año 2001, periodo en el cual se registró un crecimiento acelerado de casos de malaria en este municipio. Los resultados sugieren que para zonas rurales de Tumaco la estrategia más efectiva y menos costosa para controlar la malaria es la implementación de las cuatro
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Eudes Moacir Toscano Jr
Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver um estudo comparativo entre as atividades definidas no componenteauditoria e controle interno do Programa de Modernização do Controle Interno do Estado da Paraíba (Promocin - coordenado pela Secretaria do Controle da Despesa Pública (SCDP - e as diretrizes lançadas pelo processode reforma do Estado brasileiro para implantação do paradigma da administração pública gerencial no setor público. Esse paradigma aponta para um modelo de gestão do controle interno a posteriori, mais enfocado na avaliação dos resultados da aplicação dos recursos públicos do que no mero cumprimento das formalidades legaisaplicáveis às despesas públicas. O estudo foi realizado através de levantamentos bibliográficos e documentais acerca do tema, com o intuito de averiguar a consonância entre as atividades contempladas no Promocin e a tendência atual estabelecida pelos ventos da reforma do Estado para o perfil das entidades de auditoria e controle interno da esfera governamental. A pesquisa demonstrou a condição de vanguarda da Secretaria do Controle da Despesa Pública que, através do Promocin, vem procurando estabelecer ações de controle mais efetivas no processo de avaliação dos gastos públicos, possibilitando um considerável salto de qualidade nos serviços de auditoria interna no Poder Executivo estadual.
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Josefa Moreno Marí
2007-01-01
Full Text Available El objetivo del control de plagas urbanas es la mejora del bienestar de los residentes urbanos, la reducción de las enfermedades transmisibles, el mantenimiento de ambientes sanos, la creación de infraestructuras urbanas que reduzcan los riesgos, así como la reducción de la exposición a contaminantes biológicos, físicos y químicos y de sus efectos sobre la salud en el ambiente laboral y en la comunidad. En este sentido, y en relación con el control de plagas, es necesario diseñar programas de control adecuados contra aquellas especies que adquieren la consideración de plaga. Dadas las características de los ambientes urbanos en los que se produce una convivencia casi permanente entre el ser humano y estas especies animales, la adopción de un programa de lucha racional que permita reducir o eliminar la incidencia de estas plagas resulta imprescindible. Se analizan los criterios básicos para el diseño racional de programas de control que minimicen no sólo las consecuencias negativas que se derivan de las plagas, sino también los riesgos derivados de la aplicación de medidas para su control.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS TO THE PASTA PRODUCT
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Yulexis Meneses Linares
2016-10-01
Full Text Available The objective of this work is to combine the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP methodologies for the determination of risks that the food production represents to the human health and the ecosystem. The environmental performance of the production of pastas in the “Marta Abreu” Pasta Factory of Cienfuegos is assessed, where the critical control points determined by the biological dangers (mushrooms and plagues and the physical dangers (wood, paper, thread and ferromagnetic particles were the raw materials: flour, semolina and its mixtures, and the disposition and extraction of them. Resources are the most affected damage category due to the consumption of fossil fuels.
U.S. Department of Agriculture: Improving Management of Cross-Cutting Agricultural Issues
1991-03-01
Office HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point MBO management-by-objectives N&suLwc National Association of State and Land-Grant U...contamination in pork and sausage ; "• pesticide residues on produce, such as aldicarb on potatoes, and "* cyanide on grapes from Chile. According to the Centers...iiAccp to low -acid canned foods. As with canned foods, a successful HACCP system will require a joint effort by industry arnd gov- ernment. Several other
He, Zhan; Liu, Xuan; Li, Renjie
2008-01-01
Foodborne illnesses are a significant public health challenge in the world. Preventing foodborne disease in meat processing is an essential point to insure food safety and quality. HACCP systems currently are used for food processor to identify food safety hazards and prevent food is contaminated. By the introducing HACCP system into China in 1990s, Chinese government and enterprises have took more attention to control and monitoring the flow of food to insure food quality in processors. Meat...
Indicadores de risco para tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento: um estudo caso-controle
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Maria Cláudia da Cruz Pires
2015-09-01
Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo Considerando o envenenamento como o método mais utilizado para a tentativa de suicídio e a escassez de evidências nacionais sobre o tema, investigamos alguns possíveis indicadores de risco nesse tipo de tentativa. Métodos Estudo do tipo caso-controle em uma emergência geral de um hospital público, na cidade do Recife com 220 indivíduos, distribuídos em dois grupos de 110 pacientes cada, que estavam em tratamento, sendo o grupo casos os sobreviventes de tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento e os controles, sem história de intoxicação/envenenamento nem tentativa de suicídio, pareados por gênero e idade. Resultados O gênero feminino predominou na amostra (70,9%, com idade média de 29 anos; 73% declararam etnia branca ou morena; menos da metade vivia em convívio marital; a maioria tinha religião; ambos tinham poucos anos de estudo. Houve diferença significativa (p = 0,003 para dependência financeira entre os grupos, com chance 2,25 vezes maior para tentar suicídio entre os casos. Ter sofrido fatos traumáticos e abuso sexual na infância revelou diferença significativa. Conclusões Foram considerados indicadores de risco no grupo caso: estar em dependência financeira de terceiros, ter sofrido abuso sexual na infância, ideação suicida, histórico de transtorno mental na família, possuir algum transtorno mental e, principalmente, comorbidade(s psiquiátrica(s. No modelo de regressão, foi possível estimar uma chance de tentativa de suicídio por envenenamento de até 94,0% na presença conjunta de quatro fatores. A pesquisa representa uma das primeiras iniciativas para ampliação das discussões sobre os fatores de risco para tentativa de suicídio em âmbito nacional.
Estabilidad para un control borroso en modo deslizante aplicado a un robot paralelo neumático
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Pablo J. Prieto
2015-10-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Se presenta un controlador borroso tipo Mamdani basado en técnicas en modo deslizante para el posicionamiento de un robot paralelo neumático de dos grados de libertad (2 GDL. Es probado que el sistema es asintóticamente estable en el sentido de Lyapunov y se presentan resultados numéricos y experimentales. Ma's aún, el controlador diseñado puede ser aplicado en control de trayectoria al ser retroalimentadas la velocidad y la aceleración del sistema. Se presentan adema's resultados satisfactorios obtenidos en forma experimental para el caso de seguimiento de trayectoria. Abstract: In this paper is reported a Mamdani type fuzzy controller based on sliding mode techniques applied to the regulation of a 2 DOF pneumatic parallel robot. Is is proved that the system is stable in Lyapunov sense, and numerical and experimental results are reported. Moreover, the designed controller can be applied to tracking control if speed and acceleration from the system are feedbacked. Also are reported satisfactory experimental results for the tracking case. Palabras clave: Control borroso, Control de robot, Estabilidad de Lyapunov, Modos deslizantes., Keywords: Fuzzy control, Robot control, Lyapunov stability, Sliding mode.
Escala do controle da ação para o diagnóstico de desempenho em estudantes de Enfermagem
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Elen Martins da Silva Castelo Branco
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Pesquisa quantitativa que objetivou verificar a pertinência da Teoria do Controle da Ação para a identificação do risco para desempenho insatisfatório no planejamento dos cuidados preventivos para úlceras por pressão. A orientação ação-estado trata das diferenças individuais e da capacidade de regular as emoções, cognições e atitudes para concluir as ações intencionais. Para a coleta dos dados, o Instrumento de Avaliação Discente e o Questionário HAKEMP 90, derivado da referida teoria, foram aplicados em 46 estudantes da Graduação em Enfermagem. A análise evidenciou sensibilidade elevada (0,84 para o diagnóstico do risco para desempenho insatisfatório e especificidade elevada (0,90 para a detecção da ausência do risco. Os resultados recomendam o questionário HAKEMP 90 como recurso diagnóstico, por identificar elementos essenciais para a formação do enfermeiro, como a aprendizagem ativa, a regulação dos processos cognitivos e a relevância dos cuidados fundamentais de enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar.
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Malaquias Batista Filho
1993-06-01
Full Text Available Os autores descrevem e analisam o papel do setor saúde nos programas de controle das principaiss endemias carenciais, revisando os fundamentos teóricos e estabelecendo possíveis estimativas de reversão para os diversos problemas nutricionais considerados. O artigo representa uma contribuição para a análise das alternativas setoriais elaboradas em função das metas da Organização das Nações Unidas (Unicef - OMS - FAO para o ano 2000, entre as quais figuram a redução do baixo peso ao nascer (abaixo de 2.500 gramas para menos de 10%, a diminuição em 1/3 das anemias, o decréscimo de 50 na prevalência de desnutrições moderada e grave em crianças, e o controle virtual da hipovitaminose A e do bócio iodoprivo.The authors describe and analyze the health sector's role in relation to ways of controlling major endemic nutritional deficiencies by reviewing the theoretical groundwork and establishing possible regression estimates for the various nutritional problems under study. The article is a contribution to the analysis of sectorial alternatives elaborated according to United Nations goals (UNICEF - WHO - FAO for the year 2000. Among these goals, we stress reduction of the proportion of low birth weight (less than 2500 grams to less than 10%; reduction of anemia cases to one-third of present cases; a reduction of 50% in prevalence of moderate and severe cases of malnutrition and the virtual control of vitamine A and iodine deficiencies.
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Jorge Enrique Villamil
2015-12-01
Full Text Available En Colombia las pérdidas ocasionadas por Moniliophthora roreri Cif & Par en el cultivo de cacao, son considerables y los métodos de control tradicional no son suficientes. Para el manejo de la enfermedad el control biológico, surge como alternativa económicamente viable y ambientalmente sostenible. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el control de Moniliophthora roreri mediante parámetros de incidencia y severidad, utilizando aislamientos nativos y cepas comerciales de Trichoderma spp., en combinación con prácticas culturales (PC. Se evaluaron diez tratamientos, los cuales resultaron de combinar prácticas culturales, productos biológicos comerciales, aislamientos nativos de hongos y funguicidas de síntesis química. Para la evaluación, se empleó un diseño completamente aleatorio (DCA con cuatro repeticiones, para un total de 40 UE cada una compuesta por una planta del clon TCS01 (Theobroma CORPOICA la Suiza 01. Se hizo inoculación dirigida al dosel, utilizando una concentración de 1,2, 1,5 y 2,9 x107 UFC.g-1 para aislamientos nativos y 2,0 y 5,0 x108 UFC.g-1 para cepas comerciales. Se evaluó incidencia y severidad externa en los frutos durante 25 semanas. Los resultados indicaron que los frutos inoculados con el tratamiento T7 (P.C + Safer soil ®W.P y T4 (P.C + mezcla Trichoderma H20, H3, H5, presentaron los menores porcentajes de incidencia y severidad externa y los mayores rendimientos de cosecha sin diferencias significativas respecto al control químico y regional, representando una alternativa promisoria para la producción de cacao en la subregión occidental de Boyacá.
Modelo de Sistema de Control de Prótesis de Rodilla Transfemoral para un Ciclo de Marcha
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Filiberto Fernández Castañeda
2012-06-01
Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un modelo para el sistema de control de una prótesis de rodilla, para un ciclo de marcha humana. El modelo es simulado a través de herramientas computacionales como el Simulink y SimMechanics, en este caso, considerando el modelo biomecánico del péndulo doble como una representación de la pierna humana y basada en los parámetros del antropométricos. A través del análisis y estudio de la marcha humana normal se desarrolla un método de control e identificación de las fases del ciclo de marcha humana, para actuar en la articulación de la rodilla con empleo de una prótesis transfemoral. Entre los principales resultados, se destaca el logro de un control preciso de la posición durante la flexión de la rodilla, que le confiere un desarrollo del proceso de marcha con la prótesis muy similar a la marcha normal.
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J. M Aparicio
Full Text Available El estudio se realizó en la Empresa Pecuaria Bacuranao, del municipio Habana del Este (provincia La Habana, Cuba, con el objetivo de establecer una estrategia para la prevención y el control de intoxicaciones naturales por plantas fotosensibilizantes en bovinos. Para esto se realizó un diagnóstico presuntivo sobre fotosensibilización, mediante el inventario florístico de las plantas presentes en el pastoreo y con el uso del método clínico. Se identificaron diversas plantas productoras de fotosensibilización hepatógena en los animales, con destaque para Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Lantana camara L., Crotalaria retusa L. Crotalaria incana L. y Crotalaria spectabilis Roth. A través del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SIVE, mediante cuadrantes y cuadrículas, se determinó la densidad de bovinos por cuadrante, las áreas con mayor incidencia de ese tipo de plantas y los animales con dermatitis. En la evaluación del riesgo relativo (RR con y sin la presencia del sol y en relación con el consumo de forraje verde, se encontró que los animales expuestos al sol y los que consumieron forraje tuvieron 1,85 y 3,17 veces más incidencia respectivamente de signos clínicos relacionados con la dermatitis fotodinámica hepatógena, con mayores niveles para los que ingirieron la planta tóxica A. houstonianum Mill junto con el forraje. A partir de estos resultados se elaboró un plan de medidas generales y específicas para el control de la toxicosis en las áreas contaminadas con estas plantas. Se concluye que el empleo del SIVE, el censo botánico, los tratamientos de sostén a animales con síntomas severos y las medidas de manejo y alimentación pueden mejorar la eficacia en el control de la toxicosis y, a su vez, la protección de los animales en riesgo.
Garaicoa Camacho, Francisco; Edith Rada, Rosa
2009-01-01
El desarrollo de esta tesis contempla el diseño de un sistema para el control estadístico del proceso de producción en una empresa enlatadora atún, empleando herramientas estadísticas para elevar la calidad de la empresa y mediante la utilización de un software facilitando el proceso de análisis y almacenamiento de resultados. En su primera parte se determina un marco teórico sobre el control de calidad, control estadístico del proceso, ciclo de deming y las herramientas estadísticas para...
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Luis Felipe Sexto
2001-04-01
Full Text Available El trabajo presenta una serie de aspectos medulares a tener en cuenta para atenuar el efecto de la contaminación sonora enambientes industriales. Propone un perfil de enfrentamiento que, en su conjunto, se ha dado en llamar Control Pasivo deRuido (CPR. Entre los elementos que se analizan están los descriptores de ruido necesarios, la determinación de lostiempos de exposición límites, el aislamiento de las vibraciones, el programa de control, la utilidad de las pantallas yencapsulamientos acústicos, , entre otros aspectos. Se exponen, con especial énfasis, los criterios para la selección efectivade los dispositivos para la protección auditiva. Además, se plantea un enfoque que vincula la estrategia de Control Pasivode Ruido como parte de una concepción más amplia que es considerada en la consecuente aplicación de una política demantenimiento eficaz. Tal relación constituye el punto de partida para asegurar la salud del personal, el buenfuncionamiento de los equipos, la seguridad operacional, y con ello, la disminución del alcance nefasto de la contaminaciónacústica en ambientes industriales.Palabras claves: Ruido, contaminación, mantenimiento, seguridad, salud, control pasivo._____________________________________________________________________AbstractThe work presents a series of important aspects to keep in mind in order to attenuate the effect of the sound contaminationin industrial environment. A confrontation profile is provided, which has been called Passive Control of Noise (CPR.Among the analyzed elements are: the determination of time exhibition limits, the vibration isolation, the utility of screensand acoustic capsule, the control program, and other aspects. With special emphasis are exposed the approaches for theeffective selection of the devices for auditive protection. An aproach is stated that links the strategy of Passive NoiseControl as part of a wider conception that is considered in the consequent application
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Camila Santos Teixeira
2017-04-01
Full Text Available O ácaro rajado é considerado uma importante praga agrícola, causando danos em diferentes cultivos. O controle à base de acaricidas químicos pode vir a causar problemas ambientais e à saúde do homem. Desta forma o uso de óleos essenciais obtidos de produtos botânicos é uma alternativa no controle de pragas por apresentar baixo efeito residual, sendo objetivo deste trabalho avaliar a mortalidade e o efeito na fertilidade de fêmeas adultas de Tetranychus urticae submetidas a tratamentos com óleos essenciais de laranja doce e limoneno, fornecidos pela empresa Ferquima Indústria e Comércio LTDA., e pela empresa Pack Indústria e Comércio de Produtos Agropecuários LTDA., respectivamente. Para avaliar a ação fumigante do óleo essencial sobre os ácaros foram realizados testes submetendo fêmeas adultas de T. urticae à dose pura do óleo essencial utilizando as dosagens de 5, 15 e 25 µL em câmaras de fumigação. Após o período de exposição ao óleo foi contabilizado o número de ácaros mortos e a quantidade de ovos depositados. Os resultados não foram significativos para mortalidade e para fertilidade de fêmeas adultas de T. urticae.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Perez V, Jesus B; Robles G, Saul; Villa M, Hector A; Cabanillas L, Rafael E [Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico)
2000-07-01
In this work the development of an interactive software, visible over the World Wide Web, is presented to support the basic calculation required to control the solar gain inside buildings and houses. The site has two main parts: one part describes in a very required parameters to design devices for the control of the illumination inside the buildings, like overhangs and wingwalls for shading. The other part has the routines and procedures to calculate the sun position for any date and position over the earth, and the horizontal and vertical protection angles. The part to implement the calculations has been developed as a Java applet which can run on any platform and let the users, in an interactive way, to get the results. This software makes possible that any Internet user can run the application from his/her own computer without having to compile of use sophisticated procedures as it happens with traditional languages. With this web site it is intended to cover the necessity of having simple and reliable means for architects and civil engineers to support the use of solar energy and the saving of energy in bioclimatic design of buildings. [Spanish] En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un sitio interactivo visible en el World Wide Web (WWW) que pretende servir de apoyo para los calculos basicos de control de asoleamiento en viviendas y edificios. El sitio esta conformado por dos partes principales: una parte cubre el aspecto informativo, donde en forma sencilla y clara, se explican los conceptos y parametros necesarios para disenar los dispositivos de control, alerones y parteluces. La otra parte contiene los procedimientos y las rutinas de calculo para la determinacion de la posicion solar para cualquier fecha del ano desde cualquier punto sobre la tierra, asi como los angulos de sombreado vertical y horizontal. Para la realizacion de los calculos se ha construido un applet de Java, el cual puede ejecutarse desde cualquier plataforma de computacion y
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Highor de Souza Rizzi
2017-03-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o Sistema para Controle de Normas Complementares, desenvolvido para o núcleo de informática do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, campus de Alegre, com o intuito de digitalizar, cadastrar e gerenciar as atividades complementares exercidas pelos alunos do campus. Atualmente, este processo é feito manualmente, utilizando recursos exclusivamente físicos, sendo potencialmente vulneráveis à ações do meio. Recursos físicos, tais como papel, pastas, entre outros, são frágeis e estão sujeitos a perda por mal manuseio, ações do tempo e principalmente não podem ser acessados por mais de um individuo simultaneamente. A solução proposta dispõe de um modelo de software baseado na arquitetura cliente servidor, disponível na web, e contemplará metodologias e técnicas computacionais para suportar e usufruir dos mais recentes recursos informáticos disponíveis atualmente.
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Sergio Alexander Salinas
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Este artículo presenta el modelado matemático y estructural, la simulación por computador y el control por par calculado del robot para cirugía laparoscópica ‘LapBot’, que ha sido desarrollado en el Grupo de Investigación de Automática Industrial de la Universidad del Cauca, Colombia. Inicialmente se muestra un resumen de los principales robots utilizados como asistentes para cirugías de laparoscopia en el mundo, y de cómo tratan ellos el problema del paso por la incisión practicada en la cavidad abdominal. Con base en lo anterior se describen los requerimientos que deben cumplir los robots de este tipo y a partir de éstos se diseña el robot LapBot. Se muestra el modelo cinemático y dinámico del robot LapBot, así como el modelo de la restricción espacial que representa el punto de incisión abdominal. Se implementa una estrategia de control basada en el modelo del robot (control por par calculado. Diversas trayectorias en un plano y en un espacio de tres dimensiones son utilizadas para validar tanto el modelo como el controlador.This paper presents the mathematical and structural model, simulation and computed torque control of the LapBot robot, developed by the Group of Investigation of Industrial Automatics, of the University of Cauca, Colombia. First, a summary of the principal surgery assistant robots of the world is presented, and how they solve the problem of passing through the incision into the abdominal cavity. Based on this, the conditions that must be fulfilled by the robots of this type is exposed, and from these conditions the LapBot robot is designed. Its kinematics and dynamics model is shown, as well as the mathematical spatial restriction that incision represents. A control strategy based on the model (computed torque control is implemented. Several trajectories defined in a plane and in a three dimensions space are used to validate the model and the control.
Šímová, Markéta
2014-01-01
The objective of my final thesis is to ascertain the occurence of the most frequent risks during production of beer and the aplication of risk analysis methods in concrete brewery. The text deals with description of risk analysis and is aimed on HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points). The outcome of the text is to evaluate starting position of HACCP in concrete brewery and to make suggestion of improvements. Furthermore, there is a comparision with other and much bigger brewery i...
Study on Food Quality and Safety Management Based on Hotel Management
Shi Zengye
2017-01-01
In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of food safety problems, people have begun to pay attention to food safety, especially the food safety of hotels. This paper proposed a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) management system to analyze food safety issues of hotels in order to improve the food quality and safety in hotel management. Through the practical application of the HACCP management system in the hotel catering industry, it was found that the amount of bacteria...
[Microbiological verification of a self control plan for a hospital food service].
Torre, I; Pennino, F; Crispino, M
2006-01-01
During the past years, it has been an increment of food related infectious diseases. In order to avoid micro biological food contamination, adherence to good manufacturing is required through control measures of food safety practices. Updated national and European regulations underline the need to apply the HACCP system, overcoming the old concept of sample control on the end user product. This work shows results of microbiological controls made along the whole productive chain. Measurements are made using biomolecular techniques (PFGE) in order to assess the management of the micro biological risk of the self control plan applied to a hospital food service of Naples. The use of the PFGE applied on some micro-organisms gram negative potentially pathogen, underlines the circulation, continued in time, of these micro-organisms within the cooking area. In addition, cross contamination between several matrixes of samples has been detected.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sajet, A.S.
2014-01-01
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a preventive system for food safety. It identifies safety risks faced by food. Identified points are controlled ensuring product safety. Because of presence of many of the pathogenic microorganisms and parasites in food which caused cases of food poisoning and many diseases transmitted through food, the current methods of food production could not prevent food contamination or prevent the growth of these pathogens completely because of being a part of the normal flora in the environment. Irradiation technology helped to control diseases transmitted through food, caused by pathological microorganisms and parasites present in food. The application of a system based on risk analysis as a means of risk management in food chain, demonstrated the importance of food irradiation. (author)
Musicoterapia na promoção da saúde: contribuindo para o controle do estresse acadêmico
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Graziela França Alves Panacioni
2012-05-01
Full Text Available Esta pesquisa, com metodologia quali e quantitativa, teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da Musicoterapia no controle do estresse de um grupo de graduandos e pós-graduandos e verificar o efeito da Musicoterapia na qualidade de vida desses sujeitos. No processo musicoterapêutico trabalhou-se estratégias de enfrentamento ao estresse, tais como: fortalecimento da autoestima, diminuição da ansiedade, organização do tempo, definição de metas de vida e melhora nas relações intra e interpessoais. Os resultados evidenciam que a Musicoterapia pode contribuir para a promoção da saúde, controle do estresse e para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos acadêmicos. Concluiu-se que a inserção do musicoterapeuta em programas multiprofissionais voltados para o atendimento de acadêmicos pode colaborar para a construção de uma universidade mais saudável.
A NEW TOOL FOR OFFICIAL CONTROL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF AN AUDIT PROGRAM
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G. Vestrini
2013-02-01
Full Text Available The new EU regulation on feed and food confirm audit like the most important tool for valuating GMP and HACCP procedures on food premises. Authors describe planning and results of 2007 audit activities.
LabVIEW-based control software for para-hydrogen induced polarization instrumentation.
Agraz, Jose; Grunfeld, Alexander; Li, Debiao; Cunningham, Karl; Willey, Cindy; Pozos, Robert; Wagner, Shawn
2014-04-01
The elucidation of cell metabolic mechanisms is the modern underpinning of the diagnosis, treatment, and in some cases the prevention of disease. Para-Hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) enhances magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals over 10,000 fold, allowing for the MRI of cell metabolic mechanisms. This signal enhancement is the result of hyperpolarizing endogenous substances used as contrast agents during imaging. PHIP instrumentation hyperpolarizes Carbon-13 ((13)C) based substances using a process requiring control of a number of factors: chemical reaction timing, gas flow, monitoring of a static magnetic field (Bo), radio frequency (RF) irradiation timing, reaction temperature, and gas pressures. Current PHIP instruments manually control the hyperpolarization process resulting in the lack of the precise control of factors listed above, resulting in non-reproducible results. We discuss the design and implementation of a LabVIEW based computer program that automatically and precisely controls the delivery and manipulation of gases and samples, monitoring gas pressures, environmental temperature, and RF sample irradiation. We show that the automated control over the hyperpolarization process results in the hyperpolarization of hydroxyethylpropionate. The implementation of this software provides the fast prototyping of PHIP instrumentation for the evaluation of a myriad of (13)C based endogenous contrast agents used in molecular imaging.
LabVIEW-based control software for para-hydrogen induced polarization instrumentation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Agraz, Jose; Grunfeld, Alexander; Li, Debiao; Cunningham, Karl; Willey, Cindy; Pozos, Robert; Wagner, Shawn
2014-01-01
The elucidation of cell metabolic mechanisms is the modern underpinning of the diagnosis, treatment, and in some cases the prevention of disease. Para-Hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) enhances magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals over 10 000 fold, allowing for the MRI of cell metabolic mechanisms. This signal enhancement is the result of hyperpolarizing endogenous substances used as contrast agents during imaging. PHIP instrumentation hyperpolarizes Carbon-13 ( 13 C) based substances using a process requiring control of a number of factors: chemical reaction timing, gas flow, monitoring of a static magnetic field (B o ), radio frequency (RF) irradiation timing, reaction temperature, and gas pressures. Current PHIP instruments manually control the hyperpolarization process resulting in the lack of the precise control of factors listed above, resulting in non-reproducible results. We discuss the design and implementation of a LabVIEW based computer program that automatically and precisely controls the delivery and manipulation of gases and samples, monitoring gas pressures, environmental temperature, and RF sample irradiation. We show that the automated control over the hyperpolarization process results in the hyperpolarization of hydroxyethylpropionate. The implementation of this software provides the fast prototyping of PHIP instrumentation for the evaluation of a myriad of 13 C based endogenous contrast agents used in molecular imaging
Método fisicoquímico para el control de Pediculus humanus capitis
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C. Corredor
1994-03-01
Full Text Available La pediculosis humana causada por el ectoparásito Pediculus humanus capitis, ha sido exitosamente controlada utilizando como insecticida los alcoholes presentes en las bebidas etílicas (aguardiente. La acción ietal de los alcoholes de bebida sobre el parásito es atribuida al efecto neurotóxico, así como a su acción desnaturalizante de biomoléculas celulares. El tratamiento se hace cubriendo el cabello y todas las áreas del cuero cabelludo con una bolsa plástica desechable, fijada con cinta adhesiva, previo remojo con 15-50 ml de alcohol de bebida, de todo el cabello. La atmósfera circundante del parásito queda saturada de vapores etílicos, de agua y CO2, por un período de 30-60 minutos, lo cual es letal para huevos, larvas y adultos del insecto parásito. Se dan normas cautelosas para garantizar la acción insecticida de los alcoholes de bebida en el control de la pediculosis.
Ensayos en laboratorio para el control de floraciones algales mediante ultrasonido
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Luis A. Kieffer
2015-01-01
Full Text Available El mayor desarrollo de Cianobacterias generado por la eutroficación de ambientes acuáticos produce, además de afloramientos y compuestos con olores y sabores desagradables, liberación de metabolitos tóxicos. El desarrollo excesivo de algas también es problema para aguas que se pueden utilizar para consumo humano o procesos industriales, pero el tratamiento para su eliminación lleva a aumentos de los costos operativos. En este trabajo se analiza la utilización en laboratorio del ultrasonido como alternativa viable para controlar el desarrollo de algas, en particular de Cianobacterias. Los resultados obtenidos (utilizando una frecuencia de 20 kHz y una potencia de 9 W muestran que los organismos pertenecientes a las Clases Chrysophyceae, Euglenophyceae y Chlorophyceae fueron eliminados a los 5 minutos de exposición, y Raphidiopsis mediterranea dentro de los primeros 10 minutos, en tanto que, luego de 60 minutos, la reducción fue del 98% para M. aeruginosa y del 99% para Dolichospermum spiroides.
Una propuesta para la arquitectura informática del sistema de control de un edificio
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Triviño Barros, Gracián
2004-12-01
Full Text Available Nowadays, in order to perform the optimal installations automatic control, buildings structure incorporates a new kind of computers which are different from the desk computers dedicated to userâs personal tasks.These computers spread in the form of a network that is overlapped with the building structure in such a way that soon we shall speak about the computer omnipresence in the building.The building control system is considered in this paper as an intelligent agent. This means a control system provided with sensors and actuators to interact with its environment. This control system must develop its activity in order to get autonomously the programmed goals. A generic control building architecture is presented as a step towards the systematic development of control building systems.A project for the development of a software tool is also presented. This tool intends to support and make easy the programming of such kind of control systems. This project is been developed in the Department of Photonic Technology at Universidad Politécnica of Madrid.La necesidad de realizar un control automático óptimo de las instalaciones de un edificio ha provocado que un nuevo tipo de ordenadores, diferentes de los ordenadores de sobremesa que utilizan personalmente los habitantes del edificio, entren a formar parte de la arquitectura del propio edificio.Estos ordenadores se van extendiendo en forma de una red imbricada con la propia estructura del edificio de tal manera que pronto podremos hablar de la omnipresencia del ordenador en el edificio.En este trabajo se plantea el sistema de control del edificio como un agente inteligente, como un sistema que dotado de sensores para percibir su entorno, y de medios de actuación para modificarlo, realiza permanentemente ciertas operaciones de procesamiento de información y acciones sobre el propio edificio persiguiendo de manera autónoma alcanzar los objetivos para los que ha sido diseñado.Como un paso
Procesos moleculares patogénicos de la aterosclerosis y alternativas terapéuticas para su control
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Livan Delgado Roche
2012-06-01
Full Text Available La aterosclerosis es una enfermedad vascular crónica que afecta las bifurcaciones de las grandes arterias. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares asociadas a esta afección representan la primera causa de mortalidad en el mundo occidental. La fisiopatología de la aterosclerosis interrelaciona una serie de fenómenos moleculares y celulares complejos que aún no están del todo esclarecidos. Sin embargo, se han postulado algunas hipótesis para dar explicación a los procesos patogénicos que tienen lugar durante la aterogénesis. El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofrecer una actualización sobre los principales cambios moleculares que ocurren durante el inicio y progreso de esta enfermedad, así como las alternativas terapéuticas para su tratamiento y control. Para ello se realizó una revisión de publicaciones científicas en la base de datos MEDLINE durante los últimos 10 años. Se profundizó en la complejidad de dicha afección y se demostró que aún no existe una terapia totalmente eficaz para su tratamiento.
FOODBORNE VIRUSES AND FOOD HANDLERS TRAINING: A SPECIFIC PROJECT FOR OFFICIAL CONTROL
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
L. Tentenni
2009-12-01
Full Text Available The aim of this work is to describe the results of an official control project forwarded on the evaluation of prevention of foodborne viruses diseases. The authors describe the real diffusion of noroviruses and sapoviruses including their general features. The Official control carried out is focused on the valuation of specific prevention measures put in place by food business operators in order to avoid fecal-oral contaminations. Assessment on procedures on GMP, GHP and HACCP were followed by a specific valuation of food handlers training based on a questionnaire .The results show that in small and less developed food industries there is a lack in considering fecal-oral route contaminations and an important need of correct training aimed principally at improving knowledge of Good Hygienic Practices and contamination of food.
Desarrollo de un horno solar para el secado de plantas y vegetales usando control difuso
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Oscar G. Ibarra Manzano
2012-05-01
Full Text Available Recientemente, el aprovechamiento de la energía solar en el deshidratado de productos agrícolas se ha vuelto cada día más común debido a los altos rendimientos en los productos post-cosecha. La inversión en tecnologías propias para contribuir con los productores del sector agroalimentario es un factor importante para el desarrollo de las cadenas productivas de nuestro país. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un horno solar para el secado de plantas y vegetales utilizando control difuso. Este es un sistema térmicamente controlado que permite disminuir el tiempo de secado de varios días a unas horas. Se realizaron pruebas de secado usando flor de jamaica, en las cuales se pudo disminuir el tiempo de secado de cuatro días a aproximadamente 5 h. Se presentan tanto la parte de diseño conceptual, como resultados experimentales del mismo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten ver la viabilidad del diseño propuesto.Recently, the use of solar energy in the dehydration of agricultural products is becomingmore common as high yields in the post-harvest products. Investment in technologies forcontributing to the producers of food products is an important factor for the development ofthe productive chains of our country. This paper presents the development of a solar oven fordrying plants and vegetables using fuzzy control. This is a heat-controlled system that allowsdecreasing the drying time from several days to hours. Drying tests were conducted usingjamaica flower, which could decrease the drying time from four days to about 5 h. We presentboth the conceptual design of the experimental results. The results obtained allow us to seethe feasibility of the proposed design.
Principales enfermedades que afectan al cultivo del arroz en Ecuador y alternativas para su control
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dr. C. Hipólito Israel Pérez Iglesias
2018-04-01
Full Text Available En el mundo y en Ecuador el cultivo de arroz constituye uno de los rubros más importantes por el área cultivada que abarca, la producción que alcanza y el aporte alimentario que realiza. A nivel nacional, a pesar de contar con grandes extensiones de terrenos aptos y condiciones climáticas favorables para el cultivo se obtiene baja productividad, debido fundamentalmente a diferentes patologías que disminuyen la rentabilidad del productor arrocero. La investigación se desarrolló con la finalidad de elaborar un material científico mediante consulta de literatura actualizada, relacionado con las características, daños que provocan y medidas para el control de las principales enfermedades que pueden producir afectaciones al cultivo del arroz. En el país el cultivo es afectado principalmente por enfermedades producidas por hongos y virus, entre las que se destacan la quemazón, la cual se presenta en todas las zonas arroceras del país y es la que mayor afectación produce, además la pudrición de la vaina que se presenta de forma esporádica; mientras la Pudrición Negra se ha registrado en las principales provincias productoras (Guayas, Los Ríos y Manabí, además de El Oro; y en menor magnitud por bacterias y nematodos. El VHB y entorchamiento, son patologías producidas por virus que causan daños considerables. Para mantener un adecuado control fitosanitario de las plantaciones de arroz es conveniente, mantener un monitoreo constante de la incidencia de estas amenazas, con la finalidad de determinar el umbral económico de daños, encaminados a establecer controles en el momento oportuno y disminuir las pérdidas. Palabras clave: Cultivo del arroz, enfermedades, alternativas, manejo agrícola.
Procesamiento de ondas cerebrales con microprocesador ARM para control de coche teledirigido
Calderón Martínez, Daniel
2016-01-01
Este trabajo fin de grado trata sobre el procesamiento de las señales que produce el cerebro humano para utilizarlas y destinarlas a algún propósito. En este caso, dicho propósito es el control de un coche teledirigido de juguete. Mediante un dispositivo electrónico comercial, que realiza la función de BCI (Brain Computer Interface), se captan las ondas cerebrales haciendo uso de una electroencefalografía (EEG) y son enviadas a un microprocesador ARM vía bluetooth. El casco o sensor de ondas,...
Jorge Alexander Aponte Rodríguez; Darío Amaya Hurtado; Astrid Rubiano Fonseca; Vladimir Prada Jiménez
2010-01-01
Este artículo presenta el modelado, diseño y construcción de un cohete tipo aficionado de bajo costo, empleando un sistema de control activo por medio de una tobera móvil para lograr una mayor estabilidad. Se plantean los métodos y procedimientos utilizados en el experimento, desarrollando el análisis, simulación e implementación de un prototipo de control para lograr una trayectoria de vuelo.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jorge Alexander Aponte Rodríguez
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo presenta el modelado, diseño y construcción de un cohete tipo aficionado de bajo costo, empleando un sistema de control activo por medio de una tobera móvil para lograr una mayor estabilidad. Se plantean los métodos y procedimientos utilizados en el experimento, desarrollando el análisis, simulación e implementación de un prototipo de control para lograr una trayectoria de vuelo.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
João C. T. R. da Silva
2011-01-01
Full Text Available This work is a study of the implementation of a classical controller using a tuning method referred to as IMC (Internal Model Control and aimed at the reduction of electrical energy consumption by the appropriate relation between energy consumption and the cooling time with forced air. The supervisory system installed was able to manipulate the variable of frequency of the signal power of the exhaust fan engine (forced air module, to accelerate or decelerate the loss of heat from the product to be cooled by airflow variation that passes through the mass of the produce. The results demonstrated a reduction in energy consumption from 64% and an increase of only 8% in the cooling time to the system using PI/IMC (Proportional - Integral with IMC tuning method compared with the system in its operating nominal condition. This PI/IMC control may be implemented directly in a frequency converter, without the need to purchase a computer or PLC (programmable logic controller to run the dedicated application, increasing its economical viability.Este trabalho consiste no estudo da implementação de um controlador clássico utilizando o método de sintonia denominado por Controle de Modelo Interno, visando à redução do consumo de energia elétrica que decorra na adequada relação entre este consumo e o tempo de resfriamento do processo de resfriamento com ar forçado de produtos hortícolas. Para isto, o sistema supervisório instalado manipulou a variável de frequência do sinal de alimentação do motor de indução trifásico do exaustor (módulo de ar forçado, para acelerar ou desacelerar a perda de calor do produto a ser resfriado por intermédio da variação da vazão de ar que perpassava a massa deste produto. Obteve-se como resultado uma redução no consumo de energia elétrica de 64% e um acréscimo de apenas 8% no tempo de resfriamento para o sistema utilizando um controle proporcional e integral associado ao método de sintonia promovido
Incidence and control of Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Denmark
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Nørrung, Birgit; Andersen, Jens Kirk; Schlundt, Jørgen
1999-01-01
The Danish regulatory policy on Listeria monocytogenes in foods is based on the principles of HACCP and was developed using a health risk assessment approach. The Danish policy focuses examinations and criteria for L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and is based on a combination of inspection...
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Eduardo Palomar–Lever
2007-12-01
Full Text Available The basic ideas to design discrete algorithms used to calculate unmeasured mechanical or electrical variables, in order to control electrical motors in mechanical systems are presented. The main point of the paper is to simplify the algorithms by using a linear discrete time model without any variable limitations and to reduce the computing capacity requirements of the controller. Limited references, based on the discrete sliding mode for the exception of the influences of variable limitations, are proposed and designed. The main advantage of the controller presented in this paper is that a large control error does not bestow any problems. In such a case, the system always works in an area without the limitations. Original observation algorithms of both position and rotational velocity for exterior permanent magnet synchronous motors are designed. A computer simulation was performed and the results are presented, showing high dynamic accuracy.Se presentan las ideas básicas para diseñar algoritmos discretos para calcular las variables mecánicas o eléctricas, no medidas sino estimadas, para controlar motores eléctricos en sistemas mecánicos. El objetivo principal de este artículo es simplificar los algoritmos usando un modelo de tiempo discreto lineal sin ninguna limitación en las variables y reducir los requisitos de capacidad informática del controlador. Las referencias limitadas, basadas en el modo deslizante discreto para la excepción de las influencias de limitaciones de las variables, se proponen y diseñan. La ventaja principal del controlador presentada en este artículo es que un error de control grande no causa ningún problema. En dicho caso, el sistema trabaja siempre en un área sin limitaciones. Se diseñan los algoritmos de la observación originales de la posición y de la velocidad rotatoria para el imán permanente exterior de motores síncronos. Se llevó a cabo una simulación en computadora y se presentan los
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José María Parisi
Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo Describir los beneficios obtenidos a través de la cooperación Sur-Sur y Triangular, como una potencial herramienta para el fortalecimiento en el control de la calidad de los medicamentos en los Laboratorios Oficiales de Control de Medicamentos (LOCM de la Región de las Américas. Métodos Estudio descriptivo del proyecto para el fortalecimiento en el control de la calidad de los medicamentos en los LOCM de la Comunidad del Caribe (CARICOM. Resultados La capacitación fue desarrollada por profesionales de la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT de Argentina, a profesionales de Guyana, Jamaica, Surinam y Trinidad y Tobago. El proyecto contó con financiamiento del Fondo Argentino de Cooperación Sur-Sur y Triangular (FO.AR y coordinación de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS. Se revisaron los documentos de Buenas Prácticas de Laboratorio (BPL de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS y de la Red Panamericana para la Armonización de la Reglamentación Farmacéutica (Red-PARF y se fortaleció el área de controles físicos químicos, principalmente en relación a medicamentos para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, la malaria y el VIH/sida, todos de importancia estratégica para esos países. Conclusión Este tipo de colaboraciones permiten transferir experiencia, optimizar los recursos, armonizar procedimientos y regulaciones y reforzar capacidades en término de recursos humanos, y constituyen una herramienta valiosa en la reducción de las asimetrías que pudieron establecerse en diferentes áreas entre diferentes países de nuestra región.
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Parada, F.
2010-08-01
Full Text Available Two commercial resins were evaluated for the extraction of iron from a copper electrowinning solution. Both resins efficiently extract iron. TheMonophosphonic resin has a greater charge capacity than the Diphonix resin and the Diphonix resin shows faster kinetics. Experimental results of the interrupted test and tests with different particle size of resins have demonstrated that extraction kinetics is controlled by diffusion into the particle in both resins. A good agreement with Fick’s model for diffusion inside the particles confirms the proposed mechanism. Finally, temperature favors the process kinetics and its effect on the diffusion coefficient follows Arrhenius law, obtaining a value of 4,89 kcal/mol for theMonophosphonic resin and 4,94 kcal/mol for the Dphonix resin. The aforementioned values are close to typical values for the proposed diffusional control which are 6 to 10 kcal/mol.
Se evaluaron dos resinas comerciales para la extracción del hierro desde una solución de electro-obtención de cobre. Ambas resinas extraen en forma eficiente el hierro, pero se diferencian en que la resina Monophosphonic tiene una mayor capacidad de carga que la resina Diphonix, mientras que la Diphonix muestra una cinética más rápida. Los resultados de la prueba interrumpida y de las pruebas para determinar el efecto del tamaño de partícula permiten concluir que el control más probable para la cinética de extracción es por la difusión en la partícula en ambas resinas. Un buen ajuste al modelo de Fick para difusión en la partícula confirman el tipo de control propuesto. Finalmente, la temperatura favorece la cinética del proceso de extracción y su efecto en el coeficiente de difusión sigue la ley de Arrhenius obteniendo un valor para la energía de activación de 4,89 kcal/mol para la resina Monophosphonic y 4,94 kcal/mol para la resina Diphonix. Estos valores están cercanos al valor típico para el control propuesto que es de 6 a
Desenvolvimento de um ambiente de aprendizagem para o ensino de controle de processos
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André Pereira da Costa
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo construir um ambiente de aprendizagem para o ensino de Controle deProcessos, tornando-se um importante recurso didático que favorece o aprendizado dos graduandos do CursoSuperior de Tecnologia em Automação Industrial, no IFPB Campus Cajazeiras. Então, em nosso percursometodológico, utilizamos o software MATLAB, bem como sua linguagem de programação característica, paratornar viável a construção do ambiente. Tal software é bastante utilizado na área de Controle de Processos emdiversas pesquisas, contribuindo tanto para o desenvolvimento prático, pois possibilita que novos métodos decontrole sejam avaliados e empregados nas mais distintas situações, como também no campo educacional.Além disso, utilizamos os pêndulos simples e invertido como modelos mecânicos do simulador. Dentre osresultados obtidos, podemos mencionar a simplicidade de utilização e manipulação do ambiente, pois suainterface gráfica facilita a execução das simulações, de modo dinâmico, na qual o estudante de graduaçãopoderá configurar o sistema e o controlador, além de visualizar o resultado da simulação em um gráfico.
Centro de Control de Tierra para Colaboración de Vehículos Autónomos Marinos
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J.A. Bonache Seco
2017-12-01
donde la incorporación del operador en la supervisión y control de las maniobras de los vehículos es un requisito imprescindible para dar seguridad y confianza a la operación realizada. Finalmente, se presenta un caso de uso del Centro de Control de Tierra donde se realiza una maniobra de seguimiento entre dos vehículos autónomos de superficie.
Vargas Ttica, José Israel; Vargas Ttica, José Israel
2013-01-01
El objetivo principal del presente informe es proponer una planificación logística adecuada para el uso y control de explosivos en las actividades mineras con el fin de optimizar los recursos utilizados, basados en las proyecciones de labores (producción y avance) a trabajar del área de Planeamiento Mina y la utilización de indicadores para el control. Este objetivo se debe gracias a la problemática de no tener un adecuado control en el uso de explosivos sabiendo ciertas características qu...
Solution to food distribution; Shokuhin ryutsu solution
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Takahashi, K; Shimizu, T [Fuji Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
2000-05-10
The environment around the food industry has greatly changed these several years. It has become an important problem of enterprise management to structure a business model that can flexibly follow quality assurance based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP), safety securing, and changes in consumption behavior (individual liking and variety). With the theme narrowed down to food safety (industrial engineering [IE] and HACCP consulting frame) and distribution infrastructure from the standpoint of consumers (how to structure a supply chain management [SCM] system), this paper describes our activities for food distribution business. (author)
Validación de los métodos para control de calidad de los ingredientes activos en Fungirex crema
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Maikel Pérez Navarro
Full Text Available Introducción: Fungirex crema es un producto que contiene dos fármacos: ácido undecilénico y undecilenato de zinc en una base adecuada. Como se trata de un producto que no aparece en las monografías oficiales de las farmacopeas, se proponen métodos analíticos sencillos capaces de cuantificar los analitos de interés en la crema, útiles para la liberación de los lotes de crema recién elaborados. Objetivo: validar dos métodos volumétricos para control de calidad de los ingredientes activos presentes en Fungirex crema. Métodos: se propuso una volumetría de neutralización directa para cuantificar ácido undecilénico previa extracción del analito y la complejometría con EDTA para undecilenato de zinc. Atendiendo a la clasificación de ambos métodos en la categoría I, se realizó la validación de ambos métodos a través de los parámetros: especificidad, linealidad, exactitud, precisión y rango. Resultados: se corroboró la ausencia de interferencia de los restantes componentes de la matriz. Los criterios de aceptación establecidos para linealidad, exactitud y precisión se cumplieron satisfactoriamente para los dos métodos en estudio, por lo que fueron válidos en el rango de 50 a 150 % (método por volumetría de neutralización: 25,6-76,8 mg/g y método por complejometría: 111,1-333,3 mg/g. Conclusiones: los métodos volumétricos propuestos fueron lineales, precisos, exactos y específicos para realizar el control de calidad de Fungirex crema en base al contenido de ácido undecilénico y undecilenato de zinc.
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Alexandra Bedoya-Rojas
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Actualmente, existe un gran número de personas en el mundo que presentan amputación de miembros que son reemplazados usualmente por prótesis mecánicas. Por otro lado las prótesis electrómecanicas han venido tomando fuerza y son apoyadas por diferentes tipos de interfaces como las interfaces cerebro computador que han permitido mejorar la funcionalidad de estas, y a pesar de mostrar resultados representativos para el control de prótesis, aun es un campo abierto de investigación que busca mejorar su eficacia y eficiencia. En este estudio, se presenta una metodología de clasificación de señales electroencefalográficas (EEG para el control del movimiento de una prótesis de mano, basada en el sistema de inferencia neuro-difuso adaptativo (ANFIS aplicado a características obtenidas de la transformada wavelet (TW y los conjuntos difusos rough (FRS a señales EEG obtenidas en el sistema 10-10. De esta forma el rendimiento del sistema propuesto fue medido utilizando validación cruzada 70-30 con 30 repeticiones obteniendo un alto desempeño en términos de precisión, lo que significa que este modelo tiene potencial como clasificador en la detección de los cambios EEG para la generación de comandos para el control del movimiento de la mano
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Gustavo López V.
2011-05-01
Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia de una mezcla de Cipermetrina y Clorpirifós contra la mosca de los cuernos Haematobia irritans. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 24 novillas Holstein con infestación natural de moscas Haematobia irritans y se asignaron aleatoriamente a dos grupos, tratado y control, de 12 animales cada uno. El grupo tratado recibió el producto por aspersión en dilución 1:800, utilizando 1 litro por cada 100 kilos de peso. Se hicieron conteos de moscas antes del tratamiento y en los días 7, 14 y 21 post-aplicación para evaluar la eficacia del producto. Resultados. Los porcentajes de eficacia del producto fueron de 89.9, 97.4 y 99.5%, para los días 7, 14 y 21 post-tratamiento, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La mezcla de Cipermetrina y Clorpirifós resultó altamente eficaz contra la mosca de los cuernos Haematobia irritans y surge como una nueva alternativa para el control del parásito, especialmente donde se presente resistencia a las diferentes moléculas que contienen los productos comerciales.
75 FR 28763 - Permission To Use Air Inflation of Meat Carcasses and Parts
2010-05-24
... Point (HACCP) plans or Sanitation standard operating procedures (Sanitation SOPs) or other prerequisite... into their HACCP plans or Sanitation SOPs or other prerequisite programs. In addition, FSIS is... incorporate their air inflation procedures into their HACCP plans or Sanitation SOPs or other prerequisite...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Romo Millares, C. A. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1995-12-31
This paper presents the techniques and the control equipment for emissions in thermal stations that have the highest possibilities of being considered in the immediate future in the national energy panorama and the established frame for the environmental normativity. The pollutant compounds subject to revision are the nitrogen and sulfur oxides and unburned particles. [Espanol] Se presentan las tecnicas y equipos de control de emisiones para centrales termoelectricas que tienen mayores posibilidades de ser consideradas en el futuro inmediato dentro del panorama energetico nacional y el marco establecido por la normatividad ambiental. Los compuestos contaminantes sujetos a revision son los oxidos de nitrogeno y azufre y las particulas inquemadas.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Romo Millares, C A [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1996-12-31
This paper presents the techniques and the control equipment for emissions in thermal stations that have the highest possibilities of being considered in the immediate future in the national energy panorama and the established frame for the environmental normativity. The pollutant compounds subject to revision are the nitrogen and sulfur oxides and unburned particles. [Espanol] Se presentan las tecnicas y equipos de control de emisiones para centrales termoelectricas que tienen mayores posibilidades de ser consideradas en el futuro inmediato dentro del panorama energetico nacional y el marco establecido por la normatividad ambiental. Los compuestos contaminantes sujetos a revision son los oxidos de nitrogeno y azufre y las particulas inquemadas.
餐饮业常见生物危害分析及控制%Analysis and control of common biohazard in restaurant industry
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
贺寅; 张连慧; 刘新旗
2013-01-01
餐饮业食品安全问题已逐渐成为政府高度重视、广大消费者日趋关注的大问题.由于生物危害造成致病菌污染食品而导致的食源性疾病仍然占主要位置.因此,生物危害分析在餐饮业HACCP体系(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point)建立过程中尤为重要.本文对餐饮业HACCP体系建立过程中常见的3种生物危害:细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌、志贺氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌)、病毒、寄生虫生物危害进行科学的分析,并提出切实有效的控制措施,为建立经济高效的HACCP体系提供一定的理论支持.%The food safety issues of restaurant industry have been attached great importance by both government and consumers.The foodborne diseases still occupy the main position due to the Pathogenic bacteria pollution food caused by biohazard.Therefore,the biohazard analysis plays the key role during the process of HACCP( Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point)construction in the restaurant industry.ln this article,3 common biohazards were analyzed of the process of HACCP construction in the restaurant industry, including bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Intestinal hemorrhagic escherichia coli 0157 : H7, Mononuclear cell hyperplasia liszt bacteria, Clostridium botulinum, Shigella Spp, Bacillus cereus), viruses, parasite. Regulatory measures were proposed which provided theoretical basis in the construction of economic efficient HACCP system.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Denise Siqueira Péres
2007-12-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to identify difficulties diabetic patients face during treatment in controlling the disease. A total of 24 diabetic patients, attended in the Nurse Educational Center for Adults and Elders in 2003, participated in the study. The data was collected individually, through a written report guided by a question previously elaborated, on a pre-scheduled date. The Content Analysis technique was used in the data analysis. The results showed several difficulties related to the treatment follow up: rejection and denial of the patient's condition, suffering and revolt due to restrictions imposed by the diet, physical activity and medication. It is possible to infer that the focus of the education approach should not be restricted to the transmission of knowledge; it should also include emotional, social and cultural aspects that also influence in the treatment follow up.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las dificultades de los pacientes diabéticos en relación al tratamiento para el control de la enfermedad. Participaron 24 diabéticos acompañados en el Centro Educativo de Enfermería para Adultos y Ancianos en 2003. Para obtener los datos, se utilizó un relato escrito, de forma individual, en día predeterminado, a partir de una pregunta orientadora previamente elaborada. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Los resultados mostraron que son innumeras las dificultades relacionadas al seguimiento del tratamiento: rechazo y negación de la condición de enfermo, sufrimiento y revuelta debido a las restricciones impuestas por la alimentación, actividad física y medicamentos. Es posible inferir que el enfoque de la aproximación educativa no debe restringirse apenas a la transmisión de conocimientos; también es importante que englobe aspectos emocionales, sociales y culturales que influencian en el seguimiento del tratamiento.Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as dificuldades
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ricano Castillo, Juan Manuel; Palomares Gonzalez, Daniel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1990-12-31
The recursive technique of the method of minimum squares is employed to obtain a multivariable model of the self regressive mobile mean type, needed for the design of a multivariable, self-adjustable controller self adjustable multivariable. In this article the employed technique and the results obtained are described with the characterization of the model structure and the parametric estimation. The convergency velocity curves are observed towards the parameters` numerical values. [Espanol] La tecnica recursiva del metodo de los minimos cuadrados se emplea para obtener un modelo multivariable de tipo autorregresivo de promedio movil, necesario para el diseno de un controlador autoajustable muitivariable. En el articulo, se describe la tecnica empleada y los resultados obtenidos con la caracterizacion de la estructura del modelo y la estimacion parametrica. Se observan las curvas de la velocidad de convergencia hacia los valores numericos de los parametros.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ricano Castillo, Juan Manuel; Palomares Gonzalez, Daniel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1989-12-31
The recursive technique of the method of minimum squares is employed to obtain a multivariable model of the self regressive mobile mean type, needed for the design of a multivariable, self-adjustable controller self adjustable multivariable. In this article the employed technique and the results obtained are described with the characterization of the model structure and the parametric estimation. The convergency velocity curves are observed towards the parameters` numerical values. [Espanol] La tecnica recursiva del metodo de los minimos cuadrados se emplea para obtener un modelo multivariable de tipo autorregresivo de promedio movil, necesario para el diseno de un controlador autoajustable muitivariable. En el articulo, se describe la tecnica empleada y los resultados obtenidos con la caracterizacion de la estructura del modelo y la estimacion parametrica. Se observan las curvas de la velocidad de convergencia hacia los valores numericos de los parametros.
Castillo Silva, Oscar Daniel
2012-01-01
Actualmente las existen empresas constructoras medianas como lo es el caso propuesto para la empresa “Viedza Construcciones”, no cuentan con un Sistema de Presupuestación y Control de Obras a realizar o por contratar, para que los ingenieros civiles puedan realizar los presupuestos, para que los directivos puedan evaluar el desempeño de las obras, y para que se pueda obtener resultados precisos e inmediatos. Todo éste proceso se lo realiza de forma manual, causando un inconveniente de que no...
Controle glicêmico no perioperatório: evidências para a prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico
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Patrícia Scotini Freitas
2013-06-01
Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o controle glicêmico para a prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico no perioperatório. A revisão integrativa da literatura foi o método de revisão adotado. Para a busca dos estudos primários, as seguintes bases de dados foram selecionadas: Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE e LILACS. Dos 26 estudos primários incluídos na revisão, 12 foram conduzidos com amostra de pacientes com diabetes e 14 pesquisas realizadas com pacientes com e sem diabetes. Os resultados evidenciaram redução na taxa de infecção de sítio cirúrgico, mortalidade e tempo de internação hospitalar quando realizado o controle glicêmico. Entretanto, devido aos diferentes delineamentos de pesquisa dos estudos incluídos, amostra investigada, tipo de cirurgia, parâmetros e métodos para o controle glicêmico, conclui-se que ainda não há evidências suficientes para delimitar o melhor nível de glicose alvo e o regime ideal para o controle glicêmico no perioperatório.
Alternativas para o controle de odores e corrosão em sistemas de coleta e tratamento de esgoto
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Emanuel Manfred Freire Brandt
Full Text Available RESUMO Este artigo busca consolidar as principais características, vantagens e desvantagens de métodos disponíveis no meio técnico e científico para o controle de odores e corrosão em redes coletoras e estações de tratamento de esgoto, trazendo uma abordagem atualizada sobre soluções preventivas relacionadas à concepção e à operação de sistemas de esgotamento, com adição de compostos químicos ou aeração em fase líquida. São apresentados os princípios de cada técnica e consolidadas as principais diretrizes para o projeto de alternativas. Além disso, são apresentadas diretrizes para a concepção de soluções corretivas com contenção e exaustão de unidades/fontes potencialmente odorantes, incluindo uma discussão sobre os processos atualmente disponíveis no meio técnico-científico para tratamento de gases odorantes e corrosivos.
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André Luis Bonifácio de CARVALHO
2009-11-01
Full Text Available información de salud como una herramienta estratégica para ayudar a ampliar la capacidad de los argumentos de los ciudadanos en defensa de sus intereses, convirtiéndose en una poderosa herramienta para garantizar el derecho de la ciudadanía. Para poner de relieve tanto la ejecución por el Oficina de Gestión Estratégica y Participativa del Programa de Inclusión Digital, aprobado por el Consejo Nacional de Salud, cuyo objetivo es ayudar a garantizar que los consejeros de salud a una información adecuada y adquirir las habilidades necesarias para la comunicación digital para el ejercicio de control social, utilizando tres estrategias, a saber, la adquisición de equipo, conectividad, y la formación de consejeros.
Control Difuso con Estimador de Estados para Sistemas de Páncreas Artificial
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Rodrigo González
2016-10-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Se propone la utilización de un controlador difuso sobre un modelo de estados mínimos con el fin de alcanzar un control de infusión de insulina continuo y eficiente en pacientes con T1DM. El sistema se apoya con un Filtro Extendido de Kalman para suplir las deficiencias de los dispositivos físicos actuales y estimar insulina remanente en el organismo con el fin de predecir su comportamiento futuro. El controlador sintonizado logra una respuesta restringida entre [80, 140] mgdl, con una media de 117, 6 mgdl y desviación estándar de 11, 3 mgdl sobre un conjunto de 365 realizaciones de 24 horas de control con 4 ingestas diarias. Estos resultados muestran que es posible diseñar controladores de baja complejidad que son fácilmente sintonizables por usuarios experimentados o médicos, con un nuevo enfoque de revisión en lazo cerrado. Además, la combinación de técnicas heurísticas con aquellas basadas en modelos permite sintentizar un controlador robusto frente al contexto real de aplicación y, también, administrar en forma eficiente el gasto de insulina. Aún así, la aplicacioón de un sistema completamente automatizado en un ser humano requerirá modelos de mayor dimensión para ajustarse a diferentes situaciones, un controlador de alta robustez y amplia adaptabilidad al organismo de cada paciente y su rutina de ingestas. Abstract: A fuzzy controller for a minimal states model is proposed to achieve a continuous and effcient insulin infusion in patients with Type 1 Diabetes. An Extended Kalman Filter is also applied to supply the deficiencies of the current glucose sensor technologies and estimate residual insulin in the system to predict future behavior. The controller is tuned manually and iteratively, and achieves closed-loop responses of glycemia constrained between [80,140] (mgdl, with a mean of 117, 6 (mgdl and a standard deviation of 11, 3 (mgdl over a whole year ensemble of 24-hour system responses with 4 meal intakes
Metodología para el control microbiológico de áreas controladas
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Dailín Cobos Valdes
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Se implementa una metodología para el control microbiológico de las áreas controladas del Centro de Inmunología y Biopreparados, reportando diferencias significativas en los resultados de la carga microbiológica de las áreas, su influencia en la disminución del porcentaje de rechazo de productos críticos y su repercusión en los resultados contables de nuestra institución. Como parte de la misma se desarrollan programas de limpieza, desinfección y monitoreo ambiental de las áreas limpias con el objetivo fundamental de garantizar que las producciones se realicen en ambientes adecuados y que las áreas controladas permanezcan dentro de los parámetros establecidos, para ello se establecen un conjunto de límites de alertas y de acción, de forma tal que se pueda evaluar el desempeño del área y tomar acciones correctivas cuando se requiera según los principios de Buenas Prácticas de Producción Farmacéutica.
Aponte Rodríguez, Jorge Alexander; Amaya Hurtado, Darío; Rubiano Fonseca, Astrid; Prada Jiménez, Vladimir
2010-01-01
Este artículo presenta el modelado, diseño y construcción de un cohete tipo aficionado de bajo costo, empleando un sistema de control activo por medio de una tobera móvil para lograr una mayor estabilidad. Se plantean los métodos y procedimientos utilizados en el experimento, desarrollando el análisis, simulación e implementación de un prototipo de control para lograr una trayectoria de vuelo. This paper presents the modeling, design and construction of a Rocket amateur of low cost, using ...
García Haro, Juan Miguel
2011-01-01
Este proyecto que el CAR inició hace pocos años tiene como objetivo principal el estudio y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías en el campo de actuación y control automático, que servirá de base para otras futuras investigaciones dentro del centro. La tecnología a la que se hace mención se refiere al control de actuadores basados en motores DC brushless (BLDC Motors) empleando el sistema de hardware embebido CompactRIO y programación LabVIEW de National Instruments. Tradicionalmente se emplea en ...
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María Teresa Ochoa-Manjarrés
Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo Interpretar la percepción de profesionales sanitarios de Colombia sobre las barreras y los facilitadores para la introducción de las pruebas rápidas para sífilis y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH en los servicios de control prenatal. Métodos Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia de 37 participantes, que incluyó profesionales sanitarios vinculados a servicios de control prenatal, programas para gestantes, laboratorios clínicos y directores de unidades o centros asistenciales, así como representantes de las direcciones territoriales y del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados En Colombia no hay un uso generalizado del tamizaje con pruebas rápidas para sífilis y VIH en el control prenatal. Los entrevistados manifestaron no tener experiencia previa en el uso de pruebas rápidas —excepto el personal de laboratorio— y sobre el curso de acción ante un resultado positivo. El sistema de aseguramiento de salud dificulta el acceso al diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportunos. Las autoridades de salud perciben como necesaria la revisión de la normativa existente, a fin de fortalecer el primer nivel de atención y promover el control prenatal integral. Los participantes recomendaron la capacitación del personal y la integración entre instancias de formulación de políticas de salud y académicas para actualizar los currículos de formación. Conclusiones El enfoque de mercado y las características del sistema de salud colombiano constituyen la principal barrera para la implementación de las pruebas rápidas como estrategia para la eliminación de la transmisión materno-infantil de sífilis y VIH. Entre las medidas identificadas están: realizar cambios en la contratación entre las aseguradoras y las instituciones prestadoras de servicios, adecuar los tiempos y la organización de los procedimientos de atenci
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Yaslenis Rodríguez Hernández
2011-09-01
Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron por primera vez, los métodos de análisis que serán utilizados para el control de calidad de las futuras formulaciones de supositorios de naproxeno, para uso infantil y adulto de producción nacional. Se propuso un método por espectrofotometría ultravioleta directa, el cual resultó específico, lineal, exacto y preciso para su aplicación en el control de calidad del naproxeno en supositorios, teniendo en cuenta la presencia de grupos cromóforos en su estructura. Se modificó el método por volumetría ácido-base semiacuosa directa reportado para control de calidad de la materia prima de naproxeno y se adaptó al control de calidad en los supositorios. A partir del proceso de validación realizado, se demostró la adecuada especificidad frente a los componentes de la formulación, así como su linealidad, exactitud y precisión en el rango de 1 a 3 mg/mL. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos por ambos métodos sin detectar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las réplicas analizadas por cada dosis, por lo que cualquiera de ellos pueden aplicarse al control de calidad de los supositorios.The analysis methods that will be used for the quality control of the future Cuban-made Naproxen suppositories for adults and children were developed for the first time in this paper. One method based on direct ultraviolet spectrophotometry was put forward, which proved to be specific, linear, accurate and precise for the quality control of Naproxen suppositories, taking into account the presence of chromophore groups in their structure. Likewise, the direct semi-aqueous acid-base volumetry method aimed at the quality control of the Naproxen raw material was changed and adapted to the quality control of suppositories. On the basis of the validation process, there was demonstrated the adequate specificity of this method with respect to the formulation components, as well as its linearity, accuracy and
COLOFONIA DE PINÁCEAS CUBANAS PARA EL CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES TROPICALES TRANSMITIDAS POR MOLUSCOS
Y. Arteaga-Crespo; L. R. Carballo-Abreu; R. Sotolongo-Sospedra; Y. Hevia-Jiménez; J. E. Tacoronte-Morales
2010-01-01
La esquistosomiasis, enfermedad tropical transmitida por molusco, ocupa el segundo lugar en enfermedades parasitarias después de la malaria. En Cuba no existe la esquistosomiasis aunque sí el riesgo a contraerla, puesto que en nuestra fauna se encuentran especies que pueden actuar como hospederos intermediarios del tremátodo causante de la enfermedad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el polvo de colofonia sobre larvas de Biomphalaria havanensis para el control de vectores que propagan la e...
Derecho indiano para esclavos, negros y castas. Integración, control y estructura estamental
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Juana Patricia Pérez Munguía
2003-12-01
Full Text Available This research is concerned, primarily, with studying the legislation that was created to regulate the lives of persons brought from Africa to America, at first as slaves. Over the course of time, as massive numbers of Africans arrived in the seventeenth century the legal form of freedom for this population was born-this created a complex society that had an effect on the composition of social networks, the composition of social groups, and prohibitions/permissions, all of which is clearly seen through the attempts at legislative control imposed by the Crown. My revision of the laws of Indies shows the possibility of distinct paths of research. In the essay below, I will concentrate on integration, control and the structure of the social-legal group in question.//Esta investigación se centra en estudiar la legislación que fue creada para regular la vida de las personas traídas de África hacia América, en un principio como esclavos. En el siglo XVII, mientras llegaba una gran cantidad de africanos, se creó una forma legal de libertad para éstas personas, lo cual creó una sociedad compleja que tuvo efectos en la composición de las redes sociales, en la composición de los grupos sociales, en lo prohibido y lo permitido, todo esto visto a través de los mecanismos de control legislativo impuestos por la Corona. Mi revisión de estas Leyes de Indios, crea la posibilidad de ver distintos caminos de investigación. En este ensayo se hará énfasis en la integración, el control y la estructura social y legal del grupo en cuestión.
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D Campos
2007-02-01
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: This study compared the postural control of small (SGA and appropriate (AGA for gestational age infants born at term, at the ages of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. METHOD: This was a cohort study of infants born at term, with birth weight less than the 10th percentile for the SGA group and between the 10th and 90th percentiles for the AGA group. Infants with genetic syndromes, malformations, congenital infections and internment in neonatal intensive care unit were excluded. The evaluation instrument was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. RESULTS: Comparison of the SGA and AGA groups did not show any significant differences (p>0.05 at the assessment times. However, the postural control of the SGA group was influenced by the gestational age (r=-0.83; p= 0.006 and 5th minute Apgar (r= 0.79; p= 0.01 in the 3rd month, and by maternal occupation (r= 0.67; p= 0.01 in the 6th month. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the postural control was similar in the groups. However, the postural control of the SGA group was influenced by biological and environmental factors.OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar o controle postural de lactentes nascidos a termo, pequenos (PIG e adequados para a idade gestacional (AIG nos 3º, 6º, 9º e 12º meses. MÉTODO: Estudo longitudinal de lactentes nascidos a termo, com peso de nascimento menor que o percentil 10 para o grupo PIG e entre o percentil 10 e 90 para o grupo AIG. Síndromes genéticas, más-formações, infecções congênitas e internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal foram excluídos. O instrumento de avaliação foi Alberta Infant Motor Scale. RESULTADOS: A comparação do grupo PIG e AIG não mostrou diferença significativa (p> 0,05 nos meses avaliados. Entretanto, o controle postural do grupo PIG foi influenciado pela idade gestacional (r= -0,83/p= 0,006 e Apgar de 5' (r= 0,79/p= 0,01 no 3º mês; e pela ocupação materna (r= 0,67/p= 0,01 no 6º mês. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o
77 FR 58804 - Testing of Product Samples for Listeria monocytogenes: Changes in Procedures
2012-09-24
... include deli beef/pork/bacon, bologna, frankfurter, ham, loaves, poultry, salami, sausage, specialty meats....\\13\\ \\13\\ Based on FSIS's HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) size definition: Very...
COLOFONIA DE PINÁCEAS CUBANAS PARA EL CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES TROPICALES TRANSMITIDAS POR MOLUSCOS
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Y. Arteaga-Crespo
2010-01-01
Full Text Available La esquistosomiasis, enfermedad tropical transmitida por molusco, ocupa el segundo lugar en enfermedades parasitarias después de la malaria. En Cuba no existe la esquistosomiasis aunque sí el riesgo a contraerla, puesto que en nuestra fauna se encuentran especies que pueden actuar como hospederos intermediarios del tremátodo causante de la enfermedad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el polvo de colofonia sobre larvas de Biomphalaria havanensis para el control de vectores que propagan la esquistosomiasis, según la metodología desarrollada por la Organización Mundial para la Salud (OMS y descrita por Mott para la evaluación de plantas con acción molusquicida. Los resultados del estudio sugieren la acción molusquicida de colofonia obtenida de pináceas cubanas (Pinus caribaea y Pinus tropicalis sobre larvas de Biomphalaria havanensis en dosis letales (DL50 y DL90 son 44, 33 mg·L-1 y 141, 76 mg·L-1, respectivamente. La ecuación de regresión correspondiente fue: Y = - 0, 412 + 1, 086 ln X con un valor del coeficiente de correlación R 0, 99 y error estándar 0, 13. Las dosis revelan la efectividad de los componentes presentes en la colofonia, resultados comparables con publicaciones de extractos de otras especies de plantas.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nketsia-Tabiri, J.; Adu-Gyamfi, A.; Owusu-Biney, A.
2006-01-01
Waakye bought from the open market and 14 meals prepared under the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) plan were microbiologically investigated. The aerobic mesophilic count (AMC) (10 7 - 10 8 CFU g 1 ) and coliform count (10 6 - 10 7 CFU g -1 ) for complete waakye meals, including macaroni, fried fish, sauce and vegetable salad, exceeded the microbiological standards for such ready-to-eat meals. The AMC (10 1 - 10 4 CFU g 1 ) and coliform count (10 1 - 10 2 CFU g -1 ) for all the ready meals prepared under HACCP and stored (-5 to 0 0 C) for up to 5 days were within the standards. Potential pathogens isolated from waakye and the meals prepared under HACCP plan included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., and Enterobacter spp. Subsequent studies will exploit the potential of irradiation to eliminate pathogens and ensure the microbiological safety of ready-to-eat meals. (au)
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Andrés GarcÃa Higuera
2007-01-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Los nuevos métodos de control altamente distribuido para sistemas complejos han generado una serie de nuevas filosofÃas entre las que destacan las que utilizan tipos distintos de agentes para diferentes niveles conceptuales y de gestión (MAS. Pero estas arquitecturas basadas en la negociación entre sistemas independientes tienen el inconveniente de una excesiva dependencia en la calidad de la información. Si algún agente dispone de más información, la negociación estará viciada. Actualmente han aparecido nuevas tecnologÃas capaces de resolver este problema, un ejemplo de esto lo constituye la tecnologÃa Auto-ID/EPC. Esta tecnologÃa está siendo rápidamente adoptada por la industria para aplicaciones en logÃstica; pero una vez que estos sistemas se encuentran disponibles en una instalación, el control de la fabricación puede beneficiarse tan profundamente de ellos que los MAS están llamados a convertirse en soluciones factibles capaces de aumentar la flexibilidad y la capacidad de los entornos productivos. Este artÃculo presenta una metodologÃa para el control negociado en sistemas altamente distribuidos, que utiliza tecnologÃa RFID para garantizar una adecuada disponibilidad de la información. Palabras clave: Fabricación, Control Distribuido, Agentes, RFID-IMS
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René González-Rodríguez
2012-09-01
Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta una plataforma de desarrollo para el control en tiempo real de estructuras cinemáticas con realimentación visual. Se ha diseñado una configuración genérica que permite la implementación de cualquier variante de control visual. Para el procesamiento de la imagen se ha propuesto una estrategia que permite el uso de diferentes herramientas comerciales o algoritmos propiospara la captura y extracción de características de la imagen. El uso de Real Time Work Shop y Real Time Windows Target en el lazo de control interno brinda la posibilidad de implementar algoritmos de control servovisual en tiempo real. Al final del trabajo se presentan los resultados de un esquema de controlservovisual aplicado en un manipulador industrial. La plataforma propuesta constituye una herramienta de desarrollo para aplicaciones industriales de control servovisual y sirve de apoyo a la enseñanza de la mecatrónica en pregrado y postgrado.Palabras claves: control servovisual, control en tiempo real, estructuras cinemáticas._______________________________________________________________________________AbstractIn this work we propose a platform to develop visual servoing control systems. The platform has a generic design with the possibility to implement direct or look and move visual servoing systems. For the image processing we present a generic design allowing the use of any image processing library like Matrox MIL,Intel IPP, OpenCV or any algorithms for image capture and target characteristics extraction. The uses of Real Time Work Shop and Real Time Windows Target in the internal loop permits modify the control structure in SIMULINK very easy.Key words: visual servoing, real time control, kinematics systems.
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Giovanna S. F. Cerchiari
2008-10-01
Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta alternativas para a gestão dos recursos destinados à saúde pública, por meio de um sistema de informações para os programas de diabetes e hipertensão e resulta do interesse em analisar a efetividade dos programas destinados aos portadores de doenças crônico-degenerativas. As questões analisadas foram focadas em fatores que traduzem a efetividade das ações desenvolvidas, isto é, a capacidade de gerar resultados a partir dos investimentos feitos. Isso ocorreu por meio de um modelo proposto para análise do resultado, mediante o estabelecimento de um indicador que consolidou três frentes de resultado, o número de óbitos, internações e atendimentos ambulatoriais. O índice estabelecido para análise da efetividade derivou em um indicador de custos. Como percurso metodológico foi aplicado o modelo teórico de planejamento e controle de produção (PCP elaborado por Erdmann (1998, que considera sete etapas para a consolidação de informações fragmentadas em um sistema.This article presents alternatives to the management of resources destined for public health through an information system for diabetes and hypertension programs. It intends to analyze the effectiveness of the programs focused on chronic and degenerative disease porters. The questions analyzed were centered on factors that translated the developed actions effectiveness, that is, the capacity to get results through investments you have made. We used a model to investigate the results, intervening in the establishment of an indicator that consolidated three fronts of results, the number of deaths, hospitalizations and ambulatory appointments. The established index for effectiveness analysis resulted in a cost indicator. As a methodology we used a theoretical model of Production Control and Plan (PCP, elaborated by Erdmann (1998, which considered seven stages for a consolidation of a fragmented information system.
2010-04-01
... HACCP principles to fish and fishery product processing at least equivalent to that received under... standardized curriculum. (a) Developing a HACCP plan, which could include adapting a model or generic-type HACCP plan, that is appropriate for a specific processor, in order to meet the requirements of § 123.6(b...
Varzakas, Theodoros H
2011-09-01
The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) model has been applied for the risk assessment of pastry processing. A tentative approach of FMEA application to the pastry industry was attempted in conjunction with ISO22000. Preliminary Hazard Analysis was used to analyze and predict the occurring failure modes in a food chain system (pastry processing plant), based on the functions, characteristics, and/or interactions of the ingredients or the processes, upon which the system depends. Critical Control points have been identified and implemented in the cause and effect diagram (also known as Ishikawa, tree diagram, and fishbone diagram). In this work a comparison of ISO22000 analysis with HACCP is carried out over pastry processing and packaging. However, the main emphasis was put on the quantification of risk assessment by determining the Risk Priority Number (RPN) per identified processing hazard. Storage of raw materials and storage of final products at -18°C followed by freezing were the processes identified as the ones with the highest RPN (225, 225, and 144 respectively) and corrective actions were undertaken. Following the application of corrective actions, a second calculation of RPN values was carried out leading to considerably lower values (below the upper acceptable limit of 130). It is noteworthy that the application of Ishikawa (Cause and Effect or Tree diagram) led to converging results thus corroborating the validity of conclusions derived from risk assessment and FMEA. Therefore, the incorporation of FMEA analysis within the ISO22000 system of a pastry processing industry is considered imperative.
Sistema integral para el diseño e implementación de control asistido por computadora
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David L. Leal
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de adquisición de datos y control altamente interactivo, de bajo costo, y basado en un computador personal. El sistema está constituido por un hardware basado en un microcontrolador y un software basado en estándares abiertos. El software utiliza programación de diagramas de bloques como base para el diseño teórico e implementación de un sistema de control, con la finalidad de hacer que la programación sea sencilla y rápida. Una característica importante del sistema es la capacidad de ejecutar control embebido sin la intervención del computador personal, lo cual permite control en tiempo real. Adicionalmente, tiene capacidad de ampliación para crear un sistema de monitoreo y control distribuido por medio del Bus CAN, como interfaz de comunicación. En este trabajo también se expone la implementación del sistema desarrollado en diferentes plantas. Abstract: In this paper, the development of a highly interactive, low-cost, and personal computer based data acquisition and control system is presented. The system includes an embedded microcontroller based hardware and an open-standards software. The software uses block diagram programming as the base for the theoretical design and implementation of the control system, which makes the programming simple and fast. An important feature of this system is that it can execute an embedded control without the personal computer intervention, which facilitates the implementation of real-time control. Additionally, the system has the capacity to expand in order to create a distributed monitoring and control system by using a CAN bus as a communication interface. It is also shown in this paper the implementation of the developed system in different plants. Palabras clave: Entornos de experimentación, Sistemas embebidos o empotrados, Microcontroladores, Sistemas de tiempo real., Keywords: Experimentation environments, embedded or
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Ana Maria Frattini Fileti
2011-04-01
Full Text Available Diversos tipos de válvula de controle de vazão estão disponíveiscomercialmente, sendo a maioria delas apropriada para elevadas vazões e provida de acionamento pneumático para reduzir riscos de explosões em ambientes industriais. As válvulas para vazões reduzidas e baixas pressões são de pequenas dimensões, normalmente eletrônicas e apresentam custo elevado. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um sistema de controle eletrônico de vazão por computador on-line, baseado em componentes eletrônicos comuns, em esquema comparativo de tensão. Um amplificador subtrador foi utilizado neste circuito eletrônico, comparando dois valores de tensão para o controle dosentido de rotação e parada do motorredutor de velocidade acoplado à haste da válvula agulha comum. Este sistema de baixo custo se mostrou eficiente e de simples montagem eletrônica. Válvulas de diferentes dimensões foram acopladas com sucesso ao motorredutor comandado pelo circuito eletrônico, conferindo flexibilidade ao atuador desenvolvido.Ensaios de calibração e de determinação de tempo morto são apresentados, obtendo-se como menor faixa de vazão os valores de 0,3 a 3,6 mL s-1.Different types of flow control valves are commercially available but most are only adequate for high flow rates. These are provided with pneumatic devices to reduce explosion risks in industrial plants. Flow-reduced and low pressure valves are small sized, usually driven by analogical signals and very expensive. Current assay developed an on-line computer-aided flow control electronic system made up of common electronic components within a comparative voltage scheme. A subtracted amplifier was employed in the electronic circuit which compares two voltages for rotation direction control and stoppage of speed engine reducer linked to the common valve stem. This low cost system is very efficient and has the advantage of being electronically assembled without any difficulty. Different
Aramburú Pardo Figueroa, Andrés
2017-01-01
La tesis elabora un sistema de control para un modelo matemático que represente el comportamiento dinámico de un sistema de refrigeración por compresión de vapor utilizado en procesos de conservación de productos en la industria agroalimentaria. El sistema de control se basará en los nuevos avances tecnológicos usados en refrigeradores (Smart Inverter, Digital Inverter), los cuales presentan ahorros en el consumo energético y será diseñado para ser usado en cámaras de refrigeración de mango. ...
Pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação para o controle das doenças negligenciadas
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Fabiana Lícia Araújo dos Santos
2012-01-01
Full Text Available O fluxo contínuo de novos produtos no mercado é fruto da inovação tecnológica apresentada pela Indústria Farmacêutica. O governo Brasileiro tem investido em iniciativas promissoras de inovação através do desenvolvimento de medicamentos para os programas públicos de saúde, instituindo o Programa de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Doenças Negligenciadas, o qual foca sete doenças: dengue, doenças de Chagas, leishmaniose, hanseníase, malária, esquistossomose e tuberculose. O artigo foca uma revisão sobre P&D aplicada à prevenção e controle das doenças negligenciadas no Brasil e no mundo. Com base nos dados levantados, percebeu-se que são grandes as dificuldades para o desenvolvimento de P&D em tecnologias e produtos para combater as doenças negligenciadas e que são poucos os investimentos financeiros nesse segmento quando comparados aos de pesquisas que focam outras enfermidades. Diante disso, pode-se enfatizar a importância de investimentos em pesquisas nesse setor, em saneamento básico e programas educativos que orientem a população sobre combate à proliferação dos vetores e agentes causadores.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Martinez Morales, Miguel Angel
2004-12-15
(conventional or intelligent) is possible to get more power generation than if we use the automatic methods based on feedback MW control. Consequently, the financial benefit due to the MW generated along a period of 2 months, is equivalent to return the investment required if the CCPP would had been repowered. Test also showed that with the fuzzy based SGC is possible to get a 'little more' power generation than if we use the PID based SGC. The development and implementation of the SGC was made in three phases: First Phase: Upgrading of the simulation dynamic mathematical model and implementation in a new software platform based on LabWindows/CVI. Second Phase: Design, implementation and testing of the PID based SGC. Third Phase: Design and implementation and testing of the Intelligent SGC, based in fuzzy logic. [Spanish] El programa de obras de generacion de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) del ano 2004 al ano 2008 esta caracterizado por el dominio del proceso de ciclo combinado para la expansion de generacion de energia en Mexico [CFE, 2000]. De acuerdo con los datos presentados por esta fuente, el incremento estimado en la capacidad de generacion de potencia electrica es de 12876 MW, de los cuales las centrales de ciclo combinado aportaran 10655 MW, lo que representa el 82.75%. Bajo estas expectativas de expansion de generacion de energia en Mexico, en este trabajo de tesis se desarrollo un sistema de control supervisorio generalizado (CSG) convencional (PID) e inteligente (logica difusa) para una central de generacion de ciclo combinado, el cual permite lograr la operacion optima de la planta a traves del arranque automatico de las unidades generadoras y obtener la maxima cantidad posible de potencia electrica en forma automatica y segura. Para el desarrollo del CSG se implanto un lazo de control por temperatura para el sistema de turbina de gas (TG) y un lazo de control por presion estrangulada para la turbina de vapor (TV). El diseno de estos sistemas
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J Arece
2007-12-01
Full Text Available El parasitismo interno en los ovinos constituye una de las limitantes de mayor importancia en el desarrollo exitoso de la producción ovina. El primer paso para lograr un control parasitario está relacionado con el estudio de la epizootiología de los agentes etiológicos, y entre ellos el conocimiento de las especies que circulan en los rebaños. Para realizar este tipo de estudio se seleccionaron tres unidades de producción ovinas de la provincia de Matanzas, cuyos animales y sistema de manejo son representativos de los del resto de la provincia. Se encontró que los animales están infestados de forma simpátrica por dos especies del género Haemonchus (H. placei y H. contortus que superan el 90% del conteo fecal durante todo el año. También se encontró Trichostrongylus colubriformis y Oesophagostomum columbianum, en menor cuantía. Las mayores tasas de infestación se presentaron en el período lluvioso en las tres unidades, lo que muestra una estacionalidad evidente. Las crías se parasitaron en función del sistema de manejo implementado y las reproductoras paridas fueron las más susceptibles en un grupo de hembras incorporadas a la reproducción. Estos elementos son de vital importancia para la puesta en marcha de planes de control parasitario.Internal parasitism in sheep constitutes one of the most important limitations in the successful development of sheep production. The first step for achieving parasite control is related to the study of the epizootiology of the etiological agents, and among them the knowledge on the species that circulate in the herds. For performing this type of study, three sheep production units of Matanzas province were selected, which animals and management system are representative of the rest of the province. The animals were found to be infested in a sympatric way by two species of the Haemonchus genus (H. placei and H. contortus which exceed 90% of the fecal count during the whole year. Also
Mazón Villalta, Tania Isabel
2012-01-01
La presente tesis tiene como designio el de Diseñar un Sistema de Control Interno para la Distribuidora Autorizada de Güitig con sede en la provincia de Sucumbíos. Se busca comprender la definición tanto de un sistema de control interno como el de sus componentes y la importación de aplicación de las normas del control interno en las empresas y organizaciones. Para conforme a ello, indagar sobre las necesidades, amenazas y debilidades detectadas mediante un diagnóstico empresarial del a...
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Daría Camacho
Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación fue obtener controles positivos para la validación de técnicas moleculares (RT-PCR utilizadas en diagnóstico e investigación de infecciones virales. A partir de cepas de CHIKV, Zika, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 y DENV-4, se extrajeron ARN virales para obtener por RT-PCR los ADN complementarios (ADNc de las secuencias nsP4 (CHIKV, NS5 (virus Zika, C/prM-M y 5´UTR-C (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 que fueron clonados en pGEM®-T Easy. La clonación se confirmó mediante PCR de colonias, de las cuales se extrajo el ADN plasmídico para la verificación de la clonación de los fragmentos. Se logró la clonación de ADNc correspondientes a nsP4, NS5, C/prM-M y 5´UTR-C de los distintos agentes virales. En conclusión se obtuvieron los plásmidos recombinantes con cada una de las secuencias especificadas para su posterior valoración como controles positivos en técnicas moleculares, evitando el uso de cultivos celulares que pueden resultar costosos, laboriosos y potencialmente peligrosos.
Eurohügieenini jääb üheksa kuud / Henrik Ilves
Ilves, Henrik
2001-01-01
Järgmisest aastast jõustuvast toiduseaduse käitleja enesekontrolli kohustusest. Rahvusvaheline toiduohutussüsteem HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ja selle põhipunktid. Tervisekaitseinspektsiooni tööst Eestis
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Alexandre Tizzei
2011-10-01
Full Text Available The process of cold storage chambers contributes largely to the quality and longevity of stored products. In recent years, it has been intensified the study of control strategies in order to decrease the temperature change inside the storage chamber and to reduce the electric power consumption. This study has developed a system for data acquisition and process control, in LabVIEW language, to be applied in the cooling system of a refrigerating chamber of 30m³. The use of instrumentation and the application developed fostered the development of scientific experiments, which aimed to study the dynamic behavior of the refrigeration system, compare the performance of control strategies and the heat engine, even due to the controlled temperature, or to the electricity consumption. This system tested the strategies for on-off control, PID and fuzzy. Regarding power consumption, the fuzzy controller showed the best result, saving 10% when compared with other tested strategies.O processo de armazenamento refrigerado em câmaras contribui, em grande parte, para a qualidade e a longevidade dos produtos. Nos últimos anos, têm-se intensificado os estudos de estratégias de controle com a finalidade de diminuir a variação da temperatura dentro da câmara de armazenamento e de reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um sistema para aquisição de dados e controle do processo, em linguagem LabVIEW, para ser aplicado no sistema de refrigeração de uma câmara frigorífica de 30m³. A utilização da instrumentação e do aplicativo desenvolvido possibilitou a realização de experimentos científicos, com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento dinâmico do sistema de refrigeração, comparar o desempenho das estratégias de controle da máquina térmica, tanto em função da temperatura controlada, quanto ao consumo de energia elétrica. Neste sistema, foram testadas as estratégias de controle liga-desliga, PID e fuzzy. Em
21 CFR 123.7 - Corrective actions.
2010-04-01
... of their HACCP plans in accordance with § 123.6(c)(5), by which they predetermine the corrective... in accordance with § 123.10, to determine whether the HACCP plan needs to be modified to reduce the risk of recurrence of the deviation, and modify the HACCP plan as necessary. (d) All corrective actions...
MÉTRICAS PARA EL CONTROL DE CONFIGURACIÓN DE SOFTWARE: DEFINICIÓN Y ALGUNAS VALORACIONES
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Ailyn Febles Estrada
2003-04-01
Full Text Available Los métodos de producción de software están evolucionando desde formas artesanales a la producción industrial en gran escala. La industria de software cubana no está ajena a esos cambios. Para incidir positivamente en el desarrollo de la industria y lograr establecer en ella parámetros de excelencia es imprescindible implantar modelos de procesos tomando en consideración las mejores prácticas internacionales y adaptándolas creativamente a las condiciones concretas de Cuba. Para esto, entre otros aspectos, es necesario medir. El área de las mediciones de software, a pesar de ser una de las áreas en la ingeniería de software donde se ha investigado desde hace más de 30 años, todavía no ha sido bien comprendida, ni ampliamente aplicada en la industria del software, por tanto, la implementación de las mediciones en una organización requiere un cambio tecnológico, educacional y cultural importante. Las autoras del presente artículo proponen un conjunto de métricas para aplicar en el proceso de control de configuración. Estas métricas pueden ser obtenidas a partir del modelo de procesos de control configuración de software definido en trabajos anteriores por el grupo de Ingeniería de Software del Centro de Estudios de Ingeniería y Sistemas (CEIS. También se enuncian algunas reglas básicas a tener en cuenta cuando se aplican estas métricas en una empresa.
Condiciones de monitoreo para sistema de control de motores de combustión interna
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Elio Rafael Hidalgo-Batista
2016-01-01
Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se presentan las insuficiencias existentes en el sistema de control de los motores de combustión interna pertenecientes a los grupos electrógenos, estas insuficiencias se determinaron luego de un análisis realizado al surgimiento de las fallas y a este sistema. Para la mejora del mismo se da a conocer un procedimiento que permite el seguimiento y procesamiento de las condiciones de monitoreo de estos equipos, el uso de este procedimiento ha permitido: definir los patrones de fallo de las tres variables (de ocho que se estudian que con mayor probabilidad se relacionan con el surgimiento de los fallos, mejorar el método comparativo y dos insuficiencias del sistema de control.
Factores de riesgo para el neonato pequeño para la edad gestacional en un hospital de Lima, Perú
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J. Eduardo Tejeda-Mariaca
Full Text Available Objetivos. Identificar factores de riesgo para neonatos a término pequeños para la edad gestacional. Materiales y métodos. Cohorte retrospectiva que utilizó datos del Sistema Informático Materno Perinatal del Hospital María Auxiliadora de Lima, del período 2000 a 2010. Se evaluó la edad materna, paridad, nivel educativo, estado civil, índice de masa corporal pregestacional, número de controles prenatales, presencia de patologías como preeclampsia, eclampsia, infección urinaria y diabetes gestacional como factores de riesgo en pequeños para edad gestacional. El peso para la edad gestacional fue calculado sobre la base de percentiles peruanos. Se calcularon los riesgos relativos crudos (RR y ajustados (RRa con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% usando modelos lineales generalizados log binomial. Resultados. Se incluyeron 64 670 gestantes. La incidencia de pequeños para la edad gestacional fue 7,2%. La preeclampsia (RRa 2,0; IC 95%: 1,86-2,15, eclampsia (RRa 3,22; IC 95%: 2,38-4,35, bajo peso materno (RRa 1,38; IC 95%: 1,23-1,54, nuliparidad (RRa 1,32; IC 95%: 1,23-1,42, edad ≥35 años (RRa 1,16; IC 95%: 1,04-1,29, tener controles prenatales de 0 a 2 (RRa 1,43; IC 95%: 1,32-1,55 y 3 a 5 (RRa 1,22; IC 95%: 1,14-1,32 fueron factores de riesgo para ser pequeños para la edad gestacional. Conclusiones. Es necesario identificar a las gestantes con factores de riesgo como los encontrados para disminuir la condición de pequeños para la edad gestacional. Se debe actuar poniendo énfasis en factores modificables, tales como la frecuencia de sus controles prenatales
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Teodoro Stadler
2010-12-01
Full Text Available La agricultura de bajo impacto ambiental demanda nuevos pesticidas que deben ajustarse a las exigentes normativas internacionales. Parte de la búsqueda de nuevos productos bio-racionales se desarrolla por fuera del marco de la síntesis orgánica, explorando diferentes sustancias de origen natural como extractos vegetales, aceites insecticidas e insecticidas inorgánicos. Los polvos insecticidas representan el grupo más antiguo de sustancias utilizadas por el hombre para el control de plagas, cuya eficacia se basa principalmente en fenómenos físicos. Con el advenimiento de los insecticidas de síntesis, los polvos insecticidas fueron relegados por casi cinco décadas a la función de carriers de principios activos dentro de los insecticidas formulados. Con el desarrollo del caolín hidrófobo en la década de los 90´, los polvos inorgánicos resurgieron como insecticidas "per se", y, recientemente, a partir del descubrimiento de los nanoinsecticidas, afloran nuevas alternativas para expandir el espectro de aplicaciones de los polvos inorgánicos. El desarrollo y registro de nuevos productos a partir de nanomateriales manufacturados se basa en el paradigma "lo mismo pero diferente", ya que éstos difieren de las sustancias con idéntica estructura y composición química respecto de algunas propiedades como reactividad,área especifica, efectos cuánticos, carga eléctrica, etc. Estas sustancias con nuevas propiedades también se destacan como herramientas muy prometedoras para la protección de cultivos y la producción de alimentos y abren nuevas fronteras para el manejo de plagas con nanoinsecticidas. La alúmina nanoestructurada exhibe varias de las propiedades del insecticida ideal, ya que se trata de un producto natural desde el punto de vista químico, no reactivo, económico, con reducidas probabilidades de provocar resistencia en los insectos y su eficacia es mayor que la de otros polvos insecticidas como el caolín o la tierra de
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bautista B, Amberto; Ocampo P, Carlos; Gutierrez A, Ruben; Madinaveitia V, Miguel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1990-12-31
Upon the need of increasing the efficiency of the existing fossil power plants in Mexico, the Instrumentation and Control Department of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) designed and built a viscosity controller to enhance the fuel oil heating process. The system strategy, that allows the control either by temperature or viscosity considers, as an important element, the changing characteristics of the supplied fuels. The equipment that is utilized forms apart of the line Acquisition and Control System (ACS) developed at the same Institute, that has been successfully applied in other systems. [Espanol] Ante la necesidad de aumentar la eficiencia de las plantas termoelectricas existentes en Mexico, el Departamento de Instrumentacion y Control, del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE), diseno y construyo un controlador de viscosidad para mejorar el proceso de calentamiento del aceite combustible. La estrategia del sistema, que permite controlar ya sea por viscosidad o por temperatura, considera como elemento importante las caracteristicas cambiantes de los combustibles suministrados. El equipo que se utiliza forma parte de la linea SAC (sistema de adquisicion y control), desarrollada en el mismo Instituto, que se ha aplicado satisfactoriamente en otros sistemas.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bautista B, Amberto; Ocampo P, Carlos; Gutierrez A, Ruben; Madinaveitia V, Miguel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1989-12-31
Upon the need of increasing the efficiency of the existing fossil power plants in Mexico, the Instrumentation and Control Department of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) designed and built a viscosity controller to enhance the fuel oil heating process. The system strategy, that allows the control either by temperature or viscosity considers, as an important element, the changing characteristics of the supplied fuels. The equipment that is utilized forms apart of the line Acquisition and Control System (ACS) developed at the same Institute, that has been successfully applied in other systems. [Espanol] Ante la necesidad de aumentar la eficiencia de las plantas termoelectricas existentes en Mexico, el Departamento de Instrumentacion y Control, del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE), diseno y construyo un controlador de viscosidad para mejorar el proceso de calentamiento del aceite combustible. La estrategia del sistema, que permite controlar ya sea por viscosidad o por temperatura, considera como elemento importante las caracteristicas cambiantes de los combustibles suministrados. El equipo que se utiliza forma parte de la linea SAC (sistema de adquisicion y control), desarrollada en el mismo Instituto, que se ha aplicado satisfactoriamente en otros sistemas.
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Sophia C. Szarfarc
2010-06-01
Full Text Available A anemia por deficiência de ferro configura um problema epidemiológico da maior relevância atuando nos gastos públicos de saúde, nas consequências sociais do aumento de riscos no período gestacional, na redução da produtividade e, ainda, nas consequências, em longo prazo, do desenvolvimento mental. Algumas datas marcam o envolvimento do governo brasileiro em busca de alternativas de controle da deficiência marcial: 1977 - 1ª Reunião do Ministério da Saúde (INAN, com especialistas nacionais e internacionais, para discutir perspectivas e intervenções para o controle da anemia; 1982/83 - distribuição de suplemento de ferro para a clientela do Programa de Atenção à Gestante e dosagem de hemoglobina na 1ª consulta; 1992 - assinatura de compromisso brasileiro de reduzir em 1/3 a prevalência de anemia em gestantes; 1994 - implantação do Programa de Leite Vivaleite, no estado de São Paulo, fornecendo leite fortificado com ferro a famílias com crianças até 6 anos e renda inferior a dois salários mínimos; 2002/junho 2004 - fortificação das farinhas de trigo e de milho com ferro; 2005 - programa de suplementação de ferro a lactentes; 2009/março - divulgação do resultado do levantamento de prevalência de anemia em mulheres (15-49 anos e crianças (6 - 59 meses no Brasil; 2009/agosto - foi reeditada a Portaria no 1793/GM/agosto/2009 do Ministério da Saúde, instituindo a Comissão Interinstitucional para implementação, acompanhamento e monitorização das ações de fortificação das farinhas de trigo e milho e seus subprodutos.Iron deficiency anemia is a vast epidemiologic problem evidenced by health public spending, the social consequences of increased risk in pregnancy, low production, and also by long term consequences of cognitive development. Some points in time highlight the involvement of the Brazilian government: 1977 - 1st Health Minister Meeting (INAN, with international and national specialists to
The cold chain and the weakest link; De koudeketen en de zwakste schakel
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Moerman, P.C.
2005-11-01
The production of food products requires a proper control system to guarantee the quality of the products at the end of the distribution chain. A HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) system provides a scheme for proper handling in a cold chain. Two examples are described: a cold chain for chilled meat and a cold chain for frozen products. For each step in the chains the critical control points are described. The indicated parameters had to be monitored and controlled to achieve good end products. [Dutch] Om bederfelijke producten veilig bij de gebruiker te brengen is een keten van handelingen nodig: de koudeketen. De parameters van de toegepas-te processtappen dienen beheerst te worden. Hiervoor kan men het HACCP ((Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) systeem gebruiken. Twee voorbeelden worden gegeven: een koelketen voor vers vlees en een vriesketen. Voor beide ketens wordt voor een aantal processtappen aangegeven welke grootheden kritisch zijn en dus beheerst moeten worden om tot een goed resultaat te komen.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Romo Millares, Cesar A [Instituto de Investigaciones Electrica, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1997-12-31
This present the techniques and equipment of control of transmissions for thermoelectric power stations appear that have mayor possibilities of being considered in the future immediate within the national energetic panorama and the frame established by the environmental normative. The subject polluting compounds to overhaul are oxides of nonburned nitrogen and particles [Espanol] Se presentan las tecnicas y equipos de control de emisiones para centrales termoelectricas que tienen mayores posibilidades de ser consideradas en el futuro inmediato dentro del panorama energetico nacional y el marco establecido por la normatividad ambiental. Los compuestos contaminantes sujetos a revision son los oxidos de nitrogeno y las particulas inquemadas
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Romo Millares, Cesar A. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electrica, Cuernavaca (Mexico)
1996-12-31
This present the techniques and equipment of control of transmissions for thermoelectric power stations appear that have mayor possibilities of being considered in the future immediate within the national energetic panorama and the frame established by the environmental normative. The subject polluting compounds to overhaul are oxides of nonburned nitrogen and particles [Espanol] Se presentan las tecnicas y equipos de control de emisiones para centrales termoelectricas que tienen mayores posibilidades de ser consideradas en el futuro inmediato dentro del panorama energetico nacional y el marco establecido por la normatividad ambiental. Los compuestos contaminantes sujetos a revision son los oxidos de nitrogeno y las particulas inquemadas
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Oliveira Filho Alfredo M.
1997-01-01
Full Text Available Se relatan los resultados obtenidos en el terreno seis meses y dos años post-tratamiento con las nuevas herramientas para el control de triatominos desarrolladas con apoyo de la OMS/TDR, o sea, a pinturas insecticidas, una suspensión emulsionable de lenta liberación conteniendo el 8,3% de malathion, aplicada por rociamiento; b potes fumígenos que, después de encendidos, echan humos que contienen cypermetrina y DDVP; c cajas sensoras para detección de triatominos. Los ensayos en el terreno fueron realizados en Chile, Honduras y Paraguay contra tres especies principales de vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas - Triatoma infestans, T. dimidiata y Rhodnius prolixus, según el protocolo elaborado por un comité de expertos de la OMS. Los resultados indican que las pinturas insecticidas constituyen un eficaz medio de control de estos vectores en cualquiera de las condiciones estudiadas, sea en el domicilio, sea en el peridomicilio, manteniendo los porcentajes de infestación muy próximos a cero. Comparaciones preliminares de la técnica de cajas sensoras para detección de casas infestadas por triatominos, con la búsqueda hecha por personal entrenado (hora/hombre indican esta última como la mas apropiada.
Secagem de uvas Niágara visando obter subsídios para o processamento, supervisão e controle
Wesley Esdrar Santiago
2012-01-01
Resumo: Tradicionalmente utilizada em alguns países vinícolas e com pouca ou nenhuma aplicação no Brasil, a secagem de uvas destinadas a vinificação representa uma importante metodologia para obtenção de vinhos de mesa com elevado nível de qualidade, no entanto até o presente momento diversos problemas oriundos da falta de controle das condições ambientais da secagem destes produtos tem impedido a quantificação e obtenção de um desempenho razoável para tal procedimento. Nesta pesquisa foi des...
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M. Vázquez-Arista
2012-02-01
Full Text Available Prostephanus truncatus (Horn is a pest of maize stored in Mexico, Central America, some parts of South America, and it is expanding rapidly in Africa since it was introduced to that continent. Control of this pest in storehouses is carried out with the massive use of pesticides. With the object of finding an alternative method of control, an electron microscope study was made of the mid intestine of adults and larvae. Detected in the mid intestine of adult. P. truncatus was the presence of a peritrophic membrane. This membrane is formed by an irregular grid composed of various layers which are absent in the mid intestine of the last larval stage of P. truncatus. This indicates that formation of the peritrophic membrane take place mainly during the pupal stage, for which P. truncatus may be controlled biologically by using transgenic plants with the specific information to interfere in the synthesis of this membrane.Prostephanus truncatus (Horn es un insecto plaga del maíz almacenado en México, América Central, parte de América del Sur y se está expandiendo rápidamente en África desde que fue introducido a este continente. El control de este insecto en los almacenes se lleva a cabo con el uso masivo de insecticidas. Con el objeto de encontrar una alternativa para su control, se realizó un estudio de microscopía electrónica en el intestino medio del insecto adulto y su larva. Se detectó, en el intestino medio de P. truncatus adulto, la presencia de una membrana peritrófica. Esta membrana está formada por una red irregular compuesta de varias capas, la cual está ausente en el intestino medio del último estadío larvario de P. truncatus. Esto indica que su formación tiene lugar, principalmente, durante el período de pupa, por lo que P. truncatus podría ser controlado biológicamente usando plantas transgénicas con la información específica para interferir en la síntesis de esta membrana.
A Microbial Assessment Scheme to measure microbial performance of Food Safety Management Systems
Jacxsens, L.; Kussaga, J.; Luning, P.A.; Spiegel, van der M.; Devlieghere, F.; Uyttendaele, M.
2009-01-01
A Food Safety Management System (FSMS) implemented in a food processing industry is based on Good Hygienic Practices (GHP), Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles and should address both food safety control and assurance activities in order to guarantee food safety. One of the
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sergio Guerra Sartor
2007-06-01
Full Text Available O tabagismo e o consumo de álcool são os fatores de risco mais bem estabelecidos para o câncer de laringe. Com relação aos fatores ocupacionais, o único carcinógeno estabelecido é a exposição a névoas de ácidos inorgânicos fortes. Entretanto, asbesto, pesticidas, tintas, gases de combustão de gasolina e diesel e poeiras, entre outros, aparecem na literatura como agentes ocupacionais que aumentam o risco de câncer de laringe. Um estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar foi conduzido para investigar fatores de risco ocupacionais para câncer de laringe. Foram coletadas informações detalhadas sobre tabagismo, consumo de álcool e história ocupacional de 122 casos de câncer de laringe e 187 controles pareados por freqüência (segundo sexo e idade. Encontrou-se risco aumentado de câncer de laringe nos indivíduos com exposição à sílica cristalina livre respirável (OR = 1,83; IC95%: 1,00-3,36, à fuligem (de carvão mineral, coque, madeira, óleo combustível (OR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,03-3,03, a fumos em geral (OR = 2,55; IC95%: 1,14-5,67 e a animais vivos (OR = 1,80; IC95%: 1,02-3,19.The most solidly established risk factors for laryngeal cancer are tobacco and alcohol. As for occupational factors, the only established carcinogen is exposure to strong inorganic acid mists. However, asbestos, pesticides, paints, gasoline, diesel engine emissions, dusts, and other factors have been reported in the literature as occupational agents that increase the risk of laryngeal cancer. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to investigate occupational risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Detailed data on smoking, alcohol consumption, and occupational history were collected for 122 laryngeal cancers and 187 controls matched by frequency (according to sex and age. Laryngeal cancer was associated with exposure to respirable free crystalline silica (OR = 1.83; 95%CI: 1.00-3.36, soot (from coal, coke, fuel oil, or wood (odds ratio - OR = 1
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Katia Cristina Kupper
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Os frutos cítricos são afetados por diversas doenças, especialmente as fúngicas, as quais afetam a produtividade e a qualidade, principalmente quando se visa ao mercado de frutas frescas, seja para o mercado interno, seja para a exportação. Dentre as doenças fúngicas que ocorrem na fase de pós-colheita, destaca-se o bolor verde, causado por Penicillium digitatum. As medidas de controle baseiam-se, principalmente, no tratamento de frutos com diferentes combinações de fungicidas no packing-house. Devido às restrições quanto à presença de resíduos de fungicidas em frutos de citros e ao crescente desenvolvimento de linhagens resistentes dos patógenos a tais fungicidas, torna-se necessária a busca de alternativas de controle, como o controle biológico. Portanto, este trabalho teve por objetivos: (i verificar o efeito antagônico de agentes de controle biológico (ACBs, sendo 06 isolados de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e 13 isolados de Bacillus subtilis contra P. digitatum; (ii estudar as interações in vitro entre ACBs e o fitopatógeno; (iii verificar o efeito da integração dos antagonistas com bicarbonato de sódio e cera de carnaúba no controle do bolor verde. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos isolados bacterianos e todos os isolados de levedura inibiram o crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno. Somente um isolado de Bacillus subtilis (ACB-84 foi capaz de inibir a germinação de P. digitatum com 72% de inibição, enquanto ACB-K1 e ACB-CR1 (S. cerevisiae foram os mais eficientes com inibições de 78 e 85,7%, respectivamente; a adição de sacarose (a 0,5% favoreceu ainda mais a inibição da germinação dos conídios pelos isolados da levedura. Os resultados de controle in vivo mostraram a viabilidade de S. cerevisiae ACB-K1 e ACB-CR1 para o controle de P. digitatum, em frutos de lima-ácida 'Tahiti' e laranja 'Hamlin', respectivamente; a associação de bicarbonato de sódio com agentes de biocontrole não resultou
Procedimiento para la programación y control de la producción de una pequeña empresa
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Viviana K. Ortiz-Triana
2015-04-01
Full Text Available El propósito del presente artículo fue diseñar un procedimiento para la programación y control de la producción de una pequeña empresa de calzado ubicada en la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta. Para realizar la programación de la producción se aplicó la teoría de restricciones en conjunto con la investigación de operaciones específicamente la técnica de programación lineal. Se identificaron las restricciones del sistema productivo para el desarrollo de un modelo matemático, que determinó las cantidades óptimas de fabricación, maximizando el throughput (utilidades, o precio de venta menos costo de materiales para un período de tiempo dado. A partir del modelo matemático se plantea un procedimiento para la programación y control de la producción de una pequeña empresa de calzado, el cual se validó mediante pruebas de hipótesis, comparando los datos reales de la producción durante el periodo de estudio con el procedimiento actual y los datos planificados desde el procedimiento propuesto, obteniendo como resultado que el procedimiento diseñado permite alcanzar un mayor throughput, disminución en los costos de inventarios y tiempos de entrega, logrando satisfacer la demanda en su totalidad. Este procedimiento, puede implementarse en pequeñas empresas de calzado que presenten las mismas características del caso de estudio. The purpose of this paper was to design a procedure for the scheduling and manufacturing control of a small shoe business located in the city of San Jose de Cucuta. The scheduling was done applying the theory of constraints, together with the operations research, specifically the linear programming technique. The system constraints were identified to develop a mathematical model that determined the optimal quantities of manufacturing, maximizing the throughput (profits, or selling price minus cost of materialsfor a certain period. From the mathematical model a procedure for the scheduling and
Procedimiento para la programación y control de la producción de una pequeña empresa
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Álvaro Jr. Caicedo-Rolón
2015-04-01
Full Text Available El propósito del presente artículo fue diseñar un procedimiento para la programación y control de la producción de una pequeña empresa de calzado ubicada en la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta. Para realizar la programación de la producción se aplicó la teoría de restricciones en conjunto con la investigación de operaciones específicamente la técnica de programación lineal. Se identificaron las restricciones del sistema productivo para el desarrollo de un modelo matemático, que determinó las cantidades óptimas de fabricación, maximizando el throughput (utilidades, o precio de venta menos costo de materiales para un período de tiempo dado. A partir del modelo matemático se plantea un procedimiento para la programación y control de la producción de una pequeña empresa de calzado, el cual se validó mediante pruebas de hipótesis, comparando los datos reales de la producción durante el periodo de estudio con el procedimiento actual y los datos planificados desde el procedimiento propuesto, obteniendo como resultado que el procedimiento diseñado permite alcanzar un mayor throughput, disminución en los costos de inventarios y tiempos de entrega, logrando satisfacer la demanda en su totalidad. Este procedimiento, puede implementarse en pequeñas empresas de calzado que presenten las mismas características del caso de estudio. The purpose of this paper was to design a procedure for the scheduling and manufacturing control of a small shoe business located in the city of San Jose de Cucuta. The scheduling was done applying the theory of constraints, together with the operations research, specifically the linear programming technique. The system constraints were identified to develop a mathematical model that determined the optimal quantities of manufacturing, maximizing the throughput (profits, or selling price minus cost of materialsfor a certain period. From the mathematical model a procedure for the scheduling and
Estrategias para negociaciones exitosas.
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José B. Parra V
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Las estrategias de negociación son herramientas para disminuir conflictos o para intercambiar bienes y servicios. Una negociación exitosa crea relaciones de solidaridad y propicia reciprocidad, cooperación y confianza para quienes tendrán relaciones permanentes de negociación con beneficios para ambas partes. Una estrategia de negociación exitosa requiere manejar el desarrollo del ambiente social del grupo de personas, con la finalidad de tener presente las fronteras que no pueden irrumpirse. Otro aspecto importante, es el lenguaje corporal utilizado por las personas y las tácticas que se practican. El manejo de esta información permite diseñar diferentes modelos de negociaciones para cada caso específico. Este documento propone la utilización de la herramienta MONACO, diseñada por los autores, que es un software útil para encontrar los mejores tácticas posibles dentro de una negociación; basándose en el lenguaje corporal que muestra el negociante oponente durante cada oferta monetaria. El uso de este software da al negociador la oportunidad de manejar las negociaciones con mayor control, el negociador que usa el software puede elegir una estrategia de acuerdo a las relaciones que espera mantener con el negociador oponente.
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Alvarruiz, A.
2002-09-01
Full Text Available The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP is a preventive system which tries to ensure the food safety and wholesomeness and allows us product protection and flaw correction. Quality control costs are therefore reduced, since final super-control becomes almost unnecessary. In this work the hazards that can be found in a processing line of virgin olive oil are described, as well as the preventive actions which can be taken in the oil mill, the surveillance systems to be implemented, the eventual corrective actions and the records to be kept by the plant. The implementation of these principles would make possible, for any oil mill (regardless of the system used for solid-liquid separation, a production self-control based on the HACCP system.El Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Crítico (APPCC es un sistema preventivo que trata de garantizar la seguridad e inocuidad alimentaria, y que permite la protección del producto y la corrección de fallos, mejorando los costes de calidad por defectos y ahorrando casi el supercontrol final. En este trabajo se describen los peligros propios que se pueden encontrar en la línea de elaboración de aceite de oliva virgen, las medidas preventivas que se pueden aplicar en la almazara y los sistemas de vigilancia a implantar, así como las medidas correctoras previstas, en caso de ser necesarias, y los registros de control que deberán quedar en la industria. La puesta en práctica de estos conocimientos permitirá, a cualquier tipo de almazara (con independencia del sistema de separación sólido - líquido utilizado, un autocontrol de sus producciones basado en el sistema APPCC.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Barrantes Salazar, Alexandra
2014-01-01
System of hazard analysis and critical control points are deployed in a production plant of liquid nitrogen. The fact that the nitrogen has become a complement to food packaging to increase shelf life, or provide a surface that protect it from manipulation, has been the main objective. Analysis of critical control points for the nitrogen production plant has been the adapted methodology. The knowledge of both the standard and the production process, as well as the on site verification process, have been necessary. In addition, all materials and/or processing units that are found in contact with the raw material or the product under study were evaluated. Such a way that the intrinsic risks of each were detected, from the physical, chemical and biological points of view according to the origin or pollution source. For each found risk was evaluated the probability of occurrence according to the frequency and gravity of it, with these variables determined was achieved the definition of the type of risk detected. In the cases that was presented a greater risk or critical, these were subjected decision tree; with which is concluded the non determination of critical control points. However, for each one of them were established the maximum permitted limits. To generate each of the results it has literature or scientific reference of reliable provenance, where is indicated properly the support of the evaluated matter. In a general way, the material matrix and the process matrix are found without critical control points; so that the project is concluded in the analysis, and it has to generate without the monitoring system and verification. To increase this project is suggested in order to cover the packaging system of gaseous nitrogen, due to it was delimited to liquid nitrogen. Furthermore, the liquid nitrogen is a 100% automated and closed process so the introduction of contaminants is very reduced, unlike the gaseous nitrogen process. (author) [es
Análisis y diseño de un esquema de control para aplicación en baño seco portátil
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Leobardo Hernández González
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Actualmente, la industria aplica rigurosos estándares de calidad en sus procesos de producción, obligándose a contar con instrumentos de medición cada vez más exactos. Lo que exige que para obtener una certificación, en muchos casos se tenga que calibrar sus instrumentos fuera de las propias instalaciones, generando diversas dificultades debido a la imposibilidad de parar los procesos de producción. En algunos casos, se contrata a empresas especializadas para realizar la calibración dentro de la planta, pero generalmente resulta una operación parcial, costosa e incómoda. Como una solución práctica se propone un baño de bloque seco portátil basado en las Celdas Peltier, que permita la calibración de sensores de temperatura, con las características de fácil transportación y manejo, para realizar dicha calibración en la propia planta de producción. El prototipo experimental de baño de bloque seco permite alcanzar un rango de temperatura que va de los 0°C hasta los 150°C (273,2°k a 423,2°k, recurrente en muchos procesos industriales. Para asegurar un correcto control de temperatura se propone un algoritmo de control digital PID, implantado en un micro controlador tipo PiC. El sistema de control de temperatura se validó con simulaciones y pruebas experimentales para todo el sistema en funcionamiento, obteniéndose resultados bastantes satisfactorios.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Uribe Blanco, Carlos Eduardo; Mata Almanza, Rafael; Picasso Blanquel, Cuitlahuac [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)
2011-07-01
For the purpose of contributing to the strategic plan and to the improvement of productivity and competitiveness levels, the Federal Electric Commission (CFE, Spanish acronym) is making a significant investment in human resources and materials to modernize electric energy supply systems, including monitoring, protection and automatic control for operating all the elements of the electrical process, from generating plants to transmission lines, distribution systems and commercial applications. With this modernization, the CFE is also creating the infrastructure for the interoperability and interconnectivity of the above systems, in such a way to enable it to broaden, continue and complement the functional integration of the linked institutional systems of the latest generation. The total integration of the systems will allow the CFE to move toward Intelligent Electric Networks. Therefore, the CFE requested help from the Electric Research Institute (IIE, Spanish acronym) to develop part of the infrastructure to modernize the automation of distribution. This consists of the development of a prototype of the supervision and control system, using interoperable open technology owned by the CFE which enables using the functions of a SCADA system (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) to supervise and control electric distribution networks. [Spanish] Con el proposito de contribuir al plan estrategico y mejoramiento de los niveles de productividad y competitividad, la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) esta invirtiendo fuertemente en recursos humanos y materiales para la modernizacion de los sistemas de suministro de energia electrica, incluyendo el monitoreo, proteccion y control automatico para la operacion de todos los elementos del proceso electrico, desde los centros de generacion hasta las lineas de transmision, los sistemas de distribucion y las aplicaciones de comercializacion. Con dicha modernizacion, la CFE tambien esta generando la infraestructura para la
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Raydel Valdés-Salgado
2010-01-01
Full Text Available El estudio de la Carga Mundial de la Enfermedad proyecta que el incremento en la prevalencia de fumadores en países de ingresos medios y bajos contribuirá a incrementar las muertes cardiovasculares, por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y algunos cánceres. Para reducir estas consecuencias del tabaquismo, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS recomienda un conjunto de acciones reunidas en el Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT y los informes MPOWER. En este artículo se revisó el más reciente de estos informes y sintetizamos las principales intervenciones que estaban vigentes en los países latinoamericanos y también revisamos algunas medidas implementadas durante 2009 y 2010. En los últimos años se ha avanzado considerablemente en materia de control del tabaco. Sin embargo, todavía queda por avanzar para acercarnos a lo sugerido por la OMS. De mantenerse el nivel de consumo entre los adolescentes de la región actualmente, observaremos en las décadas futuras un incremento en el número de muertes prematuras y evitables causadas por el tabaco.Projections based on the most recent report on the Global Burden of Disease show that the observed increase in smoking prevalence in middle and low income countries will contribute to the increase of the number of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and some cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends a group of actions to curb the tobacco epidemic. This is a review paper based on the most recent MPOWER report and also included in this review are some of the most recent tobacco control measures implemented during 2009 and 2010. We conclude that most Latin American countries have achieved significant progress in tobacco control in recent years. However, when comparing the current situation against the WHO recommendations we realized that for most countries there is still work to be
Vargas-Leguás, H; Rodríguez Garrido, V; Lorite Cuenca, R; Pérez-Portabella, C; Redecillas Ferreiro, S; Campins Martí, M
2009-06-01
This guide for the preparation of powdered infant formulae in hospital environments is a collaborative work between several hospital services and is based on national and European regulations, international experts meetings and the recommendations of scientific societies. This guide also uses the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point principles proposed by Codex Alimentarius and emphasises effective verifying measures, microbiological controls of the process and the corrective actions when monitoring indicates that a critical control point is not under control. It is a dynamic guide and specifies the evaluation procedures that allow it to be constantly adapted.
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Alvarruiz, A.
2003-03-01
Full Text Available The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP is a preventive system which serves for ensuring consumerâs food safety by identifying the hazards associated to a food or drink. In this work, the specific hazards found in a bottling line of virgin olive oil are described, as well as the preventive measures which should be taken in the plant, the surveillance systems to implement, the corrective actions which eventually could be necessary to apply and the control records which should be registered. The implementation of this knowledge will provide any oil bottling line âspecially those installed in the olive mill, complementing the processing line of virgin olive oil- with a self-control of their products based on the HACCP system.El Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Crítico (APPCC es un sistema preventivo que trata de garantizar la seguridad e inocuidad alimentaria y que permite identificar los peligros específicos ligados a un alimento o bebida. En este trabajo se describen los peligros propios que se pueden encontrar en la línea de envasado de aceite de oliva virgen, las medidas preventivas que se pueden aplicar en la envasadora y los sistemas de vigilancia a implantar, así como las medidas correctoras previstas, en caso de ser necesarias, y los registros de control que deberán quedar en la industria. La puesta en práctica de estos conocimientos permitirá, a cualquier tipo de envasadora de aceites, en especial a aquellas situadas en la propia almazara, complementando la línea de elaboración de aceite de oliva virgen, un autocontrol de sus producciones basado en el sistema APPCC.
Nyt koncept forebygger sundhedsproblemer i mælkeproduktionen
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rothmann Holm, Janne
2017-01-01
Overvågning: Ved brug af HACCP konceptet kan landmænd opdage og løse sundhedsproblemer hos køer på et tidligt tidspunkt. I EU projektet GplusE arbejder man på at tilpasse HACCP konceptet til brug for overvågning af sundheden i mælkeproduktionen.......Overvågning: Ved brug af HACCP konceptet kan landmænd opdage og løse sundhedsproblemer hos køer på et tidligt tidspunkt. I EU projektet GplusE arbejder man på at tilpasse HACCP konceptet til brug for overvågning af sundheden i mælkeproduktionen....
Diseño e implementación de una estrategia de control predictivo para el secado de arroz paddy
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Alfonso Cubillos Varela
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo trata sobre la modelación y control del proceso de secado de arroz Paddy en silo inclinado usando técnicas de control predictivo. Para esto se usa un secador a escala 1,10 con capacidad de 25 kilos de grano, totalmente instrumentado donde se puede medir en línea la temperatura y humedad del grano de arroz y del medio ambiente. Además, permite medir y manipular el flujo y temperatura del aire de secado. Con el fin de diseñar el controlador, primero se obtiene un modelo dinámico basado en el principio de capa delgada, luego se diseña e implementa la estrategia de control predictivo, conocida como DMC (Dynamic Matriz Control la cual utiliza la respuesta paso y repuesta libre del sistema para calcular la acción de control óptima. Como consecuencia de este proceso se obtienen resultados prometedores del uso de este tipo de tecnología en el secado de arroz Paddy, a reducción del tiempo de secado, b evitar la pérdida de masa por sobresecado, c garantizar un secado más homogéneo y por lo tanto una mejora en la calidad del arroz y la productividad de la industria molinera de la Región.
Sérgio S. Cunha; Laura C. Rodrigues; Nádia Cristina Duppre
2004-01-01
La estrategia actual para el control de la lepra en Brasil se basa en dos actividades principales: la detección precoz de casos y el tratamiento de casos con farmacoterapia combinada. Además de dichas medidas, se realizan esfuerzos complementarios para identificar los contactos domésticos para el diagnóstico precoz y la vacunación con el bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Sin embargo, la eficacia de estas acciones a la hora de reducir la incidencia de la lepra es aún discutible. Esto genera dud...
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Luis Cuéllar P. de L
2004-01-01
Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención educativa para la prevención y el control de las infecciones intrahospitalarias (IIH en el personal de salud del Instituto Especializado de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN, Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental. Antes y después de la implementación de un programa educativo de medidas generales para la prevención y el control de las IIH, se evaluaron los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de 378 (45,6% trabajadores de salud seleccionados en forma aleatoria y estratificada (por profesión de la población de trabajadores del INEN. Resultados: Después de la intervención, la proporción de trabajadores (total con bajo conocimiento se redujo de 53,2% a 39,7% y la actitud positiva frente al curso y programas para el control y prevención de las IIH aumentó de 87,8% a 99,2%. También hubo un incremento en el cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas: de 5,6% a 37,0% para el lavado de manos, de 33,9% a 53,2% para la técnica adecuada del lavado de manos, de 33,3% a 49,2% para la técnica adecuada de asepsia y de 37,0 a 59,0% para la técnica de aislamiento. Las tendencias fueron similares en todas las profesiones. Conclusión: La aplicación de un programa educativo ha logrado incrementar tanto los conocimientos y actitudes positivas, como los índices de cumplimiento de las medidas generales de prevención y el control de las infecciones intrahospitalarias en los trabajadores de salud del INEN.
Maza Gonzalez, Fernando Eduardo
2012-01-01
El control interno ayuda a la administración de una empresa a desarrollar sus actividades dentro de un ambiente de control adecuado. El cambio en la forma de desempeñar las actividades y el pasar del tiempo, permitirá que la administración revise el sistema de control interno y se actualicen los procedimientos. Para desarrollar el tema REVISIÓN, EVALUACIÓN Y REESTRUCTURACIÓN DEL CONTROL INTERNO PARA LAS ÁREAS ADMINISTRATIVA Y CONTABLE DE LA EMPRESA HOTELES DECAMERON ECUADOR S.A. el pres...
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Emeline Boni Campanini
2012-01-01
Full Text Available A bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner produz um corpo de inclusão paraesporal (cristal de natureza proteica, formado durante a esporulação, que atua de forma eficiente no controle de insetos-praga de culturas economicamente importantes. Esse cristal é constituído de proteínas Cry, que são codificadas pelos genes cry; um isolado pode ser caracterizado pelo conteúdo de genes cry que apresenta. Visando caracterizar novos isolados no combate de insetos-praga pertencentes às ordens Lepidoptera e Coleoptera, 76 isolados bacterianos foram analisados molecularmente e tiveram seu potencial de controle avaliado por meio de bioensaios com larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, Sphenophorus levis Vaurie e Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus. As análises moleculares indicaram 11 isolados (14,5% da coleção, contendo genes lepidóptero-específicos e 17 (22,37% com genes coleóptero-específicos. As análises de patogenicidade revelaram dois isolados com alto potencial de controle para lagartas de S. frugiperda, um para larvas de S. levis e seis prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento das larvas de T. molitor. Esses isolados de B. thuringiensis podem ser promissores no controle biológico das referidas pragas.
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Diego Fernando Hernández
2011-01-01
Full Text Available La agrupación de personas en escenarios públicos puede producir vibraciones que generan incomodidad y, en algunas ocasiones, daños a la estructura. Entre las estructuras más vulnerables a esta excitación se encuentran las tribunas de los estadios de fútbol. Por este motivo se diseñó y construyó una tribuna con parámetros dinámicos similares a la tribuna sur del Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero de Cali-Colombia, para representar a escala natural el efecto de las barras bravas al saltar coordinadamente sobre la gradería. En el trabajo descrito en este artículo se utilizó un actuador electromagnético con 13,2 kg de masa móvil y una estrategia de control activo para disminuir las vibraciones producidas por la interacción Humano/Estructura. La estructura junto con el controlador fueron modelados, identificados y validados experimentalmente. El desempeño del sistema de control se verificó en simulación y su estabilidad y robustez se comprobaron con ensayos experimentales con personas con una masa total hasta 232 kg. En los ensayos experimentales el sistema de control disminuyó la respuesta hasta en un 50% de los valores sin control.
MÓDULO CONDUCTUAL INMERSO EN UNA ARQUITECTURA DE CONTROL PARA SISTEMAS MULTI-ROBOTS
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ángel Eduardo Gil Pérez
2016-03-01
Full Text Available El presente trabajo describe el diseño de un módulo conductual para robots de propósito general, implementado en el marco de una arquitectura de control para sistemas multi-robots.El mismo está estructurado en cuatro capas: reactiva, cognitiva, social, y una capa transversal que gestiona un conjunto de emociones básicas, que afectan de forma directael comportamiento del robot y su disposición hacia la ejecución de las tareas y hacia la interrelación con los otros individuos del sistema (es decir, a las otras capas. El objetivo de la arquitectura es brindar una plataforma que facilite los procesos de auto-organización y emergencia del sistema.Se propone un modelo emocional, que toma en consideración cuatro emociones básicas y un estado neutro; esto con el fin de dotar a los robots de un factor adicional que influya en su funcionamiento, que puede ser determinante cuando estos enfrentan situaciones donde la incertidumbre se hace presente. De esta forma, se busca mejorar su proceso de toma de decisión y su adaptación a las dinámicas presentes en el entorno, en particular analizando la influencia de las emociones en sistemas de este tipo.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Urueta Sandino Eduardo
1974-04-01
Full Text Available Resumen. Se efectuaron varios ensayos para determinar el efecto de carbofuran 1.0, 1.5 y 2. 0 kg I. A./ha; carbaril 1.5 y 2. 0 kg I. A. /ha; lindano 1.0 y 1.5 kg I. A. /ha; diazinon 0.5 lt I. A./ha; dicrotofos 0. 5 lt I. A. /ha; fosfamidon 0.6 lt. I. A/ha; y fention 0.5 lt I. A./ha, sobre adultos y larvas de Cephaloleiasp. cerca avagelineataPic., una plaga de la palma africana en Colombia. Todos los insecticidas fueron efectivos para controlar larvas de Cephaloleiasp. en cogollos, hasta por periodos de más de 30 días. El carbofuran 2.0 kg I. A./ha carbaril 2.0 kg l . A./ha y lindano 1. 5 kg I.A. /hafueron los productos más eficientes para controlar adultos de Cephaloleia. sp. protegiendo por 15 días las hojas más jóvenes. Dicrotofos 0.5 lt I. A./ha; diazinon0.5 lt l. A./ha; fention 0.5 itI. A./ha y fosfamidon 0.6 lt I. A/ha, aparentemente no fueron efectivos para controlar las formas adultas de Cephaloleiasp. Ninguno de los insecticidas fue fitotóxico para la palma africana. /Abstract. Several tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness of carbofuran 1. 0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg A.I./ha; carbaryl 1.5, 2.0 kg. A.I./ha; lindane 1.0, 1.5 kg. A.I./ha; phosphamidon 0.6 lt. A.I./ha; fenthion 0.5 lt. A.I./ha; dicrotophos 0.5 lt. A.I /ha; diazinon 0.5 lt. A.I./ha on larvae and adults of Cephaloleia. sp. near vagelineata Pic a Chrysomelidae that affects young oil palm (Elaeisguineensis leaves in Colombia. All of these insecticides controlled well Cepbaloleia sp. larvae for periods over a month. carbofuran 2 kg. A.I./ha; carbaryl 2kg. A.I./ha and lindane 1.5 kg. A. I./ha gave the best control of Cephaloleia. sp. adults, protecting young oil palm leaves up to 15 days. Dicrotophos 0.5 lts. A.I./ha; fenthion 0.5 lt. A. I./ha; phosphamidon 0.6 lt. A.I./ha; diazinon 0.5 lt. A.I./ha; apparently were not effective to control adults of Cephaloleia sp. None of the insecticides tested showed to be phytotoxic to the oil palm.
2010-01-01
... CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEMS § 417.1 Definitions. For purposes of this part, the following... control point. A point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied and, as a... limit. The maximum or minimum value to which a physical, biological, or chemical hazard must be...
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Fabricio Chicaiza
2018-03-01
Full Text Available En la actualidad los sistemas de automatización industrial deben optimizar las técnicas de control y comunicación de sus procesos, para introducir conceptos dados por la Industria 4.0. Para lograr esto se necesita de la introducción de nuevas normas de automatización para obtener sistemas de fabricación ágiles e inteligentes, es por esto que la norma IEC 61499 es considerada como la opción principal. Industria 4.0 en unión con IEC 61499 permitirá la integración de sistemas de adquisición de datos tradicionales y novedosos sistemas de procesamiento inteligente de datos, con el objetivo de extraer información y mejorar el rendimiento general del sistema productivo. El presente trabajo establece un enfoque de arquitectura flexible para el diseño de los Diagramas de Control de Ejecución de los Bloques de Función basado en la norma ISA 88 aplicado a un proceso industrial, lo que permitirá implementar el control industrial bajo IEC 61499 de manera eficiente y rápida permitiendo un diseño se software basado en componentes con independencia de la plataforma hardware usada.
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Maria Isabel Berto
2004-09-01
Full Text Available O trabalho consiste na implementação de um controle convencional PID/SISO-feedback para obter um ajuste fino na temperatura de entrada da água de aquecimento em um processo de pasteurização. Para isto utilizou-se uma resistência de 2500 Watts instalada na linha do fluido secundário da seção de aquecimento do pasteurizador e um Pt100 para a medição de sua temperatura. Como o comportamento desta temperatura em função de uma mesma perturbação degrau de potência na resistência é dependente da vazão de trabalho, objetivou-se encontrar um controle único para que a mesma fosse mantida no set-point desejado na faixa de operação de vazão da água do processo (300 a 700L/h. Três sintonias para o controlador adaptativo PID foram testadas: a primeira consistiu na implementação de uma função adaptativa dos parâmetros PID, ajustada através dos valores individuais obtidos para cada vazão de trabalho conforme metodologia da curva de reação do processo; a segunda consistiu em configurar os parâmetros do PID com os valores médios destes calculados individualmente para cada vazão, e a terceira consistiu na sintonia através de uma função adaptativa ajustada pelos parâmetros de sintonia obtidos pela metodologia de Aström & Hägglund. A avaliação do desempenho das sintonias dos controladores adaptativos foi realizada por comparação dos valores dos índices de erro, obtidos por perturbações do sistema em malha fechada na vazão de água. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que dentre as sintonias testadas, a terceira sintonia, popularmente conhecida como "Bang-Bang", apresentou menores oscilações e os menores valores dos índices de erros.The aim of this work is to implement a conventional PID/SISO feedback control to obtain a fine adjustment of the water inlet temperature at a pasteurization process. For that, a resistance of 2500 Watts and a Pt100 to measure the temperature were installed in the water inlet line of the
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M.S. Moreira
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Após sucessivos anos, aplicações do herbicida glyphosate em pomares de citros no Estado de São Paulo selecionaram biótipos resistentes de Conyza bonariensis e C. canadensis. Na ocorrência de plantas daninhas resistentes em uma área agrícola, tornam-se necessárias mudanças nas práticas de manejo para obtenção de adequado controle das populações resistentes, bem como para a redução da pressão de seleção sobre outras espécies. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar herbicidas alternativos para controle de biótipos de Conyza spp. resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate, com aplicações em diferentes estádios fenológicos da planta daninha. Três experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, em pomares de citros em formação, sobre plantas de buva em estádio fenológico de dez folhas e no pré-florescimento. Para plantas no estádio de dez folhas, controle satisfatório foi obtido com aplicações de glyphosate + bromacil + diuron (1.440 + 1.200 + 1.200 g ha-1, glyphosate + atrazina (1.440 + 1.500 g ha-1 e glyphosate + diuron (1.440 + 1.500 g ha-1. Quando em estádio de pré-florescimento de Conyza spp., a aplicação do herbicida amônio-glufosinato, na dose de 400 g ha-1, isolado ou associado a MSMA, bromacil+diuron, metsulfuron, carfentrazone e paraquat, foi a alternativa viável para controle dos biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate.After successive years, glyphosate applications on São Paulo-Brazil citrus orchards selected resistant biotypes of Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis. The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes at some agricultural area makes it necessary to change the management practices to reach effective control of the selected resistant populations, as well as to reduce selection pressure on the other species. Thus, this work aimed to identify the alternative herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza spp., with applications at different weed phenological
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sanchez P, Marino; Verde R, Cristina [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)
2006-07-01
This document proposes a methodology that reunites support tools for the operator of a Combined Cycle Generating Power Station allowing him to identify and to classify gas turbine faults, it also reunites some tools for the generation of action advices in the decision making on the operation maneuvers necessary to counteract the effects caused by faults. We are talking about a system implemented in a power station with the reconfiguration of processes and fault arrangement capacities. For this purpose, the line of exhibition delimits first the existing knowledge on automatic control and operations supervision systems in a CCPP and immediately emphasizes the cracks of the system to let pass to the fault tolerant active control system that will detect faults of the gas and steam turbo-generators of a Combined Cycle Generating Power Plant. [Spanish] El presente documento propone una metodologia que reuna herramientas de ayuda al operador de una Central Generadora de Electricidad de Ciclo Combinado para permitirle la identificacion y clasificacion de fallas en las turbinas de gas, asi como herramientas para la generacion de consejos de accion en la toma de decisiones sobre las maniobras de operacion necesarias para contrarrestar los efectos provocados por fallas. Se trata principalmente de un sistema implantado en una central con las capacidades de re-configuracion de procesos y acomodo de fallas. Para esto, la linea de exposicion delimita primero el conocimiento existente sobre sistemas automaticos de control y supervision de operacion en una CGCC y resalta enseguida las grietas del sistema para darle paso al sistema de control activo tolerante a fallas que detectara fallas de los turbogeneradores de gas y vapor de una Central Generadora de Electricidad de Ciclo Combinado.
Un juego como estrategia educativa para el control de Aedes aegypti en escolares venezolanos
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Edison Vivas
2003-12-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar el juego conocido por Jugando en salud: dengue, como medio de enseñanza-aprendizaje que favorece la incorporación de los escolares de la segunda etapa de educación básica a las actividades de control del mosquito Aedes aegypti y de prevención del dengue en el municipio de Girardot, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo cuasiexperimental basado en una investigación de campo realizada en 9 escuelas seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio sistemático entre las 29 escuelas estatales del municipio de Girardot, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, que tenían tres o más salones de sexto grado de primaria. En cada escuela se constituyeron tres salones de trabajo: en el grupo de salones no. 1 (210 estudiantes se practicó el juego tres veces por semana durante 60 días y al maestro se le entregó un material teórico sobre el dengue; en el grupo de salones no. 2 (196 estudiantes se utilizó solo el material teórico que se le entregó al maestro, y en el grupo no. 3 o grupo de control (215 estudiantes se siguió la programación habitual establecida por el Ministerio de Educación. A los escolares participantes se les realizó una evaluación antes y después de aplicar el programa propuesto, con un cuestionario que fue evaluado mediante una escala de Likert. Se calcularon las medidas de concentración y dispersión de los datos obtenidos durante las evaluaciones. Se empleó el análisis de la varianza de clasificación simple para comparar los promedios de los datos obtenidos en los distintos salones y detectar diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a conocimientos y destrezas antes y después de aplicar el programa propuesto. Se utilizó la prueba de Scheffé para determinar diferencias dentro de los grupos. RESULTADOS: En la investigación participaron 621 escolares de 8 a 16 años de edad (media: 11,8 años. De los 210 estudiantes que participaron en el juego, 41% lo valoraron ''de alta
Para-Hermitian and para-quaternionic manifolds
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ivanov, S.; Zamkovoy, S.
2003-10-01
A set of canonical para-Hermitian connections on an almost para-Hermitian manifold is defined. A Para-hermitian version of the Apostolov-Gauduchon generalization of the Goldberg-Sachs theorem in General Relativity is given. It is proved that the Nijenhuis tensor of a Nearly para-Kaehler manifolds is parallel with respect to the canonical connection. Salamon's twistor construction on quaternionic manifold is adapted to the para-quaternionic case. A locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) flat structure with parallel Lee form on the Kodaira-Thurston complex surfaces modeled on S 1 x SL (2, R)-tilde is constructed. Anti-self-dual locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) neutral metrics with non vanishing Weyl tensor are obtained on the Inoe surfaces. An example of anti-self-dual neutral metric which is not locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) is constructed. (author)
Para-Hermitian and para-quaternionic manifolds
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ivanov, S [University of Sofia ' St. Kl. Ohridski' , Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia (Bulgaria) and Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy); Zamkovoy, S [University of Sofia ' St. Kl. Ohridski' , Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia (Bulgaria)
2003-10-01
A set of canonical para-Hermitian connections on an almost para-Hermitian manifold is defined. A Para-hermitian version of the Apostolov-Gauduchon generalization of the Goldberg-Sachs theorem in General Relativity is given. It is proved that the Nijenhuis tensor of a Nearly para-Kaehler manifolds is parallel with respect to the canonical connection. Salamon's twistor construction on quaternionic manifold is adapted to the para-quaternionic case. A locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) flat structure with parallel Lee form on the Kodaira-Thurston complex surfaces modeled on S{sup 1} x SL (2, R)-tilde is constructed. Anti-self-dual locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) neutral metrics with non vanishing Weyl tensor are obtained on the Inoe surfaces. An example of anti-self-dual neutral metric which is not locally conformally hyper-para-Kaehler (hypersymplectic) is constructed. (author)
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sepúlveda Estay, Daniel Alberto; Khan, Omera
2016-01-01
teoría de control, y se enuncia una nueva forma de entender la resiliencia en la cadena de suministro. Nuestro trabajo propone un cambio foco desde la confiabilidad de los componentes individuales en la cadena de suministro, hacia el control y un entendimiento más profundo del sistema.......Si se consideran tanto la creciente complejidad de las redes de abastecimiento, como la consecuente exposición de estas redes a interrupciones inesperadas ocasionadas por ciber-ataques, se requiere una forma más amplia para entender los ciber-riesgos en las cadenas de suministro. En este artículo...... se describen algunas de las razones por las que los métodos de evaluación de riesgos actuales son insuficientes, se proporciona una analogía para entender los efectos dinámicos en una empresa, se describe en términos generales lo que significa entender los ciber-riesgos desde el punto de vista de...
F.M. Bertollo; E. Dragoni; V. Giani; L. Gradassi; S. Pancioni
2012-01-01
In this article was made up statistics on food samples collected in 2010 at cooking centers and analyzed for the presence of pathogenic or non-patogenic microorganisms. The results shows that most of the samples respects the limits imposed by reg. 2073/2005, due to the good manufacturing practices and application of HACCP.
Pérez, María; Ministerio de Salud. Lima, Perú.
2017-01-01
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del temefos frente al pyriproxifeno a diferentes dosis (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 y 0.05 ppb) para el control de larvas de Aedes aegypti en condiciones de laboratorio.Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental con grupo de control, que incorporó a 2000 larvas de Aedes aegypti provenientes de la jurisdicción de Collique III Zona, Comas - Perú, y la cepa Rockefeller como control susceptible. Sedeterminó la diferencia en tiempo de inicio de la acción larvicida; así mis...
Una intervención para mejorar el control de la diabetes en Chile
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alberto Barceló
2001-11-01
Full Text Available Objetivos. Investigaciones anteriores han demostrado que el control de la glucemia mejora los desenlaces a corto y largo plazo de los pacientes con diabetes de tipo 1 y 2. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en investigar en un país en desarrollo la eficacia de una intervención que incluyó la educación del paciente, la automonitorización de la glucemia y la determinación de la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c. Métodos. Los pacientes fueron agrupados en tres categorías, teniendo en cuenta características clínicas tales como la duración de la diabetes, su tratamiento y los antecedentes de hospitalización. Los que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo que recibió la intervención educativa (210 pacientes o a un grupo de control que recibió la asistencia habitual (206 pacientes. El grupo de intervención recibió la información educativa necesaria para la automonitorización de la glucemia y para la autoevaluación de las conductas positivas y negativas relacionadas con el control metabólico de la enfermedad. Resultados. Los dos grupos eran similares con respecto a la edad (media de 52,3 y 50,5 años y a la proporción de pacientes con diabetes de tipo 1 (13,8% y 16,0%. Inicialmente no había diferencias entre las concentraciones medias de HbA1c de los dos grupos (8,9 ± 0,1 y 8,9 ± 1,4%. Cincuenta pacientes (un 14,8% del grupo de intervención y un 9,2% del grupo de control abandonaron el estudio de forma prematura. En el grupo de intervención, el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dietéticas aumentó del 57,5% al principio del estudio al 82,5% al final del mismo, lo cual representa un cambio porcentual del 43,5% (P < 0,001; en el grupo de control el cambio registrado no fue significativo. Aunque los pacientes con concentraciones iniciales elevadas de HbA1c estaban subrepresentados en este estudio, la concentración media de HbA1c disminuyó significativamente en el grupo
Irradiation of ready meals for microbiological safety and shelf-life ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Microbiological quality of waakye and other ready-to-eat meals. ... and 14 meals prepared under the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) plan were ... sauce and vegetable salad, exceeded the microbiological standards for such ...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
James Francis Thrasher
2006-01-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: El Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT pretende coordinar las políticas mundiales que reducen el consumo de tabaco. Con toda probabilidad, estas medidas tendrán efectos en países de ingresos medianos y bajos; no obstante, se requieren estudios de evaluación para determinar sus consecuencias y las posibles sinergias entre las directrices. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El Proyecto Internacional de Evaluación de Políticas para el Control del Tabaco (ITC es una colaboración internacional para evaluar el efecto psicosocial y conductual que causan las políticas promovidas por el CMCT en adultos fumadores de nueve países. El marco de evaluación ITC utiliza diversos controles de país, con un diseño longitudinal y un modelo conceptual basado en teorías para probar las hipótesis sobre los efectos anticipados de determinadas políticas. RESULTADOS: Los resultados del análisis de datos confirman por lo general los hallazgos anteriores de investigaciones basadas en las recomendaciones del CMCT, y se refieren a las siguientes políticas: promover etiquetas de advertencia con imágenes gráficas, prohibir el uso de las descripciones "ligero" y "suave", establecer ambientes libres de humo de tabaco, incrementar los impuestos, prohibir la publicidad del cigarro e implementar nuevos métodos para evaluar los componentes del cigarro. CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos iniciales sugieren que los países latinoamericanos podrían aplicar métodos similares para vigilar y evaluar sus propias directrices, así como fortalecer el cuerpo de conocimiento sobre políticas en otros países.OBJECTIVE: The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC aims to coordinate tobacco control policies around the world that reduce tobacco consumption. The FCTC's recommended policies are likely to be effective in low- and middle-income countries. Nevertheless, policy evaluation studies are needed to determine policy impact and potential synergies across policies
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Ellen E. Hardy
1990-10-01
Full Text Available Foram estudadas 257 mulheres com diagnóstico de doença benigna de mama (DBM, atestado por anatomopatológico ou citologia, e um controle para cada uma delas. Foram apresentados resultados das possíveis relações entre variáveis reprodutivas e o risco para DBM. Os casos e controles foram comparados levando em conta a idade na menarca e na menopausa, o número de gravidezes, de meses em que amamentaram e de ciclos menstruais ovulatórios, e os antecedentes familiares de câncer de mama. Mostraram influência significativa, em relação às DBM, a nuliparidade, aumentando o risco enquanto a idade de 30 ou mais anos no primeiro parto o reduziu; o número de ciclos ovulatórios, que foi significativamente maior para os casos, e a média de meses de uso de pílula, menor entre as mulheres com DBM. O uso de contraceptivos orais apresentou um efeito protetor apenas quando a duração total do uso foi maior que dois anos. Os resultados não se revelaram novos ou diferentes se comparados com outros estudos, mas confirmam a relativa concordância entre os fatores de risco para DBM e para câncer de mama, ainda que as relações entre esses fatores e as DBM não sejam tão claras como o são para o câncer, e existam também algumas discrepâncias.The purpose of the study was the identification of risk factors for benign breast diseases (BBD; 257 women with BBD diagnosed through pathological anatomy or citology and a matched control for each were studied. Subjects were selected at The State University of Campinas Hospital and at a private clinic. To enter the study cases had to have a first diagnosis of BBD between October 1979 and August 1984. The following BBD were considered: dysplasia, fibroadenoma, cystic disease, papilloma and ductal ectasia. Reproductive variables were studied as risk factors, including menstrual ovulatory cycles. The date on which the BBD was diagnosed was defined as the index date. For controls, data were considered up to when
Flores Sanchez, Miguel Alfonso; Sandoya Sanchez, Fernando
2009-01-01
En el presente artículo se presenta una síntesis del diseño e implementación de una sistema informático para el análisis, control y planificación de inventarios, basado en las técnicas de optimización. Se implementaron cuatro modelos matemáticos para determinar la cantidad óptima de pedido y el nivel de reordenamiento, desarrollado bajo el lenguaje de programación Visual Basic 6.0 incluidas las herramientas que este presenta para la creación de componentes de código Active X, además se utiliz...
Um desafio para a saúde pública brasileira: o controle do dengue
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria Lucia F. Penna
2003-02-01
Full Text Available Este artigo problematiza a estratégia tradicional de controle do Aedes aegypti por meio do trabalho de guardas sanitários, com visitas periódicas a todas as edificações urbanas. Ela não é viável e/ou não tem factibilidade administrativa atualmente, já que vem sendo proposta desde a década de 80 e não é implementada. A reforma sanitária brasileira priorizou a ampliação da cobertura dos serviços básicos de saúde e não as ações de controle de doenças específicas. O A. aegypti reintroduzido para iniciar a reocupação de seu antigo habitat em 1976, está atualmente em um processo de reocupação do país até atingir seu equilíbrio Isto como problema de saúde coletiva, diz respeito ao meio ambiente urbano, portanto um problema de todos, população e poder público, não apenas da área de saúde. A necessidade da atuação conjunta da área de saneamento e meio ambiente neste caso é ressaltada. Deve-se também repensar a contribuição da população como efetiva e permanente, separando obrigações e direitos do poder público e da população, separando o público do privado. O perigo do reaparecimento da febre amarela deve ser considerado no estabelecimento de uma nova estratégia factível e viável para lidar com o problema do dengue.
Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Ifeoluwa
2012-06-28
Jun 28, 2012 ... ISSN 1684-5315 ©2012 Academic Journals. Full Length Research ... commonly found in corn, peanuts, cottonseed, milk and tree nuts which are ..... Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan for each commodity; genetic breeding of ...
Toxicity test and bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
, however, the prevalence of phage group III and α-haemolytic strains of S. aureus calls for concern since these groups have frequently been implicated in food borne diseases. Effective hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) evaluation ...
Sistema de control de acceso e interbloqueo para el Centro de Inmunología Molecular
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marcel Pedreira Marcel
2013-10-01
Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se muestra el diseño y desarrollo de un sistema de control de acceso e interbloqueo en el Centro de Inmunología Molecular debido a que los sistemas comerciales de este tipo instalados en dicho centro no cumplen todas las necesidades. El sistema propuesto consta de dos tarjetas electrónicas: el controlador de puertas y el controlador de interbloqueo, ambas fueron desarrolladas a base de microcontrolador PIC de Microchip programados usando el compilador PCW de CCS. Estas tarjetas son capaces de comunicarse con dispositivos de lectura de código de barras, proximidad, biométricos o cualquier otro que transmita por protocolo Wiegand. Además deben ser configuradas para que operen de manera deseada, para ello fue desarrollada una aplicación software de parametrización utilizando Qt como framework, e implementando prácticas eficientes de ingeniería de software. Esta aplicación se comunica con los controladores vía RS232 con protocolo Modbus.
Sistema de gestión para el control interno de inventarios en la empresa Agrorab CÍA. LTDA
Vedga Castillo, Jenny Esperanza
2011-01-01
La tesis desarrollada a continuación fue concebida por la necesidad de un mayor conocimiento referente a los beneficios de un control interno en el área de inventarios dentro de la empresa AgroRAB Cía. Ltda. y su incidencia a los resultados financieros de la misma. A continuación damos a conocer el contenido de un trabajo de investigación denominado " Sistema de Gestión para el control interno de inventarios en la empresa AgroRAB Cía. Ltda ", en el cual damos a conocer algunas resoluciones...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Casiane Salete Tibola
2008-02-01
Full Text Available Traceability is becoming the most effective method to provide a safer food chain and connection producers to consumers. This paper report the application and validation of a traceability system on the production chain of peaches, according the rules for Integrated Production of Peach (IP and a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP systems. The harvesting plots were discriminated using a Global Positioning System (GPS device. The horticultural practices were registered in a field book according to the Brazilian IP rules. Boxes to transport the fruit, from the orchard on, were barcode labelled to identify the fruits in terms of origin (orchard and harvesting plot, cultivar, quality, picking date and time. Arriving in the factory, by an optical barcode reading device, the fruits in the boxes were assigned to homogeneous batches. Peach cans were labelled according to their corresponding batch number and monitored based on physical and chemical analysis as preconized by the IP rules and HACCP system. An electronic data base was set up and placed over the Internet. Using the batch number, the history of each peaches can could be traceable back to their harvesting plot. Therefore, manufacturers can monitor the product at any time and take any necessary action, such as product recall and/or product reprocessing.A rastreabilidade está se tornando o método mais efetivo para assegurar uma cadeia alimentar mais segura e conectar produtores e consumidores. Nesse trabalho relatamos a aplicação e validação de um sistema de rastreabilidade na cadeia produtiva do pêssego, de acordo com as Normas Brasileiras para Produção Integrada de Pêssego (PIP e Análises de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC. As parcelas de colheita foram discriminadas utilizando-se um aparelho de GPS (Global Positioning System. As práticas horticulturais foram registradas no caderno de campo, de acordo com as normas da PIP. As caixas para transportar as
Conocimientos sobre estrés, salud y creencias de control para la Atención Primaria de Salud
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David Pérez Núñez
Full Text Available Se realizó una revisión sobre la relación del estrés, salud y creencias de control para la Atención Primaria de Salud, resaltando que el estrés es una condición que de no abordarse adecuadamente sus síntomas producen una serie de trastornos en el individuo, repercutiendo en la salud de este, pudiendo crearse diversos problemas como conflictos, insatisfacciones y dificultad en su desenvolvimiento social. Es decir, el estrés se nos presenta como un fenómeno que representa un modo particular de relación del hombre con el entorno, que tiene diferentes "grados" que se distinguen por la intensidad de las vivencias emocionales presentes, su carácter placentero/displacentero; la magnitud de la estimulación que el sujeto recibe de manera pasiva; o por conllevar una respuesta fisiológica, más o menos específica y que de acuerdo a las creencias de control, son los recursos internos y externos con que cuentan los sujetos para afrontarlo y que de ser adecuados atenuarían los daños a la salud. Este último aspecto nos motivó, por su gran valor, a la actualización en el tema para el equipo básico de salud, donde a partir de su comprensión permitirá el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención que logren atenuar sus efectos sobre la salud de los individuos y familia.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Martinez M, Miguel A; Flores L, Zenon; Delgadillo V, Miguel A; Gutierrez A, Ruben [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)
2001-07-01
This article deals on the Automatic System of Tests, denominated PROBADOR, used by the Gerencia de Control e Instrumentation (GCI) of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE)for the accomplishment of dynamic tests in laboratory, to the systems of acquisition and control developed with the electronic line SAC-IIE that are installed in the Thermoelectric Power station of Combined Cycle (CTCC) of Dos Bocas, Veracruz and Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. Also the architecture, the functions that are carried out in the equipment of the System of Acquisition and control (SAC) and in the personal computer (PC) that conforms it are described, as well as the methodology used for the development of the tests. The PC constitutes Interface Man-Machine (IMM) and in the SAC equipment the simulation of the processes is made (by means of the execution of algebraic-differential equations) in the compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, heat recuperators, steam turbines and condenser equipment that integrate a CTCC. The equations that are used are based in the thermodynamics, flow dynamics and heat transfer; they become attached to the real process with a margin of error that is estimated in 10%. Finally, the tendencies of the PROBADOR and the technical and economic advantages are described that it has provided for the improvement in the performance of the control systems, before different situations, with no need to have the real process. [Spanish] Este articulo versa sobre el Sistema Automatico de Pruebas, denominado PROBADOR, utilizado por la Gerencia de Control e Instrumentacion (GCI) del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas para la realizacion de pruebas dinamicas en laboratorio, a los sistemas de adquisicion y control desarrollado con la linea electronica SAC-IIE que estan instalados en las Centrales Termoelectricas de Ciclo Combinado (CTCC) de Dos Bocas, Veracruz y Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. Tambien se describen la arquitectura, las funciones que se llevan
Nucleo multiprocessado para aplicações em tempo-real
Roberto Andre Hexsel
1988-01-01
Resumo: Esta Dissertação descreve o nucleo de tempo-real do Multiprocessador para Sistemas de Controle (MSC). O MSC foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Automação do Centro Tecnológico para Informática e possui características que o tornam adequado a aplicações em controle de processos e automação industrial. Estas aplicações exigem respostas rápidas a eventos externos e grande capacidade de processamento. O MSC pode ser configurado para satisfazer as mais diversas aplicações e diferentes níveis ...
[Preliminary studies on critical control point of traceability system in wolfberry].
Liu, Sai; Xu, Chang-Qing; Li, Jian-Ling; Lin, Chen; Xu, Rong; Qiao, Hai-Li; Guo, Kun; Chen, Jun
2016-07-01
As a traditional Chinese medicine, wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) has a long cultivation history and a good industrial development foundation. With the development of wolfberry production, the expansion of cultivation area and the increased attention of governments and consumers on food safety, the quality and safety requirement of wolfberry is higher demanded. The quality tracing and traceability system of production entire processes is the important technology tools to protect the wolfberry safety, and to maintain sustained and healthy development of the wolfberry industry. Thus, this article analyzed the wolfberry quality management from the actual situation, the safety hazard sources were discussed according to the HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control point) and GAP (good agricultural practice for Chinese crude drugs), and to provide a reference for the traceability system of wolfberry. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
Época apropriada para a poda apical do algodoeiro para o controle de pragas
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Robério Carlos dos Santos Neves
2010-12-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a época apropriada para a realização da poda apical em algodoeiro. O trabalho foi realizado durante as safras de 2008 e 2009 (maio a novembro em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em dois ambientes, com as variedades: BRS 201, de fibra branca, e BRS Rubi, BRS Safira e BRS Verde, de fibra colorida, em Paudalho, PE; e BRS 201 e BRS Rubi, em Surubim, PE. A poda apical consistiu na retirada dos ápices das plantas com estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas, em duas idades fenológicas: com 50% das maçãs maduras (poda I e no surgimento dos primeiros capulhos (poda II. A poda I resultou em maior retirada de botões florais do que a poda II. Em ambas as podas, houve a retirada de cinco nós dos ponteiros. A produção e a qualidade de fibra não diferiram entre plantas podadas ou não. Um número significativo de estruturas atacadas foi eliminado pela poda. A poda apical é recomendada para reduzir o número de estruturas não produtivas, ao final da safra, que são utilizadas como hospedeiras de pragas
Determination of Profiles of Human Bacteria Pathogens in Nigerian Fish and Seafood for Export
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Falana, A. A. [National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) (Nigeria)
2005-01-15
It may be concluded from this project that L. monocytogenes and V. cholerae are part of the normal flora of the tropical marine and fishing boat environment, and can be controlled through the implementation of safety assurance schemes such as Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems. It is noteworthy that pathogens were detected in seafood at the inception of the project but after the workshop training for the exporters on safe handling practices, these pathogens have been eliminated in packaged raw seafood products. This improvement was also reflected in the low levels of S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus obtained in the samples that were analysed. It is expected that with maintenance of, and strict adherence to the GHP and HACCP systems, Nigerian seafood products would be readily acceptable in the EU and the world market. (author)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Millene Caroline Albino de Oliveira
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Uma sala do Perlstein Hall, da Illinois Institute of Techonology, (Chicago, IL, USA possui um sistema de aquecimento, ventilação e ar condicionado (em inglês – HVAC equipado com um sensor de gás carbônico, cujo intuito é regular diretamente a qualidade do ar e assegurar que a sala esteja em condições aceitáveis. Este procedimento, porém, pode colocar uma carga extra no sistema HVAC e aumentar o consumo de energia. Desta forma, o objetivo principal do trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de uma estratégia de controle de temperatura e concentração de CO2 para o sistema em questão, utilizando um controlador Proporcional-Integral (PI. Dados coletados em testes realizados na sala foram utilizados para a estimação dos parâmetros das funções de transferência e dos controladores. Inicialmente, os controladores foram testados separadamente e, em seguida, em conjunto. Pode-se observar que o controlador PI obteve bons resultados, apesar do overshoot e oscilações do sistema já observados pela literatura, conseguindo atingir o set point desejado de temperatura de 70°F e de concentração de CO2 de 150 ppm. Palavras-chave: HVAC, Controle, controlador PI.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maritza Bracho de Rodríguez
2012-12-01
Full Text Available Using the Distributed Artificial Intelligence and the Distributed Robotics as a frame of reference, in this work are designed, developed and implemented algorithms to control autonomous, mobile, reactive, rational, proactive and sociable small robots. These minibots are capable to exhibit behaviors inspired in biological societies. Through the development of this work it was found that if the robot has to perform simple tasks, a reactive architecture is more convenient, efficient and effective. While for the performance of tasks of medium or greater complexity, is recommend the use of a hybrid architecture that allows the incorporation of deliberative reasoning.// RESUMEN: Tomando como marco de referencia a la Inteligencia Artificial Distribuida y la Robótica Distribuida, en este trabajo se diseñan, desarrollan e implementan algoritmos para el control de pequeños robots autónomos, móviles, reactivos, racionales, proactivos y sociables. Estos minibots son capaces de exhibir comportamientos inspirados en las sociedades biológicas. En los resultados alcanzados durante el desarrollo de este trabajo se encontró que cuando el robot debe ejecutar tareas simples, la arquitectura reactiva es la más conveniente, eficiente y efectiva, mientras que para la ejecución de tareas de complejidad mediana o mayor, es más recomendable el uso de arquitecturas hibridas que permitan la incorporación de procesos deliberativos.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
F.M. Bertollo
2012-08-01
Full Text Available In this article was made up statistics on food samples collected in 2010 at cooking centers and analyzed for the presence of pathogenic or non-patogenic microorganisms. The results shows that most of the samples respects the limits imposed by reg. 2073/2005, due to the good manufacturing practices and application of HACCP.
Projeto e análise do controle térmico para o microssatélite universitário ITASAT-1
Marcelo Petry Rodrigues
2011-01-01
O presente trabalho tem por foco o desenvolvimento e análise do controle térmico do primeiro micro satélite universitário brasileiro, ITASAT-1, de forma que atenda as necessidades impostas em nível de Preliminary Design Review - PDR (revisão de analíse preliminar) do projeto, para tanto foi analisado os casos críticos previstos para o satélite em seu vôo órbital. O presente satélite faz parte do programa ITASAT, que é uma ação conjunta do Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Instituto ...
Roth, Eva; Rosenthal, Harald
2006-01-01
Over the past years the export of agricultural and fishery products from developing countries has substantially increased to markets within the OECD. Retailers and importers are expanding their international operations to meet consumer demands for year-round delivery of products. Moreover, consumers have become increasingly concerned about the safety of food, including those derived from aquatic resources [FAO/NACA/WHO Joint Study Group, 1999. Report food safety issues associated with products from aquaculture. WHO Technical Report Series No 883: VII, pp. 1-55]. Governments and leading businesses are responding by imposing new safety regulations and standards to the international food system (e.g. HACCP, EUREP-GAP), product liability and labeling [Reilly, A., Howgate, P., Käferstein, F., 1997. Safety hazards and the application of HACCP in aquaculture. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Fish Inspection and Quality Control: A Global Focus, Arlington, VA, 19-24 May 1996. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, pp. 353-373]. Initial concerns for imports of aquacultural products from developing to industrialized countries focussed on bacterial contamination [Buras, N. 1993. Microbial safety of produce from wastewater-fed aquaculture. In: Pullin, R.V.C., Rosenthal, H., MacLean, J.L.(Eds.), Proceedings of ICLARM Conferences, vol. 31, pp. 285-295]. Today, if trade opportunities are to be maintained, these countries must adapt to a full array of regulations and standards. This paper describes four scenarios in aquaculture and fishing product trade between developing countries and countries in the European Union.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Roth, Eva; Rosenthal, Harald
2006-01-01
Over the past years the export of agricultural and fishery products from developing countries has substantially increased to markets within the OECD. Retailers and importers are expanding their international operations to meet consumer demands for year-round delivery of products. Moreover, consumers have become increasingly concerned about the safety of food, including those derived from aquatic resources [FAO/NACA/WHO Joint Study Group, 1999. Report food safety issues associated with products from aquaculture. WHO Technical Report Series No 883: VII, pp. 1-55]. Governments and leading businesses are responding by imposing new safety regulations and standards to the international food system (e.g. HACCP, EUREP-GAP), product liability and labeling [Reilly, A., Howgate, P., Kaeferstein, F., 1997. Safety hazards and the application of HACCP in aquaculture. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Fish Inspection and Quality Control: A Global Focus, Arlington, VA, 19-24 May 1996. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, pp. 353-373]. Initial concerns for imports of aquacultural products from developing to industrialized countries focussed on bacterial contamination [Buras, N. 1993. Microbial safety of produce from wastewater-fed aquaculture. In: Pullin, R.V.C., Rosenthal, H., MacLean, J.L.(Eds.), Proceedings of ICLARM Conferences, vol. 31, pp. 285-295]. Today, if trade opportunities are to be maintained, these countries must adapt to a full array of regulations and standards. This paper describes four scenarios in aquaculture and fishing product trade between developing countries and countries in the European Union
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Roth, Eva [University of South Denmark, Department of Environmental and Business Economics, Niels Bohrs vej 9, DK-6700 Esbjerg (Denmark); Institute for Marine Research, University Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel (Germany); Rosenthal, Harald [University of South Denmark, Department of Environmental and Business Economics, Niels Bohrs vej 9, DK-6700 Esbjerg (Denmark); Institute for Marine Research, University Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel (Germany)
2006-07-01
Over the past years the export of agricultural and fishery products from developing countries has substantially increased to markets within the OECD. Retailers and importers are expanding their international operations to meet consumer demands for year-round delivery of products. Moreover, consumers have become increasingly concerned about the safety of food, including those derived from aquatic resources [FAO/NACA/WHO Joint Study Group, 1999. Report food safety issues associated with products from aquaculture. WHO Technical Report Series No 883: VII, pp. 1-55]. Governments and leading businesses are responding by imposing new safety regulations and standards to the international food system (e.g. HACCP, EUREP-GAP), product liability and labeling [Reilly, A., Howgate, P., Kaeferstein, F., 1997. Safety hazards and the application of HACCP in aquaculture. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Fish Inspection and Quality Control: A Global Focus, Arlington, VA, 19-24 May 1996. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, pp. 353-373]. Initial concerns for imports of aquacultural products from developing to industrialized countries focussed on bacterial contamination [Buras, N. 1993. Microbial safety of produce from wastewater-fed aquaculture. In: Pullin, R.V.C., Rosenthal, H., MacLean, J.L.(Eds.), Proceedings of ICLARM Conferences, vol. 31, pp. 285-295]. Today, if trade opportunities are to be maintained, these countries must adapt to a full array of regulations and standards. This paper describes four scenarios in aquaculture and fishing product trade between developing countries and countries in the European Union.
A discussion on establishment of GIP management system for food irradiation facilities
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Lu Jiang; Shi Hua; Li Ruisong; Li Shurong; Zhou Hongjie; Ha Yiming
2005-01-01
This article analyses the hazard factors and selects Critical Control Point (CCP) for food irradiation process (including staff, facilities and processing) using HACCP version. The principles and method of GIP system for food irradiation plant are also discussed. (authors)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alvarez Alfaro, Luis Diego
2012-07-01
The Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Atomicas, Nucleares y Moleculares of the Universidad de Costa Rica has seen the need to automate the process of changing filters, so that no person has to be exposed to the radiation emitted by the source, which can be very harmful to health. A graphical interface and a controller is implemented using the LabView software, to manipulate and detect the position of a rotating disk to a radiation source. The rotary disk is used in the Center by means of a microcontroller Arduino UNO and a stepper motor. An actuator and a stepper motor, controlled through signals sent by an Arduino UNO, have been defined and implemented in a first stage, by an integrated module of bridges H and an optical system to locate the position of the filters. The second stage has been the creation in parallel of a virtual instrument in LabView, with routines able to move the stepper motor shaft to a desired position, along with its graphical interface, adaptable to any stepper motor bipolar or unipolar, and simple to use. The program has been validated to verify proper operation, by a routine in which filters are chosen randomly and persons handling the program. The stages have been documented along with the user manual for proper use of virtual instrument and system assembly. (author) [Spanish] El Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Atomicas, Nucleares y Moleculares de la Universidad de Costa Rica ha visto la necesidad de automatizar el proceso de cambio de filtros, de tal manera que ninguna persona tuviera que estar expuesta a la radiacion emitida por la fuente, que puede resultar muy danina para la salud. Una interfaz grafica y un controlador se ha implementado utilizando el software LabView, para manipular y detectar la posicion de un disco giratorio para una fuente de radiacion. El disco giratorio es utilizado en el Centro por medio de un microcontrolador Arduino UNO y un motor a pasos. Un actuador y un motor a pasos, controlados a traves de senales
Gráficos difusos versus gráficos tradicionales para el control de procesos por atributos
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Vivian Lorena Chud Pantoja
2017-05-01
Full Text Available Los gráficos de control son una buena herramienta controlar procesos. Han sido ampliamente utilizados —y aún ahora se utilizan— en la mayoría de los procesos manufactureros. Sin embargo, se han presentado propuestas orientadas a mejorar el desempeño de los mismos, principalmente en los aspectos referentes a la incertidumbre y ambigüedad existente en los datos. En este sentido, los gráficos de control difusos son una alternativa valiosa para mejorar el desempeño de los gráficos tradicionales. Se presenta, entonces, una comparación de los gráficos de control Shewhart (tradicionales y los gráficos de control difusos por atributos, con el objetivo de establecer las similitudes y diferencias existentes entre las dos metodologías. De esta manera, se desarrolla un ejemplo numérico de un gráfico tradicional c y gráficos difusos construidos a partir de las siguientes técnicas de transformación: moda difusa, mediana difusa, rango medio difuso y enfoque difuso directo. Para realizar una comparación se utilizaron las reglas de evaluación de patrones de comportamiento no natural en un gráfico de control. A partir de los resultados de la comparación realizada en esta investigación se concluye que al utilizar las reglas de evaluación en ambos gráficos con los mismos datos no se obtienen diferencias en los resultados. (Abstract. Control charts are the main tool in the process control. They have been widely used and are still used in most manufacturing processes. However, proposals have emerged that seek to improve their performance, mainly about topics which involve the vagueness and uncertainty of the data. In this sense, fuzzy control charts area an important alternative for improve the performance of control charts. We present a comparison of Shewhart control charts (traditional and fuzzy control charts for attributes with the aim of establishing similarities and differences between the two methodologies. We develop a numerical
Microbiological criteria for good manufacturing practice (GMP)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Farkas, J [Inst. of Preservation and Livestock Products Technology, Univ. of Horticulture and Food Industry, Budapest (Hungary); Zukal, E [Inst. of Preservation and Livestock Products Technology, Univ. of Horticulture and Food Industry, Budapest (Hungary)
1992-01-01
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) consist of an effective manufacturing operation and an effective application of food control. GMP is best supported by the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system (HACCP) of the preventive quality assurance, which requires that food irradiation as any food processing technology should be used only with foods of an acceptable quality and adequate handling and storage procedures should precede and follow the processing. The paper concentrates on the first element of the HACCP system for an irradiation plant: the incoming product control, i.e. whether GMP of foods to be irradiated can be assessed by establishing microbiological criteria for their previous good manufacturing practice. In this regard, it summarizes considerations and findings of a ''Consultation on Microbiological Criteria for Foods to be Further Processed Including by Irradiation'' held in 1989 by the International Consultative Group on Food irradiation at the Headquarters of the World Health Organization, Geneva. Difficulties in establishing reference values and defining good manufacturing practices will be pointed out. (orig.)
Microbiological criteria for good manufacturing practice (GMP)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Farkas, J.; Zukal, E.
1992-01-01
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) consist of an effective manufacturing operation and an effective application of food control. GMP is best supported by the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system (HACCP) of the preventive quality assurance, which requires that food irradiation as any food processing technology should be used only with foods of an acceptable quality and adequate handling and storage procedures should precede and follow the processing. The paper concentrates on the first element of the HACCP system for an irradiation plant: the incoming product control, i.e. whether GMP of foods to be irradiated can be assessed by establishing microbiological criteria for their previous good manufacturing practice. In this regard, it summarizes considerations and findings of a ''Consultation on Microbiological Criteria for Foods to be Further Processed Including by Irradiation'' held in 1989 by the International Consultative Group on Food irradiation at the Headquarters of the World Health Organization, Geneva. Difficulties in establishing reference values and defining good manufacturing practices will be pointed out. (orig.) [de
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Delgadillo Valencia, Miguel Angel; Hernandez Cuellar, Maria Aurora [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)
2008-07-01
A control strategy for the drum level control of a combined cycle power plant is presented. This strategy is based on the conventional three element system with variable proportional gain in the master and slave controllers. The dynamic behavior of the proposed strategy is compared with a former one showing a better answer especially at full load (generated electric energy) with the supplementary fire (duct burners or after burners) in operation. When the feed water control valve is near its full opening, this strategy can avoid as much as possible the saturation of the control signal to the valve, with elimination of the permanent oscillation of the controlled variable (drum level). The control system behavior also shows good stability from start up to full load, including the transition from one to three elements operating mode and vice verse, as well as the duct burners' ignition. Similar stability is shown during the stop of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) from full load with duct fire in operation to the HRSG out of service. Due to the performance of the blocks communication software of the commercial equipment in use, a transition band of the steam flow signal is proposed, in order to assure a three to one or one to three element bump less transfer operation. Simulation laboratory tests were applied to the proposed control strategy with a simplified dynamic process model, before the control system was put into operation in site. Real process runs and the control-tune parameters are presented. [Spanish] Estudios de investigacion muestran interes en resolver problemas de inestabilidad de control de nivel, en generadores de vapor de plantas generadoras de energia electrica, disenando modelos del fenomeno del nivel del domo, para establecer una estrategia de control para sistemas de control de agua de alimentacion. Sin embargo, una estrategia de control basada en un modelo puede ser dificil de entender para los ingenieros de control, especialmente
CONTROL PREDICTIVO HIBRIDO PARA FLOTACION DE MINERALES
PUTZ DE LA FUENTE, EDUARDO IGNACIO
2014-01-01
La minería es el sector de mayor actividad en la economía nacional, posicionando a Chile como el mayor productor y exportador de cobre a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, aún existen grandes desafíos que buscan mitigar el aumento en los costos de la energía y la disminución de las leyes de mineral, así como la promoción de nuevas tecnologías. Bajo este contexto, las tecnologías de automatización se presentan como una alternativa viable y necesaria para aumentar la productividad y confiabil...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Vazquez Roman, Miguel
2004-10-15
as static interaction compensators with the most common methods found in the bibliography: ideal, simplified and inverse were designed. Simulation tests for the analysis of the compensator with reference changes for anode pressure, cathode pressure changes as well as for cell temperature carried out. Also, a fuzzy compensator to carry out the analysis in the whole operation range were designed. [Spanish] En este trabajo se reporta el diseno de un sistema de control integrado por controladores PID difusos, que conjunta las tecnicas de control multimodo y de ganancias programadas, y el diseno de un compensador que reduce los efectos de interaccion entre los lazos de control del sistema multivariable. El modelo matematico que se simulo en este trabajo de tesis tiene la caracteristica de ser un modelo no lineal. Su rango de validez abarca hasta 1440 watts, para un diseno nominal de 1 KW de potencia. Para llevar a cabo el diseno del Controlador PID difuso, primero se disenaron controladores PID convencionales en tres puntos de operacion de demanda de potencia: 0 W, 500 W y 1000 W. La metodologia de ajuste empleada para la determinacion de las ganancias del control PID convencional fue la de cancelacion de polos. Esta metodologia requirio de la identificacion lineal del proceso en los tres puntos de operacion mencionados: baja, media y alta potencia. Con la informacion obtenida de los controladores convencionales ajustados en los tres puntos de operacion, fue posible el diseno de controladores PID difusos basados en el sistema TSK. Para este trabajo de tesis el metodo es solo equivalente a la tecnica de ganancias programadas ya que solo se usan controladores PID convencionales con la misma estructura. Se diseno tambien un esquema de control con un compensador el cual tiene como funcion el reducir los efectos de interaccion entre los lazos de control. Dicho compensador se localizo entre el controlador y la planta y solamente introduce factores de compensacion entre las
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jorge Cuadrado-Reyes
2012-01-01
Full Text Available El propósito de esta investigación es estudiar la aplicabilidad de la Percepción Subjetiva del Esfuerzo (PSE desde una doble perspectiva, en primer lugar, como apoyo al seguimiento de la cuantificación de la carga administrada en los entrenamientos en deportes colectivos, y en segundo lugar, como herramienta ad hoc para el control diario del entrenamiento sobre lo planificado por el cuerpo técnico. La frecuencia cardiaca de reserva (FCR ha sido utilizada para controlar la carga interna de cada sesión. Trece jugadores pertenecientes a un equipo de balonmano de División de Honor española participaron en la investigación llevada a cabo a lo largo de una temporada. Los resultados mostraron que la PSE es un buen indicador de la carga de entrenamiento, consiguiéndose además un procedimiento válido para comparar valores de la carga planificada por el equipo técnico (PSEp con respecto a los valores reales de entrenamiento (PSEg (rxy= .792; p < .01. Se puede concluir que la PSE junto a la FCR (rxy= .839; p < .01 son buenos marcadores para el control de la carga de entrenamiento, no invasivos, y permiten monitorizar los estados de forma de los jugadores a lo largo de la temporada.
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Guillermo Vargas-Hernández
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Se analizó la cadena de procesos y subprocesos de los sistemas de producción de hortalizas para consumo fresco. Se establecieron 44 Situaciones de Riesgo Potencial (SRP, las cuales se estructuraron como preguntas que conformaron una encuesta para entrevistar agricultores, con el fin de establecer el grado de cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención de riesgos de inocuidad en hortalizas de consumo fresco. Se definieron las variables que se deben considerar y la fórmula para cuantificar el riesgo. La encuesta se aplicó a un grupo focal de 70 productores de 13 diferentes zonas productoras del Valle Central en Costa Rica. Se utilizó un panel de expertos que valoraran el nivel de riesgo, para la inocuidad final del producto que podrían generar criterios sobre los distintos aspectos evaluados en la encuesta, para identificar así, los puntos críticos de control. La validación estadística de la encuesta mostró que el análisis de factores identificó un único factor que explica el 10% de la variancia. El valor obtenido para el Alpha de Cronbach fue de 0,9150 lo que indica un alto nivel de confiabilidad. Los resultados del índice en escala 0–100 señalan que para la población evaluada, todas las zonas productoras de hortalizas presentan altos niveles de riesgo de contaminación, aunque mostró que Llano Grande de Cartago la que presenta el menor riesgo, con un valor de 49, y la zona Este de Heredia la que presenta el mayor valor, con 71. Los resultados también confirmaron altos valores de riesgo de contaminación en todos los cultivos evaluados, y particularmente el tomate presentó el mayor riesgo, con un valor de 64 y el apio con el menor riesgo ya que mostró un valor de 54.
Solutions for the food processing industry; Shokuhin seizogyo solution
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Toda, T; Iwami, N [Fuji Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
1999-09-10
To improve quality control and maintain stable operation, the food processing industry requires problem solutions in total, including not only processing and operation control divisions but also quality control, design and production technology, and maintenance divisions. This paper describes solutions for HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) support, quality control, and maintenance, in order to improve the quality level, ensure traceability and realize stable processing operations. (author)
Microbial risk assessment (MRA) in the food industry is used to support HACCP – which largely focuses on bacterial pathogen control in processing foodstuffs Potential role of microbially-contaminated water used in food production is not as well understood Emergence...
Riaño Sabogal, Diana Alejandra.
2010-01-01
En esta monografía se recopila información sobre las últimas tecnologías de comunicación industrial a nivel mundial para la automatización de los procesos en plantas de producción y lograr el mejoramiento en cuanto a la eficiencia, costos, calidad del producto final, disponibilidad y seguridad de la planta y su personal operativo. En el presente trabajo se realizará un estudio de integración de redes de instrumentación inteligente en sistemas de control para el mejoramiento de procesos ind...
Middleware Cerberus usando RFID para rastreabilidade bovina
Silva, Márcio Roberto
2009-01-01
A gerência na zootecnia de precisão é cada vez mais necessária para garantia de lucros e a conquista de novos mercados os quais exigem qualidade e certificação. Nesta dissertação é abordado um sistema de rastreabilidade para o controle na bovinocultura utilizando chips RFID. Sendo que a identificação segura dos animais é a base para a rastreabilidade bovina e bubalina. Em vista as exigências do mercado consumidor o governo brasileiro instituiu o Sistema Brasileiro de Identificação e Certifica...
Análisis mediante simulación de mecanismos de control de acceso al medio para redes RFID
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Yusniel Ruiz Reyez
2011-05-01
Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} La identificación por radio frecuencia constituye una tecnología que permite la identificación de manera única de objetos. El empleo de un canal compartido para la comunicación entre los objetos a identificar y los lectores, determinan la presencia de colisiones que se producen cuando dos o más objetos intentan identificarse de manera simultánea. El estándar EPCglobal Clase 1 Generación 2 define un protocolo de control de acceso al medio para ser empleado en sistemas RFID pasivos definiendo para ello ciclos de identificación que son marcados por el lector y cada uno de ellos es divido en ranuras de tiempo o slot; de esta manera el protocolo se puede implementar siguiendo tres posibles variantes: trama estática, trama adaptativa ciclo a ciclo y trama adaptativa slot a slot. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de cada una de estas variantes y son mostrados los resultados obtenidos mediante simulación que demuestran cuál de ellas presenta los mejores resultados así como las limitaciones e inconvenientes de cada una.
Recomendaciones para la vigilancia de Aedes aegypti
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Roberto Barrera
2016-09-01
Full Text Available La enfermedades causadas por arbovirus transmitidos por Aedes aegypti, como el dengue, el chikungunya y el zika, continúan aumentando en incidencia anual y expansión geográfica. Una limitación clave para el control de A. aegypti ha sido la ausencia de herramientas eficaces para vigilar su población y poder determinar las medidas de control que realmente funcionan. La vigilancia de A. aegypti se ha basado principalmente en la obtención de los índices aédicos, los cuales guardan poca relación con el número de hembras del mosquito, que son las responsables de la transmisión de los virus. El reciente desarrollo de técnicas de muestreo de adultos de este vector promete facilitar las labores de vigilancia y control. En esta revisión se presentan las diversas técnicas de vigilancia del mosquito, así como una discusión sobre su utilidad, con recomendaciones para lograr una vigilancia entomológica más efectiva.
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Martinez Najera, Juan Diego [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)
2002-06-01
This paper establishes the theoretical foundations of a mathematical methodology to approach the rehabilitation of aquifers contaminated by dissolved substances, with the assistance of numerical techniques. The derived algorithms are of control or management type, since simultaneously to the predictive numerical solution of the solute transport equation, they determine those solutions that fulfil water quality restrictions. The controlling variable is the concentration of the polluting agent dissolved in the flow field. The considerations are kinematics because they take into account the advection and dispersion terms, but they also considerate the first order kinetic sorption model and the sources/sinks for the concentration. We describe the physical arguments and mathematical theory of subdiferentials necessary to establish the control problem of initial and boundary values for the solutes transport equation; afterwards, the primal variational model and the mixed of dual internal control as well as the formal discrete version of both formulations are obtained, so that solution algorithms of finite element semi discrete type are generated. Due to the hyperbolic-parabolic character of the transport equation, when the advective tem is dominant, in this work it is approximated by means of the lkeda's partial upwind technique. To prove the theory a hypothetical example is presented, and we analyze the two possible cases for the concentration of a polluting agent: when it dose not exceed and when it escapes the regulator limits of water quality. In both situations the primal and mixed algorithms determine the appropriate numerical solutions of each kind of problem. [Spanish] Este trabajo establece los fundamentos teoricos de una metodologia matematica para abordar la rehabilitacion de mantos acuiferos contaminados por sustancias disueltas, con la asistencia de tecnicas numericas. Los algoritmos que se derivan son de control o de manejo, ya que inmerso a la
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Ricardo López
2014-07-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Los exoesqueletos mecánicos son robots acoplados a las extremidades del cuerpo humano enfocados en el incremento de su fuerza, velocidad y rendimiento principalmente. Las principales aplicaciones son en la milicia, en la industria y en la medicina. El exoesqueleto se puede utilizar para la rehabilitación de las extremidades cuando por causas de algún accidente o enfermedad se tiene una actividad muscular reducida o nula. En este artículo se presenta un exoesqueleto de dos grados de libertad para realizar ejercicios de rehabilitación para tobillo y rodilla. El diseño y fabricación del exoesqueleto está basado en la instrumentación de una ortesis del miembro inferior derecho. El Exoesqueleto utiliza sensores que estiman la fuerza producida por el humano y se encuentran incorporados en los actuadores de tipo SEA (Series Elastic Actuator que se utilizan para amplificar la fuerza humana. Además mediante sensores se estima la posición y velocidad angular de las articulaciones, que se utilizan para controlar el movimiento de la pierna. En el artículo se presentan: un estudio del modelo dinámico del exoesqueleto y de los actuadores acoplados por medio del método de perturbaciones singulares, el diseño de un control basado en la suma de fuerzas generadas por el humano y el exoesqueleto, el diseño y fabricación del prototipo experimental y sus actuadores. Se realizaron simulaciones que muestran el buen desempeño del controlador propuesto. Los resultados experimentales muestran que existe una amplificación de la fuerza generada por el portador y amplificada por la mecánica del exoesqueleto, ofreciendo una disminución en el esfuerzo del usuario para mantenerse de pie y realizar ejercicios de flexión y extensión de las articulaciones. De manera que la amplificación de la fuerza puede aumentarse o disminuirse según se necesite, permitiendo al usuario una mejora evolutiva hasta llegar a la rehabilitación completa. Abstract
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Lucila Coelho Pamplona
2004-12-01
Full Text Available Royal jelly (RJ is used as a revitalizing tonic. In order to avoid rejection to its acid taste, it is added to honey. There are regulations for honey and for royal jelly separately but not for the mixture. The objective of this work is, therefore, to verify if the same methods used for pure honey quality control can be used for honey mixed with royal jelly and also the presence of RJ through 10-HDA determination. The methods used were: moisture, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, ash, hydroxymethylfurfural, insoluble solids, diastase activity, acidity and 10-HDA. Samples were prepared by adding 0-100% of RJ in honey. The results showed that the ash method was the only suitable one to all the samples. The acidity analysis (direct titration was suitable to 0-30%RJ samples; the reducing sugar analysis was suitable to 0-20% RJ samples. Concerning moisture analysis the refractometric method is suitable to 0-10% RJ and the Infra Red method is suggested to be used for samples with more than 10% RJ. The methods for diastase activity, HMF, apparent sucrose and insoluble solids were inadequate for all samples with RJ. The presence of RJ in the samples was confirmed by the 10-HDA analyses.A geléia real (GR é utilizada como produto revitalizante com sabor ácido e adstringente. Para evitar rejeição a este sabor, existem misturas de mel com GR. Existe legislação específica para o mel e para a GR separadamente, mas não para a mistura. Os objetivos do trabalho são: verificar se os métodos usados para o controle de qualidade do mel puro podem ser utilizados no controle do mel com GR e verificar a presença de GR pela determinação do 10-HDA. As análises incluíram: umidade, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente, cinzas, hydroxymethylfurfural, sólidos insolúveis, atividade diastásica, acidez e 10-HDA. As amostras foram preparadas com 0-100% de GR no mel. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que dos métodos citados na legislação do mel somente o de
Control desacoplado de un actuador de rigidez variable para robots asistenciales
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J. Medina
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Resumen: Los actuadores de rigidez variable son dispositivos que permiten cambiar la posición y rigidez articular de un robot en forma simultánea. En los últimos años se han diseñado y desarrollado muchos dispositivos de este tipo, con la esperanza de favorecer la seguridad en la interacción humano-robot y mejorar el rendimiento dinámico de los robots. En este artÃculo se presenta el desarrollo de un controlador para un actuador de rigidez variable de configuración serie. La estrategia de control se basa en la linealización por realimentación y el ajuste de dos controladores lineales. Esta estrategia permite el seguimiento de referencias de posición y rigidez articular de forma simultánea y desacoplada. Además, se realizan simulaciones en las que se incorpora este dispositivo dentro del robot asistencial ASIBOT, a fin de evaluar el desempeño del controlador, los cambios en la dinámica del robot y las posibles ventajas que tendrá la inclusión del mismo a nivel de seguridad en la interacción fÃsica humano-robot. Abstract: The variable stiffness actuators are devices that change the position and stiffness of a robot simultaneously. In recent years have been designed and developed many devices of this type, hoping to ensure safety in human-robot interaction and improve the dynamic performance of robots. In this article, we present the control of a variable stiffness actuator with serial conï¬guration. The control strategy is based on feedback linearization and adjustment of two linear controllers. This allows the control, independently, of the stiffness and the equilibrium position of the joint. Finally, the behavior of this device within the assistive robot ASIBOT, is simulated in order to assess: the controller performance, changes in the dynamics of the robot and possible advantages of a level of safety during physical interaction human-robot. Palabras clave: control de robot
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Alessandra Ximenes da Silva
2007-06-01
Full Text Available O artigo trata da nova forma de relacionamento entre Estado e sociedade a partir da década de 80, na realidade brasileira. Destacam-se os conselhos de saúde que atuam na formulação de estratégias e no controle da execução da Política de Saúde. Analisa as Políticas de Informação em saúde para o exercício do controle social e contribui para ampliar o acesso dos conselhos de saúde a essas políticas em seus diferentes níveis de complexidade, à luz do princípio da integralidade e da atenção à saúde. O Conselho Nacional de Saúde tem contribuído nesse processo através de sua Comissão Intersetorial de Comunicação e Informação em Saúde, que foi reativada em 2005. Para tanto, foram realizados Seminários Regionais Descentralizados e um Seminário Nacional para discutir a construção do Pacto pela Democratização e Qualidade da Comunicação e Informação em Saúde. Foram analisadas as propostas apresentadas pelos conselhos de saúde, entre as quais destacam-se: estabelecer indicadores para avaliar/acompanhar a qualidade da informação e publicizar os direitos dos usuários no SUS.This paper discusses the relationship between the State and Brazilian society since the early 1980s. Particularly noteworthy are the Healthcare Councils that draw up strategies and controls for implementing Healthcare Policies. It also analyzes healthcare information policies for deploying social controls and helps extend the access of these Councils to these policies at various levels of complexity, based on the principle of all-round healthcare. Brazil's National Health Council has contributed to this process through its Intersector Healthcare Communication and Information Commission, which was brought back into operation in 2005. To do so, Decentralized Regional Seminars were held, as well as a National Seminar, discussing the construction of a Pact for the Democratization and Quality of Health Communication and Information. The proposals
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Jesús Fidernan Barrera Cobos
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Contexto: La industria nacional tiene que adaptarse a las necesidades del mercado, lo que implica en algunos casos el cambio en la realización de sus procesos productivos. Uno de estos cambios tiene que ver con el tamaño de lote de producción, el cual ha pasado de un tamaño de miles de unidades a uno quizas, de algunos cientos. El seguimiento de estos procesos con métodos estadísticos, como las cartas de control, ha llevado al uso de las denominadas cartas de control para lotes pequeños. Método: En este artículo se presenta la propuesta de implementación de una carta de este tipo en un proceso de fabricación de una empresa del sector automotriz nacional. Inicialmente se plantea el estado actual del proceso, el cual se sigue con una carta de control - R, usada por la empresa para el seguimiento de la producción; luego se hace mención a algunas de las cartas de control para lotes pequeños, que han sido planteadas por diversos autores. Resultados: Con base en la información del estado actual del proceso se realiza la elección de la carta para lotes pequeños más adecuada. Conclusiones: Dadas las características de no homogeneidad de la varianza, determinada mediante una prueba no paramétrica para las referencias analizadas, se decide que la carta a ser usada es la normalizada. De las tres propuestas de carta presentadas la decisión de cuál usar depende de la varianza del proceso al fabricar las distintas referencias.