RD19, an Arabidopsis cysteine protease required for RRS1-R-mediated resistance, is relocalized to the nucleus by the Ralstonia solanacearum PopP2 effector

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bernoux, M.; Timmers, T.; Jauneau, A.; Brière, C.; Wit, de P.J.G.M.; Marco, Y.; Deslandes, L.

2008-01-01

Bacterial wilt, a disease impacting cultivated crops worldwide, is caused by the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. PopP2 (for Pseudomonas outer protein P2) is an R. solanacearum type III effector that belongs to the YopJ/AvrRxv protein family and interacts with the Arabidopsis thaliana

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Isolates from Cucurbita maxima in China.

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She, Xiaoman; Yu, Lin; Lan, Guobing; Tang, Yafei; He, Zifu

2017-01-01

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a devastating phytopathogen with an unusually wide host range, and new host plants are continuously being discovered. In June 2016, a new bacterial wilt on Cucurbita maxima was observed in Guangdong province, China. Initially, in the adult plant stage, several leaves of each plant withered suddenly and drooped; the plant then wilted completely, and the color of their vasculature changed to dark brown, ultimately causing the entire plant to die. Creamy-whitish bacterial masses were observed to ooze from crosscut stems of these diseased plants. To develop control strategies for C. maxima bacterial wilt, the causative pathogenic isolates were identified and characterized. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased C. maxima plants, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and pathogenicity analysis results indicated that the pathogen of C. maxima bacterial wilt was Ralstonia solanacearum . The results from DNA-based analysis, host range determination and bacteriological identification confirmed that the 24 isolates belonged to R. solanacearum phylotype I, race 1, and eight of these isolates belonged to biovar 3, while 16 belonged to biovar 4. Based on the results of partial egl gene sequence analysis, the 24 isolates clustered into three egl- sequence type groups, sequevars 17, 45, and 56. Sequevar 56 is a new sequevar which is described for the first time in this paper. An assessment of the resistance of 21 pumpkin cultivars revealed that C. moschata cv. Xiangyu1 is resistant to strain RS378, C. moschata cv. Xiangmi is moderately resistant to strain RS378, and 19 other pumpkin cultivars, including four C. maxima cultivars and 15 C. moschata cultivars, are susceptible to strain RS378. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. maxima bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum race 1 in the world. Our results provide valuable information for the further development of control strategies for C. maxima wilt

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Isolates from Cucurbita maxima in China

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Xiaoman She

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a devastating phytopathogen with an unusually wide host range, and new host plants are continuously being discovered. In June 2016, a new bacterial wilt on Cucurbita maxima was observed in Guangdong province, China. Initially, in the adult plant stage, several leaves of each plant withered suddenly and drooped; the plant then wilted completely, and the color of their vasculature changed to dark brown, ultimately causing the entire plant to die. Creamy-whitish bacterial masses were observed to ooze from crosscut stems of these diseased plants. To develop control strategies for C. maxima bacterial wilt, the causative pathogenic isolates were identified and characterized. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased C. maxima plants, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and pathogenicity analysis results indicated that the pathogen of C. maxima bacterial wilt was Ralstonia solanacearum. The results from DNA-based analysis, host range determination and bacteriological identification confirmed that the 24 isolates belonged to R. solanacearum phylotype I, race 1, and eight of these isolates belonged to biovar 3, while 16 belonged to biovar 4. Based on the results of partial egl gene sequence analysis, the 24 isolates clustered into three egl- sequence type groups, sequevars 17, 45, and 56. Sequevar 56 is a new sequevar which is described for the first time in this paper. An assessment of the resistance of 21 pumpkin cultivars revealed that C. moschata cv. Xiangyu1 is resistant to strain RS378, C. moschata cv. Xiangmi is moderately resistant to strain RS378, and 19 other pumpkin cultivars, including four C. maxima cultivars and 15 C. moschata cultivars, are susceptible to strain RS378. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. maxima bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum race 1 in the world. Our results provide valuable information for the further development of control strategies

Simple sequence repeats and compositional bias in the bipartite Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 genome

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Vandamme Peter

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Ralstonia solanacearum is an important plant pathogen. The genome of R. solananearum GMI1000 is organised into two replicons (a 3.7-Mb chromosome and a 2.1-Mb megaplasmid and this bipartite genome structure is characteristic for most R. solanacearum strains. To determine whether the megaplasmid was acquired via recent horizontal gene transfer or is part of an ancestral single chromosome, we compared the abundance, distribution and compositon of simple sequence repeats (SSRs between both replicons and also compared the respective compositional biases. Results Our data show that both replicons are very similar in respect to distribution and composition of SSRs and presence of compositional biases. Minor variations in SSR and compositional biases observed may be attributable to minor differences in gene expression and regulation of gene expression or can be attributed to the small sample numbers observed. Conclusions The observed similarities indicate that both replicons have shared a similar evolutionary history and thus suggest that the megaplasmid was not recently acquired from other organisms by lateral gene transfer but is a part of an ancestral R. solanacearum chromosome.

Filamentous phages of Ralstonia solanacearum: double-edged swords for pathogenic bacteria.

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Yamada, Takashi

2013-01-01

Some phages from genus Inovirus use host or bacteriophage-encoded site-specific integrases or recombinases establish a prophage state. During integration or excision, a superinfective form can be produced. The three states (free, prophage, and superinfective) of such phages exert different effects on host bacterial phenotypes. In Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease of crops, the bacterial virulence can be positively or negatively affected by filamentous phages, depending on their state. The presence or absence of a repressor gene in the phage genome may be responsible for the host phenotypic differences (virulent or avirulent) caused by phage infection. This strategy of virulence control may be widespread among filamentous phages that infect pathogenic bacteria of plants.

Draft Genome Sequence of Highly Virulent Race 4/Biovar 3 of Ralstonia solanacearum CaRs_Mep Causing Bacterial Wilt in Zingiberaceae Plants in India.

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Kumar, Aundy; Munjal, Vibhuti; Sheoran, Neelam; Prameela, Thekkan Puthiyaveedu; Suseelabhai, Rajamma; Aggarwal, Rashmi; Jain, Rakesh Kumar; Eapen, Santhosh J

2017-01-05

The genome of Ralstonia solanacearum CaRs_Mep, a race 4/biovar 3/phylotype I bacterium causing wilt in small cardamom and other Zingiberaceae plants, was sequenced. Analysis of the 5.7-Mb genome sequence will aid in better understanding of the genetic determinants of host range, host jump, survival, pathogenicity, and virulence of race 4 of R. solanacearum. Copyright © 2017 Kumar et al.

Regulation Involved in Colonization of Intercellular Spaces of Host Plants in Ralstonia solanacearum

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Yasufumi Hikichi

2017-06-01

Full Text Available A soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum invading plant roots first colonizes the intercellular spaces of the root, and eventually enters xylem vessels, where it replicates at high levels leading to wilting symptoms. After invasion into intercellular spaces, R. solanacearum strain OE1-1 attaches to host cells and expression of the hrp genes encoding components of the type III secretion system (T3SS. OE1-1 then constructs T3SS and secrets effectors into host cells, inducing expression of the host gene encoding phosphatidic acid phosphatase. This leads to suppressing plant innate immunity. Then, OE1-1 grows on host cells, inducing quorum sensing (QS. The QS contributes to regulation of OE1-1 colonization of intercellular spaces including mushroom-type biofilm formation on host cells, leading to its virulence. R. solanacearum strains AW1 and K60 produce methyl 3-hydroxypalmitate (3-OH PAME as a QS signal. The methyltransferase PhcB synthesizes 3-OH PAME. When 3-OH PAME reaches a threshold level, it increases the ability of the histidine kinase PhcS to phosphorylate the response regulator PhcR. This results in elevated levels of functional PhcA, the global virulence regulator. On the other hand, strains OE1-1 and GMI1000 produce methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-OH MAME as a QS signal. Among R. solanacearum strains, the deduced PhcB and PhcS amino acid sequences are related to the production of QS signals. R. solanacearum produces aryl-furanone secondary metabolites, ralfuranones, which are extracellularly secreted and required for its virulence, dependent on the QS. Interestingly, ralfuranones affect the QS feedback loop. Taken together, integrated signaling via ralfuranones influences the QS, contributing to pathogen virulence.

Metabolomics of tomato xylem sap during bacterial wilt reveals Ralstonia solanacearum produces abundant putrescine, a metabolite that accelerates wilt disease.

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Lowe-Power, Tiffany M; Hendrich, Connor G; von Roepenack-Lahaye, Edda; Li, Bin; Wu, Dousheng; Mitra, Raka; Dalsing, Beth L; Ricca, Patrizia; Naidoo, Jacinth; Cook, David; Jancewicz, Amy; Masson, Patrick; Thomma, Bart; Lahaye, Thomas; Michael, Anthony J; Allen, Caitilyn

2018-04-01

Ralstonia solanacearum thrives in plant xylem vessels and causes bacterial wilt disease despite the low nutrient content of xylem sap. We found that R. solanacearum manipulates its host to increase nutrients in tomato xylem sap, enabling it to grow better in sap from infected plants than in sap from healthy plants. Untargeted GC/MS metabolomics identified 22 metabolites enriched in R. solanacearum-infected sap. Eight of these could serve as sole carbon or nitrogen sources for R. solanacearum. Putrescine, a polyamine that is not a sole carbon or nitrogen source for R. solanacearum, was enriched 76-fold to 37 µM in R. solanacearum-infected sap. R. solanacearum synthesized putrescine via a SpeC ornithine decarboxylase. A ΔspeC mutant required ≥ 15 µM exogenous putrescine to grow and could not grow alone in xylem even when plants were treated with putrescine. However, co-inoculation with wildtype rescued ΔspeC growth, indicating R. solanacearum produced and exported putrescine to xylem sap. Intriguingly, treating plants with putrescine before inoculation accelerated wilt symptom development and R. solanacearum growth and systemic spread. Xylem putrescine concentration was unchanged in putrescine-treated plants, so the exogenous putrescine likely accelerated disease indirectly by affecting host physiology. These results indicate that putrescine is a pathogen-produced virulence metabolite. © 2017 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Monitoring of phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum cells using green fluorescent protein-expressing plasmid derived from bacteriophage phiRSS1.

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Kawasaki, Takeru; Satsuma, Hideki; Fujie, Makoto; Usami, Shoji; Yamada, Takashi

2007-12-01

A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing plasmid was constructed from a filamentous bacteriophage phiRSS1 that infects the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. This plasmid designated as pRSS12 (4.7 kbp in size) consists of an approximately 2248 bp region of the phiRSS1 RF DNA, including ORF1-ORF3 and the intergenic region (IG), and a Km cassette in addition to the GFP gene. It was easily introduced by electroporation and stably maintained even without selective pressure in strains of R. solanacearum of different races and biovars. Strong green fluorescence emitted from pRSS12-transformed bacterial cells was easily monitored in tomato tissues (stem, petiole, and root) after infection as well as from soil samples. These results suggest that pRSS12 can serve as an easy-to-use GFP-tagging tool for any given strain of R. solanacearum in cytological as well as field studies.

Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 transitorily reduces tomato bacterial wilt incidence caused by Ralstonia solanacearum under in vitro conditions.

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Chave, Marie; Crozilhac, Patrice; Deberdt, Péninna; Plouznikoff, Katia; Declerck, Stéphane

2017-10-01

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the world's most important soil-borne plant diseases. In Martinique, French West Indies, a highly virulent new pathogenic variant of this bacterium (phylotype IIB/4NPB) severely impacts tomato production. Here we report on the effect of R. solanacearum CFBP 6783, classified in phytotype IIB/4NPB, on tomato plantlets grown under strict in vitro culture conditions in the presence or absence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833. A mycelium donor plant (i.e. Crotalaria spectabilis) was used for rapid, uniform mycorrhization of tomato plantlets that were subsequently infected by the bacterium. Bacterial wilt was significantly delayed and the incidence of the disease consequently reduced in the mycorrhizal tomato plantlets. Conversely, R. solanacearum did not affect root colonization by the AMF within the 16 days of the experiment. These results suggested that the mycorrhizal fungus was able to reduce bacterial wilt symptoms, probably by eliciting defence mechanisms in the plant.

Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum race 3 (biovar 2) in surface water and natural weed hosts: First report on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wenneker, M.; Verdel, M.S.W.; Groeneveld, R.M.W.; Kempenaar, C.; Beuningen, van A.R.; Janse, J.D.

1999-01-01

The population dynamics of the brown rot bacterium Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum in surface water of two selected water-areas were monitored over a two-year period. In some cases during summer, high bacterial numbers (up to 106 cfu l−1) were observed. In a host plant survey a few plants of

Antagonism of Two Plant-Growth Promoting Bacillus velezensis Isolates Against Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum.

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Cao, Yu; Pi, Hualiang; Chandrangsu, Pete; Li, Yongtao; Wang, Yuqi; Zhou, Han; Xiong, Hanqin; Helmann, John D; Cai, Yanfei

2018-03-12

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) provide an effective and environmentally sustainable method to protect crops against pathogens. The spore-forming Bacilli are attractive PGPR due to their ease of storage and application. Here, we characterized two rhizosphere-associated Bacillus velezensis isolates (Y6 and F7) that possess strong antagonistic activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We identified three lipopeptide (LP) compounds (surfactin, iturin and fengycin) as responsible for the antimicrobial activity of these two strains. We further dissected the contribution of LPs to various biological processes important for rhizosphere colonization. Although either iturin or fengycin is sufficient for antibacterial activity, cell motility and biofilm formation, only iturin plays a primary role in defense against the fungal pathogen F. oxysporum. Additionally, we found that LP production is significantly stimulated during interaction with R. solanacearum. These results demonstrate the different roles of LPs in the biology of B. velezensis and highlight the potential of these two isolates as biocontrol agents against phytopathogens.

Ralstonia syzygii, the Blood Disease Bacterium and Some Asian R. solanacearum Strains Form a Single Genomic Species Despite Divergent Lifestyles

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Cellier, Gilles; Jacobs, Jonathan M.; Mangenot, Sophie; Barbe, Valérie; Lajus, Aurélie; Vallenet, David; Medigue, Claudine; Fegan, Mark; Allen, Caitilyn; Prior, Philippe

2011-01-01

The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex includes R. solanacearum, R. syzygii, and the Blood Disease Bacterium (BDB). All colonize plant xylem vessels and cause wilt diseases, but with significant biological differences. R. solanacearum is a soilborne bacterium that infects the roots of a broad range of plants. R. syzygii causes Sumatra disease of clove trees and is actively transmitted by cercopoid insects. BDB is also pathogenic to a single host, banana, and is transmitted by pollinating insects. Sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that despite their phenotypic differences, these three plant pathogens are actually very closely related, falling into the Phylotype IV subgroup of the R. solanacearum species complex. To better understand the relationships among these bacteria, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of R. syzygii strain R24 and BDB strain R229. These genomes were compared to strain PSI07, a closely related Phylotype IV tomato isolate of R. solanacearum, and to five additional R. solanacearum genomes. Whole-genome comparisons confirmed previous phylogenetic results: the three phylotype IV strains share more and larger syntenic regions with each other than with other R. solanacearum strains. Furthermore, the genetic distances between strains, assessed by an in-silico equivalent of DNA-DNA hybridization, unambiguously showed that phylotype IV strains of BDB, R. syzygii and R. solanacearum form one genomic species. Based on these comprehensive data we propose a revision of the taxonomy of the R. solanacearum species complex. The BDB and R. syzygii genomes encoded no obvious unique metabolic capacities and contained no evidence of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria occupying similar niches. Genes specific to R. syzygii and BDB were almost all of unknown function or extrachromosomal origin. Thus, the pathogenic life-styles of these organisms are more probably due to ecological adaptation and genomic convergence during vertical

The in planta transcriptome of Ralstonia solanacearum: conserved physiological and virulence strategies during bacterial wilt of tomato.

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Jacobs, Jonathan M; Babujee, Lavanya; Meng, Fanhong; Milling, Annett; Allen, Caitilyn

2012-01-01

Plant xylem fluid is considered a nutrient-poor environment, but the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is well adapted to it, growing to 10(8) to 10(9) CFU/g tomato stem. To better understand how R. solanacearum succeeds in this habitat, we analyzed the transcriptomes of two phylogenetically distinct R. solanacearum strains that both wilt tomato, strains UW551 (phylotype II) and GMI1000 (phylotype I). We profiled bacterial gene expression at ~6 × 10(8) CFU/ml in culture or in plant xylem during early tomato bacterial wilt pathogenesis. Despite phylogenetic differences, these two strains expressed their 3,477 common orthologous genes in generally similar patterns, with about 12% of their transcriptomes significantly altered in planta versus in rich medium. Several primary metabolic pathways were highly expressed during pathogenesis. These pathways included sucrose uptake and catabolism, and components of these pathways were encoded by genes in the scrABY cluster. A UW551 scrA mutant was significantly reduced in virulence on resistant and susceptible tomato as well as on potato and the epidemiologically important weed host Solanum dulcamara. Functional scrA contributed to pathogen competitive fitness during colonization of tomato xylem, which contained ~300 µM sucrose. scrA expression was induced by sucrose, but to a much greater degree by growth in planta. Unexpectedly, 45% of the genes directly regulated by HrpB, the transcriptional activator of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), were upregulated in planta at high cell densities. This result modifies a regulatory model based on bacterial behavior in culture, where this key virulence factor is repressed at high cell densities. The active transcription of these genes in wilting plants suggests that T3SS has a biological role throughout the disease cycle. IMPORTANCE Ralstonia solanacearum is a widespread plant pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease. It inflicts serious crop losses on tropical

A Conserved EAR Motif Is Required for Avirulence and Stability of the Ralstonia solanacearum Effector PopP2 In Planta

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Cécile Segonzac

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease in many high value Solanaceae crops. R. solanacearum secretes around 70 effectors into host cells in order to promote infection. Plants have, however, evolved specialized immune receptors that recognize corresponding effectors and confer qualitative disease resistance. In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the paired immune receptors RRS1 (resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1 and RPS4 (resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4 cooperatively recognize the R. solanacearum effector PopP2 in the nuclei of infected cells. PopP2 is an acetyltransferase that binds to and acetylates the RRS1 WRKY DNA-binding domain resulting in reduced RRS1-DNA association thereby activating plant immunity. Here, we surveyed the naturally occurring variation in PopP2 sequence among the R. solanacearum strains isolated from diseased tomato and pepper fields across the Republic of Korea. Our analysis revealed high conservation of popP2 sequence with only three polymorphic alleles present amongst 17 strains. Only one variation (a premature stop codon caused the loss of RPS4/RRS1-dependent recognition in Arabidopsis. We also found that PopP2 harbors a putative eukaryotic transcriptional repressor motif (ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression or EAR, which is known to be involved in the recruitment of transcriptional co-repressors. Remarkably, mutation of the EAR motif disabled PopP2 avirulence function as measured by the development of hypersensitive response, electrolyte leakage, defense marker gene expression and bacterial growth in Arabidopsis. This lack of recognition was partially but significantly reverted by the C-terminal addition of a synthetic EAR motif. We show that the EAR motif-dependent gain of avirulence correlated with the stability of the PopP2 protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated the requirement of the PopP2 EAR motif for PTI

Control of Ralstonia Solanacearum The Causal Agent of Brown Rot in Potato Using Essential Oils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salem, E.A.

2011-01-01

Five essential oils, namely peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), caraway (Carium carvum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Staph.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), were used separately against Ralstonia solanacearum; the causal agent of brown rot in potato. The most two effective oils (peppermint and thyme) were used in vitro and in vivo after testing their effects on potato tubers buds germination. Peppermint inhibited buds germination but thyme have no effects on buds germination. In vivo, the control of brown rot using thyme oil in glass house experiment reduced the percentage of brown rot infection to 30.6% and reduced the severity of disease from 5 to 3.

Phytobiocidal management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi

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Din, N.; Ahmad, M.; Siddique, M.; Ali, A.; Naz, I.; Ullah, N.; Ahmad, F.

2016-11-01

Phytobiocides are a good alternative to chemicals in managing bacterial diseases including bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In the present research study, finely ground dried powders of seven widely available medicinal plants/weeds species viz., Peganum harmala (esfand or wild rue), Calotropis procera (sodom apple), Melia azedarach (white cedar), Allium sativum (garlic), Adhatoda vasica (malabar nut), Tagetes patula (marigold) and Nerium oleander (oleander) were assessed for their anti-microbial activity, both in-vitro (10% w/v) and in-vivo (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg of potted soil) against R. solanacearum. Aqueous extracts (prepared as 10% w/v, soaking for 48-72 h and filtering) of C. procera, A. vasica, and T. patula inhibited the in-vitro growth of the bacterial pathogen over 60% of that produced by the standard antibiotic streptomycin. A. sativum, N. oleander and P. harmala aqueous extracts were less effective while M. azedarach showed no effect against R. solanacearum. The higher dose (40 g/kg of soil) of C. procera, A. vasica and T. patula decreased disease severity quite effectively and increased yield and plant growth characters as much as the standard antibiotic did. No phytotoxicity of medicinal plants powder was observed on tomato plants. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids were detected in the aqueous extracts of T. patula and A. vasica whereas C. procera was found to have only alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Our data suggest that dried powders of T. patula, C. procera and A. vasica (40 g/kg of soil) could be used as an effective component in the integrated disease management programs against bacterial wilt of tomato. (Author)

Ralstonia solanacearum uses inorganic nitrogen metabolism for virulence, ATP production, and detoxification in the oxygen-limited host xylem environment.

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Dalsing, Beth L; Truchon, Alicia N; Gonzalez-Orta, Enid T; Milling, Annett S; Allen, Caitilyn

2015-03-17

Genomic data predict that, in addition to oxygen, the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum can use nitrate (NO3(-)), nitrite (NO2(-)), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs). Genes encoding inorganic nitrogen reduction were highly expressed during tomato bacterial wilt disease, when the pathogen grows in xylem vessels. Direct measurements found that tomato xylem fluid was low in oxygen, especially in plants infected by R. solanacearum. Xylem fluid contained ~25 mM NO3(-), corresponding to R. solanacearum's optimal NO3(-) concentration for anaerobic growth in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that R. solanacearum uses inorganic nitrogen species to respire and grow during pathogenesis by making deletion mutants that each lacked a step in nitrate respiration (ΔnarG), denitrification (ΔaniA, ΔnorB, and ΔnosZ), or NO detoxification (ΔhmpX). The ΔnarG, ΔaniA, and ΔnorB mutants grew poorly on NO3(-) compared to the wild type, and they had reduced adenylate energy charge levels under anaerobiosis. While NarG-dependent NO3(-) respiration directly enhanced growth, AniA-dependent NO2(-) reduction did not. NO2(-) and NO inhibited growth in culture, and their removal depended on denitrification and NO detoxification. Thus, NO3(-) acts as a TEA, but the resulting NO2(-) and NO likely do not. None of the mutants grew as well as the wild type in planta, and strains lacking AniA (NO2(-) reductase) or HmpX (NO detoxification) had reduced virulence on tomato. Thus, R. solanacearum exploits host NO3(-) to respire, grow, and cause disease. Degradation of NO2(-) and NO is also important for successful infection and depends on denitrification and NO detoxification systems. The plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt, one of the world's most destructive crop diseases. This pathogen's explosive growth in plant vascular xylem is poorly understood. We used biochemical and genetic approaches to show

Arabidopsis wat1 (walls are thin1)-mediated resistance to the bacterial vascular pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum, is accompanied by cross-regulation of salicylic acid and tryptophan metabolism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Denancé, N.; Ranocha, P.; Oria, N.; Barlet, X.; Rivière, M.P.; Yadeta, K.A.; Hoffmann, L.; Perreau, F.; Clément, G.; Maia-Grondard, A.; Berg, van den G.C.M.; Savelli, B.; Fournier, S.; Aubert, Y.; Pelletier, S.; Thomma, B.P.H.J.; Molina, A.; Jouanin, L.; Marco, Y.; Goffner, D.

2013-01-01

Inactivation of Arabidopsis WAT1 (Walls Are Thin1), a gene required for secondary cell-wall deposition, conferred broad-spectrum resistance to vascular pathogens, including the bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, and the fungi Verticillium dahliae and

Isolation of Ralstonia solanacearum-infecting bacteriophages from tomato fields in Chiang Mai, Thailand, and their experimental use as biocontrol agents.

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Bhunchoth, A; Phironrit, N; Leksomboon, C; Chatchawankanphanich, O; Kotera, S; Narulita, E; Kawasaki, T; Fujie, M; Yamada, T

2015-04-01

To isolate and characterize novel bacteriophages infecting the phytopathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum, and to evaluate them as resources with potential uses in the biocontrol of bacterial wilt. Fourteen phages infecting R. solanacearum were isolated from soil samples collected in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The phages showed different host ranges when tested against 59 R. solanacearum strains isolated from Thailand and Japan. These phages were characterized as nine podoviruses and five myoviruses based on their morphology. Podovirus J2 in combination with another podovirus (φRSB2) lysed host cells very efficiently in contaminated soil. J2 treatment prevented wilting of tomato plants infected with a highly virulent R. solanacearum strain. Treatment with J2 effectively reduced the amount of the bacterial wilt pathogen in contaminated soil and prevented bacterial wilt of tomato in pot experiments. Myovirus J6 possessed jumbo phage features, giving a unique opportunity to study its utilization as a biocontrol agent. As exemplified by J2, the phages isolated in this study represent valuable resources with potential uses in biocontrol of bacterial wilt. A rare jumbo phage J6 served as a valuable subject to understand and utilize this new group of phages. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Monitoring growth and movement of Ralstonia solanacearum cells harboring plasmid pRSS12 derived from bacteriophage phiRSS1.

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Fujie, Makoto; Takamoto, Hirofumi; Kawasaki, Takeru; Fujiwara, Akiko; Yamada, Takashi

2010-02-01

We monitored growth and movement of Ralstonia solanacearum harboring the plasmid pRSS12 in tomato seedlings. The plasmid contains a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and is stably maintained in R. solanacearum cells without selection pressure. Bacteria harboring the plasmid can be tracked in planta by visualizing GFP fluorescence. Stems of seedlings were infected with R. solanacearum cells transformed with pRSS12, and bacterial growth and movement, particularly around the vascular bundles, were monitored for more than 7 days. Our results showed that vascular bundles are independent of each other within the stem, and that it takes a long time for R. solanacearum cells to migrate from one vascular bundle to another. For real-time monitoring of bacteria in planta, tomato seedlings were grown on agar medium and bacterial suspension was applied to the root apex. The bacterial invasion process was monitored by fluorescent microscopy. Bacteria invaded taproots within 6 h, and movement of the bacteria was observed until 144 h after inoculation. In susceptible tomato cultivars, strong GFP fluorescence was observed in hypocotyls and lateral roots as well as the taproot. In resistant cultivars, however, GFP fluorescence was rarely observed on lateral roots. Our results show that this monitoring system can be used to assess bacterial pathogenicity efficiently. Copyright (c) 2009 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of an antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis JW-1 that suppresses Ralstonia solanacearum.

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Kwon, Jae Won; Kim, Shin Duk

2014-01-01

Bacillus subtilis JW-1 was isolated from rhizosphere soil as a potential biocontrol agent of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Seed treatment followed by a soil drench application with this strain resulted in >80% reduction in bacterial wilt disease compared with that in the untreated control under greenhouse conditions. The antibacterial compound produced by strain JW-1 was purified by bioactivity-guided fractionation. Based on mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H-(1)H correlation spectroscopies, rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy), the structure of this compound was elucidated as a cyclic lipopeptide composed of a heptapeptide (Gln-Leu-Leu-Val-Asp-Leu-Leu) bonded to a β-hydroxy-iso-hexadecanoic acid arranged in a lactone ring system.

Recent Trends in Control Methods for Bacterial Wilt Diseases Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

Science.gov (United States)

Yuliar; Nion, Yanetri Asi; Toyota, Koki

2015-01-01

Previous studies have described the development of control methods against bacterial wilt diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. This review focused on recent advances in control measures, such as biological, physical, chemical, cultural, and integral measures, as well as biocontrol efficacy and suppression mechanisms. Biological control agents (BCAs) have been dominated by bacteria (90%) and fungi (10%). Avirulent strains of R. solanacearum, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Streptomyces spp. are well-known BCAs. New or uncommon BCAs have also been identified such as Acinetobacter sp., Burkholderia sp., and Paenibacillus sp. Inoculation methods for BCAs affect biocontrol efficacy, such as pouring or drenching soil, dipping of roots, and seed coatings. The amendment of different organic matter, such as plant residue, animal waste, and simple organic compounds, have frequently been reported to suppress bacterial wilt diseases. The combined application of BCAs and their substrates was shown to more effectively suppress bacterial wilt in the tomato. Suppression mechanisms are typically attributed to the antibacterial metabolites produced by BCAs or those present in natural products; however, the number of studies related to host resistance to the pathogen is increasing. Enhanced/modified soil microbial communities are also indirectly involved in disease suppression. New promising types of control measures include biological soil disinfection using substrates that release volatile compounds. This review described recent advances in different control measures. We focused on the importance of integrated pest management (IPM) for bacterial wilt diseases. PMID:25762345

Overexpression of NtPR-Q Up-Regulates Multiple Defense-Related Genes in Nicotiana tabacum and Enhances Plant Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum

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Yuanman Tang

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Various classes of plant pathogenesis-related proteins have been identified in the past several decades. PR-Q, a member of the PR3 family encoding chitinases, has played an important role in regulating plant resistance and preventing pathogen infection. In this paper, we functionally characterized NtPR-Q in tobacco plants and found that the overexpression of NtPR-Q in tobacco Yunyan87 resulted in higher resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation. Surprisingly, overexpression of NtPR-Q led to the activation of many defense-related genes, such as salicylic acid (SA-responsive genes NtPR1a/c, NtPR2 and NtCHN50, JA-responsive gene NtPR1b and ET production-associated genes NtACC Oxidase and NtEFE26. Consistent with the role of NtPR-Q in multiple stress responses, NtPR-Q transcripts were induced by the exogenous hormones SA, ethylene and methyl jasmonate, which could enhance the resistance of tobacco to R. solanacearum. Collectively, our results suggested that NtPR-Q overexpression led to the up-regulation of defense-related genes and enhanced plant resistance to R. solanacearum infection.

[Identification, colonization and disease prevention capacity of an antagonistic bacterium against Ralstonia Solanacearum].

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Zhikun; Zhu, Honghui

2010-03-01

To isolate a bacterial strain YPP-9, dominantly colonizing the rhizosphere of tomato using root exudate medium. In this study, we investigated the antagnism and disease-controling effect against Ralstonia solanacearum, evaluated the ability to colonize the rhizosphere of tomato, and further analyzed the phylogeny of YPP-9. To evaluate the antagnism against R. solanacearum and the biocontrol on tomato bacterial wilt by YPP-9 respectively employing plate culture method and pot experiment in green house. We analyzed the rhizosphere colonization of YPP-9 by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and also identified the taxonomic position of YPP-9 using morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. YPP-9 suppressed the growth of R. solanacearum (strains SSF-4) in vitro with the inhibition zone of 5 mm. The disease-control efficiency against tomato bacterial wilt in pot was 63.4%. YPP-9 also colonized the rhizosphere of tomato well. The colonies were cream in colour after 24 h culture. Cells were gram-positive, rods (1.8 -4.1 microm x 0.9 - 1.1 microm) and formed endospores. Endospores were mainly ellipsoidal to cylindrical and lied in subterminal, and occasionally paracentral, positions in no swollen sporangia. No crystal protein. The pH range for YPP-9 growth was 5.5 - 8.5 with the optimum at pH 6.0, and the temperature for YPP-9 growth was 20 to 45 degrees with the optimum at 30 degrees. The results of BIOLOG GP2 showed that YPP-9 was Bacillus. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that YPP-9 was the most closely related to Bacillus fumarioli, with the sequence similarity of 97.7%. The sequence number was FJ231500. The DNA G + C content was 41.9%. The major menaquinone was MK-7. The dominant fatty acids in cell wall were C14 : 0 iso, C15 : 0 iso, C16 : 0 iso and C16 : 1omega 7c alcohol, with the contents of 28.27%, 19.59%, 12.93% and 10.88%, respectively. Bacterium YPP-9 strongly

Application of Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing To Discriminate Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Associated with English Watercourses and Disease Outbreaks

Science.gov (United States)

Bryant, Ruth; Bew, Janice; Conyers, Christine; Stones, Robert; Alcock, Michael; Elphinstone, John

2013-01-01

Variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis was used for high-resolution discrimination among Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype IIB sequevar 1 (PIIB-1) isolates and further evaluated for use in source tracing. Five tandem-repeat-containing loci (comprising six tandem repeats) discriminated 17 different VNTR profiles among 75 isolates from potato, geranium, bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara), tomato, and the environment. R. solanacearum isolates from crops at three unrelated outbreak sites where river water had been used for irrigation had distinct VNTR profiles that were shared with PIIB-1 isolates from infected bittersweet growing upriver of each site. The VNTR profiling results supported the implication that the source of R. solanacearum at each outbreak was contaminated river water. Analysis of 51 isolates from bittersweet growing in river water at different locations provided a means to evaluate the technique for studying the epidemiology of the pathogen in the environment. Ten different VNTR profiles were identified among bittersweet PIIB-1 isolates from the River Thames. Repeated findings of contiguous river stretches that produced isolates that shared single VNTR profiles supported the hypothesis that the pathogen had disseminated from infected bittersweet plants located upriver. VNTR profiles shared between bittersweet isolates from two widely separated Thames tributaries (River Ray and River Colne) suggested they were independently contaminated with the same clonal type. Some bittersweet isolates had VNTR profiles that were shared with potato isolates collected outside the United Kingdom. It was concluded that VNTR profiling could contribute to further understanding of R. solanacearum epidemiology and assist in control of future disease outbreaks. PMID:23892739

Pig slurry reduces the survival of Raltstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in soil

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gorissen, A.; Overbeek, van L.S.; Elsas, van J.D.

2004-01-01

The effect of added pig slurry and solarization on the survival of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 strain 1609 in soil was analysed in soil microcosms and field plots. In addition, the invasion of potato plants by R. solanacearum and the development of disease symptoms were determined, as measures

In vitro investigations on host specificity of ralstonia solanacearum among solanaceous crops and its biological control in tomato

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasan, S.; Haq, M. I.; Naz, F.; Tahir, M. I.

2016-01-01

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal organism of bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops is a major limitation on the production of solanaceous crops worldwide. The present studies were carried out to explore the prevalence, severity, virulence and host specificity range of R. solanacearum in chili, tomato, eggplant and potato plants while biocontrol of this pathogen was studied on tomato. The isolation and the initial identification of bacterium were done on TTC and 523 media. Out of 32 isolates, 30 showed positive hypersensitive reaction (HR) with variable response and were confirmed as R. solanacearum by performing biochemical tests i.e. Gram staining, KOH, catalase oxidation, Kovacs oxidation, levan production from sucrose, lipase activity on tween 80 agar, production of fluorescent pigment, and oxidation/fermentation of glucose. Race identification studies showed that all the isolates belonged to Race 3 while biovar confirmation tests revealed that 4, 3 and 23 isolates belonged to biovar 1, biovar 2 and biovar 3, respectively. The isolates belonging to distinct biovar class were tested for their wideness of host range by challenging them to chili, tomato, eggplant and potato plants. It was observed that biovar 3 is the most aggressive and has widest host range as compared to counterparts. Biocontrol studies through antagonistic rhizobacteria resulted four antagonistic isolates; PRB10, PAP5, PAT1 and PTR6 having the highest biocontrol activity with 98.75%, 97.5%, 93.75% and 91.25% respectively. (author)

Detection of latent infection by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-06-03

Jun 3, 2008 ... solanacearum in potato tuber seed certification schemes more so in screening for presence of R. solanacearum in seed ... Bacterial wilt is, after late blight, the most important ... with respect to tuber-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt and those ... The potato crop was preceded by maize. Bacterial wilt ...

Proteome Analysis of Disease Resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum in Potato Cultivar CT206-10

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Sangryeol Park

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Its commercial cultivars are highly susceptible to many fungal and bacterial diseases. Among these, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes significant yield loss. In the present study, integrated proteomics and genomics approaches were used in order to identify bacterial wilt resistant genes from Rs resistance potato cultivar CT-206-10. 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis identified eight differentially abundant proteins including glycine-rich RNA binding protein (GRP, tomato stress induced-1 (TSI-1 protein, pathogenesis-related (STH-2 protein and pentatricopeptide repeat containing (PPR protein in response to Rs infection. Further, semi-quantitative RT-PCR identified up-regulation in transcript levels of all these genes upon Rs infection. Taken together, our results showed the involvement of the identified proteins in the Rs stress tolerance in potato. In the future, it would be interesting to raise the transgenic plants to further validate their involvement in resistance against Rs in potato.

Complete factorial design to adjust pH and sugar concentrations in the inoculum phase of Ralstonia solanacearum to optimize P(3HB production.

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Karine Laste Macagnan

Full Text Available Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB is a biodegradable plastic biopolymer that accumulates as lipophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of some microorganisms. The biotechnological process by which P(3HB is synthesized occurs in two phases. The first phase involves cell growth in a complex culture medium, while the second phase involves polymer accumulation in the presence of excess carbon sources. As such, the efficiency of the second phase depends on the first phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate culture media with different concentrations of sucrose and glucose and different pH values in the inoculum phase of Ralstonia solanacearum RS with the intention of identifying methods by which the biomass yield could be increased, subsequently enhancing the yield of P(3HB. The culture medium was formulated according to the experimental planning type of central composite rotational design 22. The independent variables were pH and sugar concentration (sucrose and glucose, and the dependent variables were OD600nm, dry cell weight (DCW, and P(3HB yield. The highest cell growth, estimated by the OD600nm (20.6 and DCW (5.35 values, was obtained when sucrose was used in the culture medium at a concentration above 35 g.L-1 in combination with an acidic pH. High polymer (45% accumulation was also achieved under these conditions. Using glucose, the best results for OD600nm (12.5 and DCW (2.74 were also obtained at acidic pH but with a sugar concentration at the minimum values evaluated. Due to the significant accumulation of polymer in the cells that were still in the growth phase, the accumulating microorganism P(3HB Ralstonia solanacearum RS can be classified as having type II metabolism in relation to the polymer accumulation phase, which is different from other Ralstonia spp. studied until this time.

Detecção de Ralstonia solanacearum em tubérculos de batata através de PCR qualitativa e quantitativa

OpenAIRE

Adriana de Andrade Figueiró

2008-01-01

Ralstonia solanacearum é uma bactéria transmitida por tubérculos-semente. As biovares 1 (raça 1) e 2 (raça 3) estão associadas à batata (Solanum tuberosum) e apresentam características epidemiológicas diferentes. A certificação de tubérculos-semente constitui-se num processo essencial para o manejo da murcha bacteriana, mas depende de métodos específicos e sensíveis de detecção deste patógeno. Este trabalho objetivou (i) projetar oligonucleotídeos iniciadores para diferenciação das biovares d...

Ralstonia solanacearum – a New Threat to Potato Production in Serbia

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Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A survey of ware potatoes (a total of 1127 samples from localities in Serbia during two consecutive years resulted in detection and identification of R. solanacearum in 17 tuber samples. The monitoring detected the causal agent of bacterial wilt and brown rot of potato in three districts of Vojvodina province. In 2011, the infection by R. solanacearum was confirmed in 7 samples of ware potato tubers (varieties – Saturna, Pirol, Hermes, Panda in West Bačka and South Bačka Districts. In 2012, the infection by R. solanacearum was confirmed in 10 potato tuber samples (Lady Claire, Desiree, Panda, Red Fantasy and Vineta varieties from two districts: South Bačka and Central Banat. Bacterial strains obtained from positive samples were identified as R. solanacearum biovar 2 using PCR/RFLP analysis, pathogenicity test on tomato transplants, and nutritional, enzymatic and biovar determination tests. To our best knowledge, these are the only findings of R. solanacearum infection in ware potatoes in Serbia. R. solanacearum was not detected in tomato or any other host plant tested in this study. Furthermore, the bacterium was not found in any of the water samples tested, including those originating from areas in which the bacterium was found in ware potato samples.

Escaping Underground Nets: Extracellular DNases Degrade Plant Extracellular Traps and Contribute to Virulence of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum

Science.gov (United States)

Tran, Tuan Minh; MacIntyre, April; Hawes, Martha; Allen, Caitilyn

2016-01-01

Plant root border cells have been recently recognized as an important physical defense against soil-borne pathogens. Root border cells produce an extracellular matrix of protein, polysaccharide and DNA that functions like animal neutrophil extracellular traps to immobilize pathogens. Exposing pea root border cells to the root-infecting bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum triggered release of DNA-containing extracellular traps in a flagellin-dependent manner. These traps rapidly immobilized the pathogen and killed some cells, but most of the entangled bacteria eventually escaped. The R. solanacearum genome encodes two putative extracellular DNases (exDNases) that are expressed during pathogenesis, suggesting that these exDNases contribute to bacterial virulence by enabling the bacterium to degrade and escape root border cell traps. We tested this hypothesis with R. solanacearum deletion mutants lacking one or both of these nucleases, named NucA and NucB. Functional studies with purified proteins revealed that NucA and NucB are non-specific endonucleases and that NucA is membrane-associated and cation-dependent. Single ΔnucA and ΔnucB mutants and the ΔnucA/B double mutant all had reduced virulence on wilt-susceptible tomato plants in a naturalistic soil-soak inoculation assay. The ΔnucA/B mutant was out-competed by the wild-type strain in planta and was less able to stunt root growth or colonize plant stems. Further, the double nuclease mutant could not escape from root border cells in vitro and was defective in attachment to pea roots. Taken together, these results demonstrate that extracellular DNases are novel virulence factors that help R. solanacearum successfully overcome plant defenses to infect plant roots and cause bacterial wilt disease. PMID:27336156

Escaping Underground Nets: Extracellular DNases Degrade Plant Extracellular Traps and Contribute to Virulence of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum.

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Tuan Minh Tran

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Plant root border cells have been recently recognized as an important physical defense against soil-borne pathogens. Root border cells produce an extracellular matrix of protein, polysaccharide and DNA that functions like animal neutrophil extracellular traps to immobilize pathogens. Exposing pea root border cells to the root-infecting bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum triggered release of DNA-containing extracellular traps in a flagellin-dependent manner. These traps rapidly immobilized the pathogen and killed some cells, but most of the entangled bacteria eventually escaped. The R. solanacearum genome encodes two putative extracellular DNases (exDNases that are expressed during pathogenesis, suggesting that these exDNases contribute to bacterial virulence by enabling the bacterium to degrade and escape root border cell traps. We tested this hypothesis with R. solanacearum deletion mutants lacking one or both of these nucleases, named NucA and NucB. Functional studies with purified proteins revealed that NucA and NucB are non-specific endonucleases and that NucA is membrane-associated and cation-dependent. Single ΔnucA and ΔnucB mutants and the ΔnucA/B double mutant all had reduced virulence on wilt-susceptible tomato plants in a naturalistic soil-soak inoculation assay. The ΔnucA/B mutant was out-competed by the wild-type strain in planta and was less able to stunt root growth or colonize plant stems. Further, the double nuclease mutant could not escape from root border cells in vitro and was defective in attachment to pea roots. Taken together, these results demonstrate that extracellular DNases are novel virulence factors that help R. solanacearum successfully overcome plant defenses to infect plant roots and cause bacterial wilt disease.

Isolation and Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Causing ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof. Ogunji

Soil samples were collected from seven states in Nigeria known for high incidence of tomato bacterial ... (Rs) is a soil borne bacterial pathogen and a major limiting ..... crops such as maize could also reduce inoculum density ... bacterial blight wilt. (Pseudomonas solanacearum). Annals Applied Biology 111: 125-133. Denny ...

TALE-Like Effectors Are an Ancestral Feature of the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex and Converge in DNA Targeting Specificity.

Science.gov (United States)

Schandry, Niklas; de Lange, Orlando; Prior, Philippe; Lahaye, Thomas

2016-01-01

Ralstonia solanacearum, a species complex of bacterial plant pathogens divided into four monophyletic phylotypes, causes plant diseases in tropical climates around the world. Some strains exhibit a broad host range on solanaceous hosts, while others are highly host-specific as for example some banana-pathogenic strains. Previous studies showed that transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors from Ralstonia, termed RipTALs, are capable of activating reporter genes in planta, if these are preceded by a matching effector binding element (EBE). RipTALs target DNA via their central repeat domain (CRD), where one repeat pairs with one DNA-base of the given EBE. The repeat variable diresidue dictates base repeat specificity in a predictable fashion, known as the TALE code. In this work, we analyze RipTALs across all phylotypes of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. We find that RipTALs are prevalent in phylotypes I and IV but absent from most phylotype III and II strains (10/12, 8/14, 1/24, and 1/5 strains contained a RipTAL, respectively). RipTALs originating from strains of the same phylotype show high levels of sequence similarity (>98%) in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions, while RipTALs isolated from different phylotypes show 47-91% sequence similarity in those regions, giving rise to four RipTAL classes. We show that, despite sequence divergence, the base preference for guanine, mediated by the N-terminal region, is conserved across RipTALs of all classes. Using the number and order of repeats found in the CRD, we functionally sub-classify RipTALs, introduce a new simple nomenclature, and predict matching EBEs for all seven distinct RipTALs identified. We experimentally study RipTAL EBEs and uncover that some RipTALs are able to target the EBEs of other RipTALs, referred to as cross-reactivity. In particular, RipTALs from strains with a broad host range on solanaceous hosts cross-react on each other's EBEs. Investigation of sequence divergence between

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cool Virulence Factors of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2.

Science.gov (United States)

Meng, Fanhong; Babujee, Lavanya; Jacobs, Jonathan M; Allen, Caitilyn

2015-01-01

While most strains of the plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum are tropical, the race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) subgroup attacks plants in cooler climates. To identify mechanisms underlying this trait, we compared the transcriptional profiles of R. solanacearum R3bv2 strain UW551 and tropical strain GMI1000 at 20°C and 28°C, both in culture and during tomato pathogenesis. 4.2% of the ORFs in the UW551 genome and 7.9% of the GMI1000 ORFs were differentially expressed by temperature in planta. The two strains had distinct transcriptional responses to temperature change. GMI1000 up-regulated several stress response genes at 20°C, apparently struggling to cope with plant defenses. At the cooler temperature, R3bv2 strain UW551 up-regulated a cluster encoding a mannose-fucose binding lectin, LecM; a quorum sensing-dependent protein, AidA; and a related hypothetical protein, AidC. The last two genes are absent from the GMI1000 genome. In UW551, all three genes were positively regulated by the adjacent SolI/R quorum sensing system. These temperature-responsive genes were required for full virulence in R3bv2. Mutants lacking lecM, aidA, or aidC were each significantly more reduced in virulence on tomato at 20°C than at 28°C in both a naturalistic soil soak inoculation assay and when they were inoculated directly into tomato stems. The lecM and aidC mutants also survived poorly in potato tubers at the seed tuber storage temperature of 4°C, and the lecM mutant was defective in biofilm formation in vitro. Together, these results suggest novel mechanisms, including a lectin, are involved in the unique temperate epidemiology of R3bv2.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cool Virulence Factors of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2.

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Fanhong Meng

Full Text Available While most strains of the plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum are tropical, the race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2 subgroup attacks plants in cooler climates. To identify mechanisms underlying this trait, we compared the transcriptional profiles of R. solanacearum R3bv2 strain UW551 and tropical strain GMI1000 at 20°C and 28°C, both in culture and during tomato pathogenesis. 4.2% of the ORFs in the UW551 genome and 7.9% of the GMI1000 ORFs were differentially expressed by temperature in planta. The two strains had distinct transcriptional responses to temperature change. GMI1000 up-regulated several stress response genes at 20°C, apparently struggling to cope with plant defenses. At the cooler temperature, R3bv2 strain UW551 up-regulated a cluster encoding a mannose-fucose binding lectin, LecM; a quorum sensing-dependent protein, AidA; and a related hypothetical protein, AidC. The last two genes are absent from the GMI1000 genome. In UW551, all three genes were positively regulated by the adjacent SolI/R quorum sensing system. These temperature-responsive genes were required for full virulence in R3bv2. Mutants lacking lecM, aidA, or aidC were each significantly more reduced in virulence on tomato at 20°C than at 28°C in both a naturalistic soil soak inoculation assay and when they were inoculated directly into tomato stems. The lecM and aidC mutants also survived poorly in potato tubers at the seed tuber storage temperature of 4°C, and the lecM mutant was defective in biofilm formation in vitro. Together, these results suggest novel mechanisms, including a lectin, are involved in the unique temperate epidemiology of R3bv2.

Reducción de poblaciones de Ralstonia solanacearum raza 2 (Smith en plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds con aplicación de extractos de Trichoderma sp. (Alexopoulus y Mims y bacterias antagonistas

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Germán Ceballos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El moko, enfermedad causada por Ralstonia solanacearum raza 2, afecta la producción de plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds en Colombia, ocasionando pérdidas hasta de 100%. In vitro, se evaluó el efecto de filtrados crudos de cepas de Trichoderma sp. y dos productos comerciales como posibles reductores de poblaciones de R. solanacearum. Para cada cepa de Trichoderma spp., se empleó filtrado (40% en solución acuosa y para R. solanacearum se utilizó una dilución de 10-4 por caja de petri, en un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones para determinar el número de unidades formadoras de colonia de R. solanacearum. En invernadero, se aplicaron suspensiones de T. harzianum (Agroguard®, T. viride 14PDA3A y Ecoterra® en plantas de plátano Dominico Hartón y 30 días después se inoculó R. solanacearum en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La severidad del ataque de R. solanacearum se evaluó utilizando una escala de síntomas foliares de 0 a 6. In vitro, los extractos crudos de dos cepas y dos productos comerciales de Trichoderma spp. inhibieron el 100% de R. solanacearum. Los tratamientos con T. viride y Ecoterra® mostraron bajos niveles de control de R. solanacearum en plantas (0.63 y 1.88, respectivamente.

The effector AWR5 from the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is an inhibitor of the TOR signalling pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Popa, Crina; Li, Liang; Gil, Sergio; Tatjer, Laura; Hashii, Keisuke; Tabuchi, Mitsuaki; Coll, Núria S; Ariño, Joaquín; Valls, Marc

2016-06-03

Bacterial pathogens possess complex type III effector (T3E) repertoires that are translocated inside the host cells to cause disease. However, only a minor proportion of these effectors have been assigned a function. Here, we show that the T3E AWR5 from the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is an inhibitor of TOR, a central regulator in eukaryotes that controls the switch between cell growth and stress responses in response to nutrient availability. Heterologous expression of AWR5 in yeast caused growth inhibition and autophagy induction coupled to massive transcriptomic changes, unmistakably reminiscent of TOR inhibition by rapamycin or nitrogen starvation. Detailed genetic analysis of these phenotypes in yeast, including suppression of AWR5-induced toxicity by mutation of CDC55 and TPD3, encoding regulatory subunits of the PP2A phosphatase, indicated that AWR5 might exert its function by directly or indirectly inhibiting the TOR pathway upstream PP2A. We present evidence in planta that this T3E caused a decrease in TOR-regulated plant nitrate reductase activity and also that normal levels of TOR and the Cdc55 homologues in plants are required for R. solanacearum virulence. Our results suggest that the TOR pathway is a bona fide T3E target and further prove that yeast is a useful platform for T3E function characterisation.

[Genetic variability of the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Burkholderiales: Burholderiaceae) in the banana-growing region of Uraba (Colombia)].

Science.gov (United States)

Cardozo, Carolina; Rodríguez, Paola; Cotes, José Miguel; Marín, Mauricio

2010-03-01

The banana moko disease, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most important phytopathological problems of the banana agribusiness in tropical countries. In Uraba and Magdalena (Colombia), the main exporting regions of banana in Colombia, this disease causes a destruction estimated in 16.5 ha/year. The bacterium presents an extremely high level of genetic variation that affects control measures. This is the first study of its variation in Colombia and was done with AFLP molecular markers on a population of 100 isolates from banana plants, soils and "weeds". The high level of genetic diversity, with Nei and Shannon indexes of h=0.32 and I=0.48, respectively, and the AMOVA, showed that this population is subestructured (Fst=0.66): the host is the main factor of differentiation. Even so, previous tests show that all varieties have pathogenicity on Musa.

Ecology, Epidemiology and Disease Management of Ralstonia syzygii in Indonesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Safni, Irda; Subandiyah, Siti; Fegan, Mark

2018-01-01

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex phylotype IV strains, which have been primarily isolated from Indonesia, Australia, Japan, Korea, and Malaysia, have undergone recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes to be placed in the species Ralstonia syzygii . This species contains three subspecies; Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii , a pathogen causing Sumatra disease of clove trees in Indonesia, Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis , the causal pathogen of bacterial wilt disease on a wide range of host plants, and Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis , the causal pathogen of blood disease on Musa spp. In Indonesia, these three subspecies have devastated the cultivation of susceptible host plants which have high economic value. Limited knowledge on the ecology and epidemiology of the diseases has hindered the development of effective control strategies. In this review, we provide insights into the ecology, epidemiology and disease control of these three subspecies of Ralstonia syzygii .

Bactérias endofíticas como agentes promotores do crescimento de plantas de tomateiro e de inibição in vitro de Ralstonia solanacearum Endophytic bacteria as agents of plant growth promotion in tomato and inhibition in vitro of Ralstonia solanacearum

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Patrícia Baston Barretti

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de 150 isolados de bactérias endofíticas obtidos de folhas, caules e raízes de tomateiros sadios, 53 destacaram-se quanto à habilidade em promover o crescimento de plantas de tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.. Submetidos a uma nova seleção, os isolados UFV-E17, UFV-E22, UFV-E25, UFV-E26, UFV-E27, Bacillus cereus (UFV-E29, UFV-E49, UFLA 06-LS, UFLA 08-LS e UFLA 11-LS apresentaram maior promoção do crescimento. Avaliações semanais de altura e número de folhas e folíolos das plantas aconteceram durante 45 dias. Após a sexta avaliação, mensurou-se a área foliar e o peso da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e da raiz das plantas. O isolado UFV-E49 apresentou melhor resultado para altura, área foliar, número de folhas e peso da matéria fresca e seca, tanto da parte aérea quanto da raiz. Dos isolados selecionados, somente dois apresentaram efeito inibitório direto in vitro a Ralstonia solanacearum.Out of one hundred and fifty isolates of endophytic bacteria from leaves, stems and roots of healthy tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L., fifty three showed ability to promote tomato plant growth, among these, ten isolates UFV-E17, UFV-E22, UFV-E25, UFV-E26, UFV-E27, Bacillus cereus (UFV-E29, UFV-E49, UFLA 06-LS, UFLA 08-LS and UFLA 11-LS, provided the largest plant growth promotion. Weekly assessment of plant height and number of leaves and leaflets were carried out during 45 days. After the sixth evaluation, the leaf area and the fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of plants and of the roots were measured. Isolate UFV-E49 provided the largest values of height, leaf area, number of leaves and fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of plants as well as the root. From the selected isolates, only two presented antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum.

Ethylene emission and PR protein synthesis in ACC deaminase producing Methylobacterium spp. inoculated tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) challenged with Ralstonia solanacearum under greenhouse conditions.

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Yim, Woojong; Seshadri, Sundaram; Kim, Kiyoon; Lee, Gillseung; Sa, Tongmin

2013-06-01

Bacteria of genus Methylobacterium have been found to promote plant growth and regulate the level of ethylene in crop plants. This work is aimed to test the induction of defense responses in tomato against bacterial wilt by stress ethylene level reduction mediated by the ACC deaminase activity of Methylobacterium strains. Under greenhouse conditions, the disease index value in Methylobacterium sp. inoculated tomato plants was lower than control plants. Plants treated with Methylobacterium sp. challenge inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) showed significantly reduced disease symptoms and lowered ethylene emission under greenhouse condition. The ACC and ACO (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) accumulation in tomato leaves were significantly reduced with Methylobacterium strains inoculation. While ACC oxidase gene expression was found higher in plants treated with R. solanacearum than Methylobacterium sp. treatment, PR proteins related to induced systemic resistance like β-1,3-glucanase, PAL, PO and PPO were increased in Methylobacterium sp. inoculated plants. A significant increase in β-1,3-glucanase and PAL gene expression was found in all the Methylobacterium spp. treatments compared to the R. solanacearum treatment. This study confirms the activity of Methylobacterium sp. in increasing the defense enzymes by modulating the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and suggests the use of methylotrophic bacteria as potential biocontrol agents in tomato cultivation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Overexpression of NtWRKY50 Increases Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and Alters Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Production in Tobacco.

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Liu, Qiuping; Liu, Ying; Tang, Yuanman; Chen, Juanni; Ding, Wei

2017-01-01

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) modulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we characterized a WRKY IIc TF, NtWRKY50, isolated from tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) plants. The results showed that NtWRKY50 is a nuclear-localized protein and that its gene transcript is induced in tobacco when inoculated with the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum . Overexpression of NtWRKY50 enhanced bacterial resistance, which correlated with enhanced SA and JA/ET signaling genes. However, silencing of the NtWRKY50 gene had no obvious effects on plant disease resistance, implying functional redundancy of NtWRKY50 with other TFs. In addition, it was found that NtWRKY50 can be induced by various biotic or abiotic stresses, such as Potato virus Y, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora parasitica , hydrogen peroxide, heat, cold, and wounding as well as the hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). Importantly, additional analysis suggests that NtWRKY50 overexpression markedly promotes SA levels but prevents pathogen-induced JA production. These data indicate that NtWRKY50 overexpression leads to altered SA and JA content, increased expression of defense-related genes and enhanced plant resistance to R. solanacearum. These probably due to increased activity of endogenous NtWRKY50 gene or could be gain-of-function phenotypes by altering the profile of genes affected by NtWRKY50 .

Ferulic Acid, But Not All Hydroxycinnamic Acids, Is a Novel T3SS Inducer of Ralstonia solanacearum and Promotes Its Infection Process in Host Plants under Hydroponic Condition

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Yong Zhang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs are typical monocyclic phenylpropanoids, including cinnamic acid (Cin, coumaric acid (Cou, caffeic acid (Caf, ferulic acid (FA and their isomers, and involved in the interactions between pathogens and host plants. Here, we focused on the impact of HCAs on expression of type III secretion system (T3SS in Ralstonia solanacearum. FA significantly induced the expression of the T3SS and some type III effectors (T3Es genes in hrp-inducing medium, while did not the other HCAs. However, exogenously supplemented FA did not affect the T3SS expression in planta and the elicitation of the hypersensitive response (HR in tobacco leaves. Consistent with its central roles in pathogenicity, the FA-induced expression of the T3SS led to significant promotion on infection process of R. solanacearum in tomato plants under hydroponics cultivation. Moreover, the FA-induced expression of the T3SS was specifically mediated by the well-characterized signaling cascade PrhA-prhI/R-PrhJ-HrpG-HrpB, independent of the other known regulatory pathways. In summary, our results demonstrated that FA, a novel inducer of the T3SS in R. solanacearum, was able to promote its infection process in host plants under hydroponics condition.

Bactérias extremófilas facultativas : efeito na promoção de crescimento de plantas de tomate e na supressão de Ralstonia solanacearum

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Rezende, Adriana Magali de Freitas Alves

2011-01-01

O tomateiro comum (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma olerícola de grande importância econômica e social, se destacando no Brasil, pelas extensas áreas agrícolas cultivadas. O Brasil é o sexto maior produtor de tomate no mundo. No entanto, a murcha bacteriana, causada pela bactéria Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi está entre as doenças de maior importância e de difícil controle, não existindo ainda medidas adequadas que possam ser recomendadas. Com objetivo de determinar um controle biológ...

Prophage Rs551 and Its Repressor Gene orf14 Reduce Virulence and Increase Competitive Fitness of Its Ralstonia solanacearum Carrier Strain UW551.

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Ahmad, Abdelmonim Ali; Stulberg, Michael J; Huang, Qi

2017-01-01

We previously characterized a filamentous lysogenic bacteriophage, ϕRs551, isolated directly from the race 3 biovar 2 phylotype IIB sequevar 1 strain UW551 of Ralstonia solanacearum grown under normal culture conditions. The genome of ϕRs551 was identified with 100% identity in the deposited genomes of 11 race 3 biovar 2 phylotype IIB sequevar 1 strains of R. solanacearum , indicating evolutionary and biological importance, and ORF14 of ϕRs551 was annotated as a putative type-2 repressor. In this study, we determined the effect of the prophage and its ORF14 on the virulence and competitive fitness of its carrier strain UW551 by deleting the orf14 gene only (the UW551 orf14 mutant), and nine of the prophage's 14 genes including orf14 and six out of seven structural genes (the UW551 prophage mutant), respectively, from the genome of UW551. The two mutants were increased in extracellular polysaccharide production, twitching motility, expression of targeted virulence and virulence regulatory genes ( pilT, egl, pehC, hrPB, and phcA ), and virulence, suggesting that the virulence of UW551 was negatively regulated by ϕRs551, at least partially through ORF14. Interestingly, we found that the wt ϕRs551-carrying strain UW551 of R. solanacearum significantly outcompeted the wt strain RUN302 which lacks the prophage in tomato plants co-inoculated with the two strains. When each of the two mutant strains was co-inoculated with RUN302, however, the mutants were significantly out-competed by RUN302 for the same colonization site. Our results suggest that ecologically, ϕRs551 may play an important role by regulating the virulence of and offering a competitive fitness advantage to its carrier bacterial strain for persistence of the bacterium in the environment, which in turn prolongs the symbiotic relationship between the phage ϕRs551 and the R. solanacearum strain UW551. Our study is the first toward a better understanding of the co-existence between a lysogenic phage and

CaWRKY22 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Pepper Response to Ralstonia Solanacearum by Constituting Networks with CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27, CaWRKY40, and CaWRKY58

OpenAIRE

Ansar Hussain; Xia Li; Yahong Weng; Zhiqin Liu; Muhammad Furqan Ashraf; Ali Noman; Sheng Yang; Muhammad Ifnan; Shanshan Qiu; Yingjie Yang; Deyi Guan; Shuilin He

2018-01-01

The WRKY web, which is comprised of a subset of WRKY transcription factors (TFs), plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant immunity, however, the mode of organization and operation of this network remains obscure, especially in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annuum). Herein, CaWRKY22, a member of a subgroup of IIe WRKY proteins from pepper, was functionally characterized in pepper immunity against Ralstonia Solanacearum. CaWRKY22 was found to target the nuclei, and its trans...

Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from China assessed by PCR-based fingerprints to unravel host plant- and site-dependent distribution patterns.

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Xue, Qing-Yun; Yin, Yan-Ni; Yang, Wei; Heuer, Holger; Prior, Philippe; Guo, Jian-Hua; Smalla, Kornelia

2011-03-01

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious threat to crop production in China. A collection of 319 R. solanacearum strains isolated from 14 different diseased host plants collected in 15 Chinese provinces was investigated by BOX fingerprints in order to test the influence of the site and the host plant on their genetic diversity. Phylotype, fliC-RFLP patterns and biovar were determined for all strains and the sequevar for 39 representative strains. The majority of strains belonged to the Asian phylotype I, shared identical fliC-RFLP patterns and were assigned to four biovars (bv3:123; bv4:162; bv5:3; and bv6:11). Twenty strains were phylotype II, assigned to biovar 2, and had distinct fliC-RFLP patterns. BOX-PCR fingerprints generated from the genomic DNA of each strain revealed a high diversity of the phylotype I strains, where 28 types of BOX fingerprints could be distinguished. While many BOX clusters comprised isolates from different provinces and several host plants, some groups contained isolates that were plant or site specific. All phylotype II isolates originating from 10 provinces belonged to sequevar 1 and displayed identical BOX patterns as the potato brown rot strains from various regions of the world. © 2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

Endophytic Bacteria Suppress Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Activate Defense-related Metabolites

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Fahime Safdarpour

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Phytopathogenic microorganisms affect plant health and burden a major threat to food production and ecosystem stability. Increasing the use of chemical pesticides for plant diseases control causes several negative effects on human and environment health. Furthermore, increasing public awareness about the side effects of them led to a research to find alternatives for these products. One of the alternative methods is bio-control utilizing plant associated antagonistic microorganisms. Materials and methods: In this study, 80 endophytic bacteria were isolated from tomato tissues. Their antagonistic activity screened based on agar diffusion test, against tomato bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum. They were identified based on the morphological, biochemical properties and 16s rRNA sequence analyses. These strains were evaluated in greenhouse and tested for their ability to induce the production of defense-related enzymes in plants e.g. Peroxidase (PO, polyphenoloxidase (PPO and phenolics based on spectrophotometer method. Results: Results showed FS67, FS167 and FS184 strains had maximum inhibition zone forming. They identified as Pseudomonas mossellii, P. fuorescence and P. brassicacearum respectively. FS67 and FS167 strains significantly reduced disease in greenhouse. There was a significant increase in the activity of PO, PPO and phenolics in tomato plants treated with FS67, FS167 and pathogen. Discussion and conclusion: The present study has shown that P. mosselli and P. fuorescence might have the potential to control R. solanacearum. However, the good results obtained in vitro cannot be gained the same as those in greenhouse or field conditions. So, further experiments are needed to determine the effectiveness of these isolates under field conditions.This work support the view that increased defense enzymes activities could be involved, at least in part, in the beneficial effects of endophytic bacteria on plants growth

Prophage Rs551 and Its Repressor Gene orf14 Reduce Virulence and Increase Competitive Fitness of Its Ralstonia solanacearum Carrier Strain UW551

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Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad

2017-12-01

Full Text Available We previously characterized a filamentous lysogenic bacteriophage, ϕRs551, isolated directly from the race 3 biovar 2 phylotype IIB sequevar 1 strain UW551 of Ralstonia solanacearum grown under normal culture conditions. The genome of ϕRs551 was identified with 100% identity in the deposited genomes of 11 race 3 biovar 2 phylotype IIB sequevar 1 strains of R. solanacearum, indicating evolutionary and biological importance, and ORF14 of ϕRs551 was annotated as a putative type-2 repressor. In this study, we determined the effect of the prophage and its ORF14 on the virulence and competitive fitness of its carrier strain UW551 by deleting the orf14 gene only (the UW551 orf14 mutant, and nine of the prophage’s 14 genes including orf14 and six out of seven structural genes (the UW551 prophage mutant, respectively, from the genome of UW551. The two mutants were increased in extracellular polysaccharide production, twitching motility, expression of targeted virulence and virulence regulatory genes (pilT, egl, pehC, hrPB, and phcA, and virulence, suggesting that the virulence of UW551 was negatively regulated by ϕRs551, at least partially through ORF14. Interestingly, we found that the wt ϕRs551-carrying strain UW551 of R. solanacearum significantly outcompeted the wt strain RUN302 which lacks the prophage in tomato plants co-inoculated with the two strains. When each of the two mutant strains was co-inoculated with RUN302, however, the mutants were significantly out-competed by RUN302 for the same colonization site. Our results suggest that ecologically, ϕRs551 may play an important role by regulating the virulence of and offering a competitive fitness advantage to its carrier bacterial strain for persistence of the bacterium in the environment, which in turn prolongs the symbiotic relationship between the phage ϕRs551 and the R. solanacearum strain UW551. Our study is the first toward a better understanding of the co-existence between a

Prophage Rs551 and Its Repressor Gene orf14 Reduce Virulence and Increase Competitive Fitness of Its Ralstonia solanacearum Carrier Strain UW551

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmad, Abdelmonim Ali; Stulberg, Michael J.; Huang, Qi

2017-01-01

We previously characterized a filamentous lysogenic bacteriophage, ϕRs551, isolated directly from the race 3 biovar 2 phylotype IIB sequevar 1 strain UW551 of Ralstonia solanacearum grown under normal culture conditions. The genome of ϕRs551 was identified with 100% identity in the deposited genomes of 11 race 3 biovar 2 phylotype IIB sequevar 1 strains of R. solanacearum, indicating evolutionary and biological importance, and ORF14 of ϕRs551 was annotated as a putative type-2 repressor. In this study, we determined the effect of the prophage and its ORF14 on the virulence and competitive fitness of its carrier strain UW551 by deleting the orf14 gene only (the UW551 orf14 mutant), and nine of the prophage’s 14 genes including orf14 and six out of seven structural genes (the UW551 prophage mutant), respectively, from the genome of UW551. The two mutants were increased in extracellular polysaccharide production, twitching motility, expression of targeted virulence and virulence regulatory genes (pilT, egl, pehC, hrPB, and phcA), and virulence, suggesting that the virulence of UW551 was negatively regulated by ϕRs551, at least partially through ORF14. Interestingly, we found that the wt ϕRs551-carrying strain UW551 of R. solanacearum significantly outcompeted the wt strain RUN302 which lacks the prophage in tomato plants co-inoculated with the two strains. When each of the two mutant strains was co-inoculated with RUN302, however, the mutants were significantly out-competed by RUN302 for the same colonization site. Our results suggest that ecologically, ϕRs551 may play an important role by regulating the virulence of and offering a competitive fitness advantage to its carrier bacterial strain for persistence of the bacterium in the environment, which in turn prolongs the symbiotic relationship between the phage ϕRs551 and the R. solanacearum strain UW551. Our study is the first toward a better understanding of the co-existence between a lysogenic phage and

Genetic mapping of a major dominant gene for resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in eggplant.

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Lebeau, A; Gouy, M; Daunay, M C; Wicker, E; Chiroleu, F; Prior, P; Frary, A; Dintinger, J

2013-01-01

Resistance of eggplant against Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I strains was assessed in a F(6) population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a intra-specific cross between S. melongena MM738 (susceptible) and AG91-25 (resistant). Resistance traits were determined as disease score, percentage of wilted plants, and stem-based bacterial colonization index, as assessed in greenhouse experiments conducted in Réunion Island, France. The AG91-25 resistance was highly efficient toward strains CMR134, PSS366 and GMI1000, but only partial toward the highly virulent strain PSS4. The partial resistance found against PSS4 was overcome under high inoculation pressure, with heritability estimates from 0.28 to 0.53, depending on the traits and season. A genetic map was built with 119 AFLP, SSR and SRAP markers positioned on 18 linkage groups (LG), for a total length of 884 cM, and used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. A major dominant gene, named ERs1, controlled the resistance to strains CMR134, PSS366, and GMI1000. Against strain PSS4, this gene was not detected, but a significant QTL involved in delay of disease progress was detected on another LG. The possible use of the major resistance gene ERs1 in marker-assisted selection and the prospects offered for academic studies of a possible gene for gene system controlling resistance to bacterial wilt in solanaceous plants are discussed.

The Effect of Fluorescent Pseudomonads Application on the Resistance of Chili Plants Against the Attack of Ralstonia Solanacearum and Fusarium Oxysporum in the Field

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Wuryandari Yenny

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Chili (Capsicum annuum L. is one of the vegetable commodities with high economic value. Until now, the necessity rate of chili is still high but the production is still low. One of the obstacles, which highly influence chili production, is wilt disease due to Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum. This study aims at identifying the best fluorescent pseudomonads isolate in suppressing the development of the primary wilt disease due to Ralstonia solanacearum and F. oxysprorum in the field. This study employs Completely Randomized Design that comprises 3 treatments. The three treatments are the type of fluorescent pseudomonads which is Pf-122 isolate, Pf-160 isolate, and Pf-B isolate. The observation parameter on suppressing the disease development is perceived from incubation period of the initial appearance of symptoms, disease index and the change of stem tissue color. The result of the study shows that the longest incubation period is treatment with fluorescent pseudomonads of Pf-122 isolate and Pf-160 isolate. The chili is treated with fluorescent pseudomonads of Pf-122 isolate and Pf-160 isolate, the initial appearance of symptoms at the 8th day after inoculation. In the treatment with fluorescent pseudomonads of Pf-122 isolate and Pf-160 isolate compared to control, is able to delay the appearance of symptom for 3 days. The disease development starts from 10th to 30th day, the treatment with Pf-122 isolate shows the slowest development compared to other treatment and control. In the last observation, the disease index with treatment of Pf-122 isolate is the lowest which is 37%, then it is followed by Pf-B and Pf-160 which are 39% and 40% respectively, whereas in the control it reaches 67%. For the color change on stem tissue, there is no real difference of the three treatments of fluorescent pseudomonads application but it differs and smaller from the control.

Host plant-dependent phenotypic reversion of Ralstonia solanacearum from non-pathogenic to pathogenic forms via alterations in the phcA gene.

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Poussier, Stéphane; Thoquet, Philippe; Trigalet-Demery, Danièle; Barthet, Séverine; Meyer, Damien; Arlat, Matthieu; Trigalet, André

2003-08-01

Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium that undergoes a spontaneous phenotypic conversion (PC) from a wild-type pathogenic to a non-pathogenic form. PC is often associated with mutations in phcA, which is a key virulence regulatory gene. Until now, reversion to the wild-type pathogenic form has not been observed for PC variants and the biological significance of PC has been questioned. In this study, we characterized various alterations in phcA (eight IS element insertions, three tandem duplications, seven deletions and a base substitution) in 19 PC mutants from the model strain GMI1000. In five of these variants, reversion to the pathogenic form was observed in planta, while no reversion was ever noticed in vitro whatever culture media used. However, reversion was observed for a 64 bp tandem duplication in vitro in the presence of tomato root exudate. This is the first report showing a complete cycle of phenotypic conversion/reversion in a plant pathogenic bacterium.

Aplicación de la técnica de PCR en la detección de Ralstonia solanacearum en campos paperos

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Analía Sanabria

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La murchera de la papa causada por Ralstonia solanacearum es una amenaza permanente para el cultivo con consecuencias devastadoras en condiciones predisponentes. La incidencia de esta enfermedad en Uruguay es variable; desde la década de 1970 se registran brotes agudos periódicos difíciles de prevenir y controlar. Se ha detectado a R. solanacearumen todas las regiones de producción, lo que dificulta el mantenimiento de áreas libres de patógeno y la continuidad del cultivo. Dado que no existen agentes químicos efectivos, las estrategias de control apuntan a la prevención, recomendando la rotación de cultivos, la desinfección de herramientas y el uso de semilla certificada libre del patógeno. En este trabajo se optimizó la detección molecular de R. solanacearum en suelo mediante PCR con el objetivo de conocer la persistencia del patógeno en el campo. El método se aplicó al análisis de tres campos con diferentes antecedentes de murchera, y se demostró que el patógeno es capaz de permanecer viable por más de 10 años. También se determinaron las ventajas y limitaciones de esta metodología en su aplicación a muestras complejas. Estos resultados constituyen un importante aporte que genera conocimiento que permitirá a los productores delinear mejores estrategias para el manejo de la enfermedad al momento de planificar los cultivos.

An evaluation of the wilt-causing bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum as a potential biological control agent for the alien Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) in Hawaiian forests

Science.gov (United States)

1999-01-01

Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) is an invasive weed in tropical forests in Hawaii and elsewhere. Bacterial wilt caused by the ginger strain of Ralstonia(=Pseudomonas) solanacearum systemically infects edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) and ornamental gingers (Hedychium spp.), causing wilt in infected plants. The suitability of R. solanacearum as a biological control agent for kahili ginger was investigated by inoculating seedlings and rooted cuttings of native forest plants, ornamental ginger, and solanaceous species to confirm host specificity. Inoculation via stem injection or root wounding with a bacterial–water suspension was followed by observation for 8 weeks. Inoculations on H. gardnerianum were then carried out in ohia-lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) wet forests of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to determine the bacterium's efficacy in the field. No native forest or solanaceous species developed wilt or other symptoms during the study. The bacterium caused limited infection near the inoculation site on H. coronarium, Z. zerumbet, Heliconia latispatha, and Musa sapientum. However, infection did not become systemic in any of these species, and normal growth resumed following appearance of initial symptoms. All inoculated H. gardnerianum plants developed irreversible chlorosis and severe wilting 3–4 weeks following inoculation. Systemic infection also caused death and decay of rhizomes. Most plants were completely dead 16–20 weeks following inoculation. The destructiveness of the ginger strain of R. solanacearum to edible ginger has raised questions regarding its use for biological control. However, because locations of kahili ginger infestations are often remote, the risk of contaminating edible ginger plantings is unlikely. The ability of this bacterium to cause severe disease in H. gardnerianum in the field, together with its lack of virulence in other ginger species, contributes to its potential as a biological control agent.

Biovar Differentiation and Variation in Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Isolates Infecting Solanaceous Vegetables

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Ram Devi Timila

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of solanaceous vegetables specially tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.. Experiments were conducted to determine biovar types existing among the strains or isolates of Nepal and variation in virulence in some vegetables belonging to solanaceae family. A total of 39 isolates infecting tomato, eggplant, chilli and potato collected from different parts of Nepal were analyzed for biovar types on the basis of 3 disaccharides and 3 hexose alcohols oxidation test. Experiments were conducted to determine variation in virulence or aggressiveness of some of the isolates under screen house conditions using three host differentials such as Pusa Ruby (susceptible, Bishesh (moderately resistant and Srijana (resistant tomato cultivars. Of the 39 isolates, 23 were biovar III, three biovar II, three biovar IV, and one was biovar I. Nine isolates could not be differentiated into any of the five biovars. For breeding and epidemiological purposes it is very important to analyze the variability of aggressiveness. A total of 5 isolates collected from different places were included in the test. Isolates from Bhaktapur was found the most virulent causing wilt in the variety Bishesh (moderately resistant. Other isolates had the negative impact with zero wilt on the differentials used. Isolates from Jungekhola of Dhading district did not induce wilt even on susceptible variety (Pusa Ruby, but exhibited only senescence reaction. The result indicated that there is some slight variation among the isolates tested. Some effective management tactics might be needed in those locations where highly aggressive or virulent strain of bacterial wilt is prevalent, because resistant variety may not be stable in such locations.

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects and Mechanism of Action of Protocatechualdehyde against Ralstonia solanacearum

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Shili Li

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Protocatechualdehyde (PCA is an important plant-derived natural product that has been associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging and an anti-inflammatory agent. However, fewer reports concerning its antibacterial effects on plant-pathogenic bacteria exist. Therefore, in this study, protocatechualdehyde was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against plant pathogens along with the mechanism of its antibacterial action. PCA at 40 μg/mL was highly active against R. solanacearum and significantly inhibited its growth. The minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration values for PCA were 40 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL, respectively. Further investigation of the mechanism of action of PCA via transmission electron microscopy and biological assays indicated that the destruction of the cell structure, the shapes and the inhibition of biofilm formation were important. In addition, the application of PCA effectively reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt on tobacco under greenhouse conditions, and the control efficiency was as high as 92.01% at nine days after inoculation. Taken together, these findings suggest that PCA exhibits strong antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum and has the potential to be applied as an effective antibacterial agent for controlling bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.

Effect of calcium cyanamide, ammonium bicarbonate and lime mixture, and ammonia water on survival of Ralstonia solanacearum and microbial community

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Liu, Lijuan; Sun, Chengliang; Liu, Xingxing; He, Xiaolin; Liu, Miao; Wu, Hao; Tang, Caixian; Jin, Chongwei; Zhang, Yongsong

2016-01-01

The inorganic nitrogenous amendments calcium cyanamide (CC), ammonia water (AW), and a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate with lime (A+L) are popularly used as fumigants to control soil-borne disease in China. However, it is unclear which of these fumigants is more effective in controlling R. solanacearum. This present study compared the efficiencies of the three nitrogenous amendments listed above at four nitrogen levels in suppressing the survival of R. solanacearum in soil. The CC showed the best ability to suppress R. solanacearum due to its highest capacity to increase soil and NO2− contents and pH. However, AW was more suitable to controlling bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum because it had a lower cost and its application rate of 0.25 g N kg−1 soil could effectively suppress the survival of R. solanacearum. Additionally, soil microbial activity and community populations were restored to their initial state four weeks after the application of each fumigant, indicating that the three fumigants had few detrimental impacts on soil microbial activity and community structure with an exception of the suppression of R. solanacearum. The present study provides guidance for the selection of a suitable alkaline nitrogenous amendment and its application rate in controlling bacterial wilt. PMID:26738601

Effect of calcium cyanamide, ammonium bicarbonate and lime mixture, and ammonia water on survival of Ralstonia solanacearum and microbial community

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Lijuan; Sun, Chengliang; Liu, Xingxing; He, Xiaolin; Liu, Miao; Wu, Hao; Tang, Caixian; Jin, Chongwei; Zhang, Yongsong

2016-01-01

The inorganic nitrogenous amendments calcium cyanamide (CC), ammonia water (AW), and a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate with lime (A+L) are popularly used as fumigants to control soil-borne disease in China. However, it is unclear which of these fumigants is more effective in controlling R. solanacearum. This present study compared the efficiencies of the three nitrogenous amendments listed above at four nitrogen levels in suppressing the survival of R. solanacearum in soil. The CC showed the best ability to suppress R. solanacearum due to its highest capacity to increase soil and NO2- contents and pH. However, AW was more suitable to controlling bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum because it had a lower cost and its application rate of 0.25 g N kg-1 soil could effectively suppress the survival of R. solanacearum. Additionally, soil microbial activity and community populations were restored to their initial state four weeks after the application of each fumigant, indicating that the three fumigants had few detrimental impacts on soil microbial activity and community structure with an exception of the suppression of R. solanacearum. The present study provides guidance for the selection of a suitable alkaline nitrogenous amendment and its application rate in controlling bacterial wilt.

A duplex PCR assay for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II strains in Musa spp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilles Cellier

Full Text Available Banana wilt outbreaks that are attributable to Moko disease-causing strains of the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs remain a social and economic burden for both multinational corporations and subsistence farmers. All known Moko strains belong to the phylotype II lineage, which has been previously recognized for its broad genetic basis. Moko strains are paraphyletic and are distributed among seven related but distinct phylogenetic clusters (sequevars that are potentially major threats to Musaceae, Solanaceae, and ornamental crops in many countries. Although clustered within the Moko IIB-4 sequevar, strains of the epidemiologically variant IIB-4NPB do not cause wilt on Cavendish or plantain bananas; instead, they establish a latent infection in the vascular tissues of plantains and demonstrate an expanded host range and high aggressiveness toward Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Although most molecular diagnostic methods focus on strains that wilt Solanaceae (particularly potato, no relevant protocol has been described that universally detects strains of the Musaceae-infecting Rs phylotype II. Thus, a duplex PCR assay targeting Moko and IIB-4NPB variant strains was developed, and its performance was assessed using an extensive collection of 111 strains representing the known diversity of Rs Moko-related strains and IIB-4NPB variant strains along with certain related strains and families. The proposed diagnostic protocol demonstrated both high accuracy (inclusivity and exclusivity and high repeatability, detected targets on either pure culture or spiked plant extracts. Although they did not belong to the Moko clusters described at the time of the study, recently discovered banana-infecting strains from Brazil were also detected. According to our comprehensive evaluation, this duplex PCR assay appears suitable for both research and diagnostic laboratories and provides reliable detection of phylotype II Rs strains that infect Musaceae.

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-ACAR-01-1107 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-ACAR-01-1107 ref|NP_519445.1| PROBABLE TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN [Ralstonia solana...cearum GMI1000] emb|CAD15026.1| probable lipid a biosynthesis transmembrane protein [Ralstonia solanacearum] NP_519445.1 6.1 29% ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-SCER-15-0000 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-SCER-15-0000 ref|NP_520947.1| PROBABLE FIMBRIAL ASSEMBLY TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN... [Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] emb|CAD16533.1| probable fimbrial assembly transmembrane protein [Ralstonia solanacearum] NP_520947.1 1.3 24% ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-XTRO-01-0649 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-XTRO-01-0649 ref|NP_521460.1| PROBABLE TRANSMEMBRANE ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN [...Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] emb|CAD17129.1| probable transmembrane abc transporter protein [Ralstonia solanacearum] NP_521460.1 1e-133 79% ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-XTRO-01-0657 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-XTRO-01-0657 ref|NP_521459.1| PROBABLE TRANSMEMBRANE ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN [...Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] emb|CAD17128.1| probable transmembrane abc transporter protein [Ralstonia solanacearum] NP_521459.1 6e-91 75% ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-XTRO-01-0098 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-XTRO-01-0098 ref|NP_522097.1| PROBABLE SUGAR-PROTON SYMPORTER TRANSMEMBRANE PR...OTEIN [Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] emb|CAD17687.1| probable sugar-proton symporter transmembrane protein [Ralstonia solanacearum] NP_522097.1 0.38 30% ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-DNOV-01-2796 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-DNOV-01-2796 ref|NP_521847.1| PUTATIVE HEMIN-BINDING OUTER MEMBRANE TRANSMEMBR...ANE PROTEIN [Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] emb|CAD17437.1| putative hemin-binding outer membrane transmembrane protein [Ralstonia solanacearum] NP_521847.1 0.003 33% ...

Characterization and DNA-binding specificities of Ralstonia TAL-like effectors

KAUST Repository

Li, Lixin

2013-07-01

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas sp. have been used as customizable DNA-binding modules for genome-engineering applications. Ralstonia solanacearum TALE-like proteins (RTLs) exhibit similar structural features to TALEs, including a central DNA-binding domain composed of 35 amino acid-long repeats. Here, we characterize the RTLs and show that they localize in the plant cell nucleus, mediate DNA binding, and might function as transcriptional activators. RTLs have a unique DNA-binding architecture and are enriched in repeat variable di-residues (RVDs), which determine repeat DNA-binding specificities. We determined the DNA-binding specificities for the RVD sequences ND, HN, NP, and NT. The RVD ND mediates highly specific interactions with C nucleotide, HN interacts specifically with A and G nucleotides, and NP binds to C, A, and G nucleotides. Moreover, we developed a highly efficient repeat assembly approach for engineering RTL effectors. Taken together, our data demonstrate that RTLs are unique DNA-targeting modules that are excellent alternatives to be tailored to bind to user-selected DNA sequences for targeted genomic and epigenomic modifications. These findings will facilitate research concerning RTL molecular biology and RTL roles in the pathogenicity of Ralstonia spp. © 2013 The Author.

Constraints on genome dynamics revealed from gene distribution among the Ralstonia solanacearum species.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierre Lefeuvre

Full Text Available Because it is suspected that gene content may partly explain host adaptation and ecology of pathogenic bacteria, it is important to study factors affecting genome composition and its evolution. While recent genomic advances have revealed extremely large pan-genomes for some bacterial species, it remains difficult to predict to what extent gene pool is accessible within or transferable between populations. As genomes bear imprints of the history of the organisms, gene distribution pattern analyses should provide insights into the forces and factors at play in the shaping and maintaining of bacterial genomes. In this study, we revisited the data obtained from a previous CGH microarrays analysis in order to assess the genomic plasticity of the R. solanacearum species complex. Gene distribution analyses demonstrated the remarkably dispersed genome of R. solanacearum with more than half of the genes being accessory. From the reconstruction of the ancestral genomes compositions, we were able to infer the number of gene gain and loss events along the phylogeny. Analyses of gene movement patterns reveal that factors associated with gene function, genomic localization and ecology delineate gene flow patterns. While the chromosome displayed lower rates of movement, the megaplasmid was clearly associated with hot-spots of gene gain and loss. Gene function was also confirmed to be an essential factor in gene gain and loss dynamics with significant differences in movement patterns between different COG categories. Finally, analyses of gene distribution highlighted possible highways of horizontal gene transfer. Due to sampling and design bias, we can only speculate on factors at play in this gene movement dynamic. Further studies examining precise conditions that favor gene transfer would provide invaluable insights in the fate of bacteria, species delineation and the emergence of successful pathogens.

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ASE AND NICOTINAMIDASE ... HYDROLASE (NICOTINE DEAMIDASE) [Ralstonia solanac...earum] ... ref|NP_519881.1| PROBABLE BIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN: ... PYRAZINAMIDASE AND NICOTINAMIDAS...E HYDROLASE (NICOTINE ... DEAMIDASE) [Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] ... ... NC_003295 gi|17546479 >1j2rA 11 186 9 209 4e-27 ... emb|CAD15462.1| PROBABLE BIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN: PYRAZINAMID

ORF Alignment: NC_003296 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ... [Ralstonia solanacearum] ... Length = 97 ... Query: 16 ... EIDSWDLYIALQNGENLVVVDGRSAEAFEREHIPGAINIPHRTICE...NALAKLDKAPLYVT 75 ... EIDSWDLYIALQNGENLVVVDGRSAEAFEREHIPGAINIPHRTICENA...LAKLDKAPLYVT Sbjct: 1 ... EIDSWDLYIALQNGENLVVVDGRSAEAFEREHIPGAINIPHRTICENALAKLDKAPLYVT 60 ...

Identification of virulence factors and type III effectors of Phylotype I ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

HP2000

R. solanacearum finds its way into the plant through wounds in the roots and .... 10% (c) Acidic residues should be absent within the first twelve amino acids. .... PilA has been used to study the genetic diversity in soil bacterium ..... the GALA type III effector family contributes to Ralstonia solanacearum adaptation on different.

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Tomato Bacterial Wilt Resistance and Soil Microbial Amount and Activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang Lu

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Bacterial wilt is a serious soilborne disease of Solanaceae crops which is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The important role of biochar in enhancing disease resistance in plants has been verified; however, the underlying mechanism remains not fully understood. In this study, two different biochars, made from peanut shell (BC1 and wheat straw (BC2, were added to Ralstonia solanacearum-infected soil to explore the interrelation among biochar, tomato bacterial wilt, and soil microbial properties. The results showed that both BC1 and BC2 treatments significantly reduced the disease index of bacterial wilt by 28.6% and 65.7%, respectively. The populations of R. solanacearum in soil were also significantly decreased by biochar application. Ralstonia solanacearum infection significantly reduced the densities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and increased the ratio of soil fungi/bacteria in the soil. By contrast, BC1 and BC2 addition to pathogen-infected soil significantly increased the densities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes but decreased the density of fungi and the ratios of soil fungi/bacteria and fungi/actinomycetes. Biochar treatments also increased soil neutral phosphatase and urease activity. Furthermore, higher metabolic capabilities of microorganisms by biochar application were found at 96 and 144 h in Biolog EcoPlates. These results suggest that both peanut and wheat biochar amendments were effective in inhibiting tomato bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. The results suggest a relationship between the disease resistance of the plants and the changes in soil microbial population densities and activity.

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ERASE ... PROTEIN [Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] ... Length = 202 ... Query: 2 ... PDSTLTLISHPLCP...FVQRAAIVLLEKGVPFERINVDLAAKPDWFLALSPTGKVPLLKVVR 61 ... PDSTLTLISHPLCPFVQRAA...IVLLEKGVPFERINVDLAAKPDWFLALSPTGKVPLLKVVR Sbjct: 1 ... PDSTLTLISHPLCPFVQRAAIVLLEKGVPFERINVDLAAKPDWFLALSPTGKVPLL

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available TEIN ... [Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] ... Length = 101 ... Query: 1 ... MIPGELLPQDGDLELNAGRPTLTVTVANT...GDRPVQIGSHYHFHEVNDALRFDREATRGYR 60 ... MIPGELLPQDGDLELNAGRPTLTVTVANT...GDRPVQIGSHYHFHEVNDALRFDREATRGYR Sbjct: 1 ... MIPGELLPQDGDLELNAGRPTLTVTVANTGDRPVQIGSHYHFHEVNDALRFDREATRGYR 60 ...

ORF Alignment: NC_003296 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available h = 142 ... Query: 321 PQETCSLFFVEAIQSARKRLWITTPYFIPDEXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXILIPARPDHRVV 380 ... PQETCS...LFFVEAIQSARKRLWITTPYFIPDE ... ILIPARPDHRVV Sbjct: 1 ... PQETCSLFFVEAIQSARKRL... ... CARDIOLIPIN SYNTHETASE TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN [Ralstonia ... solanacearum] ... Lengt

ORF Alignment: NC_003296 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ... [Ralstonia solanacearum] ... Length = 154 ... Query: 2 ... VQIRPFRSGDELALHAVFYSXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPADHD...TAQWAERMRRIQPFVA 61 ... VQIRPFRSGDELALHAVFYS ... PADHD...TAQWAERMRRIQPFVA Sbjct: 1 ... VQIRPFRSGDELALHAVFYSAVHQLAAAHYTAAQLAAWAPADHDTAQWAERMRRIQPFVA 60 ... Query: 122 E

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ECTION DURING STARVATION OR OXYDATIVE STRESS ... TRANSCRIPTION REGULATOR PROTEIN [Ralstonia solanacea...rum] ... ref|NP_520808.1| PUTATIVE DNA PROTECTION DURING ... STARVATION OR OXYDATIVE STRESS TR

Bacteriophage-Based Bacterial Wilt Biocontrol for an Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

OpenAIRE

?lvarez, Bel?n; Biosca, Elena G.

2017-01-01

Bacterial wilt diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum, and R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (former R. solanacearum species complex) are among the most important plant diseases worldwide, severely affecting a high number of crops and ornamentals. Difficulties of bacterial wilt control by non-biological methods are related to effectiveness, bacterial resistance and environmental impact. Alternatively, a great many biocontrol strategies have been carried out, with the a...

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003295 gi|17546028 >1fjgR 2 71 22 91 5e-16 ... emb|CAD15011.1| PROBABLE PRIMOSOMAL REPLICATION... PROTEIN [Ralstonia solanacearum] ... ref|NP_519430.1| PROBABLE PRIMOSOMAL REPLICATION ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-LAFR-01-2095 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-LAFR-01-2095 ref|NP_519386.1| PROBABLE SN-GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE TRANSMEMBRANE A...BC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN [Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000] emb|CAD14967.1| probable sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transme

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003295 gi|17546366 >1bxdA 1 144 297 447 7e-18 ... emb|CAD15349.1| PROBABLE OXIDATIVE STRESS...PROTEIN ... [Ralstonia solanacearum] ref|NP_519768.1| PROBABLE ... OXIDATIVE STRESS RESISTANCE

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003295 gi|17546366 >1joyA 1 67 230 295 9e-16 ... emb|CAD15349.1| PROBABLE OXIDATIVE STRESS...ROTEIN ... [Ralstonia solanacearum] ref|NP_519768.1| PROBABLE ... OXIDATIVE STRESS RESISTANCE

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003295 gi|17547365 >1gkmA 3 497 10 504 e-143 ... emb|CAD16353.1| PROBABLE HISTIDINE AMMONIA...-LYASE (HISTIDASE) PROTEIN [Ralstonia ... solanacearum] ref|NP_520767.1| PROBABLE HISTIDINE ... AMMONIA

Dicty_cDB: [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available |pid:none) Cupriavidus taiwanensis str. LM... 34 4.1 AE015928_2526( AE015928 |pid:none) Bacteroides thetaiot...168 |pid:none) Ralstonia solanacearum strain I... 35 3.1 CU633749_1834( CU633749

ORF Alignment: NC_003296 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003296 gi|17548586 >1gkmA 10 504 26 526 e-118 ... ref|NP_521926.1| PROBABLE HISTIDINE AMMONIA...-LYASE PROTEIN [Ralstonia solanacearum ... GMI1000] emb|CAD17516.1| PROBABLE HISTIDINE ... AMMONIA

Water relations of Pseudomonas solanacearum

African Journals Online (AJOL)

GREGORY

2010-08-30

Aug 30, 2010 ... pathogens of plants, especially, Erwinia chrysanthemi. (Mildenhall et al., 1988; Prior et al., 1994; Gouesbet et al., 1995; Gouesbet et al., 1996). This helps to determine how they survive in dry soil for long periods as saprophytes. Experiments undertaken here on P. solanacearum give a glimpse of what may ...

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003295 gi|17544778 >1mwmA 4 314 14 329 3e-49 ... emb|CAD13587.1| PROBABLE ROD SHAPE-DETERMINING... PROTEIN [Ralstonia solanacearum] ... ref|NP_518180.1| PROBABLE ROD SHAPE-DETERMINING PR

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003295 gi|17548082 >1wcv1 2 241 2 249 7e-27 ... emb|CAD16862.1| PROBABLE SEPTUM SITE-DETERMINING... PROTEIN MIND [Ralstonia ... solanacearum] ref|NP_521484.1| PROBABLE SEPTUM ... SITE-DETERMINING

ORF Alignment: NC_003295 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_003295 gi|17547375 >1v4aA 29 433 25 452 2e-95 ... emb|CAD16363.1| PROBABLE GLUTAMATE-AMMONIA... ... [Ralstonia solanacearum] ref|NP_520777.1| PROBABLE ... GLUTAMATE-AMMONIA-LIGASE ADENYLYLTRANSFERAS

New Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA) Scheme for Fine-Scale Monitoring and Microevolution-Related Study of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Phylotype I Populations

Science.gov (United States)

Guinard, Jérémy; Latreille, Anne; Guérin, Fabien; Poussier, Stéphane

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is considered one of the most harmful plant diseases in the world. Special attention should be paid to R. pseudosolanacearum phylotype I due to its large host range, its worldwide distribution, and its high evolutionary potential. So far, the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of this bacterium are poorly understood. Until now, the genetic structure of the RSSC has been analyzed on the worldwide and regional scales. Emerging questions regarding evolutionary forces in RSSC adaptation to hosts now require genetic markers that are able to monitor RSSC field populations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) approach for its ability to discriminate genetically close phylotype I strains and for population genetics studies. We developed a new MLVA scheme (MLVA-7) allowing us to genotype 580 R. pseudosolanacearum phylotype I strains extracted from susceptible and resistant hosts and from different habitats (stem, soil, and rhizosphere). Based on specificity, polymorphism, and the amplification success rate, we selected seven fast-evolving variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) markers. The newly developed MLVA-7 scheme showed higher discriminatory power than the previously published MLVA-13 scheme when applied to collections sampled from the same location on different dates and to collections from different locations on very small scales. Our study provides a valuable tool for fine-scale monitoring and microevolution-related study of R. pseudosolanacearum phylotype I populations. IMPORTANCE Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of adaptation of plant pathogens to new hosts or ecological niches has become a key point for the development of innovative disease management strategies, including durable resistance. Whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence or pathogenicity changes have been studied thoroughly, the

Biological and biochemical studies on irradiated potato tubers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salem, E.A.F.M

2008-01-01

The present investigation aimed to study and overcome two important diseases which attacks potato plant, using some chemical and physical treatments. The first disease was pre harvest brown rot caused by ralstonia solanacearum and the second was post harvest dry rot caused by fusarium oxysporum. The results are summarized as follows: firstly brown rot : 1- Foliar treatment of salicylic acid or calcium chloride on potato plants leads to increasing in plant height and number of potato tubers, since salicylic acid give the highest value of plant height and also calcium chloride give the highest number of potato tubers. Also, this treatment leads to insignificant decreasing in number of potato tubers infected by brown rot. 2- The bacteria ralstonia solanacearum isolated from infected tubers obtained from the project of brown rot, Ministry of agriculture, Egypt, added with irrigate water to the pots this bacteria could infect healthy potato plant and the symptoms of brown rot observed on tubers also pathogenicity test was carried out using seedling of tomato cultivar Gs plants and wilting of tomato plant observed after 10-15 days from injection with R.solanacearum. 3- Concerning D 10 -value determined from the relation between dose rate of gamma ray (k-rad) and log count of bacterial number it was found that the D 10 -value for R.solanacearum was 0.25 kGy

Influence of introduced potential biocontrol agents on maize seedling growth and bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kozdroj, J; Trevors, JT; van Elsas, JD

Two species of Pseudomonas chromosomally tagged with gfp, which had shown antagonistic activity against the tomato pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in a previous study, were assessed for their impact in the rhizosphere of maize. Plant growth characteristics, numbers of indigenous heterotrophic

Evaluation of edible ginger and turmeric cultivars for root-knot nematode resistance

Science.gov (United States)

Edible ginger and turmeric roots are important agricultural commodities for the State of Hawaii. Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, and root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are major factors hindering optimum production. An evaluation of tolerance and resistance to M. incognita was undertake...

Antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis SB1 and its biocontrol effect on tomato bacterial wilt

Science.gov (United States)

A potential biocontrol agent of bacterial wilt, Bacillus subtilis SB1, isolated from tomato roots, showed a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity in in vitro experiments. It inhibited the growth of many plant pathogens, including Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Fusarium ox...

Assessment of transformability of bacteria associated with tomato and potato plants

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Overbeek, van L.S.; Ray, J.L.; Elsas, van J.D.

2007-01-01

Transformation of plant-associated bacteria by plant DNA has never been demonstrated in agricultural fields. In total 552 bacterial isolates from stems of Ralstonia solanacearum-infected and healthy tomato plants and from stems and leaves of healthy potato plants were tested for natural genetic

Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 29 (2015)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Isolation and Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Bacterial Wilt of Tomato in Nigeria · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. AR Popoola, SA Ganiyu, OA Enikuomehin, JG Bodunde, OB Adedibu, HA Durosomo, OA Karunwi, 1 – 10.

(SRAP) markers linked to bacterial wilt resistance genes i

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SAM

2014-03-19

Mar 19, 2014 ... Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most economically important diseases affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is necessary to develop more molecular markers for potential use in potato genetic research. A highly resistant primitive cultivated species Solanum phureja was.

Bruinrot bij aardappel

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Janse, J.D.; Bergsma-Vlami, M.M.; Wenneker, M.

2009-01-01

De quarantaineziekte bruinrot van aardappel, veroorzaakt door de bacterie Ralstonia (voorheen : Pseudomonas solanacearum) werd in Nederland voor het eerst met zekerheid aangetroffen in 1992. Het betrof een geïsoleerd geval in Zuid-Limburg, dat later verbonden bleek te zijn met een eerder opgetreden

Identification and Chacterization of new strains of Enterobacter spp. causing Mulberry (Morus alba) wilt disease in China

Science.gov (United States)

A new mulberry wilt disease (MWD) was recently identified in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Typical symptoms of the disease are dark brown discolorations in vascular tissues, leaf wilt, defoliation, and tree decline. Unlike the bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, the leaf w...

Conserved Responses in a War of Small Molecules between a Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium and Fungi.

Science.gov (United States)

Spraker, Joseph E; Wiemann, Philipp; Baccile, Joshua A; Venkatesh, Nandhitha; Schumacher, Julia; Schroeder, Frank C; Sanchez, Laura M; Keller, Nancy P

2018-05-22

Small-molecule signaling is one major mode of communication within the polymicrobial consortium of soil and rhizosphere. While microbial secondary metabolite (SM) production and responses of individual species have been studied extensively, little is known about potentially conserved roles of SM signals in multilayered symbiotic or antagonistic relationships. Here, we characterize the SM-mediated interaction between the plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and the two plant-pathogenic fungi Fusarium fujikuroi and Botrytis cinerea We show that cellular differentiation and SM biosynthesis in F. fujikuroi are induced by the bacterially produced lipopeptide ralsolamycin (synonym ralstonin A). In particular, fungal bikaverin production is induced and preferentially accumulates in fungal survival spores (chlamydospores) only when exposed to supernatants of ralsolamycin-producing strains of R. solanacearum Although inactivation of bikaverin biosynthesis moderately increases chlamydospore invasion by R. solanacearum , we show that other metabolites such as beauvericin are also induced by ralsolamycin and contribute to suppression of R. solanacearum growth in vitro Based on our findings that bikaverin antagonizes R. solanacearum and that ralsolamycin induces bikaverin biosynthesis in F. fujikuroi , we asked whether other bikaverin-producing fungi show similar responses to ralsolamycin. Examining a strain of B. cinerea that horizontally acquired the bikaverin gene cluster from Fusarium , we found that ralsolamycin induced bikaverin biosynthesis in this fungus. Our results suggest that conservation of microbial SM responses across distantly related fungi may arise from horizontal transfer of protective gene clusters that are activated by conserved regulatory cues, e.g., a bacterial lipopeptide, providing consistent fitness advantages in dynamic polymicrobial networks. IMPORTANCE Bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous neighbors in many environments, including

Diversité de Ralstonia Solanacearum au Cameroun et bases génétiques de la résistance chez le piment (Capsicum Annuum) et les Solanacées

OpenAIRE

Mahbou-Somo-Toukam , Gabriel

2010-01-01

The knowledge of genetic diversity of R. solanacearum as well as the knowledge of genetic determinism of pepper resistance are critical for elaborating a strategy against this ubiquist bacterium. They will facilitate the choice and direction of fighting methods and the development of well adapted tools for quarantine measures. In a modern approach of genetics more and more based on plant models, Solanaceaes occupy a place of pioneer. On another hand the emerging breakdown of resistances seems...

Relationships within the Proteobacteria of plant pathogenic Acidovorax species and subspecies, Burkholderia species, and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, numerical analysis and determinative tests.

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, F P; Young, J M; Triggs, C M; Park, D C; Saul, D J

2001-12-01

Sequence data for 16S rDNA of the type strains of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, A. avenae subsp. cattleyae, A. avenae subsp. citrulli, A. konjaci and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans were compared with GenBank library accessions of Burkholderia spp., Comamonas sp., Ralstonia solanacearum and Variovorax sp. Maximum Parsimony analysis produced two clusters: 1. Acidovorax spp., Comamonas sp., and Variovorax sp. (all in the Comamonadaceae), and 2. Burkholderia spp., Ralstonia solanacearum, and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans. Maximum Likelihood analysis produced only one cluster (of the Comamonadaceae). Using nutritional and laboratory tests, all Acidovorax spp., Burkholderia spp., and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans were discriminated in distinct clusters at the species level, and could be identified by selected determinative tests. There were no phenotypic tests constituted as a circumscription of the genera and which permitted the allocation of strains to genera. Strain identification as species allowed allocation to genera only by inference. The nomenclatural implications of these data are discussed.

Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. TRUPTI ASOLKAR. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 97 Issue 1 March 2018 pp 55-66 RESEARCH ARTICLE. Identification of virulence factors and type III effectors of phylotype I, Indian Ralstonia solanacearum strains Rs-09-161 and Rs-10-244 · TRUPTI ASOLKAR ...

Improving cost-effectiveness of brown rot control: the value of bio-economic modelling

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Breukers, A.; Werf, van der W.; Mourits, M.C.M.; Oude Lansink, A.G.J.M.

2007-01-01

Since 1995, the Dutch potato production chain has been hit by several outbreaks of brown rot, a quarantine disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2. To avoid establishment of brown rot in the potato production chain and avert the consequences on potato export, the Dutch government

Intestinal Ralstonia pickettii augments glucose intolerance in obesity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udayappan, Shanthadevi D; Kovatcheva-Datchary, Petia; Bakker, Guido J

2017-01-01

of insulin resistance in obesity. Here, we report that bacterial DNA is present in mesenteric adipose tissue of obese but otherwise healthy human subjects. Pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed that DNA from the Gram-negative species Ralstonia was most prevalent. Interestingly, fecal abundance...... had reduced glucose tolerance. In addition, circulating levels of endotoxin were increased in R. pickettii-treated mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that intestinal Ralstonia is increased in obese human subjects with T2DM and reciprocally worsens glucose tolerance in DIO mice....

Effect of selected essential oil plants on bacterial wilt disease ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constrain to production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Control of bacterial wilt is very difficult as there are no effective curative chemicals. This study was aimed at investigating the potential roles of essential oil plants in control of the disease.

Bacterial Wilt in China: History, Current Status, and Future Perspectives

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Gaofei; Wei, Zhong; Xu, Jin; Chen, Huilan; Zhang, Yong; She, Xiaoman; Macho, Alberto P.; Ding, Wei; Liao, Boshou

2017-01-01

Bacterial wilt caused by plant pathogenic Ralstonia spp. is one of the most important diseases affecting the production of many important crops worldwide. In China, a large scientific community has been dedicated to studying bacterial wilt and its causative agent, Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum and R. solanacearum. Most of their work was published in Chinese, which has hindered international communication and collaboration in this field. In this review, we summarize the status of knowledge on geographical distribution, diversity, and host range of Ralstonia spp., as well as, the impact of bacterial wilt on important crops and disease control approaches, in China. We present areas of research and publications by Chinese scientists and propose the promotion of collaborative research within China and with the international community. PMID:28955350

Inheritance and identification of SCAR marker linked to bacterial wilt ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In the present work, the combinations (F1) were crossed between highly resistant and susceptible to bacterial wilt eggplant parents and its F2, BC1 segregation population plants were inoculated with race1 of Ralstonia solanacearum in greenhouse. In this paper, we reported that the inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in ...

Intestinal Ralstonia pickettii augments glucose intolerance in obesity.

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Shanthadevi D Udayappan

Full Text Available An altered intestinal microbiota composition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM. Low grade inflammation, potentially initiated by the intestinal microbiota, has been suggested to be a driving force in the development of insulin resistance in obesity. Here, we report that bacterial DNA is present in mesenteric adipose tissue of obese but otherwise healthy human subjects. Pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed that DNA from the Gram-negative species Ralstonia was most prevalent. Interestingly, fecal abundance of Ralstonia pickettii was increased in obese subjects with pre-diabetes and T2DM. To assess if R. pickettii was causally involved in development of obesity and T2DM, we performed a proof-of-concept study in diet-induced obese (DIO mice. Compared to vehicle-treated control mice, R. pickettii-treated DIO mice had reduced glucose tolerance. In addition, circulating levels of endotoxin were increased in R. pickettii-treated mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that intestinal Ralstonia is increased in obese human subjects with T2DM and reciprocally worsens glucose tolerance in DIO mice.

Mechanism of host substrate acetylation by a YopJ family effector.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zhi-Min; Ma, Ka-Wai; Gao, Linfeng; Hu, Zhenquan; Schwizer, Simon; Ma, Wenbo; Song, Jikui

2017-07-24

The Yersinia outer protein J (YopJ) family of bacterial effectors depends on a novel acetyltransferase domain to acetylate signalling proteins from plant and animal hosts. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of PopP2, a YopJ effector produced by the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, in complex with inositol hexaphosphate (InsP 6 ), acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA) and/or substrate Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1 (RRS1-R) WRKY . PopP2 recognizes the WRKYGQK motif of RRS1-R WRKY to position a targeted lysine in the active site for acetylation. Importantly, the PopP2-RRS1-R WRKY association is allosterically regulated by InsP 6 binding, suggesting a previously unidentified role of the eukaryote-specific cofactor in substrate interaction. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the reaction intermediate of PopP2-mediated acetylation, an acetyl-cysteine covalent adduct, lending direct support to the 'ping-pong'-like catalytic mechanism proposed for YopJ effectors. Our study provides critical mechanistic insights into the virulence activity of YopJ class of acetyltransferases.

Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Ralstonia pickettii and Ralstonia insidiosa isolates from clinical and environmental sources including High-purity Water.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Ryan, Michael P

2011-08-30

Abstract Background Ralstonia pickettii is a nosocomial infectious agent and a significant industrial contaminant. It has been found in many different environments including clinical situations, soil and industrial High Purity Water. This study compares the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of a selection of strains of Ralstonia collected from a variety of sources. Results Ralstonia isolates (fifty-nine) from clinical, industrial and environmental origins were compared genotypically using i) Species-specific-PCR, ii) PCR and sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA Interspatial region (ISR) iii) the fliC gene genes, iv) RAPD and BOX-PCR and v) phenotypically using biochemical testing. The species specific-PCR identified fifteen out of fifty-nine designated R. pickettii isolates as actually being the closely related species R. insidiosa. PCR-ribotyping of the 16S-23S rRNA ISR indicated few major differences between the isolates. Analysis of all isolates demonstrated different banding patterns for both the RAPD and BOX primers however these were found not to vary significantly. Conclusions R. pickettii species isolated from wide geographic and environmental sources appear to be reasonably homogenous based on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. R. insidiosa can at present only be distinguished from R. pickettii using species specific PCR. R. pickettii and R. insidiosa isolates do not differ significantly phenotypically or genotypically based on environmental or geographical origin.

Potencialidade de um actinomiceto de rizosfera de tomateiro como agente de biocontrole de doenças Potenciality of an actinomycete from tomato rhizosphere as a biocontrol agent for tomato diseases

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Renato Carrer Filho

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Um actinomiceto (Streptomyces setonii, isolado 'UFV-RD1', obtido de rizosfera de planta sadia de tomateiro, foi selecionado dentre outros 117, como promissor agente de biocontrole de enfermidades da cultura. Em testes de antagonismo in vitro contra patógenos do tomateiro, o isolado 'UFV-RD1' foi incapaz de inibir o crescimento de bactérias (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria mas inibiu a germinação de conídios de alguns fungos (Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Corynespora cassiicola, Stemphylium solani. Em ensaios de biocontrole experimental in vivo, em casa de vegetação, o actinomiceto foi efetivo em reduzir a severidade de sintomas no caso de patógenos fúngicos e bacterianos testados como desafiantes. A campo, quando A. solani e P. infestans ocorreram naturalmente, as plantas originárias de sementes microbiolizadas com propágulos da estirpe 'UFV-RD1' exibiram sintomas menos severos que as plantas controle para o caso da pinta preta. O agente de biocontrole é promissor para futuros protocolos de manejo integrado, como forma de reduzir a quantidade de defensivos utilizados.An actinomycete (Streptomyces setonii, isolate 'UFV-RD1', isolated from the rhizosphere of a healthy tomato plant was selected out of 117 as a promising biocontrol agent for tomato diseases. In in vitro antagonism tests against tomato pathogens, the isolate 'UFV-RD1' was unable to inhibit growth of bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria but inhibited conidium germination of fungi (Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Corynespora cassiicola, Stemphylium solani. Experimental biocontrol assays in a greenhouse indicated that the actinomycete was effective for reducing symptom severity in the case of bacteria and fungi tested

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Ralstonia syzygii

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Yanuar Danaatmadja

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Ralstonia syzygii is one of important pathogens of cloves. This study was aimed at obtaining pure culture of R. syzygi from diseased plant tissue samples. The acterium was isolated from infected clove plantations in Ungaran, Central Java. It had the ability to make clove seedlings show symptoms and then die 41 days after inoculation. The reisolated bacterium also showed its ability to kill clove seedlings after 17 days. The bacterium is gram negative, able to ultilize glucose, sucrose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, and glycerol, able to hydrolyze starch, grow well at 27oC, able to catalyze and release water and oxygen from hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2 and aerobically.   Ralstonia syzygii merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada tanaman cengkeh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapakan isolat murni R syzygii dari jaringan tanaman terinfeksi. Bakteri diisolasi dari pertanaman cengkeh sakit yang berasal dari daerah Ungaran, Jawa Tengah. Bakteri menunjukkan kemampuan untuk menyebabkan bibit tanaman cangkeh sakit dan kemudian mati 41 hsi. Bakteri hasil reisolasi juga menunjukkan kemampuannya menyebabkan sakit dan kematian pada bibit tanaman cengkeh setelah 17 hsi. Bakteri yang diperoleh bersifat gram negatif, mampu memanfaatkan glukosa, sukrosa, maltosa, manitol, sorbitol, dulsitol, dan gliserol, mampu menghidrolisis pati, tumbuh baik pada suhu 27o C, mampu mengkatalisis dan melepaskan air dan oksigen dari hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 dan bersifat aerob.

Biological Control Of The Egyptian Brown Rot In Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salem, E.A.; Askora, A. M.

2012-01-01

Pseudomonas fluorescence, P. aeruginosa, Bacillus subtillus and streptomyces spp. Were used in control of Ralstonia solanacearum, the casual agent of brown rot in potato. In vitro, antagonistic activities showed that streptomyces spp. was the most antagonistic followed by P. fluorescence, Bacillus subtilus and P. aeruginosa respectively. Also, in vivo, biological control of R. solanacearum showed that Streptomyces spp. was found to reduce the percentage of brown rot infection to 5% followed by P. fluorescence, Bacillus subtilus and P. aeruginosa reducing the percentage of infection to 15 , 25 and 40%, respectively. Also, the disease severity when using Streptomyces spp. and P. fluorescence was reduced from 5 to 1 and reduced from 5 to 2 when using Bacillus subtilus and P. aeruginosa.

PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESMENT OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. (SWEET PEPPER AND CHILLI GERMPLASM FROM THE GENE POOL OF THE WORLD VEGETABLE CENTER (AVRDC UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ARARAT VALLEY IN ARMENIA

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K. M. Sarikyan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available On an experimental basis of the Scientific Center of vegetable, melon and industrial crops (Republic of Armenia 20 accessions of the world germplasm of Capsicum annuum L. (sweet pepper, chili provided by the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC have been studied. The accessions resistant to such diseases as verticillium wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum Reincke, bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum (= Pseudomonas solanacearum, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, blossom end rot of fruit, and tip-burn have been selected. These genotypes of chili and sweet pepper are the promising initial material in breeding for resistance to common diseases. In collaboration with other breeders, five varieties of peppers were developed and released: sweet pepper cultivars Natalie, Emily, Miles, and chili cultivars Zita and Gita.

Synergistic interaction in dual-species biofilms formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Ralstonia spp

Science.gov (United States)

Introduction: Ralstonia spp., a heterotrophic bacterium that are isolated from produce processing environments as part of the native microflora, have strong potentials for formaing biofilms on various surfaces. When co-cultured, Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EcO157) and Ralstonia spp. displayed a synerg...

Auraalne Contra / Hasso Krull

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Krull, Hasso, 1964-

2001-01-01

Bibliogr. joonealustes märkustes. Rets. rmt. : Contra [Konnula, Margus]. Suusamütsi tutt : luulet aastatest 1974-2000. Urvaste ; Tartu : Mina Ise, 2001; Contra [Konnula, Margus]. Contra on õhk : [helikassett]. Urvaste :¡ Mina Ise, 2000

Early detection of plant disease using close range sensing system for input into digital earth environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chew, W C; Lau, A M S; Kang, C S; Hashim, M; Battay, A E

2014-01-01

A case study on pre-symptom stage of plant disease infection using ground based hyperspectral remote sensing was conducted. The objectives of the study are: (1) to validate the existence of pre-symptom stage of Ralstonia Solanacearum infection in Solanum Melongena L. (eggplant), and (2) to determine the induced electromagnetic spectral response for infected eggplant. From the experiment, the pre-symptom duration of Ralstonia Solanacearum infection in the case of eggplant was estimated (with the artificial photosynthetic stress conditions were adopted in the experiment to induce measurable changes in daily hyperspectral measurement of disease infected eggplant samples during the pre-symptom stage) as four days which is the critical period for practicing effective treatments. Vegetation indices namely, (1) Chlorophyll Absorption Integral (CAI), (2) Photochemical Radiation Index (PRI), and (3) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have successfully shown noticeable progress of index value from the infected sample plant (with 100% light stress condition) throughout the study. Yet, other infected sample plants with moderate light stress conditions (50% or 75%) did not result any similar progress of index value from the daily leaf scale hyperspectral measurements. Apparently, extreme light stress can induce significant changes at visible portion in hyperspectral measurements for a disease infected eggplant during the pre-symptom stage

root colonized by Glomus mosseae and Ralstonia solanacearum

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Yomi

2012-03-27

Mar 27, 2012 ... Ngakou et al., 2007), plant nutrition support (Mahmood and Rizvi, 2010), and salt stress (Shokri and Maadi,. 2009). Safir (1968) was the first to report the study on interaction of plant pathogenic fungi and species of AMF, followed by many reports confirming the reduction of disease severity as a result of ...

Evaluation of tomato rootstocks and its use to control bacterial wilt diseaseAvaliação de porta-enxertos de tomateiro e o uso da enxertia no controle da murcha bacteriana

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Francisco Ferraz Laranjeira

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Tomato plants are susceptible to bacterial wilting, which causes production losses varying from 10 to 100 %. A method for controlling this disease is the use of grafting on resistant rootstocks. This work had the objective of evaluating tomato genotypes for the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and the grafting technique as an alternative for the bacterial wilt control in the region of Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil. To evaluate the resistance to R. solanacearum, four local genotypes, collected in different regions of Bahia, the cv. Santa Clara as a susceptible treatment, and the Hawaii 7996 (H7996, as a resistant treatment were studied. For the evaluation of grafting method for control of bacterial wilt, the H7996 was used as rootstock, and the cvs. Santa Clara, Santa Cruz Kada, and Débora Plus were used as the scion plants. Both experiments were evaluated in an area infested with R. solanacearum, for a period of 65 days for the selection of the rootstocks and 45 days for the evaluation of the grafting method. Only the H7996 can be recommended as a R. solanacearum resistant rootstock. The other genotypes showed susceptibility to the pathogen. The grafting on the H7996 did not show incompatibility with the scion tomato cultivars tested and reached 100 % control of the bacterial wilt disease, for all treatments, suggesting that this method can be used as an alternative for the bacterial wilt control, allowing the production of susceptible tomato cultivars in areas infested with R. solanacearum A suscetibilidade do tomateiro à murcha bacteriana (Ralstonia solanacearum causa perdas que vão de 10 a 100 % na produção e uma das alternativas de controle que vem sendo utilizada é a enxertia com porta-enxerto resistente. Este trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar genótipos de tomateiro quanto à resistência a R. solanacearum e a enxertia como alternativa para o controle da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro na região do Recôncavo Baiano. Para avalia

APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZER AND Bacillus sp. BIOPESTICIDE FOR INCREASING TOMATO RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE

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Nur Prihatiningsih

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Bacterial wilt on tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a crucial disease, because it can reduce yield until 50%. The aims of this research were: 1 to find out biopesticide formula for Bacillus sp.growth, 2 to test Bacillus sp. against R. solanacearum in vitro, 3 to test potassium fertilizer combined with Bacillus sp. for enhancing tomato resistance to the bacterial wilt disease. The research was conducted in 2 steps i.e to test the persistence of Bacillus sp. in biopesticide formula, and to test the best combination of both potassium and the Bacillus sp. biopesticide. The results showed that Bacillus B298 was the best isolate in its persistence on the biopesticide formula of organic growth medium+CaCO3+CMC 1%+mannitol 1%, and in inhibiting R. solanacearum. The best biopesticide formula for the Bacillus sp. persistence was growth organic media+ CaCO3+CMC 1%+mannitol 1%. Bacillus sp. was able to increase tomato resistance to the bacterial wilt disease from the category of susceptible to be tolerant and becoming resistant.

Selection and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Disease

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ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Biological control of bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum of tomato using endophytic bacteria is one of the alternative control methods to support sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to select and characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy tomato stems and to test their ability to promote plant growth and suppress bacterial wilt disease. Among 49 isolates successfully isolated, 41 were non-plant pathogenic. Green house test on six selected isolates based on antagonistic effect on R. solanacearum or ability to suppress R. solanacearum population in dual culture assays obtained BC4 and BL10 isolates as promising biocontrol agents. At six weeks after transplanting, plants treated with BC4 isolate showed significantly lower disease incidence (33% than that of control (83%. Plants height was not significantly affected by endophytic bacterial treatments. Based on 16S rRNA sequence, BC4 isolate had 97% similarity with Staphylococcus epidermidis (accession number EU834240.1, while isolate BL10 had 98% similarity with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain JK-SD002 (accession number AB547229.1.

Simultaneous Detection of Brown Rot- and Soft Rot-Causing Bacterial Pathogens from Potato Tubers Through Multiplex PCR.

Science.gov (United States)

Ranjan, R K; Singh, Dinesh; Baranwal, V K

2016-11-01

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones) Bergey et al. (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) are the two major bacterial pathogens of potato causing brown rot (wilt) and soft rot diseases, respectively, in the field and during storage. Reliable and early detection of these pathogens are keys to avoid occurrence of these diseases in potato crops and reduce yield loss. In the present study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed for simultaneous detection of R. solanacearum and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora from potato tubers. A set of oligos targeting the pectatelyase (pel) gene of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and the universal primers based on 16S r RNA gene of R. solanacearum were used. The standardized multiplex PCR protocol could detect R. solanacearum and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora up to 0.01 and 1.0 ng of genomic DNA, respectively. The protocol was further validated on 96 stored potato tuber samples, collected from different potato-growing states of India, viz. Uttarakhand, Odisha, Meghalaya and Delhi. 53.1 % tuber samples were positive for R. solanacearum, and 15.1 % of samples were positive for E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, and both the pathogens were positive in 26.0 % samples when BIO-PCR was used. This method offers sensitive, specific, reliable and fast detection of two major bacterial pathogens from potato tubers simultaneously, particularly pathogen-free seed certification in large scale.

Biological Control of Bacterial Wilt in South East Asia

OpenAIRE

Arwiyanto, Triwidodo

2014-01-01

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum destroys many crops of different plant families in South East Asia despite many researches about the disease, and the availability of developed control method in other parts of the world. There is no chemical available for the bacterial wilt pathogen and biological control is then chosen as an alternative to save the crops. Most of the biological control studies were based on antagonism between biological control agent and the pathogen. ...

Detección de Ca Liberibacter solanacearum y fitoplasmas en cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. en el Valle de Toluca

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Ana Tarin Gutiérrez-Ibáñez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Título en ingles: Detection of Ca Liberibacter solanacearum and phytoplasma in potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L. in Toluca Valley Título corto: Detección de Ca Liberibacter solanacearum y fitoplasmas Resumen En México y Centro América se han detectado tubérculos de papa con manchado interno. Recientemente en Texas EUA a esta enfermedad se le ha denominado “Zebra Chip” (ZC o rayado de la papa, los síntomas foliares se asemejan al síndrome denominado “Punta Morada de la Papa” (PMP o enfermedad del “amarillamiento por psilidos” la cual es asociada con la presencia de “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”. El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar la presencia de esta bacteria y de fitoplasmas en plantas de papa que presentaban la coloración purpura de los foliolos. Durante el ciclo primavera – verano 2011 y 2012 se hizo un muestreo en los municipios de Tenango del Valle, Zinacantepec, Villa de Allende y San José del Rincón, del Estado de México. La detección de ambos patógenos se realizó mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR con los iniciadores específicos para fitoplasmas: P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR1 y para Ca Liberibacter solanacearum: OA2/Oi2c, resultando el 35,8% de las plantas positivas para fitoplasmas y el 11,6% para la bacteria. Los resultados indican  que en algunas regiones productoras de papa del Estado de México,  los dos presuntos agentes causales del síndrome de  PMP, fitoplasmas y Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum, pueden estar asociados. Palabras clave: Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum; Fitoplasma; punta morada. Abstract In Mexico and Central America have been detected stained potato tubers with internal browning; recently in Texas, USA, this disease has been called "Zebra Chip" (ZC or striped potato, foliar symptoms resemble the syndrome called "Potato Purple Top" (PPT or "psyllid yellows" disease which is associated with the presence of "Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum�

Ralstonia mannitolilytica infection in renal transplant recipient: First report

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Mukhopadhyay C

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Ralstonia mannitolilytica is being increasingly identified as an opportunist pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We report the first case of post renal transplant infection by R. mannitolilytica, in a 14-year-old recipient. The graft and the patient were saved with prompt microbiological identification, sensitivity testing and subsequent administration of appropriate antibiotic.

PATOGENISITAS BAKTERI LAYU PISANG (RALSTONIA SP. PADA BEBERAPA TANAMAN LAIN

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Titik Nur Aeny1 .

2011-10-01

Pathogenicity of banana wilt  bacteria (Ralstonia sp. on  several other  plants.  This experiment was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity of bacterial wilt of banana pathogen (Ralstonia sp. isolated from infected plants in Lampung on tomato, chili pepper, eggplant, and ginger.  The experiment was conducted in Laboratory of Plant Protection Department,  Faculty of Agricultural University of Lampung, from May 1999 to February 2000.  Treatments in this experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were tomato, eggplant, chili pepper, and  ginger.  Banana was used as the control. The results of this experiment showed that up to 30 days after inoculation, the bacteria isolated from banana found  in Lampung was not able to cause symptom on tomato,  chili pepper, eggplant, nor ginger. However, this bacteria caused wilting on banana eight days after inoculation; the incubation period of this bacteria on banana was eight days.

Anaerobic digestion in mesophilic and room temperature conditions: Digestion performance and soil-borne pathogen survival.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Le; Jian, Shanshan; Bi, Jinhua; Li, Yunlong; Chang, Zhizhou; He, Jian; Ye, Xiaomei

2016-05-01

Tomato plant waste (TPW) was used as the feedstock of a batch anaerobic reactor to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici survival. Batch experiments were carried out for TS (total solid) concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively, at mesophilic (37±1°C) and room (20-25°C) temperatures. Results showed that higher digestion performance was achieved under mesophilic digestion temperature and lower TS concentration conditions. The biogas production ranged from 71 to 416L/kg VS (volatile solids). The inactivation of anaerobic digestion tended to increase as digestion performance improved. The maximum log copies reduction of R. solanacearum and P. capsici detected by quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were 3.80 and 4.08 respectively in reactors with 4% TS concentration at mesophilic temperatures. However, both in mesophilic and room temperature conditions, the lowest reduction of R. solanacearum was found in the reactors with 6% TS concentration, which possessed the highest VFA (volatile fatty acid) concentration. These findings indicated that simple accumulation of VFAs failed to restrain R. solanacearum effectively, although the VFAs were considered poisonous. P. capsici was nearly completely dead under all conditions. Based on the digestion performance and the pathogen survival rate, a model was established to evaluate the digestate biosafety. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Water Extract from Spent Mushroom Substrate of Hericium erinaceus Suppresses Bacterial Wilt Disease of Tomato

Science.gov (United States)

Kwak, A Min; Min, Kyeong Jin; Lee, Sang Yeop

2015-01-01

Culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum B3. Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes (Sanjo 701), Grifola frondosa, and Hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. Water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of H. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. axonopodis pv. citiri, and X. axonopodis pv. glycine. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that water extracts of SMS (WESMS) of H. erinaceus induced expressions of plant defense genes encoding β-1,3-glucanase (GluA) and pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a), associated with systemic acquired resistance. Furthermore, WESMS also suppressed tomato wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum by 85% in seedlings and promoted growth (height, leaf number, and fresh weight of the root and shoot) of tomato plants. These findings suggest the WESMS of H. erinaceus has the potential to suppress bacterial wilt disease of tomato through multiple effects including antibacterial activity, plant growth promotion, and defense gene induction. PMID:26539048

Bacteriophage-Based Bacterial Wilt Biocontrol for an Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

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Belén Álvarez

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Bacterial wilt diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum, and R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (former R. solanacearum species complex are among the most important plant diseases worldwide, severely affecting a high number of crops and ornamentals. Difficulties of bacterial wilt control by non-biological methods are related to effectiveness, bacterial resistance and environmental impact. Alternatively, a great many biocontrol strategies have been carried out, with the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Advances in bacterial wilt biocontrol include an increasing interest in bacteriophage-based treatments as a promising re-emerging strategy. Bacteriophages against the bacterial wilt pathogens have been described with either lytic or lysogenic effect but, they were proved to be active against strains belonging to R. pseudosolanacearum and/or R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis, not to the present R. solanacearum species, and only two of them demonstrated successful biocontrol potential in planta. Despite the publication of three patents on the topic, until now no bacteriophage-based product is commercially available. Therefore, there is still much to be done to incorporate valid bacteriophages in an integrated management program to effectively fight bacterial wilt in the field.

Bacteriophage-Based Bacterial Wilt Biocontrol for an Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture.

Science.gov (United States)

Álvarez, Belén; Biosca, Elena G

2017-01-01

Bacterial wilt diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum , R. pseudosolanacearum , and R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (former R. solanacearum species complex) are among the most important plant diseases worldwide, severely affecting a high number of crops and ornamentals. Difficulties of bacterial wilt control by non-biological methods are related to effectiveness, bacterial resistance and environmental impact. Alternatively, a great many biocontrol strategies have been carried out, with the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Advances in bacterial wilt biocontrol include an increasing interest in bacteriophage-based treatments as a promising re-emerging strategy. Bacteriophages against the bacterial wilt pathogens have been described with either lytic or lysogenic effect but, they were proved to be active against strains belonging to R. pseudosolanacearum and/or R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis , not to the present R. solanacearum species, and only two of them demonstrated successful biocontrol potential in planta . Despite the publication of three patents on the topic, until now no bacteriophage-based product is commercially available. Therefore, there is still much to be done to incorporate valid bacteriophages in an integrated management program to effectively fight bacterial wilt in the field.

Some properties of contra-γ-continuous functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nasef, Arafa A.

2005-01-01

The notion of contra-continuity was introduced and investigated by Dontchev [Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 19 (1996) 303]. In this paper, we apply the notion of γ-open sets in topological spaces to present and study a new class of functions called contra-γ-continuous functions which lies between classes of contra-semi-continuous functions and contra-β-continuous functions. We speculate that contra-γ-continuity may be relevant to the physics of fractal and cantorian spacetime

Controle alternativo da murcha bacteriana do pimentão utilizando óleos essenciais vegetais e silicato de cálcio.

OpenAIRE

Aldenir de Oliveira Alves

2012-01-01

A murcha bacteriana do pimentão, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) raça 1, é uma fitobacteriose importante em Pernambuco e outros estados do Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivos testar o efeito de óleos vegetais e do silício (Si) no controle alternativo desta doença, seus efeitos diretos sobre Rs e verificar os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nestes processos. Os óleos essenciais de bergamota, canela, capim limão, copaíba, eucalipto citriodora, eucalipto globulus, funcho, hortel...

Actinomicetos aislados del compost y su actividad antagonista a fitopatógenos de la papa (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena Hawkes)

OpenAIRE

Pérez-Rojas, Fernanda; León-Quispe, Jorge; Galindo-Cabello, Nadia

2015-01-01

Una de las formas de control de fitopatógenos es a través del uso de microorganismos antagonistas. El compost, un producto orgánico es fuente de microorganismos capaces de producir metabolitos secundarios de interés agrícola. Se aislaron y evaluaron mediante cultivos in vitro la capacidad antagonista de 85 actinomicetos frente a fitopatógenos que afectan a Solanum tuberosum. De los aislados, 23.5% tuvieron actividad antagonista a Ralstonia solanacearum, 16.4% a Pectobacterium carotovorum, 43....

Bacterial Diseases of Bananas and Enset: Current State of Knowledge and Integrated Approaches Toward Sustainable Management

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Guy Blomme

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. However, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. Bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: (1 Ralstonia-associated diseases (Moko/Bugtok disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and banana blood disease caused by R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis; (2 Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and (3 Erwinia-associated diseases (bacterial head rot or tip-over disease Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi, bacterial rhizome and pseudostem wet rot (Dickeya paradisiaca formerly E. chrysanthemi pv. paradisiaca. Other bacterial diseases of less widespread importance include: bacterial wilt of abaca, Javanese vascular wilt and bacterial fingertip rot (probably caused by Ralstonia spp., unconfirmed. This review describes global distribution, symptoms, pathogenic diversity, epidemiology and the state of the art for sustainable disease management of the major bacterial wilts currently affecting banana and enset.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Piper betle leaves against human and plant pathogens

Science.gov (United States)

Jha, Babita; Rao, Mugdha; Prasad, K.; Jha, Anal K.

2018-05-01

The present work encompasses the fabrication of biocompatible silver nanoparticles from the leaves of the medicinal plant Piper betle using green chemistry approach. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different standard techniques like: UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial efficacy of the silver nanoparticles was assessed against human and plant pathogens namely Ralstonia solanacearum, Burkholderia gladioli, Escherichia coli and Sacchromyces cerevisiae by agar well diffusion method. The obtained results clearly indicate its possible use as an alternative to antibiotics and pesticides in near future.

Enhanced biofilm formation in dual-species culture of Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa

Science.gov (United States)

In the environment, many microorganisms coexist in communities as biofilms. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa in dual species biofilms. Biofilm development was measured using crystal violet in 96-well microtiter pla...

Solar energy system reduces time taken to inhibit microbial growth in soil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Phitthayarachasak, Thanathep; Thepa, Sirichai; Kongkiattikajorn, Jirasak [Energy Technology Division, School of Energy Environment and Materials, King Mongkut' s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthid Road, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140 (Thailand)

2009-11-15

This research studied how to reduce the time consumption and to increase and improve the efficiency of the solarization process. The asymmetry compound parabolic concentrator (ACPC) was developed to produce boiling water to be utilized while the solarization process was in operation. This could decrease the time consumed in the solarization process from 4 to 6 weeks to 4 h, with a temperature of approximately 41.25 C at the various depth levels, not exceeding 50 cm. The test to inhibit the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of wilt in crops leaves, indicated that R. solanacearum was reduced from the total bacterial population of 10.9 x 10{sup 8} colony forming unit/g soil (cfu g{sup -1}) at soil surface to 9.0 x 10{sup 7}, 7.5 x 10{sup 4} and 4.1 x 10{sup 3} cfu g{sup -1} within 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. (author)

Extracellular Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Ralstonia sp. SM8 Isolated from the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine

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Morahem Ashengroph

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The biological synthesis of nanoparticles has gained enormous importance due to the development of clean and environmentally-friendly processes. Silver is highly toxic to microbial cells, Nevertheless, it has been reported that several microorganisms are silver resistance and corroborate the microbial reduction of water soluble Ag+ to Ag0 nanoparticles. In this study, native strains of bacteria screen for use as biocatalysts for extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Materials and methods: Eight different strains of bacteria exhibiting high silver tolerance were isolated from collecting soil samples from copper and gold mines and characterized using morphological observations and preliminary biochemical tests. The bacterial strains in the presence of 1 g/l Ag+ solution at pH 7 were incubated at 28º C for 48 h in an orbital shaker. The silver nanoparticles formation was investigated by visual observations (changing the color of the reaction solution, spectroscopic techniques and microscopic observations. Results: Among the 8 strains giving high Ag+ tolerance, the strain SM8, isolated from the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine, Kerman, showed the capability of promoting the formation extracellular Ag nanoparticles. The strain was selected and identified as Ralstonia sp. SM8 (GenBank accession number KF264453 based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and its molecular phylogenetic analysis. Results obtained by visual observations, spectral data achieved from UV–vis, XRD spectrum and SEM micrographs revealed the extracellular formation of spherical silver nanoparticles in the size range of 20-50 nm with the culture supernatants of Ralstonia sp. SM8. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the results obtained, fast and extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles, without the need for complicated extraction steps, can be taken by using the culture supernatants of Ralstonia sp. SM8. The current study is the first report

A dual resistance gene system prevents infection by three distinct pathogens.

Science.gov (United States)

Narusaka, Mari; Kubo, Yasuyuki; Shiraishi, Tomonori; Iwabuchi, Masaki; Narusaka, Yoshihiro

2009-10-01

Colletotrichum higginsianum causes typical anthracnose lesions on the leaves, petioles, and stems of cruciferous plants. Inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia leaves with C. higginsianum results in fungal growth and disease symptoms reminiscent of those induced in other cruciferous plants. We performed map-based cloning and natural variation analysis of 19 A. thaliana ecotypes to identify a dominant resistance locus against C. higginsianum. We found that the A. thaliana RCH2 (for recognition of C. higginsianum) locus encodes two NB-LRR proteins, both of which are required for resistance to C. higginsianum in the A. thaliana ecotype Ws-0. Both proteins are well-characterized R proteins involved in resistance against bacterial pathogens; RRS1 (resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1) confers resistance to strain Rs1000 of R. solanacearum and RPS4 to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing avrRps4 (Pst-avrRps4). Furthermore, we found that both RRS1-Ws and RPS4-Ws genes are required for resistance to Pst-avrRps4 and to Rs1002 R. solanacearum. We therefore demonstrate that a pair of neighboring genes, RRS1-Ws and RPS4-Ws, function cooperatively as a dual R-gene system against at least three distinct pathogens.

Almost contra-g-continuous functions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keskin, Aynur [Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Selcuk University Campus, 42075 Konya (Turkey); 2949-1 Shiokita-cho, Hinagu, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken 869-5142 (Japan)], E-mail: akeskin@selcuk.edu.tr; Noiri, Takashi [Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Selcuk University Campus, 42075 Konya (Turkey); 2949-1 Shiokita-cho, Hinagu, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken 869-5142 (Japan)], E-mail: t.noiri@nifty.com

2009-10-15

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of almost contra-g-continuous functions which is weaker than both notions of contra-continuous functions [Dontchev J. Contra-continuous functions and strongly S-closed mappings. Int J Math Math Sci 1996;19:303-10] and ({theta},s)-continuous functions [Joseph JK, Kwak MK. On S-closed spaces. Proc Am Math Soc 1980;80:341-8.] in topological spaces. We discuss the relationships with some other related functions. At the same time, we show that almost-g-continuity and (LC,s)-continuity are independent of each other.

Almost contra-g-continuous functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keskin, Aynur; Noiri, Takashi

2009-01-01

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of almost contra-g-continuous functions which is weaker than both notions of contra-continuous functions [Dontchev J. Contra-continuous functions and strongly S-closed mappings. Int J Math Math Sci 1996;19:303-10] and (θ,s)-continuous functions [Joseph JK, Kwak MK. On S-closed spaces. Proc Am Math Soc 1980;80:341-8.] in topological spaces. We discuss the relationships with some other related functions. At the same time, we show that almost-g-continuity and (LC,s)-continuity are independent of each other.

The influence of substrate source on the growth of Ralstonia eutropha, aiming at the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marangoni C.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available With the aim of producing polyhydroxyalkanoates, a study of the influence of culture conditions (nitrogen and carbon sources and temperature on the growth of Ralstonia eutropha in stirred flasks was carried out and the use of some low-cost sources (hydrolyzed lactose, inverted sugar and corn steep liquor as evaluated. The best specific growth rate was obtained when inverted sugar was utilized as the substrate (mumax = 0.26 h-1. Two different phases in the assimilation of the carbon source were observed when hydrolyzed lactose was present, suggesting the assimilation first of glucose and then of galactose. To confirm the growth of Ralstonia eutropha using galactose as the only carbon source, experiments were carried out and the results showed that this bacterium is able to grow in the presence of this sugar at a growth rate of 0.13 h-1. The use of galactose by Ralstonia eutropha for its growth has not been reported in the literature until now. Corn steep liquor was found to be a viable alternative nitrogen source to ammonium sulfate. The results of experiments carried out at 30°C and 34°C were similar.

Comparison of the Transcriptomes of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) in Response to the Bacterial Wilt Infection

Science.gov (United States)

Prasath, Duraisamy; Karthika, Raveendran; Habeeba, Naduva Thadath; Suraby, Erinjery Jose; Rosana, Ottakandathil Babu; Shaji, Avaroth; Eapen, Santhosh Joseph; Deshpande, Uday; Anandaraj, Muthuswamy

2014-01-01

Bacterial wilt in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important production constraints in tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperature regions of the world. Lack of resistant genotype adds constraints to the crop management. However, mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.), which is resistant to R. solanacearum, is a potential donor, if the exact mechanism of resistance is understood. To identify genes involved in resistance to R. solanacearum, we have sequenced the transcriptome from wilt-sensitive ginger and wilt-resistant mango ginger using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 26387032 and 22268804 paired-end reads were obtained after quality filtering for C. amada and Z. officinale, respectively. A total of 36359 and 32312 assembled transcript sequences were obtained from both the species. The functions of the unigenes cover a diverse set of molecular functions and biological processes, among which we identified a large number of genes associated with resistance to stresses and response to biotic stimuli. Large scale expression profiling showed that many of the disease resistance related genes were expressed more in C. amada. Comparative analysis also identified genes belonging to different pathways of plant defense against biotic stresses that are differentially expressed in either ginger or mango ginger. The identification of many defense related genes differentially expressed provides many insights to the resistance mechanism to R. solanacearum and for studying potential pathways involved in responses to pathogen. Also, several candidate genes that may underline the difference in resistance to R. solanacearum between ginger and mango ginger were identified. Finally, we have developed a web resource, ginger transcriptome database, which provides public access to the data. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the use of Illumina short read sequencing for de novo transcriptome assembly and comparison in

Comparison of the transcriptomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) in response to the bacterial wilt infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Prasath, Duraisamy; Karthika, Raveendran; Habeeba, Naduva Thadath; Suraby, Erinjery Jose; Rosana, Ottakandathil Babu; Shaji, Avaroth; Eapen, Santhosh Joseph; Deshpande, Uday; Anandaraj, Muthuswamy

2014-01-01

Bacterial wilt in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important production constraints in tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperature regions of the world. Lack of resistant genotype adds constraints to the crop management. However, mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.), which is resistant to R. solanacearum, is a potential donor, if the exact mechanism of resistance is understood. To identify genes involved in resistance to R. solanacearum, we have sequenced the transcriptome from wilt-sensitive ginger and wilt-resistant mango ginger using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 26387032 and 22268804 paired-end reads were obtained after quality filtering for C. amada and Z. officinale, respectively. A total of 36359 and 32312 assembled transcript sequences were obtained from both the species. The functions of the unigenes cover a diverse set of molecular functions and biological processes, among which we identified a large number of genes associated with resistance to stresses and response to biotic stimuli. Large scale expression profiling showed that many of the disease resistance related genes were expressed more in C. amada. Comparative analysis also identified genes belonging to different pathways of plant defense against biotic stresses that are differentially expressed in either ginger or mango ginger. The identification of many defense related genes differentially expressed provides many insights to the resistance mechanism to R. solanacearum and for studying potential pathways involved in responses to pathogen. Also, several candidate genes that may underline the difference in resistance to R. solanacearum between ginger and mango ginger were identified. Finally, we have developed a web resource, ginger transcriptome database, which provides public access to the data. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the use of Illumina short read sequencing for de novo transcriptome assembly and comparison in

A new generalization of contra-continuity via Levine's g-closed sets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caldas, Miguel; Jafari, Saeid; Noiri, Takashi; Simoes, Marilda

2007-01-01

In [Dontchev J. Contra-continuous functions and strongly S-closed spaces. Int J Math Math Sci 1996;19:303-10], Dontchev introduced and investigated a new notion of continuity called contra-continuity. Recently, Jafari and Noiri [Jafari S, Noiri T. Contra-α-continuous functions between topological spaces. Iran Int J Sci 2001;2:153-67, Jafari S, Noiri T. Contra-super-continuous functions. Ann Univ Sci Budapest 1999;42:27-34, Jafari S, Noiri T. On contra-precontinuous functions. Bull Malaysian Math Sci Soc 2002;25(2):115-28] introduced new generalizations of contra-continuity called contra-α-continuity, contra-super-continuity and contra-precontinuity. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a generalization of contra-continuity by utilizing Levine's generalized closed sets

Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Disease Control of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeum Kyu Hong

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Reactive oxygen species (ROS generation in tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum infection and the role of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂ and nitric oxide in tomato bacterial wilt control were demonstrated. During disease development of tomato bacterial wilt, accumulation of superoxide anion (O₂− and H₂O₂ was observed and lipid peroxidation also occurred in the tomato leaf tissues. High doses of H₂O₂and sodium nitroprusside (SNP nitric oxide donor showed phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves 1 day after petiole feeding showing reduced fresh weight. Both H₂O₂and SNP have in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as plant protection in detached tomato leaves against bacterial wilt by 10⁶ and 10⁷ cfu/ml of R. solanacearum. H₂O₂- and SNP-mediated protection was also evaluated in pots using soil-drench treatment with the bacterial inoculation, and relative ‘area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC’ was calculated to compare disease protection by H₂O₂ and/or SNP with untreated control. Neither H₂O₂ nor SNP protect the tomato seedlings from the bacterial wilt, but H₂O₂+ SNP mixture significantly decreased disease severity with reduced relative AUDPC. These results suggest that H₂O₂ and SNP could be used together to control bacterial wilt in tomato plants as bactericidal agents.

Violence against Amazon women Violencia contra mujeres amazónicas Violência contra mulheres amazônicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Lúcia de Azevedo Lima

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This quantitative and exploratory study analyzed violence against Amazon women presented in print media according to type and severity, and whether aggressors fell under the Maria da Penha law. A total of 181 issues of a regional newspaper were consulted. Based on content analysis, 164 items addressing violence against women were selected and 46 were included in the corpus of analysis. Results were gathered in three thematic groups: women killed with cruelty, sexual violence against women regardless of age, and violence against women and the limitations of the Maria da Penha law. Violence against these women varied in terms of form and severity, including up to homicide. Women are submitted to sexual violence from childhood through adulthood. The enforcement of this law shows the community it has a means to cope with this social phenomenon.Este es un estudio exploratorio de naturaleza cualitativa, que se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la violencia contra mujeres amazónicas, presentada en los periódicos, según el tipo y su gravedad, y citación de encuadramiento del agresor en la Ley Maria de la Penha. Fueron consultados 181 ejemplares de un periódico regional. A partir del análisis de contenido, fueron seleccionadas 164 notas sobre violencias contra mujeres, de ellas 46 fueron incluidas como corpus de análisis. Los resultados fueron reunidos en tres grupos temáticos: mujeres asesinadas con crueldad, la violencia sexual contra mujeres no tiene edad y la violencia contra mujeres y el límite de la Ley Maria de la Penha. La violencia contra esas mujeres presentó variación en cuanto a la forma y a la gravedad, ocurriendo inclusive homicidios. Las mujeres son sometidas a violencia sexual desde la infancia hasta la edad adulta. El encuadramiento legal del agresor demuestra a la comunidad un medio para enfrentamiento de ese fenómeno social.Este é um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, com o objetivo de analisar a viol

Violencia contra las mujeres y alguien mas...

OpenAIRE

Piatti, Mª de Lujan

2013-01-01

La violencia contra las mujeres es una clara vulneración a sus derechos humanos. Es una violencia ejercida contra ellas por el solo hecho de ser mujeres; no se trata de casos aislados, sino que constituye un fenómeno social, presente en la sociedad actual sin distinción de razas, lugar geográfico, nivel cultural, religión, sistema político o económico. Investigar sobre “La violencia contra las mujeres y alguien más…”, desde una mirada multidisciplinar, significa bucear en las profundidades de...

Embryo Localization Enhances the Survival of Acidovorax citrulli in Watermelon Seeds.

Science.gov (United States)

Dutta, Bhabesh; Schneider, Raymond W; Robertson, Clark L; Walcott, Ronald R

2016-04-01

Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits has been observed to survive for >34 years in stored melon and watermelon seeds. To better understand this remarkable longevity, we investigated the bacterium's tolerance to desiccation and the effect of bacterial localization in different watermelon seed tissues on its survival. We compared the ability of A. citrulli to tolerate desiccation on filter paper discs and on host (watermelon) and nonhost (cabbage, corn and tomato) seeds to two seedborne (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii) and one soilborne (Ralstonia solanacearum) plant-pathogenic bacteria. A. citrulli survival on dry filter paper (>12 weeks) was similar to that of X. campestris pv. campestris but longer than P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. Ralstonia solanacearum survived longer than all other bacteria tested. On all seeds tested, A. citrulli and X. campestris pv. campestris populations declined by 5 orders of magnitude after 12 weeks of incubation at 4°C and 50% relative humidity, while R. solanacearum populations declined by 3 orders. P. stewartii subsp. stewartii was not recovered after 12 weeks of incubation. To determine the effect of tissue localization on bacterial survival, watermelon seeds infested with A. citrulli by flower stigma inoculation (resulting in bacterial localization in the embryo/endosperm) or by ovary pericarp inoculations (resulting in bacterial localization under the testa) were treated with peroxyacetic acid or chlorine (Cl2) gas. Following these treatments, a significantly higher reduction in BFB seed-to-seedling transmission was observed for seeds generated by ovary pericarp inoculation (≥89.5%) than for those generated by stigma inoculation (≤76.5%) (Pseed coat, suggesting that tissue localization is important for bacterial survival in seed. This observation was confirmed when P. stewartii subsp. stewartii survived significantly longer in stigma

Comparative Genomics Identifies a Novel Conserved Protein, HpaT, in Proteobacterial Type III Secretion Systems that Do Not Possess the Putative Translocon Protein HrpF

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Céline Pesce

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Xanthomonas translucens is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak, the most common bacterial disease of wheat and barley. To cause disease, most xanthomonads depend on a highly conserved type III secretion system, which translocates type III effectors into host plant cells. Mutagenesis of the conserved type III secretion gene hrcT confirmed that the X. translucens type III secretion system is required to cause disease on the host plant barley and to trigger a non-host hypersensitive response (HR in pepper leaves. Type III effectors are delivered to the host cell by a surface appendage, the Hrp pilus, and a translocon protein complex that inserts into the plant cell plasma membrane. Homologs of the Xanthomonas HrpF protein, including PopF from Ralstonia solanacearum and NolX from rhizobia, are thought to act as a translocon protein. Comparative genomics revealed that X. translucens strains harbor a noncanonical hrp gene cluster, which rather shares features with type III secretion systems from Ralstonia solanacearum, Paraburkholderia andropogonis, Collimonas fungivorans, and Uliginosibacterium gangwonense than other Xanthomonas spp. Surprisingly, none of these bacteria, except R. solanacearum, encode a homolog of the HrpF translocon. Here, we aimed at identifying a candidate translocon from X. translucens. Notably, genomes from strains that lacked hrpF/popF/nolX instead encode another gene, called hpaT, adjacent to and co-regulated with the type III secretion system gene cluster. An insertional mutant in the X. translucens hpaT gene, which is the first gene of a two-gene operon, hpaT-hpaH, was non-pathogenic on barley and did not cause the HR or programmed cell death in non-host pepper similar to the hrcT mutant. The hpaT mutant phenotypes were partially complemented by either hpaT or the downstream gene, hpaH, which has been described as a facilitator of translocation in Xanthomonas oryzae. Interestingly, the hpaT mutant was also complemented

Contra pürib sajandi rahvakirjanikuks / Aivar Kull

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kull, Aivar, 1955-

2001-01-01

Contra [Konnula, Margus]. Suusamütsi tutt : luulet aastatest 1974-2000. Urvaste ; Tartu : Mina Ise, 2001. Vaata ka: Kull, Aivar. Kulli pilk. - Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2005, lk. 184-185, pealkirjaga "Contra - uue sajandi rahvakirjanik?"

Vacuna contra el VPH (HPV Vaccine)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2013-07-25

Desde el 2006, hay una vacuna que protege contra los tipos de VPH que causan cáncer con mayor frecuencia. Este podcast habla sobre la importancia de que los padres hablen con los proveedores de atención médica de sus hijos sobre ponerles la vacuna contra el VPH.  Created: 7/25/2013 by MMWR.   Date Released: 11/4/2013.

Development of a broad-host synthetic biology toolbox for Ralstonia eutropha and its application to engineering hydrocarbon biofuel production.

Science.gov (United States)

Bi, Changhao; Su, Peter; Müller, Jana; Yeh, Yi-Chun; Chhabra, Swapnil R; Beller, Harry R; Singer, Steven W; Hillson, Nathan J

2013-11-13

The chemoautotrophic bacterium Ralstonia eutropha can utilize H2/CO2 for growth under aerobic conditions. While this microbial host has great potential to be engineered to produce desired compounds (beyond polyhydroxybutyrate) directly from CO2, little work has been done to develop genetic part libraries to enable such endeavors. We report the development of a toolbox for the metabolic engineering of Ralstonia eutropha H16. We have constructed a set of broad-host-range plasmids bearing a variety of origins of replication, promoters, 5' mRNA stem-loop structures, and ribosomal binding sites. Specifically, we analyzed the origins of replication pCM62 (IncP), pBBR1, pKT (IncQ), and their variants. We tested the promoters P(BAD), T7, P(xyls/PM), P(lacUV5), and variants thereof for inducible expression. We also evaluated a T7 mRNA stem-loop structure sequence and compared a set of ribosomal binding site (RBS) sequences derived from Escherichia coli, R. eutropha, and a computational RBS design tool. Finally, we employed the toolbox to optimize hydrocarbon production in R. eutropha and demonstrated a 6-fold titer improvement using the appropriate combination of parts. We constructed and evaluated a versatile synthetic biology toolbox for Ralstonia eutropha metabolic engineering that could apply to other microbial hosts as well.

Avaliação Laboratorial de Anticorpos Contra o Vírus da Hepatite C em Voluntários Imunizados contra a Hepatite B

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elaine Cristina de Santana Garcia

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Considerando que (1 após a imunização contra o HBV é possível detectarmos níveis séricos de anti-HBc e anti-HBSag, (2 a infecção pelo HBV ocorre, principalmente, através de contato sexual, sendo mais freqüentemente associada com os vírus das hepatites tipos A, B, C e Delta com evolução para doenças hepática crônica e (3 a definição do agente infeccioso responsável pela hepatite C (diagnóstico etiológico é dada através da investigação do marcador sorológico Anti-HCV, este trabalho apresentou como objetivo investigar, através de ensaio de ELISA, a possível reação cruzada de anticorpos contra o vírus da Hepatite C em voluntários imunizados contra a Hepatite B. Assim, neste estudo, selecionamos 20 voluntários (ambos os sexos imunizados contra o vírus da hepatite B e que relataram não serem portadores do vírus da hepatite C. Em amostras de soro, foi realizada, através de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA, a pesquisa de anticorpos IgM contra o vírus da hepatite C. A análise laboratorial revelou que todos os voluntários selecionados não foram capazes de produzir anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite C quando submetidos à imunização contra o vírus da hepatite B. Este estudo mostra que a imunização contra o vírus da hepatite B realizada na Rede Pública de Saúde é, exclusivamente, capaz de produzir resposta imune humoral somente contra este agente viral e não permite a estimulação de anticorpos inespecíficos.

Differential Control Efficacies of Vitamin Treatments against Bacterial Wilt and Grey Mould Diseases in Tomato Plants

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Jeum Kyu Hong

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Bacterial wilt and grey mould in tomato plants are economically destructive bacterial and fungal diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. Various approaches including chemical and biological controls have been attempted to arrest the tomato diseases so far. In this study, in vitro growths of bacterial R. solanacearum and fungal B. cinerea were evaluated using four different vitamins including thiamine (vitamin B1, niacin (vitamin B3, pyridoxine (vitamin B6, and menadione (vitamin K3. In planta efficacies of the four vitamin treatments on tomato protection against both diseases were also demonstrated. All four vitamins showed different in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in dose-dependent manners. However, treatment with 2 mM thiamine was only effective in reducing bacterial wilt of detached tomato leaves without phytotoxicity under lower disease pressure (10⁶ colony-forming unit [cfu]/ml. Treatment with the vitamins also differentially reduced in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea. The four vitamins slightly reduced the conidial germination, and thiamine, pyridoxine and menadione inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Menadione began to drastically suppress the conidial germination and mycelial growth by 5 and 0.5 mM, respectively. Grey mould symptoms on the inoculated tomato leaves were significantly reduced by pyridoxine and menadione pretreatments one day prior to the fungal challenge inoculation. These findings suggest that disease-specific vitamin treatment will be integrated for eco-friendly management of tomato bacterial wilt and grey mould.

Differential Control Efficacies of Vitamin Treatments against Bacterial Wilt and Grey Mould Diseases in Tomato Plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Jeum Kyu; Kim, Hyeon Ji; Jung, Heesoo; Yang, Hye Ji; Kim, Do Hoon; Sung, Chang Hyun; Park, Chang-Jin; Chang, Seog Won

2016-10-01

Bacterial wilt and grey mould in tomato plants are economically destructive bacterial and fungal diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Botrytis cinerea , respectively. Various approaches including chemical and biological controls have been attempted to arrest the tomato diseases so far. In this study, in vitro growths of bacterial R. solanacearum and fungal B. cinerea were evaluated using four different vitamins including thiamine (vitamin B1), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and menadione (vitamin K3). In planta efficacies of the four vitamin treatments on tomato protection against both diseases were also demonstrated. All four vitamins showed different in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in dose-dependent manners. However, treatment with 2 mM thiamine was only effective in reducing bacterial wilt of detached tomato leaves without phytotoxicity under lower disease pressure (10 6 colony-forming unit [cfu]/ml). Treatment with the vitamins also differentially reduced in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea . The four vitamins slightly reduced the conidial germination, and thiamine, pyridoxine and menadione inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea . Menadione began to drastically suppress the conidial germination and mycelial growth by 5 and 0.5 mM, respectively. Grey mould symptoms on the inoculated tomato leaves were significantly reduced by pyridoxine and menadione pretreatments one day prior to the fungal challenge inoculation. These findings suggest that disease-specific vitamin treatment will be integrated for eco-friendly management of tomato bacterial wilt and grey mould.

Ralstonia insidiosa serves as bridges in biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Science.gov (United States)

Biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces in fresh produce processing facilities might play a role in foodborne outbreaks by providing protective microniches for pathogenic bacteria. Our previous study showed that a strain of Ralstonia insidiosa isolated from a fresh produce processing plant could enhan...

Characterization of the Adaptive Response to Trichloroethylene-Mediated Stresses in Ralstonia pickettii PKO1

OpenAIRE

Park, Joonhong; Kukor, Jerome J.; Abriola, Linda M.

2002-01-01

In Ralstonia pickettii PKO1, a denitrifying toluene oxidizer that carries a toluene-3-monooxygenase (T3MO) pathway, the biodegradation of toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE) by the organism is induced by TCE at high concentrations. In this study, the effect of TCE preexposure was studied in the context of bacterial protective response to TCE-mediated toxicity in this organism. The results of TCE degradation experiments showed that cells induced by TCE at 110 mg/liter were more tolerant to TCE...

Piper betle-mediated synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and rat splenocyte cytotoxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Praburaman, Loganathan; Jang, Jum-Suk; Muthusamy, Govarthanan; Arumugam, Sengottaiyan; Manoharan, Koildhasan; Cho, Kwang-Min; Min, Cho; Kamala-Kannan, Seralathan; Byung-Taek, Oh

2016-09-01

The study reports a simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Piper betle leaf extract. Formation of CuONPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy at 280 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the CuONPs were spherical, with an average size of 50-100 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) peak was observed approximately at 1 and 8 keV. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that the particles were crystalline in nature. CuONPs effectively inhibited the growth of phytopathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis. The cytotoxic effect of the synthesized CuONPs was analyzed using rat splenocytes. The cell viability was decreased to 94% at 300 μg/mL.

Diversity, Biocontrol, and Plant Growth Promoting Abilities of Xylem Residing Bacteria from Solanaceous Crops

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Gauri A. Achari

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Eggplant (Solanum melongena L. is one of the solanaceous crops of economic and cultural importance and is widely cultivated in the state of Goa, India. Eggplant cultivation is severely affected by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that colonizes the xylem tissue. In this study, 167 bacteria were isolated from the xylem of healthy eggplant, chilli, and Solanum torvum Sw. by vacuum infiltration and maceration. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA grouped these xylem residing bacteria (XRB into 38 haplotypes. Twenty-eight strains inhibited growth of R. solanacearum and produced volatile and diffusible antagonistic compounds and plant growth promoting substances in vitro. Antagonistic strains XB86, XB169, XB177, and XB200 recorded a biocontrol efficacy greater than 85% against BW and exhibited 12%–22 % increase in shoot length in eggplant in the greenhouse screening. 16S rRNA based identification revealed the presence of 23 different bacterial genera. XRB with high biocontrol and plant growth promoting activities were identified as strains of Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., Enterobacter sp., and Agrobacterium sp. This study is the first report on identity of bacteria from the xylem of solanaceous crops having traits useful in cultivation of eggplant.

Cupriavidus pauculus (Ralstonia paucula) concomitant meningitis and septicemia in a neonate: First case report from India

OpenAIRE

S Duggal; R Gur; R Nayar; S R Rongpharpi; D Jain; R K Gupta

2013-01-01

Ralstonia paucula (formerly classified as CDC (Centre for Disease Control) group IVc-2, Wautersia paucula; recently renamed as Cupriavidus pauculus) is an environmental Gram-negative bacillus isolated from water sources and can cause serious human infections. Patients recover bacteriologically indicating low virulence. A total of 32 cases have been reported world-wide, but no isolation has ever been reported from cerebrospinal fluid or in India. The first case of R. paucula meningitis and sep...

Contra Copyright, Again

OpenAIRE

Wendy McElroy

2011-01-01

This revised version of the author’s 1985 article “Contra Copyright” includes a new, introductory section explaining the background of the author’s path to copyright abolitionism. The main article surveys various libertarian debates on this issue, including the anti-intellectual property (IP) views of Benjamin Tucker and the pro-IP views of Lysander Spooner. McElroy argues that the issue of copyright hinges on the question: can ideas be property? Because only scarce goods can be property, and...

Contra trading in Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad: a Sharīʿah and legal appraisal

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Noor Suhaida Kasri

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the practice of contra trading in Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad. Through a critical examination of the practice, it aims to discuss the issues from the angles of Sharīʿah and Malaysian common law. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses a qualitative research methodology. The information on the practice of contra trading is obtained through the Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad’s website and literature as well as series of meetings and discussions held with Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad. In comprehending and dissecting the Sharīʿah and legal issues, classical along with contemporary Sharīʿah literature including local and international Sharīʿah advisory bodies’ resolutions and standards have been referred to. The Sharīʿah analysis of these issues is further supported by reference to the statute and by-laws of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad as well as other related legal literature. Findings - This paper finds that contra trading involves a real sale and purchase of shares; the shares are not taken into the possession of the contra trader, neither physically nor constructively; the liability of shares is not transferred to the contra trader; though the practice of profiting in contra trading may contradict the prohibition on profiting without bearing liability, the permissibility of contra trading could still be argued from the contextual approach of public interest (maṣlaḥah and needs (hājah; and contra trading is not gambling. Research limitations/implications - This paper is limited in its analysis to only Sharīʿah and legal perspectives. It does not cover a thorough empirical and quantitative investigation that would measure the extent of the public needs for contra trading and the real benefits that contra trading brings about to the society in the long run. Such studies will further demonstrate whether contra trading deserves a relaxation from the strict Shar

Efectividad del tratamiento de la violencia contra la pareja en pacientes drogodependientes

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Javier Fernández-Montalvo

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza la efectividad de los programas de tratamiento psicológico para drogodependientes, que presentan conductas violentas contra la pareja. Para ello, se revisan, en primer lugar, los estudios que valoran la influencia del tratamiento habitual sobre las adicciones y la reducción de las conductas violentas contra la pareja. En segundo lugar, se analizan los resultados de los programas de intervención conjunta que se han desarrollado hasta la fecha, en el ámbito internacional, en los centros de tratamiento para la adicción con drogodependientes que ejercen, además, violencia contra la pareja. Los resultados muestran, por una parte, que la intervención con pacientes adictos produce una disminución importante en la tasa de violencia contra la pareja asociada a la adicción. Por otra parte, los programas de intervención con adicciones constituyen un marco de gran utilidad para aplicar, de forma conjunta, tratamientos específicos para aquellos adictos con un problema asociado de violencia contra la pareja. Los resultados de estos programas de intervención muestran los mejores datos en la reducción de la tasa de violencia contra la pareja de los pacientes adictos. Se comentan las implicaciones de todo ello para la práctica clínica y para las investigaciones futuras.

Viabilidade de uso do híbrido Hawaii 7996 como porta-enxerto de cultivares comerciais de tomate Potential of Hawaii 7996 hybrid as rootstock for tomato cultivars

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Suane Coutinho Cardoso

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A técnica de enxertia é utilizada em algumas hortaliças, principalmente em áreas infestadas, para atribuir resistência a patógenos do solo, minimizando as perdas de produção de cultivares suscetíveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de plantas de tomateiro enxertadas em híbrido, tido como resistente a Ralstonia solanacearum, em comparação a pés-francos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em viveiro (produção de mudas e enxertia e em céu aberto, no município de Cruz das Almas, Bahia, no período de outubro de 2003 a fevereiro de 2004. Utilizou-se o método de enxertia de fenda cheia, com o híbrido 'Hawaii 7996' como porta-enxerto e as cultivares Santa Clara, Santa Cruz Kada e Débora Plus, suscetíveis a R. solanacearum, como enxerto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (3 enxertados e 3 pés-francos, 5 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela útil. Avaliaram-se os caracteres: diâmetro do caule, altura da planta e da primeira inflorescência, distância entre inflorescências e produtividade comercial de frutos. O desenvolvimento das plantas, a produção total e a massa média dos frutos foram semelhantes para os tratamentos enxertados em relação a seus respectivos pés-francos e não houve incompatibilidade entre porta-enxerto e enxerto. A cultivar Santa Cruz Kada foi mais sensível às condições agroecológicas do município de Cruz das Almas, refletindo negativamente na produção e no peso médio dos frutos. Observou-se na enxertia com o híbrido 'Hawaii 7996' potencial para viabilizar a produção de tomateiros comerciais suscetíveis à murcha bacteriana, em áreas infestadas com R. solanacearum.Grafts have been used in horticultural crops, to overcome soilborne plant pathogens, and thus minimize yield losses of susceptible cultivars. This work aimed at to evaluate growth and yield of tomato plants grafted on to a hybrid resistant to Ralstonia

Rugas glabelares: estudo piloto dos padrões de contração

OpenAIRE

Ada Regina Trindade de Almeida; Elisa Raquel Martins da Costa Marques; Bogdana Victoria Kadunc

2010-01-01

Introdução: A atividade muscular nd glabela Provocação rugas perpendiculares à Direção decontração dos Músculos, hoje tratadas Pela toxina botulínica.Variações interpessoais nd forma de contração local, São exibidas Durante a Animação facial. Apesar dos Inúmeros artigos publicados Sobre o tema, Os padrões de contração glabelar Ainda Não Foram estudados adequadamente e Classificados. Objetivo: Identificar e classificar Os padrões de contração glabelar encontrados Na população Que recebe Tratam...

Una aproximación al concepto de crímenes contra la humanidad

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José Manuel Díaz Soto

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo explora el concepto de “crímenes contra la humanidad”, a partir de una revisión histórica y del análisis de los distintos instrumentos internacionales que han consagrado esta categoría normativa. De igual modo, pretende ilustrar al lector acerca de la teoría de los crímenes contra la humanidad formulada por el profesor de la Universidad de Georgetown David J. Luban, para quien el rasgo definidor de estos delitos es que atentan contra la naturaleza política del ser humano. Por último, se destaca la influencia del pensamiento de Luban en la reciente jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia acerca de los crímenes contra la humanidad.

Cupriavidus pauculus (Ralstonia paucula) concomitant meningitis and septicemia in a neonate: first case report from India.

Science.gov (United States)

Duggal, S; Gur, R; Nayar, R; Rongpharpi, S R; Jain, D; Gupta, R K

2013-01-01

Ralstonia paucula (formerly classified as CDC (Centre for Disease Control) group IVc-2, Wautersia paucula; recently renamed as Cupriavidus pauculus) is an environmental Gram-negative bacillus isolated from water sources and can cause serious human infections. Patients recover bacteriologically indicating low virulence. A total of 32 cases have been reported world-wide, but no isolation has ever been reported from cerebrospinal fluid or in India. The first case of R. paucula meningitis and septicemia is being reported here along with the brief summary of cases reported world-wide.

Cupriavidus pauculus (Ralstonia paucula concomitant meningitis and septicemia in a neonate: First case report from India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S Duggal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Ralstonia paucula (formerly classified as CDC (Centre for Disease Control group IVc-2, Wautersia paucula; recently renamed as Cupriavidus pauculus is an environmental Gram-negative bacillus isolated from water sources and can cause serious human infections. Patients recover bacteriologically indicating low virulence. A total of 32 cases have been reported world-wide, but no isolation has ever been reported from cerebrospinal fluid or in India. The first case of R. paucula meningitis and septicemia is being reported here along with the brief summary of cases reported world-wide.

Origin and evolution of GALA-LRR, a new member of the CC-LRR subfamily: from plants to bacteria?

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Andrey V Kajava

Full Text Available The phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum encodes type III effectors, called GALA proteins, which contain F-box and LRR domains. The GALA LRRs do not perfectly fit any of the previously described LRR subfamilies. By applying protein sequence analysis and structural prediction, we clarify this ambiguous case of LRR classification and assign GALA-LRRs to CC-LRR subfamily. We demonstrate that side-by-side packing of LRRs in the 3D structures may control the limits of repeat variability within the LRR subfamilies during evolution. The LRR packing can be used as a criterion, complementing the repeat sequences, to classify newly identified LRR domains. Our phylogenetic analysis of F-box domains proposes the lateral gene transfer of bacterial GALA proteins from host plants. We also present an evolutionary scenario which can explain the transformation of the original plant LRRs into slightly different bacterial LRRs. The examination of the selective evolutionary pressure acting on GALA proteins suggests that the convex side of their horse-shoe shaped LRR domains is more prone to positive selection than the concave side, and we therefore hypothesize that the convex surface might be the site of protein binding relevant to the adaptor function of the F-box GALA proteins. This conclusion provides a strong background for further functional studies aimed at determining the role of these type III effectors in the virulence of R. solanacearum.

Desarrollo de agentes inmunizantes contra el dengue

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Francisco J. López Antuñano

2000-05-01

Full Text Available El complejo de los cuatro flavivirus del dengue es transmitido principalmente por el mosquito Aedes aegypti. Se han atribuido epidemias a la actividad de A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis y a varias especies del complejo A. scutellaris. Los factores de riesgo que determinan la probabilidad de enfermar o morir por dengue están relacionados tanto con el huésped (características genéticas, estado inmunitario, forma de vida y condiciones de salud, saneamiento básico de la vivienda y abastecimiento de agua potable como con el virus (variabilidad genética de cepas entre y dentro de los serotipos, diferente capacidad patógena y distribución geográfica. A pesar de la falta de conocimiento sobre la inmunobiopatología del dengue, se han hecho importantes avances para conseguir una respuesta inmunitaria protectora con virus atenuados y con antígenos obtenidos por medio de tecnologías recombinantes. Desde los años 40, se ha intentado desarrollar vacunas contra el dengue. La inmunidad que se adquiere por infección natural es específica para cada serotipo y se han documentado infecciones por tres serotipos diferentes en la misma persona, por lo que probablemente sea necesaria una vacuna tetravalente. En voluntarios se han probado vacunas contra los cuatro serotipos que han sido inmunógenas y seguras. Aunque las vacunas con virus atenuados son prometedoras, son necesarios nuevos estudios sobre su eficacia y seguridad. Actualmente están en curso estudios para producir vacunas contra el virus del dengue mediante tecnologías de ADN recombinante y otras técnicas de biología molecular, utilizando como antígenos proteínas estructurales (principalmente la glicoproteína E y no estructurales. Con el mismo propósito se han usado varios vectores de expresión, como Escherichia coli, baculovirus, virus de la vacuna y virus de la fiebre amarilla. Lamentablemente, no se han obtenido resultados satisfactorios en el hombre. La necesidad de desarrollar

La violencia sexual como un atentado contra la dignidad de la mujer

OpenAIRE

Gil Millan, Maximiliana

2015-01-01

La violencia sexual contra la mujer es la manifestación extrema de la desigualdad y del sometimiento en el que viven las mujeres en el mundo. Constituye un atentado contra el derecho a la vida, a la libertad, y la dignidad de las mujeres. Por tanto, para

Ave sol contra excrementum : Kiri / Harri Tibar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tibar, Harri

1996-01-01

Peeter Sauteri novell 'Kõhuvalu'. Vastukaja : Bogovski, Paul. Surun kätt, dotsent hr. Tibar! // Sõnumileht. - 1996. - 24. apr. - Lk.14; Väljataga, Märt. Viisipärasus contra inimlähedus // Sõnumileht. - 1996. - 26. apr. - Lk.14

La persecución jurídica contra Prisciliano

OpenAIRE

Bravo Bosch, María José

2009-01-01

En este trabajo analizamos los motivos reales para encausar a Prisciliano, y la legalidad del proceso llevado a cabo contra el obispo de Ávila, por el que fue condenado a pena de muerte en un proceso civil, extraño a la condición eclesiástica de Prisciliano. La conclusión es que el proceso fue legal desde el punto de vista formal, pero no los motivos que se adujeron para llegar a la pena máxima contra el célebre reo. In this paper we analyze the real reasons to prosecute Prisciliano, and l...

Impact of Ralstonia eutropha's Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) Depolymerases and Phasins on PHB Storage in Recombinant Escherichia coli

OpenAIRE

Eggers, Jessica; Steinbüchel, Alexander

2014-01-01

The model organism for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis, Ralstonia eutropha H16, possesses multiple isoenzymes of granules coating phasins as well as of PHB depolymerases, which degrade accumulated PHB under conditions of carbon limitation. In this study, recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strains were used to study the impact of selected PHB depolymerases of R. eutropha H16 on the growth behavior and on the amount of accumulated PHB in the absence or presence of phasins. For this p...

Enfermedad injerto contra huesped: sus manifestaciones bucales

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Claudia Marcela Hernández Cancino

Full Text Available La enfermedad injerto contra huésped es la principal complicación que sufren los pacientes que han recibido trasplante alogénico. Se produce como consecuencia de una reacción inflamatoria exagerada mediada por los linfocitos del donante y estimulada por aquellos tejidos que han sido lesionados por la enfermedad de base, por las infecciones previas o por el tratamiento de acondicionamiento. El diagnóstico es clínico e histopatológico. Los pacientes presentan rash maculopapular pruriginoso y doloroso que puede extenderse por toda la superficie corporal, fiebre, vómito, náuseas, diarrea y anorexia. En la mucosa bucal se observan erosiones ulceradas, extremamente dolorosas y pueden ser la primera o la única manifestación detectable clínicamente de esta enfermedad. El objetivo es presentar un caso de enfermedad de injerto contra huésped. Se trata de una mujer de 54 años de edad con linfoma no-Hodgking, que recibió tratamiento con quimioterapia, radioterapia y trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas en el 2009. Tres meses después, presentó lesiones en la piel diagnosticadas como enfermedad injerto contra huésped y tratadas con corticoesteroides, a los seis meses fue remitida al odontólogo porque se quejaba de ardor en la boca, xerostomía y dificultad para masticar, tenía úlceras en la mucosa bucal y en la lengua. En la ocasión recibió tratamiento con corticoesteroides, clorhexidina, orientaciones de higiene bucal y controles clínicos permanentes. Aunque existen protocolos para la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad injerto contra el huésped, su frecuencia ha aumentado en los últimos años debido al incremento en el número de trasplantes. Por esta razón, es fundamental que el odontólogo forme parte del grupo multidisciplinario que asiste al paciente y que esté familiarizado con los signos y síntomas de esta enfermedad en la mucosa bucal, pues las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser las únicas para

Plan de defensa contra incendios en la comarca Boedo - Ojeda.

OpenAIRE

Blanco Esteban, Beatriz del

2014-01-01

El proyecto de defensa contra incendios de la comarca Boedo - Ojeda pretende realizar una planificación de la prevención y la defensa contra incendios en la comarca. La comarca es de especial interés debido a su situación de transición entre los campos y las montañas, lo que la hace especialmente variable en ecosistemas y con una gran diversidad de flora y fauna. Se trata además de una zona con campos de cultivo adyacentes a los montes, lo que configura una alta probabilidad...

Induction of in vitro mutation for resistance to potato brown rot (ralstonia solanacearum) disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ragab, A. I.; Hassan, I. O. I.; Soliman, M. H.; Gamal El-din, A.

2012-12-01

Six genotypes were selected from M 1 V 2 generation on the bases on their high yield for assessment of genetic variability using protein and RAPD analysis. The results of RAPD analysis showed that 11 primers generated 56 distinct bands of which 31 (55.4%) were polymorphic. The similarity indices of the six mutants of potato and their parents ranged from 70 to 91%. The highest genetic similarity 91% was found between D 20 mutant and Do (Diamant parent), on the other hand, the lowest genetic similarity 705 was found between S 30, S 40 mutants and their parent S 0 (Spunta). In the artificial experiment under in vitro condition, the irradiated and non-irradiated plant lets of potato were cultured on medium inoculates of the selected genotypes form irradiated population of Diamant and Spunta Cultivar were susceptible except S 20 mutant which was resistant. Protein analysis showed that S 20 genotype (Resistant Mutant) displayed 2 negative unique bands that might be responsible for resistance to R. solanacea rum. (Author)

Classification of plant associated bacteria using RIF, a computationally derived DNA marker.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kevin L Schneider

Full Text Available A DNA marker that distinguishes plant associated bacteria at the species level and below was derived by comparing six sequenced genomes of Xanthomonas, a genus that contains many important phytopathogens. This DNA marker comprises a portion of the dnaA replication initiation factor (RIF. Unlike the rRNA genes, dnaA is a single copy gene in the vast majority of sequenced bacterial genomes, and amplification of RIF requires genus-specific primers. In silico analysis revealed that RIF has equal or greater ability to differentiate closely related species of Xanthomonas than the widely used ribosomal intergenic spacer region (ITS. Furthermore, in a set of 263 Xanthomonas, Ralstonia and Clavibacter strains, the RIF marker was directly sequenced in both directions with a success rate approximately 16% higher than that for ITS. RIF frameworks for Xanthomonas, Ralstonia and Clavibacter were constructed using 682 reference strains representing different species, subspecies, pathovars, races, hosts and geographic regions, and contain a total of 109 different RIF sequences. RIF sequences showed subspecific groupings but did not place strains of X. campestris or X. axonopodis into currently named pathovars nor R. solanacearum strains into their respective races, confirming previous conclusions that pathovar and race designations do not necessarily reflect genetic relationships. The RIF marker also was sequenced for 24 reference strains from three genera in the Enterobacteriaceae: Pectobacterium, Pantoea and Dickeya. RIF sequences of 70 previously uncharacterized strains of Ralstonia, Clavibacter, Pectobacterium and Dickeya matched, or were similar to, those of known reference strains, illustrating the utility of the frameworks to classify bacteria below the species level and rapidly match unknown isolates to reference strains. The RIF sequence frameworks are available at the online RIF database, RIFdb, and can be queried for diagnostic purposes with RIF

Karakterisasi Parsial Streptomyces spp., Agens Pengendali Hayati Peyakit Lincat Tembakau

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Triwidodo Arwiyanto

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Local isolates of Streptomyces spp. were proven could suppress "lincat disease" of tobacco in the field. Six isolates were chosen for partial characterization of their bacteriological properties as based for the next experiments purposes. The results indicated that the isolates produce miselium with spore chains, gram positive, aerob, catalase and oxidase positive. The isolates also hydrolize starch, gelatine and esculine; produce lecithinase enzyme, reduce nitrate to nitrite, do not produce melanine pigment, did not produce hydrogen sulfide. The isolates were sensitive against streptomycine and rifampicin; able to use several carbon and nitrogen sources tested. Capable to grow on several medium pH, from 4,3 to 8,0. The isolates were able to grow from 5° C to 45° C; able to grow on medium containing 4% to 7% NaCl and ion the medium containing 0,1% of phenol. Plant pathogenicity test result showed negative responses which indicated that the used isolates were non plant pathogenic. The ability in suppressing lincat pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum and Meloidogyne incognita in vitro was vary between isolates.   Streptomyces spp, isolat lokal terbukti dapat menekan penyakit lunvat tembakau di lapangan. Sebanyak enam isolat dipilih untuk dicirikan sebagai sifat-sifat bakteriologinya sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penelitian berikutnya. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap sifat morfologi, fisiologi dan sifat biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang diteliti menghasilkan miselium yang memproduksi rangkaian spora, Gram positif, aerob, katalase dan oksidase positif. Isolat-isolat tersebut menghidrolisis pati, gelatin, eskulin; membentuk ensim lechitinase, mereduksi nitrat menjadi nitrit, tidak menghasilkan pigmen melanin, tidak membentuk hidrogen sulfida. Isolat yang diteliti peka terhadap antibiotik streptomisin dan nifampisin; mampu menggunakan beberapa sumber karbon dan sumber nitrogen yang diujikan, Kisaran pH untuk

La imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en Uruguay

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José Manuel Sánchez Patrón

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La ratificación del Convenio sobre la imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes de guerra y de los crímenes de lesa humanidad por parte de Uruguay, constituye un primer paso dirigido a limitar la impunidad de los partícipes en la comisión de estas infracciones internacionales. Para la consecución de esta misma finalidad, el Estado Uruguayo ha dado un segundo paso, consistente en la ratificación del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional, lo que ha llevado a efecto casi un año después del anterior. Ambas decisiones demuestran la intención de Uruguay de comprometerse Internacionalmente con el fin de evitar la impunidad de los responsables de la comisión de determinadas figuras delictivas, especialmente los crímenes de guerra y los crímenes contra la humanidad, ya que en tomo a estas dos infracciones internacionales gravitan los convenios internacionales a los que nos acabamos de referir.Contenido: imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el pasado. Imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el presente. Imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el futuro. Conclusiones

Literatura contra desarraigo.

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Xosé A. Perozo Ruiz.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Las reflexiones contenidas en Literatura contra desarraigo son una clara interpretación propia realizadas por Xosé A. Perozo. Nacidas del ejercicio literario constante y productivo nos acerca a conceptos actuales como el nacionalismo o la España de las Autonomías. Desde la lejanía, asistimos a la recuperación de la memoria social extremeña, que se trasluce en las novelas del autor son expuestas de manera biográfica en este artículo metaliterario, donde se detiene en la saga de Los Lancharro, o el personaje de Cerrato, ambientadas en la zona geográfica de la Campiña Sur de la Guerra Civil y posguerra.

Estudo piloto dos padrões de contração do músculo frontal

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Andre Vieira Braz

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Características anatômicas distintas e espectros cinéticos variados determinam padrões de contração da musculatura frontal peculiares a cada pessoa.Objetivo: Identificar e classificar os padrões de contração da musculatura frontal depacientes que procuraram atendimento para tratamento de rugas frontais.Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de fotografias de 83 pacientes. O padrão de contraçãomuscular foi classificado de acordo com a área hipercinética predominante, observada nafotografia em contração máxima do músculo frontal.Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões de contração: total, medial e lateral. Opadrão total foi observado em 50,6% dos casos.As rítides horizontais presentes no centroda fronte avançam lateralmente além da linha mediopupilar, até o final da cauda dassobrancelhas. O padrão medial foi observado em 25,3% dos casos.As rítides horizontaisconcentram-se na região central da fronte, contidas predominantemente entre as linhasmediopupilares. O padrão lateral foi observado em 24% dos casos.As rítides horizontaispredominam nas laterais da fronte, a maioria ocorrendo após a linha mediopupilar.Conclusões: A identificação e classificação dos padrões de contração do músculo frontalpermitem avaliação mais individualizada de cada paciente, o que é um dos pilares maisimportantes para um plano terapêutico bem-sucedido.

Papel de los anticuerpos en la protección contra micobacterium tuberculosis

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Nesty Olivares

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Convencionalmente se asume que la defensa del hospedero contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis se basa en los mecanismos de inmunidad celular exclusivamente y se descarta el papel de los anticuerpos en la protección. En este trabajo se analizan evidencias recientes que retan este dogma y sugieren la importancia de considerar la manipulación de la respuesta inmune humoral como una alternativa en la investigación de vacunas contra la tuberculosis.

Nanofilms of hyaluronan/chitosan assembled layer-by-layer: An antibacterial surface for Xylella fastidiosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Montelongo, Jacobo; Nascimento, Vicente F; Murillo, Duber; Taketa, Thiago B; Sahoo, Prasana; de Souza, Alessandra A; Beppu, Marisa M; Cotta, Monica A

2016-01-20

In this work, nanofilms of hyaluronan/chitosan (HA/CHI) assembled layer by layer were synthesized; their application as a potential antimicrobial material was demonstrated for the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa, a gram-negative bacterium, here used as a model. For the synthesis, the influence of pH and ionic strength of these natural polymer stem-solutions on final characteristics of the HA/CHI nanofilms was studied in detail. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using widefield fluorescence microscopy. These results were correlated with the chemical properties of the nanofilms, studied by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, as well as with their morphology and surface properties characterized using SEM and AFM. The present findings can be extended to design and optimize HA/CHI nanofilms with enhanced antimicrobial behavior for other type of phytopathogenic gram-negative bacteria species, such as Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomas campestri and Ralstonia solanacearum. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New Polyphenols from a Deep Sea Spiromastix sp. Fungus, and Their Antibacterial Activities

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Siwen Niu

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Eleven new polyphenols namely spiromastols A–K (1–11 were isolated from the fermentation broth of a deep sea-derived fungus Spiromastix sp. MCCC 3A00308. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR data and mass spectroscopic analysis in association with chemical conversion. The structures are classified as diphenyl ethers, diphenyl esters and isocoumarin derivatives, while the n-propyl group in the analogues is rarely found in natural products. Compounds 1–3 exhibited potent inhibitory effects against a panel of bacterial strains, including Xanthomanes vesicatoria, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus thuringensis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 4 µg/mL. The structure-activity relationships are discussed, while the polychlorinated analogues 1–3 are assumed to be a promising structural model for further development as antibacterial agents.

Effects of an inducible aiiA gene on disease resistance in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ouyang, L J; Li, L M

2016-08-01

N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are metabolites of mostly gram-negative bacteria and are critical signaling molecules in bacterial quorum-sensing systems. At threshold concentrations, AHLs can activate the expression of pathogenic genes and induce diseases. Therefore, reducing AHL concentrations is a key point of disease control in plants. AHL-lactonase, which is expressed by aiiA, is widespread in Bacillus sp and can hydrolyze AHLs. In the present study, we cloned aiiA from Bacillus subtilis by PCR. A plant expression vector of aiiA was constructed and name Pcam-PPP3-aiiA, in which expression of aiiA was controlled by the pathogen-inducible plant promoter PPP3. The recombinant plasmid was transferred into Eucalyptus × urophylla × E. grandis by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR and Southern blotting showed that aiiA was successfully integrated into the E. urophylla × E. grandis genome and its expression was induced by Ralstonia solanacearum 12 h after inoculation, as shown by reverse transcription-PCR. The transcription efficacy of aiiA increased 43.88-, 30.65-, and 18.95-fold after inoculation with R. solanacearum, Erwinia carotovora ssp. zeae (Sabet) and Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, respectively as shown by RT-real-time PCR. Transgenic E.urophylla × E.grandis expressing the AIIA protein exhibited significantly enhanced disease resistance compared to non-transgenic plants by delaying the onset of wilting and reducing the disease index.

Impairment of Cellulose Synthases Required for Arabidopsis Secondary Cell Wall Formation Enhances Disease Resistance[W

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Blanco, Camilo; Feng, Dong Xin; Hu, Jian; Sánchez-Vallet, Andrea; Deslandes, Laurent; Llorente, Francisco; Berrocal-Lobo, Marta; Keller, Harald; Barlet, Xavier; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Clara; Anderson, Lisa K.; Somerville, Shauna; Marco, Yves; Molina, Antonio

2007-01-01

Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthases (CESAs) contained in plasma membrane–localized complexes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, three types of CESA subunits (CESA4/IRREGULAR XYLEM5 [IRX5], CESA7/IRX3, and CESA8/IRX1) are required for secondary cell wall formation. We report that mutations in these proteins conferred enhanced resistance to the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. By contrast, susceptibility to these pathogens was not altered in cell wall mutants of primary wall CESA subunits (CESA1, CESA3/ISOXABEN RESISTANT1 [IXR1], and CESA6/IXR2) or POWDERY MILDEW–RESISTANT5 (PMR5) and PMR6 genes. Double mutants indicated that irx-mediated resistance was independent of salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonate signaling. Comparative transcriptomic analyses identified a set of common irx upregulated genes, including a number of abscisic acid (ABA)–responsive, defense-related genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the synthesis and activation of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. These data as well as the increased susceptibility of ABA mutants (abi1-1, abi2-1, and aba1-6) to R. solanacearum support a direct role of ABA in resistance to this pathogen. Our results also indicate that alteration of secondary cell wall integrity by inhibiting cellulose synthesis leads to specific activation of novel defense pathways that contribute to the generation of an antimicrobial-enriched environment hostile to pathogens. PMID:17351116

Solvent production by engineered Ralstonia eutropha: channeling carbon to biofuel.

Science.gov (United States)

Chakravarty, Jayashree; Brigham, Christopher J

2018-06-01

Microbial production of solvents like acetone and butanol was a couple of the first industrial fermentation processes to gain global importance. These solvents are important feedstocks for the chemical and biofuel industry. Ralstonia eutropha is a facultatively chemolithoautotrophic bacterium able to grow with organic substrates or H 2 and CO 2 under aerobic conditions. This bacterium is a natural producer of polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymers. Recently, with the advances in the development of genetic engineering tools, the range of metabolites R. eutropha can produce has enlarged. Its ability to utilize various carbon sources renders it an interesting candidate host for synthesis of renewable biofuel and solvent production. This review focuses on progress in metabolic engineering of R. eutropha for the production of alcohols, terpenes, methyl ketones, and alka(e)nes using various resources. Biological synthesis of solvents still presents the challenge of high production costs and competition from chemical synthesis. Better understanding of R. eutropha biology will support efforts to engineer and develop superior microbial strains for solvent production. Continued research on multiple fronts is required to engineer R. eutropha for truly sustainable and economical solvent production.

Estado de salud y violencia contra la mujer en la pareja

OpenAIRE

Belén Sanz-Barbero; Lourdes Rey; Laura Otero-García

2014-01-01

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de violencia contra la mujer en la pareja en España, sus determinantes durante el último año y alguna vez en la vida. Describir el estado de salud de las mujeres según hayan sufrido o no violencia en la pareja. Analizar las variables individuales asociadas a la violencia contra la mujer en la pareja en España. Métodos: Estudio transversal de la Macroencuesta de Violencia de Género 2011, que incluyó 7898 mujeres mayores de 18 años. Variables dependientes: ...

Rugas glabelares: estudo piloto dos padrões de contração

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Ada Regina Trindade de Almeida

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A atividade muscular nd glabela Provocação rugas perpendiculares à Direção decontração dos Músculos, hoje tratadas Pela toxina botulínica.Variações interpessoais nd forma de contração local, São exibidas Durante a Animação facial. Apesar dos Inúmeros artigos publicados Sobre o tema, Os padrões de contração glabelar Ainda Não Foram estudados adequadamente e Classificados. Objetivo: Identificar e classificar Os padrões de contração glabelar encontrados Na população Que recebe Tratamento cosmético toxina botulínica com.Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de Fotografías de 30 pacientes receberam toxina botulínica n Que glabelares Tratamento de rugas. De acordo com De hum Predominância de Movimentosde Depressão, Aproximação OU Elevação da glabela, Os padrões de contração Foram identificados e Classificados.Resultados: Cinco Padrões identificados foram: 1 "U", 2 "V", 3 "Omega", 4 "Setas convergentes" e 5 "Omega" invertido. A Classificação OS permitiu identificar Músculos Mais Importantes em CADA Padrão de contração.Discussão CONCLUSÃO /: Existem Diferenças interpessoais nd Animação facial. A Classificação das rugas glabelares Permite, Tratamento Mais INDIVIDUALIZADO com acurado e toxina botulínica Uma. recebem doses Mais Músculos recrutados Maiores OU Maior numero de Pontos de Aplicação. Os Menos requisitados poupados São OU recebem doses menores, permitindo resultados eficazes Mais e Naturais.

Violência contra idosos: uma questão nova?

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Ana Paula R. Amadio Sanches

Full Text Available O envelhecimento da população mundial é um fato concreto e de conhecimento público. O Brasil inicia seu processo de transição demográfica seguindo o padrão mundial: o aumento do número de idosos com possibilidade de atingir elevadas faixas etárias, o que traz a necessidade de pesquisas nesse campo, devido à demanda apresentada por essa nova parcela da população. A questão da violência doméstica contra idosos tem se ampliado e sugere necessidade de maior campo de investigação nessa área, dado o risco suposto ao qual essa população mais idosa está submetida. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar os estudos relacionados ao tema já realizados no Brasil e em diferentes países, com enfoque epidemiológico. O trabalho apresenta diversos pontos de abordagem da violência contra idosos, considerando questões relacionadas à cultura do envelhecimento, ações de políticas públicas, atuação de equipes de saúde, definição do termo abordado, aspectos legais e éticos da violência contra o idoso. Tal estudo permite ao pesquisador analisar os diferentes aspectos que envolvem a temática, demonstrando a necessidade de pesquisas específicas direcionadas ao tema.

Tutela contra sentencias de las altas cortes o choque de vanidades

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Rubén Darío Henao Orozco

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La acción de tutela – o el llamado recurso de amparo o recurso de constitucionalidad- contra sentencias constituye uno de los ejes centrales de todo el sistema de garantía de los derechos 1 fundamentales.” Se limita el tema a la tutela contra sentencias de las Altas Cortes, porque ya es claro y no suscita ninguna controversia, el amparo contra sentencias emanadas por los Tribunales de Distrito Judicial, Contencioso Administrativos y los demás Jueces de la República. En cambio, cuando se produce una acción de tutela que protege derechos fundamentales vulnerados por una sentencia de una Alta Corte, la Corte accionada se rasga las vestiduras y protagoniza el respectivo espectáculo ante los medios de comunicación, y el argumento que inequívocamente trae a cuento en este show publicitario, es que dicha Corporación es un órgano límite y sus competencias emanan de la Constitución Política, además de ser exclusivas y excluyentes.

El estado actual de las vacunas contra las drogas

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Maura Epifanía Matus Ortega

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: por lo común, la adicción a las drogas se trata con psicoterapia y farmacología que evita la unión de las sustancias psicoactivas a receptores específicos en el cerebro. El resultado de estos tratamientos no ha sido del todo satisfactorio, por lo que el desarrollo de terapias más eficaces representa un reto constante para tratar las adicciones. Una alternativa a la farmacología antiadictiva es la vacunación activa dirigida contra las sustancias de abuso. Objetivo: esta revisión reúne la información disponible sobre los fundamentos y avances científicos en la generación de una terapia inmunológica, que coadyuve al tratamiento de la adicción a sustancias como la heroína-morfina, la cocaína, la nicotina y la anfetamina. Método: se consideraron los reportes científicos disponibles en PubMed –de 2005 a abril de 2017–, sobre los fundamentos, la metodología empleada, los estudios preclínicos y clínicos, y los resultados obtenidos en dichas investigaciones para generar vacunas contra las drogas. Resultados: las vacunas lograron mitigar los efectos producidos por las sustancias en los estudios preclínicos en modelos de estudio en animales; sin embargo, con pacientes humanos los resultados no han sido del todo satisfactorios. Discusión y conclusiones: a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por diferentes grupos de investigación y compañías farmacéuticas para generar vacunas terapéuticas contra el uso de diferentes drogas, ninguna ha alcanzado la fase III de estudios clínicos. En la actualidad, se continúa con los esfuerzos para lograr que las vacunas contra las adicciones alcancen su máxima eficiencia y eficacia, y contribuyan al tratamiento de la adicción a las drogas.

Internal Flow of Contra-Rotating Small Hydroturbine at Off- Design Flow Rates

Science.gov (United States)

SHIGEMITSU, Toru; TAKESHIMA, Yasutoshi; OGAWA, Yuya; FUKUTOMI, Junichiro

2016-11-01

Small hydropower generation is one of important alternative energy, and enormous potential lie in the small hydropower. However, efficiency of small hydroturbines is lower than that of large one. Then, there are demands for small hydroturbines to keep high performance in wide flow rate range. Therefore, we adopted contra-rotating rotors, which can be expected to achieve high performance. In this research, performance of the contra-rotating small hydroturbine with 60mm casing diameter was investigated by an experiment and numerical analysis. Efficiency of the contra-rotating small hydroturbine was high in pico-hydroturbine and high efficiency could be kept in wide flow rate range, however the performance of a rear rotor decreased significantly in partial flow rates. Then, internal flow condition, which was difficult to measure experimentally, was investigated by the numerical flow analysis. Then, a relation between the performance and internal flow condition was considered by the numerical analysis result.

Protección colectiva contra caídas para trabajadores de la construcción

OpenAIRE

Sulowski, A. C.

2014-01-01

Las normas de seguridad en la construcción requieren de protección para los trabajadores contra las caídas desde altura. Los Sistemas de Protección contra Caídas (FPS, por sus siglas en inglés) colectivos, en la mayoría de los casos, permiten que los trabajadores se muevan libremente sin usar un equipo de protección contra caídas individual. Los sistemas colectivos de prevención de caídas son preferibles a los sistemas de detención de caídas, estos últimos se emplean sólo si la prevención de...

Effects of environmental parameters on the dual-species biofilms formed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Ralstonia insidiosa, a strong biofilm producer isolated from a fresh-cut processing plant

Science.gov (United States)

Biofilm forming bacteria resident to food processing facilities are a food safety concern due to the potential of biofilms to harbor foodborne bacterial pathogens. When cultured together, Ralstonia insidiosa, a strong biofilm former frequently isolated from produce processing environments, has been ...

Tipología de agresores contra la pareja en prisión

OpenAIRE

Loinaz Calvo, Ismael

2010-01-01

Los agresores contra la pareja no constituyen un grupo homogéneo. Numerosos estudios en el ámbito anglosajón avalan la posibilidad de diferenciar distintos subtipos de agresores, pero hay divergencias entre ellos. Una de las principales aplicaciones de las tipologías es la adecuación de los tratamientos a las características del sujeto. El presente estudio-piloto tiene como objetivo establecer empíricamente una tipología de agresores contra la pareja en un ámbito español. La muestra constó de...

La violencia contra la mujer y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos

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Violeta Bermúdez Valdivia

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo formula algunas reflexiones en torno a las intersecciones que existen entre la violencia contra la mujer y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, desde un enfoque de derechos humanos. A tal efecto, analiza tres manifestaciones de violencia contra la mujer: la violencia sexual en el matrimonio, prácticas compulsivas de control reproductivo y la violación sexual como crimen de lesa humanidad. Todas ellas, implican una vulneración directa de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos y proponen algunas experiencias positivas que pueden servir de pauta orientadora para el diseño de políticas públicas sobre la materia.

biotechnological studies on the irradiated potato (solanum tuberosum) with gamma rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hassan, I.O.I.

2011-01-01

Bacterial wilt or brown rot disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes extensive annual losses of different crops especially potato crop. It is considered as one of the limiting factors for potato production and exportation in Egypt. Therefore, the main purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of gamma rays on two potato cultivars (Diamant and Spunta). And, to obtain new genotypes of potato resistant to bacterial wilt disease. This study was carried out in the field and Biotechnology laboratory of the Plant Res. Dept., Nuclear Res. Center, Inshas, Egypt and Genetics Dept., Faculty of Agricultural., Cairo Univ., during 2008-2011. In the field experiment, dry tubers of potato cultivars were irradiated by different doses of gamma rays (20, 30 and 40 Gy) to study the effect of gamma rays on the vegetative and yield traits. The results showed that there are no significant differences between cultivars for all studied traits except a number of tubers per plant trait. Also, there are only highly significant and significant differences between treatments for weight of tubers per plant and number of tubers per plant traits, respectively. However, there are only significant differences between the interactions of cultivars and treatments for plant height and weight of tubers per plant traits. Six genotypes were selected from M 1 V 2 generation depending on high yield for RAPD analysis to determine their genetic variability from its parents at molecular level using 11 primers. The results of RAPD analysis showed that 11 primers generated 56 distinct bands of which 31 (55.4%) were considered as polymorphic. The similarity indices of six genotypes of potato and its parents ranged from 70 to 91%. The highest genetic similarity 91% was found between D20 genotype and its parent D0 (Diamant control). On the other hand, the lowest genetic similarity 70% was found between S30, S40 genotypes and its parent S0 (Spunta control). In the artificial infection experiment

Vacinação contra influenza e pneumococo na insuficiência cardíaca: uma recomendação pouco aplicada

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Wolney de Andrade Martins

2011-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC cursa com frequentes descompensações e admissões ao serviço de emergência. Vacinação contra Influenza (INF e Pneumococo (PNM são recomendadas nas diretrizes, entretanto, as infecções respiratórias são a terceira causa de hospitalização na IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência da vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC na rede pública. MÉTODOS: Em estudo observacional realizado em Teresópolis, região serrana fluminense, foram utilizadas três estratégias: (I estudo das requisições para vacina contra INF e/ou PNM na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, entre 2004 e 2006; (II inquérito direto a 61 pacientes com IC atendidos na atenção básica sobre sua situação vacinal contra INF e PNM; (III inquérito direto sobre situação vacinal contra INF e PNM a 81 pacientes com IC crônica descompensada atendidos na única emergência aberta à rede pública. RESULTADOS: Na estratégia I, a vacinação contra INF e/ou PNM foi de 15,3% daqueles com indicações por doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias. A mediana do tempo entre a indicação e a vacinação foi de 32 dias. Na estratégia II, o percentual de vacinados contra INF, com idade > 60 anos, foi de 23,1%, e de 24,6% contra PMN em todas as idades. Na estratégia III, o percentual de pacientes vacinados contra INF foi de 35,8% e contra PNM foi de 2,5%. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC é muito baixa e ainda menor naqueles descompensados atendidos em serviço de emergência.

Impact of contra-lateral breast reshaping on mammographic surveillance in women undergoing breast reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Nava, Maurizio B; Rocco, Nicola; Catanuto, Giuseppe; Falco, Giuseppe; Capalbo, Emanuela; Marano, Luigi; Bordoni, Daniele; Spano, Andrea; Scaperrotta, Gianfranco

2015-08-01

The ultimate goal of breast reconstruction is to achieve symmetry with the contra-lateral breast. Contra-lateral procedures with wide parenchymal rearrangements are suspected to impair mammographic surveillance. This study aims to evaluate the impact on mammographic detection of mastopexies and breast reductions for contralateral adjustment in breast reconstruction. We retrospectively evaluated 105 women affected by uni-lateral breast cancer who underwent mastectomy and immediate two-stage reconstruction between 2002 and 2007. We considered three groups according to the contra-lateral reshaping technique: mastopexy or breast reduction with inferior dermoglandular flap (group 1); mastopexy or breast reduction without inferior dermoglandular flap (group 2); no contra-lateral reshaping (group 3). We assessed qualitative mammographic variations and breast density in the three groups. Statistically significant differences have been found when comparing reshaped groups with non reshaped groups regarding parenchymal distortions, skin thickening and stromal edema, but these differences did not affect cancer surveillance. The surveillance mammography diagnostic accuracy in contra-lateral cancer detection was not significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.56), such as the need for MRI for equivocal findings at mammographic contra-lateral breast (p = 0.77) and the need for core-biopsies to confirm mammographic suspect of contra-lateral breast cancer (p = 0.90). This study confirms previous reports regarding the safety of mastopexies and breast reductions when performed in the setting of contra-lateral breast reshaping after breast reconstruction. Mammographic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are not affected by the glandular re-arrangement. These results provide a further validation of the safety of current reconstructive paradigms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contra as invasões barbaras, a humanidade : a luta dos Arara (Karo) e dos Gavião (Ikoloehj) contra os projetos hidreletricos do Rio Machado, em Rondonia

OpenAIRE

Renata da Silva Nobrega

2008-01-01

Resumo: A dissertação trata da luta dos Arara (Karo) e dos Gavião (Ikólóéhj) contra os projetos hidrelétricos do Rio Machado, em Rondônia. Esta mobilização foi iniciada nos anos 80 contra o projeto da Usina Ji-Paraná, suspenso em 1993, e permanece até os dias atuais, com a retomada do projeto da Usina Tabajara. Frente às estratégias da ELETRONORTE para a viabilização destes projetos hidrelétricos, baseadas no mascaramento do seu potencial de destruição e no silenciamento da mobilização popula...

Tropical plant pathology: at home and abroad.

Science.gov (United States)

Thurston, H D

2001-01-01

I first describe my introduction to plant pathology and early experiences with employment, the environment, diseases, pests, and various plant pathologists. Then I recount a decade of stimulating studies at the University of Minnesota and the route I followed to a career in international agriculture with the Rockefeller Foundation in Colombia and later at Cornell University. My appreciation for and knowledge of traditional farmers and sustainable agriculture occurred as a slow awakening. Comments are made regarding problems, principles, and satisfactions associated with the improvement of efforts to aid food production in developing countries. My curious love affair with root and tuber crops, especially cassava, is explained and readily defended. My favorite pathogens, Phytophthora infestans and Ralstonia solanacearum, among others, are considered. The pleasures and satisfactions of teaching, writing, and sabbatical leaves are related. Finally, thoughts on the balance between basic and applied research in plant pathology are offered with significant nervousness about the future of our discipline.

Production of lipopeptides by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XZ-173 in solid state fermentation using soybean flour and rice straw as the substrate.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Zhen; Zhang, Guoyi; Luo, Yi; Ran, Wei; Shen, Qirong

2012-05-01

This work was aimed to produce lipopeptides by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XZ-173 in solid state fermentation using agro-industrial byproducts. A central composite design was used to get the highest lipopeptides production. Results revealed that the optimal conditions for maximum lipopeptides production were 1.79% starch and 1.91% yeast extract by employing 5.58 g soybean flour and 3.67 g rice straw as the solid substrate with initial pH 7.5, moisture content 55% and a 10% inoculum level at 30°C for 2 days. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of lipopeptides reached 50.01 mg/gds, which was very close to the predicted value (49.91 mg/gds). At high concentration, the lipopeptides extracted from fermented substrates showed strong antibiotic activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Ralstonia solanacearum and certain emulsification but good emulsion stability. This is the first report on lipopeptides production that uses rice straw as a major substrate. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER EM SÃO JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS: ESTATÍSTICAS ALARMANTES CONTRA A DIGNIDADE DAS JOSEENSES

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Alexandre José Reifschneider Coelho

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Tomando como referência dados estatísticos registrados no site da SECRETARIA de Segurança Pública (www.ssp.sp.gov.br/novaestatistica/Mapas.aspx e partindo da fundamentação em literatura especializada sobre o tema violência contra mulheres (artigos científicos; informações divulgadas pelos meios de comunicação (notícias, reportagens; depoimentos e vivências compartilhadas em espaços públicos virtuais (blogs percebemos que o preconceito, a discriminação e a desigualdade, faces perversas da violência contra a mulher, colaboram para a permanência da violência mesmo após o advento da Lei 11.340 de 07 de Agosto de 2006, conhecida como Lei “Maria da Penha”. Mostramos esta permanência da violência tendo como objeto de análise os crimes de estupro, lesão corporal e tentativa de homicídio, compreendidos no período de 2011 a 2015, subdivididos em Estado de São Paulo (Capital e Interior e município de São José dos Campos.

Violencia sexual contra hombres y niños

OpenAIRE

Russell, Wynne

2007-01-01

Es bien sabido que los conflictos armados y la violencia sexual contra las mujeres y las niñas suelen ir de la mano. Lo que no se conoce tanto es que los conflictos armados y sus secuelas también suponen un peligro sexual para los hombres y los niños.

Soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o sarampo de uma determinada população infantil de Botucatu, SP

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Godoy Ilda de

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o sarampo, de uma determinada população infantil residente em Botucatu, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o estado imunólogico, induzido quer por infecção natural, quer por meio de vacinação. Foram estudadas 101 crianças, sendo que todas receberam a vacina contra o sarampo. Os exames laboratoriais utilizados para avaliar a presença de anticorpos, nas amostras de sangue coletadas, foram o teste de Inibição de Hemaglutinação (IH e o Ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA. Os resultados do teste de IH, mostraram que 92,1% das amostras apresentavam anticorpos contra o sarampo. As amostras com títulos < que 1:4, quando estudadas pela IH, foram retestadas no mesmo laboratório por meio do ELISA, e somente duas mantiveram-se negativas para anticorpos contra o sarampo. Portanto, em 98% das amostras de soro das crianças estudadas os anticorpos contra o sarampo estavam presentes.

Representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva da enfermagem

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Sandra Maria Cezar Leal

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A violência contra a mulher constitui grave problema de Saúde Pública; ocorre no mundo inteiro em todas as classes sociais. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva de enfermeiras alunas de uma Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa/Portugal. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória com respaldo das representações sociais, da qual participaram cento e cinquenta enfermeiras, sendo os dados coletados por meio de questionário. Para análise, utilizou-se o software DataVic 4.3. Resultados apontam que as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher estão restritas ao universo consensual pelo qual são produzidas, constituído, sobretudo, pela conversação informal e pela vida cotidiana. Apontam, também, que a violência não é entendida como um problema de saúde. Considera-se que o embasamento teórico sobre o tema e o envolvimento institucional dos Serviços de Saúde contribuirão para a inserção da violência contra a mulher na agenda da Saúde Pública.

Antibacterial Activity of Pharbitin, Isolated from the Seeds of Pharbitis nil, against Various Plant Pathogenic Bacteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Hoa Thi; Yu, Nan Hee; Park, Ae Ran; Park, Hae Woong; Kim, In Seon; Kim, Jin-Cheol

2017-10-28

This study aimed to isolate and characterize antibacterial metabolites from Pharbitis nil seeds and investigate their antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic bacteria. The methanol extract of P. nil seeds showed the strongest activity against Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 250 μg/ml. Among the three solvent layers obtained from the methanol extract of P. nil seeds, only the butanol layer displayed the activity with an MIC value of 125 μg/ml against Xap. An antibacterial fraction was obtained from P. nil seeds by repeated column chromatography and identified as pharbitin, a crude resin glycoside, by instrumental analysis. The antibacterial activity of pharbitin was tested in vitro against 14 phytopathogenic bacteria, and it was found to inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum and four Xanthomonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentration values against the five bacteria were 125-500 μg/ml for the n-butanol layer and 31.25-125 μg/ml for pharbitin. In a detached peach leaf assay, it effectively suppressed the development of bacterial leaf spot, with a control value of 87.5% at 500 μg/ml. In addition, pharbitin strongly reduced the development of bacterial wilt on tomato seedlings by 97.4% at 250 μg/ml, 7 days after inoculation. These findings suggest that the crude extract of P. nil seeds can be used as an alternative biopesticide for the control of plant diseases caused by R. solanacearum and Xanthomonas spp. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of pharbitin against phytopathogenic bacteria.

Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Calcium-dependent Protein Kinase and Its Closely Related Kinase Genes in Capsicum annuum

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hanyang ecai

2015-09-01

Full Text Available As Ca2+ sensors and effectors, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs play important roles in regulating the downstream components of calcium signaling, which are ubiquitously involved in plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues. However, no CDPKs have been characterized in Capsicum annuum thus far. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of genes encoding pepper CDPKs and CDPK-related protein kinases (CRKs was performed, and 31 CDPK genes and five closely related kinase genes were identified, which were phylogenetically divided into four distinct subfamilies and unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. Conserved sequence and exon-intron structures were found to be shared by pepper CDPKs within the same subfamily, and the expansion of the CaCPK family in pepper was found to be due to segmental duplication events. Five CDPKs in the Capsicum annuum variety CM334 were found to be mutated in the Chiltepin variety, and one CDPK present in CM334 was lost in Chiltepin. The majority of CDPK and CRK genes were expressed in different pepper tissues and developmental stages, and 10, 12, and eight CDPK genes were transcriptionally modified by salt, heat, and Ralstonia solanacearum stresses, respectively. Furthermore, these genes were found to respond specifically to one stress as well as respond synergistically to two stresses or three stresses, suggesting that these CDPK genes might be involved in the specific or synergistic response of pepper to salt, heat, and R. solanacearum. Our results lay the foundation for future functional characterization of pepper CDPK and its closely related gene families.

Crimes contra o mercado de capitais

OpenAIRE

Leonardo Alonso

2009-01-01

A necessidade de tutela eficiente do Mercado de Capitais é, atualmente, indiscutível. O advento de novas tecnologias e o tráfego internacional de capital cada vez maior; tornam o Mercado de Capitais, contemporaneamente, sujeito a amplos riscos e danos. Nesse contexto, o legislador tem respondido com a incriminação de condutas ofensivas ao mercado, contudo a formulação de tipos penais nem sempre se mostra adequada. Dessa forma, questiona-se qual o bem juridicamente tutelado pelos crimes contra...

The Acoustical Behavior of Contra-Rotating Fan

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Juan Wu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The noise produced by a contra-rotating ventilator can cause injury to humans. Therefore, it is important to reduce noise caused by ventilators. In this study, the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H model was used to simulate the acoustics of four different axial impeller spacing points based on the unsteady flow field through a FBD No. 8.0 contra-rotating ventilator. Experiments were conducted to verify the correctness of the numerical model. Meanwhile, the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD drives the two motors of 55 kW to give the impellers different speeds to distinguish different conditions. The results showed that the main noise source of the ventilator was the two rotating impellers and the area between them. For the same axial space, the noise decreased with the increase of flow rate and then decreased. And the amplitude of the discrete pulse increased gradually. It can be concluded that the vortex acoustics decreased gradually with the increase of flow rate and the rotating acoustics were the major contributor. With the axial distance increasing, the noise caused by the two impellers was weak, and the frequencies of sound pressure level moved toward medium- and low-frequency bands gradually. The suitable axial space could reduce noise and improve the working environment.

Paenibacillus solanacearum sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a tomato plant.

Science.gov (United States)

Cho, Hayoung; Heo, Jun; Ahn, Jae-Hyung; Weon, Hang-Yeon; Kim, Jeong-Seon; Kwon, Soon-Wo; Kim, Soo-Jin

2017-12-01

The taxonomic position of a bacterial strain designated T16R-228 T , isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of a tomato plant collected from a farm in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea, was determined using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of morphological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it was determined to belong to the genus Paenibacillus. It was an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative rod with peritrichous flagella. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, hydroxyl- phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified polar lipid. Menaquiones were MK-7. Predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. DNA G+C content was 56.8 mol%. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain formed a clade with P. mucilaginosus VKPM B-7519 T , P. edaphicus T7 T , P. ehimensis KCTC 3748 T , P. koreensis YC300 T , P. tianmuensis B27 T and P. elgii SD17 T , showing the highest sequence similarity with P. mucilaginosus VKPM B-7519 T (96.5 %). The polyphasic data supported that strain T16R-228 T was clearly distinguished from its closely related species and represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus for which the name Paenibacillus solanacearum is proposed. The type strain is T16R-228 T (=KACC 18654 T =NBRC 111896 T ).

Crystal structure and biochemical characterization of beta-keto thiolase B from polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Eun-Jung; Son, Hyeoncheol Francis [Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Sangwoo [Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701 (Korea, Republic of); School of Nono-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798 (Korea, Republic of); Ahn, Jae-Woo [Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kyung-Jin, E-mail: kkim@knu.ac.kr [Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701 (Korea, Republic of)

2014-02-14

Highlights: • We determined a crystal structure of β-keto thiolase from Ralstonia eutropha H16 (ReBktB). • Distinct substrate binding mode ReBktB was elucidated. • Enzymatic kinetic parameters of ReBktB were revealed. - Abstract: ReBktB is a β-keto thiolase from Ralstonia eutropha H16 that catalyzes condensation reactions between acetyl-CoA with acyl-CoA molecules that contains different numbers of carbon atoms, such as acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA, to produce valuable bioproducts, such as polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate, and hexanoate. We solved a crystal structure of ReBktB at 2.3 Å, and the overall structure has a similar fold to that of type II biosynthetic thiolases, such as PhbA from Zoogloea ramigera (ZrPhbA). The superposition of this structure with that of ZrPhbA complexed with CoA revealed the residues that comprise the catalytic and substrate binding sites of ReBktB. The catalytic site of ReBktB contains three conserved residues, Cys90, His350, and Cys380, which may function as a covalent nucleophile, a general base, and second nucleophile, respectively. For substrate binding, ReBktB stabilized the ADP moiety of CoA in a distinct way compared to ZrPhbA with His219, Arg221, and Asp228 residues, whereas the stabilization of β-mercaptoethyamine and pantothenic acid moieties of CoA was quite similar between these two enzymes. Kinetic study of ReBktB revealed that K{sub m}, V{sub max}, and K{sub cat} values of 11.58 μM, 1.5 μmol/min, and 102.18 s{sup −1}, respectively, and the catalytic and substrate binding sites of ReBktB were further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis experiments.

Ambassadors for the Kingdom of God or for America? Christian Nationalism, the Christian Right, and the Contra War

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Lauren Frances Turek

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This essay uses the concept of Christian nationalism to explore the religious dynamics of the Contra war and U.S.–Nicaraguan relations during Ronald Reagan’s presidency. Religious organizations and individuals played crucial roles on both sides in the war in Nicaragua and in the debates in the United States over support for the Contras. Evangelistic work strengthened transnational ties between Christians, but also raised the stakes of the war; supporters of the Sandinistas and Contras alike alleged a victory by their adversary imperiled the future of Christianity in Nicaragua. Christian nationalism thus manifested itself and intertwined in both the United States and Nicaragua. Examining how evangelicals and Catholics in the United States and Nicaragua, as well as the Reagan administration, the Contras, and the Sandinistas, used Christian nationalism to build support for their policy objectives sheds light on both the malleability and the power of identifying faith with the state. Having assessed Christian nationalism as a tool and a locus of conflict in the Contra war, the essay then steps back and considers the larger methodological implications of using Christian nationalism as a category of analysis in U.S. foreign relations history.

La institucionalización de la lucha contra el terrorismo transnacional a través del derecho internacional

OpenAIRE

Seña Salcedo, Cristian Andrés

2016-01-01

Hasta hace casi una década, la guerra contra el terrorismo fue una lucha solitaria de los Estados. Actualmente y debido a las implicaciones globales de este fenómeno, las acciones contra este flagelo han adquirido connotación internacional. Gran parte de los países miembros de las Naciones Unidas han acogido esta guerra –contra un enemigo común, pero indefinido- como un compromiso político en favor de la paz y seguridad internacional. La producción constante de instrumentos int...

Ciberativismo: a guerra da WikiLeaks contra os segredos de Estado

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Carole Ferreira da Cruz

2012-07-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2012v9n1p90 Resenha do livro WikiLeaks: a guerra de Julian Assange contra os Segredos de Estado (Editora Verus, 2011, 336 p., no qual os repórteres investigativos do The Guardian, David Leigh e Luke Harding, contam os bastidores do maior vazamento da história, que revelou ao mundo detalhes obscuros da diplomacia mundial e das guerras do Afeganistão e do Iraque. A partir da análise do livro-reportagem sobre a organização WikliLeaks, pretendemos refletir sobre os mecanismos de resistência e atuação contra-hegemônica no contexto das redes abertas pelas tecnologias digitais.

Violencia contra la mujer infligida por su pareja y su relación con la salud mental de los hijos adolescentes

OpenAIRE

Vargas Murga, Horacio

2017-01-01

Se presenta una revisión de la literatura científica nacional e internacional, así como de documentos técnicos, sobre la violencia contra la mujer infligida por su pareja y su relación con la salud mental de los hijos adolescentes. Se abordan aspectos generales a manera de introducción y luego se muestra información sobre la epidemiología de la violencia contra la mujer, la violencia contra la mujer infligida por su pareja, los efectos de la violencia contra la mujer, los efectos sobre la sal...

Intervención interdisciplinar en la adolecencia contra la violencia de género

OpenAIRE

Almazán Muñoz, Juncal

2015-01-01

[ES] Desde que en la Conferencia Mundial de la Mujer (México, 1975), se reconoció por primera vez la gravedad de la violencia contra las mujeres, todas las conferencias internacionales han propuesto medidas para que los diferentes estados impulsen políticas preventivas e integrales contra la violencia de género. Este tipo de violencia tiene su raíz en el entramado cultural de nuestras sociedades. Los esfuerzos para su erradicación deben orientarse a construir una sociedad igualita...

Production of polyhydroxy alkanoates by Ralstonia eutropha from volatile fatty acids

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yun, Jung Hyun; Sawant, Shailesh S.; Kim, Beom Soo [Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea, Republic of)

2013-12-15

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastics that can be synthesized in various microorganisms. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are produced by anaerobic treatment of organic wastes that can be utilized as inexpensive substrates for PHA synthesis. In this study, several Ralstonia eutropha strains were grown on the mixture of VFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acid) as its carbon and energy source for growth and PHA synthesis. R. eutropha KCTC 2658 accumulated PHAs up to 50% of dry cell weight from total 5 g/L of mixed VFAs (acetic acid : propionic acid : butyric acid=1 : 2 : 2). In batch culture of R. eutropha KCTC2658 in a 5 L fermentor, a homopolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was produced from 20 g/L glucose as a sole carbon source with dry cell weight of 8.4 g/L and PHA content of 30%. In fed-batch culture, two feeding strategies, pulse or pH-stat, were applied to add VFAs to the fermentor. When VFAs were fed using pH-stat feeding strategy after 40 h, a copolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] was produced with dry cell weight of 8.1 g/L, PHA content of 50%, and 3HV fraction of 20 mol%.

Production of polyhydroxy alkanoates by Ralstonia eutropha from volatile fatty acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yun, Jung Hyun; Sawant, Shailesh S.; Kim, Beom Soo

2013-01-01

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastics that can be synthesized in various microorganisms. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are produced by anaerobic treatment of organic wastes that can be utilized as inexpensive substrates for PHA synthesis. In this study, several Ralstonia eutropha strains were grown on the mixture of VFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acid) as its carbon and energy source for growth and PHA synthesis. R. eutropha KCTC 2658 accumulated PHAs up to 50% of dry cell weight from total 5 g/L of mixed VFAs (acetic acid : propionic acid : butyric acid=1 : 2 : 2). In batch culture of R. eutropha KCTC2658 in a 5 L fermentor, a homopolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was produced from 20 g/L glucose as a sole carbon source with dry cell weight of 8.4 g/L and PHA content of 30%. In fed-batch culture, two feeding strategies, pulse or pH-stat, were applied to add VFAs to the fermentor. When VFAs were fed using pH-stat feeding strategy after 40 h, a copolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] was produced with dry cell weight of 8.1 g/L, PHA content of 50%, and 3HV fraction of 20 mol%

Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de la desigualdad

OpenAIRE

Ana Isabel Blanco García

2008-01-01

En este número entraremos directamente en el debate acerca de la "Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de a desigualdad", que desde hace unos años recorre todo el sustrato del pensamiento feminista y del que en buena medida es deudor el propio título de nuestra revista.

Enhanced biofilm formation in dual-species culture of Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa

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Yunfeng Xu

2017-09-01

Full Text Available In the natural environments microorganisms coexist in communities as biofilms. Since foodborne pathogens have varying abilities to form biofilms, investigation of bacterial interactions in biofilm formation may enhance our understanding of the persistence of these foodborne pathogens in the environment. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa in dual species biofilms. Biofilm development after 24 h was measured using crystal violet in 96-well microtiter plate. Scanning electron microscopy and cell enumeration were employed after growth on stainless steel coupons. When compared with their single species counterparts, the dual species biofilms exhibited a significant increase in biofilm biomass. The number of L. monocytogenes in co-culture biofilms on stainless steel also increased significantly. However, there was no effect on the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes when cultured with R. insidiosa separated by a semi-permeable membrane-linked compartment or cultured in R. insidiosa cell-free supernatant, indicating that direct cell-cell contact is critical for this interaction.

PRODUCCIÓN DE POLI-β -HIDROXIBUTIRATO (PHB β POR Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17697

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Barbosa Marcela

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Ralstonia eutropha es la bacteria más utilizada en la producción de poli-β-hidroxibutirato (PHB por su capacidad de acumular polímero hasta en un 80% de su peso seco. En el presente trabajo se realizaron fermentaciones por lote alimentado en dos etapas a escala 3 litros usando tres concentraciones de fructosa (5, 10 y 15 g/l. En la primera etapa, manteniendo constante la relación carbono-nitrógeno en 6.85 g C/g N, se buscó obtener una alta concentración celular; en la segunda etapa las células obtenidas se limitaron en la fuente de nitrógeno para permitir la acumulación del biopolímero. La mejor concentración para producir el material es 5 g/l en la cual se obtuvo un porcentaje de acumulación del 66.2%, una velocidad de crecimiento específico inicial de 0.5171 h-1 y una productividad de 0.1245 g PHB/ l h.

Biological Control of Bacterial Wilt in South East Asia

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Triwidodo Arwiyanto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum destroys many crops of different plant families in South East Asia despite many researches about the disease, and the availability of developed control method in other parts of the world. There is no chemical available for the bacterial wilt pathogen and biological control is then chosen as an alternative to save the crops. Most of the biological control studies were based on antagonism between biological control agent and the pathogen. The biological control agents were intended to reduce the initial inoculum of the pathogen. The effort to minimize the initial inoculum of the pathogen by baiting with the use of hypersensitive host-plant was only reliable when conducted in the greenhouse experiments. Various microorganisms have been searched as possible biological control agents, for instance avirulent form of the pathogen, soil or rhizosphere bacteria (Bacillus spp. and fluorescent pseudomonads, actinomycetes (Streptomyces spp., yeast (Pichia uillermondii, Candida ethanolica, and a consortium of microorganisms known as effective microorganisms (EM. None of these biological control agents has been used in field application and they need further investigation in order to effectively control bacterial wilt. Opportunities and challenges in developing biological control to combat bacterial wilt are discussed in the paper. Penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum menghancurkan banyak tanaman dalam famili yang berbeda di Asia Tenggara meskipun telah banyak penelitian tentang metode pengendaliannya. Penyakit ini sulit dikendalikan karena banyaknya variabilitas patogen dan belum tersedianya sumber ketahanan yang mapan. Di samping itu, sampai saat ini belum ada bahan kimia yang tersedia untuk patogen layu bakteri ini sehingga pengendalian biologi kemudian dipilih sebagai cara alternatif untuk menyelamatkan tanaman. Sebagian besar penelitian pengendalian biologi didasarkan

Gênero e violência contra a mulher na literatura de enfermagem: uma revisão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maiara Cardoso Duarte

2015-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Na produção científica sobre desigualdades na relação homens e mulheres destacam-se estudos sobre violência contra a mulher e a premência do seu reconhecimento como problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: considerando o potencial da Enfermagem para um olhar ampliado desta temática, pretendeu-se conhecer o que está sendo veiculado sobre gênero e violência contra a mulher nas principais revistas de enfermagem brasileiras. Método: realizou-se revisão integrativa, de publicações online, entre 2000 e 2012. Dos 138 artigos selecionados, 25 tratavam gênero e violência contra a mulher como construtos sociais. Resultados: predominaram as abordagens qualitativas (60%, investigações empíricas (60%, acadêmicas (100%, autorias envolvendo enfermeira(os (96%, violências conjugal (32% e doméstica (20%. A violência contra a mulher à luz de gênero foi associada em apenas 32% das publicações. Conclusão: há necessidade de incremento de estudos em parceria com o serviço e a ampliação das discussões que envolvem dinâmicas de poder e de resistência, que constituem a base do conceito de gênero.

Aspectos relevantes del uso de Mycobacterium´habana´ como candidato vacunal contra la tuberculosis

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Iliana Valdés

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La eficacia protectora de la actual vacuna (BCG contra la tuberculosis, para contrarrestar las formas pulmonares de esta enfermedad y su reactivación, resulta variable o poco eficiente, lo cual impone la búsqueda urgente de nuevas alternativas profilácticas contra esta enfermedad. Basados en las ventajas inmunogénicas que ofrece el uso de vacunas vivas, se han encaminado diferentes estrategias de este tipo empleando mutantes auxotróficos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis , BCG recombinante o micobacterias no tuberculosas. Existen evidencias experimentales acerca de la protección conferida tras la vacunación con cepas vivas, inactivadas o fracciones proteicas de Mycobacterium'habana' TMC-5135 contra la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Esta respuesta protectora parece ir aparejada de escasos signos de virulencia en los modelos animales ensayados, lo cual coloca a M.´habana´ dentro de los posibles candidatos vacunales contra la tuberculosis al ajustarse a la condición que impone una vacuna clásica de reproducir la infección y los eventos inmunes que le suceden lo más fielmente posible a como ocurren de manera natural, sin causar extensos daños en el receptor.

Violencia contra inmigrantes en Tamaulipas

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Simón Pedro Izcara-Palacios

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Violence against immigrants in TamaulipasMigrants in Mexico are subjected to extortions, kidnappings, rapes and killings. Tamaulipas, a state situated in the northeast of Mexico, has registered an unprecedented level of violence against migrants. In August of 2010, 72 migrants were massacred in San Fernando (Tamaulipas and in April of 2011, 194 corpses of migrants were found in the same place. Furthermore, since 2009, rural communities in central Tamaulipas, which receive more than five thousand migrants a year to work in harvesting oranges, have suffered violent attacks targeting immigrants. This paper, based on a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with 60 immigrants conducted between April 2011 and November 2011, examines the forms of cultural, direct, structural and post-structural violence suffered by immigrant workers employed in the orange sector of Tamaulipas.Resumen:Los migrantes en México son objeto de extorsiones, secuestros, violaciones y asesinatos. Tamaulipas, un estado situado en el noreste de México, ha registrado niveles sin precedentes de violencia contra los migrantes. En Agosto de 2010 72 migrantes fueron masacrados en San Fernando (Tamaulipas, y en Abril de 2011 194 cadáveres de migrantes fueron encontrados en el mismo lugar. Asimismo, las comunidades rurales del centro de Tamaulipas, que reciben anualmente más de 5 mil migrantes para trabajar en la pizca de la naranja, han sufrido desde el año 2009 violentos ataques dirigidos contra los migrantes. Este artículo, basado en una metodología cualitativa que incluye entrevistas en profundidad con 60 migrantes realizadas entre Abril y Noviembre de 2011, examina las formas de violencia cultural, directa, estructural y postestructural sufrida por los trabajadores migratorios empleados en el sector citrícola de Tamaulipas.

Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de la desigualdad

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Ana Isabel Blanco García

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En este número entraremos directamente en el debate acerca de la "Violencia contra las mujeres: las dimensiones de a desigualdad", que desde hace unos años recorre todo el sustrato del pensamiento feminista y del que en buena medida es deudor el propio título de nuestra revista.

Inventorying the molecular potential of Cupriavidus and Ralstonia strains surviving harsh space-related environments

Science.gov (United States)

Mijnendonckx, Kristel; van Houdt, Rob; Provoost, Ann; Bossus, Albert; Ott, C. Mark; Venkateswaran, Kasthuri; Leys, Natalie

The craving of modern man to explore life beyond earth presents a lot of challenges. The control of microbial contamination of the confined manned spacecraft is an important aspect that has to be taken into account in this journey. Because the human body contains a huge amount of microorganisms, the crew itself is the most important contamination source. But contamination can also originate from residing environmental microorganisms or from materials that are supplied from the Earth. These microbial contaminations can cause problems for the astronauts -well documented to have a decreased immunity -and the infrastructure of the space station. In this study, 14 different Cupriavidus metallidurans and Ralstonia pickettii strains, isolated from such space-related environments, where characterised in detail. These unique strains were isolated from drinking water that returned from ISS (3), from the cooling water system of the American ISS segment (4), from a swab sample of the Mars Odyssey Orbitor surface prior to flight (4), and from an air sample taken in the space assembly facility PHSF during Mars exploration Rover assembly (3). Their resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics was screened. The C. metallidurans isolates were more resistant to Zn2+ and Hg+ but more sensitive to Ni2+ than the R. pickettii strains. The MIC values for Cu2+ ranged from 1,5mM to 12mM, for Co2+ from 1,58mM to 12,63mM and for Cd2+ from 0,25mM to 1mM. For Ni2+ , the MIC values were between 2 and 8mM, except for the strain C. metallidurans IV (0502478) that was able to grow on Ni+2 concentrations up to 48mM. A metal of special interest was Ag+ because it is used to sanitize ISS drinking water. The strains isolated from air and surface samples showed a MIC value ranging from 0,35µM to 4µM. The isolates from the water samples had MIC values from 0,3µM to 2µM, which is lower than (or comparable with) the lowest limit of the silver concentration used in the ISS (1,9µM -4,6µM). However, all

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA GESTANTES EM DELEGACIAS ESPECIALIZADAS NO ATENDIMENTO À MULHER DE TERESINA-PI

OpenAIRE

Ariane Gomes dos Santos; Inez Sampaio Nery; Danielle Carvalho Rodrigues; Ariel de Sousa Melo

2010-01-01

La violencia contra la mujer es definida como cualquier acción o conducta basada en violencia de género, que cause muerte, daño o sufrimiento físico, sexual o psicológico. El objetivo fue medir el fenómeno de la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres embarazadas mediante la denuncia de maltrato en Comisarías Especializadas en Atención a la Mujer, en Teresina- -PI. Investigación cuantitativa del tipo análisis documental, retrospectivo. Para recolectar datos se utilizó un formulario semiestruct...

Production and purification of a soluble hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha H16 for potential hydrogen fuel cell applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Jugder, Bat-Erdene; Lebhar, Helene; Aguey-Zinsou, Kondo-Francois; Marquis, Christopher P

2016-01-01

The soluble hydrogenase (SH) from Ralstonia eutropha H16 is a promising candidate enzyme for H2-based biofuel application as it favours H2 oxidation and is relatively oxygen-tolerant. In this report, bioprocess development studies undertaken to produce and purify an active SH are described, based on the methods previously reported [1], [2], [3], [4]. Our modifications are: •Upstream method optimizations were undertaken on heterotrophic growth media and cell lysis involving ultrasonication.•Two anion exchangers (Q Sepharose and RESOURCE Q) and size exclusion chromatographic (Superdex 200) matrices were successfully employed for purification of a hexameric SH from R. eutropha.•The H2 oxidizing activity of the SH was demonstrated spectrophotometrically in solution and also immobilized on an EPG electrode using cyclic voltammetry.

Anticorpos contra LDL-ox e síndrome coronariana aguda Anticuerpos contra LDL-ox y síndrome coronario agudo Antibodies against OxLDL and acute coronary syndrome

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Ana Maria Brito Medeiros

2010-07-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A oxidação da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-ox induz à formação de epítopos imunogênicos na molécula. A presença de autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox tem sido demonstrada no soro de pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC. Contudo, o papel desses autoanticorpos na fisiopatologia das síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA e o seu significado clínico permanecem indefinidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox e SCA. MÉTODOS: Os títulos de imunoglobulina G autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox por cobre (antiLDL-ox e contra o peptídeo sintético D derivado da apolipoproteína B (antipeptD foram determinados por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA em 90 pacientes, nas primeiras 12h de SCA (casos e em 90 pacientes com DAC crônica (controles. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os títulos de antiLDL-ox foram significativamente mais elevados (p = 0,017 nos casos (0,40 ± 0,22, do que nos controles (0,33 ± 0,23. Por outro lado, os títulos de antipeptD foram significativamente menores (p FUNDAMENTO: La oxidación de la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL-ox induce a la formación de epítopos inmunogénicos en la molécula. La presencia de autoanticuerpos contra la LDL-ox ha sido demostrada en el suero de pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC. No obstante eso, el papel de esos autoanticuerpos en la fisiopatología de los síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA y su significado clínico permanecen indefinidos. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación entre autoanticuerpos contra la LDL-ox y SCA. MÉTODOS: Los títulos de inmunoglobulina G autoanticuerpos contra la LDL-ox por cobre (antiLDL-ox y contra el péptido sintético D derivado de la apolipoproteína B (antipeptD fueron determinados por ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA en 90 pacientes, en las primeras 12h de SCA (casos y en 90 pacientes con EAC crónica (controles. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron que los títulos de antiLDL-ox fueron

VACUNACIÓN CONTRA EL VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO Y AUTOINMUNIDAD

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Juan-Manuel Anaya

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de enfermedades autoinmunes es un tema de suma importancia cuando de vacunas se trata, dado el riesgo que pueden tener éstas de favorecer fenómenos de autoinmunidad en individuos susceptibles. La relación riesgo/beneficio de desarrollar enfermedades autoinmunes luego de la vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH aún no se ha resuelto. Los datos disponibles son limitados para ofrecer conclusiones definitivas. Dado el aumento reciente de reporte de efectos adversos, se espera que estudios con suficiente tamaño muestral, en diversas poblaciones, confirmen la seguridad de la vacunación contra el VPH en niñas con enfermedades autoinmunes. Un análisis personalizado de cada paciente, que incluya la evaluación de autoinmunidad personal y familiar, podría ser sugerido, aunque no hay estudios que demuestren que sea costo-efectivo. Por lo tanto, la farmacovigilancia permanente de esta vacuna sigue siendo de suma importancia.

Asociación entre enfermedad cardiovascular y anticuerpos contra Chlamydia pneumoniae

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García-Elorriaga Guadalupe de los A

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Precisar si existe asociación entre enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV y anticuerpos contra Chlamydia en población mexicana. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal, realizado en la Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología e Infectología -Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza (CMNR- y en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Asistencia Circulatoria, del Hospital General del CMNR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, de agosto de 1998 a abril de 2000. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgG e IgM contra C. psittaci, C. trachomatis y C. pneumoniae mediante microinmunofluorescencia, en suero de 70 pacientes con ECV hospitalizados en el CMNR, mayores de 30 años, de uno u otro sexo, y se compararon con 140 sanos, pareados por edad y sexo. Se utilizaron muestras aleatorias simples, con un tamaño poblacional de 110, una prevalencia de 50% y un nivel de confianza de 99%. Para establecer la diferencia entre las proporciones de los títulos se utilizó ji cuadrada y se calculó la razón de momios. Resultados. El 94.3% (66/70 de los pacientes presentó IgG en contra de C. pneumoniae vs 37% (52/140 de los individuos sanos (p<0.001. Conclusiones. Existe una fuerte asociación entre anticuerpos IgG hacia C. pneumoniae y ECV.

Effects of Mutations in the Substrate-Binding Domain of Poly[(R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) Depolymerase from Ralstonia pickettii T1 on PHB Degradation▿

OpenAIRE

Hiraishi, Tomohiro; Hirahara, Yoko; Doi, Yoshiharu; Maeda, Mizuo; Taguchi, Seiichi

2006-01-01

Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) depolymerase from Ralstonia pickettii T1 (PhaZRpiT1) adsorbs to denatured PHB (dPHB) via its substrate-binding domain (SBD) to enhance dPHB degradation. To evaluate the amino acid residues participating in dPHB adsorption, PhaZRpiT1 was subjected to a high-throughput screening system consisting of PCR-mediated random mutagenesis targeted to the SBD gene and a plate assay to estimate the effects of mutations in the SBD on dPHB degradation by PhaZRpiT1. Genetic...

Panorama da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes em municípios cearenses

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Poliana Hilário Magalhães

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Descrever o panorama da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes em municípios do litoral e do sertão do estado do Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado em 2014 com análise de dados secundários do “Disque 100” relacionados aos casos de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes nos municípios do estado do Ceará, Brasil, referentes ao triênio 2011-2013. Resultados: Foram analisados 210 municípios do sertão cearense, dentre eles o município de Acopiara com 18 (10,8% denúncias, sendo destaque para casos de denúncias por abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes. Dentre os municípios litorâneos, Caucaia representa o maior número de denúncias, com 112 (35.07% casos de abuso sexual. Conclusão: O estudo é uma alerta às autoridades e à comunidade para atentarem aos casos de violência sexual (exploração e abuso contra crianças e adolescentes que estão ocorrendo nos diversos municípios cearenses, principalmente na região litorânea.

Control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor with contra-rotating rotors under unbalanced loads condition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cheng, Shuangyin; Luo, Derong; Huang, Shoudao

2015-01-01

This study presents an investigation into the control of an axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with contra-rotating rotors fed by a single inverter, which corresponds to two PMSM connected in series. In this study, the mathematic model of the PMSM with contra-rotating rotors...... water vehicle propulsions. The control strategy is implemented on a DSP 28335 processor featured hardware platform and is tested on a 1.2 kW prototype machine. Experimental results validate the correctness of the analysis and control strategy....

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE: REFLEXÃO SOBRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

OpenAIRE

QUITÉRIA CLARICE MAGALHÃES CARVALHO; MARIA VERA LÚCIA MOREIRA LEITÃO CARDOSO; MARIA JOSEFINA DA SILVA; VIOLANTE AUGUSTA BATISTA BRAGA; MARLI TERESINHA GIMENIZ GALVÃO

2008-01-01

La violencia ocupa un destacado lugar en la sociedad moderna y se configura como un problema de salud pública. El objetivo fue narrar sobre las políticas relacionadas a la violencia contra el niño y el adolescente. Estudio documental, reflexivo, entre los años 1982 a 2006. A través de los datos se formuló la siguiente categoría: las políticas públicas frente a la violencia contra niños y adolescentes. Se deduce que la manera como los mismos han sido tratados, oscila entre la negligencia, puni...

Anticuerpos séricos contra la enfermedad de Newcastle e Influenza Aviar en aves rapaces de Chile.

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Daniel González-Acuña

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Detectar la presencia de anticuerpos séricos sanguíneos contra los virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC e Influenza aviar (IA, para comprender la contribución de las aves silvestres en la transmisión de estos virus en Chile. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 63 aves pertenecientes a los órdenes Falconiformes y Strigiformes desde centros de rehabilitación de aves de las zonas central y sur de Chile. Se realizaron las pruebas de inhibición de la hemoaglutinación (IHA para detectar anticuerpos contra el virus ENC e inmunodifusión en gel agar (IDGA y ELISA para IA. Resultados. Se detectaron 14 aves positivas (22.2% para anticuerpos séricos contra el virus de la ENC. En cambio, no se registraron anticuerpos séricos sanguíneos para el virus de la IA. Conclusiones. La presencia de aves rapaces positivas en los centros de rescate a los anticuerpos séricos contra el virus de la ENC puede ser explicada por el consumo de carne de pollos que han sido vacunados contra ENC o consumo de aves que han adquirido directamente el virus vacunal a través de los distintos procedimientos de administración (aerosoles, bebederos de la vacuna o por el ingreso a los centros de rescate de aves rapaces migratorias, las que podrían facilitar la diseminación de la infección desde los países de origen, hecho que debe ser investigado.

Actividad repelente de aceites esenciales contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae

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Elsa Nieves

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Los repelentes naturales de extractos de plantas han mostrado eficacia contra diferentes especies de insectos. El presente estudio evaluó la acción repelente de aceites esenciales extraídos de ocho especies de plantas contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei, vector de Leishmania. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación, utilizando una trampa de Clevenger, a partir de Hyptis suaveolens, Pimenta racemosa, Piper marginatum, Monticalia imbricatifolia, Pseudognaphalium caeruleocanum, Espeletia shultzii, Plectranthus amboinicus y Cinnamomun zeylanicum. Los ensayos de repelencia se realizaron sobre humanos en condiciones de laboratorio, frente a hembras de L. migonei provenientes de colonia, utilizando el método de la mano en la jaula. Los aceites con efecto repelente también se ensayaron con distintos voluntarios y concentraciones. Se determinó el porcentaje de protección y el tiempo de protección. Los resultados revelaron que el aceite de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum fueron los más efectivos. El aceite de P. amboinicus presentó efecto de repelencia satisfactorio, sin embargo, ocasionó picazón y toxicidad en la piel. Los aceites de P. marginatum, H. suaveolens y P. racemosa no evidenciaron efecto repelente; el resto de los aceites presentaron repelencia significativa en grado variable. Los aceites de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum mostraron un 95% de protección de 3h contra las picaduras de L. migonei. El aceite de P. caeruleocanum presentó el mayor tiempo de protección, de más de 4h y de 2h en concentraciones de 50% y 10%, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el aceite P. caeruleocanum podría ser un potencial candidato como repelente natural contra la picadura de dípteros posibles transmisores de Leishmania.

A produção de contra-argumentos na escrita infantil Counterargument in children’s writing

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Selma Leitão

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Pesquisas sobre a produção de textos argumentativos mostram que antecipar contra-argumentos e reagir a estes é uma das principais dificuldades na escrita deste tipo de texto. Este estudo investigou a habilidade de 157 crianças (segunda, quarta e sétima séries gerarem contra-argumentos nos textos que produziam. Observou-se que, embora contra-argumentos apareçam ocasionalmente nos escritos da segunda série, só a partir da quarta essa presença se torna sistemática. Progressos relacionados à idade e escolaridade foram também registrados quanto ao número de contra-argumentos examinados num mesmo texto. A estrutura global dos textos produzidos (narrativo vs. opinativo e o tema discutido não parecem ter afetado a produção de contra-argumentos pelas crianças, embora efeitos destes fatores tenham sido notados sobre o número de idéias usadas pelas mesmas para justificarem suas própria posições. Na discussão destes resultados examina-se o papel de fatores pragmáticos no desenvolvimento de contra-argumentos em textos escritos.Studies on argumentative text writing have shown that anticipating counterargument and reacting to them is one of the hardest demands of argumentative writing. The present study focused on second, fourth, and seventh graders’ ability to generate counterarguments in their writings. The results showed that, although counterarguments appear in some of the second graders’ writings, it is only after the fourth grade that their presence is systematically observed in children’s writing. Age- and schooling-related effects were also noted on the number of counterarguments examined per text. The global structure of the texts produced (a narrative vs. an opinion text did not affect the production of counterargument by children, although a main effect of such factors was noted on the number of ideas children used to justify their own views. The role of pragmatic factors in the development of counterargument in

Vacinação contra influenza e pneumococo na insuficiência cardíaca: uma recomendação pouco aplicada Vacunación contra influenza y neumococo en la insuficiencia cardíaca: una recomendación poco aplicada Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in heart failure: a little applied recommendation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wolney de Andrade Martins

2011-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC cursa com frequentes descompensações e admissões ao serviço de emergência. Vacinação contra Influenza (INF e Pneumococo (PNM são recomendadas nas diretrizes, entretanto, as infecções respiratórias são a terceira causa de hospitalização na IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência da vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC na rede pública. MÉTODOS: Em estudo observacional realizado em Teresópolis, região serrana fluminense, foram utilizadas três estratégias: (I estudo das requisições para vacina contra INF e/ou PNM na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, entre 2004 e 2006; (II inquérito direto a 61 pacientes com IC atendidos na atenção básica sobre sua situação vacinal contra INF e PNM; (III inquérito direto sobre situação vacinal contra INF e PNM a 81 pacientes com IC crônica descompensada atendidos na única emergência aberta à rede pública. RESULTADOS: Na estratégia I, a vacinação contra INF e/ou PNM foi de 15,3% daqueles com indicações por doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias. A mediana do tempo entre a indicação e a vacinação foi de 32 dias. Na estratégia II, o percentual de vacinados contra INF, com idade > 60 anos, foi de 23,1%, e de 24,6% contra PMN em todas as idades. Na estratégia III, o percentual de pacientes vacinados contra INF foi de 35,8% e contra PNM foi de 2,5%. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de vacinação contra INF e PNM em pacientes com IC é muito baixa e ainda menor naqueles descompensados atendidos em serviço de emergência.FUNDAMENTO: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC cursa con frecuentes descompensaciones y admisiones al servicio de emergencia. Vacunación contra Influenza (INF y Neumococo (PNM son recomendadas en las directrices, entre tanto, las infecciones respiratorias son la tercera causa de hospitalización en la IC. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la frecuencia de la vacunación contra INF y PNM en pacientes con IC en la red pública. MÉTODOS: En

Digital database of microfossil localities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California

Science.gov (United States)

McDougall, Kristin; Block, Debra L.

2014-01-01

The eastern San Francisco Bay region (Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, California) is a geologically complex area divided by faults into a suite of tectonic blocks. Each block contains a unique stratigraphic sequence of Tertiary sediments that in most blocks unconformably overlie Mesozoic sediments. Age and environmental interpretations based on analysis of microfossil assemblages are key factors in interpreting geologic history, structure, and correlation of each block. Much of this data, however, is distributed in unpublished internal reports and memos, and is generally unavailable to the geologic community. In this report the U.S. Geological Survey microfossil data from the Tertiary sediments of Alameda and Contra Costa counties are analyzed and presented in a digital database, which provides a user-friendly summary of the micropaleontologic data, locality information, and biostratigraphic and ecologic interpretations.

Perspectiva psicosocial en adolescentes acusados por delitos contra la salud y robo

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José Guadalupe Salazar Estrada

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Nuestro objetivo en este estudio es identificar condiciones de vida de los sujetos adolescentes acusados de cometer delitos contra la salud y robo, desde una perspectiva psicosocial. Se estudiaron un total de 122 expedientes, de los cuales el 50% son acusados y acusadas por delitos contra la salud, y el otro 50% por robo; el 70% de los hombres y el 68.2% de las mujeres han consumido un tipo drogas, un 66 % del total de la muestra presentó poca tolerancia a la frustración, el 60 % tiene un manejo inadecuado de la afectividad, con una diferencia significativa cuando se estudia por tipo de delito. Entre las diferencias encontradas, las condiciones psicológicas como la personalidad, están más asociadas a la delincuencia juvenil.

Aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra el virus papiloma humano en padres de adolescentes, en colombia

OpenAIRE

Wiesner, Carolina; Piñeros, Marion; Cortés, Claudia; Jaime Ardila, Jaime Ardila

2012-01-01

Objetivo La vacuna contra el VPH es una nueva tecnología disponible para el control del cáncer de cuello uterino. Se espera, que en el menor tiempo posible esta vacuna pueda tener cobertura universal. Este artículo presenta la aceptabilidad que tiene los padres de adolescentes en Colombia hacia la vacuna contra el VPH y hace una aproximación a sus determinantes. Métodos Estudio cualitativo en cuatro regiones en Colombia. Se realizaron 17 grupos focales con padres de niñas y niños entre 11 a 1...

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the catalytic domain of a novel chitinase, a member of GH family 23, from the moderately thermophilic bacterium Ralstonia sp. A-471

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okazaki, Nobuo; Arimori, Takao; Nakazawa, Masami; Miyatake, Kazutaka; Ueda, Mitsuhiro; Tamada, Taro

2011-01-01

The catalytic domain of a novel chitinase, which is a member of GH family 23, from the moderately thermophilic bacterium Ralstonia sp. A-471 was crystallized and diffraction data were collected to 1.85 Å resolution. Chitinase from the moderately thermophilic bacterium Ralstonia sp. A-471 (Ra-ChiC) is divided into two domains: a chitin-binding domain (residues 36–80) and a catalytic domain (residues 103–252). Although the catalytic domain of Ra-ChiC has homology to goose-type lysozyme, Ra-ChiC does not show lysozyme activity but does show chitinase activity. The catalytic domain with part of an interdomain loop (Ra-ChiC 89–252 ) was crystallized under several different conditions using polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The crystals diffracted to 1.85 Å resolution and belonged to space group P6 1 22 or P6 5 22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 100, c = 243 Å. The calculated Matthews coefficient was approximately 3.2, 2.4 or 1.9 Å 3 Da −1 assuming the presence of three, four or five Ra-ChiC 89–252 molecules in the asymmetric unit, respectively

Greenhouse evaluation of Bacillus subtilis AP-01 and Trichoderma harzianum AP-001 in controlling tobacco diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Maketon, Monchan; Apisitsantikul, Jirasak; Siriraweekul, Chatchai

2008-04-01

Two biological control agents, Bacillus subtilis AP-01 (Larminar(™)) and Trichoderma harzianum AP-001 (Trisan(™)) alone or/in combination were investigated in controlling three tobacco diseases, including bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), damping-off (Pythium aphanidermatum), and frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora nicotiana). Tests were performed in greenhouse by soil sterilization prior to inoculation of the pathogens. Bacterial-wilt and damping off pathogens were drenched first and followed with the biological control agents and for comparison purposes, two chemical fungicides. But for frogeye leaf spot, which is an airborne fungus, a spraying procedure for every treatment including a chemical fungicide was applied instead of drenching. Results showed that neither B. subtilis AP-01 nor T harzianum AP-001 alone could control the bacterial wilt, but when combined, their controlling capabilities were as effective as a chemical treatment. These results were also similar for damping-off disease when used in combination. In addition, the combined B. subtilis AP-01 and T. harzianum AP-001 resulted in a good frogeye leaf spot control, which was not significantly different from the chemical treatment.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl) propyl)piperidine derivatives against pathogens of Lycopersicon esculentum: a structure-activity evaluation study.

Science.gov (United States)

Vinaya, K; Kavitha, R; Ananda Kumar, C S; Benaka Prasad, S B; Chandrappa, S; Deepak, S A; Nanjunda Swamy, S; Umesha, S; Rangappa, K S

2009-01-01

Several 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine derivatives 8(a-j) were prepared by the treatment of substituted benzhydryl chlorides with 4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine followed by N-sulfonation with sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of dry methylene dichloride and triethyl amine. The synthesized compounds were characterized by (1)H-NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents by artificial inoculation technique against standard strains of two important bacterial viz., Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum as well as and two fungal pathogens namely Alternaria solani and Fusarium solani of tomato plants. We have briefly investigated the structure-activity relation studies and reveal that the nature of substitutions on benzhydryl ring and sulfonamide ring influences the antibacterial activity. Among the synthesized new compounds 8b, 8d, 8g, 8h, 8i, and 8j were showed significant potent antimicrobial activities compared to the standard drugs chloramphenicol, mancozeb.

Effect of organic fertilizers prepared from organic waste materials on the production of antibacterial volatile organic compounds by two biocontrol Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains.

Science.gov (United States)

Raza, Waseem; Wei, Zhong; Ling, Ning; Huang, Qiwei; Shen, Qirong

2016-06-10

Three organic fertilizers made of different animal and plant waste materials (BOFs) were evaluated for their effects on the production of antibacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by two Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains SQR-9 and T-5 against the tomato wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (RS). Both strains could produce VOCs that inhibited the growth and virulence traits of RS; however, in the presence of BOFs, the production of antibacterial VOCs was significantly increased. The maximum inhibition of growth and virulence traits of RS by VOCs of T-5 and SQR-9 was determined at 1.5% BOF2 and 2% BOF3, respectively. In case of strain T-5, 2-nonanone, nonanal, xylene, benzothiazole, and butylated hydroxy toluene and in case of strain SQR-9, 2-nonanone, nonanal, xylene and 2-undecanone were the main antibacterial VOCs whose production was increased in the presence of BOFs. The results of this study reveal another significance of using organic fertilizers to improve the antagonistic activity of biocontrol agents against phytopathogens. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A prophage tail-like protein is deployed by Burkholderia bacteria to feed on fungi.

Science.gov (United States)

Swain, Durga Madhab; Yadav, Sunil Kumar; Tyagi, Isha; Kumar, Rahul; Kumar, Rajeev; Ghosh, Srayan; Das, Joyati; Jha, Gopaljee

2017-09-01

Some bacteria can feed on fungi, a phenomenon known as mycophagy. Here we show that a prophage tail-like protein (Bg_9562) is essential for mycophagy in Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1. The purified protein causes hyphal disintegration and inhibits growth of several fungal species. Disruption of the Bg_9562 gene abolishes mycophagy. Bg_9562 is a potential effector secreted by a type III secretion system (T3SS) and is translocated into fungal mycelia during confrontation. Heterologous expression of Bg_9562 in another bacterial species, Ralstonia solanacearum, confers mycophagous ability in a T3SS-dependent manner. We propose that the ability to feed on fungi conferred by Bg_9562 may help the bacteria to survive in certain ecological niches. Furthermore, considering its broad-spectrum antifungal activity, the protein may be potentially useful in biotechnological applications to control fungal diseases.Some bacteria can feed on live fungi through unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors show that a T3SS-secreted protein, which is homologous to phage tail proteins, allows a Burkholderia gladioli strain to kill and feed on various fungal species.

Hijacking of the host SCF ubiquitin ligase machinery by plant pathogens

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Shimpei eMagori

2011-11-01

Full Text Available The SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase complex mediates polyubiquitination of proteins targeted for degradation, thereby controlling a plethora of biological processes in eukaryotic cells. Although this ubiquitination machinery is found and functional only in eukaryotes, many non-eukaryotic pathogens also encode F-box proteins, the critical subunits of the SCF complex. Increasing evidence indicates that such non-eukaryotic F-box proteins play an essential role in subverting or exploiting the host ubiquitin/proteasome system for efficient pathogen infection. A recent bioinformatic analysis has identified more than 70 F-box proteins in 22 different bacterial species, suggesting that use of pathogen-encoded F-box effectors in the host cell may be a widespread infection strategy. In this review, we focus on plant pathogen-encoded F-box effectors, such as VirF of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, GALAs of Ralstonia solanacearum, and P0 of Poleroviruses, and discuss the molecular mechanism by which plant pathogens use these factors to manipulate the host cell for their own benefit.

La violencia de género contra las mujeres en Yucatán

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Leticia Janet Paredes Guerrero

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Se analizan los tipos de violencia: doméstica, institucional y feminicida, usando el concepto de “violencia de género contra las mujeres”, en combinación con las dimensiones de la violencia propuestas por Johan Galtung: interpersonal, estructural y cultural/simbólica, para demostrar que la violencia de género contra las mujeres en el estado de Yucatán, México, se ejerce no sólo en el hogar, sino también en las instituciones y en las representaciones colectivas, espacios en los que todavía se concibe a la mujer como un símbolo objeto, lo cual condiciona la aparición de conductas de violencia extrema que potencialmente desembocan en feminicidio.

Efeito da solarização e biofumigação, durante o outono, na incidência de murcha-bacteriana e produtividade da batata Effect of soil solarization and biofumigation during autumn on bacterial wilt incidence and potato yield

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Mírian Josefina Baptista

2006-03-01

Full Text Available A murcha-bacteriana causada por Ralstonia solanacearum é uma das principais doenças da cultura da batata. A solarização tem sido estudada como opção para a desinfestação do solo e tem potencial para o controle da murcha bacteriana. A técnica é indicada para uso nas estações quentes do ano pois depende de condições climáticas adequadas. Devido ao período de plantio de determinadas culturas, é interessante avaliar o uso da solarização em outras épocas do ano e associada a outras técnicas para garantir sua eficiência. A biofumigação é a desinfestação do solo através da adição de matéria orgânica que, durante sua decomposição, libera substâncias tóxicas aos fitopatógenos. Neste trabalho avaliou-se durante o outono (maio a junho os efeitos da adição de cama de aves (biofumigação e da solarização na incidência natural da murcha-bacteriana e na produtividade da batata, através dos tratamentos: adição de cama de aves (20 t/ha, uréia (100 kg/ha, aplicação de brometo de metila e solo sem tratamento (testemunha, todos solarizados ou não solarizados. Avaliou-se a produção de tubérculos totais e comerciais e, a partir da incidência de murcha-bacteriana, foi feito o cálculo da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD. Na área infestada, apenas o uso do brometo de metila proporcionou reduções significativas na incidência da murcha-bacteriana. No entanto, a aplicação de brometo de metila e a adição de cama de aves em associação com a solarização possibilitaram produção significativamente maior de tubérculos de batata em relação à testemunha. Os efeitos da solarização associada à biofumigação com cama de aves sobre a produtividade da batata em área infestada com R. solanacearum devem ser melhor investigados.Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases of the potato. Soil solarization has been studied as an option for soilborne

Efectividad de la vacuna VA-MENGOC-BC® contra cepas heterólogas de meningococo B

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Rolando Ochoa-Azze

2016-08-01

Full Text Available La efectividad de las vacunas de vesículas de membrana externa de Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo B ha sido cuestionada por algunos investigadores, limitándola a la cepa vacunal. VA-MENGOC-BC® es una vacuna antimeningocócica basada en dicha tecnología. Presentamos un metaanálisis de estudios realizados en diferentes contextos epidemiológicos, evaluando su efectividad contra cepas heterólogas de meningococo B en varios grupos de edades. Se demuestra que la vacuna es efectiva contra cepas homólogas, heterólogas y de diferentes complejos clonales.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates production with Ralstonia eutropha from low quality waste animal fats.

Science.gov (United States)

Riedel, Sebastian L; Jahns, Stefan; Koenig, Steven; Bock, Martina C E; Brigham, Christopher J; Bader, Johannes; Stahl, Ulf

2015-11-20

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters considered as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. Ralstonia eutropha is a model organism for PHA production. Utilizing industrially rendered waste animal fats as inexpensive carbon feedstocks for PHA production is demonstrated here. An emulsification strategy, without any mechanical or chemical pre-treatment, was developed to increase the bioavailability of solid, poorly-consumable fats. Wild type R. eutropha strain H16 produced 79-82% (w/w) polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) per cell dry weight (CDW) when cultivated on various fats. A productivity of 0.3g PHB/(L × h) with a total PHB production of 24 g/L was achieved using tallow as carbon source. Using a recombinant strain of R. eutropha that produces poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)], 49-72% (w/w) of PHA per CDW with a HHx content of 16-27 mol% were produced in shaking flask experiments. The recombinant strain was grown on waste animal fat of the lowest quality available at lab fermenter scale, resulting in 45 g/L CDW with 60% (w/w) PHA per CDW and a productivity of 0.4 g PHA/(L × h). The final HHx content of the polymer was 19 mol%. The use of low quality waste animal fats as an inexpensive carbon feedstock exhibits a high potential to accelerate the commercialization of PHAs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vacunación contra la fiebre amarilla en Colombia

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Hugh H. Smith

1940-07-01

Full Text Available El primer método efectivo de vacunación contra la fiebre amarilla que pudo ser adaptado para uso humano se basó en el trabajo de Theiler, quien en 1930 anuncio una marcada variación en el virus de la fiebre amarilla producida por pases consecutivos en cerebro de ratón blanco. Se hallo que este virus de cerebro de ratón, aunque poseía un neurotropismo aumentado, había perdido mucho viscerotropismo, Io cual sugirió su empleo como agente antigénico en la vacunación contra la fiebre amarilla. En 1931, Sawyer, Kitchen y Lloyd (2 anunciaron un método de vacunación en el que se usaba virus de cerebro de ratón simultáneamente como dosis adecuada de suero humano inmune para contrarrestar la actividad patógena de aquel. Este método de vacunación cumplió con su finalidad inmediata que era terminar con la gran serie de infección y muerte entre los investigadores de la fiebre amarilla, pero no era practico para uso en grande escala en el control de la fiebre amarilla, a causa de la dificultad de obtener y administrar la cantidad de suero inmune requerida.

Violência Contra Idosos na Família: Motivações, Sentimentos e Necessidades do Agressor

OpenAIRE

Silva,Cirlene Francisca Sales; Dias,Cristina Maria de Souza Brito

2016-01-01

Resumo O aumento mundial da população idosa tem sido acompanhado por importantes demandas, dentre elas a violência contra a pessoa idosa, que merece especial atenção devido às sequelas físicas e psicológicas que acarreta. A literatura tem focalizado mais o idoso agredido, pouco se detendo ao agressor. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar a violência contra idosos na família, da perspectiva do agressor, especificamente as motivações que os impeliram à violência, os sentimentos e as n...

Influencia del bloqueo directo y el uno contra uno en el éxito del lanzamiento en baloncesto

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Verónica Muñoz Arroyave

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto del uno contra uno y el bloqueo directo sobre la eficacia en los lanzamientos. Se desarrolló un instrumento ad hoc denominado sistema de observación de conceptos fundamentales en baloncesto (SOCFB para estudiar las acciones ofensivas del Fútbol Club Barcelona Regal en la Copa del Rey en la temporada 2013-2014. Se analizaron un total de 643 acciones ofensivas donde se destacan los siguientes hallazgos: a el 34 % de las acciones del jugador con balón finalizaron en lanzamiento mientras que el 66 % terminaron en pases; b la principal consecuencia del uno contra uno interior fueron los lanzamientos (z = 6,2, p < 0,001; c en el uno contra uno exterior se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas con el espacio exterior de la zona (z = 3,3, p < 0,001 y la lateralidad del espacio lateral izquierdo (z = 2, p <0,05; d en el bloqueo directo se observaron relaciones estadísticamente significativas con las acciones que no finalizaron. De estos resultados podemos extraer las siguientes conclusiones: a el bloqueo directo es el concepto más utilizado y fue utilizado como medio para la generación de ventajas; b el uno contra uno interior genera más lanzamientos y de mayor efectividad.

Effect of time step size and turbulence model on the open water hydrodynamic performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Zhan-zhi; Xiong, Ying

2013-04-01

A growing interest has been devoted to the contra-rotating propellers (CRPs) due to their high propulsive efficiency, torque balance, low fuel consumption, low cavitations, low noise performance and low hull vibration. Compared with the single-screw system, it is more difficult for the open water performance prediction because forward and aft propellers interact with each other and generate a more complicated flow field around the CRPs system. The current work focuses on the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers by RANS and sliding mesh method considering the effect of computational time step size and turbulence model. The validation study has been performed on two sets of contra-rotating propellers developed by David W Taylor Naval Ship R & D center. Compared with the experimental data, it shows that RANS with sliding mesh method and SST k-ω turbulence model has a good precision in the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers, and small time step size can improve the level of accuracy for CRPs with the same blade number of forward and aft propellers, while a relatively large time step size is a better choice for CRPs with different blade numbers.

Parental Influence, Youth Contra-Culture and Rural Adolescent Attitudes Toward Negroes.

Science.gov (United States)

Hough, Richard L.; And Others

High school students and heads of households in rural areas of Illinois were studied with respect to their attitudes toward Negroes. The hypothesis used was that a youth subculture or "contra-culture" did serve as an important socializing agent in forming the attitudes of students toward Negroes. Results indicated that there was only…

O que o reumatologista deve saber sobre a vacina contra febre amarela

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Ana Cristina Vanderley Oliveira

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Os pacientes portadores de doenças reumáticas são mais suscetíveis à infecção, quer seja pela própria doença de base ou pelo tratamento empregado. É papel do reumatologista prevenir as infecções nesse grupo de pacientes e, dentre as estratégias empregadas, encontra-se a vacinação. No grupo das doenças infecciosas que podem ser prevenidas está a febre amarela. Sua vacina é segura e eficaz na população em geral, mas, assim como as vacinas contendo organismos vivos atenuados, deve ser evitada sempre que possível em portadores de doenças reumáticas em uso de medicamentos imunossupressores. Sendo a febre amarela endêmica em grande parte do Brasil, e estando a vacinação contra essa doença indicada para a população residente em extensa parte do território nacional (além dos viajantes para essas regiões, torna-se essencial que o reumatologista tenha conhecimento da doença, das indicações e contraindicações da vacina contra a febre amarela. Nosso artigo tem o objetivo de destacar os principais aspectos que o reumatologista precisa conhecer sobre a vacina contra a febre amarela, para decidir por sua indicação ou contraindicação após avaliação do risco-benefício em situações específicas.

Una vacuna contra la tuberculosi, provada en cabres

OpenAIRE

Pérez del Val, Bernat

2012-01-01

Investigadors del CReSA han dut a terme el primer estudi de vacunació contra la tuberculosi utilitzant com a model experimental la cabra domèstica, que reprodueix amb molta similitud la resposta a la tuberculosi en humans. La vacuna, anomenada AdAg85A, ha estat dissenyada per investigadors de McMaster University (Canadà) per prevenir la tuberculosi en humans, i actualment es troba en fase I d’assajos clínics. De moment, aquest estudi mostra que la inoculació d’aquesta nova vacuna, com a refor...

Tamanho do tubérculo-semente de batata não interfere na manifestação da murcha bacteriana Potato seed tuber size does not interfere with the incidence of potato bacterial wilt

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Carlos A Lopes

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A batata-semente é comercializada no Brasil em diferentes tamanhos, conforme determinação do MAPA, variando do tipo 0 (zero, com tubérculos acima de 60 mm, até o tipo V, com tubérculos menores que 23 mm. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito do tamanho do tubérculo da batata-semente na manifestação da murcha bacteriana nas cultivares Agata, BRS Ana, Asterix e Bintje, em campo naturalmente infestado com Ralstonia solanacearum, em Brasília-DF. Foram usados tubérculos pequenos, médios e grandes, com aproximadamente 30, 50 e 90 mm em média, tamanhos correspondentes respectivamente aos tipos IV, II e 0 das normas do MAPA. Diferenças significativas quanto à incidência da doença foram encontradas entre cultivares: BRS Ana e Asterix não diferiram entre si e foram mais resistentes que Agata e Bintje que, por sua vez, tampouco diferiram entre si. As diferenças entre tamanhos de tubérculos e as interações entre cultivar e tamanho de tubérculos não foram significativas. Portanto concluiu-se que o tamanho de tubérculos dentro dos limites avaliados neste trabalho, não interferiu na manifestação da doença em testes de avaliação para resistência à murcha bacteriana.Potato seed tubers in Brazil are commercialized in different sizes as determined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. The sizes are classified in types, which vary from type 0 (zero, tubers above 60 mm, up to type V, tubers below 23 mm. In this work, we evaluated the influence of seed tuber size on the incidence of bacterial wilt on cultivars Agata, BRS Ana, Asterix, and Bintje, grown in a field naturally infested with Ralstonia solanacearum, in Brasilia, Brazil. We used small, medium and large tubers, measuring in average 30, 50 and 90 mm, which correspond respectively to types IV, II and 0 according to the Brazilian legislation. Significant differences in bacterial wilt incidences were detected among cultivars: BRS Ana and Asterix did not

Fontes de resistência à murcha bacteriana em germoplasma de Capsicum spp. do estado do Amazonas Sources of resistance against bacterial wilt in Capsicum spp. germoplasm of the Amazonas state

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Liane Cristine Rebouças Demosthenes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A murcha bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, é uma das doenças mais importantes do gênero Capsicum no Brasil. No Amazonas, as condições de elevada temperatura e umidade favorecem o desenvolvimento da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência à murcha bacteriana de germoplasma, selvagem e comercial, de Capsicum spp. Foram avaliados 22 acessos de Capsicum em casa de vegetação. A inoculação foi feita mediante ferimento das raízes, seguido de adição no solo, ao redor das plantas, de suspensão bacteriana na concentração de 10(8 ufc mL-1. A avaliação foi feita diariamente a partir do quarto dia após a inoculação, em função desenvolvimento dos sintomas. A partir das médias de progresso dos sintomas foi construída a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD, e os dados submetidos ao teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, utilizando o programa estatístico SAEG 9.1. Foram selecionados os acessos 30, 20 e 17, da espécie C. chinense, como resistentes à murcha bacteriana para ensaios futuros em programas de melhoramento genético.The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important in the genus Capsicum in Brazil. In the state of Amazonas, high temperatures and humidity favor the development of the disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance in germoplasm of wild and commercial Capsicum spp. to bacterial wilt. Twenty two accesses of Capsicum spp. were evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The inoculation was made by means of wounds in the roots, followed by addition of bacterial suspension in the concentration of 10(8 ufc ml-1 in the soil, around the plants. Plant evaluation was made daily after the fourth day of the inoculation (DAI considering the symptoms progress. From the average progress of symptoms was constructed the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC, and the data submitted to the Scott-Knott test at 5% of

Violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: Revisâo sistemática

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Alanna de Medeiros Pinheiro Cachina

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Essa revisâo sistemática de literatura foi realizada em bases de periódicos nacionais, entre Junho/2015 e Fevereiro/2016, utilizando os descritores: «violência intrafamiliar e idoso» e «maus-tratos e idoso», com a finalidade de identificar as frequências dos estudos, anos de publicaçôes, principais dificuldades da rede e como o problema da violência é percebido pelos participantes dos estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos sobre violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, identificando dificuldades e formas de enfrentamento encontradas pela rede de proteçâo ao idoso vítima de violência. No método, utilizaram-se como critérios de seleçâo: artigos que abordassem a temática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, nâo duplicidade e publicaçôes nacionais. Foram identificados 17 artigos distintos, publicados entre 2007 e 2014. Os resultados apontaram como principais dificuldades no que se refere ao enfrentamento da problemática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: subnotificaçâo, ausência de fluxo entre os órgâos da rede de proteçâo, falta de preparo das equipes de saúde para lidar com a problemática e carência de estrutura para se trabalhar com esta demanda. Já no que se refere às formas de enfrentamento mais recorrentes, as estratégias mais apontadas foram: articulaçâo entre os serviços de proteçâo à pessoa idosa, fortalecimento do apoio ao idoso e sua família, investimento na capacitaçâo dos profissionais de saúde e açôes voltadas para a atençâo ao cuidador.

Actividad contra Leishmania sp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) de plantas en una Reserva Biológica de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Misael Chinchilla-Carmona; Idalia Valerio-Campos; Ronald Sánchez-Porras; Vanessa Bagnarello-Madrigal; Laura Martínez-Esquivel; Antonieta González-Paniagua; Javier Alpizar-Cordero; Maribel Cordero-Villalobos; Daniela Rodríguez-Chaves

2014-01-01

La leishmaniosis es una enfermedad muy importante para el ser humano pero su tratamiento es bastante difícil. Por esta razón muchos investigadores han venido buscando plantas que contengan componentes químicos activos contra esta parasitosis. En Costa Rica no se tienen estudios al respecto y por eso el objetivo de este estudio fue la búsqueda de componentes activos contra Leishmania sp. en plantas de Costa Rica; 67 especies de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB) fueron selecci...

(Invisibilidade da violência contra as mulheres na saúde mental

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Mariana Pedrosa

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento acerca da percepção, crenças e conhecimentos sobre violência contra as mulheres e políticas públicas em profissionais de saúde mental. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas e, a partir da análise de seus conteúdos, foram criadas cinco categorias: “percepção das demandas apresentadas por homens e mulheres”, “experiência no atendimento a mulheres que sofreram violência”, “relação entre violência e saúde mental”, “conhecimento sobre a Lei Maria da Penha e políticas públicas para as mulheres” e “(desconhecimento da notificação compulsória da violência contra as mulheres”. Os profissionais apresentaram dificuldade para lidar com o tema, principalmente relacionada à notificação da violência e ao encaminhamento do caso. A atuação é baseada na intuição e não em conhecimentos teórico práticos.

Ralstonia eutropha's Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) polymerase PhaC1 and PHB depolymerase PhaZa1 are phosphorylated in vivo.

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Jüngert, Janina R; Patterson, Cameron; Jendrossek, Dieter

2018-04-20

In this study, we screened PHB synthase PhaC1 and PHB depolymerase PhaZa1 of Ralstonia eutropha for the presence of phosphorylated residues during the PHB accumulation and PHB degradation phase. Thr373 of PHB synthase PhaC1 was phosphorylated in the stationary growth phase but was not modified in the exponential and PHB accumulation phases. Ser35 of PHB depolymerase PhaZa1 was identified in phosphorylated form both in the exponential and in the stationary growth phase. Additional phosphosites were identified for both proteins in sample-dependent forms. Site-directed mutagenesis of the codon for Thr373 and other phosphosites of PhaC1 revealed a strong negative impact on PHB synthase activity. Modification of Thr26 and Ser35 of PhaZa1 reduced the ability of R. eutropha to mobilize PHB in the stationary growth phase. Our results show that phosphorylation of PhaC1 and PhaZa1 can be important for modulation of the activities of PHB synthase and PHB depolymerase. Importance Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and related polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are important intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds in many prokaryotes. The accumulation of PHB or PHAs increases the fitness of cells during periods of starvation and other stress conditions. The simultaneous presence of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthase (PhaC1) and PHB depolymerase (PhaZa1) on synthesized PHB granules in Ralstonia eutropha (alternative designation Cupriavidus necator ) has been previously shown in several laboratories. These findings imply that the activities of PHB synthase and PHB depolymerase should be regulated to avoid a futile cycle of simultaneous synthesis and degradation of PHB. Here, we addressed this question by identifying phosphorylation sites on PhaC1 and PhaZa1 and by site-directed mutagenesis of identified residues. Furthermore, we conducted in vitro and in vivo analysis of PHB synthase activity and PHB contents. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.

Violencia contra la mujer en feminicidio en el periodo 2009- 2014 por regiones en el Perú

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Torres Castillo, Rosa María

2017-01-01

La presente investigación “Violencia Contra la Mujer en Feminicidio en el periodo 2009 -2014 por regiones en el Perú” tuvo como objetivo general determinar las diferencias existentes en los casos de violencia contra la mujer en Feminicidio que se han producido en el quinquenio 2009-2014 por regiones en el Perú. La población estuvo conformada por las estadísticas de feminicidios de los años 2009-2014, la muestra censal considero toda la población, en los cuales se han emplead...

Alta frecuencia de serología positiva contra toxocara en un hospital pediátrico del Perú

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Edwin Miranda-Choque

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las enfermedades zoonóticas trasmitidas por animales domésticos pueden ser consideradas como problema en salud pública en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de serología positiva contra toxocara en niños con sospecha clínica de toxocariasis. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo trasversal. Institución: Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Niños con serología positiva para toxocara. Métodos: Se estudió los casos positivos para toxocara por serología, en el periodo 2007 a 2010. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencia y características de los casos seropositivos contra toxocara. Resultados: De 242 casos con sospecha de toxocara, 148 (61,2% fueron seropositivos contra toxocara, siendo la media de edad 6,8 (DE 3,8 años; el grupo etario de 2 a 10 correspondió a 69,6%; el motivo de consulta fue la eosinofilia en 70,9%. Conclusiones: El INSN atiende niños con una alta frecuencia de serología positiva contra toxocara, en pacientes sospechosos por esta enfermedad; esto ocurre principalmente en los niños de 2 a 10 años, hallándose aumento de los eosinófilos.

PHB granules are attached to the nucleoid via PhaM in Ralstonia eutropha.

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Wahl, Andreas; Schuth, Nora; Pfeiffer, Daniel; Nussberger, Stephan; Jendrossek, Dieter

2012-11-16

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules are important storage compounds of carbon and energy in many prokaryotes which allow survival of the cells in the absence of suitable carbon sources. Formation and subcellular localization of PHB granules was previously assumed to occur randomly in the cytoplasm of PHB accumulating bacteria. However, contradictionary results on subcellular localization of PHB granules in Ralstonia eutropha were published, recently. Here, we provide evidence by transmission electron microscopy that PHB granules are localized in close contact to the nucleoid region in R. eutropha during growth on nutrient broth. Binding of PHB granules to the nucleoid is mediated by PhaM, a PHB granule associated protein with phasin-like properties that is also able to bind to DNA and to phasin PhaP5. Over-expression of PhaM resulted in formation of many small PHB granules that were always attached to the nucleoid region. In contrast, PHB granules of ∆phaM strains became very large and distribution of granules to daughter cells was impaired. Association of PHB granules to the nucleoid region was prevented by over-expression of PhaP5 and clusters of several PHB granules were mainly localized near the cell poles. Subcellular localization of PHB granules is controlled in R. eutropha and depends on the presence and concentrations of at least two PHB granule associated proteins, PhaM and PhaP5.

Revisar Ley contra la Trata de Personas y Creación de la Coalición Nacional contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Migrantes y Trata de Personas, desde el enfoque de Derechos Humanos

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Artavia Campos, Silvia Elena

2014-01-01

Esta investigación cualitativa, de tipo normal y socio-jurídica, se toma como base el análisis de la Ley 9095, Ley contra la Trata de Personas y Creación de la Coalición Nacional contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Migrantes y Trata de Personas, publicada en el año 2013, a la luz de los derechos promulgados en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos. Además aprovecho mi experiencia profesional, durante la realización de la presente investigación, mi trabajo consiste en la atención integral d...

Sistemas de protección individual contra caídas: criterios de instalación y uso

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Carrión Jackson, Elena

2016-01-01

“Sistemas de protección individual contra caídas: Legislación, definiciones y equipos”. Dentro del sector de la construcción, el riesgo de caída a distinto nivel en trabajos de altura supone un elevado número de accidentes mortales, que en muchos casos son debidos al desconocimiento de los sistemas de protección o a una incorrecta elección de sus componentes. Desde el punto de vista normativo UNE-EN 363:2099 Sistemas de protección individual contra caídas, describe y detalla cinco sistemas no...

Luta Armada na Psicologia: Prática de Classe contra o Terrorismo de Estado

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Juberto Antonio Massud de Souza

Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo retomar parte da historiografia sobre os psicólogos e estudantes de Psicologia que integraram agrupamentos armados contra o golpe de classe de 1964. Para tal, consideramos que o processo de desenvolvimento da Psicologia, enquanto ciência e profissão, mostra-se interligado nas múltiplas contradições da formação da classe trabalhadora brasileira. Partindo dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do materialismo histórico-dialético, recompomos, no plano ideal, parte do movimento real produzido pela ação daqueles sujeitos. Resgatamos as trajetórias das pessoas que participaram da luta armada contra o terrorismo de estado a partir de casos ilustrativos que nos mostram suas presenças em organizações políticas das quais fizeram parte. Para tal, reconstruímos este movimento a partir das publicações existentes. Concluímos que existe um elo entre a vanguarda da luta armada, com a presença de algumas frações da Psicologia, composta majoritariamente por sua juventude, e a construção contraditória dentro da própria profissão no Brasil. Ambos são momentos da totalidade da história da Psicologia, que mostra a maneira pela qual alguns importantes setores posicionaram-se na luta contra a ditadura civil-militar.

La violencia contra mujeres en comunidades transnacionales de San Luis Potosí, México: un problema de salud pública

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Yesica Yolanda Rangel Flores

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La violencia contra las mujeres es un problema mundial, dado el impacto que tiene en la calidad de vida de quienes la viven, bajo la complicidad de una cultura patriarcal y un Estado que la invisibiliza. Este artículo busca hacer visibles los contextos de violencia en que viven mujeres "parejas de migrantes" en las localidades de origen, problematizando cómo atentan contra su salud física y mental. Se trató de un estudio cualitativo con enfoque en la antropología interpretativa, con 21 mujeres de localidades rurales y urbanas de San Luis Potosí, México; se aplicaron entrevistas desde el marco de historia de la vida cotidiana y análisis de discurso. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres viven mayor violencia cuando sus parejas migran, nuevas formas de violencia se cometen contra ellas, y los ámbitos en que la sufren incluyen el doméstico y el comunitario. La violencia contra las mujeres constituye un problema de salud pública que debe atenderse desde un marco sensible a las dinámicas sociales y culturales que caracterizan los contextos en que se aplican los programas de salud.

Genomic sequence of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' haplotype C and its comparison with haplotype A and B genomes.

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Jinhui Wang

Full Text Available Haplotypes A and B of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (CLso are associated with diseases of solanaceous plants, especially Zebra chip disease of potato, and haplotypes C, D and E are associated with symptoms on apiaceous plants. To date, one complete genome of haplotype B and two high quality draft genomes of haplotype A have been obtained for these unculturable bacteria using metagenomics from the psyllid vector Bactericera cockerelli. Here, we present the first genomic sequences obtained for the carrot-associated CLso. These two genomic sequences of haplotype C, FIN114 (1.24 Mbp and FIN111 (1.20 Mbp, were obtained from carrot psyllids (Trioza apicalis harboring CLso. Genomic comparisons between the haplotypes A, B and C revealed that the genome organization differs between these haplotypes, due to large inversions and other recombinations. Comparison of protein-coding genes indicated that the core genome of CLso consists of 885 ortholog groups, with the pan-genome consisting of 1327 ortholog groups. Twenty-seven ortholog groups are unique to CLso haplotype C, whilst 11 ortholog groups shared by the haplotypes A and B, are not found in the haplotype C. Some of these ortholog groups that are not part of the core genome may encode functions related to interactions with the different host plant and psyllid species.

Lipid and fatty acid metabolism in Ralstonia eutropha: relevance for the biotechnological production of value-added products.

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Riedel, Sebastian L; Lu, Jingnan; Stahl, Ulf; Brigham, Christopher J

2014-02-01

Lipid and fatty acid metabolism has been well studied in model microbial organisms like Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The major precursor of fatty acid biosynthesis is also the major product of fatty acid degradation (β-oxidation), acetyl-CoA, which is a key metabolite for all organisms. Controlling carbon flux to fatty acid biosynthesis and from β-oxidation allows for the biosynthesis of natural products of biotechnological importance. Ralstonia eutropha can utilize acetyl-CoA from fatty acid metabolism to produce intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). R. eutropha can also be engineered to utilize fatty acid metabolism intermediates to produce different PHA precursors. Metabolism of lipids and fatty acids can be rerouted to convert carbon into other value-added compounds like biofuels. This review discusses the lipid and fatty acid metabolic pathways in R. eutropha and how they can be used to construct reagents for the biosynthesis of products of industrial importance. Specifically, how the use of lipids or fatty acids as the sole carbon source in R. eutropha cultures adds value to these biotechnological products will be discussed here.

Meios de comunicação impressos, representações sociais e violência contra idosos

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Evelyn Rúbia de Albuquerque Saraiva

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se apreender as representações sociais da violência e dos maus-tratos contra os idosos divulgadas pela mídia impressa paulista e paraibana. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental com 126 notícias dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Norte (Paraíba, cujos textos foram analisados pelas classificações hierárquicas descendente e ascendente processadas pelo software Alceste. As representações sociais sobre a violência contra os idosos apresentaram-se polarizadas entre os dois jornais: no paraibano destacaram-se as temáticas dos direitos e das políticas públicas, e no paulista, emergiu a concepção de violência, em relação aos idosos, como vítimas, e em relação aos seus agressores, como uma questão policial. Infere-se que a produção e difusão de conhecimentos por intermédio dos jornais desvelam nas representações sociais hegemônicas da sociedade certa pressão sobre os sujeitos sociais, demandando intervenções psicossociais em diversos segmentos desta sociedade, principalmente em se tratando de um fenômeno extremamente complexo como o é a violência contra idosos.

Impacto de la vacunación contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b en Cuba

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Dickinson Félix O.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar el impacto de la vacunación de menores de 2 años en Cuba contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib, principal agente causal de la meningitis bacteriana en ese país. Métodos. La disponibilidad de vacunas conjugadas eficaces contra Hib motivó la vacunación nacional en 1999 de niños menores de 2 años, que alcanzó una cobertura de 97%. El impacto se evaluó mediante el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Meningoencefalitis Bacterianas (SNVMEB. Resultados. La eficacia global de la vacunación se estimó en 99% y la incidencia general de la meningoencefalitis por Hib disminuyó de 1,3 a 0,6 por 100 000 habitantes (46,1%, observándose la mayor reducción en niños menores de 5 años (56,1%. En los menores de 1 año se redujo 70,5% y en el resto de los grupos de menores de 5 años disminuyó entre 25,9 y 49,6%. En el grupo diana para la vacunación, la incidencia se redujo 61,1%; entre los niños de este grupo que contrajeron la meningoencefalitis por Hib, solamente 8 (24,2% estaban vacunados, 7 de ellos con una sola dosis, aplicada 1 mes antes de enfermar. Conclusiones. Se ha demostrado que la vacunación a gran escala de los niños menores de 2 años contra Hib en Cuba a través del SNVMEB ha logrado disminuir notablemente la incidencia de meningoencefalitis por Hib.

Homens, gênero e violência contra a mulher Men, gender and violence against women

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Daniel Costa Lima

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Considerando o compromisso do Estado brasileiro de coibir e prevenir a violência contra a mulher, firmado em várias conferências internacionais e tendo em vista a promulgação da Lei 11.340/06 - a Lei Maria da Penha -, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre a incorporação dos homens e da perspectiva de gênero nos esforços de prevenção e atenção à violência contra as mulheres. Apesar do crescente interesse da literatura científica e da intervenção em saúde com o envolvimento dos homens, em especial, no campo dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, comparativamente, reflexões e intervenções com homens autores de violência contra a mulher têm recebido bem menos atenção de órgãos governamentais, não-governamentais e pela academia. O artigo apresenta alguns conceitos e dados sobre a violência contra as mulheres e descreve um panorama sobre a conexão entre gênero, saúde e masculinidades; analisa trabalhos que abordam os temas homens e violência contra as mulheres e apresenta algumas ações voltadas à prevenção dessa forma de violência junto à população masculina; e por fim tece algumas considerações finais sobre o tema.Considering the commitment made by the Brazilian Government to restrain and prevent violence against women, signed in various international conferences, and in view of the promulgation of the Law 11.340/06 - Lei Maria da Penha -, this article intends to develop a reflection on the incorporation of men and of the gender perspective in efforts to prevent and attend to violence against women. Despite the increasing interest of scientific literature and health intervention in the involvement of men, especially in the field of sexual and reproductive rights, comparatively, reflections and interventions directed at men who have committed violence against women have received far less attention from governmental and non-governmental institutions, and from the academy. The article

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE: a DNA finger printing technique to study the genetic diversity of blood disease bacterium of banana

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HADIWIYONO

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Hadiwiyono, Widada J, Subandiyah S, Fegan F (2011 Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE: a DNA finger printing technique to study the genetic diversity of blood disease bacterium of banana. Biodiversitas 12: 12-16. Blood disease bacterium (BDB is the most important pathogen of bananas in Indonesia. In some field, the disease incidence reaches over 80%. Epidemiologically, the disease is similar to moko disease in South America and bugtok disease in the Philippines caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 2. However, BDB is different in phenotype and genotype from the two diseases. Previously BDB was limited in South Sulawesi since 1920s – 1980s and recently was reported in 27 of 30 provinces in Indonesia. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE is a genomic DNA fingerprinting method, which employs rare cutting restriction endonucleases to digest genome prior to electrophoresis using specialized condition to separate of large DNA fragments. The results showed that PFGE analysis was a discriminative tool to study the genetic diversity of BDB. Based on the PFGE analysis, BDB isolates obtained from different localities in Yogyakarta and Central Java were quit diverse.

Priming by Rhizobacterium Protects Tomato Plants from Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogen Infections through Multiple Defense Mechanisms

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Ahn, Il-Pyung; Lee, Sang-Woo; Kim, Min Gab; Park, Sang-Ryeol; Hwang, Duk-Ju; Bae, Shin-Chul

2011-01-01

A selected strain of rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas putida strain LSW17S (LSW17S), protects tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Seokwang) from bacterial speck by biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (DC3000) and bacterial wilt by necrotrophic Ralstonia solanacearum KACC 10703 (Rs10703). To investigate defense mechanisms induced by LSW17S in tomato plants, transcription patterns of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and H2O2 production were analyzed in plants treated with LSW17S and subsequent pathogen inoculation. LSW17S alone did not induce transcriptions of employed PR genes in leaves and roots. DC3000 challenge following LSW17S triggered rapid transcriptions of PR genes and H2O2 production in leaves and roots. Catalase infiltration with DC3000 attenuated defense-related responses and resistance against DC3000 infection. Despite depriving H2O2 production and PR1b transcription by the same treatment, resistance against Rs10703 infection was not deterred significantly. H2O2 is indispensable for defense signaling and/or mechanisms primed by LSW17S and inhibition of bacterial speck, however, it is not involved in resistance against bacterial wilt. PMID:21710203

Antimicrobial activities of pyridinium-tailored pyrazoles bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds

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Lei Zhou

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Herein, a series of pyridinium-tailored 5-trifluoromethylpyrazoles containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties were constructed through coupling key pharmaceutical fragments of pyridinium, pyrazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds in single molecular architecture. Antimicrobial results suggested that this kind of compounds exhibited significant activities against three types of pathogenic bacteria and six fungal strains in vitro. The minimal EC50 values of designed compounds against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri could reach to 0.467, 1.04, and 0.600 μg/mL, respectively, through tuning and optimizing N-substituents, bridging atom, and alkyl length of the tailor. Antifungal assays revealed that all title molecules possessed considerable activity against Botrytis cinerea with the minimal EC50 value up to 2.71 μg/mL; and compounds I-8, I-10, I-12, II-12, and IV-12 showed the strongest growth suppression toward Rhizoctonia solani with EC50 values ranging from 10.2 to 24.0 μg/mL. Given the above results, this kind of compounds could serve as new lead compounds in the research of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Infection processes of xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria: possible explanations for the scarcity of qualitative disease resistance genes against them in crops.

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Bae, Chungyun; Han, Sang Wook; Song, Yu-Rim; Kim, Bo-Young; Lee, Hyung-Jin; Lee, Je-Min; Yeam, Inhwa; Heu, Sunggi; Oh, Chang-Sik

2015-07-01

Disease resistance against xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria in crops. Plant pathogenic bacteria cause destructive diseases in many commercially important crops. Among these bacteria, eight pathogens, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, Erwinia amylovora, Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, and Xylella fastidiosa, infect their host plants through different infection sites and paths and eventually colonize the xylem tissues of their host plants, resulting in wilting symptoms by blocking water flow or necrosis of xylem tissues. Noticeably, only a relatively small number of resistant cultivars in major crops against these vascular bacterial pathogens except X. oryzae pv. oryzae have been found or generated so far, although these pathogens threaten productivity of major crops. In this review, we summarize the lifestyles of major xylem-colonizing bacterial pathogens and then discuss the progress of current research on disease resistance controlled by qualitative disease resistance genes or quantitative trait loci against them. Finally, we propose infection processes of xylem-colonizing bacterial pathogens as one of possible reasons for why so few qualitative disease resistance genes against these pathogens have been developed or identified so far in crops.

Violência contra os idosos: análise documental Violencia contra los ancianos: análisis documental Violence against the aged: documental analysis

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Jacy Aurélia Vieira de Souza

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os dados de violência e maus-tratos contra os idosos por meio de documentos oficiais, em Fortaleza-CE. Estudo retrospectivo, documental realizada em uma instituição de referência do Ceará, oficializada em denúncias de violência contra idosos. A coleta de dados ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2005. Dos 424 documentos analisados, 284(67% identificou-se como abandono dos idosos. Quanto ao agressor, 207(49% era filho da vítima. Dentre os casos de violências, 161 (38% foi negligência, seguido por apropriação indébita de aposentadoria, 114 (27%; agressão verbal, 79(19% e física 68(16%. Tais eventos foram registrados por meio de denúncias, principalmente, ao serviço Alô-Idoso, 306(77%. Pôde-se verificar a importância de serviços voltados para essa questão, porém torna-se fundamental que políticas públicas enfoquem o papel social do idoso e privilegiem o cuidado e a proteção dessa parcela populacional em suas famílias e instituições.Lo estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los datos sobre violencia contra los ancianos en la contexto familiar. Se realizó un estudio documental retrospectivo en una institución de referencia de Ceará, con oficialización en reclamaciones de violencia contra los ancianos. Se coletaron los datos en enero a julio de 2005. Se compilaron 424 datos. Se constató que 284 (67%, caso de violencia ocurrieron a los ancianos de sexo femenino. Con relación a los agresores, 207 (49%, eran hijos de las víctimas. Entre los tipos de violencia, 161(38% son negligencia, 114 (27%, la apropiación indebida de lo jubilación; la agresión verbal, 79 (19%, y la agresión físico, 68 (16%. Se ha podido identificar la importancia de servicio a cerca de la cuestión, no obstante, se resulta fundamental que políticas públicas de ese porcentaje de la población proyecten la función social del anciano, a sí convalorar el cuidado y la protección de ese porcentaje poblacional en sus

Protección contra la contaminación acústica de Aragón.

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Aragón.

2011-01-01

Contiene: la Ley 7/2010 de 18 de noviembre de Protección Contra la Contaminación Acústica de Aragón. Incluye (p. [111]-152): Ordenanza municipal tipo de Aragón en materia de contaminación acústica.

Characterization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from Ralstonia eutropha using an alkali-pretreated biomass feedstock.

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Saratale, Ganesh D; Oh, Min-Kyu

2015-09-01

Alkaline pretreatment using NaOH, KOH, or NaOCl has been applied to various types of waste biomass to enhance enzymatic digestibility. Pretreatment (2% NaOH, 121 °C, 30 min) of rice paddy straw (PS) resulted in a maximum yield of 703 mg of reducing sugar per gram of PS with 84.19% hydrolysis yield after a two-step enzymatic hydrolysis process. Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 was tested for its ability to synthesize poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) using PS hydrolysates as its sole carbon source. It is noteworthy that dry cell weight, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation and PHB yield with the use of laboratory-grade sugars were similar to those achieved with PS-derived sugars. Under optimized conditions, we observed maximal PHA accumulation (75.45%) and PHB production (11.42 g/L) within 48 h of fermentation. After PHB recovery, the physicochemical properties of PHB were determined by various analytical techniques, showed the results were consistent with the characteristics of a standard polymer of PHB. Thus, the PS hydrolysate proved to be an excellent cheap carbon substrate for PHB production. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevalência de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados na artrite idiopática juvenil

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Machado,Sandra H.; von Mühlen,Carlos A.; Brenol,João C. T.; Bisotto,Letícia; Xavier,Ricardo Machado

2005-01-01

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados em uma coorte de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil. MÉTODOS: A presença de anticorpos contra peptídeos cíclicos citrulinados foi avaliada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) no soro de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil com idade inferior a 18 anos, acompanhados no ambulatório de reumatologia pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, com tempo de diagnóstico de doença de, no mínimo, 6 mese...

Application of biochar reduces Ralstonia solanacearum infection via effects on pathogen chemotaxis, swarming motility, and root exudate adsorption

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gu, Yian; Hou, Yugang; Huang, Dapeng; Hao, Zhexia; Wang, Xiaofang; Wei, Zhong; Jousset, Alexandre; Tan, Shiyong; Xu, Dabing; Shen, Qirong; Xu, Yangchun; Friman, Ville Petri

Aims: We evaluated the efficacy of biochar application for suppressing bacterial wilt of tomato and identified the potential underlying mechanisms involved in the disease control. Methods: We measured the impact of two different sized biochar (53–120 μm and 380–830 μm) on bacterial wilt incidence in

Cometabolism of Fluoroanilines in the Presence of 4-Fluoroaniline by Ralstonia sp. FD-1

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Wenling Cao

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A strain of Ralstonia sp. FD-1 capable of using 4-fluoroaniline (4-FA as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was investigated for its ability to utilize 4-FA isomers (2-FA, 3-FA and homologs (2,4-DFA, 3,4-DFA, and 2,3,4-TFA. Both 4-FA and 3-FA could be mineralized as the sole carbon and nitrogen source by FD-1. 2-FA, 2,4-DFA, 3,4-DFA, and 2,3,4-TFA could not be degraded by FD-1, respectively, and were selected as secondary substrates for cometabolism with 500 mg/L 4-FA as growth substrate. Bacterial growth (OD600, F− concentrations, and fluoroanilines contents were measured to determinate the degradation ability of 4-FA isomers and homologs by FD-1. FD-1 growth was inhibited by 2,4-DFA, 3,4-DFA, and 2,3,4-TFA at higher concentrations (400 mg/L, except for 2-FA. Complete fluoroanilines degradation was achieved while incomplete defluorination was characterized by the stoichiometric fluoride release indicating partial degradation but not total mineralization. When fluoroaniline was supplied to the resting cells of strain FD-1, a relatively effective removal was showed. Strain FD-1 had broadened application prospect of toxicity and low nutrition fluoroanilines wastewater.

Efecto de medidas preventivas contra la toxoplasmosis en embarazadas

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María Mercedes Santacruz; Reinaldo Heredia; Augusto Corredor Arjona

1992-01-01

La incidencia de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii, fue estudiada en el laboratorio de Parasitología del Instituto Nacional de Salud en los sueros de 1000 mujeres embarazadas, seleccionadas entre las que asistieron al control prenatal en la Caja de Previsión, durante los años de 1987 a 1990. En los sueros se midieron anticuerpos específicos IgG contra el Toxoplasma gondii, por la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta. El 59% de las mujeres fueron positivas con títulos entre 1:16 y 1:4.096...

Contra spem spero : [luuletused] / Lesja Ukrainka ; tlk. Harald Rajamets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ukrainka, Lesja

2004-01-01

Sisu: Contra spem spero ; Krimmi mälestusi : Merevaikus : Maruilm : Bahţisarai palee ; Purunenud viinaklaas ; Aoeelsed tuled ; Meloodiad ; Igaveseks mälestuseks kirjakesele, mille sõbrakäsi ohupäevil ära põletas ; "Kui ma lapsepõlves vahel..." ; Romanss ; Ukraina kirjanduse saja aasta juubeliks ; Unustatud vari ; "Välud, veel laiguti sulava lumega..." ; "Alati oksakroon peas..." ; "Oi ma käin kesk kuivi kuuski, mu süda on valus..." ; "Oi ei kadund kuldsed okaspõõsad..." ; "Kord püha hermandaadi ajal juhtus..." ; Lõbus härra ; Praktiline härra ; Laine ; Reisiraamatust : Pontos Axeinos : Udus

Radiation dose to contra lateral breast during treatment of breast malignancy by radiotherapy

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Chougule Arun

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Aims: External beam radiotherapy is being used regularly to treat the breast malignancy postoperatively. The contribution of collimator leakage and scatter radiation dose to contralateral breast is of concern because of high radio sensitivity of breast tissue for carcinogenesis. This becomes more important when the treated cancer breast patient is younger than 45 years and therefore the contralateral breast must be treated as organ at risk. Quantification of contralateral dose during primary breast irradiation is helpful to estimate the risk of radiation induced secondary breast malignancy. Materials and Methods: In present study contralateral breast dose was measured in 30 cancer breast patients undergoing external beam therapy by Co-60 teletherapy machine. Postoperative radiotherapy was delivered by medial and lateral tangential fields on alternate days in addition to supraclavicle field daily with 200 cGy/F to a total dose of 5000 cGy in 25 fractions. CaSO4: Dy themoluminescence dosimeter discs were employed for these measurements. Three TLD discs were put on the surface of skin of contra lateral breast, one at the level of nipple and two at 3 cms away from nipple on both side along the midline for each field. At the end treatment of each filed, TLD discs were removed and measured for dose after 24h on Thelmador - 6000 TLD reader. Results: The dose at the contra lateral breast nipple was to be 152.5 to 254.75 cGy for total primary breast dose of 5000 cGy in 25 equal fractions which amounted to 3.05-6.05% of total dose to diseased breast. Further it was observed that the maximum contribution of contralateral breast dose was due to medical tangential half blocked field. Conclusion: CaSO4; Dy thermoluminescence dosimetry is quite easy, accurate and convenient method to measure the contra lateral breast dose.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER: PROBLEMATIZANDO DEFINIÇÕES TEÓRICAS, FILOSÓFICAS E JURÍDICAS

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Maisa Campos Guimarães

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A violência doméstica contra a mulher é um fenômeno múltiplo e complexo que tem destacado importantes discussões teórico-filosóficas e questionamentos ético-políticos. O presente artigo se propõe a articular a perspectiva de gênero às análises sobre violência em suas dimensões subjetiva, histórica, social e cultural, buscando (releituras críticas acerca das definições dessas violências. O olhar sobre a cultura machista e patriarcal brasileira revela posturas de legitimação e banalização de tais violências que legislações recentes, como a Lei Maria da Penha, buscam superar. Esta lei traz inovações jurídicas e processuais que pretendem empreender mudanças legais, políticas e culturais na afirmação dos direitos humanos das mulheres. Por tais perspectivas, propomos-nos a problematizar definições e tipificações das violências contra as mulheres e articular uma compreensão com a perspectiva ética e histórica dos direitos humanos, incorporando assim as dimensões ética e política ao olhar crítico e complexo sobre a violência doméstica contra a mulher.

Abordagem profissional da violência familiar contra o idoso em uma unidade básica de saúde

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Ana Claudia Nunes de Souza Wanderbroocke

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever a abordagem profissional da violência familiar contra idosos em uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com dados coletados por meio de observação participante com registro em diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram das entrevistas dez profissionais da UBS. Os dados foram analisados segundo o referencial da Grounded Theory e duas categorias foram discutidas: manejo profissional de situações de violência familiar contra o idoso e condições da UBS para atender a situações de violência familiar contra o idoso. Os dados apontam para dificuldades dos profissionais de identificar situações de violência e crenças relacionadas à impossibilidade de enfrentá-la. Em termos institucionais, os dados indicam fatores que desfavorecem a detecção e acompanhamento dos casos como a menor ênfase no trabalho interdisciplinar e rotinas voltadas para a saúde física. O estudo sugere a necessidade de oferecer aos profissionais oportunidade para a reflexão sobre violência e possibilidades de intervenção.

NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE EN RADIOLOGÍA ESTOMATOLÓGICA EN ALUMNOS DE LA CLÍNICA ODONTOLÓGICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ALAS PERUANAS, AREQUIPA. 2013

OpenAIRE

FLORES PIZARRO, CRISTIAN

2014-01-01

CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES DE LA POBLACIÓN CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE SEGÚN EDAD CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE MÉTODOS DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RADIACIÓN IONIZANTE SEGÚN GENERO

Sociedade civil, Estado e autonomia: argumentos, contra-argumentos e avanços no debate

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Adrian Gurza Lavalle

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O cenário brasileiro das relações entre Estado e sociedade civil tem se reconfigurado ao longo das últimas três décadas, suscitando esforços da literatura especializada para diagnosticar tais mudanças mediante deslocamentos analíticos e revisões de pressupostos. Em diálogo com um diagnóstico recente de conjunto que recoloca algumas teses importantes na literatura e segundo o qual essa reconfiguração é uma passagem de um período histórico de autonomia plena dos atores sociais para um momento de interdependência com o Estado, o artigo desenvolve quatro contra-argumentos amparados em deslocamentos teórico-analíticos e metodológicos que, junto à extensa pesquisa empírica, marcam avanços no debate do país sobre as relações socioestatais. Os contra-argumentos partem do pressuposto da mútua constituição, ou codeterminação, entre Estado e sociedade civil e revisam criticamente os argumentos sobre a emergência tardia da sociedade civil no Brasil, seu nascimento sob o signo de uma não relação com o Estado e os partidos políticos, bem como sobre o advento da interdependência com o Estado no período pós-constituinte. No seu todo, o conjunto dos contra-argumentos mostra os ganhos analíticos de uma perspectiva centrada nas interações socioestatais e de uma compreensão relacional de autonomia tanto no plano da prática dos atores quanto no plano da teoria.

Studies on the production of branched-chain alcohols in engineered Ralstonia eutropha

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lu, Jingnan [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Brigham, Christopher J.; Gai, Claudia S. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Biology; Sinskey, Anthony J. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Biology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Div. of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States). Engineering Systems Div.

2012-10-15

Wild-type Ralstonia eutropha H16 produces polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as an intracellular carbon storage material during nutrient stress in the presence of excess carbon. In this study, the excess carbon was redirected in engineered strains from PHB storage to the production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol (branched-chain higher alcohols). These branched-chain higher alcohols can directly substitute for fossil-based fuels and be employed within the current infrastructure. Various mutant strains of R. eutropha with isobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity, in combination with the overexpression of plasmid-borne, native branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway genes and the overexpression of heterologous ketoisovalerate decarboxylase gene, were employed for the biosynthesis of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. Production of these branched-chain alcohols was initiated during nitrogen or phosphorus limitation in the engineered R. eutropha. One mutant strain not only produced over 180 mg/L branched-chain alcohols in flask culture, but also was significantly more tolerant of isobutanol toxicity than wild-type R. eutropha. After the elimination of genes encoding three potential carbon sinks (ilvE, bkdAB, and aceE), the production titer improved to 270 mg/L isobutanol and 40 mg/L 3-methyl-1-butanol. Semicontinuous flask cultivation was utilized to minimize the toxicity caused by isobutanol while supplying cells with sufficient nutrients. Under this semicontinuous flask cultivation, the R. eutropha mutant grew and produced more than 14 g/L branched-chain alcohols over the duration of 50 days. These results demonstrate that R. eutropha carbon flux can be redirected from PHB to branched-chain alcohols and that engineered R. eutropha can be cultivated over prolonged periods of time for product biosynthesis. (orig.)

Violencia intrafamiliar contra las mujeres

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Omar Huertas Díaz

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El presente texto pretende abordar el tema de violencia en contra de las mujeres desde la perspectiva familiar, es decir la violencia intrafamiliar o también llamada doméstica, entendida y afirmada desde la Corte Constitucional, como aquella violencia que causa daño o maltrato físico, psíquico o sexual, trato cruel, intimidatorio o degradante, amenaza, agravio, ofensa o cualquier otra forma de agresión, producida entre miembros de una familia, llámese cónyuge o compañero permanente, padre o madre, aunque no convivan bajo el mismo techo, ascendientes o descendientes de estos incluyendo hijos adoptivos, y en general todas las personas que de manera permanente se hallaren integrados a la unidad doméstica. Junto a ello el documento explicará de qué forma afecta esta particular clase de violencia a las mujeres, los abusos y malos tratos que la materializan, y las medidas adoptadas por el Estado Colombiano para enfrentar sus consecuencias, y por último la presentación de los conceptos que maneja la Corte Constitucional en la interpretación de dicho fenómeno.

LA LUCHA CONTRA LAS DROGAS: FRACASO DE UNA GUERRA, COMIENZO DE UNA NUEVA POLÍTICA

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Mauricio Alejandro Bedoya Jiménez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Son muchas políticas de corte represivo las que se han implementado desde hace más de 50 años por parte de los países productores y consumidores de drogas, con el fi n no solo de disminuir la producción de éstas, sino también su consumo. Hoy, cuando se ha intentado todo tipo de coerción posible en contra de los mercados ilegales de drogas, el mundo se ha dado cuenta de que los costos (económicos, sociales, ambientales y humanos de su implementación han sobrepasado los benefi cios. Es el momento de incluir cambios legislativos en las políticas impartidas por los distintos organismos del orden mundial, cambios donde la salud y el ser humano sean el principal objetivo de la fracasada lucha contra las drogas.

Violencia contra sindicalistas en medio del conflicto armado colombiano

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Camilo Echandía Castilla

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio de la violencia contra sindicalistas en medio del conflicto armado colombiano pone al descubierto el carácter selectivo y sistemático de una violencia deliberada que busca debilitar, neutralizar, desarticular o cooptar a las organizaciones sociales, reducir su capacidad de presión y acallar sus reivindicaciones. Los homicidios de sindicalistas se han reducido en los últimos años debido a la desmovilización de parte del componente de las autodefensas y al repliegue de las guerrillas, y a su salida de zonas que disputaban con los paramilitares. Las bandas criminales también asesinan sindicalistas, pero en menor número.

Vacinas contra varicela e vacina quádrupla viral Varicella vaccines and measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine

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Lucia Ferro Bricks

2006-07-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Apresentar uma revisão atualizada sobre os estudos de eficácia, eventos adversos e esquema vacinal da vacina contra varicela e a nova apresentação combinada com a vacina contra sarampo, caxumba e rubéola. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão bibliográfica utilizando a base de dados MEDLINE e LILACS no período de 1999 a 2006. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A vacina contra varicela tem uma eficácia entre 70 a 90% contra a infecção e 95 a 98% de proteção contra as formas graves. É uma vacina bem tolerada e pouco reatogênica. Após o seu licenciamento, foram comprovados apenas três casos de transmissão do vírus vacinal de pessoas previamente saudáveis para contatos domiciliares, que desenvolveram doença leve. Apesar das evidências de que a proteção conferida pela vacina pode diminuir com o passar dos anos, ainda não é possível afirmar que seja necessário, no momento, a aplicação de uma segunda dose, tendo em vista a exposição ao vírus selvagem. Após a vacinação universal, as chances de estímulo natural deverão diminuir, e muito provavelmente será necessário a aplicação de doses de reforço. Recentemente foi licenciada a vacina quádrupla viral, um produto combinado com a vacina contra sarampo, caxumba, rubéola e varicela com elevadas taxas de soroconversão. CONCLUSÃO:A vacina contra varicela é recomendada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP para as crianças a partir de 1 ano de idade. Esperamos que, em breve, a vacina quádrupla viral esteja disponível no Brasil, pois o uso de vacinas combinadas possibilita uma maior cobertura vacinal.OBJECTIVES: To present an up-to-date review of studies investigating the efficacy, adverse events and vaccination regimens of the varicella vaccine and the new presentation combined with the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella. SOURCES OF DATA: Bibliographic review of the MEDLINE and LILACS databases covering the period 1999 to 2006 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The varicella

Vaccines against dengue: a review of current candidate vaccines at advanced development stages Vacunas contra el dengue: una revisión de las vacunas candidatas en etapas avanzadas de desarrollo

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Joachim Hombach

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Los esfuerzos sistemáticos para desarrollar una vacuna contra el dengue comenzaron durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, inspirados en el desarrollo exitoso de una vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla. Sin embargo, la falta de modelos adecuados de la enfermedad, la información incompleta acerca de los mecanismos patogénicos y los insuficientes incentivos económicos han dificultado los avances. Debido al impacto actual del dengue en todo el mundo y su explosiva diseminación, ha aumentado el interés en el desarrollo de vacunas contra el dengue y se ha avanzado considerablemente en el camino hacia la evaluación clínica de vacunas candidatas. La Iniciativa para la Investigación en Vacunas, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, está facilitando el desarrollo de y los ensayos con las vacunas candidatas. Las vacunas contra el dengue que se encuentran actualmente en etapas avanzadas de desarrollo son de tres tipos fundamentales: 1 vivas atenuadas; 2 vivas recombinantes; y 3 de subunidades e inactivadas. La mayoría de las vacunas en cartera son vivas atenuadas, siguiendo el camino exitoso de otras vacunas vivas contra flavivirus, especialmente de la desarrollada contra la fiebre amarilla. En general, las vacunas contra el dengue que se encuentran actualmente en desarrollo están bastante avanzadas y son muy diversas. Muy pronto comenzará la evaluación de estas vacuna candidatas en ensayos de eficacia basados en poblaciones expuestas, lo que requerirá resolver varios problemas técnicos, operacionales y regulatorios.

Contra-públicos: Arte participativo como manifestación de un espacio público

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Linders, E.H.E.

2016-01-01

Las prácticas de artistas-activistas en el espacio público pueden ser entendidas como generadoras de un contra-público en el sentido de Hirschkind (2006) porque construyen un espacio para la participación política alternativa. El espacio público entonces no se debe entender como algo preexistente,

A violência contra o idoso: dimensão ética e política de uma problemática em ascensão

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Lenilde Duarte de Sá

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A violência contra os idosos é um fenômeno evidente dentro do atual processo de envelhecimento populacional mundial. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre o tema da violência contra os idosos, apoiada em artigos científicos publicados. Trata-se de uma atualização, que além de abordar temas principais do assunto, pretende enfatizar como o mesmo é tratado pela atual política de saúde do idoso no Brasil, e também dar um enfoque ético. Percebe-se que a questão da violência contra os idosos é pouco considerada pela sociedade em geral e pelos profissionais de saúde. No Brasil existe uma política de promoção da saúde dos idosos e de prevenção à violência que ainda não está implementada em sua totalidade, e nem de acordo com as singularidades de cada região. Os enfermeiros, mais especificamente, precisam tratar com empatia e resolutividade os casos de violência contra idosos por eles identificados.

Investigation of the NADH/NAD+ ratio in Ralstonia eutropha using the fluorescence reporter protein Peredox.

Science.gov (United States)

Tejwani, Vijay; Schmitt, Franz-Josef; Wilkening, Svea; Zebger, Ingo; Horch, Marius; Lenz, Oliver; Friedrich, Thomas

2017-01-01

Ralstonia eutropha is a hydrogen-oxidizing ("Knallgas") bacterium that can easily switch between heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism to thrive in aerobic and anaerobic environments. Its versatile metabolism makes R. eutropha an attractive host for biotechnological applications, including H 2 -driven production of biodegradable polymers and hydrocarbons. H 2 oxidation by R. eutropha takes place in the presence of O 2 and is mediated by four hydrogenases, which represent ideal model systems for both biohydrogen production and H 2 utilization. The so-called soluble hydrogenase (SH) couples reversibly H 2 oxidation with the reduction of NAD + to NADH and has already been applied successfully in vitro and in vivo for cofactor regeneration. Thus, the interaction of the SH with the cellular NADH/NAD + pool is of major interest. In this work, we applied the fluorescent biosensor Peredox to measure the [NADH]:[NAD + ] ratio in R. eutropha cells under different metabolic conditions. The results suggest that the sensor operates close to saturation level, indicating a rather high [NADH]:[NAD + ] ratio in aerobically grown R. eutropha cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that multicomponent analysis of spectrally-resolved fluorescence lifetime data of the Peredox sensor response to different [NADH]:[NAD + ] ratios represents a novel and sensitive tool to determine the redox state of cells. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Violência contra a mulher: contribuições e limitações do sistema de informação Violencia contra la mujer: contribuciones y limitaciones del sistema de información Woman abuse: contribuitions and shortcomings of the information system

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Irene Okabe

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um breve panorama do sistema de informação em saúde, no monitoramento da violência contra a mulher, analisando em que medida cada fonte de dados pode contribuir para o real dimensionamento do evento e subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão. Neste sentido, o texto apresenta os avanços e contribuições de cada base de dados oficial existente no setor de saúde, bem como as limitações que ainda persistem pela pouca sensibilidade e especificidade destes sistemas no monitoramento da violência contra a mulher. Discute-se também a necessidade de estudos para o aprofundamento da questão e uma política de informação à luz de gênero para análise e intervenção nos determinantes da violência contra a mulher, dada à magnitude e a gravidade do problema, não só para as mulheres, mas para a sociedade como um todo.El artículo tiene por objetivo presentar un breve panorama del sistema de información en salud en la actividad de monitoreo de la violencia contra la mujer, analizando de que forma cada medida y fuente de datos puede contribuir para el real dimensionamiento del evento y subsidiar el proceso de la toma de decisiones. En ese sentido, el texto presenta los avances y contribuciones de cada base de datos oficiales existentes en el sector de la salud, así como las limitaciones que todavía persisten por la poca sensibilidad y especificidad de estos sistemas en el monitoreo de la violencia contra la mujer. Se discute, también, la necesidad de realizar otros estudios para profundizar la cuestión y la elaboración de una política de información relacionada al género, para análisis e intervención en los determinantes de la violencia contra la mujer, dada la magnitud y la gravedad del problema no solo para las mujeres como para la sociedad como un todo.The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the health information system in monitoring woman abuse by analyzing the extent to

Título da página eletrónica: Observatorio de la Violencia de Género contra la Mujer

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Tatiana Moura

2013-02-01

Full Text Available O Observatorio de la Violencia de Género contra la Mujer é da responsabilidade da Organização de Mulheres Salvadorenhas (ORMUSA, uma ONG feminista que trabalha, formalmente desde 1985, em prol da igualdade e justiça entre os sexos no país. Dedica‑se à sistematização e divulgação de dados sobre vários tipos de violência contra as mulheres em El Salvador (feminicídios, violência sexual, intrafamiliar e social, baseando‑se nos relatórios da polícia, do instituto de medicina legal e na observaç...

Vacunas terapéuticas recombinantes contra el cáncer del cuello uterino

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BERUMEN JAIME

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el desarrollo del cáncer cervicouterino se inducen mecanismos para evadir el sistema inmune, como son la disminución de la expresión de moléculas de antígeno mayor de histocompatibilidad I y la secreción de citocinas por las células tumorales. Como consecuencia de ello, la estimulación de linfocitos T citotóxicos (LTC y cooperadores (TC, de células asesinas naturales (AN y macrófagos es muy deficiente. Para inducir una respuesta inmune efectiva contra el tumor, se requiere la estimulación simultánea de múltiples componentes del sistema inmune: por vía sistémica la estimulación de LTC y TC contra epítopos del virus del papiloma humano, y en un nivel local, la inducción de la secreción de citocinas por el tumor, para aumentar el procesamiento y la presentación de blancos tumorales, así como la estimulación de los linfocitos, AN y macrófagos que infiltran el tumor.

As (contra reformas educacionais e o depauperamento da experiência (Erfahrung na escola

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Ademir Henrique Manfre

2017-08-01

Full Text Available O presente ensaio discorre sobre os estudos realizados no primeiro semestre de 2017 junto à disciplina de “Currículo e Escola” por mim ministrada em um curso de formação de professores. Essa investigação teve como objetivo discutir a temática das (contra reformas educacionais e o processo de depauperamento da experiência (Erfahrung na educação escolar. O delineamento metodológico dessa análise se sustentou na reflexão e problematização de textos indicados pela disciplina, os quais serviram de sustentação teórico-metodológica para o debate proposto. Conceitos-chave da Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt – sociedade administrada, Indústria Cultural, semiformação, emancipação – apoiaram a nossa investigação no sentido de evidenciar o modo como a escola da contemporaneidade necessita pensar uma formação que impeça o conformismo exacerbado. Desse modo, esse ensaio traz uma reflexão sobre o papel da escola, analisando as propostas de (contra reformas educacionais na atualidade.

Legislation on violence against women: overview of key components Legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer: panorama de los elementos fundamentales

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Gaby Ortiz-Barreda

2013-01-01

the key recommended components. Significant limitations were found in the legislative content, its application, and the extent to which it provided women with integrated protection, support, and care. In developing new VAW legislation, policymakers should consider the vital role of health services.El estudio se centró en determinar si la legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer en el mundo contiene los elementos fundamentales que recomiendan la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS y las Naciones Unidas (NU para ayudar a fortalecer la prevención de la violencia contra la mujer y brindar mejor protección, apoyo y atención integrados a las víctimas. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de la legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer utilizando bases de datos jurídicas internacionales y otras fuentes electrónicas, además de los datos de investigaciones anteriores, y se identificaron 124 países o territorios con algún tipo de legislación sobre la violencia contra la mujer. Se encontraron textos jurídicos completos con legislación de 104 países o territorios. Se descargaron y compilaron aquellos disponibles en inglés, portugués y español, y se sometieron a los criterios de selección (uso de alguno de los términos frecuentes relacionados con la violencia contra la mujer, inclusive la violencia de pareja, y referencia al menos a dos entre seis sectores de servicios [educación, salud, sistema judicial, medios masivos de comunicación, policía y servicios sociales] respecto de las intervenciones relacionadas con la violencia contra la mujer [protección, apoyo y atención]. Se seleccionó una muestra final de 80 países o territorios y se analizó en ella la presencia de los componentes clave recomendados por la OPS y las NU (referencia a la "violencia contra la mujer" en el título; definiciones de diferentes formas de violencia contra la mujer; identificación de las mujeres como beneficiarias; y promoción de [referencia a] la

Fototerapia na doença enxerto contra hospedeiro Phototherapy in the graft versus host disease

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Ida Duarte

2008-10-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: A doença enxerto contra hospedeiro é um dos obstáculos ao sucesso do transplante de medula óssea, e o envolvimento cutâneo é freqüente. A fototerapia é utilizada devido à intensa atividade imunomoduladora local, sendo opção terapêutica adjuvante para as lesões cutâneas resistentes à terapia convencional. OBJETIVO: Realizar análise descritiva do tratamento da doença enxerto contra hospedeiro com fototerapia (Puva ou UVB de faixa estreita. MÉTODOS: Foram atendidos nove pacientes com manifestação cutânea da doença enxerto contra hospedeiro aguda ou crônica. Seis foram tratados com Puva, terapia de primeira escolha, e três com UVB de faixa estreita. As sessões foram realizadas três vezes por semana, e a resposta terapêutica avaliada após 12 sessões. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes com doença enxerto contra hospedeiro aguda mostraram melhora, com desaparecimento do eritema e do edema. Naqueles com doença crônica, observaram-se involução das lesões liquenóides e melhora da mobilidade daqueles com a forma esclerodermiforme. Dois pacientes apresentaram doença de evolução grave e foram a óbito. CONCLUSÃO: A fototerapia mostrou-se efetiva no tratamento das manifestações cutâneas da doença enxerto contra hospedeiro aguda e crônica. A Puva permite o controle da doença, podendo a UVB de faixa estreita ser opção para pacientes impossibilitados de usar medicação sistêmica.BACKGROUND: Graft versus host disease is one of the obstacles to successful bone marrow transplantation. It often affects the skin. Phototherapy has been used because of its strong local immunomodulatory activity and it is an option for adjuvant therapy for skin lesions of graft versus host disease resistant to conventional therapy. OBJECTIVE: To make a descriptive analysis of treating graft versus host disease with phototherapy (PUVA or narrowband UVB. Methods - Nine patients with cutaneous manifestation of acute or chronic

La historia sacra del Santísimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos"An iconographic study of the engravings illustrating the work

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Calvo Portela, Juan Isaac

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se hace un estudio iconográfico de las dos estampas que ilustran el libro del dominico fray Alonso de Ribera, La Historia Sacra del Santissimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos, editado por Luis Sánchez en Madrid en 1626. En dichas estampas se plasman dos aspectos que van a ser fundamentales de la religiosidad contrarreformista española del siglo XVII, la defensa a ultranza de la Eucaristía y la lucha contra la herejía. In this article is made an iconographic study of the two prints that illustrate the book of the Dominican Fray Alonso de Ribera, La Historia Sacra del Santissimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos, edited by Luis Sanchez in Madrid in 1626. In these prints are reflected two aspects that are going to be essential on the religiosity Spanish Counterreform of the seventeenth century, the stubborn defense of the Eucharist and the fight against heresy.

Violencia física contra la mujer: una propuesta de abordaje desde un servicio de salud

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María Fernanda Rivadeneira Guerrero

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La violencia física contra la mujer es un problema de salud pública y una necesidad sentida por la comunidad, que exige una respuesta desde los servicios de salud. El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un modelo de abordaje a partir del servicio de salud que permita la detección, apoyo y seguimiento de estos casos. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación-acción en un servicio de primer nivel de atención. Participaron personal de salud. Inicialmente se realizó un diagnóstico situacional para evaluar: percepción de violencia física contra la mujer, calidad del servicio y organización funcional ante casos de violencia. Se desarrolló un modelo de abordaje para enfrentar este problema a partir de: formación del personal de salud, reorganización funcional del servicio de salud y diseño de herramientas de detección y seguimiento. Se evaluó la intervención a partir de indicadores operativos y evaluación de su impacto a corto plazo. Resultados: Se logró que el personal se capacite y empodere del problema; se introdujeron elementos operativos para la reorganización funcional de la unidad operativa: tamizaje para violencia intrafamiliar, flujograma de atención y hoja de seguimiento. En las tres semanas siguientes a la implementación de estos instrumentos, tres casos de violencia fueron detectados y abordados por el servicio de salud. Discusión y Conclusiones: La metodología de investigación-acción permitió que los actores se empoderen del problema de violencia física contra la mujer, diseñen y apliquen herramientas para abordarlo. Es necesaria una evaluación posterior para determinar su impacto. Cómo citar este artículo: Rivadeneira MF. Violencia física contra la mujer: una propuesta de abordaje desde un servicio de salud. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(2: 1656-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i2.404

Asymmetric Functional Connectivity of the Contra- and Ipsilateral Secondary Somatosensory Cortex during Tactile Object Recognition

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Yinghua Yu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In the somatosensory system, it is well known that the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (SII receives projections from the unilateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI, and the SII, in turn, sends feedback projections to SI. Most neuroimaging studies have clearly shown bilateral SII activation using only unilateral stimulation for both anatomical and functional connectivity across SII subregions. However, no study has unveiled differences in the functional connectivity of the contra- and ipsilateral SII network that relates to frontoparietal areas during tactile object recognition. Therefore, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI and a delayed match-to-sample (DMS task to investigate the contributions of bilateral SII during tactile object recognition. In the fMRI experiment, 14 healthy subjects were presented with tactile angle stimuli on their right index finger and asked to encode three sample stimuli during the encoding phase and one test stimulus during the recognition phase. Then, the subjects indicated whether the angle of test stimulus was presented during the encoding phase. The results showed that contralateral (left SII activity was greater than ipsilateral (right SII activity during the encoding phase, but there was no difference during the recognition phase. A subsequent psycho-physiological interaction (PPI analysis revealed distinct connectivity from the contra- and ipsilateral SII to other regions. The left SII functionally connected to the left SI and right primary and premotor cortex, while the right SII functionally connected to the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC. Our findings suggest that in situations involving unilateral tactile object recognition, contra- and ipsilateral SII will induce an asymmetrical functional connectivity to other brain areas, which may occur by the hand contralateral effect of SII.

Mecanismos efectores del interferón gamma contra la infección por Toxoplasma gondii

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Jorge Enrique Gómez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Toxoplasma gondiies un protozoario parásito de desarrollo intracelular. La enfermedad humana producida por T: gondii es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal y en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. En esta reseña, se revisan los conocimientos actuales sobre los mecanismos efectores del interferón gamma (IFN y, la principal citocina protectora contra Igondii, incluyendo los resultados que hemos obtenido en un modelo de infección in vifro de células humanas monocitarias (THPI. El IFN y protege las células humanas contra T gondii por mecanismos diferentes a aquéllos con los que protege las células de ratón. En el modelo de infección de célulasTHP1, el IFN y protege por dos mecanismos independientes. Un primer efecto es la reducción del porcentaje de células parasitadas, el cual está ligado a una disminución de la actividad PLA, parasitaria y celular. Se trata de un nuevo mecanismo efector del IFN y contra la infección toxoplásmica, diferente a los mecanismos parasiticidas y parasitostáticos previamente descritos. Un segundo efecto ocurre por interrupción del crecimiento parasitario intracelular a través de la activación de la enzima indoleamina-oxigenasa que degrada el triptófano, lo que constituye un efecto parasitostático. Contrariamente a lo que ocurre en el modelo de infección de células monocitarias de ratón, la producción de óxido nítrico (NO no juega un papel determinante en los monocitos humanos.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Dan Mikoriza Terhadap Intensitas Serangan Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia Solanacearum), Pertumbuhan, Dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat

OpenAIRE

Aulia, Fatimatul; Susanti, Hilda; Fikri, Edwin Noor

2016-01-01

The research about the effect of applications biofertilizer and mycorhiza to intensity attack of bacterial wilt disease, growth, and yield of tomato was conducted in trial garden of Agriculture Faculty Lambung Mangkurat University from November 2015 until February 2016. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with one factor, four treatments (no treatment (control), biofertilizer, mycorhiza, and biofertilizer + mycorhiza), and five replications. The results of experimen...

Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis of β-ketothiolase B from Ralstonia eutropha H16.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Eun-Jung; Son, Hyeoncheol Francis; Chang, Jeong Ho; Kim, Kyung-Jin

2014-03-01

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are linear polyesters that are produced by bacterial fermentation and are used as biodegradable bioplastics. β-Ketothiolase B (BktB) from Ralstonia eutropha (ReBktB) is a key enzyme for the production of various types of copolymers by catalyzing the condensation reactions of acetyl-CoA with propionyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA. The ReBktB protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of 25% polyethylene glycol 3350, 0.1 M bis-tris pH 6.5, 0.2 M lithium sulfate at 295 K. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 2.3 Å on a synchrotron beamline. The crystal belonged to space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 106.95, b = 107.24, c = 144.14 Å. With two molecules per asymmetric unit, the crystal volume per unit protein weight (VM) is 2.54 Å(3) Da(-1), which corresponds to a solvent content of approximately 51.5%. The structure was solved by the molecular-replacement method and refinement of the structure is in progress.

O paraíso não é aqui: a violência contra a mulher emTatiana Salem Levy

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Paula Queiroz Dutra

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones de las distintas formas de violencia contra la mujer en la novela Paraíso (2014, de la escritora brasileña Tatiana Salem Levy. Se busca comprender y problematizar la representación del dolor del otro y del posicionamiento de las mujeres frente a situaciones de violencia dentro de la novela. Además, se pretende observar si la representación de la violencia sufrida por los personajes femeninos, tanto en el espacio público como en el doméstico, contribuye a una crítica a la violencia contra la mujer, deconstruyendo estereotipos de sumisión y victimización.

Violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: Revisâo sistemática

OpenAIRE

Alanna de Medeiros Pinheiro Cachina; Ilana Lemos De Paiva; Tatiana De Lucena Torres

2016-01-01

Essa revisâo sistemática de literatura foi realizada em bases de periódicos nacionais, entre Junho/2015 e Fevereiro/2016, utilizando os descritores: «violência intrafamiliar e idoso» e «maus-tratos e idoso», com a finalidade de identificar as frequências dos estudos, anos de publicaçôes, principais dificuldades da rede e como o problema da violência é percebido pelos participantes dos estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos sobre violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, i...

Violência contra a mulher e a Lei Maria da Penha

OpenAIRE

Ingnácio Duarte, Jozi Rubia; Univesidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina; Duarte Pinheiro, Ana Claudia; UEL; Lobo Muniz, Deborah Lídia; UEL; Brun, Simone; UEL

2009-01-01

O presente artigo tem como objetivo adentrar no campo jurídico da defesa da mulher brasileira, contra a violência dos mais variados tipos que ela vem sofrendo com o passar dos tempos, analisa a legislação vigente bem como as práticas jurídicas em defesa da mulher e o impacto da lei Maria da Penha. This article aims to enter the field of legal defense of Brazilian women, against violence of all kinds which it has suffered over time, analyzes the current legislation and legal practices in fa...

Biosynthesis and thermal properties of PHBV produced from levulinic acid by Ralstonia eutropha.

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Yuanpeng Wang

Full Text Available Levulinic acid (LA can be cost-effectively produced from a vast array of renewable carbohydrate-containing biomaterials. LA could facilitate the commercialization of the polymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV and PHBV-based products as carbon substrates. Therefore, this paper focused on the production of PHBV by Ralstonia eutropha with LA for hydroxyvalerate (HV production, which plays an important role in enhancing the thermal properties of PHBV. Accordingly, the HV content of PHBV varied from 0-40.9% at different concentrations of LA. Stimulation of cell growth and PHBV accumulation were observed when 2-6 g L(-1 LA was supplied to the culture. The optimal nitrogen sources were determined to be 0.5 g L(-1 ammonium chloride and 2 g L(-1 casein peptone. It was determined that the optimal pH for cell growth and PHBV accumulation was 7.0. When the cultivation was performed in large scale (2 L fermenter with a low DO concentration of 30% and a pH of 7.0, a high maximum dry cell weight of 15.53 g L(-1 with a PHBV concentration of 12.61 g L(-1 (53.9% HV, up to 81.2% of the dry cell weight, was obtained. The melting point of PHBV found to be decreased as the fraction of HV present in the polymer increased, which resulted in an improvement in the ductility and flexibility of the polymer. The results of this study will improve the understanding of the PHBV accumulation and production by R. eutropha and will be valuable for the industrial production of biosynthesized polymers.

Tratamiento contra la rabia humana: un poco de su historia

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Maria Cristina Schneider

1994-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una revisión histórica del tratamiento utilizado contra la rabia humana, desde la antigüedad hasta el momento actual. Pretende hacer una analogía entre el concepto de causa predominante en la época y el tipo de tratamiento utilizado. Los griegos antiguos tenían la diosa Artemisa como sanadora de la rabia y ya utilizaban la cauterización de la herida. Los pueblos del siglo I conocían la capacidad infecciosa en la saliva de perros rabiosos, llamando a ese material de veneno virus (en latín. En la Edad Media, cuando prevalecía un concepto mágico y religioso de la salud, el gran protector era San Humberto. Con el Renacimiento surgen nuevamente muchos experimentos y avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, que sentaron las bases para los importantes hallazgos en el futuro próximo. En esa época predominaba la teoría miasmática y del contagio. Pasteur fue un grande opositor de la espontaneidad de la rabia. A finales del siglo XIX, con los descubrimientos microbianos, Pasteur hizo la gran revolución científica en relación al tratamiento contra la rabia, que es la vacuna. Las vacunas pueden actualmente ser de tipo nervioso o no, variando también el numero de dosis recomendadas. Se han desarrollado muchos estudios sobre vacunas, siendo la más utilizada en América Latina del tipo Fuenzalida y Palacios, y la recomendada actualmente por la OMS es la de cultivo celular.

Tratamiento contra la rabia humana: un poco de su historia

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Schneider Maria Cristina

1994-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una revisión histórica del tratamiento utilizado contra la rabia humana, desde la antigüedad hasta el momento actual. Pretende hacer una analogía entre el concepto de causa predominante en la época y el tipo de tratamiento utilizado. Los griegos antiguos tenían la diosa Artemisa como sanadora de la rabia y ya utilizaban la cauterización de la herida. Los pueblos del siglo I conocían la capacidad infecciosa en la saliva de perros rabiosos, llamando a ese material de veneno virus (en latín. En la Edad Media, cuando prevalecía un concepto mágico y religioso de la salud, el gran protector era San Humberto. Con el Renacimiento surgen nuevamente muchos experimentos y avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, que sentaron las bases para los importantes hallazgos en el futuro próximo. En esa época predominaba la teoría miasmática y del contagio. Pasteur fue un grande opositor de la espontaneidad de la rabia. A finales del siglo XIX, con los descubrimientos microbianos, Pasteur hizo la gran revolución científica en relación al tratamiento contra la rabia, que es la vacuna. Las vacunas pueden actualmente ser de tipo nervioso o no, variando también el numero de dosis recomendadas. Se han desarrollado muchos estudios sobre vacunas, siendo la más utilizada en América Latina del tipo Fuenzalida y Palacios, y la recomendada actualmente por la OMS es la de cultivo celular.

Preparation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) Membrane on Porous Polymeric Support via Contra-Diffusion Method

KAUST Repository

Tan, Xiaoyu

2016-01-01

way to
fabricate defect-free and thin ZIF-8 membranes on porous polymeric supports showing high selectivity and high gas permeance. The ZIF-8 layers were produced via a contra-diffusion method. Several polymeric membranes were employed as support

Características y factores de la violencia homicida contra las minorías sexuales en la Ciudad de México, 1995-2013

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Renaud René Boivin

Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo aporta datos y elementos de reflexión sobre víctimas, victimarios y circunstancias de los homicidios cometidos contra minorías sexuales en México D.F. desde mediados de los años 1990. Tras un análisis descriptivo de los mismos, se evocan los principales factores y contextos en los cuales se desencadena la violencia homicida contra personas lesbianas, bisexuales, transexuales, travestis, gays y otros hombres que tienen relaciones sexo-afectivas con varones. En buena medida, estos homicidios están vinculados con los modos de socialización de los varones y con la violencia de género que se ejerce entre ellos, más que con el sentimiento homofóbico de los victimarios. No es sino de forma indirecta que dichos asesinatos son producidos por la discriminación y el estigma contra las minorías sexuales.

Prevalência da violência contra o idoso no Brasil: revisão analítica

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Inayara Oliveira de Santana

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo consiste en una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre la prevalencia de la violencia contra ancianos en el contexto brasileño. Para esto, se realizó un recuento bibliográfico, por medio de estrategia de búsqueda de artículos publicados en las bases de datos LILACS, Periódicos CAPES, PubMed e PsycINFO, entre los años de 2008 y 2013. Se utilizaron los términos “Epidemiology”, “Prevalence” y “Frequency” combinados con “Elder abuse”. De los 2359 artículos recuperados, 06 cumplieron con los criterios de selección establecidos. Los tipos de violencia más prevalentes fueron psicológica, física y robo. En el ámbito regional, las estimativas oscilaron. Se verifica la necesidad de desarrollar más investigaciones sobre la prevalencia de la violencia contra ancianos en ámbito nacional y regional.

Condena judicial contra el ex Presidente Alberto Fujimori: mensaje contra la impunidad y nuevo capítulo en la historia del Perú contemporáneo

OpenAIRE

David Lovatón Palacios

2010-01-01

El artículo analiza desde la perspectiva del derecho de los derechos humanos y desde la posición singular de un abogado que pertenece a una de las organizaciones de derechos humanos que participó representando a "la parte civil" (las víctimas), el proceso judicial seguido en contra de Alberto Fujimori. La mirada de este trabajo es, por sobre todo, la de un testigo de un proceso judicial ejemplar que duró 16 meses que da cuenta de la perseverancia de los familiares de las víctimas, del desempe...

Allocentric and contra-aligned spatial representations of a town environment in blind people.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiesa, Silvia; Schmidt, Susanna; Tinti, Carla; Cornoldi, Cesare

2017-10-01

Evidence concerning the representation of space by blind individuals is still unclear, as sometimes blind people behave like sighted people do, while other times they present difficulties. A better understanding of blind people's difficulties, especially with reference to the strategies used to form the representation of the environment, may help to enhance knowledge of the consequences of the absence of vision. The present study examined the representation of the locations of landmarks of a real town by using pointing tasks that entailed either allocentric points of reference with mental rotations of different degrees, or contra-aligned representations. Results showed that, in general, people met difficulties when they had to point from a different perspective to aligned landmarks or from the original perspective to contra-aligned landmarks, but this difficulty was particularly evident for the blind. The examination of the strategies adopted to perform the tasks showed that only a small group of blind participants used a survey strategy and that this group had a better performance with respect to people who adopted route or verbal strategies. Implications for the comprehension of the consequences on spatial cognition of the absence of visual experience are discussed, focusing in particular on conceivable interventions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Differential staining of Western blots of human secreted glycoproteins from serum, milk, saliva, and seminal fluid using lectins displaying diverse sugar specificities.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilboa-Garber, Nechama; Lerrer, Batya; Lesman-Movshovich, Efrat; Dgani, Orly

2005-12-01

Human milk, serum, saliva, and seminal fluid glycoproteins (gps) nourish and protect newborn and adult tissues. Their saccharides, which resemble cell membrane components, may block pathogen adhesion and infection. In the present study, they were examined by a battery of lectins from plants, animals, and bacteria, using hemagglutination inhibition and Western blot analyses. The lectins included galactophilic ones from Aplysia gonad, Erythrina corallodendron, Maclura pomifera (MPL), peanut, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-IL); fucose-binding lectins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-IIL), Ralstonia solanacearum (RSL), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), and mannose/glucose-binding Con A. The results demonstrated the chosen lectin efficiency for differential analysis of human secreted gps as compared to CBB staining. They unveiled the diversity of these body fluid gp glycans (those of the milk and seminal fluid being highest): the milk gps interacted most strongly with PA-IIL, followed by RSL; the saliva gps with RSL, followed by PA-IIL and MPL; the serum gps with Con A and MPL, followed by PA-IIL and RSL, and the seminal plasma gps with RSL and MPL, followed by UEA-I and PA-IIL. The potential usage of these lectins as probes for scientific, industrial, and medical purposes, and for quality control of the desired gps is clearly indicated.

Antibacterial activity of caffeine against plant pathogenic bacteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Sledz, Wojciech; Los, Emilia; Paczek, Agnieszka; Rischka, Jacek; Motyka, Agata; Zoledowska, Sabina; Piosik, Jacek; Lojkowska, Ewa

2015-01-01

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a plant secondary metabolite - caffeine. Caffeine is present in over 100 plant species. Antibacterial activity of caffeine was examined against the following plant-pathogenic bacteria: Ralstonia solanacearum (Rsol), Clavibacter michiganesis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), Dickeya solani (Dsol), Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), and Xanthomonas campestris subsp. campestris (Xcc). MIC and MBC values ranged from 5 to 20 mM and from 43 to 100 mM, respectively. Caffeine increased the bacterial generation time of all tested species and caused changes in cell morphology. The influence of caffeine on the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins was investigated in cultures of plant pathogenic bacteria with labelled precursors: [(3)H]thymidine, [(3)H]uridine or (14)C leucine, respectively. RNA biosynthesis was more affected than DNA or protein biosynthesis in bacterial cells treated with caffeine. Treatment of Pba with caffeine for 336 h did not induce resistance to this compound. Caffeine application reduced disease symptoms caused by Dsol on chicory leaves, potato slices, and whole potato tubers. The data presented indicate caffeine as a potential tool for the control of diseases caused by plant-pathogenic bacteria, especially under storage conditions.

FORMULA BERBAHAN AKTIF PSEUDOMONAD FLUORESEN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT LAYU PADA CABAI

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Yenny Wuryandari

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Formula with active ingridient of fluorescent pseudomonads and its influence on wilt disease development of pepper. The purpose of this study was to synergize organic fertilizer with biopesticides of fluorescent pseudomonads 122 to be the best formula to increase the resistance of pepper plants to wilt disease. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD, which consisted of four treatments. The treatments were forms of active ingredient formula of fluorescent pseudomonads (powder, pellet, granule, and liquid. The effectiveness of the formula in suppressing development of the disease was measured by observing the incubation period, index of the disease and discoloration of vascular tissue of pepper. The results showed that the disease incubation period of plant treated with liquid and powder formula was longer than formula with granule and pellet. Plants treated with powder formula showed the lowest disease index compared to control, liquid, pellet and granule formula. Disease index and discoloration in vascular tissue was also of the lowest value when the plants were treated with powder formula. This result indicate that active ingredient of fluorescent pseudomonads formulated in powder was the most effective to inhibit the development of wilt disease on pepper caused by Fusarium sp. and Ralstonia solanacearum.

Analyses of natural variation indicates that the absence of RPS4/RRS1 and amino acid change in RPS4 cause loss of their functions and resistance to pathogens.

Science.gov (United States)

Narusaka, Mari; Iuchi, Satoshi; Narusaka, Yoshihiro

2017-03-04

A pair of Arabidopsis thaliana resistance proteins, RPS4 and RRS1, recognizes the cognate Avr effector from the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato expressing avrRps4 (Pst-avrRps4), Ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum and leads to defense signaling activation against the pathogens. In the present study, we analyzed 14 A. thaliana accessions for natural variation in Pst-avrRps4 and C. higginsianum susceptibility, and found new compatible and incompatible Arabidopsis-pathogen interactions. We first found that A. thaliana accession Cvi-0 is susceptible to Pst-avrRps4. Interestingly, the genome sequence assembly indicated that Cvi-0 lost both RPS4 and RRS1, but not RPS4B and RRS1B, compared to the reference genome sequence from A. thaliana accession Col-0. On the other hand, the natural variation analysis of RPS4 alleles from various Arabidopsis accessions revealed that one amino-acid change, Y950H, is responsible for the loss of resistance to Pst-avrRps4 and C. higginsianum in RLD-0. Our data indicate that the amino acid change, Y950H, in RPS4 resulted in the loss of both RPS4 and RRS1 functions and resistance to pathogens.

New detection systems of bacteria using highly selective media designed by SMART: selective medium-design algorithm restricted by two constraints.

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Takeshi Kawanishi

Full Text Available Culturing is an indispensable technique in microbiological research, and culturing with selective media has played a crucial role in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and the isolation of commercially useful microorganisms from environmental samples. Although numerous selective media have been developed in empirical studies, unintended microorganisms often grow on such media probably due to the enormous numbers of microorganisms in the environment. Here, we present a novel strategy for designing highly selective media based on two selective agents, a carbon source and antimicrobials. We named our strategy SMART for highly Selective Medium-design Algorithm Restricted by Two constraints. To test whether the SMART method is applicable to a wide range of microorganisms, we developed selective media for Burkholderia glumae, Acidovorax avenae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris. The series of media developed by SMART specifically allowed growth of the targeted bacteria. Because these selective media exhibited high specificity for growth of the target bacteria compared to established selective media, we applied three notable detection technologies: paper-based, flow cytometry-based, and color change-based detection systems for target bacteria species. SMART facilitates not only the development of novel techniques for detecting specific bacteria, but also our understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the targeted bacteria.

El final de ETA: ¿lucha contra el terrorismo o resolución de conflicto?

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Javier I. García

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza la dinámica y la naturaleza del nuevo proceso de paz puesto en marcha entre la banda terrorista ETA y el Gobierno del presidente Rodríguez Zapatero. Un nuevo esfuerzo por acabar con la violencia de ETA caracterizado por la “indefinición” de su naturaleza, en el que se intentan hacer compatibles dos aproximaciones radicalmente opuestas: la visión desde la perspectiva de la lucha contra el terrorismo y la concepción del proceso como resolución de conflictos. Desarrollar un proceso de paz con ETA sobre la base de la resolución de conflictos y mantener una política de lucha contra el terrorismo resulta conceptualmente incompatible. Igualmente, la imposibilidad del gobierno español, respetando los límites del Estado de Derecho vigente, de aceptar las implicaciones y consecuencias que supone la búsqueda del fin del terrorismo con las reglas y los procedimientos propios de un proceso de resolución de conflictos, convierten a esta estrategia en inviable.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra HTLV-1 en una población negra de Colombia

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María C. Navas

1995-03-01

Full Text Available El virus linfotrópico humano 1 (HTLV-1 ha sido asociado con la leucemia de células T del adulto (ATL y la paraparesia espástica tropical (PET o mielopatía asociada con HTLV-1 (HAM. Aunque la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el HTLV-1 ha sido descrita en diversos países, especialmente en Japón, poco se conoce acerca de este marcador de contacto viral en nuestra población. En este artículo describimos la ausencia de niveles de anticuerpos anti-HTLV-1 en el suero, medidos por la prueba de ELISA, en una población negra de la costa atlántica de Colombia. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que: a este grupo descendiente de África no se ha expuesto al virus; b puede ser que algunos de los individuos incluidos en el estudio estén en período de incubación y, que debido a su juventud, no fue posible demostrar una respuesta humoral contra el virus; y, c como ha sido descrito en otros estudios, la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-HTLV- 1 varía entre las diferentes regiones de Colombia.

Análisis, sistematización y elaboración de propuestas de mejora en el tratamiento de casos de violencia contra la mujer en aplicación de las normas del Nuevo Código Procesal Penal

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Pita Chávez, Julia Mercedes

2014-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el examen de la aplicación de las normas del Nuevo Código Procesal Penal desde una perspectiva de género como respuesta a los requerimientos propios de la mujeres víctimas de delitos de violencia de género, específicamente: 1) los delitos contra la salud integral (lesiones graves y leves), 2) delitos contra la libertad sexual (violación sexual de mujeres mayores de edad), 3) delitos contra la indemnidad sexual (violación sexual de menores y actos contra el pudo...

Electric power production contra electricity savings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schleisner, L.; Grohnheit, P.E.; Soerensen, H.

1991-01-01

The expansion of electricity-producing plants has, in Denmark until now, taken place in accordance with the demand for electricity. Recently, it has been suggested that the cost of the further development of such systems is greater than the cost of instigating and carrying out energy conservation efforts. The aim of the project was to evaluate the consequences for power producing plants of a reduction of the electricity consumption of end-users. A method for the analysis of the costs involved in the system and operation of power plants contra the costs that are involved in saving electricity is presented. In developing a model of this kind, consideration is given to the interplay of the individual saving project and the existing or future electricity supply. Thus it can be evaluated to what extent it would be advisable to substitute investments in the development of the capacity of the power plants with investments in the reduction of electricity consumption by the end users. This model is described in considerable detail. It will be tested in representative situations and locations throughout the Nordic countries. (AB) 17 refs

Gender differences in homicide in Contra Costa County, California: 1982-1993.

Science.gov (United States)

Pratt, C; Deosaransingh, K

1997-01-01

Homicide is the third leading cause of injury death for women in the United States. However, few studies have examined the circumstances specific to female homicide. This study examines gender differences in circumstances surrounding homicides in Contra Costa County for a 12-year period. Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data for Contra Costa County from 1982 through 1993 were analyzed. Variables examined were gender of the victim, victim-offender relationship, age of victim, weapon used, location of homicide, precipitating circumstances, and gender of the offender. Forty-six percent of the women were killed by their spouse, other family member, or intimate partner, compared to only 11.4% of men. In contrast, men were more likely to be killed by a stranger than women (17.9% versus 10.9%, P = .02). A higher percentage of women than men were killed with a blunt object, a personal weapon (i.e., fists, feet, and teeth), or other weapon (24.9% versus 10.6%, p < .01), and in a residence (60.1% versus 34.8%, P < .001). Men were more likely than women to be killed by a firearm, in a public place (i.e., a parking lot or street), and while a felony was being committed. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that many female homicides may be the result of domestic violence, belying the myth that the principal perpetrators of homicides against women are strangers. The differences between female and male homicides indicate that gender-specific prevention strategies need to be pursued.

Progress in the eradication of violence against women Adelantos en la erradicación de la violencia contra la mujer

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1998-03-01

Full Text Available En las dos últimas décadas se ha reconocido en varios foros internacionales que la violencia contra la mujer constituye una violación de los derechos humanos merecedora de mayor atención y de medidas más enérgicas. Motivados por iniciativas internacionales en torno al problema --entre ellas las expresadas en las sexta y séptima conferencias de Esposas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de las Américas (1996 y 1997-- muchos países de la Región están tomando medidas para prevenir la violencia cuyo origen radica en el sexo del individuo y para ayudar a sus víctimas. Entre estas iniciativas figuran actividades de alcance nacional, como el fortalecimiento de las pautas y políticas legales en torno a la violencia contra la mujer, y también actividades de carácter comunitario, tales como la creación de redes de acción en el seno de la comunidad. En este informe se examinan brevemente algunas de las medidas que los países han adoptado a fin de eliminar las actitudes y comportamientos que obstaculizan la erradicación de la violencia contra la mujer.

LA PASIÓN DE LA CRUELDAD. EL PAPA FRANCISCO CONTRA LA PENA DE MUERTE - THE PASSION OF CRUELTY. POPE FRANCIS AGAINST DEATH PENALTY

OpenAIRE

Arroyo Zapatero, Luis; Papa Francisco; Carlés, Roberto Manuel; Mayor Zaragoza, Federico; Cuesta de la, José Luis

2016-01-01

El 20 de marzo de 2015 el Papa Francisco recibió en audiencia privada al presidente de la Comisión Internacional contra la Pena de Muerte Federico Mayor Zaragoza, a quien acompañaron la Secretaria General, Asunta Vivó y los profesores Roberto Carlés y Luis Arroyo Zapatero, fundadores de la Red Académica Internacional contra la Pena de muerte y, respectivamente, Secretario General de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Derecho penal y Criminología el primero y presidente de la Société Internat...

Evaluación de un programa de lucha contra la pobreza extrema en México desde una perspectiva cualitativa y microsociológica

OpenAIRE

Jorge Arzate Salgado

2006-01-01

El fenómeno de la pobreza es hoy en día un gran problema para América Latina, ante lo cual los gobiernos han venido desarrollando diversas alternativas de política social para tratar de reducir sus efectos. Por tanto, es necesario plantear alternativas metodológicas para evaluar el funcionamiento y efectos de los programas de lucha contra la pobreza. En este sentido, el artículo presenta una experiencia de evaluación de un programa de lucha contra pobreza extrema desde una perspectiva cualita...

Lecciones de El Lado Tenebroso: las moralejas de la historia de la guerra de EE.UU. contra el terrorismo

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Christine Cervenak

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El gobierno del Presidente Bush justificó las múltiples violaciones a la Constitución de EE.UU., los principios fundamentales de gobierno del país, y las disposiciones de los tratados internacionales, aduciendo que tales transgresiones eran necesarias debido a la guerra contra el terrorismo. En el libro The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals [El Lado Tenebroso: los Entretelones de la Transformación de la Guerra contra el Terrorismo en una Guerra contra los Ideales Estadounidenses], su autora, Jane Mayer, demuestra claramente cómo la combinación nefasta del débil liderazgo del Presidente George W. Bush, junto con el celo e inclinación por el secreto del Vicepresidente Richard Cheney, erosionaron el tejido legal y las políticas de Estados Unidos que protegen los derechos fundamentales. El presente artículo se basa en el trabajo de Mayer para explicar cómo los funcionarios estadounidenses crearon un torcido marco legal y de políticas públicas, la forma en que se descubrieron los actos frecuentemente ilegales en que incurrieron y las lecciones que de ello pueden extraerse para América Latina.

La guerra contra el terrorismo y el estado de derecho

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Owen M. Fiss

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La guerra contra el terrorismo -expresión política que se ha empleado para movilizar a la sociedad estadounidense hacia sucesivas guerras después de los ataques del 11 de septiembre- ha tenido consecuencias especialmente gravosas para Estados Unidos, pero muy especialmente para la Constitución y el imperio del derecho. En este artículo se revisan las políticas y prácticas que han puesto en entredicho el imperio del derecho en temas tan vitales y sensibles como la prohibición de la tortura, la privacidad de las comunicaciones entre privados, el debido proceso y las garantías procesales.

O agente comunitário de saúde e a violência contra a mulher DOI:10.5007/1807-0221.2011v8n12p69

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Leide Sayuri Ogasawara

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A violência é o uso intencional de força física ou do poder, real ou em ameaça, contra si próprio, contra outra pessoa ou contra um grupo ou uma comunidade e que resulte ou tenha possibilidade de resultar em lesão, morte, dano psicológico, deficiência de desenvolvimento ou privação. A violência, nos seus vários tipos (doméstica, sexual, física e psicológica, já é considerada uma endemia que afeta a saúde individual e coletiva. A Casa da Mulher Catarina, projeto de extensão do Departamento de Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, atuou em 2010 na disseminação do conhecimento sobre a violência contra a mulher. Realizou capacitação para 174 agentes comunitários de saúde (ACSs das Unidades de Saúde de São José/SC, com o objetivo de sensibilizá-los sobre a violência. Ao final, avaliaram-se as atividades com perguntas sobre a violência, as quais foram aprovadas pelo Comitê de Ética da UFSC/CEPSH, sob o número 790/2010. A maioria, 72%, respondeu que às vezes a mulher é tratada com respeito no Brasil; 22% responderam que a mulher não é respeitada, 4% responderam que a mulher é tratada com respeito; e 2% não responderam. O ambiente apontado como sendo o de maior desrespeito foi a sociedade (38%, seguido do familiar (35%, do local de trabalho (25%, e (2% não responderam e/ou responderam ser em outros locais. Os ACSs mostraram desconhecimento do assunto e interesse por ele. Acredita-se que a capacitação atingiu as expectativas, e que agora os agentes saibam identificar a violência contra a mulher na sua comunidade e sejam multiplicadores das ações contra a violência.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER POR PARCEIRO ÍNTIMO: (IN VISIBILIDADE DO PROBLEMA

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Daniele Ferreira Acosta

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las razones que llevan a la violencia contra la mujer y describir los actos perpetrados por su pareja. Investigación documental, cualitativa realizada en el Servicio de Policía Especializada en Atención a Mujeres. Se analizaron 902 informes registrados entre Agosto/2009 y Diciembre/2011, cuyas víctimas tenían al menos dieciocho años. Se recolectaron los datos de las ocurrencias, describiendo literalmente, las historias de las víctimas y su tratamiento fue a través del análisis de contenido. Fue identificados como factores desencadenantes de la violencia: la supremacía masculina como generadora de sufrimiento y sumisión, los problemas derivados del uso de drogas, los problemas relacionados con los niños y la división de los bienes. La gravedad fue escalada por las consecuencias a la víctima y su familia. El personal de enfermería como parte de la red de apoyo, debe entender este fenómeno como un problema de salud y esforzarse por romper las barreras que impidan el servicio eficaz y eficiente, auxiliando en el fortalecimiento de la autonomía de las mujeres, incluyendo a los hombres en acciones de combate y prevención de la violencia contra las mujeres.

La violencia contra mujeres brasileñas en las esferas pública y mediática

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2018-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo indaga sobre la capacidad que tienen los medios de comunicación para incorporar controversias que circulan en la esfera pública. Para eso, se basa en el análisis de un conjunto de 607 relatos periodísticos sobre violencias contra mujeres en contextos de relaciones de género y de proximidad, recolectados en nueve medios brasileños durante los años 2013 y 2014. Reconocido como uno de los países con más altos índices de violencia contra las mujeres, Brasil aprobó en las últimas décadas leyes destinadas a proteger a las víctimas y a agravar las condenas de los agresores, procesos que resultaron de intensos debates promovidos por feministas, investigadores y otros actores sociales comprometidos con la defensa de los derechos humanos. Los relatos recolectados fueron publicados en los años inmediatamente anteriores a la promulgación de la Ley del Feminicidio, en 2015. Abordados a través de una combinación de metodologías, como análisis de contenido y análisis de narrativa, los relatos periodísticos muestran a los medios todavía poco permeables al entendimiento de las violencias contra mujeres como resultado de relaciones de género, prevaleciendo enfoques de crímenes rutinarios y/o fútiles. Por lo tanto, el análisis hace posible percibir que los medios de comunicación están algunos pasos detrás de las acciones y debates que se dan en espacios académicos, por movimientos feministas y otros actores sociales que en Brasil se ocupan de este problema, elevándolo a la dimensión de controversia.

Violência contra mulheres rurais: gênero e ações de saúde

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Marta Cocco da Costa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Analisar, a partir da categoria analítica de gênero, as dimensões que a violência contra mulheres rurais assume nas concepções de gestores, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde de municípios da metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 56 participantes, constituídos de gestores municipais, profissionais e trabalhadores da saúde que atuam em áreas rurais. A geração de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada. Foi utilizada análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Observou-se o poder e a autoridade do homem como provedor e chefe da casa. A mulher rural é vista sob a ótica da relação de serviço, subordinação e obediência. A presença dos preconceitos e das desigualdades concretas de gênero estimula as práticas discriminatórias, justifica a violência doméstica e limita os direitos das mulheres. Conclusão: Conclui-se que para a maioria dos entrevistados a violência contra as mulheres rurais é naturalizada, tornando-se uma problemática de difícil inserção no campo da saúde.

Desenvolvimento de protocolo para microenxertia do tomateiro Lycopersicon esculentum Mill = Developmental of protocol for micrograffiting to tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

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Luciano Façanha Marques

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A murcha bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, é a principal doença vascular de plantas em todo o mundo. O agente causal é uma bactéria que ocorre em todas as regiões do Brasil, predominando em condições de umidade e temperatura elevadas, fatores propícios aodesenvolvimento do patógeno. Este agente causal é de difícil controle, pois sobrevive nos mais diversos hospedeiros, especialmente Solanaceas, além de outras famílias de importância alimentar, condimentar e medicinal. O uso de espécies do gênero Solanum na enxertia convencional e minienxertia em tomateiro Lycopersicon esculentum é limitada em função da incompatibilidade. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o método da microenxertia para obtenção de plantas resistentes a doenças como a murcha bacteriana, tendo como cavalo a espécie Solanum palinacanthum Dun. Utilizaram-se dois métodos de microenxertia: convencional em T-invertido e corte em bisel. Foram testados meios de culturas para execução das duas práticas demicropropagação; para isso, realizou-se experimento em diferentes condições ambientais, com presença e ausência de luminosidade e diferentes tratamentos correspondentes a teores de açúcares e sais, submetidos a cinco avaliações com intervalos semanais. Melhor resultado foi encontrado quando se utilizou microenxertia em T-invertido e meio de cultura constituído de sais de MS1/8 de força acrescido de 30 g L-1 de sacarose.The bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most important vascular disease among plants in the world. The causal agent is a strain of bacteria found in all regions of Brazil, mainly in places with high humidity and temperature. This bacterium is difficult to control with chemical products, being able to survive in diverse hosts, especially in species of Solanaceae as well as other families of great food, condimental, or medicinal importance. The use of species of the genus Solanum has been attempted, but the

Control of tomato bacterial wilt through the incorporation of aerial part of pigeon pea and crotalaria to soil Controle da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro pela incorporação da parte aérea de guandu e crotalária no solo

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Suane C. Cardoso

2006-03-01

Full Text Available The use of organic matter that improves the physical, chemical and biological soil properties has been studied as an inducer of suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different sources and concentrations of organic matter on tomato bacterial wilt control. Two commercially available organic composts and freshly cut aerial parts of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea were incorporated, in concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 % (v/v, into soil infested with Ralstonia solanacearum. The soil with the fresh organic matter of pigeon pea and crotalaria was incubated for 30 and 60 days before planting. Tomato seedlings of cv. Santa Clara were transplanted into polyethylene bags with 3 kg of the planting substrate (infested soil + organic matter. The wilting symptoms and percentage of flowering plants were evaluated for 45 days. All evaluated concentrations with incorporation and incubation for 30 days of aerial parts of pigeon pea and crotalaria controlled 100% tomato bacterial wilt. With 60 days of incubation, only the 10 % concentration of pigeon pea and crotalaria did not control the disease. These results suggest that soil incorporation of fresh aerial parts of pigeon pea and crotalaria is an effective method for bacterial wilt control.A utilização de materiais orgânicos que melhoram as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo vem sendo estudada como indutora de supressividade a fitopatógenos habitantes do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes e concentrações de matéria orgânica no controle da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro. Foram avaliados dois compostos orgânicos comerciais e a matéria fresca cortada da parte aérea de guandu (Cajanus cajan e de crotalária (Crotalaria juncea, nas concentrações 10, 20 e 30 % (v/v, incorporados no solo infestado com Ralstonia solanacearum. O solo que recebeu a parte

Evaluación de la eficacia de un programa de intervención para la violencia contra la pareja en pacientes adictos en tratamiento

OpenAIRE

Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso

2016-01-01

Esta tesis es un trabajo empírico en el que se evalúa la eficacia de un programa de intervención para la violencia contra la pareja en pacientes adictos en tratamiento. En la parte teórica se realiza una revisión de los conceptos relacionados con la violencia contra la pareja en personas adictas a drogas. Empezando por conceptos relacionados con la violencia en la pareja, se describen aspectos relacionados con el perfil de la persona agresora en la pareja. A continuación se descri...

Production of fatty acids in Ralstonia eutropha H16 by engineering β-oxidation and carbon storage

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Janice S.; Colón, Brendan; Dusel, Brendon; Ziesack, Marika; Torella, Joseph P.

2015-01-01

Ralstonia eutropha H16 is a facultatively autotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium capable of producing polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based bioplastics. As PHB’s physical properties may be improved by incorporation of medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCFAs), and MCFAs are valuable on their own as fuel and chemical intermediates, we engineered R. eutropha for MCFA production. Expression of UcFatB2, a medium-chain-length-specific acyl-ACP thioesterase, resulted in production of 14 mg/L laurate in wild-type R. eutropha. Total fatty acid production (22 mg/L) could be increased up to 2.5-fold by knocking out PHB synthesis, a major sink for acetyl-CoA, or by knocking out the acyl-CoA ligase fadD3, an entry point for fatty acids into β-oxidation. As ΔfadD3 mutants still consumed laurate, and because the R. eutropha genome is predicted to encode over 50 acyl-CoA ligases, we employed RNA-Seq to identify acyl-CoA ligases upregulated during growth on laurate. Knockouts of the three most highly upregulated acyl-CoA ligases increased fatty acid yield significantly, with one strain (ΔA2794) producing up to 62 mg/L free fatty acid. This study demonstrates that homologous β-oxidation systems can be rationally engineered to enhance fatty acid production, a strategy that may be employed to increase yield for a range of fuels, chemicals, and PHB derivatives in R. eutropha. PMID:26664804

Production of fatty acids in Ralstonia eutropha H16 by engineering β-oxidation and carbon storage

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Janice S. Chen

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Ralstonia eutropha H16 is a facultatively autotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium capable of producing polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB-based bioplastics. As PHB’s physical properties may be improved by incorporation of medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCFAs, and MCFAs are valuable on their own as fuel and chemical intermediates, we engineered R. eutropha for MCFA production. Expression of UcFatB2, a medium-chain-length-specific acyl-ACP thioesterase, resulted in production of 14 mg/L laurate in wild-type R. eutropha. Total fatty acid production (22 mg/L could be increased up to 2.5-fold by knocking out PHB synthesis, a major sink for acetyl-CoA, or by knocking out the acyl-CoA ligase fadD3, an entry point for fatty acids into β-oxidation. As ΔfadD3 mutants still consumed laurate, and because the R. eutropha genome is predicted to encode over 50 acyl-CoA ligases, we employed RNA-Seq to identify acyl-CoA ligases upregulated during growth on laurate. Knockouts of the three most highly upregulated acyl-CoA ligases increased fatty acid yield significantly, with one strain (ΔA2794 producing up to 62 mg/L free fatty acid. This study demonstrates that homologous β-oxidation systems can be rationally engineered to enhance fatty acid production, a strategy that may be employed to increase yield for a range of fuels, chemicals, and PHB derivatives in R. eutropha.

Impacto laboral de la violencia contra las mujeres en el Municipio de San Ignacio de Velasco, Santa Cruz-Bolivia, año 2014

OpenAIRE

Saucedo Tapanache, Marlies

2016-01-01

Bolivia es uno de los países cuyo índice de violencia contra las mujeres y la tasa de feminicidio son los más altos de Latinoamérica. Según datos de la "Fuerza especial de la lucha Contra la Violencia" dichas estadísticas han aumentado para el año 2014. Detrás de cada mujer violentada o asesinada no solo se esconde una historia de sufrimiento, también acarrea consecuencias para quienes las rodean, como el centro donde laboran, sean estos públicos o privados. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto la...

Contração de Lorentz, lei de Gauss e lei de Ampère

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Ortiz Olivia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Mostramos como obter a expressão para a contração de Lorentz dos comprimentos, a partir das leis de Gauss e Ampère, sem qualquer conhecimento da teoria da relatividade especial de Einstein. Mostramos em seguida que tal resultado é consistente com a transformação relativística dos campos elétrico e magnético.

Estudo comparativo da capacidade de contração do assoalho pélvico em atletas de voleibol e basquetebol

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Ariana Oliveira Reis

2011-04-01

Full Text Available As modalidades esportivas de alto impacto podem produzir um aumento exagerado e frequente na pressão intra-abdominal, um dos fatores desencadeadores da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE em atletas. Foi realizado um estudo com 20 atletas, sendo 10 de basquetebol e 10 de voleibol, do tipo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e comparativo, no qual foi comparada a capacidade de contração do assoalho pélvico (AP entre atletas de voleibol e basquetebol, e então correlacionadas com sintomas de IUE. A avaliação das atletas foi composta por um questionário, a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA e avaliação da capacidade de contração do AP através do Biofeedback Eletromiográfico Fênix®. Após a avaliação, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante com relação à capacidade de contração do assoalho pélvico entre atletas de basquetebol e voleibol; porém, ambas as modalidades apresentaram atletas com relatos de perda involuntária de urina mediante esforço físico, com maior proporção no grupo de atletas de basquetebol.

La influencia de las redes de políticas públicas en el proceso de implementación del Programa Nacional contra la violencia familiar y sexual como política de control para la reducción de la violencia contra la mujer aplicada por el Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables durante el período 2001-2014

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Véliz Valladolid, Laura Liliana

2016-01-01

El propósito del presente estudio es investigar desde el punto de vista de la Ciencia Política cómo las redes de políticas públicas han intervenido en el proceso de implementación del Programa Nacional contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual como política de control aplicada por el Estado para la lucha contra la violencia hacia la mujer. Tesis

Anticorpos contra vírus de galinha em cracídeos Detection of antibodies against commercial poultry viruses in cracids

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Helton Fernandes dos Santos

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Os cracídeos são Galliformes silvestres das Américas. Com o objetivo de investigar a presença de anticorpos contra vírus de galinhas em cracídeos, foram coletadas 51 amostras de soro de 10 diferentes espécies dessas aves. Esses animais eram mantidos em criatórios conservacionistas e zoológicos nos Municípios de Santa Maria, Soledade, Passo Fundo, Sapucaia, Gravataí, Viamão e Três Coroas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Anticorpos neutralizantes foram detectados em 5,9% (3/51 do total de amostras testadas contra o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas, 15,7% (8/51 contra o reovírus aviário e 35,3% (18/51 contra o vírus da doença infecciosa da bolsa. Todas as amostras foram negativas para o vírus da bouba aviária no teste de IDGA. A detecção de anticorpos para vírus de aves comerciais sugere que os cracídeos podem ser susceptíveis à infecção por esses vírus.The cracids are wild Galliformes native from the Americas. Fifty one serum samples were collected from individuals of 10 different species of cracids in order to obtain information regarding to the antibody status of different viruses. These birds were kept in shelters and zoos localized in Santa Maria, Soledade, Passo Fundo, Sapucaia, Gravataí, Viamão and Três Coroas counties, in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in the individuals serum from different species specific referring to infectious bronchitis virus in 5.9% (3/51 of the samples, to avian reovirus in 15.7% (8/51 and, to infectious bursal disease virus in 35.3% (18/51. All samples were negative for fowlpox virus, as measured by IDGA test. The detection of commercial poultry viruses antibodies suggests that cracids could be susceptible to infection by those viruses.

Provada amb èxit en cabres una nova vacuna contra la tuberculosi

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Pérez del Val, Bernat

2014-01-01

Investigadors del CReSA proven per primer cop i amb èxit una nova vacuna contra la tuberculosi que millora la protecció de l’única vacuna existent en l’actualitat, l’eficàcia de la qual és força limitada. Els estudis s’han realitzat emprant cabres domèstiques, que reprodueixen amb elevada similitud les característiques patològiques i la resposta immunològica a la infecció tuberculosa activa en humans i que, pel fet de ser hostes naturals de la tuberculosi, també permeten estudiar l’ús potenci...

Luchando infructuosamente contra la hidra: un modelo sencillo del narcotráfico

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Ortiz Carlos Humberto

2002-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un modelo sencillo del narcotráfico que incorpora los riesgos de esta actividad. El modelo contribuye a explicar dos características notables del narcotráfico: la generación de ganancias extraordinarias y la gran capacidad de reproducción en condiciones de prohibición y represión. El modelo genera una relación directa entre la represión a la oferta –la estrategia
dominante de lucha contra el narcotráfico– y las características mencionadas.

Estado imune contra o vírus vacinal (17D da febre amarela em duas populações do Estado da Bahia

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Santos-Torres Sandro

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A ocorrência de casos de febre amarela (FA e a ampla distribuição do A. aegypti no Brasil, motivou o estudo da estimativa da proteção imune contra o vírus amarílico vacinal (17D em moradores de duas cidades do Estado da Bahia, Ipupiara (n = 461 e Prado (n = 228. Nesta área não-endêmica de FA, a pesquisa de anticorpos séricos contra o 17D (Ac17D e contra 18 outros arbovírus, foi realizada pelo método da inibição da hemaglutinação (IH. Somente 1,2% (8/689 dos indivíduos apresentaram Ac17D, sendo seis com resposta monotípica. A resposta sorológica do tipo heterotípica para Flavivírus (FLV foi interpretada também como associada à resposta imune ao 17D, sendo mais freqüente em Prado (30,3% do que em Ipupiara (23,2%. A idade > ou = 50 anos e moradia em outros Estados foram associadas com a soropositividade para FLV, do mesmo modo que a história de vacinação (17D. Mas, a história de vacinação apresentou baixos percentuais de sensibilidade (£ 45,4% e de valor preditivo-positivo ( ou = 70,8% e do valor preditivo-negativo ( > ou = 78,8%. Em conclusão, foi baixa a freqüência (1,2% de moradores com Ac17D, apesar da freqüência maior (25,5% de portadores de anticorpos FLV, o que significa que 26,7% da população estudada pode apresentar proteção contra o vírus da FA.

La embestida conservadora contra el derecho social a la educación pública

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Telésforo Nava Vázquez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available La ofensiva contra la educación pública forma parte del cambio de época que la reforma conservadora, desde1983, ha impuesto en nuestro país, con el objetivo estratégico de cambiar las relaciones sociales entre el capital y el trabajo, para lo cual ha desmantelado los contratos colectivos de trabajo y, sobre todo, reduce y privatiza los derechos sociales plasmados en la Constitución de 1917.

[Physiological and biochemical characteristics and capacity for polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis in a glucose-utilizing strain of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, Ralstonia eutropha B8562].

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Volova, T G; Kozhevnikov, I V; Dolgopolova, Iu B; Trusova, M Iu; Kalacheva, G S; Aref'eva, Iu V

2005-01-01

The physiological, biochemical, genetic, and cultural characteristics of the glucose-utilizing mutant strain Ralstonia eutropha B8562 were investigated in comparison with the parent strain R. eutropha B5786. The morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics of strain R. eutropha B8562 were similar to those of strain R. eutropha B5786. Genetic analysis revealed differences between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these strains. The growth characteristics of the mutant using glucose as the sole carbon and energy source were comparable with those of the parent strain grown on fructose. Strain B8562 was characterized by high yields of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from different carbon sources (CO2, fructose, and glucose). In batch culture with glucose under nitrogen limitation, PHA accumulation reached 90% of dry weight. In PHA, beta-hydroxybutyrate was predominant (over 99 mol %); beta-hydroxyvalerate (0.25-0.72 mol %) and beta-hydroxyhexanoate (0.008-1.5 mol %) were present as minor components. The strain has prospects as a PHA producer on glucose-containing media.

NO WORD MOVIE: CHANTAL AKERMAN Y EL SILENCIO COMO CONTRA-ARCHIVO DE SENTIMIENTOS

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Cecilia Macón

2018-01-01

Full Text Available ¿Qué significa el silencio? ¿Cuáles son los desafíos a los que se enfrentan las personas que deciden no hablar sobre su pasado traumático? ¿Esta decisión implica una actitud escéptica? Se trata de preguntas que suelen hacerse historiadores y cientistas sociales a la hora de dar cuenta de la experiencia de testigos que se niegan a hablar del pasado traumático del que han sido protagonistas. La última película de Chantal Akerman, No Home Movie (2014, se presenta justamente como una indagación alrededor de este tema. En el marco del relato de los días previos a la muerte de la madre de la directora se da cuenta de su negativa a hablar de su experiencia como prisionera en Auschwitz. Este artículo se centra en indagar en el modo en que las estrategias estéticas de Akerman implican la constitución de la memoria como un contra-archivo de sentimientos. Las operaciones retóricas aquí analizadas implican un modo de pensar el silencio sobre el trauma con una espesura afectiva particular: el silencio, ya no como puro vacío, sino como resultado de la colisión de afectos supuestamente incompatibles en tanto marca del trauma, destinado a la constitución de tal contra-archivo.

A violência contra o idoso: dimensão ética e política de uma problemática em ascensão

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Lenilde Duarte de Sá; Maria de Oliveira Ferreira Filha; Márcia Virgínia Di Lorenzo Florêncio

2007-01-01

A violência contra os idosos é um fenômeno evidente dentro do atual processo de envelhecimento populacional mundial. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre o tema da violência contra os idosos, apoiada em artigos científicos publicados. Trata-se de uma atualização, que além de abordar temas principais do assunto, pretende enfatizar como o mesmo é tratado pela atual política de saúde do idoso no Brasil, e também dar um enfoque ético. Percebe-se que a questão da violência c...

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira en personas asintomáticos y en perros de Chancay, Lima 2001

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Manuel Céspedes

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospiras en personas asintomáticas dedicadas a la agricultura, pesca y comercio y en perros domésticos de localidades de Chancay (Huaral, Lima. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico, se tomó muestras de suero de 268 pobladores de tres localidades, en quienes se evaluó la presencia de anticuerpos totales contra Leptospiras por el método de ELISA IgG y la prueba de microaglutinación (MAT. Se buscaron los factores asociados con la positividad a Leptospiras calculando el OR con su intervalo de confianza al 95%. De la misma manera, se tomó muestras de suero de 241 perros a los que se realizó la prueba de MAT. Resultados. La prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira en población asintomática fue de 10,1% (IC95%: 6,3-13,9, la cual estuvo asociada con el abastecimiento de agua para consumo en quebrada o pozo (OR: 3,48, IC95%: 1,39-8,74, con el antecedente de nadar en el río o acequia (OR: 4,75, IC95%: 1,51-14,92 y con tener una edad entre 21-40 años (OR: 2,47, IC95%: 1,10-5,52. Los serovares más frecuentes fueron Icterohaemorrhagiae y Canicola según MAT. En canes, 27,8% (67/241 tuvieron serología positiva a leptospiras. Conclusiones. Existe una mediana prevalencia de serología positiva para Leptospiras en la población general asintomática y condiciones favorables para la presencia de Leptospiras en las localidades estudiadas. En estas zonas se recomienda realizar actividades educativas preventivas frecuentes, tomando en cuenta los resultados de este estudio y el personal de salud debe sospechar de la leptospirosis como una causa de enfermedad febril.

La lucha de la UE contra el actual crimen organizado: un reto esencial… pero difícil

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Claudia Jiménez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Si la lucha contra la delincuencia organizada requiere en general de un elevado grado de cooperación entre los estados, en el caso de la Unión Europea, con un espacio interior sin fronteras para casi todo, esto resulta insoslayable. Los estados miembros, conscientes de ello, han hecho esfuerzos por avanzar juntos en esta lucha. La creación de nuevas herramientas de cooperación y el uso de organismos autónomos como las agencias han sido pasos importantes, pero están lejos de ser suficientes. Para progresar en este sentido, es imprescindible superar el recelo derivado de la defensa de una soberanía hoy en día más imaginaria que real y, sobre todo, es necesaria una mayor armonización de estándares de seguridad, protección de derechos fundamentales y garantías del Estado de derecho que permitan un mayor grado de confianza mutua, imprescindible para una acción conjunta más eficaz contra este tipo de delincuencia.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella sp. En donantes del banco de sangre de un hospital de Lima

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Abel Ortega

2007-10-01

Full Text Available El Perú es un país endémico de Brucelosis, por lo que existe el riesgo de transmisión a través de sangre donada por no ser parte del tamizaje regular que realizan los bancos de sangre. Para conocer la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, se analizó 1003 muestras de suero. La prueba tamiz fue Rosa de Bengala (RB; las muestras positivas fueron evaluadas por las pruebas de aglutinación en tubo (AT y 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME. Dos donantes fueron positivos a RB, confirmados por AT y 2-ME, se encontró una prevalencia de 0,20% (IC99%: 0,01-0,92. Se demostró la presencia de donantes portadores de anticuerpos contra Brucella con posible Brucelosis activa, evidenciándose la posibilidad de transmisión de esta infección. Se debe realizar mayores estudios con la finalidad de conocer la realidad de otros bancos de sangre.

Efecto antimicrobiano de Psidium guajava L. contra Salmonella typhymurium en Cavia porcellus L.

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Pineda Castillo, Carlos Alberto

2013-01-01

La explotación de cobayos es una actividad económica muy difundida en la zona andina del Perú, la cual tiene que sortear una serie de dificultades, siendo la mas importante de todas la salmonelosis. En consecuencia, para remediar dicho problema, sin incrementar los costes de producción, se opto por emplear la medicina alternativa con recursos propios de la zona. Es así, que se probó la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto etanólico de hojas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) contra Salmonella e...

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE: REFLEXÃO SOBRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

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QUITÉRIA CLARICE MAGALHÃES CARVALHO

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia ocupa un destacado lugar en la sociedad moderna y se configura como un problema de salud pública. El objetivo fue narrar sobre las políticas relacionadas a la violencia contra el niño y el adolescente. Estudio documental, reflexivo, entre los años 1982 a 2006. A través de los datos se formuló la siguiente categoría: las políticas públicas frente a la violencia contra niños y adolescentes. Se deduce que la manera como los mismos han sido tratados, oscila entre la negligencia, punición y medidas puramente asistenciales. Los estatutos, los códigos y las leyes existen, aparentemente hacen falta medidas enérgicas, para que los mismos se tornen efectivos. Es imprescindible el desarrollo de actividades que ofrezcan a los niños y a los adolescentes posibilidades de una vida plena de respeto. El fenómeno de la violencia debe remitir a la sociedad a la lucha incansable para el ejercicio de la democracia. Entre los elementos sociales, se distingue el enfermero, siempre presente en los diversos ambientes de atención al niño y al adolescente, pudiendo contribuir de manera significativa en la detección, prevención y notificación de tal fenómeno.

Fatores associados à violência contra mulheres profissionais do sexo de dez cidades brasileiras

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Francisca Sueli da Silva Lima

Full Text Available Resumo: No Brasil, há um limitado número de estudos sobre violência contra mulheres profissionais do sexo, tema que vem instigando pesquisadores em todo o mundo, estimulados principalmente por possíveis associações desta com o HIV. Este trabalho objetiva estimar a prevalência de violência contra mulheres profissionais do sexo, segundo natureza e perpetrador, e identificar os fatores associados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com dados de 2.523 mulheres profissionais do sexo de dez cidades brasileiras, recrutadas pelo método respondent-driven sampling (RDS. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de violência verbal foi de 59,5%; violência física 38,1%; sexual 37,8%. Violência física por parceiro íntimo, 25,2%; por clientes, 11,7%. Dentre os fatores associados à violência física estão: idade < 30 anos (ORa = 2,27; IC95%: 1,56-3,29; uso de drogas (ORa = 2,02; IC95%: 1,54-2,65; valor do programa até R$ 29,00 (ORa = 1,51; IC95%: 1,07-2,13. Conclui-se que as mulheres profissionais do sexo brasileiras vivenciam uma carga desproporcional de violência. Identificar fatores de vulnerabilidade é fundamental para as intervenções que garantam direitos humanos e controle do HIV.

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA GESTANTES EM DELEGACIAS ESPECIALIZADAS NO ATENDIMENTO À MULHER DE TERESINA-PI

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Ariane Gomes dos Santos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia contra la mujer es definida como cualquier acción o conducta basada en violencia de género, que cause muerte, daño o sufrimiento físico, sexual o psicológico. El objetivo fue medir el fenómeno de la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres embarazadas mediante la denuncia de maltrato en Comisarías Especializadas en Atención a la Mujer, en Teresina- -PI. Investigación cuantitativa del tipo análisis documental, retrospectivo. Para recolectar datos se utilizó un formulario semiestructurado. La muestra estuvo conformada por 71 notificaciones policiales de mujeres embarazadas violadas en 2008 en dos Comisarías de la Mujer de Teresina-PI. Se observó que 42,3% de las embarazadas era ama de casa; 31,0% tenía entre 22 y 26 años de edad; los principales responsables por la violencia fueron sus compañeros (38,0%, maridos (18,3% y ex- -compañeros (18,3%; se destacaron los tipos de violencia física (32,5%, psicológica (31,7% y moral (30%. Se concluyó que la población de embarazadas que denunció a su pareja no fue significativa, probablemente por tornarse más manejables ante las promesas del compañero de no volver a agredirla.

Repressão e violência de Estado contra os segmentos populares durante os governos militares. Rivail Carvalho Rolim

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Rivail Carvalho Rolim

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Inúmeras pesquisas analisaram variados aspectos acerca do exercício do poder durante o regime militar, destacando inclusive a repressão e a violência levada a cabo pelas forças repressivas contra os grupos políticos que se opuseram a esse regime. Contudo, depois de anos de pesquisas novos olhares começam a ser lançados sobre a ditadura no Brasil. Como havia uma concepção bastante ampla relativa às tensões e aos antagonismos existentes no país e com os segmentos sociais que poderiam provocá-las, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a violência do Estado contra as classes populares, tendo em vista que foram consideradas como portadoras de um potencial desagregador e perigoso e despreparadas para viver em uma sociedade moderna, industrializada e de vida marcadamente urbana.

Vacuna Sintética contra la Malaria

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Manuel Elkin Patarroyo

1993-12-01

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El doctor Manuel Elkin Patarroyo hace un recuento de lo que fueron sus primeros años de estudio y los primeros pasos que se dieron para fundar el Instituto de Inmunología, ayudado por muchos de los Académicos. Siempre ha querido representar al pueblo colombiano en sus valores de trabajo, disciplina, estudio, pensamiento y generosidad, en aras de un pueblo que sufre, que en definitiva es el objetivo del Médico, el paciente.

Posteriormente comenta qué es lo que se ha hecho con toda la profundidad que se merece pero con simpleza de palabras y en términos sencillos, cómo se desarrolló la Vacuna Sintética contra la malaria: ¿Por qué malaria?, porque esta es una enfermedad de gran trascendencia; aclara que él no le teme ni le molesta el cuestionamiento científico sobre el desarrollo de esta investigación, por el contrario lo acepta y lo goza porque es el ejercicio intelectual; lo que sí le molesta es el morbo alrededor de ello, por esto pidió al doctor Muñoz que al final se adelante un debate al respecto.

Dice a continuación que las vacunas tradicionales son biológicas como todo el mundo lo sabe, es el microorganismo causal mismo que se muta ose mata, pero que descomponiendo la estructura química de sus moléculas, con el concepto de la síntesis química se podrían rehacer químicamente y ser utilizadas como vacuna.

Decidieron entonces atacar el problema de la vacuna a través de esta metodología creando la vacuna contra la malaria de la cual se conoce su estructura química, y aclara que las vacunas químicas tienen otra ventaja, que son puras, con menos reacciones adversas que las tradicionales.

Dice el doctor Patarroyo que decidieron aislar, e identificar más de la mitad de las proteínas del parásito y dividiendo la muestra en dos fracciones, una de ellas se seleccionó para averiguar su composición química y la otra para saber cuál podría ser útil como vacuna. Así, fueron al Amazonas y all

Potencial de antagonismo de isolados de Trichoderma sp. contra o isolados de Fusarium sp., in vitro

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Charles Anthony Hoffmann

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Resumo – O uso discriminado de agrotóxicos acarreta em uma grande prejuízo a saúdes das pessoas e do meio ambiente. O uso de novos métodos de combate a pragas se faz necessário para o equilíbrio da cadeia produtiva. A utilização de microrganismos no combate a pragas se faz como uma boa alternativa. O trabalho objetivou-se em avaliar o potencial de antagonismo de isolados de Trichoderma sp. contra o patógeno Fusarium sp. in vitro. Para isso foi utilizado os métodos de confronto direto, pareamento de culturas e de metabólitos voláteis. Os experimentos foram realizados na incubadora de empresas da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT Campus de Gurupi, seguiram com três repetições. Foram testados 15 isolados do antagonista em confronto direto com o patógeno e os mesmos isolados e patógeno foram testados em metabólitos voláteis ambos utilizando o meio de cultura BDA. Todos os isolados apresentaram antagonismo in vitro contra o patógeno.

Violência contra crianças e adolescentes no Amazonas: análise dos registros

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Angela Costa Maia

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A violência contra crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno frequente, mas pouco se conhece sobre o contexto em que ocorre e sobre suas consequências. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar esta violência no Interior do Estado do Amazonas. Foram analisados 193 registros do Relatório Txain sobre a Violência contra Crianças e Adolescentes. Como resultado, verificou-se que grande parte dos registros oficiais omitem informações. A agressão física é o tipo de violência mais relatado, e a maior parte das vítimas é constituída de adolescentes do sexo feminino de idades entre 12 e 15 anos. Os agressores são predominantemente desconhecidos das vítimas e são do sexo masculino. Em termos de consequências para a saúde, há referência a algumas lesões físicas, mas os dados são bastante omissos em relação à saúde mental. Estes dados sugerem a necessidade de integralização e aprimoramento dos sistemas de registro, informação e atendimento a vítimas fora das grandes cidades.

Actividad repelente de aceites esenciales contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae

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Elsa Nieves

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Los repelentes naturales de extractos de plantas han mostrado eficacia contra diferentes especies de insectos. El presente estudio evaluó la acción repelente de aceites esenciales extraídos de ocho especies de plantas contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei, vector de Leishmania. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación, utilizando una trampa de Clevenger, a partir de Hyptis suaveolens, Pimenta racemosa, Piper marginatum, Monticalia imbricatifolia, Pseudognaphalium caeruleocanum, Espeletia shultzii, Plectranthus amboinicus y Cinnamomun zeylanicum. Los ensayos de repelencia se realizaron sobre humanos en condiciones de laboratorio, frente a hembras de L. migonei provenientes de colonia, utilizando el método de la mano en la jaula. Los aceites con efecto repelente también se ensayaron con distintos voluntarios y concentraciones. Se determinó el porcentaje de protección y el tiempo de protección. Los resultados revelaron que el aceite de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum fueron los más efectivos. El aceite de P. amboinicus presentó efecto de repelencia satisfactorio, sin embargo, ocasionó picazón y toxicidad en la piel. Los aceites de P. marginatum, H. suaveolens y P. racemosa no evidenciaron efecto repelente; el resto de los aceites presentaron repelencia significativa en grado variable. Los aceites de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum mostraron un 95% de protección de 3h contra las picaduras de L. migonei. El aceite de P. caeruleocanum presentó el mayor tiempo de protección, de más de 4h y de 2h en concentraciones de 50% y 10%, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el aceite P. caeruleocanum podría ser un potencial candidato como repelente natural contra la picadura de dípteros posibles transmisores de Leishmania.Repellent activity of plant essential oils against bites of Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae. Natural repellents from plant extracts have demonstrated good efficacy against bites of some

Religión e incitación a la violencia contra la mujer : a propósito del caso del Imán de Fuengirola

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Guiñán Quishpe, Mayra Alexandra

2015-01-01

El incremento de sermones de algunos Imanes a incitar la violencia contra la mujer ha provocado bastante polémica en el panorama español y a nivel internacional. De hecho, actualmente hay varios casos judiciales abiertos de Imanes y también, de personas de otras índoles ya que han aumentado mensajes de incitación al odio, discriminación y violencia contra las mujeres, de personas físicas y personas jurídicas en España. Sobre todo a causa de las nuevas tecnologías de información y redes social...

Violência doméstica contra adolescentes: o olhar dos educadores sociais

OpenAIRE

Amorim, Talita Carlos Maia

2011-01-01

A Violência Doméstica, como uma expressão particular da violência contra adolescentes, constitui fenômeno historicamente construído a partir das relações de poder que perpassam o gênero, a etnia e a classe social, demandando atenção diferenciada. A classificação em uma vala comum do que se entendia por criança e por adolescente sob as doutrinas do direito do menor e da situação irregular resultou, em geral, na elaboração, para o público adolescente, de políticas e de ações frag...

Violência denunciada: ocorrências de maus tratos contra crianças e adolescentes registradas em uma unidade policial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Esse estudo objetiva verificar o perfil da ocorrência de maus-tratos contra crianças e adolescentes. Foram analisados os dados registrados nas ocorrências policiais da Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher de Araçatuba-SP, no ano de 2008, relativos à agressão; relação vítima-agressor; características sociodemográficas de agressores e vítimas e procura das vítimas por serviço de saúde. Dentre as denúncias feitas, houve uma maior prevalência de maus tratos físicos, sendo a residência o local de maior incidência de agressões. Na maioria das vezes, o agressor era a mãe da criança, sendo o motivo não relatado, na maior parte dos casos. Desse modo, podemos delinear o perfil das ocorrências violentas contra criança, contribuindo para a visualização, conhecimento e enfrentamento do problema.

Phenology of the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), and "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" in Commercial Potato Fields in Idaho.

Science.gov (United States)

Wenninger, Erik J; Carroll, Amy; Dahan, Jennifer; Karasev, Alexander V; Thornton, Michael; Miller, Jeff; Nolte, Philip; Olsen, Nora; Price, William

2017-12-08

Zebra chip disease (ZC) is an emerging disease of potato in which tubers are produced with striped necrotic patterns that make them unmarketable. ZC is associated with the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso), which is transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc; Hemiptera: Triozidae). First found in Idaho during 2011, ZC now contributes to increased production costs each season via additional insecticide sprays. To clarify the extent and severity of the threat of ZC in Idaho, we sampled potato psyllids in commercial potato fields across the state over four growing seasons (2012-2015). All life stages of psyllids were sampled using a combination of methods (yellow sticky traps, vacuum samples, and leaf samples), and adult psyllids were tested for the presence of Lso by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Abundance of potato psyllids initially increased gradually over each growing season, then exhibited a sharp late-season rise and a sharp decline as most fields were being harvested. Abundance of psyllids was higher at warmer, lower elevation sites, but infestation onset did not differ between growing regions. Fewer psyllids were collected in vacuum samples than in sticky trap samples. Nymphs and eggs were found only late season and during years with high abundance of adults. Overall incidence of Lso was similar among all years but one. The results presented here clarify our understanding of the seasonal phenology of potato psyllids and Lso in Idaho potato fields and will aid in developing integrated management strategies against this important pest of potato. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Ciberactivismo contra la violencia de género: fetichismo tecnológico e interactividad

OpenAIRE

Núñez Puente, Sonia; Fernández Romero, Diana; Peña Jiménez, Palma

2016-01-01

El artículo pretende analizar cómo los procesos de interpasividad, fetichismo tecnológico y capitalismo comunicativo se articulan, o no, en las prácticas ciberactivistas de las comunidades virtuales españolas que luchan contra la violencia de género. Partiendo de la argumentación teórica acerca del fetichismo tecnológico y del capitalismo comunicativo de Jodi Dean, se abordará si Internet, el ciberespacio y la realidad virtual pueden, o no, impulsar transformaciones sociales, al constituirse ...

Comparative Genome Analyses of Serratia marcescens FS14 Reveals Its High Antagonistic Potential

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Pengpeng; Kwok, Amy H. Y.; Jiang, Jingwei; Ran, Tingting; Xu, Dongqing; Wang, Weiwu; Leung, Frederick C.

2015-01-01

S. marcescens FS14 was isolated from an Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz plant that was infected by Fusarium oxysporum and showed symptoms of root rot. With the completion of the genome sequence of FS14, the first comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of the Serratia genus was performed. Pan-genome and COG analyses showed that the majority of the conserved core genes are involved in basic cellular functions, while genomic factors such as prophages contribute considerably to genome diversity. Additionally, a Type I restriction-modification system, a Type III secretion system and tellurium resistance genes are found in only some Serratia species. Comparative analysis further identified that S. marcescens FS14 possesses multiple mechanisms for antagonism against other microorganisms, including the production of prodigiosin, bacteriocins, and multi-antibiotic resistant determinants as well as chitinases. The presence of two evolutionarily distinct Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) in FS14 may provide further competitive advantages for FS14 against other microbes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative analysis on T6SSs in the genus, which identifies four types of T6SSs in Serratia spp.. Competition bioassays of FS14 against the vital plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were performed to support our genomic analyses, in which FS14 demonstrated high antagonistic activities against both bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. PMID:25856195

The expansion of brown rot disease throughout Bolivia: possible role of climate change.

Science.gov (United States)

Castillo, José Antonio; Plata, Giovanna

2016-05-01

Bacterial wilt is a devastating plant disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum species complex and affects different crops. Bacterial wilt infecting potato is also known as brown rot (BR) and is responsible for significant economic losses in potato production, especially in developing countries. In Bolivia, BR affects up to 75% of the potato crop in areas with high incidence and 100% of stored potatoes. The disease has disseminated since its introduction to the country in the mid-1980s mostly through contaminated seed tubers. To avoid this, local farmers multiply seed tubers in highlands because the strain infecting potatoes cannot survive near-freezing temperatures that are typical in the high mountains. Past disease surveys have shown an increase in seed tubers with latent infection in areas at altitudes lower than 3000 m a.s.l. Since global warming is increasing in the Andes Mountains, in this work, we explored the incidence of BR in areas at altitudes above 3000 m a.s.l. Results showed BR presence in the majority of these areas, suggesting a correlation between the increase in disease incidence and the increase in temperature and the number of irregular weather events resulting from climate change. However, it cannot be excluded that the increasing availability of latently infected seed tubers has boosted the spread of BR.

DNA-binding proteins from marine bacteria expand the known sequence diversity of TALE-like repeats.

Science.gov (United States)

de Lange, Orlando; Wolf, Christina; Thiel, Philipp; Krüger, Jens; Kleusch, Christian; Kohlbacher, Oliver; Lahaye, Thomas

2015-11-16

Transcription Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs) of Xanthomonas bacteria are programmable DNA binding proteins with unprecedented target specificity. Comparative studies into TALE repeat structure and function are hindered by the limited sequence variation among TALE repeats. More sequence-diverse TALE-like proteins are known from Ralstonia solanacearum (RipTALs) and Burkholderia rhizoxinica (Bats), but RipTAL and Bat repeats are conserved with those of TALEs around the DNA-binding residue. We study two novel marine-organism TALE-like proteins (MOrTL1 and MOrTL2), the first to date of non-terrestrial origin. We have assessed their DNA-binding properties and modelled repeat structures. We found that repeats from these proteins mediate sequence specific DNA binding conforming to the TALE code, despite low sequence similarity to TALE repeats, and with novel residues around the BSR. However, MOrTL1 repeats show greater sequence discriminating power than MOrTL2 repeats. Sequence alignments show that there are only three residues conserved between repeats of all TALE-like proteins including the two new additions. This conserved motif could prove useful as an identifier for future TALE-likes. Additionally, comparing MOrTL repeats with those of other TALE-likes suggests a common evolutionary origin for the TALEs, RipTALs and Bats. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Comparative genome analyses of Serratia marcescens FS14 reveals its high antagonistic potential.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Pengpeng; Kwok, Amy H Y; Jiang, Jingwei; Ran, Tingting; Xu, Dongqing; Wang, Weiwu; Leung, Frederick C

2015-01-01

S. marcescens FS14 was isolated from an Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz plant that was infected by Fusarium oxysporum and showed symptoms of root rot. With the completion of the genome sequence of FS14, the first comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of the Serratia genus was performed. Pan-genome and COG analyses showed that the majority of the conserved core genes are involved in basic cellular functions, while genomic factors such as prophages contribute considerably to genome diversity. Additionally, a Type I restriction-modification system, a Type III secretion system and tellurium resistance genes are found in only some Serratia species. Comparative analysis further identified that S. marcescens FS14 possesses multiple mechanisms for antagonism against other microorganisms, including the production of prodigiosin, bacteriocins, and multi-antibiotic resistant determinants as well as chitinases. The presence of two evolutionarily distinct Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) in FS14 may provide further competitive advantages for FS14 against other microbes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative analysis on T6SSs in the genus, which identifies four types of T6SSs in Serratia spp.. Competition bioassays of FS14 against the vital plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were performed to support our genomic analyses, in which FS14 demonstrated high antagonistic activities against both bacterial and fungal phytopathogens.

Soporte social percibido en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer

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Henry Mauricio Puerto Pedraza

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El cáncer se reconoce como un problema universal que afecta a las personas de cualquier edad, género, cultura y situación económica, además impone fuertes cargas financieras y sociales para la persona enferma al igual que su familia. El objetivo fue determinar el Soporte social percibido en enfermedad crónica en los cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se entrevistaron 75 cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer a los cuales se les aplicó el instrumento "Soporte social percibido en enfermedad crónica". El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y estratificación de la escala Soporte social percibido. Resultados: Los cuidadores familiares son en mayoría mujeres de estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, de escolaridad primaria incompleta el (37,3%, en relación al estado civil se informó estar casados o en unión libre (66,7%, de ocupación hogar (50,7%, con una mediana de 18 horas de cuidado. Los cuidadores familiares presentan una percepción media del soporte social percibido de (36%. Las subescalas del instrumento reportan puntajes medios en la interacción personal (42,7%, guía (40%, retroalimentación (41,3% ayuda tangible (28%, interacción social (45,3%. Discusión: Se hace necesario abordar el soporte social desde una perspectiva holística donde las interrelaciones de salud física, emocional, funcionamiento familiar y social respondan a las necesidades de los cuidadores familiares. Conclusiones: El soporte social es conocido por ser la fuerza más grande y poderosa que facilita el éxito cuando una persona y su cuidador se ven amenazadas por el cáncer. Cómo citar este artículo: Puerto HM. Soporte social percibido en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(1:1407-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.345

Cuantificación de IGG contra los componentes inmunogénicos de VA-ENGOC-BC en plasma de lactantes vacunados

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José Rodríguez Canosa

1997-04-01

Full Text Available Debido a las características particulares de la respuesta inmune en lactantes, así como a la eficacia mostrada por la vacuna cubana antimeningocóccica VA-MENGOC-BC, nos propusimos cuantificar la respuesta de la inmunoglobulina G contra los componentes inmunogénicos de los meningococos B y C presentes en la vacuna, en lactantes vacunados. Se tomó muestra por punción capilar a 109 lactantes entre 3 y 6 meses de edad antes de la vacunación a los 31,4 ± 2 días después de la primera y 32,3 ± días después de la segunda dosis vacunal. Se determinaron las concentraciones de inmunoglobulina G contra cada inmunógeno de la vacuna. Los niveles de inmunoglobulina G específica prevacunación, fueron elevadas contra el meningococo C. Se produjo un incremento estadísticamente significativo de anticuerpos para ambos inmunógenos después de la primera y segunda dosis, más marcado contra el meningococo C en la primera y para el meningococo B en la segunda, lo que apoya la presencia de memoria inmunológicaDue to the particular characteristics of the immune response in infants and to the efficacy shown by the Cuban antimeningococcal vaccine denominated VA-MENGOC-BC, we propose ourselves to quantify the response of immunoglobulin G against the immunogenic components of the meningococci B and C present in the vaccine among the vaccinated infants. The sample was taken by capillary puncture from 109 infants between 3 and 6 months before vaccination, at 31.4±2 days after the first dose and at 32.3± days after the second one. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G against each immunogen of the vaccine were determined. The levels of prevaccination specific immunoglobulin G were elevated against meningococcus C. There was a statistically significant increase of atibodies for both immunogens after the first and second dose. It was more marked against meningococcus C in the first, and for meningococcus B in the secons one, which supports the presence of

Subalternidade de gênero: refletindo sobre a vulnerabilidade para violência doméstica contra a mulher

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Christina Macedo Piosiadlo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Este artigo tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a violência de gênero praticada contra a mulher no espaço intrafamiliar, sobretudo, a relação entre a subalternidade de gênero no âmbito familiar e a vulnerabilidade para este tipo de violência. Resultados: A subalternidade de gênero e a violência contra mulher apresentam-se entrelaçadas na história e, conformam-se por meio da construção de gênero nas sociedades. As mulheres formam um grupo que é violentado, constantemente, e de diversas maneiras, como, agressões e abusos físicos, verbais e sexuais cometidos por parceiros ou ex-parceiros, familiares, amigos, desconhecidos, por instituições públicas ou pelo Estado. Conclusão: Para que os serviços de saúde possam se antecipar às doenças e agravos decorrentes da violência doméstica é essencial compreender os aspectos relacionados à vulnerabilidade da mulher para a violência, como um indicador da iniquidade e da desigualdade social que supera o conceito probabilístico de risco.

Author's Response to Commentaries on: "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics"

Science.gov (United States)

Molenaar, Peter C. M.

2015-01-01

In this article, Peter Molenaar responds to three commentaries (this issue) on his article, "An Interpretation of Part of Gilbert Gottlieb's Legacy: Developmental Systems Theory Contra Developmental Behavior Genetics." He addresses aspects of relational developmental systems (RDS) mentioned and questions raised in each of the…

A compact, high efficiency contra-rotating generator suitable for wind turbines in the urban environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Booker, J.D. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR (United Kingdom); Mellor, P.H.; Wrobel, R.; Drury, D. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol (United Kingdom)

2010-09-15

This paper is concerned with the design, development and performance testing of a permanent magnet (PM) generator for wind turbine applications in urban areas. The radially interacting armature windings and magnet array are carried on direct drive, contra-rotating rotors, resulting in a high torque density and efficiency. This topology also provides improved physical and mechanical characteristics such as compactness, low starting torque, elimination of gearboxes, low maintenance, low noise and vibration, and the potential for modular construction. The design brief required a 50 kW continuous rated prototype generator, with a relative speed at the air-gap of 500 rpm. A test rig has been instrumented to give measurements of the mechanical input (torque and speed) and electrical output (voltage, current and power) of the generator, as well as temperature readings from inside the generator using a wireless telemetry device. Peak power output was found to be 48 kW at a contra-rotating speed of 500 rpm, close to the design target, with an efficiency of 94%. It is anticipated that the generator will find application in a wide range of wind turbine designs suited to the urban environment, e.g. types sited on the top of buildings, as there is growing interest in providing quiet, low cost, clean electricity at point of use. (author)

Ação antagônica e de metabólitos bioativos de Trichoderma spp. contra os patógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Oliveira Isaias

2014-03-01

Full Text Available O efeito antagônico exercido por fungos do gênero Trichoderma foi avaliado contra os fitopatógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae, isolados de áster ornamental e morangueiro, respectivamente. Utilizaram-se 20 isolados do antagonista, pertencentes às espécies T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. spirale e Trichoderma sp. O antagonismo foi verificado por meio de testes de culturas pareadas e produção de metabólitos bioativos pelo método de sobreposição de placas. A maioria dos isolados exibiu efeito inibitório sobre o crescimento micelial de S. rolfsii e V. dahliae quando comparado com as testemunhas. Excetuando-se os testes de produção de metabólitos não-voláteis, verificou-se maior ação inibitória contra V. dahliae. Mesmo os metabólitos não-voláteis termoestáveis apresentaram efeito inibitório contra ambos os patógenos testados, mostrando que os metabólitos secundários do antagonista exercem efeito significativo sobre essas espécies patogênicas.

Desarrollo de agentes inmunizantes contra el dengue Development of immunizing agents against dengue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco J. López Antuñano

2000-05-01

Full Text Available El complejo de los cuatro flavivirus del dengue es transmitido principalmente por el mosquito Aedes aegypti. Se han atribuido epidemias a la actividad de A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis y a varias especies del complejo A. scutellaris. Los factores de riesgo que determinan la probabilidad de enfermar o morir por dengue están relacionados tanto con el huésped (características genéticas, estado inmunitario, forma de vida y condiciones de salud, saneamiento básico de la vivienda y abastecimiento de agua potable como con el virus (variabilidad genética de cepas entre y dentro de los serotipos, diferente capacidad patógena y distribución geográfica. A pesar de la falta de conocimiento sobre la inmunobiopatología del dengue, se han hecho importantes avances para conseguir una respuesta inmunitaria protectora con virus atenuados y con antígenos obtenidos por medio de tecnologías recombinantes. Desde los años 40, se ha intentado desarrollar vacunas contra el dengue. La inmunidad que se adquiere por infección natural es específica para cada serotipo y se han documentado infecciones por tres serotipos diferentes en la misma persona, por lo que probablemente sea necesaria una vacuna tetravalente. En voluntarios se han probado vacunas contra los cuatro serotipos que han sido inmunógenas y seguras. Aunque las vacunas con virus atenuados son prometedoras, son necesarios nuevos estudios sobre su eficacia y seguridad. Actualmente están en curso estudios para producir vacunas contra el virus del dengue mediante tecnologías de ADN recombinante y otras técnicas de biología molecular, utilizando como antígenos proteínas estructurales (principalmente la glicoproteína E y no estructurales. Con el mismo propósito se han usado varios vectores de expresión, como Escherichia coli, baculovirus, virus de la vacuna y virus de la fiebre amarilla. Lamentablemente, no se han obtenido resultados satisfactorios en el hombre. La necesidad de desarrollar

Violence against women: theoretical reflections Violencia contra mujeres: reflexiones teóricas Violência contra mulheres: reflexões teóricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leticia Casique Casique

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Violence appears in different forms and circumstances and involves distinct kinds of violent acts against children, women, elderly and other defenseless persons. This serious problem, which degrades women's integrity, is denoted by terms like domestic violence, gender violence and violence against women. Gender violence can appear as physical, psychological, sexual, economic violence, as well as violence at work. Violence against women committed by their intimate partners can be analyzed through the Ecological Model, which explains the close relation between individuals and their environment. Factors influencing people's behavior towards this violence should be analyzed with a view to establishing help programs.La violencia se manifiesta de diferentes formas, en distintas circunstancias y con diversos tipos de actos dirigidos a niños, mujeres, ancianos y otras personas indefensas. Violencia domestica, violencia de genero y violencia contra mujeres son términos utilizados para denominar este grave problema que degrada la integridad de la mujer. La violencia de género puede manifestarse a través de violencia física, violencia psicológica, violencia sexual, violencia económica y violencia en el trabajo. La violencia sufrida por la mujer por parte de su compañero íntimo puede ser analizada a través del Modelo Ecológico que explica la estrecha relación entre el individuo y su entorno. Se concluyo que es importante analizar los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de las personas frente a la violencia para establecer programas de ayuda.A violência manifesta-se de diferentes formas, em distintas circunstâncias e com diversos tipos de atos violentos dirigidos a crianças, mulheres, idosos e outros indefesos. Violência doméstica, violência de gênero e violência contra mulheres são termos utilizados para denominar este grave problema que degrada a integridade da mulher. A violência de gênero pode manifestar-se através de viol

Violência contra as mulheres no trabalho: O caso do assédio sexual

OpenAIRE

Dias, Isabel

2008-01-01

No presente artigo analisa-se o assédio sexual como sendo uma das formas mais graves de violência praticada contra as mulheres no contexto do trabalho. Identificam-se os factores de risco e as vítimas mais vulneráveis. Estuda-se as consequências do assédio para as vítimas e no contexto organizacional onde ele ocorre. Problematiza-se o assédio no continuum de violência geral experimentada pelas mulheres. This article analyses sexual harassment as one of the most harmful forms of violence ag...

Anticuerpos policlonales contra la proteína recombinante NS3 del virus del dengue

OpenAIRE

Liliana Morales; Myriam L. Velandia; María Angélica Calderon; Jaime E. Castellanos; Jacqueline Chaparro-Olaya

2017-01-01

Introducción. El dengue es una enfermedad causada por uno de los cuatro serotipos del virus del dengue (DENV) y es endémica en, aproximadamente, 130 países. Su incidencia ha aumentado notablemente en las últimas décadas, así como la frecuencia y la magnitud de los brotes. A pesar de los esfuerzos, no existen tratamientos profilácticos ni terapéuticos contra la enfermedad y, en ese contexto, el estudio de los procesos que gobiernan el ciclo de infección del DENV es esencial para desarrollar...

RpA, an extracellular protease similar to the metalloprotease of serralysin family, is required for pathogenicity of Ralstonia pickettii.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, C-M; Liu, J-J; Chou, C-W; Lai, C-H; Wu, L-T

2015-10-01

To investigate the biochemical and functional properties of an extracellular protease, RpA, in Ralstonia pickettii WP1 isolated from water supply systems. An extracellular protease was identified and characterized from R. pickettii WP1. A mutant strain WP1M2 was created from strain WP1 by mini-Tn5 transposition. The culture filtrates from WP1M2 had a lower cytotoxic effect than the parental WP1 on several mammalian cell lines. Cloning and sequence analysis revealed the Tn5 transposon inserted at a protease gene (rpA) which is 81% homologous to prtA and aprX genes of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The rpA gene encodes a 482-residue protein showing sequence similarity to metalloproteases of the serralysin family. The RpA protein was expressed in Escherichia coli using a pET expression vector and purified as a 55 kDa molecular weight protein. Furthermore, the protease activity of RpA was inhibited by protease inhibitor and heat treatment. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of R. pickettii culture filtrates was attributed to RpA protease. An extracellular protease, RpA, was identified from R. pickettii WP1 isolated from water supply system. The RpA metalloproteases is required for the pathogenicity of R. pickettii to mammalian cell lines. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Haz que tu bebé nazca protegido contra la tosferina(Born with Protection against Whooping Cough)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

Este podcast provee información acerca de la tosferina, una enfermedad que puede ser mortal para los bebés, y la recomendación de los CDC de que todas las mujeres reciban la vacuna Tdap durante el tercer trimestre de cada embarazo para que su bebé nazca con protección contra esta grave enfermedad.

PhaM is the physiological activator of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthase (PhaC1) in Ralstonia eutropha.

Science.gov (United States)

Pfeiffer, Daniel; Jendrossek, Dieter

2014-01-01

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthase (PhaC1) is the key enzyme of PHB synthesis in Ralstonia eutropha and other PHB-accumulating bacteria and catalyzes the polymerization of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to PHB. Activity assays of R. eutropha PHB synthase are characterized by the presence of lag phases and by low specific activity. It is assumed that the lag phase is caused by the time necessary to convert the inactive PhaC1 monomer into the active dimeric form by an unknown priming process. The lag phase can be reduced by addition of nonionic detergents such as hecameg [6-O-(N-heptyl-carbamoyl)-methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside], which apparently accelerates the formation of PhaC1 dimers. We identified the PHB granule-associated protein (PGAP) PhaM as the natural primer (activator) of PHB synthase activity. PhaM was recently discovered as a novel type of PGAP with multiple functions in PHB metabolism. Addition of PhaM to PHB synthase assays resulted in immediate polymerization of 3HB coenzyme A with high specific activity and without a significant lag phase. The effect of PhaM on (i) PhaC1 activity, (ii) oligomerization of PhaC1, (iii) complex formation with PhaC1, and (iv) PHB granule formation in vitro and in vivo was shown by cross-linking experiments of purified proteins (PhaM, PhaC1) with glutardialdehyde, by size exclusion chromatography, and by fluorescence microscopic detection of de novo-synthesized PHB granules.

Estandarización en Colombia de una prueba ELISA para la evaluación de los niveles séricos de anticuerpos IgG contra diez serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Lucía Carolina Leal-Esteban

2012-03-01

Conclusión. Esta prueba ELISA cuantifica de forma confiable los niveles de IgG sérica contra diez serotipos de S. pneumoniae y, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en individuos sanos de nuestra población, en este trabajo se validan los parámetros internacionales para considerar adecuada la respuesta a la vacuna 23-valente contra este microorganismo.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i1.393

Using community participation to assess acceptability of "Contra Caries", a theory-based, promotora-led oral health education program for rural Latino parents: a mixed methods study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hoeft, Kristin S; Rios, Sarah M; Pantoja Guzman, Estela; Barker, Judith C

2015-09-03

Latino children experience more prevalent and severe tooth decay than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black children. Few theory-based, evaluated and culturally appropriate interventions target parents of this vulnerable population. To fill this gap, the Contra Caries Oral Health Education Program, a theory-based, promotora-led education program for low-income, Spanish-speaking parents of children aged 1-5 years, was developed. This article describes qualitative findings of the acceptability of curriculum content and activities, presents the process of refinement of the curriculum through engaging the target population and promotoras, and presents results from the evaluation assessing the acceptability of the curriculum once implemented. Focus groups were conducted with low-income Spanish-speaking parents of children 1-5 years living in a city in an agricultural area of California. Interviews were digitally recorded, translated and transcribed, checked for accuracy and the resulting data was thematically coded and analyzed using a social constructionist approach. The Contra Caries Oral Health Education Program was then implemented with a separate but similar sample, and after completing the program, participants were administered surveys asking about acceptability and favorite activities of the education program. Data were entered into a database, checked for accuracy, open-ended questions were categorized, and responses to close-ended questions counted. Twelve focus groups were conducted (N = 51), 105 parents attended the Contra Caries Oral Health Education Program, and 83 parents filled out surveys. Complete attendance and retention was high (89% and 90%, respectively). This study found that their children's oral health is a high priority. Parents were not only interested in, but actually attended classes focused on increasing their knowledge and skills with respect to early childhood oral health. The Contra Caries content and format was perceived as

Encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA: experiencia con seis pacientes pediátricos. Potencial eficacia del metotrexato

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Bravo-Oro, Antonio; Abud-Mendoza, Carlos; Quezada-Corona, Arturo; Dalmau, Josep; Campos-Guevara, Verónica

2016-01-01

Introducción La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) es una entidad cada vez más diagnosticada en edad pediátrica. A diferencia de los adultos, en muchos casos no se asocia a tumores y las manifestaciones iniciales en niños más frecuentes son crisis convulsivas y trastornos del movimiento, mientras que en los adultos predominan las alteraciones psiquiátricas. Casos clínicos Presentamos seis casos pediátricos confirmados con anticuerpos contra la subunidad NR1 del receptor de NMDA en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Cinco de los casos comenzaron con crisis convulsivas como manifestación clínica inicial antes de desarrollar el cuadro clásico de esta entidad. En todos los casos se utilizaron esteroides como primera línea de tratamiento, con los que sólo se observó control de las manifestaciones en uno, por lo que el resto de los pacientes requirió inmunomoduladores de segunda línea. Todos los pacientes recibieron metotrexato como tratamiento inmunomodulador para evitar recaídas y la evolución fue a la mejoría en todos ellos. Conclusiones En nuestra serie de pacientes con encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA, ninguno se asoció a tumores. Todos los casos recibieron metotrexato por lo menos durante un año, no observamos eventos adversos clínicos ni por laboratorio, ni hubo secuelas neurológicas ni recaídas durante el tratamiento. Aunque es una serie pequeña y es deseable incrementar el número y tiempo de evolución, consideramos el metotrexato una excelente alternativa como tratamiento inmunomodulador para esta patología. PMID:24150952

Fitodefensivos em plantas medicinais: macromoléculas hidrofílicas de folhas de mil folhas (Achillea millefolium L. inibem o crescimento in vitro de bactérias fitopatogênicas Agrochemicals in medicinal plants: hydrophilic macromolecules from leaves of "mil folhas" (Achillea millefolium L. inhibit in vitro growth of phytopathogenic bacteria

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N.G. Tessarollo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Extratos aquosos da planta medicinal Achillea millefolium contêm macromoléculas de interesse para desenvolver fitodefensivos para a agricultura. Duas frações de mil folhas foram obtidas por ultrafiltração, E1 (contendo moléculas maiores que 30 kDa, e E3 (peptídeos entre 1 e 10 kDa que inibiram o crescimento das bactérias fitopatogênicas Ralstonia solanacearum, gram-negativa, e Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, gram-positiva, com dependência de concentração. Os valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM para ambos os extratos e bactérias foram baixos, entre 20 e 80µM. A CIM relativa à proteína total evidenciou a presença de macromoléculas muito ativas em E3, embora com baixa concentração proteica. E3 se aplica à prospecção de peptídeos antimicrobianos. Estimar a CIM relativa à quantidade de amostra vegetal valorizou o potencial antimicrobiano natural de E1, que contém alta concentração proteica. E1e E3 se aplicam ao desenvolvimento de fitodefensivos para uso biotecnológico. A ultrafiltração fracionou as amostras de forma nativa, rápida, e com baixo custo; além de dessalinizar, clarificar, purificar, e concentrar E1 e E3. Esse estudo inédito sobre a separômica e a ação antimicrobiana de extratos macromoleculares aquosos de mil folhas sugere que plantas cicatrizantes podem apresentar grande potencial para desenvolver fitodefensivos agrícolas naturais não danosos, à semelhança de medicamentos fitoterápicos.Aqueous extracts from the medicinal plant Achillea millefolium contain macromolecules of interest to develop agrochemicals for agriculture. Two fractions of "mil folhas" were obtained by ultrafiltration, E1 (containing molecules larger than 30 kDa and E3 (peptides between 1 and 10 kDa, which inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, gram-negative, and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, gram-positive, concentration-dependent. The values of

La lucha contra el fraude en la Seguridad Social en el marco de los nuevos principios de actuación de la Administración Pública

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José Luis García Delgado

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la actual crisis de sostenibilidad de la Seguridad Social en España, poniendo de manifiesto los factores que más inciden en la amenaza de la viabilidad de las prestaciones públicas que hoy se reconocen. En este contexto, una de las cuestiones que se encuentra entre las posibles soluciones es la lucha contra el fraude laboral y de Seguridad Social. Se incide en la definición de fraude, diferenciándolo del mero incumplimiento de las obligaciones con la Seguridad Social, se señalan las causas que lo producen y se estudian los principales sistemas empleados para su cuantificación, así como sus modalidades más importantes y medidas disuasorias, preventivas y de carácter moralizador que pueden implantarse para intentar que su incidencia disminuya. Todo ello a la luz de la normativa reciente que incide en las nuevas relaciones de las Administraciones públicas “ad intra” y “ad extra”, y que puede ayudar decisivamente en esta lucha contra el fraude contra la Seguridad Social.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging based Cartilage Loss in Painful Contra-Lateral Knees with and without Radiographic Joint Space Narrowing – Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)

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Eckstein, Felix; Benichou, Olivier; Wirth, Wolfgang; Nelson, David R; Maschek, Susanne; Hudelmaier, Martin; Kwoh, C. Kent; Guermazi, Ali; Hunter, David

2010-01-01

Objective Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess whether knees with advanced radiographic disease (medial joint space narrowing = mJSN) encounter greater longitudinal cartilage loss than contra-lateral knees with earlier disease (no or less mJSN). Methods Participants were selected from 2678 cases in the Osteoarthritis Initiative, based on exhibition of bilateral pain, BMI>25, mJSN in one knee, no or less mJSN in the contra-lateral knee, and no lateral JSN in both knees. 80 participants (age 60.6±9.1 yrs) fulfilled these criteria. Medial tibial and femoral cartilage morphology was analyzed from baseline and 1-year follow-up sagittal DESSwe 3 Tesla MRI of both knees, by experienced readers blinded to the timepoint and mJSN status. Results Knees with more radiographic mJSN displayed greater medial cartilage loss (-80 μm), assessed by MRI, than contra-lateral knees with less mJSN (-57μm). The difference reached statistical significance in participants with mJSN grade 2 or 3 (p=0.005 to p=0.08), but not in participants with mJSN grade 1 (p=0.28 to 0.98). In knees with more mJSN, cartilage loss increased with higher grades of mJSN (p=0.003 in the medial femur). Knees with mJSN grade 2 or 3 displayed greater cartilage loss in the weight-bearing medial femur than in the posterior femur or in the medial tibia (p=0.048). Conclusion Knees with advanced mJSN displayed greater cartilage loss than contra-lateral knees with less mJSN. These data suggest that radiography can be used to stratify fast structural progressors, and that MRI cartilage thickness loss is more pronounced at advanced radiographic disease stage. PMID:19714595

Contra la familia: ¿cómo hacer justicia a los niños afeminados?

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Giancarlo Cornejo

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo explora cómo familia puede ser un nombre que enmascara una violencia asesina contra las/os niñas/os queer. El objetivo es presentar una análisis intertextual de las películas Ma vie en rose y Doubt. Frente a la mirada familiar que nos condena a la reificación de la heteronormatividad, se plantea la importancia de generar miradasamorosas y solidarias que sustenten aquellas vidas donde se manifiestan afectos no hegemónicos.

La exégesis de la guerra global contra el terrorismo a través del cine y la televisión

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Antonio Malalana Ureña

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo indaga en la representación audiovisual de la Historia reciente, principalmente de la Guerra contra el terror. Nuestra investigación se centrará en como “Hollywood” ha interpretado alguno de los acontecimientos / The article investigates the audiovisual representation of recent history, especially of the War on Terror. Our investigation will focus on how Hollywood has interpreted some of the some of the events. Palabras Clave: Guerra global contra el terrorismo, cine, series de televisión _________________________ The exegesis of The War on Terror through film and televisionAbstract: The article investigates the audiovisual representation of recent history, especially of the War on Terror. Our investigation will focus on how Hollywood has interpreted some of the some of the events.Keywords: The War on Terror. Cinema. TV Series. 

Consecuencias de la violencia doméstica contra la mujer en el progreso escolar de los niños y niñas del Perú

OpenAIRE

Alcázar, Lorena; Ocampo, Diego

2016-01-01

La violencia contra la mujer es un gran problema que no solo tiene enormes consecuencias en las víctimas directas. Además, perturba todo el ámbito familiar, y atenta contra el desarrollo integral de los niños y las niñas. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES), este estudio estima el efecto que tiene la violencia de género sobre la probabilidad de que los niños y las niñas repitan el año escolar. La violencia en el hogar genera un clima de tensión que impide e...

Terrorismo e contra-terrorismo na América do Sul : as políticas de segurança de Argentina, Colômbia e Peru

OpenAIRE

Poletto, Ricardo dos Santos

2009-01-01

Esta dissertação busca entender o fenômeno do terrorismo e contra-terrorismo espacialmente localizado na América do Sul por meio da análise paralela de três países: Argentina, Colômbia e Peru. Por meio do método comparado, a pesquisa se propõe a analisar as variáveis causais que incidem sobre a conformação de políticas contra-terrorismo no pós-Guerra Fria naquela região, tomando por base históricos de violência política, perfil da ameaça terrorista, aparato jurídicoinstitucional, opinião públ...

Actividad de la Unión Europea en materia de lucha contra el tabaquismo

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Antonio Calvete Oliva

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende ofrecer información respecto a las disposiciones adoptadas por la Unión Europea, tanto obligatorias como no obligatorias para sus Estados miembros, que de una u otra forma se relacionen con la lucha contra el tabaquismo. Para ello se hará una revisión de todas las que se han publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea desde la primera en el año 1986 hasta marzo de 2005, comentando los aspectos de cada una que tengan que ver con lo enunciado en el título.

Diseño de un sistema de vigilancia contra la violencia intrafamiliar

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Imilsy Delgado Matos

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación teórica, descriptiva y trasversal, con vistas a diseñar un sistema de vigilancia contra la violencia intrafamiliar en el área de salud "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2014. Se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas, tales como entrevista formal e informal, observación no participante, observación indirecta y opinión de grupo de expertos. Entre las condiciones significativas predominantes figuraron: familias disfuncionales, baja escolaridad, hacinamiento y situación económica crítica; todo ello permitió profundizar en los elementos y factores de riesgo que influyeron en la génesis de la violencia

The politics of presidential illness. Ronald Reagan and the Iran-Contra Scandal.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, Robert E

2014-01-01

This paper assesses the likelihood that the Iran-Contra scandal was shaped heavily by the effects of Ronald Reagan's cancer surgery in summer, 1985. During the President's hospitalization and in the period soon after, he took several actions--which he apparently did not remember--that launched a policy that was unwise, counterproductive, and a failure. These damaged both his Administration and his standing in history. The 25th Amendment afforded Reagan the means by which his involvement in these events could easily have been avoided. However, the President and his aides determined that he would resume the powers and duties of the presidency only hours after undergoing extensive cancer surgery. This decision contributed materially to the most damaging episode of Reagan's eight-year presidency.

Rapid selection of glucose-utilizing variants of the polyhydroxyalkanoate producer Ralstonia eutropha H16 by incubation with high substrate levels.

Science.gov (United States)

Franz, A; Rehner, R; Kienle, A; Grammel, H

2012-01-01

The application of Ralstonia eutropha H16 for producing polyhydroxyalkanoates as bioplastics is limited by the incapability of the bacterium to utilize glucose as a growth substrate. This study aims in characterizing glucose-utilizing strains that arose after incubation with high glucose levels, in comparison with previously published mutants, generated either by mutagenesis or by metabolic engineering. Cultivations on solid and liquid media showed that the application of high substrate concentrations rapidly induced a glucose-positive phenotype. The time span until the onset of growth and the frequency of glucose-utilizing colonies were correlated to the initial glucose concentration. All mutants exhibited elevated activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The glucose-positive phenotype was abolished after deleting genes for the N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system. A procedure is provided for selecting glucose-utilizing R. eutropha H16 in an unprecedented short time period and without any mutagenic treatment. An altered N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system appears to be a common motif in all glucose-utilizing mutants examined so far. The correlation of the applied glucose concentration and the appearance of glucose-utilizing mutants poses questions about the randomness or the specificity of adaptive mutations in general. Furthermore, glucose-adapted strains of R. eutropha H16 could be useful for the production of bioplastics. © 2011 The Authors. Letters in Applied Microbiology ©2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

A crise Armada Colômbia-Equador no contexto da Guerra contra o Terrorismo Internacional

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TATIANA WAISBERG

2010-10-01

Full Text Available A recente crise armada entre Colômbia e Equador trouxe a América do Sul ao foco da mídia internacional. As FARC representam o maior barril de pólvora da América Latina, além de um determinante ator a ser combatido na luta contra o terrorismo internacional. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca analisar, sob o prisma da segurança e do direito internacional o papel das FARC em âmbito global e as maneiras segundo as quais elas são combatidas.

Estudio de inmunogenicidad para dos vacunas recombinantes contra hepatitis B

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O. Juliao

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio compara la inmunogenicidad (seroconversión, seroprotección e Hiperrespuesta, producida por dos vacunas recombinantes contra la hepatitis B (Engerix-B de Bélgica y Cubana, en dos esquemas (012 y 016 meses, empleando los métodos de cuantificación para Anti-HBsAg (Abbott y Organón, los cuales fueron también comparados. En el estudio participaron 257 voluntarios,  divididos al azar en 4 grupos (dos vacunas, dos esquemas. Resultados: los dos métodos de Abbon y Organon, no presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas. La vacuna cubana muestra una mayor respuesta inmunogénica para dos dosis de vacuna y para el esquema 012. No hay diferencia entre los esquemas 012 y 016 y en el esquema 016 no se ven diferencias estadísticamente significativas con la vacuna Engerix-B. En esta Última el esquema 016 muestra mejores resultados que el 012.

The Cracow’s pious laymen or Beghard heretics? From the study on the 14th century Tractatus contra beghardos by Henryk Harrer

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Tomasz Gałuszka

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Tractatus contra beghardos written by a Chech Dominican Henryk Harrer is a masterpiece of exceptional value for both historians of the medieval heterodox movements as well as for scholars interested in the history of theology and law in the 14th century. The treaty was commissioned by Cracow Dominicans in the years 1328 to 1334. Commissioning the treaty to Henryk Harrer, a stranger expert from the Prague monastery of St. Clemens was dictated by a series of controversies among Cracow clergy around the judgement of conduct of a certain group of people whose religious practices and a way of life stood out from the rest of the congregation. Undertaking the task of writing the treaty Henryk Harrer based his work around three charges pressed against the suspected of heresy: breaking off the Church and establishing an illegal organization (singularitas vite; corrupted attitude towards recognized religious practices (contemptibilitas sacramenti eucharistiae; numerous flaws and perverse disposition (pertinax voluntas. Not only did Harrer decide to comment on all aspects of life of central figures of Contra beghardos but he also honestly mentioned all arguments he was not able to undermine. Despite these objective difficulties, the Czech Dominican was certain that the expertise he came up with was sufficient to link the lay movement with the sect of Beghard Heretics. The author of this study proved that, contrary to Harrer’s keen intention, his Tractatus contra beghardos does not unambiguously show heresy in the Cracow diocese. What is more, the reader, instead of indictment against the conduct of a group of laymen paradoxically received a confirmation of their innocence and orthodoxy. In the light of analysis of the text Contra beghardos, the claim that Beghard Heretics from Harrer’s work turn out to be pious layman, living in communion with the Church, seems to be fully substantiated. Of course their way of life and the practice of asceticism made

Vaccines against dengue: a review of current candidate vaccines at advanced development stages Vacunas contra el dengue: una revisión de las vacunas candidatas en etapas avanzadas de desarrollo

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Joachim Hombach

2007-01-01

Los esfuerzos sistemáticos para desarrollar una vacuna contra el dengue comenzaron durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, inspirados en el desarrollo exitoso de una vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla. Sin embargo, la falta de modelos adecuados de la enfermedad, la información incompleta acerca de los mecanismos patogénicos y los insuficientes incentivos económicos han dificultado los avances. Debido al impacto actual del dengue en todo el mundo y su explosiva diseminación, ha aumentado el interés e...

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi en donadores de sangre del IMSS, Orizaba, Veracruz, México

OpenAIRE

Ramos-Ligonio Angel; Ramírez-Sánchez Michaía Elián; González-Hernández Juan Carlos; Rosales-Encina José Luis; López-Monteon Aracely

2006-01-01

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi en donadores del Hospital General Regional del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en la ciudad de Orizaba, Veracruz. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se examinaron muestras de donadores del banco de sangre del Hospital General Regional (HGRO) del IMSS para la búsqueda de antiT. cruzi por ELISA, Western blot e IFI, utilizando una proteína recombinante (MBP::Hsp70) y un extracto crudo de epimastigotes. Las muestras fueron o...

The nuclear immune receptor RPS4 is required for RRS1SLH1-dependent constitutive defense activation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Kee Hoon Sohn

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR disease resistance (R proteins recognize specific "avirulent" pathogen effectors and activate immune responses. NB-LRR proteins structurally and functionally resemble mammalian Nod-like receptors (NLRs. How NB-LRR and NLR proteins activate defense is poorly understood. The divergently transcribed Arabidopsis R genes, RPS4 (resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4 and RRS1 (resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1, function together to confer recognition of Pseudomonas AvrRps4 and Ralstonia PopP2. RRS1 is the only known recessive NB-LRR R gene and encodes a WRKY DNA binding domain, prompting suggestions that it acts downstream of RPS4 for transcriptional activation of defense genes. We define here the early RRS1-dependent transcriptional changes upon delivery of PopP2 via Pseudomonas type III secretion. The Arabidopsis slh1 (sensitive to low humidity 1 mutant encodes an RRS1 allele (RRS1SLH1 with a single amino acid (leucine insertion in the WRKY DNA-binding domain. Its poor growth due to constitutive defense activation is rescued at higher temperature. Transcription profiling data indicate that RRS1SLH1-mediated defense activation overlaps substantially with AvrRps4- and PopP2-regulated responses. To better understand the genetic basis of RPS4/RRS1-dependent immunity, we performed a genetic screen to identify suppressor of slh1 immunity (sushi mutants. We show that many sushi mutants carry mutations in RPS4, suggesting that RPS4 acts downstream or in a complex with RRS1. Interestingly, several mutations were identified in a domain C-terminal to the RPS4 LRR domain. Using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay system, we demonstrate that the P-loop motif of RPS4 but not of RRS1SLH1 is required for RRS1SLH1 function. We also recapitulate the dominant suppression of RRS1SLH1 defense activation by wild type RRS1 and show this suppression requires an intact RRS1 P-loop. These analyses of RRS1SLH1 shed

Los espejos no afectan de manera crónica variables psicológicas en mujeres que realizan un programa de entrenamiento contra resistencia o actividades pasivas

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Isaura Castillo Hernández

2015-09-01

Full Text Available El propósito del estudio fue examinar el efecto crónico de la presencia de espejos en el entorno en el que se realiza ejercicio contra resistencia o actividades pasivas, sobre variables psicológicas de ansiedad fisicosocial (AFS, consciencia corporal objetivada (inspección corporal, IPC; vergüenza corporal, VC; y creencias de control de la apariencia, CCA; y sobre algunas variables de la imagen corporal, como la satisfacción con las partes del cuerpo (SPC, la silueta actual, la silueta deseada, y la satisfacción corporal (SC. Participaron 52 mujeres (promedio de edad 22,6 ± 8,21 años, quienes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos experimentales: a 25 min de ejercicios contra resistencia al 70 % de 1 Repetición Máxima (1RM con espejo, b 25 min de ejercicios contra resistencia al 70  % de 1RM sin espejo, c 25 min de actividades pasivas con espejo y d 25 min. de actividades pasivas sin espejo. Las participantes realizaron una sesión semanal de tratamiento, durante seis semanas. No se encontraron interacciones dobles o triples importantes. Las pruebas de ANOVA revelaron efectos principales de la medición sobre la inspección corporal (p = 0,04, sobre la silueta deseada (p ≤ 0,001 y sobre la SC (p < 0,05; y del ejercicio sobre la silueta actual (p = 0,03. Se concluye que no se observa un efecto crónico de un programa de ejercicios contra resistencia o de actividades pasivas realizadas por mujeres en variables psicológicas cuando el ejercicio o las actividades se realizan en un contexto con y sin espejos.

Análisis del fenómeno de la violencia contra los ancianos

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Celín Pérez Nájera

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre el impacto social de la violencia contra los ancianos, desde la óptica criminológica. En el trabajo se utilizó como método investigativo el enfoque dialéctico-materialista de la realidad, que facilitó el engranaje de toda la investigación en diferentes etapas. Las valoraciones generalizadoras y sistematizadoras se elaboraron desde los enfoques modelativo y sistémico-estructural. Luego de analizar la diversidad de conceptos de violencia, se estableció una definición desde una formación social e histórica; existen dos principios que distinguen sus características: uno que la concibe como un fenómeno de carácter social y el teórico-ecológico, que consiste en el empleo de la fuerza física, económica o política, e implica el abuso de poder cómo único método para resolver el conflicto. Así mismo, se examinó el comportamiento de la violencia contra los ancianos en diversos países: España, Estados Unidos, Perú, Brasil, Panamá, Argentina, Colombia, Chile y Cuba. En general, son alarmantes las cifras de incidencia del fenómeno. De igual forma, en Cuba crece la victimización sobre los ancianos. Se aprecia como manifestación fundamental la violencia psicológica o emocional. Aunque existen mecanismos de denuncia, falta de divulgación y sistematicidad de acciones, que permitan enfrentar la incidencia de este mal social, que afecta a dicho grupo de riesgo de la violencia.

Comparative proteome analysis reveals four novel polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granule-associated proteins in Ralstonia eutropha H16.

Science.gov (United States)

Sznajder, Anna; Pfeiffer, Daniel; Jendrossek, Dieter

2015-03-01

Identification of proteins that were present in a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granule fraction isolated from Ralstonia eutropha but absent in the soluble, membrane, and membrane-associated fractions revealed the presence of only 12 polypeptides with PHB-specific locations plus 4 previously known PHB-associated proteins with multiple locations. None of the previously postulated PHB depolymerase isoenzymes (PhaZa2 to PhaZa5, PhaZd1, and PhaZd2) and none of the two known 3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer hydrolases (PhaZb and PhaZc) were significantly present in isolated PHB granules. Four polypeptides were found that had not yet been identified in PHB granules. Three of the novel proteins are putative α/β-hydrolases, and two of those (A0671 and B1632) have a PHB synthase/depolymerase signature. The third novel protein (A0225) is a patatin-like phospholipase, a type of enzyme that has not been described for PHB granules of any PHB-accumulating species. No function has been ascribed to the fourth protein (A2001), but its encoding gene forms an operon with phaB2 (acetoacetyl-coenzyme A [CoA] reductase) and phaC2 (PHB synthase), and this is in line with a putative function in PHB metabolism. The localization of the four new proteins at the PHB granule surface was confirmed in vivo by fluorescence microscopy of constructed fusion proteins with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP). Deletion of A0671 and B1632 had a minor but detectable effect on the PHB mobilization ability in the stationary growth phase of nutrient broth (NB)-gluconate cells, confirming the functional involvement of both proteins in PHB metabolism. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Desarrollo de una técnica de inmunoelectrotransferencia "Westernblot" para la detección de anticuerpos contra componentes proteínicos de Salmonella Typhi

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Miguel Guzmán Urrego

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Desde su desarrollo la lnmunoelectrotransferencia (INMET ha sido una herramienta útil en biología molecular así como también en el diagnóstico de diferentes enfermedades infecciosas. Tradicionalniente la demostración de anticuerpos contra Salmonella typhi, se ha enfocado hacia la detección de aquellos, que se producen contra lipopolisacáridos, especialmente los que se relacionan con el antígeno somático "0". Pero pocos trabajos, se han realizado para la detección de anticuerpos contra otros antígenos tales como proteínas protoplasmáticas. Este trabajo intenta demostrar si tales anticuerpos se producen en conejos inmunizados experimentalmente, así como también en voluntarios vacunados contra la fiebre Tifoidea con lavacuna oral (cepa Ty21a. El antígeno preparado y purificado a partir de una cepa de Salmonella typhi, fue suspendido en una solución tampón y sonicado para obtener sus productos celulares; de esta manera y con la adecuada concentración de proteínas fue separado en gel de poliacrilamida en sus diferentes fracciones antigénicas y luego transferidos a membranas de nitrocelulosa en donde por medio de reacción inmunoenzimática, se visualizó la banda característica, al poner en contacto la membrana con el antisuero hiperinmune obtenido en conejos (Modelo Experimental y el suero de voluntarios antes y después de la inmunización (Modelo  Humano. La banda visualizada correspondió a un peso aproximado de 38.000 kd. Trece de los voluntarios (32.5%, presentaron esta misma banda antes de la inmunización, la cual, aunque más tenue, representó un complejo antígeno-anticuerpo, lo cual, induce a pensar en un posible contacto con el microorganismo en el pasado. La posibilidad de la reacción cruzada se descartó realizando el mismo procedimiento con lisados de Escherichia coli.

Anterior cingulate cortex is crucial for contra- but not ipsi-lateral electro-acupuncture in the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model of rats

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Xing Guo-Gang

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Acupuncture and electro-acupuncture (EA are now widely used to treat disorders like pain. We and others have shown previously that current frequency, intensity and treatment duration all significantly influence the anti-nociceptive effects of EA. There is evidence that stimulating sites also affect the antinociception, with EA applied ipsilaterally to the pain site being more effective under some pain states but contralateral EA under others. It was recently reported that local adenosine A1 receptors were responsible for ipsilateral acupuncture, but what mechanisms specifically mediate the anti-nociceptive effects of contralateral acupuncture or EA remains unclear. In the present study, we applied 100 Hz EA on the ipsi- or contra-lateral side of rats with inflammatory pain induced by intra-plantar injection of formalin, and reported distinct anti-nociceptive effects and mechanisms between them. Both ipsi- and contra-lateral EA reduced the paw lifting time in the second phase of the formalin test and attenuated formalin-induced conditioned place aversion. Contralateral EA had an additional effect of reducing paw licking time, suggesting a supraspinal mechanism. Lesions of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC completely abolished the anti-nociceptive effects of contra- but not ipsi-lateral EA. These findings were not lateralized effects, since injection of formalin into the left or right hind paws produced similar results. Overall, these results demonstrated distinct anti-nociceptive effects and mechanisms between different stimulating sides and implied the necessity of finding the best stimulating protocols for different pain states.

Activismo cívico digital en Rumanía: La comunidad de Facebook en las protestas on-line contra Chevron

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2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis cuantitativo de las auto-representaciones de dos comunidades rumanas en Facebook durante las protestas on-line y off-line en contra del «fracking» en Rumanía. En 2013 los rumanos comenzaron a protestar contra las explotaciones de gas del gigante energético norteamericano Chevron en la aldea de Pungesti. Este movimiento de resistencia pasó, en poco más de un mes, de ser una herramienta de movilización rural a una de alcance nacional cuyo objetivo era ayudar a los campesinos afectados por las explotaciones de gas planificadas por Chevron. Dado que el óptimo grado de implicación on-line para pasar a una participación off-line depende mucho de las prácticas informativas, consideramos que un análisis de textos publicados en Facebook reflejará si éstos son compatibles y relevantes para los manifestantes. Nuestra premisa teórica está basada en la teoría del encuadre en movimientos sociales e informa nuestro análisis de contenido comparativo de los textos de dos comunidades rumanas de Facebook desde octubre de 2013 hasta febrero de 2014. En el trabajo se identifican las estrategias de encuadre verbal y visual, y los marcos de acción colectiva utilizados para formar la identidad de estas comunidades on-line. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el predominio de «la lucha por la tierra» como principal marco de acción colectiva, seguido del «conflicto» y la «solidaridad», e indican la preeminencia de fotos y archivos de vídeo como recursos de encuadre de relevancia cultural y como pruebas del activismo fuera de Internet en contra del «fracking» en Rumanía.

Efeito de Hypericum caprifoliatum Cham. & Schltdl. (Guttiferae sobre contrações em íleo isolado de cobaio induzidas por diferentes agonistas

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Alice F. Viana

Full Text Available Na última década, o gênero Hypericum ganhou repercussão mundial devido à utilização de Hypericum perforatum para obtenção de medicamentos antidepressivos. Por esta razão, a maioria dos estudos com outras espécies do gênero centra-se nesta atividade. Porém, um dos usos populares de espécies de Hypericum nativas do sul do Brasil é no tratamento de problemas gastrintestinais, inclusive como antiespasmódico. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de uma das espécies de Hypericum nativas do Rio Grande do Sul, H. caprifoliatum, sobre as contrações induzidas por agonistas em íleo isolado de cobaio. Foi investigado o efeito de um extrato ciclo-hexano purificado (isento de clorofila e ceras, nas concentrações de 1, 3, 10 e 30 mg/mL, sobre curvas cumulativas de acetilcolina, histamina, potássio e serotonina (10-7 a 10-4 M. Na concentração de 30 mg/mL o extrato inibiu totalmente as contrações induzidas por todos os agonistas. Na concentração de 10 mg/mL, o extrato apresentou efeito antagonista não-competitivo de serotonina, reduzindo a contração máxima induzida por serotonina em cerca de 50 %. A resposta contrátil aos outros mediadores não foi alterada. Estes resultados indicam que espécies de Hypericum do sul do Brasil podem ser uma perspectiva interessante na busca de moléculas com atividade sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal.

Catalytic Properties of the Isolated Diaphorase Fragment of the NAD+-Reducing [NiFe]-Hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha

Science.gov (United States)

Lauterbach, Lars; Idris, Zulkifli; Vincent, Kylie A.; Lenz, Oliver

2011-01-01

The NAD+-reducing soluble hydrogenase (SH) from Ralstonia eutropha H16 catalyzes the H2-driven reduction of NAD+, as well as reverse electron transfer from NADH to H+, in the presence of O2. It comprises six subunits, HoxHYFUI2, and incorporates a [NiFe] H+/H2 cycling catalytic centre, two non-covalently bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN) groups and an iron-sulfur cluster relay for electron transfer. This study provides the first characterization of the diaphorase sub-complex made up of HoxF and HoxU. Sequence comparisons with the closely related peripheral subunits of Complex I in combination with UV/Vis spectroscopy and the quantification of the metal and FMN content revealed that HoxFU accommodates a [2Fe2S] cluster, FMN and a series of [4Fe4S] clusters. Protein film electrochemistry (PFE) experiments show clear electrocatalytic activity for both NAD+ reduction and NADH oxidation with minimal overpotential relative to the potential of the NAD+/NADH couple. Michaelis-Menten constants of 56 µM and 197 µM were determined for NADH and NAD+, respectively. Catalysis in both directions is product inhibited with K I values of around 0.2 mM. In PFE experiments, the electrocatalytic current was unaffected by O2, however in aerobic solution assays, a moderate superoxide production rate of 54 nmol per mg of protein was observed, meaning that the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed for the native SH can be attributed mainly to HoxFU. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for aerobic functioning of the SH and possible control mechanism for the direction of catalysis. PMID:22016788

Formative research to shape HPV vaccine introduction strategies in Peru Investigación formativa relacionada con el diseño de estrategias para introducir la vacuna contra el VPH en Perú

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Rosario M Bartolini

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To understand the sociocultural environment, health systems' capacities, and policy processes related to cervical cancer and HPV vaccines in order to inform HPV vaccine introduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mixed-method formative research using qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. Participants included girls, parents, community leaders, health and education officials, and policymakers. RESULTS: Respondents, including policymakers, generally supported HPV vaccine introduction, due partly to appreciation for the benefits of vaccination and the desire to prevent cancer. Community-level concerns regarding safety and quality of services will need to be addressed. The immunization system in Peru is strong and has capacity for including the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION: Formative research provides key insights to help shape an effective program for HPV vaccine introduction.OBJETIVO: Comprender el contexto sociocultural, las capacidades del sistema de salud y las condiciones políticas vinculadas al cáncer cervical y a la vacuna contra el VPH para diseñar una estrategia apropiada de introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Investigación formativa usando técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Los participantes incluyeron niños, padres, líderes, funcionarios del sector salud y educación, y diseñadores de políticas. RESULTADOS: Generalmente se apoya la introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH, dado que se aprecian los beneficios de la vacunación y se desea prevenir el cáncer. En la comunidad se encontraron preocupaciones sobre seguridad, confianza y calidad de atención. El sistema de inmunizaciones en el Perú es eficiente y tiene la capacidad para incluir la vacuna contra el VPH. CONCLUSIONES: La investigación formativa permite comprender elementos clave que ayudan a diseñar un programa efectivo para la introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH.

Optimization Correction Strength Using Contra Bending Technique without Anterior Release Procedure to Achieve Maximum Correction on Severe Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis

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Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Adult scoliosis is defined as a spinal deformity in a skeletally mature patient with a Cobb angle of more than 10 degrees in the coronal plain. Posterior-only approach with rod and screw corrective manipulation to add strength of contra bending manipulation has correction achievement similar to that obtained by conventional combined anterior release and posterior approach. It also avoids the complications related to the thoracic approach. We reported a case of 25-year-old male adult idiopathic scoliosis with double curve. It consists of main thoracic curve of 150 degrees and lumbar curve of 89 degrees. His curve underwent direct contra bending posterior approach using rod and screw corrective manipulation technique to achieve optimal correction. After surgery the main thoracic Cobb angle becomes 83 degrees and lumbar Cobb angle becomes 40 degrees, with 5 days length of stay and less than 800 mL blood loss during surgery. There is no complaint at two months after surgery; he has already come back to normal activity with good functional activity.

Menores Expuestos a Violencia contra la Pareja: Notas para una Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia

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Beatriz Atenciano Jiménez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se ha estimado en 188.000 la cifra de niñas y niños expuestos a violencia contra la pareja en España. Las investigaciones indican que esta población presenta a corto y largo plazo dificultades emocionales y conductuales, y síntomas de trauma, asociados a los malos tratos contra sus madres, ejercidos durante la relación de pareja y tras la finalización de la misma. Además, un porcentaje elevado de estos menores sufren también maltrato físico, psicológico y sexual. Se presentan las principales conclusiones, basadas en la investigación científica en lengua inglesa, acerca de las consecuencias de la exposición en los menores, de los maltratadores como padres, y de las mujeres maltratadas como madres. A partir de la evidencia existente sobre esta población, se plantea un marco para la intervención clínica, y se discute su estatus de víctimas secundarias/indirectas, la necesidad de estadísticas e intervenciones.

El programa nacional contra la violencia familiar y sexual y su impacto en la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Perú, período 2003-2009

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Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica

2012-01-01

El presente estudio de investigación tiene por objetivo probar que a través de la intervención con una gestión de resultados del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, del Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social, se contribuye en la reducción de la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Per˙, en el periodo 2004-2009. Teniendo como fuente de datos la información oficial del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, para los periodos 2003 ...

A EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA E A LUDICIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL CONTRA CRUELDADE ANIMAL E VIOLÊNCIA INTERPESSOAL

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Daniel Cortes Beretta

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo: A crueldade contra animais coexiste habitualmente com uma vasta gama de outros problemas (violência interpessoal, comportamento anti-social, bullying, etc. e pode ser identificada em crianças com idade inferior aos sete anos. A violência contra animais reflete diretamente na violência doméstica e interpessoale a crueldade contra seres indefesos e emocionalmente dependentes é parte de um ciclo insidioso de agressão. A formação de consciência crítica e individual se faz necessária nas etapas iniciais de vida do ser humano, portanto deve-se reconhecer e assumir que a criança é um ser social que constrói e cria cultura. O uso do lúdico através de jogos, teatros e brinquedos, é instrumento eficaz no desenvolvimento do pensamento e da autonomia infantil. Por isso, objetivou-se, através da ludicidade, que o público infantil aprendesse e transmitisse de forma adequada e segura, que os animais têm sentimentos; e que atos de crueldades contra eles não devem ser feitos ou repetidos. As atividades foram desenvolvidas de agosto de 2014 a novembro de 2015, nas cidades de Mineiros e Jataí, Goiás, Brasil. Foram realizadas ações pedagógicas aplicadas, como teatro, cantiga, cartilha educativa, brincadeiras interativas com massa de modelar e quebra-cabeça. Com a realização do projeto notou-se o interesse das crianças em aprender, transmitir a mensagem a seus familiares e, principalmente, colocar em prática o conhecimento adquirido por meio da dinâmica realizada. Como retorno, observou-se que a maneira lúdica e educativa foi eficiente em despertar o interesse das crianças contra a crueldade animal, quebrando neste caso o ciclo insidioso de violência. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, bem estar animal, sensibilização, ensino fundamental.   The university extension and ludicity in early childhood education against animal cruelty and interpersonal violence Abstract: Animal cruelty usually coexists with other

Counterintuitive publicity and the rebound effect A publicidade contra-intuitiva e o efeito ricochete

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Francisco Leite

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Counterintuitive publicity and the rebound effect — This paper shares with the reader some conceptual ideas of counterintuitive advertising, observing its possible effects on the reevaluation and deconstruction of beliefs and social stereotypes in the cognitive make-up of the viewer. The ironic rebound effect is singled out among the probable reflexes, according to the theory propounded by Daniel M. Wegner. This theory is applied taking as an example Fiat's commercial "The Driver", which was part of an advertising campaign in Brazil called "Review your concepts" to introduce its new Palio 2002 car model. The authors are currently engaged in a laboratory experiment to measure the above described theory in a consistent manner. O propósito deste artigo é compartilhar com o leitor algumas noções conceituais de publicidade contra-intuitiva e observar seus possíveis efeitos na reavaliação, desconstrução de crenças e estereótipos sociais, na estrutura cognitiva do indivíduo receptor. Destaca-se entre os reflexos provavelmente gerados o irônico efeito ricochete, segundo a teoria desenvolvida por Daniel M. Wegner. A aplicação para se discutir o cruzamento da narrativa contra-intuitiva e o efeito ricochete será, neste primeiro momento, pela exemplificação do filme Motorista, peça integrante da campanha publicitária da Fiat do Brasil "Reveja seus conceitos", para o lançamento do automóvel Palio 2002. Um experimento laboratorial está sendo desenvolvido pelos autores para se mensurar de maneira consistente a apresentação teórico-conceitual exposta.

Publicidad Contra la Violencia: Un Estudio de Recepción

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Sara Elena Giraldo Villegas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Recientemente se ha estado emitiendo en la televisión nacional de Colombia spots publicitarios generalmente conocidos como mensajes institucionales cuyos contenidos van en contra de las distintas formas de violencia, lo cual marca el inicio de campañas que incentivan la tolerancia y la convivencia pacífica. No obstante, es necesario conocer el resultado de esos mensajes, si han logrado su propósito, y si existe indiferencia ante la violencia real de los telespectadores. La emisión de estos spots pone de relieve la situación que el país ha vivido durante más de 50 años, sumido en la violencia guerrillera, paramilitar y de otras índoles, y se presume que estos mensajes deben propiciar una cultura ciudadana, una política de la inclusión con tolerancia, y facilitar escenarios de reconciliación familiar. El artículo se propone describir los diferentes impactos que generaron cuatro spots emitidos por Telecaribe, los cuales trataron de mostrar la violencia ejercida en niños-as, mujeres, ancianos-as y discapacitados, y en hombres adultos de las comunas 5 y 6 de la ciudad de Santa Marta.Palabras Clave: Publicidad contra la violencia; estudios de recepción; spots publicitarios; impacto; videos; constructivismo; cultura; cotidianidad; reconocimiento. Advertising violence: A Study of ReceptionAbstractRecently, publicity spots generally known as institutional messages with contents against the different forms of violence have been emitted in national television. This marks the beginning of campaigns that encourage tolerance and pacific coexistence. However, it’s necessary to know the result of those messages, if they have achieved their purpose, and if there is any indifference before the audience’s real violence. The broadcast of these spots highlights the country’s situation throughout more than 50 years of guerilla, paramilitary and other sources of violence; and it is presumed to propitiate tolerance culture, peace or civic culture

Cobre antimicrobiano contra patógenos intrahospitalarios en Perú

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Edwin Neciosup

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las infecciones intrahospitalarias (IIH constituyen un problema de salud pública que generan grandes gastos por parte de los gobiernos, debido a que los patógenos causantes de IIH presentan resistencia a fármacos y generan una mayor permanencia de los pacientes, pues la infraestructura hospitalaria constituye un reservorio favorable para los patógenos. Las superficies de cobre surgen como opción sanitaria y efectiva para controlar el crecimiento y propagación de estos patógenos. Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad bactericida de las superficies de cobre contra los principales bacterias patógenas causantes de IIH (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus. Diseño: Estudio experimental con muestreo no probabilístico. Lugar: Hospital Regional Docente las Mercedes (HRDLM y Hospital Provincial Docente Belén (HPDB, Lambayeque, Perú. Materiales: Nueve cepas bacterianas, 3 de E. coli , 3 de P. aeruginosa y 3 de S. aureus; superficies metálicas (1 cm² de cobre y acero inoxidable (control . Intervenciones: Las 9 cepas bacterianas fueron proporcionadas por los hospitales HRDLM (4 cepas y HPDB (5 cepas. Los análisis de ANOVA y de Tukey fueron aplicados para evaluar la actividad bactericida de las superficies de cobre y acero inoxidable contra las 9 cepas causantes de IIH, usando los programas estadísticos Minitab y Sigmaplot, respectivamente. Principales medidas de resultados: Diferencias en el crecimiento bacteriano sobre superficies de cobre o acero inoxidable, con respecto al tiempo de exposición. Resultados: Las 9 cepas -3 de P. aeruginosa, 3 de E. coli y 3 de S. aureus - expuestas a superficies de cobre fueron eliminadas en 10, 15 y 60 minutos, respectivamente. La carga bacteriana de las células expuestas en superficies de acero inoxidable permaneció constante y viable por periodos mayores a 60 minutos. Además, las superficies de cobre eliminaron más rápido a las bacterias Gram negativas (P

Vectores recombinantes basados en el virus Vaccinia modificado de Ankara (MVA) como vacunas contra la leishmaniasis

OpenAIRE

Pérez Jiménez, Eva; Larraga, Vicente; Esteban, Mariano

2005-01-01

Vectores recombinantes basados en el virus vaccinia modificado de Ankara (MVA) como vacunas contra la leishmaniasis. Los vectores de la invención contienen secuencias codificantes de la proteína LACK, preferentemente insertadas en el locus de hemaglutinina del virus y bajo el control de un promotor que permite su expresión a lo largo del ciclo de infección del virus. Son vectores seguros, estables, que dan lugar a una potente respuesta inmune que confiere protección frente a la leishmaniasis,...

VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER E A PRÁTICA ASSISTENCIAL NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE

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Ethel Bastos da Silva

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se ha buscado conocer y analizar las concepciones de profesionales de los equipos de salud de la familia, con relación a la violencia contra la mujer y a la práctica asistencial, por medio de la Pesquisa Participante desarrollada en una ciudad ubicada en la región noroeste del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Participaron treinta profesionales en ocho reuniones que se constituyeron de un proceso de reflexión y aprendizaje durante los meses de septiembre a diciembre de 2012. Los datos fueron analizados por contenido temático. Los profesionales comprenden que la violencia contra la mujer existe debido a la jerarquía en las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres en que se le confiere más poder al hombre, situación que lo legitima a practicar dicha violencia. La práctica asistencial parte de una concepción biológica del problema con tendencia a la social. Los cuidados se dirigen hacia el tratamiento de la lesión física, escucha, orientación a la denuncia y encaminamiento a los sectores especializados de salud y asistencia social.

Resultados de la Policía Nacional en la lucha contra el crimen, 2011

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Ervyn Norza Céspedes

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo contiene la descripción de los resultados obtenidos por la Policía Nacional en el desarrollo de estrategias orientadas a garantizar la seguridad y la convivencia ciudadana en Colombia durante el 2011, entre los cuales están las capturas por todos los delitos consagrados en el Código Penal, el rescate de personas secuestradas, la desactivación de artefactos explosivos, la recuperación de vehículos y la incautación y recuperación de mercancía, entre otras actividades de repercusión nacional e internacional en la lucha contra el crimen.

La lucha contra la violencia escolar y su prevención

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Jesús María Martínez García

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El artículo parte de la noticia de la puesta en marcha de la segunda fase del plan francés contra la violencia escolar para compararla con la situación en nuestro país. En Francia, se han adoptado una serie de medidas represivas que son las que han tenido más eco en nuestro país, olvidándonos de las de tipo educativo o pedagógico. En España podemos hablar de indisciplina más que de violencia, que resulta excepcional. Los casos más frecuentes de indisciplina ocurren en la ESO. Los profesores de secundaria se quejan con frecuencia de la indisciplina de su alumnado. La educación para la paz puede ser eficaz como elemento preventivo de la violencia escolar, siempre que parta de la realidad del aula.

El papel de la prensa norteamericana en la Guerra contra Irak

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Fernando Escobar Giraldo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La objetividad periodística resultó herida de gravedad en la guerra contra Irak. Estados Unidos planeó su guerra desde todos los frentes y uno de ellos fue el informativo. Ante la presión de los grandes medios de comunicación, el gobierno aceptó, contrario a lo que sucedió en la guerra del Golfo Pérsico, que un grupo de periodistas acompañara a las tropas, pero sometidos a ciertas reglas con las cuales, aparentemente, no se coartaba la libertad de expresión, pero sí había ciertas condiciones que a la larga limitaban la cobertura. El pueblo norteamericano terminó viendo una guerra diferente a la que se observó en otros países, una guerra de un solo bando, en la que primó el patriotismo frente a la verdad de la información.

El proceso de estructuración de mecanismos de cooperación bilateral : consideraciones para la lucha contra la trata de personas a partir del caso peruano-ecuatoriano

OpenAIRE

Galdos Frisancho, Melina Alejandra

2016-01-01

En la última década, el Perú ha respondido a las demandas del Régimen Internacional contra la Trata de Personas a través del diseño e implementación de medidas para prevenir, reprimir y sancionar este delito y sus formas de explotación. Dentro de este marco, Ecuador, a diferencia del resto de países de vecinos, se ha convertido en el país con el que más se ha avanzado en lo que respecta a la construcción de una agenda bilateral contra la trata de personas. Esta agenda común no parecería respo...

Recomendación sobre la vacuna contra la tosferina para los preadolescentes y adolescentes(Whooping Cough Vaccine Recommendation for Preteens and Teens)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

Este podcast proporciona información acerca de la tosferina y la recomendación de que todos los preadolescentes reciban la vacuna Tdap a los 11 o 12 años para ayudar a protegerlos contra esta grave enfermedad.

Desarrollo de una vacuna profiláctica de segunda generación contra el papilomavirus humano

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Alonso Leonardo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Los papilomavirus humanos (HPV son el agente etiológico del cáncer cervical (CC, la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres. Se estima que medio millón de nuevos cánceres se diagnostica cada año, ocurriendo la mayoría de ellos en países en vías de desarrollo debido a la ausencia o ineficiencia de los programas masivos de detección temprana. Recientemente se han introducido en el mercado dos vacunas profilácticas contra las principales cepas oncogénicas de HPV, la cepa 16 y 18, responsables por el 80% de todos los CC. Estas vacunas se obtienen en forma recombinante y han demostrado ser extremadamente seguras y eficaces. Sin embargo, su impacto inmediato en la incidencia de la infección por HPV en países en vías de desarrollo será mínimo, debido principalmente al alto costo de las mismas. Existe la necesidad de contar con vacunas de segunda generación, de bajo costo y de aplicación masiva que permitan disminuir sensiblemente el número de CC en la población. Con este objetivo hemos desarrollado una plataforma de expresión recombinante que permite obtener partículas tipo virus (VLPs con las cuales es posible formular vacunas efectivas y accesibles contra la infección por HPV.

A enfermeira diplomada e a luta contra tuberculose no Brasil: 1961-1966 La enfermera diplomada y la lucha contra la tuberculosis en Brasil: 1961-1966 The registered nurse and the battle against tuberculosis in Brazil: 1961-1966

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Hercília Regina do Amaral Montenegro

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O objeto desse estudo é a reconfiguração do Serviço de Enfermagem do Hospital Estadual Santa Maria, frente a uma nova política contra a tuberculose no Brasil. Objetivos: descrever as circunstâncias que ensejaram a implantação do novo Programa de Ação na Luta contra a Tuberculose no Brasil, e discutir as estratégias utilizadas pelas enfermeiras diplomadas do Hospital Estadual Santa Maria, no Estado da Guanabara, para adequar a assistência de enfermagem ao novo programa de combate à tuberculose. Estudo histórico-social. Para sua elaboração, foi realizada pesquisa documental, entrevistas e depoimentos de enfermeiras da época. A análise do corpus documental, apoiada pelos conceitos de habitus, campo e poder simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu, se fez com base em documentos escritos, orais e fontes secundárias. Resultados: a reconfiguração do serviço de enfermagem se deu sob a liderança de uma enfermeira cujo capital simbólico lhe conferia poder e prestígio para implementar as mudanças necessárias. Pode-se concluir que a atuação dessa enfermeira possibilitou a implantação do novo programa, e contribuiu para demarcar o espaço e a importância da enfermeira diplomada na assistência aos acometidos de tuberculose, tanto nos aspectos de prevenção quanto nos de cura.El objeto de este estudio fue la reconfiguración del Servicio de Enfermería del Hospital Estatal Santa Maria, frente a una nueva política contra la tuberculosis en Brasil. Objetivos: describir las circunstancias que permitieron la implantación del nuevo Programa de Acción en la Lucha contra la Tuberculosis en Brasil, y discutir las estrategias utilizadas por las enfermeras diplomadas del Hospital Estatal Santa Maria, en el Estado de la Guanabara, para adecuar la asistencia de enfermería al nuevo programa de combate a la tuberculosis. Estudio histórico social. Para su elaboración, fueron realizadas una investigación documental y entrevistas/declaraciones de

O “CASO SIMONE ANDRÉ DINIZ” E A LUTA CONTRA O RACISMO ESTRUTURAL NO BRASIL

OpenAIRE

Lugon Arantes, Paulo de Tarso

2007-01-01

A discriminação racial no Brasil é um problema endêmico que permeia todas as suas instituições públicas e privadas. A decisão no caso Simone André Diniz, proferida pela Comissão Interamericana, representa um marco na luta contra a insensibilidade do judiciário às questões raciais no País. Este artigo tem o objetivo de traçar comentários à referida decisão, aportando as teorias do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, referente ao caso, para que se torne uma contribuição ao esclareciment...

Comparative genome analyses of Serratia marcescens FS14 reveals its high antagonistic potential.

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Pengpeng Li

Full Text Available S. marcescens FS14 was isolated from an Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz plant that was infected by Fusarium oxysporum and showed symptoms of root rot. With the completion of the genome sequence of FS14, the first comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of the Serratia genus was performed. Pan-genome and COG analyses showed that the majority of the conserved core genes are involved in basic cellular functions, while genomic factors such as prophages contribute considerably to genome diversity. Additionally, a Type I restriction-modification system, a Type III secretion system and tellurium resistance genes are found in only some Serratia species. Comparative analysis further identified that S. marcescens FS14 possesses multiple mechanisms for antagonism against other microorganisms, including the production of prodigiosin, bacteriocins, and multi-antibiotic resistant determinants as well as chitinases. The presence of two evolutionarily distinct Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs in FS14 may provide further competitive advantages for FS14 against other microbes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative analysis on T6SSs in the genus, which identifies four types of T6SSs in Serratia spp.. Competition bioassays of FS14 against the vital plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were performed to support our genomic analyses, in which FS14 demonstrated high antagonistic activities against both bacterial and fungal phytopathogens.

Matrix approach to the simultaneous detection of multiple potato pathogens by real-time PCR.

Science.gov (United States)

Nikitin, M M; Statsyuk, N V; Frantsuzov, P A; Dzhavakhiya, V G; Golikov, A G

2018-03-01

Create a method for highly sensitive, selective, rapid and easy-to-use detection and identification of economically significant potato pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and oomycetes, be it single pathogen, or a range of various pathogens occurring simultaneously. Test-systems for real-time PCR, operating in the unified amplification regime, have been developed for Phytophthora infestans, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Dickeya dianthicola, Dickeya solani, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, potato viruses Y (ordinary and necrotic forms as well as indiscriminative test system, detecting all forms), A, X, S, M, potato leaf roll virus, potato mop top virus and potato spindle tuber viroid. The test-systems (including polymerase and revertase) were immobilized and lyophilized in miniature microreactors (1·2 μl) on silicon DNA/RNA microarrays (micromatrices) to be used with a mobile AriaDNA ® amplifier. Preloaded 30-reaction micromatrices having shelf life of 3 and 6 months (for RNA- and DNA-based pathogens, respectively) at room temperature with no special conditions were successfully tested on both reference and field samples in comparison with traditional ELISA and microbiological methods, showing perfect performance and sensitivity (1 pg). The accurate, rapid and user-friendly diagnostic system in a micromatrix format may significantly contribute to pathogen screening and phytopathological studies. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Towards allele mining of bacterial wilt disease resistance gene in tomato

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galvez, H.F.; Narciso, J.O.; Opina, N.L.; Canama, A.O.; Colle, M.G.; Latiza, M.A.; Caspillo, C.L.; Bituin, J.L.; Frankie, R.B.; Hautea, D.M.

2005-01-01

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is the most important vegetable commodity of the Philippines. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one serious constraint in tomato production particularly during off-season planting. A major locus derived from H7996 that confers resistance to bacterial wilt has been mapped in the tomato genome. To validate the biological function of the resistance locus and generate multiple allele -mimics-, targeted mutation was induced in tomato using gamma ray and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagens. Suitable mutagen treatment was established by evaluating a wide range of mutagen doses/concentrations for a) percent seed germination, b) reduction in plant height, and c) loss of resistance. Six hundred Gy and 1.0% EMS were identified to generate large M1 families of H7996. From 10,000 initial seeds treated with either gamma ray or EMS, a total of 3,663 M1 plants were generated. M2 seeds were harvested from all surviving M1 plants. Several DNA markers have been resourced and are being developed specific to the bacterial wilt resistant gene. In the large M2 population, of H7996, both the phenotypic manifestation of bacterial wilt susceptibility and nucleotide changes in the resistance locus will be evaluated. Large M3 families for the different allele series of the bacterial wilt resistance gene will be established for future high throughput TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) analysis in the gene region

Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology.

Science.gov (United States)

Mansfield, John; Genin, Stephane; Magori, Shimpei; Citovsky, Vitaly; Sriariyanum, Malinee; Ronald, Pamela; Dow, Max; Verdier, Valérie; Beer, Steven V; Machado, Marcos A; Toth, Ian; Salmond, George; Foster, Gary D

2012-08-01

Many plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular microbe should appear in any list of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. However, to our knowledge, no such list exists. The aim of this review was to survey all bacterial pathologists with an association with the journal Molecular Plant Pathology and ask them to nominate the bacterial pathogens they would place in a 'Top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. The survey generated 458 votes from the international community, and allowed the construction of a Top 10 bacterial plant pathogen list. The list includes, in rank order: (1) Pseudomonas syringae pathovars; (2) Ralstonia solanacearum; (3) Agrobacterium tumefaciens; (4) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; (5) Xanthomonas campestris pathovars; (6) Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovars; (7) Erwinia amylovora; (8) Xylella fastidiosa; (9) Dickeya (dadantii and solani); (10) Pectobacterium carotovorum (and Pectobacterium atrosepticum). Bacteria garnering honourable mentions for just missing out on the Top 10 include Clavibacter michiganensis (michiganensis and sepedonicus), Pseudomonas savastanoi and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. This review article presents a short section on each bacterium in the Top 10 list and its importance, with the intention of initiating discussion and debate amongst the plant bacteriology community, as well as laying down a benchmark. It will be interesting to see, in future years, how perceptions change and which bacterial pathogens enter and leave the Top 10. © 2012 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology © 2012 BSPP and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Hombres violentos contra la pareja: ¿tienen un trastorno mental y requieren tratamiento psicológico?

OpenAIRE

Echeburúa, Enrique; Amor, Pedro Javier

2016-01-01

Hay muchas razones por las que los hombres maltratadores contra la pareja deben recibir tratamiento psicológico. En este artículo se analizan los transtornos más relevantes, tales como el abuso de alcohol/drogas, los celos patológicos y los transtornos de personalidad (antisocial, límite, narcisista y paranoide), así como los déficits psicológicos de estas personas, tales como el descontrol de la ira, las dificultades emocionales, las distorsiones cognitivas, la baja autoestima y los déficits...

De Auschwitz y Núremberg a Srebrenice y Darfur. La sexagenaria convención contra el genocidio.

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Lerner, N. (Natan)

2008-01-01

El articulo analiza el efecto de la Convención contra el Genocidio a la luz de la experiencia de sus sesenta años de vigencia. Ese efecto no fue intenso, más que nada debido a falta de medidas para la puesta en practica del tratado. Pero la Convención ha sido ampliamente ratificada -137 Estados lo hicieron hasta hoy— y ha contribuido a un progreso del Derecho Penal Internacional, traducido en la creación de tribunales especiales, para los crimenes cometidos en la ex Yugoslav...

Trastornos de personalidad y psicopatía en hombres condenados por violencia grave contra la pareja

OpenAIRE

Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Echeburúa, Enrique

2008-01-01

En este artículo se lleva a cabo un estudio de las alteraciones de personalidad (trastornos de personalidad y psicopatía) asociadas a los maltratadores a la mujer que se encuentran en prisión. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 76 hombres condenados por un delito de violencia grave contra la pareja, que cumplimentaron el MCMI-II antes de comenzar dentro de la prisión un programa de tratamiento para la violencia. Asimismo todos los participantes fueron evaluados de forma heteroaplicada medi...

Avances en el desarrollo de vacunas contra la neosporosis bovina Advances in the development of vaccines for bovine neosporosis

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Yanina P. Hecker

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La neosporosis es una enfermedad que ocasiona abortos en bovinos y está causada por un protozoo intracelular obligado denominado Neospora caninum. Las graves pérdidas económicas que provoca en los sistemas de producción de bovinos justifica la necesidad de avanzar en el desarrollo de vacunas. La resistencia a parásitos Apicomplexa está asociada a una respuesta inmune T helper 1 mediada por linfocitos T CD4 citotóxicos y a la producción de interferón-gamma, interleuquina-12, factor de necrosis tumoral e inmunoglobulina G2. La disminución de la transmisión vertical en las sucesivas preñeces y el bajo nivel de repetición de abortos en animales infectados sugieren la existencia de mecanismos inmunitarios de protección. Hasta el momento se conoce que la inoculación pre-servicio con taquizoítos vivos protege contra la infección y el aborto. Los antecedentes de desarrollo de vacunas vivas contra otros protozoos estimulan a los investigadores a continuar en la búsqueda de una vacuna de este tipo contra N. caninum de buena eficacia. Por otra parte, una vacuna inactivada, aun con una baja eficacia, es útil en la prevención del aborto en aquellos establecimientos donde la enfermedad es epizoótica. Una vacuna contra la neosporosis debería evitar el aborto, la transmisión transplacental y la persistencia de la infección. Este trabajo menciona los diversos tipos de vacunas que han sido evaluados hasta el momento, incluyendo inmunógenos inactivos, taquizoítos vivos, antígenos recombinantes y vacunas en vectores.Neosporosis, a disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Neospora caninum, produces abortions in cattle. The severe economic losses in cattle industry justify the need to develop control measures for preventing bovine abortion. Apicomplexan parasitic resistance is associated with T helper 1 immune response mediated by CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the production of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis

Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra leptospira en población urbana humana y canina del departamento del tolima

OpenAIRE

Romero, Marlyn H.; Sánchez, Jorge A.; Hayek, Linda C.

2012-01-01

Objetivo Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira sp. y los serovares dominantes, en población urbana humana y canina de tres municipios del departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico trasversal con selección de sujetos por conveniencia en 62 barrios. Se obtuvieron muestras de 850 personas.y 850 caninos durante los meses de junio, julio y agosto de 2007, las cuales fueron procesadas utilizando la prueba de microaglutinaci...

Associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo contra a mulher e infecção por HIV

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Claudia Barros

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres e a infecção ou suspeita de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em dados de questionários aplicados face-a-face e de prontuários médicos de 2.780 mulheres de 15 a 49 anos, atendidas em unidades do sistema único de saúde da Grande São Paulo, SP, em 2001-2002. As mulheres foram categorizadas em: usuárias em tratamento por serem "soropositivas para o HIV", com "suspeita de HIV" e aquelas que procuraram os serviços por outros motivos. A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres na vida foi categorizada por gravidade e recorrência dos episódios de violência. A associação com o desfecho foi testada pelo modelo de Poisson com variância robusta e ajustada por variáveis sociodemográficas, sexuais e reprodutivas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência foi de 59,8%. Sofrer violência reiterada e grave apresentou maior associação de infecção confirmada pelo HIV (RP = 1,91. A violência independente da gravidade e da recorrência dos episódios apresentou maior associação para a suspeita de infecção por HIV (RP = 1,29. CONCLUSÕES: A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres tem papel relevante nas situações de suspeita e confirmação da infecção pelo HIV, sendo essencial incluir sua detecção, controle e prevenção como parte da atenção integral à saúde das mulheres.

Obtención de anticuerpos monoclonales de ratón contra proteasa de cisteína 5 recombinante de Entamoeba histolytica

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Juanita Trejos S.

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Obtener anticuerpos monoclonales de ratón contra la proteasas de cisteína 5 (EhCP5 de Entamoeba histolytica. Materiales y métodos. Se inmunizaron ratones BALB/c por vía intraperitoneal con adyuvante de Freund completo e incompleto con la proteína recombinante EhCP5 obtenida a partir del cultivo de E.coli DH5α trasfectada con el vector recombinante pJC45 que expresa dicha proteína. Se seleccionó el animal con mejor respuesta de anticuerpos. Al cual se le extrajo su bazo como fuente de linfocitos B, los cuales se fusionaron utilizando PEG con células de mieloma de ratón SP2-0/Ag14. Se procedió a selección de los hibridomas y a la evaluación de los sobrenadantes de las colonias que crecieron a los 7 días mediante ELISA. Los hibridomas con valores más altos de anticuerpos específicos contra la proteína EhCP5r se seleccionaron, y los clones obtenidos por diluciones limitantes fueron expandidos. Resultados. A partir de un clon secretor estable se purifico el anticuerpo monoclonal anti EhCP5r del isotipo IgG1 por cromatografía de afinidad con proteína G. Los clones fueron expandidos in vivo e in vitro. Con el anticuerpo purificado se diseñaron tres sistemas de captura para evaluar la aplicabilidad del anticuerpo monoclonal anti EhCP5r como método inmunodiagnóstico. Conclusiones. Se logro la producción de un anticuerpo monoclonal específico contra EhCP5r que permite diferenciar Entamoeba histolytica de Entamoeba dispar.

INNOVAR CONTRA LA CORRIENTE

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Alfredo del Valle

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Experiencias en un país en desarrollo: tres empresas proveedoras de la minería construyen capacidades de innovar Alfredo del Valle, Eduardo Abarzúa, Fernando Contreras Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado VER VERSIÓN ON LINE Santiago de Chile Este libro da a conocer una experiencia singular sobre el desarrollo de capacidades de innovación empresarial en un país en desarrollo. Se titula 'Innovar contra la Corriente' porque la experiencia se ha producido en el medio adverso a la innovación que caracteriza a estos países. Nuestra cultura dificulta y entorpece la innovación. La del mundo desarrollado, en cambio, la favorece y la estimula a todos los niveles. Solo podremos desarrollarnos si emprendemos la tarea clave de construir una nueva cultura, que promueva y apoye la innovación en cada empresa, en cada política pública y en la sociedad entera. Es una tarea ardua, porque exige enfrentar las culturas actuales y las prácticas asociadas a ellas, que nos rigen y nos condicionan en todos los planos sin que seamos conscientes de aquello. La experiencia se realizó en tres empresas chilenas -ARA WorleyParsons (ingeniería, Drillco Tools (herramientas de perforación y Enaex Servicios (servicios de explosión controlada- en conjunto con la Universidad Alberto Hurtado, que aportó la metodología: el Modelo de Innovación Participativa. Las culturas y sus prácticas son fruto de procesos de aprendizaje en la acción. Ellas no se transforman con simples tareas de capacitación o comunicación ni con eventos de impacto emocional, como suele proponerse, sino que requieren de procesos más profundos de movilización de personas y conocimientos, para la creación de valor y la creación organizacional. Esta experiencia ha tenido como rasgos distintivos su atención al carácter propio del mundo no desarrollado, su metodología sistémica y participativa, y un dispositivo de observación crítica del modelo utilizado, así como del proceso en las

An Integrative Biosensor Based on Contra-Directional Coupling Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao-Yu, Mao; Di-Bi, Yao; Ling-Yun, Zhao; Yi-Dong, Huang; Wei, Zhang; Jiang-De, Peng

2008-01-01

We propose an integrative biochemical sensor utilizing the dip in the transmission spectrum of a normal single-line defect photonic crystal (PC) waveguide, which has a contra-directional coupling with another PC waveguide. When the air holes in the PC slab are filled with a liquid analyte with different refractive indices, the dip has a wavelength shift By detecting the output power variation at a certain fixed wavelength, a sensitivity of 1.2 × 10 −4 is feasible. This structure is easy for integration due to its plane waveguide structure and omissible pump source. In addition, high signal to noise ratio can be expected because signal transmits via a normal single-line defect PC waveguide instead of the PC hole area or analyte

A lei contra a tortura no Brasil, a construção do conceito de “crime de lesa-humanidade” e os paradoxos da punição criminal

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Mariana Thorstensen Possas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo trata da construção e utilização da distinção entre crimes contra a humanidade e crimes ordinários para fazer referência a duas “categorias” ou “tipos” de crimes, segundo os entrevistados da pesquisa: os crimes contra a humanidade seriam aqueles que violam diretamente ou de uma maneira especialmente agressiva os direitos humanos e os crimes ordinários ou comuns seriam todos os que não agridem diretamente os direitos humanos.  O conteúdo do texto foi extraído de tese de doutorado, realizada no Canadá, na Universidade de Ottawa, cujo tema de pesquisa é a criação legislativa em matéria criminal, especificamente a criação da lei contra a tortura no Brasil (Lei nº 9.455/97. Do ponto de vista empírico, o artigo se concentra na análise das entrevistas realizadas com políticos e militantes de direitos humanos que participaram direta ou indiretamente da produção da lei.

Educação contra a exclusão: trabalho infantil e abandono escolar: uma realidade entre dois mundos

OpenAIRE

Mateus, Maria do Nascimento Esteves; Ribeiro, Maria do Céu

2009-01-01

Este trabalho subordinado ao tema “Educação Contra A Exclusão - Trabalho Infantil e Abandono Escolar: Uma Realidade Entre Dois Mundos” teve como objectivo compreender as estratégias que a Escola EB2,3/S D. Afonso III – Vinhais concebeu para manter ou chamar de novo os jovens adolescentes que abandonam a escola em prol de um trabalho infantil ilegal e desqualificado.

Cometabolic degradation of ethyl mercaptan by phenol-utilizing Ralstonia eutropha in suspended growth and gas-recycling trickle-bed reactor.

Science.gov (United States)

Sedighi, Mahsa; Zamir, Seyed Morteza; Vahabzadeh, Farzaneh

2016-01-01

The degradability of ethyl mercaptan (EM), by phenol-utilizing cells of Ralstonia eutropha, in both suspended and immobilized culture systems, was investigated in the present study. Free-cells experiments conducted at EM concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 14.42 mg/l, showed almost complete removal of EM at concentrations below 10.08 mg/l, which is much higher than the maximum biodegradable EM concentration obtained in experiments that did not utilize phenol as the primary substrate, i.e. 2.5 mg/l. The first-order kinetic rate constant (kSKS) for EM biodegradation by the phenol-utilizing cells (1.7 l/g biomass/h) was about 10 times higher than by cells without phenol utilization. Immobilized-cells experiments performed in a gas recycling trickle-bed reactor packed with kissiris particles at EM concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 36.9 mg/l, showed complete removal at all tested concentrations in a much shorter time, compared with free cells. The first-order kinetic rate constant (rmaxKs) for EM utilization was 0.04 l/h for the immobilized system compared to 0.06 for the suspended-growth culture, due to external mass transfer diffusion. Diffusion limitation was decreased by increasing the recycling-liquid flow rate from 25 to 65 ml/min. The removed EM was almost completely mineralized according to TOC and sulfate measurements. Shut down and starvation experiments revealed that the reactor could effectively handle the starving conditions and was reliable for full-scale application. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

LUCHANDO INFRUCTUOSAMENTE CONTRA LA HIDRA: UN MODELO SENCILLO DEL NARCOTRÁFICO

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Carlos Humberto Ortiz

2002-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un modelo sencillo del narcotráfico que incorpora los riesgos de esta actividad. El modelo contribuye a explicar dos características notables del narcotráfico: la generación de ganancias extraordinarias y la gran capacidad de reproducción en condiciones de prohibición y represión. El modelo genera una relación directa entre la represión a la oferta -la estrategia dominante de lucha contra el narcotráfico- y las características mencionadasA simple model of drug trafficking, which embodies this activity risks, is shown in this paper. The model helps to explain two stylized facts of this activity: the generation of extraordinary profits and strong reproduction ability under prohibition and repression. The model creates a direct link between the repression of supply, which has been the dominant strategy in the fight against drug trafficking, and the mentioned facts.

Study on the Contra-Rotating Propeller system design and full-scale performance prediction method

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Keh-Sik Min

2009-09-01

Full Text Available A ship's screw-propeller produces thrust by rotation and, at the same time, generates rotational flow behind the propeller. This rotational flow has no contribution to the generation of thrust, but instead produces energy loss. By recovering part of the lost energy in the rotational flow, therefore, it is possible to improve the propulsion efficiency. The contra-rotating propeller (CRP system is the representing example of such devices. Unfortunately, however, neither a design method nor a full-scale performance prediction procedure for the CRP system has been well established yet. The authors have long performed studies on the CRP system, and some of the results from the authors’ studies shall be presented and discussed.

¿Cuánta política encierra lo personal? Notas sobre género y violencia doméstica contra las mujeres

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Concepción Pozo Gándara

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En los estudios sobre violencia doméstica contra la mujer, la atención hacia las experiencias subjetivas de las mujeres se ha materializado en discursos científicos y prácticas e intervenciones sociales. En este artículo se ha intentado avanzar más allá de la noción de patriarcado al incorporar al estudio de la violencia nociones de las ciencias sociales que conceptualizan el género como categoría relacional e histórica que opera a través de la intersección con otras categorías. Para ello se analizaron las entrevistas de dieciocho hombres y diecisiete mujeres involucrados con la ley que rige en Brasil los crímenes de violencia contra la mujer. Se identifican y se discuten algunos temas como la victimización, la denuncia de la agresión y el proceso de escape de la relación violenta.

Actividad in vitro contra Leishmania y permeación en piel humana de liposomas ultradeformables de miltefosina

OpenAIRE

Hernandez, Indiira Paola; Martinetti Montanari, Jorge Anibal; Escobar Rivero, Patricia

2017-01-01

Introducción: los liposomas ultradeformables de miltefosina (LUD-MIL) constituyen una opción para el tratamiento tópico en leishmaniasis cutánea penetrando los estratos de la piel hasta la dermis, sitio donde habita el parásito. Objetivo: diseñar LUD-MIL y determinar su actividad contra L. (Viannia) panamensis y L. (V.) braziliensis y la permeación en piel humana. Métodos: los LUD-MIL, liposomas convencionales de fosfatidilcolina (LConv) y LUD-MIL-fluorescente (LUD-MIL-F...

El Genocidio Contra el Pueblo Armenio: Estimulando actitudes solidarias para posibilitar la integración, respeto y tolerancia entre las personas y los pueblos

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Demirdjian, Sabrina

2015-11-01

Full Text Available La Universidad Nacional de Rosario a través de la Cátedra Armenia, ha elaborado el Programa de Tolerancia y Respeto entre los Pueblos, con el objetivo de proporcionar instrumentos de análisis y reflexión para abordar la historia del Genocidio contra el Pueblo Armenio yproyectar acciones que tiendan a lograr actitudes desolidaridad y respeto mutuo desde una perspectiva intercultural como bases necesarias para la convivencia. Los contenidos desarrollados en los Talleres presenciales de participación integrativa, cuya modalidad se basa en utilizardisparadores motivacionales audiovisuales, abarcan distintos aspectos: contexto histórico – geopolítico, análisis de criterios epistemológicos: como la negación, pensar desde la víctima; ¿porque Armenia?; el genocidio contra el pueblo armenio: perpetrado por Turquía y aún negado; lazos entre Argentina y Armenia.

Prevenção do Nascimento Prematuro: Importância da Monitorização das Contrações Uterinas Prevention of Preterm Birth: Role of Uterine Contraction Monitoring

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Eduardo Sérgio Borges da Fonseca

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre alterações das contrações uterinas e parto prematuro. Metodologia: entre fevereiro de 1996 e junho de 1998, 73 gestantes com risco para o parto prematuro foram submetidas à monitorização externa das contrações uterinas, da 24ª à 34ª semana de gestação, duas vezes por semana, durante 60 minutos. O teste foi considerado positivo quando as contrações uterinas apresentavam freqüência maior ou igual a 4 contrações/hora antes da 30ª semana e a 6 contrações/hora após esta data. Resultado: foram excluídas da análise 17 pacientes (23,28% por apresentarem patologias obstétricas ou evolução desfavorável para os resultados finais. Das 56 gestantes restantes, a incidência de partos prematuros espontâneos foi de 23,21% (13/56. A freqüência média das contrações uterinas foi significativamente maior no grupo que evoluiu para o parto prematuro. O método revelou uma sensibilidade de 69,23%, uma especificidade de 86,04% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 60% e 90,24%, respectivamente. Conclusão: o teste negativo está associado a baixo risco de nascimento prematuro. Contudo, diante do teste positivo, torna-se necessária a associação com outros marcadores do parto prematuro para melhor identificar pacientes com risco elevado.Purpose: to evaluate the relationship between uterine contractions and premature delivery. Methods: between February 1996 and July 1998, 73 high risk pregnant women for preterm delivery, between the 24th and 34th weeks of gestation, were submitted to uterine contraction monitoring with tokodynamometers for 1 hour twice a week. The positive test was the presence of 4 contractions/h before the 30th week of gestation, and after this time, 6 contractions/h. Result: of 73 women, 17 patients (23.28% were excluded from the final analysis because they presented obstetric problems or unfavorable development for the final result. The rate of preterm delivery was 21

Dificultades en la integración y cooperación de los cuerpos policiales de América Latina en la lucha contra el narcotráfico. Estudio de caso: AMERIPOL

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Duque, Daniela Patricia

2015-01-01

La presente investigación analiza los principales retos que afectan la cooperación e integración de los cuerpos policiales latinoamericanos en la lucha contra el narcotráfico. Para realizar dicho análisis se toma como caso de estudio AMERIPOL, organización creada en el año 2007 y que actualmente constituye el único mecanismo de cooperación policial en el hemisferio americano. Se considera que la cooperación e integración de los cuerpos policiales en la lucha contra el narcotráfico en la regió...

Estado y nación durante el golpe contra Hugo Chávez

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Coronil, Fernando

2005-06-01

Full Text Available This essay has two objetives. In the first place, it is a discussion of the development of the coup d’etat against Hugo Chávez during April 11th at 14th of 2002, focusing on the competing views of the opposition and supporters of the government in relation to three processes: the march against the violation of “meritocracia” in the oil industry (corporate criteria for selecting the managers of the state’s oil company, the massacre that took place on April 11th, and the act of proclamation of Pedro Carmona as president on April 12th. The essay examines in particular the choreography of these events and the changing conceptions of the nation and the state involved in these processes. Secondly, on the basis of this examination, the essay concludes with some theoretical observations concerning the state, its constitution, and the manner in which it exerts its hegemony.

Este ensayo tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, es una discusión sobre el golpe de Estado contra Hugo Chávez que se desarrolló entre el 11 y el 14 de abril de 2002. Se enfoca en las contrapuestas visiones de la oposición y de los partidarios del gobierno en relación con tres procesos: la marcha en protesta contra la violación de la meritocracia petrolera, la masacre del 11 de abril y el acto de proclamación de Pedro Carmona como presidente el 12 de abril. Examina en particular la coreografia de estos eventos y la transformación de las concepciones de la nación y el Estado involucradas en estos procesos. En segundo lugar, sobre la base de esta examinación, el ensayo concluye con algunas observaciones teóricas sobre el Estado, su constitución y la forma como ejerce su hegemonía.

Violência Contra Idosos na Família: Motivações, Sentimentos e Necessidades do Agressor

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Cirlene Francisca Sales Silva

Full Text Available Resumo O aumento mundial da população idosa tem sido acompanhado por importantes demandas, dentre elas a violência contra a pessoa idosa, que merece especial atenção devido às sequelas físicas e psicológicas que acarreta. A literatura tem focalizado mais o idoso agredido, pouco se detendo ao agressor. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar a violência contra idosos na família, da perspectiva do agressor, especificamente as motivações que os impeliram à violência, os sentimentos e as necessidades sentidas por eles. Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, tendo dela participado 13 agressores familiares dos idosos. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada que foi examinado por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Os resultados indicam que houve a presença de violência com agressões verbais e físicas; as principais motivações foram uso de álcool, proximidade física, dependência financeira do agressor em relação ao idoso e relacionamento permeado de violência entre ambos; os sentimentos experimentados foram tristeza, decepção, raiva, injustiça, angústia e revolta; as necessidades se relacionam ao desejo de que o processo fosse encerrado, voltar à sua vida normal e conviver com o idoso. Conclui-se acerca da necessidade de acolhimento aos agressores com a finalidade de ajudá-los a ressignificar a experiência da violência.

Protocolo de perícia em bem-estar animal para diagnóstico de maus-tratos contra animais de companhia

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Janaina Hammerschmidt

2015-02-01

Full Text Available As decisões judiciais sobre casos de maus-tratos contra animais podem ser subsidiadas por laudos de peritos em bem-estar animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar protocolos de diagnóstico de bem-estar animal para a identificação de maus-tratos contra animais de companhia. O protocolo é composto por quatro conjuntos de indicadores: nutricionais, de conforto, sanitários e comportamentais, os quais devem ser classificados em inadequados, regulares e adequados. As decisões finais para cada conjunto de indicadores devem ser integradas em um único resultado, o qual será o grau final de bem-estar. O protocolo utiliza uma forma de integração simplificada, baseada em limites para a inclusão em cada um dos cinco graus de bem-estar, descritos como: muito baixo, baixo, regular, alto e muito alto. Graus de bem-estar baixo e muito baixo são considerados inaceitáveis e devem ser descritos como maus-tratos. Grau de bem-estar regular é considerado aceitável se medidas corretivas forem asseguradas. Graus de bem-estar alto e muito alto são considerados desejáveis para o bem-estar animal. O protocolo permite a diferenciação do grau de bem-estar em escala compatível para a decisão em relação à ocorrência de maus-tratos. Nós esperamos que o refinamento das formas de identificação de crimes contra animais, especialmente nos casos nos quais não existem lesões físicas, juntamente com um protocolo padronizado, possam aprimorar a percepção do sofrimento animal, além de facilitar o trabalho de campo das pessoas envolvidas nestas investigações, oferecendo assim uma contribuição para incrementar o bem-estar animal, por meio de ações adequadas e de redução da criminalidade.

Violencia contra las mujeres en el ámbito doméstico : consecuencias sobre la salud psicosocial

OpenAIRE

Domínguez Fuentes, Juan Manuel; García Leiva, Patricia; Cuberos Casado, Inmaculada

2008-01-01

Actualmente la violencia contra las mujeres ejercida por sus compañeros sentimentales constituye uno de los problemas sociales más importantes, tanto en nuestro país como en el resto del mundo, debido al gran número de mujeres que la sufren y a sus consecuencias a nivel personal y social. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar cuáles son los daños psicosociales que conlleva dicha violencia para poder mejorar la intervención clínica y social. Para ello se les ha pasado a 100 mujer...

Violência contra idosos: uma questão nova? Violence against aged people: a new issue?

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Ana Paula R. Amadio Sanches

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O envelhecimento da população mundial é um fato concreto e de conhecimento público. O Brasil inicia seu processo de transição demográfica seguindo o padrão mundial: o aumento do número de idosos com possibilidade de atingir elevadas faixas etárias, o que traz a necessidade de pesquisas nesse campo, devido à demanda apresentada por essa nova parcela da população. A questão da violência doméstica contra idosos tem se ampliado e sugere necessidade de maior campo de investigação nessa área, dado o risco suposto ao qual essa população mais idosa está submetida. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar os estudos relacionados ao tema já realizados no Brasil e em diferentes países, com enfoque epidemiológico. O trabalho apresenta diversos pontos de abordagem da violência contra idosos, considerando questões relacionadas à cultura do envelhecimento, ações de políticas públicas, atuação de equipes de saúde, definição do termo abordado, aspectos legais e éticos da violência contra o idoso. Tal estudo permite ao pesquisador analisar os diferentes aspectos que envolvem a temática, demonstrando a necessidade de pesquisas específicas direcionadas ao tema.The world population is getting older and this is a very well known fact. The demographic transition of the Brazilian population is just beginning, and follows the world pattern: an increase in the number of older persons with an actual chance of reaching higher ages. As a consequence, there is the need of new studies to supply data about this new aspect of the population demands. Household violence against old persons has been growing and this strongly recommends that special research studies should be conducted, in view of the risk to which these individuals are exposed. The objective of this study is to list and analyze Brazilian and international studies related to aged persons, in light of an epidemiological point of view. The article presents many ways of approaching