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Sample records for continuada nos eua

  1. A bilionária indústria da educação médica continuada nos EUA: mais uma forma de interferência das empresas na relação médico-paciente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mônica Teixeira

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo trata de mais uma das formas pelas quais a indústria impacta a clínica médica. A indústria farmacêutica e de dispositivos médicos financia atividades de Educação Médica Continuada com o objetivo de promover a utilização de tratamentos que a ela interessam. A Educação Médica Continuada é obrigatória em muitos estados dos EUA para a renovação da licença para o exercício de profissões médicas e para-médicas. O congresso dos EUA discute como regular a questão, no contexto da reforma do sistema de saúde posta em discussão pelo atual presidente do país.

  2. FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: INTERFACES COM O BRINCAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Cavassana Soares

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Considerando a formação continuada em articulação com o trabalho educativo na Educação Infantil, pautado no eixo das interações e brincadeiras, neste texto apresentamos estudo bibliográfico que analisou produções acadêmicas sobre as temáticas da formação continuada e do brincar, situadas na primeira etapa da educação básica. Sustentados nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos bakhtinianos, buscamos compreender como se configuram as pesquisas que associam a tríade referente à formação continuada, ao brincar e à Educação Infantil, selecionando trabalhos no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, nos Grupos de trabalho 07 e 08 da ANPEd e no banco da SciELO. As análises do corpus de dados acenam para a necessidade de investimentos em ações de formação continuada que tematizem o brincar na interface com o trabalho educativo com as crianças, com a finalidade de culminar em práticas pedagógicas pautadas na brincadeira.

  3. EUA and sCER phase II price drivers: Unveiling the reasons for the existence of the EUA-sCER spread

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mansanet-Bataller, Maria, E-mail: maria.mansanet@uv.e [Climate Economics Chair (CEC), Paris (France); University of Valencia, Valencia (Spain); CDC Climat Research (France); Chevallier, Julien, E-mail: julien.chevallier@dauphine.f [Universite Paris-Dauphine (CGEMP/LEDa) (France); Herve-Mignucci, Morgan, E-mail: morgan.herve-mignucci@CPIVenice.or [CDC Climat Research (France); Climate Policy Initiative, Venice (Italy); Alberola, Emilie, E-mail: emilie.alberola@ccdcclimat.co [CDC Climat Research (France); Chair Energy and Finance, HEC Business School (France)

    2011-03-15

    This article studies the price relationships between EU emissions allowances (EUAs) - valid under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) - and secondary Certified Emissions Reductions (sCERs)-established from primary CERs generated through the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Given the price differences between EUAs and sCERs, financial and industrial operators may benefit from arbitrage strategies by buying sCERs and selling EUAs (i.e. selling the EUA-sCER spread) to cover their compliance position as industrial operators are allowed to use sCERs towards compliance with their emissions cap within the European system up to 13.4%. Our central results show that the spread is mainly driven by EUA prices and market microstructure variables and less importantly, as we would expect, by emissions-related fundamental drivers. This might be justified by the fact that the EU ETS remains the greatest source of CER demand to date. - Research Highlights: {yields} This paper provides a thorough analysis of Phase II drivers for EUAs and CERs. {yields} The empirical results show that the EUA-sCER spread shares some of the drivers for EUAs and CERs. {yields} Most importantly, the EUA-sCER spread is found to be explained by microstructure variables. {yields} Therefore, the paper suggests that the EUA-sCER spread is mainly used for arbitrage purposes.

  4. EUA and sCER phase II price drivers: Unveiling the reasons for the existence of the EUA-sCER spread

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mansanet-Bataller, Maria; Chevallier, Julien; Herve-Mignucci, Morgan; Alberola, Emilie

    2011-01-01

    This article studies the price relationships between EU emissions allowances (EUAs) - valid under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) - and secondary Certified Emissions Reductions (sCERs)-established from primary CERs generated through the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Given the price differences between EUAs and sCERs, financial and industrial operators may benefit from arbitrage strategies by buying sCERs and selling EUAs (i.e. selling the EUA-sCER spread) to cover their compliance position as industrial operators are allowed to use sCERs towards compliance with their emissions cap within the European system up to 13.4%. Our central results show that the spread is mainly driven by EUA prices and market microstructure variables and less importantly, as we would expect, by emissions-related fundamental drivers. This might be justified by the fact that the EU ETS remains the greatest source of CER demand to date. - Research Highlights: → This paper provides a thorough analysis of Phase II drivers for EUAs and CERs. → The empirical results show that the EUA-sCER spread shares some of the drivers for EUAs and CERs. → Most importantly, the EUA-sCER spread is found to be explained by microstructure variables. → Therefore, the paper suggests that the EUA-sCER spread is mainly used for arbitrage purposes.

  5. A construção médico-legal da violência sexual infantil nos EUA: Teorias, práticas e estratégias de controle

    OpenAIRE

    Herbert Rodrigues

    2017-01-01

    O artigo apresenta aspectos do debate sobre a violência sexual infantil nos EUA nas últimas três décadas. A análise centra-se na construção médico-legal da questão da pedofilia. O objetivo principal consiste em apresentar a consolidação do debate atual por meio de uma análise da literatura médica, do ordenamento jurídico, dos sistemas de avaliação dos delinquentes sexuais e das plataformas digitais que divulgam a identidade dos agressores sexuais infantis. A discussão desse material é importa...

  6. A CRISE ESTRUTURAL DOS JORNAIS Uma exploração comparativa sobre a situação nos EUA e no Brasil

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    Carlos Alves Müller

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Os jornais dos principais países desenvolvidos vivem uma crise frequentemente atribuída ao desenvolvimento das mídias digitais. Essa situação parece não se reproduzir nas maiores economias emergentes. O presente trabalho sustenta que, embora o surgimento e avanço dessas mídias tenham efetivamente afetado negativamente o desempenho das empresas jornalísticas, a crise em questão é estrutural e suas origens antecedem o surgimento das mídias digitais. A hipótese de que a situação dos países emergentes seja estruturalmente diversa é testada e, acredita-se, refutada por meio de uma analise comparativa da evolução recente do negócio jornal nos EUA e no Brasil.

  7. Ensino de Administração nos EUA e no Brasil: uma Análise Histórica

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    Aline Lourenço Oliveira

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Os cursos de administração aumentaram em número e são procurados por muitos estudantes. Essa expansão quantitativa trouxe em seu bojo muitas críticas, entre elas, a falta de correspondência entre a expansão e a qualidade do ensino. No entanto, entende-se que muitos dos problemas enfrentados pelo ensino de administração, atualmente, são decorrentes da forma como os cursos foram constituídos. Por isso, o objetivo deste ensaio teórico é compreender as particularidades do atual cenário educacional da área de Administração no país, por meio do resgate histórico da ascensão e da crise do ensino de administração nos EUA e no Brasil. Como resultado, evidencia-se problemas comuns aos dois países tais como a mercantilização da educação. As particularidades nacionais evidenciam fragilidades no ensino que comprometem a formação do administrador e denotam uma falta de perspectiva deste campo de formação profissional.

  8. Educação continuada em catalogação descritiva: um olhar emergente

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    Fabiano Ferreira de Castro

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo.Verificar a importância da Educação Continuada na Catalogação Descritiva, seus benefícios para o bibliotecário e sua influência na qualidade do Tratamento Descritivo da Informação (TDI. Método.Caracteriza-se por ser descritiva e exploratória, a fim de buscar conhecimento teórico e empírico acerca do tema, utilizando-se da aplicação de questionário e o levantamento documental, para identificar e caracterizar o perfil do bibliotecário sergipano e suas necessidades de educação continuada. Resultados.Evidenciou que os bibliotecários e os órgãos de classe não reconhecem de forma efetiva a necessidade da Educação Continuada na Catalogação Descritiva, o que nos levou a definir que se faz necessária a união das organizações, dos órgãos de classe e das instituições de ensino, na criação de medidas que visem à promoção e à participação nesse processo. Conclusões.Recomenda-se a proposta de criação e de desenvolvimento de um curso lato sensu que sustente e promova ações efetivas para a educação continuada dos bibliotecários no estado de Sergipe.

  9. Educação médica continuada online: potencial e desafios no cenário brasileiro

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    Maria Teresa Meirelles Leite

    Full Text Available Com a intensa produção e veiculação de informações científicas, tornou-se difícil para o profissional médico manter-se atualizado com os recursos habituais. A necessidade de conhecer e de participar de processos de formação continuada se impõe. Entre outras iniciativas, a Associação Médica Brasileira e o Conselho Federal de Medicina lançaram o Programa Nacional de Educação Continuada a Distância para médicos, buscando divulgar o conhecimento produzido nos grandes centros para profissionais de áreas mais remotas ou com reduzida disponibilidade de tempo. Tendo como pressu posto que a Sociedade do Conhecimento requer a formação inicial e continuada de profissionais e de cidadãos com um novo conjunto de competências para atuar com eficiência e responsabilidade, esses programas devem ser desenvolvidos com base em abordagens pedagógicas que efetivamente valorizem, além dos conteúdos de ensino, a disposição para a pesquisa, a autonomia na busca da informação, o espírito colaborativo e a postura ética, entre outras. No intuito de contribuir para essa reflexão, este texto tem por objetivos retomar o processo de formalização da educação médica continuada a distância no Brasil em termos didático-pedagógicos e analisar perspectivas dessas ações educativas.

  10. Amando de olhos abertos: Emma Goldman e o dissenso político nos EUA Loving with open eyes: Emma Goldman and the political dissent in the Unites States

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    Cecilia Azevedo

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta a trajetória de Emma Goldman, grande nome do anarquismo, pacifismo e feminismo nos EUA, procurando apresentá- la como uma representante da chamada tradição de dissenso neste país que, ao longo de toda sua história, tem disputado os sentidos a serem atribuídos aos ideais nacionais. Em meio à atual guerra no Iraque, a memória e o legado de Emma Goldman vêm sendo recuperados no embate político em torno do sentido do americanismo.This article presents the life of Emma Goldman, who played a central role in the history of anarchism, pacifism and feminism in the United States. In the present days, when a new war is taking place in Iraq, the memory and legacy of Emma Goldman are being reassessed amidst the debate over the political meaning of Americanism.

  11. Educação continuada: um olhar para além do espelho, iluminando mente, corpo, coração e espírito do docente da educação superior

    OpenAIRE

    Franciscone, Fabiane

    2006-01-01

    Esta pesquisa caracterizou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa numa perspectiva compreensiva-interpretativa. Seu objetivo foi propor um novo olhar para a Educação Continuada em sua trajetória de “fazer-se homem”. Buscou investigar quais as contribuições que a Educação Continuada tem propiciado à construção da Inteireza dos docentes selecionados nos Programas de Mestrado em Educação de duas Universidades do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O referencial teórico básico fundamental, ancorado em Wilber ...

  12. Educação continuada em unidade de terapia intensiva: revisão da literatura

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    Laurindo Pereira de Souza

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A educação continuada é um processo dinâmico de ensino-aprendizagem, ativo e permanente destinado a atualizar e melhorar a capacitação de pessoas. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou fazer uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da importância da educação continuada em unidade de terapia intensiva-UTI, revelar o ano dos artigos publicados, autores e os Estados em que foram publicados. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantiqualitativo, descritivo realizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica publicada nos bancos de dados: LILACS (Literatura Latino Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library On-line e BDENF(Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, tendo por descritores Decs: “educação continuada”, “unidade de terapia intensiva”, “enfermagem”, “educação permanente”. Estabeleceu como critérios de inclusão os artigos publicados nacionalmente, nos período compreendido entre 2000 a 2011, com uma amostra de 21 artigos. Resultados: Desse modo, a análise dos dados possibilitou identificar muita semelhança entre os estudos; o ano que obteve maior publicação foi 2006 com (19,04%, sendo a maioria dos pesquisadores (46.66% com doutorado em enfermagem. Revelou também que o maior número de artigos publicados sobre o tema proposto, foi o estado de São Paulo, com 52,38% dos 21 artigos analisados, o que se justifica pelo fato de São Paulo ser uma região de referência na área acadêmica e de Saúde. Além disso, foi possível constatar que a unidade de terapia intensiva é um cenário para o qual toda a equipe multiprofissional deverá estar capacitada e qualificada a fim de exercer e executar suas funções com mais segurança. Considerações Finais: Acredita-se que o estudo fornecerá subsídio para a melhoria e a reflexão frente à tamanha importância da educação continuada voltada para a unidade de terapia intensiva.

  13. The Multi-Frequency Correlation Between Eua and sCER Futures Prices: Evidence from the Emd Approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Yue-Jun; Huang, Yi-Song

    2015-05-01

    Currently European Union Allowances (EUA) and secondary Certified Emission Reduction (sCER) have become two dominant carbon trading assets for investors and their linkage attracts much attention from academia and practitioners in recent years. Under this circumstance, we use the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach to decompose the two carbon futures contract prices and discuss their correlation from the multi-frequency perspective. The empirical results indicate that, first, the EUA and sCER futures price movements can be divided into those triggered by the long-term, medium-term and short-term market impacts. Second, the price movements in the EUA and sCER futures markets are primarily caused by the long-term impact, while the short-term impact can only explain a small fraction. Finally, the long-term (short-term) effect on EUA prices is statistically uncorrelated with the short-term (long-term) effect of sCER prices, and there is a medium or strong lead-and-lag correlation between the EUA and sCER price components with the same time scales. These results may provide some important insights of price forecast and arbitraging activities for carbon futures market investors, analysts and regulators.

  14. Airline deregulation in the United States of America = Desregulamentação aérea nos Estados Unidos

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    Brito Neto, José Felix de

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma análise detalhada sobre a regulamentação e desregulamentação da indústria aeroviária nos Estados Unidos da América. Dado o rápido crescimento tanto em tamanho quanto em influência das companhias aéreas nos EUA, o governo federal estabeleceu leis e regulamentações para posicionar a indústria no que se acreditava ser a direção correta. A ausência de um profundo entendimento das particularidades da indústria aeroviária resultou em uma crescente insatisfação entre as companhias aéreas. A desregulamentação veio como uma solução para muitos problemas, mas também tem sido considerada como uma maldição tanto para companhias aéreas como para passageiros. Através de uma revisão da literatura, esse artigo discute as reais consequências da desregulamentação aérea nos EUA e como isso tem influenciado a maneira como as pessoas voam na America

  15. Reflexões acerca da educação continuada em catalogação descritiva: um estudo em bibliotecas universitárias

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    Fabiano Ferreira de Castro

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v20n42p109 A atividade de catalogação nas bibliotecas sempre evoluiu conforme as tecnologias utilizadas em cada época. Nas bibliotecas universitárias, o uso dos catálogos online permite melhor qualidade e celeridade na organização das informações. Para o bibliotecário responsável por essa atividade é fundamental acompanhar essas atualizações de forma a garantir a padronização no processo da descrição bibliográfica e de seus pontos de acesso. Verifica-se, no cenário atual, que o mercado de trabalho vem exigindo profissionais atualizados, impulsionando ao desenvolvimento da Educação Continuada. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa busca estudar a Educação Continuada em Catalogação Descritiva desenvolvida em Sergipe, no período de dez anos na esfera das bibliotecas universitárias públicas e privadas, com os objetivos de verificar a importância da Educação Continuada na Catalogação Descritiva, seus benefícios para o bibliotecário e sua influência na qualidade do Tratamento Descritivo da Informação (TDI. A metodologia caracteriza-se por ser descritiva e exploratória, a fim de buscar conhecimento teórico e empírico acerca do tema, utilizando-se da aplicação de questionário e o levantamento documental, para identificar e caracterizar o perfil do bibliotecário sergipano e suas necessidades de educação continuada. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que os bibliotecários e os órgãos de classe não reconhecem de forma efetiva a necessidade da Educação Continuada na Catalogação Descritiva, o que nos levou a definir que se faz necessária a união das organizações, dos órgãos de classe e das instituições de ensino, na criação de medidas que visem à promoção e à participação nesse processo. Assim, recomenda-se a proposta de criação e de desenvolvimento de um curso lato sensu que sustente e promova ações efetivas para a educação continuada dos bibliotec

  16. A guerra como instrumento do poder presidencial nos EUA: o caso da intervenção na Líbia

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    Cláudio Júnior Damin

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Analisa-se a decisão da participação dos EUA na intervenção militar na Líbia em 2011. O objetivo central é posicionar a decisão de Barack Obama de utilizar as forças armadas como um exercício dos poderes de guerra do presidente enquanto comandante-em-chefe e como executor de deliberações de órgãos multilaterais internacionais.   We analyze the decision of U.S. participation in military intervention in Libya (2011. The main objective is to position Barack Obama's decision to use the military as an exercise of war powers of the president as commander in chief and as a doer of the deliberations of international multilateral agencies.

  17. Formação continuada de professores e reunião pedagógica: construindo um estado de conhecimento

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    Marília Costa Morosini

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available A formação continuada dos professores acontece ao longo da vida profissional e também pode acontecer dentro do espaço escolar. Tenho como objetivos compreender a escola como espaço de formação continuada e suas implicações. Este estudo faz parte da pesquisa de Mestrado em Educação e, para tal, foram pesquisadas produções científicas nos bancos de dados da ANPED e CAPES, no período de 2006 a 2010. Foram observadas produções que se aproximavam em relação à abordagem, nas seguintes categorias: formação continuada de professores, políticas educacionais e reuniões pedagógicas. Foi possível perceber que a formação continuada de professores dentro do próprio espaço escolar está vinculada à reunião pedagógica e ao papel exercido pelo coordenador pedagógico, através de uma relação mediadora e coletiva, atrelada a desafios, reflexões, observações, avaliações e construção de novas práticas. Com isso, percebe-se que é possível articular formação e reunião pedagógica como dinamizadores do processo ensino-aprendizagem.Abstract The ongoing training of teachers occurs throughout life and can also occur within the school environment. I have as objective to understand school as a continuing education and its implications. This study is part of the research Masters in Education and, for the purpose were researched in the scientific production of ANPED databases and CAPES, for the period 2006 to 2010. Productions were seen approaching on the approach, in the following categories: continuing education for teachers, educational policies and educational meetings. It could be observed that the continuing education of teachers within the school environment is linked to meeting the educational and pedagogical role played by the coordinator, by way of mediation and collective, linked to challenges, reflections, observations, assessments and construction of new practices. With it, you realize that it is possible to

  18. A educação continuada dos alunos egressos: compromisso da universidade?

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    Vânia Marli Schubert Backes

    2002-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivamos, com esta reflexão teórica, tecer algumas considerações acerca da importância da Universidade, enquanto instituição formadora, no sentido de fomentar um processo educativo que remeta os indivíduos à consciência do inacabamento, segundo referencial de Paulo Freire, e, por conseguinte, ao relevante papel da educação/formação continuada, durante e após a formação acadêmica. Para isso, torna-se imprescindível resgatar e apontar como metas a integração ensino, pesquisa e extensão, bem como a construção de uma cultura institucional comprometida com a educação continuada e a formação de parcerias e núcleos de apoio ao aluno egresso, como forma de concretizar o compromisso da universidade com a educação continuada dos alunos egressos.

  19. A construção médico-legal da violência sexual infantil nos EUA: Teorias, práticas e estratégias de controle

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    Herbert Rodrigues

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo apresenta aspectos do debate sobre a violência sexual infantil nos EUA nas últimas três décadas. A análise centra-se na construção médico-legal da questão da pedofilia. O objetivo principal consiste em apresentar a consolidação do debate atual por meio de uma análise da literatura médica, do ordenamento jurídico, dos sistemas de avaliação dos delinquentes sexuais e das plataformas digitais que divulgam a identidade dos agressores sexuais infantis. A discussão desse material é importante para compreender os desdobramentos e os significados históricos e sociais da disputa pelo conceito de pedofilia. The article The Medical-Legal Construction of Child Sexual Violence in the United States of America: Theories, Practices and Strategies of Control presents aspects of the debate on child sexual violence in the USA over the last three decades. The analysis focuses on the medical-legal construction of the issue of pedophilia. The main objective is to present the current debate through an analysis of the medical literature, legal ordering, the systems that assess of sex offenders, and the digital platforms that publicize information about sex offenders. The  discussion of this material is important for understanding the historical and social ramifications and the meanings of the disputed concept of pedophilia.Keywords: child, pedophilia, legal system, psychiatry, social control

  20. Formação Continuada do Professor de Educação Física e a Construção de Práticas Pedagógicas Multiculturalmente Orientadas

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    Joe Gomes

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2008n31p192 O presente trabalho faz uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa sobre as dissertações e teses que abordam a articulação dos campos formação continuada dos professores de Educação Física e multiculturalismo na construção de práticas pedagógicas. Inicialmente faço uma investigação sobre a articulação dos campos, formação continuada dos professores de Educação Física e multiculturalismo, procurando no banco de dissertações e teses, obtidos no site da ANPED, no período de 1999-2008, nos estudos sobre formação continuada e inicial de professores de Educação Física publicados em periódicos das áreas de Educação e Educação Física, trabalhos sobre construção de práticas pedagógicas associadas às questões de discriminação étnica, de raça, gênero e padrão e deficiência corporal, verificando lacunas para futuras pesquisas. O intuito é a partir dessas lacunas analisar as possibilidades de elaboração de práticas pedagógicas que atentem às questões de discriminação cultural, apontando possíveis articulações entre a formação continuada e a construção de práticas pedagógicas à luz da teoria multicultural crítica.

  1. Does the EUA Institutional Evaluation Programme Contribute to Quality Improvement?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tavares, Diana Amado; Rosa, Maria Joao; Amaral, Alberto

    2010-01-01

    Purpose: This paper aims to reflect on the relevance of the Institutional Evaluation Programme (IEP) of the European University Association (EUA) to universities' quality improvement. It aims to analyse IEP follow-up reports to determine whether the programme contributes to the development of a quality improvement culture.…

  2. The EUA Institutional Evaluation Programme: An Account of Institutional Best Practices

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosa, Maria Joao; Cardoso, Sonia; Dias, Diana; Amaral, Alberto

    2011-01-01

    When evaluating the EUA Institutional Evaluation Programme (IEP), Nilsson "et al." emphasised the interest in creating a data bank on good practices derived from its reports that would contribute to disseminating examples of effective quality management practices and to supporting mutual learning among universities. In IEP, evaluated…

  3. Análise comparativa da competividade do Brasil e EUA no mercado internacional da carne bovina

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    Matheus Dhein Dill

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil e os EUA estão entre os principais produtores mundiais de carne bovina. Entretanto, distorções no mercado alimentar decorrentes da presença de barreiras comerciais podem comprometer a competitividade desses países. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a competitividade da carne bovina brasileira e norte-americana, no mercado internacional, entre 1990 e 2008. Para isso, foi utilizado o Índice de Competitividade Revelada (CR para inferir sobre os efeitos que subsídios, acordos comercias e barreiras sanitárias exercem sobre a competitividade da carne bovina dos respectivos países. Os resultados indicaram que o Brasil obteve vantagens competitivas no período de 1991 a 2008, enquanto que os EUA apresentaram vantagens entre 1993 e 2003. Os acordos comerciais elevaram a competitividade dos países envolvidos, contudo ocorreram diminuições dos índices quando problemas sanitários foram identificados. Em suma, os EUA, mesmo com os altos subsídios fornecidos aos produtores rurais, apresentou desempenho inferior em comparação ao Brasil no mercado mundial da carne bovina.

  4. Remesas y Ahorro de los Migrantes Michoacanos radicados en EUA. Un Diagnóstico Preliminar

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    Jerjes Aguirre Ochoa

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un diagnostico del potencial productivo del ahorro migrante para el caso del estado de Michoacán. Los datos obtenidos muestran un perfil de Michoacano radicado en EUA con ingresos suficientes para enviar remesas familiares a México pero limitados para realizar inversiones mayores a 200 dólares mensuales en Michoacán. Dentro de esa limitación, de contar con capital, los michoacanos manifestaron una preferencia por invertir en México y específicamente en su comunidad de origen. La preferencia de inversión mas citada es la compra de una vivienda o reparación de la misma. Asimismo, la corrupción y la inseguridad son señaladas como obstáculos para la inversión en México. Finalmente, el alto porcentaje de migrantes indocumentados encontrados en la encuesta refleja los profundos impactos que una reforma migratoria en EUA puede tener en la dinámica económica del estado. La migración a EUA puede dejar de convertirse en la válvula de escape para la población michoacana que no encuentre oportunidades laborales en Michoacán sumiendo a la entidad en graves problemas económicos y sociales.

  5. A formação continuada sob a ótica de professores participantes de reuniões de projetos interdisciplinares

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Marcelo Oliveira da

    2012-01-01

    A presente dissertação de Mestrado busca entender as reuniões de projetos interdisciplinares como possibilidade de promover a formação continuada de professores. Nesse sentido, buscou-se fazer a análise de aspectos referentes à formação continuada de professores, nas suas modalidades formal e não-formal, e à interdisciplinaridade como alternativa à fragmentação do conhecimento. De modo complementar, discute-se os conceitos de projetos interdisciplinares e de cursos superiores de tecnologia – ...

  6. Formação Continuada e suas implicações: entre a lei e o trabalho docente

    OpenAIRE

    Magalhães, Lígia Karam Corrêa de; Azevedo, Leny Cristina Soares Souza

    2015-01-01

    Este artigo discute questões relativas à formação de professores, com ênfase na formação continuada, a partir da análise das Metas 15 e 16 do Plano Nacional de Educação - PNE 2014-2024, anexo à Lei 13005/14, evidenciando a influência da LDB 9.394/96, das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação de Professores da Educação Básica, em nível superior, curso de licenciatura, de graduação plena e da Rede Nacional de Formação Continuada de Professores. Nossa análise está ancorada no pressup...

  7. Programa Pró-Letramento : interface entre formação continuada, prática docente e ensino da leitura

    OpenAIRE

    Lúcia da Silva Cabral, Maria

    2009-01-01

    Essa pesquisa visa analisar os impactos da Formação Continuada na prática docente dos professores das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no eixo do ensino da leitura, no Programa Pró-Letramento Alfabetização e Linguagem. Para realizar, então, esta investigação qualitativa, observamos os processos de Formação Continuada dos orientadores de estudos e também dos professores no programa mencionado. Realizamos também observação da prática de duas professoras em turmas iniciais ...

  8. Formação Continuada para Professores de Inglês

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria da Conceição Aparecida Pereira Zolnier

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar experiências de aprendizagem, reflexão e transformações vivenciadas por uma participante no Projeto de Educação Continuada para Professores de Língua Inglesa (PECPLI. A coleta de dados, que teve a duração de um semestre, foi realizada por meio de gravações em vídeo, entrevistas e anotações de campo, em contexto de observação participante. Os resultados evidenciam que experiências recorrentes de interação acolhedora, aprendizagem significativa, reflexão sobre a prática e disposição para mudanças levam a transformações na identidade profissional (maior prazer e segurança para lecionar, nas crenças sobre o ensino de gramática e nas práticas de sala de aula, que se tornam mais abertas à habilidade de produção oral. Como contribuição para a área de Linguística Aplicada, o estudo traz implicações para os projetos de educação continuada de professores de línguas, ampliando a compreensão desse contexto no qual os professores se inserem para aprenderem e melhorarem o ensino em suas escolas.

  9. Formação continuada para professores de língua portuguesa: interação na base de uma proposta cooperativa?

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    Anderson Carnin

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo dedica-se à discussão da formação continuada de professores em uma perspectiva cooperativa. Para tanto, efetua a análise de um dos pilares do projeto de pesquisa “Por uma formação continuada cooperativa para o desenvolvimento do processo educativo de leitura e produção textual escrita no ensino fundamental”: a noção de interação e sua relação com o conceito de cooperação na formação continuada de professores. Problematiza-se a noção de cooperação no escopo desse projeto e produzem-se reflexões que permitem entender como a interação entre universidade e escola pode produzir novos espaços de interlocução e produção de conhecimento sobre a formação e o trabalho do professor e sua relação com a pesquisa acadêmica. A experiência discutida permite refletir sobre a (resignificação de propostas de formação continuada docente na área de ensino de língua portuguesa a partir do modelo proposto.

  10. CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA A PRÁTICA EDUCATIVA NO PROJOVEM URBANO DE JUAZEIRO-BAHIA

    OpenAIRE

    Sílvia Raquel Santos de Morais; UNIVASF; Marcelo Silva de Souza Ribeiro; UNIVASF

    2015-01-01

    A formação continuada de educadores do Programa Projovem Urbano (PJU) é uma prerrogativa do Ministério da Educação em parceria com a Secretaria Nacional da Juventude em favor do aprimoramento profissional de educadores que nele atuam. Este artigo consiste no relato de experiência do processo de formação continuada de educadores do PJU de Juazeiro-BA segundo a visão dos mesmos. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a perspectiva dialógica de Paulo Freire com metodologia qualitativa de caráter pa...

  11. Segurança privada e infraestrutura crítica: desafios para a governança da segurança doméstica dos EUA pós 11 de setembro

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    Cleber da Silva Lopes

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available A governança da segurança dos EUA, após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, tem sido marcada pela participação do setor de segurança privada. Externamente, os EUA têm feito uso de empresas militares privadas para dar apoio ou proteger seus recursos materiais e humanos em zonas de conflito. Internamente, as ameaças de ataques contra a infraestrutura dos EUA alçaram o setor de segurança privada à condição de parceiro chave na promoção da segurança nacional. Uma literatura crescente tem se debruçado sobre o uso de empresas militares privadas em conflitos internacionais, mas o papel da segurança privada na promoção da segurança doméstica dos EUA tem sido largamente negligenciado. O objetivo desse trabalho é discutir alguns dos desafios e implicações que a segurança privada coloca para a governança da segurança nacional dos EUA no período pós-11 de setembro.

  12. Motivación del personal sanitario en la formación continuada sobre tratamiento quimioterápico

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    José Ramón García Fernández

    Full Text Available Introducción: El tratamiento quimioterápico es una parte fundamental en la actividad de un centro hospitalario. Sin embargo en los hospitales comarcales el desarrollo de esta actividad es especialmente complejo. La formación continuada postgraduada juega un papel central en la optimización del proceso, y la motivación para participar en ella es asimismo fundamental. Material y métodos: Describimos el proceso de realización de un curso de formación continuada en un hospital general básico, así como la motivación del personal para que participe activamente en la formación continuada, con varias técnicas: información exhaustiva previa, implicación directa como docente, beneficios curriculares y económicos, etc. Previo al curso se plantearon 4 objetivos: 1º asistencia de todo el personal de enfermería directamente implicado, 2º aumento de conocimientos generales, 3º adquisición de habilidades especiales y 4º centrar el curso en la asistencia integral al enfermo oncológico. Los objetivos se evaluaron mediante: 1.-lista de asistencia, 2 y 3-cuestionario anónimo previo y al finalizar el curso y 4.-valoración subjetiva. Resultados: Asistieron al curso de forma regular un total de 53 personas sobre una plantilla "diana" de 456, fundamentalmente diplomados universitarios de enfermería (DUE. Los objetivos propuestos se cumplieron respectivamente en un: 75%, 50%, 75% y 100%. Conclusiones: El personal sanitario más motivado en la formación continuada en oncología básica es: diplomados en enfermería, médicos internos residentes y curiosamente técnicos especialistas de laboratorio. El contacto habitual con la preparación y administración de tratamientos citostáticos fue la principal motivación para asistir al curso. Las diversas técnicas de motivación empleadas solo fueron eficaces en el personal predispuesto "a priori" a la realización del curso.

  13. V Jornadas de actualización en terapia ocupacional: Formación continuada en terapia ocupacional

    OpenAIRE

    Asensio, Carmen; García Lemos, C.; Viedma, María José de; Pérez Corrales, Jorge; Sánchez Cabeza, Ángel; Pascual Agudo, Elisa; Santos, Francisco de los

    2014-01-01

    V Jornadas de actualización en terapia ocupacional: Formación continuada en terapia ocupacional, celebradas en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos campus de Alcorcón en 2014. Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física

  14. Identidades e(m representações sobre um curso sobre uso de novas tecnologias na educação continuada de professores de língua inglesa

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    Raquel Gamero

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Com base na compreensão da educação continuada de professores de línguas como um espaço propício para a (reconstrução contínua de saberes relacionados ao trabalho docente e para (ressignificação de suas representações sociais, neste trabalho temos por objetivos analisar representações dos professores envolvidos em um curso de formação continuada sobre o uso de novas tecnologias no ensino de inglês na Educação Básica e investigar indícios de (reconstituição identitária presentes em textos escritos (relatos de experiência. Neste trabalho são analisados os elementos contextuais mais emergentes, o levantamento do conteúdo temático (BULEA, 2010 e alguns elementos linguísticos que se sobressaem nos dados (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 1980; BRONCKART, 2009. Os resultados indicam as dificuldades dos professores em relação ao uso de ferramentas tecnológicas bem como as percepções desses participantes em relação à proposta de formação continuada e do impacto dessa formação em seu desenvolvimento profissional. Palavras-chave: Identidades. Representações. Educação de professores.   Abstract Continuing teacher education can be seen as a favorable space for teachers to (reconstruct teaching-related knowledge and to (resignify their social representations. Drawing from that, in this article, we aim to analyze teachers’ representations of new technologies during their engagement in a continuing education course for the teaching of English for basic education and to investigate traces of their identity (reconstitution present in written texts (experience reports. Hence, in this paper, we analyze the contextual elements, the themes (BULEA, 2010 and some linguistic elements emerging from the data (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 1980; BRONCKART, 2009.  The results point at teachers’ difficulties to deal with technological tools as well as their perceptions upon the continuing education proposal and its impact in their

  15. Oficinas pedagógicas de ciências: os movimentos pedagógicos predominantes na formação continuada de professores Pedagogical Sciences workshops: influential pedagogical movements in teachers' training

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    Lucia Helena Pralon de Souza

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas os professores têm convivido com o discurso constante da necessidade de atualização permanente. Muitos estudos e pesquisas acadêmicas confirmam essa real necessidade. Nos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros não faltam oportunidades para cursos, mini-cursos e oficinas oferecidos pelos inúmeros espaços que atuam na formação continuada de professores. Neste trabalho apresenta-se parte de estudo sobre as Oficinas Pedagógicas de Ciências oferecidas para a formação continuada de professores no Rio de Janeiro nos últimos dez anos, recurso que tem desempenhado significativo papel na progressão profissional dos professores. Utilizando referenciais teóricos da Filosofia, da linguagem e da formação do professor de Ciências foram analisados títulos e ementas de 175 oficinas, textos que representam categoria particular de diálogo entre as instituições (pesquisa, os professores (escola e a sociedade. O objetivo foi identificar as vozes que se fazem presentes e revelam os movimentos pedagógicos mais influentes no período em questão.Teachers have been living with an insistent discourse about their continuing development over the last decades. A great number of studies and researches reinforce this as a real necessity. In the great Brazilian urban centers teachers have many development opportunities in brief or long courses and workshops, offered by the training teacher establishments. In this work we present part of a study on Pedagogical Science Workshops offered in Rio de Janeiro, to teachers in training for the last ten years, considering this an important role in teachers’ professional development. Based on the philosophy of language and references to science teachers theoretical development we have analyzed the titles and descriptions of 175 science workshops, believing that these texts represent a particular dialogue category among institution (researches, teachers (school and society. Thus we wish to

  16. Multifractal features of EUA and CER futures markets by using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis based on empirical model decomposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cao, Guangxi; Xu, Wei

    2016-01-01

    Basing on daily price data of carbon emission rights in futures markets of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) and European Union Allowances (EUA), we analyze the multiscale characteristics of the markets by using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) based on EMD. The complexity of the daily returns of CER and EUA futures markets changes with multiple time scales and multilayered features. The two markets also exhibit clear multifractal characteristics and long-range correlation. We employ shuffle and surrogate approaches to analyze the origins of multifractality. The long-range correlations and fat-tail distributions significantly contribute to multifractality. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of high returns on multifractality by using threshold method. The multifractality of the two futures markets is related to the presence of high values of returns in the price series.

  17. O processo de educação continuada na visão de enfermeiros de um hospital universitário

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    Ana Lúcia Queiroz Bezerra

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a opinião dos enfermeiros sobre a educação continuada da equipe de enfermagem em um hospital universitário. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, desenvolvida em um hospital universitário com a participação de cinquenta enfermeiros. A coleta deu-se por meio de um instrumento autoaplicável e os dados foram apresentados percentualmente. Os resultados evidenciaram que: os enfermeiros acreditam na educação continuada e a maioria desenvolve essa atividade anualmente; as estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem predominantes são exposição dialogada e problematização de casos; os programas englobam habilidades técnicas e comportamentais e a avaliação é feita por meio de auditoria. Foram sugeridas melhorias na estrutura física, recursos didáticos, planejamento e motivação para maior adesão da equipe. Uma cultura de compartilhamento entre a equipe de enfermagem e instituição seria significativa para o avanço do processo de educação continuada na prática de qualquer modelo assistencial e aquisição de competências profissional e pessoal.

  18. Formação continuada de professores da educação profissional - Continuing education teacher education professional

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    Ana Sara Castaman

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O artigo relata uma experiência de formação pedagógica realizada em 2012 com docentes da educação profissional de uma instituição federal. Os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio de relatos dos participantes durante o curso e enfocam a importância da formação continuada para docentes que não tiveram formação pedagógica em seus cursos superiores, bem como a contribuição para o processo ensino e aprendizagem. Conclui-se que a formação continuada contribuiu para reflexões colaborativas entre os docentes e no seu fazer cotidiano. Palavras-chave: formação continuada de professores, processo ensino e aprendizagem, educação profissional. CONTINUING EDUCATION TEACHER EDUCATION PROFESSIONAL Abstract The paper reports an experience of teacher training held in 2012 with teachers of vocational education in a federal institution. The empirical data in this article were collected through accounts of the participants during the course and focus on the importance of continuing education for teachers who have not had training in teaching their courses and higher contribution to the teaching and learning process. Concludes-if that the continued formation contributed to reflections collaborative among faculty and on your to do quotidian. Key-words: continuing education for teachers, process teaching and learning, professional education.

  19. Para pensar sobre a formação continuada de professores é imprescindível uma teoria crítica de formação humana

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    Clarissa Martins de Araújo

    Full Text Available A formação continuada de professores na década de 1990 passou a ser considerada uma das estratégias fundamentais para o processo de construção de um novo perfil profissional do professor. Neste contexto, a concepção crítico-reflexiva foi defendida como a orientação mais adequada para a renovação dos sistemas de formação continuada de professores no Brasil. No entanto, ao longo de duas décadas, diferentes estudos indicam que esta orientação teórico-metodológica operou mudanças pouco significativas nas práticas formativas. A partir de uma revisão sobre a tendência denominada de Epistemologia da Prática, este ensaio propõe um deslocamento da formação continuada de professores do campo das políticas públicas para o campo da formação humana. Nesta direção, procuramos apontar qual a contribuição da teoria crítica da formação humana para os processos de formação continuada de professores na contemporaneidade.

  20. Entrevista continuada na clínica de linguagem infantil

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    Ana Paula Ramos de Souza

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: analisar as demandas mais comuns nas entrevistas continuadas entre Fonoaudióloga e os pais de duas meninas com retardo de aquisição da linguagem. MÉTODO: foram gravadas as entrevistas com os pais e filmadas as interações mãe-filhas. Posteriormente, esses dados foram transcritos e analisados. RESULTADOS: as demandas foram de orientação dos aspectos instrumentais, escuta de aspectos estruturais e da dinâmica familiar. CONCLUSÕES: verificou-se a importância dessas entrevistas e o quanto questões da dinâmica do casal interferiam no desenvolvimento das filhas. Houve evolução na terapêutica e nas interações a partir das entrevistas e encaminhamento dos pais à terapia de casal.

  1. A distribuição das transferências, público-alvo e cobertura do Benefício de Prestação Continuada = The Distribution of transfers, target-group and coverage of the Continuous Cash Benefit

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    Medeiros, Marcelo

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo propõe uma nova definição operacional de deficiência e uma metodologia de cálculo para estimar as distribuições de pessoas idosas e deficientes incapazes para o trabalho e vida independente, dos benefícios e dos níveis de cobertura do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC, segundo diferentes estratos de renda da população brasileira. São usados dados do Censo 2000, da Pnad 2006 e de registros administrativos do MDS. A estimativa indica que a população de idosos e deficientes incapazes distribui-se uniformemente nos estratos de renda, mas os benefícios são distribuídos predominantemente nos grupos de renda mais baixa da população, com a cobertura maior entre os mais pobres. Os resultados sugerem que a cobertura da população-alvo ainda é insuficiente e que o programa apresenta erros de focalização, mas estes são, em sua maioria, de baixa intensidade

  2. Custo de transação e mensuração na escolha da estrutura de governança entre supermercados e produtores agrícolas convencionais e orgânicos no Brasil e nos EUA

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    Christiano França da Cunha

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Pressupõe-se que o ambiente institucional tem um papel relevante em determinar a governança, já que este pode implicar diferentes custos de transação para os agentes econômicos. Tendo como base a Nova Economia Institucional (NEI, o objetivo deste artigo foi entender como os custos de transação podem influenciar um dos principais elementos de escolha da estrutura de governança, a complexidade das relações contratuais, e como esta influência pode variar nos distintos ambientes institucionais. Para isso, estudou-se a relação contratual entre supermercados e fornecedores de produtos (frutas, verduras e legumes - FLV orgânicos e convencionais em dois diferentes ambientes institucionais (Brasil e EUA. Testaram-se as hipóteses propostas neste artigo por meio de 128 entrevistas, as quais foram analisadas por meio dos modelos de equações estruturais, sendo que um mesmo modelo teórico foi estimado para dois grupos (os dois países para comparação de seus coeficientes. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a influência dos custos de transação na complexidade da relação contratual, afetando assim a escolha entre as estruturas de governança, foi diferente a depender do ambiente institucional considerado. Conclui-se ao final deste trabalho que há evidências empíricas, demonstradas pelos resultados dos modelos de equações estruturais aqui utilizados, de que o ambiente institucional pode alterar as influências sobre a complexidade das relações contratuais e assim na escolha da estrutura de governança a ser utilizada.

  3. Cenários da diversidade: variedades de capitalismo e política industrial nos EUA, Alemanha, Espanha, Coreia, Argentina, México e Brasil (1998-2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Godinho Delgado

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Dans cet article, on examine comment apparaissent aux EUA, en Allemagne, Espagne, Corée, Argentine, au Mexique et Brésil les différents domaines institutionnels analysés par la littérature concernant les variétés de capitalisme (gouvernance entrepreneuriale, rapport entre les entreprises, relations industrielles, relations entreprises-employés, processus de qualification, en y incorporant des aspects comme les rapports Etat patronat ainsi que les modèles d'insertion des économies nationales dans le marché mondial, de façon à reconnaitre les différents cadres institutionnels dans lesquels opèrent les entreprises de ces pays. Ensuite, on présente les principales caractéristiques des politiques industrielles menées par les pays mentionnés, compte-tenu de leur bien-fondé vis-à-vis de ces éléments et du contexte brésilien, de façon à définir les politiques et les changements institutionnels ayant le plus de chance de succès au Brésil quant à l'augmentation de la capacité d'innovation technologique de ses entreprises.

  4. A crise ucraniana e as Estratégias Nacionais de Defesa dos EUA e da Europa: a volta do hard power?

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    João Fábio Bertonha

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo discute a recente crise na Ucrânia e as implicações em termos estratégicos do choque entre a OTAN, a União Europeia e a Rússia. Mais especificadamente, o texto procura compreender o uso do hard power por parte da Federação russa e como isso pode levar a uma reavaliação da postura idealista da União Europeia no tocante a suas relações internacionais e de sua Estratégia de Defesa. Do mesmo modo, o texto questiona a possibilidade e/ou necessidade de alterações na Estratégia de Defesa nos EUA frente à crise no leste europeu. This article discusses the recent crisis in Ukraine and the strategic implications of the clash between NATO, the European Union and Russia. More specifically, the text seeks to understand the use of the hard power by the Russian Federation during the crisis and how this use can lead to a reassessment of European idealistic approach of international relations and military matters. At the same time, the article discusses the possibility and/or necessity of changes in American military strategies to deal with future problems in Eastern Europe.

  5. Registro e tecnovigilância de implantes dentários: panorama atual nos EUA, na União Europeia, no Brasil e sugestões de aprimoramento desses sistemas | Registry and surveillance of dental implants: current panorama in the USA, European Union, Brazil and suggestions for improved systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Ribeiro do Espírito Santo Jacomo

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar e analisar os requisitos necessários para registro e as ações de tecnovigilância para implantes dentários nos EUA, na União Europeia e no Brasil. Após análise da literatura e das principais normas em vigor, observou-se a preocupação com o controle de riscos e a prevenção de falhas no uso dos implantes dentários. Nos EUA, o sistema de registro e tecnovigilância é centralizado e se verificam problemas de subnotificação e falhas na análise dos relatórios de notificação, bem como um intervalo de tempo longo entre a identificação dos problemas e a ação devido à extensão do processo administrativo. Na União Europeia, os poucos estudos identificados sugerem que o sistema regulatório oferece riscos aos pacientes devido à ausência de transparência entre os Órgãos Notificadores e à dificuldade em se articular a tecnovigilância entre os países. No Brasil, a tecnovigilância é centralizada, porém ainda é incipiente. O envelhecimento da população promove forte demanda por reabilitação oral dos pacientes, sobretudo os carentes, prevista no programa Brasil Sorridente. A demanda pelo serviço oferece uma oportunidade de expansão do mercado, mas detecta-se risco de entrada de produtos de baixa qualidade. Neste contexto, o aprimoramento das atividades de tecnovigilância de implantes dentários é necessário. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This study compared and analyzed, after reviewing the literature and the main legal regulations, the requirements for registration and the post-marketing surveillance activities of dental implants in the USA, the European Union and in Brazil. The legal regulations studied showed a concern for risk control and for prevention of failures in the use of dental implants. In the US, the system is centralized, which produces underreporting problems and flaws in the analysis of

  6. Casa Familiar Rural de Coronel Vivida - PR: desafios da formação continuada em Pedagogia da Alternância

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    Andreia Aparecida Detogni

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta resultados da pesquisa que objetivou compreender e analisar a formação continuada dos professores e monitores relacionada à pedagogia da alternância e como ela tem contribuído para a prática profissional. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa três professores cedidos pela Secretaria do Estado de Educação (SEED e três monitores de nível superior, subsidiados pela ARCAFAR/SUL (Associação Regional das Casas Familiares Rurais do Sul do Brasil. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. O processo de análise partiu das questões evidenciadas pelos professores e monitores, buscando conhecer: quais cursos de formação continuada sobre a pedagogia da alternância que eles têm participado? Como isso tem influenciado em sua prática? Como compreendem a pedagogia da alternância? A pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentou as reflexões sobre formação de professores e a pedagogia da alternância, com o aporte teórico de autores como Borges (2012, Caldart (2013, Ribeiro (2013 e Manacorda (2007. Com este trabalho concluímos que professores e monitores não tiveram em sua formação superior momentos que contemplassem a pedagogia da alternância, que a formação continuada oferecida para ambos os grupos é insuficiente, insatisfatória ou mesmo inexistente.

  7. FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES: A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS PARA A JUVENTUDE EM FOCO

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    Marcel Thiago Damasceno Ribeiro

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem o objetivo descrever e analisar o percurso de organização e execução do curso de Pós-graduação Lato sensu em Educação de Jovens e Adultos para a Juventude na modalidade a distância. A sua oferta ocorreu no período de agosto de 2014 a maio de 2016, pelo Departamento de Química do Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT, nos polos da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB de Colíder, Juara, Nova Xavantina e Pontes e Lacerda. O desenvolvimento dos trabalhos proporcionou formação continuada para sessenta e seis professores que atuam na EJA, em vinte e dois municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso. Entendemos que a formação contribuiu para que os educadores, que atuam nessa modalidade de ensino, compreendam a conceituação da palavra juventude e sua situação sociológica na contextualização da escolarização e do mundo do trabalho. Sobretudo, contribuiu para umareflexão sobre suas práticas como intervenções nas escolas de sua comunidade com possibilidade de alterá-las de modo qualitativo.

  8. A formação do professor para o trabalho com a literatura: uma proposta de formação continuada

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    Ginete Cavalcante Nunes

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetiva apresentar algumas considerações a respeito da importância da formação do professor para o trabalho com a literatura. As discussões levantadas na pesquisa evidenciam a importância do trabalho do professor de literatura como um agente de promoção da leitura literária. Salientamos também a importância de o professor ser reflexivo sobre sua própria prática para poder melhorá-la. Como aporte teórico para o trabalho, foram escolhidos os trabalhos de Cereja (2005, Cosson (2006 e 2014, Todorov (2009, que tratam especificamente sobre a literatura e Freire (1996, Gomez (1995, Franco (2003 e Perrenoud (2005 que tratam da formação continuada bem como a formação do professor reflexivo. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar também algumas considerações a respeito de como têm sido realizadas as aulas de literatura no curso de letras e qual a visão que os formados do oitavo (8º período têm sobre a literatura. Pensando nisso, alguns questionamentos que norteiam a pesquisa são feitos: As aulas de literatura que vêm sendo ministradas durante todo o curso de letras têm preparado os graduandos para se apropriarem da linguagem literária que possibilita a estes uma formação consistente, preparando-os para o trabalho com a literatura nas turmas do Ensino Fundamental e Médio? Na perspectiva de investigar sobre a formação do professor de literatura escolhemos diagnosticar o ensino de literatura no Curso de Letras da Faculdade de Formação de Professores de Araripina (FAFOPA e seus reflexos na formação dos estudantes do referido curso. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no segundo semestre do ano letivo de 2015 em uma turma do oitavo (8º período do Curso de Letras. O diagnóstico ocorre por meio da análise do questionário aplicado aos alunos do oitavo (8º período do curso de letras. Além das reflexões, apresentamos também uma proposta de formação continuada para o professor de literatura, tendo como certo que

  9. Análise comparativa da competividade do Brasil e EUA no mercado internacional da carne bovina

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    Matheus Dhein Dill; Vitor Francisco Dalla Corte; Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos; Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi; Tamara Esteves de Oliveira

    2013-01-01

    O Brasil e os EUA estão entre os principais produtores mundiais de carne bovina. Entretanto, distorções no mercado alimentar decorrentes da presença de barreiras comerciais podem comprometer a competitividade desses países. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a competitividade da carne bovina brasileira e norte-americana, no mercado internacional, entre 1990 e 2008. Para isso, foi utilizado o Índice de Competitividade Revelada (CR) para inferir sobre os efeitos que subsídios, acordos come...

  10. Discursos de professores em formação continuada acerca da relação entre a manipulação genética e a possibilidade de melhoramento em humanos

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    Eduarda Maria Schneider

    Full Text Available Resumo: Novos conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos da biologia molecular estão cada vez mais presentes na sociedade, tornando-se necessária a educação científica dos cidadãos. Este artigo analisa os discursos de professores sobre a manipulação genética e o melhoramento humano no contexto de um curso de formação continuada sobre o movimento eugênico ocorrido nos séculos 19 e 20. Os dados, coletados por meio de videogravação, foram transcritos e analisados pela metodologia de Análise de Discurso. Os resultados apontam para uma mudança gradual nos posicionamentos dos professores. No início, os sujeitos apresentam uma visão mais determinista ao aludirem que, por meio da genética, é possível aperfeiçoar a espécie humana. Todavia, ao longo das discussões, observa-se a construção de uma percepção mais contextualizada da ciência e da tecnologia, permeada de influências ideológicas da sociedade e questionamentos acerca das consequências da manipulação genética e da divulgação de padrões humanos idealizados.

  11. A diversidade lingüística da internet como reação contra-hegemônica das tendências de centralização do império

    OpenAIRE

    Guesser, Adalto

    2007-01-01

    A Internet nasceu nos EUA como variação de um projeto militar muito específico. No início, quase a totalidade da comunicação em rede era em língua inglesa, pois a maioria das pessoas envolvidas nos projetos provinha dos EUA, ou de comunidades científicas nas quais o inglês era língua franca. Com o aumento da utilização da Internet em diferentes países, a hegemonia do inglês passou a ser revista. Em 1998, o inglês já havia sofrido queda de 15% do seu total, devido principalmente à proliferação...

  12. A formação continuada em serviço social: uma experiência em construção

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    Maia, Marilene

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho relata e problematiza o tema formação continuada, a partir da participação e do diálogo entre profissionais, saberes e práticas construídas na cotidianidade do exercício profissional. Nessa perspectiva, está em construção o Fórum Permanente de Formação de Assistentes Sociais,1 experiência inédita na Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – Unisinos. Esse espaço e processo de formação constituiu-se a partir da necessidade e interesse dos alunos egressos do curso de Serviço Social em continuar a qualificação, teórica e metodológica, dos processos de trabalho no campo profissional. O texto tematiza os pressupostos desta experiência, cujo foco privilegiado de conhecimento e ação são as práticas profissionais, terreno da formação continuada, na construção de novos conhecimentos e de novas práticas reflexivas, inovadoras e autônomas

  13. Formação continuada de professores: reflexões sobre a participação no Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa

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    Arlene de Paula Lopes Amaral

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Este relato aborda o Programa do Governo Federal, Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC, que visa alfabetizar todas as crianças até os oito anos de idade, final do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, objetivando melhorar os índices de educação do país. Considera-se o modelo de Educação Continuada proposto ao ressaltar os desafios da Formação Continuada, bem como variáveis relacionadas às peculiaridades de cada região quanto a sua implementação e execução, no que diz respeito às condições materiais e pedagógicas.

  14. Um estudo de caso histórico sobre o experimento de Foucault no Brasil, elaborado por uma professora do ensino médio na formação continuada a distância

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    Edmundo Rodrigues Junior

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2016v33n1p162 Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa na formação continuada de professores de física do Ensino Médio, no qual buscou avaliar uma proposta com abordagem de história da ciência por meio de um minicurso à distância. Elaborado no modelo investigativo, o curso de formação continuada em história da ciência no ensino de física teve como principal estratégia de ensino o estudo de caso histórico. Apresentamos aqui, a análise do estudo de caso histórico elaborado por uma professora bem como a análise de trechos do vídeo em que ela apresenta a sequência didática que utilizará com seus alunos do ensino médio.  O estudo de caso histórico envolve a primeira experiência do pêndulo de Foucault realizada no Brasil e contribui para a valorização da cultura científica nacional. A análise textual discursiva (ATD aplicada ao estudo de caso histórico possibilitou a produção de três metatextos que podem ser usados para explicar aspectos controversos da natureza da ciência como, por exemplo, os debates provenientes entre as teorias geocêntrica e heliocêntrica. A ATD aplicada na sequência didática elaborada pela professora, possibilitou a construção de outro metatexto que pode ser usado para evitar a visão anacrônica da ciência e explicar o movimento do pêndulo de Foucault nos dois hemisférios.

  15. Podcasts: características nas produções de professores em formação continuada

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    Vera Lúcia Lopes Cristovão

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available A globalização proporcionou uma extensa variedade de ferramentas tecnológicas que podem ser parte do processo de ensino / aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira, entre elas, a mídia em foco neste trabalho, os podcasts. Pesquisas recentes têm celebrado essa mídia como um excelente recurso para professores com o objetivo supracitado (MEDEIROS, 2006; SOUZA; MARTINS,2007; UCHOA, 2010. Neste trabalho, que faz parte de um projeto maior intitulado “O uso de podcasts na educação continuada de professores de línguainglesa”, apresentamos a análise dos podcasts produzidos por professores em formação continuada durante um curso projetado para dar suporte aos professores com algumas ferramentas tecnológicas digitais emergentes. Em primeiro lugar, apresentamos nosso referencial teórico-metodológico, baseado principalmente no Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD. Em seguida, trazemos a discussão dos resultados, que aponta que o ensino com base em gêneros textuais proposto pelo ISD alcançou seu objetivo, o de preparar os professores para que possam utilizar a ferramenta podcast com propriedade e destreza. Os resultados também apontam que alguns dos professores ainda precisam melhorar suas habilidades de produção oral para trabalhar com mídias e gêneros textuais orais. Além disso, chegamos à conclusão de que o uso de tecnologias emergentes ainda precisa vencer algumas barreiras.

  16. Continued Progression, Work and Teaching as a Profession Progressão Continuada, Trabalho e Profissão Docente.

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    Ivanise Monfredini

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available In Brazil, the expansion of basic school is recent. It occurs from mid-twentieth century, and it was intensified in the last three decades. The "neoliberal" educational policies implemented during the years of 1990, had reaffirmed, as their intention, teachers' ideals and efforts, and, among them, "a quality school for all", using the concept of "inclusive school". Considering the sixty years period of expansion of elementary school's attendance, we carried a socio-historical research, analyzing critically the consequences of the continued progression, a program that was implemented during the `neo-liberal´ reform of Brazilian state. We verified the development of the figure of the desisting teacher in actuation, a process mediated by the school culture and by the adoption of the continued progression system without any changes in the precarious working conditions. We begin by presenting the culture of the research site, the first gymnasium founded in the São Paulo city, using the School Plan, which synthesizes different temporalities related to the formation of the current "Second Cycle" and of the teachers that act at this level of education. The analysis, also supported by interviews with sixteen teachers, has showed the consequences and teaching profession. No Brasil a expansão da escola básica é recente. Ocorre a partir de meados do século XX, intensificando-se nas últimas três décadas. As políticas educacionais ?neoliberais?, implementadas nos anos de 1990, tiveram a pretensão de realizar ideais históricos dos professores; dentre eles, o de ?escola de qualidade para todos?, por meio do conceito de ?escola inclusiva?. Considerando o período de 60 anos de ampliação no atendimento no ensino fundamental, realizamos uma pesquisa sócio-histórica, analisando criticamente as conseqüências da progressão continuada, programa implementado no âmbito da reforma ?neoliberal? do Estado brasileiro. Constatamos a formação do

  17. O orçamento de defesa dos EUA: racionalidade X pressões domésticas

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    Juliano da Silva Cortinhas

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Ao longo das últimas décadas, gastos substanciais com defesa têm sido mantidos pelos EUA. Essas despesas simbolizam uma reação do país a condições sistêmicas, mas também se relacionam com os interesses de agentes domésticos que trabalham para sua manutenção. Neste artigo, pretende-se examinar como funcionou a combinação dessas pressões no período que marcou o fim da Guerra-Fria, por meio da comparação entre os orçamentos de defesa da primeira gestão de Reagan (1981-1984 e da Administração Bush (1989-1992.

  18. Direito, opinião pública e racismo nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil: duas experiências de ações afirmativas

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    Monica Grin

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo busca tratar comparativamente duas experiências recentes de reserva de vagas em universidades públicas, nos EUA e no Brasil, que utilizaram o critério racial, e seus impactos na opinião pública. Trata-se, no primeiro caso, da pioneira introdução de cotas para negros na UERJ, em janeiro de 2003; e, no segundo, da decisão da Suprema Corte norte-americana envolvendo a graduação (college e a Escola de Direito (Law School da Universidade de Michigan, em junho de 2003. Como hipótese inicial, sugiro que as duas experiências de cotas raciais em universidades públicas, ainda que assemelhadas, ativam princípios sociológicos, éticos e jurídicos substantivamente diferenciados.

  19. Reações dos consumidores a falhas de serviços: um estudo no Brasil e EUA

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    Matos, Celso Augusto de; Garrido, Ivan Lapuente; D’Ávila, Lívia Castro; Calixto, Cyntia Vilasboas

    2012-01-01

    Apesar das pesquisas sobre falhas e recuperação de serviços, há poucos estudos investigando o efeito de diferenças culturais. Com base na revisão da literatura, foi proposto um modelo teórico, testado em dados de uma survey realizada junto a 260 consumidores do Brasil e EUA. Os resultados mostraram que a dimensão interpessoal da justiça percebida foi a mais importante para explicar a satisfação do consumidor, que por sua vez influenciou mais fortemente a intenção de reclamar junto a amigos...

  20. Tessitura da educação superior e formação continuada de professores: contribuições do PIBID

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    Ortenila Sopelsa

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de abordagem descritiva, com o objetivo de investigar as contribuições do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID na formação continuada de professores. A amostra se constituiu de cinco diretoras de escolas de Educação Básica conveniadas ao Programa; cinco coordenadores de área dos subprojetos de Pedagogia da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (Unoesc; cinco supervisores professores regentes e cinco acadêmicos bolsistas. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O estudo identificou que a articulação entre Ensino Superior, PIBID e a prática na sala de aula oportuniza compreender e aprender a profissão, nas relações entre teoria e prática, no planejamento e na execução das ações pedagógicas. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. Formação continuada. Educação Básica. PIBID.   Abstract: This article is part of a qualitative research with descriptive approach, and has the aim of investigating the contributions of the Institutional Program for Scholarship for Beginner Teachers (PIBID in the continued education of teachers. The sample was constituted of five headmasters of Basic Education schools affiliated to the Program; five coordinators of the Pedagogy subprojects area from Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (Unoesc; five supervisor professors and five fellows. The data collection was held through semi-structured interviews. The study identified that the articulation between Higher Education, PIBID and the classroom practice gives the opportunity to understand and learn the profession in the relations between theory and practice, and in the planning and execution of pedagogical actions. Keywords: Higher Education. Continued education. Basic Education. PIBID.   Resumen: El artículo es parte de investigación cualitativa, de abordaje descriptivo, con objetivo de investigar las contribuciones del Programa

  1. Formação continuada de professores e fracasso escolar: problematizando o argumento da incompetência Teacher continued education and school failure: problematizing the argument of incompetence

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    Denise Trento Rebello de Souza

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda o tema da formação docente, especialmente a formação continuada e sua relação com a baixa qualidade dos sistemas públicos de ensino; e apresenta análises de pesquisa sobre os principais programas educacionais implementados pelo governo do estado de São Paulo entre os anos 1982 e 1994. Além da análise documental, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa empírica que incluiu um estudo de caso de um dos projetos de formação continuada idealizados à época da implementação da Escola Padrão (1991-1994. As análises da literatura educacional e dos programas educacionais indicam que a formação continuada de professores foi encarada como elemento estratégico para forjar a competência do professor. O texto segue registrando a presença de um discurso que tem sustentado a crescente importância atribuída à formação continuada de professores, projetos e ações que visam à melhoria da qualidade dos sistemas de ensino. Trata-se do argumento da incompetência que é então descrito e problematizado. São apresentadas as várias versões que tal argumento assume, de acordo com o contexto no qual comparece, bem como as diferentes apropriações feitas pelos vários atores envolvidos nas políticas de formação continuada, desde os idealizadores dos programas até os professores participantes. Advoga-se que o argumento da incompetência tem fundamentado concepções e práticas reducionistas e homogeneizantes da formação continuada. Reitera-se a importância de se considerar, nas políticas de formação continuada, a heterogeneidade que caracteriza o corpo docente e as escolas e de se desenvolverem políticas educacionais mais abrangentes que visem melhorar de fato a qualidade dos serviços educacionais e não apenas a competência de seus professores.This article deals with the theme of teacher education, especially with continued education and its relation with the low quality of public school systems. It presents

  2. Progressão continuada: um estudo a partir dos conceitos de crescimento e experiência educativa em Dewey

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    Eliezer Pedroso da Rocha

    2006-01-01

    Este trabalho tem como objetivo aprofundar as discussões sobre a Progressão Continuada a partir dos conceitos de crescimento e experiência educativa em John Dewey. Para tanto, buscamos analisar a bibliografia existente, principalmente sobre a legislação que implantou tal regime no sistema público de ensino do Estado de São Paulo, estabelecendo relação com a leitura aprofundada de algumas das principais obras de Dewey, o principal referencial teórico deste estudo. A partir de Dewey, foi possív...

  3. Formação continuada de professores: buscando melhorar e facilitar o ensino para deficientes visuais por meio de tecnologias assistivas

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    Miriam Ines Marchi

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo é um recorte da dissertação de Mestrado intitulada: “Deficiente visual: ensinando e aprendendo química através das tecnologias assistivas no ensino médio” e compreende a formação continuada de professores abordando tecnologias assistivas para deficientes visuais. O curso ofertado aos professores de químicas e auxiliares, que trabalham com alunos deficientes visuais, teve como principal objetivo promover o desenvolvimento de novas práticas pedagógicas a partir das tecnologias assistivas. Utilizou-se a técnica de observação em duas escolas Estaduais de Boa Vista/RR para analisar as práticas e anseios dos professores e as necessidades dos alunos na sala de aula regular. A partir desta prática optou-se em promover o curso de Mecdaisy que é uma tecnologia brasileira que traz sintetizador de voz (narração e permite combinar texto, áudio e imagens para representar conteúdos. Constatou-se que a formação continuada possibilitou a reflexão e o crescimento tanto pessoal como profissional e a mudança nas práticas pedagógicas.

  4. ALIANÇA E RECOMPENSA: A POLÍTICA DE ALINHAMENTO DO GOVERNO DUTRA NOS PRIMÓRDIOS DA GUERRA FRIA NO BRASIL

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    Lilian Marta Grisolio Mendes*

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo propõe refletir sobre como a Guerra Fria se materializou no Brasil após o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Nos primeiros anos, especificamente durante o governo do General Dutra, as inflexões na política interna e externa do país expressaram a influência dos Estados Unidos e as diferentes percepções de como se posicionar frente ao novo mundo bipolarizado. No Brasil, o principal aspecto da Guerra Fria, o anticomunismo, se apresentou nas diversas esferas sociais e determinou o posicionamento do país como alinhado dos EUA. Em 1947, uma sucessão de eventos, como o rompimento diplomático com a URSS e a cassação do Partido Comunista culminou na consolidação de um tipo de discurso anticomunista e um alinhamento que não gerou os dividendos desejados, mas fez surgir uma nação que aprendeu o sentido do American way of life.

  5. Progressão continuada, supervisão escolar e avaliação externa: implicações para a qualidade do ensino

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    VITOR HENRIQUE PARO

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Derivado de estudio más amplio sobre la estructura de la escuela, este artículo discute resultados de investigación cualitativa, realizada en escuela pública fundamental, sobre cuestiones relacionadas a progresión continuada, supervisión escolar y evaluación externa. Considerando su relación con cualidad de la enseñanza y evaluación escolar, esos temas son tratados desde un concepto de educación como práctica democrática, criticando la práctica pedagógica tradicional. Los datos y análisis sugieren que, cuanto a la progresión continuada, se enfatice la efectividad de la enseñanza en lugar de la aprobación o reprobación de grado; con relación a la supervisión escolar, que se procure desarrollar sus potencialidades de evaluación, asesoría y apoyo a la práctica pedagógica escolar y, con respeto a la evaluación externa, que se ultrapasen sus estrechos límites actuales, promoviendo su articulación con la supervisión escolar, de modo a superar la simple realización masiva de pruebas y testes.

  6. Como professores em formação continuada mobilizam saberes sobre escrita e avaliação de texto

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    Maria Augusta G. de M. Reinaldo

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a relação teoria-prática na formação continuada do professor de língua materna. Enfoca-se a mobilização de saberes sobre escrita e avaliação de texto por três sujeitos, em uma atividade de prática de avaliação de texto, aplicada após a apresentação e discussão das teorias lingüísticas contemporâneas sobre o tema. Os resultados da análise mostram duas posições dos sujeitos, em termos de efeito do saber teórico recém-adquirido sobre a prática de avaliação de texto: um deles preferiu a situação de estabilidade, com uma avaliação centrada nos aspectos normativos da escrita; e dois apresentaram uma situação de transição, com inserção de critérios de avaliação de base textual.This paper aims at reflecting on the theoretical-practical relation in the ongoing formation of the teacher of first language. It focuses on the mobilization of knowledge about writing and evaluation of texts by three subjects, in a practicing activity of text evaluation, applied after the presentation and discussion of contemporary linguistic theories about the theme. The analyzed results show two positions of the subjects, concerning the effect of theoretical knowledge just-acquired about the practicing of text evaluation: one of them preferred the established situation, with an evaluation centered on the normative aspects of writing; and the other two showed a transitional situation, with the introduction of criteria of textual-base evaluation.

  7. Potenciais benefícios do sistema de rastreabilidade animal dos EUA para o setor de carnes americano

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    Moisés de Andrade Resende Filho

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo investigou os potenciais ganhos do setor de carnes americano advindos da implantação do Sistema Nacional de Identificação Animal (NAIS, dos EUA. Foram analisados os potenciais efeitos do NAIS sobre a percepção de risco dos consumidores americanos em relação aos perigos decorrentes do consumo das carnes bovina, suína e de aves e seus derivados. Sistemas de equações de demanda foram estimados, incorporando-se como "proxies" da percepção de risco do consumidor, séries de índices de segurança do alimento, separadamente construídas para cada tipo de carne. Tais séries foram concebidas, somando-se o número de referências nos principais jornais americanos a problemas de segurança da carne. Foi utilizado o melhor modelo estimado, escolhido com base em uma série de testes de especificação, para se construir três cenários, simulando-se os casos em que o NAIS não está implementado; que está implementado apenas para o gado bovino; e que está implementado para suínos e bovinos. Foram utilizadas as diferenças entre as receitas estimadas para cada cenário e para cada tipo de carne, como uma medida do potencial ganho advindo da implementação do NAIS. Foi concluído que os setores da carne bovina e suína poderiam arcar com os custos do NAIS. Esse resultado, contudo, depende de o quanto desses potenciais ganhos chegarão efetivamente aos produtores agrícolas.This article investigates the potential gains to the U.S. meat sector with the implantation of the U.S. National Animal Identification System (NAIS. The focus is on the effect that the NAIS could have on consumers' risk perception about eating meat. System of demand equations are estimated using time series of food safety indexes variables used as proxies for consumers' reactions to news on meat safety issues. The series of food safety indexes are built on the basis of the number of food safety news reported in top U.S. newspapers. Using the preferred model

  8. Formação continuada de professores inseridos em contextos educacionais inclusivos Continuing education of teachers inserted in inclusive educational contexts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilmar de Carvalho Cruz

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou: a compreender como professoras lidam com a proposta de inclusão escolar de alunos que apresentam necessidades especiais no contexto da Educação Física; b analisar o processo de implementação de um programa de formação continuada junto a essas professoras. Participaram vinte professoras da rede municipal de ensino de uma cidade paranaense. Foram realizadas entrevistas coletivas e observações de aulas ministradas pelas participantes. Os resultados encontrados indicam que: a a despeito de suas formações iniciais, as professoras elaboram alternativas de intervenção favoráveis à inclusão escolar; b professores devem assumir a condição de protagonistas em programas de formação continuada.This study focused on: a understanding how teachers deal with the proposal of school inclusion of students with special needs in the Physical Education context; b analyzing the implementation process of a continuing education program together with these teachers. Twenty teachers from the municipal teaching network of a city in the State of Paraná took part in this research. Group interviews and observations of classes taught by the participants were carried out. Results show that: a in spite of their initial education, the teachers work out intervention alternatives in favor of school inclusion; b teachers must accept the condition of protagonists in continuing education programs.

  9. O pensamento computacional e a formação continuada de professores: uma experiência com as TICs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Louise Alessandra Santos do Carmo Paz

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available As novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs fazem parte do cotidiano dos alunos, mas nem sempre dos professores. Para que haja uma mudança de paradigma no papel do professor, de produtor para mediador do conhecimento é necessário o desenvolvimento de novas competências para ensinar, destacando-se o pensamento computacional. Este artigo relata a experiência de um curso de introdução às novas TICs, que foi ofertado como formação continuada para professores, utilizando uma metodologia baseada no modelo andragônico, colocando-os como colaboradores e criadores do seu saber, corresponsáveis pelos os rumos do seu processo de ensino aprendizagem.

  10. Banho-maria ou mudança? Eleição presidencial e a formação da política comercial dos EUA

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    Mark S. Langevin

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Com a definição de Barack Obama como candidato oficial do partido democrata para as eleições presidenciais dos EUA as diferenças entre os partidos, e os próprios adversários na corrida pela casa branca, ficam cada vez mais em evidência. Qual será o papela que a Camâra e o Senado terão nessa disputa? Quais são as principais divergências no que tange às ideologias e propostas de ambos os cadidato?

  11. Educação continuada: hábito profissional e ingrediente essencial à cultura orientada à inovação em ambiente corporativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Mendes Silva Filho

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Ao longo de décadas e séculos passados, a busca pelo conhecimento tem propiciado a evolução da humanidade. O século atual é orientado para educação. Observa-se que o poder não será mais unicamente determinado pelos governos e instituições multinacionais. Cada vez mais, observa-se que a dependência futura recai, primariamente, no conhecimento e a capacidade de inovar, que são propulsores de crescimento econômico. O negócio das empresas brasileiras deve ter como foco inovação orientada ao desenvolvimento humano. Adicionalmente, sabe-se que, individualmente, o ser humano é aquilo que faz repetidamente, i.e, hábitos. Se, contudo, considerarmos coletivamente, os hábitos das pessoas caracterizam (em parte aquilo que se costuma denominar de cultura de uma comunidade, estado, país ou organização. Nesse sentido, sendo o conhecimento um fator determinante a um indivíduo e uma organização, prioritário é ter o hábito da educação continuada que constitui diferencial competitivo tanto para o profissional quanto para as organizações. Este artigo destaca a importância da educação continuada e sugere que essa prática, ou mais precisamente, hábito deveria ser parte integrante da cultura organizacional no ambiente corporativo.

  12. The Roles and Functions of Occupational Health Nurses in Brazil and in the United States Los papeles y funciones del enfermero de salud laboral en Brasil y en los Estados Unidos de America Atribuições e funções dos enfermeiros do trabalho no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos

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    Maria Helena Palucci Marziale

    2010-04-01

    responsabilidades e funções das enfermeiras do trabalho no Brasil e compará-las às atribuições das enfermeiras de saúde ocupacional nos Estados Unidos. A amostra foi composta por 154 enfermeiras do trabalho. Inicialmente, foi realizada a tradução para a língua portuguesa do instrumento de coleta de dados Job Analysis Survey of Occupational Health Nursing Practice, seguido da coleta e análise dos resultados, comparando-os aos dados obtidos num estudo realizado nos EUA. Foi constatado que a maioria das enfermeiras eram mulheres, brancas, com faixa etária entre 41 e 50 anos e trabalhavam em hospitais e centros médicos como enfermeiras clínicas ou administradoras. Além disso, observou-se que as enfermeiras brasileiras despendem maior tempo em funções administrativas, atividades de consultoria e ações educativas, enquanto que as enfermeiras norte-americanas gastam um tempo significativamente maior desenvolvendo papéis educativos e de consultoria.

  13. O Mercosul e a Alca: os interesses (irreconciliáveis da União Européia e dos EUA Mercosur and FTAA: the conflicting interests of the European Union and the United States

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    Messias de Sá Pinto

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Os interesses dos EUA na América Latina e a criação da Alca são fatores determinantes para explicar o propósito da União Européia de estabelecer um Acordo de Associação com o Mercosul. Enquanto que à UE interessa o alargamento do Mercosul, os EUA preferem, por meio da criação da Alça, induzir a sua dissolução e retirar vantagens da integração assimétrica. O nosso objetivo é demonstrar que, face aos cenários possíveis de evolução dos entendimentos regionais na América Latina, o mais plausível (co-existência do Mercosul, do Acordo de Associação UE/Mercosul, e da Alca é também aquele que permite reconciliar os interesses da UE e dos EUA na região.The interests of the United States in Latin America and the creation of the FTAA are two determinant factors in explaining the European Union intention to establish an Association Agreement with Mercosur. While the European Union is interested in the Mercosur enlargement, the US prefer, through the creation of the FTAA, to induce its dissolution and obtain advantages from asymmetric integration. Our purpose is to demonstrate that, given the possible scenarios of evolution in regional agreements in Latin America, the most plausible (co-existence of Mercosur, EU/Mercosur Association Agreement and FTAA is also the one that allows for a reconciliation of EU and US interests in the region.

  14. Análise dos modelos de avaliação de requerentes ao beneficio de prestação continuada: 2006 a 2012

    OpenAIRE

    Bim, Miriam Cláudia Spada; Carvalho, Manoela de; Murofuse, Neide Tiemi

    2015-01-01

    Este estudo apresenta uma análise dos resultados do processo de avaliação da pessoa com deficiência (PcD), requerentes do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), baseado na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) a partir da caracterização dos requerentes deste beneficio quanto às incapacidades diagnosticadas. Entre os 1404 requerimentos de BPC, arquivados na Agência da Previdência Social (APS) de Assis Chateubriand, Paraná, foram analisadas as doenças e ou ...

  15. Estrategias para la indagación continuada de trabajos académicos utilizando herramientas de Google. El caso de una investigación sobre infografías en la educación

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    Gonzalo Abio

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo de la literacidad académica requiere el dominio de competencias informacionales y digitales, de forma que se consigan realizar los objetivos pretendidos en una investigación y poder participar de forma eficaz en las diversas prácticas sociales relacionadas. En este trabajo describimos el proceso realizado en una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre infografías en la educación en la cual nos valemos de recursos como el Google académico y el sistema de alertas del propio Google, para elaborar una base de datos que está en continuo crecimiento. Con base en la información reunida sobre el tema en cuestión, encontramos que, en comparación con los trienios anteriores analizados, en el trienio de 2014-2016 hubo un incremento significativo del número de trabajos que relacionan, desde diversas perspectivas, las infografías con la educación. Estimamos que las estrategias de indagación académica continuada que han sido empleadas en esta investigación pueden ser también útiles en los diversos ámbitos (personal, escolar, profesional o académico de la vida de los estudiantes. Al final del texto se presenta una lista con algunas recomendaciones útiles para orientar la realización de este tipo de búsqueda bibliográfica.

  16. Regulamentação da internet: perspectiva comparada entre Brasil, Chile, Espanha, EUA e França

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    Rosemary Segurado

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available A governança global ocupa lugar privilegiado na agenda de debates sobre o funcionamento da rede mundial de computadores, e o Brasil assumiu um papel de destaque nesse processo, principalmente após a aprovação do Marco Civil da Internet (lei n.12.965, de 23 de abril de 2014, que contém princípios, garantias, direitos e deveres para internautas e provedores no país. O estudo comparado foi desenvolvido a partir da seleção de categorias consideradas fundamentais para a análise: a neutralidade de rede, o direito à privacidade dos cidadãos internautas e a discussão sobre direitos autorais sob a lógica da propriedade intelectual. Foram esses os aspectos centrais que utilizamos para a análise das regulamentações em cinco países, Brasil, Chile, Espanha, EUA e França.

  17. Língua portuguesa na escola: (refazendo um percurso de formação

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    Maria Izabel de Bortoli Hentz

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available A partir de meados da década de 1980, a tese de que o texto se constitui em unidade de ensino para a aprendizagem de língua é tema recorrente em estudos e em eventos acadêmico-científicos da área, em documentos oficiais, na formação inicial e continuada de professores. Neste artigo, pretende-se analisar alguns efeitos de cursos de formação continuada na prática docente, com base no planejamento elaborado por uma professora, em três momentos distintos de trabalho com o texto em sala de aula. O objeto de análise são três atividades representativas da prática pedagógica dessa professora: uma, realizada em contexto anterior à participação em processos de formação continuada e, duas, realizadas em contextos de formação continuada. A análise evidencia significativa mudança no trabalho com a produção de textos na aula de Língua Portuguesa nos três momentos analisados. O que os diferencia é o conceito de texto que a professora assume e a forma de abordá-lo nas atividades de escrita. O estudo indica que a formação continuada pode contribuir para a construção de outra realidade para o ensino e a aprendizagem de língua na escola.

  18. Comparación y predicción de las cuotas mundiales de publicación de los EUA, EU-27 y China usando la nueva interfaz Web of science versus Scopus

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Leydesdorff, L.

    2012-01-01

    La nueva interfaz de la Web of science (de Thomson Reuters) permite ahora recuperar conjuntos de más de 100.000 documentos en una sola búsqueda. Esto hace posible comparar las tendencias de publicación de los EUA, UE-27 y China -y evidentemente también de los países más pequeños-, cosa que ya se

  19. MGE-derived nNOS+ interneurons promote fear acquisition in nNOS-/- mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Lin; Yuan, Hong-Jin; Cao, Bo; Kong, Cheng-Cheng; Yuan, Fang; Li, Jun; Ni, Huan-Yu; Wu, Hai-Yin; Chang, Lei; Liu, Yan; Luo, Chun-Xia

    2017-12-02

    Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) 1 , mainly responsible for NO release in central nervous system (CNS) 2 , plays a significant role in multiple physiological functions. However, the function of nNOS + interneurons in fear learning has not been much explored. Here we focused on the medial ganglionic eminences (MGE) 3 -derived nNOS + interneurons in fear learning. To determine the origin of nNOS + interneurons, we cultured neurons in vitro from MGE, cortex, lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) 4 , caudal ganglionic eminences (CGE) 5 and preoptic area (POA) 6 . The results showed that MGE contained the most abundant precursors of nNOS + interneurons. Moreover, donor cells from E12.5 embryos demonstrated the highest positive rate of nNOS + interneurons compared with other embryonic periods (E11.5, E12, E13, E13.5 and E14). Additionally, these cells from E12.5 embryos showed long axonal and abundant dendritic arbors after 10 days culture, indicating the capability to disperse and integrate in host neural circuits after transplantation. To investigate the role of MGE-derived nNOS + interneurons in fear learning, donor MGE cells were transplanted into dentate gyrus (DG) 7 of nNOS knock-out (nNOS -/- ) or wild-type mice. Results showed that the transplantation of MGE cells promoted the acquisition of nNOS -/- but not the wild-type mice, suggesting the importance of nNOS + neurons in fear acquisition. Moreover, we transplanted MGE cells from nNOS -/- mice or wild-type mice into DG of the nNOS -/- mice and found that only MGE cells from wild-type mice but not the nNOS -/- mice rescued the deficit in acquisition of the nNOS -/- mice, further confirming the positive role of nNOS + neurons in fear learning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Morfologia e Crescimento dos 6 aos 10 anos de idade em Viana do Castelo, Portugal

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    Luis Paulo Rodrigues

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Ao longo de quatro anos, o Estudo Morfofuncional da Criança Vianense observou 1911 crianças entre os 6e os 10 anos de idade, resultando em 4064 observações individuais(2054 de raparigas, 2006 de rapazes.Os resultados encontrados nos indicadores morfológicos simples(altura, peso, pregas adiposas, diâmetros ósseos e perímetros muscularese no somatótipo, são descritos normativamente (valores percentílicose comparados com outros estudos nacionais e internacionais. As crianças vianenses demonstraram possuir uma estatura média ligeiramente superior às reportadas nos estudos portugueses e um ritmo de crescimento diferente das norte-americanas; peso semelhante ao das congéneres nacionais mas inferior ao das EUA; valores de pregas adiposas geralmente inferiores aos encontrados em Portugal e EUA; perímetros musculares e diâmetros ósseos semelhantes aos seus pares portugueses; e uma tendência para o aumento, com a idade, do ectomorfismo nos rapazes e do endomorfismo em ambos os sexos. Este panorama parece indicar que as crianças vianenses apresentam características de aptidão morfologia que estão longe de espelhar as preocupações internacionais nesta matéria.

  1. Crenças de autoeficácia do professor coordenador pedagógico: relevância para formação continuada

    OpenAIRE

    VIEIRA, Andréia Maria de Souza

    2016-01-01

    Esta dissertação estrutura-se em três estudos que consistem na investigação e análise das crenças de autoeficácia percebida do Professor Coordenador Pedagógico em sua atuação na formação continuada de professores na escola. O primeiro estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o Professor Coordenador Pedagógico no período de 2000 a 2014, a partir da coleta de trabalhos empíricos em base de dados. As publicações compreenderam três temáticas que envolvem o Professor Coordenad...

  2. Percepção da educação permanente, continuada e em serviço para enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino La percepción de la educación permanente, continuada y en servicio para el enfermero del hospital de enseñanza The perception of permanent, continuous, in service education for nurses in a school hospital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amarílis Schiavon Paschoal

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a concepção de educação permanente, continuada e em serviço junto a enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino. É uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual a coleta dos dados foi realizada pela técnica do grupo focal, durante seis sessões gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Participaram deste estudo nove enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino. Para analisar os dados, utilizou-se a técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo, que consiste na organização e tabulação de dados qualitativos de natureza verbal obtidos por meio de depoimentos, da qual resultou um único discurso. A pesquisa demonstrou que os enfermeiros diferenciaram os termos educação permanente, continuada e em serviço, construindo conceitos próprios, ressaltando a importância da diferenciação para definir o tipo de ação a ser tomada diante da necessidade educativa apresentada.Este estudio tiene como objetivo la discusión de la concepción de los términos de la educación permanente, continuada y en servicio con enfermeros del hospital de enseñanza. Es una investigación de naturaleza cualitativa, en que fueron recogidos los datos a través de la técnica del grupo focal, durante seis sesiones grabadas en audio y video. Participaron de este estudio nueve enfermeros de un hospital de enseñanza. Para analizar los datos fue utilizada la técnica del discurso del sujeto colectivo, que consiste en la organización y tabulación de datos cualitativos de naturaleza verbal obtenidos por medio de deposiciones, que resultó de un único discurso. La investigación demostró que los enfermeros diferenciaron los términos educación permanente, continuada y en servicio, construyendo conceptos propios, resaltando la importancia de la diferenciación para definir el tipo de acción a ser tomada delante de la necesidad educativa representada.This study is aimed at discussing the conception of permanent, continuous, in service education among nurses

  3. A formação continuada na perspectiva da gestão e da prática na sala de aula - The continuing education in view of management and practice in the classroom

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Severino Roberto de Lima

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho apresenta resultados referentes à gestão do processo de Formação Continuada e a prática em sala de aula dos professores de matemática no ensino médio estadual em Palmas-TO, política de valorização profissional. Como metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa estruturada a partir de estudos bibliográficos e pesquisa de campo. O objetivo foi verificar se essas políticas residem como possibilidades para o fortalecimento da gestão escolar e, se têm correspondido aos anseios e expectativas desses profissionais em educação. Embora saibamos que a formação continuada é um processo contínuo, percebem-se, como possibilidades dessa formação, novas habilidades, planejamento participativo, envolvimento nas ações pedagógicas, participação na gestão e prática reflexiva em sala de aula. Palavras-chave: gestão educacional, formação continuada, matemática. THE CONTINUING EDUCATION IN VIEW OF MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE IN THE CLASSROOM Abstract This paper presents results regarding the management of the Continuing Education and practical classroom math teachers in high school state Palmas-TO policy professional development. The methodology used was qualitative research from structured bibliographic studies and field research. The goal was to determine whether these policies reside as possibilities for strengthening school management and have been matched to the desires and expectations of professionals in education. Although we know that continuing education is an ongoing process, perceive themselves as possibilities of training, new skills, participatory planning, involvement in pedagogical actions, participation in management and reflective practice in the classroom. Key-words: education management, continuing education, mathematics.

  4. Educating Teachers of Mathematics: some important challenges and promising directions Formação de Professores de Matemática: desafios e direções

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    Edward Silver

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Despite considerable variation in the processes and practices of initial preparation of teachers of mathematics and the extent and nature of support available for their continuing education and development, many fundamental challenges are shared across geographic boundaries. In this paper I draw on work that my colleagues and I are doing in the U.S to identify and discuss two foci of our work that may help others address problems and issues that appear to be endemic in mathematics teacher education around the world. The first is a focus on instructional practice as the lever for professional education of mathematics teachers; the second is a focus on the work of those who educate teachers of mathematics and on developing opportunities for them to improve their own practice. Keywords: Mathematics Education, Mathematics Teaching, Teacher Education, Teacher Professional DevelopmentApesar de consideráveis variações nos processos e práticas de preparação inicial de professores de matemática e na extensão e natureza do apoio que é dado à capacitação e à formação continuada dos mesmos, vários desafios fundamentais são comuns a muitos países. No presente artigo, apresento o trabalho que eu e meus colegas estamos desenvolvendo nos EUA para identificar e discutir dois focos de nossa pesquisa que podem auxiliar outros interessados a abordar problemas e questões de formação de professores de matemática que se manifestam em todo o mundo. O primeiro foco é o emprego da prática pedagógica como alavanca para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores de matemática; o segundo é o trabalho daqueles que formam professores de matemática e a criação de oportunidades para que eles aperfeiçoem sua própria prática. Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática, Ensino de Matemática, Formação de Professores, Desenvolvimento Profissional.

  5. A aprendizagem baseada em problemas na promoção da educação continuada com a equipe de enfermagem = The problem-based learning promoting the continuing education with the nursing team

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mileni Francisca Gomes Souza

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available A educação para capacitar de maneira crítica e reflexiva a equipe de enfermagem no seu processo de trabalho motivou este estudo. O objetivo foi analisar a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a viabilidade da utilização da aprendizagem baseada em problemas no contexto da educação continuada. Utilizou-se uma oficina sobre educação continuada com uma equipe de enfermagem, percorrendo a proposta metodológica do ‘Arco de Marguerez’, em que a realidade/problema foi a realização de uma técnica de curativo na unidade de saúde. Os dados foram obtidos com o auxílio de um roteiro semiestruturado, aplicado após a oficina, pelo método de grupo focal, em que os participantes com o auxílio do pesquisador expuseram suas percepções sobre a estratégia proposta. Os conteúdos dos diálogos foram gravados e posteriormente transcritos para análise de conteúdo. Os resultados sugerem repensar as estratégias na educação continuada para enfermagem, de maneira a proporcionar que cada profissional seja capaz de identificar os desafios na sua realidade a serem superados e contribuir para a mudança no âmbito pessoal e social. Infere-se a necessidade da constante atualização dos profissionais de enfermagem o que pode ser alcançado pela educação continuada com a equipe, em que a aprendizagem baseada em problemas mostrou-se satisfatória.The education to enable critically and reflectively the nursing team during work process motivated this study. The objective was to analyze the perception of nursing professionals on the feasibility of using problem-based learning in the context of continuing education. We used a workshop on continuing education with a nursing team, covering the methodological proposal of the ‘Arc of Marguerez’, where the reality/problem was to hold a healing technique in the health unit. Data was obtained with the aid of a semi-structured script, applied after the workshop, through the focus group method

  6. O coordenador pedagógico e o seu papel na formação continuada em serviço do professor de educação infantil (creche)

    OpenAIRE

    Zumpano, Viviani Aparecida Amabile

    2010-01-01

    O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o papel do coordenador pedagógico no processo de formação continuada em serviço do professor de educação infantil que atua em creches. A pesquisa contou com duas participantes, que atuam como coordenadoras pedagógicas em duas creches pertencentes à rede indireta e conveniada particular, ambas ligadas ao Município de São Paulo. Utilizamos como instrumento para a coleta de dados duas entrevistas do tipo semiestruturado. O referencial teóri...

  7. La acreditación de la Formación Médica Continuada: Hechos y controversias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helios Pardell

    Full Text Available La acreditación de la formación médica continuada (FMC tiene como objetivo esencial la mejora de la oferta formativa, por encima de otros objetivos complementarios como servir de guía a los distintos agentes, atestiguar la participación en los programas formativos, orientar la oferta o reconocer la cualificación de los proveedores. De los tres ámbitos tradicionales de la acreditación, la acreditación individual debe separarse claramente, equiparándose a lo que se conoce como revalidación. Los otros dos ámbitos genuinos de acreditación de la FMC son la acreditación de actividades formativas y la acreditación de instituciones proveedoras. Los créditos de FMC sirven para tres cometidos fundamentales: la carrera profesional, la revalidación y el desarrollo profesional continuo. Adicionalmente, pueden utilizarse para otras finalidades relacionadas con la promoción profesional individual. La situación de la acreditación de la FMC en España es muy esperanzadora, con dos sistemas de acreditación que disponen de una relativamente larga trayectoria y unas expectativas que los sitúan en una posición avanzada a nivel europeo.

  8. Low shear stress induces vascular eNOS uncoupling via autophagy-mediated eNOS phosphorylation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jun-Xia; Qu, Xin-Liang; Chu, Peng; Xie, Du-Jiang; Zhu, Lin-Lin; Chao, Yue-Lin; Li, Li; Zhang, Jun-Jie; Chen, Shao-Liang

    2018-05-01

    Uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces O 2 - instead of nitric oxide (NO). Earlier, we reported rapamycin, an autophagy inducer and inhibitor of cellular proliferation, attenuated low shear stress (SS) induced O 2 - production. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation of eNOS uncoupling. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the modulation of autophagy on eNOS uncoupling induced by low SS exposure. We found that low SS induced endothelial O 2 - burst, which was accompanied by reduced NO release. Furthermore, inhibition of eNOS by L-NAME conspicuously attenuated low SS-induced O 2 - releasing, indicating eNOS uncoupling. Autophagy markers such as LC3 II/I ratio, amount of Beclin1, as well as ULK1/Atg1 were increased during low SS exposure, whereas autophagic degradation of p62/SQSTM1 was markedly reduced, implying impaired autophagic flux. Interestingly, low SS-induced NO reduction could be reversed by rapamycin, WYE-354 or ATG5 overexpression vector via restoration of autophagic flux, but not by N-acetylcysteine or apocynin. eNOS uncoupling might be ascribed to autophagic flux blockade because phosphorylation of eNOS Thr495 by low SS or PMA stimulation was also regulated by autophagy. In contrast, eNOS acetylation was not found to be regulated by low SS and autophagy. Notably, although low SS had no influence on eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation, whereas boosted eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation by rapamycin were in favor of the eNOS recoupling through restoration of autophagic flux. Taken together, we reported a novel mechanism for regulation of eNOS uncoupling by low SS via autophagy-mediated eNOS phosphorylation, which is implicated in geometrical nature of atherogenesis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. A RAM: Realidade e Utopia

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira, Carlos Santos

    2003-01-01

    Evoluções tecnológicas recentes, nomeadamente em matéria de electrónica e de informática, e a busca de conceitos operacionais adaptados às novas tecnologias estão a revolucionar a arte da guerra. O êxito da “Tempestade no Deserto”, em 1991 e das sucessivas intervenções militares dos EUA nos anos seguintes mais reforçaram a ideia de que se estava perante uma verdadeira revolução – É a Revolução nos Assuntos Militares (RAM). Na realidade, a RAM é um fenómeno comple...

  10. O contencioso do algodão: cenários para mudança na política de subsídios dos EUA The cotton dispute: scenarios for change in the U.S. subsidies policy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Lima

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo se examina a não adequação dos EUA ao parecer da OMC no contencioso do algodão. Argumenta-se que tal atitude é irracional do ponto de vista do Estado unitário e racional, mas que pode ser explicada por meio de uma perspectiva fragmentada do Estado. Assim, embora a administração desejasse a adequação, cotonicultores e congressistas potencializados por instituições políticas constrangeram as mudanças necessárias. Ao final são projetados cenários para a modificação da política de subsídios agrícolas dos EUA.The article examines the non compliance of the United States with the WTO report on the cotton dispute. It is argued that that attitude is not rational from the unitary and rational State point of view, but it can be explained through a fragmented perspective of the State. Thus, although the administration desired to comply, cotton growers and congressists, strengthened by political institutions, constrained the needed changes. In the end, scenarios about possible changes in the U.S. agriculture subsidy policy are projected.

  11. Com amigos assim, quem precisa de inimigos? Dois neo-realistas reduzem a amizade entre os EUA e Israel ao tráfico de influência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Demant

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Em resposta ao artigo "O Lobby de Israel", sustenta-se que a proximidade entre os EUA e Israel é cultivada pelo Lobby e não por ele criada. Defende-se também que as conclusões de Mearsheimer e Walt são baseadas em pesquisa descuidada, deturpações e lógica falsa, mas que ainda assim a tese central é digna de debate.In response to the article "The Israel Lobby", this essay states that proximity between USA and Israel is cultivated by the Lobby, not created by it. It is also argued that Mearsheimer and Walt's conclusions are based on poor research, debasement and false logics, but that its main argument deserves serious debate.

  12. Motivación del personal sanitario en la formación continuada sobre tratamiento quimioterápico Motivation of health staff in training about chemotherapy treatment

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    José Ramón García Fernández

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El tratamiento quimioterápico es una parte fundamental en la actividad de un centro hospitalario. Sin embargo en los hospitales comarcales el desarrollo de esta actividad es especialmente complejo. La formación continuada postgraduada juega un papel central en la optimización del proceso, y la motivación para participar en ella es asimismo fundamental. Material y métodos: Describimos el proceso de realización de un curso de formación continuada en un hospital general básico, así como la motivación del personal para que participe activamente en la formación continuada, con varias técnicas: información exhaustiva previa, implicación directa como docente, beneficios curriculares y económicos, etc. Previo al curso se plantearon 4 objetivos: 1º asistencia de todo el personal de enfermería directamente implicado, 2º aumento de conocimientos generales, 3º adquisición de habilidades especiales y 4º centrar el curso en la asistencia integral al enfermo oncológico. Los objetivos se evaluaron mediante: 1.-lista de asistencia, 2 y 3-cuestionario anónimo previo y al finalizar el curso y 4.-valoración subjetiva. Resultados: Asistieron al curso de forma regular un total de 53 personas sobre una plantilla "diana" de 456, fundamentalmente diplomados universitarios de enfermería (DUE. Los objetivos propuestos se cumplieron respectivamente en un: 75%, 50%, 75% y 100%. Conclusiones: El personal sanitario más motivado en la formación continuada en oncología básica es: diplomados en enfermería, médicos internos residentes y curiosamente técnicos especialistas de laboratorio. El contacto habitual con la preparación y administración de tratamientos citostáticos fue la principal motivación para asistir al curso. Las diversas técnicas de motivación empleadas solo fueron eficaces en el personal predispuesto "a priori" a la realización del curso.Introduction: Pharmacological treatment with cytostatic agents is an

  13. Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzymes in the Airways of Mice Exposed to Ovalbumin: NOS2 Expression Is NOS3 Dependent

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    Jennifer M. Bratt

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Objectives and Design. The function of the airway nitric oxide synthase (NOS isoforms and the lung cell types responsible for its production are not fully understood. We hypothesized that NO homeostasis in the airway is important to control inflammation, which requires upregulation, of NOS2 protein expression by an NOS3-dependent mechanism. Materials or Subjects. Mice from a C57BL/6 wild-type, NOS1−/−, NOS2−/−, and NOS3−/− genotypes were used. All mice strains were systemically sensitized and exposed to filtered air or ovalbumin (OVA aerosol for two weeks to create a subchronic model of allergen-induced airway inflammation. Methods. We measured lung function, lung lavage inflammatory and airway epithelial goblet cell count, exhaled NO, nitrate and nitrite concentration, and airway NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 protein content. Results. Deletion of NOS1 or NOS3 increases NOS2 protein present in the airway epithelium and smooth muscle of air-exposed animals. Exposure to allergen significantly reduced the expression of NOS2 protein in the airway epithelium and smooth muscle of the NOS3−/− strain only. This reduction in NOS2 expression was not due to the replacement of epithelial cells with goblet cells as remaining epithelial cells did not express NOS2. NOS1−/− animals had significantly reduced goblet cell metaplasia compared to C57Bl/6 wt, NOS2−/−, and NOS3−/− allergen-exposed mice. Conclusion. The airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells maintain a stable airway NO concentration under noninflammatory conditions. This “homeostatic” mechanism is unable to distinguish between NOS derived from the different constitutive NOS isoforms. NOS3 is essential for the expression of NOS2 under inflammatory conditions, while NOS1 expression contributes to allergen-induced goblet cell metaplasia.

  14. Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzymes in the Airways of Mice Exposed to Ovalbumin: NOS2 Expression Is NOS3 Dependent

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bratt, Jennifer M.; Williams, Keisha; Rabowsky, Michelle F.; Last, Michael S.; Franzi, Lisa M.; Last, Jerold A.; Kenyon, Nicholas J.

    2010-01-01

    Objectives and Design. The function of the airway nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the lung cell types responsible for its production are not fully understood. We hypothesized that NO homeostasis in the airway is important to control inflammation, which requires upregulation, of NOS2 protein expression by an NOS3-dependent mechanism. Materials or Subjects. Mice from a C57BL/6 wild-type, NOS1−/−, NOS2−/−, and NOS3−/− genotypes were used. All mice strains were systemically sensitized and exposed to filtered air or ovalbumin (OVA) aerosol for two weeks to create a subchronic model of allergen-induced airway inflammation. Methods. We measured lung function, lung lavage inflammatory and airway epithelial goblet cell count, exhaled NO, nitrate and nitrite concentration, and airway NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 protein content. Results. Deletion of NOS1 or NOS3 increases NOS2 protein present in the airway epithelium and smooth muscle of air-exposed animals. Exposure to allergen significantly reduced the expression of NOS2 protein in the airway epithelium and smooth muscle of the NOS3−/− strain only. This reduction in NOS2 expression was not due to the replacement of epithelial cells with goblet cells as remaining epithelial cells did not express NOS2. NOS1−/− animals had significantly reduced goblet cell metaplasia compared to C57Bl/6 wt, NOS2−/−, and NOS3−/− allergen-exposed mice. Conclusion. The airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells maintain a stable airway NO concentration under noninflammatory conditions. This “homeostatic” mechanism is unable to distinguish between NOS derived from the different constitutive NOS isoforms. NOS3 is essential for the expression of NOS2 under inflammatory conditions, while NOS1 expression contributes to allergen-induced goblet cell metaplasia. PMID:20953358

  15. Orthodontic force stimulates eNOS and iNOS in rat osteocytes

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tan, S.D.; Xie, R.; Klein Nulend, J.; van Rheden, R.E.; Bronckers, A.L.J.J.; Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M.; Von den Hoff, J.W.; Maltha, J.C.

    2009-01-01

    Mechanosensitive osteocytes are essential for bone remodeling. Nitric oxide, an important regulator of bone remodeling, is produced by osteocytes through the activity of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We hypothesized that these

  16. Orthodontic force stimulates eNOS and iNOS in rat osteocytes.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tan, S.D.; Xie, R.; Klein-Nulend, J.; Rheden, R.E.M. van; Bronckers, A.L.; Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M.; Hoff, J.W. Von den; Maltha, J.C.

    2009-01-01

    Mechanosensitive osteocytes are essential for bone remodeling. Nitric oxide, an important regulator of bone remodeling, is produced by osteocytes through the activity of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We hypothesized that these

  17. Ensino baseado em simulação na formação continuada de médicos: análise das percepções de alunos e professores de um Hospital do Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Sá Simões Dourado

    Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, o ensino baseado em simulação (EBS tem sido cada vez mais utilizado na educação em saúde e especialmente na educação médica. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as potencialidades e desafios do EBS no contexto de um curso de formação continuada de médicos: Curso em Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar (RCP Avançado. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observação de campo, entrevistas com professores e aplicação de questionários aos alunos do curso. Para análise das percepções dos participantes, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados apontaram quatro principais potencialidades e desafios do EBS para a formação médica: articulação entre teoria e prática; o erro como oportunidade de aprendizagem; relação entre mundo virtual e mundo real; fortalecimento do trabalho em equipe. Acredita-se que este trabalho possa contribuir com a discussão acerca da utilização do EBS na educação médica, assim como indicar pontos favoráveis e desafios de sua implementação, revelando a importância de pesquisas que aprofundem as questões pedagógicas envolvidas no percurso de aplicação desta metodologia.

  18. Educação Ambiental formadora de cidadania em perspectiva emancipatória: constituição de uma proposta para a formação continuada de professores

    OpenAIRE

    Manzochi, Lúcia Helena [UNESP; Carvalho, Luiz Marcelo de [UNESP

    2008-01-01

    Este trabalho explora possibilidades abertas pelos campos teóricometodológicosde “conflito socioambiental” e “educação moral” para a constituiçãode uma proposta teórico-metodológica de formação continuada de professores.Trata-se de reflexão teórica aliada às análises de uma experiência de intervençãoanteriormente realizada e que se insere nas abordagens naturalístico-qualitativas depesquisa. As análises realizadas forneceram indícios de que subsídios daquelescampos podem apoiar a construção, ...

  19. Production and marketing of vegetables for the ethnic markets in the United States Produção e marketing de hortaliças para os mercados étnicos nos Estados Unidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francis X Mangan

    2008-03-01

    gain access to this market it is important to understand the distribution system used for fresh produce in the United States.Devido ao crescente número de imigrantes nos EUA, composto por latinos, brasileiros, asiáticos e africanos, observou-se um aumento no interesse dessas comunidades em obter produtos que são comuns em seus países de origem. Para atender essa demanda houve um aumento nas importações de produtos étnicos e na produção interna dessas hortaliças. A mandioca é um bom exemplo do interesse em cultivos étnicos. As importações desse produto cresceram 370% nos últimos seis anos. A Universidade de Massachusetts iniciou suas pesquisas em 1996 com culturas populares entre os imigrantes de Porto Rico e Republica Dominicana e, em 2002, com os vegetais presentes na culinária brasileira. Este trabalho sumariza as informações disponíveis atualmente em relação às necessidades dos imigrantes brasileiros em termos de hortaliças de cunho cultural, identifica as cadeias fornecedoras existentes, explica os impactos da mídia sobre o mercado étnico e descreve as práticas de aquisição de produtos específicos demandados pelos consumidores brasileiros. Pesquisas mostraram que a maioria dos imigrantes brasileiros eram provenientes do estado de Minas Gerais e devido a esse fator, as culturas escolhidas foram jiló, maxixe, taioba, abóbora e quiabo. Para a introdução dos produtos no mercado é necessário focar grande parte das atenções no marketing e divulgação. Apesar de existir uma demanda, esses vegetais não são normalmente encontrados nos mercados, sendo necessário informar onde e quais produtos estão disponíveis. O melhor meio de divulgação entre os brasileiros é através da emissora de TV Rede Globo, porém outros meios como jornais e rádios em língua portuguesa são eficientes e mais acessíveis. A exportação de produtos étnicos para os EUA é um mercado crescente, porém para entrar nesse mercado é necessário compreender

  20. A notificação compulsória do abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: uma comparação entre os dispositivos americanos e brasileiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeanne de Souza Lima

    Full Text Available A notificação compulsória dos casos de violência é um instrumento capaz de mobilizar a rede de proteção às crianças e adolescentes e de compor o sistema de informação, visando ao planejamento de políticas públicas para seu enfrentamento. O trabalho tem como objetivos: (a caracterizar o contexto histórico de enfrentamento da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, e o seu processo de notificação, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos (EUA; (b estabelecer parâmetros de comparação entre a realidade brasileira e americana. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental de leis, portarias e normativas sobre a notificação compulsória do abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, complementadas pela literatura nacional e internacional acerca da questão. Pode-se observar que, enquanto nos EUA o processo de notificação é detalhado e distribuído por seus estados, no Brasil os estudos ainda requerem maior aprofundamento sobre a temática, sobretudo no que diz respeito às iniciativas regionais.

  1. Um modelo de formação e sua aplicação em educação continuada An education model and its application for continuing education

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edna Maria Querido de Oliveira Chamon

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Tendo em vista a importância e atualidade dos trabalhos sobre formação continuada de professores, realizou-se uma pesquisa junto a 189 professores da rede estadual de ensino do estado de São Paulo para avaliar uma formação que eles cursavam. O quadro teórico que apoiou a análise baseou-se nas características conceituais, psicológicas e profissionais que orientam o desenho de uma formação. A pesquisa mostrou que a formação proposta apresentou componentes dos três pólos do modelo teórico, com dominância variável entre eles. Em particular, o trabalho de pesquisa de conclusão de curso, representado pela monografia que os professores desenvolveram sobre tema educacional, foi um dos principais elementos aglutinadores desses três pólos. Foi possível, também, observar a adequação do modelo para a análise de uma formação continuada.Considering the relevance of works about continuing teacher education, we have conducted a research with 189 teachers enrolled in an education program to evaluate it. The theoretical framework supporting our analysis is based on the conceptual, psychological, and professional characteristics that guide the education design. The research showed the presence of these three components with variable levels of domination. Particularly, the research work represented by the thesis developed by the students during the education program was one of the main aggregation points of these components. It was possible to observe the model adequacy to a continuing education analysis.

  2. Educação a Distância e formação continuada do professor Distance Education and further teacher development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leda Maria Borges da Cunha Rodrigues

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Tem sido significativo o papel da Educação a Distância (EaD na formação continuada de docentes. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo levantar e analisar dados em relação à sua utilização para formação continuada de professores quanto ao processo de inclusão da pessoa com deficiência. Construído e aplicado questionário semiestruturado, participaram da pesquisa 182 alunos do Curso a distância da Unesp-Bauru/SP, realizado em parceria com o Ministério da Educação. Os resultados indicam que a flexibilidade de horário e o atendimento a grande número de alunos, em diferentes áreas geográficas, destacam-se como pontos positivos desta modalidade, porém, para seu sucesso, é necessária a formação adequada dos formadores/tutores na utilização das novas ferramentas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo imprescindível que os alunos tenham a sensação de serem assistidos em todos os momentos, contribuindo para a construção da comunidade virtual e efetivando, na Educação a Distância, a formação de qualidade.Distance Education has had a significant role in further teacher development. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze data related to distance education for the further teacher development related to the inclusion process of people with disability. One hundred and eighty two students from the Distance Training course from Unesp - Bauru / SP participated in the research, constructing and applying a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that scheduling flexibility and attendance of a great number of students in different geographical areas stand out as positive points of this modality, however, for it to be a success, tutors must be adequately prepared to use new tools in the teaching-learning process. It is essential that the students feel they are being assisted in every moment, contributing to the construction of a virtual community and effecting quality development in distance education.

  3. Iglesia, electrónica y marketing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Assmann

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Solamente nos ocuparemos en esta primera entrega de la así llamada "Iglesia Electrónica" en los EUA por algunas razones bastante obvias. Queremos dejar bien claro que esta sección tiene su razón de ser, no tanto en referencia a la realidad norteamericana, sino en el significado de ella para la mejor comprensión de lo que sucede en nuestros países latinoamericanos.

  4. Racismo e xenofobia nos Estados Unidos da América

    OpenAIRE

    Gomes, Nancy

    2001-01-01

    A história dos Estados Unidos de América (EUA) é uma história de imigração e diversidade. Quando Cristóvão Colombo chegou à América no ano de 1492, cerca de um milhão e meio de americanos nativos viviam nesta parte do continente. Durante os 200 anos seguintes, pessoas de diversos países europeus seguiram Colombo através do Atlântico para explorar a América e estabelecer as colónias e o derivado comércio. Os ingleses foram o grupo étnico dominante entre os primitivos colonos e o inglês convert...

  5. Projeto formação continuada de professores em gênero e sexualidade: relato de experiência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Pereira de Lima

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2015v12n20p132 Este artigo relata uma atividade de formação de professores implementada a partir do Projeto de Extensão “Formação Continuada de Professores em Gênero e Sexualidade”, visando atender às dificuldades dos educadores em lidar com expressões da sexualidade que aparecem no cotidiano escolar. O projeto teve como objetivos: formar professores para atuarem com questões de gênero e sexualidade do cotidiano escolar; desconstruir mitos, tabus e preconceitos relacionados às questões de gênero e sexualidade, e instrumentalizar professores para o desenvolvimento de ações relacionadas aos temas propostos. Os cursistas relataram que sentiram-se mais instrumentalizados para mediar expressões da sexualidade do cotidiano escolar. Entendemos que o curso oferecido pelo projeto atingiu seus objetivos, promovendo algumas rupturas em posicionamentos que reduziam a sexualidade ao campo biomédico, bem como a fundamentalismos que a compreendiam de uma forma binária e mantenedora das desigualdades de gênero, permitindo que emergissem intervenções em consonância com os princípios propostos nas políticas públicas.

  6. Sucesos estresantes y sus impactos en mujeres y jóvenes de la comunidad de cuitzeo, Michoacán: El ciclo de la migración México-EUA en sus familias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nydia Obregón-Velasco

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo describe algunos sucesos de vida estresantes y los impactos que tienen en la salud de las mujeres y sus hijos jóvenes, a partir de la migración hacia EUA de algunos de sus familiares directos, lo cual favorece el ciclo de migración en la familia. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa con un enfoque de participación-acción, aplicando grupos focales, entrevistas y observación participante durante diferentes actividades realizadas en la comunidad de Cuitzeo, Michoacán, tales como conferencias y talleres.

  7. Um mundo de cores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elis Artz

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available A pintura de Elis Artz é feita com muita alma e transborda alegria. A vitalidade de seu trabalho transparece nas cores fortes e nos traços simples e harmoniosos. Confira o trabalho da artista nesta edição da Revista Jangada. ELIS by ELIS Descobri meu talento artístisco e criativo há uns 25 anos. Nasci no Brasil e me mudei para os EUA 10 anos atrás por puro amor. Embora seja psicóloga de formação, o meu apreço pela pintura só cresceu e, com o passar dos anos, a paixão pelas tintas me direcionou a fazer cursos com artistas brasileiros renomados. Já morando nos EUA e com essa grande paixão adormecida, durante anos, decidi me entregar para as cores que sempre me trouxeram alegria e cor para os meus dias. Embora muitas de minhas pinturas tenham ido para minha família e amigos no Brasil, vendi inúmeras outras pelo país através de exposições em galerias de arte. Em 2014, fui uma das artistas em destaque no MTD ART nos Estados Unidos. Minha obra estava dentro de cada ônibus das cidades de Champaign e Urbana e exposta em destaque na Estação de Trem. Em maio de 2015, tive o prazer de ter outro trabalho meu nos outdoors da cidade, destacando a minha tela 'Frida' o ano inteiro e de expor em conjunto com alguns artistas locais no final de outubro. Desde então, tenho pintado cada vez mais e me interessado em divulgar o meu trabalho. E, como diria um amigo meu "Elis, você me mostrou que a vida não é só preto no branco". Ele estava certo.

  8. "Adiós soccer, here comes fútbol!": transnacionalização de comunidades esportivas mexicanas nos Estados Unidos "Adiós soccer, here comes fútbol!": transnationalization of the Mexican sports communities in the U.S.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ingrid Kummels

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo discute a dinâmica esportiva de comunidades mexicanas nos Estados Unidos no contexto do futebol. A partir da análise de grupos mexicanos que imigraram para o território americano e de suas práticas futebolísticas (de resistência, esta pesquisa se questiona se estaríamos presenciando uma "latino-americanização" esportiva dos EUA através do futebol. Como contrarresposta a uma homogeneização e subordinação, os mexicanos-americanos (e, por extensão, os latinos em geral criaram novas práticas culturais (e, dentre elas, as práticas esportivas que amalgamam tradições mexicanas com valores da sociedade estadunidense, constituindo, assim, um terceiro espaço (a third space que transpõe as fronteiras de ambos os Estados nacionais. O presente artigo, portanto, analisa por que um crescente número de imigrantes reforça as relações com suas comunidades de origem no México através da (recriação de um universo futebolístico próprio, expressando, com isso, uma "mexicanidade transnacional" que não é "harmônica", mas é marcada por linhas de conflito. Nessa "nova mexicanidade" manifestam-se conflitos de gênero, de classe e étnicos, locais e nacionais, que se dão simultaneamente nos EUA e no México, e que se influenciam mutuamente.This article discusses the sport dynamics of the Mexican communities in the United States in the context of soccer. From the analysis of Mexican groups which immigrated to the American territory, and from their soccer practices (of resistance, this research questions whether we would be witnessing a sportive "latinoamericanization" of the U.S. through the soccer practices. As a counter-response to a homogenization and subordination, the Mexican Americans (and, by extension, the Latinos in general have created new cultural practices (and, among them sportive ones that put together Mexican traditions with American values of society constituting, in that way, "a third space", which extends

  9. Tu nos aposte protege

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Frederiksen, Britta Olrik

    2007-01-01

    Aspirationen af p, t og k i dansk er stedmoderligt behandlet af den gren af den historiske sprogforskning der bygger på skriftligt kildemateriale. Skrivemåden tu nos aposte protege for tu nos ab hoste protege 'bekyt du os mod fjenden' i en tilskrift fra anden halvdel af 1300-tallet i...

  10. Neuronal NOS localises to human airway cilia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jackson, Claire L; Lucas, Jane S; Walker, Woolf T; Owen, Holly; Premadeva, Irnthu; Lackie, Peter M

    2015-01-30

    Airway NO synthase (NOS) isoenzymes are responsible for rapid and localised nitric oxide (NO) production and are expressed in airway epithelium. We sought to determine the localisation of neuronal NOS (nNOS) in airway epithelium due to the paucity of evidence. Sections of healthy human bronchial tissue in glycol methacrylate resin and human nasal polyps in paraffin wax were immunohistochemically labelled and reproducibly demonstrated nNOS immunoreactivity, particularly at the proximal portion of cilia; this immunoreactivity was blocked by a specific nNOS peptide fragment. Healthy human epithelial cells differentiated at an air-liquid interface (ALI) confirmed the presence of all three NOS isoenzymes by immunofluorescence labelling. Only nNOS immunoreactivity was specific to the ciliary axonemeand co-localised with the cilia marker β-tubulin in the proximal part of the ciliary axoneme. We report a novel localisation of nNOS at the proximal portion of cilia in airway epithelium and conclude that its independent and local regulation of NO levels is crucial for normal cilia function. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Análise dos co-movimentos entre os mercados de capitais do Brasil e dos EUA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Reed Bergmann

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, a teoria de cópulas é utilizada para analisar os co-movimentos entre os mercados de capitais do Brasil e dos EUA. Na finalidade de implementação de uma estratégia de alocação de ativos é importante entender os eventos extremos - tanto os positivos (boom como os negativos (crashes - e seus efeitos sobre os mercados. Os índices de mercado usados são o IBOVESPA e o S&P 500 cobrindo o período de 03/2001 a 04/2007. A aderência aos log-retornos das principais cópulas encontradas na literatura financeira é avaliada. Os seguintes critérios foram escolhidos: o Log-likelihod, o critério de informação de Akaike e o critério de informação bayesiano. Os resultados mostram que a cópula de Joe-Clayton simetrizada é a mais adequada para modelar a estrutura de dependência entre os log-retornos do IBOVESPA e os do S&P500. Este trabalho difere de alguns estudos já realizados [e.g. Mendes e Moretti(2005 e Canela e Collazo(2005], pois leva em consideração a modelagem de cópulas dinâmicas introduzida por Patton (2006. Finalmente, através dos índices de dependência caudal ao longo do tempo, pode-se concluir que a ocorrência de eventos extremos negativos (crashes no mercado norte americano tende a afetar mais o mercado brasileiro quando da comparação da ocorrência dos eventos extremos positivos (booms.

  12. The influence of authentic scientific research experiences on teachers' conceptions of the nature of science (NOS) and their NOS teaching practices

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moriarty, Meghan A.

    This study explored the influence of teachers' authentic scientific research experiences (ASREs) on teachers' conceptions of the nature of science (NOS) and teachers' NOS instruction. Twelve high school biology teachers participated in this study. Six of the participants had authentic scientific research experience (ASRE) and six had not participated in authentic scientific research. Data included background surveys, modified Views of the Nature of Science (VNOS) questionnaires, interviews, and teaching observations. Data was coded based on the eight NOS understandings outlined in 2013 in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Evidence from this study indicates participating in authentic scientific research as a member of a scientific community has dual benefits of enabling high school science teachers with informed understandings of the NOS and positioning them to teach with the NOS. However, these benefits do not always result from an ASRE. If the nature of the ASRE is limited, then it may limit teachers' NOS understandings and their NOS teaching practices. The results of this study suggest that participation in ASREs may be one way to improve teachers' NOS understandings and teaching practices if the experiences themselves offer a comprehensive view of the NOS. Because ASREs and other science learning experiences do not always offer such experiences, pre-service teacher education and professional development opportunities may engage science teachers in two ways: (1) becoming part of a scientific community may enable them to teach with NOS and (2) being reflective about what being a scientist means may improve teachers' NOS understandings and better position them to teach about NOS.. Keywords: nature of science, authentic scientific research experiences, Next Generation Science Standards, teaching about NOS, teaching with NOS.

  13. AS DIFERENTES POLÍTICAS DE CURRÍCULO E DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES PRATICADAS COM OS COTIDIANOS DAS ESCOLAS E DA SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE VITÓRIA QUE SE PROLIFERAM COMO MULTIPLICIDADES DE CURRÍCULOS FORMAÇÃO

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    Maria Regina Lopes Gomes

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available O artigo refere‐se à nossa pesquisa de doutorado realizada na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Vitória‐ES, a partir dos processos de constituição das políticas de currículo e de formação continuada de professores. Assume, como referencial teórico‐metodológico‐epistemológico‐político, a tessitura do conhecimento em redes, o pensamento complexo e a prática de pesquisa com os cotidianos como possibilidades de compreender essas políticas que, a partir das teorias das práticas cotidianas, nascem dos desvios, dos usos que oshabitantes cotidianos fazem dos produtos das políticas oficiais de formação e de currículo. Práticas‐políticas que, nas redes cotidianas, se apresentam como campos indissociáveis, se multiplicando como curriculosformação. As conversas, as imagens e narrativas de praticantes foram usadas como modos de transitar e acompanhar os processos de constituição dessas práticas‐políticas que nos interessaram durante a pesquisa. Os estudos com os cotidianos sãoreferenciais para as problematizações e Certeau o principal intercessor das conversas tecidas com os praticantes da pesquisa. Aposta na relevância do estudo como pista para a necessáriaampliação dos campos discursivos do currículo e da formação de professores e das políticas de educação.

  14. iNOS-dependent sweating and eNOS-dependent cutaneous vasodilation are evident in younger adults, but are diminished in older adults exercising in the heat.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fujii, Naoto; Meade, Robert D; Alexander, Lacy M; Akbari, Pegah; Foudil-Bey, Imane; Louie, Jeffrey C; Boulay, Pierre; Kenny, Glen P

    2016-02-01

    Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) contributes to sweating and cutaneous vasodilation during exercise in younger adults. We hypothesized that endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) mediate NOS-dependent sweating, whereas eNOS induces NOS-dependent cutaneous vasodilation in younger adults exercising in the heat. Further, aging may upregulate inducible NOS (iNOS), which may attenuate sweating and cutaneous vasodilator responses. We hypothesized that iNOS inhibition would augment sweating and cutaneous vasodilation in exercising older adults. Physically active younger (n = 12, 23 ± 4 yr) and older (n = 12, 60 ± 6 yr) adults performed two 30-min bouts of cycling at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (400 W) in the heat (35°C). Sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were evaluated at four intradermal microdialysis sites with: 1) lactated Ringer (control), 2) nNOS inhibitor (nNOS-I, NPLA), 3) iNOS inhibitor (iNOS-I, 1400W), or 4) eNOS inhibitor (eNOS-I, LNAA). In younger adults during both exercise bouts, all inhibitors decreased sweating relative to control, albeit a lower sweat rate was observed at iNOS-I compared with eNOS-I and nNOS-I sites (all P exercise protocol (all P exercise bouts (all P > 0.05). We show that iNOS and eNOS are the main contributors to NOS-dependent sweating and cutaneous vasodilation, respectively, in physically active younger adults exercising in the heat, and that iNOS inhibition does not alter sweating or cutaneous vasodilation in exercising physically active older adults. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

  15. Polémica em torno da liberdade da sexualidade: «liberdade de importunar» versus violências sexuais

    OpenAIRE

    Cova, Anne

    2018-01-01

    Na sequência do escândalo que explodiu nos EUA em Outubro de 2017 envolvendo o produtor americano de cinema Harvey Weinstein, nasceram os hashtags #Balancetonporc e #MeToo que levaram dezenas de milhares de mulheres a testemunhar sobre as violências sexuais. No Twitter, #Balancetonporc foi lançado no dia 13 de Outubro por uma jornalista francesa, Sandra Muller, e dois dias depois a atriz americana, Alyssa Milano, tomou uma iniciativa semelhante com #MeToo. O efeito bola de neve das redes soci...

  16. Alegorias do comportamento Pós-Atentados de 11 de Setembro de 2001, em Lost

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    Glauco Madeira de Toledo

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Este texto pretende mostrar que o seriado Lost começa com um storyline que envolve uma alegoria das reações das pessoas aos atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, nos EUA, por meio das reações dos personagens aos resultados do acidente na ilha. Para este trabalho, foram estudados os quatro primeiros episódios da primeira temporada da série, incluindo o episódio piloto como dois episódios distintos, seguidos por Tabula Rasa e Walkabout.

  17. Formação continuada de educadores: ressignificando o papel da prática na gestão escolar e da universidade/Educators continuing training: resignifying the role of the practice in the school and university management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucrécia Stringhetta Mello

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo refere-se à análise de processos de formação continuada de profissionais educadores que atuam na gestão do ensino fundamental e educação infantil em dois municípios de estados brasileiros diferentes, sendo um do Mato Grosso do Sul e outro de São Paulo. Ambos envolveram docentes e discentes das universidades públicas dos dois estados (UNESP e UFMS, tiveram suas ações analisadas no momento em que completaram dois anos e envolveram atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O texto realiza uma introdução, expondo e analisando o contexto atual dos estudos em Administração escolar e segue com a apresentação dos referenciais teórico-metodológicos das duas práticas, evidenciando suas similaridades e especificidades. Posteriormente, analisa os resultados parciais dos trabalhos, nos âmbitos do ensino, da pesquisa e, sobretudo, das práticas cotidianas dos sujeitos envolvidos. The article refers to the analysis of continuing education process of professional educators that work in the elementary and early childhood education management in two different Brazilian states, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo. Both involved teachers and students of public universities: UNESP and UFMS that have their actions analyzed when they have completed two years. The study involved teaching, research and extension. The text brings an introduction, explaining and analyzing the current context of studies in school administration, followed by the theoretical and methodological references of the two practices, highlighting their similarities and specificities. Then, it analyzes the partial results of works in the fields of education, research, and especially the daily practices of the individuals involved.

  18. A INSUSTENTÁVEL RESPOSTA DA “CRIMIGRAÇÃO” FACE À IRREGULARIDADE DOS MIGRANTES: UMA PERSPETIVA DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA

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    Maria João GUIA

    Full Text Available Resumo A condição jurídica de “Irregular” dos imigrantes na entrada e na permanência, em determinado país, é uma decisão de cada um dos Estados, que escolhem entre criminalizar e proibir esses comportamentos ou os integrar e “regularizar”, permitindo o seu acesso a (alguns direitos dos nacionais. Nos últimos anos vários Estados dos EUA enveredaram por uma política pública de “crimigração” fazendo convergir a lei criminal com a lei de imigração com o objetivo de punir e expulsar os imigrantes “construídos” como irregulares. Na Europa também têm sido implementadas recentemente políticas, direito e práticas “crimigratórias” transplantadas dos EUA. No entanto, países como Portugal acolhem moderadamente essa tendência, continuando a optar preferencialmente pela inclusão e por uma legislação de “regularização permanente” dos imigrantes.

  19. Sildenafil Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Role of iNOS and eNOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed A. Morsy

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is used for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections. However, its usefulness is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, was reported to prevent or decrease tissue injury. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential protective effects of sildenafil on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 6 days with and without sildenafil. Sildenafil administration resulted in nephroprotective effect in gentamicin-intoxicated rats as it significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea, urinary albumin, and renal malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate levels, with a concomitant increase in renal catalase and superoxide dismutase activities compared to gentamicin-treated rats. Moreover, immunohistochemical examination revealed that sildenafil treatment markedly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS expression, while expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS was markedly enhanced. The protective effects of sildenafil were verified histopathologically. In conclusion, sildenafil protects rats against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity possibly, in part, through its antioxidant activity, inhibition of iNOS expression, and induction of eNOS production.

  20. Driblando a censura: o macarthismo e a figuração do trabalho em Sunset Boulevard, de Billy Wilder

    OpenAIRE

    Sheila Maria Ribeiro Saad

    2014-01-01

    Sunset Boulevard (Crepúsculo dos Deuses, EUA) foi coescrito e dirigido pelo cineasta Billy Wilder (1906-2002), entrando em cartaz em 1950 período marcado pela ascensão do macarthismo nos Estados Unidos. Para burlar a censura imposta pelo Red Scare, o filme apresenta diversas possibilidades de interpretação, as quais serão perseguidas ao longo da análise. Dentre elas, observa-se o melodrama aos moldes hollywoodianos; um panorama da transição do cinema mudo ao sonoro (e suas implicações); um m...

  1. Aspectos de uma polícia profissional e a Polícia Federal Brasileira: o caso dos escrivães, papiloscopistas e agente – EPA – de polícia federal lotados em Foz do Iguaçu-PR

    OpenAIRE

    Leite, William Cordeiro

    2015-01-01

    Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar os aspectos de uma polícia profissional presentes na literatura especializada sobre o assunto e compará-los com a Polícia Federal Brasileira, utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Para isso, pesquisou-se os conceitos de profissionalização policial na literatura e verificou-se que sua definição é controversa e complexa e que as reformas ocorridas nas policias ocidentais, principalmente nos EUA e Inglaterra, no final do sé...

  2. O preço de mercado na formação do custo gerencial de produtos industrializados na indústria frigorífica

    OpenAIRE

    Erves Ducati

    2006-01-01

    Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar como um frigorífico de suínos pode gerencialmente compor os custos dos produtos industrializados, sem a utilização dos custos conjuntos distribuídos pela metodologia conhecida e evidenciar mais claramente a formação do preço de venda de seus produtos industrializados. Assim, destaca-se a importância das agroindústr;as no mundo globalizado, onde o Brasil desponta como grande produtor mundial ao lado dos EUA, Canadá, Alemanha e outros com uma produção d...

  3. O preço de mercado na formação do custo gerencial de produtos industrializados na indústria frigorífica - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662/rccc.v5n13p59-70

    OpenAIRE

    Erves Ducati

    2011-01-01

    Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar como um frigorífico de suínos pode gerencialmente compor os custos dos produtos industrializados, sem a utilização dos custos conjuntos distribuídos pela metodologia conhecida e evidenciar mais claramente a formação do preço de venda de seus produtos industrializados. Assim, destaca-se a importância das agroindústr;as no mundo globalizado, onde o Brasil desponta como grande produtor mundial ao lado dos EUA, Canadá, Alemanha e outros com uma produção d...

  4. A OBSERVAÇÃO DO CÉU COMO PONTO DE PARTIDA E EIXO CENTRAL EM UM CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES

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    Paulo Sergio Bretones

    Full Text Available Este trabalho é parte da análise, sob o prisma da racionalidade prática, de um curso de Astronomia para formação continuada de profes sores. Verificou-se que, no tema da Observação do Céu, o desenvolvi mento das atividades de ensino-aprendizagem foi norteado por dois aspectos da racionalidade prática. Como "ponto de partida", foram evi denciados o interesse inicial dos participantes, as perguntas iniciais, uma primeira aula prática de observação do céu e relatos de observações reali zadas antes das aulas. Como "eixo central", ocorreram movimentos que começaram com práticas de aula do curso e seguiram para práticas pes soais; após relatos e desenvolvimento do assunto em aula, os participan tes retornaram à prática com seus alunos, posteriormente relatadas, o que mostra que o currículo girou em torno da prática.

  5. A concretização dos direitos fundamentais do idoso no ambiente do neoconstitucionalismo: uma análise do benefício de prestação continuada (BPC

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    Luciano Meneguetti Pereira

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente texto tem por objetivo demonstrar que o constitucionalismo do Estado Constitucional contemporâneo, que tem sido designado como neoconstitucionalismo, constitui um ambiente favorável à concretização dos direitos fundamentais dos idosos, notadamente pela atuação do Poder Judiciário. Por meio da exposição dos principais aspectos daquilo que vem sendo designado como neoconstitucionalismo, enquanto teoria do direito, apresentando-se sua origem, conceito e principais características, objetiva-se evidenciar que o Benefício de Prestação Continuada, lídimo direito fundamental estabelecido pela Constituição brasileira em favor dos idosos e das pessoas com deficiência, somente tem alcançado maiores índices de efetividade, graças a atuação comprometida do Poder Judiciário.

  6. Endoprótese revestida de jugular preservada de bovino: estudo comparativo da resposta tecidual em aorta torácica descendente e veia cava inferior de suínos

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    Celso Luiz Muhlethaler Chouin

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a resposta tecidual de uma endoprótese biosintetica implantada na aorta torácica descendente e veia cava inferior de suínos. MÉTODO: Foi implantada uma endoprótese auto-expansível composta de aço inoxidável, revestida por veia jugular de bovino, processada pelo método L-hydro, com auxilio de uma bainha de liberação Taheri-Leonhardt (Flórida, EUA na aorta torácica descendente, e a veia cava infra-renal de 10 suínos. Sessenta dias após, as endopróteses foram retiradas e analisadas sob o ponto de vista macro e microscópicos. Foram observados: perviedade, grau de incorporação a parede do vaso, tipo de reação inflamatória, e local de maior resposta, tanto em relação a camada do vaso quanto ao local de contato com o anel de aço RESULTADOS: Todas as endopróteses encontravam-se pérvias, e incorporadas à parede. No setor venoso, seis apresentaram traves fibrosas em sua luz, e quatro apresentaram fibrose perivascular. No setor arterial somente uma prótese apresentou discreta estenose, sem fibrose perivascular. A reação inflamatória crônica tipo corpo estranho ocorreu em 100% das peças, a camada média foi a mais acometida no setor venoso, enquanto a íntima foi mais constante na artéria, o grau de incorporação foi mais firme na veia em comparação a artéria. A reação tecidual mostrou maior tendência nas áreas em intimo contato com o anel de aço (intra-anelar, mais intensa na artéria do que na veia. CONCLUSÃO: A prótese apresentou baixa trombogenicidade em ambos os sistemas, houve maior reação tecidual e baixa biocompatibilidade no setor venoso.

  7. Curso de verão nos Açores para professores de português dos EUA

    OpenAIRE

    Castanho, Maria da Graça Borges

    2012-01-01

    Na qualidade de Diretora Regional das Comunidades, fomos responsável pela redação dos artigos e coordenação da página "Comunidades Açorianas no Mundo", integrada no jornal Mundo Português, servindo a mesma para a divulgação das atividades realizadas pela Direção Regional Das Comunidades do Governo dos Açores.

  8. AVALIAÇÃO DE PESSEGUEIROS E NECTARINEIRAS INTRODUZIDOS NO BRASIL, PROCEDENTES DA FLÓRIDA, EUA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    W. BARBOSA

    1997-09-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se o comportamento vegetativo e reprodutivo de vinte e dois pessegueiros e treze nectarineiras introduzidos no Brasil, provenientes da Universidade da Flórida, Gainesville, EUA. O material foi avaliado por três anos na Estação Experimental de Jundiaí, do IAC(23o08'S; 46o55'W, anotando-se as características: número de nós de gemas por metro de ramo e de gemas vegetativas e floríferas por nó; porcentagem de frutificação efetiva; ciclo de maturação dos frutos; coloração da película e polpa; textura e acidez da polpa e época de colheita. Verificou-se que os cinco cultivares e seleções que apresentaram grande quantidade de gemas foram: Sungem; Fla 3-4N; Fla 6-4; Fla 84-16N e Okinawa, com 51,1; 50,8; 45,8; 45,2 e 44,2 nós de gemas por metro de ramo respectivamente. Considerando o nº de gemas por nó, observou-se que Desertgold (2,36, Sunwright (2,32, Rubro-sol (2,24, Sunlite (2,21, Newbelle (2,16 e Sundowner (2,13 foram os cultivares com maior potencial de desenvolvimento de folhas e flores. As melhores frutificações ocorreram em `Okinawa'(66,3%, `TropicBeauty' (51,1%, `Flordastar'(50,0%, Fla 84-4(48,5% e `Flordaprince'(41,5%. Os pêssegos `Flordadawn', Fla 84-5, Fla 84-4, `Flordastar' e Oro A constituiram-se nos mais precoces, com ciclos de 75 a 85 dias da florada à maturação dos frutos e colheitas desde meados de setembro até início de outubro. Verificou-se que as novas seleções como Fla 84-5, Fla 84-16N, Fla 84-4 e Fla 84-13N possuem características agronômicas favoráveis à persicultura paulista e aos cruzamentos com as seleções do IAC. São dois pêssegos e duas nectarinas de polpa amarela, produtivos, precoces, menos ácidos, com oBrix 12 a 15 e pH 3,8 a 4,0. Os cultivares e seleções mais tolerantes à ferrugem foram: Fla 9-11N, Sundowner, Sunlite, Fla 87-3 e Fla 84-16 e ao chumbinho: Sunwright, Fla 82-23N, Fla 9-11N, Flordadawn e Fla 1-8, sendo 70% nectarinas.Twenty-two peaches and thirteen

  9. Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis Hepatozoonose canina brasileira

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    Lucia Helena O'Dwyer

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available The genus Hepatozoon includes hundreds of species that infect birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, in all continents with tropical and subtropical climates. Two species have been described in domestic dogs: H. canis, reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and the United States; and H. americanum, which so far has only been diagnosed in the United States. In Brazil, the only species found infecting dogs is H. canis. The objective of this review was to detail some aspects of canine hepatozoonosis, caused by H. canis, and the main points of its biology, transmission, pathogenicity, symptoms, epidemiology and diagnostic methods, with emphasis on research developed in Brazil.O gênero Hepatozoon compreende centenas de espécies que infectam aves, répteis, anfíbios e mamíferos, em todos os continentes de clima tropical e subtropical. No cão doméstico duas espécies são descritas, H. canis e H. americanum; a primeira presente na Europa, Ásia, África, América do Sul e nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte (EUA, e a segunda, diagnosticada até o momento somente nos EUA. No Brasil, a espécie que infecta o cão foi caracterizada como H. canis. Esta revisão objetiva detalhar alguns aspectos da hepatozoose canina, causada pelo H. canis e principais pontos de biologia, transmissão, patogenia e sintomas, epidemiologia e métodos de diagnóstico, enfatizando as pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil.

  10. Multifaceted NOS Instruction: Contextualizing Nature of Science with Documentary Films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bloom, Mark; Binns, Ian C.; Koehler, Catherine

    2015-01-01

    This research focuses on inservice science teachers' conceptions of nature of science (NOS) before and after a two-week intensive summer professional development (PD). The PD combined traditional explicit NOS instruction, numerous interactive interventions that highlighted NOS aspects, along with documentary films that portrayed NOS in context of…

  11. Identification of hamster inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter sequences that influence basal and inducible iNOS expression

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saldarriaga, Omar A.; Travi, Bruno L.; Choudhury, Goutam Ghosh; Melby, Peter C.

    2012-01-01

    IFN-γ/LPS-activated hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) macrophages express significantly less iNOS (NOS2) than activated mouse macrophages, which contributes to the hamster's susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. We determined a mechanism responsible for differences in iNOS promoter activity in hamsters and mice. The HtPP (1.2 kb) showed low basal and inducible promoter activity when compared with the mouse, and sequences within a 100-bp region (−233 to −133) of the mouse and hamster promoters influenced this activity. Moreover, within this 100 bp, we identified a smaller region (44 bp) in the mouse promoter, which recovered basal promoter activity when swapped into the hamster promoter. The mouse homolog (100-bp region) contained a cis-element for NF-IL-6 (−153/−142), which was absent in the hamster counterpart. EMSA and supershift assays revealed that the hamster sequence did not support the binding of NF-IL-6. Introduction of a functional NF-IL-6 binding sequence into the hamster promoter or its alteration in the mouse promoter revealed the critical importance of this transcription factor for full iNOS promoter activity. Furthermore, the binding of NF-IL-6 to the iNOS promoter (−153/−142) in vivo was increased in mouse cells but was reduced in hamster cells after IFN-γ/LPS stimulation. Differences in the activity of the iNOS promoters were evident in mouse and hamster cells, so they were not merely a result of species-specific differences in transcription factors. Thus, we have identified unique DNA sequences and a critical transcription factor, NF-IL-6, which contribute to the overall basal and inducible expression of hamster iNOS. PMID:22517919

  12. Cost-effectiveness of response evaluation after chemoradiation in patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer using 18F-FDG-PET-CT and/or diffusion-weighted MRI.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greuter, Marjolein Je; Schouten, Charlotte S; Castelijns, Jonas A; de Graaf, Pim; Comans, Emile Fi; Hoekstra, Otto S; de Bree, Remco; Coupé, Veerle Mh

    2017-04-11

    Considerable variation exists in diagnostic tests used for local response evaluation after chemoradiation in patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer. The yield of invasive examination under general anesthesia (EUA) with biopsies in all patients is low and it may induce substantial morbidity. We explored four response evaluation strategies to detect local residual disease in terms of diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness. We built a decision-analytic model using trial data of forty-six patients and scientific literature. We estimated for four strategies the proportion of correct diagnoses, costs concerning diagnostic instruments and the proportion of unnecessary EUA indications. Besides a reference strategy, i.e. EUA for all patients, we considered three imaging strategies consisting of 18 FDG-PET-CT, diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), or both 18 FDG-PET-CT and DW-MRI followed by EUA after a positive test. The impact of uncertainty was assessed in sensitivity analyses. The EUA strategy led to 96% correct diagnoses. Expected costs were €468 per patient whereas 89% of EUA indications were unnecessary. The DW-MRI strategy was the least costly strategy, but also led to the lowest proportion of correct diagnoses, i.e. 93%. The PET-CT strategy and combined imaging strategy were dominated by the EUA strategy due to respectively a smaller or equal proportion of correct diagnoses, at higher costs. However, the combination of PET-CT and DW-MRI had the highest sensitivity. All imaging strategies considerably reduced (unnecessary) EUA indications and its associated burden compared to the EUA strategy. Because the combined PET-CT and DW-MRI strategy costs only an additional €927 per patient, it is preferred over immediate EUA since it reaches the same diagnostic accuracy in detecting local residual disease while leading to substantially less unnecessary EUA indications. However, if healthcare resources are limited, DW-MRI is the strategy of choice because of lower

  13. CILADAS DA DIFERENÇA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antônio Flávio Pierucci

    1990-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo procura analisar os efeitos perversos da apropriação pela esquerda de um tema definidor das tradições de direita, a saber, a diferença. Com base no caso Sears (EUA e no caso Le Pen (França, o autor aponta para as armadilhas racistas e sexistas presentes nos discursos que focalizam e enfatizam a diferença, sobretudo num período histórico de reemergência dos conservadorismos que, por sua vez, se apropriam do argumento da diferença, dirigindo-o contra os próprios movimentos de esquerda.

  14. Internationalization of a portuguese food brand to London

    OpenAIRE

    Fernandes, Melissa Teresa da Silva

    2015-01-01

    Mestrado em Marketing A variedade da alimentação e dos hábitos de consumo mundiais dependiam de muitos fatores: posição social, riqueza, localização e clima. Atualmente, a comida denominada como fast food tem permeado quase todos os níveis da sociedade e culturas. Os restaurantes de fast food surgiram nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), em 1950, e junto com um enorme número de restaurantes de fast food, cafés/bares, franchisings de motéis que abriram ao longo do sistema interestadual d...

  15. Reiterando o pacto: história, teologias políticas cristãs e a religião civil americana em uma era de multiculturalismo e império

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Reinhardt

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Há 40 anos, em plena Guerra Fria, Robert Bellah concluiu seu célebre artigo sobre a religião civil americana com a seguinte pergunta: como conceber a aplicabilidade legítima dos valores-chave que suportam o imaginário nacional americano para além dos confins territoriais do seu Estado-nação? O presente artigo quer revisitar esta questão criticamente à luz de incursões regulatórias recentes dos EUA sobre o campo da liberdade religiosa no globo. Primeiramente, reviso a história da relação entre secularismo, identidade nacional e cristianismo nos EUA. A seguir, analiso as articulações político-religiosas que dão origem ao International Freedom of Religion Act (IRFA, em 1998. Por fim, tento destacar como este exercício pode fornecer contribuições mais gerais para o estudo da relação entre religião, nacionalismo e poder secular na contemporaeidade, com ênfase na relação entre estes e o princípio de soberania do estado de direito.

  16. El Humanismo jurídico en San Marcos : 1951-2003

    OpenAIRE

    Ñique de la Puente, José Antonio

    2004-01-01

    El 12 de mayo de 1551, nos honra a nosotros, sanmarquinos, con sus cuatro siglos arriba, ocasión también para realizar un balance del largo tránsito académico, científico y humanista, incluyendo desde sus orígenes como fascículo especial la enseñanza del derecho, continuada hoy con la misma fe y amor de ayer, concientes que debemos prodigarnos en esfuerzos decisivos, en todos los aspectos, en una nueva era de la humanidad, de la mundialización de los conocimientos, orientados por una filosofí...

  17. Una mirada actual del modelo ecológico de Florence Nightingale

    OpenAIRE

    Germán-Bes, Concepción

    2011-01-01

    Introducción: La celebración del centenario de Florence Nightingale y la iniciativa de la Fundación Index de la lectura continuada en voz alta, nos ha permitido reflexionar en la obra “Notas de Enfermería”, cuyo objetivo se ha centrado en los contenidos ecológicos de la misma. Método: Realizamos un “análisis de contenido” del texto buscando lo ecológico y ambiental y se han contrastado con las posibles influencias o concordancia con autores de su época y con lo que son hoy los conceptos de sa...

  18. Avaliação da força de tração em braquetes colados pela técnica indireta com diferentes sistemas de adesão Evaluation of tensile strength of brackets bonded by indirect technique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Tortamano

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a resistência à tração de braquetes ortodônticos colados pela técnica indireta e pela técnica direta convencional. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizados 50 pré-molares humanos íntegros, recém-extraídos por motivos ortodônticos. Esses dentes foram divididos em 5 grupos, nos quais foram colados braquetes ortodônticos metálicos (Abzil-Brasil com as resinas compostas ortodônticas Concise (3M-Unitek-EUA e Transbond XT (3M-Unitek-EUA - utilizadas em ambas as técnicas, direta e indireta - e Transbond Sondhi (3M-Unitek-EUA - desenvolvida exclusivamente para a técnica indireta. O grupo I (controle I foi objeto de colagem direta com Transbond XT; no grupo II (controle II procedeu-se à colagem direta com Concise o grupo III recebeu colagem indireta com Concise; o grupo IV foi submetido à colagem indireta com Transbond XT e no grupo V foi realizada colagem indireta com Transbond Sondhi. Na técnica direta, o braquete foi colado diretamente sobre o esmalte após condicionamento ácido e aplicação de adesivo. Na técnica indireta, os braquetes foram colados primeiramente sobre modelo de gesso e depois transferidos para o dente, com o auxílio de moldeira individualizada. Os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a testes de tração (Instron 4400 e os resultados foram objeto de testes estatísticos de análise de variância e de Tukey a 1%. RESULTADOS: os grupos III e V revelaram resultados significantemente menores que os dos dois grupos controles. CONCLUSÃO: a força obtida na colagem indireta com a resina Transbond XT não difere da força obtida na colagem direta com as resinas Concise e Transbond XT.AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of brackets for direct and indirect bonding techniques. METHODS: Were used 50 human premolars recently extracted for orthodontic reasons. These teeth were divided in 5 groups and metalic orthodontic brackets (Abzil-Brazil were bonded

  19. St36 electroacupuncture activates nNOS, iNOS and ATP-sensitive potassium channels to promote orofacial antinociception in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Almeida, R T; Galdino, G; Perez, A C; Silva, G; Romero, T R; Duarte, I D

    2017-02-01

    Orofacial pain is pain perceived in the face and/or oral cavity, generally caused by diseases or disorders of regional structures, by dysfunction of the nervous system, or through referral from distant sources. Treatment of orofacial pain is mainly pharmacological, but it has increased the number of reports demonstrating great clinical results with the use of non-pharmacological therapies, among them electroacupuncture. However, the mechanisms involved in the electroacupuncture are not well elucidated. Thus, the present study investigate the involvement of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and ATP sensitive K + channels (KATP) in the antinociception induced by electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoint St36. Thermal nociception was applied in the vibrissae region of rats, and latency time for face withdrawal was measured. Electrical stimulation of acupoint St36 for 20 minutes reversed the thermal withdrawal latency and this effect was maintained for 150 min. Intraperitoneal administration of specific inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and a KATP channels blocker reversed the antinociception induced by EA. Furthermore, nitrite concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, increased 4 and 3-fold higher, respectively, after EA. This study suggests that NO participates of antinociception induced by EA by nNOS, iNOS and ATP-sensitive K + channels activation.

  20. Obesity, inflammation, and exercise training: relative contribution of iNOS and eNOS in the modulation of vascular function in the mouse aorta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josiane Fernandes da Silva

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Background - The understanding of obsesity-related vascular dysfunction remains controversial mainly because of the diseases associated with vascular injury. Exercise training is known to prevent vascular dysfunction. Using an obesity model without comorbidities, we aimed at investigating the underlying mechanism of vascular dysfunction and how exercise interferes with this process.Methods - High-sugar diet was used to induce obesity in mice. Exercise training was performed 5 days/week. Body weight, energy intake, and adipose tissues were assessed; blood metabolic and hormonal parameters were determined; and serum TNFα was measured. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed by plethysmography. Changes in aortic isometric tension were recorded on myograph. Western blot was used to analyze protein expression. Nitric oxide (NO was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were used for inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS knockdown.Results - Body weight, fat mass, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction, insulin, and leptin were higher in the sedentary obese group (SD than in the sedentary control animals (SS. Exercise training prevented these changes. No difference in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and heart rate was found. Decreased vascular relaxation and reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS functioning in the SD group were prevented by exercise. Contractile response to phenylephrine was decreased in the aortas of the wild SD mice, compared with that of the SS group; however, no alteration was noted in the SD iNOS-/- animals. The decreased contractility was endothelium-dependent, and was reverted by iNOS inhibition or iNOS silencing. The aortas from the SD group showed increased basal NO production, serum TNFα, TNF receptor-1, and phospho-IκB. Exercise training attenuated iNOS-dependent reduction in contractile response in high-sugar diet

  1. Zinc regulates iNOS-derived nitric oxide formation in endothelial cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cortese-Krott, Miriam M.; Kulakov, Larissa; Opländer, Christian; Kolb-Bachofen, Victoria; Kröncke, Klaus-D.; Suschek, Christoph V.

    2014-01-01

    Aberrant production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. Mechanisms responsible for the fine-tuning of iNOS activity in inflammation are still not fully understood. Zinc is an important structural element of NOS enzymes and is known to inhibit its catalytical activity. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of zinc on iNOS activity and expression in endothelial cells. We found that zinc down-regulated the expression of iNOS (mRNA+protein) and decreased cytokine-mediated activation of the iNOS promoter. Zinc-mediated regulation of iNOS expression was due to inhibition of NF-κB transactivation activity, as determined by a decrease in both NF-κB-driven luciferase reporter activity and expression of NF-κB target genes, including cyclooxygenase 2 and IL-1β. However, zinc did not affect NF-κB translocation into the nucleus, as assessed by Western blot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. Taken together our results demonstrate that zinc limits iNOS-derived high output NO production in endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent iNOS expression, pointing to a role of zinc as a regulator of iNOS activity in inflammation. PMID:25180171

  2. High BMI levels associate with reduced mRNA expression of IL10 and increased mRNA expression of iNOS (NOS2) in human frontal cortex

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lauridsen, J K; Olesen, R H; Vendelbo, J

    2017-01-01

    analysis was performed with BMI as variable on data on IL10, IL1β, IL6, PTGS2 (COX2) and NOS2 (iNOS). Increasing BMI is associated with a decrease in the mRNA expression of IL10 (P=0.014) and an increase in the expression of NOS2 (iNOS; P=0.040). Expressions of IL10 and NOS2 (iNOS) were negatively...... correlated (PIL10 was mostly affected by individuals with BMI ⩾40. Multiple linear regression analyses with BMI, age, sex and race as variables were performed in order to identify potential confounders. In conclusion, increasing BMI could affect the IL10-mediated anti...

  3. Zinc regulates iNOS-derived nitric oxide formation in endothelial cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam M. Cortese-Krott

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Aberrant production of nitric oxide (NO by inducible NO synthase (iNOS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. Mechanisms responsible for the fine-tuning of iNOS activity in inflammation are still not fully understood. Zinc is an important structural element of NOS enzymes and is known to inhibit its catalytical activity. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of zinc on iNOS activity and expression in endothelial cells. We found that zinc down-regulated the expression of iNOS (mRNA+protein and decreased cytokine-mediated activation of the iNOS promoter. Zinc-mediated regulation of iNOS expression was due to inhibition of NF-κB transactivation activity, as determined by a decrease in both NF-κB-driven luciferase reporter activity and expression of NF-κB target genes, including cyclooxygenase 2 and IL-1β. However, zinc did not affect NF-κB translocation into the nucleus, as assessed by Western blot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. Taken together our results demonstrate that zinc limits iNOS-derived high output NO production in endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent iNOS expression, pointing to a role of zinc as a regulator of iNOS activity in inflammation.

  4. Formação continuada de professores em informática na Educação Especial: análise de dissertações e teses Teacher education for computer technology in Special Education: analysis of theses and dissertations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Alfredo Orth

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo ora apresentado tem por objetivo mapear trabalhos realizados no âmbito de dissertações e teses brasileiras que tematizam a formação continuada de professores em Informática na Educação Especial. É decorrente de uma pesquisa cujo foco investigativo era a avaliação dos cursos de formação continuada a distância de professores para a Educação Básica no Brasil. Por meio do método de revisão sistemática de Davies, apresentamos um mapeamento das dissertações e teses disponíveis no Banco de Teses da CAPES que versam sobre a temática em pauta no período de 1990 a 2009. Realizamos uma leitura flutuante dos resumos, títulos e palavras-chaves, o que permitiu selecionar três teses e 34 dissertações, que, por sua vez, foram agrupadas e discutidas a partir de quatro grandes categorias. Outras análises e categorizações permitiram identificar algumas das principais preocupações dos pesquisadores brasileiros nesse período, ao mesmo tempo em que possibilitaram inferir que há um crescimento pouco significativo em trabalhos na temática. Também é possível inferir que ainda há poucas pesquisas problematizando a formação continuada de professores (oito dissertações e o uso didático-pedagógico de recursos informáticos na educação (seis dissertações, dois aspectos fundamentais para garantir a inclusão da Diversidade de Necessidades Especiais.This study aimed to map studies done in the sphere of Brazilian theses and dissertations that focus on Computer Sciences in Special Education. This paper is one of the results of an earlier study on the evaluation of further education and distance education courses for teachers of basic education in Brazil. Using the Davies' systematic review method, we mapped Brazilian theses and dissertations available on the CAPES' Repository of Theses published between 1990 and 2009 and that related to this issue. We carried out fluctuating reading of abstracts, titles, and keywords

  5. Melanoma NOS1 expression promotes dysfunctional IFN signaling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Qiuzhen; Tomei, Sara; Ascierto, Maria Libera; De Giorgi, Valeria; Bedognetti, Davide; Dai, Cuilian; Uccellini, Lorenzo; Spivey, Tara; Pos, Zoltan; Thomas, Jaime; Reinboth, Jennifer; Murtas, Daniela; Zhang, Qianbing; Chouchane, Lotfi; Weiss, Geoffrey R; Slingluff, Craig L; Lee, Peter P; Rosenberg, Steven A; Alter, Harvey; Yao, Kaitai; Wang, Ena; Marincola, Francesco M

    2014-05-01

    In multiple forms of cancer, constitutive activation of type I IFN signaling is a critical consequence of immune surveillance against cancer; however, PBMCs isolated from cancer patients exhibit depressed STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-α, suggesting IFN signaling dysfunction. Here, we demonstrated in a coculture system that melanoma cells differentially impairs the IFN-α response in PBMCs and that the inhibitory potential of a particular melanoma cell correlates with NOS1 expression. Comparison of gene transcription and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) between melanoma cells from different patients indicated that suppression of IFN-α signaling correlates with an amplification of the NOS1 locus within segment 12q22-24. Evaluation of NOS1 levels in melanomas and IFN responsiveness of purified PBMCs from patients indicated a negative correlation between NOS1 expression in melanomas and the responsiveness of PBMCs to IFN-α. Furthermore, in an explorative study, NOS1 expression in melanoma metastases was negatively associated with patient response to adoptive T cell therapy. This study provides a link between cancer cell phenotype and IFN signal dysfunction in circulating immune cells.

  6. "The Americano Dream" ou "The American Dream": o debate contemporâneo sobre a imigração de mexicanos para os Estados Unidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celso Antônio Coelho Vaz

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo resenho o debate acadêmico suscitado nos Estados Unidos por causa dos argumentos de Huntington sobre a imigração hispânica, sobretudo a de mexicanos, para este país. Em suas obras "The Hispanic challenge" e Who are we?, Huntington argumenta que, por razões demográficas e políticas, os imigrantes mexicanos não se assimilariam ao core culture norte-americano fundado nos valores anglo-protestantes, o que dividiria os EUA em dois povos, duas culturas e duas linguagens. As pesquisas empíricas aqui resenhadas que testaram os argumentos empíricos de Huntington os negaram e os críticos teóricos destes concebem que eles são doutrinários porque expressam uma ideologia settler, bem como manifestam a teoria do conflito do pluralismo cultural e a do colonianismo interno.

  7. Expression of beta-catenin, COX-2 and iNOS in colorectal cancer: relevance of COX-2 adn iNOS inhibitors for treatment in Malaysia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hong, Seok Kwan; Gul, Yunus A; Ithnin, Hairuszah; Talib, Arni; Seow, Heng Fong

    2004-01-01

    Promising new pharmacological agents and gene therapy targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could modulate treatment of colorectal cancer in the future. The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression fo beta-catenin and teh presence of COX-2 and iNOS in colorectal cancer specimens in Malaysia. This is a useful prelude to future studies investigating interventions directed towards COX-2 adn iNOS. A cross-section study using retrospective data over a 2-year period (1999-2000) involved 101 archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of colorectal cancers that were surgically resected in a tertiary referral. COX-2 production was detected in adjacent normal tissue in 34 sample (33.7%) and in tumour tissue in 60 samples (59.4%). More tumours expressed iNOS (82/101, 81.2%) than COX-2. No iNOS expression was detected in adjacent normal tissue. Intense beta-catenin immunoreactivity at the cell-to-cell border. Poorly differentiated tumours had significantly lower total beta-catenin (p = 0.009) and COX-2 scores (p = 0.031). No significant relationships were established between pathological stage and beta-catenin, COX-2 and iNOS scores. the accumulation of beta-catenin does not seem to be sufficient to activate pathways that lead to increased COX-2 and iNOS expression. A high proportion of colorectal cancers were found to express COX-2 and a significant number produced iNOS, suggesting that their inhibitors may be potentially useful as chemotherapeutic agents in the management of colorectal cancer.

  8. High BMI levels associate with reduced mRNA expression of IL10 and increased mRNA expression of iNOS (NOS2) in human frontal cortex

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lauridsen, J K; Olesen, R H; Vendelbo, J

    2017-01-01

    unknown. Therefore we aim to examine the relationship between BMI and gene expression of central inflammatory markers in the human frontal cortex. Microarray data of 141 neurologically and psychiatrically healthy individuals were obtained through the BrainCloud database. A simple linear regression...... correlated (Plinear regression analyses with BMI, age, sex and race as variables were performed in order to identify potential confounders. In conclusion, increasing BMI could affect the IL10-mediated anti...... analysis was performed with BMI as variable on data on IL10, IL1β, IL6, PTGS2 (COX2) and NOS2 (iNOS). Increasing BMI is associated with a decrease in the mRNA expression of IL10 (P=0.014) and an increase in the expression of NOS2 (iNOS; P=0.040). Expressions of IL10 and NOS2 (iNOS) were negatively...

  9. Creación y funcionamiento de la comisión de formación continuada de las profesiones sanitarias y de su sistema acreditador The Spanish Commission of Continuing Education of the National Health System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Javier Rodríguez Gómez

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available En el contexto de la introducción de la Formación Médica Continuada (FMC sistematizada, que viene ocurriendo en los países occidentales en las últimas décadas, la implementación de un sistema de acreditación ha supuesto un avance considerable. Tal sistema, auspiciado por la Comisión de Formación Continuada del Sistema Nacional de Salud, en 1977, en España, ha supuesto un hito a nivel europeo, dado que únicamente Italia dispone de dicho sistema acreditador. El sistema español de acreditación se basa en la valoración de los Componentes Cualitativo y Cuantitativo de la actividad. El primero se valora mediante una escala cualitativa de Licker, por parte de evaluadores externos y el segundo tiene en cuenta el número de horas lectivas, convenientemente ponderado. En la actualidad, teniendo en cuenta la existencia de un marco legislativo adecuado, el futuro del sistema español de acreditación presenta unos indudables aspectos positivos, que permiten contemplar el futuro con optimismo.In the context of the Continuing Medical Education (CME systems that are being introduced in Western countries in the last decades, the implementation of a CME accreditation system is a very important step. Such a system, promoted by the Spanish Commission of Continuing Education of the National Health System in 1997, represents a crucial feature at the European level, since only Italy and Spain have the aforementioned accreditation system. The Spanish CME accreditation system is mainly based on the assessment of two core elements: the Qualitative Factor and the Quantitative Factor. The former is assessed through a qualitative Licker scale applied by external assessors. The Quantitative Factor relates to the learning hours, adequately weighted. Currently, taking into account the existence of an adequate regulatory framework, the future of the Spanish CME accreditation system can be optimistically viewed, mainly based on its positive aspects

  10. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitor pretreatment on nitric oxide production, nNOS and iNOS expression in rat cerebellum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Di Girolamo, G; Farina, M; Riberio, M L; Ogando, D; Aisemberg, J; de los Santos, A R; Martí, M L; Franchi, A M

    2003-07-01

    1. The therapeutic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is thought to be due mainly to its inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, but there is a growing body of research that now demonstrates a variety of NSAIDs effects on cellular signal transduction pathways other than those involving prostaglandins. 2. Nitric oxide (NO) as a free radical and an agent that gives rise to highly toxic oxidants (peroxynitrile, nitric dioxide, nitron ion), becomes a cause of neuronal damage and death in some brain lesions such as Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, and Huntington's chorea. 3. In the present study, the in vivo effect of three NSAIDs (lysine clonixinate (LC), indomethacine (INDO) and meloxicam (MELO)) on NO production and nitric oxide synthase expression in rat cerebellar slices was analysed. Rats were treated with (a) saline, (b) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg kg(-1), i.p.), (c) saline in combination with different doses of NSAIDs and (d) LPS in combination with different doses of NSAIDs and then killed 6 h after treatment. 4. NO synthesis, evaluated by Bred and Snyder technique, was increased by LPS. This augmentation was inhibited by coadministration of the three NSAIDs assayed. None of the NSAIDs tested was able to modify control NO synthesis. 5. Expression of iNOS and neural NOS (nNOS) was detected by Western blotting in control and LPS-treated rats. LC and INDO, but not MELO, were able to inhibit the expression of these enzymes. 6. Therefore, reduction of iNOS and nNOS levels in cerebellum may explain, in part, the anti-inflammatory effect of these NSAIDs and may also have importance in the prevention of NO-mediated neuronal injury.

  11. AVALIAÇÃO DAS PROPORÇÕES DE CÉLULAS T, B, NK E NK/T EM INDIVÍDUOS EXPOSTOS À RADIAÇÃO IONIZANTE DE 137Cs

    OpenAIRE

    Vasconcelos, Paulo Marcelo de Faria

    2006-01-01

    Introdução: As alterações biológicas tardias resultantes da exposição à radiação ionizante (RI) envolvendo o sistema imune (SI), ainda carecem de elucidação. Os acidentes radiológicos, como os de Chernobyl na Ucrânia, Tree Mile Island nos EUA e o acidente com o 137Cs no Brasil, foram experiências que permitiram avaliar os efeitos estocásticos da exposição à radiação ionizante, além da compreensão de efeitos somáticos imediatos importantes como a Síndrome Aguda da Radiação (SAR)...

  12. A fala em linhas : ausência e presença das marcas de oralidade na tradução de The Shining

    OpenAIRE

    Filgueiras, Nathália Louise Corvello

    2016-01-01

    O romance The Shining, de Stephen King, retrata os acontecimentos insólitos vividos pela família Torrance num hotel isolado nas montanhas do Colorado, EUA. A história de horror logo conquistou o público e tornou-se um bestseller, em especial após a adaptação para o cinema, com direção de Stanley Kubrick. Traduzida para o português brasileiro no mesmo ano de sua publicação nos Estados Unidos, a obra literária ganhou novas edições no Brasil desde então, embora mantendo a primeira tradução (Albu...

  13. Transformações recentes na gestão de desenvolvimento urbano: alguns exemplos internacionais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudete de Castro SILVA

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetiva apresentar o "estado da arte" da literatura sobre as recentes transformações na gestão urbana ocorridas nos países onde a globalização e os processos de descentralização têm sido notáveis. Cada estudo de caso mostra uma faceta que permite compor uma interpretação sobre as transformações da gestão urbana. São analisados os casos da França, dos EUA, Japão e Alemanha, cujas transformações são referências para pensar futuros estudos de casos brasileiros

  14. Indicadores acerca da importância do papel do professor no processo de formação continuada do aluno: um ensaio a partir da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Romualdo Santos Silva Jr.

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available A interação entre professor e aluno desempenha uma grande evolução na aprendizagem do aluno, tanto antes, quanto após o ensino médio, através da convivência de respeito entre os mesmos, tendo como consequência a ocorrência de mudança na relação cultural e profissional do aluno na sociedade. A fim de analisar e compreender esta relação durante e após o ensino médio, este ensaio buscou na literatura aspectos à luz da teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel, que pudesse promover, ou favorecer a interação de diálogo e afetividade entre os mesmos, de maneira que esta contribuísse de alguma forma, através da influência do professor na formação continuada do aluno.

  15. The market microstructure of the European Climate Exchange

    OpenAIRE

    Mizrach, Bruce; Otsubo, Yoichi

    2011-01-01

    This paper analyzes the market microstructure of the European Climate Exchange, the largest EU ETS trading venue. The ECX captures 2/3 of the screen traded market in EUA and more than 90% in CER. 2009 Trading volumes total ?22 billion and are growing, with EUA transactions doubling, and CER volume up 61%. Spreads range from ?0:02 to ?0:06 for EUA and from ?0:07 to ?0:18 for CER. Market impact estimates imply that an average trade will move the EUA market by 1.08 euro centimes and the CER mark...

  16. The protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN/DLC1/LC8) binding does not inhibit the NADPH-dependent heme reduction in nNOS, a key step in NO synthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parhad, Swapnil S.; Jaiswal, Deepa; Ray, Krishanu; Mazumdar, Shyamalava

    2016-01-01

    The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is an essential enzyme involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a potent neurotransmitter. Although previous studies have indicated that the dynein light chain 1 (DLC1) binding to nNOS could inhibit the NO synthesis, the claim is challenged by contradicting reports. Thus, the mechanism of nNOS regulation remained unclear. nNOS has a heme-bearing, Cytochrome P450 core, and the functional enzyme is a dimer. The electron flow from NADPH to Flavin, and finally to the heme of the paired nNOS subunit within a dimer, is facilitated upon calmodulin (CaM) binding. Here, we show that DLC1 binding to nNOS-CaM complex does not affect the electron transport from the reductase to the oxygenase domain. Therefore, it cannot inhibit the rate of NADPH-dependent heme reduction in nNOS, which results in L-Arginine oxidation. Also, the NO release activity does not decrease with increasing DLC1 concentration in the reaction mix, which further confirmed that DLC1 does not inhibit nNOS activity. These findings suggest that the DLC1 binding may have other implications for the nNOS function in the cell. - Highlights: • The effect of interaction of nNOS with DLC1 has been debatable with contradicting reports in literature. • Purified DLC1 has no effect on electron transport between reductase and oxygenase domain of purified nNOS-CaM. • The NO release activity of nNOS was not altered by DLC1, supporting that DLC1 does not inhibit the enzyme. • These findings suggest that the DLC1 binding may have other implications for the nNOS function in the cell.

  17. The protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN/DLC1/LC8) binding does not inhibit the NADPH-dependent heme reduction in nNOS, a key step in NO synthesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Parhad, Swapnil S. [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005 (India); Jaiswal, Deepa [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005 (India); TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21 Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075 (India); Ray, Krishanu, E-mail: krishanu@tifr.res.in [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005 (India); Mazumdar, Shyamalava, E-mail: shyamal@tifr.res.in [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005 (India)

    2016-03-25

    The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is an essential enzyme involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a potent neurotransmitter. Although previous studies have indicated that the dynein light chain 1 (DLC1) binding to nNOS could inhibit the NO synthesis, the claim is challenged by contradicting reports. Thus, the mechanism of nNOS regulation remained unclear. nNOS has a heme-bearing, Cytochrome P450 core, and the functional enzyme is a dimer. The electron flow from NADPH to Flavin, and finally to the heme of the paired nNOS subunit within a dimer, is facilitated upon calmodulin (CaM) binding. Here, we show that DLC1 binding to nNOS-CaM complex does not affect the electron transport from the reductase to the oxygenase domain. Therefore, it cannot inhibit the rate of NADPH-dependent heme reduction in nNOS, which results in L-Arginine oxidation. Also, the NO release activity does not decrease with increasing DLC1 concentration in the reaction mix, which further confirmed that DLC1 does not inhibit nNOS activity. These findings suggest that the DLC1 binding may have other implications for the nNOS function in the cell. - Highlights: • The effect of interaction of nNOS with DLC1 has been debatable with contradicting reports in literature. • Purified DLC1 has no effect on electron transport between reductase and oxygenase domain of purified nNOS-CaM. • The NO release activity of nNOS was not altered by DLC1, supporting that DLC1 does not inhibit the enzyme. • These findings suggest that the DLC1 binding may have other implications for the nNOS function in the cell.

  18. iNOS inhibits hair regeneration in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sasaki, Mari; Shinozaki, Shohei; Morinaga, Hironobu; Kaneki, Masao; Nishimura, Emi; Shimokado, Kentaro

    2018-07-02

    Previous studies have shown that androgenic alopecia is associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the detailed mechanism whereby diabetes causes alopecia still remains unclear. We focused on the inflammatory response that is caused by diabetes or obesity, given that inflammation is a risk factor for hair loss. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be upregulated under conditions of acute or chronic inflammation. To clarify the potential role of iNOS in diabetes-related alopecia, we generated obese diabetic iNOS-deficient (ob/ob; iNOS-KO mice). We observed that ob/ob; iNOS-KO mice were potentiated for the transition from telogen (rest phase) to anagen (growth phase) in the hair cycle compared with iNOS-proficient ob/ob mice. To determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the hair cycle, we administered an iNOS inhibitor intraperitoneally (compound 1400 W, 10 mg/kg) or topically (10% aminoguanidine) in ob/ob mice. We observed that iNOS inhibitors promoted anagen transition in ob/ob mice. Next, we administered an NO donor (S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO), to test whether NO has the telogen elongation effects. The NO donor was sufficient to induce telogen elongation in wild-type mice. Together, our data indicate that iNOS-derived NO plays a role in telogen elongation under the inflammatory conditions associated with diabetes in mice. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Notas sobre pentecostalismo y poder entre inmigrantes latinoamericanos en la ciudad de Newark (New Jersey, E.U.A.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Otto Maduro

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available La literatura reciente y creciente sobre el fenómeno pentecostal -al igual que una investigación en la que participo sobre iglesias latinas en Newark, la mayor ciudad del Estado de Nueva Jersey en E.U.A. - sugiere, entre otras cosas, que muchos migrantes latinoamericanos (y otros grupos e individuos negativamente privilegiados hallan en el pentecostalismo una suerte de "caja de herramientas" socio-religiosas extremadamente útiles para enfrentar y superar creativamente las dificultades inherentes a la migración, especialmente en el caso de personas aisladas migrando a lugares donde se hallan en relativa desventaja económica, cultural, lingüística, legal y/o educacional. En este corto ensayo se intenta simplemente enumerar y describir algunas de las dinámicas desencadenadas en ese encuentro entre migrantes latinoamericanos e iglesias pentecostales, que parecen repetirse de maneras análogas en distintos sitios, y que reiteradamente parecen contribuir a aumentar las posibilidades de supervivencia creativa de migrantes latinoamericanos en situación de dificultad.The recent, growing literature on Pentecostalism - as well as an ongoing research on Hispanic churches in which I am involved in Newark, the largest city in New Jersey - suggest, among other things, that many Latin American immigrants (and other groups equally negatively privileged seem to find in Pentecostalism a set of extremely useful socio-religious "toolkit" to creatively face and overcome the hurdles inherent in the migrant experience, especially in the case of isolated individuals and small groups moving into milieus where they find themselves in a particularly challenging or disadvantageous situation, be it economic, cultural, linguistic, legal and/or educational. In this brief essay, I will attempt to contextualize and describe some of the dynamics unchained through such encounters between Latin American immigrants and Pentecostal churches, especially as they occur in

  20. Los Tratados de Libre Comercio impulsados por EUA como una respuesta al fracaso de DOHA. El caso Andino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubén Flores

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available La vigencia de la división del trabajo imperante entre el norte y el sur, bajo el actual escenario de globalización económica, esta siendo modificada, por la a nueva tendencia en la que cualquier producto, (sea materia prima, manufacturado o servicio puede ser producido en muchos países y regiones gracias en primer lugar al descenso en los costos de transporte, de telecomunicaciones, laborales, ambientales, que configuran unas ventajas de localización; pero además, a que luego del fracaso de la OMC desde la Ronda del Milenio hasta la de Doha y el fallido intento de la construcción de la Zona de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA, la estrategia comercial de los EUA se ha centrado en impulsar acuerdos bilaterales de nueva generación TLC cuyo objetivo es lograr avanzar en una marco normativo que le garantice trato nacional y no discriminatorio al capital productivo extranjero (inversión extranjera, la estandarización de las normas técnicas, fitosanitarias, la defensa de los derechos de propiedad, entre otras.____________________ABSTRACT:The work division that exists between North and South, in this stage of economic globalization, it’s being modified by the new world tendency in which any product (raw materials, manufactured products or services can be produced in many countries and regions, thanks to: in first place, the lowering of transportation , telecommunications, working and environmental costs, that create localization advantages; in second place, the breakdown of the WTO since the Millennium Round to Doha Round and the failure FTTA has made that the USA commercial strategy focus on Bilateral Agreements of the new generation such as the FTA, which proposes to advance in legal issues that guaranties not to discriminate the foreign investment, the standardization of technique and sanitary and phytosanitary measures and the intellectual property rights defence, among others.

  1. EU Emission Allowances and the stock market Evidence from the electricity industry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oberndorfer, Ulrich

    2009-01-01

    This paper constitutes - to our best knowledge - the first econometric analysis on stock market effects of the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Our results suggest that EU Emission Allowance (EUA) price developments matter to the stock performance of electricity firms: EUA price changes and stock returns of the most important European electricity corporations are shown to be positively related. This effect does not work asymmetrically, so that stock markets do not seem to react differently to EUA appreciations in comparison to depreciations. The carbon market effect is shown to be both time- and country-specific: It is particularly strong for the period of EUA market shock in early 2006, and differs with respect to the countries where the electricity corporations analysed are headquartered. Stock market reactions to EUA volatility could not be shown. (author)

  2. Educação continuada em enfermagem: uma proposta metodológica Educación continuada en enfermería: una propuesta metodológica Continuing education in nursing: a methodological proposal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gizelda Monteiro da Silva

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar um estudo sobre o Programa de Educação Continuada de um Hospital de Apoio ao Ensino no município de São Paulo, tendo em vista levantar subsídios para seu aprimoramento na perspectiva interdisciplinar. Os dados foram obtidos de entrevista semi-estruturada com as coordenadoras do programa e questionário composto de questões abertas e de múltipla escolha aplicado a 100 enfermeiros do Hospital. Os resultados sugeriram reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento dos processos educativos em enfermagem, identificando desafios a superar pelo grupo. Conclui-se que para fazer da educação dos profissionais de enfermagem um processo permanente, deve-se considerar o trabalho diário como eixo do processo educativo, fonte de conhecimento e objeto de transformação que privilegia participação coletiva e interdisciplinar.Este artículo tiene el objetivo de presentar un estudio sobre el Programa de Educación Conitunada de un Hospital de apoyo a la enseñanza en el municipio de São Paulo, teniendo en cuenta levantar subsidio para su perfeccionamiento en la perspectiva interdisciplinar. Los datos fueron obtenidos de encuesta semiestructuradas con las coordinadoras del programa y cuestionario compuesto de cuestiones abiertas y de múltiple elección aplicado a 100 (cien enfermeros del Hospital. Los resultados sugerieron reflexiones sobre el desarrollo de los procesos educativos en enfermería, identificando desafios que deben ser superados por el grupo. Se concluye que para hacer de la educación de los profesionales de enfermaje un proceso permanente se debe considerar el trabajo diario como eje del proceso educativo, fuente de conocimiento y objeto de transformación que privilegia la participación colectiva e interdisciplinar.The aim of this paper is to present a study on the Continuing Education Program of a Teaching Hospital in the city of São Paulo, aiming to raise subsidies for its improvement from an

  3. The protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN/DLC1/LC8) binding does not inhibit the NADPH-dependent heme reduction in nNOS, a key step in NO synthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parhad, Swapnil S; Jaiswal, Deepa; Ray, Krishanu; Mazumdar, Shyamalava

    2016-03-25

    The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is an essential enzyme involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a potent neurotransmitter. Although previous studies have indicated that the dynein light chain 1 (DLC1) binding to nNOS could inhibit the NO synthesis, the claim is challenged by contradicting reports. Thus, the mechanism of nNOS regulation remained unclear. nNOS has a heme-bearing, Cytochrome P450 core, and the functional enzyme is a dimer. The electron flow from NADPH to Flavin, and finally to the heme of the paired nNOS subunit within a dimer, is facilitated upon calmodulin (CaM) binding. Here, we show that DLC1 binding to nNOS-CaM complex does not affect the electron transport from the reductase to the oxygenase domain. Therefore, it cannot inhibit the rate of NADPH-dependent heme reduction in nNOS, which results in l-Arginine oxidation. Also, the NO release activity does not decrease with increasing DLC1 concentration in the reaction mix, which further confirmed that DLC1 does not inhibit nNOS activity. These findings suggest that the DLC1 binding may have other implications for the nNOS function in the cell. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Significant contributing causes of cancer deaths among Hispanics in Colorado, USA, 1983-1992 Causas que contribuem para óbitos por câncer em latinos no Colorado, EUA, 1983-92

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kimberley Sweitzer

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Cancer deaths in the state of Colorado, U.S.A., totaled 53,921 between 1983 and 1992. Death certificates for this period were used to evaluate Hispanic cancer deaths by contributing causes of death and primary occupation of the decedent. The relative risks for diabetes and liver disease as contributing causes of death were significantly higher among Hispanics when compared to non-Hispanics who had also died of cancer (RR for diabetes = 1.90; 95% C.I. (1.64,2.19 and RR for liver disease = 1.44; 95% C.I. (1.23,1.68. Hispanics who had died of cancer were significantly less likely to have drug abuse as a contributing cause of death when compared to non-Hispanics (RR for drug abuse = 0.69; 95% C.I. (0.52,0.91. Laborers, service workers, and clerical workers who were Hispanic, were significantly more likely to die of cancer with either diabetes or liver disease as a contributing cause of death than were non-Hispanics in the same occupational category (pEntre 1983 e 1997, ocorreram 53.921 óbitos por câncer no Estado do Colorado, EUA. Os atestados de óbito para este período foram utilizados para avaliar as causas que contribuíram para a morte e a ocupação principal dos óbitos por câncer ocorridos em latinos neste período. Os riscos relativos para diabetes e doença hepática como causas associadas ao óbito foram significativamente maiores em latinos, comparativamente com não latinos que também faleceram com câncer (diabetes RR = 1,90; I.C. 95% 1,64-2,19; doença hepática RR = 1,44; I.C. 95% 1,23-1,68. O consumo de drogas como causa associada à morte entre latinos que faleceram por câncer aparentou ser significativamente menor que em não latinos (RR = 0,69; I.C. 95% 0,52-0,91. Operários, servidores públicos e trabalhadores de escritório de origem latina tenderam a apresentar diabetes e doença hepática como causas associadas à morte por câncer em maior freqüência, estatisticamente significativa, que não latinos nos mesmos ramos

  5. Endogenous angiotensin II modulates nNOS expression in renovascular hypertension

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T.M.C. Pereira

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Nitric oxide (NO influences renal blood flow mainly as a result of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS. Nevertheless, it is unclear how nNOS expression is modulated by endogenous angiotensin II, an inhibitor of NO function. We tested the hypothesis that the angiotensin II AT1 receptor and oxidative stress mediated by NADPH oxidase contribute to the modulation of renal nNOS expression in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C hypertensive rats. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats (150 to 170 g body weight divided into 2K1C (N = 19 and sham-operated (N = 19 groups. nNOS expression in kidneys of 2K1C hypertensive rats (N = 9 was compared by Western blotting to that of 2K1C rats treated with low doses of the AT1 antagonist losartan (10 mg·kg-1·day-1; N = 5 or the superoxide scavenger tempol (0.2 mmol·kg-1·day-1; N = 5, which still remain hypertensive. After 28 days, nNOS expression was significantly increased by 1.7-fold in the clipped kidneys of 2K1C rats and by 3-fold in the non-clipped kidneys of 2K1C rats compared with sham rats, but was normalized by losartan. With tempol treatment, nNOS expression increased 2-fold in the clipped kidneys and 1.4-fold in the non-clipped kidneys compared with sham rats. The changes in nNOS expression were not followed by changes in the enzyme activity, as measured indirectly by the cGMP method. In conclusion, AT1 receptors and oxidative stress seem to be primary stimuli for increased nNOS expression, but this up-regulation does not result in higher enzyme activity.

  6. Influência da enxertia nas trocas gasosas de dois híbridos de berinjela cultivados em ambiente protegido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brandão Filho José Usan T.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Compararam-se os efeitos da enxertia nas trocas gasosas de dois híbridos de berinjela em pé franco e enxertado. Conduziu-se um ensaio em ambiente protegido, na FCA/UNESP, em estrutura simples, tipo arco com 7 m de largura, 40 m de comprimento e 3 m de pé direito, cobertos por filme plástico de 100 micrometros. Foram utilizados os híbridos de berinjela Nápoli e Kokuyo, enxertados em porta-enxerto específico (híbrido Taibyo VF para esta espécie. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (Nápoli pé franco, Nápoli enxertada, Kokuyo pé franco e Kokuyo enxertada com dez repetições. A assimilação líquida de CO2 (A, transpiração (E, condutância estomática (g s e eficiência no uso de água (EUA, obtida pela relação (A/E, foram determinadas às 09:00; 12:00; 14:00 e 16:00 horas em um dia sem nebulosidade com fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos (FFFA de 937±126 mmol m-2 s-1, com um sistema fechado portátil de fotossíntese, IRGA, modelo LI-6200 (LI-COR. Observou-se que as plantas do híbrido Kokuyo apresentaram maiores valores para as variáveis A, E, g s e EUA que o híbrido Nápoli. A enxertia não afetou a capacidade fotossintética dos híbridos, porém, esta resultou em menores valores de E e g s nos dois híbridos, levando à maior EUA, efeito este que na prática pode resultar em menor demanda de água pelas plantas.

  7. Impacts of carbon pricing, brown coal availability and gas cost on Czech energy system up to 2050

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rečka, L.; Ščasný, M.

    2016-01-01

    A dynamic partial equilibrium model, TIMES (​The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System), is built to optimize the energy system in a post-transition European country, the Czech Republic. The impacts of overall nine scenarios on installed capacity, capital and fuel costs, air quality pollutant emission, emission of CO_2 and environmental and health damage are quantified for a period up to 2050. These scenarios are built around three different price sets of the EUA (EU allowance) to emit greenhouse gasses alongside a policy that retains the ban on brown coal mining in two Czech mines, a policy that will allow the re-opening of mining areas under this ban (i.e. within the territorial ecological limits), and a low natural gas price assumption. We found that the use of up until now dominant brown coal will be significantly reduced in each scenario, although reopening the coal mines will result in its smaller decline. With low EUA price, hard coal will become the dominant fuel in electricity generation, while nuclear will overtake this position with a 51% or even 65% share assuming the central price of EUA, or high EUA price, respectively. The low price of natural gas will result in an increasing gas share from an almost zero share recently up to about 42%. This stimulus does not however appear at all with low EUA price. Neither of these scenarios will achieve the renewable energy sources 2030 targets and only a high EUA price will lead to almost full de-carbonization of the Czech power system, with fossil fuels representing only 16% of the energy mix. The low EUA price will result in an increase in CO_2 emissions, whereas the high EUA price will reduce CO_2 emission by at least 81% compared to the 2015 reference level. Those scenarios that will result in CO_2 emission reduction will also generate ancillary benefits due to reduction in air quality emissions, on average over the entire period, at least at 38€ per t of avoided CO_2, whereas scenarios that will lead to CO_2

  8. Asiatic Acid Alleviates Hemodynamic and Metabolic Alterations via Restoring eNOS/iNOS Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poungrat Pakdeechote

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Asiatic acid is a triterpenoid isolated from Centella asiatica. The present study aimed to investigate whether asiatic acid could lessen the metabolic, cardiovascular complications in rats with metabolic syndrome (MS induced by a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HCHF diet with 15% fructose in drinking water for 12 weeks to induce MS. MS rats were treated with asiatic acid (10 or 20 mg/kg/day or vehicle for a further three weeks. MS rats had an impairment of oral glucose tolerance, increases in fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and hindlimb vascular resistance; these were related to the augmentation of vascular superoxide anion production, plasma malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α levels (p < 0.05. Plasma nitrate and nitrite (NOx were markedly high with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS expression, but dowregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS expression (p < 0.05. Asiatic acid significantly improved insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress markers, plasma TNF-α, NOx, and recovered abnormality of eNOS/iNOS expressions in MS rats (p < 0.05. In conclusion, asiatic acid improved metabolic, hemodynamic abnormalities in MS rats that could be associated with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and recovering regulation of eNOS/iNOS expression.

  9. ¿Las emociones nos distraen?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonia Pilar Pacheco-Unguetti

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available ¿Leerás este artículo hasta el final sin interrupciones? Puede que, mientras lo intentas, recibas algún mensaje de whatsapp, se abra una ventana emergente en tu ordenador con una oferta de viajes al Caribe o el cartero llame dos veces a tu puerta. También puede ser que simplemente no tengas un buen día y te resulte especialmente difícil concentrarte. Vivimos expuestos a multitud de estímulos distractores externos, algunos tan inesperados o extraños que entorpecen irremediablemente nuestra concentración en una tarea (distracción por novedad. Pero la distracción también puede tener una causa interna y cómo nos sentimos puede influir en cuánto nos distraemos.

  10. Contribution of the nos-pdt operon to virulence phenotypes in methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    April M Sapp

    Full Text Available Nitric oxide (NO is emerging as an important regulator of bacterial stress resistance, biofilm development, and virulence. One potential source of endogenous NO production in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is its NO-synthase (saNOS enzyme, encoded by the nos gene. Although a role for saNOS in oxidative stress resistance, antibiotic resistance, and virulence has been recently-described, insights into the regulation of nos expression and saNOS enzyme activity remain elusive. To this end, transcriptional analysis of the nos gene in S. aureus strain UAMS-1 was performed, which revealed that nos expression increases during low-oxygen growth and is growth-phase dependent. Furthermore, nos is co-transcribed with a downstream gene, designated pdt, which encodes a prephenate dehydratase (PDT enzyme involved in phenylalanine biosynthesis. Deletion of pdt significantly impaired the ability of UAMS-1 to grow in chemically-defined media lacking phenylalanine, confirming the function of this enzyme. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the operon organization of nos-pdt appears to be unique to the staphylococci. As described for other S. aureus nos mutants, inactivation of nos in UAMS-1 conferred sensitivity to oxidative stress, while deletion of pdt did not affect this phenotype. The nos mutant also displayed reduced virulence in a murine sepsis infection model, and increased carotenoid pigmentation when cultured on agar plates, both previously-undescribed nos mutant phenotypes. Utilizing the fluorescent stain 4-Amino-5-Methylamino-2',7'-Difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM diacetate, decreased levels of intracellular NO/reactive nitrogen species (RNS were detected in the nos mutant on agar plates. These results reinforce the important role of saNOS in S. aureus physiology and virulence, and have identified an in vitro growth condition under which saNOS activity appears to be upregulated. However, the significance of the operon organization of nos-pdt and

  11. Expression profiles of eNOS, iNOS and microRNA-27b in the corpus cavernosum of rats submitted to chronic alcoholism and Diabetes mellitus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cunha, Joao Paulo da; Lizarte, Fermino Sanches; Novais, Paulo Cezar; Gattas, Daniela; Carvalho, Camila Albuquerque Mello de; Tirapelli, Daniela Pretti da Cunha; Molina, Carlos Augusto Fernandes; Tirapelli, Luis Fernando; Tucci, Silvio

    2017-01-01

    To evaluate the expression of endothelial and inducible NOS in addition to the miRNA-27b in the corpus cavernosum and peripheral blood of healthy rats, diabetic rats, alcoholic rats and rats with both pathologies. Forty eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), alcoholic (A), diabetic (D) and alcoholic-diabetic (AD). Samples of the corpus cavernosum were prepared to study protein expressions of eNOS and iNOS by immunohistochemistry and expression of miRNA-27b in the corpus cavernosum and peripheral blood. Immunohistochemistry for eNOS and iNOS showed an increase in cavernosal smooth muscle cells in the alcoholic, diabetic and alcoholic-diabetic groups when compared with the control group. Similarly, the mRNA levels for eNOS were increased in cavernosal smooth muscle (CSM) in the alcoholic, diabetic and alcoholic-diabetic groups and miRNA-27b were decreased in CSM in the alcoholic, diabetic and alcoholic-diabetic groups. The major new finding of our study was an impairment of relaxation of cavernosal smooth muscle in alcoholic, diabetic, and alcoholic-diabetic rats that involved a decrease in the nitric oxide pathway by endothelium-dependent mechanisms accompanied by a change in the corpus cavernosum contractile sensitivity.

  12. Marketing plan NOS: introducing pay per view

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira, Pedro Azeredo

    2016-01-01

    NOS, NOS Comunicações S.A., is a private telecommunications company of the portuguese market which is proud of being the “best communications and entertainment company in the market”. The company was born from a fusion between two of the biggest communications corporations in the country: on the fixed service (TV, fixed phone, fixed internet, etc.) from ZON; and on the mobile service (mobile phone, internet, etc.) from Optimus. It is a leader in all the sectors it operates. Bes...

  13. Changes of serum NO/iNOS after whole abdominal irradiation in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin Hong; Wu Wei; Zhang Kunhe; Chen Jiang; Wang Yang; Luo Hui; Huang Xiaoqing

    2004-01-01

    Objective: To observe the changes of serum NO/NOS concentrations in rats after whole abdominal irradiation and their relationships with intestinal radiation injury. Methods: Thirty health rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, irradiation control group, and IgY protection group. The sera of rats were collected and the NO and iNOS were assayed. Results: NO and iNOS levels increased evidently in the irradiation control group in contrast with those of the normal control group (P<0.01). NO and iNOS levels increased slightly in the IgY protection group in contrast with the irradiation control group (P<0.01) and were close to the levels of the normal control group. The changes of NO and NOS concentrations were synchronous. Conclusion: NO and iNOS are good indices for detecting intestinal radiation injury. (authors)

  14. Expression analysis of NOS family and HSP genes during thermal stress in goat ( Capra hircus)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yadav, Vijay Pratap; Dangi, Satyaveer Singh; Chouhan, Vikrant Singh; Gupta, Mahesh; Dangi, Saroj K.; Singh, Gyanendra; Maurya, Vijay Prakash; Kumar, Puneet; Sarkar, Mihir

    2016-03-01

    Approximately 50 genes other than heat shock protein (HSP) expression changes during thermal stress. These genes like nitric oxide synthase (NOS) need proper attention and investigation to find out their possible role in the adaptation to thermal stress in animals. So, the present study was undertaken to demonstrate the expressions of inducible form type II NOS (iNOS), endothelial type III NOS (eNOS), constitutively expressed enzyme NOS (cNOS), HSP70, and HSP90 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during different seasons in Barbari goats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunocytochemistry were applied to investigate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, protein expression, and immunolocalization of examined factors. The mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS, eNOS, cNOS, HSP70, and HSP90 were significantly higher ( P goats.

  15. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL - Currents

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have currents data. *These services are for testing and evaluation use...

  16. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL - Wind

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have wind data. *These services are for testing and evaluation use only*...

  17. Evolução dos preços de insumos e valores de mão-de-obra para produção de cana-de-açúcar na região Centro-Sul Tradicional: safra 2014/15 = Evolution of agricultural inputs prices and labor value for production of sugarcane in the Traditional Center-South region: harvest 2014/15

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Bigaton

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available O levantamento de preços de insumos agrícolas – principais produtos utilizados na produção de cana de açúcar - e valor de mão de obra, realizado pelo Programa de Educação Continuada em Economia e Gestão de Empresas – PECEGE, para a safra 2014/2015, evidenciou a importância dos itens analisados na variação dos custos de fornecedores de cana. Apesar da classe de corretivos ter sido a que apresentou maior variação de preços (160%, foi a classe de fertilizantes que gerou maior impacto nos custos com insumos (R$0,30/ton. Já para o item mão de obra, apesar da variação positiva nos preços ocasionada pelo reajuste salarial, a variação nos custos de produção foi negativa, indicando possível redução de quadro de funcionários em detrimento do aumento de mecanização da lavoura. Para a safra 2015/2016, há expectativa de que a queda dos preços internacionais dos derivados de petróleo amenize os impactos da valorização cambial, a qual tem grande influência nos preços dos insumos, principalmente sobre a classe de fertilizantes. = The research of agricultural input prices - main products used in the production of sugar cane - and labor value, conducted by Programa de Educação Continuada em Economia e Gestão de Empresas – PECEGE, for the 2014/2015 crop, highlighted the importance of the items analyzed in the variation of sugarcane suppliers costs. Despite the class of lime have been presented the highest price variation (160%, was the class of fertilizers that generated greater impact on input costs (R$ 0.30/ton. As for the labor item, despite the positive variation in prices caused by the salary increase, the variation in production costs was negative, indicating possible reduction of staff due to of increased mechanization of farming. For the 2015/2016 crop, there is expectation that the fall in international prices of petroleum mitigates the impact of currency appreciation, which has great influence on prices of

  18. iNOS Activity Modulates Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Tissue Fibrosis in Polyether-Polyurethane Synthetic Implants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cassini-Vieira, Puebla; Araújo, Fernanda Assis; da Costa Dias, Filipi Leles; Russo, Remo Castro; Andrade, Silvia Passos; Teixeira, Mauro Martins; Barcelos, Luciola Silva

    2015-01-01

    There is considerable interest in implantation techniques and scaffolds for tissue engineering and, for safety and biocompatibility reasons, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis need to be determined. The contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of the foreign body reaction induced by subcutaneous implantation of a synthetic matrix was never investigated. Here, we examined the role of iNOS in angiogenesis, inflammation, and collagen deposition induced by polyether-polyurethane synthetic implants, using mice with targeted disruption of the iNOS gene (iNOS(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice. The hemoglobin content and number of vessels were decreased in the implants of iNOS(-/-) mice compared to WT mice 14 days after implantation. VEGF levels were also reduced in the implants of iNOS(-/-) mice. In contrast, the iNOS(-/-) implants exhibited an increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. However, no alterations were observed in levels of CXCL1 and CCL2, chemokines related to neutrophil and macrophage migration, respectively. Furthermore, the implants of iNOS(-/-) mice showed boosted collagen deposition. These data suggest that iNOS activity controls inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in polyether-polyurethane synthetic implants and that lack of iNOS expression increases foreign body reaction to implants in mice.

  19. Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 Effects on eNOS and microRNA 155.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xinwen; Liang, Yan; Shi, Jian; Zhu, Hao-Jie; Bleske, Barry E

    2018-04-16

    Increased expression of microRNA 155 (miR-155) results in a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and impaired endothelial function. Factors that have been shown to increase expression of miR-155 may be mitigated by WS 1442, an extract of hawthorn leaves and flowers ( Crataegus special extract) that contains a range of pharmacologically active substances including oligomeric proanthocyanidins and flavonoids. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of WS 1442 on the expression of miR-155 and eNOS in the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α ). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were studied after the exposure to TNF- α , with or without simvastatin (positive control) and WS 1442. The expression levels of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, and miR-155 in the different HUVEC treatment groups were determined by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. To evaluate the effect of WS 1442 on the eNOS activity, the medium and intracellular nitrate/nitrite (NO) concentrations were also analyzed using a colorimetric Griess assay kit. The results demonstrated that TNF- α upregulated miR-155 expression and decreased eNOS expression and NO concentrations. WS 1442 also increased miR-155 expression and decreased eNOS expression but, unlike TNF- α , increased phosphorylated eNOS expression and NO concentrations. Surprisingly, WS 1442 increased miR-155 expression; however, WS 1442 mitigated the overall negative effect of miR-155 on decreasing eNOS expression by increasing expression of phosphorylated eNOS and resulting in an increase in NO concentrations. In the setting where miR-155 may be expressed, WS 1442 may offer vascular protection by increasing the expression of phosphorylated eNOS. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  20. eNOS-uncoupling in age-related erectile dysfunction

    OpenAIRE

    Johnson, JM; Bivalacqua, TJ; Lagoda, GA; Burnett, AL; Musicki, B

    2011-01-01

    Aging is associated with ED. Although age-related ED is attributed largely to increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in the penis, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully defined. We evaluated whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in the aged rat penis is a contributing mechanism. Correlatively, we evaluated the effect of replacement with eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) on erectile function in the aged rats. Male Fischer 344 ...

  1. Penser Système : Découvrir nos modèles d'organisation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bryan, B.; Goodman, M.; Schaveling, J.

    2011-01-01

    Pourquoi le travail s’accumule-t-il sur nos bureaux alors que nous travaillons de plus en plus? Parfois « nos solutions » aggravent nos problèmes. Comment pouvons-nous éviter ces paradoxes ? Penser système donne de nouvelles perspectives dans des situations complexes. Cela vous permettra de

  2. The effect of high protein diet and exercise on irisin, eNOS, and iNOS expressions in kidney.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tastekin, Ebru; Palabiyik, Orkide; Ulucam, Enis; Uzgur, Selda; Karaca, Aziz; Vardar, Selma Arzu; Yilmaz, Ali; Aydogdu, Nurettin

    2016-08-01

    Long-term effects of high protein diets (HPDs) on kidneys are still not sufficiently studied. Irisin which increases oxygen consumption and thermogenesis in white fat cells was shown in skeletal muscles and many tissues. Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. We aimed to investigate the effects of HPD, irisin and NO expression in kidney and relation of them with exercise and among themselves. Animals were grouped as control, exercise, HPD and exercise combined with HPD (exercise-HPD). Rats were kept on a HPD for 5 weeks and an exercise program was given them as 5 exercise and 2 rest days per week exercising on a treadmill with increasing speed and angle. In our study, while HPD group had similar total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels with control group, exercise and exercise-HPD groups had lower levels (p highly selective and quite clear in this study. Effects of exercise and HPD on kidney should be evaluated with different exercise protocols and contents of the diet. İrisin, eNOS, and iNOS staining localizations should be supported with various research studies.

  3. Promoção da saúde ocular e prevenção precoce de problemas visuais nos serviços de saúde pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Maria Girotti Sperandio

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em relação às ações básicas de saúde ocular de pediatras e enfermeiros de serviços de saúde pública. MÉTODO: A população estudada constituiu-se de pediatras e enfermeiros que trabalhavam nos centros de saúde do Município de Campinas, SP - Brasil, e atuavam com crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade. As informações sobre conhecimento, atitudes e práticas foram colhidas através de questionários (para os pediatras e de formulários (para os enfermeiros. RESULTADOS: A execução das ações básicas de saúde ocular em crianças não fazia parte da rotina de atividades dos pediatras e enfermeiros, provavelmente devido ao pouco conhecimento dessas ações. Dos 61 pediatras, 82,0% (50 e 91,0% dos 22 enfermeiros não souberam referir a idade em que se completa o desenvolvimento visual. Em relação à ambliopia, 86,8% (53 dos pediatras e 100,0% dos enfermeiros não souberam defini-la. CONCLUSÕES: A promoção da saúde ocular e a prevenção precoce de problemas visuais em crianças não representava uma prática constante desses profissionais vinculados aos serviços de saúde pública. Recomenda-se que se realize treinamentos e educação continuada na área de saúde ocular durante e após a formação universitária desses profissionais.

  4. Promoção da saúde ocular e prevenção precoce de problemas visuais nos serviços de saúde pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sperandio Ana Maria Girotti

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em relação às ações básicas de saúde ocular de pediatras e enfermeiros de serviços de saúde pública. MÉTODO: A população estudada constituiu-se de pediatras e enfermeiros que trabalhavam nos centros de saúde do Município de Campinas, SP - Brasil, e atuavam com crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade. As informações sobre conhecimento, atitudes e práticas foram colhidas através de questionários (para os pediatras e de formulários (para os enfermeiros. RESULTADOS: A execução das ações básicas de saúde ocular em crianças não fazia parte da rotina de atividades dos pediatras e enfermeiros, provavelmente devido ao pouco conhecimento dessas ações. Dos 61 pediatras, 82,0% (50 e 91,0% dos 22 enfermeiros não souberam referir a idade em que se completa o desenvolvimento visual. Em relação à ambliopia, 86,8% (53 dos pediatras e 100,0% dos enfermeiros não souberam defini-la. CONCLUSÕES: A promoção da saúde ocular e a prevenção precoce de problemas visuais em crianças não representava uma prática constante desses profissionais vinculados aos serviços de saúde pública. Recomenda-se que se realize treinamentos e educação continuada na área de saúde ocular durante e após a formação universitária desses profissionais.

  5. Phenotyping of nNOS neurons in the postnatal and adult female mouse hypothalamus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chachlaki, Konstantina; Malone, Samuel A; Qualls-Creekmore, Emily; Hrabovszky, Erik; Münzberg, Heike; Giacobini, Paolo; Ango, Fabrice; Prevot, Vincent

    2017-10-15

    Neurons expressing nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) and thus capable of synthesizing NO play major roles in many aspects of brain function. While the heterogeneity of nNOS-expressing neurons has been studied in various brain regions, their phenotype in the hypothalamus remains largely unknown. Here we examined the distribution of cells expressing nNOS in the postnatal and adult female mouse hypothalamus using immunohistochemistry. In both adults and neonates, nNOS was largely restricted to regions of the hypothalamus involved in the control of bodily functions, such as energy balance and reproduction. Labeled cells were found in the paraventricular, ventromedial, and dorsomedial nuclei as well as in the lateral area of the hypothalamus. Intriguingly, nNOS was seen only after the second week of life in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). The most dense and heavily labeled population of cells was found in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OV) and the median preoptic nucleus (MEPO), where most of the somata of the neuroendocrine neurons releasing GnRH and controlling reproduction are located. A great proportion of nNOS-immunoreactive neurons in the OV/MEPO and ARH were seen to express estrogen receptor (ER) α. Notably, almost all ERα-immunoreactive cells of the OV/MEPO also expressed nNOS. Moreover, the use of EYFP Vglut2 , EYFP Vgat , and GFP Gad67 transgenic mouse lines revealed that, like GnRH neurons, most hypothalamic nNOS neurons have a glutamatergic phenotype, except for nNOS neurons of the ARH, which are GABAergic. Altogether, these observations are consistent with the proposed role of nNOS neurons in physiological processes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. A BNCC em discussão na formação continuada de professores de Educação Física: um relato de experiência – Natal/RN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dianne Cristina Souza de Sena

    2016-11-01

    Após o lançamento do Portal da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC e a abertura para contribuições, uma proposta de cronograma em nível estadual, foi estabelecida para que o estado do Rio Grande do Norte e seus municípios pudessem se organizar, no intuito de mobilizar seus educadores, estimulando-os a contribuir na construção deste documento. Buscando atender estas demandas, propomos, enquanto grupo de assessoramento pedagógico da equipe de Educação Física da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Natal, o Fórum de Discussão sobre a BNCC através do programa de Formação Continuada para professores em exercício desta Secretaria. Assim, o Fórum objetivou realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre a BNCC além de trazer o professor como colaborador desta construção democrática. Nesse sentido, articulamos com o corpo docente do Departamento de Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte que ocorreu em novembro de 2015 apresentado neste Relato de Experiência.

  7. Angiotensin II blockade causes acute renal failure in eNOS-deficient mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jürgen Schnermann

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available Compared with wild-type mice, adult endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS knockout mice (eight months of age have increased blood pressure (BP (126±9 mmHg vs. 100±4 mmHg, and an increased renal vascular resistance (155±16 vs. 65±4 mmHg.min/ml. Renal vascular resistance responses to i.v. administration of noradrenaline were markedly enhanced in eNOS knockout mice. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR of anaesthetised eNOS -/- mice was 324±57 µl/min gKW, significantly lower than the GFR of 761±126 µl/min.gKW in wild-type mice. AT1-receptor blockade with i.v. candesartan (1—1.5 mg/kg reduced arterial blood pressure and renal vascular resistance, and increased renal blood flow (RBF to about the same extent in wild-type and eNOS -/- mice. Candesartan did not alter GFR in wild-type mice (761±126 vs. 720±95 µl/min.gKW, but caused a marked decrease in GFR in eNOS -/- mice (324.5±75.2 vs. 77±18 µl/min.gKW. A similar reduction in GFR of eNOS deficient mice was also caused by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibition. Afferent arteriolar granularity, a measure of renal renin expression, was found to be reduced in eNOS -/- compared with wild-type mice. In chronically eNOS-deficient mice, angiotensin II (Ang II is critical for maintaining glomerular filtration pressure and GFR, presumably through its effect on efferent arteriolar tone.

  8. Outcome after BCG treatment for urinary bladder cancer may be influenced by polymorphisms in the NOS2 and NOS3 genes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ryk, Charlotta; Koskela, Lotta Renström; Thiel, Tomas; Wiklund, N Peter; Steineck, Gunnar; Schumacher, Martin C; de Verdier, Petra J

    2015-12-01

    Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-treatment is an established treatment for bladder cancer, but its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. High-risk non-muscle invasive bladder-cancer (NMIBC)-patients failing to respond to BCG-treatment have worse prognosis than those undergoing immediate radical cystectomy and identification of patients at risk for BCG-failure is of high priority. Several studies indicate a role for nitric oxide (NO) in the cytotoxic effect that BCG exerts on bladder cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether NO-synthase (NOS)-gene polymorphisms, NOS2-promoter microsatellite (CCTTT)n, and the NOS3-polymorphisms-786T>C (rs2070744) and Glu298Asp (rs1799983), can serve as possible molecular markers for outcome after BCG-treatment for NMIBC. All NMIBC-patients from a well-characterized population based cohort were analyzed (n=88). Polymorphism data were combined with information from 15-years of clinical follow-up. The effect of BCG-treatment on cancer-specific death (CSD), recurrence and progression in patients with varying NOS-genotypes were studied using Cox proportional hazard-models and log rank tests. BCG-treatment resulted in significantly better survival in patients without (Log rank: p=0.006; HR: 0.12, p=0.048), but not in patients with a long version ((CCTTT)n ≧13 repeats) of the NOS2-promoter microsatellite. The NOS3-rs2070744(TT) and rs1799983(GG)-genotypes showed decreased risk for CSD (Log rank(TT): p=0.001; Log rank(GG): p=0.010, HR(GG): 0.16, p=0.030) and progression (Log rank(TT): p<0.001, HR(TT): 0.05, p=0.005; Log rank(GG): p<0.001, HR(GG): 0.10, p=0.003) after BCG-therapy compared to the other genotypes. There was also a reduction in recurrence in BCG-treated patients that was mostly genotype independent. Analysis of combined genotypes identified a subgroup of 30% of the BCG-treated patients that did not benefit from BCG-treatment. Our results suggest that the investigated polymorphisms influence patient response

  9. Exposure to diesel exhaust up-regulates iNOS expression in ApoE knockout mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bai Ni; Kido, Takashi; Kavanagh, Terrance J.; Kaufman, Joel D.; Rosenfeld, Michael E.; Breemen, Cornelis van; Eeden, Stephan F. van

    2011-01-01

    Traffic related particulate matter air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular events; however, the biological mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesize that diesel exhaust (DE) inhalation induces up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is known to contribute to vascular dysfunction, progression of atherosclerosis and ultimately cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Methods: ApoE knockout mice (30-week) were exposed to DE (at 200 μg/m 3 of particulate matter) or filtered-air (control) for 7 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). iNOS expression in the blood vessels and heart was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis. To examine iNOS activity, thoracic aortae were mounted in a wire myograph, and vasoconstriction stimulated by phenylephrine (PE) was measured with and without the presence of the specific inhibitor for iNOS (1400 W). NF-κB (p65) activity was examined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of iNOS and NF-κB (p65) was determined by real-time PCR. Results: DE exposure significantly enhanced iNOS expression in the thoracic aorta (4-fold) and heart (1.5 fold). DE exposure significantly attenuated PE-stimulated vasoconstriction by ∼ 20%, which was partly reversed by 1400 W. The mRNA expression of iNOS and NF-κB was significantly augmented after DE exposure. NF-κB activity was enhanced 2-fold after DE inhalation, and the augmented NF-κB activity was positively correlated with iNOS expression (R 2 = 0.5998). Conclusions: We show that exposure to DE increases iNOS expression and activity possibly via NF-κB-mediated pathway. We suspect that DE exposure-caused up-regulation of iNOS contributes to vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis, which could ultimately lead to urban air pollution-associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. - Highlights: → Exposed ApoE knockout mice (30-week) to diesel exhaust (DE) for 7 weeks. → Examine iNOS expression and activity in the blood vessels and heart. → DE exposure

  10. Envolvimento nos direitos humanos e sistemas de valores

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira,Cícero; Ribeiro,Ana Raquel Correia; Cardoso,Sandro José

    2004-01-01

    Com base no modelo da análise quantitativa das representações sociais, o estudo (N = 300) tratou do posicionamento de estudantes universitários em relação aos Direitos Humanos (DHs) e à ancoragem social desse posicionamento nos sistemas de valores dos estudantes. Os resultados mostram que as representações dos estudantes sobre o envolvimento nos DHs envolvem quatro princípios organizadores: pessoal-abstrato; pessoal-concreto; governamental-abstrato; governamental-concreto. Em relação à ancora...

  11. Formação docente nos Estados Unidos: aliança conservadora e seus conflitos na atual reforma educacional norte-americana Teacher education in the United States: the conservative alliance and its conflicts on the current educational reform in the U.S.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Júlio Emílio Diniz-Pereira

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o atual processo de reforma educacional nos Estados Unidos e da implantação de mudanças na formação docente desse país, à luz das análises dos professores Michael Apple e Kenneth Zeichner. A principal tese defendida neste texto é de que alianças conservadoras, percebidas por Apple e que vêm sendo estabelecidas na reforma da educação como um todo nos EUA, são mais complexas de serem reproduzidas na implementação de mudanças na formação docente desse país, conforme análise apresentada por Zeichner. Não é propósito deste texto fazer uma análise do tipo " educação comparada" com a reforma educacional e da formação de professores no Brasil. Todavia, o leitor poderá perceber uma série de semelhanças - e também diferenças - entre o que vem acontecendo no vizinho do norte e a realidade do nosso país.The goal of this article is to discuss the current educational reform in the United States and the implementation of changes on teacher education at this country, based upon Michael Apple's and Kenneth Zeichner's analyses. The core idea defended by this paper is that conservative alliances, as they have been portrayed by Apple, and which have been created during this educational reform in the US, are harder to be reproduced for the implementation of changes on its teacher education programs, as Zeichner has pointed out. This paper does not intend to present a sort of comparative education analysis with the current Brazilian educational and teacher education reforms. However, the reader of this paper might realize a set of similarities - and differences as well - between these two countries in terms of their educational and teacher education reforms.

  12. Overlapping Nuclear Safety Control Provisions of the Atomic Energy Act and Electric Utility Act

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chang, Gun-Hyun; Kim, Sang-Won; Koh, Jae-Dong; Ahn, Hyung-Joon; Kim, Chang-Bum

    2007-01-01

    Before May 17, 2005, Korea's nuclear power plant (hereinafter referred to as 'NNP') regulation system was two-pronged. Every NPP system consists of primary or secondary system, and each type was respectively regulated by the Atomic Energy Act(hereinafter referred to as 'AEA') and the Electric Utility Act(hereinafter referred to as 'EUA'). This unusual regulatory regime gave rise to a number of problems with respect to operation and safety. For this reason, the Enforcement Regulation of AEA and applicable Notice were revised on May 17, 2005 to the effect that all regulation on NPPs subject to EUA was brought under the purview of AEA, except regulation on business license for nuclear power generation under Article 7 of EUA and approval of plan of works for setting up electric installations (hereinafter referred to as 'construction plan') (including approval of any changes; the same shall apply hereinafter) under Article 61 thereof. From the point of view of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the regulation of NPPs by a single law has enhanced their safety. However, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy retains regulatory authority regarding NPPs. It reviews and approves construction plans for secondary system pursuant to Article 61 of EUA and Article 28 of the Enforcement Regulation thereof. This situation arose because Article 28 of the Enforcement Regulation of EUA continues to provide for matters related with nuclear power. Therefore, continued control of NPPs under EUA ignores the relationship and respective nature of AEA and EUA. There is also possibility of violation of a superseding law. Even if said provision is not in violation of a superseding law, Article 28 of the Enforcement Regulation of EUA poses the possibility of overlapping regulation, which may violate the principle of prohibiting excessive regulation, one of the principles of the Korean Constitution. Assessment of the dual regulatory system for review of secondary system requires (i

  13. Circulating Blood eNOS Contributes to the Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure and Nitrite Homeostasis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wood, Katherine C.; Cortese-Krott, Miriam M.; Kovacic, Jason C.; Noguchi, Audrey; Liu, Virginia B.; Wang, Xunde; Raghavachari, Nalini; Boehm, Manfred; Kato, Gregory J.; Kelm, Malte; Gladwin, Mark T.

    2013-01-01

    Objective Mice genetically deficient in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS−/−) are hypertensive with lower circulating nitrite levels, indicating the importance of constitutively produced nitric oxide (NO•) to blood pressure regulation and vascular homeostasis. While the current paradigm holds that this bioactivity derives specifically from expression of eNOS in endothelium, circulating blood cells also express eNOS protein. A functional red cell eNOS that modulates vascular NO• signaling has been proposed. Approach and Results To test the hypothesis that blood cells contribute to mammalian blood pressure regulation via eNOS-dependent NO• generation, we cross-transplanted WT and eNOS−/− mice, producing chimeras competent or deficient for eNOS expression in circulating blood cells. Surprisingly, we observed a significant contribution of both endothelial and circulating blood cell eNOS to blood pressure and systemic nitrite levels, the latter being a major component of the circulating NO• reservoir. These effects were abolished by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME and repristinated by the NOS substrate L-Arginine, and were independent of platelet or leukocyte depletion. Mouse erythrocytes were also found to carry an eNOS protein and convert 14C-Arginine into 14C-Citrulline in a NOS-dependent fashion. Conclusions These are the first studies to definitively establish a role for a blood borne eNOS, using cross transplant chimera models, that contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and nitrite homeostasis. This work provides evidence suggesting that erythrocyte eNOS may mediate this effect. PMID:23702660

  14. Energy Usage Analysis System

    Data.gov (United States)

    General Services Administration — The EUAS application is a web based system which serves Energy Center of Expertise, under the Office of Facilitates Management and Service Programs. EUAS is used for...

  15. Formação de professores e educadores para abordagem da educação sexual na escola: o que mostram as pesquisas Background of teachers and educators for approach to sexual education at schools: what research works show

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Célia Pinheiro da Silva

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo estuda as produções de pós-graduação brasileiras sobre formação de professores/ educadores para o trabalho com Educação Sexual nos vários níveis escolares, com objetivo de conhecer e apontar as principais tendências dessa produção. A metodologia baseou-se na pesquisa do estado da arte, identificando 65 teses e dissertações que são descritas e analisadas, entre outros itens, quanto aos modelos de formação inicial e continuada, características e concepções/representações dos profissionais, elementos teóricos, históricos e curriculares tratados nas pesquisas. Resultados apontam profissionais despreparado,s tanto na formação inicial quanto na continuada.This paper deals with Brazilian postgraduate research outcomes on teachers and educators training to approach sexual education at school, aiming to know and point out its main tendencies. The methodology used in the study was the state of the art research, through the identification of 65 thesis and master degrees' dissertations which are described and analyzed, according to initial and continuous teacher's forming models; professional's features and conceptions/representations; theoretical, historical and curricular elements studied in these researches. Research outcomes show unprepared professionals in term of initial formation as well as continuous schooling.

  16. Macrophages activate iNOS signaling in adventitial fibroblasts and contribute to adventitia fibrosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Guannan; Li, Xiaodong; Sheng, Chengyu; Chen, Xiaohui; Chen, Yu; Zhu, Dingliang; Gao, Pingjin

    2016-12-30

    A large amount of NO is generated through the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway from the vascular adventitia in various vascular diseases. However, it is currently not fully understood how the iNOS signaling pathway is activated. In the present study, this question was addressed in the context of adventitial cellular interactions. A rat model of acute hypertension in the contralateral carotid arteries was established through transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. In this model, activated macrophages were found surrounded by a large quantity of iNOS-expressing adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), suggesting a possible causal relationship between macrophages and iNOS activation of the neighboring AFs. In an in vitro model, a macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7 was first activated by LPS treatment. The supernatant was then harvested and applied to treat primary rat AFs. iNOS in AFs was activated robustly by the supernatant treatment but not by LPS itself. Treating AFs with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) also activated iNOS signaling, suggesting that the IL-1β pathway might be a possible mediator. As a consequence of the iNOS activation, total protein nitration and S-nitrosylation significantly increased in those AFs. Additionally, increased deposition of type I and type III collagens was observed in both in vitro and in vivo models. The collagen deposition was partially restored by an iNOS inhibitor, 1400 W. These findings highlight the importance of iNOS signaling during vascular inflammation, and advance our understanding of its activation through a cellular interaction perspective. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Association between nucleotide mutation of eNOS gene and serum ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Various mutation on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs) gene cause reduced production of NO, the expansion factor (VEF) and may accelerate the process of atherosclerosis. The study was designed to investigate the frequency of T-786C polymorphism of the gene or nucleotide mutation of eNOS gene in patients ...

  18. Mammography and Pap test screening among low-income foreign-born Hispanic women in the USA Mamografia e teste Papanicolau em mulheres latinas de baixa renda nos Estados Unidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria E. Fernandez

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Little is known about the factors influencing screening among low-income Hispanic women particularly among recent immigrants. A sample of 148 low-income, low-literate, foreign-born Hispanic women residing in the Washington DC metropolitan area participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 46.2 (SD = 11.5, 84% reported annual household incomesEste estudo determinou os fatores que influenciam a conduta de mulheres latinas de baixa renda nos EUA, em face do monitoramento pela mamografia (MM e por meio do teste de Papanicolau (TP, em uma amostra de 148 mulheres latinas, residentes na região metropolitana de Washington DC. A idade média na amostra foi de 46,2 anos (desvio padrão 11,5, e 84% relatavam renda familiar anual menor que quinze mil dólares. Todas as mulheres falavam espanhol e apresentavam níveis reduzidos de aculturação; 96% destas informavam ter realizado TP, mas 24% não relatavam adesão às normas recomendadas de rastreamento. Entre aquelas com quarenta anos ou mais, 62% haviam realizado MM, mas somente 33% de acordo com as normas de rotina. A freqüência de conceitos equivocados sobre o câncer neste grupo de mulheres foi maior que a observada para mulheres latinas em outros estudos. Modelos logísticos multivariados para variáveis correlacionadas à conduta no rastreamento pelo TP e MM indicam que fatores como o medo do teste, vergonha e desconhecimento tiveram influência. Concluiu-se que as mulheres nesse estudo apresentaram menor freqüência de rastreamento por MM que mulheres não latinas, além de apresentarem também níveis mais reduzidos de adesão às normas de rastreamento por TP e MM.

  19. Electroacupuncture Delays Hypertension Development through Enhancing NO/NOS Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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    Hye Suk Hwang

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, this study investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA could reduce early stage hypertension by examining nitric oxide (NO levels in plasma and nitric oxide synthase (NOS levels in the mesenteric resistance artery. EA was applied to the acupuncture point Governor Vessel 20 (GV20 or to a non-acupuncture point in the tail twice weekly for 3 weeks under anesthesia. In conscious SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY rats, blood pressure was determined the day after EA treatment by the tail-cuff method. We measured plasma NO concentration, and evaluated endothelial NO syntheses (eNOS and neuronal NOS (nNOS protein expression in the mesenteric artery. Systolic blood pressure (SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP were lower after 3 weeks of GV20 treatment than EA at non-acupuncture point and no treatment control in SHR. nNOS expression by EA was significantly different between both WKY and no treatment SHR control, and EA at GV20 in SHR. eNOS expression was significantly high in EA at GV 20 compared with no treatment control. In conclusion, EA could attenuate the blood pressure elevation of SHR, along with enhancing NO/NOS activity in the mesenteric artery in SHR.

  20. Trends in indices for extremes in daily air temperature over Utah, USA Tendências de indices de extremos para temperatura do ar diária sobre Utah, EUA

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    Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available The main objective of this study was to obtain analysis of the trends in eleven annual extreme indices of temperature for Utah, United State of America (USA. The analyses have been obtained for 28 meteorological stations, in general, for the period of 1930 to 2006, characterizing a long-term period and with high quality data. The software used to process the data was the RClimdex 1.0. The analysis has identified that the temperature increased in Utah during the last century, evidencing the importance of the ongoing research on climate change in many parts of the world.O principal objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as tendências de onze indices de extremos climáticos baseados em dados diários de temperatura do ar, obtidos a partir de 28 estações meteorológicas localizadas em Utah, Estados Unidos da America (EUA. Em geral, os dados foram coletados entre 1930 e 2006, apresentando coerente resolução temporal e espacial. O software utilizado no processamento dos dados foi o RClimdex 1.0. As análises dos índices extremos mostraram que a temperatura aumentou em Utah durante o último século, evidenciando a importância das pesquisas sobre mudanças climáticas em diferentes partes do mundo.

  1. Expression of Beta-catenin, COX-2 and iNOS in Colorectal Cancer: Relevance of COX-2 and iNOS Inhibitors for Treatment in Malaysia

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    Seok Kwan Hong

    2004-01-01

    Conclusions: The accumulation of β-catenin does not seem to be sufficient to activate pathways that lead to increased COX-2 and iNOS expression. A high proportion of colorectal cancers were found to express COX-2 and a significant number produced iNOS, suggesting that their inhibitors may be potentially useful as chemotherapeutic agents in the management of colorectal cancer.

  2. A epilepsia nos tumores cerebrais

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    Luís Marques-Assis

    1969-03-01

    Full Text Available De 411 casos de tumores cerebrais foram estudados 86 (19,4% que apresentaram manifestações epilépticas. A epilepsia foi estudada quanto à duração, ao tipo de manifestação e à severidade, em relação à natureza e à localização dos tumores cerebrais. A análise dos resultados permitiu aos autores chegarem às seguintes conclusões: 1 a epilepsia incidiu em 19,4% dos casos; 2 o oligodendroglioma, as metástases carcinomatosas e o glioblastoma multiforme foram, pela ordem, os tumores mais epileptogênicos; 3 as áreas frontal, parietal e temporal foram, nessa ordem, as localizações mais epileptogênicas; 4 os carcinomas metastáticos predominaram nos casos com epilepsia com menos de um ano de evolução, enquanto que os astrocitomas predominaram nos casos com mais de três anos; quanto à topografia, predominou a região frontal no primeiro grupo e a temporal, no segundo; 5 nas formas mais severas de epilepsia predominaram os oligodendrogliomas e os meningeomas, quanto à natureza, e a região frontotemporal e a foice, quanto à localização; 6 os craniofaringeomas e os meduloblastomas foram os tumores que mais freqüentemente determinaram o aparecimento de convulsões puras; nesses casos, a sela túrsica e a fossa posterior foram as sedes mais freqüentes; 7 os carcinomas metastáticos e os meningeomas, quanto à natureza, e as regiões frontoparietal e parietal, quanto à localização, foram os mais freqüentemente encontrados nos casos com crises de tipo bravais-jacksoniano.

  3. A Internet que nos protege

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    Luana Negrelly Saraiva

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available A partir de uma análise das relações interpessoais nos canais de chat, pretende-se mostrar a Internet como um espaço de proteção da mesma sociedade repressora que a criou, abrindo portas para o desenvolvimento e o resgate dos valores humanos.

  4. Intoxicação experimental de suínos por fumonisinas

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    Dilkin Paulo

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Os efeitos da exposição oral prolongada (28 dias à fumonisina foram estudados em suínos jovens. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais e alimentados com ração ad libitum contendo: A 0mg de FB1.kg-1 (controle; B 10mg de FB1.kg-1; C 30mg de FB1.kg-1. Os suínos foram observados duas vezes por dia; seus pesos e consumo alimentar foram registrados semanalmente. Entre o 20º e 24º dia de intoxicação, os suínos do tratamentos C apresentaram diminuição do consumo de ração e ganho de peso, sinais característicos de edema pulmonar, razão pela qual um animal foi levado a óbito aos 23 dias de intoxicação. Após 28 dias, os animais foram necropsiados e os órgãos submetidos a análises macroscópica, histopatológica e ao estudo da morfologia e histologia intestinal. Nos suínos que apresentaram sinais clínicos de intoxicação, observaram-se lesões pulmonares, hepáticas e diminuição de altura das vilosidades e profundidade das criptas e hiperplasia glandular em segmentos intestinais. Conclui-se, portanto, que substanciais perdas de produtividade podem ser induzidas em suínos alimentados com ração contaminada com baixos níveis de fumonisinas.

  5. iNOS-dependent increase in colonic mucus thickness in DSS-colitic rats.

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    Olof Schreiber

    Full Text Available AIM: To investigate colonic mucus thickness in vivo in health and during experimental inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Colitis was induced with 5% DSS in drinking water for 8 days prior to experiment, when the descending colonic mucosa of anesthetized rats was studied using intravital microscopy. Mucus thickness was measured with micropipettes attached to a micromanipulator. To assess the contributions of NOS and prostaglandins in the regulation of colonic mucus thickness, the non-selective NOS-inhibitor L-NNA (10 mg/kg bolus followed by 3 mg/kg/h, the selective iNOS-inhibitor L-NIL (10 mg/kg bolus followed by 3 mg/kg/h and the non-selective COX-inhibitor diclofenac (5 mg/kg were administered intravenously prior to experiment. To further investigate the role of iNOS in the regulation of colonic mucus thickness, iNOS -/- mice were used. RESULTS: Colitic rats had a thicker firmly adherent mucus layer following 8 days of DSS treatment than untreated rats (88±2 µm vs 76±1 µm. During induction of colitis, the thickness of the colonic mucus layer initially decreased but was from day 3 significantly thicker than in untreated rats. Diclofenac reduced the mucus thickness similarly in colitic and untreated rats (-16±5 µm vs -14±2 µm. While L-NNA had no effect on colonic mucus thickness in DSS or untreated controls (+3±2 µm vs +3±1 µm, L-NIL reduced the mucus thickness significantly more in colitic rats than in controls (-33±4 µm vs -10±3 µm. The importance of iNOS in regulating the colonic mucus thickness was confirmed in iNOS-/- mice, which had thinner colonic mucus than wild-type mice (35±3 µm vs 50±2 µm, respectively. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed increased levels of iNOS in the colonic surface epithelium following DSS treatment. CONCLUSION: Both prostaglandins and nitric oxide regulate basal colonic mucus thickness. During onset of colitis, the thickness of the mucus layer is initially reduced followed by an iNOS

  6. Participação nos Lucros ou Resultados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Felipe Ferreira

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available A participação nos lucros ou resultados é uma forma de remuneração variável, pela qual não há incidência de encargos sociais, além de incentivar o aumento da produtividade, podendo assim ser utilizada pelas empresas como estratégia, para enfrentarem os desafios dinâmicos e competitivos em que atuam. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como sendo exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e tem como objetivo conceituar e explanar as formas pela quais são praticadas a participação nos lucros ou resultados em empresas do setor alimentício em Santa Catarina, que foram escolhidas por meio do critério de acessibilidade e disponibilidade. Dos dados coletados, pode-se verificar que as empresas: COC Alimentos, Moinho Catarinense e Pepsico do Brasil utilizam a participação nos resultados e a Perdigão utiliza a participação mista. A Moinho Catarinense distribui para todos os empregados um salário nominal, como a CDC Alimentos, exceto para os gerentes. A Perdigão beneficia todos os empregados, sendo que 60% da distribuição é pelo lucro líquido e 40% por indicadores de desempenho. A Pepsico do Brasil distribui aos empregados operacionais 50% de um salário nominal e para os empregados da administração central um salário nominal, atrelado ao cumprimento de metas, especificadas no programa de participação nos lucros ou resultados.

  7. Religião e patriotismo: o anticomunismo católico nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil nos anos da Guerra Fria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Simone Rodeghero

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa e compara o anticomunismo católico no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos no período da Guerra Fria. Depois de situar o campo de estudos constituído no Brasil sobre o tema, discute as relações entre americanismo e anticomunismo, procurando situar o catolicismo norte-americano neste meio. Utiliza-se de uma produção recente sobre cultura da Guerra Fria nos Estados Unidos. Levanta, finalmente, uma série de elementos de comparação sobre a forma que o anticomunismo católico assumiu nos dois países.This article analyses and compares the Catholic anticommunism in the Brazil and in United States during the Cold War years. After showing the recent studies produced in Brazil about the fight against communism, it discusses the relationship between Americanism, anticommunism and Catholicism. This step is based on recent historical research about the Cold War culture in the United States. Finally, it makes comparisons between the forms that anticommunism assumed in each country.

  8. O papel de imunoglobulinas na nefropatia da leptospirose em suínos

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    Larissa M.F. Gonçalves

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available A leptospirose é uma antropozoonose endêmica em todo o mundo, que afeta o homem e várias espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres. No início da infecção há produção de IgM para o controle da infecção e após alguns dias, IgG são produzidas e provocam lise das leptospiras circulantes. Objetivou-se neste estudo identificar depósitos de antígeno de leptospiras e imunoglobulinas no tecido renal, para avaliar o papel de imunoglobulinas na patogênese da nefropatia da leptospirose em suínos. Foram colhidas 139 amostras de sangue e rim de suínos das cidades de Teresina/PI e Timon/MA, que foram avaliadas pela SAM, imunoistoquímica e PCR. Nefrite intersticial, fibrose, vasculite, tumefação do tufo glomerular e hipercelularidade difusa foram as principais alterações histopatológicas encontradas. A imunoistoquímica detectou antígeno de leptospira em 60 suínos. Depósitos de IgG, IgM e IgA foram observados no endotélio de capilares glomerulares, dos capilares intertubulares e na cápsula de Bowman, com marcação focal, difusa, global e segmentar. A deposição de IgM e IgA foi significantemente maior nos suínos infectados. Estranhamente depósitos de IgG foi significantemente maior nos suínos não infectados, onde não havia presença de antígeno de leptospiras e nem lesão túbulo-intersticial. Concluímos que antígeno de leptospiras no rim de suínos está relacionado a depósitos de IgM e IgA mas não a depósitos de IgG.

  9. A novel multiplex PCR-RFLP method for simultaneous detection of the MTHFR 677 C > T, eNOS +894 G > T and - eNOS -786 T > C variants among Malaysian Malays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loo Keat

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Hyperhomocysteinemia as a consequence of the MTHFR 677 C > T variant is associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke. Another factor that can potentially contribute to these disorders is a depleted nitric oxide level, which can be due to the presence of eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS −786 T > C variants that make an individual more susceptible to endothelial dysfunction. A number of genotyping methods have been developed to investigate these variants. However, simultaneous detection methods using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP analysis are still lacking. In this study, a novel multiplex PCR-RFLP method for the simultaneous detection of MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS −786 T > C variants was developed. A total of 114 healthy Malay subjects were recruited. The MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS −786 T > C variants were genotyped using the novel multiplex PCR-RFLP and confirmed by DNA sequencing as well as snpBLAST. Allele frequencies of MTHFR 677 C > T and eNOS +894 G > T and eNOS −786 T > C were calculated using the Hardy Weinberg equation. Methods The 114 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study, and their DNA was extracted. Primer pair was designed using Primer 3 Software version 0.4.0 and validated against the BLAST database. The primer specificity, functionality and annealing temperature were tested using uniplex PCR methods that were later combined into a single multiplex PCR. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP was performed in three separate tubes followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR product residual was purified and sent for DNA sequencing. Results The allele frequencies for MTHFR 677 C > T were 0.89 (C allele and 0.11 (T allele; for eNOS +894 G > T, the allele frequencies were 0.58 (G allele and 0.43 (T allele; and for eNOS −786 T > C, the allele

  10. Circulating NOS3 modulates left ventricular remodeling following reperfused myocardial infarction.

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    Simone Gorressen

    Full Text Available Nitric oxide (NO is constitutively produced and released from the endothelium and several blood cell types by the isoform 3 of the NO synthase (NOS3. We have shown that NO protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R injury and that depletion of circulating NOS3 increases within 24 h of ischemia/reperfusion the size of myocardial infarction (MI in chimeric mice devoid of circulating NOS3. In the current study we hypothesized that circulating NOS3 also affects remodeling of the left ventricle following reperfused MI.To analyze the role of circulating NOS3 we transplanted bone marrow of NOS3-/- and wild type (WT mice into WT mice, producing chimerae expressing NOS3 only in vascular endothelium (BC-/EC+ or in both, blood cells and vascular endothelium (BC+/EC+. Both groups underwent 60 min of coronary occlusion in a closed-chest model of reperfused MI. During the 3 weeks post MI, structural and functional LV remodeling was serially assessed (24 h, 4 d, 1 w, 2 w and 3 w by echocardiography. At 72 hours post MI, gene expression of several extracellular matrix (ECM modifying molecules was determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. At 3 weeks post MI, hemodynamics were obtained by pressure catheter, scar size and collagen content were quantified post mortem by Gomori's One-step trichrome staining.Three weeks post MI, LV end-systolic (53.2±5.9 μl; ***p≤0.001; n = 5 and end-diastolic volumes (82.7±5.6 μl; *p<0.05; n = 5 were significantly increased in BC-/EC+, along with decreased LV developed pressure (67.5±1.8 mm Hg; n = 18; ***p≤0.001 and increased scar size/left ventricle (19.5±1.5%; n = 13; **p≤0.01 compared to BC+/EC+ (ESV: 35.6±2.2 μl; EDV: 69.1±2.6 μl n = 8; LVDP: 83.2±3.2 mm Hg; n = 24; scar size/LV13.8±0.7%; n = 16. Myocardial scar of BC-/EC+ was characterized by increased total collagen content (20.2±0.8%; n = 13; ***p≤0.001 compared to BC+/EC+ (15.9±0.5; n = 16, and increased collagen type I and III subtypes

  11. Role of iNOS and eNOS expression in a group of Egyptian diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy patients

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    Mayssa I. Aly

    2013-01-01

    Conclusion The presence of iNOS is associated with tubular damage resulting in renal failure. The upregulation of NO in diabetes mellitus type 2 may explain the endothelial dysfunction that is associated with almost all diabetic complications.

  12. TERMOS AMBIENTAIS E SOCIAIS NOS RELATÓRIOS DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO

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    Ilse Maria Beuren

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetiva verificar a tendência dos termos ambientais e sociais evidenciados nos relatórios da administração de 1997 a 2006 de empresas familiares brasileiras. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa documental e da técnica de análise de conteúdo nos RA de 1997 a 2006. No universo das 500 maiores empresas listadas na Revista Exame, edição 2006, identificaram-se 21 empresas familiares de capital aberto e de controle acionário brasileiro, mas dessas somente 16 publicaram seu RA nos dez anos considerados. Os resultados mostram que a oscilação na quantidade de páginas dos RA ao longo dos anos apresenta relação com algum evento ocorrido nas empresas. A evidenciação dos termos ambientais está mais relacionada às medidas tomadas para cuidar e preservar o meio ambiente do que aos passivos ambientais. A evidenciação dos termos sociais foi direcionada de maneira equilibrada ao público interno e externo. Conclui-se que há uma tendência nos termos ambientais e sociais evidenciados nos RA de 1997 a 2006 das empresas pesquisadas, ainda que tenham sido incorporados vários termos novos ao longo do período.

  13. Using a Professional Development Program for Enhancing Chilean Biology Teachers' Understanding of Nature of Science (NOS) and Their Perceptions about Using History of Science to Teach NOS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pavez, José M.; Vergara, Claudia A.; Santibañez, David; Cofré, Hernán

    2016-01-01

    A number of authors have recognized the importance of understanding the nature of science (NOS) for scientific literacy. Different instructional strategies such as decontextualized, hands-on inquiry, and history of science (HOS) activities have been proposed for teaching NOS. This article seeks to understand the contribution of HOS in enhancing…

  14. Segurança nacional e liberdades civis nos Estados Unidos: Obama e a opção pela segurança

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudio Júnior Damin

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa, à luz da experiência histórica dos EUA, as recentes denúncias de vigilância do Estado em relação aos indivíduos no governo de Barack Obama. Aborda-se a tensão entre segurança nacional e liberdades civis e como o democrata faz uma opção pela segurança, repetindo o padrão de presidentes anteriores.   The article examines, in the light of the historical experience of the U.S., recent reportsof state surveillance in relation to individuals in the government of Barack Obama. Addresses the tension between national security and civil liberties and how the Democrat did an option for safety, repeating the pattern of previous presidents.

  15. Stress-restress evokes sustained iNOS activity and altered GABA levels and NMDA receptors in rat hippocampus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Harvey, Brian H; Oosthuizen, Frasia; Brand, Linda

    2004-01-01

    . The NOS isoform involved, and the role of stress-mediated corticosterone release in NOS activation, was verified with the administration of selective iNOS and nNOS inhibitors, aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg/day i.p.) and 7-nitroindazole (12.5 mg/kg/day i.p.), and the steroid synthesis inhibitor, ketoconazole...... (24 mg/kg/day i.p.), administered for 21 days prior to and during the stress procedure. RESULTS: Stress evoked a sustained increase in NOS activity, but reduced NMDA receptor density and total GABA levels. Aminoguanidine or ketoconazole, but not 7-nitroindazole or saline, blocked stress-induced NOS...

  16. Expression of leptin and iNOS in oral melanomas in dogs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greene, V R; Wilson, H; Pfent, C; Roethele, J; Carwile, J; Qin, Y; Grimm, E; Ellerhorst, J A

    2013-01-01

    Oral melanoma (OM) in dogs is an aggressive malignancy, with clinical behavior resembling cutaneous melanomas in humans. Melanoma in humans is promoted by an inflammatory environment that is contributed to by leptin and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). To determine if the patterns of leptin and iNOS expression are similar in OM in dogs and cutaneous melanomas in humans. Twenty client-owned dogs. Retrospective case study. Immunostaining of the OM tumors from each dog was scored for percentage and intensity of leptin and iNOS expression. Mitotic index was used as an indicator of tumor aggression. Leptin was detected in ≥75% of the tumor cells in specimens from 11 dogs. One tumor expressed leptin in ≤25% of the cells. The intensity of leptin expression was variable with 6, 9, and 5 cases exhibiting low-, moderate-, and high-intensity staining, respectively. OM with the lowest percentage of iNOS positive cells displayed the highest mitotic indices (P = .006, ANOVA). The expression of leptin is a common finding in melanomas in dogs. These data suggest that the possibility of future clinical applications, such as measuring the concentrations of plasma leptin as a screening tool or leptin as a target for therapy. The relevance of iNOS is not as clear in dogs with OM, for which other directed therapeutics might be more appropriate. Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

  17. Leucemia Mielóide Crônica: novas drogas em desenvolvimento

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    Cármino A. de Souza

    Full Text Available A LMC é um modelo de investigação biológica e clinica que deve ser seguido nesta nova fase da oncologia moderna. A resposta terapêutica ao uso do imatinibe como droga de primeira linha mudou os conceitos e paradigmas e criou uma expectativa que drogas mais potentes possam ser desenvolvidas no futuro. Infelizmente nem todos conseguem atingir essa situação ideal. Por esta razão, Baccarani M sugeriu que a falência de resposta subótima, precaução ou alerta fossem estudadas no sentido de serem desenvolvidas intervenções terapêuticas diferenciadas mais precoces. A resistência ao imatinibe existe e depende de vários mecanismos. Tanto mais tardia a introdução do imatinibe e mais avançada for a fase evolutiva da doença maior a freqüência de resistência. Do ponto de vista biológico, a superexpressão do BCR-ABL, os defeitos genéticos adicionais e as mutações que podem atingir várias regiões da molécula - a alça de fosfato, a alça de ativação, o domínio da quinase são os mais importantes fatores associados à resistência ao imatinibe. Por esta razão, são necessárias outras opções terapêuticas e hoje há o desenvolvimento de um grande número de drogas para um número maior de alvos. Inicialmente temos o dasatinibe, já aprovado nos EUA, na Europa e também no Brasil; o nilotinibe, em fase avançada de estudos clínicos (inclusive de fase III, e também já aprovado para uso nos EUA; o bosutinibe, o INNO - 406 bem como outras drogas que atuam em alvos como as aurora-quinases ou inibidores de histona-deacetilases.

  18. Vasoinhibins Prevent Bradykinin-Stimulated Endothelial Cell Proliferation by Inactivating eNOS via Reduction of both Intracellular Ca2+ Levels and eNOS Phosphorylation at Ser1179

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    Carmen Clapp

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Vasoinhibins, a family of antiangiogenic peptides derived from prolactin proteolysis, inhibit the vascular effects of several proangiogenic factors, including bradykinin (BK. Here, we report that vasoinhibins block the BK-induced proliferation of bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells. This effect is mediated by the inactivation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, as the NO donor DETA-NONOate reverted vasoinhibin action. It is an experimentally proven fact that the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i upon BK stimulation activates eNOS, and vasoinhibins blocked the BK-mediated activation of phospholipase C and the formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate leading to a reduced release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The [Ca2+]i rise evoked by BK also involves the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC channels. Vasoinhibins likely interfere with TRPC-mediated Ca2+ entry since La3+, which is an enhancer of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channel activity, prevented vasoinhibins from blocking the stimulation by BK of endothelial cell NO production and proliferation, and vasoinhibins reduced the BK-induced increase of TRPC5 mRNA expression. Finally, vasoinhibins prevented the BK-induced phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179, a post-translational modification that facilitates Ca2+-calmodulin activation of eNOS. Together, our data show that vasoinhibins, by lowering NO production through the inhibition of both [Ca2+]i mobilization and eNOS phosphorylation, prevent the BK-induced stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation. Thus, vasoinhibins help to regulate BK effects on angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis.

  19. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL, 1902-present, Salinity

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have salinity data. *These services are for testing and evaluation use...

  20. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL, 1902-present, Conductivity

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have conductivity data. *These services are for testing and evaluation use...

  1. Firm-specific impacts of CO_2 prices on the stock market value of the Spanish power industry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pereira da Silva, Patricia; Moreno, Blanca; Figueiredo, Nuno Carvalho

    2016-01-01

    European Union carbon emissions allowances (EUA) price fluctuations can affect electricity companies' stock market values as these oscillations may change firms' profitability and thus investors' decisions. This outcome can differ not only contingent on the EU ETS Phase, but also on firms' generation mix. Moreover, stock markets may react differently to EUA increases in comparison to decreases, thus asymmetrically. By using daily data from January 2008 to July 2014, this article analyses long-run equilibrium relations and short-run interactions between the aggregated electricity industry stock market returns and EUA price changes. Moreover, we test if the relationship between EUA price variations and electricity stock returns is asymmetric and if the carbon price effect and the asymmetry are power firm-specific. Adding to earlier studies, we initially provide an inspection of the individual impact of EU ETS Phase II and on-going Phase III; followed by a comparative analysis between power firms which core activity relies on renewable energy sources and those whose sources are fundamentally non-renewable ones. A statistically significant positive long-run impact of EU ETS on the aggregated power sector stock market return is found concerning Phase II and works asymmetrically. Moreover, evidence is provided demonstrating that asymmetry and EUA effects are power firm-specific. - Highlights: •EU ETS impacts on stock market returns of Spanish power sector. •Long-run positive effect of EU ETS on market returns is found only in Phase II. •No short-run effects were found. •EUA price effect is company-specific.

  2. Technical Specifications, South Texas Project, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-498 and 50-499): Appendix ''A'' to License Nos. NPF-76 and NPF-80

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1989-03-01

    The South Texas Project, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, Technical Specifications were prepared by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to set forth the limits, operating conditions, and other requirements applicable to a nuclear reactor facility as set forth in Section 50.36 of 10 CFR Part 50 for the protection of the health and safety of the public

  3. Technical specifications, South Texas Project, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-498 and 50-499): Appendix ''A'' to License Nos. NPF-76 and NPF-78

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1989-01-01

    The South Texas Project, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, Technical Specifications were prepared by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to set forth the limits, operating conditions, and other requirements applicable to a nuclear reactor facility as set forth in Section 50.36 of 10 CFR Part 50 for the protection of the health and safety of the public

  4. Pediatric ophthalmic indications for examination under anesthesia in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Objective: To determine the ophthalmic indications and challenges for pediatric ocular examination under anesthesia (EUA). Methods: The surgical register and patients' records of children who underwent EUA between 1990 and 2007 were examined to document patients' bio data, diagnoses and details of procedures and ...

  5. Tratamento de dejetos suínos com biorreator UASB

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Costa da Silva

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a importância do biodigestor UASB no tratamento de dejetos suínos. A suinocultura possui papel importante quanto ao desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil. No entanto, o aumento de produção vem causando problemas ambientais graves, por conta do grande volume de resíduos sólidos gerados pela atividade. O desenvolvimento de métodos de tratamento de dejetos que agreguem valor à produção e respeitem as leis ambientais é um dos grandes desafios do setor. A biodigestão anaeróbia é um dos métodos mais eficazes para o tratamento de dejetos de suinoculturas. Este método de digestão, denominado UASB, tem como característica principal a produção de biogás e de biofertilizante, produto rico em nutrientes, e livre de patógenos. O método oferece vantagens como a promoção do bem estar animal, o aumento da fertilidade do solo, a diminuição da poluição e da emissão de gases geradores do efeito estufa e a melhoria da qualidade de vida, nos centros produtores de suínos, além de minimizar problemas relacionados ao déficit de energia elétrica. Portanto, a utilização de biodigestores UASB para o tratamento de dejetos de suínos é uma opção interessante, que deve ser avaliada com seriedade.

  6. 78 FR 49305 - Luminant Generation Company LLC, Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-08-13

    ... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. 50-445 and 50-446; NRC-2013-0182] Luminant Generation Company LLC, Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2; Application for Amendment to Facility... Operating License Nos. NPF-87 and NPF-89 for the Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2...

  7. Uma Experiência Interdisciplinar na Formação Continuada de Professores da Rede Pública no PACTO pelo Fortalecimento do Ensino Médio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilia Nunes Dall'Asta

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado de uma experiência á formação continuada de professores desenvolvida no projeto Pacto pelo Fortalecimento do Ensino Médio, organizado pela Universidade Federal de Rio Grande-FURG. O projeto teve, como mentor, o Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC, tendo a parceria das Secretarias da Educação (SEDUC e as Universidades Federais (IES, tendo como meta, realizar a formação de professores da rede pública. No desenvolvimento da experiência foram utilizadas as ideias compartilhadas como forma de reforçar e embasar a visão cientifica sobre o conhecimento da interdisciplinaridade, criando um conjunto de referências no processo da formação de professores evidenciando o acoplamento das áreas do conhecimento com suas tecnologias. Na miscigenação das ações cooperativas, houve um consenso geral de entendimento sobre o “ser interdisciplinar”, estabelecendo um desafio aos professores a efetivarem ações imbricadas entre a Matemática, Linguagem e Artes Visuais, independente de suas áreas de formação, tendo como eixo comum o trabalho coletivo interdisciplinar. Na utilização do Origami ficou evidenciado o compartilhar, refletir, estudar, conhecer, intervir na formação do Pacto, fazendo com que não ficasse utópica, a realização das ações coletivas, fortalecendo o conhecimento, já existente, dos profissionais da educação, percebendo a importância do desempenho de atividades no cotidiano, tendo na interdisciplinaridade a projeção do compartilhamento de experiências e a superação de limitações identificadas.

  8. The NF-κB p65 and p50 homodimer cooperate with IRF8 to activate iNOS transcription

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Simon, Priscilla S.; Sharman, Sarah K.; Lu, Chunwan; Yang, Dafeng; Paschall, Amy V.; Tulachan, Sidhartha S.; Liu, Kebin

    2015-01-01

    Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) metabolizes L-arginine to produce nitric oxide (NO) which was originally identified in myeloid cells as a host defense mechanism against pathogens. Recent studies, however, have revealed that iNOS is often induced in tumor cells and myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Compelling experimental data have shown that iNOS promotes tumor development in certain cellular context and suppresses tumor development in other cellular conditions. The molecular mechanisms underlying these contrasting functions of iNOS is unknown. Because iNOS is often induced by inflammatory signals, it is therefore likely that these contrasting functions of iNOS could be controlled by the inflammatory signaling pathways, which remains to be determined. iNOS is expressed in colon carcinoma and myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Colon carcinoma and myeloid cell lines were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying iNOS expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to determine the IFNγ-activated pSTAT1 and NF-κB association with the chromatin DNA of the nos2 promoter. We show here that iNOS is dramatically up-regulated in inflammed human colon tissues and in human colon carcinoma as compared to normal colon tissue. iNOS is expressed in either the colon carcinoma cells or immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. On the molecular level, the proinflammatory IFNγ and NF-κB signals induce iNOS expression in human colon cancer cells. We further demonstrate that NF-κB directly binds to the NOS2 promoter to regulate iNOS expression. Although neither the IFNγ signaling pathway nor the NF-κB signaling pathway alone is sufficient to induce iNOS expression in myeloid cells, IFNγ and NF-κB synergistically induce iNOS expression in myeloid cells. Furthermore, we determine that IFNγ up-regulates IRF8 expression to augment NF-κB induction of iNOS expression. More interestingly, we

  9. ONE PROBABLE MECHANISM OF THE LEARNING-MEMORY DAMAGE BY LEAD: THE CHANGES OF NOS IN HIPPOCAMPUS

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    王静; 赵义; 杨章民; 张进; 李积胜; 司履生; 王一理

    2003-01-01

    Objective To study the effects of lead on the activity and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and relationship between the effects of lead on learning-memory and changes of NOS in subfields of hippocampus. Methods Y-maze test was used to study the effects of lead on ability of learning-memory; NADPH-d histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate the changes of NOS in subfields of hippocampus. Results Compared with the control group, the ability of learning- memory in lead-exposed rats was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the number of NOS positive neurons in CA1 region and dentate gyrus of lead-exposed rats was significantly decreased(P<0.05), but no marked changes in CA3 region; the number of nNOS positive neurons in CA1 of lead-exposed rats was also significantly decreased(P<0.05), but no obvious changes in CA3. Conclusion Lead could damage the ability of learning-memory in rats. Lead could decrease the activity and expression of NOS in hippocampus and had different effects on NOS in different subfields of hippocampus. The changes of NOS in hippocampus induced by lead may be the mechanism of the learning-memory damage by lead.

  10. Activation of eNOS in endothelial cells exposed to ionizing radiation involves components of the DNA damage response pathway

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nagane, Masaki; Yasui, Hironobu; Sakai, Yuri; Yamamori, Tohru [Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818 (Japan); Niwa, Koichi [Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri 099-2493 (Japan); Hattori, Yuichi [Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 (Japan); Kondo, Takashi [Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194 (Japan); Inanami, Osamu, E-mail: inanami@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp [Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818 (Japan)

    2015-01-02

    Highlights: • eNOS activity is increased in BAECs exposed to X-rays. • ATM is involved in this increased eNOS activity. • HSP90 modulates the radiation-induced activation of ATM and eNOS. - Abstract: In this study, the involvement of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation was investigated in X-irradiated bovine aortic endothelial cells. The activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the phosphorylation of serine 1179 of eNOS (eNOS-Ser1179) were significantly increased in irradiated cells. The radiation-induced increases in NOS activity and eNOS-Ser1179 phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced by treatment with either an ATM inhibitor (Ku-60019) or an HSP90 inhibitor (geldanamycin). Geldanamycin was furthermore found to suppress the radiation-induced phosphorylation of ATM-Ser1181. Our results indicate that the radiation-induced eNOS activation in bovine aortic endothelial cells is regulated by ATM and HSP90.

  11. Gestão estratégica de recursos humanos na era da tecnologia da informação e da globalização

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lidia Eugenia Cavalcante

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Trata sobre as alterações provocadas na gestão de recursos humanos para um novo mercado global, baseadas na capacitação profissional e educação continuada, exigências da sociedade do conhecimento. Aborda questões referentes às mudanças organizacionais, com base nos novos paradigmas da modernidade e competitividade do mercado mundial. Apresenta algumas considerações sobre o mercado da informação nas empresas em processo de mudança e seu impacto em áreas de decisões estratégicas empresariais. Assim, as novas tecnologias de informação, o capital humano e gestões estratégicas compreendem os principais fatores de competitividade e adequação à modernidade ou sociedade do conhecimento.

  12. A Linguagem Motion Graphics nos Videoclipes Brasileiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herom Vargas

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais de edição, animação e pós-produção, a linguagem motion graphics se configurou como ferramenta criativa nas relações entre som e imagem. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar aspectos inovadores da utilização da linguagem motion graphics nos videoclipes de artistas brasileiros, no período de 1990 a 2010. Por meio de categorias de avaliação relacionadas 1 aos softwares de composição visual, 2 à evolução da linguagem do clipe no período e 3 às relações entre música, vídeo e gráficos utilizados, quatro estágios de aplicação criativa dos recursos dessa linguagem nos videoclipes brasileiros foram estabelecidos.

  13. Inovação tecnológica na indústria farmacêutica: diferenças entre a Europa, os EUA e os países farmaemergentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Cristina Santos Akkari

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Historicamente, o cenário farmacêutico mundial tem sido dominado por grandes multinacionais (Big Pharma, majoritariamente de origem europeia e norte-americana. Contudo, é consenso na literatura a importância crescente dos mercados farmacêuticos emergentes (países farmaemergentes, especialmente China e Brasil, que são vistos como os maiores responsáveis pelo crescimento sustentável do segmento farmacêutico. Esse artigo teve como objetivo realizar um mapeamento tecnológico e industrial do setor farmacêutico, a partir de informações de bancos de dados patentários internacionais (WIPO e Derwent, entre 1996 até o último ano de registro (2013. Utilizando-se o Método dos Mínimos Quadrados e implementação de um algoritmo no MATLAB, desenvolveram-se previsões para o período 2014-2018. Os resultados obtidos atestaram a liderança da Europa e dos EUA no setor, destacando-se o índice de inovação da Hoffmann-La Roche; a participação expressiva da China; e a pouca contribuição do Brasil no âmbito mundial. Todavia, estimou-se uma tendência de crescimento acentuado no número de proteções concedidas ao Brasil (41% e à China (27%, apontando um alcance, até 2036, dos índices de patenteamento chineses aos números dos atuais líderes mundiais, trazendo a esperança da difusão tecnológica e científica e do aumento da competitividade no segmento farmacêutico.

  14. Tendances Carbone no. 86 'COP... Operation towards 2015: MRV, the first stepping stone towards a new international agreement?'

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bellassen, Valentin

    2013-01-01

    Among the publications of CDC Climat Research, 'Tendances Carbone' bulletin specifically studies the developments of the European market for CO 2 allowances. This issue addresses the following points: - Back-loading and reforms of the EU ETS: on 10 December, the EU Parliament voted the Back-loading proposal. The vote of the Council is scheduled on 17 December. The postponement of EUA will be made in 2014 and in 2015 (not in 2013). - 2030 climate and energy package: the EC is planning to release its White Paper, which will include 2030 targets as well as a section on structural reforms of the EU ETS, on 21 January 2014. - Fall in EUA prices and a rise in volumes: the EUA spot price continued its fall averaging euros 4.53 in November (a monthly fall of 8%). Total traded volumes of carbon credits (EUA, CER and ERU) increased by 6% in November to 748 million

  15. Depressed nNOS expression during spine transition in the developing hippocampus of FMR1 KO mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, Qin; Zhu, Zhiwei; Xu, Jialu; Gu, Weizhong; Zhao, Zhengyan

    2012-01-01

    Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized as needed by NO synthase (NOS), is involved in spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. Immature spine morphology is characteristic of fragile X syndrome (FXS). The objective of this research was to investigate and compare changes of postnatal neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in the hippocampus of male fragile X mental retardation 1 gene knockout mice (FMR1 KO mice, the animal model of FXS) and male wild-type mice (WT) at postnatal day 7 (P7), P14, P21, and P28. nNOS mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (N = 4-7) and nNOS protein was estimated by Western blot (N = 3) and immunohistochemistry (N = 1). In the PCR assessment, primers 5′-GTGGCCATCGTGTCCTACCATAC-3′ and 5′-GTTTCGAGGCAGGTGGAAGCTA-3′ were used for the detection of nNOS and primers 5′-CCGTTTCTCCTGGCTCAGTTTA-3′ and 5′-CCCCAATACCACATCATCCAT-3′ were used for the detection of β-actin. Compared to the WT group, nNOS mRNA expression was significantly decreased in FMR1 KO mice at P21 (KO: 0.2857 ± 0.0150, WT: 0.5646 ± 0.0657; P < 0.05). Consistently, nNOS immunoreactivity also revealed reduced staining intensity at P21 in the FMR1 KO group. Western blot analysis validated the immunostaining results by demonstrating a significant reduction in nNOS protein levels in the FMR1 KO group compared to the WT group at P21 (KO: 0.3015 ± 0.0897, WT: 1.7542 ± 0.5455; P < 0.05). These results suggest that nNOS was involved in the postnatal development of the hippocampus in FXS and impaired NO production may retard spine maturation in FXS

  16. Depressed nNOS expression during spine transition in the developing hippocampus of FMR1 KO mice

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu, Qin; Zhu, Zhiwei; Xu, Jialu [Department of Children' s Health Care, Children' s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang (China); Gu, Weizhong [Department of Pathology, Children' s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang (China); Zhao, Zhengyan [Department of Children' s Health Care, Children' s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang (China)

    2012-10-05

    Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized as needed by NO synthase (NOS), is involved in spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. Immature spine morphology is characteristic of fragile X syndrome (FXS). The objective of this research was to investigate and compare changes of postnatal neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in the hippocampus of male fragile X mental retardation 1 gene knockout mice (FMR1 KO mice, the animal model of FXS) and male wild-type mice (WT) at postnatal day 7 (P7), P14, P21, and P28. nNOS mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (N = 4-7) and nNOS protein was estimated by Western blot (N = 3) and immunohistochemistry (N = 1). In the PCR assessment, primers 5′-GTGGCCATCGTGTCCTACCATAC-3′ and 5′-GTTTCGAGGCAGGTGGAAGCTA-3′ were used for the detection of nNOS and primers 5′-CCGTTTCTCCTGGCTCAGTTTA-3′ and 5′-CCCCAATACCACATCATCCAT-3′ were used for the detection of β-actin. Compared to the WT group, nNOS mRNA expression was significantly decreased in FMR1 KO mice at P21 (KO: 0.2857 ± 0.0150, WT: 0.5646 ± 0.0657; P < 0.05). Consistently, nNOS immunoreactivity also revealed reduced staining intensity at P21 in the FMR1 KO group. Western blot analysis validated the immunostaining results by demonstrating a significant reduction in nNOS protein levels in the FMR1 KO group compared to the WT group at P21 (KO: 0.3015 ± 0.0897, WT: 1.7542 ± 0.5455; P < 0.05). These results suggest that nNOS was involved in the postnatal development of the hippocampus in FXS and impaired NO production may retard spine maturation in FXS.

  17. Depressed nNOS expression during spine transition in the developing hippocampus of FMR1 KO mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qin Xu

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Nitric oxide (NO, synthesized as needed by NO synthase (NOS, is involved in spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. Immature spine morphology is characteristic of fragile X syndrome (FXS. The objective of this research was to investigate and compare changes of postnatal neuronal NOS (nNOS expression in the hippocampus of male fragile X mental retardation 1 gene knockout mice (FMR1 KO mice, the animal model of FXS and male wild-type mice (WT at postnatal day 7 (P7, P14, P21, and P28. nNOS mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (N = 4-7 and nNOS protein was estimated by Western blot (N = 3 and immunohistochemistry (N = 1. In the PCR assessment, primers 5’-GTGGCCATCGTGTCCTACCATAC-3’ and 5’-GTTTCGAGGCAGGTGGAAGCTA-3’ were used for the detection of nNOS and primers 5’-CCGTTTCTCCTGGCTCAGTTTA-3’ and 5’-CCCCAATACCACATCATCCAT-3’ were used for the detection of β-actin. Compared to the WT group, nNOS mRNA expression was significantly decreased in FMR1 KO mice at P21 (KO: 0.2857 ± 0.0150, WT: 0.5646 ± 0.0657; P < 0.05. Consistently, nNOS immunoreactivity also revealed reduced staining intensity at P21 in the FMR1 KO group. Western blot analysis validated the immunostaining results by demonstrating a significant reduction in nNOS protein levels in the FMR1 KO group compared to the WT group at P21 (KO: 0.3015 ± 0.0897, WT: 1.7542 ± 0.5455; P < 0.05. These results suggest that nNOS was involved in the postnatal development of the hippocampus in FXS and impaired NO production may retard spine maturation in FXS.

  18. Conformance to Generic Letter 83-28, Items 3.1.3 and 3.2.3, Beaver Valley, Unit No. 1, North Anna, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, Surry Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-334, 50-338, 50-339, 50-280, and 50-281)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haroldsen, R.

    1985-09-01

    This report provides a review of the submittals for Beaver Valley, Unit No. 1, North Anna, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, and Surry, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, for conformance to Generic Letter 83-28, Items 3.1.3 and 3.2.3. The specific plants selected were reviewed as a group because of similarity in type and applicability of review items

  19. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, Verified, Hourly

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has verified (quality-controlled), hourly, water level (tide) data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS)....

  20. Technical Specifications: Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-424 and 50-425): Appendix ''A'' to License Nos. NPF-68 and NPF-79

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1989-02-01

    The Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, Technical Specifications were prepared by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to set forth the limits, operating conditions, and other requirements applicable to a nuclear facility as set forth in Section 50.36 of 10 CFR 50 for the protection of the health and safety of the public

  1. Technical Specifications, Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-424 and 50-425): Appendix ''A'' to License Nos. NPF-68 and NPF-81

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1989-03-01

    The Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, Technical Specifications were prepared by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to set forth the limits, operating conditions, and other requirements applicable to a nuclear facility as set forth in Section 50.36 of 10 CFR 50 for the protection of the health and safety of the public

  2. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the trigeminal vascular system and other brain structures related to pain in rats

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ramachandran, Roshni; Ploug, Kenneth Beri; Hay-Schmidt, Anders

    2010-01-01

    to measure the respective levels of mRNA and protein for nNOS and eNOS in peripheral and central tissues involved in migraine pain: dura mater, pial arteries, trigeminal ganglion (TG) trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), periaqueductal grey (PAG), thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, pituitary gland, hippocampus...... and cerebellum. iNOS was excluded from the present study because it was not induced. In the trigeminal vascular system we found the highest expression of nNOS mRNA in pial arteries. However, protein expression of nNOS was maximum in TNC. Among other brain structures, nNOS mRNA and protein expression...... was remarkably higher in the cerebellum than in any other tissues. Regarding eNOS in the trigeminovascular system, the highest mRNA expression was found in pial arteries. In the other brain structures, eNOS mRNA expression was similar but with lowest mRNA concentration in the pituitary gland and the highest...

  3. Pragmatismo e os pragmáticos nos estudos organizacionais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francis Kanashiro Meneghetti

    Full Text Available O objetivo central deste ensaio teórico é avaliar as contribuições do pragmatismo nos Estudos Organizacionais e, os específicos, avaliar se as contribuições teóricas de Charles Peirce e John Dewey possibilitam afirmar o pragmatismo como senso comum, ciência ou teoria do conhecimento; analisar as contribuições - possibilidadese limites - do pragmatismo como conhecimento científico; compreender os percursos do pragmatismo nos Estudos Organizacionais. Chaga-se a conclusão de que ser pragmático é diferente de conceber estudos articulados no campo epistemológico do pragmatismo. O sujeito pragmático vê na sua utilidade e na necessidade deação, o ponto de tensão que coloca em dúvida a veracidade dos pressupostos do pragmatismo como ciência. O que ocorre nos Estudos Organizacionais éa conversão do pragmatismo como conhecimento científico emsubordinação irracional à utilidade e à ação prática, sobretudo, no campo da economia, da política, da ciência, da cultura, da educação, e assim por diante.

  4. Suggesting a NOS Map for Nature of Science for Science Education Instruction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oh, Jun-Young

    2017-01-01

    The aims of this research are 1) to explore the inter-relationships within the individual elements or tenets of Nature of Science (NOS), based on the dimensions of scientific knowledge in science learning, and 2) to consider Kuhn's concept of how scientific revolution takes place. This study suggests that instruction according to our NOS Flowchart…

  5. Identification and molecular characterization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jeong, Chang-Bum; Kang, Hye-Min; Seo, Jung Soo; Park, Heum Gi; Rhee, Jae-Sung; Lee, Jae-Seong

    2016-02-10

    In copepods, no information has been reported on the structure or molecular characterization of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene. In the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus, we identified a NOS gene that is involved in immune responses of vertebrates and invertebrates. In silico analyses revealed that nitric oxide (NO) synthase domains, such as the oxygenase and reductase domains, are highly conserved in the T. japonicus NOS gene. The T. japonicus NOS gene was highly transcribed in the nauplii stages, implying that it plays a role in protecting the host during the early developmental stages. To examine the involvement of the T. japonicus NOS gene in the innate immune response, the copepods were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two Vibrio sp. After exposure to different concentrations of LPS and Vibrio sp., T. japonicus NOS transcription was significantly increased over time in a dose-dependent manner, and the NO/nitrite concentration increased as well. Taken together, our findings suggest that T. japonicus NOS transcription is induced in response to an immune challenge as part of the conserved innate immunity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Visibility, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Visibility data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not been...

  7. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Conductivity, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Conductivity data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not been...

  8. Dissuasão, redução de armas nucleares e defesas antimísseis nos governos Bush e Obama

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo é analisar as perspectivas das administrações de George W. Bush e Barack Obama com relação à dissuasão, à redução de armas nucleares e às defesas antimísseis. Sustenta-se que ambas as administrações reafirmaram o papel fundamental das armas nucleares para a dissuasão, comprometeram-se com a redução de armas nucleares acompanhada de iniciativas para modernização e reconheceram a importância de defesas antimísseis na proteção dos EUA e de aliados. Tais perspectivas estão relacionadas à necessidade contínua de ampliar a flexibilidade para lidar com ameaças contemporâneas e à manutenção de opções diversificadas para o enfrentamento desses desafios.

  9. Causes of the EU ETS price drop: Recession, CDM, renewable policies or a bit of everything?—New evidence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koch, Nicolas; Fuss, Sabine; Grosjean, Godefroy; Edenhofer, Ottmar

    2014-01-01

    The price of EU allowances (EUAs) in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) fell from almost 30€/tCO 2 in mid-2008 to less than 5€/tCO 2 in mid-2013. The sharp and persistent price decline has sparked intense debates both in academia and among policy-makers about the decisive allowance price drivers. In this paper we examine whether and to what extent the EUA price drop can be justified by three commonly identified explanatory factors: the economic recession, renewable policies and the use of international credits. Capitalizing on marginal abatement cost theory and a broadly extended data set, we find that only variations in economic activity and the growth of wind and solar electricity production are robustly explaining EUA price dynamics. Contrary to simulation-based analyses, our results point to moderate interaction effects between the overlapping EU ETS and renewable policies. The bottom line, however, is that 90% of the variations of EUA price changes remains unexplained by the abatement-related fundamentals. Together, our findings do not support the widely-held view that negative demand shocks are the main cause of the weak carbon price signal. In view of the new evidence, we evaluate the EU ETS reform options which are currently discussed. - Highlights: • We examine whether abatement-related fundamentals justify the EU ETS price drop. • 90% of the variations of EUA price changes remain unexplained. • Variations in economic activity are robustly explaining EUA price dynamics. • Price impact of renewable deployment and international credit use remains moderate. • Reform options are evaluated in the light of the new findings

  10. Statistical regularities of Carbon emission trading market: Evidence from European Union allowances

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Zeyu; Xiao, Rui; Shi, Haibo; Li, Guihong; Zhou, Xiaofeng

    2015-05-01

    As an emerging financial market, the trading value of carbon emission trading market has definitely increased. In recent years, the carbon emission allowances have already become a way of investment. They are bought and sold not only by carbon emitters but also by investors. In this paper, we analyzed the price fluctuations of the European Union allowances (EUA) futures in European Climate Exchange (ECX) market from 2007 to 2011. The symmetric and power-law probability density function of return time series was displayed. We found that there are only short-range correlations in price changes (return), while long-range correlations in the absolute of price changes (volatility). Further, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) approach was applied with focus on long-range autocorrelations and Hurst exponent. We observed long-range power-law autocorrelations in the volatility that quantify risk, and found that they decay much more slowly than the autocorrelation of return time series. Our analysis also showed that the significant cross correlations exist between return time series of EUA and many other returns. These cross correlations exist in a wide range of fields, including stock markets, energy concerned commodities futures, and financial futures. The significant cross-correlations between energy concerned futures and EUA indicate the physical relationship between carbon emission and energy production process. Additionally, the cross-correlations between financial futures and EUA indicate that the speculation behavior may become an important factor that can affect the price of EUA. Finally we modeled the long-range volatility time series of EUA with a particular version of the GARCH process, and the result also suggests long-range volatility autocorrelations.

  11. Morus alba extract modulates blood pressure homeostasis through eNOS signaling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carrizzo, Albino; Ambrosio, Mariateresa; Damato, Antonio; Madonna, Michele; Storto, Marianna; Capocci, Luca; Campiglia, Pietro; Sommella, Eduardo; Trimarco, Valentina; Rozza, Francesco; Izzo, Raffaele; Puca, Annibale A; Vecchione, Carmine

    2016-10-01

    Morus alba is a promising phytomedicine cultivated in oriental countries that is extensively used to prevent and treat various cardiovascular problems. To date, despite its beneficial effects, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Thus, we investigate the vascular and haemodynamic effects of Morus alba extract in an experimental model focusing our attention on the molecular mechanisms involved. Through vascular reactivity studies, we demonstrate that Morus alba extract evokes endothelial vasorelaxation through a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Our molecular analysis highlights an increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation. In vivo administration of Morus alba extract reduces blood pressure levels exclusively in wild-type mice, whereas it fails to evoke any haemodynamic effects in eNOS-deficient mice. Molecular analyses revealed that its beneficial action on vasculature is mediated by the activation of two important proteins that act as stress sensors and chaperones: PERK and heat shock protein 90. Finally, Morus alba extract exerts antihypertensive action in an experimental model of arterial hypertension. Through its action on eNOS signaling, Morus alba extract could act as a food supplement for the regulation of cardiovascular system, mainly in clinical conditions characterized by eNOS dysfunction, such as arterial hypertension. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  12. NOS3 Polymorphisms and Chronic Kidney Disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Marín Medina

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD is a multifactorial pathophysiologic irreversible process that often leads to a terminal state in which the patient requires renal replacement therapy. Most cases of CKD are due to chronic-degenerative diseases and endothelial dysfunction is one of the factors that contribute to its pathophysiology. One of the most important mechanisms for proper functioning of the endothelium is the regulation of the synthesis of nitric oxide. This compound is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which has 3 isoforms. Polymorphisms in the NOS3 gene have been implicated as factors that alter the homeostasis of this mechanism. The Glu298Asp polymorphisms 4 b/a and -786T>C of the NOS3 gene have been associated with a more rapid deterioration of kidney function in patients with CKD. These polymorphisms have been evaluated in patients with CKD of determined and undetermined etiology and related to a more rapid deterioration of kidney function.

  13. NOS CO-OPS Active Currents Data, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has surface Active Currents data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These raw data have not...

  14. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Wind, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Wind data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not been subjected...

  15. La Hipótesis de la Profecia Autocumplida en la Evaluación de la Evidencia en el Contexto de la Gestión Continuada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Guiral Contreras

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio analiza si el valor otorgado a la evidencia a favor y en contra de la hipótesis de gestión continuada, se ve afectada por las percepciones que los auditores tienen sobre la validez de la hipótesis de la profecía autocumplida. Hemos realizado un experimento en el que una muestra de auditores debe someter a estudio la continuidad de una hipotética empresa, basándose tanto en información financiera como en determinada evidencia tanto a favor como en contra de la continuidad de ésta. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que los auditores que muestran una fuerte creencia en la validez de la hipótesis de la profecía autocumplida otorgan mayor valor probatorio a la evidencia a favor de la hipótesis de continuidad. Por el contrario, los auditores que no muestran una fuerte creencia en la hipótesis de la profecía autocumplida otorgan un mayor valor probatorio a la evidencia en contra de la continuidad.This paper analyzes whether auditors are affected by the so called “self-fulfilling prophecy effect” (in terms of perceptions when evaluating clients’ going concern status. We designed a laboratory experiment to examine auditors’ attitude to both negative and positive evidence in the case of a fictitious financially distressed client. Our results show that those auditors more sensitive to the self-fulfilling prophecy effect offered a higher tendency to rely on the negative factors. On the other hand, those auditors less worried about the self-fulfilling prophecy effect showed a higher tendency to rely on the positive factors.

  16. A vida ea obra de Zaíra Cintra Vidal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gertrudes Teixeira Lopes

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Estudo histórico social, cujo objetivo é descrever a trajetória de Zaira Cintra Vidal, sua inserção na Escola de Enfermeiras Rachel Haddock Lobo e sua participação na Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (ABEn. O estudo fundamenta-se nos conceitos de poder simbólico, habitus e luta simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu. As fontes primárias foram documentos existentes no Centro de Documentação da EEAN/UFRJ e no Centro de Memória da FENF/UERJ. Os dados foram obtidos no período de agosto de 2000 a abril de 2001 mediante um roteiro de análise documental. Os resultados evidenciaram que Zaira Cintra Vidal, nasceu em 05 de maio de 1903, graduou-se pela Escola de Enfermeiras do Departamento Nacional de Saúde Pública, em 1926; pós-graduou-se nos EUA de 1927 a 1929, retornando em 1943. Criou a Escola de Enfermeiras Rachel Haddock Lobo, sendo a primeira diretora por nove anos e participou na diretoria da ABEn e na redação da Revista Anais de Enfermagem.

  17. Tele-educação para educação continuada das equipes de saúde da família em saúde mental: a experiência de Pernambuco, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Magdala de Araújo Novaes

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudos demonstram que são escassas as ações relacionadas à saúde mental na Estratégia da Saúde da Família, requerendo sensibilização e capacitação dos profissionais. A Telessaúde assume um papel importante, pois favorece a criação de serviços colaborativos entre profissionais de saúde e especialistas trabalhando remotamente. Este artigo apresenta as estratégias para a implementação e a avaliação dos Seminários por Webconferência em Saúde Mental, oferecidos pela RedeNUTES para as equipes de saúde da família de Pernambuco, Brasil. Os seminários síncronos têm frequência semanal e são apresentados por teleconsultores da rede assistencial ou de ensino. As sessões são gravadas e disponibilizadas para consulta na Biblioteca Virtual. Em 2009, ocorreram 39 seminários. A avaliação geral dos seminários, o grau de compreensão dos temas abordados, o material didático utilizado e o tempo de duração tiveram bons resultados. Conclui-se que esse serviço oportuniza um bom espaço para educação continuada em saúde mental.

  18. Beer elicits vasculoprotective effects through Akt/eNOS activation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vilahur, Gemma; Casani, Laura; Mendieta, Guiomar; Lamuela-Raventos, Rosa M; Estruch, Ramon; Badimon, Lina

    2014-12-01

    There is controversy regarding the effect of alcohol beverage intake in vascular vasodilatory function in peripheral arteries. The effects of beer intake in coronary vasodilation remain unknown. We investigated whether regular beer intake (alcohol and alcohol-free) protects against hypercholesterolaemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms behind this effect. Pigs were fed 10 days: (i) a Western-type hypercholesterolaemic diet (WD); (ii) WD+low-dose beer (12·5 g alcohol/day); (iii) WD+moderate-dose beer (25 g alcohol/day); or (iv) WD+moderate-dose alcohol-free-beer (0·0 g alcohol/day). Coronary responses to endothelium-dependent vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine: receptor mediated; calcium ionophore-A23189: nonreceptor mediated), endothelium-independent vasoactive drug (SNP) and L-NMMA (NOS-antagonist) were evaluated in the LAD coronary artery by flow Doppler. Coronary Akt/eNOS activation, MCP-1 expression, oxidative DNA damage and superoxide production were assessed. Lipid profile, lipoproteins resistance to oxidation and urinary isoxanthohumol concentration were evaluated. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic beer intake prevented WD-induced impairment of receptor- and non-receptor-operated endothelial-dependent coronary vasodilation. All animals displayed a similar vasodilatory response to SNP and L-NMMA blunted all endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation responses. Haemodynamic parameters remained unchanged. Coronary arteries showed lower DNA damage and increased Akt/eNOS axis activation in beer-fed animals. Animals taking beer showed HDL with higher antioxidant capacity, higher LDL resistance to oxidation and increased isoxanthohumol levels. Weight, lipids levels, liver enzymes and MCP-1 expression were not affected by beer intake. Non-alcoholic-related beer components protect against hyperlipemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction by counteracting vascular oxidative damage and preserving the Akt/eNOS pathway. Light-to-moderate beer

  19. Enhancing eNOS activity with simultaneous inhibition of IKKβ restores vascular function in Ins2(Akita+/-) type-1 diabetic mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krishnan, Manickam; Janardhanan, Preethi; Roman, Linda; Reddick, Robert L; Natarajan, Mohan; van Haperen, Rien; Habib, Samy L; de Crom, Rini; Mohan, Sumathy

    2015-10-01

    The balance of nitric oxide (NO) versus superoxide generation has a major role in the initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction. Under conditions of high glucose, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) functions as a chief source of superoxide rather than NO. In order to improve NO bioavailability within the vessel wall in type-1 diabetes, we investigated treatment strategies that improve eNOS phosphorylation and NO-dependent vasorelaxation. We evaluated methods to increase the eNOS activity by (1) feeding Ins2(Akita) spontaneously diabetic (type-1) mice with l-arginine in the presence of sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin; (2) preventing eNOS/NO deregulation by the inclusion of inhibitor kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ) inhibitor, salsalate, in the diet regimen in combination with l-arginine and sepiapterin; and (3) independently increasing eNOS expression to improve eNOS activity and associated NO production through generating Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice that overexpress human eNOS predominantly in vascular endothelial cells. Our results clearly demonstrated that diet supplementation with l-arginine, sepiapterin along with salsalate improved phosphorylation of eNOS and enhanced vasorelaxation of thoracic/abdominal aorta in type-1 diabetic mice. More interestingly, despite the overexpression of eNOS, the in-house generated transgenic eNOS-GFP (TgeNOS-GFP)-Ins2(Akita) cross mice showed an unanticipated effect of reduced eNOS phosphorylation and enhanced superoxide production. Our results demonstrate that enhancement of endogenous eNOS activity by nutritional modulation is more beneficial than increasing the endogenous expression of eNOS by gene therapy modalities.

  20. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL, 1853-present, Barometric Pressure

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have barometric pressure data. *These services are for testing and...

  1. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in arginase-II-mediated eNOS-uncoupling in obesity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Yi; Rajapakse, Angana G; Montani, Jean-Pierre; Yang, Zhihong; Ming, Xiu-Fen

    2014-07-18

    Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-uncoupling links obesity-associated insulin resistance and type-II diabetes to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies have indicated that increased arginase is involved in eNOS-uncoupling through competing with the substrate L-arginine. Given that arginase-II (Arg-II) exerts some of its biological functions through crosstalk with signal transduction pathways, and that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38mapk) is involved in eNOS-uncoupling, we investigated here whether p38mapk is involved in Arg-II-mediated eNOS-uncoupling in a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. Obesity was induced in wild type (WT) and Arg-II-deficient (Arg-II(-/-)) mice on C57BL/6 J background by high-fat diet (HFD, 55% fat) for 14 weeks starting from age of 7 weeks. The entire aortas were isolated and subjected to 1) immunoblotting analysis of the protein level of eNOS, Arg-II and p38mapk activation; 2) arginase activity assay; 3) endothelium-dependent and independent vasomotor responses; 4) en face staining of superoxide anion and NO production with Dihydroethidium and 4,5-Diaminofluorescein Diacetate, respectively, to assess eNOS-uncoupling. To evaluate the role of p38mapk, isolated aortas were treated with p38mapk inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L, 1 h) prior to the analysis. In addition, the role of p38mapk in Arg-II-induced eNOS-uncoupling was investigated in cultured human endothelial cells overexpressing Arg-II in the absence or presence of shRNA against p38mapk. HFD enhanced Arg-II expression/activity and p38mapk activity, which was associated with eNOS-uncoupling as revealed by decreased NO and enhanced L-NAME-inhibitable superoxide in aortas of WT obese mice. In accordance, WT obese mice revealed decreased endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine despite of higher eNOS protein level, whereas Arg-II(-/-) obese mice were protected from HFD-induced eNOS-uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction, which

  2. Strategic Actions and Strategy Changes in European Universities: Clues from Institutional Evaluation Reports of the European University Association

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uslu, Baris

    2018-01-01

    This research examined strategic actions in European universities through the institutional evaluation reports of the EUA. EUA reports for 21 universities from seven European countries were included in the data set. Qualitative inquiry was carried out and six sub-sections in the reports were used as established themes. The findings were then…

  3. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL, 1853-present, Air Temperature

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have air temperature data. *These services are for testing and evaluation...

  4. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL, 1853-present, Water Temperature

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have water temperature data. *These services are for testing and evaluation...

  5. Endothelial CaMKII as a regulator of eNOS activity and NO-mediated vasoreactivity.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shubha Murthy

    Full Text Available The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII is a serine/threonine kinase important in transducing intracellular Ca2+ signals. While in vitro data regarding the role of CaMKII in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS are contradictory, its role in endothelial function in vivo remains unknown. Using two novel transgenic models to express CaMKII inhibitor peptides selectively in endothelium, we examined the effect of CaMKII on eNOS activation, NO production, vasomotor tone and blood pressure. Under baseline conditions, CaMKII activation was low in the aortic wall. Consistently, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and plasma NO levels were unaltered by endothelial CaMKII inhibition. Moreover, endothelial CaMKII inhibition had no significant effect on NO-dependent vasodilation. These results were confirmed in studies of aortic rings transduced with adenovirus expressing a CaMKII inhibitor peptide. In cultured endothelial cells, bradykinin treatment produced the anticipated rapid influx of Ca2+ and transient CaMKII and eNOS activation, whereas CaMKII inhibition blocked eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1179 and dephosphorylation at Thr-497. Ca2+/CaM binding to eNOS and resultant NO production in vitro were decreased under CaMKII inhibition. Our results demonstrate that CaMKII plays an important role in transient bradykinin-driven eNOS activation in vitro, but does not regulate NO production, vasorelaxation or blood pressure in vivo under baseline conditions.

  6. Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide (eNOS Occurs through Different Membrane Domains in Endothelial Cells.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jason Tran

    Full Text Available Endothelial cells respond to a large range of stimuli including circulating lipoproteins, growth factors and changes in haemodynamic mechanical forces to regulate the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and maintain blood pressure. While many signalling pathways have been mapped, the identities of membrane domains through which these signals are transmitted are less well characterized. Here, we manipulated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC with cholesterol and the oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol (7KC. Using a range of microscopy techniques including confocal, 2-photon, super-resolution and electron microscopy, we found that sterol enrichment had differential effects on eNOS and caveolin-1 (Cav1 colocalisation, membrane order of the plasma membrane, caveolae numbers and Cav1 clustering. We found a correlation between cholesterol-induced condensation of the plasma membrane and enhanced high density lipoprotein (HDL-induced eNOS activity and phosphorylation suggesting that cholesterol domains, but not individual caveolae, mediate HDL stimulation of eNOS. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-induced and shear stress-induced eNOS activity was relatively independent of membrane order and may be predominantly controlled by the number of caveolae on the cell surface. Taken together, our data suggest that signals that activate and phosphorylate eNOS are transmitted through distinct membrane domains in endothelial cells.

  7. Synthesis of a Potent Aminopyridine-Based nNOS-Inhibitor by Two Recent No-Carrier-Added $^{18}$F-Labelling Methods

    OpenAIRE

    Drerup, Christian; Ermert, Johannes; Coenen, Heinrich Hubert

    2016-01-01

    Nitric oxide (NO), an important multifunctional signaling molecule, is produced by three isoforms of NO-synthase (NOS) and has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Selective inhibitors of the subtypes iNOS (inducible) or nNOS (neuronal) are of great interest for decoding neurodestructive key factors, and 18F-labelled analogues would allow investigating the NOS-function by molecular imaging with positron emission tomography. Especially, the highly selective nNOS inhibitor 6-((3-((...

  8. Ģimene Mārgaretas Atvudas romānos

    OpenAIRE

    Voitiņa, Laura

    2009-01-01

    Mūsdienās diskusijas par ģimeni, tās vērtībām, mainīgo uzbūvi un problēmām, kas ietekmē šo institūtu, ir sastopamas ne tikai mutvārdu runā, bet arī rakstos. Dotā pētījuma mērķis bija veikt saturisku analīzi par ģimenes aprakstiem Margaretas Atvudas romānos “Istabenes Stāsts” un “Oriksa un Kreiks”, lai identificētu romānos aprakstītos ģimenes modeļus, vērtības, paražas un notikumus, kas ietekmē šo institūtu. Tika izmantotas gan teorētiskas, gan empīriskas pētījuma metodes. Lai sniegtu teorētis...

  9. NOAA NOS SOS, EXPERIMENTAL, 1853-present, Water Level

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA NOS SOS server is part of the IOOS DIF SOS Project. The stations in this dataset have water surface height above a reference datum. *These services are for...

  10. Effects of Paracetamol on NOS, COX, and CYP Activity and on Oxidative Stress in Healthy Male Subjects, Rat Hepatocytes, and Recombinant NOS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trettin, Arne; Böhmer, Anke; Suchy, Maria-Theresia; Probst, Irmelin; Staerk, Ulrich; Stichtenoth, Dirk O.; Frölich, Jürgen C.

    2014-01-01

    Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used analgesic drug. It interacts with various enzyme families including cytochrome P450 (CYP), cyclooxygenase (COX), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and this interplay may produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the effects of paracetamol on prostacyclin, thromboxane, nitric oxide (NO), and oxidative stress in four male subjects who received a single 3 g oral dose of paracetamol. Thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis was assessed by measuring their major urinary metabolites 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1α, respectively. Endothelial NO synthesis was assessed by measuring nitrite in plasma. Urinary 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglanding F2α was measured to assess oxidative stress. Plasma oleic acid oxide (cis-EpOA) was measured as a marker of cytochrome P450 activity. Upon paracetamol administration, prostacyclin synthesis was strongly inhibited, while NO synthesis increased and thromboxane synthesis remained almost unchanged. Paracetamol may shift the COX-dependent vasodilatation/vasoconstriction balance at the cost of vasodilatation. This effect may be antagonized by increasing endothelial NO synthesis. High-dosed paracetamol did not increase oxidative stress. At pharmacologically relevant concentrations, paracetamol did not affect NO synthesis/bioavailability by recombinant human endothelial NOS or inducible NOS in rat hepatocytes. We conclude that paracetamol does not increase oxidative stress in humans. PMID:24799980

  11. CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, NUTRICIONAL E INSTRUMENTAL DE QUATRO ACESSOS DE TOMATE ITALIANO (LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM Mill DO TIPO ‘HEIRLOOM’ PRODUZIDO SOB MANEJO ORGÂNICO PARA ELABORAÇÃO DE POLPA CONCENTRADA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cintia Leticia da Silva ROSA

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available O tomate é uma planta pertencente à família das solanáceas, denominada cientificamente Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, potencialmente perene e com facilidade de adaptação a uma grande variedade de climas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, caracterizar quanto às características físico-químicas, nutricionais e instrumentais de cor e textura quatro acessos de tomate italiano (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill do tipo ‘heirloom’, produzidos sob manejo orgânico para elaboração de polpa concentrada. Foram utilizados os tomates não híbridos (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill San Marzano, Chico Grande, Amish Paste e o denominado EUA 05. Os frutos foram produzidos no período de maio a setembro de 2010, no setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Fitotecnia, da UFRRJ. Foram realizadas as análises de sólidos solúveis (SS, acidez titulável (AT, pH, quantificação e identificação dos carotenoides, cor da casca e da polpa, textura instrumental e quantificação de pesticidas. O teor médio de sólidos solúveis, de grande importância para o rendimento na indústria de produtos de tomate, foi de 5,2ºBrix nos acessos Chico Grande e San Marzano, seguido pelos acessos Amish Paste e EUA 05 com os valores médios de 4,7ºBrix. O balanço entre acidez e o teor de açúcar no fruto, estabelecido pela relação SS/AT (°Brix/% foram de 12,7, 19,2, 15,5, 15,7 para os acessos San Marzano, Chico Grande, Amish Paste e EUA 05, respectivamente. Frutos de alta qualidade contêm a relação SS/ AT maior que 10. Tomates com boa coloração apresentam teores de licopeno na faixa de 5 a 8mg/100 gramas (5000 a 8000μg/100g de polpa. O acesso San Marzano apresentou maior teor médio deste carotenoide (6029μg/100g, seguido do acesso EUA 05 (4073μg /100g, não diferentes signi- ficativamente (p>0,05. Os acessos com maiores teores de licopeno também se destacaram por apresentar coloração mais vermelha. O acesso San Marzano apresentou casca com colora

  12. Formação às avessas: problematizando a simetria invertida na educação continuada de professores Education in reverse: Problematizing inverted symmetry in continuing education for teachers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adolfo Samuel de Oliveira

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho busca problematizar a implementação do modelo de formação docente prescrito pela legislação educacional brasileira, por meio da análise de um Programa de Educação Continuada, o PEC Formação Universitária Municípios, realizado no estado de São Paulo, entre 2003 e 2004. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa. Contou com observações em contextos de ensino on-line e off-line, durante 18 meses, e coleta de materiais de natureza diversa: documentos oficiais, notas de campo, entrevistas, além de trabalhos produzidos pelas alunas-professoras, em especial uma modalidade de trabalho chamada escritas de memórias. O marco teórico fundamenta-se na teoria do habitus de Bourdieu e nas contribuições de seus críticos contemporâneos. Ao investigar os processos formativos inerentes à condição de aluna das docentes, intenta-se analisar as relações entre as situações de aprendizagem observadas ao longo do desenvolvimento do Programa e o modo como foram apropriadas pelas professoras. As análises desenvolvidas permitem afirmar que muitas das reflexões feitas pelas professoras, quando na situação de alunas, tiveram origem em um processo de aprendizagem não previsto, e até mesmo ignorado, pelo Programa. Esse processo, denominado neste trabalho de formação às avessas, colocou em causa o princípio da simetria invertida, pelo qual o Programa de Educação Continuada de Formação de Professores (PEC se orientou, e, por conseguinte, alguns dos fundamentos pedagógicos do modelo em análise.This paper seeks to problematize the implementation of the model of teacher education prescribed by the Brazilian educational legislation, through the analysis of a Continuing Education Program, PEC Formação Universitária Municípios (PEC Higher Education Municipalities, held in São Paulo, from 2003 to 2004. The research is qualitative in nature. It included observations within online and offline teaching contexts over 18 months, and

  13. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) regulatory region variation in non-human primates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roodgar, Morteza; Ross, Cody T; Kenyon, Nicholas J; Marcelino, Gretchen; Smith, David Glenn

    2015-04-01

    Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an enzyme that plays a key role in intracellular immune response against respiratory infections. Since various species of nonhuman primates exhibit different levels of susceptibility to infectious respiratory diseases, and since variation in regulatory regions of genes is thought to play a key role in expression levels of genes, two candidate regulatory regions of iNOS were mapped, sequenced, and compared across five species of nonhuman primates: African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus), pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and Chinese rhesus macaques (M. mulatta). In addition, we conducted an in silico analysis of the transcription factor binding sites associated with genetic variation in these two candidate regulatory regions across species. We found that only one of the two candidate regions showed strong evidence of involvement in iNOS regulation. Specifically, we found evidence of 13 conserved binding site candidates linked to iNOS regulation: AP-1, C/EBPB, CREB, GATA-1, GATA-3, NF-AT, NF-AT5, NF-κB, KLF4, Oct-1, PEA3, SMAD3, and TCF11. Additionally, we found evidence of interspecies variation in binding sites for several regulatory elements linked to iNOS (GATA-3, GATA-4, KLF6, SRF, STAT-1, STAT-3, OLF-1 and HIF-1) across species, especially in African green monkeys relative to other species. Given the key role of iNOS in respiratory immune response, the findings of this study might help guide the direction of future studies aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of African green monkeys to several viral and bacterial respiratory infections. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. The implications of free allocation versus auctioning of EU ETS allowances for the power sector in the Netherlands

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sijm, J.P.M.; Hers, J.S.; Lise, W.

    2008-12-01

    The main objective of the present study is to analyse the implications of shifting from free allocation to auctioning of EU ETS allowances (EUAs) for the power sector in the Netherlands. In order to achieve this objective, this study has used three methodological approaches, including theoretical, empirical and model analyses of the impact of free allocations versus auctioning of EUAs on the power sector, notably in the Netherlands. In addition, as Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plays a major role in the electricity sector of the Netherlands, the present study also pays some particular attention to the implications of shifting from free allocation to EUA auctioning for the CHP sector in the Netherlands

  15. nNOS inhibitors attenuate methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity but not hyperthermia in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Itzhak, Y; Martin, J L; Ail, S F

    2000-09-11

    Methamphetamine (METH)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is associated with hyperthermia. We investigated the effect of several neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors on METH-induced hyperthermia and striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Administration of METH (5 mg/kg; q. 3 h x 3) to Swiss Webster mice produced marked hyperthermia and 50-60% depletion of striatal dopaminergic markers 72 h after METH administration. Pretreatment with the nNOS inhibitors S-methylthiocitrulline (SMTC; 10 mg/kg) or 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole (3-Br-7-NI; 20 mg/kg) before each METH injection did not affect the persistent hyperthermia produced by METH, but afforded protection against the depletion of dopaminergic markers. A low dose (25 mg/kg) of the nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) did not affect METH-induced hyperthermia, but a high dose (50 mg/kg) produced significant hypothermia. These findings indicate that low dose of selective nNOS inhibitors protect against METH-induced neurotoxicity with no effect on body temperature and support the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite have a major role in METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.

  16. Offre pour nos membres

    CERN Multimedia

    Staff Association

    2016-01-01

    Walibi Rhône-Alpes accueille son événement Halloween FreakShow le week-end du 15 et 16 octobre puis tous les jours du 20 octobre au 02 novembre 2016 ! ouverture prolongée jusqu’à 19h et feu d’artifices chaque soir 29, 30 et 31 octobre ! Loup-garou show; 1 labyrinthe; jeu de piste sur le parc (et nombreux lots à gagner); animations (sculpture sur citrouilles et maquillage) et d'autres surpises ! Tarifs pour nos membres : Entrée "Zone terrestre": 23 € au lieu de 29 €. Entrée gratuite pour les enfants de moins de 3 ans, avec accès aux attractions limité. Parking gratuit.

  17. Promoção de comportamentos proativos em reeducandos em processo de reintegração: Um relato de experiência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Amorim-Gaudêncio

    Full Text Available O presente relato baseia-se em um projeto de extensão universitária da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, realizado com condenados do regime aberto, semiaberto e livramento condicional que trabalham na Secretaria de Estado da Administração Penitenciária e em seus convênios. O trabalho prático de intervenção foi realizado com base nos princípios da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e teve como objetivo proporcionar uma formação continuada através da promoção de comportamentos socialmente adaptados e aperfeiçoamento das relações interpessoais no trabalho. A partir do processo de intervenção, observou-se uma implementação de comportamentos pró sociais e diminuição da reincidência criminal.

  18. EAD sim, mas com qual biblioteca?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Solange Puntel Mostafa

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available Discute a importância da biblioteca virtual para o ensino a distância de qualquer curso; para tal o bibliotecário deve ser elemento indispensável na equipe de EAD uma vez que ele conhece as fontes e as formas de organização da informação, o que lhe possibilita atuar inclusive como tutor. Recomenda-se a intervenção do bibliotecário já na fase de planejamento do curso de tal forma que a biblioteca resultante seja um produto/processo tão importante quanto os demais componentes curriculares e customizada ao curso em questão. Destaca a gestão da informação nos sites educacionais, essa outra modalidade de EAD na formação continuada de professores.

  19. iNOS Activity Modulates Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Tissue Fibrosis in Polyether-Polyurethane Synthetic Implants

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cassini-Vieira, Puebla; Araújo, Fernanda Assis; da Costa Dias, Filipi Leles; Russo, Remo Castro; Andrade, Silvia Passos; Teixeira, Mauro Martins; Barcelos, Luciola Silva

    2015-01-01

    There is considerable interest in implantation techniques and scaffolds for tissue engineering and, for safety and biocompatibility reasons, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis need to be determined. The contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of the foreign body reaction induced by subcutaneous implantation of a synthetic matrix was never investigated. Here, we examined the role of iNOS in angiogenesis, inflammation, and collagen deposition induced by polyether-polyurethane synthetic implants, using mice with targeted disruption of the iNOS gene (iNOS−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice. The hemoglobin content and number of vessels were decreased in the implants of iNOS−/− mice compared to WT mice 14 days after implantation. VEGF levels were also reduced in the implants of iNOS−/− mice. In contrast, the iNOS−/− implants exhibited an increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. However, no alterations were observed in levels of CXCL1 and CCL2, chemokines related to neutrophil and macrophage migration, respectively. Furthermore, the implants of iNOS−/− mice showed boosted collagen deposition. These data suggest that iNOS activity controls inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in polyether-polyurethane synthetic implants and that lack of iNOS expression increases foreign body reaction to implants in mice. PMID:26106257

  20. A central role of eNOS in the protective effect of wine against metabolic syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leighton, Federico; Miranda-Rottmann, Soledad; Urquiaga, Inés

    2006-01-01

    The positive health effects derived from moderate wine consumption are pleiotropic. They appear as improvements in cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipids, haemostatic mechanisms, endothelial function and antioxidant defences. The active principles would be ethanol and mainly polyphenols. Results from our and other laboratories support the unifying hypothesis that the improvements in risk factors after red wine consumption are mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Many genes are involved, but the participation of eNOS would be a constant feature. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The National Cholesterol Education Programmmes Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III) clinical definition of the metabolic syndrome requires the presence of at least three risk factors, from among abdominal obesity, high plasma triacylglycerols, low plasma HDL, high blood pressure and high fasting plasma glucose. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic syndrome are not known. Since metabolic syndrome apparently affects 10-30% of the population in the world, research on its pathogenesis and control is needed. The recent finding that eNOS knockout mice present a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors comparable to those of the metabolic syndrome suggests that defects in eNOS function may cause human metabolic syndrome. These mice are hypertensive, insulin resistant and dyslipidemic. Further support for a pathogenic role of eNOS comes from the finding in humans that eNOS polymorphisms associate with insulin resistance and diabetes, with hypertension, with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and with albuminuria. So, the data sustain the hypothesis that eNOS enhancement should reduce metabolic syndrome incidence and its consequences. Therefore red wine, since it enhances eNOS function, should be considered as a potential tool for the control of metabolic

  1. A meta-analysis of eNOS and ACE gene polymorphisms and risk of pre-eclampsia in women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaik, A P; Sultana, A; Bammidi, V K; Sampathirao, K; Jamil, K

    2011-10-01

    A meta-analyses of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms in pre-eclampsia was performed. We shortlisted 33 studies (17 for ACE; 16 for eNOS gene polymorphisms), of which 29 articles (16 for ACE and 15 for eNOS) were analysed. Overall, 1,620 cases with pre-eclampsia and 2,158 controls were analysed for intron 16 insertion-deletion polymorphism in ACE gene. A total of 1,610 subjects with pre-eclampsia and 2,875 controls were analysed for the Glu298Asp in eNOS gene. Overall, the random-effects odds ratio (OR) with Glu298Asp in eNOS gene was 0.958 (95% confidence intervals, CI 0.747-1.228, p > 0.05), and for the insertion-deletion/ACE polymorphism was 0.987 (95% CI 0.698-1.395, p > 0.05). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the studies that evaluated polymorphisms in ACE (Q value = 55.6; I(2) = 73; p value = 0.000); and eNOS (Q value = 37.2; I(2) = 62.4; p value = 0.001) polymorphisms. No significant risk of pre-eclampsia was observed in both eNOS and ACE genes with these polymorphisms.

  2. Efeitos do controle glicêmico obtido em curto prazo sobre a microalbuminúria e a filtração glomerular em pacientes diabéticos do tipo 2 com controle glicêmico precário

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clarissa Baia Bargas Uezima

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O controle intensivo da glicemia reduz significativamente o risco de desenvolvimento de complicações microvasculares, incluindo a nefropatia. OBJETIVOS: Foi avaliado o impacto do controle glicêmico, por meio do cálculo da glicemia média semanal (GMS e variabilidade glicêmica (VG, sobre a pressão arterial (PA nas 24 horas (MAPA, excreção urinária de albumina (EUA e taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG. MÉTODOS: 53 pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2, dividida aleatoriamente em dois grupos para receber tratamento convencional ou intensivo. Esse último incluía visitas semanais para ajustes da medicação e aplicação de um plano educacional durante seis semanas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se controle glicêmico (GMS 120 mmHg e que se reduziu de 138,4 ± 10,1 para 127,8 ± 11,6 mmHg (p = 0,023 ao final das seis semanas. Foram observadas reduções da PAS e PA diastólica (PAD na vigília e durante o sono, que não ocorreram no grupo (n = 17 sem controle glicêmico e PAS >120 mmHg. Inicialmente, 15 pacientes apresentavam TFG >120 mL/min, sendo que após seis semanas, apenas o subgrupo que alcançou controle glicêmico (n = 7 mostrou redução de 137,2 ± 16 para 122,2 ± 25,2 mL/min (p = 0,02. No inicio do estudo, outros quinze pacientes apresentavam microalbuminúria. Após seis semanas, independente de terem alcançado o controle glicêmico preconizado, observou-se redução da EUA de 63,0 ± 43,1 para 24,8 ± 19,5 mg/g de creatinina (p = 0,02. CONCLUSÃO: Assim, o controle glicêmico obtido em curto prazo resultou na redução da PA, da TFG e da EUA nos pacientes com DM2 que apresentavam alterações desses parâmetros, alterações benéficas no que se refere à proteção renal.

  3. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, Verified, High Low

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has verified (quality-controlled), daily, high low water level (tide) data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services...

  4. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, Preliminary, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has recent, preliminary (not quality-controlled), 6-minute, water level (tide) data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and...

  5. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, Preliminary, 1-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has recent, preliminary (not quality-controlled), 1-minute, water level (tide) data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and...

  6. NOAA/NOS and USCGS Seabed Descriptions from Hydrographic Surveys

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The NOAA/NOS and USCGS Seabed Descriptions from Hydrographic Surveys database is a compilation of surficial sediment composition from multiple sources for over...

  7. Elementary school science teachers' reflection for nature of science: Workshop of NOS explicit and reflective on force and motion learning activity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patho, Khanittha; Yuenyong, Chokchai; Chamrat, Suthida

    2018-01-01

    The nature of science has been part of Thailand's science education curriculum since 2008. However, teachers lack of understanding about the nature of science (NOS) and its teaching, particularly element school science teachers. In 2012, the Science Institute of Thailand MOE, started a project of Elementary Science Teacher Professional Development to enhance their thinking about the Nature of Science. The project aimed to enhance teachers' understanding of NOS, science teaching for explicit and reflective NOS, with the aim of extending their understanding of NOS to other teachers. This project selected 366 educational persons. The group was made up of a teacher and a teacher supervisor from 183 educational areas in 74 provinces all Thailand. The project provided a one week workshop and a year's follow up. The week-long workshop consisted of 11 activities of science teaching for explicit reflection on 8 aspects of NOS. Workshop of NOS explicit and reflective on force and motion learning activity is one of eight activities. This activity provided participants to learn force and motion and NOS from the traditional toy "Bang-Poh". The activity tried to enhance participants to explicit NOS for 5 aspects including empirical basis, subjectivity, creativity, observation and inference, and sociocultural embeddedness. The explicit NOS worksheet provided questions to ask participants to reflect their existing ideas about NOS. The paper examines elementary school science teachers' understanding of NOS from the force and motion learning activity which provided explicit reflection on 5 NOS aspects. An interpretive paradigm was used to analyse the teachers' reflections in a NOS worksheet. The findings indicated that majority of them could reflect about the empirical basis of science and creativity but few reflected on observation and inference, or sociocultural embeddedness. The paper will explain the teachers' NOS thinking and discuss the further enhancing of their understanding

  8. Older People's Discourses About Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: A Foucauldian Exploration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lamers, Carolien P T; Williams, Rebecca R

    2016-12-01

    This study aims to contribute an alternative understanding of the position of older people in the euthanasia and assisted suicide (EU/AS) debate. Seven interviews were analyzed using Foucauldian discourse analysis, to explore concepts like knowledge, power, subjectification and surveillance. The participants presented a "confused and conflicted" discourse, expressing the view that EU/AS is a family affair, whilst also articulating a strong sense of self-determination. Although a discourse of the medicalization of dying through medical control and surveillance was endorsed, an alternative discourse of "dying outside the medical gaze" emerged. Participants, who were in favor of EU/AS, felt "voiceless," as apparent double standards were applied in the debate, and powerful others, for example, physicians and politicians, seemed reluctant to engage. Within an "aged death" discourse, the anticipated dependency on poor care from (professional) others, made participants consider EU/AS as ways of avoiding this stage of life and the associated loss of dignity. By using Foucauldian discourse analysis, alternative power relationships were revealed which might give a different interpretation to the concept of the "slippery slope." Societal discourses and related behaviors, which devalue the dependent and old, might become internalized by older people, leading them to consider EU/AS as preferable end-of-life options. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  9. Differential response of nNOS knockout mice to MDMA ("ecstasy")- and methamphetamine-induced psychomotor sensitization and neurotoxicity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Itzhak, Yossef; Anderson, Karen L; Ali, Syed F

    2004-10-01

    It has been shown that mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene are resistant to cocaine-induced psychomotor sensitization and methamphetamine (METH)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that nNOS has a major role in dopamine (DA)- but not serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)-mediated effects of psychostimulants. The response of nNOS knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to the psychomotor-stimulating and neurotoxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy") and METH were investigated. Repeated administration of MDMA for 5 days resulted in psychomotor sensitization in both WT and nNOS KO mice, while repeated administration of METH caused psychomotor sensitization in WT but not in KO mice. Sensitization to both MDMA and METH was persistent for 40 days in WT mice, but not in nNOS KO mice. These findings suggest that the induction of psychomotor sensitization to MDMA and METH is NO independent and NO dependent, respectively, while the persistence of sensitization to both drugs is NO dependent. For the neurochemical studies, a high dose of MDMA caused marked depletion of 5-HT in several brain regions of both WT and KO mice, suggesting that the absence of the nNOS gene did not afford protection against MDMA-induced depletion of 5-HT. Striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity caused by high doses of MDMA and METH in WT mice was partially prevented in KO mice administered with MDMA, but it was fully precluded in KO mice administered with METH. The differential response of nNOS KO mice to the behavioral and neurotoxic effects of MDMA and METH suggests that the nNOS gene is required for the expression and persistence of DA-mediated effects of METH and MDMA, while 5-HT-mediated effects of MDMA (induction of sensitization and 5-HT depletion) are not dependent on nNOS.

  10. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Relative Humidity, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Relative Humidity data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not...

  11. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, Verified, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has verified (quality-controlled), 6-minute, water level (tide) data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS)....

  12. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Air Temperature, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Air Temperature data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not...

  13. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Water Temperature, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Water Temperature data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not...

  14. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Barometric Pressure, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Barometric Pressure data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not...

  15. eNOS se correlaciona com a biogênese mitocondrial em corações com cardiopatia congênita e cianose eNOS correlates with mitochondrial biogenesis in hearts of congenital heart disease with cyanosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Xiao

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O programa de biogênese mitocondrial no coração parece apresentar remodelação adaptativa após estresse biomecânico e oxidativo. Os mecanismos adaptativos que protegem o metabolismo do miocárdio durante a hipóxia são coordenados, em parte, pelo óxido nítrico (NO. OBJETIVO: Observar a biogênese mitocondrial e expressão do óxido nítrico sintase (NOS em corações de cardiopatia congênita com cianose; discutir a resposta mitocondrial à hipóxia crônica do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Foram investigados 20 pacientes com defeitos cardíacos cianóticos (n = 10 ou acianóticos (n = 10. Foram estudadas amostras do miocárdio na via de saída ventricular direita, tomadas durante a operação. A análise morfométrica de mitocôndrias foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. A relação mtDNA/nDNA foi determinada com PCR em tempo real. Os níveis de transcrição da subunidade I da citocromo c oxidase (COXI, coativador-1α do receptor γ ativado por proliferador de peroxissoma (PGC-1α, o fator respiratório nuclear 1 (NRF1, e fator de transcrição mitocondrial A (Tfam foram detectados por reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR ativado por fluorescência em tempo real. Os níveis proteicos de COXI e nNOS, iNOS e eNOS foram medidos por técnica de Western Blot. RESULTADOS: A densidade volumétrica mitocondrial (Vv e a densidade numérica (Nv foram significativamente elevadas em pacientes com cianose, em comparação com a cardiopatia congênita acianótica. MtDNA elevada e suprarregulação dos níveis de COXI, PGC-1 α, NRF1 e Tfam mRNA foram observadas em pacientes cianóticos. Os níveis de proteína de COXI e eNOS foram significativamente maiores no miocárdio de pacientes cianóticos que nos de acianóticos. Os níveis de transcrição do PGC-1α se correlacionam com os níveis de eNOS. CONCLUSÃO: A biogênese mitocondrial é ativada no miocárdio da via de saída ventricular na

  16. NOS CO-OPS Meteorological Data, Rain Fall, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has Rain Fall data from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). WARNING: These preliminary data have not been...

  17. NOS3 Variants, Physical Activity, and Blood Pressure in the European Youth Heart Study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grøntved, Anders; Andersen, Lars Bo; Franks, Paul W

    2011-01-01

    BackgroundIn this study, we examined the influence of genetic variation in NOS3 on resting blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents from the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS). Because the NOS3 gene expression is altered by physical activity (PA), we also tested for interaction between...

  18. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase-rescue of dystrophin/utrophin double knockout mice does not require nNOS localization to the cell membrane.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michelle Wehling-Henricks

    Full Text Available Survival of dystrophin/utrophin double-knockout (dko mice was increased by muscle-specific expression of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS transgene. Dko mice expressing the transgene (nNOS TG+/dko experienced delayed onset of mortality and increased life-span. The nNOS TG+/dko mice demonstrated a significant decrease in the concentration of CD163+, M2c macrophages that can express arginase and promote fibrosis. The decrease in M2c macrophages was associated with a significant reduction in fibrosis of heart, diaphragm and hindlimb muscles of nNOS TG+/dko mice. The nNOS transgene had no effect on the concentration of cytolytic, CD68+, M1 macrophages. Accordingly, we did not observe any change in the extent of muscle fiber lysis in the nNOS TG+/dko mice. These findings show that nNOS/NO (nitric oxide-mediated decreases in M2c macrophages lead to a reduction in the muscle fibrosis that is associated with increased mortality in mice lacking dystrophin and utrophin. Interestingly, the dramatic and beneficial effects of the nNOS transgene were not attributable to localization of nNOS protein at the cell membrane. We did not detect any nNOS protein at the sarcolemma in nNOS TG+/dko muscles. This important observation shows that sarcolemmal localization is not necessary for nNOS to have beneficial effects in dystrophic tissue and the presence of nNOS in the cytosol of dystrophic muscle fibers can ameliorate the pathology and most importantly, significantly increase life-span.

  19. Educação continuada em enfermagem psiquiátrica: reflexão sobre conceitos Educación continua en enfermería psiquiátrica: reflexión sobre conceptos Continuing education in psychiatric nursing: a reflection on concepts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria da Graça Girade

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available A preocupação com programas para capacitar o enfermeiro, para atuar em enfermagem psiquiátrica, levou-nos a este estudo, o primeiro da linha de pesquisa "Desenvolvimento do pessoal de enfermagem na área da psiquiatria e saúde mental". O objetivo deste foi fazer uma reflexão sobre os conceitos de educação continuada, em serviço e permanente existentes na literatura mais recente sobre o assunto. Para o levantamento bibliográfico dos conceitos em pauta, utilizamos as bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, dissertações e teses da área da enfermagem e alguns títulos clássicos sobre o assunto. Após análise dos conceitos e discussão com peritos, concluímos que a denominação educação contínua em serviço é a que guarda mais consonância com os autores e peritos consultados e a que mais atende às demandas de conhecimento existentes na área de assistência de enfermagem psiquiátrica rumo à qualidade da assistência.La preocupación con programas para capacitar al enfermero, para actuar en enfermería psiquiátrica, nos llevó realizar este estudio, el primero de la línea de investigación "Desarrollo del personal de enfermería en el área de la psiquiatría y salud mental". El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una reflexión sobre los conceptos de educación continua, en servicio y permanente existentes en la literatura más reciente sobre el asunto. Para el levantamiento bibliográfico de los conceptos mencionados, utilizamos las bases de datos MEDLINE y LILACS, disertaciones y tesis del área de la enfermería y algunos títulos clásicos sobre el asunto. Después del análisis de los conceptos y discusión con expertos, concluimos que la denominación educación continua en servicio es la que guarda más consonancia con los autores y expertos consultados y la que más atiende a las demandas del conocimiento existentes en el área de la asistencia de enfermería psiquiátrica rumbo a la calidad de la asistencia.The concern with

  20. L-Citrulline Protects Skeletal Muscle Cells from Cachectic Stimuli through an iNOS-Dependent Mechanism.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel J Ham

    Full Text Available Dietary L-citrulline is thought to modulate muscle protein turnover by increasing L-arginine availability. To date, the direct effects of increased L-citrulline concentrations in muscle have been completely neglected. Therefore, we determined the role of L-citrulline in regulating cell size during catabolic conditions by depriving mature C2C12 myotubes of growth factors (serum free; SF or growth factors and nutrients (HEPES buffered saline; HBS. Cells were treated with L-citrulline or equimolar concentrations of L-arginine (positive control or L-alanine (negative control and changes in cell size and protein turnover were assessed. In myotubes incubated in HBS or SF media, L-citrulline improved rates of protein synthesis (HBS: +63%, SF: +37% and myotube diameter (HBS: +18%, SF: +29%. L-citrulline treatment substantially increased iNOS mRNA expression (SF: 350%, HBS: 750%. The general NOS inhibitor L-NAME and the iNOS specific inhibitor aminoguanidine prevented these effects in both models. Depriving myotubes in SF media of L-arginine or L-leucine, exacerbated wasting which was not attenuated by L-citrulline. The increased iNOS mRNA expression was temporally associated with increases in mRNA of the endogenous antioxidants SOD1, SOD3 and catalase. Furthermore, L-citrulline prevented inflammation (LPS and oxidative stress (H2O2 induced muscle cell wasting. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel direct protective effect of L-citrulline on skeletal muscle cell size independent of L-arginine that is mediated through induction of the inducible NOS (iNOS isoform. This discovery of a nutritional modulator of iNOS mRNA expression in skeletal muscle cells could have substantial implications for the treatment of muscle wasting conditions.

  1. Non-ergodicity of Nosé–Hoover dynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Legoll, Frédéric; Luskin, Mitchell; Moeckel, Richard

    2009-01-01

    The Nosé–Hoover dynamics is a deterministic method that is commonly used to sample the canonical Gibbs measure. This dynamics extends the physical Hamiltonian dynamics by the addition of a 'thermostat' variable, which is coupled nonlinearly with the physical variables. The accuracy of the method depends on the dynamics being ergodic. Numerical experiments have been published earlier that are consistent with non-ergodicity of the dynamics for some model problems. The authors recently proved the non-ergodicity of the Nosé–Hoover dynamics for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. In this paper, this result is extended to non-harmonic one-dimensional systems. We also show that, for some multidimensional systems, the averaged dynamics for the limit of infinite thermostat 'mass' has many invariants, thus giving theoretical support for either non-ergodicity or slow ergodization. Numerical experiments for a two-dimensional central force problem and the one-dimensional pendulum problem give evidence for non-ergodicity

  2. Modulation of liver mitochondrial NOS is implicated in thyroid-dependent regulation of O(2) uptake.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carreras, M C; Peralta, J G; Converso, D P; Finocchietto, P V; Rebagliati, I; Zaninovich, A A; Poderoso, J J

    2001-12-01

    Changes in O(2) uptake at different thyroid status have been explained on the basis of the modulation of mitochondrial enzymes and membrane biophysical properties. Regarding the nitric oxide (NO) effects, we tested whether liver mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) participates in the modulation of O(2) uptake in thyroid disorders. Wistar rats were inoculated with 400 microCi (131)I (hypothyroid group), 20 microg thyroxine (T(4))/100 g body wt administered daily for 2 wk (hyperthyroid group) or vehicle (control). Basal metabolic rate, mitochondrial function, and mtNOS activity were analyzed. Systemic and liver mitochondrial O(2) uptake and cytochrome oxidase activity were lower in hypothyroid rats with respect to controls; mitochondrial parameters were further decreased by L-arginine (-42 and -34%, P activity (260%) were selectively increased in hypothyroidism and reverted by hormone replacement without changes in other nitric oxide isoforms. Moreover, mtNOS activity correlated with serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) and O(2) uptake. Increased mtNOS activity was also observed in skeletal muscle mitochondria from hypothyroid rats. Therefore, we suggest that modulation of mtNOS is a substantial part of thyroid effects on mitochondrial O(2) uptake.

  3. Fluxo do transporte de suínos para abate no Estado de Mato Grosso

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira,Thuanny Lúcia; Corassa,Anderson

    2014-01-01

    Objetivou-se descrever o fluxo de suínos para abate produzidos no Estado de Mato Grosso entre os anos de 2008 e 2012. Foram utilizados dados de 9.426.729 suínos produzidos no Estado de Mato Grosso e transportados para abate de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2012, no qual realizou-se análise descritiva das informações, com frequências de origem e destino; machos e fêmeas em função dos meses e anos e as distâncias percorridas. Observou-se crescimento no número de viagens e de suínos transportado...

  4. Nitrous oxide discretely up-regulates nNOS and p53 in neonatal rat brain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cattano, D; Valleggi, S; Abramo, A; Forfori, F; Maze, M; Giunta, F

    2010-06-01

    Animal studies suggest that neuronal cell death often results from anesthetic administration during synaptogenesis. Volatile anesthetics are strongly involved in triggering neuronal apoptosis, whereas other inhalational agents (xenon) demonstrate protective effects. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has modest pro-apoptotic effects on its own and potent, synergistic toxic effects when combined with volatile agents. Recent findings suggest that, during periods of rapid brain development, the enhanced neurodegeneration triggered by anesthetic drugs may be caused by a compensatory increase in intracellular free calcium, a potent activator of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Anesthesia-induced neuro-apoptosis is also activated via the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptotic pathways because both pathways involve p53, a key regulatory gene. The molecular events related to neuronal cell apoptosis are not completely understood. To gain further insight into the events underlying neuro-apoptosis, we analyzed the transcriptional consequences of N2O exposure on nNOS, iNOS and p53 mRNA levels. The study used 2 groups of postnatal day seven Sprague/Dawley rats (N=6 each) that were exposed for 120 minutes to air (75% N2, 25% O2) or N2O (75% N2O, 25% O2; this N2O concentration is commonly used to induce anesthesia and has been demonstrated to trigger neurodegeneration in postnatal day seven rats). Total RNA was isolated from each brain and expression analyses on iNOS and nNOS transcripts were performed using relative Real-Time C-reactive protein PCR (using G3PDH as a housekeeping gene). A semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed on the p53 transcript (using Ciclophylin A as a housekeeping gene). Statistical analysis (REST 2005) revealed a significant, 11-fold up-regulation (P=0.026) of the nNOS transcript but no significant changes in iNOS transcription. The p53 mRNA was up-regulated almost 2-fold (P=0.0002; Student's t-Test; GraphPad Prism 4.00) in N2O-treated samples relative to

  5. Induction of expression of iNOS by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in human leukocytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ratajczak-Wrona, Wioletta; Jablonska, Ewa; Jablonski, Jakub; Marcinczyk, Magdalena

    2009-01-01

    The aim of this study was to assess the influence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as production of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by human neutrophils (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the participation of the p38 MAPK kinase in this process. Furthermore, the ability of neutrophils to release superoxide anion was determined. The influence of N-nitrosodimethylamine on iNOS expression was determined in isolated PMN and PBMC cells from peripheral blood of healthy individuals. The mononuclear cells showed higher sensitivity to NDMA. Moreover, cytotoxic effect of NDMA can be influenced in some way by the impact of this xenobiotic on nitric oxide and superoxide anion release from human leukocytes. Furthermore, increased generation of these radicals by human leukocytes suggest that neutrophils and mononuclear cells that are exposed to NDMA activity can play a key role in endogenous NDMA generation. However the relationship between iNOS expression and phospho-p38 MAPK in neutrophils and mononuclear cells shows that p38 MAPK pathway participates in induction of iNOS expression in the presence of NDMA.

  6. Resting Tension Affects eNOS Activity in a Calcium-Dependent Way in Airways

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paschalis-Adam Molyvdas

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available The alteration of resting tension (RT from 0.5 g to 2.5 g increased significantly airway smooth muscle contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh in rabbit trachea. The decrease in extracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]o from 2 mM to 0.2 mM reduced ACh-induced contractions only at 2.5 g RT with no effect at 0.5 g RT. The nonselective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME increased ACh-induced contractions at 2.5 g RT. The inhibitor of inducible NOS, S-methylsothiourea or neuronal NOS, 7-nitroindazole had no effect. At 2.5 g RT, the reduction of [Ca2+]o from 2 mM to 0.2 mM abolished the effect of L-NAME on ACh-induced contractions. The NO precursor L-arginine or the tyrosine kinase inhibitors erbstatin A and genistein had no effect on ACh-induced contractions obtained at 2.5 g RT. Our results suggest that in airways, RT affects ACh-induced contractions by modulating the activity of epithelial NOS in a calcium-dependent, tyrosine-phosphorylation-independent way.

  7. Population structure from NOS genes correlates with geographical differences in coronary incidence across Europe.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carreras-Torres, Robert; Ferran, Albert; Zanetti, Daniela; Esteban, Esther; Varesi, Laurent; Pojskic, Naris; Coia, Valentina; Chaabani, Hassen; Via, Marc; Moral, Pedro

    2016-12-01

    The population analysis of cardiovascular risk and non-risk genetic variation can help to identify adaptive or random demographic processes that shaped coronary incidence variation across geography. In this study, 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 17 tandem repeat polymorphisms from Nitric Oxide Synthases (NOS) regions were analyzed in 1686 individuals from 35 populations from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. NOS genes encode for key enzymes on nitric oxide availability, which is involved in several cardiovascular processes. These genetic variations were used to test for selection and to infer the population structure of NOS regions. Moreover, we tested whether the variation in the incidence of coronary events and in the levels of classical risk factors in 11 of these European populations could be explained by the population structure estimates. Our results supported, first, the absence of clear signs of selection for NOS genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases, and second, the presence of a continuous genetic pattern of variation across European and North African populations without a Mediterranean barrier for gene flow. Finally, population structure estimates from NOS regions are closely correlated with coronary event rates and classical risk parameters (explaining 39-98%) among European populations. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that genetic bases of cardiovascular diseases and associated complex phenotypes could be geographically shaped by random demographic processes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  8. Pubertal development of penile Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Conclusion: The number of NADPH-positive fibers increases with age; however similar tumescence was recorded following electrostimulation in all age groups. NOS-nerve growth correlates with serum testosterone level. The increase of NADPH-positive fibers was accompanied by a decrease in the delay of onset of penile ...

  9. Feasibility and dosimetry studies for 18F-NOS as a potential PET radiopharmaceutical for inducible nitric oxide synthase in humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herrero, Pilar; Laforest, Richard; Shoghi, Kooresh; Zhou, Dong; Ewald, Gregory; Pfeifer, John; Duncavage, Eric; Krupp, Kitty; Mach, Robert; Gropler, Robert

    2012-06-01

    Nitric oxide (NO), the end product of the inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS), is an important mediator of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, a radiolabeled iNOS radiopharmaceutical for assessing iNOS protein concentration as a marker for its activity would be of value to the study and treatment of NO-related diseases. We recently synthesized an (18)F-radiolabeled analog of the reversible NOS inhibitor, 2-amino-4-methylpyridine ((18)F-NOS), and confirmed its utility in a murine model of lung inflammation. To determine its potential for use in humans, we measured (18)F-NOS myocardial activity in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) and correlated it with pathologic allograft rejection, tissue iNOS levels, and calculated human radiation dosimetry. Two groups were studied-a kinetic analysis group and a dosimetry group. In the kinetic analysis group, 10 OHT patients underwent dynamic myocardial (18)F-NOS PET/CT, followed by endomyocardial biopsy. Myocardial (18)F-NOS PET was assessed using volume of distribution; standardized uptake values at 10 min; area under the myocardial moment curve (AUMC); and mean resident time at 5, 10, and 30 min after tracer injection. Tissue iNOS levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. In the dosimetry group, the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry were calculated using whole-body PET/CT in 4 healthy volunteers and 12 OHT patients. The combined time-activity curves were used for residence time calculation, and organ doses were calculated with OLINDA. Both AUMC at 10 min (P measurements with acceptable radiation exposure. Although further modifications to improve the performance of (18)F-NOS are needed, these data show the feasibility of PET of iNOS in the heart and other tissues.

  10. Fracionamento de manganês acumulado nos tecidos de mudas de caramboleira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amanda Hernandes

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available A caramboleira (Averrhoa carambola tende a acumular grande quantidade de Mn nos seus tecidos, mas são escassas as informações sobre a forma como o excesso desse nutriente permanece na planta. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o esclarecimento desse aspecto, neste trabalho foram cultivadas mudas de caramboleira em solução nutritiva de Furlani (1999 com concentrações crescentes de Mn (0; 0,5; 25; e 50 mg L-1 de Mn, e aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias os tecidos de caule, folha e raiz foram colhidos e submetidos a uma sequência de soluções extratoras: água, DTPA (ácido dietilenotriaminopentacético e HCl (ácido clorídrico 1 mol L-1, com posterior determinação da quantidade de Mn nos extratos e nos tecidos remanescentes. Foram encontrados teores crescentes de Mn nos extratos de água, DTPA e HCl 1 mol L-1. A maior parte (cerca de 50 % do Mn permaneceu no tecido vegetal, mesmo após subsequentes extrações com as diferentes soluções extratoras, indicando que essa parte está fortemente ligada aos tecidos. Os maiores teores de Mn foram encontrados nas raízes e, os menores, no caule e nas folhas, sugerindo que a caramboleira tende a fixar o Mn nas raízes, possivelmente como mecanismo para limitar o transporte para a parte área, evitando a intoxicação da planta.

  11. Phospho-eNOS Ser-1176 is associated with the nucleoli and the Golgi complex in C6 rat glioma cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klinz, Franz-Josef; Herberg, Natalie; Arnhold, Stefan; Addicks, Klaus; Bloch, Wilhelm

    2007-06-29

    Enzymatic activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is controlled by posttranslational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization. For example, N-terminal fatty acid modifications target eNOS to the Golgi complex where it becomes phosphorylated. We show here by immunofluorescence analysis that phospho-eNOS Ser-1176 is enriched in the perinuclear region of interphase C6 rat glioma cells. Confocal double immunofluorescence microscopy with the Golgi marker protein 58K revealed that phospho-eNOS Ser-1176 is associated with the Golgi complex. Surprisingly, we observed several spots in the nucleus of C6 cells that were positive for phospho-eNOS Ser-1176. Confocal double immunofluorescence analysis with the nucleolus marker protein fibrillarin revealed that within the nucleus phospho-eNOS Ser-1176 is exclusively associated with the nucleoli. It is known that in mitotic cells nucleoli are lost during prophase and rebuild during telophase. In agreement with this, we find no nucleoli-like distribution of phospho-eNOS Ser-1176 in metaphase and anaphase C6 glioma cells. Our finding that phospho-eNOS Ser-1176 is selectively associated with the nucleoli points to a so far unknown role for eNOS in interphase glioma cells.

  12. Conformance to Regulatory Guide 1.97, Perry Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-440 and 50-441)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Udy, A.C.

    1985-03-01

    This EG and G Idaho, Inc., report provides a review of the submittals for Regulatory Guide 1.97, Revision 2, for the Perry Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2. Any exception to the guidelines of Regulatory Guide 1.97 are evaluated

  13. FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES: A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS PARA A JUVENTUDE EM FOCO

    OpenAIRE

    Marcel Thiago Damasceno Ribeiro; Irene Cristinna de Mello; Mariuce Campos de Moraes; Elane Chaveiro Soares

    2016-01-01

    Este artigo tem o objetivo descrever e analisar o percurso de organização e execução do curso de Pós-graduação Lato sensu em Educação de Jovens e Adultos para a Juventude na modalidade a distância. A sua oferta ocorreu no período de agosto de 2014 a maio de 2016, pelo Departamento de Química do Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), nos polos da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) de Colíder, Juara, Nova Xavantina e Pontes e Lacerda. O desenvol...

  14. KONSUMSI MIKRONUTRIEN DAN EKSPRESI GEN eNOS3 ALEL INTRO 4a4b PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI ETNIK MINANGKABAU

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delmi Sulastri

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available AbstrakGen eNOS3 varian intron 4a4b merupakan salah satu gen yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi esensial. Kemampuan Gen eNOS3 varian ini untuk mensintesis enzim nitric oxide synthase (NOS berkurang sehingga sintesis Nitric oxide (NO menurun. Senyawa NO adalah suatu senyawa vasoaktif yang menyebabkan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah.Penelitian pada subjek hipertensi dan normotensi berusia 30-65 tahun bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh mikronutrien terhadap ekspresi gen eNOS3 alel intron 4a4b. 130 subjek, diwawancara pola makannya lalu dilakukan analisis asupan mikronutrien, gen eNOS3, serta kadar NO plasma. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan chi-square.Kadar NO plasma penderita hipertensi adalah 26.91 + 15.40 μM/L dan normotensi 25.79 + 15.04 μM/L. 55.5% subjek hipertensi memiliki gen eNOS3 varian intron 4b dan 69% subjek normotensi mempunyai varian intron 4a4b. Kadar NO plasma rendah, (66.7% ditemukan pada subjek hipertensi dengan varian intron 4b. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna asupan mikronutrien dengan kadar NO plasma pada subjek hipertensi.Hasil ini tidak mendukung pengaruh konsumsi mikronutrien terhadap kadar NO plasma pada penderita hipertensi dengan gen eNOS3 varian intron 4a4b.Kata Kunci : hipertensi esensial, gen eNOS3, kadar NO plasmaAbstracteNOS 3 gene intron 4a4b allel is one of the important genes which is related to hypertesion essensial. This gene expresses the nitric oxide synthase (NOS enzyme which regulates the synthesis of Nitric oxide (NO in human body. NO causes vasodilatation, which decreases peripheral resistant and blood pressure.A research has been done based on cross sectional study on hypertension patients and those with normal blood pressure in the range of 30-65 years old. The main of this research is to evaluate the influence of micronutrient consumption on eNOS3 gene intron 4a4b allel expression in hypertension subjects in Minangkabau ethnicity. 130 subjects interviewed about micronutrient

  15. IL-10 and NOS2 modulate antigen-specific reactivity and nerve infiltration by T cells in experimental leprosy.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Deanna A Hagge

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Although immunopathology dictates clinical outcome in leprosy, the dynamics of early and chronic infection are poorly defined. In the tuberculoid region of the spectrum, Mycobacterium leprae growth is restricted yet a severe granulomatous lesion can occur. The evolution and maintenance of chronic inflammatory processes like those observed in the leprosy granuloma involve an ongoing network of communications via cytokines. IL-10 has immunosuppressive properties and IL-10 genetic variants have been associated with leprosy development and reactions.The role of IL-10 in resistance and inflammation in leprosy was investigated using Mycobacterium leprae infection of mice deficient in IL-10 (IL-10-/-, as well as mice deficient in both inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2-/- and IL-10 (10NOS2-/-. Although a lack of IL-10 did not affect M. leprae multiplication in the footpads (FP, inflammation increased from C57Bl/6 (B6NOS2-/-<10NOS2-/-. While IL-10-/- mice exhibited modest FP induration compared to B6, NOS2-/- and 10NOS2-/- mice developed markedly enlarged FP marking distinct phases: early (1 month, peak (3-4 months, and chronic (8 months. IFN-γ-producing CD4+CD44+ cells responding to M. leprae cell wall, membrane, and cytosol antigens and ML2028 (Ag85B were significantly increased in the evolved granuloma in NOS2-/- FP compared to B6 and IL-10-/- during early and peak phases. In 10NOS2-/- FP, CD4+CD44+ and especially CD8+CD44+ responses were augmented even further to these antigens as well as to ML0380 (GroES, ML2038 (bacterioferritin, and ML1877 (EF-Tu. Moreover, fragmented nerves containing CD4+ cells were present in 10NOS2-/- FP.The 10NOS2-/- strain offers insight on the regulation of granuloma formation and maintenance by immune modulators in the resistant forms of leprosy and presents a new model for investigating the pathogenesis of neurological involvement.

  16. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling and calorie restriction increase fasting eNOS, akt and mitochondrial biogenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cerqueira, Fernanda M; Laurindo, Francisco R M; Kowaltowski, Alicia J

    2011-03-31

    Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promoted by eNOS activation is believed to play a central role in the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR). Since treatment of mice with dinitrophenol (DNP) promotes health and lifespan benefits similar to those observed in CR, we hypothesized that it could also impact biogenesis. We found that DNP and CR increase citrate synthase activity, PGC-1α, cytochrome c oxidase and mitofusin-2 expression, as well as fasting plasma levels of NO• products. In addition, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue was activated in fasting CR and DNP animals. Overall, our results indicate that systemic mild uncoupling activates eNOS and Akt-dependent pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis.

  17. Psicologia escolar e formação continuada de professores em gênero e sexualidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marivete Gesser

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as contribuições teórico-metodológicas da Psicologia Escolar e áreas afins voltadas à formação de professores, para lidar com as questões relacionadas a gênero e sexualidade no contexto escolar. Para tanto, inicialmente se fará uma breve introdução, na qual serão identificados os documentos oficiais que norteiam a atuação dos profissionais da educação nas questões ligadas à sexualidade, com ênfase nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Em seguida, buscar-se-á problematizar o lugar ocupado pelo professor nessas políticas educacionais e os limites que esse profissional pode encontrar quando se propõe a realizar um trabalho de educação sexual na escola. Por fim, serão apontados alguns pressupostos que, sem se pautar na racionalidade instrumental, possibilitam que ele desenvolva estratégias para lidar com as expressões de sexualidade em sala de aula, a partir de uma perspectiva norteada pelos princípios dos direitos humanos, alteridade e protagonismo social.

  18. Intoxicação em suínos pela ingestão de sementes de Aeschynomene indica (Leg.Papilionoideae)

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira,Fabiano N.; Rech,Raquel R.; Rissi,Daniel R.; Barros,Ricardo R.; Barros,Claudio S.L.

    2005-01-01

    Relata-se um surto espontâneo de intoxicação em suínos pela ingestão de sementes de Aeschynomene indica e a reprodução da doença nessa espécie animal. O surto espontâneo ocorreu numa propriedade de criação de suínos localizada na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Nessa propriedade havia 100 suínos (20 matrizes e 80 suínos jovens de várias categorias). Os suínos eram alimentados com uma ração feita na propriedade pela mistura de 50% farelo de milho, 25% de farelo de soja, 5% de um suplement...

  19. ENCONTROS E DESENCONTROS ENTRE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA E PROFESSORES QUE ENSINAM MATEMÁTICA EM UM CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Laura Magalhães Gomes

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Apresentamos um estudo a partir de duas investigações sobre o LASEB-FaE-UFMG, curso de especialização que contemplava uma turma de Educação Matemática, no qual analisamos as relações construídas entre professores que ensinam Matemática e professores licenciados em Matemática. As pesquisas, concluídas em 2013, abordam a convivência, por dezoito meses, dos docentes atuantes no primeiro e no segundo segmentos do Ensino Fundamental, explicitando diferenciações e identidades. Entre encontros e desencontros, os docentes mostraram ter aprendido uns com os outros, ampliando sua formação nos conteúdos e no seu ensino, o que foi possibilitado pela abordagem eleita para o curso, pautada no campo da Educação Matemática. Percebemos ter se evidenciado, nos contatos, a afirmação das identidades dos docentes "generalistas" e "especialistas". A experiência se mostrou rica na construção de interações e aprendizagens sobre cada um, bem como sobre os processos formativos do Ensino Fundamental, remetendo-se a reflexões sobre a formação inicial docente.

  20. Eugenosedin-A improves glucose metabolism and inhibits MAPKs expression in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kuo-Ping Shen

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available This study examined the effects of eugenosedin-A (Eu-A in a streptozotocin (STZ/nicotinamide-induced rat model of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM. Six-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1 RD group, normal rats fed a regular diet (RD, (2 DM group, T2DM rats fed a high-fat diet, and (3 Eu-A group, T2DM rats fed a high fat diet plus oral Eu-A (5 mg/kg/day. After 30 days, the DM group had higher body weight, higher blood glucose and lower insulin levels than the RD group. The DM group also had increased protein expression of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK in liver and skeletal muscle and decreased protein expression of insulin receptor (IR, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1, IRS-2, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4, glucokinase (GCK, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ. STZ/nicotinamide-induced T2DM increased the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs: p38, ERK, JNK and inflammatory p65 protein. In the Eu-A treated T2DM rats, however, blood glucose was attenuated and the insulin concentration stimulated. Changes in IR, IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins as well as AMPK, GLUT-4, GCK, GSK, PPAR-γ, MAPKs, and inflammatory p65 proteins were ameliorated. These results suggested that Eu-A alleviates STZ/nicotinamide-induced hyperglycemia by improving insulin levels and glucose metabolism, and inhibiting the MAPKs- and p65-mediated inflammatory pathway.

  1. Cinética do P nos tecidos de suínos em crescimento alimentados com dietas formuladas de acordo com o conceito de proteína ideal e suplementadas com enzima fitase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.A. Moreira

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da enzima fitase sobre a cinética do P nos tecidos de suínos, alimentados com dietas formuladas de acordo com o conceito de proteína ideal e suplementadas com enzima fitase. Foram utilizados 20 suínos machos castrados, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas durante 17 dias, sendo 10 dias para adaptação e sete dias para coletas de fezes e urina. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por cinco dias. No primeiro dia da fase experimental, cada animal recebeu, por via endovenosa, uma solução radioativa com 7,4MBq de 32P. No final do período experimental, os animais foram sacrificados, e amostras de tecidos do músculo (lombo, coração, fígado, rins e ossos foram coletadas. A enzima fitase interferiu na cinética do 32P, levando a uma menor incorporação nos tecidos dos ossos.

  2. Renal nerves and nNOS

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kompanowska-Jezierska, Elzbieta; Wolff, Helle; Kuczeriszka, Marta

    2008-01-01

    ). This was tested by NaLoad after chronic renal denervation with and without inhibition of nNOS by S-methyl-thiocitrulline (SMTC). In addition, the acute effects of renal denervation on MABP and sodium balance were assessed. Rats were investigated in the conscious, catheterized state, in metabolic cages...... of acutely and chronically denervated rats were less than control (15% and 9%, respectively, P reduced by renal denervation (14.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 19.3 +/- 1.3 mIU/l, P reduced...... PRC (P sodium excretion six-fold, irrespective of renal denervation and SMTC. The metabolic data demonstrated that renal denervation lowered sodium balance during the first days after denervation (P

  3. DOENÇAS DE SUÍNOS

    OpenAIRE

    Juliana Sperotto Brum

    2013-01-01

    Esta tese envolveu o estudo de doenças de suínos, incluindo a descrição de um sarcoma granulocítico eosinofílico e surtos de intoxicação por sal. O estudo das características e frequência das doenças na população suína na região de abrangência do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) foi realizado através de um estudo retrospectivo de todos os diagnósticos de necropsias. Foram separados 564 casos com diagnósticos conclusivos. A...

  4. Qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical evaluation of iNOS expression in the spleen of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi.

    Science.gov (United States)

    dos Santos, Fernando Rocha; Vieira, Paula Melo Abreu; Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Carneiro, Claudia Martins; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Malaquias, Luiz Cosme Cotta

    2011-06-01

    Nitric oxide (NO), the product of the nitric oxide synthase enzymes has been detected in Leishmania-infected animals. Besides its role on the immunity to infection, the role of NO and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pathogenesis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is not well understood. This study aimed at evaluating immunohistochemically the iNOS expression in the spleen of dogs naturally infected (ID) with Leishmania (L.) chagasi compared with non-infected dogs (NID). The ID was grouped according to the clinical form and the parasite load. Symptomatic dogs (SD) presented higher parasite load in relation to oligosymptomatic (OD) and asymptomatic (AD). The qualitative expression of iNOS was observed only in ID. SD presented strong and prominent labeling of iNOS, followed by OD and AD. Quantitatively, the results showed that the median expression of iNOS was higher in SD and OD compared to NID. Also, dog spleens with high parasitism load showed marked iNOS expression. Taken together, the results suggest that the expression of iNOS in the spleen of infected dogs with CVL was associated with clinical worsening of the disease and with high parasitism.

  5. Novas Tecnologias Educacionais: Uma Cultura Emergente na Formação Docente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Augusta Bernardo Marques de Mendon

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar a incorporação da cultura emergente na formação docente, ou seja, compreender como as novas tecnologias, recentemente difundidas nos meios educacionais, vêm sendo tratadas pelos processos de formação continuada e incluídas nas práticas pedagógicas. Na delimitação do estudo, procuramos investigar as dificuldades dos professores com a utilização dos novos recursos tecnológicos, considerando-se os fatores internos e externos que possam estar inviabilizando o sucesso da inclusão digital no ambiente escolar da rede pública estadual. Assim, por meio da pesquisa qualitativa e avaliativa propiciada por um projeto de ação, buscamos entender as interferências que ocorrem na prática docente por meio de observações direcionadas ao desempenho dos professores na utilização dos recursos tecnológicos da sala de informática como instrumentos de desenvolvimento do ensino dos conteúdos escolares. Os resultados obtidos no projeto de ação originaram-se de declarações dos sujeitos e de observações estabelecidas nos módulos de capacitação e de aplicação dos planos de aulas. Esses resultados convergem para os fatores desestimulantes como: excesso de movimentações dos docentes entre as escolas; ausência de pessoas credenciadas na própria escola capazes de coordenar as novas tecnologias educacionais e proporcionar segurança aos docentes; falta de capacitações no próprio ambiente escolar; carência de multiplicadores locais; ausência da previsão de tempo da preparação de aulas com os novos recursos tecnológicos na própria carga horária do professor e a inexistência de regulamentação na gestão administrativa que valorize o certificado da formação continuada. Enfim, as informações analisadas nessa pesquisa pelos aspectos positivos e negativos oferecem espaço para novas investigações dessa natureza.

  6. Role of iNOS in Bystander Signaling Between Macrophages and Lymphoma Cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghosh, Somnath; Maurya, Dharmendra Kumar; Krishna, Malini

    2008-01-01

    Purpose: The present report describes the bystander effects of radiation between similar and dissimilar cells and the role of iNOS in such communication. Materials and Methods: EL-4 and RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to 5 Gy γ-irradiation. The medium from irradiated cells was transferred to unirradiated cells. Results: Irradiated EL-4 cells as well as those cultured in the presence of medium from γ-irradiated EL-4 cells showed an upregulation of NF-κB, iNOS, p53, and p21/waf1 genes. The directly irradiated and the bystander EL-4 cells showed an increase in DNA damage, apoptosis, and NO production. Bystander signaling was also found to exist between RAW 264.7 (macrophage) and EL-4 (lymphoma) cells. Unstimulated or irradiated RAW 264.7 cells did not induce bystander effect in unirradiated EL-4 cells, but LPS stimulated and irradiated RAW 264.7 cells induced an upregulation of NF-κB and iNOS genes and increased the DNA damage in bystander EL-4 cells. Treatment of EL-4 or RAW 264.7 cells with L-NAME significantly reduced the induction of gene expression and DNA damage in the bystander EL-4 cells, whereas treatment with cPTIO only partially reduced the induction of gene expression and DNA damage in the bystander EL-4 cells. Conclusions: It was concluded that active iNOS in the irradiated cells was essential for bystander response

  7. Wear of K3 and ProTaper files after simulated clinical use in curved canals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues Silva e Souza

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To assess wear, after simulated clinical use of K3 (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, EUA and ProTaper files (Dentsply-Maillefer, Tulsa, Oklahoma, EUA in 46 mesiovestibular roots of human maxillary first molars, recently extracted and with mean angulation of 40°.Methods: The teeth were divided as follows: a K3 (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, EUA (with radial bands and b ProTaper (Dentsply-Maillefer, Tulsa, Oklahoma, EUA (without radial bands. The files were assessed by scanning electronic microscopy before first use to visualize fabrication defects, and after 7 and 13 cycles of debridement in the canals. Debridement with files K3 (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, EUA and ProTaper (Dentsply-Maillefer, Tulsa, Oklahoma, EUA was performed in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations. The criteria for wear assessment were: defects (stretching, shortening/spiral inversion, presence of craters, oblique cracks and fracture. After assessment by SEM and before they were used, metal barbs on the crest of the spirals and oblique scratches due to the machining process were found in all the files.Results: In the K3 system (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA, after being used seven times, all the instruments showed cutting angle defects,and 25/08 and 25/10 had oblique cracks in the body of the active part leading to ductile fracture after being used for the eighth time. In the ProTaper system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, after being used seven times, in addition to cutting angle defects, the files also presented cracks, and ruptile fracture occurred in F3 during use for the thirteenth time. At the end of preparation, craters were seen along the active part of the files.Conclusion: In the final analysis, it was seen that the system are equivalent with regard to the defects found, irrespective of the active part design,being proportional to the number of cycles of use, and these defects could act as points of greater fragility, favoring fracture.

  8. Gallic Acid Enriched Fraction of Phyllanthus emblica Potentiates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Healing via e-NOS-Dependent Pathway

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ananya Chatterjee

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The healing activity of gallic acid enriched ethanolic extract (GAE of Phyllanthus emblica fruits (amla against the indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in mice was investigated. The activity was correlated with the ability of GAE to alter the cyclooxygenase- (COX- dependent healing pathways. Histology of the stomach tissues revealed maximum ulceration on the 3rd day after indomethacin (18 mg/kg, single dose administration that was associated with significant increase in inflammatory factors, namely, mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS expression. Proangiogenic parameters such as the levels of prostaglandin (PG E2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, von Willebrand Factor VIII, and endothelial NOS (e-NOS were downregulated by indomethacin. Treatment with GAE (5 mg/kg/day and omeprazole (3 mg/kg/day for 3 days led to effective healing of the acute ulceration, while GAE could reverse the indomethacin-induced proinflammatory changes of the designated biochemical parameters. The ulcer healing activity of GAE was, however, compromised by coadministration of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, but not the i-NOS-specific inhibitor, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL. Taken together, these results suggested that the GAE treatment accelerates ulcer healing by inducing PGE2 synthesis and augmenting e-NOS/i-NOS ratio.

  9. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling and calorie restriction increase fasting eNOS, akt and mitochondrial biogenesis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda M Cerqueira

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promoted by eNOS activation is believed to play a central role in the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR. Since treatment of mice with dinitrophenol (DNP promotes health and lifespan benefits similar to those observed in CR, we hypothesized that it could also impact biogenesis. We found that DNP and CR increase citrate synthase activity, PGC-1α, cytochrome c oxidase and mitofusin-2 expression, as well as fasting plasma levels of NO• products. In addition, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue was activated in fasting CR and DNP animals. Overall, our results indicate that systemic mild uncoupling activates eNOS and Akt-dependent pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis.

  10. Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in histologically normal margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morelatto, Rosana; Itoiz, María-Elina; Guiñazú, Natalia; Piccini, Daniel; Gea, Susana; López-de Blanc, Silvia

    2014-05-01

    The activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (NOS2) was found in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) but not in normal mucosa. Molecular changes associated to early carcinogenesis have been found in mucosa near carcinomas, which is considered a model to study field cancerization. The aim of the present study is to analyze NOS2 expression at the histologically normal margins of OSCC. Eleven biopsy specimens of OSCC containing histologically normal margins (HNM) were analyzed. Ten biopsies of normal oral mucosa were used as controls. The activity of NOS2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Salivary nitrate and nitrite as well as tobacco and alcohol consumption were also analyzed. The Chi-squared test was applied. Six out of the eleven HNM from carcinoma samples showed positive NOS2 activity whereas all the control group samples yielded negative (p=0.005). No statistically significant association between enzyme expression and tobacco and/or alcohol consumption and salivary nitrate and nitrite was found. NOS2 expression would be an additional evidence of alterations that may occur in a state of field cancerization before the appearance of potentially malignant morphological changes.

  11. O MISTÉRIO DA FÉ NO FENÔMENO DA CIBERCULTURA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darlei Zanon

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Em meados do século XX, enquanto o planeta via a luta pela supremacia militar e tecnológica entre os EUA e a URSS, surgiam vários projetos ousados. Dentre eles, destacamos as pesquisas que originaram o computador e as posteriores pesquisas sobre redes, interconexões entre fontes de dados, utilizando o computador, promovida pelo Ministério de Defesa norte-americano. Pouco mais de meio século depois, vemo-nos imersos numa cultura que tem suas raízes nestes acontecimentos. O computador (o digital é a base e a fonte da nova cultura: a cibercultura! Ela surge impulsionada pelo avanço da tecnologia e da popularização dos computadores pessoais. Uma cultura universal, caracterizada pela não-totalidade, ou seja, pela plena liberdade, igualdade e irrestrição político-ideológica.

  12. As empresas em sociedades contemporâneas: a responsabilidade social no Norte e no Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paola Cappellin

    Full Text Available Neste artigo a difusão do lema da responsabilidade social é resgatada pela analise de três percursos internacionais: EUA, Brasil e União Européia. No primeiro caso, a vasta literatura sociológica americana relata as preocupações e as pressões de diferentes atores sociais dirigidas às empresas americanas, ao longo dos anos 1960. No Brasil, as primeiras elaborações provêm de associações empresariais nos meados dos anos 60 e se ampliam justo quando a sociedade, no fim dos anos 1990, demanda prosseguir na direção a integrar o compromisso da aplicação das normas e direitos do trabalho. Na União Européia, o lema da responsabilidade social é introduzido nos finais dos anos 1990 envolvendo o compromisso de fazer retroagir a alta taxa de desemprego estrutural. Na última seção, a análise comparativa internacional sugere recompor o quadro dos diversos conteúdos da responsabilidade social a partir da grande questão que está em debate nas sociedades: recompor o compromisso de fortalecimento do vínculo de emprego como fonte de cidadania social.

  13. Perspectivas e desafios dos dispositivos móveis para as bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angel Freddy

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Pesquisa quantitativa documental realizada nas bibliotecas universitárias federais brasileiras para veri car o nível de adequação ao fenômeno móvel, através de um conjunto de variáveis que mostram quais ações as bibliotecas estão desenvolvendo para atender os usuários de dispositivos móveis. Foi observado o uso de aplicativos, a adaptação dos catálogos, uso de redes sociais, entre outras variáveis. Os resultados foram comparados com as 100 (cem bibliotecas acadêmicas melhor avaliadas em 2014 nos EUA segundo o ranking nacional de universidades. Para este trabalho foi realizada pesquisa na base Scopus para identi car pesquisas relacionadas ao uso de plataformas móveis nos serviços de bibliotecas. Conclui que as bibliotecas brasileiras estão atuando de várias formas para atender a nova demanda móvel, mas é necessário atenção e ação na conversão dos serviços para criar novo modelo de relacionamento com os usuários baseado na mobilidade e ubiquidade.

  14. PEDAGOGIA NOS CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA? da ausência e dos impactos no trabalho pedagógico

    OpenAIRE

    Liliana Soares Ferreira

    2017-01-01

    Esse artigo sistematiza pesquisa realizada nos últimos cinco anos, com o objetivo de estudar os movimentos de sentidos, a historicidade e o trabalho de pedagogas(os) (e, portanto, trabalho pedagógico) descritos nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de Pedagogia gaúchos. Com base nesse estudo inicial, objetivou-se entender qual concepção de Pedagogia e de trabalho pedagógico das futuras(os) pedagogas(os) estão na base da elaboração desses projetos pedagógicos e nos discursos de gestores desses c...

  15. Gender, exercise training, and eNOS expression in porcine skeletal muscle arteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laughlin, M Harold; Welshons, Wade V; Sturek, Michael; Rush, James W E; Turk, James R; Taylor, Julia A; Judy, Barbara M; Henderson, Kyle K; Ganjam, V K

    2003-07-01

    Our purpose was to determine the effects of gender and exercise training on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein content of porcine skeletal muscle arteries and to evaluate the role of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in these effects. We measured eNOS and SOD content with immunoblots and immunohistochemistry in femoral and brachial arteries of trained and sedentary male and female pigs and measured estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA and alpha-ER and beta-ER protein in aortas of male and female pigs. Results indicate that female arteries contain more eNOS than male arteries and that exercise training increases eNOS content independent of gender. Male and female pigs expressed similar levels of alpha-ER mRNA and protein and similar amounts beta-ER protein in their arteries. E2 concentrations as measured by RIA were 180 +/- 34 pg/ml in male sera and approximately 5 pg/ml in female sera, and neither was changed by training. However, bioassay indicated that biologically active estrogen equivalent to only 35 +/- 5 pg/ml was present in male sera. E2 in female pigs, whether measured by RIA or bioassay, was approximately 24 pg/ml at peak estrous and 2 pg/ml on day 5 diestrus. The free fraction of E2 in sera did not explain the low measurements, relative to RIA, of E2. We conclude that 1). gender has significant influence on eNOS and SOD content of porcine skeletal muscle arteries; 2). the effects of gender and exercise training vary among arteries of different anatomic origin; 3). male sera contains compounds that cause RIA to overestimate circulating estrogenic activity; and 4). relative to human men, the male pig is not biologically estrogenized by high levels of E2 reported by RIA, whereas in female pigs E2 levels are lower than in the blood of human women.

  16. Las Rocas Nos Cuentan (Rocks Tell Their Stories)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llerandi-Roman, Pablo A.

    2012-01-01

    Many Earth science lessons today still focus on memorizing the names of rocks and minerals. This led the author to develop a lesson that reveals the fascinating stories told by rocks through the study of their physical properties. He first designed the lesson for Puerto Rican teachers, hence its Spanish title: "Las Rocas Nos Cuentan Su Historia."…

  17. Mechanisms of suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells by andrographolide

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiou, Wen-Fei; Chen, Chieh-Fu; Lin, Jin-Jung

    2000-01-01

    Andrographolide, an active component found in leaves of Andrographis paniculata, has been reported to exhibit nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory property in endotoxin-stimulated macrophages, however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study we investigated the effect of andrographolide on the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ (IFN-γ).RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ activated NO production; in this condition andrographolide (1–100 μM) inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 17.4±1.1 μM. Andrographolide also reduces the expression of iNOS protein level but without a significant effect on iNOS mRNA. The reduction of iNOS activity is thought to be caused by decreased expression of iNOS protein.In a protein stability assay, andrographolide moderately but significantly reduced the amount of iNOS protein as suggested by accelerating degradation. Furthermore, andrographolide also inhibited total protein de novo synthesis as demonstrated by [35S]-methionine incorporation.As a whole, these data suggest that andrographolide inhibits NO synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells by reducing the expression of iNOS protein and the reduction could occur through two additional mechanisms: prevention of the de novo protein synthesis and decreasing the protein stability via a post-transcriptional mechanism. It is also possible that inhibition of iNOS protein expression and NO production under immune stimulation and/or bacteria infection may explain, in part, the beneficial effects of andrographolide as an anti-inflammatory agent. PMID:10780958

  18. Synthesis of a Potent Aminopyridine-Based nNOS-Inhibitor by Two Recent No-Carrier-Added 18F-Labelling Methods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian Drerup

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Nitric oxide (NO, an important multifunctional signaling molecule, is produced by three isoforms of NO-synthase (NOS and has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Selective inhibitors of the subtypes iNOS (inducible or nNOS (neuronal are of great interest for decoding neurodestructive key factors, and 18F-labelled analogues would allow investigating the NOS-function by molecular imaging with positron emission tomography. Especially, the highly selective nNOS inhibitor 6-((3-((3-fluorophenethylaminomethylphenoxymethyl-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (10 lends itself as suitable compound to be 18F-labelled in no-carrier-added (n.c.a. form. For preparation of the 18F-labelled nNOS-Inhibitor [18F]10 a “build-up” radiosynthesis was developed based on a corresponding iodonium ylide as labelling precursor. The such activated phenethyl group of the compound was efficiently and regioselectively labelled with n.c.a. [18F]fluoride in 79% radiochemical yield (RCY. After conversion by reductive amination and microwave assisted displacement of the protecting groups, the desired nNOS-inhibitor was obtained in about 15% total RCY. Alternatively, for a simplified “late-stage” 18F-labelling procedure a corresponding boronic ester precursor was synthesized and successfully used in a newer, copper(II mediated n.c.a. 18F-fluoro-deboroniation reaction, achieving the same total RCY. Thus, both methods proved comparatively suited to provide the highly selective NOS-inhibitor [18F]10 as probe for preclinical in vivo studies.

  19. Synthesis of a Potent Aminopyridine-Based nNOS-Inhibitor by Two Recent No-Carrier-Added (18)F-Labelling Methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Drerup, Christian; Ermert, Johannes; Coenen, Heinz H

    2016-09-01

    Nitric oxide (NO), an important multifunctional signaling molecule, is produced by three isoforms of NO-synthase (NOS) and has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Selective inhibitors of the subtypes iNOS (inducible) or nNOS (neuronal) are of great interest for decoding neurodestructive key factors, and (18)F-labelled analogues would allow investigating the NOS-function by molecular imaging with positron emission tomography. Especially, the highly selective nNOS inhibitor 6-((3-((3-fluorophenethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)methyl)-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (10) lends itself as suitable compound to be (18)F-labelled in no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) form. For preparation of the (18)F-labelled nNOS-Inhibitor [(18)F]10 a "build-up" radiosynthesis was developed based on a corresponding iodonium ylide as labelling precursor. The such activated phenethyl group of the compound was efficiently and regioselectively labelled with n.c.a. [(18)F]fluoride in 79% radiochemical yield (RCY). After conversion by reductive amination and microwave assisted displacement of the protecting groups, the desired nNOS-inhibitor was obtained in about 15% total RCY. Alternatively, for a simplified "late-stage" (18)F-labelling procedure a corresponding boronic ester precursor was synthesized and successfully used in a newer, copper(II) mediated n.c.a. (18)F-fluoro-deboroniation reaction, achieving the same total RCY. Thus, both methods proved comparatively suited to provide the highly selective NOS-inhibitor [(18)F]10 as probe for preclinical in vivo studies.

  20. Assessing depression outcome in patients with moderate dementia: sensitivity of the HoNOS65+ scale.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Canuto, Alessandra; Rudhard-Thomazic, Valérie; Herrmann, François R; Delaloye, Christophe; Giannakopoulos, Panteleimon; Weber, Kerstin

    2009-08-15

    To date, there is no widely accepted clinical scale to monitor the evolution of depressive symptoms in demented patients. We assessed the sensitivity to treatment of a validated French version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) 65+ compared to five routinely used scales. Thirty elderly inpatients with ICD-10 diagnosis of dementia and depression were evaluated at admission and discharge using paired t-test. Using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) "depressive mood" item as gold standard, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis assessed the validity of HoNOS65+F "depressive symptoms" item score changes. Unlike Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini Mental State Examination and Activities of Daily Living scores, BPRS scores decreased and Global Assessment Functioning Scale score increased significantly from admission to discharge. Amongst HoNOS65+F items, "behavioural disturbance", "depressive symptoms", "activities of daily life" and "drug management" items showed highly significant changes between the first and last day of hospitalization. The ROC analysis revealed that changes in the HoNOS65+F "depressive symptoms" item correctly classified 93% of the cases with good sensitivity (0.95) and specificity (0.88) values. These data suggest that the HoNOS65+F "depressive symptoms" item may provide a valid assessment of the evolution of depressive symptoms in demented patients.

  1. EDUCAÇÃO, COMUNIDADE E RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAS: EXPERIÊNCIAS NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS E EM MALI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joyce E. King

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Estudantes negros, como grupo, recebem um tratamento inferior tanto pelas políticas neoliberais quanto por escolas urbanas desprovidas de recursos; nas penitenciárias privadas, americanos negros são o grupo majoritário. O presente artigo contesta o pensamento e a teorização do modelo de Déficit Cultural, sobre a linguagem e a cultura das crianças negras, que têm sido tão prevalentes nos EUA. A pesquisa discutida nesse artigo interrompe este discurso da inferioridade negra e põe em evidência a importância de os estudantes desenvolverem uma consciência negra crítica, o que pode contribuir para sua excelência cultural e acadêmica. A pedagogia emancipatória para a liberdade humana, a qual promove que os estudantes tenham um senso positivo de identidade e de seu grupo étnico-racial, também é discutida. Ensino emancipatório para consciência negra crítica e liberdade humana significa resgatar história, memória e identidade de forma que os estudantes entendam a situação da América negra de uma perspectiva crítica e histórica. Educação para esse tipo de consciência requer que se conecte os estudantes às suas famílias, à história de suas comunidades e a seus ancestrais. São apresentados cinco princípios da pedagogia emancipatória que podem guiar a preparação do professor, o desenvolvimento do currículo, do texto didático, e da instrução baseada em padrões, bem como a promoção de relações étnico-raciais positivas. Estes são: conscientização, crítica da ideologia/crítica do racismo como ideologia, agência cultural/resistência à opressão, epistemologia dialética e ensino através de artes culturais. O exemplo do Clube Songhoy, um laboratório pedagógico para ensino da herança cultural a estudantes, doutorandos e pais engajados, demonstra como o ensino do idioma e cultura songhoy conecta os estudantes com sua herança africana, “do Nilo, ao Níger, ao bairro”. O ensino desse legado

  2. Sexualidade e educação: o Centro de Aconselhamento e Orientação de Jovens (CAOJ de Coimbra-PT enquanto espaço de formação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heloisa Raimunda Herneck

    Full Text Available Resumo: Esse artigo objetiva relatar o desenvolvimento de uma formação de voluntários para intervenção no Projeto Nacional de Educação pelos pares da Fundação Portuguesa 'A Comunidade Contra a SIDA' - trata-se de uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado realizada em Coimbra, Portugal. A abordagem metodológica adotada foi a da pesquisa nos/dos/com os cotidianos, discutindo a formação continuada de docentes, a partir dos cotidianos escolares e dos regimes de verdade partilhados sobre sexualidades, especialmente em relação à população LGBTTI. Considera-se a experiência portuguesa relevante para refletir sobre as ausências de discursos que promovam o debate de outras vidas possíveis no ambiente escolar a partir de formação docente em Portugal e no Brasil.

  3. Oscilaciones del clima postglacial del Noroeste de España registradas en los sedimentos de la Ría de Vigo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón MARGALEF LÓPEZ

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Existe una relación estrecha entre las características de un medio ambiente y los organismos que en él se desarrollan; estos organismos pueden emplearse, por tanto, como indicadores de aquellas propiedades —temperatura, salinidad, etc.—, cuando nos es imposible su apreciación directa, que es lo que ocurre en relación con épocas pasadas. El estudio de restos de organismos indicadores, contenidos en materiales depositados de manera continuada, permite deducir la sucesión de los climas. Así procede la paleontología en general y, en una escala más fina, la palinología, es decir, la investigación del polen y otros vestigios intercalados en el espesor de las turberas, a la que se deben los ciatos más consistentes sobre climatología del cuaternario.

  4. Identidade profissional docente: uma construção histórico-sociocultural = Docent professional identity: a construction historic-socio-cultural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pereira, Gilson de Almeida

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este texto analisa resultados de pesquisas realizadas no âmbito escolar e busca relacioná-los com a educação de professores, mais especificamente reflete sobre resultados de uma tese, com abordagem narrativa autobiográfica, que estudou o percurso identitário de quatro professores. A tese teve inspiração nos resultados da dissetação de mestrado, de cunho etnográfico, descrevendo a prática dos professores e suas representações sobre limites e disciplina na sala de aula. Ao longo do texto refletimos sobre a perspectiva da construção da identidade, como um processo integrado, dinâmico, flexível e instável. Nesse sentido, enfatizamos que os fatores que influenciaram as escolhas didático/pedagógicas dos profissionais da educação, participantes daquelas pesquisas, estão vinvulados à sua formação identitária, com base em suas trajetórias histórico-socioculturais. Ressaltamos a importância dessa experiência para ser considerada nos cursos de educação de professores, bem como nas experiências exitosas de professores em exercício e em formação continuada

  5. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, High Low Tide Prediction

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has High Low Tide Predictions from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). The official Tide and Tidal Current...

  6. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, Tide Prediction, 60-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has High Low Tide Predictions from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). The official Tide and Tidal Current...

  7. NOS CO-OPS Water Level Data, Tide Prediction, 6-Minute

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This dataset has High Low Tide Predictions from NOAA NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). The official Tide and Tidal Current...

  8. β-Adrenergic induced SR Ca2+ leak is mediated by an Epac-NOS pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira, Laëtitia; Bare, Dan J; Galice, Samuel; Shannon, Thomas R; Bers, Donald M

    2017-07-01

    Cardiac β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) and Ca 2+ -Calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) regulate both physiological and pathophysiological Ca 2+ signaling. Elevated diastolic Ca 2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) contributes to contractile dysfunction in heart failure and to arrhythmogenesis. β-AR activation is known to increase SR Ca 2+ leak via CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor. Two independent and reportedly parallel pathways have been implicated in this β-AR-CaMKII cascade, one involving exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac2) and another involving nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1). Here we tested whether Epac and NOS function in a single series pathway to increase β-AR induced and CaMKII-dependent SR Ca 2+ leak. Leak was measured as both Ca 2+ spark frequency and tetracaine-induced shifts in SR Ca 2+ , in mouse and rabbit ventricular myocytes. Direct Epac activation by 8-CPT (8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyl-cAMP) mimicked β-AR-induced SR Ca 2+ leak, and both were blocked by NOS inhibition. The same was true for myocyte CaMKII activation (assessed via a FRET-based reporter) and ryanodine receptor phosphorylation. Inhibitor and phosphorylation studies also implicated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) downstream of Epac and above NOS activation in this pathway. We conclude that these two independently characterized parallel pathways function mainly via a single series arrangement (β-AR-cAMP-Epac-PI3K-Akt-NOS1-CaMKII) to mediate increased SR Ca 2+ leak. Thus, for β-AR activation the cAMP-PKA branch effects inotropy and lusitropy (by effects on Ca 2+ current and SR Ca 2+ -ATPase), this cAMP-Epac-NOS pathway increases pathological diastolic SR Ca 2+ leak. This pathway distinction may allow novel SR Ca 2+ leak therapeutic targeting in treatment of arrhythmias in heart failure that spare the inotropic and lusitropic effects of the PKA branch. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All

  9. Conformance to Regulatory Guide 1.97 Slurry Power Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-280 and 50-281)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stoffel, J.W.

    1985-09-01

    This EG and G Idaho, Inc., report reviews the submittals for Regulatory Guide 1.97, Revision 3, for Unit Nos. 1 and 2 of the Surry Power Station and identifies areas of nonconformance to the regulatory guide. Exceptions to Regulatory Guide 1.97 are evaluated and those areas where sufficient basis for acceptability is not provided are identified

  10. European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) Futures Liquidity Effects: Evidence from the European Energy Exchange (EEX)

    OpenAIRE

    Ibikunle, Gbenga; Gregoriou, Andros

    2011-01-01

    We examine liquidity effects after the onset of trading in phase II of the EU-ETS for European Union Allowance (EUA) futures contracts. We obtain evidence of long-term improvement in liquidity of the EEX EUA December 2008 futures contract after the commencement of trading in phase II. Our results suggest the application of a new regime of trading rules in Phase II led to the improvements in liquidity.

  11. Enhanced astrocytic nitric oxide production and neuronal modifications in the neocortex of a NOS2 mutant mouse.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yossi Buskila

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: It has been well accepted that glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS produce nitric oxide (NO through the induction of a nitric oxide synthase isoform (NOS2 only in response to various insults. Recently we described rapid astroglial, NOS2-dependent, NO production in the neocortex of healthy mice on a time scale relevant to neuronal activity. To explore a possible role for astroglial NOS2 in normal brain function we investigated a NOS2 knockout mouse (B6;129P2-Nos2(tm1Lau/J, Jackson Laboratory. Previous studies of this mouse strain revealed mainly altered immune responses, but no compensatory pathways and no CNS abnormalities have been reported. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To our surprise, using NO imaging in brain slices in combination with biochemical methods we uncovered robust NO production by neocortical astrocytes of the NOS2 mutant. These findings indicate the existence of an alternative pathway that increases basal NOS activity. In addition, the astroglial mutation instigated modifications of neuronal attributes, shown by changes in the membrane properties of pyramidal neurons, and revealed in distinct behavioral abnormalities characterized by an increase in stress-related parameters. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results strongly indicate the involvement of astrocytic-derived NO in modifying the activity of neuronal networks. In addition, the findings corroborate data linking NO signaling with stress-related behavior, and highlight the potential use of this genetic model for studies of stress-susceptibility. Lastly, our results beg re-examination of previous studies that used this mouse strain to examine the pathophysiology of brain insults, assuming lack of astrocytic nitrosative reaction.

  12. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis with and without diabetes: immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaker, Olfat; Ghallab, Noha A; Hamdy, Ebtehal; Sayed, Safinaz

    2013-10-01

    There is few data concerning the pathogenesis and contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the inflammatory reactions of the periodontium in the course of diabetes. This study evaluated the expression of iNOS in the gingival biopsies of periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes. 80 subjects were evaluated in four groups: patients with chronic periodontitis and diabetes, patients with chronic periodontitis, periodontally healthy patients with diabetes, and systemically and periodontally healthy control subjects. Gingival biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemistry as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for determination of iNOS. All diseased gingival tissues had a significant increase in iNOS expression by immunohistochemistry (Pperiodontitis and diabetic patients regarding iNOS(+) cells. Meanwhile, these two groups had significantly increased iNOS(+) cells when compared to periodontitis patients (Pperiodontitis showed significantly higher levels of iNOS mRNA expression compared to samples from periodontitis patients and diabetic patients (Pperiodontitis, periodontitis patients and diabetic patients, the higher mRNA for iNOS observed in diabetes and periodontitis may indicate a possible involvement of this mediator in the periodontal destruction of type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Technical Specifications, Braidwood Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. STN 50-456 and STN 50-457). Appendix ''A'' to License No. NPF-59

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1986-10-01

    Information is presented for Braidwood Station Unit Nos. 1 and 2 in the areas of: safety limits and limiting safety system settings; limiting conditions for operation and surveillance requirements; design features; and administrative controls

  14. Evidence of Aortopathy in Mice with Haploinsufficiency of Notch1 in Nos3-Null Background

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sara N. Koenig

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. While the exact etiology is unknown, genetic factors play an important role. Mutations in NOTCH1 have been linked to bicuspid aortic valve (BAV and aortopathy in humans. The aim of this study was to determine if haploinsufficiency of Notch1 contributes to aortopathy using Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mice. Echocardiographic analysis of Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mice reveals effacement of the sinotubular junction and a trend toward dilation of the aortic sinus. Furthermore, examination of the proximal aorta of Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mice reveals elastic fiber degradation, a trend toward increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression, and increased smooth muscle cell apoptosis, features characteristic of aneurysmal disease. Although at a lower penetrance, we also found features consistent with aortopathic changes in Notch1 heterozygote mice and in Nos3-null mice. Our findings implicate a novel role for Notch1 in aortopathy of the proximal aorta.

  15. A vast amount of various invariant tori in the Nosé-Hoover oscillator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Lei; Yang, Xiao-Song

    2015-12-01

    This letter restudies the Nosé-Hoover oscillator. Some new averagely conservative regions are found, each of which is filled with different sequences of nested tori with various knot types. Especially, the dynamical behaviors near the border of "chaotic region" and conservative regions are studied showing that there exist more complicated and thinner invariant tori around the boundaries of conservative regions bounded by tori. Our results suggest an infinite number of island chains in a "chaotic sea" for the Nosé-Hoover oscillator.

  16. A vast amount of various invariant tori in the Nosé-Hoover oscillator

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Lei; Yang, Xiao-Song

    2015-12-01

    This letter restudies the Nosé-Hoover oscillator. Some new averagely conservative regions are found, each of which is filled with different sequences of nested tori with various knot types. Especially, the dynamical behaviors near the border of "chaotic region" and conservative regions are studied showing that there exist more complicated and thinner invariant tori around the boundaries of conservative regions bounded by tori. Our results suggest an infinite number of island chains in a "chaotic sea" for the Nosé-Hoover oscillator.

  17. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder: an exploratory investigation of PTSD and DES NOS among Dutch war veterans

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jongedijk, R. A.; Carlier, I. V.; Schreuder, B. J.; Gersons, B. P.

    1996-01-01

    The recently developed concept Disorder of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DES NOS) or complex posttraumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD) is designed to encompass long-standing symptoms not present in PTSD. An exploratory investigation of PTSD and DES NOS was performed with the Structured

  18. Estrogen Receptor Signaling and the PI3K/Akt Pathway Are Involved in Betulinic Acid-Induced eNOS Activation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolas Hohmann

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Betulinic acid (BA is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-cancer properties. Beneficial cardiovascular effects such as increased nitric oxide (NO production through enhancement of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS activity and upregulation of eNOS expression have been demonstrated for this compound. In the present study, immortalized human EA.hy 926 endothelial cells were incubated for up to 1 h with 1–100 µM BA and with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin, or the estrogen receptor (ER antagonist ICI 182,780. Phosphorylation status of eNOS and total eNOS protein were analyzed by Western blotting using a serine 1177 phosphosite-specific antibody. Bioactive NO production was assessed by determination of cGMP content in rat lung fibroblasts (RFL-6 reporter cells. Short-term incubation of EA.hy 926 cells with BA resulted in eNOS phosphorylation at the serine 1177 residue in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.57 µM. This was associated with an enhanced production of NO. BA-induced eNOS phosphorylation and NO production was completely blocked by pretreatment with ICI 182,780, and was attenuated by pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002. These results indicate that fast non-genomic effects of ER with downstream signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway and consecutive eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 are involved in BA-induced eNOS activation.

  19. COMPORTAMENTO DOS PREÇOS NOS MERCADOS BRASILEIROS DE SUINOS, MILHO E SOJA

    OpenAIRE

    Rosado, Patricia Lopes; Gomes, Marilia Fernandes Maciel; Figueiredo, Adelson Martins

    2006-01-01

    O comportamento das séries históricas de preços de suínos e dos principais insumos usados no seu processo produtivo como, milho e soja, pode apresentar oscilações que o produtor, geralmente, não consegue prever, o que contribui para elevar o risco da atividade. Destarte, como forma de fornecer subsídios teóricos e empíricos aos agentes econômicos envolvidos em operações com suínos, milho e soja, buscou-se, neste trabalho, detectar a existência dos componentes estocásticos e, ou, determinístic...

  20. Clinical significance of measurement of serum NO/NOS and TNF-α levels after treatment in patients with schizophrenia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nan Deqi; Du Liang; Yang Sixue; Qin Yong

    2007-01-01

    Objective: To explore the significance of changes of serum NO/NOS and TNF-α levels in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Serum TNF-α (with R/A) and NO/NOS (with bio-chemistry) levels were determined in 41 patients with schizophrenia both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results:Before treatment the serum NOS, TNF-α levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in controls (P <0.01 ). After six weeks treatment, the levels in patients, though dropped markedly, remained significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum NO/NOS and TNF-α levels were closely related to the diseases process of schizophrenia and were of prognostic values. (authors)

  1. A formação via PNQ e inserção produtiva dos CRAS: a reposição empobrecida e emergencial da qualificação de trabalhadores The background got through the national training plan and the productive insertion in the reference centers for social assistance: the impoverished and emergency replacement of workers' training

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Eliza do Carmo Lessa

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Apresentamos aqui reflexões sobre a formação inicial e continuada dos trabalhadores que ocuparão as tarefas menos complexas do mundo do trabalho. Analisamos a execução da qualificação profissional iniciada e continuada de trabalhadores - terminologias contidas na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação n. 9.494/96 - no Brasil contemporâneo, viabilizada através do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, pela via do Plano Nacional de Qualificação (PNQ. Nas margens dessa experiência, apresentamos ainda a aprendizagem que objetiva a geração de renda e a superação da condição de "assistido", denominada de inserção produtiva, executada nos Centros de Referência da Assistência Social (Cras, vinculados ao Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e do Combate à Fome.In this article we discuss the initial and continuing training of workers who will be assigned the less complex tasks in the workplace. We analyze the performance of such initial and continuing training - terminology used in the Executive Education Act 9494/96 - in Brazil nowadays. The Ministry of Labor made such training feasible through the National Training Plan (Plano Nacional de Qualificação - PNQ. We also discuss the training that aims at generating income and overcoming the condition of "assisted". Such training is called productive insertion, and it takes place in the Reference Centers for Social Assistance (Centros de Referência da Assistência Social - CRAS, affiliated to the Ministry of Social Development.

  2. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in tumor biology: the two sides of the same coin

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lechner, Matthias; Lirk, Philipp; Rieder, Josef

    2005-01-01

    Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of three key enzymes generating nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid l-arginine. iNOS-derived NO plays an important role in numerous physiological (e.g. blood pressure regulation, wound repair and host defence mechanisms) and pathophysiological

  3. Instituições Estatais e Segurança Internacional: um histórico das mudanças nos Estados Unidos após o 11 de setembro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Alan S. V. Ferreira

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo objetiva apresentar e analisar as mudanças e adaptações na arquitetura governamental na política de segurança dos EUA após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001. Busca-se compreender como a estrutura se adaptou após as principais mudanças organizacionais ocorridas no país, que resultaram na criação inclusive de novos órgãos como o Departamento de Segurança Interna (Department of Homeland Security. Não obstante a transição da administração de Bush para Obama, manteve-se uma estrutura que se manteve independente da mudança de governo diante da manutenção do terrorismo como principal ameaça ao país.

  4. A vast amount of various invariant tori in the Nosé-Hoover oscillator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Lei [School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (China); Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hefei University, Hefei 230601 (China); Yang, Xiao-Song, E-mail: yangxs@hust.edu.cn [School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (China)

    2015-12-15

    This letter restudies the Nosé-Hoover oscillator. Some new averagely conservative regions are found, each of which is filled with different sequences of nested tori with various knot types. Especially, the dynamical behaviors near the border of “chaotic region” and conservative regions are studied showing that there exist more complicated and thinner invariant tori around the boundaries of conservative regions bounded by tori. Our results suggest an infinite number of island chains in a “chaotic sea” for the Nosé-Hoover oscillator.

  5. Inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS and NO expression in intestinal mucosa of rats with acute endotoxemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Aiwen; Zhou, Guangrong; Yuan, Xiaoming; Huang, Xinli; Zhang, Zhengyuan; Zhang, Ti

    2013-01-01

    The mechanism by which baicalin modulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the mucosa of distal ileum was investigated in a rat model of acute endo-toxemia induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experiment demonstrated that LPS upregulated iNOS mRNA and protein expression as well as NO produc-tion (measured as the stable degradation production, nitrites). LPS not only increased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) content, but also activated p38 and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and inactivated PPARγ via phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 signalling pathway by chemical inhibitor SB202190 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) ameliorated LPS-induced iNOS generation, while suppression of PPARγ pathway by SR-202 boosted LPS-elicited iNOS expression. Baicalin treatment (I) attenuated LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein as well as nitrites generation, and (II) ameliorated LPS-elicited TLR4 and PPARγ production, and (III) inhibited p38/ATF2 phosphorylation leading to suppression of p38 signalling, and (IV) prevented PPARγ from phosphorylation contributing to maintainence of PPARγ bioactivity. However, SR-202 co-treatment (I) partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS mRNA expression, and (II) partially reversed baicalin-inhibited p38 phosphorylation. In summary, baicalin could ameliorate LPS-induced iNOS and NO overproduction in mucosa of rat terminal ileum via inhibition of p38 signalling cascade and activation of PPARγ pathway. There existed a interplay between the two signalling pathways.

  6. Post-radiation retinal infiltrates simulating recurrent retinoblastoma: a clinical and pathologic case report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Judisch, G.F.; Folberg, R.

    1987-01-01

    An 8-month-old boy was found to have a sporadic unilateral stage IIa retinoblastoma, extending inferiorly and temporally from the right fovea. Within 5 weeks of diagnosis the tumor was treated with 4500 rads fractionated over 20 treatments. Examination under anesthesia (EUA) 1 month later revealed unequivocal clinical and echographic evidence of tumor regression. EUA 3 months after completion of radiation therapy revealed continued tumor regression with no evidence of new tumor formation. The third EUA, performed 6 months after radiation treatment, showed that multiple discreet gray-white retinal infiltrates had developed, predominantly in the area immediately below the regressed tumor. Because of concern that these lesions represented viable retinoblastoma, the eye was enucleated. Pathologic examination of these lesions revealed them to be collections of foamy cells containing melanin granules suggestive of pigment epithelial origin

  7. Effect of Flooding and the nosZ Gene in Bradyrhizobia on Bradyrhizobial Community Structure in the Soil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saeki, Yuichi; Nakamura, Misato; Mason, Maria Luisa T; Yano, Tsubasa; Shiro, Sokichi; Sameshima-Saito, Reiko; Itakura, Manabu; Minamisawa, Kiwamu; Yamamoto, Akihiro

    2017-06-24

    We investigated the effects of the water status (flooded or non-flooded) and presence of the nosZ gene in bradyrhizobia on the bradyrhizobial community structure in a factorial experiment that examined three temperature levels (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C) and two soil types (andosol and gray lowland soil) using microcosm incubations. All microcosms were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA6 T , B. japonicum USDA123, and B. elkanii USDA76 T , which do not possess the nosZ gene, and then half received B. diazoefficiens USDA110 T wt (wt for the wild-type) and the other half received B. diazoefficiens USDA110ΔnosZ. USDA110 T wt possesses the nosZ gene, which encodes N 2 O reductase; 110ΔnosZ, a mutant variant, does not. Changes in the community structure after 30- and 60-d incubations were investigated by denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis and an image analysis. USDA6 T and 76 T strains slightly increased in non-flooded soil regardless of which USDA110 T strain was present. In flooded microcosms with the USDA110 T wt strain, USDA110 T wt became dominant, whereas in microcosms with the USDA110ΔnosZ, a similar change in the community structure occurred to that in non-flooded microcosms. These results suggest that possession of the nosZ gene confers a competitive advantage to B. diazoefficiens USDA110 T in flooded soil. We herein demonstrated that the dominance of B. diazoefficiens USDA110 T wt within the soil bradyrhizobial population may be enhanced by periods of flooding or waterlogging systems such as paddy-soybean rotations because it appears to have the ability to thrive in moderately anaerobic soil.

  8. [Association of Schizophrenia and its Clinical Implications with the NOS1AP Gene in the Colombian Population].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valencia, Jenny García; Duarte, Ana Victoria Valencia; Vila, Ana Lucía Páez; Kremeyer, Bárbara; Montoya, María Patricia Arbeláez; Linares, Andrés Ruiz; Acosta, Carlos Alberto Palacio; Duque, Jorge Ospina; Berrío, Gabriel Bedoya

    2012-06-01

    The nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene is possibly implicated in schizophrenia etiopathogenesis. To determine the association of NOS1AP gene variants with schizophrenia and the relationship of variants with the clinical dimensions of the disorder in the Colombian population. It is a case-control study with 255 subjects per group. Markers within the NOS1AP gene were typified as well as other informative material of genetic origin so as to adjust by population stratification. A factorial analysis of the main components for each item in the Scales for Evaluating Negative Symptoms (SENS) together with the Scales for Evaluating Positive Symptoms (SEPS) to determine clinical dimensions. Association between the C/C genotype of the rs945713 marker with schizophrenia (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.13 - 2.84) was found. The C/C genotype of the rs945713 was related to higher scores in the "affective flattening and alogia" dimension; and the A/A genotype of the rs4657181 marker was associated to lower scores in the same dimension. Significant associations of markers inside the NOS1AP gene with schizophrenia and the "affective flattening and alogia" clinical dimension were found. These results are consistent with previous studies and support the possibility that NOS1AP influences schizophrenia susceptibility. Furthermore, NOS1AP might be a modifier of schizophrenia clinical characteristics. Copyright © 2012 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

  9. Sildenafil promotes eNOS activation and inhibits NADPH oxidase in the transgenic sickle cell mouse penis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Musicki, Biljana; Bivalacqua, Trinity J; Champion, Hunter C; Burnett, Arthur L

    2014-02-01

    Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated vasculopathy in the penis is characterized by aberrant nitric oxide and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 signaling, and by increased oxidative stress. Preliminary clinical trials show that continuous treatment with PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil unassociated with sexual activity decreases priapic activity in patients with SCD. However, the mechanism of its vasculoprotective effect in the penis remains unclear. We evaluated whether continuous administration of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil promotes eNOS function at posttranslational levels and decreases superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase activity in the sickle cell mouse penis. SCD transgenic mice were used as an animal model of SCD. WT mice served as controls. Mice received treatment with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 (positive regulatory site), eNOS interactions with heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) (positive regulator), phosphorylated AKT (upstream mediator of eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177), an NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit gp91(phox), and a marker of oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [HNE]) were measured by Western blot. Effect of continuous sildenafil treatment on eNOS posttranslational activation, NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit, and oxidative stress in the penis of the sickle cell mouse. Continuous treatment with sildenafil reversed (P penis. Sildenafil treatment of WT mice did not affect any of these parameters. Our findings that sildenafil enhances eNOS activation and inhibits NADPH oxidase function in the sickle cell mouse penis offers a vasculoprotective molecular basis for the therapeutic effect of sildenafil in the penis in association with SCD. © 2013 International Society for Sexual Medicine.

  10. Partial deletion of eNOS gene causes hyperinsulinemic state, unbalance of cardiac insulin signaling pathways and coronary dysfunction independently of high fat diet.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilia Vecoli

    Full Text Available Abnormalities in eNOS gene, possibly interacting with high fat diet (HFD, affect peripheral vascular function and glucose metabolism. The relative role of eNOS gene, HFD and metabolic derangement on coronary function has not been fully elucidated. We test whether eNOS gene deficiency per se or in association with HFD modulates coronary function through mechanisms involving molecular pathways related to insulin signaling. Wild type (WT, eNOS-/- and eNOS+/- mice were studied. WT and eNOS+/- mice were fed with either standard or HF diet for 16 weeks and compared with standard diet fed eNOS-/-. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed during the last week of diet. Coronary resistance (CR was measured at baseline and during infusions of acetylcholine (Ach or sodium-nitroprusside (SNP to evaluate endothelium-dependent or independent vasodilation, in the Langendorff isolated hearts. Cardiac expression of Akt and ERK genes as evaluation of two major insulin-regulated signaling pathways involved in the control of vascular tone were assessed by western blot. HFD-fed mice developed an overt diabetic state. Conversely, chow-fed genetically modified mice (in particular eNOS-/- showed a metabolic pattern characterized by normoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with a limited degree of insulin resistance. CR was significantly higher in animals with eNOS gene deletions than in WT, independently of diet. Percent decrease in CR, during Ach infusion, was significantly lower in both eNOS-/- and eNOS+/- mice than in WT, independently of diet. SNP reduced CR in all groups except eNOS-/-. The cardiac ERK1-2/Akt ratio, increased in animals with eNOS gene deletions compared with WT, independently of diet. These results suggest that the eNOS genetic deficiency, associated or not with HFD, has a relevant effect on coronary vascular function, possibly mediated by increase in blood insulin levels and unbalance in insulin-dependent signaling in coronary vessels

  11. La regulación de las nanotecnologías: una mirada desde las diferencias EUA-UE | A regulação das nanotecnologias: um olhar desde as diferenças EUA-UE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Foladori

    2016-05-01

    nanotecnologias está em discussão em nível mundial. A discussão gira em torno a duas questões principais: os potenciais riscos para a saúde e o meio ambiente, e a normalização e homogeneização de critérios para a comercialização. Este artigo analisa as posições assumidas pelos Estados Unidos e a União Europeia, potencias que comandam a discussão sobre regulação em nível internacional, e a partir da qual muitos outros países tomarão posição. As fontes utilizadas para identificar os principais princípios filosófico-jurídicos que se aplicam à regulação das nanotecnologias foram os corpos legais que regulam os químicos nos Estados Unidos (TSCA-EPA e na Europa (REACH. Aplicamos a análise de discurso sobre os documentos, analisando-os em seu contexto histórico (análise genealógico e elucidando as funções de exclusão realizadas. Complementamos a informação com documentos específicos sobre regulação das nanotecnologias, revisão de literatura e análise de alguns casos específicos de aplicação de normas. Identificamos cinco conceitos filosófico-jurídicos nos quais há evidentes dicotomias entre as posições dos Estados Unidos e da União Europeia. Eles envolvem temas como precaução, confidencialidade, transparência de informação, perigo e avaliação custo-benefício. As conclusões mostram, de um lado, que embora existam importantes diferenças discursivas entre ambos blocos, a prática e as coações do contexto exercem pressão sobre estes. De outro lado, evidenciam que existem fisuras e contradições internas dentro de cada bloco, dotando de incerteza o desenvolvimento futuro. Finalmente, o trabalho oferece um “pacote de conceitos” utilizados por cada bloco, de utilidade analítica para elaborar agendas nacionais próprias.

  12. Anemia nos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliano Cardoso

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Anemia está associada à pior evolução nos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC. Entretanto, há poucos estudos sobre a anemia nos pacientes com IC avançada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características da anemia na IC em fase avançada. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 99 pacientes hospitalizados para compensação de IC (CF IV/NYHA, com idade > 18 anos e FEVE 12 g/dl. A anemia foi marcador independente de mau prognóstico na análise multivariada (mortalidade 47% vs 24,6%, p = 0,016, risco relativo 2,54. CONCLUSÃO: Anemia acomete, aproximadamente, 1/3 dos pacientes com IC avançada, e a deficiência de ferro é uma importante etiologia. Pacientes anêmicos são mais idosos e apresentaram função renal mais deteriorada. A melhora da congestão não foi suficiente para melhorar a anemia na maioria dos casos. Nos pacientes com IC avançada, a anemia é marcador independente de mau prognóstico.

  13. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Recreational Exercise in TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats: Role of NOS/HO/MPO System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zita Szalai

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available There are opposite views in the available literature: Whether physical exercise has a protective effect or not on the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD. Therefore, we investigated the effects of recreational physical exercise before the induction of colitis. After 6 weeks of voluntary physical activity (running wheel, male Wistar rats were treated with TNBS (10 mg. 72 hrs after trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS challenge we measured colonic gene (TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1 and IL-10 and protein (TNF-α expressions of various inflammatory mediators and enzyme activities of heme oxygenase (HO, nitric oxide synthase (NOS, and myeloperoxidase (MPO enzymes. Wheel running significantly increased the activities of HO, constitutive NOS (cNOS isoform. Furthermore, 6 weeks of running significantly decreased TNBS-induced inflammatory markers, including extent of lesions, severity of mucosal damage, and gene expression of IL-1β, CXCL1, and MPO activity, while IL-10 gene expression and cNOS activity were increased. iNOS activity decreased and the activity of HO enzyme increased, but not significantly, compared to the sedentary TNBS-treated group. In conclusion, recreational physical exercise can play an anti-inflammatory role by downregulating the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators, inducing anti-inflammatory mediators, and modulating the activities of HO and NOS enzymes in a rat model of colitis.

  14. Resposta espectral de solos em razão do ângulo de visada, da umidade e da rugosidade superficial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ACCIOLY LUCIANO JOSÉ DE OLIVEIRA

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as variações do fator de refletância bidirecional (FRB de três séries de solo (McAllister, Stronghold e Epitaph da microbacia experimental de Walnut Gulch (Arizona, EUA em razão do ângulo de visada, da rugosidade superficial e do teor de umidade. Foram consideradas as faixas espectrais do visível e do infravermelho próximo e médio presentes no sensor TM, e os resultados foram expressos em termos de FRB em relação à resposta no Nadir (FRB relativo. O anisotropismo variou de solo para solo e foi maior nas menores faixas espectrais, nos ângulos de visada maiores localizados na direção do retroespalhamento, nos ângulos solar-zenitais maiores, e na condição de solo seco. No solo Epitaph (único solo submetido ao estudo de rugosidade o anisotropismo foi também maior na superfície mais rugosa. Entretanto, uma melhor diferenciação entre as superfícies lisa e rugosa do solo Epitaph foi obtida na direção do espalhamento da energia refletida. Diferenças na escala e nos métodos de obtenção dos dados são apontadas como causas do realce do comportamento anisotrópico dos dados obtidos em condições de laboratório, em comparação com os dados de campo.

  15. Buena Vecindad y Populismo: El Caribe en las Relaciones Interamericanas de 1933 a 1946

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Gaztambide-Géigel

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumen La historiografía sobre la Política del Buen Vecino nos ha permitido distinguir dos períodos en las relaciones estadounidenses con América Latina entre 1933 y 1945. Se ha discutido poco, sin embargo, acerca del efecto de ese cambio sobre las políticas y en las relaciones. Tampoco se ha dicho mucho sobre las diferencias entre el contenido e impacto del Buen Vecino en el Caribe y en el resto del hemisferio. Aquí se abordan ambas dimensiones de las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y el Caribe vinculándolas a los desarrollos políticos internos en diversas sociedades de la región. Entre otras cosas, se manifiesta una tendencia a interpretar los cambios en el Caribe utilizando conceptos y teorías de los países centrales (como fascismo, comunismo, etcétera y del contexto latinoamericano (como nacionalismo, populismo, Buen Vecino, antimperialismo, etcétera. Este trabajo intenta revisar la aplicación de las teorías y conceptos, adoptar una perspectiva más comparativa y abordar cada experiencia en sus propios términos. Palabras chaves: Caribe, EUA, Relaciones Interamericanas, populismo, Política de buena vencidad. Boa Vizinhança e Populismo: o Caribe nas relações interamericanas de 1933 a 1946. Resumo A historiografia da Política de Boa Vizinhança permitiu-nos distinguir dois períodos nas relações dos EUA com a América Latina entre 1933 e 1945. Tem sido discutido pouco, no entanto, o efeito dessa mudança sobre a política e as relações. Também não disse muito sobre as diferenças entre o conteúdo e o impacto da Boa Vizinhança no Caribe e em outras partes do hemisfério. Aqui ambas as dimensões das relações entre os EUA e o Caribe serão abordadas, relacionando-as aos desenvolvimentos políticos internos em várias sociedades da região. Entre outras coisas, há uma tendência para interpretar mudanças no Caribe, utilizando conceitos e teorias dos países centrais (como o fascismo, comunismo, etc. e o contexto

  16. A motivação de professores de inglês de escola pública: o que as teorias do “eu” podem nos dizer?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Costa Ribas

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, apresento resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa em andamento, realizada com dois professores de inglês de ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de Minas Gerais. Procuro investigar a motivação desses professores à luz das teorias do ‘eu’ (MARKUS; NURIUS, 1986; HIGGINS, 1987. Os métodos de coleta de dados incluem um questionário, uma entrevista, notas de campo e sessões de visionamento. Os resultados mostram o importante papel exercido por autocrenças positivas e negativas (tanto atuais como futuras no fluxo motivacional do professor. Concluo o artigo enfatizando a necessidade de encorajar a reflexão sobre autocrenças e fatores afetivos que impactam na ação, bem como o compartilhamento de experiências em programas de formação inicial e continuada de professores, de forma a engendrar um ciclo motivacional positivo nas escolas.

  17. Inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS and NO expression in intestinal mucosa of rats with acute endotoxemia.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aiwen Feng

    Full Text Available The mechanism by which baicalin modulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS and nitric oxide (NO in the mucosa of distal ileum was investigated in a rat model of acute endo-toxemia induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS. The experiment demonstrated that LPS upregulated iNOS mRNA and protein expression as well as NO produc-tion (measured as the stable degradation production, nitrites. LPS not only increased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ content, but also activated p38 and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2 and inactivated PPARγ via phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 signalling pathway by chemical inhibitor SB202190 and small interfering RNA (siRNA ameliorated LPS-induced iNOS generation, while suppression of PPARγ pathway by SR-202 boosted LPS-elicited iNOS expression. Baicalin treatment (I attenuated LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein as well as nitrites generation, and (II ameliorated LPS-elicited TLR4 and PPARγ production, and (III inhibited p38/ATF2 phosphorylation leading to suppression of p38 signalling, and (IV prevented PPARγ from phosphorylation contributing to maintainence of PPARγ bioactivity. However, SR-202 co-treatment (I partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS mRNA expression, and (II partially reversed baicalin-inhibited p38 phosphorylation. In summary, baicalin could ameliorate LPS-induced iNOS and NO overproduction in mucosa of rat terminal ileum via inhibition of p38 signalling cascade and activation of PPARγ pathway. There existed a interplay between the two signalling pathways.

  18. Donkey milk kefir induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by decreasing iNOS in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Esener, Obb; Balkan, B M; Armutak, E I; Uvez, A; Yildiz, G; Hafizoglu, M; Yilmazer, N; Gurel-Gurevin, E

    2018-04-12

    Donkey milk and donkey milk kefir exhibit antiproliferative, antimutagenic and antibacterial effects. We investigated the effects of donkey milk and donkey milk kefir on oxidative stress, apoptosis and proliferation in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. Thirty-four adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, administered 0.5 ml water; group 2, administered 0.5 ml water + EAC cells; group 3, administered 0.5 ml donkey milk + EAC cells; group 4, administered 0.5 ml donkey milk kefir + EAC cells. We introduced 2.5 x 10 6 EAC cells into each animal by subcutaneous injection. Tap water, donkey milk and donkey milk kefir were administered by gavage for 10 days. Animals were sacrificed on day 11. After measuring the short and long diameters of the tumors, tissues were processed for histology. To determine oxidative stress, cell death and proliferation iNOS and eNOS, active caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were assessed using immunohistochemistry. A TUNEL assay also was used to detect apoptosis. Tumor volume decreased in the donkey milk kefir group compared to the control and donkey milk groups. Tumor volume increased in the donkey milk group compared to the control group. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels were higher in the donkey milk kefir group compared to the control and donkey milk groups. The number of apoptotic cells was less in the donkey milk group, compared to the control, whereas it was highest in the donkey milk kefir group. Donkey milk administration increased eNOS levels and decreased iNOS levels, compared to the control group. In the donkey milk kefir group, iNOS levels were significantly lower than those of the control and donkey milk groups, while eNOS levels were similar to the control group. Donkey milk kefir induced apoptosis, suppressed proliferation and decreased co-expression of iNOS and eNOS. Donkey milk promoted development of the tumors. Therefore, donkey milk kefir appears to

  19. Os Homens são mais Racionais do que as Mulheres na Compra de Carros? Uma Comparação de Influências Culturais no Julgamento de Produto entre Brasil e Estados Unidos da América

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Breno Giovanni Adaid Castro

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo tem por finalidade identificar e comparar o tipo de julgamento utilizado no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos da América em relação à compra de automóveis, bem como a relevância dos Valores Humanos na avaliação. Brasileiros (n=542 e Norte - americanos (N= 449 responderam a dois instrumentos, a escala LOV ( List of Values (KAHLE; KENNEDY, 1988 e a escala de Julgamento e Significado (ALLEN, 1997, 2000. Os resultados sugerem que no Brasil o julgamento para a compra de automóveis é predominantemente afetiva, enquanto nos Estados Unidos é predominantemente passo a passo. Em ambos os países, as mulheres obtiveram escores mais altos no julgamento passo a passo para a compra do carro. Os valores de “Excitação” e “Ser Bem Respeitado’ estão relacionados com o julgamento afetivo em ambos os países, enquanto “Realização Pessoal” es tá relacionado com o julgamento passo a passo no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Esta pesquisa contribui para o avanço dos estudos de comportamento do consumidor, analisando o papel dos valores humanos no tipo de julgamento e significado que homens e mulheres usam para comprar carros no Brasil e nos EUA. Além disso, como implicações práticas, os resultados podem ajudar os gestores da indústria automobilística em seus processos de tomada de decisão, a fim de entender melhor o cliente, e para atender suas necess idades específicas, com vistas a desenvolver um relacionamento de longo prazo e rentável.

  20. Disruption of COX-2 and eNOS does not confer protection from cardiovascular failure in lipopolysaccharide-treated conscious mice and isolated vascular rings

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stæhr, Mette; Madsen, Kirsten; Vanhoutte, Paul M

    2011-01-01

    (NS 398), disruption of COX-2, endothelium removal, or eNOS deletion (eNOS(-/-)) did not improve vascular reactivity after LPS, while the NO synthase blockers 1400W and N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester prevented loss of tone. COX-2 and eNOS activities are not necessary for LPS-induced decreases...... in blood pressure, heart rate, and vascular reactivity. Inducible NOS activity appears crucial. COX-2 and eNOS are not obvious therapeutic targets for cardiovascular rescue during gram-negative endotoxemic shock....

  1. Clinical significance of determination of changes of serum NO, NOS and GM-CSF levels after treatment in children with bronchopneumonia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Hongmei

    2007-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of changes of serum NO, NOS and GM-CSF levels after treatment in children with bronchopneumonia. Methods: Serum GM-CSF levels were determined with RIA, and serum NO, NOS levels were determined with biochemical methods both before and after treatment in 48 children with bronehopneumonia as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment the serum concentrations of NO, NOS and GM-CSF in the patients were significantly higher than those in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of serum NO, NOS and GM-CSF levels were useful for assessment of therapeutic efficacy. (authors)

  2. Human Papillomavirus infection in men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the USA Infección por Virus de Papiloma Humano en hombres de Brasil, México y EUA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2008-10-01

    Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH entre hombres de 18 años o más de tres países con un protocolo común para el muestreo de la detección de VPH, y evaluar si la detección de VPH varía de acuerdo con la edad y el país. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El estudio incluye diversas etapas que inician con la identificación de hombres susceptibles, una medición basal (visita de enrolamiento y nueve visitas adicionales programadas cada seis meses. En este artículo, se presenta el análisis de los primeros 1160 hombres que fueron incluídos en el estudio. Para maximizar la posibilidad de detección de VPH se utilizó un cepillo de dacrón que muestreó en forma combinada diferentes sitios anatómicos. Para la determinación de ADN de VPH se utilizó ión en cadena de polimerasa (PCR por amplificación de un fragmento del gen de VPH L1. RESULTADOS: Entre 1160 hombres de Brasil, México y EUA, la prevalencia global de VPH fue de 65.2%, con solamente 12% de tipos oncogénicos, 20.7% de tipos de VPH no oncogénicos, 17.8% de muestras positivas a tipos oncogénicos y no oncogénicos; y finalmente 14.7% de infecciones no clasificadas. Múltiples tipos de VPH fueron detectados en 25.7% de los participantes en el estudio. La prevalencia de VPH fue más alta en Brasil (72.3%, comparada con la observada en EUA (61.3% y México (61.9%. Los tipos de VPH 16 (6.5%, 51 (6.5% y 59 (5.3% fueron los más comúnmente observados con poder oncogénico. El VPH 84 (7.7%, 62 (7.3% y 6 (6.6% fueron las infecciones no oncogénicas más comunes. CONCLUSIONES: Son necesarios estudios de la distribución de VPH en un amplio margen de edad entre hombres de múltiples países, para establecer con mayor precisión, el conocimiento de la historia natural de la infección por VPH en hombres.

  3. Contrasting effects of exercise and NOS inhibition on tissue-specific fatty acid and glucose uptake in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rottman, Jeffrey N; Bracy, Deanna; Malabanan, Carlo; Yue, Zou; Clanton, Jeff; Wasserman, David H

    2002-07-01

    Isotopic techniques were used to test the hypothesis that exercise and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition have distinct effects on tissue-specific fatty acid and glucose uptakes in a conscious, chronically catheterized mouse model. Uptakes were measured using the radioactive tracers (125)I-labeled beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) and deoxy-[2-(3)H]glucose (DG) during treadmill exercise with and without inhibition of NOS. [(125)I]BMIPP uptake at rest differed substantially among tissues with the highest levels in heart. With exercise, [(125)I]BMIPP uptake increased in both heart and skeletal muscles. In sedentary mice, NOS inhibition induced by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) feeding increased heart and soleus [(125)I]BMIPP uptake. In contrast, exercise, but not L-NAME feeding, resulted in increased heart and skeletal muscle [2-(3)H]DG uptake. Significant interactions were not observed in the effects of combined exercise and L-NAME feeding on [(125)I]BMIPP and [2-(3)H]DG uptakes. In the conscious mouse, exercise and NOS inhibition produce distinct patterns of tissue-specific fatty acid and glucose uptake; NOS is not required for important components of exercise-associated metabolic signaling, or other mechanisms compensate for the absence of this regulatory mechanism.

  4. Explaining European Emission Allowance Price Dynamics: Evidence from Phase II

    OpenAIRE

    Wilfried Rickels; Dennis Görlich; Gerrit Oberst

    2010-01-01

    In 2005, the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) established a new commodity: the right to emit a ton of CO2 (EUA). Since its launch, the corresponding price has shown rather turbulent dynamics, including nervous reactions to policy announcements and a price collapse after a visible over-allocation in Phase I. As a consequence, the question whether fundamental factors (fossil fuel prices, economic activity, weather) affect the EUA price remained partially unresolved. Today, being halfwa...

  5. Tendances Carbone no. 85 'Agriculture and forestry: window-dressing in the EU ETS'

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bellassen, Valentin

    2013-01-01

    Among the publications of CDC Climat Research, 'Tendances Carbone' bulletin specifically studies the developments of the European market for CO 2 allowances. This issue addresses the following points: - Back-loading and reforms of the EU ETS: while the EU Parliament has set a provisional date of Dec 10 for a vote on the EU Commission's Back-loading plans, wider reforms plans are likely to take at least two years to be agreed. - 2030 climate and energy package: the EU Parliament's draft report on the 2030 climate and energy package doesn't include any references to simple or multiple targets. - Fall in EUA prices and a rise in volumes: the EUA spot price averaged euros 4.9 in October, falling from its euros 5.2 average in September. Total traded volumes of carbon credits (EUA, CER and ERU) increased marginally by 4% in October to 704.8 million

  6. Loss of nNOS inhibits compensatory muscle hypertrophy and exacerbates inflammation and eccentric contraction-induced damage in mdx mice

    Science.gov (United States)

    Froehner, Stanley C.; Reed, Sarah M.; Anderson, Kendra N.; Huang, Paul L.; Percival, Justin M.

    2015-01-01

    Approaches targeting nitric oxide (NO) signaling show promise as therapies for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. However, the mechanisms by which NO benefits dystrophin-deficient muscle remain unclear, but may involve nNOSβ, a newly discovered enzymatic source of NO in skeletal muscle. Here we investigate the impact of dystrophin deficiency on nNOSβ and use mdx mice engineered to lack nNOSμ and nNOSβ to discern how the loss of nNOS impacts dystrophic skeletal muscle pathology. In mdx muscle, nNOSβ was mislocalized and its association with the Golgi complex was reduced. nNOS depletion from mdx mice prevented compensatory skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy, decreased myofiber central nucleation and increased focal macrophage cell infiltration, indicating exacerbated dystrophic muscle damage. Reductions in muscle integrity in nNOS-null mdx mice were accompanied by decreases in specific force and increased susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage compared with mdx controls. Unexpectedly, muscle fatigue was unaffected by nNOS depletion, revealing a novel latent compensatory mechanism for the loss of nNOS in mdx mice. Together with previous studies, these data suggest that localization of both nNOSμ and nNOSβ is disrupted by dystrophin deficiency. They also indicate that nNOS has a more complex role as a modifier of dystrophic pathology and broader therapeutic potential than previously recognized. Importantly, these findings also suggest nNOSβ as a new drug target and provide a new conceptual framework for understanding nNOS signaling and the benefits of NO therapies in dystrophinopathies. PMID:25214536

  7. Vasoactive and radioprotective properties of isothiourea derivatives having NOS-inhibitory activity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Filimonova, Marina V.; Shevchenko, Ludmila I.; Ulyanenko, Stepan E.; Makarchuk, Victorya M.; Kuznetsova, Mary N.; Shevchuk, Aza S.; Lushnikova, Galina A.; Chesnakova, Ekaterina A. [Medical Radiological Research Center Health Ministry of Russia, 4, Korolev street, Obninsk, 249036, Kaluga region (Russian Federation)

    2014-07-01

    We studied vasoactive and radioprotective properties of new original N-acyl, S-alkyl isothiourea derivatives which are potent inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases (preferably eNOS and iNOS). These compounds have a moderate toxicity (LD50 - 400-550 mg/kg), and are stable in aqueous solutions. In hemodynamic studies, these compounds exhibited high vasotropic activity. The use of these compounds in doses of 5-15 mg/kg (0,01-0,03 LD{sub 50}) in the experimental animals in a state of the severe hemorrhagic or endo-toxic shock causes a potent vasopressor effect, accompanied by a significant and continuous rise in blood pressure. The increasing of vascular tone developed over 2-5 min after injection and persisted for at least 60-90 minutes, excelling at least 3-5 times the duration of α1-adreno-mimetic vasopressor action. The rapid increase in vascular tone under the influence of these compounds in normo-tonic animals caused protective baroreflex to prevent high blood pressure. At doses of 10-15 mg/kg the reflex reaction was mild, but at higher doses (30-40 mg/kg) the reaction was fierce and prolonged, and was accompanied by severe bradycardia, decreasing of the cardiac output and a significant weakening of the peripheral blood flow. In all cases, the hemodynamic response was reflexive and easily eliminated by atropine. The ability of these compounds to induce circulatory hypoxia was the basis for the study of their radioprotective properties. The study of radioprotective effect on the survival of animals exposed to lethal doses of γ-radiation (10 Gy) and on the survival of hematopoietic clonogenic cells showed that these compounds in doses of 80-150 mg/kg (0,2-0,3 LD50) have considerable radioprotective action, which is comparable with the protective effect of the maximum tolerated dose of cystamine. The factor of change in dose for γ-radiation, estimated by the LD{sub 50}, was 1,42-1,58. We also investigated the ability of the test compounds, due to their hypoxic

  8. Platelet activating factor-induced ceramide micro-domains drive endothelial NOS activation and contribute to barrier dysfunction.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sanda Predescu

    Full Text Available The spatial and functional relationship between platelet activating factor-receptor (PAF-R and nitric oxide synthase (eNOS in the lateral plane of the endothelial plasma membrane is poorly characterized. In this study, we used intact mouse pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs as well as endothelial plasma membrane patches and subcellular fractions to define a new microdomain of plasmalemma proper where the two proteins colocalize and to demonstrate how PAF-mediated nitric oxide (NO production fine-tunes ECs function as gatekeepers of vascular permeability. Using fluorescence microscopy and immunogold labeling electron microscopy (EM on membrane patches we demonstrate that PAF-R is organized as clusters and colocalizes with a subcellular pool of eNOS, outside recognizable vesicular profiles. Moreover, PAF-induced acid sphingomyelinase activation generates a ceramide-based microdomain on the external leaflet of plasma membrane, inside of which a signalosome containing eNOS shapes PAF-stimulated NO production. Real-time measurements of NO after PAF-R ligation indicated a rapid (5 to 15 min increase in NO production followed by a > 45 min period of reduction to basal levels. Moreover, at the level of this new microdomain, PAF induces a dynamic phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Ser, Thr and Tyr residues of eNOS that correlates with NO production. Altogether, our findings establish the existence of a functional partnership PAF-R/eNOS on EC plasma membrane, at the level of PAF-induced ceramide plasma membrane microdomains, outside recognized vesicular profiles.

  9. Changes and significance of TNF - α, NOS activity and NO in the plasma of patients with chronic congestive heart failure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Yafeng; Cheng Xujie; Liu Zhihua

    2003-01-01

    Objective: To study changes and interrelations of TNF - α, NOS activity and NO in the plasma of patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: The blood samples were taken from eighty patients and twenty healthy subjects. Plasma TNF - α was measured by RIA. Plasma NOS activity and NO were assessed with colorimetric analysis. Results: The level of plasma TNF - α, NOS activity and NO were significantly higher in CHF patients than that in healthy subjects and were increased with the severity of heart failure. The levels of TNF - α, NOS activity and NO showed significant relation with each other and all of them were closely related to the ejection fraction. Conclusion: TNF - α, NOS activity and NO increase greatly in patients of CHF and they maybe play an important roles in the progress of CHF. They can be used as markers for the severity and prognosis of heart failure

  10. Effects of a selective iNOS inhibitor versus norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Su, Fuhong; Huang, Hongchuan; Akieda, Kazuki; Occhipinti, Giovanna; Donadello, Katia; Piagnerelli, Michael; De Backer, Daniel; Vincent, Jean-Louis

    2010-09-01

    Inhibition of NOS is not beneficial in septic shock; selective inhibition of the inducible form (iNOS) may represent a better option. We compared the effects of the selective iNOS inhibitor BYK191023 with those of norepinephrine (NE) in a sheep model of septic shock. Twenty-four anesthetized, mechanically ventilated ewes received 1.5 g/kg body weight of feces into the abdominal cavity to induce sepsis. Animals were randomized into three groups (each n = 8): NE-only, BYK-only, and NE + BYK. The sublingual microcirculation was evaluated with sidestream dark-field videomicroscopy. MAP was higher in the NE + BYK group than in the other groups, but there were no significant differences in cardiac index or systemic vascular resistance. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was lower in BYK-treated animals than in the NE-only group. PaO2/FiO2 was higher and lactate concentration lower in the BYK groups than in the NE-only group. Mesenteric blood flow was higher in BYK groups than in the NE-only group. Renal blood flow was higher in the NE + BYK group than in the other groups. Functional capillary density and proportion of perfused vessels were higher in the BYK groups than in the NE-only group 18 h after induction of peritonitis. Survival times were similar in the three groups. In this model of peritonitis, selective iNOS inhibition had more beneficial effects than NE on pulmonary artery pressures, gas exchange, mesenteric blood flow, microcirculation, and lactate concentration. Combination of this selective iNOS inhibitor with NE allowed a higher arterial pressure and renal blood flow to be maintained.

  11. Mormo em eqüídeos nos Estados de Pernambuco e Alagoas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mota Rinaldo A.

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Com base em aspectos clínico-patológicos, epidemiológicos e sorológicos, bem como pelo isolamento de Burkholderia mallei, diagnosticaram-se focos de mormo em eqüídeos na Zona da Mata dos Estados de Pernambuco e Alagoas. Clinicamente observaram-se hipertermia, respiração ruidosa, inapetência, emagrecimento progressivo até caquexia, congestão nasal e descarga mucopurulenta, erosões, úlceras e cicatrizes na mucosa nasal. Os linfonodos mandibulares e cervicais superficiais apresentavam-se aumentados de volume, com abscessos e fístulas exsudando material purulento. Na pele, ao longo dos vasos linfáticos, havia formação de nódulos firmes e abscessos que, nos casos crônicos, fistulavam e ulceravam deixando cicatrizes estrelares. A histopatologia dos nódulos de diversos sítios, tanto dos eqüídeos como dos cobaios utilizados na prova de Straus, revelou lesões granulomatosas e piogranulomas. Os dados deste estudo evidenciam a emergência da doença nesta área e permitem recomendar inquéritos soro-epidemiológicos nos Estados de ocorrência dos surtos e nos Estados limítrofes.

  12. Nos2 inactivation promotes the development of medulloblastoma in Ptch1(+/- mice by deregulation of Gap43-dependent granule cell precursor migration.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Haag

    Full Text Available Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. A subset of medulloblastoma originates from granule cell precursors (GCPs of the developing cerebellum and demonstrates aberrant hedgehog signaling, typically due to inactivating mutations in the receptor PTCH1, a pathomechanism recapitulated in Ptch1(+/- mice. As nitric oxide may regulate GCP proliferation and differentiation, we crossed Ptch1(+/- mice with mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2 to investigate a possible influence on tumorigenesis. We observed a two-fold higher medulloblastoma rate in Ptch1(+/- Nos2(-/- mice compared to Ptch1(+/- Nos2(+/+ mice. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this finding, we performed gene expression profiling of medulloblastomas from both genotypes, as well as normal cerebellar tissue samples of different developmental stages and genotypes. Downregulation of hedgehog target genes was observed in postnatal cerebellum from Ptch1(+/+ Nos2(-/- mice but not from Ptch1(+/- Nos2(-/- mice. The most consistent effect of Nos2 deficiency was downregulation of growth-associated protein 43 (Gap43. Functional studies in neuronal progenitor cells demonstrated nitric oxide dependence of Gap43 expression and impaired migration upon Gap43 knock-down. Both effects were confirmed in situ by immunofluorescence analyses on tissue sections of the developing cerebellum. Finally, the number of proliferating GCPs at the cerebellar periphery was decreased in Ptch1(+/+ Nos2(-/- mice but increased in Ptch1(+/- Nos2(-/ (- mice relative to Ptch1(+/- Nos2(+/+ mice. Taken together, these results indicate that Nos2 deficiency promotes medulloblastoma development in Ptch1(+/- mice through retention of proliferating GCPs in the external granular layer due to reduced Gap43 expression. This study illustrates a new role of nitric oxide signaling in cerebellar development and demonstrates that the localization of pre-neoplastic cells during

  13. Os perigos dos Negros Brancos: cultura mulata, classe e beleza eugênica no pós-emancipação (EUA, 1900-1920)

    OpenAIRE

    Nascimento, Giovana Xavier da Conceição

    2015-01-01

    Por meio da articulação entre história social da cultura e do trabalho, o artigo discute o processo de fortalecimento da "cultura mulata" promovido por intelectuais afro-americanos das classes alta e média no período pós-emancipação. Ao analisar o "problema da liberdade" com base nos referenciais de beleza construídos por esses "novos negros", trago à cena textos e fotografias coletados das revistas The Half Century Magazine, de Boston, e The Crisis: a record of the darker races, de Nova York...

  14. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados nos estudos de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu da Enfermagem brasileira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelle Miranda da Silva

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudo documental e quantitativo, que objetivou identificar as teses e dissertações defendidas nos Programas de Pós- Graduação em Enfermagem do Brasil que utilizaram o referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD e analisar os aspectos epistemológicos destacados. Os dados foram coletados no Banco de Teses da CAPES, no recorte temporal entre 1996 a 2010. Foram levantados 99 resumos. Realizou-se a leitura analítica dos mesmos para constituição do tema ou problema da pesquisa e do enquadramento teórico. O maior número de produção foi em 2005, na soma dos dois níveis acadêmicos, e 54% das defesas foram sediadas na USP. As áreas temáticas mais expressivas foram: Saúde da Criança/Adolescente; Gestão em Saúde/Enfermagem; Saúde Coletiva e Saúde da Mulher. O principal referencial teórico utilizado foi o Interacionismo Simbólico. A TFD compreende uma metodologia que pode ser empregada na enfermagem, capaz de contribuir no desenvolvimento de novas investigações para o seu aprimoramento contínuo.

  15. PARASITOSES E DESEMPENHO ANIMAL: ESTUDO META-ANALÍTICO EM FRANGOS DE CORTE E SUÍNOS EM CRESCIMENTO

    OpenAIRE

    Marcos Kipper da Silva

    2011-01-01

    Dois trabalhos foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de estudar, através de meta-análise, a relação das parasitoses com o desempenho de frangos de corte e suínos. As bases de dados totalizaram 43.976 frangos de corte (69 artigos, publicados entre 1982 e 2010) e 1.279 suínos (18 artigos, publicados entre 1971 e 2010). A meta-análise foi realizada através de três análises sequenciais: estudos gráficos, de correlação e de variância-covariância. Suínos desafiados por endoparasitas apresentaram (P0,0...

  16. Impact of renewables deployment on the CO2 price and the CO2 emissions in the European electricity sector

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Van den Bergh, Kenneth; Delarue, Erik; D'haeseleer, William

    2013-01-01

    As of 2005, electricity generators in Europe operate under the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS). At the same time, European Member States have launched support mechanisms to stimulate the deployment of renewable electricity sources (RES-E). RES-E injections displace CO 2 emissions within the sectors operating under the EU ETS and they reduce the demand for European Union Allowances (EUAs), thereby reducing the EUA price. This paper presents the results of an ex post analysis to quantify the impact of RES-E deployment on the EUA price and CO 2 emissions in the Western and Southern European electricity sector during the period from 2007 to 2010, following from an operational partial equilibrium model of the electricity sector. This study shows that the CO 2 displacement from the electricity sector to other ETS sectors due to RES-E deployment can be up to more than 10% of historical CO 2 emissions in the electricity sector. The EUA price decrease caused by RES-E deployment turns out to be likely significant. - Author-Highlights: • We assessed the impact of renewables deployment in the period 2007–2010. • Impact on CO 2 emissions in the electricity sector and the CO 2 price is considered. • CO 2 emissions decreased by up to 10% of historical emissions. • CO 2 price decrease due to renewables turns out to be likely significant

  17. Effect of aminoguanidine and albendazole on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS activity in T. spiralis-infected mice muscles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iwona Mozer-Lisewska

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the expression of iNOS in the cells of inflammatory infiltrates around larvae in skeletal muscles of T. spiralis infected mice. The BALB/c mice (n=8 divided into subgroups, received either aminoguanidine (AMG - a specific iNOS inhibitor or albendazole (ALB - an antiparasitic drug of choice in trichinellosis treatment. Control animals (n=2 in each subgroup were either uninfected and treated or uninfected and untreated. Frozen sections of hind leg muscles from mice sacrificed at various time intervals after infection were cut and subjected to immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal anti-iNOS antibody. The ALB-treated mice revealed stronger iNOS staining in the infiltrating cells around larvae than the infected and untreated animals. On the contrary, in the AMG-treated animals, the infiltrating cells did not show any specific iNOS reaction. These data confirm the specificity of iNOS staining in the cellular infiltrates around T. spiralis larvae and shed some light on the role of nitric oxide during ALB treatment in experimental trichinellosis.

  18. Aspectos relacionados con la atención continuada a los pacientes en un área de salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Félix J Sansó Soberats

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Con vistas a identificar las experiencias más relevantes de la población en materia de atención continuada a los pacientes, así como para conocer el criterio de los profesionales de la APS en relación con el papel que desempeñan en el proceso de referencia de pacientes y el apoyo que reciben (para su gestión de las otras unidades con las cuales interrelacionan, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de índole retrospectiva en el área de salud " Plaza de la Revolución" en la Ciudad de La Habana. A través de una encuesta se exploraron los criterios de Médicos de Familia y la población que recibe el servicio. Nuestro universo estuvo constituido por los 32 médicos que laboran en el policlínico y que atienden a la población residente en el área. El universo de destinatarios de los servicios lo constituyeron todas las familias que pertenecen a esta área de salud (5 895. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico con selección de consultorios con probabilidad proporcional al número de familias y selección sistemática de familias dentro del consultorio (196 en total. Se identificó que, si bien es aceptable el acceso de la población a los servicios del policlínico, la regionalización de los servicios entre los niveles primario y secundario presenta dificultades apreciables. Además se evidencia que a pesar de que la inmensa mayoría de los pacientes accedió a la atención secundaria por mecanismos colaterales, la accesibilidad de la población al sistema (en última instancia estuvo garantizadaIn order to identify the most significant experiences of the population concerning the continuing attention to the patients and to know the criteria of the primary health care professionals in relation to the role they played in the process of patient referral and to the support they received (for their management from other units with which they are interrelated, a descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in the health

  19. Endothelial dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with epigenetic changes in the eNOS gene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Khalyfa, Abdelnaby; Gozal, David; Bhattacharjee, Rakesh; Wang, Yang

    2013-04-01

    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder that has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity, even in children. However, not all children with OSA manifest alterations in endothelial postocclusive hyperemia, an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent response. Since expression of the eNOS gene is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and OSA may cause epigenetic modifications such as DNA hypermethylation, we hypothesized that epigenetic modifications in the eNOS gene may underlie the differential vascular phenotypes in pediatric OSA. Age-, sex-, ethnicity-, and BMI-matched prepubertal children with polysomnographically confirmed OSA and either normal (OSAn) or abnormal (OSAab) postocclusive hyperemic responses, assessed as the time to attain peak reperfusion flow (Tmax) by laser Doppler flowmetry, were recruited. Blood genomic DNA was assessed for epigenetic modifications in the eNOS gene using pyrosequencing. Children with no evidence of OSA or endothelial dysfunction served as a control group. The study comprised 36 children with OSA (11 with OSAab and 25 with OSAn) and 35 children in the control group. Overall, the mean age was 7.5 ± 2.4 years, 65% were boys, and 30% were obese; mean apnea-hypopnea index was 18 ± 8.6/h of sleep for the children with OSA. Tmax was 66.7 ± 8.8 s in the OSAab group and 30.1 ± 8.3 s in the OSAn group (P < .001). Pyrosequencing of the proximal promoter region of the eNOS gene revealed no significant differences in six of the seven CpG sites. However, a CpG site located at position -171 (relative to transcription start site), approximating important transcriptional elements, displayed significantly higher methylation levels in the OSAab group as compared with the OSAn or control groups (81.5% ± 3.5%, 74.8% ± 1.4%, and 74.5% ± 1.7%, respectively; P < .001). eNOS mRNA expression levels were assessed in a separate group of children and were significantly reduced in the OSAab

  20. Variações nos níveis de adiponectina nos pacientes com doença renal crônica: um estudo prospectivo de 12 meses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Ayako Kamimura

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As complicações cardiovasculares permanecem como a principal causa de mortalidade nos pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC. A adiponectina é uma proteína produzida pelo tecido adiposo que apresenta importante propriedade cardioprotetora. O nosso objetivo foi investigar os determinantes dos níveis de adiponectina nos pacientes com DRC. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo observacional incluiu 98 pacientes [taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG 36,1+-14,4 ml/min; 56,5+-10,4 anos; 63% homens; 31% diabéticos e índice de massa corporal (IMC 27,1+-5,2 kg/m²]. A avaliação da adiponectina (teste imunoenzimático, dos parâmetros laboratoriais, do estado nutricional (avaliação global subjetiva, da gordura corporal total (absortometria de raios-x de dupla energia e da gordura abdominal visceral e subcutânea (tomografia computadorizada foi realizada no início e após 12 meses. RESULTADOS: A adiponectina correlacionou-se com a TFG (r = -0,45; p < 0,001, a proteinúria (r = 0,21; p = 0,04, o IMC (r = -0,33; p < 0,01 e a gordura visceral (r = -0,49; p < 0,001. Na análise de regressão múltipla, os determinantes das concentrações de adiponectina foram o sexo (feminino β = 3,8; p < 0,01, a idade (β = 0,14; p = 0,03, a TFG (β = -0,15; p < 0,01 e a gordura visceral (β = -0,04; p < 0,001 (R² = 0,41. Após 12 meses, a progressão da DRC foi evidenciada pela diminuição da TFG (-1,6+-6,3 ml/min; p = 0,01 e aumento da proteinúria (0,3+-0,8 g/d; p < 0,01. Houve um aumento da gordura visceral de 97+-73 cm² para 111+-82 cm² (p < 0,001 e concomitante redução dos níveis de adiponectina, de 27,6+-7,5 mg/l para 22,2+-11,6 mg/l (p < 0,001. O peso corporal, o IMC, a gordura corporal total e a gordura abdominal subcutânea não se alteraram neste período. Ajustando pelos fatores associados à adiponectina, observamos que somente o acúmulo de gordura visceral ao longo do tempo determinou a redução nos níveis de

  1. The Development of Scientific Literacy through Nature of Science (NoS) within Inquiry Based Learning Approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    Widowati, A.; Widodo, E.; Anjarsari, P.; Setuju

    2017-11-01

    Understanding of science instructional leading to the formation of student scientific literacy, seems not yet fully understood well by science teachers. Because of this, certainly needs to be reformed because science literacy is a major goal in science education for science education reform. Efforts of development science literacy can be done by help students develop an information conception of the Nature of Science (NoS) and apply inquiry approach. It is expected that students’ science literacy can develop more optimal by combining NoS within inquiry approach. The purpose of this research is to produce scientific literacy development model of NoS within inquiry-based learning. The preparation of learning tools will be maked through Research and Development (R & D) following the 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) and Borg & Gall. This study is a follow-up of preliminary research results about the inquiry profile of junior high school students indicating that most categories are quite good. The design of the model NoS within inquiry approach for developing scientific literacy is using MER Model in development educational reconstruction. This research will still proceed to the next stage that is Develop.

  2. Nf1 Loss and Ras Hyperactivation in Oligodendrocytes Induce NOS-Driven Defects in Myelin and Vasculature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Debra A. Mayes

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 and Costello syndrome Rasopathy have behavioral deficits. In NF1 patients, these may correlate with white matter enlargement and aberrant myelin. To model these features, we induced Nf1 loss or HRas hyperactivation in mouse oligodendrocytes. Enlarged brain white matter tracts correlated with myelin decompaction, downregulation of claudin-11, and mislocalization of connexin-32. Surprisingly, non-cell-autonomous defects in perivascular astrocytes and the blood-brain barrier (BBB developed, implicating a soluble mediator. Nitric oxide (NO can disrupt tight junctions and gap junctions, and NO and NO synthases (NOS1–NOS3 were upregulated in mutant white matter. Treating mice with the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine corrected cellular phenotypes. CNP-HRasG12V mice also displayed locomotor hyperactivity, which could be rescued by antioxidant treatment. We conclude that Nf1/Ras regulates oligodendrocyte NOS and that dysregulated NO signaling in oligodendrocytes can alter the surrounding vasculature. The data suggest that antioxidants may improve some behavioral deficits in Rasopathy patients.

  3. Intoxicação por selênio em suínos no Sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danilo C. Gomes

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available São descritos dois surtos de intoxicação por selênio em suínos na região Sul do Brasil. Foram acometidos leitões em fase de creche, entre 27 e 22 dias, com mortalidade variando de 16% a 15,3% (Surto 1 e 2 respectivamente. Os suínos apresentaram poliomielomalacia simétrica focal e lesões de casco, que inicialmente eram caracterizadas por uma linha avermelhada na borda coronária que evoluía nos suínos sobreviventes para desprendimento do casco. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram após seis dias (Surto 1 e 30 horas (Surto 2 da introdução da ração com alto teor de selênio. O surgimento dos sinais foi abrupto, caracterizado por andar cambaleante, com evolução para paralisia dos membros pélvicos e posteriormente tetraparesia. Macroscopicamente observaram-se focos circulares amarelados com áreas deprimidas mais escuras, restritas ao corno ventral da substância cinzenta em intumescências cervical e lombar. Microscopicamente essas áreas corresponderam à malacia da substância cinzenta, caracterizada por microcavitações, perda neuronal, cromatólise, neuronofagia, infiltrado de células Gitter, microgliose, astrócitos de Alzheimer tipo II e proliferação de células endoteliais evidenciadas na imunohistoquímica (IHQ para fator de von Willebrand. Ainda, no segundo surto, dois animais apresentaram vacuolização difusa do citoplasma de neurônios e em um suíno foram observados astrócitos gemistocíticos. Na IHQ para GFAP ficou evidenciada uma astrocitose e astrogliose. Além dessas alterações medulares, em dois suínos observou-se, polioencefalomalácia simétrica no tronco encefálico. Em amostras de ração, detectou-se 3,38ppm (Surto 1 e 154ppm (Surto 2 de Se/kg e em amostras de fígado foram encontradas dosagens superiores a 3,34ppm (variando de 3,34 até 10ppm. No Surto 2, após 44 dias da retirada da ração, foi realizada eutanásia de seis suínos para monitoramento de níveis hepáticos de selênio (dois suínos

  4. Sociodemographic, neuropsychiatric and cognitive characteristics of pathological gambling and impulse control disorders NOS in Parkinson's disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pontieri, Francesco E; Assogna, Francesca; Pellicano, Clelia; Cacciari, Claudia; Pannunzi, Sara; Morrone, Annalucia; Danese, Emanuela; Caltagirone, Carlo; Spalletta, Gianfranco

    2015-01-01

    Despite of previous evidence supporting the association between impulse control disorder (ICD) and several demographic, clinical and therapeutic features in Parkinson's disease (PD), the relationships between pathological gambling (PG) or other variants of ICD (ICD-NOS) and specific neuropsychiatric or cognitive domains are not entirely defined. In this study, 155 PD patients without dementia or cognitive impairment underwent: i. the ICD diagnoses, using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders, ii. the mood and anxiety disorders diagnoses, according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, and iii. a comprehensive battery for measuring severity of psychopathology and neuropsychology domains. Patients were divided in those with pathological gambling (PG), ICDs not otherwise specified (ICD-NOS), or the lack of ICD (No-ICD). There was a progression in age and age at onset from the younger PG subjects throughout ICD-NOS to No-ICD. PG and ICD-NOS subjects had longer disease duration and were taking significantly higher dosages of antiparkinsonian drugs than No-ICD ones. PG subjects had significantly higher severity of depressive and anxious symptoms with respect to the other 2 groups. Both PG and ICD-NOS subjects suffer from increased severity of psychotic symptoms than No-ICD ones. The 3 groups did not differ in any cognitive measure. Our results support the concept that the different sociodemographic and neuropsychiatric profiles of PD patients are associated with different ICDs. Moreover, we clearly demonstrate the lack of relationship between ICD and cognitive performances in undemented PD patients. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.

  5. Conformance to Regulatory Guide 1.97, Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-400 and 50-401)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stoffel, J.W.

    1985-09-01

    This EG and G Idaho, Inc. report reviews the submittals for Regulatory Guide 1.97, Revision 3, for Unit Nos. 1 and 2 of the Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant and identifies areas of nonconformance to the regulatory guide. Exceptions to Regulatory Guide 1.97 are evaluated and those areas where sufficient basis for acceptability is not provided are identified. 7 refs

  6. Ergodicity of the Stochastic Nosé-Hoover Heat Bath

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wei Chung Lo,; Baowen Li,

    2010-07-01

    We numerically study the ergodicity of the stochastic Nosé-Hoover heat bath whose formalism is based on the Markovian approximation for the Nosé-Hoover equation [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77 (2008) 103001]. The approximation leads to a Langevin-like equation driven by a fluctuating dissipative force and multiplicative Gaussian white noise. The steady state solution of the associated Fokker-Planck equation is the canonical distribution. We investigate the dynamics of this method for the case of (i) free particle, (ii) nonlinear oscillators and (iii) lattice chains. We derive the Fokker-Planck equation for the free particle and present approximate analytical solution for the stationary distribution in the context of the Markovian approximation. Numerical simulation results for nonlinear oscillators show that this method results in a Gaussian distribution for the particles velocity. We also employ the method as heat baths to study nonequilibrium heat flow in one-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU-β) and Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) lattices. The establishment of well-defined temperature profiles are observed only when the lattice size is large. Our results provide numerical justification for such Markovian approximation for classical single- and many-body systems.

  7. Avaliação do bem-estar no transporte e nos currais de descanso pela ocorrência de lesões em carcaças de suínos abatidos em matadouro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Sofia Esteves

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bem-Estar Animal consiste no estado do animal em sua tentativa de adaptação ao meio ambiente envolvente, podendo ser medido e melhorado com a ação do ser humano. Nos últimos anos o tema “Bem-Estar Animal” tem adquirido importância, resultante das grandes preocupações com o manejo dos animais em vida e constatação da influência que este tem na qualidade da carne post mortem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o efeito do lote de suínos transportados, respectivo tamanho, tipo de trajeto e do tempo decorrido entre a origem e o abate na ocorrência de lesões, consideradas indicadores mínimos de bem-estar animal em matadouro. Nos matadouros de suínos da região norte de Portugal, foram monitorados 834 animais com relação à ocorrência de lesões compatíveis com lacerações, eritemas cutâneos, hematomas e fraturas, em cinco diferentes lotes. Pela análise global dos dados, verificou-se que as lacerações estavam presentes em 72% dos animais e foi o tipo de lesão mais frequentemente observado. Seguiram-se os eritemas cutâneos em 20%, os hematomas em 11% e as fraturas em apenas 1% dos animais. O tamanho do lote de animais transportados, a duração da viagem e o tempo de permanência no matadouro influenciaram significativamente a ocorrência das lesões monitoradas, nomeadamente lacerações, eritemas e hematomas.

  8. Animal Certifié Conforme: Déchiffrer nos Relations avec le Vivant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel W. Gade

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Review of Animal Certifié Conforme: Déchiffrer nos Relations avec le Vivant. Bernadette Lizet and Jacqueline Milliet, eds. 2012. Dunod/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Pp 256. €22 (paperback. ISBN 9782100582853.

  9. A few words about Gilberto Velho (1945-2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Howard S. Becker

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available O sociólogo americano Howard S. Becker, ao saber da morte, em todos os sentidos prematura, aos 66 anos, do antropólogo brasileiro Gilberto Velho, em 14 de abril de 2012, se disse emocionado e enviou à revista – de cujo Conselho Editorial ele é integrante e no qual Velho permanecerá in memorian – um pequeno texto, pararelembrar sua longa história com o colega que conheceu quando este foi fazer parte de seus estudos nos EUA e que ajudou a trazer sua obra para o Brasil. Preferimos manter as palavras de Becker no original, para preservar o caráter de emergência da homenagem ao velho amigo, dele e de todos na revista. Velho morreu em sua casa, enquanto dormia, em decorrência de problemas cardíacos. Gilberto Cardoso Alves Velho nasceu em 15 de maio de 1945, no Rio de Janeiro. Estudou ciências sociais no IFCS/UFRJ, graduando-se em 1968, e fez mestrado em uma das primeiras turmas do Museu Nacional (MN, também na UFRJ, concluído em 1970, produzindo uma dissertação que se tornaria seu livro mais conhecido, A utopia urbana. Aos EUA, foi logodepois, para uma especialização em antropologia das sociedades complexas, na University of Texas de Austin. Sua tese de doutorado foi defendida na universidade de São Paulo (USP em 1975. Tornou-se professor efetivo do MN em 1979, embora ministrasse cursos na casa desde 1963. Ao longo de toda a carreira, produziu váriostrabalhos importantes, ocupou vários cargos de destaque e ajudou a formar várias gerações de pesquisadores.Por meio de Becker, Dilemas presta aqui sua homenagem ao colega.

  10. Educação bilíngüe e multiculturalismo: o exemplo americano = Bilingual education and multiculturalism: the american example

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naiditch, Fernando

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma visão histórica de educação bilingüe nos Estados Unidos e mostra que a forma como ela foi compreendida mudou através dos anos. O artigo focaliza as diferentes políticas educacionais e a legislação que regulamentam o uso de outras linguas que não o inglês no sistema educacional público e privado nos EUA. Políticas públicas que tratam do ensino de inglês como segunda língua também são discutidas. A perspectiva histórica apresentada no artigo percorre diferentes momentos da história americana e mostra como eles afetaram as políticas educacionais que guiam o uso do inglês e de linguas estrangeiras nas escolas (ex: imigração, o Sputnik, o movimento de direitos civis, e mais recentemente o Nenhuma Criança Deixada para Trás. O artigo mostra as vantagens de se viver em uma sociedade multicultural, e também como o sistema de educação pública pode se beneficiar deste fato, e como administradores e educadores devem abordar diversidade lingüística e cultural tanto dentro como fora da sala de aula

  11. A boa-fé nos contratos relacionais : análise da solução cooperativa para a preservação do equilíbrio nos contratos bancários

    OpenAIRE

    Pessoa, Carlos Levi Costa

    2013-01-01

    Aplicação da teoria relacional e as soluções cooperativas para a preservação do equilíbrio nos contratos bancários. A pesquisa visa a analisar a teoria relacional, demonstrando a interação entre o princípio da boa-fé e as soluções cooperativas para harmonização dos conflitos nos contratos de longa duração. A partir de estudos dessa doutrina estrangeira, pretende-se evidenciar as novas técnicas negociais adotadas nas relações bancárias de consumo, mais aptas a atender às atuais transformações ...

  12. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS1) Polymorphisms Interact with Financial Hardship to Affect Depression Risk

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sarginson, Jane E; Deakin, JF William; Anderson, Ian M; Downey, Darragh; Thomas, Emma; Elliott, Rebecca; Juhasz, Gabriella

    2014-01-01

    There is increasing evidence that genetic factors have a role in differential susceptibility to depression in response to severe or chronic adversity. Studies in animals suggest that nitric oxide (NO) signalling has a key role in depression-like behavioural responses to stress. This study investigated whether genetic variation in the brain-expressed nitric oxide synthase gene NOS1 modifies the relationship between psychosocial stress and current depression score. We recruited a population sample of 1222 individuals who provided DNA and questionnaire data on symptoms and stress. Scores on the List of Life-Threatening Experiences (LTE) questionnaire for the last year and self-rated current financial hardship were used as measures of recent/ongoing psychosocial stress. Twenty SNPs were genotyped. Significant associations between eight NOS1 SNPs, comprising two regional haplotypes, and current depression score were identified that survived correction for multiple testing when current financial hardship was used as the interaction term. A smaller three-SNP haplotypes (rs10507279, rs1004356 and rs3782218) located in a regulatory region of NOS1 showed one of the strongest effects, with the A-C-T haplotype associating with higher depression scores at low adversity levels but lower depression scores at higher adversity levels (p=2.3E-05). These results suggest that NOS1 SNPs interact with exposure to economic and psychosocial stressors to alter individual's susceptibility to depression. PMID:24917196

  13. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) polymorphisms interact with financial hardship to affect depression risk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sarginson, Jane E; Deakin, J F William; Anderson, Ian M; Downey, Darragh; Thomas, Emma; Elliott, Rebecca; Juhasz, Gabriella

    2014-11-01

    There is increasing evidence that genetic factors have a role in differential susceptibility to depression in response to severe or chronic adversity. Studies in animals suggest that nitric oxide (NO) signalling has a key role in depression-like behavioural responses to stress. This study investigated whether genetic variation in the brain-expressed nitric oxide synthase gene NOS1 modifies the relationship between psychosocial stress and current depression score. We recruited a population sample of 1222 individuals who provided DNA and questionnaire data on symptoms and stress. Scores on the List of Life-Threatening Experiences (LTE) questionnaire for the last year and self-rated current financial hardship were used as measures of recent/ongoing psychosocial stress. Twenty SNPs were genotyped. Significant associations between eight NOS1 SNPs, comprising two regional haplotypes, and current depression score were identified that survived correction for multiple testing when current financial hardship was used as the interaction term. A smaller three-SNP haplotypes (rs10507279, rs1004356 and rs3782218) located in a regulatory region of NOS1 showed one of the strongest effects, with the A-C-T haplotype associating with higher depression scores at low adversity levels but lower depression scores at higher adversity levels (p=2.3E-05). These results suggest that NOS1 SNPs interact with exposure to economic and psychosocial stressors to alter individual's susceptibility to depression.

  14. Lymphatic endothelial cells efferent to inflamed joints produce iNOS and inhibit lymphatic vessel contraction and drainage in TNF-induced arthritis in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, Qianqian; Ju, Yawen; Chen, Yan; Wang, Wensheng; Li, Jinlong; Zhang, Li; Xu, Hao; Wood, Ronald W; Schwarz, Edward M; Boyce, Brendan F; Wang, Yongjun; Xing, Lianping

    2016-03-12

    In this study, we sought to determine the cellular source of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), the effects of iNOS on lymphatic smooth muscle cell (LSMC) function and on the development of arthritis in TNF-transgenic (TNF-Tg) mice, and whether iNOS inhibitors improve lymphatic function and reduce joint destruction in inflammatory erosive arthritis. We used quantitative polymerase chain reactions, immunohistochemistry, histology, and near-infrared imaging to examine (1) iNOS expression in podoplanin + LECs and lymphatic vessels from wild-type (WT) and TNF-Tg mice, (2) iNOS induction by TNF in WT LECs, (3) the effects of iNOS inhibitors on expression of functional muscle genes in LSMCs, and (4) the effects of iNOS inhibitors on lymphatic vessel contraction and drainage, as well as the severity of arthritis, in TNF-Tg mice. LECs from TNF-Tg mice had eight fold higher iNOS messenger RNA levels than WT cells, and iNOS expression was confirmed immunohistochemically in podoplanin + LECs in lymphatic vessels from inflamed joints. TNF (0.1 ng/ml) increased iNOS levels 40-fold in LECs. LSMCs cocultured with LECs pretreated with TNF had reduced expression of functional muscle genes. This reduction was prevented by ferulic acid, which blocked nitric oxide production. Local injection of L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine 5-tetrazole-amide into inflamed paws of TNF-Tg mice resulted in recovery of lymphatic vessel contractions and drainage. Treatment of TNF-Tg mice with ferulic acid reduced synovial inflammation as well as cartilage and bone erosion, and it also restored lymphatic contraction and drainage. iNOS is produced primarily by LECs in lymphatic vessel efferent from inflamed joints of TNF-Tg mice in response to TNF and inhibits LSMC contraction and lymph drainage. Ferulic acid represents a potential new therapy to restore lymphatic function and thus improve inflammatory

  15. The Impact of the Social Norms of Education on Beginning Science Teachers' Understanding of NOS During their First Three Years in the Classroom

    Science.gov (United States)

    Firestone, Jonah B.

    An understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS) remains a fundamental goal of science education in the Unites States. A developed understanding of NOS provides a framework in which to situate science knowledge. Secondary science teachers play a critical role in providing students with an introduction to understanding NOS. Unfortunately, due to the high turnover rates of secondary science teachers in the United States, this critical role is often filled by relatively novice teachers. These beginning secondary science teachers make instructional decisions regarding science that are drawn from their emerging knowledge base, including a tentative understanding of NOS. This tentative knowledge can be affected by environment and culture of the classroom, school, and district in which beginning teachers find themselves. When examining NOS among preservice and beginning teachers the background and demographics of the teachers are often ignored. These teachers are treated as a homogenous block in terms of their initial understanding of NOS. This oversight potentially ignores interactions that may happen over time as teachers cross the border from college students, preservice teachers, and scientists into the classroom environment. Through Symbolic Interactionism we can explain how teachers change in order to adapt to their new surroundings and how this adaptation may be detrimental to their understanding of NOS and ultimately to their practice. 63 teachers drawn from a larger National Science Foundation (NSF) funded study were interviewed about their understanding of NOS over three years. Several demographic factors including college major, preservice program, number of History and Philosophy of Science classes, and highest academic degree achieve were shown to have an affect on the understanding of NOS over time. In addition, over time, the teachers tended to 'converge' in their understanding of NOS regardless of preservice experiences or induction support. Both the affect

  16. Práticas emergentes em Psicologia Escolar: a mediação no desenvolvimento de competências dos educadores sociais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pollianna Galvão Soares

    Full Text Available Discutir as possibilidades de atuação da Psicologia Escolar nos contextos de educação não-formal se constitui tema de reflexão atual. As Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONG’s surgem no cenário do Terceiro Setor como nova esfera social que aproxima a sociedade civil das demandas sociais e, no caso, daquelas provenientes do campo educacional. Nesta conjuntura, surgem os educadores sociais com perfil profissional ainda pouco definido e preparado para os desafios cotidianos dos espaços de combate à exclusão social. Esse artigo irá abordar sobre a relevância da formação continuada dos educadores sociais, a partir da mediação do psicólogo escolar, com base nos pressupostos teórico-conceituais da psicologia histórico-cultural. Inicialmente, serão discutidas as primeiras relações da Psicologia e Educação no Brasil; seguidamente, se discorrerá sobre a instauração de ONG’s educativas no país, sinalizando para a emergência da profissão educador social; por fim, abordar-se-á sobre a mediação do psicólogo escolar para o desenvolvimento de competências dos educadores sociais.

  17. Pesquisas sobre infâncias, formação de professores e linguagens: diálogos com a perspectiva histórico-cultural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Rosa Picanço Moreira

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda as relações entre as concepções de sujeito e educação com base nos estudos realizados pelo grupo de pesquisa LEFoPI/UFJF. A partir da abordagem histórico-cultural, calcada nas ideias de Vigotski e Bakhtin, discute os processos de construção de subjetividade que emergem nas relações entre adultos e crianças e entre crianças mediadas pelas produções culturais desses sujeitos nos contextos da educação infantil e anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, tendo a linguagem como eixo central. Esses processos são investigados mediante dois projetos: (1 pesquisa-intervenção na perspectiva crítica de colaboração com profissionais de creche em formação continuada; (2 estudo longitudinal, que busca compreender a experiência de um grupo de crianças na transição entre a etapa da educação infantil e o ensino fundamental, focalizando especialmente a leitura. Os estudos chamam a atenção para a importância da reflexão sobre a prática e a prática da reflexão, em um movimento circunscrito ao contexto histórico-cultural de cada sujeito.

  18. Astronomy Teaching and Teachers Continuing Education: the Interdisciplinarity during a Total Lunar Eclipse. (Spanish Title: Enseñanza de la Astronomía y la Formación Continua de Profesores: la Interdisciplinariedad Durante un Eclipse Total de Luna.) Educação EM Astronomia E Formação Continuada de Professores: a Interdisciplinaridade Durante um Eclipse Lunar TOTAL

    Science.gov (United States)

    Langhi, Rodolfo

    2009-07-01

    This paper describes how 67 teachers from 23 cities, could awaken, in students, the scientific interest, using a natural astronomical phenomenon: a total lunar eclipse. Before and after of eclipse, meetings for continuing education were characterized by interdisciplinarity of astronomy and the importance of these observations. Working groups were formed by teachers and students, who organized the survey data, mobilizing the people in their cities. The results point ways about how to provide the scientific culture and the motivation to learn science in students, using approaches between the following communities: scientific, amateur and school. En este artículo se describe cómo 67 profesores de 23 ciudades, despertó el interés científico en los estudiantes mediante un fenómeno astronómico: un eclipse total de Luna. Antes y después del eclipse, reuniones para la formación continua se centraron en la interdisciplinariedad de la astronomía, y la importancia de las observaciones de este tipo de fenómeno. Profesores y estudiantes formaron grupos de trabajo para investigar datos durante el eclipse, con el participación de la comunidad en sus ciudades. Los resultados apuntan a las opciones que conducen a la cultura científica y la motivación para aprender la ciencia, utilizando las relaciones de los siguientes grupos: científicos, aficionados y la escuela. Este texto relata como 67 professores, provenientes de 23 cidades, puderam despertar, nos alunos, o interesse científico utilizando um fenômeno natural astronômico: um eclipse lunar total. O evento foi precedido e procedido por encontros de formação continuada, onde se caracterizou a interdisciplinaridade da astronomia e a importância das observações de fenômenos como estes. Grupos de trabalho foram formados por professores e alunos, que se organizaram para o levantamento conjunto de dados durante o fenômeno, além do envolvimento da comunidade em suas respectivas cidades. Os resultados apontam

  19. (--Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates NADPH-d/nNOS expression in motor neurons of rats following peripheral nerve injury

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tseng Chi-Yu

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Oxidative stress and large amounts of nitric oxide (NO have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies have shown that (--epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, one of the green tea polyphenols, has potent antioxidant effects against free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in ischemia-induced neuronal damage. The purpose of this study was to examine whether EGCG would attenuate neuronal expression of NADPH-d/nNOS in the motor neurons of the lower brainstem following peripheral nerve crush. Thus, young adult rats were treated with EGCG (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg, i.p. 30 min prior to crushing their hypoglossal and vagus nerves for 30 seconds (left side, at the cervical level. The treatment (pre-crush doses of EGCG was continued from day 1 to day 6, and the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d histochemistry and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS immunohistochemistry were used to assess neuronal NADPH-d/nNOS expression in the hypoglossal nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Results In rats treated with high dosages of EGCG (25 or 50 mg/kg, NADPH-d/nNOS reactivity and cell death of the motor neurons were significantly decreased. Conclusions The present evidence indicated that EGCG can reduce NADPH-d/nNOS reactivity and thus may enhance motor neuron survival time following peripheral nerve injury.

  20. Involvement of PI3K, Akt, and RhoA in oestradiol regulation of cardiac iNOS expression.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zafirovic, Sonja; Sudar-Milovanovic, Emina; Obradovic, Milan; Djordjevic, Jelena; Jasnic, Nebojsa; Borovic, Milica Labudovic; Isenovic, Esma R

    2018-02-12

    Oestradiol is an important regulatory factor with several positive effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. We evaluated the molecular mechanism of the in vivo effects of oestradiol on the regulation of cardiac inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression and activity. Male Wistar rats were treated with oestradiol (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and after 24 h the animals were sacrificed. The concentrations of NO and L-Arginine (L-Arg) were determined spectrophotometrically. For protein expressions of iNOS, p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-p65), Ras homolog gene family-member A (RhoA), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), p85, p110 and protein kinase B (Akt), Western blot method was used. Co-immunoprecipitation was used for measuring the association of IRS-1 with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). The expression of iNOS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was measured with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue was used to detect localization and expression of iNOS in heart tissue. Oestradiol treatment reduced L-Arg concentration (pAkt phosphorylation at Thr308 (pregulates cardiac iNOS expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, through attenuation of RhoA and AT1R. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  1. The β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist BRL37344 Exacerbates Atrial Structural Remodeling Through iNOS Uncoupling in Canine Models of Atrial Fibrillation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xiaobing; Wang, Ruifeng; Liu, Guangzhong; Dong, Jingmei; Zhao, Guanqi; Tian, Jingpu; Sun, Jiayu; Jia, Xiuyue; Wei, Lin; Wang, Yuping; Li, Weimin

    2016-01-01

    The role of the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist BRL37344 in atrial fibrillation (AF) structural remodeling and the underlying mechanisms as a therapeutic target were investigated. Four groups of dogs were evaluated: sham, pacing, β3-AR agonist BRL37344 (β3-AGO), and β3-AR antagonist L748337 (β3-ANT) groups. Dogs in the pacing, β3-AGO and β3-ANT groups were subjected to rapid atrial pacing for four weeks. Atrial structure and function, AF inducibility and duration, atrial myocyte apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis were assessed. Atrial superoxide anions were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and colorimetric assays. Cardiac nitrate+nitrite levels were used to assess nitric oxide (NO) production. Protein and mRNA expression of β3-AR, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH-1) as well as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels were measured. β3-AR was up-regulated in AF. Stimulation of β3-AR significantly increased atrial myocyte apoptosis, fibrosis and atrial dilatation, resulting in increased AF induction and prolonged duration. These effects were attenuated by β3-ANT. Moreover, β3-AGO reduced BH4 and NO production and increased superoxide production, which was inhibited by the specific iNOS inhibitor, 1400w β3-AGO also increased iNOS but decreased eNOS and had no effect on nNOS expression in AF. β3-AR stimulation resulted in atrial structural remodeling by increasing iNOS uncoupling and related oxidative stress. β3-AR up-regulation and iNOS uncoupling might be underlying AF therapeutic targets. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

  2. Pobreza multidimensional nos municípios da Região Nordeste

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janaina Ottonelli

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Na abordagem das capacitações de Sen (1981, 1985, 2000, 2001, a pobreza significa privação em diferentes aspectos da vida. O objetivo deste estudo é mensurar a pobreza multidimensional nos municípios da Região Nordeste por meio da teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy e dados do Censo Demográfico (IBGE, 2010. São utilizados 19 indicadores (funcionamentos distribuídos em quatro dimensões: educação, saúde, condições habitacionais e renda. Os resultados indicam pobreza, com destaque nas dimensões da renda e da educação, principalmente nos estados de Maranhão, Alagoas, Piauí e Paraíba. Políticas de redução da pobreza precisam considerar quais são as privações sofridas pelas pessoas e as particularidades do local onde vivem.

  3. Modulation of NO and ROS production by AdiNOS transduced vascular cells through supplementation with L-Arg and BH4: implications for gene therapy of restenosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forbes, Scott P; Alferiev, Ivan S; Chorny, Michael; Adamo, Richard F; Levy, Robert J; Fishbein, Ilia

    2013-09-01

    Gene therapy with viral vectors encoding for NOS enzymes has been recognized as a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of restenosis. Optimal activity of iNOS is dependent on the intracellular availability of L-Arg and BH4 via prevention of NOS decoupling and subsequent ROS formation. Herein, we investigated the effects of separate and combined L-Arg and BH4 supplementation on the production of NO and ROS in cultured rat arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells transduced with AdiNOS, and their impact on the antirestenotic effectiveness of AdiNOS delivery to balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Supplementation of AdiNOS transduced endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells with L-Arg (3.0 mM), BH4 (10 μM) and especially their combination resulted in a significant increase in NO production as measured by nitrite formation in media. Formation of ROS was dose-dependently increased following transduction with increasing MOIs of AdiNOS. Exposure of RASMC to AdiNOS tethered to meshes via a hydrolyzable cross-linker, modeling viral delivery from stents, resulted in increased ROS production, which was decreased by supplementation with BH4 but not L-Arg or L-Arg/BH4. Enhanced cell death, caused by AdiNOS transduction, was also preventable with BH4 supplementation. In the rat carotid model of balloon injury, intraluminal delivery of AdiNOS in BH4-, L-Arg-, and especially in BH4 and L-Arg supplemented animals was found to significantly enhance the antirestenotic effects of AdiNOS-mediated gene therapy. Fine-tuning of iNOS function by L-Arg and BH4 supplementation in the transduced vasculature augments the therapeutic potential of gene therapy with iNOS for the prevention of restenosis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Proteomic identification of S-nitrosylated Golgi proteins: new insights into endothelial cell regulation by eNOS-derived NO.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Panjamaporn Sangwung

    Full Text Available Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS is primarily localized on the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane caveolae in endothelial cells. Previously, we demonstrated that protein S-nitrosylation occurs preferentially where eNOS is localized. Thus, in endothelial cells, Golgi proteins are likely to be targets for S-nitrosylation. The aim of this study was to identify S-nitrosylated Golgi proteins and attribute their S-nitrosylation to eNOS-derived nitric oxide in endothelial cells.Golgi membranes were isolated from rat livers. S-nitrosylated Golgi proteins were determined by a modified biotin-switch assay coupled with mass spectrometry that allows the identification of the S-nitrosylated cysteine residue. The biotin switch assay followed by Western blot or immunoprecipitation using an S-nitrosocysteine antibody was also employed to validate S-nitrosylated proteins in endothelial cell lysates.Seventy-eight potential S-nitrosylated proteins and their target cysteine residues for S-nitrosylation were identified; 9 of them were Golgi-resident or Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum (ER-associated proteins. Among these 9 proteins, S-nitrosylation of EMMPRIN and Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3 was verified in endothelial cells. Furthermore, S-nitrosylation of these proteins was found at the basal levels and increased in response to eNOS stimulation by the calcium ionophore A23187. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation showed that EMMPRIN and GOLPH3 are co-localized with eNOS at the Golgi apparatus in endothelial cells. S-nitrosylation of EMMPRIN was notably increased in the aorta of cirrhotic rats.Our data suggest that the selective S-nitrosylation of EMMPRIN and GOLPH3 at the Golgi apparatus in endothelial cells results from the physical proximity to eNOS-derived nitric oxide.

  5. Direct evidence of iNOS-mediated in vivo free radical production and protein oxidation in acetone-induced ketosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stadler, Krisztian; Bonini, Marcelo G.; Dallas, Shannon; Duma, Danielle; Mason, Ronald P.; Kadiiska, Maria B.

    2008-01-01

    Diabetic patients frequently encounter ketosis that is characterized by the breakdown of lipids with the consequent accumulation of ketone bodies. Several studies have demonstrated that reactive species are likely to induce tissue damage in diabetes, but the role of the ketone bodies in the process has not been fully investigated. In this study, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy combined with novel spin-trapping and immunological techniques has been used to investigate in vivo free radical formation in a murine model of acetone-induced ketosis. A six-line EPR spectrum consistent with the α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-t-butylnitrone radical adduct of a carbon-centered lipid-derived radical was detected in the liver extracts. To investigate the possible enzymatic source of these radicals, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase knockout mice were used. Free radical production was unchanged in the NADPH oxidase knockout but much decreased in the iNOS knockout mice, suggesting a role for iNOS in free radical production. Longer-term exposure to acetone revealed iNOS overexpression in the liver together with protein radical formation, which was detected by confocal microscopy and a novel immunospin-trapping method. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed enhanced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation as a consequence of persistent free radical generation after 21 days of acetone treatment in control and NADPH oxidase knockout but not in iNOS knockout mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate that acetone administration, a model of ketosis, can lead to protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation through a free radical-dependent mechanism driven mainly by iNOS overexpression. PMID:18559982

  6. Ibuprofen arginate retains eNOS substrate activity and reverses endothelial dysfunction: implications for the COX-2/ADMA axis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kirkby, Nicholas S; Tesfai, Abel; Ahmetaj-Shala, Blerina; Gashaw, Hime H; Sampaio, Walkyria; Etelvino, Gisele; Leão, Nádia Miricéia; Santos, Robson A; Mitchell, Jane A

    2016-12-01

    Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, are among the most commonly used medications and produce their antiinflammatory effects by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Their use is associated with increased risk of heart attacks caused by blocking COX-2 in the vasculature and/or kidney, with our recent work implicating the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a cardiotoxic hormone whose effects can be prevented by l-arginine. The ibuprofen salt ibuprofen arginate (Spididol) was created to increase solubility but we suggest that it could also augment the NO pathway through codelivery of arginine. Here we investigated the idea that ibuprofen arginate can act to simultaneously inhibit COX-2 and preserve the NO pathway. Ibuprofen arginate functioned similarly to ibuprofen sodium for inhibition of mouse/human COX-2, but only ibuprofen arginate served as a substrate for NOS. Ibuprofen arginate but not ibuprofen sodium also reversed the inhibitory effects of ADMA and N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester on inducible NOS (macrophages) and endothelial NOS in vitro (aorta) and in vivo (blood pressure). These observations show that ibuprofen arginate provides, in one preparation, a COX-2 inhibitor and NOS substrate that could act to negate the harmful cardiovascular consequences mediated by blocking renal COX-2 and increased ADMA. While remarkably simple, our findings are potentially game-changing in the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug arena.-Kirkby, N. S., Tesfai, A., Ahmetaj-Shala, B., Gashaw, H. H., Sampaio, W., Etelvino, G., Leão, N. M., Santos, R. A., Mitchell, J. A. Ibuprofen arginate retains eNOS substrate activity and reverses endothelial dysfunction: implications for the COX-2/ADMA axis. © The Author(s).

  7. Association between nucleotide mutation of eNOS gene and serum ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Galaxy

    2013-05-15

    May 15, 2013 ... spasm among Japanese (Nakayama et al., 1999; Casas et al., 2006). It is believed that these mutations might result in altered NO metabolism and impaired .... ship between T-786C mutation of eNOS gene and CAD specifically in the Iranian population. To our knowledge, this polymorphism has never been ...

  8. Comparison of Brazilian and American norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS Comparação entre normas brasileiras e norte-americanas do International Affective Picture System (IAPS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafaela Larsen Ribeiro

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The present article compares Brazilian and American norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS, a set of normative emotional photographic slides for experimental investigations. METHODS: Subjects were 1,062 Brazilian university students (364 men and 698 women who rated 707 pictures from the IAPS in terms of pleasure, arousal, and dominance following the methodology of the original normative study in the US, enabling direct comparison of data from the two samples through Pearson product moment correlation and Student t test. RESULTS: All correlations were highly significant with the highest level for the pleasure dimension, followed by dominance and arousal. However, contrary to the American normative values, our data showed that Brazilian subjects generally assigned higher arousal ratings overall. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that this set of stimuli can be used in Brazil as an affective rating tool due to the high correlations found across the two populations, despite differences on the arousal dimension, which are discussed in detail.OBJETIVO: O presente artigo compara as normas obtidas no Brasil e nos EUA para o "International Affective Picture System" (IAPS, um conjunto de fotografias emocionais amplamente utilizado na investigação experimental. MÉTODOS: Os sujeitos foram 1.062 universitários brasileiros (364 homens e 698 mulheres que avaliaram as 707 fotografias do IAPS nas dimensões prazer, alerta e dominância, utilizando o mesmo procedimento do estudo normativo original realizado nos EUA, permitindo uma comparação direta dos dados através de correlações lineares de Pearson e testes t de Student. RESULTADOS: Todas as correlações entre as populações foram altamente significativas, sendo o maior coeficiente o da dimensão prazer, seguido da dimensão dominância e alerta. Entretanto, os brasileiros atribuíram maiores valores médios à dimensão alerta do que os norte-americanos. CONCLUSÃO: Os

  9. 75 FR 6223 - PSEG Nuclear LLC; Hope Creek Generating Station and Salem Nuclear Generating Station, Unit Nos. 1...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-02-08

    ... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. 50-272, 50-311 and 50-354; NRC-2010-0043] PSEG Nuclear LLC; Hope Creek Generating Station and Salem Nuclear Generating Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2...-70, and DPR-75, issued to PSEG Nuclear LLC (PSEG, the licensee), for operation of the Hope Creek...

  10. Common Variation in the NOS1AP Gene Is Associated With Drug-Induced QT Prolongation and Ventricular Arrhythmia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jamshidi, Yalda; Nolte, Ilja M.; Dalageorgou, Chrysoula; Zheng, Dongling; Johnson, Toby; Bastiaenen, Rachel; Ruddy, Suzanne; Talbott, Daniel; Norris, Kris J.; Snieder, Harold; George, Alfred L.; Marshall, Vanessa; Shakir, Saad; Kannankeril, Prince J.; Munroe, Patricia B.; Camm, A. John; Jeffery, Steve; Roden, Dan M.; Behr, Elijah R.

    2012-01-01

    Objectives This study sought to determine whether variations in NOS1AP affect drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS). Background Use of antiarrhythmic drugs is limited by the high incidence of serious adverse events including QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. NOS1AP gene variants play a role in

  11. DA Negatively Regulates IGF-I Actions Implicated in Cognitive Function via Interaction of PSD95 and nNOS in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Saidan; Zhuge, Weishan; Wang, Xuebao; Yang, Jianjing; Lin, Yuanshao; Wang, Chengde; Hu, Jiangnan; Zhuge, Qichuan

    2017-01-01

    Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been positively correlated with cognitive ability. Cognitive decline in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was shown to be induced by elevated intracranial dopamine (DA). The beneficial effect of IGF-I signaling in MHE remains unknown. In this study, we found that IGF-I content was reduced in MHE rats and that IGF-I administration mitigated cognitive decline of MHE rats. A protective effect of IGF-I on the DA-induced interaction between postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was found in neurons. Ribosomal S6 protein kinase (RSK) phosphorylated nNOS in response to IGF-I by recruiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). In turn, DA inactivated the ERK1/2/RSK pathway and stimulated the PSD95-nNOS interaction by downregulating IGF-I. Inhibition of the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS ameliorated DA-induced memory impairment. As DA induced deficits in the ERK1/2/RSK pathway and the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS in MHE brains, IGF-I administration exerted a protective effect via interruption of the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS. These results suggest that IGF-I antagonizes DA-induced cognitive loss by disrupting PSD95-nNOS interactions in MHE.

  12. DA Negatively Regulates IGF-I Actions Implicated in Cognitive Function via Interaction of PSD95 and nNOS in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saidan Ding

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I has been positively correlated with cognitive ability. Cognitive decline in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE was shown to be induced by elevated intracranial dopamine (DA. The beneficial effect of IGF-I signaling in MHE remains unknown. In this study, we found that IGF-I content was reduced in MHE rats and that IGF-I administration mitigated cognitive decline of MHE rats. A protective effect of IGF-I on the DA-induced interaction between postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS was found in neurons. Ribosomal S6 protein kinase (RSK phosphorylated nNOS in response to IGF-I by recruiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2. In turn, DA inactivated the ERK1/2/RSK pathway and stimulated the PSD95–nNOS interaction by downregulating IGF-I. Inhibition of the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS ameliorated DA-induced memory impairment. As DA induced deficits in the ERK1/2/RSK pathway and the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS in MHE brains, IGF-I administration exerted a protective effect via interruption of the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS. These results suggest that IGF-I antagonizes DA-induced cognitive loss by disrupting PSD95–nNOS interactions in MHE.

  13. Association of NOS3 gene variants and clinical contributors of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kuzmanić Šamija, R. [Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split (Croatia); Primorac, D. [School of Medicine Split, University of Split, Split (Croatia); Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek (Croatia); Eberly College of Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA (United States); St. Catherine Speciality Hospital, Zabok (Croatia); Rešić, B. [School of Medicine Split, University of Split, Split (Croatia); Pavlov, V. [Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Split, Split (Croatia); Čapkun, V. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split (Croatia); Punda, H. [School of Medicine Split, University of Split, Split (Croatia); Lozić, B. [Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Split (Croatia); Zemunik, T. [Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine Split, University of Split, Split (Croatia)

    2014-08-15

    The aim of this study was to analyze the association of different clinical contributors of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with NOS3 gene polymorphisms. A total of 110 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and 128 control children were selected for this study. Association of gender, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, cranial ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings with genotypic data of six haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and the most commonly investigated rs1800779 and rs2070744 polymorphisms was analyzed. The TGT haplotype of rs1800783, rs1800779, and rs2070744 polymorphisms was associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Children with the TGT haplotype were infants below 32 weeks of gestation and they had the most severe brain damage. Increased incidence of the TT genotype of the NOS3 rs1808593 SNP was found in the group of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy patients with medium and severe brain damage. The probability of brain damage was twice as high in children with the TT genotype than in children with the TG genotype of the same polymorphism. Furthermore, the T allele of the same polymorphism was twice as frequent in children with lower Apgar scores. This study strongly suggests associations of NOS3 gene polymorphism with intensity of brain damage and severity of the clinical picture in affected children.

  14. Association of NOS3 gene variants and clinical contributors of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuzmanić Šamija, R.; Primorac, D.; Rešić, B.; Pavlov, V.; Čapkun, V.; Punda, H.; Lozić, B.; Zemunik, T.

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this study was to analyze the association of different clinical contributors of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with NOS3 gene polymorphisms. A total of 110 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and 128 control children were selected for this study. Association of gender, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, cranial ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings with genotypic data of six haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and the most commonly investigated rs1800779 and rs2070744 polymorphisms was analyzed. The TGT haplotype of rs1800783, rs1800779, and rs2070744 polymorphisms was associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Children with the TGT haplotype were infants below 32 weeks of gestation and they had the most severe brain damage. Increased incidence of the TT genotype of the NOS3 rs1808593 SNP was found in the group of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy patients with medium and severe brain damage. The probability of brain damage was twice as high in children with the TT genotype than in children with the TG genotype of the same polymorphism. Furthermore, the T allele of the same polymorphism was twice as frequent in children with lower Apgar scores. This study strongly suggests associations of NOS3 gene polymorphism with intensity of brain damage and severity of the clinical picture in affected children

  15. Eficiencia en el uso del agua por las plantas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hipólito Medrano

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La disponibilidad de agua es el principal factor limitante de la producción agrícola y ganadera en ambientes de clima mediterráneo. Limitación que, ante las previsiones de Cambio Climático Global realizadas por organismo internacionales, serán mucho mayores en los próximos años. En este escenario, la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos hídricos debe ser un aspecto transversal de las políticas públicas que debe, por tanto, ser afrontado desde diversos puntos de vista. En este sentido, uno de los temas claves a considerar es la eficiencia con la que las plantas usan el agua. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión de los diferentes aspectos relacionados con este tema, considerando las diferentes escalas a las que se estudia la eficiencia en el uso del agua por las plantas (EUA, desde la hoja hasta el cultivo o el ecosistema. Así, se abordan las dificultades técnicas que existen para medir, de una forma precisa, la EUA de un cultivo o de un ecosistema, la importancia del ambiente y de las prácticas agronómicas como determinantes de la EUA, la diversidad genética inter e intraespecífica, y las implicaciones prácticas de estos factores a la hora de incrementar la EUA.

  16. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorated L-NAME-induced hypertensive heart disease by the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jin, Sheng; Teng, Xu; Xiao, Lin; Xue, Hongmei; Guo, Qi; Duan, Xiaocui; Chen, Yuhong; Wu, Yuming

    2017-12-01

    Reductions in hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) production have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, no studies have examined the functional role of hydrogen sulfide in hypertensive heart disease. We hypothesized that the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide would be reduced and exogenous hydrogen sulfide would ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in N ω -nitro- L-arginine methyl ester ( L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Therefore, this study investigated the cardioprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide on L-NAME-induced hypertensive heart disease and explored potential mechanisms. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, Control + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), L-NAME, L-NAME + NaHS, and L-NAME + NaHS + glibenclamide (Gli) groups. Systolic blood pressure was monitored each week. In Langendorff-isolated rat heart, cardiac function represented by ±LV dP/dt max and left ventricular developing pressure was recorded after five weeks of treatment. Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining and myocardium ultrastructure under transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate cardiac remodeling. The plasma nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide concentrations, as well as nitric oxide synthases and cystathionine-γ-lyase activity in left ventricle tissue were determined. The protein expression of p-Akt, Akt, p-eNOS, and eNOS in left ventricle tissue was analyzed using Western blot. After five weeks of L-NAME treatment, there was a time-dependent hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction accompanied by a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation, nitric oxide synthase activity, and nitric oxide concentration. Meanwhile, cystathionine-γ-lyase activity and hydrogen sulfide concentration were also decreased. NaHS treatment significantly increased plasma hydrogen sulfide concentration and subsequently promoted the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway which inhibited the development of hypertension and attenuated cardiac remodeling and

  17. 77 FR 12010 - Marine Mammals; File Nos. 1076-1789 and 14502

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-02-28

    ... NMFS to study and document the health and biology of wild marine mammals as well as those marine... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XB040 Marine Mammals; File Nos. 1076-1789 and 14502 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic...

  18. A política é a arma do negócio: o papel dos EUA e das corporations na construção da ditadura chilena = Politics is the weapon of the business: the role of USA government and the corporations in chile’s dictatorship = La política es el la arma del negocio: el papel de los Estados Unidos y de las corporations en la construcción de la dictadura chilena

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poggi, Tatiana

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo busca abordar as relações entre o governo EUA e grandes conglomerados privados norte-americanos e chilenos, revelando seu papel na derrubada do governo Allende e na construção da ditadura no Chile. Primeiramente, destacaremos as relações entre o poder público e os interesses privados, influenciando políticas públicas, comumente expostas como de interesse nacional, público, de todos. Então, procuraremos entender o processo de construção da ditadura chilena a partir de uma abordagem global, relacionado às dinâmicas do capitalismo contemporâneo, marcado pela transnacionalização da produção, da política, de ideologias e mentalidades

  19. IL-10 and NOS2 Modulate Antigen-Specific Reactivity and Nerve Infiltration by T Cells in Experimental Leprosy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hagge, Deanna A.; Scollard, David M.; Ray, Nashone A.; Marks, Vilma T.; Deming, Angelina T.; Spencer, John S.; Adams, Linda B.

    2014-01-01

    Background Although immunopathology dictates clinical outcome in leprosy, the dynamics of early and chronic infection are poorly defined. In the tuberculoid region of the spectrum, Mycobacterium leprae growth is restricted yet a severe granulomatous lesion can occur. The evolution and maintenance of chronic inflammatory processes like those observed in the leprosy granuloma involve an ongoing network of communications via cytokines. IL-10 has immunosuppressive properties and IL-10 genetic variants have been associated with leprosy development and reactions. Methodology/Principal Findings The role of IL-10 in resistance and inflammation in leprosy was investigated using Mycobacterium leprae infection of mice deficient in IL-10 (IL-10−/−), as well as mice deficient in both inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2−/−) and IL-10 (10NOS2−/−). Although a lack of IL-10 did not affect M. leprae multiplication in the footpads (FP), inflammation increased from C57Bl/6 (B6)leprae cell wall, membrane, and cytosol antigens and ML2028 (Ag85B) were significantly increased in the evolved granuloma in NOS2−/− FP compared to B6 and IL-10−/− during early and peak phases. In 10NOS2−/− FP, CD4+CD44+ and especially CD8+CD44+ responses were augmented even further to these antigens as well as to ML0380 (GroES), ML2038 (bacterioferritin), and ML1877 (EF-Tu). Moreover, fragmented nerves containing CD4+ cells were present in 10NOS2−/− FP. Conclusions/Significance The 10NOS2−/− strain offers insight on the regulation of granuloma formation and maintenance by immune modulators in the resistant forms of leprosy and presents a new model for investigating the pathogenesis of neurological involvement. PMID:25210773

  20. Um mundo metafísico nos trópicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Else Ribeiro Pires Vieira

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available A fonte torna-se a estrela inatingível e pura que, sem se deixar contaminar, contamina, brilha para os artistas dos países da América Latina... ilumina os movimentos das mãos, mas ao mesmo tempo torna os artistas súditos do seu magnetismo superior.. Silviano Santiago, Uma literatura nos trópicos Afastando-me do discurso crítico em torno das influências e do caráter tributário a ele inerente, sobre o qual nos adverte Santiago já em ensaio de 1971,1 afastando-me, igualmente, de Polarizações hierarquizadas como fonte/alvo, situando-me na fronteira fluida do transformar de escritas/reescritas e nela privilegiando áreas de permeabilidade entre os discursos e o seu jogo relacional, ofereço, neste texto, reflexões em torno da poesia metafísica inglesa traduzida entre 1978 e 1991 na sua interseção com outras produções textuais brasileiras no período de início da abertura política, gestação e nascimento da Nova República2 . Traduzir a Inglaterra, ler o Brasil. O que se traduz? Quem se traduz? Por que se traduz? Como se traduz?

  1. Discovery of a natural product-like iNOS inhibitor by molecular docking with potential neuroprotective effects in vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hai-Jing Zhong

    Full Text Available In this study, we applied structure-based virtual screening techniques to identify natural product or natural product-like inhibitors of iNOS. The iNOS inhibitory activity of the hit compounds was characterized using cellular assays and an in vivo zebrafish larvae model. The natural product-like compound 1 inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages, without exerting cytotoxic effects on the cells. Significantly, compound 1 was able to reverse MPTP-induced locomotion deficiency and neurotoxicity in an in vivo zebrafish larval model. Hence, compound 1 could be considered as a scaffold for the further development of iNOS inhibitors for potential anti-inflammatory or anti-neurodegenerative applications.

  2. A sociologia da saúde nos Estados Unidos, Grã-Bretanha e França: panorama geral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Everardo Duarte Nunes

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama geral da sociologia médica/sociologia da saúde nos Estados Unidos, Grã-Bretanha e França, das suas origens até hoje, situando a produção científica mais expressiva desse campo nesses países. A moderna sociologia médica/saúde emerge em diferentes momentos: nos Estados Unidos logo após a Segunda Guerra; na Grã-Bretanha, nos anos 60; e na França, na década de 1970. O estudo dessas trajetórias nacionais mostra que, na atualidade, constitui um campo estabelecido e em franco desenvolvimento com uma temática bastante diversificada e uma pluralidade de abordagens teóricas.

  3. Inhibition of iNOS and DNA Oxidation by Methanol Extract of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant properties of the methanol extract of S. tenuifolia as well as its effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycleooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced cell damage in macrophage cells. Methods: The antioxidant activities of the plant extract ...

  4. ICoNOs MM: The IT-enabled Collaborative Networked Organizations Maturity Model

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Santana Tapia, R.G.

    2009-01-01

    The focus of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive model for assessing and improving maturity of business-IT alignment (B-ITa) in collaborative networked organizations (CNOs): the ICoNOs MM. This two dimensional maturity model (MM) addresses five levels of maturity as well as four domains to

  5. Decreased NOS1 expression in the anterior cingulate cortex in depression

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Gao, Shang-Feng; Qi, Xin-Rui; Zhao, Juan; Balesar, Rawien; Bao, Ai-Min; Swaab, Dick F.

    2013-01-01

    Decreased function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of depression. A key role of nitric oxide (NO) has also been proposed. We aimed to determine the NO content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the expression of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, that is,

  6. A Fast Response Capability within NOAA/NOS/CO-OPS

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-01-01

    A Fast Response Capability within NOAA/NOS/CO-OPS P. B. Burke NOAA/National Ocean Service/CO-OPS 1305 East-West Hwy. Silver Spring, MD 20910...USA pat.burke@noaa.gov T. Graff NOAA/National Ocean Service/CO-OPS 1305 East-West Hwy. Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA tammy.graff@noaa.gov... flotation hull, an instrumentation tower mounted atop the hull and a current meter mount with a mooring attachment. The triangular tower housed two

  7. Os suínos da raça Bísara – oportunidades e desafios

    OpenAIRE

    Carvalho, Marieta

    2015-01-01

    A procura mundial de produtos de origem animal aumentará cerca de 70% em 2050. Estima-se que mil milhões de pobres dependam dos animais para a sua alimentação e criação de riqueza1. A carne de porco é um dos alimentos mais consumidos mundialmente, representando em 2012: 43,3% em todo o mundo2, 45,9% na União Europeia1 e 39,8 % em Portugal da carne total consumida3. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, fazer uma caracterização atual da suinicultura, com base nos suínos da raça Bísara, enumer...

  8. The Association between NOS3 Gene Polymorphisms and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Susceptibility and Symptoms in Chinese Han Population

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yongqin Wu

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Endothelial NOS (NOS3 has a potential role in the prevention of neuronal injury in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between NOS3 gene polymorphisms and HIE susceptibility and symptoms in a Chinese Han population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in the NOS3 gene, rs1800783, rs1800779, and rs2070744, were detected in 226 children with HIE and 212 healthy children in a Chinese Han population. Apgar scores and magnetic resonance image scans were used to estimate the symptoms and brain damage. The association analyses were conducted by using SNPStats and SPSS 18.0 software. The genotype and allele distributions of rs1800779 and rs1799983 displayed no significant differences between the patients and the controls, while the rs2070744 allele distribution was significantly different (corrected P=0.009. For clinical characteristics, the rs2070744 genotype distribution was significantly different in patients with different Apgar scores (≤5, TT/TC/CC = 6/7/5; 6~7, TT/TC/CC = 17/0/0; 8~9, TT/TC/CC = 6/2/0; 10, TT/TC/CC = 7/1/0; corrected P=0.006 in the 1001 to 1449 g birth weight subgroup. The haplotype test did not show any associations with the risk and clinical characteristics of HIE. The results suggest that NOS3 gene SNP rs2070744 was significantly associated with HIE susceptibility and symptom expression in Chinese Han population.

  9. 76 FR 1469 - Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, LLC; Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-10

    ... Nuclear Power Plant, LLC; Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 Environmental Assessment... Plant, LLC, the licensee, for operation of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2... Impact Statement for License Renewal of Nuclear Plants, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (NUREG-1437...

  10. Velocidad de la onda de pulso y la excreción urinaria de albumina en pacientes hipertensos tratados con Perindopril

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. E. Tobilli

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available La presión arterial sistólica, la presión arterial diastólica y la excreción urinaria de albúmina (EUA han sido reconocidas como predictores de riesgo cardiovascular. Además, los trastornos de la compliance arterial (CA evaluados mediante la velocidad de la onda de pulso elevada (VOP están estrechamente relacionados con los cambios de la presión arterial y correlacionados con la mortalidad cardiovascular y la presencia de ateroesclerosis. El objetivo primario de este estudio ha sido determinar la relación entre la VOP y la EUA en un grupo de pacientes no fumadores con hipertensión esencial y secundariamente evaluar los cambios producidos por un inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (perindopril sobre estas dos variables. En el estudio participaron setenta pacientes (33 hombres y 37 mujeres hipertensos no fumadores, sin tratamiento previo, de 50 ± 7 años (entre 35-69. La VOP de todos los pacientes fue estudiada por medio de un dispositivo computarizado (Complior en el período basal y a los seis meses de tratamiento con perindopril. También se determinó la EUA por el método de inmunodifusión radial al inicio del tratamiento y luego de seis meses de tratamiento con perindopril (4.6 ± 1.4 mg/día. Al finalizar el estudio se observó una reducción significativa de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS (160.2 ± 10.6 vs. 131.9 ± 7.1 mmHg, p<0.01, presión arterial diastólica (PAD (100.6 ± 5 vs. 81.6 ± 4.8 mmHg, p<0.01, VOP (13.4 ± 1 vs. 9.1 ± 0.9 m/seg, p<0.01 y EUA (42.2 ± 19.3 vs.11.1 ± 3.6 mg/día, p<0.01 al comparar estos valores con los del período basal. Por otra parte, la función renal evaluada por clearance de creatinina mostró una significativa mejoría en relación a los valores iniciales (87.5 ± 22.5 vs. 102.1 ± 23.5 ml/min, p<0.01. Asimismo, se apreció una significativa correlación positiva entre la EUA y la VOP al inicio del estudio (r = 0.81; p<0.01 y después de seis meses de tratamiento

  11. Icariin stimulates angiogenesis by activating the MEK/ERK- and PI3K/Akt/eNOS-dependent signal pathways in human endothelial cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chung, Byung-Hee; Kim, Jong-Dai; Kim, Chun-Ki; Kim, Jung Huan; Won, Moo-Ho; Lee, Han-Soo; Dong, Mi-Sook; Ha, Kwon-Soo; Kwon, Young-Geun; Kim, Young-Myeong

    2008-01-01

    We investigated the molecular effect and signal pathway of icariin, a major flavonoid of Epimedium koreanum Nakai, on angiogenesis. Icariin stimulated in vitro endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis, which are typical phenomena of angiogenesis, as well as increased in vivo angiogenesis. Icariin activated the angiogenic signal modulators, ERK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and increased NO production, without affecting VEGF expression, indicating that icariin may directly stimulate angiogenesis. Icariin-induced ERK activation and angiogenic events were significantly inhibited by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, without affecting Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. The PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin suppressed icariin-mediated angiogenesis and Akt and eNOS activation without affecting ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, the NOS inhibitor NMA partially reduced the angiogenic activity of icariin. These results suggest that icariin stimulated angiogenesis by activating the MEK/ERK- and PI3K/Akt/eNOS-dependent signal pathways and may be a useful drug for angiogenic therapy

  12. No effect of NOS inhibition on skeletal muscle glucose uptake during in situ hindlimb contraction in healthy and diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hong, Yet Hoi; Betik, Andrew C; Premilovac, Dino; Dwyer, Renee M; Keske, Michelle A; Rattigan, Stephen; McConell, Glenn K

    2015-05-15

    Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be involved in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction/exercise, especially in individuals with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). To examine the potential mechanisms, we examined the effect of local NO synthase (NOS) inhibition on muscle glucose uptake and muscle capillary blood flow during contraction in healthy and T2D rats. T2D was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using a combined high-fat diet (23% fat wt/wt for 4 wk) and low-dose streptozotocin injections (35 mg/kg). Anesthetized animals had one hindlimb stimulated to contract in situ for 30 min (2 Hz, 0.1 ms, 35 V) with the contralateral hindlimb rested. After 10 min, the NOS inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 5 μM) or saline was continuously infused into the femoral artery of the contracting hindlimb until the end of contraction. Surprisingly, there was no increase in skeletal muscle NOS activity during contraction in either group. Local NOS inhibition had no effect on systemic blood pressure or muscle contraction force, but it did cause a significant attenuation of the increase in femoral artery blood flow in control and T2D rats. However, NOS inhibition did not attenuate the increase in muscle capillary recruitment during contraction in these rats. Muscle glucose uptake during contraction was significantly higher in T2D rats compared with controls but, unlike our previous findings in hooded Wistar rats, NOS inhibition had no effect on glucose uptake during contraction. In conclusion, NOS inhibition did not affect muscle glucose uptake during contraction in control or T2D Sprague-Dawley rats, and this may have been because there was no increase in NOS activity during contraction. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

  13. The role of an iNOS polymorphism at the post-diagnosis diabetes development in children with Type 1 diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Johannesen, Jesper; Eriksen, Vibeke; Andersen, Marie Louise Max

    2016-01-01

    Objective: A missense polymorphism (rs2297518) of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene causing a serine to leucine substitution at amino acic position 608 has previously been associated to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Activation of iNOS is a main effector pathway......: At 1 month IL-1β was detected more frequently in CC-genotype individuals as compared to CT and TT individuals, 24/168 vs. 3/75 and 0/9, respectively (p=0.03). This effect was not present at 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis. The iNOS polymorphism was not associated to diabetic ketoacidosis status...

  14. Technical specifications, Braidwood Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. STN 50-456 and STN 50-457): Appendix ''A'' to License No. NPF-70

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1987-05-01

    The Braidwood Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, Technical Specifications were prepared by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to set forth the limits, operating conditions, and other requirements applicable to a nuclear reactor facility as set forth in Section 50.36 of 10 CFR Part 50 for the protection of the health and safety of the public. 18 figs., 55 tabs

  15. Conformance to Regulatory Guide 1.97 Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant, Unit Nos. 1, 2 and 3 (Docket Nos. 50-259, 50-260, and 50-296)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Udy, A.C.

    1985-07-01

    This EG and G Idaho, Inc., report reviews the submittals for Regulatory Guide 1.97, Revision 3, for Unit Nos. 1, 2 and 3 of the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant and identifies areas of nonconformance to the regulatory guide. Exceptions to Regulatory Guide 1.97 are evaluated and those areas where sufficient basis for acceptability is not provided are identified

  16. PPARα induced NOS1 phosphorylation via PI3K/Akt in guinea pig antral mucous cells: NO-enhancement in Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tanaka, Saori; Hosogi, Shigekuni; Sawabe, Yukinori; Shimamoto, Chikao; Matsumura, Hitoshi; Inui, Toshio; Marunaka, Yoshinori; Nakahari, Takashi

    2016-01-01

    A PPARα (peroxisome proliferation activation receptor α) agonist (GW7647) activates nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) to produce NO leading to cGMP accumulation in antral mucous cells. In this study, we examined how PPARα activates NOS1. The NO production stimulated by GW7647 was suppressed by inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin) and Akt (AKT 1/2 Kinase Inhibitor, AKT-inh), although it was also suppressed by the inhibitors of PPARα (GW6471) and NOS1 (N-PLA). GW7647 enhanced the ACh (acetylcholine)-stimulated exocytosis (Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis) mediated via NO, which was abolished by GW6471, N-PLA, wortmannin, and AKT-inh. The Western blotting revealed that GW7647 phosphorylates NOS1 via phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt in antral mucous cells. The immunofluorescence examinations demonstrated that PPARα existing with NOS1 co-localizes with PI3K and Akt in the cytoplasm of antral mucous cells. ACh alone and AACOCF3, an analogue of arachidonic acid (AA), induced the NOS1 phosphorylation via PI3K/Akt to produce NO, which was inhibited by GW6471. Since AA is a natural ligand for PPARα, ACh stimulates PPARα probably via AA. In conclusion, PPARα activates NOS1 via PI3K/Akt phosphorylation to produce NO in antral mucous cells during ACh stimulation.

  17. A NOS3 polymorphism determines endothelial response to folate in children with type 1 diabetes or obesity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wiltshire, Esko J; Peña, Alexia S; MacKenzie, Karen; Bose-Sundernathan, Tulika; Gent, Roger; Couper, Jennifer J

    2015-02-01

    To determine the effect of polymorphisms in NOS3 and folate pathway enzymes on vascular function and folate status and endothelial response to folate in children with diabetes or obesity. A total of 244 subjects (age 13.8 ± 2.8 years, 125 males) were studied for NOS3 and/or folate pathway polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism, including at baseline: 139 with type 1 diabetes; 58 with obesity; and 47 controls. The effect of NOS3 genotype on endothelial response to folate (5 mg) was assessed in 85 subjects with diabetes and 28 obese subjects who received active treatment during intervention trials. Vascular function (flow-mediated dilatation [FMD] and glyceryl trinitrate-mediated dilatation), clinical, and biochemical measurements were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks in folate intervention studies. Folate pathway enzyme and NOS3 polymorphisms did not significantly affect baseline vascular function. The polymorphism in intron 4 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase altered endothelial response to folate significantly: in subjects with diabetes FMD improved by 6.4 ± 5% (insertion carriers) vs 2.3 ± 6.6% (deletion carriers), P = .01; in obese subjects FMD improved by 1.8 ± 5.4% (insertion carriers) and deteriorated by -3.2 ± 7.2% (deletion carriers), P = .05. More subjects carrying the insertion normalized FMD after folate supplementation (insertion 64% vs deletion 28%, χ(2) = 10.14, P = .001). A NOS3 polymorphism predicts endothelial response to folate in children with diabetes or obesity, with implications for vascular risk and folate intervention studies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Role of ERK1/2 kinase in the expression of iNOS by NDMA in human neutrophils.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ratajczak-Wrona, Wioletta; Jablonska, Ewa; Garley, Marzena; Jablonski, Jakub; Radziwon, Piotr

    2013-01-01

    Potential role of ERK1/2 kinase in conjunction with p38 in the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production, and superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils (PMNs) exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was determined. Increased synthesis of NO due to the involvement of iNOS in neutrophils exposed to NDMA was observed. In addition, intensified activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinases was determined in these cells. Inhibition of kinase regulated by extracellular signals (ERK1/2) pathway, in contrast to p38 pathway, led to an increased production of NO and expression of iNOS in PMNs. Moreover, as a result of inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway, a decreased activation of p38 kinase was observed in neutrophils, while inhibition of p38 kinase did not affect activation of ERK1/2 pathway in these cells. An increased ability to release superoxide anion by the studied PMNs was observed, which decreased after ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. In conclusion, in human neutrophils, ERK1/2 kinase is not directly involved in the regulation of iNOS and NO production induced by NDMA; however, the kinase participates in superoxide anion production in these cells.

  19. Música da Borda d'Água: nos textos e imagens de Alves Redol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Domingos Morais

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available António Alves Redol, escritor português natural de Vila Franca de Xira, nasceu a 29 de dezembro de 1911 e faleceu a 29 de novembro de 1969. Figura central do Neorrealismo português, foi autor de uma vasta obra ficcional, que inclui o teatro e o conto. Na noite de 25 de outubro de 1940, no Sport Lisboa e Vila Franca, realizou uma palestra sobre a "Música da Borda d'Água" de que não há registo conhecido. Tentamos refazer essa palestra, ou pelo menos as linhas orientadoras do seu discurso, recorrendo a textos de Redol, alguns inéditos, dos anos de 1938 e 1939, que nos foi possível consultar e digitalizar nos acervos do seu filho, António Mota Redol, em outubro de 2012. Na obra de Redol, as referências à música e dança são estruturantes das situações que descreve. Sem entrar em detalhes técnicos que talvez ignorasse, o que nos diz é revelador de como o movimento neorrealista, que tem em Fernando Lopes-Graça um solitário mentor, não descurou os repertórios e cancioneiros populares, contrapondo-os às práticas e gostos musicais das classes dominantes.

  20. Apontamentos sobre vieses alienantes nos versos da música popular brasileira - doi: 10.4025/actascieduc.v33i1.11228

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Egeslaine de Nez

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Por meio da análise de algumas fases e estilos da música popular brasileira surgidos entre os anos 50 e 80, o presente artigo busca identificar alguns vieses alienantes presentes nas letras de canções compostas dentre os estilos citados. Tem-se como pressuposto o conceito de alienação fundamentado em Marx, traduzido enquanto fenômeno que implique no distanciamento do homem de sua realidade, bem como a concepção de indústria cultural fundamentada em Adorno. A análise de letras de música também fez parte do Cinema Universitário no Projeto de Extensão Formação Continuada de Egressos e Licenciados do "Campus" Universitário do Vale do Teles Pires. O artigo aponta para a necessidade de maior observação por parte da sociedade e principalmente por parte dos educadores no que se refere aos traços alienantes e/ou voltados exclusivamente para o consumo em massa que a produção musical muitas vezes pode assumir, tendo-se em vista a análise crítica desse cenário com vistas à construção de uma cidadania cultural.

  1. 75 FR 66802 - Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, LLC; Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-29

    ... Nuclear Power Plant, LLC; Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2; Notice of Withdrawal of...) has granted the request of Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, LLC, the licensee, to withdraw its... for the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos. 1 and 2, located in Calvert County, MD. The...

  2. Examen quinquennal 2010 : confirmation de la dérive de nos salaires

    CERN Multimedia

    STAFF ASSOCIATION

    2010-01-01

    Examen quinquennal 2010 : confirmation de la dérive de nos salaires Un examen général de nos conditions financières et sociales a lieu tous les cinq ans : « l’examen quinquennal », dont l’annexe A1 des Statut et Règlement du personnel décrit les principes et la procédure. L’objet de l’examen quinquennal est d’assurer que les conditions financières et sociales offertes par l’Organisation permettent à celle-ci d’engager, dans tous ses Etats membres, et de retenir en son sein les titulaires de la plus haute compétence et de la plus grande intégrité nécessaires à l’exécution de sa mission. L’examen quinquennal inclut, à titre obligatoire, les traitements de base (les salaires de base des titulaires, les mens...

  3. Cursos de Formação Inicial e Continuada como Estratégia para a Inserção de Jovens e Adultos no Mundo do Trabalho:: experiência em unidade da rede FAETEC/RJ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Mariano dos Passos

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available A Educação não pode, e não deve, ficar alheia às rápidas e profundas mudanças pelas quais vem passando o mundo, e que transformam as formas de produção, trabalho e emprego. São fatos que se revelam como desafios à sociedade em geral, e particularmente, aos docentes e gestores da educação profissional. Atenta à mudança do foco da educação profissional, com ênfase na “trabalhabilidade”, a Fundação de Apoio a Escola Técnica (FAETEC/RJ, vinculada à Secretaria de Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, é responsável pela implementação da política de Educação Profissional no Estado, em consonância com o governo federal. Este artigo destaca a importância da Educação Profissional como fator estratégico de competitividade e desenvolvimento humano na nova ordem econômica mundial e, apresenta uma experiência desenvolvida em unidade da rede FAETEC – Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica, na Baixada Fluminense/RJ. Considerando os indicadores sociais do município de Belford Roxo, a equipe gestora do CETEP-Belford Roxo pode constatar que os cursos de formação inicial e continuada, presenciais e semipresenciais, vêm ao encontro dos anseios profissionais da comunidade, pois, atendem as exigências do mundo do trabalho e promovem a empregabilidade.

  4. Ética nos esportes: revisitando a questão do doping à luz do debate sobre aprimoramento humano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo de Araújo

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available O uso de certas drogas e de certos procedimentos para fins de melhoramento do desempenho nos esportes é banido pelas autoridades esportivas. Mas como pretendo mostrar neste artigo, alguns dos principais argumentos contra o uso de tecnologias para aprimoramento nos esportes são problemáticos. Autores como, por exemplo, Michael Sandel se comprometem com uma concepção metafísica de natureza humana na defesa da manutenção das regras que proíbem o uso de doping. Essa concepção de natureza humana, como procuro mostrar no artigo, é incompatível com a ideia corrente segundo a qual seres humanos, tal como os conhecemos hoje, resultam de um gradual processo de evolução por seleção natural. Disso não se segue, porém, como procuro mostrar na última sessão do artigo, que nenhuma das regras que proíbem o uso de tecnologias para fins de aprimoramento nos esportes seja moralmente justificada. O artigo argumenta em prol de uma liberação moderada de algumas drogas e procedimentos para fins de melhoramento do desempenho nos esportes.

  5. Flavone inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide production and protein S-nitrosylation in breast cancer cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhu, Wenzhen; Yang, Bingwu; Fu, Huiling; Ma, Long; Liu, Tingting; Chai, Rongfei; Zheng, Zhaodi [Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 (China); Zhang, Qunye, E-mail: wz.zhangqy@sdu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong (China); Li, Guorong, E-mail: grli@sdnu.edu.cn [Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 (China)

    2015-03-13

    As the core structure of flavonoids, flavone has been proved to possess anticancer effects. Flavone's growth inhibitory functions are related to NO. NO is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and generally increased in a variety of cancer cells. NO regulates multiple cellular responses by S-nitrosylation. In this study, we explored flavone-induced regulations on nitric oxide (NO)-related cellular processes in breast cancer cells. Our results showed that, flavone suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Flavone restrains NO synthesis by does-dependent inhibiting NOS enzymatic activity. The decrease of NO generation was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Flavone-induced inhibitory effect on NOS activity is dependent on intact cell structure. For the NO-induced protein modification, flavone treatment significantly down-regulated protein S-nitrosylation, which was detected by “Biotin-switch” method. The present study provides a novel, NO-related mechanism for the anticancer function of flavone. - Highlights: • Flavone inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. • Flavone decreases nitric oxide production by inhibiting NOS enzymatic activity in breast cancer cells. • Flavone down-regulates protein S-nitrosylation.

  6. Substance P ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by regulating eNOS expression in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Piao, Jiyuan; Hong, Hyun Sook; Son, Youngsook

    2018-04-01

    The aim of this study was to explore the beneficial effects of SP on NO production and inflammation-induced vascular endothelium cell death. To mimic the inflammatory environment, TNF-α was treated with HUVECs, and SP was added prior to TNF-α to determine its protective effect. WST-1 assay was performed to detect cell viability. NO level in conditioned medium was measured by Griess Reagent System. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3, eNOS, and phosphorylated Akt was detected by Western blot analysis. TNF-α declined endothelial cell viability by downregulating Akt and NO production. TNF-α-induced cell death was reliably restored by NO, confirming the requirement of NO for cell survival. By contrast, pretreatment of SP attenuated TNF-α-induced cellular apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS expression, and NO production. Blockage of NK-1R, phosphorylated Akt or eNOS by CP-96345, A6730, or L-NAME entirely eliminated the effect of SP. SP can protect the vascular endothelium against inflammation-induced damage through modulation of the Akt/eNOS/NO signaling pathway. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  7. Flavone inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide production and protein S-nitrosylation in breast cancer cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu, Wenzhen; Yang, Bingwu; Fu, Huiling; Ma, Long; Liu, Tingting; Chai, Rongfei; Zheng, Zhaodi; Zhang, Qunye; Li, Guorong

    2015-01-01

    As the core structure of flavonoids, flavone has been proved to possess anticancer effects. Flavone's growth inhibitory functions are related to NO. NO is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and generally increased in a variety of cancer cells. NO regulates multiple cellular responses by S-nitrosylation. In this study, we explored flavone-induced regulations on nitric oxide (NO)-related cellular processes in breast cancer cells. Our results showed that, flavone suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Flavone restrains NO synthesis by does-dependent inhibiting NOS enzymatic activity. The decrease of NO generation was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Flavone-induced inhibitory effect on NOS activity is dependent on intact cell structure. For the NO-induced protein modification, flavone treatment significantly down-regulated protein S-nitrosylation, which was detected by “Biotin-switch” method. The present study provides a novel, NO-related mechanism for the anticancer function of flavone. - Highlights: • Flavone inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. • Flavone decreases nitric oxide production by inhibiting NOS enzymatic activity in breast cancer cells. • Flavone down-regulates protein S-nitrosylation

  8. O papel da arte nos centros de atenção psicossocial - CAPS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Mara de Melo Tavares

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available Estudo sobre o uso da abordagem artística nos cuidados desenvolvidos nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS. Fundamentado em bases conceituais da Reforma Psiquiátrica, o objeto de estudo foi abordado por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória de campo, através da entrevista com profissionais dos CAPS. Os resultados encontrados indicam que atividades de base artística são utilizadas visando a uma interação positiva com o usuário do serviço na perspectiva de sua reabilitação psicossocial. Concluímos que o trabalho no CAPS atualiza a potencialidade criativa dos profissionais e usuários, sendo a arte tomada como uma estratégia de cuidar.

  9. Differential Patterns of Abnormal Activity and Connectivity in the Amygdala-Prefrontal Circuitry in Bipolar-I and Bipolar-NOS Youth

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ladouceur, Cecile D.; Farchione, Tiffany; Diwadkar, Vaibhav; Pruitt, Patrick; Radwan, Jacqueline; Axelson, David A.; Birmaher, Boris; Phillips, Mary L.

    2011-01-01

    Objective: The functioning of neural systems supporting emotion processing and regulation in youth with bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) remains poorly understood. We sought to examine patterns of activity and connectivity in youth with BP-NOS relative to youth with bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) and healthy controls (HC). Method:…

  10. A metodologia nos processos midiáticos

    OpenAIRE

    GOMES S. J, PEDRO GILBERTO

    2011-01-01

    Um grande desafio que temos hoje é a definiç ão e o estabelecimento do objeto da comunicaç ão. Este texto pretende discutir tanto a questão do objeto quando da metodologia nos processos mediáticos. Dizemos que o objeto precede ao método. Não podemos escolher um método se não se coñ éese o objeto. Para isso realiza um pequeno recorrido sobre o problema do método nas ciencias sociais e sua relaç ão com o objeto. A importância dessa discussão no âmbito da comunicaç ão está relacionada com o prob...

  11. A sociologia funcionalista nos estudos organizacionais: foco em Durkheim

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Augusto Cabral

    Full Text Available O tema que estrutura este ensaio é o da sociologia funcionalista, particularmente em termos de sua influência nos estudos organizacionais. O seu foco de análise é duplo. Em um primeiro momento, as obras de Durkheim. Em um segundo momento, o impacto e a supremacia dos enfoques funcionalistas nos estudos organizacionais. Embora seus segmentos estejam inter-relacionados, ele é composto de quatro partes. Na primeira, é feita uma análise histórica da emergência e sistematização das ciências sociais, de modo a traçar sua evolução até o surgimento dos trabalhos de Durkheim. Na segunda, tomando como referencial a obra de Burrell e Morgan (1979, é estudado o paradigma funcionalista em termos de sua origem e expoentes, com destaque para Comte e Spencer, visando chegar a uma compreensão inicial do pensamento de Durkheim e de sua sociologia. Na terceira, a vida e as principais obras de Durkheim são sumariadas e discutidas. Por fim, o status atual dos estudos organizacionais -vistos como um conjunto impreciso, elástico e eclético de teorias e pesquisas sociais voltados para os problemas das organizações -é analisado em termos de seus pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos subjacentes, como meio de explicitar a supremacia dos enfoques positivistas-funcionalistas.

  12. CXCL14 and NOS1 expression in specimens from patients with stage I-IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer after curative resection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ji, Xiaoqin; Shen, Zetian; Zhao, Benxin; Yuan, Xi; Zhu, Xixu

    2018-03-01

    Many studies show that CXC chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14) is highly expressed in tumor-associated stromal cells, promoting tumor cell growth, and invasion. Because of its unclear receptors, CXCL14-initiated intracellular signal cascades remain largely unknown. However, CXCL14 can regulate nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) as its intracellular molecular target. In this paper, we investigated the expression of CXCL14 and NOS1 in specimens from patients with stage I-IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after curative resection, and evaluated the prognostic significance of this gene expression in stromal fibroblasts and cancer cells.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CXCL14 and NOS1 in 106 formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from patients with stage I-IIIA NSCLC. The chi-square test was performed to examine the correlation of CXCL14 and NOS1 expression level with clinicopathological features. The effects of the expression of CXCL14 or NOS1 on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazard proportional model.The percentages of high CXCL14 expression in stromal fibroblasts and that in cancer cells were 46.2% (49/106) and 23.6% (25/106), respectively. The positive expression rates of NOS1 in cancer cells were 42.5% (45/106). The result indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between CXCL14 expression level in stromal fibroblasts and that in cancer cells (χ = 4.158, P = .041). In addition, the expression of CXCL14 in stromal fibroblasts was significantly correlated with NOS1 expression in cancer cells (χ = 16.156, P cancer cells were 62.3% and 15.6% (χ = 33.756, P cancer cells are independent negative predictors of PFS and OS in patients with stage I-IIIA NSCLC after curative resection.

  13. Proposta pedagógica para o ensino da Educação Física em Cuiabá: Relatos de uma formação continuada. Pedagogical proposal for Physical Education Teaching in Cuiabá: Description of a continuing education

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moreira, Evando C.

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to report the experience of developing a pedagogical proposal for Physical Education teaching in municipal schools from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, based on the assumptions of continuing education, collaborative work and the generation of teaching knowledge. The methodology consisted of monthly meetings between researchers and 150 teachers from municipal schools, seeking to diagnose current schools’ reality, establish goals for education, as well as define contents, workload and evaluation procedures in Physical Education classes development. The procedures adopted for the proposal’s development were based on a dialogical relationship between Physical Education teachers from municipal schools and researchers. During the meetings, initially the issues were brought by the researchers and then discussed by the teachers. Following the discussions and reflections, researchers compiled the appropriate information and presented the debate’s stratum. After that, discussions on the following thematic took place. This work’s final product resulted in the publication of the pedagogical proposal as a book, which was distributed to all municipal schools and its Physical Education teachers. This proposal implementation is already in progress, performed by another partnership between Federal University of Mato Grosso and Cuiaba’s municipal schools, establishing a continuing education process for 2013 and 2014. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de elaboração de uma proposta pedagógica de ensino da Educação Física para a rede municipal de ensino de Cuiabá-MT, Brasil, tendo por base os pressupostos de formação continuada, o trabalho colaborativo e a produção do conhecimento docente. Como metodologia, durante o projeto, realizaram-se reuniões mensais entre pesquisadores e 150 professores da rede municipal, com vistas a diagnosticar a realidade existente nas escolas, estabelecer objetivos para o

  14. Glycolipids from spinach suppress LPS-induced vascular inflammation through eNOS and NK-κB signaling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishii, Masakazu; Nakahara, Tatsuo; Araho, Daisuke; Murakami, Juri; Nishimura, Masahiro

    2017-07-01

    Glycolipids are the major constituent of the thylakoid membrane of higher plants and have a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. However, anti-inflammatory effects of glycolipids on vascular endothelial cells have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of glycolipids extracted from spinach on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced endothelial inflammation and evaluated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Treatment with glycolipids from spinach had no cytotoxic effects on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and significantly blocked the expression of LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in them. Glycolipids treatment also effectively suppressed monocyte adhesion to HUVECs. Treatment with glycolipids inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In addition, glycolipids treatment significantly promoted endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and nitric oxide (NO) production in HUVECs. Furthermore, glycolipids treatment blocked LPS-induced inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in HUVECs. Pretreatment with a NOS inhibitor attenuated glycolipids-induced suppression of NF-κB activation and adhesion molecule expression, and abolished the glycolipids-mediated suppression of monocyte adhesion to HUVECs. These results indicate that glycolipids suppress LPS-induced vascular inflammation through attenuation of the NF-κB pathway by increasing NO production in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that glycolipids from spinach may have a potential therapeutic use for inflammatory vascular diseases. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  15. Marine Cyclotripeptide X-13 Promotes Angiogenesis in Zebrafish and Human Endothelial Cells via PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathways

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhong Pei

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Cyclotripeptide X-13 is a core of novel marine compound xyloallenoide A isolated from mangrove fungus Xylaria sp. (no. 2508. We found that X-13 dose-dependently induced angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos and in human endothelial cells, which was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of eNOS and Akt and NO release. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/eNOS by LY294002 or l-NAME suppressed X-13-induced angiogenesis. The present work demonstrates that X-13 promotes angiogenesis via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathways.

  16. JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 情動障害NOS [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 情動障害NOS 名詞 一般 * * * * 感情障害 カンジョウショウガイ カンジョーショーガイ Thesaurus2015 200906055892192893 C LS51 UNKNOWN_2 情動 障害 NOS

  17. Aerobic exercise protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy via β3-AR-nNOS-NO activation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Wenju; Li, Xiaoli; Zheng, Qiangsun; Niu, Xiaolin

    2017-01-01

    Aerobic exercise confers sustainable protection against cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) are known to play an important role in exercise-mediated cardioprotection, but the mechanism of NOS/NO stimulation during exercise remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the role of β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), NOS activation, and NO metabolites (nitrite and nitrosothiols) in the sustained cardioprotective effects of aerobic exercise. An HF model was constructed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Animals were treated with either moderate aerobic exercise by swimming for 9 weeks and/or the β3-AR-specific inhibitor SR59230A at 0.1 mg/kg/hour one day after TAC operation. Myocardial fibrosis, myocyte size, plasma catecholamine (CA) level, cardiac function and geometry were assessed using Masson’s trichrome staining, FITC-labeled wheat germ agglutinin staining, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and echocardiography, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the expression of target proteins. The concentration of myocardial NO production was evaluated using the nitrate reductase method. Myocardial oxidative stress was assessed by detecting the concentration of myocardial super oxidative dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aerobic exercise training improved dilated left ventricular function and partially attenuated the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in TAC mice. Moreover, the increased expression of β3-AR, activation of neuronal NOS (nNOS), and production of NO were detected after aerobic exercise training in TAC mice. However, selective inhibition of β3-AR by SR59230A abolished the upregulation and activation of nNOS induced NO production. Furthermore, aerobic exercise training decreased the myocardial ROS and MDA contents and increased myocardial levels of SOD; both effects were partially attenuated by SR

  18. Aerobic exercise protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy via β3-AR-nNOS-NO activation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Bin; Xu, Ming; Li, Wenju; Li, Xiaoli; Zheng, Qiangsun; Niu, Xiaolin

    2017-01-01

    Aerobic exercise confers sustainable protection against cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) are known to play an important role in exercise-mediated cardioprotection, but the mechanism of NOS/NO stimulation during exercise remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the role of β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), NOS activation, and NO metabolites (nitrite and nitrosothiols) in the sustained cardioprotective effects of aerobic exercise. An HF model was constructed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Animals were treated with either moderate aerobic exercise by swimming for 9 weeks and/or the β3-AR-specific inhibitor SR59230A at 0.1 mg/kg/hour one day after TAC operation. Myocardial fibrosis, myocyte size, plasma catecholamine (CA) level, cardiac function and geometry were assessed using Masson's trichrome staining, FITC-labeled wheat germ agglutinin staining, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and echocardiography, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the expression of target proteins. The concentration of myocardial NO production was evaluated using the nitrate reductase method. Myocardial oxidative stress was assessed by detecting the concentration of myocardial super oxidative dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aerobic exercise training improved dilated left ventricular function and partially attenuated the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in TAC mice. Moreover, the increased expression of β3-AR, activation of neuronal NOS (nNOS), and production of NO were detected after aerobic exercise training in TAC mice. However, selective inhibition of β3-AR by SR59230A abolished the upregulation and activation of nNOS induced NO production. Furthermore, aerobic exercise training decreased the myocardial ROS and MDA contents and increased myocardial levels of SOD; both effects were partially attenuated by SR59230

  19. The influence of the perinatal chronic hyperglycaemia on the pattern of NOS isoforms expression in left ventricle myocardium in male rats of pre-pubertal age

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. V. Gancheva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of our study was to find out the features of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS isoforms expression in longitudinal and transversal layers of the myocardium of the left ventricle in male rats of 3 months, which are descendants of female rats with experimental gestational diabetes (EGD. Materials and methods. Study was carried out on 10 male rats descendants of female rats with normal course of pregnancy and 10 descendants of female rats with EGD. We evaluated the expression of neuronal, endothelial and inducible isoforms of NOS in histological sections both of transversal and longitudinal layers of the myocardium of left ventricle. With the aim to analyze the pattern of the NOS isoforms expression in 5 um histological slices of left ventricle myocardium we have carried out a complex of histochemical assays. Slices were allocated to 3 groups: 1st one was incubated with rabbit IgG to neuronal NOS (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA in dilution of 1:200; 2nd group underwent the incubation with rabbit IgG to endothelial NOS (eNos (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA in dilution 1:200; 3rd group was incubated with mice IgG to inducible NOS (iNos conjugated with FITC (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA in dilution of 1:200. The analysis of images was carried out with VIDAS-2.5 application package (Kontron Elektronik, Germany. Microimages of the left ventricle myocardium obtained with AxioScope (Carl Zeiss, Germany and COHU 4922 (COHU Inc., USA camera were processed in the system of digital image analysis VIDAS-386 (Kontron Elektronik, Germany. Results. In the study we have found that prenatal hyperglycaemia leads to the significant changes of the expression of NOS isoforms in the myocardium of left ventricle in male rats descendants of females with EGD, and the contain and the allocation of these enzymes are dependent both on type of the enzyme and its location in muscular layers. For eNOS the increase of the expression and the allocation in both transversal and

  20. Investigating the Role of TNF-α and IFN-γ Activation on the Dynamics of iNOS Gene Expression in LPS Stimulated Macrophages.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Taha Salim

    Full Text Available Macrophage produced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS is known to play a critical role in the proinflammatory response against intracellular pathogens by promoting the generation of bactericidal reactive nitrogen species. Robust and timely production of nitric oxide (NO by iNOS and analogous production of reactive oxygen species are critical components of an effective immune response. In addition to pathogen associated lipopolysaccharides (LPS, iNOS gene expression is dependent on numerous proinflammatory cytokines in the cellular microenvironment of the macrophage, two of which include interferon gamma (IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α. To understand the synergistic effect of IFN-γ and TNF-α activation, and LPS stimulation on iNOS expression dynamics and NO production, we developed a systems biology based mathematical model. Using our model, we investigated the impact of pre-infection cytokine exposure, or priming, on the system. We explored the essentiality of IFN-γ priming to the robustness of initial proinflammatory response with respect to the ability of macrophages to produce reactive species needed for pathogen clearance. Results from our theoretical studies indicated that IFN-γ and subsequent activation of IRF1 are essential in consequential production of iNOS upon LPS stimulation. We showed that IFN-γ priming at low concentrations greatly increases the effector response of macrophages against intracellular pathogens. Ultimately the model demonstrated that although TNF-α contributed towards a more rapid response time, measured as time to reach maximum iNOS production, IFN-γ stimulation was significantly more significant in terms of the maximum expression of iNOS and the concentration of NO produced.

  1. Investigating the Role of TNF-α and IFN-γ Activation on the Dynamics of iNOS Gene Expression in LPS Stimulated Macrophages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salim, Taha; Sershen, Cheryl L; May, Elebeoba E

    2016-01-01

    Macrophage produced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to play a critical role in the proinflammatory response against intracellular pathogens by promoting the generation of bactericidal reactive nitrogen species. Robust and timely production of nitric oxide (NO) by iNOS and analogous production of reactive oxygen species are critical components of an effective immune response. In addition to pathogen associated lipopolysaccharides (LPS), iNOS gene expression is dependent on numerous proinflammatory cytokines in the cellular microenvironment of the macrophage, two of which include interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To understand the synergistic effect of IFN-γ and TNF-α activation, and LPS stimulation on iNOS expression dynamics and NO production, we developed a systems biology based mathematical model. Using our model, we investigated the impact of pre-infection cytokine exposure, or priming, on the system. We explored the essentiality of IFN-γ priming to the robustness of initial proinflammatory response with respect to the ability of macrophages to produce reactive species needed for pathogen clearance. Results from our theoretical studies indicated that IFN-γ and subsequent activation of IRF1 are essential in consequential production of iNOS upon LPS stimulation. We showed that IFN-γ priming at low concentrations greatly increases the effector response of macrophages against intracellular pathogens. Ultimately the model demonstrated that although TNF-α contributed towards a more rapid response time, measured as time to reach maximum iNOS production, IFN-γ stimulation was significantly more significant in terms of the maximum expression of iNOS and the concentration of NO produced.

  2. Recommendations on AECB draft licensing guides nos. 40,41,42

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1981-06-01

    This report contains the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Nuclear Safety (ACNS) to the Atomic Energy Control Board concerning the draft AECB Licensing Guides 40, 41 and 42 which were issued subsequently as Consultative Documents Nos. 7, 8 and 9. Since the report focusses on points of principle or generic concern, most of its recommendations apply generally to all three documents, although some specific recommendations are included [fr

  3. Participação efetiva do enfermeiro no planejamento: foco nos custos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thais Cristina Albano

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de uma pesquisa que buscou verificar se os enfermeiros de uma instituição hospitalar privada da cidade de São Paulo-SP possuem visão de gerenciamento de custos e observar como ocorre a participação destes profissionais nos níveis de planejamento, com ênfase nos custos. Foram entrevistados 40 enfermeiros, durante seu turno de trabalho, através da aplicação de um questionário a respeito de gerenciamento de custos assistenciais e dos níveis de planejamento organizacional. Observou-se que 85% dos entrevistados afirmaram não participar do gerenciamento de custos assistenciais, sendo que 45% dos participantes não soube explicar a importância desse conhecimento. A maioria dos entrevistados (62,5% afirmou não participar do planejamento estratégico institucional e dentre os que participaram a maior parte não soube explicar sua participação.

  4. Orientações para o diagnóstico de influenza em suínos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rejane Schaefer

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho descreve a colheita adequada de amostras, as técnicas/procedimentos disponíveis para o diagnóstico de influenza A em suínos, assim como os resultados e suas respectivas interpretações, para auxiliar médicos veterinários de campo na identificação dessa doença. Em suínos vivos, as amostras adequadas são: secreção nasal, fluido oral e sangue (soro. Para suínos mortos, colher preferencialmente amostras de pulmão com consolidação cranioventral. Secreção nasal e fragmentos de pulmão refrigerado são utilizados para detectar partícula viral viável (isolamento viral - IV ou ácido nucleico viral (RT-PCR convencional e RT-PCR em tempo real. As amostras não devem ser congeladas, pois o vírus é inativado a -20°C. A caracterização molecular dos isolados é feita pela análise filogenética obtida pelo sequenciamento de DNA. O soro é utilizado para a detecção de anticorpos (Acs por meio do teste da inibição da hemaglutinação e ELISA. O fluido oral pode ser utilizado para detecção de anticorpo (ELISA ou de vírus. Fragmentos de pulmão fixados em formol a 10% são examinados microscopicamente para identificar pneumonia broncointersticial e para detecção de antígeno viral pela imuno-histoquímica (IHQ. Para o sucesso do diagnóstico, as amostras devem ser colhidas de suínos que estão preferencialmente na fase aguda da doença, para aumentar as chances de detecção viral. As melhores opções para o diagnóstico de influenza A em suínos vivos são RT-PCR e isolamento viral de amostras de swab nasal ou fluido oral. Pulmão para análise por RT-PCR, isolamento viral ou IHQ é a amostra de escolha em suínos mortos. Testes sorológicos têm valor diagnóstico limitado e são utilizados apenas para determinar o estado imune do rebanho, não indicando doença clínica, pois os Acs são detectados 7-10 dias pós-infecção (fase subaguda. O diagnóstico de influenza é importante para avaliar o envolvimento

  5. Análise SWOT global da exploração dos suínos da raça Bísara

    OpenAIRE

    Carvalho, Marieta

    2015-01-01

    A procura mundial de produtos de origem animal aumentará cerca de 70% em 2050. Estima-se que mil milhões de pobres dependam dos animais para a sua alimentação e criação de riqueza (FAO, 2014). A raça Bísara, são suínos autóctones portugueses do tronco Celta em risco de extinção. Apesar do seu reduzido efetivo representa para as populações locais um elevado peso económico e social. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, fazer uma caracterização atual da suinicultura, com base nos suínos da ra...

  6. What moves the European carbon market? Insights from conditional jump models

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gronwald, Marc; Ketterer, Janina [Munich Univ. (Germany). Ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research

    2012-04-15

    This paper is concerned with carbon price volatility and the underlying causes of large price movements in the European emissions trading market. Based on the application of a combined jump-GARCH model the behavior of EUA prices is characterized. The jump- GARCH model explains the unsteady carbon price movement well and, moreover, shows that between 40 and 60 percent of the carbon price variance are triggered by jumps. Information regarding EUA supply and news from international carbon markets are identified as important drivers of these price spikes. These results can lead regulators the way if smoother carbon prices are desired.

  7. [Prevalence of dyslipidemia in middle-aged adults with NOS3 gene polymorphism and low cardiorespiratory fitness].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malagrino, Pamella A; Sponton, Carlos H G; Esposti, Rodrigo D; Franco-Penteado, Carla F; Fernandes, Romulo A; Bezerra, Marcos André C; Albuquerque, Dulcinéia M; Rodovalho, Cynara M; Bacci, Maurício; Zanesco, Angelina

    2013-02-01

    To evaluate the influence of the interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) polymorphisms at positions -786T>C, Glu298Asp and intron 4b/a, and cardiorespiratory fitness on plasma nitrite/nitrate levels, blood pressure, lipid profile, and prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders. Ninety-two volunteers were genotyped for NOS3 polymorphisms at positions (-786T>C and Glu298Asp) and (intron 4b/a) and divided according to the genotype: non-polymorphic (NP) and polymorphic (P). After that, they were subdivided according to the cardiorespiratory fitness associated with genotype: high (HNP and HP) and low (LNP and LP). The subjects with polymorphism for the interactions at positions Glu298Asp + intron 4b/a, and Glu298Asp+-786T>C showed the highest values in total cholesterol, as well as dyslipidemia. Our findings show that NOS3 gene polymorphisms at positions -786T>C, Glu298Asp, and intron 4b/a exert negative effects on the lipid profile compared with those who do not carry polymorphisms.

  8. [Effects of electroacupuncture on hippocampal nNOS expression in rats of post-traumatic stress disorder model].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hou, Liang-Qin; Liu, Song; Xiong, Ke-Ren

    2013-07-01

    To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and an electroacupuncture group. The single prolonged stress (SPS) method was used to set up the PTSD models in latter two groups. After SPS Stimulation, EA group was treated with 2Hz electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) and Zusanli (ST 36) for 30 min, once a day for a week. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immuno-histochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of nNOS in the hippocampus of rats in the each group. (1) The nNOS mRNA expression in hippocampus in model group was higher than that in normal group (P electroacupuncture treatment, its expression in EA group was lower significantly than that in model group (P Electroacupuncture play a down-regulation effects in the hippocampal nNOS expression, which may be one mechanism of electroacupuncture for treatment of PTSD.

  9. Algumas considerações sobre a chamada propaganda subliminar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Roberto Withaker Penteado

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available O autor faz uma revisão das origens da expressão "propaganda subliminar" e do seu percurso histórico a partir dos eventos de 1957, nos EUA, que deram notoriedade ao assunto. Em seguida, a partir de considerações teóricas sobre as formas pelas quais se processa a comunicação publicitária, procura demonstrar que carecem de fundamento as afirmações de que tais ações possam atingir os seus objetivos fora dos limites de percepção dos receptores. Palavras-chaves: propaganda, percepção, psicologia, percepção. ABSTRACT The author reviews the origins ofthe expression "subliminal advertising" and its development after the 1957 events - in the USA - which gave the subject its present notoriety. This is followed by theoretical considerations about the process of advertising communication, which aim at demonstrating as baseless the claims that such actions may take place below the human threshold of perception. Keywords: advertising, perception, psychology, communication.

  10. BARREIRAS DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS AS EXPORTAÇÕES DO SUCO DE LARANJA BRASILEIRO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Carvalho da Rosa

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Atualmente, Brasil e Estados Unidos são os principais mercados produtores e consumidores de suco de laranja, respectivamente. Entretanto, as restrições impostas às importações de suco de laranja pelos Estados Unidos acabam prejudicando as exportações do Brasil. Nesse sentido, este trabalho apresenta as barreiras dos EUA frente às exportações de suco de laranja brasileiro, bem como, o modelo de equilíbrio parcial de Laird e Yeats (1986 utilizado para mensurar os efeitos de uma desgravação tarifária total sobre as importações norte americanas deste produto. Utilizando os dados coletados e a metodologia proposta, verifica-se, com base nos resultados encontrados, a competitividade brasileira frente ao mercado protecionista norte americano. Se não houvessem barreiras comerciais os Estados Unidos substituiriam grande parte da produção doméstica de suco de laranja pelo produto importado do Brasil, sem prejuízo a eficiência produtiva oriunda das trocas de comércio.

  11. Nan Goldin: da Fotografia do Cotidiano à Visibilidade Drag Queen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vivian Castro de Miranda

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a biografia da fotógrafa americana Nan Goldin, a partir do recorte de sua produção datada entre as décadas de 1970 e 1990, em que ela fotografou a comunidade drag queen. A partir do cruzamento de informações vigentes em documentário (Série, 2004 e fontes relevantes (Guggenheim Museum, EUA; The Guardian, UK a quem a fotógrafa concedeu entrevistas ou foi notícia, procura-se explorar nesse texto a importância de uma produção que se insere no âmbito de questões caras ao contexto contemporâneo, que é a temática de gênero. Com a perspectiva teórica adotada, baseada principalmente nos apontamentos de Barthes (1984, é possível compreender o corpus analisado como resultante de um olhar sensível para o aspecto humano, com impacto para a discussão e aceitação do grupo social.

  12. A Combination of 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Benzimidazole-Quinolinone Derivatives as iNOS Inhibitors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peixun Liu

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS has been involved in a variety of diseases, and thus it is interesting to discover and optimize new iNOS inhibitors. In previous studies, a series of benzimidazole-quinolinone derivatives with high inhibitory activity against human iNOS were discovered. In this work, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD simulation approaches were applied to investigate the functionalities of active molecular interaction between these active ligands and iNOS. A QSAR model with R2 of 0.9356, Q2 of 0.8373 and Pearson-R value of 0.9406 was constructed, which presents a good predictive ability in both internal and external validation. Furthermore, a combined analysis incorporating the obtained model and the MD results indicates: (1 compounds with the proper-size hydrophobic substituents at position 3 in ring-C (R3 substituent, hydrophilic substituents near the X6 of ring-D and hydrophilic or H-bond acceptor groups at position 2 in ring-B show enhanced biological activities; (2 Met368, Trp366, Gly365, Tyr367, Phe363, Pro344, Gln257, Val346, Asn364, Met349, Thr370, Glu371 and Tyr485 are key amino acids in the active pocket, and activities of iNOS inhibitors are consistent with their capability to alter the position of these important residues, especially Glu371 and Thr370. The results provide a set of useful guidelines for the rational design of novel iNOS inhibitors.

  13. O preço de mercado na formação do custo gerencial de produtos industrializados na indústria frigorífica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erves Ducati

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar como um frigorífico de suínos pode gerencialmente compor os custos dos produtos industrializados, sem a utilização dos custos conjuntos distribuídos pela metodologia conhecida e evidenciar mais claramente a formação do preço de venda de seus produtos industrializados. Assim, destaca-se a importância das agroindústr;as no mundo globalizado, onde o Brasil desponta como grande produtor mundial ao lado dos EUA, Canadá, Alemanha e outros com uma produção de 34 milhões de suínos por ano. Aborda-se, em seguida, os conceitos básicos para entendimento deste trabalho, onde se apresenta os conceitos de agroindústria e dos custos conjuntos e as diversas formas de alocá-los aos produtos, além de críticas aos diversos métodos. Posteriormente, trata-se dos custos conjuntos e dos produtos fabricados na agroindústria em estudo, enfatizando-se os produtos "in natura", os industrializados e as implicações pertinentes na apuração dos custos de cada um deles. Finalmente, apresenta-se uma simulação de como seria o preço de custo de um produto industrializado aplicando-se não os custos de produção, mas sim o preço de mercado como sendo o custo inicial.

  14. Arctigenin promotes apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via the iNOS/NO/STAT3/survivin signalling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Ke; Li, Li-an; Meng, Yuan-guang; You, Yan-qin; Fu, Xiao-yu; Song, Lei

    2014-12-01

    Arctigenin is a biologically active lignan extracted from the seeds of Arctium lappa and shows anticancer activity against a variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of arctigenin on ovarian cancer cell proliferation and survival and associated molecular mechanisms. Human ovarian cancer OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells were treated with arctigenin, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. Western blot analysis was used to examine signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and survivin and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The involvement of STAT3/survivin/iNOS/NO signalling in arctigenin action was checked. Arctigenin treatment resulted in a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Arctigenin-treated cells showed a 4-6 times increase in the percentage of apoptosis, compared with control cells. Pre-treatment with Ac-DEVD-CHO, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, counteracted the induction of apoptosis by arctigenin. Arctigenin treatment significantly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and survivin and iNOS expression. Arctigenin-induced apoptosis was impaired by pre-transfection with survivin-expressing plasmid or addition of chemical nitric oxide (NO) donors. Additionally, exogenous NO prevented the suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation and survivin expression by arctigenin. Arctigenin treatment inhibits the proliferation and induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Suppression of iNOS/NO/STAT3/survivin signalling is causally linked to the anticancer activity of arctigenin. Therefore, arctigenin may be applicable to anticancer therapy for ovarian cancer. © 2014 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society).

  15. Intoxicação aguda com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis (Leg. Papilionoideae em suínos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.G. Ubiali

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Relata-se necrose hepatocelular em suínos após consumo de ração que continha grãos de sorgo-granífero (Sorghum bicolor acidentalmente contaminado com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis. Morreram 76 suínos em quatro propriedades no município de Juscimeira, MT. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se 24-48 horas após o consumo da ração contaminada e foram caracterizados por depressão, letargia, apatia, inapetência, vômito, mucosas ictéricas ou pálidas, ascite, decúbito esternal, decúbito lateral com movimentos de pedalagem e convulsões, a evolução clínica foi de 48-60 horas seguida de morte. As Principais alterações macroscópicas foram fígado aumentado de tamanho com evidenciação do padrão lobular, ascite e hidrotórax com líquido de coloração amarelo avermelhado contendo filamentos com aspecto de fibrina, linfonodos aumentados e edema pulmonar interlobular. A doença foi reproduzida utilizando-se 16 suínos divididos em seis grupos que receberam sementes de C. spectabilis em diferentes doses. Necrose hepatocelular ocorreu em sete suínos, sendo dois que receberam doses diárias 2,5g/kg e cinco que receberam doses únicas de 5,0 e 9,5g/kg. Dez doses diárias de 0,5 e 1,25g/kg causaram fibrose hepática.

  16. Aspectos claves relacionados con la gestión del e.Learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Lupiáñez Villanueva

    Full Text Available La introducción y uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, especialmente Internet, en el ámbito de la salud, la medicina y los sistemas sanitarios enfrenta a todos los agentes e instituciones ante numerosos retos. La educación y la formación, como actividades claves tanto de la sociedad de la información como de los sistemas sanitarios, también se ven afectadas por este proceso de cambio. La finalidad de este artículo es identificar y analizar algunos de los aspectos claves relacionados con la introducción de las TIC e Internet en el ámbito de la educación médica continuada desde el punto de vista organizacional. Esta visión nos permite combinar factores pedagógicos, tecnológicos y organizativos. Todos ellos necesarios a la hora de abordar las complejas interacciones que se producen en la implantación de un proyecto de e.Learning.

  17. Aspectos claves relacionados con la gestión del e.Learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Lupiáñez Villanueva

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available La introducción y uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, especialmente Internet, en el ámbito de la salud, la medicina y los sistemas sanitarios enfrenta a todos los agentes e instituciones ante numerosos retos. La educación y la formación, como actividades claves tanto de la sociedad de la información como de los sistemas sanitarios, también se ven afectadas por este proceso de cambio. La finalidad de este artículo es identificar y analizar algunos de los aspectos claves relacionados con la introducción de las TIC e Internet en el ámbito de la educación médica continuada desde el punto de vista organizacional. Esta visión nos permite combinar factores pedagógicos, tecnológicos y organizativos. Todos ellos necesarios a la hora de abordar las complejas interacciones que se producen en la implantación de un proyecto de e.Learning.

  18. Ação formativa e o desafio para a graduação em saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sílvia Maria Nóbrega-Therrien

    Full Text Available Objetivamos identificar e caracterizar nos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPPs dos cursos da área de saúde da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (Uece as estratégias usadas para estruturar o currículo relacionando e integrando ensino e pesquisa. Serviram como fonte de consulta os PPPs dos cursos e as legislações nacionais para o ensino superior. São ao todo 16 disciplinas de Metodologia da Pesqui sa: 5 em Enfermagem, 4 em Ciências Biológicas e Educação Física; 2 em Nutrição; 1 em Medicina. Apenas o curso de Educação Física apresenta continuidade de oferta das disciplinas durante a gradu ação. Quanto à ementa das disciplinas, observa-se uma lógica de concentração de informações técni cas nas disciplinas introdutórias nos semestres iniciais e nas de aplicação em semestres posteriores. Constatam-se mudanças positivas, como a implantação de disciplinas de monografia, mas somente a exigência do ensino da metodologia científica no currículo da graduação e do trabalho monográfico não é suficiente para incorporar a pesquisa ao ensino. Há necessidade de adequações curriculares e avaliação continuada dos PPPs.

  19. A NOS1 variant implicated in cognitive performance influences evoked neural responses during a high density EEG study of early visual perception.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Donoghue, Therese; Morris, Derek W; Fahey, Ciara; Da Costa, Andreia; Foxe, John J; Hoerold, Doreen; Tropea, Daniela; Gill, Michael; Corvin, Aiden; Donohoe, Gary

    2012-05-01

    The nitric oxide synthasase-1 gene (NOS1) has been implicated in mental disorders including schizophrenia and variation in cognition. The NOS1 variant rs6490121 identified in a genome wide association study of schizophrenia has recently been associated with variation in general intelligence and working memory in both patients and healthy participants. Whether this variant is also associated with variation in early sensory processing remains unclear. We investigated differences in the P1 visual evoked potential in a high density EEG study of 54 healthy participants. Given both NOS1's association with cognition and recent evidence that cognitive performance and P1 response are correlated, we investigated whether NOS1's effect on P1 response was independent of its effects on cognition using CANTAB's spatial working memory (SWM) task. We found that carriers of the previously identified risk "G" allele showed significantly lower P1 responses than non-carriers. We also found that while P1 response and SWM performance were correlated, NOS1 continued to explain a significant proportion of variation in P1 response even when its effects on cognition were accounted for. The schizophrenia implicated NOS1 variants rs6490121 influences visual sensory processing as measured by the P1 response, either as part of the gene's pleiotropic effects on multiple aspects of brain function, or because of a primary influence on sensory processing that mediates the effects already seen in higher cognitive processes. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  20. Investigating inquiry beliefs and nature of science (NOS) conceptions of science teachers as revealed through online learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Atar, Hakan Yavuz

    teachers NOS conceptions. Developing desired understanding of nature of science conceptions and having an adequate experience with inquiry learning is especially important for science teachers because science education literature suggests that the development of teachers' nature of science conceptions is influenced by their experiences with inquiry science (Akerson et. al. 2000) and implementation of science lessons reflect teachers' NOS conceptions (Abd-EL-Khalick & Boujaoude, 1997; Matson & Parsons, 1998; Rosenthal, 1993; Trowbridge, Bybee & Powell, 2000; Turner & Sullenger, 1999). Furthermore, the impediments to successful integration of inquiry based science instruction from teachers' perspective are particularly important, as they are the implementers of inquiry based science education reform. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the teachers' NOS conceptions and their inquiry beliefs and practices in their classrooms and how this relationship impedes or contributes to the implementation of inquiry based science education reform efforts. The participants of this study were in-service teachers who were accepted into the online Masters Program in science education program at a southern university. Three online courses offered in the summer semester of 2005 constituted the research setting of this study: (1) Special Problems in the Teaching of Secondary School Science: Nature of Science & Science Teaching, (2) Curriculum in Science Education, and (3) Colloquium. Multiple data sources were used for data triangulation (Miles & Huberman, 1984; Yin, 1994) in order to understand the relationship between participants' NOS views and their conceptions and beliefs about inquiry-based science teaching. The study revealed that the relationship between the teachers' NOS conceptions and their inquiry beliefs and practices is far from being simple and linear. Data suggests that the teachers' sophistication of NOS conceptions influence their perception of