Logging Concessions Enable Illegal Logging Crisis in the Peruvian Amazon

Science.gov (United States)

Finer, Matt; Jenkins, Clinton N.; Sky, Melissa A. Blue; Pine, Justin

2014-04-01

The Peruvian Amazon is an important arena in global efforts to promote sustainable logging in the tropics. Despite recent efforts to achieve sustainability, such as provisions in the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, illegal logging continues to plague the region. We present evidence that Peru's legal logging concession system is enabling the widespread illegal logging via the regulatory documents designed to ensure sustainable logging. Analyzing official government data, we found that 68.3% of all concessions supervised by authorities were suspected of major violations. Of the 609 total concessions, nearly 30% have been cancelled for violations and we expect this percentage to increase as investigations continue. Moreover, the nature of the violations indicate that the permits associated with legal concessions are used to harvest trees in unauthorized areas, thus threatening all forested areas. Many of the violations pertain to the illegal extraction of CITES-listed timber species outside authorized areas. These findings highlight the need for additional reforms.

Logging concessions enable illegal logging crisis in the Peruvian Amazon.

Science.gov (United States)

Finer, Matt; Jenkins, Clinton N; Sky, Melissa A Blue; Pine, Justin

2014-04-17

The Peruvian Amazon is an important arena in global efforts to promote sustainable logging in the tropics. Despite recent efforts to achieve sustainability, such as provisions in the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, illegal logging continues to plague the region. We present evidence that Peru's legal logging concession system is enabling the widespread illegal logging via the regulatory documents designed to ensure sustainable logging. Analyzing official government data, we found that 68.3% of all concessions supervised by authorities were suspected of major violations. Of the 609 total concessions, nearly 30% have been cancelled for violations and we expect this percentage to increase as investigations continue. Moreover, the nature of the violations indicate that the permits associated with legal concessions are used to harvest trees in unauthorized areas, thus threatening all forested areas. Many of the violations pertain to the illegal extraction of CITES-listed timber species outside authorized areas. These findings highlight the need for additional reforms.

The private initiative in public infrastructure and public utilities concessions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Expósito Vélez

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Given the renewed and growing importance of the initiative of the private sector in developing public infrastructure and public utilities, especially as a consequence of the incentives created by the law, this study intends to address the various aspects of the new legal framework for the formation of concession contracts as a result of a particular initiative or idea and not as a product of the needs defined by the Administration, with a particular emphasis on the requirements for the formation of public works concessions, but without forgetting how the mechanism of private initiative applies to public utilities when they require a concession contract to be provided.

An integrative approach to research of deforestation under concession management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hepner, G.F.; Walker, R.T.

1991-01-01

A methodological approach integrating questionnaire research of tropical foresters with analyses of the actual patterns of concession logging and land use activities portrayed on various types of satellite imagery is discussed. The imagery analysis is necessary to: document the location place and magnitude of forest utilization and change in concession areas; confirm that responses vis-a-vis deforestation in the questionnaire correspond to observable behaviors as evidenced by the actual patterns of logging activities; and document the postharvest land utilization and conversion to other land uses. It is argued that this approach will link the process and pattern of logging activities to reveal the main factors leading to deforestation under the concession system of management. 20 refs

36 CFR 51.39 - What are some examples of outfitter and guide concession contracts?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are some examples of outfitter and guide concession contracts? 51.39 Section 51.39 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL... What are some examples of outfitter and guide concession contracts? Outfitter and guide concession...

Commercial Concession: Issues of Conceptual Apparatus

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Solomonov E. V.

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The article discusses the theoretical issues of correlation of terms used to refer to the agreement of commercial concession, as well as related issues arising from legal practice and theory of civil law

36 CFR 51.80 - How will the Director establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... establish franchise fees for multiple outfitter and guide concession contracts in the same park area? 51.80... CONCESSION CONTRACTS Concession Contract Provisions § 51.80 How will the Director establish franchise fees... resource within a single park area, the Director will establish franchise fees for those concession...

Concession of Brazilian Federal Highways: Orphan Assets Evidence

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Samuel de Rezende Salgado

2017-01-01

Full Text Available One of the uses of public service concession contracts in Brazil is in the road infrastructure sector, existing at the federal level 21 roads’ concession contracts, totaling approximately 10 thousand kilometers, which is 12.6% of the federal road network. Whereas in this type of contract the government does not transfer ownership of the asset, but only access to the concessionaire for the operation of public services, this study aims to determine in which entity (public or private are registered the federal roads, object of the concession contracts. To address the research question, the financial statements of 21 utility companies or controlling group were analyzed, as well the balance sheet of the National Land Transportation Agency (ANTT, all for the year 2014. The study findings show that the Brazilian federal highways are not recorded in public statements or in the financial statements of utility companies, providing evidence that these infrastructure assets meet the definition of orphan assets. Thus, the net worth of the ANTT is not adequately represented in its balance sheet.

The renewal of hydroelectric concessions, an opportunity for France and its territories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thibault, Benjamin

2017-01-01

After having recalled that the legal framework for hydroelectric concessions is based on a law adopted in 1919, the author outlines that the opening to competition has in fact emerged at the beginning of the 2000's under the influence of the European Commission. The author indicates and comments various measures implemented regarding the destiny of concessions reaching their expiration date. In this respect, the recent law related to energy transition and for a green growth created an actual possibility of an opening to competition of these concessions. The author comments the content of this law, and its conditions of application. After having outlined that these evolutions have finally built up a complete framework, the author outlines how this opening to competition for hydroelectric concessions can be an opportunity, for example for the development of a modern governance at the local level, and for a better implementation of energy transition

Best Practices for Tourism Concessions in Protected Areas: A Review of the Field

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taylor Stein

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Despite the importance of protected areas (PAs worldwide to protect biodiversity, reduce poverty and promote sustainable development, throughout the world governments struggle to adequately fund PAs to meet conservation goals. Tourism is seen as a viable financial option for PAs, with tourism concessions through private sector partnerships gaining momentum that allows the overarching goal of preservation and conservation to remain with the state. However, without appropriate planning or best practices in place, tourism concessions can lead to such problems as waste, habitat destruction and the displacement of local people and wildlife. We analyzed tourism concession agreements in government documents from 22 countries to provide an overview of what best practices for tourism concessions are being established and what practices might need to be better incorporated into agreements. The greatest weaknesses of best practices appear to be with concession qualifications, legal, and financial responsibilities, while the strengths included environmental and empowerment/social responsibilities. This initial assessment of contract components will provide a baseline to further develop best practices and assist protected area managers, local communities, and conservation practitioners working with tourism in PAs to ensure that tourism has a positive impact on protected area management.

Fire emissions and regional air quality impacts from fires in oil palm, timber, and logging concessions in Indonesia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marlier, Miriam E; DeFries, Ruth S; Kim, Patrick S; Koplitz, Shannon N; Jacob, Daniel J; Mickley, Loretta J; Myers, Samuel S

2015-01-01

Fires associated with agricultural and plantation development in Indonesia impact ecosystem services and release emissions into the atmosphere that degrade regional air quality and contribute to greenhouse gas concentrations. In this study, we estimate the relative contributions of the oil palm, timber (for wood pulp and paper), and logging industries in Sumatra and Kalimantan to land cover change, fire activity, and regional population exposure to smoke concentrations. Concessions for these three industries cover 21% and 49% of the land area in Sumatra and Kalimantan respectively, with the highest overall area in lowlands on mineral soils instead of more carbon-rich peatlands. In 2012, most remaining forest area was located in logging concessions for both islands, and for all combined concessions, there was higher remaining lowland and peatland forest area in Kalimantan (45% and 46%, respectively) versus Sumatra (20% and 27%, respectively). Emissions from all combined concessions comprised 41% of total fire emissions (within and outside of concession boundaries) in Sumatra and 27% in Kalimantan for the 2006 burning season, which had high fire activity relative to decadal emissions. Most fire emissions were observed in concessions located on peatlands and non-forested lowlands, the latter of which could include concessions that are currently under production, cleared in preparation for production, or abandoned lands. For the 2006 burning season, timber concessions from Sumatra (47% of area and 88% of emissions) and oil palm concessions from Kalimantan (33% of area and 67% of emissions) contributed the most to concession-related fire emissions from each island. Although fire emissions from concessions were higher in Kalimantan, emissions from Sumatra contributed 63% of concession-related smoke concentrations for the population-weighted region because fire sources were located closer to population centers. In order to protect regional public health, our results

Flexibility against efficiency? : an international study on value for money in hospital concessions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Blanken, Anneloes

2008-01-01

Recently, the mechanisms adopted by governments for the provision of hospitals have changed considerably, with the concession arrangement gaining in popularity. A hospital concession concerns an arrangement between public and private organizations for the provision of a hospital, in which the

Regulação de Concessão de Rodovias e o Papel do Estado / Road Concession Regulation and the Role of State

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Laís Kimie Oshiro Caldeira

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose – This paper seeks to establish standards for the assessment of regulation applied to highway concessions to comply with the state’s role as insurer of the public interest. Methodology/approach/design – The methodology consisted of a literature review on the theory of regulation, applying them to the sector of road concessions and performing an evaluation of the form of state intervention and the fulfillment of its objectives. Findings – The result was the identification of standards to be followed by regulation for that allows the qualification of the state’s role in highway concessions in Brazil and the fulfillment of its objectives. Originality/value – This paper analyzes systemically the application of regulation in the road sector that has very specific market characteristics allowing an evaluation of the quality and effectiveness of regulation in meeting the state’s role. The results are useful and innovative for a critical evaluation of the current regulation in Brazil and its evolution, both for scholars in the field, and for specialists working in the regulatory agencies of the transport sector.

Accounting interpretation of concession rights in the Republic of Bulgaria – topical issues  

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rumiana Pozharevska

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The subject of this paper covers the topical problems for the Republic of Bulgaria on the recognition, presentation and disclosure of concession rights and transactions for accounting purposes. The issues identified by the authors have a regulatory, theoretical character and concern their practical application. The aspects studied within this paper are: recognition of concession rights as intangible assets and their positioning in the total amount of assets of concessionaire enterprises; requirement and readiness for disclosure of information relating to concession agreements. The authors seek to suggest solutions in the specified directions.

Assessment concessions for learners with impairments

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Erna Kinsey

Vol 25(3)185–189. Assessment ... We focus on the use of different types of assessment concessions as a basis for the development of .... to facilitate the development of meaning. .... changing the vocabulary in the test to make them more accessible to learners. .... For learners who are not able to produce recognizable words.

The Concessive Conjunct However

OpenAIRE

Sonoda, Kenji

2003-01-01

But is a conjunction, and it cannot be placed except at the beginning of a sentence. But however, the concessive conjunct similar in meaning to but, is an adverb, and it can be placed anywhere: at the beginning, in the midst, or at the end, of a sentence. Although the placement of however largely depends upon contrast or emphasis, it would not be so troublesome for non-native speakers of English to place it at the beginning, or at the end, of a sentence. The most difficult part for them will ...

Characteristic of student’s false concessive failure on fractions concept

Science.gov (United States)

Kurniawan, H.; Sutawidjaja, A.; As’ari, A. R.; Muksar, M.

2018-03-01

False concessive failure of students is students construction failure in achieving goals, where the process is false, the results obtained is true. This failure occurs because the schemes are not connected to each other, so it cannot form a new scheme. This research is a qualitative research that aim to describe the characteristics of students' false concessive failure on fractional concepts. This fractional concept is a fraction of the same part of the whole. To be able to solve the concept of this fraction, students must possess the concept of partition, the concept of addition and the concept of multiplication of the fraction.

The Language of the Internet – The Use of Concessive Conjunctions in Blogs by Companies Providing Private Tuition

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Jindřiška Kraťkova

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Concessions are said to be a key aspect of English semantics because concessive constructions create a place for contrast, i.e. contradicting relations. Several studies have been carried out on this topic (i.e. on the positioning of conjunctions, linguistic interference, etc.. The aim of this paper is to focus on the frequency of use of the most common concessive conjunctions in Internet discussions with native speakers who give private tuition. The focus is primarily on the main, most commonly used concessive conjunctions in tutoring blogs.

The administrative review of concession agreements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fatmira Hajdari

2014-01-01

The practice of concessionary agreements in Albania is only in its early steps of development. Furthermore, the legislation that provides for the concession agreements has suffered changes to reflect the international legislation. All of which have led to the case law encountering various issues, which we have only humbly tried to reflect in this paper, while also providing our opinion with regard to addressing them.

36 CFR 51.25 - Are there any other circumstances in which the Director may award a concession contract without...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... circumstances. The Director must publish a notice of his intention to award a concession contract to a specified... circumstances in which the Director may award a concession contract without public solicitation? 51.25 Section... in which the Director may award a concession contract without public solicitation? Notwithstanding...

Investment Analysis of Offshore Concessions in The Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.T.J. Smit (Han)

1997-01-01

textabstractDescribes the valuation of a complex capital project, the staged development of an oil field concession in the Netherlands. Stages of offshore petroleum development on the Dutch continental shelf; Asset valuation based on replication in financial markets; Major insights and conclusions.

Construindo leis: os construtores e as concessões de serviços Building laws: the constructors and public service concessions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wagner Pralon Mancuso

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Elementos da teoria da ação coletiva formulada por Mancur Olson - os conceitos de carona e de exploração do grande pelo pequeno - ajudam a explicar o comportamento das entidades que representam os interesses da indústria da construção durante a elaboração da legislação sobre concessões de serviços públicos no Brasil. O artigo contribui para o estudo da articulação de interesses do empresariado durante o processo de produção legislativa de nível federal.Mancur Olson’s theory of collective action - especially his concepts of free-riding and exploitation of the great by the small - helps explain how Brazilian constructors’ organizations behaved while the federal legislation on concession of public services was being made. This article contributes to the study of the articulation of business interests during federal law-making processes.

36 CFR 51.81 - May the Director include “special account” provisions in concession contracts?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... concessioner in its operations. Repair and maintenance reserve funds may not be expended to construct real... provisions may not be included in concession contracts in lieu of a franchise fee, and funds from the... concessioner by the Director for use in its operations. (c) A concession contract must require the concessioner...

Federal Cartel Office interferes with the issuing of concessions for electricity and gas supply; Bundeskartellamt greift Strom- und Gaskonzessionsvergaben an

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jasper, Ute; Biemann, Jens [Heuking Kuehn Lueer Wojtek, Duesseldorf (Germany)

2012-03-08

Direct awarding of electricity or gas concessions to utility-owned companies or communal subsidiaries without competition is not permissible, according to current rulings of the BKartA. The BKartA assumes misuse of the market-dominating position of a community if it violates the specifications of Sect. 46 EnWG for the issuing of concessions. The trend towards recommunalisation is stopped at least in those cases where both an electricity concession and a gas concession are to be transferred simultaneously to a new community-owned utility.

Pricing Mining Concessions Based on Combined Multinomial Pricing Model

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Chang Xiao

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A combined multinomial pricing model is proposed for pricing mining concession in which the annualized volatility of the price of mineral products follows a multinomial distribution. First, a combined multinomial pricing model is proposed which consists of binomial pricing models calculated according to different volatility values. Second, a method is provided to calculate the annualized volatility and the distribution. Third, the value of convenience yields is calculated based on the relationship between the futures price and the spot price. The notion of convenience yields is used to adjust our model as well. Based on an empirical study of a Chinese copper mine concession, we verify that our model is easy to use and better than the model with constant volatility when considering the changing annualized volatility of the price of the mineral product.

36 CFR 51.78 - Will a concession contract require a franchise fee and will the franchise fee be subject to...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... require a franchise fee and will the franchise fee be subject to adjustment? 51.78 Section 51.78 Parks... Concession Contract Provisions § 51.78 Will a concession contract require a franchise fee and will the franchise fee be subject to adjustment? (a) Concession contracts will provide for payment to the government...

77 FR 9698 - Notice of Extension of Concession Contracts

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-17

...-03 Dudley Food and Gulf Islands Beverage, Inc.. National Seashore. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service Notice of Extension of Concession Contracts AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Public notice. SUMMARY: The National Park Service hereby...

36 CFR 51.48 - What happens to a right of preference in the event of termination of a concession contract for...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... in the event of termination of a concession contract for unsatisfactory performance or other breach... terminated a concession contract for less than satisfactory performance or other breach will not limit the... preference in the event of termination of a concession contract for unsatisfactory performance or other...

Controversial Aspects of the Subject of a Commercial Concession

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Temnikova N. A.

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The article deals with topical issues arising in the process of negotiation and performance of a commercial concession. The authors investigate law enforcement experience, norms of international law, theoretical studies regarding the ways of resolving the contradictions that arise

The Language of the Internet – The Use of Concessive Conjunctions in Blogs by Companies Providing Private Tuition

OpenAIRE

Jindřiška Kraťkova

2017-01-01

Concessions are said to be a key aspect of English semantics because concessive constructions create a place for contrast, i.e. contradicting relations. Several studies have been carried out on this topic (i.e. on the positioning of conjunctions, linguistic interference, etc.). The aim of this paper is to focus on the frequency of use of the most common concessive conjunctions in Internet discussions with native speakers who give private tuition. The focus is primarily on the main, most commo...

76 FR 2706 - Notice of Extension of Concession Contracts

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-14

... Florida, Inc. GUIS001-03 Dudley Food and Gulf Islands National Seashore. Beverage. JODR002-90... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE [NPS-WASO-CONC-0111-6327; 2410-OYC] Notice of Extension of Concession Contracts AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Public notice. DATES...

75 FR 52013 - Notice of Extension of Concession Contract

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-24

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service Notice of Extension of Concession Contract AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Public notice. DATES: Effective Date: January 1, 2013. FOR FURTHER... contract for a period of two years through December 31, 2014. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The listed...

Public bus service and the concession contract in Andalusia. Effect of transmission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez Portales, S.; Maeso Gonzalez, E.

2016-07-01

The Andalusian sector of regular public passenger transport of general use, has beentraditionally characterized by being configured by a wide variety of operators of small andmedium-scale, where the concession contracts were the only and main economic activity.Over time, new trends have appeared on the market that have led to the evolution of thesector to other models. On the one hand, transformation of the business owner tocorporations, and secondly the penetration of large multinational companies which haveentered the sector through the acquisition and, on many occasions, absorbing existingconcession companies.This paper analyzes the changes experienced in the concession contracts related to theirchange of ownership and its impact on the current structure industry. The analysis showsan overview of the regular public transport system travelers utility road in Andalusia.The results are interesting for the planning and design of new concession contracts,extension approach of the current contracts and general optimization of the system forpromotion of a sustainable transport, which satisfies needs of users, respecting the rule offree market.In short, this paper aims to provide a deeper knowledge of the sector, from the point ofview of the operating companies that intergrates it, showing the evolution in existingbusiness structures. (Author)

The Danish Experience with Transferable Fishing Concessions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Højrup, Thomas

2012-01-01

The task of the concise chapter is to describe the Danish experiences with a basic regulation based upon the principle of Transferable Fisheries Concessions, TFC - at the backgruund of the introduction of Transfreable Quotas in 2003 (pelagic fisheries) and 2007 (demersal fisheries). To do this th...... dependent upon the struggles on the financial markets, replacing sustainable fishing methods with heavy buttom trawling and undermining the future of young people in the fishing industry....

Profitability estimations in considering applications for concession in the energy sector; Loennsomhetsvurderinger ved konsesjonsbehandling i energisektoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berg, M [Oslo Univ. (Norway). Sosialoekonomisk Inst.; Soevik, Y

1995-09-01

In Norway, most power development projects are subject to the 1917 law on the regulation of watercourses and its revision of 1992. This report discusses certain aspects of concession granting conditions laid down in this law. Part I describes some variants of the profitability concept and discusses the project owner`s incentives: He may feel encouraged to influence assessments of the damage and inconvenience his project might inflict on private and public interests because for him large compensations are connected with low project value. If there is doubt about a project`s worthiness of concession and its value for the owner is positive, then the owner may overstate the value and the positive external effects of the project and understate the negative ones. And vice versa for a project of negative value. Part II discusses some of the principle characteristics of today`s concession practice: quantification of costs in a power development project, estimation of production value, quantification of discount rate. Part III deals with possible linkage between concession granting authorities and various participants in a development project from the point of view of political science. 14 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

77 FR 12876 - Proposed Information Collection; Proposed Sale of Concession Operations

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-02

... intangible assets such as the concession contract, right of preference in renewal, user days, or low fees... indirectly to such assets, the transaction may not be approved. The amount and type of information to be...

76 FR 35909 - Temporary Concession Contract for Blue Ridge Parkway

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-20

... accommodations, food and beverage, retail sales, boat rentals, and other services at Crabtree Falls, Price Lake... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service [NPS-WASO-CONC-0511-7182; 2410-OYC] Temporary Concession Contract for Blue Ridge Parkway AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice of...

Conceptual model for concessioning in the Water Supply and Sanitation sector in Bulgaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Todor Raychev

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to create a new conceptual model for sustainable development of the water sector in Bulgaria on the basis of concessions by statistical regions according to the NUTS-2 classification of the European Union. The essence of the proposed model includes an approach for consolidating the existing 66 WSS operators in three WSS operators – concessionaires. The approach is applied to provide WSS services for drinking and household needs of the population. WSS services for the sectors – Industry, Services, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries remain outside the scope of the study. The proposed model is based on statistical analyses of the effectiveness of the WSS operators working by statistical regions and the state of the technical infrastructure they use. Such concessioning by combining one region from the North and South Bulgaria should help to overcome the existing disproportions in the social and economical development and its harmonization in the regions of Northern and Southern Bulgaria. Its implementation should create new opportunities for introducing foreign direct investment which will contribute to the sustainable development of the water sector in the country. The practical significance of the proposed model for overall concessioning of the WSS sector is for Bulgaria as well as for other countries with low and middle incomes. The model is a part of a comprehensive study of a scientific project, according to the Ordinance No.9 of the Ministry of Education and Science of 08.08.2013, with No.NPI-130/2014, on the topic: „The concession as a factor for development of the Water Supply and Sanitation sector in the Republic of Bulgaria“.

ACCOUNTING ON THE PARTICULARITIES THAT CONCESSION AGRICULTURAL UNITS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BOCHIS LEONICA

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Agriculture represents the branch of the material production which deals with growing crops and raising animals in order to obtain farm produce and some raw materials, as well asthe totality of works and methods used for this purpose. Agriculture has specific traits mainly induced by the traits of its results. Thereupon, what sets apart agriculture from other sectors of the economy is the volume, structure and concretization of the resources in the process of their consumption. The essential cause of these differences is the fact that land is the main production factor and that, compared to the development level of the production forces and the natural and biological factors, it behaves in a specific manner.Definitions and characteristics of agricultural activities are given also in The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS , respectively IAS 41, “Agriculture”. Hence, according to IAS 41 “Agriculture”, agricultural activity is defined as the management of the biological transformation of biological assets (living plants and animals into agricultural produce (harvested product of the entity's biological assets. The received concessions represent an important characteristic of these units and, as a particular case concerning such concessions, we will tackle the issue of terrains pertaining to the assets sold by the Romsilva National Forests Administration.

Legal protection in the course and after the completion of procedures for awarding concessions in the energy management and water management; Rechtsschutz im Laufe und nach Beendigung des Konzessionsvergabeverfahrens in der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Byok, Jan [Kanzlei Dr. Jan Byok, Duesseldorf (Germany); Dierkes, Mathias [Gelsenwasser AG, Recklinghausen (Germany)

2012-07-15

Water management concessions as well as energy management concessions are classified as service concessions or are treated in accordance to the principles of service concessions. The concessions are excluded from the regime of European procurement law and German antitrust law. Companies with an interest in a concession to be awarded are not situation without rights. Companies can review certain decisions judicially in connection with the awarding of concessions. The procedural question raises which legal process can be pursued in order to achieve an effective legal protection by the relevant interested party.

Franchising of infrastructure concessions in Chile: A Policy Report

OpenAIRE

Eduardo Engel; Ronald Fischer; Alexander Galetovic

2000-01-01

This report describes and evaluates the present state of the Chilean infrastructure concessions program. This program is leading to a complete upgrade of Chile's highway system and has been recently extended to seaports. The main principles underlying the economics of franchising are examined and used to evaluate the programof privatizations of highways and seaports. Compared with experiences in other countries, theresults are fairly good. The infrastructure deficit has been greatly reduced, ...

Reductions in emissions from deforestation from Indonesia’s moratorium on new oil palm, timber, and logging concessions

Science.gov (United States)

Busch, Jonah; Ferretti-Gallon, Kalifi; Engelmann, Jens; Wright, Max; Austin, Kemen G.; Stolle, Fred; Turubanova, Svetlana; Potapov, Peter V.; Margono, Belinda; Hansen, Matthew C.; Baccini, Alessandro

2015-01-01

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, Indonesia instituted a nationwide moratorium on new license areas (“concessions”) for oil palm plantations, timber plantations, and logging activity on primary forests and peat lands after May 2011. Here we indirectly evaluate the effectiveness of this policy using annual nationwide data on deforestation, concession licenses, and potential agricultural revenue from the decade preceding the moratorium. We estimate that on average granting a concession for oil palm, timber, or logging in Indonesia increased site-level deforestation rates by 17–127%, 44–129%, or 3.1–11.1%, respectively, above what would have occurred otherwise. We further estimate that if Indonesia’s moratorium had been in place from 2000 to 2010, then nationwide emissions from deforestation over that decade would have been 241–615 MtCO2e (2.8–7.2%) lower without leakage, or 213–545 MtCO2e (2.5–6.4%) lower with leakage. As a benchmark, an equivalent reduction in emissions could have been achieved using a carbon price-based instrument at a carbon price of $3.30–7.50/tCO2e (mandatory) or $12.95–19.45/tCO2e (voluntary). For Indonesia to have achieved its target of reducing emissions by 26%, the geographic scope of the moratorium would have had to expand beyond new concessions (15.0% of emissions from deforestation and peat degradation) to also include existing concessions (21.1% of emissions) and address deforestation outside of concessions and protected areas (58.7% of emissions). Place-based policies, such as moratoria, may be best thought of as bridge strategies that can be implemented rapidly while the institutions necessary to enable carbon price-based instruments are developed. PMID:25605880

Tackling the Crisis through Concession Bargaining: Five Company Cases from Germany

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zagelmeyer, S.J.

2013-01-01

Purpose – This paper aims to present an analysis of the nature and drivers of company‐level concession bargaining during the financial crisis 2008‐10 in Germany. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on five company case studies. Data collection methods include document analysis and

Inland Ports in the Republic of Croatia: Approvals for Port Activities instead of Concessions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Goran Vojković

2008-11-01

Full Text Available According to the 1998 Act on Inland Ports, the right to performall port activities within inland ports of the Republic ofCroatia is given on the basis of concession, obtained throughbidding. It has been noticed in practice that modem businessprocesses and traffic flows are more dynamic than before whenclassic concession relations were created. Also, types andamounts of cargo are changing every couple of years, which isfollowed by quick adjustments, instead of working according torigid and long-term defined decisions and concession contracts.Furthermore, the practice has shown for some activitiesthat the number of port providers (such as ship suppliers,port-agency and freight forwarders should not be limited. Thismeans that the system of a limited number of port providers isimportant only for the activities that require location within aport, as the port area is physically limited. Therefore, the newAct on Navigation and Inland Ports from 2007, whose framehas been completed by sub-law acts during 2008, has replacedthe complex concession system for performing activities in inlandports by a more liberal approval system. On the basis ofthese, higher dynamics of work of port providers is enabled aswell as easier adjustment to market conditions. Furthermore,the main limitation factor that determines the number of portusers becomes the available physical space within a port, whichprovides undisturbed competition, along with larger offer ofport services that do not require that space. It is also importantto point out that the new Act specifically includes distributionand cargo logistics, also processing and improvement of goodsas well as industrial activities including production that enablecomplete economic utilization of port capacities into the existingport activities, thus significantly changing the role of the portitself as a logistic centre.

Title 16 united states code §55 and its implications for management of concession facilities in Yosemite National Park

Science.gov (United States)

Lemons, John

1987-08-01

Yosemite National Park is one of the nation's most scenic and ecologically/geologically important parks. Unfortunately, the park is subject to extensive development of concession facilities and associated high levels of visitor use. Those concerned with preservation of the park's resources have attempted to limit the types and extent of such facilities to reduce adverse impacts. Strictly speaking, resolution of the preservation versus use controversy must be based on whether the National Park Service is adhering to its legislative mandate to regulate development and use in the parks. The common interpretation of legislative mandates for national parks, including Yosemite, is that they call for a difficult balancing between the conflicting goals of preservation and use. Accordingly, although concession developments cause significant impacts, they usually have been interpreted to be within the legal discretion allowed the secretary of the interior. However, the usual interpretations of the meanings of legislative mandates for Yosemite National Park have not considered Title 16 United States Code §55, which is a very restrictive statute limiting concession facilities. Many of the limitations imposed on concession facilities by the plain language of the statute have been exceeded. If it can be shown that 16 United States Code §55 is a valid statute, the policy implications for park management in Yosemite National Park would be considerable — namely, that significant reductions in concession facilities could be required. This article examines whether the statute can reasonably be thought to be valid and encourages others to conduct further examination of this question.

A concession system for public forests in "Mata Atlantica" Dominium, Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Jorge Paladino Corrêa de Lima; Josh McDaniel

2002-01-01

Political and administrative limitations are real factors for a Management System for National Forest in Brazil, but some actions needs to be achieve. The concession system is economically feasible to create and manage National Forest in Atlantic area for sustainable timber production under actual wood world market condition. Brazil National Forest needs to be...

78 FR 27941 - Advertising and Sponsorship in Connection With Concessions Involving Privately Owned Improvements...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-13

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service RIN 0596-AC41 Advertising and Sponsorship in Connection... final directive allows holders of concession permits to advertise (1) inside buildings and other... final directive [[Page 27942

The population ecology of despotism. Concessions and migration between central and peripheral habitats.

Science.gov (United States)

Bell, Adrian Viliami; Winterhalder, Bruce

2014-03-01

Since despotism is a common evolutionary development in human history, we seek to understand the conditions under which it can originate, persist, and affect population trajectories. We describe a general system of population ecology equations representing the Ideal Free and Despotic Distributions for one and two habitats, one of which contains a despotic class that controls the distribution of resources. Using analytical and numerical solutions we derive the optimal concession strategy by despots with and without subordinate migration to an alternative habitat. We show that low concessions exponentially increase the time it takes for the despotic habitat to fill, and we discuss the trade-offs despots and subordinates confront at various levels of exploitation. Contrary to previous hypotheses, higher levels of despotism do not necessarily cause faster migration to alternative habitats. We further show how, during colonization, divergent population trajectories may arise if despotic systems experience Allee-type economies of scale.

The concession contracts assignment: general issues and controversies; A cessao de direitos e obrigacoes no contrado de concessao: aspectos gerais e questoes controversas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosa, Renata Gualberto Cordeiro [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Considering the activities of exploration and production of oil and natural gas and the concession regimen applicable to them in Brazil, the assignment of rights and obligations of the concession contract is analyzed from the points of view of the Petroleum Law and the contract itself. This paper intend to address the legal aspects that support the general legal authorization and the rules of the concession contract, as well as the role of ANP in the approval of the transfer and in the development of technical rules, regarding its function as a regulatory agency. Two controversial issues, the transfer with retroactive effects and the transfer of part of the concession area, are analyzed in light of the general features of the transfer of rights and obligations. Finally, the 'cessao de fato' and its consequences will be considered for the study of assignment of rights with retroactive effects and the operations of sole risk.. (author)

Logging Concessions Enable Illegal Logging Crisis in the Peruvian Amazon

OpenAIRE

Finer, Matt; Jenkins, Clinton N.; Sky, Melissa A. Blue; Pine, Justin

2014-01-01

The Peruvian Amazon is an important arena in global efforts to promote sustainable logging in the tropics. Despite recent efforts to achieve sustainability, such as provisions in the US?Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, illegal logging continues to plague the region. We present evidence that Peru's legal logging concession system is enabling the widespread illegal logging via the regulatory documents designed to ensure sustainable logging. Analyzing official government data, we found that 68.3%...

Conservation Beyond Park Boundaries: The Impact of Buffer Zones on Deforestation and Mining Concessions in the Peruvian Amazon

Science.gov (United States)

Weisse, Mikaela J.; Naughton-Treves, Lisa C.

2016-08-01

Many researchers have tested whether protected areas save tropical forest, but generally focus on parks and reserves, management units that have internationally recognized standing and clear objectives. Buffer zones have received considerably less attention because of their ambiguous rules and often informal status. Although buffer zones are frequently dismissed as ineffective, they warrant attention given the need for landscape-level approaches to conservation and their prevalence around the world—in Peru, buffer zones cover >10 % of the country. This study examines the effectiveness of buffer zones in the Peruvian Amazon to (a) prevent deforestation and (b) limit the extent of mining concessions. We employ covariate matching to determine the impact of 13 buffer zones on deforestation and mining concessions from 2007 to 2012. Despite variation between sites, these 13 buffer zones have prevented ~320 km2 of forest loss within their borders during the study period and ~1739 km2 of mining concessions, an outcome associated with the special approval process for granting formal concessions in these areas. However, a closer look at the buffer zone around the Tambopata National Reserve reveals the difficulties of controlling illegal and informal activities. According to interviews with NGO employees, government officials, and community leaders, enforcement of conservation is limited by uncertain institutional responsibilities, inadequate budgets, and corruption, although formal and community-based efforts to block illicit mining are on the rise. Landscape-level conservation not only requires clear legal protocol for addressing large-scale, formal extractive activities, but there must also be strategies and coordination to combat illegal activities.

Conservation Beyond Park Boundaries: The Impact of Buffer Zones on Deforestation and Mining Concessions in the Peruvian Amazon.

Science.gov (United States)

Weisse, Mikaela J; Naughton-Treves, Lisa C

2016-08-01

Many researchers have tested whether protected areas save tropical forest, but generally focus on parks and reserves, management units that have internationally recognized standing and clear objectives. Buffer zones have received considerably less attention because of their ambiguous rules and often informal status. Although buffer zones are frequently dismissed as ineffective, they warrant attention given the need for landscape-level approaches to conservation and their prevalence around the world-in Peru, buffer zones cover >10 % of the country. This study examines the effectiveness of buffer zones in the Peruvian Amazon to (a) prevent deforestation and (b) limit the extent of mining concessions. We employ covariate matching to determine the impact of 13 buffer zones on deforestation and mining concessions from 2007 to 2012. Despite variation between sites, these 13 buffer zones have prevented ~320 km(2) of forest loss within their borders during the study period and ~1739 km(2) of mining concessions, an outcome associated with the special approval process for granting formal concessions in these areas. However, a closer look at the buffer zone around the Tambopata National Reserve reveals the difficulties of controlling illegal and informal activities. According to interviews with NGO employees, government officials, and community leaders, enforcement of conservation is limited by uncertain institutional responsibilities, inadequate budgets, and corruption, although formal and community-based efforts to block illicit mining are on the rise. Landscape-level conservation not only requires clear legal protocol for addressing large-scale, formal extractive activities, but there must also be strategies and coordination to combat illegal activities.

Large-Scale Land Concessions, Migration, and Land Use: The Paradox of Industrial Estates in the Red River Delta of Vietnam and Rubber Plantations of Northeast Cambodia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jefferson Fox

2018-06-01

Full Text Available This study investigated the implications of large-scale land concessions in the Red River Delta, Vietnam, and Northeast Cambodia with regard to urban and agricultural frontiers, agrarian transitions, migration, and places from which the migrant workers originated. Field interviews conducted near large-scale land concessions for industrial estates in the Red River Delta and rubber plantations in Northeast Cambodia suggest that these radically different concessions are paradoxically leading to similar reconfigurations of livelihoods, labor patterns, and landscapes despite basic differences in these forms of land use. Both the Red River Delta and Northeast Cambodia are frontier environments undergoing extensive agrarian change with migration to work in the large-scale land concessions leading to a shortage of farm labor that anticipates changes in farming practices and farm livelihoods. These population movements will lead to further land-use changes as governments invest in the infrastructure and services needed to support increased population density in the receiving areas. In addition, labor migrations associated with these investments affect land-use practices both at the site of the concession and the places from where the migrants originate.

Performance analysis of Brazilian highways under concession through the capacity and level of service

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silveira Santos, T.; Martins Ribeiro, P.C.

2016-07-01

This paper proposes the development of a methodology to analyze the performance of highways under concession through the capacity and level of service, with special attention to Brazilian highways. The trajectory of transport infrastructure provision in Brazil and its performance assessment framework are mentioned, as well as an approach of the level of service concept and the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). An inventory of the highway with the necessary data to the model is proposed. This database should incorporate information from multiple data sources and its use will be important for the processing and compilation of raw data in order to structure a full informational basis. Then, it is developed a method for segmentation of homogeneous road sections, as conceptualized by HCM, and proposed a way of level of service measurement. Finally, there are analysis of the use of HCM in some highways concession programs in Brazil. (Author)

76 FR 20008 - Notice of Temporary Concession Contract for Assateague Island National Seashore, MD

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-11

... pre-packaged food and beverage. This action is necessary to avoid interruption of visitor services... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service [NPS-WASO-CONC-0111-6544; 2410-OYC] Notice of Temporary Concession Contract for Assateague Island National Seashore, MD AGENCY: National Park Service...

[Public health infrastructure investment difficulties in Chile: concessions and public tenders].

Science.gov (United States)

Goyenechea, Matías

2016-05-12

This paper seeks to highlight the problems of gaps in health infrastructure in Chile, and to analyze the mechanisms by which it is provided. In Chile this is done in two ways: the first is through competitive bidding or sector-wide modality. The second way is through hospital concessions. Both mechanisms have had difficulties in recent years, which are reported. Finally, we propose ways to improve the provision of health infrastructure in Chile.

Trends on port concession disclosures in concessionaire financial statements in Bulgaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Galina Sabcheva

2018-05-01

Full Text Available This article is focused on the port concession disclosure of concessionaire financial statements in Bulgaria. The research is based on disclosure index development. The empirical study is based on publicly available information from annual financial statements. The results testify a higher level of disclosure to IFRS adoption entities than the domestic standards entities. There is a need to raise and specify the disclosure requirements for domestic standards applying companies.

Regime jurídico especial e as novas perspectivas das concessões de serviços públicos

OpenAIRE

Araujo, Rayan

2013-01-01

A Concessão de Serviços Públicos é um importante instituto dentro do vasto Direito Administrativo. Tem como principal função possibilitar o desenvolvimento de determinadas áreas, nas quais a Administração Pública não deve atuar, seja por impossibilidade, seja por ser mais benéfico à própria prestação do serviço. Dentro desse vasto ramo, um importante ponto a ser salientado são as diferenças entre essa figura e os demais contratos do Direito Administrativo. A Concessão apresenta uma série de a...

77 FR 1723 - Proposed Concession Contract for Shenandoah National Park-Alternative Formula for Calculating...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-11

... we include in concession contracts a franchise fee payable to the Government that is based upon... establish the required minimum franchise fee for the new contract, that fee will reflect speculative... concessioner offers to meet or exceed the minimum franchise fee that we would establish under the standard LSI...

75 FR 5115 - Temporary Concession Contract for Lake Mead National Recreation Area, AZ/NV

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-01

... National Recreation Area, AZ/NV AGENCY: National Park Service, Department of the Interior. ACTION: Notice of intention to award temporary concession contract for Lake Mead National Recreation Area. SUMMARY: Pursuant to 36 CFR 51.24, public notice is hereby given that the National Park Service intends to award a...

The competitive concession assignment according to paragraph 46 EnWG. Procedure without rules and arbitrators; Die wettbewerbliche Vergabe von Konzessionen nach paragraph 46 EnWG. Verfahren ohne Regeln und Schiedsrichter?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schau, Goetz-Friedrich [Niedersaechsisches Ministerium fuer Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Verkehr, Hannover (Germany). Landeskartellbehoerde

2011-01-15

Presently, the concession assignment regarding to paragraph 46 EnWG (Energy Economy Law) has a great practical significance. For the first time, the concession assignment proceeds in the background of the liberalized and regulated electricity and natural gas markets. The half-hearted legal obligation to the competition of concession as well as the so far dormant supervisory authorities result in a substantial juridical insecurity in the process at the expense of the competitor.

75 FR 54179 - National Park Service Concession Contracts; Implementation of Alternative Valuation Formula for...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-03

... reflects in part the requirement of the 1998 Act that NPS include in concession contracts a franchise fee... consequence, if the NPS were to establish the required minimum franchise fee for the new contract under the... a prospective concessioner offers to meet or exceed the minimum franchise fee established by NPS...

Mechanism design of reverse auction on concession period and generalized quality for PPP projects

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Xianjia WANG; Shiwei WU

2017-01-01

Reverse auctions of PPP projects usually require the bid to specify several characteristics of quality and the concession period to be fulfilled.This paper sets up a summary function of generalized quality,which contributes to reducing the dimensions of information.Thus,the multidimensional reverse auction model of a PPP project can be replaced by a two-dimensional direct mechanism based on the concession period and the generalized quality.Based on the theory of the revelation principle,the feasibility conditions,equilibrium solution and generalized quality requirements of such a mechanism,considering the influence of a variable investment structure are described.Moreover,two feasible multidimensional reverse auctions for implementing such a direct mechanism:Adjusting the scoring function and establishing a special reverse auction rule are built.The analysis shows that in these types of reverse auctions,optimal allocation can be achieved,the social benefit under the incomplete information will be maximized,and the private sector with the highest integrated management level wins the bid.In such a direct mechanism,the investment and financial pressure of the public sector can be reduced.

Problemas de estimação de custo de capital de empresas concessionárias no Brasil: uma aplicação à regulamentação de concessões rodoviárias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Zoratto Sanvicente

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, discute-se a fixação de taxas de retorno de concessões no Brasil, com aplicação específica ao caso da metodologia da Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (ANTT. Mostra-se a inadequação da regulamentação vigente, baseada no conceito de taxa interna de retorno (TIR, e não de custo de oportunidade do capital. A partir de um exemplo com dados referentes ao auge da crise financeira internacional (dezembro de 2008, evidencia-se também a falta de lógica decorrente da utilização de retornos e preços passados na estimação de taxas de retorno, um procedimento comum a toda a área de concessões de serviços públicos no Brasil. Propõe-se uma metodologia alternativa cujos resultados são sensíveis às condições correntes de mercado de capitais, que produz resultados coerentes com a situação então vigente.

高速公路BOT项目特许权期决策研究%Decision-Making on the Concession Term for Highway BOT Project

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

刘广平; 赵文忠; 陈立文

2015-01-01

How to scientifically determine the concession period is one of the focus problems for the project companies and government departments. In this paper,taking into account the average annual minimum expected return of the project company and the retained earning of the government department,compares two variables of the concession term(Tc)and the time point of traffic saturation(Tb),constructs the decision-making models of concession term for highway BOT project in two conditions of Tc≥Tb and Tcconcession term through comparing with assumptions. Lastly,introduces an example to validate the effectiveness of the decision-making model of concession term.%科学地确定高速公路BOT项目特许权期，是项目公司和政府部门关注的焦点之一。在兼顾项目公司年均最低期望收益和政府部门保留收益的前提下，比较特许权期（Tc）与交通量饱和时对应的时点（T b），构建Tc≥Tb和Tc＜Tb两种情况下的高速公路BOT项目的特许权期决策模型。通过计算比较以获得项目的收费期和最优特许权期。最后以算例验证决策模型的科学性和有效性。

Oil concession agreements and the evolution of the oil industry in the UAE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rizvi, S.N.A.

1993-01-01

A historical and analytical development of the oil industry in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is presented in this paper. Oil concession agreements are identified and examined in three distinct groups: old agreements, new agreements and participation agreements. Oil discoveries and production in other Emirates are also described. The gradual acquisition of control over these industries by their respective governments is a key feature of the paper. (UK)

76 FR 35909 - Temporary Concession Contract for Big South Fork National Recreation Area, TN/KY

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-20

... Recreation Area, TN/KY. SUMMARY: Pursuant to 36 CFR 51.24, public notice is hereby given that the National... Concession Contract for Big South Fork National Recreation Area, TN/KY AGENCY: National Park Service... services within Big South Fork National Recreation Area, Tennessee and Kentucky, for a term not to exceed 3...

Forms of international movement of capital with special emphasis on the PPP and concessions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Šovran Sanja

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The state has always cooperated with the private sector in order to implement various activities in the best interest of public. The first models of public-private partnerships (PPP appeared at the time of the Roman Empire in the context of public works in construction of public baths, markets and ports. Contemporary international movement of capital is a phenomenon that has existed for over a century. When discussing the PPP in modern day terms, the expansion of private involvement in the public sector starts in the 1970s and the 1980s of the previous century, in public infrastructure projects and in most developed economies. The primary purpose of these arrangements is to reduce expenditures in state budgets, but also to achieve faster and better execution of work, reduce risk and efficiently manage the projects. This paper will briefly present the evolution of PPPs and concessions, with an emphasis on understanding money and capital throughout the evolution of PPP, contemporary forms of movement of capital, as well as equity in terms of globalization. The subject of this paper are also examples of the important PPPs and concessions from the construction of the Suez Canal until today.

Concession Policy and Practice at the Russian Far East in 1920-1940s: Trade-Offs and Results

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yudina Taisiya V.

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Modern political leverage from western countries to Russia allows researchers to use domestic historical experience of 1920-1940s. International isolation of Soviet Russia induced the search of different ways out, including making concessionary agreements with foreign entrepreneurs. Since 1921 concessionary agreements were made between Soviet Russia/USSR and Germany, England, USA, Japan, Norway, Poland, Austria, Italy, France, Persia, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Holland, Sweden, Estonia, Lithuania, Turkey, China and Mongolia. Soviet economy began attracting private foreign capital. At the end of the 1920s Soviet government set a course to liquidate private property. Share of concessionary enterprises in the national economy decreased. But despite the absence of any new concessionary agreements since 1929, concessionary affairs in USSR lasted till mid-1940 and only with Japan because of its deep political meaning. The author analyzes Japan concessions’ activity, such as “Kita Karafuto Koogio Kabusiki Kaisha” and “Kita Karafuto Sekio Kabusiki Kaisha” in 1930-1940s (pre- and World War II period, workers’ socio-economic conditions, relations between Japanese concessioners and Soviet authorities. Permanent infringements of concessionary agreements by Japan concessioners including concessions workers’ food and goods supply, price making, Soviet workers’ housing provision and dismissal, meeting safety requirements were registered. However, neither Japan concessioners dissolve their enterprises nor Soviet authorities annulled concessionary agreements. The author concludes that originally in 1925 granting concessions to Japan businessmen in USSR was among the conditions of Japan government diplomatic recognition of USSR. Further Japan concessions in USSR were deterrent factor from Japan military invasion to the Russian Far East.

36 CFR 51.24 - May the Director award a temporary concession contract without a public solicitation?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... visitor services. Further, the Director must publish notice in the Federal Register of the proposed... infeasible. The Director must publish a notice of his intention to award a temporary concession contract to a... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May the Director award a...

77 FR 54924 - Temporary Concession Contract for the Operation of Lodging, Food and Beverage and Retail Services...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-06

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service [NPS-WASO-CONC-10876; 2410-OYC] Temporary Concession Contract for the Operation of Lodging, Food and Beverage and Retail Services in Canyon de Chelly... services include lodging, food and beverage and retail. DATES: January 1, 2013. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

Resistance and Contingent Contestations to Large-Scale Land Concessions in Southern Laos and Northeastern Cambodia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ian G. Baird

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Over the last decade, there have been considerable concerns raised regarding the social and environmental impacts of large-scale land concessions for plantation development in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics, including in Laos and Cambodia. However, there is still much to learn about the various connections and interactions associated with reactions to what are often referred to as “land grabs”, and the ways they are associated or not associated with broader social movements and networks opposed to land grabbing. There is also the need to develop language for discussing these circumstances, something I aim to contribute to in this article. Here, I present four different cases of types of resistance, or what I refer to as contingent contestations, to land concessions in southern Laos and northeastern Cambodia (two from each country, focusing on the perspectives and associated strategies of smallholder farmers, but without ignoring broader issues. I consider the roles of locals in these contestations, through emphasizing the importance of histories, identities/ethnicities, politics, and geography in determining the types of responses to these land deals that emerge, and the strategies that are adopted for contesting these developments.

Conceptual model for concessioning in the Water Supply and Sanitation sector in Bulgaria

OpenAIRE

Todor Raychev

2018-01-01

The purpose of this article is to create a new conceptual model for sustainable development of the water sector in Bulgaria on the basis of concessions by statistical regions according to the NUTS-2 classification of the European Union. The essence of the proposed model includes an approach for consolidating the existing 66 WSS operators in three WSS operators – concessionaires. The approach is applied to provide WSS services for drinking and household needs of the population. WSS services fo...

Concession renewal of Kembs' hydroelectric head on the Rhine river

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baron, P.; Defoug, H.; Petit, D.

2000-07-01

In order to evaluate the different impacts of the concession renewal of Kembs' water head on the Rhine river, all aspects have been considered and are reported in this document: international aspects, influence of the dam on navigation and floods, hydrology of Alsace plain, ecological, energetic and economical aspects, leisure and safety aspects. Several questions have to be put forward which concern the transfrontier relations, the water rights, the problem of derivations, of Rhine river maintenance, the turbine and water depth warranty problems, the flow rate and the restoration of the Rhine island. All these questions must be tackled by the impact study. The implementation of a local procedure follow up made of a permanent technical working group and of a management committee is recommended. (J.S.)

49 CFR 23.47 - What is the base for a recipient's goal for concessions other than car rentals?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Transportation PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Goals, Good Faith... rental operations. (c) The dollar amount of a management contract or subcontract with a non-ACDBE and the gross receipts of business activities to which a management or subcontract with a non-ACDBE pertains are...

Milkfish (Chanos chanos Fry Concession System in Bolinao, Pangasinan: Implications to Coastal Resources Management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Severino Salmo III

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The ecological and socioeconomic implications of the concession system on milkfish (Chanos chanos Forssk. fry in Bolinao, Pangasinan were evaluated from 1996 to 1999. Monitoring of landed catch from 1996 to 1998 showed that the seasonal trend and annual volume of catch varied widely during the three-year period. The fry season in 1996 and 1997 lasted seven months, starting from the second week of April to the second week of October. However, during the 1998 season, fry were available for eight months starting in the second week of March and ending in November. The peak period also varied considerably during the three-year period. In 1996, peak abundance of fry was observed in the last week of July while in 1997 and 1998, the peak was during the second week of May. The volume of total catch for the entire season also varied widely, from as low as ~400,000 fry (1997 to as high as 2,400,000 fry (1996. The concessionaire “postor” has the sole right to buy all fry caught within the municipal waters. Thus, s/he dictates the buying price. Moreover, the existing concession system has no mechanism to regulate harvest of milkfish fry gathering. This arrangement allows the concessionaire to enjoy huge economic benefits while the fry gatherers only get a minimal share in the income. To promote sustainable and equitable harvest of milkfish fry, a new access arrangement through a permit system was proposed by the fry gatherers. The proposed permit system will promote a sustainable harvest of milkfish fry through the implementation of a closed period during the fry season. Compared to the present concession system, the permit system is believed to be more equitable because of the abolition of the 1/3 cut levied by the concessionaire on the landed catch. The permit system also facilitates a mechanism that provides for transparency on the selling/buying price. More importantly, fry gatherers will have the opportunity to sell to buyers offering a relatively

The influence of economic incentives linked to road safety indicators on accidents: the case of toll concessions in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Rangel, Thais; Vassallo, José Manuel; Herraiz, Israel

2013-10-01

The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether the incentives incorporated in toll highway concession contracts in order to encourage private operators to adopt measures to reduce accidents are actually effective at improving safety. To this end, we implemented negative binomial regression models using information about highway characteristics and accident data from toll highway concessions in Spain from 2007 to 2009. Our results show that even though road safety is highly influenced by variables that are not managed by the contractor, such as the annual average daily traffic (AADT), the percentage of heavy vehicles on the highway, number of lanes, number of intersections and average speed; the implementation of these incentives has a positive influence on the reduction of accidents and injuries. Consequently, this measure seems to be an effective way of improving safety performance in road networks. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Monitoring urban transformation in the old foreign concessions of Shanghai from 1987 to 2012

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lefebvre, A; Corpetti, T; Courty, N

2014-01-01

This paper is concerned with morphological change analysis in the old foreign concessions of Shanghai from 1969 to 2010. To that end, we use a series of 17 Landsat TM and Landsat ETM + images on which we estimate some feature parameters. The analysis of the resulting time series enables to isolate changes from traditional constructions to new buildings or gardens. Our results show that 70% of the old urban pattern was converted in modern high-rise buildings and green spaces

Concession renewal of Kembs' hydroelectric head on the Rhine river; Renouvellement de la concession de la chute hydro-electrique de Kembs sur le Rhin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baron, P.; Defoug, H.; Petit, D

2000-07-15

In order to evaluate the different impacts of the concession renewal of Kembs' water head on the Rhine river, all aspects have been considered and are reported in this document: international aspects, influence of the dam on navigation and floods, hydrology of Alsace plain, ecological, energetic and economical aspects, leisure and safety aspects. Several questions have to be put forward which concern the transfrontier relations, the water rights, the problem of derivations, of Rhine river maintenance, the turbine and water depth warranty problems, the flow rate and the restoration of the Rhine island. All these questions must be tackled by the impact study. The implementation of a local procedure follow up made of a permanent technical working group and of a management committee is recommended. (J.S.)

Desalinization, legislative evolution of the concession processes. Colombia as case of study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Lastra-Mier

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Colombia is a country that has an abundant offer of hydric resources. However, this offer is conditioned to the climatic characteristics of the territory and diverse ocean-atmospheric phenomenon (El Niño / La Niña. This disparity of conditions comports excess periods or scarcity periods of water. In this case, alternatives are necessaries for supply the needs of the coast zones populations. The desalinisation of marine waters is an alternative for supply a possible hydric deficit, but is necessary to define and explain the concepts and scopes of this process, from his juridical nature, competencies of the governing entity that regulate them and his concessions.

Dry Ports-Seaports Sustainable Logistics Network Optimization: Considering the Environment Constraints and the Concession Cooperation Relationships

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei Hairui

2017-11-01

Full Text Available In China dry ports enter into a rapid development period now, however for many Chinese dry ports, the operation faces difficulties duo to inefficient logistics networks and cooperation relationship between dry ports and seaports. Focusing on the concession cooperation mechanism of seaports and dry ports, and the environmental constraints (carbon emissions and congestion cost, a bi-objective location-allocation MILP model for the sustainable hinterland-dry ports-seaports logistics network optimization is formulated, aiming at the system logistics costs and carbon emissions to be minimized. Moreover, for the cooperation mechanism of seaports to dry ports, a parameter called cooperation cost concession coefficient is proposed for the optimization model, and a new evaluation method based on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA operator is used to evaluate it. Then a location-allocation decision-making framework for the hinterland-dry port-seaport logistics network is proposed. The innovative aspect of the model is that it can proposes a effective and environment friendly dry ports location strategic and also give insights into the connective cooperation relationships, and cargo flows of the network. A case study involving configuration of dry ports in Henan Province is conducted, and the model is successfully applied.

The concession contractual quantity limit agreements in the light of energy law and cartel law; Konzessionsvertragliche Mengengrenzvereinbarungen im Lichte von Energierecht und Kartellrecht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoech, Thomas; Kalwa, Feh [Kanzlei Hoech und Partner, Dortmund (Germany)

2009-12-15

In the year 2009, the Federal Cartel Office (Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany) reached to two decisions on the cartel legal validity of quantity limit agreements in franchise agreements and on their handling with the survey and calculation of concession deliveries. In both cases, the Federal Cartel Office proceeds from an offence against paragraph 19 sect. 1 GWB (law against the restriction of competition) and paragraph 19 sect. 2 GWB. Under this aspect, the authors of the contribution under consideration report on different legal questions. The question arises whether paragraph 19 GWB is applicable to the decided facts at all, or whether the exclusion regulation paragraph 111 sect. 1 of the Energy Economy Law (EnWG) intervenes. The authors describe the right of concession delivery and the two resolutions of the Federal Cartel Office. Afterwards, these resolutions are appreciated regarding to the raised legal questions.

Logging or conservation concession: Exploring conservation and development outcomes in Dzanga-Sangha, Central African Republic

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Marieke Sandker

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The Dzanga-Sangha landscape consists of a national park surrounded by production forest. It is subject to an integrated conservation and development project (ICDP. In collaboration with the ICDP personnel, a participatory model was constructed to explore wildlife conservation and industrial logging scenarios for the landscape. Three management options for the landscape′s production forest were modelled: (I ′predatory logging′, exploitation by a logging company characterised by a lack of long-term plans for staying in the landscape, (II sustainable exploitation by a certified logging company, and (III conservation concession with no commercial timber harvesting. The simulation outcomes indicate the extreme difficulties to achieve progress on either conservation or development scenarios. Both logging scenarios give best outcomes for development of the local population. However, the depletion of bushmeat under the predatory logging scenario negatively impacts the population, especially the BaAka pygmy minority who most strongly depend on hunting for their income. The model suggests that conservation and development outcomes are largely determined by the level of economic activity, both inside and outside the landscape. Large investments in the formal sector in the landscape without any measures for protecting wildlife (Scenario I leads to some species going nearly extinct, while investments in the formal sector including conservation measures (Scenario II gives best outcomes for maintaining wildlife populations. The conservation concession at simulated investment levels does not reduce poverty, defined here in terms of monetary income. Neither does it seem capable of maintaining wildlife populations since the landscape is already filled with settlers lacking economic opportunities as alternatives to poaching.

High-level enterprise and low-level radioactivity: two hazards in developing-country uranium concessions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erickson, D.M.; Gillis, M.

1980-01-01

Multinational uranium-mining activities in developing countries (LDCs) have posed new and important problems for LDCs because of the nature of the extractive enterprises and the nature of the mineral. If the LDCs are to realize their expected financial and growth objectives from uranium exploitation, they will need to exercise as much vigilance in negotiating and monitoring contracts with state-owned multinational enterprises as with privately-owned multinationals. In order for these objectives to be achieved without costly sacrifices in occupational health and the environment, LDC governments will need to develop concession agreements, mining codes, and public-health and labor standards that limit the scope of low-level radioactivity damage. 39 references

The Role of Remote Sensing for Understanding Large-Scale Rubber Concession Expansion in Southern Laos

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Mutlu Özdoğan

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Increasing global demand for natural rubber began in the mid-2000s and led to large-scale expansion of plantations in Laos until rubber latex prices declined greatly beginning in 2011. The expansion of rubber did not, however, occur uniformly across the country. While the north and central Laos experienced mostly local and smallholder plantations, rubber expansion in the south was dominated by transnational companies from Vietnam, China and Thailand through large-scale land concessions, often causing conflicts with local communities. In this study we use satellite remote sensing to identify and map the expansion of large-scale rubber plantations in Champasak Province—the first area in southern Laos to host large-scale rubber development—and document the biophysical impacts on the local landscape, which of course is linked to social impacts on local people. Our study demonstrates that the expansion of rubber in the province was rapid and did not always conform to approved concession area locations. The mono-culture nature of rubber plantations also had the effect of homogenizing the landscape, eclipsing the changes caused by local populations. We argue that by providing a relatively inexpensive way to track the expansion of rubber plantations over space and time, remote sensing has the potential to provide advocates and other civil society groups with data that might otherwise remain limited to the restricted domains of state regulation and private sector reporting. However, we also caution that while remote sensing has the potential to provide strong public evidence about plantation expansion, access to and control of this information ultimately determines its value.

Perceptions, realities, concession-What is driving the integration of European energy policies?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pointvogl, Andreas

2009-01-01

Today's European energy policy is characterised by national approaches portraying it as one of the least successful areas of integration despite its importance for our everyday life. This exploratory study presents a new way in analysing the approaches and processes operative in this area. It introduces a new dimension of policy evaluation, the role of national energy majors, and proposes its utilisation in the increasingly important method of using indexes for energy supply security. By doing so, the relevance of perceptions of energy supply security for energy policy integration is highlighted, pointing at the concessions necessary to overcome the integratory deadlock. The indexes proposed in this paper can provide insights for policy-makers and researchers into the ongoing integration process and the crucial importance energy business plays therein. Finally, the exploratory methodology developed in this essay can be employed in various other policy areas to classify, discover and analyse policy directions.

Pietro Filippo Bernini, son of Gianlorenzo, and the mediation of the courts of Madrid and Paris for the concession of his prebend in Santa Maria Maggiore of Rome

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Margarita de Alfonso Caffarena

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The intervention of queen Maria Teresa of Austria at the court of Madrid resulted in the concession of a prebend to Pietro Filippo Bernini, the eldest son of Gianlorenzo and canon of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.

Marketing de relacionamento e software de CRM: estudo de caso em uma concessionária de automóveis

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Jaqueline Silva

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Devido à complexidade do mercado brasileiro, as organizações, com visão de longo prazo, procuram estabelecer um relacionamento duradouro com seus clientes em busca da fidelização e do aumento das margens de ganho por cliente ao longo do tempo. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os resultados estratégicos da gestão de clientes através do Customer Relationship Management (CRM e do Marketing de Relacionamento na rede de concessionárias Alpha, matriz, na cidade de Novo Hamburgo (RS. Realizou-se um estudo de caso qualitativo na rede de concessionárias Alpha, em Novo Hamburgo, por meio de entrevistas com os gestores da área de CRM, Marketing e Vendas, bem como a análise de documentos e pesquisas disponibilizados pela empresa. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram evidenciar que a utilização de ferramentas e estratégias de Marketing de Relacionamento e CRM permite uma melhor gestão das informações e a elaboração de estratégias para o aumento da satisfação, retenção e fidelização dos clientes, conforme a teoria pressupõe. Para pesquisas futuras, sugere-se o aprofundamento do tema, buscando maior compreensão das percepções e atitudes intrínsecas dos clientes com uma abordagem no âmago qualitativo da fidelização.

Study of Calculation Method on Concession Period of PPP Project in Mixed Financing Mode%混合融资的PPP项目特许期计算方法研究

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

张芳; 马金平; 靳小青

2015-01-01

It is an important measure to lead the private capital to invest on infrastructure construction for the reform of financing structure in fixed assets in China,which makes the financing mode transmit from state single investment to multilateral co-investment. Therefore,it is of great practical significance to explore the problem of calculating the concession period of PPP project in the mixed financing mode. According to the financial management theory,this paper puts forward the calculation method of concession period based on the definition of the concession period,which can determine the concession period for different proportions of contribution and the private gains should be allocated according to the preset proportions. An example is provided to illustrate the application procedure of the method,and verify the reliability and applicability of the proposed method,which provides a reference for determining the concession period in mixed financing mode. This paper also points out the limitation and the future direction of the study.%引导民营资本投入基础设施建设领域是我国改革固定资产投融资结构的一项重要举措，使得我国基础设施建设的融资模式由过去的单一国家投资改为多方共同投资的混合融资模式。因此，探索混合融资模式下的 PPP 项目特许期如何计算的问题具有重要的现实意义。在对特许期的概念进行界定的基础上，根据财务管理理论提出了特许期计算方法。该方法可针对各方的不同投资比例，对在民营期内项目获得的收益，按预设分配比例进行分配的前提下，计算 PPP 项目的特许期。通过对实际案例的分析，说明了计算方法的应用过程，验证了方法的可靠性与适用性，这对于解决混合融资模式下特许期的计算问题具有较大的参考价值。

THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE OIL AND MINING CONCESSION IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

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Cătălina Georgeta DINU

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Concession is the oldest form of cooperation between the state and companies to exploit oil being found in the Middle East since the late nineteenth century. In colonized countries the right of exploitation belonged to the companies of the suzerain states. Invoking national interest, dispute over natural resources has increased in direct proportion to the increasing importance of these resources and inversely proportional to the decrease in quantity. A dull but intense battle at this point characterizes natural resources, especially of oil and mining of precious metals. Therefore, we can say that the power exerted on natural resources determines the ranking of countries of the world economic power and living standards of the population. Use of natural resources as an effective weapon in the economic consolidation became state policy and the expansion of exploration and exploitation in foreign lands required the development of complex regulations. Therefore, this study aims at presenting an analytic perspective of foreign law - specific states with relevant impact on the exploitation of natural resources - and the presentation of some features of international law.

Concessões privadas de saneamento no Brasil: bom negócio para quem? Private provision of water supply and sanitation services in Brazil: whose benefit?

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Marcelo Coutinho Vargas

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O texto procura analisar o papel potencial que a iniciativa privada pode desempenhar atualmente no abastecimento de água e no esgotamento sanitário das cidades brasileiras, podendo tanto contribuir para melhorar a qualidade e expandir a oferta dos serviços, como para aumentar a exclusão dos mais pobres, à luz de três estudos de caso sobre "privatizações" ocorridas neste setor na região sudeste: a concessão dos serviços de água e esgotos de Limeira (SP, Niterói (RJ e cinco cidades fluminenses que integram a área principal da chamada Região dos Lagos a grupos privados nacionais e estrangeiros. Busca-se analisar as conseqüências da privatização sobre a qualidade, o alcance social, os custos e o impacto ambiental destes serviços, enfatizando os arranjos institucionais e os mecanismos de regulação que permitem (ou não aos poderes públicos e à sociedade exercer algum grau de controle sobre o desenvolvimento do setor durante a vigência da concessão. Os estudos de caso, comparados entre si e com experiências internacionais recentes, apresentam resultados ambivalentes, que permitem estabelecer alguns limites e condições para a sustentabilidade social, econômica e ambiental do envolvimento de operadores privados neste setor nos países em desenvolvimento.This paper seeks to analyze the potential role the private sector may play on water and sewerage services (WSS in Brazilian cities, contributing to improve its quality and social reach or rather to increase the exclusion of the urban poor. It focus on three case studies about the "privatization" of this sector in southeastern municipalities in Brazil: the concession of WSS from Limeira, in São Paulo State, from Niterói and five other municipalities belonging to the Lakes Region, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, to domestic and foreign private operators. The case studies try to analyze the consequences of these concessions to the quality, the social reach, the economic and

Consommation de produits d'origine animale dans la concession forestière 039/11 de la SODEFOR à Oshwe (R.D. Congo

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Semeki Ngabinzeke, J.

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Consumption of Products of Animal Origin in the Forest Concession 039/11 of the SODEFOR to Oshwe (D.R. Congo. To identify the main foods of animal origin consumed by people living in the concession 039/11 of the forest Development Company (SODEFOR in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and to specify the determinants of consumption, 120 households in 3 villages (Taketa, Ikala 1 and Mombele and in the base of Nteno were surveyed for 30 days. The results show that bush meat represents 72.00% of the number of meals followed by fish (24.00%, and livestock products finally (3.10%. In total, 30 species of animals including 4 which are legally banned from hunting have been identified, for a total biomass of 1235 kg. Mammals represent 97.00% of animals consumed with a predominance of artiodactyls (71.60%, primates (15.40%, and rodents (9.10%. The duikers, the bushes and the atherure are the most represented. The choice of consumption is guided by the availability of the product, taste, and eating habits. The majority of households are supplied by intermediaries to whom they primarily buy animal parts. This study suggests a long term follow-up of hunting with an assessment of the abundance of animal species to guide the SODEFOR in the decision-making.

The Fundamental Principles Drawn from the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Field of Public Procurement and Concessions

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Catalin-Silviu SARARU

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This article aims to present major guidelines in case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU in the field of public procurement and concessions. Court, with the mission to enforce EU law in the interpretation and uniform application of the Treaties, has contributed to establishing the content of the principles which apply in the award, conclusion, amendment and termination of public procurement contracts and concessions, and in shaping the principles applicable to review against abuses carried out by the contracting entity in the award procedure. This article analyzed the principles of transparency and impartiality in the award of these contracts and described the means by which these goals are achieved in practice: non-discriminatory description of the subject-matter of the contract, equal treatment of operators involved in awarding the contract, mutualrecognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence, the principle of equal treatment of public and private operators, appropriate time-limits in which the undertakings concerned of any Member State are able to prepare their offers. Ensuring the application of EU rules in the field of public contractscan not be achieved without the existence of an effective judicial review based on the principle of effectiveness means legal action and the principle of equivalence. Knowledge the content of theseprinciples is particularly important for a uniform application of EU law on public contracts in all Member States.

Economic valuation of a toll road concession with traffic guarantees and the abandonment option

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Frances Fischberg Blank

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Governments worldwide have been encouraging private participation in transportation infrastructure. To increase the feasibility of a project, public-private partnership (PPP may include guarantees or other support to reduce the risks for private investors. It is necessary to value these opportunities under a real options framework and thereby analyze the project's economic feasibility and risk allocation. However, within this structure, sponsors have an implicit option to abandon the project that should be simultaneously valued. Thus, this article proposes a hypothetical toll road concession in Brazil with a minimum traffic guarantee, a maximum traffic ceiling, and an implicit abandonment option. Different combinations of the minimum and maximum levels are presented, resulting in very high or even negative value added to the net present value (NPV. The abandonment option impacts the level of guarantee to be given. Governments should calibrate an optimal level of guarantees to avoid unnecessarily high costs, protect the returns of the sponsor, and lower the probability of abandonment.

Abusive behaviour of grid operators within concession procedures and grid acquisitions with respect to paragraph paragraph 30, 32 EnWG; Missbraeuchliches Verhalten von Netzbetreibern bei Konzessionierungsverfahren und Netzuebernahmen nach paragraph paragraph 30, 32 EnWG

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becker, Peter [ZNER (Germany); Humboldt-Univ. zu Berlin (Germany). Energierecht; Becker Buettner Held, Berlin (Germany); Templin, Wolf [Kanzlei Boos Hummel und Wegerich, Berlin (Germany)

2013-02-15

The competition for the power distribution systems has inflamed all over in the Federal Republic of Germany due to the fact that concession contracts have a running time of only twenty years and end not later than 31st December, 1994. Those concession contracts will end currently. Thus the old affiliated companies have to fear for their market position. Under this aspect, the authors of the contribution under consideration report on the abusive behaviour of grid operators at licensing procedures and grid acquisitions with respect to paragraph paragraph 30, 32 Energy Economy Law. The authors report on the unilateral monopole consideration of the authorities and court as well as on the abusive behaviour of the old concessionaires from the standpoint of energy law and cartel law.

Reproductive concessions between related and unrelated members promote eusociality in bees.

Science.gov (United States)

Andrade, Aline C R; Miranda, Elder A; Del Lama, Marco A; Nascimento, Fábio S

2016-05-23

Animal societies exhibit remarkable variation in their breeding strategies. Individuals can maximize their fitness by either reproducing or by helping relatives. Social hymenopterans have been key taxa for the study of Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory because the haplodiploid sex-determination system results in asymmetric relatedness among breeders producing conflict over the partitioning of reproduction. In small cooperative groups of insects, totipotent individuals may maximize their inclusive fitness by controlling reproduction despotically rather than helping their relatives. Here, we demonstrate that the dominant females of the primitively eusocial bee Euglossa melanotricha (Apidae: Euglossini) control reproduction, but concede part of the reproductive output with their related and unrelated subordinates. As expected, a dominant female capitalizes on the direct reproduction of related subordinates, according to her interests. We found that reproductive skew was positively correlated with relatedness. The concessions were highly reduced in mother-daughter and sibling nests (relatedness r ± s.d. = 0.54 ± 0.02 and 0.79 ± 0.02, respectively) but much more egalitarian in unrelated associations (r = -0.10 ± 0.01). We concluded that reproductive skew in these primitively eusocial bees is strongly related to the genetic structure of associations, and also that females are able to assess pairwise relatedness, either directly or indirectly, and use this information to mediate social contracts.

Planejamento e Controle Orçamentário em Empresas Concessionárias de Rodovias: Uma Pesquisa Empírica

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Fábio de Azevedo Pereira

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research is to identify the characteristics of budgetary enterprises of the branch road concession in Brazil. This is a descriptive study, conducted among the companies registered with the Brazilian Association of Highway Concessionaire. As a result it was found that 73% of dealers as the main methodology used for activities that the budget is an extension of Activity-based Costing (ABC. This fact is justified, because in this business firms undertake different and complex infrastructure projects and measurement activities is essential for the control of resources and meet the goals established for the development of these works.

Tax effect of the concession agreement, production sharing agreement and service contract; Analise dos efeitos tributarios dos contratos de concessao, partilha de producao e servicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Botelho, Rodrigo Jacobina [Escola de Magistratura do Tribunal de Justica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EMERJ), RJ (Brazil); Instituicao de Ensino Superior no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Escritorio Doria, Jacobina, Rosado e Gondinho Advogados Associados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Area de Direito Tributario

2008-07-01

The different nature of the E and P agreements recommends an analysis of the tax incidence in order to avoid the increasing of costs due to an inaccurate taxation process. The revenue obtained from Services Agreements must be, under the Brazilian legal system, taxed as the revenues obtained from the Concession Agreements, since those revenues are related to the risks supported, the investments and financial exposure, among others elements and not related to a specific public service provided. (author)

Consideration of consumer installation fees upon termination of concession contracts in the gas economy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schumacher, K.S.

1995-01-01

At the Fourth Conference of the Forum Institute on 18 and 19 January 1995 there was a motion to grant the electricity supply an exceptional status in takeover price negotiations in order to do justice to the cost-price coupling prescribed in that sector. This was intended to legitimatise the abandonment of all managerial, market-oriented methods of calculating the actual value of an electricity network. These ideas met with well-founded opposition of the same conference. In the gas economy cost-price coupling is less rigid because here price formation is largely determined by substitution competition with other energy carriers (mineral oil, district heating, electricity). In view of these circumstances the present article deals exclusively with the termination of gas concession contracts. Because of the affinity of Articles 9 and 10 of the General Terms of the Gas Supply to Article 9 and 10 of the General Terms of the Electricity Supply some of the thoughts presented here also apply to the electricity supply. However, the results found here for the gas economy cannot be transferred to the electricity economy without modification. (orig.) [de

“Superficial Water Concessions In Light Of The General Theory of the Administrative Act” The Incidence of the Public Law’s Dogmatic Tradition of Public Law Within Environmental Law

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Andrés Gómez-Rey

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This paper seeks the determine the ways in which anomalous decisions derived from the particularization and constitutionalization of environmental law can arise given the general theory of administrative action. This is seen through the lens of a study and characterization of administrative decisions issued by the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca –CAR- within the superficial water concessions procedure. It also discusses the conceptual contents of these licenses.

Hunting pressure on cracids (Cracidae: Aves in forest concessions in Peru

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Javier Barrio

2011-08-01

Full Text Available The impact of timber exploitation on biodiversity is usually increased by hunting in the exploited area. Proper forest management practices on areas under commercial exploitation minimize hunting and damage to the forest. Large species of Cracidae, the most endangered family of birds in the Neotropics, are among the first to be affected in a Neotropical forest damaged by timber-extraction activities, and where at least moderate hunting occurs. Herein an assessment of cracids is carried out in three areas with selective logging in Peru in 2004 and 2005, is used to evaluate hunting pressure. Tree inventory trails were used as transects, and density was calculated using the line transect methodology. Four species of cracids were evaluated, and density was calculated for three of them. The area with lower hunting pressure, Maderyja, showed higher cracid diversity and was the only with the presence of razor-billed curassows (Mitu tuberosum and blue-throated pining-guans (Pipile cumanensis, two sought-after prey species. Areas where hunting intensity is higher had lower cracid diversity. The density of the M. tuberosum was high in Maderyja: 11.3 ind/km2 (95% CI: 7.4 – 17.3 ind/km2. In contrast, Spix’s guan (Penelope jacquacu did not show a marked difference among areas, unless compared to heavily hunted sites. The higher diversity of cracids and the density found for razor-billed curassows suggests Maderyja had low hunting pressure in the past and is properly managed towards wildlife. Currently, the Peruvian Amazon is being opened for forestry concessions and hydrocarbons exploitation and proper management towards wildlife is necessary to guarantee the conservation of susceptible taxa such as cracids.

A responsabilidade social das empresas considerada nas decisões de concessão de crédito por bancos de desenvolvimento no estado de Santa Catarina

OpenAIRE

Aragão, Sueli Duarte

2000-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Análise de aspectos da responsabilidade social das empresas tomadoras de recursos junto aos bancos de desenvolvimento no Estado de Santa Catarina, que, nas perspectivas da gestão da qualidade total e da gestão ambiental, são considerados nas decisões para a concessão do crédito. Identifica as normatizações existentes na legislação em vigor sobre o Balanço Social e as orientações internas das instituiçõ...

Stimulus to local industries in oil and natural gas exploration and production concessions contracts : the Brazilian experience; Estimulos a industria nacional nos contratos de concessao das atividades de exploracao e producao de petroleo e gas natural no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pedroso, Daniel Cleverson; Moreira, Jose Guilherme de Souza [Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The Oil Law, 1997, established the functions of the Agencia Nacional do Petroleo (ANP) to implement, in its area of competence, the Brazilian national energy politic. The principles of the Brazilian national energy politic include the preservation of national interest, promotion and expansion of the labor market, free competition and the expansion of Brazil's competitiveness in the international market. The ANP started then a series of actions designed to meet, within their sphere of action, the objectives defined by law. These actions include studies to diagnose the capacity and competitiveness of local supplier and inclusion, in the concession contracts, clauses aimed to stimulating the development of local suppliers and ensure equal treatment, by the new dealers, of local suppliers and foreign. From a historical overview, the development of these actions, and the improvements made possible by the management of concession contracts, have reached their goals. The results obtained so far indicate that the actions carried out are a valid and effective tool in stimulating development of local suppliers. (author)

Coyotes, Concessions and Construction Companies: Illegal Water Markets and Legally Constructed Water Scarcity in Central Mexico

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Nadine Reis

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Many regions of (semiarid Mexico, such as the Valley of Toluca, face challenges due to rapid growth and the simultaneous overexploitation of groundwater. The water reform of the 1990s introduced individual water rights concessions granted through the National Water Commission (Comisión Nacional del Agua, or CONAGUA. Since then, acquiring new water rights in officially 'water-scarce' aquifers is only possible through official rights transmissions from users ceding their rights. With the law prohibiting the sale of water rights, a profitable illegal market for these rights has emerged. The key actor in the water rights allocation network is the coyote, functioning as a broker between a people wanting to cede water rights and those needing them, and b the formal and informal spheres of water rights allocation. Actors benefitting from water rights trading include the coyote and his 'working brigades', water users selling surplus rights, and (senior and lower-level staff in the water bureaucracy. The paper concludes that legally constructed water scarcity is key to the reproduction of illegal water rights trading. This has important implications regarding the current push for expanding regularisation of groundwater extraction in Mexico. Currently, regularisation does not counter overexploitation, while possibly leading to a de facto privatisation of groundwater.

Artigos Tecnológicos: Gerenciamento do Ponto de Corte na Concessão do Crédito Direto ao Consumidor

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Hugo Crespi Júnior

2017-03-01

Full Text Available O crédito direto ao consumidor é concedido de forma massificada por meio de modelos informatizados de credit scoring que visam eliminar os maus pagadores, assim evitando prejuízos financeiros decorrentes da inadimplência. No entanto, ao recusarem os maus pagadores, esses modelos, balanceados por critérios meramente financeiros, também recusam um grande número de bons pagadores, o que pode reduzir o potencial de ganhos da empresa varejista. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo mostrar que, incluindo a margem operacional para definir o ponto de corte para concessão de crédito, a rentabilidade da empresa pode melhorar. Foram utilizadas a medida estatística Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC e a abordagem de Stein (2005 para construir simulações em torno de valores reais praticados no mercado, as quais permitiram confirmar que, ao flexibilizar o ponto de corte levando em consideração a margem operacional, o resultado geral da empresa pode ser maximizado.

Pengaruh Pemanenan Hasil Hutan Terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan. Tegakan Tinggal Pada Dua Hak Pengusahaan Hutan (Hph) Di Kalimantan Barat (the Effect of Logging to Residual Stand Damages in Two Forest Concessions in West Kalimantan)

OpenAIRE

Suhartana, Sona

1993-01-01

Disturbed soil and vegetation caused by logging operation is difficult to be avoided, even in good logging operation.Past studies related to this problem. shows that forest concessions in Sumatera and Kalimantan used Indonesia Selective Cutting System (TPTI) as a basic activity in logging operation. However, because of the weakness of goverment control activity, most of the companies were looking for financial benefit only and neglect the sustainability of the forest.The aim of this study ...

Substantial criteria of decision of the communities in the selection of a network operator in energy-related concession agreements; Materiellrechtliche Entscheidungskriterien der Gemeinden bei der Auswahl des Netzbetreibers in energiewirtschaftlichen Konzessionsvertraegen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buedenbender, Ulrich [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Buergerliches Recht, Energiewirtschaft und Arbeitsrecht

2011-07-01

In light of the local roads authority, the communities decide on which partner adopts the operation of the local distribution network for electricity and gas. The question of the selection criteria has been neglected largely. The author of the book under consideration analyzes the relevant issues in energy law and antitrust law including european legal and constitutional issues. Several aspects to be considered in the rightful selection of the concession contract partner are shown. Legal consequences of disregarding the legally prescribed selection criteria are discussed.

Local content in the concession contract: influences and perspectives; Conteudo local no contrato de concessao: influencias e perspectivas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Repsold Junior, Hugo; Freitas, Jucelino L. de; Souza, Renata Barrouin C. [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The Petroleum Industry in Brazil had its scenario altered by Constitutional Amendment number 9, through the 9.478/1997 Law, that constituted the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), which is responsible for elaborating the Finals Tender Protocol and promoting the Bid's to concede the rights of exploration and production, celebrating concession contracts and controlling its execution. Thus, the ANP has promoted five Bid Rounds, since 1999, and is promoting the Round Six, in 2004. In order to accomplish with the federal government policies, ANP has been taking measures to foment the development of National Petroleum Industry through inclusion of Local Content commitment and Preferential Clauses for national suppliers. The objective of this will be, therefore, analyze the historical construction of these Clauses and Commitments as well as its influences about the decision making process in Bids Rounds. We'll discuss Local Content compromises under the possible economic and legal consequences regarding the non-accomplishment. Finally, we intend to consider the perspectives for the next rounds under the Local Content's Clauses and Commitments view, analyzing its influences regarding attractiveness of areas that are to be included in future Bids and the National Petroleum Industry. (author)

An Analysis of the Constitutional Court Ruling on the Annulment of the Provisions on Coastal Water Concessions (HP-3

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M. Riza Damanik

2013-05-01

Full Text Available After the annulment of the Coastal Water Concessions (HP-3 in 16 June 2011, traditional fisher folk organization leaders found a great fighting spirit to further follow-up the Constitutional Court Ruling to support their daily lives. For those who are being “evicted” from their living space (the coastal waters, they want to reclaim their rights through constitutional ways. Likewise, those who (feel to have lost their existence as Indonesian traditional fisher folk are impatient to find out whether there is a breakthrough in the Constitutional Court Ruling that can restore the fisher folk’s family way of life. The ruling itself was complex and not easy to understand: 169 pages, with complex writing systematic and typical legal language. For this reason, the analysis of the Constitutional Court Ruling regarding the Judicial Review on Law No. 27 of 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands was necessary in order to provide a simpler representation of the Constitutional Court Ruling, and one that is expected to trigger a constructive discussion to implement the favorable parts of the decree for the greatest welfare of the people.

Biodiversity Conservation in Southeast Asian Timber Concessions: a Critical Evaluation of Policy Mechanisms and Guidelines

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Rona A. Dennis

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Tropical deforestation is leading to a loss of economically productive timber concessions, as well as areas with important environmental or socio-cultural values. To counteract this threat in Southeast Asia, sustainable forest management (SFM practices are becoming increasingly important. We assess the tools and guidelines that have been developed to promote SFM and the progress that has been made in Southeast Asia toward better logging practices. We specifically focus on practices relevant to biodiversity issues. Various regional or national mechanisms now inform governments and the timber industry about methods to reduce the impact of production forestry on wildlife and the forest environment. However, so many guidelines have been produced that it has become difficult to judge which ones are most relevant. In addition, most guidelines are phrased in general terms and lack specific recommendations targeted to local conditions. These might be reasons for the generally slow adoption of SFM practices in the region, with only a few countries having incorporated the guidelines into national legislation. Malaysia, Indonesia, and Laos are among the frontrunners in this process. Overall there is progress, especially in the application of certification programs, the planning and management of high conservation value forests, the regulation and control of hunting, and silvicultural management. To reduce further forest loss, there is a need to accelerate the implementation of good forest management practices. We recommend specific roles for governments, the forestry industry, and nongovernmental organizations in further promoting the implementation of SFM practices for biodiversity conservation.

The new gas law and the concession of use of pipeline; A nova lei do gas e a concessao para uso de gasoduto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fiad, Patricia S. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil). Faculdade de Direito; Lima, Juliana Cardoso de [Escritorio Doria, Jacobina, Rosado e Gondinho Advogados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The development of the gas industry and the recent energy crises in Latin America demand an adequate answer from the legal framework. There are three main projects in course in Legislative which aim at regulating the gas industry specifically: Law Project n. 226 of 2005, of ex-senator Tourinho; Law Project n. 6.673 of 2006, of Executive; and Law Project n. 6.666 of 2006, of Deputy Luciano Zica. The pipeline is the materialization of the integration among the countries of the continent. The adoption of mechanisms to make feasible the regional integration and to stimulate the private sector, in order to react against the progressive deficit between consumption and exploration of energy, becomes fundamental to the industry. In compliance with the current legislation, the transportation of gas is made through authorization. The discussion focus on the possibility of public tender for concession of the service and how it would stimulate the market. (author)

Birds surveyed in the harvested and unharvested areas of a reduced-impact logged forestry concession, located in the lowland subtropical humid forests of the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

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Felton, A.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available As part of a larger study of reduced-impactlogging effects on bird community composition,we surveyed birds from December to Februaryduring the 2003-2004 wet-season within harvestedand unharvested blocks of the La Chonta forestryconcession, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.The logged forest was harvested using reduced-impactlogging techniques between one and fouryears previously. During point count surveys, weidentified 5062 individual birds, belonging to 155species, and 33 families. We provide a list of birdspecies found within the harvested andunharvested blocks of the concession for thebenefit of other researchers assessing theresponses of Neotropical avifauna to disturbance,and to facilitate increased understanding of thediverse bird assemblages found within thelowland subtropical humid forests of Bolivia.

The impact of the special participation tax at offshore concessions with high production of hydrocarbons; O impacto da participacao especial na decisao de investimento em projetos de concessoes offshore com superproducao de hidrocarbonetos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gandra, Rodrigo Mendes; Poznyakov, Karolina Maria. E-mails: rodrigo_gandra@ig.com.br; karolina@ig.com.br

2004-07-01

The main objective this technical study is to show the economic impact of payment of Special Participation into capex of projects in fields with high production of hydrocarbons. We would like to show how the actual payment of Special Participation can be really hard to the economic viability of projects. Even so, this technical study take an induction, it mays be showed as a representation to retract the real situation in a big companies that which have considerable opportunities for development of concessions with high potential to produce hydrocarbons. We are willing to present a sample of an alternative assessment. (author)

Análise do monitoramento de descargas atmosféricas na área de concessão da companhia força e luz do oeste em Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná = Analysis of the monitoring of atmospheric discharges in the area of cocession of the western força e luz company in Guarapuava, state of Paraná

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Aparecido Ribeiro de Andrade

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivando uma análise do monitoramento da incidência de descargasatmosféricas, a região de concessão da Companhia Força e Luz do Oeste (CFLO, localizada no município de Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná, foi selecionada para um estudo realizado no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2003. Após a descrição da dinâmica da entrada de massas de ar, foi possível identificar a ocorrência de descargas atmosféricas e compará-las com as interrupções de energia. Para tanto, foram criados mapas de densidade de descargas atmosféricas dentro da área de concessão da CFLO para posterior análise de sua influênciano fornecimento de energia elétrica. O monitoramento das descargas atmosféricas e a comparação da incidência desse fenômeno com a ocorrência de interrupções no fornecimento de energia elétrica possibilitaram concluir que tais eventos estão diretamenterelacionados, e que a área rural da região em estudo sofre uma interferência maior.Aiming to analyze the monitoring of the atmospheric discharges incidence, the concession area of Companhia Força e Luz do Oeste (CFLO – Western Power and Light Company, located in the district of Guarapuava, state of Paraná, was chosen for a study developed in2003, from January to December. After the air masses dynamics description, it was possible to identify the occurrence of atmospheric discharges and to compare them to the energy interruptions. To that end, atmospheric discharges density maps were created within the CFLO concession area for a later analysis of their influence in the electric energy supply. The monitoring of the atmospheric discharges and the comparison between this phenomenon and the occurrence of interruptions in the electric energy supply enabled this study. Results showed that such events are directly related, and that the rural area of the region under study underwent a major interference.

Processo de formulação de estratégias competitivas pelo modelo de campos e armas da competição: verificação da aplicabilidade a uma concessionária e da eficácia na geração de estratégias que aumentem sua competitividade

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Valmor Reckziegel

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos do estudo relatado neste artigo foram verificar como aplicar o processo de formulação da estratégia competitiva prescrito pelo modelo de campos e armas da competição (CAC e avaliar sua eficácia, deficiências e dificuldades, por meio de teste realizado numa concessionária de tratores para aeroportos. O CAC é utilizado para formular a estratégia competitiva de negócio, representada pelos campos da competição, e as estratégias operacionais, representadas pelas armas da competição, usando variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas, com o objetivo de aumentar a competitividade empresarial. No estudo, os dados foram levantados por meio de entrevistas junto aos dirigentes da concessionária e, para a avaliação das propostas de estratégias, recorreu-se ao método popperiano dedutivo de prova. Os resultados evidenciaram que o CAC é capaz de gerar estratégias competitivas aderentes à realidade da concessionária, pois todas as estratégias de negócio foram aceitas pelos diretores e apenas 7% das ações estratégicas operacionais sugeridas não foram aceitas. A relevância e a contribuição científica do estudo decorrem da verificação da aplicabilidade do processo prescrito pelo CAC. O estudo proporcionou a aquisição de conhecimento sobre um instrumento alternativo da Teoria da Competitividade e sugere-se aplicar sua metodologia de maneira complementar a modelos consagrados na literatura em estratégia, como o modelo do posicionamento, RBV e do Balanced Scorecard.

Certified and uncertified logging concessions compared in Gabon: changes in stand structure, tree species, and biomass.

Science.gov (United States)

Medjibe, V P; Putz, Francis E; Romero, Claudia

2013-03-01

Forest management certification is assumed to promote sustainable forest management, but there is little field-based evidence to support this claim. To help fill this gap, we compared a Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified with an adjacent uncertified, conventionally logged concession (CL) in Gabon on the basis of logging damage, above-ground biomass (AGB), and tree species diversity and composition. Before logging, we marked, mapped, and measured all trees >10 cm dbh in 20 and twelve 1-ha permanent plots in the FSC and CL areas, respectively. Soil and tree damage due to felling, skidding, and road-related activities was then assessed 2-3 months after the 508 ha FSC study area and the 200 ha CL study area were selectively logged at respective intensities of 5.7 m(3)/ha (0.39 trees/ha) and 11.4 m(3)/ha (0.76 trees/ha). For each tree felled, averages of 9.1 and 20.9 other trees were damaged in the FSC and CL plots, respectively; when expressed as the impacts per timber volume extracted, the values did not differ between the two treatments. Skid trails covered 2.9 % more of the CL surface, but skid trail length per unit timber volume extracted was not greater. Logging roads were wider in the CL than FSC site and disturbed 4.7 % more of the surface. Overall, logging caused declines in AGB of 7.1 and 13.4 % at the FSC and CL sites, respectively. Changes in tree species composition were small but greater for the CL site. Based on these findings and in light of the pseudoreplicated study design with less-than perfect counterfactual, we cautiously conclude that certification yields environmental benefits even after accounting for differences in logging intensities.

Common guideline of the Federal Network Agency and the Federal Cartel Office for the award of electricity and gas concession contracts and for changing concession holders. A correct step towards competition for power and gas distribution grids; Gemeinsamer Leitfaden von Bundeskartellamt und Bundesnetzagentur zur Vergabe von Strom- und Gaskonzessionsvertraegen und zum Wechsel des Konzessionsnehmers. Ein richtiger Schritt in Richtung Wettbewerb um Strom- und Gasverteilnetze

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buettner, Svenja; Templin, Wolf [Kanzlei Becker Buettner Held, Berlin (Germany)

2011-04-15

By means of the guidance of the Federal Network Agency (Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany) and the Federal Cartel Office (Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany) the desired competition for energy supply systems is finally strengthening explicitly. It is a step in the right direction and provides clarification in many ways. The comments on the scope of the claim to relinquishment and also on the economically reasonable compensation can convince to a large extent. However, the authorities lack the courage and the empirical safety such as to clarify absolutely the claim to transfer property from paragraph 46 section 2 sentence 2 Energy Economy Law. With regard to the information demands in the selection process the guideline presents only a minimum number. For any further confusion, ultimately the legislature is called upon to address the contentious issues of the concession contract law.

AIRPORT CONCESSIONS IN BRAZIL AND ITS INFLUENCES ON SERVICE QUALITY: THE CASES OF BRASÍLIA AND SÃO PAULO – GUARULHOS AIRPORTS

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Thiago Allis

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Over the last decade, the Brazilian air market has tripled in size, a result of economic expansion and the spread of the air travel culture, among others. As far as airport infrastructures are concerned, during the mega-events era (2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics, the airport management sector started to receive greater investments from private and foreign companies. After 2012, a large array of improvements took place, in order to meet the demands associated with the mega-events, but also to tackle the increase of domestic air traffic. In this context, this paper aims to identify, describe and analyze the influences of the airport concession in Brazil on the quality of services perceived by the users (passengers. For that, an analysis of the reports of the aviation authorities is carried out. The airports of Guarulhos (São Paulo and Brasília (Federal District, among the first to be privatized, were selected as case studies. From this study, the mobility of global capital associated with airport management deserves to be highlighted, while the expertise of these large companies is expected to contribute to the increase in the quality of services in Brazilian airports - historically managed by public sector.

Carbon Emission Reduction Potential through Sustainable Forest Management in Forest Concession of PT Salaki Summa Sejahtera, Province of West Sumatera

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Iwan Hilwan

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A management unit (MU of a forest concession holder implementing the sustainable forest management (SFM principles, could be involved in reducing Emmission from Reforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+ and carbon trading project. The fact the strategic in implementing the REDD+ and carbon trading in MU level is still lack of pilot project and methodology. Therefore, some scenarios must be developed and tested to find out the best potential of carbon credit in MU level. The objectives of the research were: to calculate carbon credit in some SFM scenarios, to analyze of carbon trading project feasibility, and to determine carbon stock recovery period of logged over area (LOA. The result revealed that carbon stock and carbon credit of LOA was affected by timber cutting intensity.  The 6th scenario with lowest annual allowable cutting (AAC obtained greater carbon credit and profit coming from timber harvesting income and carbon trading. In other hand, this scenario has shortest duration of carbon stock recovery period (27 years and shorter than its cutting cycle.  In this case, the MU has to recalculate and to decrease its AAC to have highest benefits from carbon trading in the same cutting cycle period.  It will provide double benefits from carbon trading, those are contribution in achieving the SFM purposes (production, ecology, social and climate change mitigation.Keywords: sustainable forest management, AAC, carbon stocks, recovery period, carbon trading

Repercussão das doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis na concessão de benefícios pela previdência social Impacts of non-transmissible chronic diseases on social security benefits

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Alda Alice Gomes de Moura

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo busca identificar a repercussão das Doenças Crônicas Não-Transmissíveis (DCNT na concessão de auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez, a partir das agências do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS, no período 2000-2002. Foi analisado o universo dos 17.970 benefícios concedidos, nas duas modalidades, do conjunto das agências localizadas em Recife. Inicialmente, foram identificados os benefícios por todos os grandes grupos de doenças, de acordo com a CID-10. As doenças osteomusculares (DO e as doenças do aparelho circulatório (DAC são as principais causas para concessão de auxílio-doença. Para aposentadoria por invalidez, as DAC, os transtornos mentais (TMC, e as DO são as três primeiras causas. As principais causas específicas de benefícios dentro dos grandes grupos das DCNT, foram identificadas, para a concessão de auxílio-doença, a hipertensão arterial, a diabetes mellitus, as artroses, o câncer da mama e do intestino, os transtornos do humor e a esquizofrenia. Em relação às aposentadorias por invalidez, as doenças cerebrovasculares, a diabetes mellitus, as artroses, o câncer do aparelho digestivo e a esquizofrenia. Dos benefícios concedidos, a maioria foi para homens (66%, entre 39 e 58 anos, e com valor mensal inicial de até três salários mínimos.This paper strives to identify the current impact of Non-Transmissible Chronic Diseases (NTCDs on sickness and disability benefits paid out by Brazil's National Social Security Institute (INSS between 2000 and 2002. A total of 17,970 new cases were studied, registered at the two local agencies in Recife, Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil. Initially the cases were divided up according by major diseases groups, following the CID-10 classification. Osteomuscular diseases (OMDs and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs were among the main reasons for granting sickness benefits. Among the disability benefits, CVDs, mental disorders (MDs, and OMDs

Reconciling forest conservation and logging in Indonesian Borneo.

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David L A Gaveau

Full Text Available Combining protected areas with natural forest timber concessions may sustain larger forest landscapes than is possible via protected areas alone. However, the role of timber concessions in maintaining natural forest remains poorly characterized. An estimated 57% (303,525 km² of Kalimantan's land area (532,100 km² was covered by natural forest in 2000. About 14,212 km² (4.7% had been cleared by 2010. Forests in oil palm concessions had been reduced by 5,600 km² (14.1%, while the figures for timber concessions are 1,336 km² (1.5%, and for protected forests are 1,122 km² (1.2%. These deforestation rates explain little about the relative performance of the different land use categories under equivalent conversion risks due to the confounding effects of location. An estimated 25% of lands allocated for timber harvesting in 2000 had their status changed to industrial plantation concessions in 2010. Based on a sample of 3,391 forest plots (1×1 km; 100 ha, and matching statistical analyses, 2000-2010 deforestation was on average 17.6 ha lower (95% C.I.: -22.3 ha- -12.9 ha in timber concession plots than in oil palm concession plots. When location effects were accounted for, deforestation rates in timber concessions and protected areas were not significantly different (Mean difference: 0.35 ha; 95% C.I.: -0.002 ha-0.7 ha. Natural forest timber concessions in Kalimantan had similar ability as protected areas to maintain forest cover during 2000-2010, provided the former were not reclassified to industrial plantation concessions. Our study indicates the desirability of the Government of Indonesia designating its natural forest timber concessions as protected areas under the IUCN Protected Area Category VI to protect them from reclassification.

BOT Contract through the optics of Albanian legal provisions - Issues of the implementation and transfer framework

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Entela Prifti

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The last years have resulted in an increase of concession contracts in Albania, followed by a revised modern legal framework. Beside the debate on whether the government should perform most of the activities itself instead of giving them to the private sector through a concession contract, the concession contracts are nowadays a reality and as such they should be studied and analysed carefully. The scope of this article is limited to the provisions of the Albanian legislation and its approach to the international provisions regarding BOT (build – operate - transfer concession contract. A detailed analyse will drive to the conclusionas to what extent the Albanian concession legislation does compile with the international accepted principles of Public Private Partnership concerning mainly implementation and transfer phase of a BOT contract. Albanian Public Private Partnershiplegislation has gone through many revisions and amendments during the last twenty years, resulting in a challenging situation for everybody that deals with any aspects of a concession. Having a detailed understanding of the legal provisions is indeed the core element toward a successful implementation process of any concession, resulting in the highest profitability for concession parties, the public entity and the private investor, and consequently culminating to the best interest of the population.

Morbidade subjacente à concessão de benefício por incapacidade temporária para o trabalho

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Boff Bernadete M

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar os agravos à saúde subjacentes à concessão de benefício por incapacidade temporária, na população trabalhadora segurada. MÉTODOS: Foram recuperados do banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS todos os benefícios do tipo auxílio-doença previdenciário (E-31 concedidos no ano de 1998 aos trabalhadores de Porto Alegre, RS. Os Códigos de Classificação Internacional de Doenças atribuídos à condição subjacente à incapacidade no exame pericial inicial (aX1 foram utilizados para descrever as principais causas e os grupos de causas subjacentes à incapacidade. RESULTADOS: Foram concedidos 6.898 benefícios E-31: 1.486 (22% por "causas externas"; 1.181 (17% por "convalescência após cirurgia" (34% por causas gastrointestinais, 26% genitourinárias, 11% osteomusculares e 10% por causas externas; e 4.119 (61% por "condições clínicas" (24,8% por doenças osteomusculares, 18,9% por doenças mentais e 16,2% por doenças cardiovasculares. Comparadas a estudo realizado no Brasil em 1986, as causas externas passaram da quarta para a primeira posição como determinante de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Acidentes e violências, doenças osteomusculares e doenças mentais -- as três primeiras causas de incapacidade identificadas -- estão potencialmente associadas à piora da qualidade de vida e de trabalho registrada no período e merecem atenção prioritária (preventiva e assistencial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS. O estudo demonstra a viabilidade da utilização do banco de dados do INSS para estudos de morbidade.

Regulação deliberativa: em busca do interesse público na regulação de contratos de concessão de longo prazo / Deliberative Regulation: Searching the Public Interest on the Regulation of Long-Term Concession Contracts

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Milton Carvalho Gomes

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose – The purpose of this article is to propose a regulatory model that allows the maintenance of the public interest in situations governed by long-term public contracts, through deliberative democracy tools, and the regulatory agencies have the role of mediation of the deliberative process. Methodology/approach/design – This articles approach is based on the analysis of justifying theories of regulation by the public interest, of theories that refute this possibility (public choice, and of theories that turn to the regulatory design as a way of avoiding the distortion of the purposes of regulation, to assess the possible ways of deliberative regulation of long-term public procurement, as well as the role of agencies in this context. Findings – It was concluded that by means of deliberative procedures, regulation can be constructed to assure the service to the public interest, as well as to maintain it over time, and independent regulatory agencies have the role of mediating the deliberative process between the social actors, public and private, interested. It was also found that deliberative regulation broadens the legitimacy of regulatory acts and reinforces its independence from other spheres of government, with positive results in terms of regulatory governance. Practical implications – The conclusions propose new developments on the regulatory process, form, participants, democratic legitimacy, as well as on the role of independent regulatory Agencies in this process, being able to have immediate application in the modeling of the decision-making process in the regulation of long-term concession contracts. Originality/value – The text is original, as it proposes a new debate in Brazil, about a real difficulty that is the regulation of long-term public contracts and their constant adaptation to the dynamic of variable public interests throughout the time, proposing ways to be followed to solve the issue. Resumo Propósito �

The buyer-supplier interface under just-in-time relationships.

Science.gov (United States)

Newman, R G

1990-08-01

In any contractural relationship, legally and ethically, all parties much benefit. Minor concessions to one party can be significant gains for the other. To establish the win/win environment, it is sometimes necessary to make reasonable concessions that preserve the overall objective of the JIT concept. It is good business sense to make those concessions that are inexpensive and guarantee greater control. The concessions discussed strengthen the buyer-seller relationship and aid in reaching the objectives of JIT.

49 CFR 23.9 - What are the nondiscrimination and assurance requirements of this part for recipients?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

..., national origin, or sex in connection with the award or performance of any concession agreement, management... Transportation PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS General § 23.9 What are... performance of any concession agreement, management contract or subcontract, purchase or lease agreement, or...

Electricity and gas distribution networks in competition. At the same time a critical investigation of the legal regulation of the concession right in paragraph 46 EnWG; Strom- und Gasverteilnetze im Wettbewerb. Zugleich eine kritische Untersuchung zur gesetzlichen Regelung des Konzessionsrechts in paragraph 46 EnWG

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Theobald, Christian; Templin, Wolf

2011-07-01

A functioning infrastructure has always been a prerequisite for economic and social development. But the local power supply is in an area of conflict between European law, energy law and antitrust rules. The municipalities engage in a periodic competition in order to guarantee a local network infrastructure. At the same time, an increasing political design intent of the citizens is loomed. Under this aspect, the authors of the contribution under consideration report on a critical, legal and in parts economic investigation of the existing legal framework for the operation of local electricity and gas distribution networks. In particular, the legal regulation of concession right in paragraph 46 EnWG (Energy Economic Law) is investigated.

Composting: a solution for reduction of environmental impacts caused by waste disposal pruning of AES Eletropaulo concession area; Compostagem: a solucao para diminuicao dos impactos ambientais causados pela destinacao dos residuos de poda da area de concessao da AES Eletropaulo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cortez, C.L.; Coelho, S.T.; Grisoli, R.P.S.; Gavioli, F.; Gobatto, D. [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Biomassa (CENBIO), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Carmelo, S. [AES Eletropaulo, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Considering environmental issues, the increasing production of solid residues is important due to scarcity of methods and solution for their management. This article presents a project that aims to research the impacts caused by residues of urban pruning generated by the AES Eletropaulo Energy Distribution Company, and also to develop the standardization of this residues composting, finalizing the management of this operation. The obtained results refer to the research done in the areas under AES concession, regarding the collection and the destination of these residues. It has been observed that 50% of the municipalities dispose their residues in dumps or sanitary landfills, while only 8% compost them. Based on environmental and social responsibility concepts, it is expected that the conclusion of this work can assist the civil, public and private sectors to contribute to the sustainable development. (author)

47 CFR 73.3525 - Agreements for removing application conflicts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... consideration” consists of financial concessions, including, but not limited to the transfer of assets or the provision of tangible pecuniary benefit, as well as non-financial concessions that confer any type of...

47 CFR 73.3589 - Threats to file petitions to deny or informal objections.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... financial concessions, including but not limited to the transfer of assets or the provision of tangible pecuniary benefit, as well as non-financial concessions that confer any type of benefit on the recipient...

Considerations Relating to the Jurisdiction of the Arbitration Litigation on Solving Public Acquisition Contracts

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Gina Livioara Goga

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The current legislation on public procurement, namely Government Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2006 on the public procurement contracts, public works concession contracts and service concession, currently governs the arbitration institution, having the possibility of settling any disputes regarding the execution of contracts. We consider that the contested provisions infringe the principle of predictability, as they are not clear because of the regulation of the two articles, and thus the analysis of the entire chapter entitled “Solving complaints” (Chapter IX of the G.E.O. 34/2006 in conjunction with the title order or with the purpose and principles of the adoption of G.E.O. 34/2006, it appears that it refers only to the procedure for settling disputes arising in attributing public procurement contracts, concession contracts for public works service concession contracts.

Influența Directivei 2014/23/UE privind concesiunile asupra dreptului național român

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Cătălina Georgeta DINU

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Concession contracts were neglected by the European law, especially by the directives on public procurement in 2004, which were only marginally covering public works concessions and the concessions were not subject to any specific regulation. Therefore, the Directive 2014/23/EU comes to cover a dead angle of the European law of public business contracts. Concessions are still in the same shadow cone on domestic plan, the Romanian legislation waiving in 2006 a legislative act dedicated exclusively to these contracts, as a result of the directives transposition at that moment. Yet this time, by implementing the Directive 2014/23/EU, the institution of concession is reinvigorated, to the detriment of the voices which sustained the lack of practical importance of this type of contract and of a distinction between this and public procurement. We are interested to analyze the manner in which this transposition was performed, both in form, and especially in substance: was the European legislation adapted by developing a clear domestic legislative framework or are we witnessing an ad literam assumption, which will enforce multiple amendments and supplements, similarly to the previous legislative experience in the field; are the assigned guided principles observed, are unequivocal procedures regulated and characterized by transparency?

23 CFR 710.705 - Applicability.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 710.705 Section 710.705 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT RIGHT-OF-WAY AND REAL ESTATE Concession Agreements § 710.705 Applicability. This subpart applies to all concession agreements...

23 CFR 710.707 - Fair market value.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fair market value. 710.707 Section 710.707 Highways... REAL ESTATE Concession Agreements § 710.707 Fair market value. A highway agency shall receive fair market value for any concession agreement involving a federally funded highway. ...

36 CFR 51.5 - What information will the prospectus include?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... minimum requirements of the concession contract. The minimum requirements of the concession contract, include, but are not limited to the following: (1) The minimum acceptable franchise fee or other forms of... resources of the park area; and (5) Any other minimum requirements that the new contract may specify...

Land tenure regimes in Brazil and the social and environmental purpose of rural land possession: land tenure regularization of riverside communities in the Amazon floodplain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karla Rosane Aguiar Oliveira

2015-06-01

on the Concessão de Direito Real de Uso (“Concession of Real Right of Use” as one of the instruments that allows the State to ensure the social function of public properties and guarantee legal certainty for rural land possession by Amazon floodplain populations.

49 CFR 23.3 - What do the terms used in this part mean?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS General § 23.3 What do the terms used in this part mean... participation of firms in the ACDBE program. Airport Concession Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (ACDBE) means... management and daily business operations are controlled by one or more of the socially and economically...

17 CFR 230.904 - Offshore resales.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... affiliates (except any officer or director who is an affiliate solely by virtue of holding such position), or... concession, fee or other remuneration in respect of the securities offered or sold: (i) Neither the seller... selling concession, fee or other remuneration in respect of the securities sold, the seller or a person...

The post-mining context at Decazeville-Firmi concession (Aveyron, France): analysis of impacts resulting from the cessation of pumping at the central shaft. Survey of various scenarios related to the water level of the pit lake in the Grande Decouverte

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cojean, R.; Franco, N.; Lazarewicz, J.C.; Blachere, A.; Lefort, D.; Sorgi, C.

2005-01-01

Within the frame of the Survey related to the cessation of mine workings in Decazeville-Firmi concession, various impacts resulting from the cessation of pumping at the Central Shaft were assessed. Mainly these impacts are related to groundwater behaviour in the abandoned underground coal mines, hydro-chemistry of waters discharged to the environment, ground stability concerns and coal gas emanations. This analysis allowed the choice of the most appropriate elevation of the pit lake level in the Grande Decouverte, with the necessity to continue the pumping. Two main objectives were reached. The elected elevation is high enough to result in a permanent chemical stratification, which allows the pumping of the superficial waters and its discharge to natural watercourses without any treatment. The elected elevation is low enough to avoid any problem of inflow of water or ground stability at some particular places which might have been threatened by the rising of the piezometric level of the mining aquifer. Lastly, the elected elevation of the pit lake allows a quality scenery design around the pit lake. (authors)

The post-mining context at Decazeville-Firmi concession (Aveyron, France): analysis of impacts resulting from the cessation of pumping at the central shaft. Survey of various scenarios related to the water level of the pit lake in the Grande Decouverte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cojean, R. [Ecole des Mines de Paris, Institut des Geosciences, Centre de Geologie de l' Ingenieur, UMLV, 77 - Marne-la-Vallee (France); Franco, N. [Charbonnages de France, Dir. Technique Nationale, 42 - Saint-Etienne (France); Lazarewicz, J.C. [Charbonnages de France, Dir. Technique Nationale, 13 - Meyreuil (France); Blachere, A.; Lefort, D. [Bureau d' Etudes CESAME, 42 - Fraisses (France); Sorgi, C. [INERIS, 60 - Verneuil-en-Halatte (France)

2005-07-01

Within the frame of the Survey related to the cessation of mine workings in Decazeville-Firmi concession, various impacts resulting from the cessation of pumping at the Central Shaft were assessed. Mainly these impacts are related to groundwater behaviour in the abandoned underground coal mines, hydro-chemistry of waters discharged to the environment, ground stability concerns and coal gas emanations. This analysis allowed the choice of the most appropriate elevation of the pit lake level in the Grande Decouverte, with the necessity to continue the pumping. Two main objectives were reached. The elected elevation is high enough to result in a permanent chemical stratification, which allows the pumping of the superficial waters and its discharge to natural watercourses without any treatment. The elected elevation is low enough to avoid any problem of inflow of water or ground stability at some particular places which might have been threatened by the rising of the piezometric level of the mining aquifer. Lastly, the elected elevation of the pit lake allows a quality scenery design around the pit lake. (authors)

Hot or cold: is communicating anger or threats more effective in negotiation?

Science.gov (United States)

Sinaceur, Marwan; Van Kleef, Gerben A; Neale, Margaret A; Adam, Hajo; Haag, Christophe

2011-09-01

Is communicating anger or threats more effective in eliciting concessions in negotiation? Recent research has emphasized the effectiveness of anger communication, an emotional strategy. In this article, we argue that anger communication conveys an implied threat, and we document that issuing threats is a more effective negotiation strategy than communicating anger. In 3 computer-mediated negotiation experiments, participants received either angry or threatening messages from a simulated counterpart. Experiment 1 showed that perceptions of threat mediated the effect of anger (vs. a control) on concessions. Experiment 2 showed that (a) threat communication elicited greater concessions than anger communication and (b) poise (being confident and in control of one's own feelings and decisions) ascribed to the counterpart mediated the positive effect of threat compared to anger on concessions. Experiment 3 replicated this positive effect of threat over anger when recipients had an attractive alternative to a negotiated agreement. These findings qualify previous research on anger communication in negotiation. Implications for the understanding of emotion and negotiation are discussed. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved

The non-appearance of the selection procedure and possibilities of legal protection of the unsuccessful bidder; Das Ausbleiben des Auswahlverfahrens und Rechtsschutzmoeglichkeiten des unterlegenen Bieters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer-Hetling, Astrid; Templin, Wolf [Kanzlei Becker Buettner Held, Berlin (Germany)

2012-02-15

A violation of the municipality against the relevant guidelines for awarding concessions may have legal consequences, in particular in terms of a already completed selection process. The authors of the contribution under consideration focus on the complete absence of an concession legal selection process. First of all, the energy legal, competition legal and European legal requirements and bids are presented against which the franchising community violated. Subsequently, the authors examine the question of whether this violation immediately results in the nullity of the concession contract, as well as the question of the claims of the company not taken into account against the municipality. Furthermore, the procedural and antitrust tools are presented for the non-considered companies.

A Multilateral Negotiation Model for Cloud Service Market

Science.gov (United States)

Yoo, Dongjin; Sim, Kwang Mong

Trading cloud services between consumers and providers is a complicated issue of cloud computing. Since a consumer can negotiate with multiple providers to acquire the same service and each provider can receive many requests from multiple consumers, to facilitate the trading of cloud services among multiple consumers and providers, a multilateral negotiation model for cloud market is necessary. The contribution of this work is the proposal of a business model supporting a multilateral price negotiation for trading cloud services. The design of proposed systems for cloud service market includes considering a many-to-many negotiation protocol, and price determining factor from service level feature. Two negotiation strategies are implemented: 1) MDA (Market Driven Agent); and 2) adaptive concession making responding to changes of bargaining position are proposed for cloud service market. Empirical results shows that MDA achieved better performance in some cases that the adaptive concession making strategy, it is noted that unlike the MDA, the adaptive concession making strategy does not assume that an agent has information of the number of competitors (e.g., a consumer agent adopting the adaptive concession making strategy need not know the number of consumer agents competing for the same service).

Brazil nut harvesting in Peruvian Amazonia from the perspective of ecosystem services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Risto Kalliola

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Brazil nuts are harvested from the primary rainforests in the Amazonian lowlands as a direct form of sustainably using the region’s biological resources. We analyze the ecological economics of Brazil nut production in the Peruvian region of Madre de Dios where nut extraction occurs on hundreds of small-holder concessions operating under long-term agreements. This activity sustains locally important economies that suffer from small volumes and high seasonality. The size and the remoteness of the NTFP concession determine much of its profitability to concessionaires. Seasonality of the harvest generates short-term income peaks for the majority of collectors. The fragility of the Brazil nut economy in the region is compounded by volatile market prices and the overall development pressures in Amazonia, which usually involve deforestation. Although the current regulatory mechanisms in Peru encourage long-term Brazil nut production in concessions, the income level is seldom high enough to help concession-owners to rise from poverty. Auxiliary financial support based on compensations for the non-valued ecosystem services provided by the forest-covered Brazil nut concessions could change the picture. Funds for these could come from international instruments like those of carbon emission control or debt for nature swaps. Green marketing could be developed to consider payments supporting ecosystem values as well as mechanisms supporting indigenous communities working with Brazil nuts. Appropriate indicators are needed to optimize those management, policy and trading conditions that best help to preserve the invaluable ecosystem functions and services.

Forms of contractual documents for public gas distribution; Modeles de documents contractuels pour la distribution publique de gaz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-12-01

This document is a compilation of standard forms of concession agreements and of specifications for public gas distribution (general dispositions, granted network and works, connection to the granted network, gas quality, contracts and conditions of supply, gas prices, concession end and control, various dispositions, agreement between the town and the grantee, calculation of profit rate, gas retail prices, general conditions of supply). (J.S.)

Moscow City Telephone Network

Science.gov (United States)

1976-12-23

CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD 1 I. INTRODUCTION 2 II. 1881-1901. The Bell Society Concession h III. 1901-1918. The Concession...concerning the work. Readers should send their letters to Svyaz’izdat Press (Moscow, Kirov Street, 40). The Authors I. INTRODUCTION In 1876, Graham Bell... sweatshop conditions of labor. Whereas earlier, under the concessioners, operators were forbidden to marry, and pregnancy was grounds for immediate

The stakes of the hydroelectric power in the integrated management of the Basins. Which place for the EPTB; Les enjeux de l'hydroelectricite dans la gestion integree des bassins versants. Quelle place pour les EPTB

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-12-01

In the framework of a sustainable development, the EPTB (Public, Territorial Institutions of Basins) need an evolution of the regulations concerning the management of the hydroelectric power (areas of the Adour, Dordogne, Garonne and Lot). This document presents in two parts the context and the stakes of the hydroelectric concession: the concessions specifications and the analysis of the main articles, the tariffs, taxes and the environment constraints. (A.L.B.)

Explaining Dynamic Strategies for Defending Company Legitimacy : The Changing Outcomes of Anti-Sweatshop Campaigns in France and Switzerland

OpenAIRE

Balsiger, Philip

2018-01-01

This article analyzes and compares the dynamically changing outcomes of anti-sweatshop campaigns in France and Switzerland through a qualitative comparative case study using interviews and analysis of firsthand and secondary data. In both countries, some targeted firms made early concessions and later withdrew from those concessions. To explain these changing outcomes over time, the article develops a perspective that puts emphasis on interaction phases and highlights corporate strategic resp...

The stakes of the hydroelectric power in the integrated management of the Basins. Which place for the EPTB; Les enjeux de l'hydroelectricite dans la gestion integree des bassins versants. Quelle place pour les EPTB

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-12-01

In the framework of a sustainable development, the EPTB (Public, Territorial Institutions of Basins) need an evolution of the regulations concerning the management of the hydroelectric power (areas of the Adour, Dordogne, Garonne and Lot). This document presents in two parts the context and the stakes of the hydroelectric concession: the concessions specifications and the analysis of the main articles, the tariffs, taxes and the environment constraints. (A.L.B.)

Carbon emissions performance of commercial logging in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Griscom, Bronson; Ellis, Peter; Putz, Francis E

2014-03-01

Adoption of reduced-impact logging (RIL) methods could reduce CO2 emissions by 30-50% across at least 20% of remaining tropical forests. We developed two cost effective and robust indices for comparing the climate benefits (reduced CO2 emissions) due to RIL. The indices correct for variability in the volume of commercial timber among concessions. We determined that a correction for variability in terrain slope was not needed. We found that concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC, N = 3), when compared with noncertified concessions (N = 6), did not have lower overall CO2 emissions from logging activity (felling, skidding, and hauling). On the other hand, FSC certified concessions did have lower emissions from one type of logging impact (skidding), and we found evidence of a range of improved practices using other field metrics. One explanation of these results may be that FSC criteria and indicators, and associated RIL practices, were not designed to achieve overall emissions reductions. Also, commonly used field metrics are not reliable proxies for overall logging emissions performance. Furthermore, the simple distinction between certified and noncertified concessions does not fully represent the complex history of investments in improved logging practices. To clarify the relationship between RIL and emissions reductions, we propose the more explicit term 'RIL-C' to refer to the subset of RIL practices that can be defined by quantified thresholds and that result in measurable emissions reductions. If tropical forest certification is to be linked with CO2 emissions reductions, certification standards need to explicitly require RIL-C practices. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Foreign capital, forest change and regulatory compliance in Congo Basin forests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brandt, Jodi S; Nolte, Christoph; Agrawal, Arun; Steinberg, Jessica

2014-01-01

Tropical forest change is driven by demand in distant markets. Equally, investments in tropical forest landscapes by capital originating from distant emerging economies are on the rise. Understanding how forest outcomes vary by investment source is therefore becoming increasingly important. We empirically evaluate the relationship between investment source and deforestation from 2000 to 2010 in the Republic of Congo. A Congolese forestry code was implemented in 2000 to mitigate degradation of production forests by standardizing all logging in the country according to sustainable forest management (SFM) guidelines. Following the implementation of this law, the majority (73%) of Congo’s production forests were managed by European (40%) and Asian (33%) companies. European concessions had the highest rates of total and core deforestation, followed by Asian concessions, indicating that the fragmentation of intact forests in Congo is strongly associated with industrial logging fueled by foreign capital. European concession holders were also far more likely to comply with SFM policies, followed by Asian concessions, suggesting that compliance with Sustainable Forest Management policies may not mitigate degradation in tropical production forests. Further evaluation of the relationship between investment source, regulatory compliance, and outcomes in tropical countries is essential for effective conservation of tropical forest ecosystems. (paper)

Foreign capital, forest change and regulatory compliance in Congo Basin forests

Science.gov (United States)

Brandt, Jodi S.; Nolte, Christoph; Steinberg, Jessica; Agrawal, Arun

2014-04-01

Tropical forest change is driven by demand in distant markets. Equally, investments in tropical forest landscapes by capital originating from distant emerging economies are on the rise. Understanding how forest outcomes vary by investment source is therefore becoming increasingly important. We empirically evaluate the relationship between investment source and deforestation from 2000 to 2010 in the Republic of Congo. A Congolese forestry code was implemented in 2000 to mitigate degradation of production forests by standardizing all logging in the country according to sustainable forest management (SFM) guidelines. Following the implementation of this law, the majority (73%) of Congo’s production forests were managed by European (40%) and Asian (33%) companies. European concessions had the highest rates of total and core deforestation, followed by Asian concessions, indicating that the fragmentation of intact forests in Congo is strongly associated with industrial logging fueled by foreign capital. European concession holders were also far more likely to comply with SFM policies, followed by Asian concessions, suggesting that compliance with Sustainable Forest Management policies may not mitigate degradation in tropical production forests. Further evaluation of the relationship between investment source, regulatory compliance, and outcomes in tropical countries is essential for effective conservation of tropical forest ecosystems.

Is there reciprocity in preferential trade agreements on services?

OpenAIRE

Marchetti, Juan; Roy, Martin; Zoratto, Laura

2012-01-01

Are market access commitments on services in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) reciprocal or simply unilateral? If reciprocal, do concessions granted in services depend on concessions received from the trading partner in other services or in non-services areas as well? In this paper we investigate the presence of reciprocity in bilateral services agreements, by sub-sector, mode of supply and type of agreement (North-North, South-North, South-South). To do so, we use a database of concessio...

The Social Solidarity and the Meritorious Award of Special Pensions Premiais in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milton Vasques Thibau de Almeida

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The Brazilian constitution contempt any different types of solidarity, some of them by the expressed form and others by the implicit form, have being awarded in this article the honor social solidarity, that gives legal fundaments to the special monthly and for all life pensions concessions to the ex-football players of the champion Brazilian Team on the World Championships of 1958, 1962 and 1970, the same that has been occurred with the ex-olimpic athletic Laís da Silva Souza. The Brazilian constitutional jurisprudence has been recognized the constitutionality of those laws that has given those rewarded pension concessions, but has been given to them the juridical nature of assistance benefit. Although a particular analyses of these laws that has been given those reward pensions concession revels the existence of supposes and requires that has been typical of the pension funds juridical nature.

EDF - 2007 results, 2007 Financial report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gadonneix, Pierre

2008-01-01

As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2007 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2007: Consolidated income statements; Consolidated balance sheets; Consolidated cash flow statements; Changes in consolidated equity; Notes to the consolidated financial statements: Group accounting standards; Summary of the principal accounting and valuation methods; Public electricity distribution concessions in France and concession agreements for other activities; Comparability; Significant events and transactions of 2007 and 2006; Changes in the scope of consolidation; Segment reporting; Sales; Fuel and energy purchases; Other external expenses; Contractual obligations and commitments; Personnel expenses; Other operating income and expenses; Impairments / reversals; Other operating income and expenses; Financial result; Income taxes; Goodwill; Other intangible assets; Property, plant and equipment operated under French public electricity distribution concessions; Property, plant and equipment operated under concessions for other activities; Property, plant and equipment used in generation and other tangible assets owned by the Group; Investments in companies accounted for under the equity method; Current and non-current financial assets; Inventories, including work-in-process; Trade receivables; Other receivables; Cash and cash equivalents; Held-for-sale assets and liabilities; Equity; Provisions; Specific French public electricity distribution concession liabilities for existing assets and assets to be replaced; Current and non

From Product to Place-Spatializing governance in a commodified landscape.

Science.gov (United States)

van Oosten, Cora; Moeliono, Moira; Wiersum, Freerk

2018-07-01

This article analyzes the potential for landscape governance in large-scale commodity landscapes in Indonesia. It conceptualizes landscape governance as the spatialization of governance, which entails the interplay between natural-spatial conditions of place, public-private actor constellations, and policy responses. The article presents the case of a commodified oil palm landscape in West Kalimantan, where a potentially new type of landscape governance is emerging out of the experimental activities of an ecologically responsible commercial enterprise. It describes the development of a multifunctional concession as a process of productive bricolage involving the creative combination of different land uses within a single productive space. It also describes how such a multifunctional concession does not fit into existing policies, which are sectorally defined and embedded in sticky institutional frames. The formation of new public-private institutional arrangements needed for the development of multifunctional concessions is a difficult process, as it requires an alignment of contrasting discourses and an integration of sectorally-defined policy frames. If successful, it might facilitate the transition from multifunctional concessions to multifunctional landscapes. Such a fundamental change in land use and production relations however requires intensive stakeholder engagement and policy dialog. Indonesia's continuous decentralization process offers opportunities for this, as it increasingly provides institutional space at the landscape level, for public and private actors to explore common concerns, and craft public-private arrangements specific to the landscape.

A cooperation model based on CVaR measure for a two-stage supply chain

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Xinsheng; Meng, Zhiqing; Shen, Rui

2015-07-01

In this paper, we introduce a cooperation model (CM) for the two-stage supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. In this model, it is supposed that the objective of the manufacturer is to maximise his/her profit while the objective of the retailer is to minimise his/her CVaR while controlling the risk originating from fluctuation in market demand. In reality, the manufacturer and the retailer would like to choose their own decisions as to wholesale price and order quantity to optimise their own objectives, resulting the fact that the expected decision of the manufacturer and that of the retailer may conflict with each other. Then, to achieve cooperation, the manufacturer and the retailer both need to give some concessions. The proposed model aims to coordinate the decisions of the manufacturer and the retailer, and balance the concessions of the two in their cooperation. We introduce an s* - optimal equilibrium solution in this model, which can decide the minimum concession that the manufacturer and the retailer need to give for their cooperation, and prove that the s* - optimal equilibrium solution can be obtained by solving a goal programming problem. Further, the case of different concessions made by the manufacturer and the retailer is also discussed. Numerical results show that the CM is efficient in dealing with the cooperations between the supplier and the retailer.

The Democratic Window of Opportunity: Evidence from Riots in sub-Saharan Africa

OpenAIRE

Aidt, Toke Skovsgaard; Leon, Gabriel

2014-01-01

We show that drought-induced changes in the intensity of riots lead to moves towards democracy in sub-Saharan Africa, and that these changes are often a result of concessions made as a result of the riots. This provides evidence that low-intensity conflict can have a substantial short-run impact on democratic change, and supports the "window of opportunity" hypothesis: droughts lead to an increase in the threat of conflict, and incumbents often respond by making democratic concessions. Thi...

Using the measurement technique by G. P. S. satellite for mining exploitations; Utilizacion de la Tecnica de Medicion por Satelite G. P. S. para la Demarcacion y Deslinde de Concesiones Mineras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-12-31

This project attempts to establish a methodology for the use of the global positioning techniques for the G. P. S. satellite, within the limits and allowances of investigation and exploitation in geological resources. The concessions to be limited may be old fashioned or restricted, modern or square metred surface. In the first case the implantation required G. P. S. receptors, coordinated in the points which were used as references and via calculations from the total coordinates from the starting point and the corners of the concession, so that they can later be reimplanted on the land. In the second case, the intention is reimplant the points situated in the limites of the mining concessions whose geographic coordiantes are know ({lambda},{phi}) referring to Hayford ellipsoid. In both cases a working method using a combination of techniques G. P. S. receptors and topographical instruments is required or the use of G. P. S. receptors in real time. (Author)

Using the measurement technique by G. P. S. satellite for mining exploitations; Utilizacion de la Tecnica de Medicion por Satelite G. P. S. para la Demarcacion y Deslinde de Concesiones Mineras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-12-31

This project attempts to establish a methodology for the use of the global positioning techniques for the G. P. S. satellite, within the limits and allowances of investigation and exploitation in geological resources. The concessions to be limited may be old fashioned or restricted, modern or square metred surface. In the first case the implantation required G. P. S. receptors, coordinated in the points which were used as references and via calculations from the total coordinates from the starting point and the corners of the concession, so that they can later be reimplanted on the land. In the second case, the intention is reimplant the points situated in the limites of the mining concessions whose geographic coordiantes are know ({lambda},{phi}) referring to Hayford ellipsoid. In both cases a working method using a combination of techniques G. P. S. receptors and topographical instruments is required or the use of G. P. S. receptors in real time. (Author)

Doing things by halves: on intermediary global institutional proposals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luke Ulaş

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Various cosmopolitan theorists offer global institutional prescriptions intended to be understood as residing conceptually between a system of separate domestic states and a federal world state. In this article I assess such ‘intermediary’ models, and claim that they are an unprofitable mix of idealism and misplaced pragmatism: they are ostensibly illustrations of future-oriented institutional ideals, and yet they are infused with concessions to present-day reality. In some cases, the concession is merely rhetorical: we are offered world state visions in intermediary clothing. In other cases, the concession is substantive, with the ironic result that intermediary models are in fact less feasible than the idea of a world state which intermediary theorists quickly reject. The overall aim of the argument is not to fully defend the idea of a world state, but rather only to demonstrate that there are reasons, from a cosmopolitan perspective, to consider a world state superior to intermediary models.

Information bulletin of the bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - May 2007. No 5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands, allocations and extension of research permits and concessions; list of demands under instruction), drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins), underground storage facilities (demands of concession extension). (J.S.)

Bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - Monthly information bulletin. December 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-12-01

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands and allocations of research permits and concessions; list of demands under instruction), drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins); underground storage facilities (allocation and extension of concessions). (J.S.)

Bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - Monthly information bulletin. December 2006; Bureau exploration-production des hydrocarbures. Bulletin mensuel d'information. Decembre 2006

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2006-12-15

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands and allocations of research permits and concessions; list of demands under instruction), drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins); underground storage facilities (allocation and extension of concessions). (J.S.)

Mineral legislations applicable to beach sand industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Cruz, Eric

2016-01-01

India has got a wealth of natural resources in different geological environs and shoreline placers form an important constituent of the natural resources. Large reserves of beach sand minerals, viz. imenite, rutile, leucoxene, zircon, sillimanite, garnet and monazite are the economic minerals in the coastal and inland placer sands. In the federal structure of India, the State Governments are the owners of minerals located within their respective boundaries. The State Governments grant the mineral concessions for all the minerals located within the boundary of the State, under the provisions of the Acts and Rules framed for the purpose. Though the mineral wealth is under the control of the State, the power for framing the rules for the grant of mineral concessions vastly rest with the Central Government. Since mineral concessions are often granted for a longer duration of thirty to fifty years or more, a historical perspective of these rules are imperative in understanding the issues involved with BSM mining industry. Under the Govt. of India Act, 1935, Regulation of Mines and Oilfields and Mineral Development was kept under Federal control, declared by Federal Law. The word 'Federal' was substituted by the word 'Dominion' by the India (Provincial Constitution) Order, 1947. No legislation was, however, enacted in pursuance of above power until after Independence. However, the Govt. on India made the Mining Concession (Central) Rules, 1939 for regulating grants of prospecting license

Plan of development: analysis under the Brazilian petroleum act, the concession agreements and the ANP ordinance 90/2000; Plano de desenvolvimento: analise a luz da Lei do petroleo, dos contratos de concessao e da Portaria n. 90/2000 da ANP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caroli, Carla [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

By the Plan of Development the concessionaire informs the petroleum regulatory agency (Agencia Nacional de Petroleo Gas e Biocombustiveis - ANP) how it intends to produce hydrocarbons from a field which was declared commercially feasible by such a concessionaire. Therefore, the Plan of Development consists of a very important document for ANP to conduct its supervision duties with regard to operations which usually take place during the development of the production. Because of its relevance within the E and P activities regulatory and supervision system in Brazil, the Plan of Development, its content and the requirements for its record before ANP are regulated by the Brazilian Petroleum Act (Lei n. 9.478/97) and also by the Concession Contracts and a government decree issue by the ANP itself (Portaria 90/2000), which approved a technical regulation on the Plan of Development. This essay will take all these rules into consideration in order to provide a summarized, systematic view of the discipline of the Plan of Development under Brazilian laws and regulations. In this sense, this essay intends to analyze not only the requirements for the preparation, presentation and possible changes in the Plan of Development, but also the legal principles applicable to the plan itself and to the conduct of the ANP before the projects presented by the concessionaires in accordance with such rules. (author)

A QUALIDADE DE SERVIÇOS COMO DIFERENCIAL COMPETITIVO EM CONCESSIONÁRIAS DE AUTOMÓVEIS

OpenAIRE

Cesar Adolar Soares Manzoni

2010-01-01

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso, em uma concessionária de automóveis, localizada no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Objetivou-se analisar a gestão estratégica de serviços e identificar fatores como diferencial competitivo para a fidelização de clientes, em uma concessionária de automóveis. Para atingir esse objetivo foi necessário, num primeiro momento, realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre qualidade em serviços, e, num segundo momento, analisar a ...

Understanding the Impacts of Land-Use Policies on a Threatened Species: Is There a Future for the Bornean Orang-utan?

Science.gov (United States)

Wich, Serge A.; Gaveau, David; Abram, Nicola; Ancrenaz, Marc; Baccini, Alessandro; Brend, Stephen; Curran, Lisa; Delgado, Roberto A.; Erman, Andi; Fredriksson, Gabriella M.; Goossens, Benoit; Husson, Simon J.; Lackman, Isabelle; Marshall, Andrew J.; Naomi, Anita; Molidena, Elis; Nardiyono; Nurcahyo, Anton; Odom, Kisar; Panda, Adventus; Purnomo; Rafiastanto, Andjar; Ratnasari, Dessy; Santana, Adi H.; Sapari, Imam; van Schaik, Carel P.; Sihite, Jamartin; Spehar, Stephanie; Santoso, Eddy; Suyoko, Amat; Tiju, Albertus; Usher, Graham; Atmoko, Sri Suci Utami; Willems, Erik P.; Meijaard, Erik

2012-01-01

The geographic distribution of Bornean orang-utans and its overlap with existing land-use categories (protected areas, logging and plantation concessions) is a necessary foundation to prioritize conservation planning. Based on an extensive orang-utan survey dataset and a number of environmental variables, we modelled an orang-utan distribution map. The modelled orang-utan distribution map covers 155,106 km2 (21% of Borneo's landmass) and reveals four distinct distribution areas. The most important environmental predictors are annual rainfall and land cover. The overlap of the orang-utan distribution with land-use categories reveals that only 22% of the distribution lies in protected areas, but that 29% lies in natural forest concessions. A further 19% and 6% occurs in largely undeveloped oil palm and tree plantation concessions, respectively. The remaining 24% of the orang-utan distribution range occurs outside of protected areas and outside of concessions. An estimated 49% of the orang-utan distribution will be lost if all forest outside of protected areas and logging concessions is lost. To avoid this potential decline plantation development in orang-utan habitats must be halted because it infringes on national laws of species protection. Further growth of the plantation sector should be achieved through increasing yields in existing plantations and expansion of new plantations into areas that have already been deforested. To reach this goal a large scale island-wide land-use masterplan is needed that clarifies which possible land uses and managements are allowed in the landscape and provides new standardized strategic conservation policies. Such a process should make much better use of non-market values of ecosystem services of forests such as water provision, flood control, carbon sequestration, and sources of livelihood for rural communities. Presently land use planning is more driven by vested interests and direct and immediate economic gains, rather than by

Understanding the impacts of land-use policies on a threatened species: is there a future for the Bornean orang-utan?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Serge A Wich

Full Text Available The geographic distribution of Bornean orang-utans and its overlap with existing land-use categories (protected areas, logging and plantation concessions is a necessary foundation to prioritize conservation planning. Based on an extensive orang-utan survey dataset and a number of environmental variables, we modelled an orang-utan distribution map. The modelled orang-utan distribution map covers 155,106 km(2 (21% of Borneo's landmass and reveals four distinct distribution areas. The most important environmental predictors are annual rainfall and land cover. The overlap of the orang-utan distribution with land-use categories reveals that only 22% of the distribution lies in protected areas, but that 29% lies in natural forest concessions. A further 19% and 6% occurs in largely undeveloped oil palm and tree plantation concessions, respectively. The remaining 24% of the orang-utan distribution range occurs outside of protected areas and outside of concessions. An estimated 49% of the orang-utan distribution will be lost if all forest outside of protected areas and logging concessions is lost. To avoid this potential decline plantation development in orang-utan habitats must be halted because it infringes on national laws of species protection. Further growth of the plantation sector should be achieved through increasing yields in existing plantations and expansion of new plantations into areas that have already been deforested. To reach this goal a large scale island-wide land-use masterplan is needed that clarifies which possible land uses and managements are allowed in the landscape and provides new standardized strategic conservation policies. Such a process should make much better use of non-market values of ecosystem services of forests such as water provision, flood control, carbon sequestration, and sources of livelihood for rural communities. Presently land use planning is more driven by vested interests and direct and immediate economic

International oil law

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torkzad, B.

1997-01-01

The 1973 energy crisis demonstrated that the international petroleum industry is not totally free. Very often it has been the object of an organization, even during the domination of international oil companies which have established a petroleum international system with a system of concession rights. This system is based on an oligopolistic structure which had the characteristics of a monopoly. This vertically integrated structure of the world petroleum industry during the 1920-1950 era was more or less locked up by the system of concessions. The incompatibility of this system of excessively long concession contracts with the economical development needs of oil exporting countries has led to their abolishment. They have been replaced by new agreements. As soon as the creation of stable and permanent international oil organizations (OPEC, OAPEC, IEA), an institutional right has been established which has generated international rights and principles governing the contractual relations between oil exporting and oil importing countries. This international petroleum right is both original and specific, it is evolutive, contractual and normative. (J.S.)

Contractul administrativ în activitatea administrației publice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ioan LAZĂR

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Romania’s adhesion to the European Union on 1 January 2007 determined deep changes in the legislation in matters of concessions, publicprivate partnership and volunteerism. Thus new regulations emerged, such as Government Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2006 regarding the award of public procurement contracts, public works concession contracts and services concession contracts or the Emergency Ordinance no. 54 of 28 June 2006 concerning the contracts of procurement of public assets. Similarly the Law no. 554/2004 on the administrative dispute includes contracts concluded by the public authorities, contracts having the aim to valorize the public goods, the execution of works for public interest, public services, public procurement; by special laws can be provided other categories of public administration contracts subject to administrative jurisdiction of administrative dispute. Undoubtedly the new regulations prove the importance of administrative contracts – perceived as a form of ongoing public-private partnership – as being the instrument through which the individual lives and the community’s existence are influenced positively, without affecting the public budget, which by contrast, has been increased by the income achieved.

Estabilidade constitucional e acordos constitucionais: os processos constituintes de Brasil (1987-1988 e Espanha (1977-1978 Constitutional stability and constitutional agreements: the constituent process of Brazil (1987-1988 and Spain (1977-1978

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Gomes Moreira Maués

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa os acordos que formaram as maiorias nas assembléias constituintes de Brasil (1987-1988 e Espanha (1977-1978, buscando indentificar sua contribuição para a estabilidade constitucional dos dois países. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três níveis: estudo das normas regimentais das assembléias constituintes; tabulação das votações que aprovaram dispositivos constitucionais; e análise dos debates constitucionais, na qual foram identificados três processos de formação de maiorias, concessões mútuas, não-decisão e maioria aritmética. O trabalho demonstra que o uso de concessões mútuas e da não-decisão na constituinte favorece o processo de construção do consenso em torno da constituição, contribuindo para sua estabilidade.The article analyses the agreements which formed the majorities in the constituent assemblies of Brazil (1987-1988 and Spain (1977-1978, trying to identify its contribution to the constitutional stability in both countries. This analysis is developed through three steps: study of the rules that governed the constituent assemblies; organization of data about the votings which approved constitutional provisions; and analysis of the constitutional debates, in which three process of majority formation have been identified, mutual concessions; no-decision and arithmetical majority. The work shows that the use of mutual concessions and no-decision in the constituent assembly promotes the process of consensus building regarding the constitution, contributing to its stability.

Upstream petroleum licensing: a comparative approach on regulatory frameworks and economic impacts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Amanda L. [Felsberg e Associados, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The recent discoveries hit in the pre-salt area, such as Tupi, Jupiter, Bem-te-vi and Carioca may place Brazil amongst the largest oil producers in the world. As a result, the Brazilian regulatory framework, which was originally envisaged in a scenario of higher exploration risk, has been under heavy public scrutiny. The Brazilian Government has already taken the first steps towards substantial changes in the country's contracting model for upstream activities. By means of Resolution No. 6/2007, the National Council for Energy Policy ('CNPE') not only determined the removal of 41 blocks with sub-salt geology from the ANP 9 Th Bid Round, but also stressed the need for a different regime for E and P activities in the country's continental shelf. At this moment, there is a great deal of controversy on the contracting model to be adopted, mainly whether the concession model should be maintained, but subject to higher levels of government take, or a production sharing model should apply. This paper goes through the evolution of international oil agreements, from early concessions to modern agreements. A special emphasis is placed on concession/license regimes as well as on production sharing agreements (PSAs). Besides drawing a comparative line between such models, this article assesses their economic impacts and whether the regulatory framework currently in force in Brazil is suitable for a scenario of lower risk, showing that any desired level of regulation may be achieved in the context of a PSA as easily as in a exclusive concession. (author)

Effects of logging on roadless space in intact forest landscapes of the Congo Basin.

Science.gov (United States)

Kleinschroth, Fritz; Healey, John R; Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie; Mortier, Frédéric; Stoica, Radu S

2017-04-01

Forest degradation in the tropics is often associated with roads built for selective logging. The protection of intact forest landscapes (IFL) that are not accessible by roads is high on the biodiversity conservation agenda and a challenge for logging concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). A frequently advocated conservation objective is to maximize the retention of roadless space, a concept that is based on distance to the nearest road from any point. We developed a novel use of the empty-space function - a general statistical tool based on stochastic geometry and random sets theory - to calculate roadless space in a part of the Congo Basin where road networks have been expanding rapidly. We compared the temporal development of roadless space in certified and uncertified logging concessions inside and outside areas declared IFL in 2000. Inside IFLs, road-network expansion led to a decrease in roadless space by more than half from 1999 to 2007. After 2007, loss leveled out in most areas to close to 0 due to an equilibrium between newly built roads and abandoned roads that became revegetated. However, concessions in IFL certified by FSC since around 2007 continuously lost roadless space and reached a level comparable to all other concessions. Only national parks remained mostly roadless. We recommend that forest-management policies make the preservation of large connected forest areas a top priority by effectively monitoring - and limiting - the occupation of space by roads that are permanently accessible. © 2016 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.

Implementation of wind power in the Norwegian market; the reason why some of the best wind resources in Europe were not utilised by 2010

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blindheim, Bernt

2013-01-01

Norway has some of the best wind resources in Europe. In 1999, the Norwegian Parliament committed to attain an annual onshore wind power production goal of 3.0 TWh by 2010; however, in 2010, onshore wind power production measured only 1.0 TWh. This article discusses the reasons that this goal was not achieved. The analysis addresses the key figures on the strategic, tactical and operational levels. This model is combined with a time line that seeks to define when different actors should have secured concessions and funding to achieve the goal. After introducing the time line, a list of questions is introduced for these key actors. The three-level model, the time line and the questions constitute the analytical framework. Explanations for the failure to achieve the goal may be identified on all three levels. However, the primary explanatory factors were political uncertainty in the support scheme and wind power's role in the energy market in general; both of these factors are identified on the strategic level. Uncertainty on the strategic level influenced the lower levels, which led to bottlenecks in the concession process and jittery investors who thought that the risk of investment in wind power was too high. - Highlights: • Implementation of wind power in the Norwegian energy system up to 2010. • The concession process, the support scheme and the marked players are considered. • Uncertainty about the support scheme slowed down the implementation process. • The concession process has been a bottleneck. • The support scheme has only to a certain degree trigged investments

Assessment concessions for learners with impairments

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Erna Kinsey

and standardized on, a population of typically developing individuals. (who are able to ... of children with severe disabilities, in particular those with little or no functional ..... flexible response requirements that minimize discrimination within the.

A systematic framework for infrastructure development through public private partnerships

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xueqing Zhang

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Public–private partnerships (PPPs play an important role in bringing private sector competition to public monopolies in infrastructure development and service provision and in merging the resources of both public and private sectors to better serve the public needs. However, in worldwide practices, there are mixed results, substantial controversy, criticism and conflict over PPPs. This paper proposes a systematic framework for the delivery of public works and services through PPPs in general. Justified by public procurement principles, aimed at a public–private win–win solution, and based on worldwide best industrial practices and lessons from unsuccessful projects, this framework integrates the four broadly divided stages that repeat over time: (1 design of a workable concession, (2 competitive concessionaire selection, (3 financial regulation, and (4 periodic reconcession and rebidding. The four-stage framework takes into account the requirements of public services, realignment of responsibility and reward among multiple participants in PPPs, the monopolistic rights of the concessionaire, and the wide range of risks and uncertainties in the long concession period. Varying competition elements are incorporated in each of the four stages for continuous performance improvement in the delivery of public works and services. The design of the right concession forms the base on which other stages are implemented in addition to planning the project and allocating risks for enhanced efficiency. The financial regulation allows the government to address changing conditions and to regulate the concession for efficient operation with due discretion, whereas the competitive concessionaire selection and periodic reconcession and rebidding play critical roles in achieving innovation, efficiency and cost effectiveness through direct competition rather than government discretionary intervention.

Assessing Port Governance, Devolution and Terminal Performance in Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. E. Onwuegbuchunam

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Concerns about performance and efficiency in port terminals led many national governments to embark on port reforms. The Federal government of Nigeria, for example, adopted the Landlord port model which brought about concessioning of port terminals to private operators. Despite high investments in terminal facilities by the private terminal operators, there are still complaints about level of service offered to port users. This paper applied key performance indicator metrics and parameters of queuing model in assessing performance of Nigeria’s concessioned port terminals. Data for the study were obtained from terminal level records of cargo and ship handling activities for years 2000 to 2015. Major findings indicate that cargo and vessel throughputs improved after the reforms in the six ports examined. However, much variability was observed in trends in ships’ turnround times across all ports after the concession policy implementation. Additional results from the queuing model analysis suggest that the high ships turnround times observed in some ports are associated to delays in ship operation at the berths. The paper recommends that policy interventions be focused on ship operations at the berths as a step in improving service level in the port terminals.

Incentive aspects of point implementation of greenhouse gas reduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Michaelowa, A.

1996-01-01

The costs of a national climate policy instruments can be reduced if a reduction of greenhouse gas emission achieved abroad can be credited to a national target. Reductions carried through by agents of one country in another country are called Joint Implementation and have been a major topic in the negotiations on the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The first Conference of the parties in Berlin decided that the concept should be tested in a pilot phase without crediting. To induce private investments in Joint Implementation projects, primary instruments such as emission taxes, subsidies, tradeable emission rights or regulation are a necessary condition. Tax concessions, subsidies, additional emission rights or relaxation of regulation act as incentives. These must be proportional to the emission reduction achieved through the projects. Tax concessions and subsidies are preferable to other instruments for efficiency reasons. Examples are given for calculating tax concessions on a range of projects, including the installation of new boilers at a foreign power plant, the building of a new lignite power plant abroad, and the replacement of a coal-fired power plant with a hydroelectric power plant. 18 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab

NTFP harvesters as citizen scientists: Validating traditional and crowdsourced knowledge on seed production of Brazil nut trees in the Peruvian Amazon.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Evert; Valdivia, Jheyson; Alcázar Caicedo, Carolina; Quaedvlieg, Julia; Wadt, Lucia Helena O; Corvera, Ronald

2017-01-01

Understanding the factors that underlie the production of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), as well as regularly monitoring production levels, are key to allow sustainability assessments of NTFP extractive economies. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) seed harvesting from natural forests is one of the cornerstone NTFP economies in Amazonia. In the Peruvian Amazon it is organized in a concession system. Drawing on seed production estimates of >135,000 individual Brazil nut trees from >400 concessions and ethno-ecological interviews with >80 concession holders, here we aimed to (i) assess the accuracy of seed production estimates by Brazil nut seed harvesters, and (ii) validate their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the variables that influence Brazil nut production. We compared productivity estimates with actual field measurements carried out in the study area and found a positive correlation between them. Furthermore, we compared the relationships between seed production and a number of phenotypic, phytosanitary and environmental variables described in literature with those obtained for the seed production estimates and found high consistency between them, justifying the use of the dataset for validating TEK and innovative hypothesis testing. As expected, nearly all TEK on Brazil nut productivity was corroborated by our data. This is reassuring as Brazil nut concession holders, and NTFP harvesters at large, rely on their knowledge to guide the management of the trees upon which their extractive economies are based. Our findings suggest that productivity estimates of Brazil nut trees and possibly other NTFP-producing species could replace or complement actual measurements, which are very expensive and labour intensive, at least in areas where harvesters have a tradition of collecting NTFPs from the same trees over multiple years or decades. Productivity estimates might even be sourced from harvesters through registers on an annual basis

NTFP harvesters as citizen scientists: Validating traditional and crowdsourced knowledge on seed production of Brazil nut trees in the Peruvian Amazon.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evert Thomas

Full Text Available Understanding the factors that underlie the production of non-timber forest products (NTFPs, as well as regularly monitoring production levels, are key to allow sustainability assessments of NTFP extractive economies. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae seed harvesting from natural forests is one of the cornerstone NTFP economies in Amazonia. In the Peruvian Amazon it is organized in a concession system. Drawing on seed production estimates of >135,000 individual Brazil nut trees from >400 concessions and ethno-ecological interviews with >80 concession holders, here we aimed to (i assess the accuracy of seed production estimates by Brazil nut seed harvesters, and (ii validate their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK about the variables that influence Brazil nut production. We compared productivity estimates with actual field measurements carried out in the study area and found a positive correlation between them. Furthermore, we compared the relationships between seed production and a number of phenotypic, phytosanitary and environmental variables described in literature with those obtained for the seed production estimates and found high consistency between them, justifying the use of the dataset for validating TEK and innovative hypothesis testing. As expected, nearly all TEK on Brazil nut productivity was corroborated by our data. This is reassuring as Brazil nut concession holders, and NTFP harvesters at large, rely on their knowledge to guide the management of the trees upon which their extractive economies are based. Our findings suggest that productivity estimates of Brazil nut trees and possibly other NTFP-producing species could replace or complement actual measurements, which are very expensive and labour intensive, at least in areas where harvesters have a tradition of collecting NTFPs from the same trees over multiple years or decades. Productivity estimates might even be sourced from harvesters through registers on an

A second hydrocarbon boom threatens the Peruvian Amazon: trends, projections, and policy implications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Finer, Matt [Save America' s Forests, 4 Library Court NW, Washington, DC 20003 (United States); Orta-Martinez, Marti, E-mail: matt@saveamericasforests.or, E-mail: martiorta@gmail.co [Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambiental, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) (Spain)

2010-01-15

The Peruvian Amazon is home to extraordinary biological and cultural diversity, and vast swaths of this mega-diverse region remain largely intact. Recent analysis indicates, however, that the rapid proliferation of oil and gas exploration zones now threatens the region's biodiversity, indigenous peoples, and wilderness areas. To better elucidate this dynamic situation, we analyzed official Peruvian government hydrocarbon information and generated a quantitative analysis of the past, present, and future of oil and gas activities in the Peruvian Amazon. We document an extensive hydrocarbon history for the region-over 104 000 km of seismic lines and 679 exploratory and production wells-highlighted by a major exploration boom in the early 1970s. We show that an unprecedented 48.6% of the Peruvian Amazon has been recently covered by oil and gas concessions, up from just 7.1% in 2003. These oil and gas concessions overlap 17.1% of the Peruvian Amazon protected area system and over half of all titled indigenous lands. Moreover, we found that up to 72% of the Peruvian Amazon has been zoned for hydrocarbon activities (concessions plus technical evaluation agreements and proposed concessions) in the past two years, and over 84% at some point during the past 40 years. We project that the recent rapid proliferation of hydrocarbon zones will lead to a second exploration boom, characterized by over 20 000 km of new seismic testing and construction of over 180 new exploratory wells in remote, intact, and sensitive forest areas. As the Peruvian Amazon oil frontier rapidly expands, we conclude that a rigorous policy debate is urgently needed in order to avoid the major environmental impacts associated with the first exploration boom of the 1970s and to minimize the social conflict that recently led to deadly encounters between indigenous protesters and government forces.

GRA prospectus: optimizing design and management of protected areas

Science.gov (United States)

Bernknopf, Richard; Halsing, David

2001-01-01

Protected areas comprise one major type of global conservation effort that has been in the form of parks, easements, or conservation concessions. Though protected areas are increasing in number and size throughout tropical ecosystems, there is no systematic method for optimally targeting specific local areas for protection, designing the protected area, and monitoring it, or for guiding follow-up actions to manage it or its surroundings over the long run. Without such a system, conservation projects often cost more than necessary and/or risk protecting ecosystems and biodiversity less efficiently than desired. Correcting these failures requires tools and strategies for improving the placement, design, and long-term management of protected areas. The objective of this project is to develop a set of spatially based analytical tools to improve the selection, design, and management of protected areas. In this project, several conservation concessions will be compared using an economic optimization technique. The forest land use portfolio model is an integrated assessment that measures investment in different land uses in a forest. The case studies of individual tropical ecosystems are developed as forest (land) use and preservation portfolios in a geographic information system (GIS). Conservation concessions involve a private organization purchasing development and resource access rights in a certain area and retiring them. Forests are put into conservation, and those people who would otherwise have benefited from extracting resources or selling the right to do so are compensated. Concessions are legal agreements wherein the exact amount and nature of the compensation result from a negotiated agreement between an agent of the conservation community and the local community. Funds are placed in a trust fund, and annual payments are made to local communities and regional/national governments. The payments are made pending third-party verification that the forest expanse

A second hydrocarbon boom threatens the Peruvian Amazon: trends, projections, and policy implications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finer, Matt; Orta-Martinez, Marti

2010-01-01

The Peruvian Amazon is home to extraordinary biological and cultural diversity, and vast swaths of this mega-diverse region remain largely intact. Recent analysis indicates, however, that the rapid proliferation of oil and gas exploration zones now threatens the region's biodiversity, indigenous peoples, and wilderness areas. To better elucidate this dynamic situation, we analyzed official Peruvian government hydrocarbon information and generated a quantitative analysis of the past, present, and future of oil and gas activities in the Peruvian Amazon. We document an extensive hydrocarbon history for the region-over 104 000 km of seismic lines and 679 exploratory and production wells-highlighted by a major exploration boom in the early 1970s. We show that an unprecedented 48.6% of the Peruvian Amazon has been recently covered by oil and gas concessions, up from just 7.1% in 2003. These oil and gas concessions overlap 17.1% of the Peruvian Amazon protected area system and over half of all titled indigenous lands. Moreover, we found that up to 72% of the Peruvian Amazon has been zoned for hydrocarbon activities (concessions plus technical evaluation agreements and proposed concessions) in the past two years, and over 84% at some point during the past 40 years. We project that the recent rapid proliferation of hydrocarbon zones will lead to a second exploration boom, characterized by over 20 000 km of new seismic testing and construction of over 180 new exploratory wells in remote, intact, and sensitive forest areas. As the Peruvian Amazon oil frontier rapidly expands, we conclude that a rigorous policy debate is urgently needed in order to avoid the major environmental impacts associated with the first exploration boom of the 1970s and to minimize the social conflict that recently led to deadly encounters between indigenous protesters and government forces.

Untangling the proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar.

Science.gov (United States)

Lim, Cheng Ling; Prescott, Graham W; De Alban, Jose Don T; Ziegler, Alan D; Webb, Edward L

2017-12-01

Political transitions often trigger substantial environmental changes. In particular, deforestation can result from the complex interplay among the components of a system-actors, institutions, and existing policies-adapting to new opportunities. A dynamic conceptual map of system components is particularly useful for systems in which multiple actors, each with different worldviews and motivations, may be simultaneously trying to alter different facets of the system, unaware of the impacts on other components. In Myanmar, a global biodiversity hotspot with the largest forest area in mainland Southeast Asia, ongoing political and economic reforms are likely to change the dynamics of deforestation drivers. A fundamental conceptual map of these dynamics is therefore a prerequisite for interventions to reduce deforestation. We used a system-dynamics approach and causal-network analysis to determine the proximate causes and underlying drivers of forest loss and degradation in Myanmar from 1995 to 2016 and to articulate the linkages among them. Proximate causes included infrastructure development, timber extraction, and agricultural expansion. These were stimulated primarily by formal agricultural, logging, mining, and hydropower concessions and economic investment and social issues relating to civil war and land tenure. Reform of land laws, the link between natural resource extraction and civil war, and the allocation of agricultural concessions will influence the extent of future forest loss and degradation in Myanmar. The causal-network analysis identified priority areas for policy interventions, for example, creating a public registry of land-concession holders to deter corruption in concession allocation. We recommend application of this analytical approach to other countries, particularly those undergoing political transition, to inform policy interventions to reduce forest loss and degradation. © 2017 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley

Awarding legal and Union legal specifications for the routing and operation of district heating pipelines in the public street space; Vergabe- und unionsrechtliche Vorgaben fuer die Verlegung und den Betrieb von Fernwaermeleitungen im oeffentlichen Strassenraum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reidt, Olaf

2012-08-15

The contribution under consideration deals with the question which requirements arise from the national competition and procurement law under EU law for the construction, the continued existence and operation of district heating pipes in public streets. In particular, the question will be whether the planned signing of a concession agreement or the imminent expiry of a fixed-term concession agreement are to be made known throughout the Union. Various constellations in the district heating sector will comment on whether the EU law procurement directives require the compliance with the antitrust laws. Then the requirements of the European primary law are presented for such cases in which the public procurement directives and the cartel procurement law are not relevant.

Law 19.126. It dictate Regulatory standards about Mining of great bearing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

It statute rules for regulating mining projects of great size, ownership, location, related mining activities, mine closure plan, exploitation concession contract, taxation regime, canon, infractions and sanctions

Conservation performance of different conservation governance regimes in the Peruvian Amazon.

Science.gov (United States)

Schleicher, Judith; Peres, Carlos A; Amano, Tatsuya; Llactayo, William; Leader-Williams, Nigel

2017-09-12

State-controlled protected areas (PAs) have dominated conservation strategies globally, yet their performance relative to other governance regimes is rarely assessed comprehensively. Furthermore, performance indicators of forest PAs are typically restricted to deforestation, although the extent of forest degradation is greater. We address these shortfalls through an empirical impact evaluation of state PAs, Indigenous Territories (ITs), and civil society and private Conservation Concessions (CCs) on deforestation and degradation throughout the Peruvian Amazon. We integrated remote-sensing data with environmental and socio-economic datasets, and used propensity-score matching to assess: (i) how deforestation and degradation varied across governance regimes between 2006-2011; (ii) their proximate drivers; and (iii) whether state PAs, CCs and ITs avoided deforestation and degradation compared with logging and mining concessions, and the unprotected landscape. CCs, state PAs, and ITs all avoided deforestation and degradation compared to analogous areas in the unprotected landscape. CCs and ITs were on average more effective in this respect than state PAs, showing that local governance can be equally or more effective than centralized state regimes. However, there were no consistent differences between conservation governance regimes when matched to logging and mining concessions. Future impact assessments would therefore benefit from further disentangling governance regimes across unprotected land.

Market risks and oilfield ownership - Refining oil and gas disclosures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kretzschmar, Gavin L.; Hatherly, David; Misund, Bard

2007-01-01

Market risk exposures of balance sheet asset values are becoming an increasingly important accounting issue. In oil and gas, oilfield exposures to oil prices are specific and contractual, presenting a contingency problem for investors, financial analysts, standard setting bodies and government agencies. Our paper uses an extensive sample of 292 oilfields to provide evidence that the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) supplementary disclosures do not capture the price sensitivities of oil and gas disclosures implicit in the two main forms of oilfield ownership, concession and production sharing contracts (PSCs). Current asset disclosures neither distinguish between global variations in oilfield ownership terms, nor on market risk implications for the value of oilfield assets. Importantly, we show that unlike concessions, reserve and production disclosures vary in response to oil price movements for PSC regimes. Our results highlight the need to differentiate PSC disclosures from concession fields, and to fully reflect price risks implicit in oilfield ownership contracts. We extend findings by Rajgopal [1999. Early evidence on the informativeness of the SEC's market risk disclosures: the case of commodity price risk exposure of oil and gas producers. The Accounting Review 74, 251-280] and propose refinements to capture market risk in financial reporting. (author)

49 CFR 23.29 - What monitoring and compliance procedures must recipients follow?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS ACDBE Programs § 23.29 What monitoring... agreements and management contracts, the enforcement mechanisms, and other means you use to ensure compliance...

Economically Feasible Potentials for Wind Power in China and the US

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, X.; McElroy, M. B.; Chris, N. P.; Tchou, J.

2011-12-01

The present study is intended to explore the economic feasible potentials for wind energy in China and the U.S. subject to their policy systems for renewable energy. These two countries were chosen as subject locales for three reasons: first, they are the two largest countries responsible for energy consumption and CO2 emissions; second, these two countries have the largest installed capacities and the fastest annual growth of wind power in the world; third, China and the U.S. have adopted two distinct but representative incentive policies to accelerate exploitation of the renewable energy source from wind. Investments in large-scale wind farms in China gain privileges from the concession policy established under China's Renewable Energy Law. The electricity generated from wind can be sold at a guaranteed price for a concession period (typically the first ten operational years of a wind farm) to ensure the profitability of the wind farm development. The effectiveness of this policy has been evidenced by the swift growth of total installed capacities for wind power over the past five years in China. A spatial financial model was developed to evaluate the bus-bar prices of wind-generated electricity in China following this wind concession policy. The results indicated that wind could accommodate all of the demand for electricity projected for 2030 assuming a guaranteed bus-bar price of 7.6 U.S. Cents per kWh over the concession period. It is noteworthy that the prices of wind-generated electricity could be as cheap as conventional power generation in the years following the concession period. The power market in the U.S. is more deregulated and electricity is normally traded in a bidding process an hour to a day ahead of real time. Accordingly, the market-oriented policy instrument of PTC subsidies was instituted in the U.S. to ensure the competitiveness of wind power compared to the conventional power generation in the regional power markets. The spatial financial

49 CFR 23.57 - What happens if a recipient falls short of meeting its overall goals?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Goals, Good Faith Efforts, and... if you have failed to administer your ACDBE program in good faith. (b) If your ACDBE participation...

49 CFR 23.75 - Can recipients enter into long-term, exclusive agreements with concessionaires?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Other Provisions § 23.75 Can... delivery space, “back-of-the-house facilities” such as kitchens, window display space, advertising space...

A boost to the French hydraulic plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

A plan for boosting the hydroelectric power generation in France is presented, the first step of an energy policy based on the conclusions of the Grenelle Environnement Forum which targets a 23 percent objective for the renewable energies in France by 2020. Hydroelectricity represents nowadays 12 percent of total electric power generation. The plan is composed of three parts: attribution of concessions will be opened to competition (concessions of the 400 largest dams will be renewed); investments in dams will be strongly encouraged and assisted by the government in order to increase France's hydraulic power generation capacities and enhance its security of power supply - small and micro hydraulic power generation is to be developed; the quality of river waters will be improved

49 CFR 23.53 - How do car rental companies count ACDBE participation toward their goals?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Goals, Good Faith Efforts, and... must also submit to the recipient documentation of the good faith efforts you have made to obtain ACDBE...

47 CFR 22.936 - Dismissal of applications in cellular renewal proceedings.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... is sought. (4) “Other consideration” consists of financial concessions, including, but not limited to, the transfer of assets or the provision of tangible pecuniary benefit, as well as non-financial...

Competitive bidding tactics for new exploration concessions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hawley, P.D.; Bramley, A.D.; Castellani, J.M.

1992-01-01

In some (mostly developing) countries, oil companies compete for new exploration agreements by bidding the key economic parameters. Companies are faced with a trade off between profitability of potential discoveries and probability of winning the bid. The authors believe that an increasing number of companies are making generous offers in order to win bids, in the expectation of being able to renegotiate economic terms if they make a discovery. This tactic is hard to recognize and may have a good chance of success, due to the strength of the oil company's bargaining position upon discovery. However, the tactic damages the performance of the E and P industry in developing countries --- for governments and companies alike. This paper reports that the means of combating tactical underbidding rest largely with governments and national oil companies in making better contracts and taking a cautious approach to the evaluation of bids. Reputable companies can contribute to the process by emphasizing that their bids are formulated in good faith and based on sound commercial considerations

Competitive bidding tactics for new exploration concessions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hawley, P.W.; Bramley, A.D.; Castellani, J.M. [Little (Arthur D.), London (United Kingdom)

1994-12-31

In some (mostly developing) countries, oil companies compete for new exploration agreements by bidding the key economic parameters. We believe that an increasing number of companies are making generous offers in order to win bids, in the expectation of being able to renegotiate economic terms if they make a discovery. However, the tactic damages the performance of the E and P industry in developing countries - for governments and companies alike. The means of combating `tactical overbidding` rests largely with governments and national oil companies in making better contracts and taking a cautious approach to the evaluation of bids. Reputable companies can contribute to the process by emphasising that their bids are formulated in good faith and based on sound commercial considerations. (author)

Competitive bidding tactics for new exploration concessions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hawley, P.W.; Bramley, A.D.; Castellani, J.M.

1994-01-01

In some (mostly developing) countries, oil companies compete for new exploration agreements by bidding the key economic parameters. We believe that an increasing number of companies are making generous offers in order to win bids, in the expectation of being able to renegotiate economic terms if they make a discovery. However, the tactic damages the performance of the E and P industry in developing countries - for governments and companies alike. The means of combating 'tactical overbidding' rests largely with governments and national oil companies in making better contracts and taking a cautious approach to the evaluation of bids. Reputable companies can contribute to the process by emphasising that their bids are formulated in good faith and based on sound commercial considerations. (author)

36 CFR 51.3 - How are terms defined in this part?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... of higher authority than the official that made the disputed decision. A franchise fee is the... as agreeing to all of the minimum requirements of the proposed concession contract and prospectus and...

Rationality and contradictions in the competition for concessions. A (second) contribution to the Joint Practical Guide of the German Federal Cartel Office and Federal Network Agency for the allocation of electricity and gas concession tolerated and to change the concessionaire of 21 May 2015; Rationalitaet und Widersprueche im Wettbewerb um Konzessionen. Ein (zweiter) Beitrag zum Gemeinsamen Leitfaden von Bundeskartellamt und Bundesnetzagentur zur Vergabe von Strom- und Gaskonzessionsvertraegen und zum Wechsel des Konzessionsnehmers vom 21. Mai 2015

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steinbeck, David; Templin, Wolf [Boos Hummel und Wegerich Rechtsanwaelte, Berlin (Germany)

2015-08-15

This article follows to an essay in the ZNER of 2011 (S. 121 et seq.) for the first Joint Practical Guide of the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) and Federal Cartel Office (FCO) from the year 2010, in which the authors had attested authorities a good ''step towards to more competition ''. In the essay is examined and shown that the Joint practical guide from the year 2010 this target could meet and what effect the now in its second edition newly revised guidelines on competition to distribution networks may have. The revision of the guidelines will be given to municipalities further action assistance to the hand, but - with few exceptions - only reproduces the jurisprudence of the staked legal framework. One proposed solution for the more diverse existing problems remains undone, whereas new problem areas are put up in several places. Nevertheless, the will of the authorities is to recognize, to avoid legal problems in the concession process and net acquisitions from the outset. [German] Dieser Beitrag knuepft an einen Aufsatz in der ZNER 2011 (S. 121 ff.) zum ersten Gemeinsamen Leitfaden von Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA) und Bundeskartellamt (BKartA) aus dem Jahre 2010 an, in dem die Autoren den Behoerden einen richtigen ''Schritt hin zu mehr Wettbewerb'' attestiert hatten. In der Abhandlung wird untersucht und dargestellt, ob der Gemeinsame Leitfaden aus dem Jahr 2010 diesem Ziel gerecht werden konnte und welche Auswirkungen der nunmehr in der zweiten Auflage neu ueberarbeitete Leitfaden auf den Wettbewerb um Verteilnetze haben kann. Die Ueberarbeitung des Leitfadens wird den Kommunen eine weitere Handlungshilfe an die Hand gegeben, die aber - bis auf wenige Ausnahmen - den durch die Rechtsprechung abgesteckten Rechtsrahmen nur wiedergibt. Ein Loesungsvorschlag fuer die noch vielfaeltig bestehenden Probleme unterbleibt, wohingegen an mehreren Stellen neue Problemfelder aufgemacht werden. Gleichwohl ist der Wille der Behoerden

Proceedings from a workshop on Sustainable forest management in tropical forests of Guyana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hagner, Mats [ed.] [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeaa (Sweden). Dept. of Silviculture; Maluenda, J. [ed.] [ORGUT Consulting AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

1998-12-31

Guyana officials were certain that an efficient forest management could yield economic benefits to the country, while still allowing for the sustainability of its forest resources. Standards will be set in a Code of Practice (COP). Lectures, presented in the proceeding, were mixed with group discussions and finally the 26 participants gave their written view of `What has to be done in Guyana and by whom?`. Amerindians wanted their own foresters should be recruited to oversee the activities on their own land. Bushmilling need to be controlled but not banned. Monitoring timber products and control of hunting should be stricter. COP should set standards for the residual stand. Environmental Protection Agency wanted more research and training, with aim of self-monitoring capability for forest users. Forest Products Association recommended government to co-operate for refinement of: training, mapping of resources, harvesting plans, concession agreements, road building, and bushmilling. Forestry Commission wanted concession allocation procedures to be reviewed: zonation of chainsaw activities, protection of small-scale operators, management plans. COP should be revised and tested in practice. Suggestion about standards for residual stand should be considered. ORGUT Lecturers recommended a standard for residual stand, a vertical and horizontal spot density measure. Based on that the concession holder could harvest what, where and when be preferred and chose the most efficient technique

Proceedings from a workshop on Sustainable forest management in tropical forests of Guyana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hagner, Mats [ed.; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeaa (Sweden). Dept. of Silviculture; Maluenda, J [ed.; ORGUT Consulting AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

1999-12-31

Guyana officials were certain that an efficient forest management could yield economic benefits to the country, while still allowing for the sustainability of its forest resources. Standards will be set in a Code of Practice (COP). Lectures, presented in the proceeding, were mixed with group discussions and finally the 26 participants gave their written view of `What has to be done in Guyana and by whom?`. Amerindians wanted their own foresters should be recruited to oversee the activities on their own land. Bushmilling need to be controlled but not banned. Monitoring timber products and control of hunting should be stricter. COP should set standards for the residual stand. Environmental Protection Agency wanted more research and training, with aim of self-monitoring capability for forest users. Forest Products Association recommended government to co-operate for refinement of: training, mapping of resources, harvesting plans, concession agreements, road building, and bushmilling. Forestry Commission wanted concession allocation procedures to be reviewed: zonation of chainsaw activities, protection of small-scale operators, management plans. COP should be revised and tested in practice. Suggestion about standards for residual stand should be considered. ORGUT Lecturers recommended a standard for residual stand, a vertical and horizontal spot density measure. Based on that the concession holder could harvest what, where and when be preferred and chose the most efficient technique

The Rise and Fall in Out-of-Pocket Costs in Australia: An Analysis of the Strengthening Medicare Reforms.

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Chun Yee; Greene, Jessica; Dolja-Gore, Xenia; van Gool, Kees

2017-08-01

After a period of steady decline, out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for general practitioner (GP) consultations in Australia began increasing in the mid-1990s. Following the rising community concerns about the increasing costs, the Australian Government introduced the Strengthening Medicare reforms in 2004 and 2005, which included a targeted incentive for GPs to charge zero OOP costs for consultations provided to children and concession cardholders (older adults and the poor), as well as an increase in the reimbursement for all GP visits. This paper examines the impact of those reforms using longitudinal survey and administrative data from a large national sample of women. The findings suggest that the reforms were effective in reducing OOP costs by an average of $A0.40 per visit. Decreases in OOP costs, however, were not evenly distributed. Those with higher pre-reform OOP costs had the biggest reductions in OOP costs, as did those with concession cards. However, results also reveal increases in OOP costs for most people without a concession card. The analysis suggests that there has been considerable heterogeneity in GP responses to the reforms, which has led to substantial changes in the fees charged by doctors and, as a result, the OOP costs incurred by different population groups. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

36 CFR 51.83 - Sale of Native Handicrafts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... labeled or denoted authentic native handicrafts from the concession contract's franchise fee. (b) The sale..., Public Law 101-644, as amended. (c) Definitions. (1) Alaska Native means any citizen of the United States...

Legal empowerment for accountable, just and equitable governance ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Large land areas in Cameroon are under agribusiness and logging concessions. While private sector investments hold out promise for green development and ... social inequality, promote greater gender parity, and empower women and girls.

Carbon emissions from Southeast Asian peatlands will increase despite emission-reduction schemes.

Science.gov (United States)

Wijedasa, Lahiru S; Sloan, Sean; Page, Susan E; Clements, Gopalasamy R; Lupascu, Massimo; Evans, Theodore A

2018-06-01

Carbon emissions from drained peatlands converted to agriculture in Southeast Asia (i.e. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo) are globally significant and increasing. Here, we map the growth of Southeast Asian peatland agriculture and estimate CO 2 emissions due to peat drainage in relation to official land-use plans with a focus on the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) related Indonesian moratorium on granting new concession licenses for industrial agriculture and logging. We find that, prior to 2010, 35% of Southeast Asian peatlands had been converted to agriculture, principally by smallholder farmers (15% of original peat extent) and industrial oil palm plantations (14%). These conversions resulted in 1.46-6.43 GtCO 2 of emissions between 1990 and 2010. This legacy of historical clearances on deep peat areas will contribute 51% (4.43-11.45 GtCO 2 ) of projected peatland CO 2 emissions over the period 2010-2130. In Indonesia, which hosts most of the region's peatland and where concession maps are publicly available, 70% of peatland conversion to agriculture occurred outside of known concessions for industrial plantation development, with smallholders accounting for 60% and industrial oil palm accounting for 34%. Of the remaining Indonesian peatswamp forest (PSF), 45% is not protected, and its conversion would amount to CO 2 emissions equivalent to 0.7-2.3% (5.14-14.93 Gt) of global fossil fuel and cement emissions released between 1990-2010. Of the peatland extent included in the moratorium, 48% was no longer forested, and of the PSF included 40-48% is likely to be affected by drainage impacts from agricultural areas and will emit CO 2 over time. We suggest that recent legislation and policy in Indonesia could provide a means of meaningful emission reductions if focused on revised land-use planning, PSF conservation both inside and outside agricultural concessions, and the development of agricultural practices based on

LBA-ECO TG-07 Ground-based Biometry Data at km 83 Site, Tapajos National Forest: 1997

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — A field inventory of trees was conducted in March of 1997 in a logging concession at the Tapajos National Forest, south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. The inventory was...

Law no. 2003-8 from January 3, 2003 relative to the gas and electricity markets and to the energy public utilities; Loi no. 2003-8 du 3 janvier 2003 relative aux marches du gaz et de l'electricite et au service public de l'energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-01-01

This law adopted by the French house of commons and senate defines the conditions of opening of the French natural gas market to the international competition. In particular it defines: the conditions of access to the natural gas distribution networks (eligible clients, suppliers, assignees, contracts, right of access, derogations..); the transparency and the regulation of the natural gas sector (tariffing, book keeping, controls..); the gas public utility (obligations, conventions, national observatory of the gas and electric utilities); natural gas transport and distribution (network safety and maintenance, technical specifications, concessions, authorizations etc..); the underground storage (facilities, concessions, exploitation, safety, permits); the controls and sanctions; the dispositions relative to the electric public utility (funds of amortization, electrification charges, competition, contracts, renewable energy sources); the fees for electricity and gas transportation and distribution. (J.S.)

Industry brief letter; Itochu, eiryo hokkai no yuden kaihatsuken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Acquisition of oil exploitation concession by C. Ito and Co. in the North Sea owned by U.K. C. Ito in cooperation with 3 European oil companies acquired the exploitation and development concession of the oil mine in the North Sea owned by the U.K. This oil field has maximum possible deposit of 100 million bbl to be mined, and will be shifted to commercial production in 2003. C. Ito positions resources development as a core of the management, and engages in oil field exploitation business in Indonesia and Azerbaijan in addition to the North Sea, which makes this firm the largest oil producing unit by means of self-exploitation among Japanese trading companies. The aim of C. Ito is to leave behind other trading companies which are severely competing with. (translated by NEDO)

Retrofitting of the hydro-power installation of Vicques, Switzerland; Rehabilitation de la centrale de Vicques, Emile Aebin SA. Etude d'avant-projet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-04-15

This technical report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on work involved in obtaining a new concession for the use of the water in the mill canal in Vicques, Switzerland on the Scheulte river. The author states that the existing concession for use is not optimal and should be optimised. A window of opportunity exists as a new river protection law requires a higher residual water flow rate and the creation of a fish passage facility. The paper discusses how the production of electrical energy could be doubled. The existing installation is described. Details of existing conduits and the installed power generator are presented. The measures proposed for the renewal of the hydro-power plant are described. An annex includes a copy of the construction plans.

29 CFR 2200.120 - Settlement procedure.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... or other representative of a party what concessions his or her client should consider and assess... cooperate fully within the spirit of this rule may result in the imposition of sanctions under § 2200.101...

Open Pit Optimisation and Design: A Stepwise Approach*

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Michael

2015-12-02

Dec 2, 2015 ... The erstwhile Nkroful Mining Limited (NML) had a concession with an approximate area of 47.84 km2 ... exploration drilling programme executed by NML ..... Strategic Planning ... the Nkroful Gold Mining Project, Western.

Public-Private Partnership Potential in Property Management of Russia and Belarus Union State

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A P Vihrjan

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The article describes a possibility of implementation of an institute of public-private partnership, mainly concessions, as a notable component of management system of the Union State's of Russia and Belarus Property.

49 CFR 23.43 - What are the consultation requirements in the development of recipients' overall goals?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Transportation PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Goals, Good Faith... women's business groups, community organizations, trade associations representing concessionaires... businesses, the effects of discrimination on opportunities for ACDBEs, and the recipient's efforts to...

49 CFR 23.49 - What is the base for a recipient's goal for car rentals?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Goals, Good Faith Efforts, and Counting § 23.49 What is the base for a recipient's goal for car rentals? Except in the case where you use the alternative goal...

Morbidade subjacente à concessão de benefício por incapacidade temporária para o trabalho Morbidity leading to temporary work disability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernadete M Boff

2002-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar os agravos à saúde subjacentes à concessão de benefício por incapacidade temporária, na população trabalhadora segurada. MÉTODOS: Foram recuperados do banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS todos os benefícios do tipo auxílio-doença previdenciário (E-31 concedidos no ano de 1998 aos trabalhadores de Porto Alegre, RS. Os Códigos de Classificação Internacional de Doenças atribuídos à condição subjacente à incapacidade no exame pericial inicial (aX1 foram utilizados para descrever as principais causas e os grupos de causas subjacentes à incapacidade. RESULTADOS: Foram concedidos 6.898 benefícios E-31: 1.486 (22% por "causas externas"; 1.181 (17% por "convalescência após cirurgia" (34% por causas gastrointestinais, 26% genitourinárias, 11% osteomusculares e 10% por causas externas; e 4.119 (61% por "condições clínicas" (24,8% por doenças osteomusculares, 18,9% por doenças mentais e 16,2% por doenças cardiovasculares. Comparadas a estudo realizado no Brasil em 1986, as causas externas passaram da quarta para a primeira posição como determinante de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Acidentes e violências, doenças osteomusculares e doenças mentais -- as três primeiras causas de incapacidade identificadas -- estão potencialmente associadas à piora da qualidade de vida e de trabalho registrada no período e merecem atenção prioritária (preventiva e assistencial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS. O estudo demonstra a viabilidade da utilização do banco de dados do INSS para estudos de morbidade.INTRODUCTION: To identify health conditions leading to benefits due to temporary work disability in a population of insured workers. METHODS: International Classification of Diseases (ICD codes for conditions resulting in temporary work-disability (E-31 were retrieved from the National Institute of Social Security (INSS data bank in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in

Search Results | Page 906 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 9051 - 9060 of 9580 ... ... hectares as economic land concession (ELC) to 118 local and ... Cambodia stands as one of the most youthful countries in the Asia Pacific Region. ... Modeling the determinants of job satisfaction in Vietnam.

The Political Economy of Part-Time Academic Work in Canada.

Science.gov (United States)

Rajagopal, Indhu; Farr, William D.

1989-01-01

Under continuing financial stringency, the university administration negotiates concessions with full-time faculty to satisfy their interests and maintain the stability of the system. Part-timers, excluded from the collegium, remain peripheral to these arrangements. (Author/MLW)

Practical issues in structuring seismic licensing and acquisition agreements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lawrence, M.A.

1999-01-01

Some issues facing the geophysical industry in the area of licensing and acquisition agreements are discussed, focusing on a very large business segment of the industry called 'non-exclusive' seismic data (commonly referred to as SPEC data). A historical perspective of the industry in the Gulf of Mexico is presented, highlighting some important aspects of data licenses. The benefits of licensing three-dimensional data to the exploration industry include: (1) economy of scale, (2) 3-D is more affordable, (3) reduced barriers to entry by independents, and (4) improved success rates and reduced risk. A list of 'SPEC' companies in the Gulf of Mexico is provided and the data licensing process is outlined. There are two basic types of seismic data use licenses. The first is for a single, one-time transaction, and the other (which is more prevalent), covers multiple use licenses contemplated over a period of time. This paper briefly outlined the meaning of some important terms usually found in a license agreement, among them ownership, rights of licensee, term, disclosure to third parties, and transfer. International 'SPEC' programs and the requirements for a successful 'SPEC' program are described. The requirements include: a stable host government, reliable, competitive system of concession offerings, long term scheduled offerings, clear, consistent, and acceptable concession terms to oil and gas companies, and consistent, fair and timely method of evaluating bids and awarding concessions. 001CA9901758

Renewal of the small hydro power plant 'La Foulaz' on the river Orbe in Vallorbe, Switzerland; Rehabilitation de la petite centrale hydroelectrique de la Foulaz sur l'Orbe a Vallorbe. Etude d'avant projet - Rapport final

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chenal, R.; Denis, V. [La Foulaz Energies SA, Vallorbe (Switzerland); Chuat, O. [RWB Eau et Environnement SA, Cernier (Switzerland)

2009-08-15

For now nearly four centuries, hydro power is used on the site named 'La Foulaz' on the river Orbe in the Vallorbe municipal territory. The existing small-scale hydro power plant is under neglect since 1970, although it enjoys a permanent water usage concession of 4.2 m{sup 3}/s. Since June 2008 the company 'La Foulaz Energie SA' owns the site and the water concession and is planning the renewal of the hydro power plant. The plan is to replace the existing permanent water flow rate usage concession by a higher water flow rate usage one of reasonable but limited duration. Reliable hydrological data are available from the Swiss Federal Administration as well as from the electricity utility 'Romande Energie SA' that operates the 'La Dernier' hydro power plant located up-stream. According to these data the design flow rate of 10 m{sup 3}/s has been selected for the new 'La Foulaz' plant. The available water head for the turbine is in the range 1.46 to 3-00 m, depending on the flow rate in the river Orbe. The average annual power production is estimated to 708,000 kWh. The peak electrical power would be 164 kW. With a cost recovery time of 25 years the production cost is estimated to 25 Swiss cents/kWh. This just enables to balance the budget. (author)

Commercial Consolidation Model Applied to Transport Infrastructure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guilherme de Aragão, J.J.; Santos Fontes Pereira, L. dos; Yamashita, Y.

2016-07-01

Since the 1990s, transport concessions, including public-private partnerships (PPPs), have been increasingly adopted by governments as an alternative for financing and operations in public investments, especially in transport infrastructure. The advantage pointed out by proponents of these models lies in merging the expertise and capital of the private sector to the public interest. Several arrangements are possible and have been employed in different cases. After the duration of the first PPP contracts in transportation, many authors have analyzed the success and failure factors of partnerships. The occurrence of failures in some stages of the process can greatly encumber the public administration, incurring losses to the fiscal responsibility of the competent bodies. This article aims to propose a new commercial consolidation model applied to transport infrastructure to ensure fiscal sustainability and overcome the weaknesses of current models. Initially, a systematic review of the literature covering studies on transport concessions between 1990 and 2015 is offered, where the different approaches between various countries are compared and the critical success factors indicated in the studies are identified. In the subsequent part of the paper, an approach for the commercial consolidation of the infrastructure concessions is presented, where the concessionary is paid following a finalistic performance model, which includes the overall fiscal balance of regional growth. Finally, the papers analyses the usefulness of the model in coping with the critical success factors explained before. (Author)

La "Concesión Vascongada" y los antecedentes de la línea ferroviaria del Norte (1844-1855

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Larrinaga Rodríguez

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Tras promulgarse la Real Orden de 31 de diciembre de 1844, que pasó a regular las concesiones ferroviarias, la burguesía de Vizcaya solicitó la concesión de una línea férrea entre Madrid e Irún pasando por Bilbao con el objeto de mejorar sus comunicaciones con el norte de Castilla. Fue la llamada «Concesión Vascongada», la cual, con el tiempo, llegaría a convertirse en el antecedente de la futura línea del Norte. La iniciativa, sin embargo, no tuvo éxito. Precisamente en este artículo se pretenden estudiar las causas de este fracaso, así como las grandes expectativas que un proyecto de estas características generó en el norte de España.After being declared the Real Order in December 31st 1844, ttiat regulates the railway concessions, the middie class of Biscay, requested the concession of a Une between Madrid and Irun, passing through Bilbao, aiming to improve the Communications with the north of Castile. This one was callad «the Basque concession» and in the course of the time, became the antecedent of the futuro Une of the North. However, this initiative was not successful. We want to study in this paper the reasons of this failure, as well as the great expectations this project created in the North of Spain.

Is it attractive the exploration and exploitation contract of natural gas for the investment private in Colombia?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-01-01

The paper is about the new concession contract implanted by the National Agency of Hydrocarbons, whose objective is the increasing the competitiveness of the country in the international level to attract national and foreign, private or public investment

Chiudo la porta e m' arrabio! Gli effetti interpersonali delle emozioni nelle trattative pubbliche e private [I close the door and get angry! The interpersonal effects of emotions in public and private negotiations

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pietroni, D.; van Kleef, G.A.; Steinel, W.; Rumiati, R.

2008-01-01

Negotiators' emotions strongly affect counterparts' behavioral reactions. In particular, some research show that, compared to happy negotiators, angry negotiators get higher concessions, whereas other research indicate that happiness pays more than anger. This incongruence has been spelled out

Towards a reference architecture for a collaborative intelligent transport system infrastructure

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Osório, A.L.; Afsarmanesh, H.; Camarinha-Matos, L.M.

2010-01-01

The intelligent transport systems, which aim at providing smarter transport infrastructures and sustainable mobility, are deeply grounded on the Information and Communication Technologies. Current trends in the development of integrated complex systems, such as integrated road/highway concessions

Politically explosive

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1979-01-01

Argentina will award the concession for 'ATUCHA II' to KWU even without an agreement on a heavy-water system. A declaration of interest will soon be signed by KWU and the Argentine atomic energy commission, CNEA. (RW) [de

Social and Zootechnical Organization of Dairy Products Management under Sahelian Conditions: The Milk Sphere. Case of the Senegal River Delta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Corniaux

2008-01-01

Full Text Available In a Sahelian environment, the concession is a common, social, but also complex organization. An example is provided by dairy products management in pastoral and agropastoral environments. A schema of the social and zootechnical organization of such management was developed based on field work concerning farmers living in the Senegal River delta. Milking is a crucial step of milk management. It helps to shape the “milk sphere”, which contains both livestock and people who drive them. The proposed model distinguished different decision making levels: that of milkers/farmers who decided on milked quantities (production, and that of women collectors who decided individually if milked milk was for self-consumption, trade or gift. Besides, the present model helped avoid the common trap of confusing herd manager or concession head with dairy farm head.

Unitization in Brazil: controversial issues; Unitizacao no Brasil: questoes controversas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bucheb, Jose Alberto [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

One of the main consequences of the growing number of the tendered blocks is the increasing probability of the discovery of oil and gas accumulations that extends through more than one concession. In these cases, the Brazilian Petroleum Law determines that the concessionaires of the adjoining blocks shall agree on the unitization of the production. In this context, the negotiations of the first agreements have brought some controversies not yet resolved. The first one is related to the instrument that will define the basis of the unitization process in case of non-agreement within the maximum period established by the ANP. Another issue still in discussion relates to the scope of the unitization process: field, block, vertical prism of indeterminate depth, vertical prism of determinate depth or reservoir (accumulation). Additionally, the unitization involving concessions with different local content commitments is analyzed. (author)

Swartlintjies (CW4)

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Estuarine and Coastal Research Unit, ECRU

1981-04-01

Full Text Available The estuary falls within a strict security area of the Koingnaas mining concession of De Beers Consolidated Diamond Mines. Due to the active mining operations in the immediate vicinity of the estuary, security clearance is required...

pdf2xml

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

added tax levied on imported tropical timber alone (Counsell et al. ..... 60% of logging concessions in the Malaysian state of Sarawak were owned or run by ...... The first FSC principle is of special relevance to illegal logging and trade practices.

Facts publication. Norwegian petroleum activities 1998; Faktaheftet. Norsk petroleumsvirksomhet 1998

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaarde, Kjetil (ed.)

1998-04-01

This is an annual publication by the Norwegian Ministry of Industry and Energy of statistical data on petroleum resources, exploration, development, production and revenue. However, it also includes analyses and comments, and sections on history, the environment, legislation, concession etc.

Facts publication. Norwegian petroleum activities 1997; Faktaheftet. Norsk petroleumsvirksomhet 1997

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaarde, Kjetil (ed.)

1997-02-01

This is an annual publication by the Norwegian Ministry of Industry and Energy of statistical data on petroleum resources, exploration, development, production and revenue. However, it also includes analyses and comments, and sections on history, the environment, legislation, concession etc.

Facts publication. Norwegian petroleum activities 1996; Faktaheftet 1996. Norsk petroleumsvirksomhet 1996

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westgaard, Tom (ed.)

1996-02-01

This is an annual publication by the Norwegian Ministry of Industry and Energy of statistical data on petroleum resources, exploration, development, production and revenue. However, it also includes analyses and comments, and sections on history, the environment, legislation, concession etc.

Strategic role of transport in BRICS group of countries and lessons for South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mokonyama, Mathetha T

2013-07-01

Full Text Available stations. o Expansion of the rail network. o Setting up manufacturing plants for rolling stock. o Widening of historically narrow roads in urban areas. o Concessions agreements for roads developments. o Greenfields ports development. o India- Myanmar...

Initiative to introduce a performance-based standards (PBS) approach for heavy vehicle design and operations in South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Nordengen, Paul A

2008-05-01

Full Text Available The introduction of PBS for heavy vehicles in South Africa was first identified in the National Overload Control Strategy as a potential concession of a proposed Self-regulation initiative. In August 2004 a PBS committee was established...

49 CFR 23.25 - What measures must recipients include in their ACDBE programs to ensure nondiscriminatory...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN... race-neutral measures you can implement: (1) Locating and identifying ACDBEs and other small businesses...) Ensuring that competitors for concession opportunities are informed during pre-solicitation meetings about...

Power generation and distribution concessions in remote areas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Servant, Monica

1999-01-01

The question is to show how it is possible, in the context of an in-depth reform process like the one that was implemented in Argentina, to envisage a reality that, at first, had not been envisaged. And clearly this problem implies focusing on Argentina's territory, the development component of the current infrastructure, the population component, and the social component. In Argentina, we have between two and three million inhabitants who have no access to electric power service. Various public services in these rural areas do not have electricity service, and it is impossible to think in terms of economic rationality if we wish to extend the service network for this type of users. This is the situation that we are observing in the different provinces of Argentina. Clearly, in Argentina, we have always been proud of our level of electrification, but we never effectively locked at what would be outside the networks and, indeed, there are market cases that are highly developed in terms of networks but that also have a large population without supply. The big surprise, for example, is the province of Buenos Aires, one of the provinces with the highest density of networks and that has a very significant volume of population without any electric power service. (The author)

The Drug war: Diplomatic and Security Implications for Mexico and the United States

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-10

The PRI electoral gains will make it impossible for President Calderon to push significant reforms through without serious concessions to the PRI-if...August 2002), 5. 83 GLOSSARY Commission Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH). Mexico’s National Commission on Human Rights. Counter-drug

7 CFR 502.9 - Soliciting, vending, debt collection, and distribution of handbills.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

...) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON BELTSVILLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER... display or distribution of commercial advertising, or the collecting of private debts, in or on BARC..., health, and other purposes sponsored or approved by the Agricultural Research Service, concessions, or...

Agricultural investments and farmer-fulani pastoralist conflict in West African drylands : A northern Ghanaian case study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Soeters, Sebastiaan; Weesie, Ruben; Zoomers, Annelies

2017-01-01

In the Global South, there is a push to drive agricultural modernisation processes through private sector investments. In West African drylands, land concessions are required for such agri-businesses are often negotiated through customary authorities, and inject large amounts of money into localised

Legal analysis of assignments of law in the industry of oil and natural gas; Analise juridica das cessoes de direito nos contratos de concessao da industria do petroleo e gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, Rayssa Cunha; Silveira Neto, Otacilio dos Santos; Xavier, Yanko Marcius de Alencar [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This study has the objective to examine, even briefly, some issues related to the Assignments carried out by the Industry of Oil and Natural Gas (IONG). To that end, it was made a brief explanation about the oil market after its flexibility and entry of new private agents in the market, as well as about the main tasks of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels - ANP in the conclusion of the concession contracts for the IONG, making a parallel between the species, as well as discussions about the legal nature of the latter, presenting some doctrinal positions that reflects these differences. Then, shows the institute of Assignment of rights of the concession contracts for the IONG, bringing its concept and characteristics, its legal and constitutional forecast, their legal treatment and established procedure in the contracts, highlighting its importance for the market dynamics of oil and natural gas. (author)

Three Kinds of Fish

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høst, Jeppe Engset

2012-01-01

There are three kinds of fish. Fish you were given, fish you bought and fish you lease. This might sound a bit odd, but it is nevertheless the basis for the activities of Danish commercial fishers since the introduction of transferable fishing concessions (TFCs) in 2007. In the current 2012 reform...... of market based systems are wild speculation, concentration and monopolization of fishing access and subsequent leasing with fishing communities and new entrants very likely being worse off (see for example the chapter “From fishing rights to financial derivatives” is this volume or Olson 2011; Sumaila 2010...... will examine five Danish fishing operations and discuss how they have reacted in different ways to the newly introduced system of transferable fishing concessions. By introducing TFCs as a solution to fleet overcapacity, the EU Commission will also be introducing a system where buying, selling and leasing...

Kayak Club

CERN Multimedia

Kayak Club

2014-01-01

                        Canoë Kayak CERN (CKC)   Le Partenariat entre la concession Ford Pays de Gex du groupe Maurin et le Canoë kayak CERN (CKC), s'est concrétisé le jeudi 12 juin lors de la livraison du Ford transit Custom que la concession met à disposition du club pour favoriser le développement  de ses activités dans le bassin Lémanique,  eau vive sur le bassin d'Etrembières et Chancy , eau plate à Aire-la-Ville et le lac Leman, ou encore le Dragon boat à Divonne les Bains. Pour la remise des clés, Philippe Murgia directeur commercial Ford Pays de Gex, Olivier Barriere président du CKC et Yann Dunant jeune stagiaire a...

On US politics and IMF lending

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Thomas Barnebeck; Harr, Thomas; Tarp, Finn

2006-01-01

The political factors shaping IMF lending to developing countries have attracted attention in recent empirical work. This goes in particular for the role and influence of the US. However, scant formal modelling makes interpretation of empirical results difficult. In this paper, we propose a model...... in which the US acts as principal within the IMF and seeks to maximize its impact on the policy stance of debtor countries. We derive an optimal loan allocation mechanism, which leads to the testable hypothesis that the probability of an IMF loan is increasing in the amount of political concessions...... countries make. A political concession is defined as the distance between a country's bliss point and its actual policy stance measured relative to the US. We introduce a bliss-point proxy and demonstrate that our hypothesis is strongly supported in the data. Moreover, we show that not accounting for bliss...

Acompanhamento hospitalar: direito ou concessão ao usuário hospitalizado? Hospital treatment: right or concession to the hospitalized user?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ieda Cristina Pereira Sanches

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção e as dificuldades ao exercício do acompanhamento hospitalar nas unidades de internação cirúrgica de um hospital público do município de Niterói, RJ, sob a ótica do usuário internado e discuti-las à luz dos conceitos da Análise Institucional (AI. Manter os vínculos afetivos e sociais do indivíduo hospitalizado é fundamental e incentivado pelas políticas públicas de saúde. No entanto, são necessárias discussões a respeito de como tirar proveito máximo desta possibilidade. A pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizou as técnicas de entrevista semiestruturada e observação de campo. Os dados foram categorizados através da Análise de Conteúdo. Identificamos 03 núcleos temáticos para discussão: presença da enfermagem para atendimento às solicitações, ruídos na comunicação entre os acompanhantes e a enfermagem e condições de conforto ao acompanhante. Concluímos que os estudos referentes à presença do acompanhante junto ao usuário internado tornam indispensável a inclusão dos segmentos de acompanhantes e equipe de enfermagem nas discussões e a criação de estratégias que torne este direito do usuário uma realidade.The study sought to understand - from the viewpoint of the hospitalized user - the perception and the difficulties involved in administering hospital attendance in surgical inpatient units at a public hospital in the city of Niteroi, R.J., and discuss them in light of the concepts of Institutional Analysis (IA. Maintaining the emotional and social bonds of the hospitalized individual is essential and is encouraged by public health policies. However, discussions are needed about how to take maximum advantage of this possibility. In the descriptive research using a qualitative approach, the techniques of semi-structured interviews and field observations were used and the resulting data were classified using Content Analysis. Three thematic areas were identified for discussion, namely the presence of nurses for care requests, interference in communication between the companions and nurses, and the conditions of comfort afforded to the companion. The conclusions drawn from the studies relating to the presence of the companion together with the hospitalized user are that it is indispensable to include companions and the nursing team in the discussions and the creation of strategies to make this user right a reality.

Causes of ransom private railways in the Russian Empire during the reign of Alexander III

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavel A. Gurianov

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This article focuses on a number of reasons, redemption of private railways in the Russian Empire during the reign of Alexander III. Preconditions for this step. After the defeat in the Crimean War, the state began to consider two basic ways construction of railways: the expense of the treasury at the expense of private capital, including foreign ones. Attempts to organize joint capital of private foreign and domestic on the example of the main Russian Railway Company ended sadly. Foreign capital is mainly interested in speculation on the Russian stock exchange, as a result the majority of the company's shares went to the Russian capital. To support the private Russian capital the government has gone the way of the guarantee capital, in certain cases, as a joint stock or bond or one of the types of capital. When distribution concessions were not crucial economic factors, and the proximity to the elite or the corruption component. Often concession won by those who offered the lowest price, which affects the quality of railway construction in the country. As a result of the concession is not got the most professionally trained people who are almost entirely the burden shifted to the state, and profits for the most part getting any private owners. As a result, such practice is ruinous for the Treasury forced the government to buy back a significant portion of private railways on acceptable terms. As a result, initially malpractice and corruption safeguards prevent a real manifestation of self-employment initiatives

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Ethiopia's Succession ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tadesse Kassa Woldetsadik

2013-06-01

Jun 1, 2013 ... Dam concessions engendered detrimental impacts on Ethiopia's riparian rights ... control works on the Aswan High and the Roseires dams. Disturbed by the ... hegemonic control that would inevitably ensue from construction of the Dam ...... Projects Implementation Division AAAID, Sudan, p.1. 39 Ibid.

7 CFR 501.8 - Soliciting, vending, debt collection, and distribution of handbills.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... distribution of commercial advertising, or the collecting of private debts, in or on Research Center property...) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CONDUCT ON U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, CLAY..., and other purposes sponsored or approved by the Agricultural Research Service, concessions, or...

Slavery and information: a model with applications to ancient Rome

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dari-Mattiacci, G.

2011-01-01

In ancient Rome, masters often used expensive "carrots" (rewards) instead of "sticks" (physical punishments) in order to induce their slaves to work. Moreover, the magnitude of the rewards varied significantly, ranging from better living conditions to the concession of freedom or the possibility to

49 CFR 23.77 - Does this part preempt local requirements?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Section 23.77 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Other Provisions § 23.77 Does this part preempt local...) You must clearly identify any State or local law, regulation, or policy pertaining to minority, women...

Empowerment evaluation at the Stanford University School of Medicine: using a critical friend to improve the clerkship experience Evaluación de Concesión Legal de Poder de la Escuela de medicina de la Universidad de Stanford: usando un amigo crítico para mejorar la experiencia en la residencia Avaliação da concessão legal de poder da escola de medicina da Universidade de Stanford: usando um amigo crítico para melhorar a experiência na residência

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Fetterman

2009-06-01

amigo crítico fue solicitado a responder a las preocupaciones de los alumnos, resultó en aumento significante en la clasificación de los alumnos.A avaliação de concessão legal de poder foi adotada pela Escola de Medicina da Universidade de Stanford para participar da reforma curricular. Também foi usada para preparar um credenciamento em um site de visita. A avaliação de concessão legal de poder é uma forma guiada de autoavaliação. Ela foi selecionada, pois os princípios e práticas de avaliação legal de poder correspondem harmoniosamente à natureza colaborativa e participativa da reforma curricular na escola. Este artigo destaca uma das mais importantes características da avaliação de concessão legal de poder: o amigo crítico. Este indivíduo possui experiência em avaliação, porém serve como instrutor, conselheiro e guia em vez de "o perito". A avaliação está nas mãos das pessoas do programa, porém o amigo crítico ajuda a manter o bom caminho e a rigorosidade. Como um indicador da importância desse papel, as avaliações dos alunos nas escalas de residência selecionadas, onde um amigo crítico foi solicitado para responder às preocupações dos alunos, resultou em um aumento significante na classificação dos alunos.

Public private partnership construction project disputes in Nigeria ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This research examines the possibility of operating a smooth Public Private Partnership (PPP) project for the entire concession period following financial closure, without recourse to litigation or arbitration for settlement of disputes by studying the causes and effects of disputes in construction projects procured in Nigeria ...

77 FR 16857 - Notice of Continuation of Visitor Services

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-22

... terms and conditions of the current contract as amended. The continuation of operations does not affect... Services AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Public notice. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the terms of the listed existing concession contract, the National Park Service hereby gives notice that it has...

48 CFR 515.408 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... fiscal year: $____. State beginning and ending of the 12 month period. Beginning ____ ending ____. In the... Government equal to or better than your best price (discount and concessions in any combination) offered to... standard commercial sales practices disclosed in the above chart ever result in better discounts (lower...

1-Otye Elom.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

chifaou.amzat

20 août 2011 ... La ville de Yaoundé est remarquable pour son cosmopolitisme. ..... concessions, estime que ceux qui viennent après ne doivent pas lui faire de ... Il va de soi que la privatisation de l'espace public dans la ville de Yaoundé,.

A note on high discount rates and depletion of primary forests

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bulte, E; vanSoest, D

1996-01-01

Conventional wisdom implies that high discount rates accelerate depletion of tropical forests. As shown in this article, this result does not necessarily hold in a two-state variable model that distinguishes between primary and secondary forest stocks. In the context of a fixed concession period and

77 FR 59221 - Information Collection Activities: Timpanogos Cave National Monument Visitor and Community Survey

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-26

... of how each of the above management issue affects their overall quality of visit experience. Visitors... collect visitors and local community members' perceptions and evaluations of four management issues (1... management issues: (1) Cave tour size and frequency. (2) Ticketing process and fees. (3) Concession service...

Renegotiating Public-Private Partnerships

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Miranda Sarmento, J.J.; Renneboog, Luc

2017-01-01

The renegotiations of public–private partnership (PPP) contracts are commonly considered to be one of the pitfalls of PPPs, as they tend to undermine their (ex ante) efficiency. A renegotiation occurs when specific events change the conditions of a concession, frequently leading to a financial claim

BANANAS III (ARTIC

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Fr. Ikenga

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the international legal personality ... Introduction ... The second section .... Concessions - basically deal with tariffs and fiscal policies .... Secondly, it may reject such application where the covered agreement ... the principles and procedures set out in Article 22.3 DSU had not been ...

Capital structure as a bargaining tool : the role of leverage in contract renegotiation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Perotti, E.C.; Spier, K.E.

1993-01-01

This paper presents a strategic model of temporarily high leverage. When the repayment of senior claims depends in part upon further investment, shareholders may be able to alter credibly their incentives to invest through an exchange of junior debt for equity and thereby force concessions from

Perceptions of a Changing World Induce Hope and Promote Peace in Intractable Conflicts

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen-Chen, Smadar; Crisp, Richard J.; Halperin, Eran

2015-01-01

The importance of hope in promoting conciliatory attitudes has been asserted in the field of conflict resolution. However, little is known about conditions inducing hope, especially in intractable conflicts, where reference to the outgroup may backfire. In the current research, five studies yielded convergent support for the hypothesis that hope for peace stems from a general perception of the world as changing. In Study 1, coders observed associations between belief in a changing world, hope regarding peace, and support for concessions. Study 2 revealed the hypothesized relations using self-reported measures. Studies 3 and 4 established causality by instilling a perception of the world as changing (vs. unchanging) using narrative and drawing manipulations. Study 5 compared the changing world message with a control condition during conflict escalation. Across studies, although the specific context was not referred to, the belief in a changing world increased support for concessions through hope for peace. PMID:25713171

Las implicaciones del procedimiento de la vía rápida en el Congreso de Estados Unidos para la integración de las Américas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Acua

2004-06-01

Full Text Available The present article effects an analysis of the obstacles imposed by the United States Congress on the trade policy of President George Bush with reference to negotiating new agreements to establish free trade areas with the country’s main trading partners. The article seeks to explain how internal differences regarding trade liberalization were resolved by President George Bush through specific concessions to certain congressmen, and thus addresses the process of internal negotiation between the executive and legislative branches of the US government during the passing of Fast–Track in 2001–2002. The paper also analyzes previous negotiations for the signing of agreements between the United States and Israel, and with Canada and Mexico (NAFTA so as to highlight the protectionist tendency of the US Congress and the increasingly important concessions that the executive branch has to make in order to obtain the authorization of the legislative branch in negotiations with other countries.

Perceptions of a changing world induce hope and promote peace in intractable conflicts.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen-Chen, Smadar; Crisp, Richard J; Halperin, Eran

2015-04-01

The importance of hope in promoting conciliatory attitudes has been asserted in the field of conflict resolution. However, little is known about conditions inducing hope, especially in intractable conflicts, where reference to the outgroup may backfire. In the current research, five studies yielded convergent support for the hypothesis that hope for peace stems from a general perception of the world as changing. In Study 1, coders observed associations between belief in a changing world, hope regarding peace, and support for concessions. Study 2 revealed the hypothesized relations using self-reported measures. Studies 3 and 4 established causality by instilling a perception of the world as changing (vs. unchanging) using narrative and drawing manipulations. Study 5 compared the changing world message with a control condition during conflict escalation. Across studies, although the specific context was not referred to, the belief in a changing world increased support for concessions through hope for peace. © 2015 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Social Injustice from The Presence of the Bauxite Mining Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fatmawati Fatmawati

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This study aims to examine the forms of social injustice by the presence of mining companies and local residents in the Tayan Hilir, Sanggau. This study used a qualitative approach accomplished through a descriptive method, and which was then analyzed using qualitative analysis to describe the form of social injustice for society by the presence of mining companies. Results of the study explained that point on begins the social injustice originated from government policies that tend to favor the mining entrepreneurs. With the capital and support of the state, these persons are in superior position to act half “forceful” against the society’s land concessions. On the other hand, society who does not possess the knowledge and power become the injured party. It is based on the reality that occurs when land concessions in Embaloh and Semerah Hamlet (Dusun which were not in accordance with the contractual agreement. Relocation offered by the company was far off and there are no public facilities.

Hydraulic and marine energies. Market evolution and perspectives on the medium term for the sector actors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2015-01-01

In its first part, this report proposes an analysis of the hydraulic and marine energy sector and of its perspectives through the identification of its main activity determining factors, a presentation of the activity evolution until 2015, and a discussion of the process of concession renewal, and of the development of small hydroelectric projects. The second part presents and comments the financial performance of enterprises belonging to the sector, and the third part an overview of highlights and of development focuses of operators (increase of production capacities, concession renewals, international development, and diversification in other renewable energies). The third part reports an analysis of the sector context: structural brakes and drivers, hydraulic world market, hydraulic French market. The three last parts propose an analysis of the sector economic structure and of actors, data sheet for operators, equipment manufacturers and engineering companies, and economic and financial indicators for 192 operators which allow a comparative overview of these actors

Innovations and Support Institutions: the 1st Geographical Indication in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yohanna Vieira Juk

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The Geographical Indication (GI is an intellectual property instrument that may allow the adoption of innovations through the appreciation and insertion of origin labeled products in the market. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the role of GI in the specific case of its concession in the Brazilian wine industry. Strategies embraced by producers and a national research institution (Embrapa Uva e Vinho were aligned to international trends of technological patterns of wine production, noticing the GI as an instrument that could allow the entrance in the wine market as well as could increased the competition. The present analysis aims to prove the validation of this protection mechanism as an instrument that stimulates innovation (productive, organizational or marketing oriented, highlighting the role of support institutions and their possible impacts in the local scope, and also affecting institutional aspects that coordinate the concession of GI in a macro level.

Amount and type of derelict gear from the declining black pearl oyster aquaculture in Ahe atoll lagoon, French Polynesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Andréfouët, Serge; Thomas, Yoann; Lo, Cedrik

2014-06-15

Pearl oyster aquaculture is a major activity in French Polynesia atoll lagoons. After the economic decline that characterized the last decade, concerns recently rose about discarded installations and materials that supported aquaculture practices and by facilities abandoned after they had to close their activities. In May 2013, a first inventory of the type and amount of pearl farms derelict gear (PFDG) was achieved on 47 sites in Ahe lagoon. Surveys were conducted within and outside the boundaries of aquaculture concessions. Twenty types of PFDG littered the lagoon floor and the water column. The most impacted areas were near abandoned grafting houses with up to nine types of PFDG. Forty-five percent of the sites were impacted, including outside concessions. While management authorities are fully aware of the problem, this first assessment is a wake-up call to stimulate the cleaning of lagoons, enhance awareness among farmers, and identify potential ecological consequences on lagoon ecosystems. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Negotiators who give too much: unmitigated communion, relational anxieties, and economic costs in distributive and integrative bargaining.

Science.gov (United States)

Amanatullah, Emily T; Morris, Michael W; Curhan, Jared R

2008-09-01

A series of studies found that the personality dimension of unmitigated communion (H. L. Fritz & V. S. Helgeson, 1998) leads negotiators to make concessions to avoid straining relationships. Results indicate that even within the population of successful business executives, this dimension of relational anxiety can be identified distinctly from more general relational orientations, such as agreeableness, and that it distinctly predicts accommodating tendencies in everyday conflicts. In economic games, unmitigated communion predicts giving in contexts in which the relational norm of reciprocity applies, but not in contexts tapping instrumental or altruistic motives for cooperation. In distributive negotiations, the effect of unmitigated communion in lowering a negotiator's outcome is mediated by prenegotiation anxieties about relational strain and plans to make large concessions if needed to avoid impasse (lower reservation points). In integrative negotiations, high unmitigated communion on both sides of the negotiation dyad results in relational accommodation, evidenced by decreased success in maximizing economic joint gain but increased subjective satisfaction with the relationship.

Como levar o Supremo Tribunal Federal a sério: sobre a suspensão de tutela antecipada n. 91 How to take the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Brazilian Federal Supreme Court seriously: on the suspension of advance claim rights' concession n. 91

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Karam de Chueiri

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo analisa a suspensão da tutela antecipada n. 91 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, sob a perspectiva da teoria de Ronald Dworkin, relativamente à compreensão da necessária adoção de uma postura crítico-construtiva (política pelo Poder Judiciário, especialmente pela jurisdição constitucional. Neste sentido, toda decisão proferida pela Corte em favor de um direito fundamental deve prevalecer, desde que fundamentada em argumentos de princípio e que seja coerente com o sistema constitucional. Daí a idéia de que existem respostas certas no direito e que estas são melhores do que as que oferece tanto o convencionalismo jurídico, quanto o pragmatismo jurídico. A questão que se coloca é acerca da legitimidade da Corte, leia-se do Supremo Tribunal Federal, para ter a última palavra sobre as decisões (políticas do executivo e do legislativo, especialmente em relação às políticas públicas de governo por eles promovidas.This article aims at analyzing the suspension by Brazilian Federal Supreme Court of the suspension of advance claim rights' concession n. 91 under the perspective of Ronald Dworkin's theory, concerning the understanding that it is necessary for judiciary power to have a critical and construtive (political attitude in order to decide, especially for constitutional courts. In this sense, every decision rendered by the court in favor of a fundamental right must prevail, once it is founded on arguments of principle and it is coherent with the constitutional system. There, it follows the idea that there are right answers in law and that these are better than those offered by legal conventionalism or legal pragmatism. Then, ir also follows the question about the legitimacy of the court, that is, does the Supremo Tribunal Federal should have the last word on decisions of the executive and legislative powers, especially concerning their public policies?

17 CFR 229.101 - (Item 101) Description of business.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... of current or future operations of the segment. Comparative financial information shall be included..., trademarks, licenses, franchises and concessions held. (v) The extent to which the business of the segment is... areas may not be indicative of current or future operations. To the extent necessary to the discussion...

Goudafzettingen in Suriname (Gold deposits in Surinam)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brinck, J.W.

1956-01-01

THE GOLD DEPOSITS IN SURINAM AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONCESSIONS THROUGH THE COUNTRY The fieldwork on the occurrence of primary and secondary gold deposits in Surinam on which this thesis is based was carried out by order of the Welfare Fund Surinam (Welvaarts Fonds Suriname) during the periods

Local organizations and energy: economics and policy of a new public utility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

The deregulation of the electric power and natural gas markets in France has changed the situation of monopoly of power and gas suppliers. This book is a speech for the defence of competition development between energy suppliers together with a respect of public utilities using concessions. (J.S.)

Some Environmental Issues of Inland Valleys: A Case Study | Asiam ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study concluded that inland valleys can be real environmental liability because produce from such valleys can be polluted and hence can be a source of social conflict particularly when they fringe mineral concessions as the adverse impacts could be unfortunately attributed to mining activity and similar land uses.

Transparency, consultation and conflict: Assessing the micro-level risks surrounding the drive to develop Peru's Amazonian oil and gas resources

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haselip, James Arthur

2011-01-01

. In the case of Peru, this is especially relevant to the vast areas of ecologically sensitive and previously under-developed Amazonia that are now under concession to oil and gas companies. Low levels of industry transparency combined with a lack of uniform free, prior and informed consent are exacerbating...

Publications | Page 55 | IDRC - International Development Research ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 541 - 550 of 6341 ... Impacts of formal and informal wood exports on Cambodian economy : input output analysis; final draft (restricted access). The Cambodian government allowed 1,204,750 hectares as economic land concession (ELC) to 118 local and international companies. Global Witness reported that 2.6 ...

Deconstructing the 'energy weapon': Russia's threat to Europe as case study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith Stegen, Karen, E-mail: k.smithstegen@jacobs-university.de [Jacobs University Bremen (Germany); Bremer Energie Institut (Germany)

2011-10-15

As the likelihood increases that Russia will dominate the European Union's (EU) energy supply, questions have emerged as to whether Russia would use the energy weapon to influence EU member policies and extract political concessions. Countervailing voices argue that Russia would be restricted by interdependence and market forces. As of yet, no one has analyzed the assumptions underlying the energy weapon thesis. Moreover, many scholars examining EU-Russian energy relations rely on non-Russian data. This article seeks to fill several informational and theoretical gaps by including Russian sources and first-hand data and by systematically analyzing the conditions that must obtain before an energy supplier can successfully convert its energy resources into political power. The resulting model can be utilized to analyze the capacity of a supplier to use the energy weapon-whether it be Russia, Iran, Venezuela or any other energy heavyweight-and to assess whether the deployment was successful. Five purported cases of Russian manipulation are analyzed in this article and the findings indicate that, more often than not, Russia failed to achieve political concessions. Looking to the future, the plausibility of Russia using the energy weapon to exploit Europe's dependence, particularly on gas, is also examined. - Highlights: > Energy producers may manipulate supply and prices to coerce political concessions. > Energy weapon model: four conditions must obtain for successful deployment. > Western policy-makers worry about EU dependence on and vulnerability to Russia. > Analysis of five Russian cases reveals tenuous link between weapon use and success. > In medium term, EU can likely avoid yielding political autonomy for supply security.

Deconstructing the 'energy weapon': Russia's threat to Europe as case study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith Stegen, Karen

2011-01-01

As the likelihood increases that Russia will dominate the European Union's (EU) energy supply, questions have emerged as to whether Russia would use the energy weapon to influence EU member policies and extract political concessions. Countervailing voices argue that Russia would be restricted by interdependence and market forces. As of yet, no one has analyzed the assumptions underlying the energy weapon thesis. Moreover, many scholars examining EU-Russian energy relations rely on non-Russian data. This article seeks to fill several informational and theoretical gaps by including Russian sources and first-hand data and by systematically analyzing the conditions that must obtain before an energy supplier can successfully convert its energy resources into political power. The resulting model can be utilized to analyze the capacity of a supplier to use the energy weapon-whether it be Russia, Iran, Venezuela or any other energy heavyweight-and to assess whether the deployment was successful. Five purported cases of Russian manipulation are analyzed in this article and the findings indicate that, more often than not, Russia failed to achieve political concessions. Looking to the future, the plausibility of Russia using the energy weapon to exploit Europe's dependence, particularly on gas, is also examined. - Highlights: → Energy producers may manipulate supply and prices to coerce political concessions. → Energy weapon model: four conditions must obtain for successful deployment. → Western policy-makers worry about EU dependence on and vulnerability to Russia. → Analysis of five Russian cases reveals tenuous link between weapon use and success. → In medium term, EU can likely avoid yielding political autonomy for supply security.

Post-Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement: Policy and Practice Implications for Social Workers

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, Trenette T.; Sparks, Michele Jones; McDonald, Theresa M.; Dickerson, Janet D.

2011-01-01

The 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) was developed between states and tobacco manufacturers to settle the states' lawsuits against tobacco manufacturers and recover tobacco health-related costs. States won billions of dollars and concessions regarding how tobacco products could be advertised. The purpose of the MSA was to prevent…

Alternative business models for forest - dependent communities in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The dominant mode of business practice in the African forest sector – especially in the high forest cover regions – comes in the form of concessionaires operating on publicly held lands. Increasingly, however, the concession - based model is being challenged. Is it socially and environmentally sustainable? Does it lead to ...

75 FR 15470 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-29

...-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change FINRA is proposing... (Disclosure of Price and Concessions in Selling Agreements) and the deletion of NASD Rule 2770 (Disclosure of Price in Selling Agreements). FINRA Rule 5160 was approved by the Commission on January 25, 2010 \\5\\ and...

23 CFR 710.701 - Purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 710.701 Section 710.701 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ENVIRONMENT RIGHT-OF-WAY AND REAL ESTATE Concession Agreements § 710.701 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to prescribe the standards...

NREL technical assistance to Argentina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lilienthal, P. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)

1997-12-01

This paper describes assistance to Argentina from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory which has touched on four programs: tariff analysis for rural concessions programs; wind/diesel hybrid retrofits in Patagonia; small hybrid systems designs for rural schools; an assessment of wind resources. The paper expands briefly on the first two points.

Regeneration in canopy gaps of tierra-firme forest in the Peruvian Amazon

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Karsten, Rune Juelsborg; Jovanovic, Milos; Meilby, Henrik

2013-01-01

the regeneration dynamics of logging gaps with naturally occuring canopy gaps. In the concession of Consorcio Forestal Amazonico in the region of Ucayali in the Peruvian Amazon, a total of 210 circular sample plots were established in 35 gaps in unmanaged natural forest and 35 canopy gaps in forest managed...

29 CFR 779.259 - What is included in annual gross volume.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... requirements for exemption from the pay provisions of the Act under section 13(a)(2), does not exclude the... establishment is a part. (c) Likewise, where franchise or other arrangements result in the creation of a larger... integral part of the related activities of the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession...

36 CFR 51.11 - May the Director amend, extend, or cancel a prospectus or solicitation?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., extend, or cancel a prospectus or solicitation? 51.11 Section 51.11 Parks, Forests, and Public Property... Procedures § 51.11 May the Director amend, extend, or cancel a prospectus or solicitation? The Director may... cancel a solicitation at any time prior to award of the concession contract if the Director determines in...

29 CFR 779.229 - Other arrangements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., Franchise and Other Business Arrangements § 779.229 Other arrangements. With respect to those arrangements...” establishment will be considered a part of the same “enterprise.” For example, whether a franchise, lease, or... the enterprise which grants the franchise, right, or concession. (S. Rept. 145, 87th Cong., 1st Sess...

45 CFR 149.100 - Amount of reimbursement.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Amount of reimbursement. 149.100 Section 149.100... REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EARLY RETIREE REINSURANCE PROGRAM Reinsurance Amounts § 149.100 Amount of reimbursement... reimbursement in the amount of 80 percent of the costs for health benefits (net of negotiated price concessions...

49 CFR 23.45 - What are the requirements for submitting overall goal information to the FAA?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Transportation PARTICIPATION OF DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS Goals, Good Faith... schedule: (1) If you are a large or medium hub primary airport on April 21, 2005, by January 1, 2006. You must make your next submissions by October 1, 2008. (2) If you are a small hub primary airport on April...

36 CFR 51.1 - What does this part cover?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... and supplemented, 16 U.S.C. 1 et seq. and Title IV of the National Parks Omnibus Management Act of...) to provide visitor services in park areas. All concession contracts are to be consistent with the... contracts to authorize the provision of visitor services in park areas, except as may otherwise be...

Enduring Consequences of Right-Wing Extremism: Klan Mobilization and Homicides in Southern Counties

Science.gov (United States)

McVeigh, Rory; Cunningham, David

2012-01-01

Research on the consequences of social movements typically aims to identify determinants of success or to draw attention to ways that social movements are able to secure new benefits for constituents by gaining concessions from political authorities. Yet social movements, even those that are ultimately defeated, may have an enduring impact on the…

Tropic Testing of Vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

2014-08-27

kilometer track running through tropical forest. The track is a combination of a bauxite /dirt base with grades on the road up to 20 percent and log...bridges crossing 11 creeks. The track site is located in a private concession used mainly for gold mining ; however, logging operations are active in the

Philosophy of Education in the World of Twenty-First Century Capitalism: A Response to My "Theory and Research in Education" Critics

Science.gov (United States)

White, John

2015-01-01

This is a reply to six "Theory and Research in Education" commentators on views I expressed in a 2013 "Theory and Research in Education" piece about priorities in philosophy of education today. The first section is about a concession to my critics; the second, about various misconceptions in their views. The third section…

77 FR 71827 - Notice of Extension of Concession Contracts

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-04

... Bears, Inc...... John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Memorial Parkway. ROMO004-03 Silver Peaks Rocky Mountain... National Scenic Riverways. JEFF001-05 Compass Group, NA... Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. [[Page...

78 FR 77709 - Notice of Extension of Concession Contracts

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-24

... Jackson Hole Llamas.... Yellowstone National Park. YELL107-04 Wyoming Backcountry Yellowstone National... Creek Yellowstone National Outfitters, Inc. Park. YELL121-04 Yellowstone Llamas..... Yellowstone...... Yellowstone National Park. YELL168-04 Llama Trips in Yellowstone National Yellowstone. Park. YELL170-04 Rockin...

Credit concession through credit scoring: Analysis and application proposal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oriol Amat

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The study herein develops and tests a credit scoring model which can help financial institutions in assessing credit requests.  Design/methodology/approach: The empirical study has the objective of answering two questions: (1 Which ratios better discriminate the companies based on their being solvent or insolvent? and (2 What is the relative importance of these ratios? To do this, several statistical techniques with a multifactorial focus have been used (Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logit and Probit Models. Several samples of companies have been used in order to obtain and to test the model.  Findings: Through the application of several statistical techniques, the credit scoring model has been proved to be effective in discriminating between good and bad creditors.  Research limitations:  This study focuses on manufacturing, commercial and services companies of all sizes in Spain; Therefore, the conclusions may differ for other geographical locations. Practical implications:  Because credit is one of the main drivers of growth, a solid credit scoring model can help financial institutions assessing to whom to grant credit and to whom not to grant credit. Social implications: Because of the growing importance of credit for our society and the fear of granting it due to the latest financial turmoil, a solid credit scoring model can strengthen the trust toward the financial institutions assessment’s.  Originality/value: There is already a stream of literature related to credit scoring. However, this paper focuses on Spanish firms and proves the results of our model based on real data. The application of the model to detect the probability of default in loans is original.

EDF - 2008: A milestone year in EDF's industrial development, EBITDA of euro 15.4 billion, up +3.7%. 2009: priority to organic growth and asset disposals programme. 2008 results, 2008 Financial report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gadonneix, Pierre

2009-01-01

As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2008 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2008: Consolidated Income Statements; Consolidated Balance Sheets; Consolidated Cash Flow Statements; Changes in Consolidated Equity; Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements: Group accounting standards; Summary of the principal accounting and valuation methods; Regulatory events in France in 2008; Major external growth operations; Other major events and transactions; Changes in the scope of consolidation; Segment reporting; Sales; Fuel and energy purchases; Other external expenses; Contractual obligations and commitments; Personnel expenses; Other operating income and expenses; Prolongation of the transition tariff system (TaRTAM) - Law of August 4, 2008; Impairments / reversals; Other income and expenses; Financial result; Income taxes; Goodwill; Other intangible assets; Property, plant and equipment operated under French public electricity distribution concessions; Property, plant and equipment operated under concessions for other activities; Property, plant and equipment used in generation and other tangible assets owned by the Group; Investments in companies accounted for under the equity method; Current and non-current financial assets; Inventories, including work-in-process; Trade receivables; Other receivables; Cash and cash equivalents; Held-for-sale assets and liabilities; Equity; Provisions; Specific French public electricity distribution concession liabilities for existing assets and assets to be replaced; Current and non

Swiss underground L/ILW repository at Wellenberg: How to proceed following the negative vote of the Canton

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kowalski, E.; Fritschi, M.

1996-01-01

In Switzerland, the process of implementing a low- and intermediate-level waste repository is entering a crucial phase. Progress has been made in the technical and partly also in the political field. After extended investigations, the site of Wellenberg in Canton Nidwalden was selected in June 1993, followed by the submission of an application for a general license to the Swiss Federal Government in June 1994. The general license is only the first step in a comprehensive licensing procedure which consists of federal, cantonal and community licenses. In addition to the > licenses, a special mining concession must be applied for to the Canton, since the repository is considered as a facility which may interfere with hypothetical future mining projects and this falls within the jurisdiction of the Canton. In Canton Nidwalden, the mining concession can only be granted by a vote of the population. The people of the siting community of Wolfenschiessen previously agreed to host the company responsible for constructing and operating the repository (Nuclear Waste Management Cooperative Wellenberg - GNW) by a 63 % affirmative vote. Equally, the necessary community zone planning has been adapted by a 70 % affirmative vote. Unfortunately, the decisive cantonal vote on 25th June 1995 regarding the mining concession was negative by 52.5 %. This created a politically difficult situation, especially with regard to the Federal Government which does not believe that a geologically suitable site should be rejected for political reasons. This paper briefly covers the results of the site selection procedure and the characteristics of the selected site of Wellenberg, as well as the procedure applied to enhance project acceptance. It analyses the reasons for the negative cantonal vote and describes the measures taken to cope with the new situation

Has Wellenberg shown the way, or is it merely postponing the inevitable?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kowalski, E.; Fritschi, M.

2000-01-01

In Switzerland, the current law stipulates that the repositories should provide the required level of safety without requiring active institutional control. Hence, even for short-lived low- and intermediate-level wastes, an underground repository must be provided. The site of Wellenberg in Canton Nidwalden was selected for such a repository in 1994. The people of the siting community of Wolfenschiessen agreed on two occasions in 1994 to host the repository by 63% and 70% affirmative votes. However, the decisive cantonal vote on 25 June 1995 was negative by about 52%. In order to understand the voting motives, an opinion poll was organised after the vote, the results of which provided directions for future action. According to the poll, the people of Nidwalden rejected granting a combined concession for an exploratory drift and the subsequent construction of the repository - a step-wise approach (i.e., a concession for the exploratory drift only in the first step) would have been accepted by 66% of the voters. Another argument was that the waste was assumed not to be retrievable after being emplaced in the repository cavern. 61% would have accepted a repository project optimized to make the waste retrievable. Since the voters apparently did not reject the Wellenberg site as such, but only the content of the concession application (drift and construction at once and the suspected lack of retrievability), GNW decided to modify the project and opt for another vote. This paper briefly describes the selected site of Wellenberg, as well as the procedure applied to enhance project acceptance. It analyses the reasons for the negative cantonal vote and describes the technical and political measures taken to cope with the new situation. (author)

EDF: Solid 2009 results despite a difficult year in France. Improvement in operating performance expected in 2010. 2009 results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-01-01

As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2009 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2009: Consolidated Income Statements; Consolidated Balance Sheets; Consolidated Cash Flow Statements; Changes in Consolidated Equity; Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements: Group accounting standards; Summary of the principal accounting and valuation methods; Regulatory events in France in 2009; Major external growth operations; Other major events and transactions; Changes in the scope of consolidation; Segment reporting; Sales; Fuel and energy purchases; Other external expenses; Contractual obligations and commitments; Personnel expenses; Other operating income and expenses; Prolongation of the transition tariff system (TaRTAM) - Law of August 4, 2008; Impairments / reversals; Other income and expenses; Financial result; Income taxes; Goodwill; Other intangible assets; Property, plant and equipment operated under French public electricity distribution concessions; Property, plant and equipment operated under concessions for other activities; Property, plant and equipment used in generation and other tangible assets owned by the Group; Investments in companies accounted for under the equity method; Current and non-current financial assets; Inventories, including work-in-process; Trade receivables; Other receivables; Cash and cash equivalents; Held-for-sale assets and liabilities; Equity; Provisions; Specific French public electricity distribution concession liabilities for existing assets and assets to be replaced; Current and non

Privatisation of fixed-rail transit systems : a case study of Malaysia's STAR and PUTRA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdul-Aziz, A.R. [St. Malaysia Univ., (Malaysia). School of Housing, Building and Planning

2006-06-15

Malaysia was the first developing country to embrace the idea of privatizing its public utilities in an effort to reduce public expenditure and improve services. Many public utilities were sold in the early 1980s under Malaysia's privatization program. Some, however, have returned to government hands. Among them are the two light-rail transit (LRT) systems in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The main objective of privatization had been to expand transportation capabilities to keep pace with economic development. The private sector was allowed to construct various rail-based mass transportation systems to alleviate vehicular traffic congestion in the city. The STAR and PUTRA light-rail transit systems were built in the 1990s by 2 concession companies at a total cost of US$2.27 billion with the bulk of the expenditure going into infrastructure and rolling stock. Generous financial incentives were offered by the Malaysian government. However, the 2 LRTs suffered below-expectation ridership right from the beginning. Even a reduction in rates to promote greater public use, failed to meet projected ridership figures. The concession companies began defaulting on their loan servicing obligations within months of becoming operational. In 2002, the government took over the operation of the 2 LRT systems. The pre- and post-privatization events of both facilities were chronicled in this paper. It examined how the entire process was administered and tried to rationalize why private ownership of the 2 LRT systems was short-lived. Based on publicly available material, this paper argued that neither the quality of government negotiators nor the length of time devoted to negotiating could be attributed to the bailout. There was no indication that political favouritism and corruption were at play. Rather, the 2 projects proved to be financially unviable, despite the large financial incentives provided to the two concession companies. 83 refs., 5 tabs.

An investigation into driver fatigue on the N3 between Villiers and Warden

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Venter, Karien

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The N3 Toll Concession (Pty) Ltd (N3TC) manages the 420 km of the N3 Route between Heidelberg (Gauteng) and Cedara (KwaZulu-Natal) on behalf of SANRAL. The N3 Route is described as one of the busiest roads in South Africa linking the port of Durban...

Relembrar Braudel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

VIRGILIO ARRAES

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Em face aos novos acontecimentos internacionais, como o atentado de 11 de setembro de 2001 e a concessão do prêmio Nobel de economia a Joseph Stiglitz, a presente análise busca retomar brevemente o pensamento do historiador econômico Fernand Paul Braudel, importante estudioso do capitalismo moderno.

23 CFR 710.709 - Determination of fair market value.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... RIGHT-OF-WAY AND REAL ESTATE Concession Agreements § 710.709 Determination of fair market value. (a) Fair market value may be determined either on a best value basis, highest net present value of the... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of fair market value. 710.709 Section 710...

Search Results | Page 907 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 9061 - 9070 of 9599 ... There is a lack of understanding in the community of Grabouw about what the CWP is. ... Minimum wage in Brazil : a useful policy tool to reduce wage inequality? ... Mobilization for change : the role of the networked public sphere ... hectares as economic land concession (ELC) to 118 local and ...

49 CFR 23.21 - Who must submit an ACDBE program to FAA, and when?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... program, you may implement one plan for all your locations. If you do so, you must establish a separate ACDBE goal for each location. (d) If you make any significant changes to your ACDBE program at any time... DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN AIRPORT CONCESSIONS ACDBE Programs § 23.21 Who must submit an ACDBE program...

723-IJBCS-Article-Marie Nicole Chaungneu G.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR GATSING

1 déc. 2005 ... 2 Musée Ecologique du Millénaire (Muséum d'histoire naturelle). ... Une telle approche de gestion pourrait être mise en application dans le cadre des concessions forestières, .... des ressources dans les espaces agroforestiers ..... autres PFNL à l'exemple de trois principaux ...... DUNOD: Paris, France.

An approach to assessing multicity implementation of healthful food access policy, systems, and environmental changes.

Science.gov (United States)

Silberfarb, Laura Oliven; Savre, Sonja; Geber, Gayle

2014-04-24

Local governments play an increasingly important role in improving residents' access to healthful food and beverages to reduce obesity and chronic disease. Cities can use multiple strategies to improve community health through, for example, land use and zoning policies, city contracting and procurement practices, sponsorship of farmers markets and community gardens, and vending and concession practices in parks and recreation facilities. With 41 cities in the Hennepin County Human Services and Public Health Department jurisdiction, the county undertook to measure the extent to which cities were engaged in making policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes to increase residents' access to healthful food. The results revealed that some cities, particularly those with higher resident demand for healthful food, are making nationally recommended PSE changes, such as sponsoring farmers markets and community gardens. Cities have moved more slowly to make changes in areas with perceived negative cost consequences or lesser public demand, such as parks and recreation vending and concessions. This article describes the assessment process, survey tools, findings, and implications for other health departments seeking to undertake a similar assessment.

O mercado de crédito e a experiência brasileira de financiamento da agricultura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Humberto Francisco S. Spolodor

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar novas opções de financiamento da agricultura brasileira sob o enfoque dos modelos de competição imperfeita e assimetria de informação nos mercados de crédito. A natureza deste trabalho é essencialmente analítica, de forma que não foi estabelecido nenhum modelo empírico de teste e análise dos dados apresentados. A falta de recursos do sistema tradicional de financiamento da agricultura é uma forte evidência do esgotamento do modelo tradicional. São vários os entraves para um novo sistema de financiamento, entre eles: uma legislação muito pouco adequada (que acaba por dificultar a concessão de empréstimos, o forte endividamento ados agricultores, os altos custos bancários de transação para concessão de empréstimos, a assimetria de informação no mercado e, no contexto macroeconômico, as altas taxas de juros praticadas na economia brasileira.

Kuwait

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1995-01-01

In this work are given the principles news concerning petroleum and natural gas in Kuwait. A principle agreement for the renewal of the arabian oil company (AOC) maritime concession for 30 years has been signed by the kuwait government. The AOC currently produces about 295000 barrels of petroleum per day which are mainly exported to Japan. The Kuwait refining capacity will be increased at 875000 barrels per day in the middle 1997 with the completion of the extent and repair works of the Shuaiba refinery. The China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation has achieved a contract of 390 millions of dollars for the two petroleum collecting stations construction of Minagish and Oum Goudair (situated at the west of Kuwait) and which have a production capacity of 190000 and 220000 barrels per day respectively. The Kuwait Petroleum Corporation has just concluded its petroleum and natural gas interest transfer plane by the sale of a few petroleum and mineral concessions in Usa and in south America. (O.L.). 3 Tabs

Health Promotion at the Ballpark.

Science.gov (United States)

Hodges, Bonni C

2017-03-01

The arrival of a new summer collegiate baseball league franchise to a small central New York city was seen as an opportunity for health promotion. The initiative was set up to explore two overarching questions: (1) Are summer collegiate baseball events acceptable to local public health organizations as viable places for health promotion activities addressing local health issues? (2) Are summer collegiate baseball organizations amenable to health promotion activities built in to their fan and/or player experiences? Planning and implementation were guided by precede-proceed, social cognitive theory, social marketing, and diffusion of innovations constructs. Environmental changes were implemented to support healthy eating and nontobacco use by players and fans; four health awareness nights were implemented at home games corresponding to local public health priorities and included public service announcements, between inning quizzes, information dissemination at concession and team market locations, and special guests. Sales and fan feedback support mostly healthy concession offerings and a tobacco-free ballpark; postseason evaluations from team staff and public health partners support continuing the trials of this sports event as a venue for health promotion.

Toronto Civic Workers Bargaining Without a Base: The Significance of 2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlo Fanelli

2014-05-01

Full Text Available This article explores how the politics and economics of austerity has influenced collective bargaining between the CUPE Locals 79/416 and the city of Toronto. I explore the relationship between neoliberalism and workplace precarity, drawing attention to the importance of the municipal public sector to trade unionism and the political potential of urbanized Left-labour radicalism. Following this, I provide an overview of the repeated attempts by City Council to extract concessions from unionized workers with a focus on the concession-filled 2012 round of bargaining and its relationship to earlier rounds. In what follows I discuss the implications of austerity bargaining for Locals 79 and 416 members, drawing attention to the repercussions this may have for other public sector workers. To conclude, I propose an alternative political strategy for municipal public sector unions, stressing the importance of a radicalized labour approach. It is my contention that this requires the development of both alternative policies and an alternative politics rooted in demands for workplace democracy and social justice.

Peru and Brazil: a comparative analysis of E and P licensing models adopted by these countries; Peru e Brasil: um analise comparativa dos modelos de licitacao de E and P adotados por esses paises

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braga, Luciana P.; Ferreira, Sabrina S. [Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This work presents a comparative analysis of the concession process of Oil and Gas Exploratory Blocks adopted in two countries of Latin America: Peru and Brazil, according to the rules of the Bidding Rounds occurred in 2007 (Peru's Bidding Round and 9th Bidding Round, respectively). In order to analyze the two models chosen, we considered, among others, the rules and proceedings adopted, the legal framework, the criteria used to qualify the companies, the number of blocks offered, the number of participating companies, the infra-structure of the event and the offer selection system. Through this analysis it was possible to verify the points which could be improved in each concession process model and it showed significant differences between them, despite the fact of each one is suitable to the reality of each country. It is important to highlight that the exchange of experience between agents of oil and gas sector, in this specific case Perupetro and ANP, contributes a lot to the continued improvement of bidding processes and other practices adopted. (author)

Peru and Brazil: a comparative analysis of E and P licensing models adopted by these countries; Peru e Brasil: um analise comparativa dos modelos de licitacao de E and P adotados por esses paises

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braga, Luciana P; Ferreira, Sabrina S [Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This work presents a comparative analysis of the concession process of Oil and Gas Exploratory Blocks adopted in two countries of Latin America: Peru and Brazil, according to the rules of the Bidding Rounds occurred in 2007 (Peru's Bidding Round and 9th Bidding Round, respectively). In order to analyze the two models chosen, we considered, among others, the rules and proceedings adopted, the legal framework, the criteria used to qualify the companies, the number of blocks offered, the number of participating companies, the infra-structure of the event and the offer selection system. Through this analysis it was possible to verify the points which could be improved in each concession process model and it showed significant differences between them, despite the fact of each one is suitable to the reality of each country. It is important to highlight that the exchange of experience between agents of oil and gas sector, in this specific case Perupetro and ANP, contributes a lot to the continued improvement of bidding processes and other practices adopted. (author)

Strategies of the Game on the Use of BOT Model for the Eco-tourism Enterprises in the Infrastructure Development of Ecological Tourism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang Peitao

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Based on BOT model in the eco-tourism infrastructure and from the perspective of the Eco-tourism Enterprises, this article analyzes the game of the concession periods, the game of the costs and the game between the two to achieve the Maximization of Eco-tourism Enterprises’ profits by using some related theories and methods.

Investment in the Brazilian economy during the crisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Meurer

2012-06-01

Full Text Available In this short article, it is analyzed as to whether financial flows and credit concessions explain the behavior of investment in the Brazilian economy during the 2008 crisis. Beyond the importance of demand, changes in expectations seem to be an important source of instability in investment and, as a consequence, in the economy.

RESTAURANT No. 2 'New Look'

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

The Restaurant Supervisory Committee (CSR) would like to thank the concession-holder for having seen to it that the restaurant and cafétéria will shortly take on a 'new look'. To mark the inuaguration, a little surprise has been prepared for the clientèle at lunch-time on Friday, February 21, 2003. CSR, tel. 77551.

Critical Pedagogy and the Decolonial Option: Challenges to the Inevitability of Capitalism

Science.gov (United States)

Monzó, Lilia D.; McLaren, Peter

2014-01-01

The demise of capitalism was theoretically prophesied by Marx who posited that the world would come to such a state of destruction and human suffering that no amount of coercion or concessions would suffice to stop the massive uprisings that would lead us into a new socialist alternative. Although the downfall of world capitalism may seem…

Nuclear power prospects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Staebler, K.

1994-01-01

The technical, economic and political prospects of nuclear power are described with regard to ecological aspects. The consensus talks, which failed in spite of the fact that they were stripped of emotional elements and in spite of major concessions on the part of the power industry, are discussed with a view to the political and social conditions. (orig.) [de

La langue de la Segunda partida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica CASTILLO LLUCH

2008-06-01

Full Text Available La traduction française de la Segunda partida d’Alphonse X à laquelle nous participons dans le cadre du SIREM nous a amenées à un questionnement linguistique pour et par la traduction. Cet article recueille quelques-unes de ces réflexions. L’étude des conjonctions maguer et comoquier que, dans l’optique de leur traduction en français, nous conduit à nous interroger sur la valeur de ces deux conjonctions et de l’alternance modale dans les phrases concessives qu’elles introduisent. Nous proposons une typologie des phrases concessives, et notamment la distinction entre concessives d’énoncé et concessives d’énonciation pour rendre compte de leurs différences dans le texte de la Segunda partida. Dans la partie « traduire pour comprendre » nous étudions un phénomène difficilement appréciable depuis une perspective monolingue : la puissance anaphorique du pronom personnel objet de 3e personne supérieure en castillan médiéval, comparable à celle d’un démonstratif – phénomène et qui est en accord avec la description théorique qui a été faite de l’histoire du pronom atone comme un processus de grammaticalisation.La versión al francés de la Segunda partida de Alfonso X en la que participamos en el marco del SIREM nos ha conducido a un cuestionamiento lingüístico para y por la traducción. Este artículo recoge algunas de estas reflexiones. La necesidad de traducir al francés las conjunciones maguer y comoquier que nos ha llevado a interesarnos por el valor de estas dos conjunciones y de la alternancia modal en las oraciones concesivas que ambas introducen. Proponemos aquí una tipología de las oraciones concesivas y en particular, la distinción entre concesivas de enunciado y concesivas de enunciación para dar cuenta de sus diferencias en el texto de la Segunda partida. En la parte « traducir para comprender », estudiamos un fenómeno difícilmente apreciable desde una perspectiva monoling

LBA-ECO TG-07 Ground-based Biometry Data at km 83 Site, TapajosNational Forest: 1997

Science.gov (United States)

M.M. Keller; M.W. Palace

2009-01-01

A field inventory of trees was conducted in March of 1997 in a logging concession at the Tapajos National Forest, south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. The inventory was conducted by the foresters and technicians of the Tropical Forest Foundation (FFT) and included all trees with diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 35 cm. Four blocks of approximately 100 ha...

Sediment plume monitoring in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

OpenAIRE

Van den Eynde, D.; Baeye, M.; Fettweis, M.; Francken, F.; Naudts, L.; Van Lancker, V.

2014-01-01

OD Nature has a vast experience in monitoring and modelling Suspended Particulate Matter concentration in shelf areas. In the framework of the JPI-Oceans cruise with the RV Sonne in the Belgian, French and German concession zones for deep-sea mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, this experience will be used to monitor sediments plumes, caused by deep-sea mning exploration activities.

National Economic Development Procedures Manual. Recreation. Volume 3. A Case Study Application of the Contingent Valuation Method for Estimating Urban Recreation Use and Benefits

Science.gov (United States)

1990-11-01

rivers or lakes? YES NO YES NO Went fishing? YES NO YES NO Went skateboarding ? YES NO YES NO Visited outdoor scenic places? YES NO YES NO Used undeveloped...VN SN N SU VU Playground equipment VN SN N SU VU Concessions VN SN N SU VU Bicycle trails VN SN N SU VU Skateboard paths VN SN N SU VU Exercise/fitness

A POSSIBILIDADE DE ALIMENTOS GRAVÍDICOS NAS RELAÇÕES HOMOAFETIVAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola Carina Ferreira da Silva

2017-02-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem por objetivo averiguar a possibilidade da concessão de alimentos gravídicos, direito regulamentado pela lei nº 11.804, de 5 de novembro de 2008, nos casos de relações homoafetivas, tendo como base os contornos atuais tomados pelo Direito de Família, dando enfoque ao princípio da socioafetividade, bem como os direitos fundamentais consagrados no artigo 5º da Constituição Federal. A Relação homoafetiva vem a cada dia ganhando mais visibilidade e com isso tal grupo vem pleiteando direitos, no entanto, é necessário que seja feita uma interpretação sistemática e adaptada do ordenamento jurídico para aplicação ao caso concreto uma vez que este, em sua maior parte, deixou esse grupo a margem das suas redações, como é o caso da lei nº 11.804/08 que institui alimentos gravídicos e traz no seu texto apenas a regulamentação para a concessão a casais formados por pessoas de sexos distintos.

Economic and market feasibility analysis, by the point of view of gas and electrical companies, for replacement of the electric powered showers by the natural gas powered showers in ABC Paulista area; Analise da viabilidade economica e do mercado, do ponto de vista das concessionarias de gas e de energia eletrica, pela substituicao de chuveiros eletricos por gas natural, na area do ABC paulista

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Callari, Roberto [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Rosim, Sidney Olivieri [Rosim e Papaleo Consultoria e Participacoes Ltda. (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The possibility of an exchange of energy for heating residential water should be seen, by the point of view of the concessionaires, as a single market and exclusionary, in which the development of new customers by the concessionaire of electric energy directly involves the development of these non-customers for the distributor of natural gas. The study shows that, under the terms of concession of electricity, the loss of any part of the markets, current and expansion would be attractive only if the natural gas concessionaire could pass part of their earnings with customers users of electric showers that change their profile to the gas heaters, for electrical distribution. Under the terms of the concession to natural gas, the condition of massive investments replacement of electric showers and absorption of growth and expansion entrant with customers, increase the turnover to allow the search of a mechanism for transferring part of that revenue to absorb also customers of electricity. Thus, both the concessionaire of electricity preserve their revenue and, in turn, the concessionaire of natural gas would have an effective gain of revenue for the absorption of the customers of electric showers. (author.

Legal aspects of unitization: a comparative approach; Aspectos juridicos da unitizacao: uma abordagem comparativa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Amanda L. [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The objective of this paper is the study of unitization under a comparative approach between the legal system of some of the most important countries in mature production of oil and gas as well of those which represent the new frontier in exploration and production of these natural resources, and also the provisions regarding unitization in the Brazil's legal system. Firstly, concepts and classifications about unitization, the historical context related to it, and the different doctrines regarding unitization will be analyzed. This analysis will be done considering the concepts developed by American jurisprudence, since it was in the United States where the first thesis regarding unitization were developed, such as the rule of capture and the correlative rights doctrines. Afterwards, it will be presented a study of some unitization's provisions found in different countries' statutes, regulations and contracts such as leases, production sharing agreements, concession contracts etc., being pointed the similarities and differences related to Brazil's legal system. Finally, the national legislation in force as well the Model Concession Contract of ANP's Sixth Round will be analyzed. (author)

Security resolution minute for natural gas distribution pipeline; Minuta de resolucao de seguranca na distribuicao do gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teles, Marcus de Barros [ARCE - Agencia Reguladora de Servicos Publicos Delegados do Estado do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE (Brazil)

2003-07-01

In the current scenery of natural gas distribution regulation, there is no specific resolution about security. The security is boarded in few concession contracts of some private gas companies, but not as principal theme. The security resolution minute presented in this paper aim break the direct and indirect causes of accidents, eliminating their potential. In this new point of view, the quality of services is the principal cause to guarantee the security of natural gas distribution systems. The methodology used to develop the minute was based on the research of Brazilian and American resolutions of state regulation agencies, concession contracts of private distribution gas companies, American code of federal regulation, ASME code for pressure piping B31.8 - 1999 edition and the NBR 12712 standard. The result of the research was the elaboration of an specific minute resolution of security that can be used as reference in the fiscalization of the natural gas distribution piping companies activities. This minute, can be an important instrument to avoid accidents and incidents, eliminating prejudices to the people, to properties, to environment and to the image of natural gas distribution companies and regulation agencies. (author)

Adoecimento mental incapacitante: benefícios previdenciários no Brasil entre 2008-2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Silvestre da Silva Junior

2014-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo dessa comunicação foi analisar a variação do perfil dos benefícios previdenciários por transtornos mentais e comportamentais e sua relação com o trabalho. Foram utilizados dados secundários da Previdência Social brasileira de 2008 a 2011. Foram calculadas taxas de variação média anual no período acerca da população economicamente ativa, número de segurados, benefícios auxílio-doença concedidos em geral e, especificamente, os relativos a transtornos mentais e comportamentais. Os transtornos mentais mantêm-se como a terceira causa das concessões. Houve aumento médio anual de 0,3% de novas concessões, com queda de 2,5% da incidência média anual. Foram considerados relacionados ao trabalho 6,2% dos casos, na média, principalmente decorrentes de transtornos de humor.As autoridades governamentais devem usar os dados da Previdência Social para auxiliar no debate sobre políticas públicas de saúde mental.

Nuclear Symbiosis - A Means to Achieve Sustainable Nuclear Growth while Limiting the Spread of Sensitive Nuclear Technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shropshire, David

2009-01-01

Global growth of nuclear energy in the 21st century is creating new challenges to limit the spread of nuclear technology without hindering adoption in countries now considering nuclear power. Independent nuclear states desire autonomy over energy choices and seek energy independence. However, this independence comes with high costs for development of new indigenous fuel cycle capabilities. Nuclear supplier states and expert groups have proposed fuel supply assurance mechanisms such as fuel take-back services, international enrichment services and fuel banks in exchange for recipient state concessions on the development of sensitive technologies. Nuclear states are slow to accept any concessions to their rights under the Non-Proliferation Treaty. To date, decisions not to develop indigenous fuel cycle capabilities have been driven primarily by economics. However, additional incentives may be required to offset a nuclear state's perceived loss of energy independence. This paper proposes alternative economic development incentives that could help countries decide to forgo development of sensitive nuclear technologies. The incentives are created through a nuclear-centered industrial complex with 'symbiotic' links to indigenous economic opportunities. This paper also describes a practical tool called the 'Nuclear Materials Exchange' for identifying these opportunities.

The state civil responsibility for the concessionaire acts concerning to the environmental damages caused by the petroleum and natural gas economical exploration; A responsabilidade civil do estado pelos atos do concessionario no que tange aos danos ambientais causados pela exploracao economica do petroleo e gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marinho, Karoline Lins Camara [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2004-07-01

By means of the concession institute, the administration provides, indirectly, its originary functions gestion, acting and stimulating the development of the private activity with the exclusive attribution to the particulars, of rights and faculties, having always as a bigger aim the public interest. That being so, with the advent of the Amendment number 9 of the 1988 Federal Constitution, the State went by realizing concessions in the petroleum and natural gas field, allowing the market aperture, which was, before the amendment, monopolized by a state company - PETROBRAS. However, in spite of concede the exploration, production and transport rights of this product, the State keep itself playing the role of the collective interest prosecutor, and in such case, must be responsible for the damages that perhaps its concessionaires cause. The present research is purposed to study specifically the environment damages caused by the petroleum industry concessionaires, in what concerns to the state civil responsibility, using the many interpretative methods of the Law, like the historical, the systematic and the teleological, in the scope of contribute for a juridic culture each time stronger in the defense of the diffuse rights, in specific the environment rights. (author)

An Analysis on a Negotiation Model Based on Multiagent Systems with Symbiotic Learning and Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Hossain, Md. Tofazzal

This study explores an evolutionary analysis on a negotiation model based on Masbiole (Multiagent Systems with Symbiotic Learning and Evolution) which has been proposed as a new methodology of Multiagent Systems (MAS) based on symbiosis in the ecosystem. In Masbiole, agents evolve in consideration of not only their own benefits and losses, but also the benefits and losses of opponent agents. To aid effective application of Masbiole, we develop a competitive negotiation model where rigorous and advanced intelligent decision-making mechanisms are required for agents to achieve solutions. A Negotiation Protocol is devised aiming at developing a set of rules for agents' behavior during evolution. Simulations use a newly developed evolutionary computing technique, called Genetic Network Programming (GNP) which has the directed graph-type gene structure that can develop and design the required intelligent mechanisms for agents. In a typical scenario, competitive negotiation solutions are reached by concessions that are usually predetermined in the conventional MAS. In this model, however, not only concession is determined automatically by symbiotic evolution (making the system intelligent, automated, and efficient) but the solution also achieves Pareto optimal automatically.

Nuclear Symbiosis - A Means to Achieve Sustainable Nuclear Growth while Limiting the Spread of Sensititive Nuclear Technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

David Shropshire

2009-09-01

Global growth of nuclear energy in the 21st century is creating new challenges to limit the spread of nuclear technology without hindering adoption in countries now considering nuclear power. Independent nuclear states desire autonomy over energy choices and seek energy independence. However, this independence comes with high costs for development of new indigenous fuel cycle capabilities. Nuclear supplier states and expert groups have proposed fuel supply assurance mechanisms such as fuel take-back services, international enrichment services and fuel banks in exchange for recipient state concessions on the development of sensitive technologies. Nuclear states are slow to accept any concessions to their rights under the Non-Proliferation Treaty. To date, decisions not to develop indigenous fuel cycle capabilities have been driven primarily by economics. However, additional incentives may be required to offset a nuclear state’s perceived loss of energy independence. This paper proposes alternative economic development incentives that could help countries decide to forgo development of sensitive nuclear technologies. The incentives are created through a nuclear-centered industrial complex with “symbiotic” links to indigenous economic opportunities. This paper also describes a practical tool called the “Nuclear Materials Exchange” for identifying these opportunities.

Shale gas in Poland, in the United Kingdom and in Denmark: towards a European model?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cornot-Gandolphe, Sylvie

2014-01-01

Based on a research on the development of shale gas in Denmark, Poland and the UK, this report first describes and discusses the heterogeneous situations of these countries regarding energy and gases while outlining a more global European trend with an increasing dependence on foreign gas supply sources. It outlines that, while being still not well known, shale gas resources are differing from one country to the other. The exploration of shale gas in the three studied countries is presented. The next part of the report addresses other related issues like: adaptation of the legal, regulatory and taxing framework, social acceptance (importance of two key factors: involvement of local population and information transparency). The conclusion outlines the differences between the studied cases. Appendices propose: a table of data describing the energy and shale gas markets in the three studied countries, a map indicating concession locations in Poland, a map indicating areas of search for oil gases in the UK, a map indicating locations to Total's concessions in Denmark, and a diagram describing the British procedure aimed at determining whether an environmental impact study is necessary

Guarantee-bond: main concepts and overview of its application within the bidding process involving inactive areas with marginal accumulations of petroleum and natural gas; Seguro-garantia: conceituacao e panorama de sua aplicacao no processo licitatorio envolvendo areas inativas com acumulacoes marginais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eduardo, Antonio Sergio; Herrmann, Hildebrando [Universidade ERstadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil); Ferreira, Doneivan Fernandes [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The Brazilian Petroleum Agency has been working on the adoption of an efficient financial guarantee system in order to ensure the fulfillment of contractual obligations in upstream-related activities. This process is aimed at: creating incentives for responsible behavior in the industry; attending current demands from society for efficiency and transparency; attending to industries demands for the maintenance of investment flows within the sector; safeguarding the government against financial liabilities caused by irresponsible or insolvent concessionaires; and keeping the sector attractive and competitive for small and medium companies. Within the bidding process for the concession of inactive areas with marginal accumulations, ANP requires two kinds of guarantees: a bidding guarantee, and a PTI guarantee (for obligations under the Initial Work Program-PTI). In both cases, the ANP allows two kinds of financial instruments: 'Seguros-Garantia' and 'Letters of Credit'. According to bidding rules, guarantees must be presented before the bidding process. This instrument ensures that the winner will sign the concession contract. The PTI guarantee ensures performance in a timely fashion. This paper describes and analyzes the instrument 'Seguro-Garantia', its evolution, existing categories, and applicability. (author)

Contemporary forms of international movement of capital

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sanja Šovran

2016-11-01

Full Text Available International movement of capital is one of the most important forms of international economic cooperation and achievement of strategic goals of enterprises. It leads to international diversification of business activities, strengthening of competitive advantage, changes in economic structures, employment rates and economic stability of participating countries. The present research addresses the contemporary forms of international movement of capital, with an emphasis on the public-private partnerships and concessions. The creation of different forms of public-private partnerships (PPPs in Serbia gained in importance in the early ‘90s of the 20th century. PPP implies joint activities within the framework of which the public and private sector pool resources, especially financial capital and expertise in order to meet the public needs of local, regional or national significance for adequate resource allocation. This type of partnership between the public and private sector has become an effective way towards a more rational use of limited resources and development of business entities from different sectors. The partnership of the public and private sector is particularly important in the construction and maintenance of transportation and other infrastructure facilities. Concessions represent a special form of public-private partnerships.

78 FR 14822 - Proposed Information Collection; National Park Service Concessions

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-07

... together with, if requested by the NPS, a written certification from a certified public accountant (CPA... and respondent burden, we invite the general public and other Federal agencies to take this...: (1) Proposals (partially approved under OMB Control Number 1024- 0125). The public solicitation...

77 FR 36924 - Airport Concessions Disadvantaged Business Enterprise: Program Improvements

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-20

... financing or a franchise agreement for the initiation or expansion of his or her ACDBE firm (or have in fact... firm obtains financing, a loan, or a franchise agreement after the effective date of this rule change..., a loan, or a franchise agreement obtained before the effective date of this change, that calculation...

156 A Study of the Concession Speech by President Goodluck ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tracie1

when it is inevitable for candidates to persuade their listeners in order to win the election. ... represents a reaction to some attitudes to language summarized by Saeed ... changes in the institutional state of affairs. This act includes such ...

Environmental Assessment for the Construction and Operation of a Shopping Center at Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-01

concession kiosks, other similar services, and a food court including Taco Bell, Charley’s, Anthony’s, Manchu Wok, and Starbucks . Laundry...other similar services, and a food court including Taco Bell, Charley’s, Anthony’s, Manchu Wok, and Starbucks . Construction would consist of a...For a corporation : By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Part, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) a president

Política Ótima de Comercialização de um Microgrid de Energia Solar conectado ao Grid e a Veículos Elétricos Híbridos

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

da Silva, Hendrigo Batista; Santiago, Leonardo

Uma política otima de compra e venda entre o microgrid e o grid da concessionária é proposta neste artigo. Apresentamos um modelo baseado em programação dinãmica estocástica que considera a utilização da energia elétrica armazenada em veículos elétricos híbridos (PHEVs) como estados do sistema...

Public Private Business Models for Defence Acquisition

Science.gov (United States)

2014-04-30

Initiatives (PFIs), franchising , concessions, Joint Ventures (JVs) and outright privatisation (Grimsey & Lewis, 2004, p. 54); Off-The-Shelf (OTS...Design (D), Finance (F), Buy (B)/Rent (R)/Lease (L), Construct (C) (Build (B)), Develop (D), Own (O), Operate (O), Manage (M), Maintain (M) and Transfer...Logistics Logistics Infrastructure, and Locistics Other affected None None Equipment Eql..ipment OLoOs Finance- Buy - Desig~ - Buy - Private sector

Methodological Challenges by (New Media. An Essay on Perspectives and Possible Consequences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Wessely

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The classical concept of media analysis depends to a large extent on linearity, but modern interactive media are mostly non-linear. Roger Odin has suggested a method for working with such interactive media; however, the approach he suggests creates a new problem. What would be an appropriate way to deal with the dilemma of balancing sufficient intersubjectivity and concessions to non-linearity?

EDF - 2011 full-year results: Solid results and commitments upheld amid a troubled environment. Excellent industrial performance. Annual results 2011, Consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2011

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Proglio, Henri

2012-01-01

As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2011 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2011: Group accounting standards; comparability; significant events and transactions; regulatory events in France; changes in the scope of consolidation; segment reporting; sales; fuel and energy purchases; other external expenses; personnel expenses; taxes other than income taxes; other operating income and expenses; prolongation of the transition tariff system (TaRTAM) - laws of June 7 and December 7, 2010; impairment / reversals; other income and expenses; financial result; income taxes; basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share; operating assets and liabilities, equity; goodwill; other intangible assets; property, plant and equipment operated under French public electricity distribution concessions; property, plant and equipment operated under concessions for other activities; property, plant and equipment used in generation and other tangible assets owned by the group; investments in associates; inventories; trade receivables; other receivables; equity; provisions; provisions related to nuclear generation - back-end nuclear cycle, plant decommissioning and last cores; provisions for decommissioning of non-nuclear facilities; provisions for employee benefits; other provisions; special French public electricity distribution concession liabilities for existing assets and assets to be replaced; trade payable; other liabilities; current and non-current financial assets; cash and cash equivalents; current and non-current financial

Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 2012

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Korea’s objectives in delinking inter -Korean relations from denuclearization and minimizing political concessions it makes in response to ROK...equipment. It retains the capability to inflict significant damage on the ROK, especially in the region from the De -militarized Zone (DMZ) to...Mine Warfare Vessels 30 Support/Auxiliary Vessels 30 ~ Tasa Ri )~ ~::; Chodo 4.r: PipaGot .£t • PYtwGYANG Yellow Sea ~ DIA.-02-1203-647

Impacts of logging and hunting on western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) populations and consequences for forest regeneration. A review

OpenAIRE

Haurez, B.; Petre, CA.; Doucet, JL.

2013-01-01

Timber exploitation is rapidly expanding throughout the Congo Basin. Forest areas assigned to timber harvesting have sharply expanded over the decades and logging concessions now largely overlap with the range of western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage & Wyman, 1847). However this species, which is considered as critically endangered by IUCN, could play an essential role in maintaining the structure and composition of tropical rainforest notably through seed dispersal services...

PUSH-ing Construction Communications & Going Viral for Safety

OpenAIRE

Prevost, Dan; McCall, Bill

2018-01-01

Over the past 2 years, the Indiana Toll Road Concession Co. (ITRCC) and its contractors have delivered the 80/90 PUSH project, an ambitious rehabilitation of 70 miles of the Indiana Toll Road. The team developed an aggressive communications program to keep its customers and community stakeholders informed, partnering with the Indiana Motor Truck Association to take its Put the Phone Down campaign to social media. Join us for a discussion.

Chad: An Overview of a Country Plagued with Internal Strife and Regional Conflict

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-09

permitted exploration until 2004.15 A 30-year concession was established to develop an oil field near Doba to produce and transport oil to markets via a...Thomas, 201. 22 " Republic of Chad", Background Notes on Countries of the World 2003/10495517, 20031108: EBSCOhost .- http://search.ebscohost.com/Login.aspx...International Organization African." Business, Economy, Market Research, Finance, Income Tax Informations. http://www.economicexpert.com/a

The Ascendance of Iran: A Study of the Emergence of an Assertive Iranian Foreign Policy and Its Impact on Iranian-Soviet Relations

Science.gov (United States)

1979-06-01

elements which could, and sometimes did, function as alter- native centers of political, economico and military power to that of the central government... liberal intellectuals succeeded in overturning a decision by Nasr al-Din Shah to grant a tobacco concession to the British.’ Althoughlthe nature of... liberating swords of righteous conquerors, but rather as an area from which powerful forces would be periodically unleashed by come 4 2 Richard Burt

Mahan Goes to War: Effects of World War I on the U.S. Navy’s Force Structure and Operational Planning

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-17

area except that two divisions of dreadnoughts might be based on Brest for moral effect against anticipated raids by heavy enemy ships in the channel...also existed in the context of international politics, specifically the 1919 Paris peace conference and the emerging League of Nations. Initially...require.112 Ultimately, President Wilson sacrificed the 1919 program as a bargaining chip to gain concessions at the Paris conference. On 10 April, 1919

CTC Sentinel. Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2011

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-01

these programs. When economic measures failed to quell the discontent, President Salih turned to political concessions on February 2. In a speech to... Alexa (a website that measures traffic), google.com. eg is the second most popular website in Egypt. Google. com is the fourth. It is important to...benefit to the Haqqanis: it provides them with worldwide recognition and credibility, and likely helps with funding and recruitment. The network’s

Swedish Defence Acquisition Transformation - A Research Agenda

Science.gov (United States)

2015-04-30

dependability objective (which means to assess and/or form dependable supply chains to secure reliable and sustainable deliveries of goods, services and know...i.e., to assess and/or form dependable supply chains to secure reliable and sustainable deliveries of goods, services, and know-how to form and...contracting out, different forms of PPPs (including the Private Finance Initiative, PFI), franchising , concessions, and Joint Ventures (JVs) should be used

Geothermal energy in Denmark. The Committee for Geothermal Energy of the Danish Energy Agency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-06-01

The Danish Energy Agency has prepared a report on the Danish geothermal resources and their contribution to the national energy potential.Environmental and socio-economic consequences of geothermal power systems implementation are reviewed. Organizational models and financing of geothermal-seismic research are discussed, and the Committee of the Energy Agency for Geothermal Energy recommends financing of a pilot plant as well as a prompt elucidation of concession/licensing problems. (EG)

Statistical method for the control of the electric power service interruptions (second part); Metodo de control estadistico de las interrupciones del servicio electrico (2a. parte)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Issouribehere, Pedro E.; Barbero, Juan C. [Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Buenos Aires (Argentina). Facultad de Ingenieria. Inst. de Investigaciones Tecnologicas para Redes y Equipos Electricos (IITREE-LAT)]. E-mail: iitree@.ing.unlp.edu.ar; Martinez, Jorge L.; Galinski, Alejandro [Ente Nacional Regulador de la Electricidad (ENRE), Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2001-07-01

This paper presents the register of interruptions in application points of the concession areas of three concessionaires. The reliability indexes are presented of the controlled sites: interruption ratio {lambda}, time of average reposition r and unavailability Q obtained with the field information recompiled during three years from June 2000. The paper also obtains by concessionaire, the ratios of brief interruptions occurrence which constitutes another indicator of the Electric Service Quality.

Experiences in the application of quality control and quality assurance programmes in water reactor fuel fabrication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balaramamoorthy, K.; Vijayaraghavan, R.; Kulkarni, P.G.; Raghavan, S.V.; Bandyopadhyay, A.K.

1984-01-01

Nuclear fuel for Research Reactors and Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) is being fabricated in India for a period of over two decades. The fuel is produced to conform to stringent quality control specifications. Generally, the performance of the fuel has been very good in the reactors. This is not only due to the high quality workmanship in the various stages of production but also to the meticulous care exercised in the planning and application of quality control and quality assurance procedures. For the nuclear fuel used in Water Reactors, extensive material specifications have been compiled and they are periodically reviewed and revised. The specifications cover various aspects such as metallurgical and mechanical properties, non-destructive testing, dimensional and visual standard requirements. Similarly, detailed manufacturing engineering instructions (MEIs) and quality control instructions (QCIs) have been drawn. For any deviations from the specified requirements, design concession committee considers all deviations and acceptance or rejection criteria are evolved. In this task, the design concession committee is supported by experimentation in various laboratories of the Department of Atomic Energy. The Quality Assurance procedures have been evolved over a long period of time. They generally conform to the latest code and recommended guides of IAEA regarding Quality Assurance in the manufacture of fuel. (orig.)

Italian water service's competitive tendering: does any tender design exist?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antonioli, B.

2006-01-01

During the last two decades, the procurement of public services has been engaged a process of intensive change, both at the local and national level, particularly in Europe. In Italy, recent developments of legislative framework are aimed to adopt competitive tenders both for service's concession or private partner selection. Economists and operators generally agree about the effectiveness of auctions for the concession's contracting out. Otherwise, the agreement is weaker if the question is how to prepare the auction: bidding market a la Demsetz, beauty contests or hybrid forms? In other words, more attention should be devoted to the analysis of reference market and to auction's design. The aim of this paper is to verify, starting from the analysis of auction realized between 1998 and 2005, the real designing of the auctions other than the presence of an idea of industrial policy for water services. Results highlights that tenders are few, poorly designed and scarcely effective. To be more precise, results remark the lack of foresight of industrial policy and, more generally, the necessity to reflect on the real possibility of the competition for thc market in the water sector, characterized by an high degree of economical and social complexity [it

The criteria for setting the natural gas reference price for purposes of government take calculation; Os criterios para fixacao do preco de referencia do gas natural para fins de calculo das participacoes governamentais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, Flavio Augusto Pimentel de; Rosa, Renata Gualberto Cordeiro [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The Petroleum Law states that the concession contract will also have provisions regarding the government takes established by the bid tender. However, the criteria for calculating the value of Royalties are set forth in the Decree 2.705/98, enacted to set such criteria, taking into account the volumes of production and the reference prices for oil and natural gas. The following aspects are analyzed in this paper: the method for calculating the volumes subject to the impact of Royalties; definition of the reference price for natural gas, the general rule for setting up the reference price in case the sale was made at market price; the special rule in case the sale was not made on a market basis, in case there is no sale or in case of breach of the conditions set in that Decree; and the settlement of the reference price in situations where only part of the volumes produced are sold on contracts that meet the requirements of the Decree. In conclusion the problems caused by gaps in legislation will be highlighted, particularly with regard to concessions granted to consortia as well as the inconsistencies between the applicable legislation, which may provide different analysis, including by the ANP, according to the features of each case. (author)

International comparative analysis of E and P regulatory issues; Analise comparativa internacional de aspectos regulatorios em E e P

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Erica Cristina da Fonseca; Almedia, Mariana Lessa Rego de; Baleroni, Rafael Baptista [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil). Faculdade de Direito

2004-07-01

The oil industry is one of the more global sectors of the economy, with its economic agents acting and competing at the same time in many countries. The limitation of available funds for investment and competition in global scale make the host countries adapt some elements of their concession instruments, as a way to attract greater investments. The comparison of legal framework of diverse host countries is an essential part in this process of decision and an indispensable tool to help the host countries in the dispute for the attraction of international investors. Therefore, to place Brazil in this process of global competition between States is necessary the knowledge and the comparison between the conditions offered for its legal system and offered for countries considered as models of attraction of investment. This work intends to offer a comparative study of relevant legal aspects for the oil industry, amongst them: characterization of the concession instrument; reach of the participation of the state-owned company; intervention of the State in the private management. The comparison will be made between countries with different characteristics, to obtain a consolidation of paradigms that helps the evolution of the Brazilian exploration and production legal framework. (author)

Impacto da participação especial em campos gigantes offshore de petróleo Impact of special participation tax in offshore petroleum giant fields

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Mendes Gandra

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Utilizando um cenário como estudo de caso, objetiva-se explorar o impacto econômico da Lei que rege a cobrança da Participação Especial (PE pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP sobre a decisão de investimento em projetos situados exclusivamente em campos gigantes de petróleo no Brasil. Embora este seja um exercício indutivo sem maiores pretensões, ele pode ser tomado como representativo para retratar a realidade das grandes empresas que têm em seu portfolio oportunidades de desenvolvimento de concessões com grande potencial petrolífero. Subsidiariamente, propõe-se uma alternativa ao modelo de tributação vigente.The main objective of this technical study is to show the economic impact of Special Participation Tax on decisions at projects of investments at Brazilian offshore fields with high production of petroleum. An alternative estimation approach is proposed in this paper for Special Participation Tax to facilitate the economic viability of offshore projects. This technical study is only a exercise of a real situation which big companies face when it have the opportunity to develop concessions with high potential of petroleum. Above all, we propose an alternative way to calculate the assessment.

State policies targeting junk food in schools: racial/ethnic differences in the effect of policy change on soda consumption.

Science.gov (United States)

Taber, Daniel R; Stevens, June; Evenson, Kelly R; Ward, Dianne S; Poole, Charles; Maciejewski, Matthew L; Murray, David M; Brownson, Ross C

2011-09-01

We estimated the association between state policy changes and adolescent soda consumption and body mass index (BMI) percentile, overall and by race/ethnicity. We obtained data on whether states required or recommended that schools prohibit junk food in vending machines, snack bars, concession stands, and parties from the 2000 and 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between 2000-2006 policy changes and 2007 soda consumption and BMI percentile, as reported by 90 730 students in 33 states and the District of Columbia in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and to test for racial/ethnic differences in the associations. Policy changes targeting concession stands were associated with 0.09 fewer servings of soda per day among students (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.17, -0.01); the association was more pronounced among non-Hispanic Blacks (0.19 fewer servings per day). Policy changes targeting parties were associated with 0.07 fewer servings per day (95% CI = -0.13, 0.00). Policy changes were not associated with BMI percentile in any group. State policies targeting junk food in schools may reduce racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent soda consumption, but their impact appears to be too weak to reduce adolescent BMI percentile.

ANÁLISE DE RISCO DAS OPERAÇÕES DE MICROCRÉDITO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliana Marcia Martins Fittipaldi Torga

2017-08-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, o microcrédito tem sido aplicado para o combate à pobreza e estímulo ao crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico. É uma operação de crédito que constitui um dos temas relevantes estudados pela área da administração financeira. Esta pesquisa buscou investigar mediante a utilização das técnicas de duração e convexidade, qual é o risco das operações de microcrédito realizadas por bancos governamentais brasileiros e abordou o tema com relação á gestão de risco de crédito. Este estudo verificou que as oscilações nas taxas constituem um risco, que pode causar problemas nos resultados financeiros das Instituições de Microfinanças se os retornos obtidos no cumprimento das obrigações contratadas passarem a ser insuficientes. As parcerias institucionais com agências de desenvolvimento podem se constituir um importante fator para garantir a concessão de crédito. Sugerem-se novos estudos para a análise das regulamentações do setor, os métodos de concessão e a avaliação de risco das operações.

Climate Change Mitigation Through Reduced-Impact Logging and the Hierarchy of Production Forest Management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ben Vickers

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The proposed hierarchy of production forest management provides modus operandi for forest concessions to move incrementally towards Sustainable Forest Management (SFM via Reduced-Impact Logging (RIL and forest certification. Financial benefits are sourced in the “Additionality Zone”, financing the rise in the hierarchy and offsetting prohibitive forest and carbon certification costs. RIL carbon registration components consist of developing credible baseline, additionality and leakage arguments around the business-as-usual scenario through the quantification of historical forest inventory and production records, forest infrastructure records and damage to the residual forest. If conventional harvesting is taken as a baseline, research indicates RIL can potentially reduce emissions by approximately 1–7 tCO2e ha−1yr−1. The current market price of USD $7.30 per tCO2e may result in over USD $50 ha−1yr−1 in additional revenue, well above the estimated USD $3–5 ha−1 in carbon transaction costs. Concessions in Sabah Malaysia demonstrate the financial viability of long-term RIL and certification planning. This may act as a basis for future planned forest management activities involving RIL, carbon and forest certification through the hierarchy of production forest management.

Valores semántico-pragmáticos de aún

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura D. Ferrari

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Spanish dictionaries and grammar textbooks usually describe the word aún (even as an expression of time and aun as an expression of modality (concession. In the first case, it is interchangeable with todavía (yet and it carries an accent mark. In the second case, the word carries no accent and it is interchangeable with hasta, incluso or siquiera (until, even, (not even. Because of its wide variety of functions and semantic values, as pointed out much earlier by Bello (§1217, some grammarians (Pavon Lucero (1999 have included aún in the group of the so called ``particles'', a group formed by some prepositions, adverbs and conjunctions. Other authors (Sanchez Lopez 1999, Leonetti 2007 y NGRALE 2009 have placed it within the subgroup of focus words, i.e. words that show the sentence information structure. This paper points out that there is no sharp contrast between these two values -- aún/aun expressing time or concession-- and that they actually share a sense of quantification related to the word's incremental character. This shared value is clearly seen in sentences with a comparative structure, in which cases this word can be equally replaced by todavía or incluso.

Manufacturer Allowances and Retailer Pass-Through Rates in a Competitive Environment

OpenAIRE

Sang Yong Kim; Richard Staelin

1999-01-01

A commonly held belief has grocery and mass merchandise retailers gaining power relative to the upstream consumer package goods manufacturers. One of the major justifications for this belief is that manufacturers are now giving retailers more side payments such as trade allowances, slotting allowances, etc. However, a number of researchers have shown that these concessions have not translated into increased profit for the retailer relative to the manufacturer. This paper explores, via an anal...

Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

objectives in delinking inter -Korean relations from denuclearization and minimizing political concessions it makes in response to ROK economic and...It retains the capability to inflict significant damage on the ROK, especially in the region from the De -militarized Zone (DMZ) to Seoul. Although...Vessels 30 Support/Auxiliary Vessels 30 ~ Tasa Ri )~ ~::; Chodo 4.r: PipaGot .£t • PYtwGYANG Yellow Sea ~ DIA.-02-1203-647 CHII\\oA NORTH

Information bulletin of the bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - Annual status 2007

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

This special issue of the BEPH newsletter presents the main results of the hydrocarbons research and production activity in France during the year 2007: evolution of the mining domain (demands, allocations and extension of research permits and concessions, demands under instruction, evolution of permits surfaces), investments in seismic surveys and drilling activity (new drillings, completed drillings); investments in fields exploitation; production by field and by operator (crude oil, commercialized gas). (J.S.)

Simulation in Sport Finance

OpenAIRE

Joris, Drayer; Daniel, Rascher

2010-01-01

Simulations have long been used in business schools to give students experience making real-world decisions in a relatively low-risk environment. The OAKLAND A’S BASEBALL BUSINESS SIMULATOR takes a traditional business simulation and applies it to the sport industry where sales of tangible products are replaced by sales of an experience provided to fans. The simulator asks students to make decisions about prices for concessions, parking, and merchandise, player payroll expenses, funding for...

Risk for an independent power producer (IPP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fytche, E.L.; Gallagher, B.

1993-01-01

Competition is not new in the electric power industry. At one time, the city administration of Chicago had granted three city-wide franchises and over 40 partial concessions. The resulting supply chaos led to a proposal that utilities be given a monopoly status in return for which they would submit to regulation of tariffs by a regulatory body. Most utility managers of the present generation have grown up within this model. (author)

İNGİLİZ KONSOLOSLUK BELGELERİNDE SİNOP (1841-1842)

OpenAIRE

Çağlayan, Kaya tuncer

2015-01-01

19th century industrialization affected the commercial course of the world revolution through the implementation of the power steam technology as well as affecting social and political mobility across the large regions of the Ottoman geography. As a result of the concession brought about by the 1838 OttomanBritish Trade Agreement, British consulates were opened in the major Ottoman cities. All the relevant information concerning trade, social and political life, thought to be significant for ...

Analisa Pola Partnership Dalam Pengelolaan Obyek Wisata Umbul Tirto Marto Pengging Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun 2012-2014

OpenAIRE

Dewanti, Aldila Merdiana; Adnan, Mohammad; Astrika, Lusia

2014-01-01

Partnership in the management of Tourism Umbul Tirto Marto Pengging is one of Boyolali Government's breakthrough in realization of good governance in the field of tourism. In the management of the tourist attractions, Boyolali Government's and private parties agree to use a pattern partnership contract concessions, which the private sector is only given the responsibility of providing the service management over part or all of a specific infrastructure, including system operation and maintena...

Bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - Monthly information bulletin. April 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-04-01

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands of research permit, allocations of concession), geophysical survey activity, drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins). (J.S.)

Improving the taxation regime for electric power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fjermeros, Morten; Ilstad, Kristine

2003-01-01

In Norway, the present taxation regime for electric power is very complex. The power companies are currently charged with ordinary tax on profits, tax on economic rent, tax on natural resources and land tax. In addition there are the rules about licence fees, yield of power due to concession conditions, and reversion. The Norwegian Electricity Industry Association (EBL), assisted by a firm of lawyers, has proposed an improvement over the current taxation regime

The actors and privatization of sanitation services in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Córdova Bojórquez

2006-07-01

Full Text Available This document offers an analysis about possibilities to implement a concession system in the recollection and disposal of non-hazardous trash collection service in Ciudad Juarez. The recognition of view points from different actors in the timeframe, applying a survey to home heads and interviews to opinion leaders, as actors key in city´s production, let us to identify a high politized item that keep off efficient and transparent public participation.

España y la UE: objetivo ideológico y proyecto político (1978-2018 // Spain and the EU: Ideological objective and political project (1978-2018

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Bar Cendón

2018-04-01

1. Introduction. 2. Europe as an ideological objective. 3. Europe as a political project. A The first step: The Single European Act. B Citizenship and cohesion: The Treaty of Maastricht. C The foreign role and the social policy: The Treaty of Amsterdam. D Enhancing the institutional position: The Treaty of Nice. E From toughness to concession: The European Constitution. F Weakness and relocation: The Treaty of Lisbon. 4. Conclusion.

The Doha Negotiations on Trade in Goods: An European Perspective

OpenAIRE

Messerlin , Patrick

2006-01-01

The note reviews the basic market access issues in the Doha negotiations on trade in goods from an European perspective. First, it shows that some European negotiators are demanding more concessions in manufacturing (NAMA) that the European business community is asking for - adding strong tensions in a context already marked by severe problems in farm talks. Second, the note reveals the European interests really at stake in the agricultural negotiations, before addressing the negotiating issu...

The triumph of the common man: modern salvation in the movie Armageddon

OpenAIRE

Leal, Eduardo Martinelli; Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social/ UFRGS

2014-01-01

The film Armageddon shows the figure ofcommon men, oil drillers as central characters whosave the world from an asteroid collision. Analyzingthe American historical formation we realized thatthe initiative of these characters is a retelling of themyth of the foundation of that society, inspired bythe Enlightenment and Calvinism. In this new interpretationthe future of men is much more dependenton their courage and perseverance in the faceof obstacles than on a divine concession becausetechnol...

Nem Tudo que Reluz é Ouro. Os Desafios de Cooperativas Minerais em Minas Gerais

OpenAIRE

Alex dos Santos Macedo; Maria de Lourdes Souza Oliveira; Alan Ferreira de Freitas; Alair Ferreira de Freitas

2016-01-01

The mining areas and artisanal mining represent a complex problem for public management in Brazil, since it is notice issues related to environment, social and economic vulnerability. The priority given by the State to mineral cooperatives in the Federal Constitution of 1988 in the authorization or concession for research and mining of resources and mineral reserves marks a process of the State attempt to regularize, standardize and encourage the regularization of illegal mi...

Structural and functional biological assessment of aggregate dredging intensity on the Belgian part of the North Sea

OpenAIRE

De Backer, A.; Hillewaert, H.; Van Hoey, G.; Wittoeck, J.; Hostens, K.

2014-01-01

Marine aggregate dredging in the Belgian part of the North Sea (BPNS) is restricted to four dedicated concession zones. Within these zones, there are areas under different dredging pressure, but with the advantage that these are situated within a similar habitat (cfr. similar sediment characteristics) . As such, this study assessed how different degrees of dredging pressure executed on a similar sandy habitat affect the benthic ecosystem. Possible responses of the macrobenthos on the dredging...

Incentives for industrial R&D: The Australian experience

OpenAIRE

Peter Hall

1996-01-01

The effects of Australian measures to influence investment in industrial R&D (IRD) are anafysed. Australian experience tends to suggest that, while selective schemes have performed a little better than a tax concession alone, the advantage to selectivity would look less pronounced if general incentives were extended at an appropriate rate to firms in tax loss. Even with relatively low inducement rates, such incentives appear to have the advantage, from an evolutionary perspective, of encourag...

The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Corporate Transparency and Accountability: Evidence from New Zealand

OpenAIRE

Jude Edeigba; Felix Amenkhienan

2017-01-01

This study investigates the implications of the gap between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and New Zealand International Financial Reporting Standards (NZIFRS) on financial reporting transparency, accountability and corporate fraud. Content analysis of IFRS and NZIFRS was carried out to determine if there are differences between IFRS and NZIFRS. Four IFRS, namely IAS 12, IFRS 13, IFRS 15, IAS 17 and IFRS 16 were analysed on the basis of adoption concessions and...

Water Markets in Mexico: Opportunities and Constraints

OpenAIRE

Hearne, Robert R.; Trava, Jose L.

1997-01-01

In 1992, the Government of Mexico initiated a new national water law which decentralised water resources management and allowed the market transfer of water-use concessions between individual irrigators. These reforms were expected to improve water resources management through greater user participation in irrigation management, as well as to increase irrigators incentives to improve water-use efficiency. At the time of its proposal the 1992 Federal Water Law was considered to the first step ...

On the Conflict Mitigating Effects of Trade: The India-Pakistan Case

OpenAIRE

Mamoon, Dawood; S. Mansoob, Murshed

2008-01-01

We examine whether greater inter-state trade, democracy and reduced military spending lower belligerence between India and Pakistan. We begin with theoretical models covering the opportunity costs of conflict in terms of trade losses and security spending, as well as the costs of making concessions to rivals. Conflict between the two nations can be best understood in a multivariate framework where variables such as economic performance, integration with rest of the world, bilateral trade, mil...

On the Costs of Not Loving Thy Neighbour as Thyself: The trade, democracy and military expenditure explanations behind India-Pakistan rivalry

OpenAIRE

Murshed, Syed; Mamoon, Dawood

2007-01-01

textabstractThe authors examine whether greater inter-state trade, democracy and reduced military spending lower belligerence between India and Pakistan. They begin with theoretical models covering the opportunity costs of conflict in terms of trade losses and security spending, as well as the costs of making concessions to rivals. Conflict between the two nations can be best understood in a multivariate framework where variables such as economic performance, integration with rest of the worl...

On the Costs of Not Loving Thy Neighbour as Thyself

OpenAIRE

Murshed, S.M.; Mamoon, D.

2007-01-01

The authors examine whether greater inter-state trade, democracy and reduced military spending lower belligerence between India and Pakistan. They begin with theoretical models covering the opportunity costs of conflict in terms of trade losses and security spending, as well as the costs of making concessions to rivals. Conflict between the two nations can be best understood in a multivariate framework where variables such as economic performance, integration with rest of the world, bilateral...

75 FR 5551 - Participation by Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in Airport Concessions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-03

... necessary for rational implementation of the statute. Periodic program reviews by the Department, as well as...'' provision, the Department believes that the program review approach proposed by this NPRM provides a better...

75 FR 16357 - Participation by Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in Airport Concessions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...- executing. A regulatory framework is necessary for rational implementation of the statute. Periodic program... approach embodied in this rule provides a better way of achieving the objective of ensuring that the...

Anglo Egyptian Treaty on the Nile and the Tana Dam Concessions

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tadesse_K_W

New York / Abingdon, Oxon, Routledge ... Harold G. Marcus (1995), The Life and Times of Menelik II, Ethiopia 1844-. 1913 .... inconceivable that Emperor Menelik, after the audience on March 13, was ..... One Drop Books, New York, p.319.

Public health infrastructure investment difficulties in Chile: concessions and public tenders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matías Goyenechea

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Resumen El presente trabajo busca evidenciar los problemas de brechas en infraestructura sanitaria en Chile, así como analizar los mecanismos mediante los cuales ésta se provee. Ello se realiza mediante dos modalidades, la primera es la licitación competitiva o modalidad sectorial. La segunda forma es la concesión hospitalaria. En los últimos años ambos mecanismos presentan dificultades, las cuales se relatan en este documento. Finalmente, se plantean propuestas con el fin de mejorar la provisión de infraestructura sanitaria en Chile.

Integrando técnicas e procedimentos de gestão de operações: uma aplicação em um banco comercial Brasileiro de grande porte Integrating operations management techniques and procedures: an application in a major Brazilian bank

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ualison Rebula de Oliveira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Na conjuntura atual, eliminação de custos, satisfação dos clientes e aumento da produtividade é algo, no mínimo, desejável para as organizações. Exatamente neste viés, a presente pesquisa aborda a utilização de técnicas e filosofias amplamente abordadas e difundidas em gestão de operações; porém, em vez de usá-las isoladamente, propõe-se sua utilização conjunta. Neste contexto, integram-se o Mapeamento de Processos, a Gestão da Capacidade, a Teoria das Restrições (TOC e o Empowerment. Por meio de entrevistas junto aos funcionários, da coleta de dados e da observação direta do processo produtivo, foi possível mapear os processos, definir as capacidades, identificar os gargalos, levantar o nível de maturidade dos funcionários e propor soluções por meio da aplicação do Empowerment. Como resultado, contatou-se a possibilidade de melhoria no sistema de concessão de créditos da empresa pesquisada (Banco, possibilitando um aumento da produtividade em 27,78% e uma redução de custos da ordem de 4,5 milhões de reais.In today's conjuncture characterized by extreme global competition, cost elimination, customer satisfaction and productivity are rather essential for organizations to survive and compete. In accordance with this scenario, the present research proposes an integrated approach of many operations management philosophies and techniques, which are usually adopted in an isolated manner by many companies. The proposed approach integrates process mapping techniques, capacity management, Theory of Constraints and Empowerment and was applied to a credit concession process of a major Brazilian bank. Through employee interviews, primary data collection and direct observation it was possible to map processes, define capacities, identify bottlenecks, determine the personnel maturity level and, as a consequence, propose a solution by means of the Empowerment approach. As a result, a productivity increase of 27.78% and a

EDF - Annual results 2015. Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2015. 2015 Management report - Group results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Levy, Jean-Bernard

2016-01-01

As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2015 annual results, management report and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2015, as well as the 2015 activity report: Group results: Key figures; economic environment; significant events of 2015; subsequent events; analysis of the business and the consolidated income statements for 2014 and 2015; net indebtedness, cash flows and investments; management and control of market risks; transactions with related parties; scope of consolidation; principal risks and uncertainties; financial outlook. consolidated financial statements: group accounting standards; comparability; significant events and transactions; regulatory events in France; changes in the scope of consolidation; segment reporting; sales; fuel and energy purchases; other external expenses; personnel expenses; taxes other than income taxes; other operating income and expenses; impairment/reversals; other income and expenses; financial result; income taxes; basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share; operating assets and liabilities, equity; goodwill; other intangible assets; property, plant and equipment operated under French public electricity distribution concessions; property, plant and equipment operated under concessions for other activities; property, plant and equipment used in generation and other tangible assets owned by the group; investments in associates and joint ventures; inventories; trade receivables; other receivables; equity; provisions; provisions related to nuclear generation - back-end of the nuclear cycle

Information bulletin of the bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - January 2008 no.13

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands, allocations and extension of research permits and concessions; list of demands under instruction), drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins). (J.S.)

Calling the EU's bluff. Who are the real champions of biodiversity and traditional knowledge in the EU-Central American and EU-Community of Andean Nations Association Agreements?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hall, R.

2009-12-01

Global Europe and the EU's Raw Materials Initiative are designed to bolster the EU's economic position - whatever the cost - in the face of fierce global competition for both markets and resources, especially from emerging economies such as China and India. The EU also fears losing trade to the US, which has already secured trade and investment concessions from countries in the Western hemisphere, through the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) and other bilateral trade agreements.

Mineral industry statistics 1975

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1978-01-01

Production, consumption and marketing statistics are given for solid fuels (coal, peat), liquid fuels and gases (oil, natural gas), iron ore, bauxite and other minerals quarried in France, in 1975. Also accident statistics are included. Production statistics are presented of the Overseas Departments and territories (French Guiana, New Caledonia, New Hebrides). An account of modifications in the mining field in 1975 is given. Concessions, exploitation permits, and permits solely for prospecting for mineral products are discussed. (In French)

Bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - Monthly information bulletin. June 2006

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-06-01

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands, allocations and extension of research permits and concessions; list of demands under instruction), drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins). (J.S.)

Information bulletin of the bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - December 2007 no.12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands, allocations and extension of research permits and concessions; list of demands under instruction), drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins). (J.S.)

ÖZEL SEKTÖR ŞİRKETLERİ İÇİN YİD İHALE PROBLEMİNİN ÇOK AMAÇLI OPTİMİZASYONU

OpenAIRE

ACAR, Elif; DURUCASU, Hasan

2014-01-01

Today, around the world, Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project finance model is used frequently in numerous projects. One key aspect to the success of project company who wishing to gain BOT tender is to prepare a financial package consistent with the expectations of the related participants in accordance with BOT contract. The debt to equity ratio, the concession length and the unit prices are the important financial decision variables to be determined by the project company. The objective of...

Design-Build-Finance in the US: The case of iROX, I-75 Road Expansion Project

OpenAIRE

Forcael,E; Ellis, JR,R; Jaramillo,F

2011-01-01

This project is part of the Interstate 75 road expansion, located in Southwest Florida and consisted of an expansion from four to six lanes along a 30-mile stretch. The paper presents a design, build and finance (DBF) approach applied to a US highway. This work focuses on the financial structure of the project, which did not include a concession (operation); the bidding procedure, which took into account an interesting bid evaluation criterion and; project management matters. The information ...

Information bulletin of the bureau of hydrocarbons exploration-production (BEPH) - March 2008; Bulletin d'information du BEPH. Mars 2008

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-07-01

This newsletter takes stock of the recent highlights in the domain of hydrocarbons exploration and production in the French territory: mining domain (demands, allocations and extension of research permits and concessions; list of demands under instruction), drilling activity (new drillings, advance of existing exploratory and extension-development drillings); production activity (interventions on wells, crude oil, crude gas, commercialized gas, natural gas-derived hydrocarbons, related products, production shares by company in the Paris and Aquitain basins). (J.S.)

Change in Status of Female Education in India

OpenAIRE

Dr. Arti Khabia

2018-01-01

Women’s development is regarded as an important approach to raise the levels of productivity and to break the vicious circle of poverty, for which better health and education forms important. The Indian government wants to include more girls particularly from marginalized BPL families in the mainstream of education. To this end the government has been providing concession package in form of free books, scholarships, mid-day meals, uniforms, boarding, lodging and clothing for hostellers, free ...

Results of discussions with those involved in deep geothermal energy projects; Befunde der Gespraeche mit Akteuren der tiefen Geothermie. Rueckmeldungen zum Bericht 'Betriebs- und Traegerschaftskonzept fuer eine Explorationsgesellschaft der tiefen Geothermie' (Projekt 102'924) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keiser, U.; Goetz, R.

2009-10-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) takes a look at the reactions obtained in connection with the report entitled 'Operational and support concept for an exploratory company for deep geothermal energy'. Topics dealt with include: Concessions for exploratory drilling, unavailable access to experts, low level of knowledge concerning Swiss bedrock, technological developments, drilling costs and risks. Possible directions to be taken for future work are looked at, including four possible work modules.

Celulares pagos por empregadores: “benefício” ou “malefício”?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lúcia Cipriano

Full Text Available Ao longo do século XX, os espaços e horários destinados ao trabalho eram isolados daqueles destinados à vida pessoal, familiar ou ao lazer. Na contemporaneidade, no entanto, tornou-se comum atender telefonemas de trabalho nos mais variados locais fora do horário de expediente e até mesmo nas férias. Uma das razões para esse novo tipo de comportamento é a concessão, pelos empregadores, de celulares com contas pagas aos seus funcionários. A presente pesquisa procurou investigar quais são as reações desses funcionários. Para tanto, foram conduzidas entrevistas de perguntas abertas com ocupantes de cargos de níveis gerenciais em empresas particulares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi possível constatar uma ambivalência generalizada entre os entrevistados. Por um lado, eles consideram tal prática um “benefício”, porque também podem usar o celular da empresa para assuntos pessoais, o que representa uma boa economia. Por outro lado, no entanto, se ressentem da invasão, não remunerada ou previamente acordada, de seu tempo livre. Alguns chegam mesmo a se referir a essa concessão como um “malefício”, ou, ainda mais radicalmente, como uma nova forma de escravidão.

O componente "custo de oportunidade" do spread bancário no Brasil: uma abordagem pós-keynesiana The "opportunity cost" component of bank interest spread in Brazil a post-Keynesian perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giuliano Contento de Oliveira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A redução pronunciada do spread bancário no Brasil requer a diminuição do custo de oportunidade das operações de crédito no país, representado pelos retornos monetários e não monetários dos títulos públicos federais. Ao permitir a estruturação de uma postura operacional flexível e rentável ao mesmo tempo, esses ativos criam uma disfuncionalidade no mercado de crédito, vez que os bancos passam a exigir um prêmio de risco muito elevado para a concessão de recursos, elevando o spread bancário e aumentando o custo do dinheiro no país.The pronounced reduction of the bank interest spread in Brazil requests the decrease of the cost of opportunity of the credit operations in the country, represented by the monetary and no-monetary returns of the federal public titles. When allowing the structuring of a flexible and profitable operational posture at the same time, those assets create an anomaly in the credit market, because the banks start to demand a premium of very high risk for the concession of credit, elevating the bank interest spread and increasing the cost of the money in the country.

The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Corporate Transparency and Accountability: Evidence from New Zealand

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jude Edeigba

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This study investigates the implications of the gap between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS and New Zealand International Financial Reporting Standards (NZIFRS on financial reporting transparency, accountability and corporate fraud. Content analysis of IFRS and NZIFRS was carried out to determine if there are differences between IFRS and NZIFRS. Four IFRS, namely IAS 12, IFRS 13, IFRS 15, IAS 17 and IFRS 16 were analysed on the basis of adoption concessions and Reduced Disclosure Regime (RDR for tier 1 and 2 entities. The findings from these standards led to a review of the associated IFRS to further understand the implications of the standards on financial reporting transparency and decline in incidences of corporate fraud. We found that the difference between IFRS and NZIFRS lies in the financial reporting framework for tier 2 entities. However, we did not find a difference between IFRS and NZIFRS for entities in tier 1 but we identified a decline in incidences of corporate fraud after IFRS was adopted. We further identified the presence of information asymmetry for tier 2 which is capable of retaining Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAPs. These differences may increase the incidence of corporate fraud among the entities in tier 2 of External Reporting Framework. This is due to an excessive concession from IFRS implementation in New Zealand.

EDF - 2006 full-year results, 2006 Financial report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gadonneix, Pierre

2007-04-01

As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2006 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2006: Consolidated income statements, Consolidated balance sheets, Consolidated cash flow statements, Changes in consolidated equity, Notes: Group accounting policies, Summary of accounting and valuation methods, Public distribution concessions in France, Comparability, Significant events and transactions of 2006 and 2005, Changes in the scope of consolidation, Segment reporting, Sales, Fuel and energy purchases, Other external expenses, Contractual obligations and commitments, Personnel expenses, Other operating income and expenses, Impairments / reversals, Other income and expenses, Financial result, Income taxes, Goodwill, Other intangible assets, Property, plant and equipment, Investments in companies accounted for under the equity method, Financial assets, Inventories including work-in-process, Trade receivables, Other receivables, Cash and cash equivalents, Held-for-sale assets and liabilities, Equity, Provisions, Special concession liabilities, Current and non-current financial liabilities, Derivatives, Other liabilities, Contribution of joint ventures, Related parties, Environment, Subsequent events, Transition to standards IAS 32 and 39 concerning financial instruments, Scope of consolidation

State Policies Targeting Junk Food in Schools: Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Effect of Policy Change on Soda Consumption

Science.gov (United States)

Stevens, June; Evenson, Kelly R.; Ward, Dianne S.; Poole, Charles; Maciejewski, Matthew L.; Murray, David M.; Brownson, Ross C.

2011-01-01

Objectives. We estimated the association between state policy changes and adolescent soda consumption and body mass index (BMI) percentile, overall and by race/ethnicity. Methods. We obtained data on whether states required or recommended that schools prohibit junk food in vending machines, snack bars, concession stands, and parties from the 2000 and 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study. We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between 2000–2006 policy changes and 2007 soda consumption and BMI percentile, as reported by 90 730 students in 33 states and the District of Columbia in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and to test for racial/ethnic differences in the associations. Results. Policy changes targeting concession stands were associated with 0.09 fewer servings of soda per day among students (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.17, −0.01); the association was more pronounced among non-Hispanic Blacks (0.19 fewer servings per day). Policy changes targeting parties were associated with 0.07 fewer servings per day (95% CI = −0.13, 0.00). Policy changes were not associated with BMI percentile in any group. Conclusions. State policies targeting junk food in schools may reduce racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent soda consumption, but their impact appears to be too weak to reduce adolescent BMI percentile. PMID:21778484

The national oil companies and the modernization of tax regimes in oil exporting countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez-Padilla, V.

1994-01-01

The analysis of tax regimes for oil national companies leads through three conclusions : i) current tax regimes are economically inefficient but they may be corrected without changing the institutional framework ; ii) there is no optimal tax regime but certain principles such as equity, adaptability and neutrality have to be respected; iii) contracts and concessions might be appropriated tools while maintaining the monopoly of the national company but such a choice poses political and ideological problems. (Author). 26 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab

Analýza nabídky vybrané cestovní kanceláře

OpenAIRE

Vladyková, Aneta

2012-01-01

This bachelor thesis analyses the travel agency CAPRO's offer. In the first part there are defined basic terms, which are connected with activities of travel agencies such as an operator of a travel agency, conditions for an issuing of a concession, roles of a travel agency etc. This section also describes a travel agency's product, its offer and distribution. In the second part is firstly introduced travel agency CAPRO and then follows detailed analysis of its offer, which is based on these ...

Market partner orientation in power grid operation; Marktpartnerorientierung im Netzbetrieb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weiss, Claudia; Gebhardt, Andreas [Buelow und Consorten GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)

2012-11-15

Customer orientation is often neglected in power grid operation. Power grid owners have natural monopolies and defined territories and so far had little reason to consider their customers' needs. This is changing with changed boundary conditions. In the competition for concessions and customers for non-regulated services, those grid owners will prevail in the long run wo are aware of their market partners, their power and expectations, and wo are prepared to implement profit-oriented customer orientation measures. (orig.)

CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN THE NEW BRAZILIAN CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Humberto Dalla Bernardina de Pinho

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The presente study aims to critically analyze the recognition of foreign judgments in the new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, highlighting the changes brought by the new legislation. The international judicial cooperation was emphasized in the new Code, which was made clear by the prevision of the institute called “direct aid” (“auxílio direto”, the detailed regulation of the recognition of foreign judgements, including the possibility of concession of interim measures and the recognition of foreign interim measures.

Minimum Efficient Scale (MES) and preferred scale of container terminals

OpenAIRE

Kaselimi, Evangelia N.; Notteboom, Theo E.; Pallis, Athanasios A.; Farrell, Sheila

2011-01-01

Abstract: The decision on the scale of a port terminal affects the terminals managerial, operational and competitive position in all the phases of its life. It also affects competition structures in the port in which the terminal is operating, and has a potential impact on other terminals. Port authorities and terminal operators need to know the scale of the terminal when engaging in concession agreements. In economic theory the scale of a plant/firm is typically defined in relation to the Mi...

Franchise Bidding in the Water Industry- Auction Schemes and Investment Incentives

OpenAIRE

Urs Meister

2004-01-01

The periodical re-auction of a water monopoly concession causes the danger of underinvestment. If the life-time of specific assets such as water pipes exceeds the contract length and transferring the ownership of assets is difficult, the incumbent franchisee faces a hold-up problem. Using a simple auction model that considers the specifics of the piped water sector this paper shows that investment incentives may vary depending on the applied auction scheme. The model is designed as a two stag...

Causal-implicative relationships in the Serbian hypotaxis (Complex of generative complex sentences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vojvodić Dojčil P.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The paper analyzes the causal-implicative relationships in the segmented complex sentences with a “closed” (asymmetric, mandatory bi-situational generative (conditional semantic structure on the corpus of the Serbian language. The generative (conditional semantic structure consists of meaningfully interconnected antecedents and consequents that are based on the principle of subordination. These sentences are characterized with a general causal link due to the specific implicative relationship between the segments that can be realized within dependent clauses with diverse categorically-differential semantics (i.e. causal, consecutive, final, conditional and concessive. The author reaches a conclusion that the given implicative relationships (P ⇒ Q, P ⇐ Q/Q ⇒ P, P ⇔Q, P ⇒ Q´ Δ P´ ⇒ Q represent, in fact, semantic invariants of generative complex sentences. It is pointed out that the structure, formation and functioning of these relationships (sentences are always determined by the interconnectedness of syntax and lexicon. They are based on a general causal adverbial meaning of the conjunctions in a subordinate clause, which are also used to determine the adverbial semantics of a sentence as a whole. The article discusses in particular the aspectual-temporal correlations that are realized in complex sentences with a generative structure. It has been noted very often in the literature that there is no differentiation made among all of the types of the hypothetical conditionality - real, eventual, potential and unreal. The paper analyzes taxis of simultaneity and succession (anteriority/posteriority of the main and subordinate clause predicates in conditional sentences as a special type of the relative-temporal relationships within the same temporal plan. In order to interpret these correlations, the Serbian data was compared to the data in Russian and Polish. It is noted that the Northern Slavic languages (in this case Russian and

Temporal Decay in Timber Species Composition and Value in Amazonian Logging Concessions.

Science.gov (United States)

Richardson, Vanessa A; Peres, Carlos A

2016-01-01

Throughout human history, slow-renewal biological resource populations have been predictably overexploited, often to the point of economic extinction. We assess whether and how this has occurred with timber resources in the Brazilian Amazon. The asynchronous advance of industrial-scale logging frontiers has left regional-scale forest landscapes with varying histories of logging. Initial harvests in unlogged forests can be highly selective, targeting slow-growing, high-grade, shade-tolerant hardwood species, while later harvests tend to focus on fast-growing, light-wooded, long-lived pioneer trees. Brazil accounts for 85% of all native neotropical forest roundlog production, and the State of Pará for almost half of all timber production in Brazilian Amazonia, the largest old-growth tropical timber reserve controlled by any country. Yet the degree to which timber harvests beyond the first-cut can be financially profitable or demographically sustainable remains poorly understood. Here, we use data on legally planned logging of ~17.3 million cubic meters of timber across 314 species extracted from 824 authorized harvest areas in private and community-owned forests, 446 of which reported volumetric composition data by timber species. We document patterns of timber extraction by volume, species composition, and monetary value along aging eastern Amazonian logging frontiers, which are then explained on the basis of historical and environmental variables. Generalized linear models indicate that relatively recent logging operations farthest from heavy-traffic roads are the most selective, concentrating gross revenues on few high-value species. We find no evidence that the post-logging timber species composition and total value of forest stands recovers beyond the first-cut, suggesting that the commercially most valuable timber species become predictably rare or economically extinct in old logging frontiers. In avoiding even more destructive land-use patterns, managing yields of selectively-logged forests is crucial for the long-term integrity of forest biodiversity and financial viability of local industries. The logging history of eastern Amazonian old-growth forests likely mirrors unsustainable patterns of timber depletion over time in Brazil and other tropical countries.

The New EU Public Procurement Directives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

, transparency requirements, competitive dialogue, framework agreements, use of social and environmental criteria, Partnering and Public Private Partnerships and concessions. This book contains contributions based on presentations given by a number of the international and Danish speakers at the conference.......31 March 2004 the EU adopted two new public procurement directives: one for the public sector (2004/18/EC) and one for utilities (2004/17/EC). The new directives aim at simplification and modernisation of the previously existing directives including adaptation to electronic purchasing techniques...

ADMINISTRATION OF THE INFORMATION AND THE PROCESS OF BANK NEGOTIATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Almir Lindemann

2009-07-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes the quality of the administration of information, identifying deficiencies in the information systems, used in the negotiation process for concession of bank credit, to small and mid-sized companies, under the business managers' perspective. The results make the deficiencies evident and confirm the need for change in the systems of administration of information, in order to allow for both an improvement in the negotiation process of bank credit as well as a larger economical efficiency of the available resources.

The management of abandoned sites at the basin collieries of center and southern France and the procedure of stoppage of mining works

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barriere, J.P.

2003-01-01

The basin collieries of center and southern France (HBCM) have launched since 1993 the procedures of stoppage of mining works as foreseen by the mining rights and which will lead to the renunciation of their 148 concessions once the remediation of the sites has been completed. In order to cope with the enormous work of file and work follow up, a rigorous procedure and organization has been implemented in order to obtain all necessary prefecture by-laws by the end of 2005. (J.S.)

Marginal cost of electricity conservation: an application of linear program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silveira, A.M. da; Hollanda, J.B. de

1987-01-01

This paper is addressed ti the planning of electricity industry when the use of energetically efficient appliances (conservation) is financed by the utilities. It is based on the Linear Programming Model proposed by Masse and Boiteaux for planning of conventional energy sources, where one unity of electricity (Kw/Kw h) saved is treated as if it were a generator of equivalent size. In spite of the formal simplicity of the models it can support interesting concessions on the subject of a electrical energy conservation policy. (author)

Report on the behalf of the finance, general economy and budget control commission on the finance bill for 2012: Appendix 14: ecology, sustainable development and planning. Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carrez, G.

2011-01-01

The author first addresses aspect of the finance bill concerning past decisions and the past energy production context and policy: the after-mining management, measure in favour of Lorraine, an electricity cost which misses out the plant dismantling financing. Then, he addresses the policy in favour of renewable energies: renewal of hydroelectric concessions, tax support for energy sobriety. He comments the on-going audit of AREVA and EDF, and notably addresses the EPR construction issue (in Finland) and the purchase of UraMin by AREVA

New Financing Schemes of Public Infrastructure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio de la Riva

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Public works procurements and concessions are traditional legal techniques used to shape the financing of public infrastructure. Fiscal constraints faced by public administrations at the end of the 20th century, and the subsequent increase of private participation in the provision of public goods and services, encouraged the development of new legal schemes allowing a higher degree of private investment in public infrastructure; such as Public Private Partnerships, project finance, securitizations, the shadow toll, turn-key agreements, public leasing and public trusts.

Developing and implementing health and sustainability guidelines for institutional food service.

Science.gov (United States)

Kimmons, Joel; Jones, Sonya; McPeak, Holly H; Bowden, Brian

2012-05-01

Health and sustainability guidelines for institutional food service are directed at improving dietary intake and increasing the ecological benefits of the food system. The development and implementation of institutional food service guidelines, such as the Health and Human Services (HHS) and General Services Administration (GSA) Health and Sustainability Guidelines for Federal Concessions and Vending Operations (HHS/GSA Guidelines), have the potential to improve the health and sustainability of the food system. Institutional guidelines assist staff, managers, and vendors in aligning the food environment at food service venues with healthier and more sustainable choices and practices. Guideline specifics and their effective implementation depend on the size, culture, nature, and management structure of an institution and the individuals affected. They may be applied anywhere food is sold, served, or consumed. Changing institutional food service practice requires comprehensive analysis, engagement, and education of all relevant stakeholders including institutional management, members of the food supply chain, and customers. Current examples of food service guidelines presented here are the HHS and GSA Health and Sustainability Guidelines for Federal Concessions and Vending Operations, which translate evidence-based recommendations on health and sustainability into institutional food service practices and are currently being implemented at the federal level. Developing and implementing guidelines has the potential to improve long-term population health outcomes while simultaneously benefitting the food system. Nutritionists, public health practitioners, and researchers should consider working with institutions to develop, implement, and evaluate food service guidelines for health and sustainability.

Developing and Implementing Health and Sustainability Guidelines for Institutional Food Service123

Science.gov (United States)

Kimmons, Joel; Jones, Sonya; McPeak, Holly H.; Bowden, Brian

2012-01-01

Health and sustainability guidelines for institutional food service are directed at improving dietary intake and increasing the ecological benefits of the food system. The development and implementation of institutional food service guidelines, such as the Health and Human Services (HHS) and General Services Administration (GSA) Health and Sustainability Guidelines for Federal Concessions and Vending Operations (HHS/GSA Guidelines), have the potential to improve the health and sustainability of the food system. Institutional guidelines assist staff, managers, and vendors in aligning the food environment at food service venues with healthier and more sustainable choices and practices. Guideline specifics and their effective implementation depend on the size, culture, nature, and management structure of an institution and the individuals affected. They may be applied anywhere food is sold, served, or consumed. Changing institutional food service practice requires comprehensive analysis, engagement, and education of all relevant stakeholders including institutional management, members of the food supply chain, and customers. Current examples of food service guidelines presented here are the HHS and GSA Health and Sustainability Guidelines for Federal Concessions and Vending Operations, which translate evidence-based recommendations on health and sustainability into institutional food service practices and are currently being implemented at the federal level. Developing and implementing guidelines has the potential to improve long-term population health outcomes while simultaneously benefitting the food system. Nutritionists, public health practitioners, and researchers should consider working with institutions to develop, implement, and evaluate food service guidelines for health and sustainability. PMID:22585909

Impacts of logging and hunting on western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla populations and consequences for forest regeneration. A review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haurez, B.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Timber exploitation is rapidly expanding throughout the Congo Basin. Forest areas assigned to timber harvesting have sharply expanded over the decades and logging concessions now largely overlap with the range of western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage & Wyman, 1847. However this species, which is considered as critically endangered by IUCN, could play an essential role in maintaining the structure and composition of tropical rainforest notably through seed dispersal services. This is likely due to its frugivorous diet, high stomach capacity and ability to swallow seeds of variable sizes. Moreover gorillas have a long gut retention time of ingested food, travel long daily distances and deposit most ingested seeds in suitable habitats for plant development (such as logging gaps. Consequently, the preservation of the role of gorilla in forest regeneration is essential in the context of logged forest ecosystems. Timber harvesting has two major opposing impacts on gorilla populations: on the one hand, gorillas benefit from growth of herbaceous vegetation (e.g. Marantaceae and Zingiberaceae following forest canopy opening, as such herbs provide both staple food and nest-building materials; on the other hand, gorilla populations suffer with the rise in hunting associated with logging activity, especially with road network installation. Considering the potential negative knock-on effects of logging concessions on the ecological function of western lowland gorilla, the implementation of timber harvesting methods that preserve gorilla populations is a considerable challenge for forest sustainability, as well as for gorilla's conservation.

Ports: Definition and study of types, sizes and business models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Roa

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Purpose: In the world today there are thousands of port facilities of different types and sizes, competing to capture some market share of freight by sea, mainly. This article aims to determine the type of port and the most common size, in order to find out which business model is applied in that segment and what is the legal status of the companies of such infrastructure.Design/methodology/approach: To achieve this goal, we develop a research on a representative sample of 800 ports worldwide, which manage 90% of the containerized port loading. Then you can find out the legal status of the companies that manage them.Findings: The results indicate a port type and a dominant size, which are mostly managed by companies subject to a concession model.Research limitations/implications: In this research, we study only those ports that handle freight (basically containerized, ignoring other activities such as fishing, military, tourism or recreational.Originality/value: This is an investigation to show that the vast majority of the studied segment port facilities are governed by a similar corporate model and subject to pressure from the markets, which increasingly demand efficiency and service. Consequently, we tend to concession terminals to private operators in a process that might be called privatization, but in the strictest sense of the term, is not entirely realistic because the ownership of the land never ceases to be public

Enhancement of the Haemmerli hydro power installation in Lenzburg, Switzerland; Gemeinde Lenzburg (AG). Ausbau Kraftwerk Haemmerli - Vorstudie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-08-15

This preliminary report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents a project on the refurbishment of an old industrial small hydro installation on the Aabach stream in Lenzburg, Switzerland. The state of the existing installation is described as is the station's concession. The proposals for the renewal of this installation are described and discussed. The necessary building work and the installations required are examined. Investment costs, operating and maintenance costs and expected profitability are discussed. The report is completed with suggestions for further work.

Current economic trends in equine practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, Andrew R

2009-12-01

Current economic trends in equine practice are trends of weakness. Most practices, after a decade of double-digit growth, have migrated to survival mode within a few months. Understanding that all regions and disciplines are affected differently, using the Porter five forces model, we can identify changes that must be made in our business models first to survive and then to position ourselves to prosper when the recession ends. If we are to avoid long-term damage to our practices, we must use cost control and work efficiency in addition to price concessions.

Economic missions. Synthetic file: the petroleum sector in Brazil (exploration and production); the refining activity in Brazil; natural gas in Brazil: a fragile market, inferior to forecasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2002-01-01

This dossier prepared by the economic mission of the French embassy in Brazil makes a synthesis of the exploration-production and refining activities of the petroleum industry, and of the natural gas distribution market in Brazil: oil reserves and production, Petrobras company, partnership agreements with Petrobras, legal aspects, concessions, projects financing, refining capacity, refinery projects in progress or under study, para-petroleum market perspectives and opportunities, natural gas market development, pipelines network, gas utilities, privatization and foreign participation, lack of expertise and of gas infrastructures and equipments. (J.S.)

Licensing of the Process Uranium Plant Mineral, Retortillo-Santidad; Licenciamiento de la Planta de Proceso de Mineral de Uranio Retortillo-Sanidad

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blazquez Arroyo, E.; Colilla Peletero, J.; Bellon del Rosal, F.; Mancipe Jimenez, D. C.; Garrido Delgado, C.; Garcia-Bermejo Fernandez, R.

2013-07-01

Berkeley Minera Spain, S.A. provides for the operation of the concession Retortillo-Santidad (Salamanca) mining and construction of a beneficiation plant of uranium ore, for the production of uranium concentrate (Yellow cake). In Spain, the project Quercus, ENUSA, obtained the last prior authorization in 1979. Since then, there has been a continuous evolution in the aspects technical and regulatory. This paper is the documentation and content necessary for the licensing of a uranium production plant. In particular, to obtain the prior authorization as radioactive installation of 1st category (RINR).

A Study on the Pricing Policy of Wind Power in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Junfeng, Li; Pengfei, Shi; Jingli, Shi; Hongwen, Xie; Yanqin, Song

2006-10-01

A review is given of the development of wind power and the pricing system in China. In particular, the report looks at the existing wind concession projects and sums up the lessons learned. The report finds that the current tender system for wind pricing needs to be improved in order to build a fair environment for the wind industry competition. Special attention should be paid to restricting the phenomenon of unreasonably low and unreasonably high wind tariffs, to facilitate the long-term development of the Chinese wind industry.

Social absorption capability, systems of innovation and manufactured export response to preferential trade incentives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Na-Allah, Abdelrasaq; Muchie, Mammo

2012-01-01

In many extant analyses of non-reciprocal system of trade preferences, it is typical to focus on the details of market access value of tarrif concessions as explanation for why export beneficiaries may or may not respond to include very often the role that supply related factors can, and do play...... & Opportunity Act apparel trade incentive is used as a classical illustration of this proposition. It is shown that the comparative efficiency of Lesetho, despite emerging from a relatively weak trade performance potential background, in recording the highest level of export success among beneficiaries...

Managing for timber and biodiversity in the Congo Basin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nasi, Robert; Billand, Alain; van Vliet, Nathalie

2012-01-01

concessions) and analyze the existing issues and options for managing actively both timber and biodiversity with a special emphasis on wildlife and the role of certification. A few promising but yet ‘unfinished’ examples do exist in the region and we review these cases to draw lessons and recommendations. We...... contend however that true multiple-use could only be realized by expanding beyond boundaries of formal management units through new innovative land-use units, allowing a spatial cohabitation of the interests of local people, of conservation proponents and of extractive industries in the same management...

Riscos de um investimento de Project Finance sob a ótica do financiador

OpenAIRE

Damasceno, Michele Cristina

2015-01-01

Nos últimos anos temos testemunhado um crescimento econômico no país através da ampliação de sua infraestrutura que abrange rodovias, ferrovias, portos, saneamento e energia. Por meio das concessões do governo grande parte dos projetos de infraestrutura passaram para o âmbito privado, cabendo as empresas privadas a construção, ampliação, manutenção e/ou operação de tais empreendimentos. Para viabilizá-los as empresas precisaram fazer investimentos de grande porte e para isso ...

OPEC's production policies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mabro, R.

1989-01-01

An enlightening study on the workings of OPEC its policies and practices, agreements and disagreements, and how each affects the world petroleum market. The book explores OPEC's production patterns and quota agreements and the relationship between production and pricing policies. Political compromises that have hindered OPEC production agreements and their successful implementation are covered - compromises such as concessions made to the U.A.E. and those resulting from the Gulf war. Notable historical events are cited, and a look into the future at what we can expect of OPEC in coming years concludes the study

Environmental aspects for water power plants along the river Lech

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiechtl, H

1984-03-01

During the past four decades, a number of water power plants has been put up along the river Lech between Fuessen to Augsburg; this section being under the concession of BAWAG. With the present report, the author shows how and by what means water power plants can be designed ecologically beneficial, and he furthermore demonstrates that modern technics and conservation of environment are very well compatible with each other. The use of water power as an indigenous, nonpolluting and constantly regenerating source of energy, also in the future, is pointed out.

Resíduo eletroeletrônico : uma abordagem CTS para promover a prática argumentativa entre alunos do ensino médio

OpenAIRE

Abreu, Daniela Cavalcante de

2014-01-01

As benesses trazidas pelos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos para nosso dia a dia parecem dificultar a percepção dos problemas sociais, políticos, econômicos e ambientais envolvidos no ciclo de vida desses produtos. Levando-se em consideração os inúmeros benefícios e as consequentes mudanças em nosso modo de se comunicar, dificilmente faremos concessões e abriremos mão do uso de computadores, celulares, tablets etc. A despeito dessa complexa relação estabelecida com os equipamentos eletroeletrôn...

POLICY PORT IN LATIN AMERICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Victoria Flores

2012-07-01

Full Text Available This work achieves a contextual approach the port services market in Latin America, from the document review the legal framework and jurisprudence. It observes and evaluates the phenomenon under study, establishing a correlation between the grant in the shape of the free supply and demand for services and operating in a market of few suppliers, resulting in national legislation and concession contracts defending a free market and on the other hand, case law on market practice indicating that there is no free market to defend.

Honduras: World Oil Report 1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

This paper reports that after a lull last year, the Director General of Mines and Hydrocarbons the drilling is expected to resume this year with two onshore tests. Presumably, one of these will be a wildcat by Venezuela's Cambria Resources in the jungle area of the Mosquitia province along the Caribbean coast. Cambria Resources took over the Brus Laguna concession in this area from Bonavista Oil and Mining Corp. and finished a 348-mi seismic survey in 1989. Venezuela's PDVSA subsidiary, Maraven, also signed a deal in April to explore offshore this same area

The Basic Economics of Match Fixing in Sport Tournaments

OpenAIRE

Raul Caruso

2009-01-01

Match-fixing is a recurring phenomenon of sport contests. This paper presents a simple formal model in order to explain them. The intuition behind is that an asymmetry in the evaluation of the stake is the key factor leading to match-fixing or to tacit collusion. In particular, it will be demonstrated that an asymmetry in the evaluation of the stake can lead to a concession from one agent to the other and then to a match-fixing. It is also demonstrated that when the asymmetry in the evaluatio...

A condição obscura: Reflexões sobre as políticas de imigração e controle de estrangeiros em Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Igor José de Renó Machado

2012-11-01

Full Text Available O artigo propõe uma reflexão antropológica sobre as leis portuguesas de controle da imigração e concessão de nacionalidade. Ao mesmo tempo que procuram estabilizar um contingente de imigrantes numa condição vulnerável, as leis, como um todo, compartilham uma noção de aversão à diferença radical, procurando sempre aportuguesar os estrangeiros. Os diferentes mecanismos construídos para atingir esse objetivo são analisados em detalhe.

Uso de engenharia de software no desenvolvimento de sistema especialista fuzzy para auxílio à manutenção preditiva em hidrogeradores

OpenAIRE

LIMA, Bernardo César de Oliveira

2010-01-01

Os hidrogeradores são peças chaves no circuito brasileiro de energia, sua indisponibilidade e mau funcionamento podem causar multas altíssimas a concessionárias aplicadas pela ANEEL por não atenderem a demandas e até por paradas impróprias para efetivar manutenções, além de agravar confiabilidade na garantia do fornecimento aos consumidores finais. Para garantir que isso não venha acontecer, a manutenção preditiva fornece técnicas que podem apontar as falhas analisando os “sinais vitais” orig...

Luz, leis e livre-concorrência: conflitos em torno das concessões de energia elétrica na cidade de São Paulo no início do século XX Light, laws and liberalism: conflicts in the São Paulo's electric light sector during the beninning of the 20th century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Macchione Saes

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo discute o processo de introdução da energia elétrica na cidade de São Paulo no início do século XX. A Proclamação da República marcou o início da modernização das empresas de serviços urbanos, com a introdução da eletricidade. Foi neste contexto que dois grupos iniciaram uma intensa batalha no setor elétrico paulista: o grupo nacional da Companhia Brasileira de Energia Elétrica (CBEE - conhecido também como Docas de Santos - e o canadense Light. A falta de uma legislação federal para o setor de energia elétrica legou às Câmaras Municipais o poder concedente para os serviços de eletricidade, garantindo que as relações políticas entre vereadores e empresários tivessem decisivo papel na instalação de tais serviços. Assim, o artigo descreve o processo de introdução da eletricidade em São Paulo mediante os debates sobre a regulamentação dos serviços públicos, desvendando os critérios políticos ou ideológicos que levaram a conformação de tais leis.This paper discusses the introduction of electric power in the city of São Paulo during the beginning of the 20th century. The Brazilian Republic Proclamation (1889 established the beginning of the public services companies' modernization, which through the enterprises fusion and the arrival of foreign capital allowed the electric power introduction in the main Brazilian cities. Two rival groups started a competition in the São Paulo's electric sector: the national enterprise Companhia Brasileira de Energia Elétrica (CBEE - so called as Docas de Santos - and the Canadian company Light. The inexistence of a federal legislation to electric power services had transformed municipal decisions in deterministic guidelines for utility bids, making municipal lobbying a key instrument in utility concessions. Hence, this paper issues describe the electric power introduction in the city through the debates about the utilities' rules, analyzing the political or

75 FR 29573 - Concession Contracts; Implementation of Alternate Valuation Formula for Leasehold Surrender...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-26

... to establish the required minimum franchise fee for the new contract under the terms of the standard.... Likewise, if a prospective concessioner offered to meet or exceed the minimum franchise fee established by..., its minimum franchise fee will result in a less than fair return to the government. NPS therefore...

77 FR 11798 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Risk Management Initiatives: Revised Seller Concessions...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-28

... Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th Street SW., Room 10276, Washington, DC 20410-0500. 2. Electronic.... Electronic submission of comments allows the commenter maximum time to prepare and submit a comment, ensures...). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments may access this number via TTY by calling the Federal Relay...

Making concessions: Political, commercial and regulatory tensions in accounting for European roads PPPs

OpenAIRE

Stafford, Anne; Acerete, Basilio; Stapleton, Pam

2010-01-01

Governments increasingly use private finance to fund roads infrastructure. In particular the European Commission has promoted the use of public private partnerships (PPPs) to deliver the projects forming the trans-European Network. This use of private finance raises important questions about how public monies and assets are accounted for. The paper examines, first, accounting in both public and private sectors for roads PPPs in Spain and the UK, countries which not only have considerable expe...

77 FR 10695 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Risk Management Initiatives: Revised Seller Concessions

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-23

... history, evaluate the borrower's capacity to repay the loan based on income and current debt, determine if... limited or nontraditional credit history, a credit score may not have been issued by the credit bureaus... losses to the FHA insurance operations than are delinquency rate measures.\\9\\ \\8\\ Loans originated in...

Concessions and contractual agreements: a case study for an offshore project in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Motta, Paula; Andrade, Mauro [Deloitte Petroleum Services, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This paper discusses the government take burden of E and P agreements in Brazil, Angola, Nigeria and Indonesia. A cash flow model is constructed considering the fiscal and regulatory rules of each country. The hypothetical offshore project is more profitable in Brazil than in any the other three countries analyzed and when Brazil's government take is increased to Angola's and Indonesia's values the amount of corporate tax due diminishes leaving the government with a dilemma. (author)

Prática e Formação: Psicólogos na Peritagem em Porte de Arma de Fogo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julia Carolina Rafalski

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Com o desenvolvimento e a crescente atualização da Avaliação Psicológica como área, prática e formação, os diferentes desafios enfrentados pelos psicólogos atuantes nesta temática têm sido discutidos. É pouco comum, contudo, a discussão das práticas e competências dos profissionais que atuam na Concessão de Porte de Arma de Fogo. Com o objetivo de conhecer estas atividades e este contexto de trabalho, foram entrevistados 14 psicólogos atuantes como peritos em concessão de porte de arma de fogo em um estado do Sudeste, sendo todos do sexo feminino, com idades entre 30 e 60 anos (M = 39,1 anos, DP = 7,1 anos. Os resultados apontam que a falta de formação voltada para a peritagem em porte de arma de fogo, bem como a formação deficitária em Avaliação Psicológica, podem conduzir a percepções negativas dentro deste contexto de atuação. A preocupação burocrática e documental que envolve esta avaliação, a falta de parâmetros para avaliação de perfil dos avaliados e o problema do descrédito do psicólogo como avaliador surgiram como temáticas adjacentes, suscitando a discussão do papel da formação na disseminação de melhores práticas profissionais.

The effect of proportional v. value pricing on fountain drink purchases: results from a field experiment.

Science.gov (United States)

Gollust, Sarah E; Tang, Xuyang; Runge, Carlisle Ford; French, Simone A; Rothman, Alexander J

2018-05-15

Reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is a public health priority, yet finding an effective and acceptable policy intervention is challenging. One strategy is to use proportional pricing (a consistent price per fluid ounce) instead of the typical value-priced approach where large beverages offer better value. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether proportional pricing affects the purchasing of fountain beverages at a university cinema concession stand. Four price strategies for beverages were evaluated over ten weekends of film screenings. We manipulated two factors: the price structure (value pricing v. proportional pricing) and the provision of information about the price per fluid ounce (labels v. no labels). The key outcomes were the number and size of beverages purchased. We analysed data using regression analyses, with standard errors clustered by film and controlling for the day and time of purchase. A university cinema concession stand in Minnesota, USA, in spring 2015. University students. Over the study period (360 beverages purchased) there were no significant effects of the proportional pricing treatment. Pairing a label with the standard value pricing increased the likelihood of purchasing large drinks but the label did not affect purchasing when paired with proportional pricing. Proportional prices did not significantly affect the size of beverages purchased by students at a university cinema, but adding a price-per-ounce label increased large drink purchases when drinks were value-priced. More work is needed to address whether pricing and labelling strategies might promote healthier beverage purchases.

The contribution of demographic and morbidity factors to self-reported visit frequency of patients: a cross-sectional study of general practice patients in Australia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Britt Helena

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Understanding the factors that affect patients' utilisation of health services is important for health service provision and effective patient management. This study aimed to investigate the specific morbidity and demographic factors related to the frequency with which general practice patients visit a general practitioner/family physician (GP in Australia. Methods A sub-study was undertaken as part of an ongoing national study of general practice activity in Australia. A cluster sample of 10,755 general practice patients were surveyed through a random sample of 379 general practitioners. The patient reported the number of times he/she had visited a general practitioner in the previous twelve months. The GP recorded all the patient's major health problems, including those managed at the current consultation. Results Patients reported an average of 8.8 visits to a general practitioner per year. After adjusting for other patient demographics and number of health problems, concession health care card holders made on average 2.6 more visits per year to a general practitioner than did non-card holders (p Conclusions Anxiety, back pain and depression are associated with greater patient demand for general practice services than other health problems. The effect of sociodemographic factors on patient utilisation of general practice services is complex. Equity of access to general practice services remains an issue for patients from remote areas, while concession health care card holders are attending general practice more frequently than other patients relative to their number of health problems.

The articles 49 and 50 (10,931/2004 law and the basic right to housing Os arts. 49 e 50 da lei 10.931/2004 e o direito fundamental à moradia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Rodrigues Wambier

2005-12-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the interpretation of articles 49 and 50 of law 10.931/2004, that establish conditions for the concession and maintenance of “provisory decisions” in the actions that have for object decurrent obligation of loan, real estate financing or alienation, concluding that they also possess they “a pedagogical” aspect, in the measure that they guide the debtor in the direction of that: better than take risks that will generate resulted but can not be supported to the end of the process, it is to pay the amount that, admittedly, the creditor is due, allowing, then, the borrower, the full enjoyment of the property right, in the foresee time contractually.Este artigo trata da interpretação dos artigos 49 e 50 da lei 10.931/2004, que estabelecem condições para a concessão e manutenção de liminares nas ações que tenham por objeto a obrigação decorrente de empréstimo, financiamento ou alienação imobiliários, concluindo que possuem eles também um aspecto “pedagógico”, na medida em que orientam o devedor no sentido de que melhor que correr riscos que gerarão resultados que não poderão ser suportados ao final do processo, é pagar a quantia que, reconhecidamente, é devida ao credor, permitindo-se, então, ao mutuário, a fruição plena do direito de propriedade, no tempo previsto contratualmente.

Serbo-Albanian bank in Albania 1925-1927

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mišić Saša

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The Serbo-Albanian Bank was founded at Cetinje in 1922, at the time Yugoslav-Albanian diplomatic relations were established, with the purpose of opening its branch offices in Albania in order to contribute to closer economic relations between the two neighboring countries. The Bank was unable to achieve its goal in the first two years of operation, as it had not obtained the necessary licenses from the Albanian authorities. The branch office in Scutari was opened only in early 1925. Another topical issue at the time was the creation of the Albanian National Bank as the central monetary institution that would function as a regulator of the entire economic life of Albania. Supported by the Yugoslav state, the Serbo-Albanian Bank planned its transformation into an Albanian central bank, but without success. Namely, it was Italian capital that assumed a leading role in the Albanian National Bank founded in September 1925. In spite of this failure, the branch office of the Serbo-Albanian Bank commenced its operations in Albania. Under its roof, it set up the Privileged Trading Agency, and expressed interest in obtaining exploration and excavation concessions for the copper mine in the region of Puka in northern Albania. It was granted the concession by the Albanian government, but failed to set up a copper exploitation company. Facing numerous difficulties, the major of which was lack of the necessary cash for operation and significant business losses in Albania, the branch office was closed in 1927, pursuant to the decision of the Cetinje headquarters.

Balancing Conservation and Economic Sustainability: The Future of the Amazon Timber Industry

Science.gov (United States)

Merry, Frank; Soares-Filho, Britaldo; Nepstad, Daniel; Amacher, Gregory; Rodrigues, Hermann

2009-09-01

Logging has been a much maligned feature of frontier development in the Amazon. Most discussions ignore the fact that logging can be part of a renewable, environmentally benign, and broadly equitable economic activity in these remote places. We estimate there to be some 4.5 ± 1.35 billion m3 of commercial timber volume in the Brazilian Amazon today, of which 1.2 billion m3 is currently profitable to harvest, with a total potential stumpage value of 15.4 billion. A successful forest sector in the Brazilian Amazon will integrate timber harvesting on private lands and on unprotected and unsettled government lands with timber concessions on public lands. If a legal, productive, timber industry can be established outside of protected areas, it will deliver environmental benefits in synergy with those provided by the region’s network of protected areas, the latter of which we estimate to have an opportunity cost from lost timber revenues of 2.3 billion over 30 years. Indeed, on all land accessible to harvesting, the timber industry could produce an average of more than 16 million m3 per year over a 30-year harvest cycle—entirely outside of current protected areas—providing 4.8 billion in returns to landowners and generating 1.8 billion in sawnwood sales tax revenue. This level of harvest could be profitably complemented with an additional 10% from logging concessions on National Forests. This advance, however, should be realized only through widespread adoption of reduced impact logging techniques.

Environmental tributary law: fiscal benefits to companies for protection of the fundamental right to environment Direito tributário ambiental: benefícios fiscais às empresas para proteção do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marlene kempfer Bassoli

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This work demonstrates that, for the materialization of the fundamental right to environment, it is necessary that the State intervenes in the Economic Order so as to implement environmental policies that redirect both private initiative and consumers to desirable practices. For such an aim, the efficiency of economic instruments is emphasized by means of the Environmental Tributary Law. Through tributes or concession of fiscal benefits it is possible to induce appropriate practices. This research confirms that the environmental tributary policies in Brazil should take the form of fiscal benefits, instruments considered more appropriate to discourage pollution and foment responsible environmental practices.Demonstra que para a concretização do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente é necessário que o Estado intervenha na Ordem Econômica a fim de implementar políticas ambientais que redirecionem a racionalidade da iniciativa privada e consumidores a práticas ambientalmente desejáveis. Para tal finalidade, enfatiza-se a eficiência dos instrumentos econômicos por intermédio dos institutos do Direito Tributário Ambiental. Por meio da instituição de tributos ou pela concessão de benefícios fiscais é possível a indução a práticas ambientalmente adequadas. Constata que a política tributária ambiental no Brasil deve ocorrer por intermédio de benefícios fiscais, instrumentos mais apropriados para desestimular a poluição e fomentar práticas ambientais responsáveis.

Les investisseurs étrangers à l’assaut des terres agricoles africaines.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florence Brondeau

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Les terres agricoles africaines sont convoitées par de nombreux investisseurs étrangers, ce qui se matérialise par une accélération des transactions portant sur des concessions foncières à grande échelle. Ces investissements répondent à des enjeux très divers et font l’objet de contrats rudimentaires, dont les clauses exactes sont souvent méconnues. Ce phénomène très médiatisé est extrêmement controversé et suscite de virulentes critiques, alors que les analyses scientifiques sur le sujet sont encore très rares. Au regard des effets pervers pressentis et pour certains déjà perceptibles, il peut être perçu comme une des dérives d’un nouveau modèle de croissance agricole basé sur la promotion de l’agrobusiness.The African farmlands are the object of the greed of numerous foreign investors which materializes by an acceleration of the transactions carrying on the concession of lands on a large-scale. These investments correspond to very diverse stakes and give rise to rudimentary contract the exact clauses which are often underestimated. This very mediatized phenomenon is extremely debated and arouses virulent criticisms while the scientific analyses on the subject are still very rare. Towards the anticipated perverse effects and for some already perceptible, he can be perceived as one of the drift of a new agricultural growth model based on the promotion of the agrobusiness.

Socio-economic development impact of the activities of exploration and production in municipalities; Impacto no crescimento socioeconomico dos municipios que foram contemplados com a atividade de exploracao e producao de petroleo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amorelli Junior, Dirceu C.; Silva, Paulo Alexandre S. [Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

In terms of the Law nr. 9.478 of August 6{sup th}, 1997, called Petroleum Law, all rights to oil and natural gas Exploration and Production - E and P on Brazil territory, are federal property, and is administered by the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency - ANP. The E and P activities are carried out since 1998 through concession contracts, preceded by tender, as established by the above mentioned law. The concession contract disposes on the government participation, including signature bonus; royalties; special participation; and fees for the occupation or retention of area, which are distributed to Federal, States and Municipalities institutions. The royalties are paid monthly in local currency, as from date of the start up of the commercial production of each field, in an amount corresponding to 10% (ten percent) of the production of oil or natural gas. In case of a large production volume, or great profitability, the concessionaires must to pay a special participation regulated by Presidential Decree This work presents the evaluation of Social-Economic Development Impact of the E and P Onshore Activities in Brazilians Municipalities, regarding the performance of local Gross Domestic Product - GDP and the Human Development Index - IDH in these areas. For that, it is used the Differences-in-Differences Estimator - DD and an Artificial Neural Networks as general non-linear function approximation. The results, in both methodologies, confirm the importance of E and P activities to municipal economy and for its social development, despite the short period in force of the Law and the IDH database used, 1991 and 2000. (author)

Francophobia and Interimperial Politics in late Bourbon Puerto Rico: The Duke of Crillón y Mahón’s Failed Negotiations with the Spanish Crown, 1776-1796

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Luis Chinea

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Reconstructs how Louis Balbes des Berton, or Duke of Crillón y Mahón, a Frenchman naturalized as Spaniard, attempted to persuade the Spanish Crown to grant him liberal commercial and colonizing concessions in Puerto Rico in the later 18th c. Author describes how Crillón at first wanted to settle and colonize parts of Santo Domingo near French St Domingue, but the Crown refused this, as part of increased measures against (further foreign encroachments in Spanish territories, and granted him land in Puerto Rico in 1776 instead, for growing sugar, coffee, and other crops. He places this within the context of the Bourbon reforms, aimed at preventing foreign intrusions in more peripheral Spanish colonies like Puerto Rico then, by aligning these with Spanish imperial objectives. Author further relates how Crillón sought to elaborate the land grant through planning, proposals, and several appeals to the Spanish Crown, up to 1796, for concessions to facilitate his introduction and trading in African slaves, and exempting him from certain extant legal taxes and requirements regarding colonists and land sale, aiming to achieve a sort of feudal power. These proposals and appeals, or calls for financial support, were mainly dismissed by the Crown, seemingly for several legal reasons or transgressions. The author argues, however, that while Crillón was avaricious, the Crown's dismissal related as much to Crillón being a foreigner, whose loyalty to Spain seemed doubtful to some Hispanophiles in the Crown's inner circle.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and paracetamol use in Queensland and in the whole of Australia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tett Susan E

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Cross national drug utilization studies can provide information about different influences on physician prescribing. This is important for medicines with issues around safety and quality of use, like non selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ns-NSAIDs and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2 inhibitors. To enable comparison of prescription medicine use across different jurisdictions with a range of population sizes, data first need to be compared within Australia to understand whether use in a smaller sub-population may be considered as representative of the total use within Australia. The aim of this study was to compare the utilization of non selective NSAID, COX-2 inhibitors and paracetamol between Queensland and Australia. Method Dispensing data were obtained for concession beneficiaries for Australia for ns-NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors and paracetamol subsidized by the PBS over the period 1997–2003. The same data were purchased for Queensland. Data were converted to Defined Daily Dose (DDD/1000 beneficiaries/day (World Health Organization anatomical therapeutic chemical classification, 2005. Results Total NSAID and paracetamol consumption were similar in Australia and Queensland. Ns-NSAID use decreased sharply with the introduction of COX-2 inhibitors (from approximately 80 to 40 DDD/1000 beneficiaries/day. Paracetamol was constant (approximately 45 DDD/1000 beneficiaries/day. COX-2 inhibitors consumption was initially higher in Queensland than in the whole of Australia. Conclusion Despite initial divergence in celecoxib use between Queensland and Australia, the use of ns-NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors and paracetamol overall, in concession beneficiaries, was comparable in Australia and Queensland.

EDF - 2005 Consolidated Annual Results - Analysts' Presentation. Consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2005

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-01-01

As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2005 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2005: Consolidated income statements, consolidated balance sheets, consolidated cash flow statements, variation in consolidated equity, notes (group accounting policies, impact of first-time application of IFRs, transition to standards IAS 32 and 39 concerning financial instruments, summary of accounting and valuation methods, public distribution concessions in France, significant events and transactions of 2005, impact of the law of august 9, 2004 on comparability, changes in the scope of consolidation, segment reporting, sales, fuel and energy purchases, other external expenses, contractual obligations and commitments entered into in the course of business, personnel expenses, other operating income and expenses, other income and expenses, financial result, income taxes, basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share, goodwill, other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, investments in companies accounted for under the equity method, financial assets, inventories, including work-in-process, trade receivables, other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale assets and liabilities, equity, provisions, special concession liabilities, current and non-current financial liabilities, derivatives, other liabilities, related parties, greenhouse gas emission quotas, environment, subsequent events, scope of consolidation

Contabilidade de contratos de parcerias público-privada: uma abordagem à luz das normas internacionais do IASB - Accouting for public-private partnerships contracts: an approach in the ligtht of IASB international standards

OpenAIRE

Martins, Vinicius Aversari; Andrade, Maria Elisabeth Moreira Carvalho

2009-01-01

O artigo analisa criticamente a redução normativa do processo de contabilização dos contratos de concessão de parcerias público-privada (PPP) pelo parceiro privado, quando o objetivo do ontrato é para realizar e/ou operar infraestruturas. Tais contratos geram fatos contábeis diversos, com características econômicas distintas, cujas explicações e interpretações dão-se à luz de teorias contábeis e econômicas específicas. É realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre riscos de contratos de PPP, revisã...

Catholicism - Friend or Enemy? Interdepartmental Dispute in Russian Government (1905-1914

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Александр Юрьевич Бендин

2012-03-01

Full Text Available The questions connected to the development of political strategy of the state in the attitude to Catholic church are considered in the article. The special attention is given to the conflict which has arisen in this occasion between the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. This conflict became the result of various approaches to the decision of problems of Russian Catholicism. The Ministry of Internal Affairs was the supporter of a rigid line, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs preferred a policy of concessions and compromises with Vatican. Interdepartmental dispute was finished with the First world war.

Regulation in developing countries is different: avoiding negotiation, renegotiation and frustration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bell, M. [Frontier Economics, London (United Kingdom)

2003-03-01

Developing countries are implementing a wide range of energy sector reforms. All of these involve a series of steps to set up credible contracting frameworks (e.g. regulatory offices, competition commissions). Evidence indicates such regimes are not succeeding in avoiding protracted, expensive renegotiations between private investors and the institutions designed to oversee the new regime. One potential solution is the increased use of options in privatisation contracts. Such options can be designed to decrease the incentive for requests to renegotiate from investors seeking solely to extract further concessions and to provide clear signals about the profitability of investment opportunities. (author)

Offshore Supply Industry Dynamics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Roslyng Olesen, Thomas

The value chains for offshore oil and gas and offshore wind are both basically driven by the demand for energy. This is heavily dependent on a number of factors including the price of various energy sources and the policy making of the states which influence legislation, indirect subsidies...... of services including includes legal advice, financing, insurance etc. The two value chains have a number of activities in common. Both include (1) a tender and concession phase where the energy company obtains the right to explore and produce energy from the authorities. (2) An exploration phase where...

Levantamento e identificação dos símbolos gráficos utilizados para a caracterização de controles e comandos em máquinas agrícolas Classification and identification of the graphic symbols used for the characterization of controls and commands in agricultural machines

OpenAIRE

Airton dos S. Alonço; Mônica R. G. Balestra; Vilnei de O. Dias; Fabrício A. Medeiros

2006-01-01

Os símbolos gráficos utilizados para indicar a função dos comandos e controles das máquinas agrícolas tornam a operação mais segura. Logo, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a simbologia existente nas máquinas agrícolas disponíveis nas quatro principais concessionárias de Santa Maria - RS. No levantamento, foram utilizados como parâmetros os símbolos gráficos recomendados pelas normas técnicas, sendo os existentes nas máquinas estudadas fotografados e posteriormente anotados em plani...

MELHORIA DOS CANAIS DE VENDAS DE SERVIÇOS DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES USANDO TEORIA DAS RESTRIÇÕES E MINERAÇÃO DE DADOS

OpenAIRE

Ribeiro, Willard Silva

2016-01-01

Esta pesquisa diz respeito a melhoria de processos que resultam em aumento no volume de vendas de serviços de telecomunicações em duas concessionárias de telecomunicações no Estado de Goiás por meio da análise de efeitos indesejados (Undesirable Effects, UDEs) sistematizados através de Teoria das Restrições (Theory of Constraints, TOC) aliado ao uso de mineração de dados (Data Mining, DM) nos canais de vendas (Sales Channel, SC) de telefonia fixa e telefonia móvel entre os anos...

Uma abordagem jurídica à questão do ressarcimento de danos elétricos pelas distribuidoras de energia.

OpenAIRE

Ana Carolina Oliveira Salomão

2012-01-01

Com o aumento da necessidade e do consumo da energia elétrica, aliado a uma maior conscientização dos consumidores acerca de seus direitos e deveres perante a sociedade, constatou-se o surgimento de um crescente número de contendas envolvendo estes últimos e as concessionárias de energia elétrica, principalmente no que tange ao setor de distribuição de energia elétrica. Isto se deve à ocorrência de danos ocasionados por falhas na prestação do serviço público de energia elétrica, destacando-se...

Agroindustrialização e incentivos fiscais estaduais em Goiás

OpenAIRE

PARANAIBA, Adriano de Carvalho

2012-01-01

O intuito deste trabalho é compreender como se deu a ocupação territorial da agroindústria em Goiás e a participação dos incentivos fiscais estaduais neste processo. Para tanto, adotou-se como hipótese é que a dinâmica agroindustrial desenvolveu-se em uma formação heterogênea, tanto na ocupação dos complexos agroindustriais, como na concessão dos incentivos fiscais estaduais. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, utilizaram-se dados retirados da Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal (PAM) e dos Censos Agr...

O credit scoring em apoio ao risco de crédito: a identificação de variáveis que contribuem no sucesso da implantação de empresas franqueadas

OpenAIRE

Walter Costa dOliveira

2010-01-01

A concessão de crédito a empresas que participam do mercado consiste na entrega de um ativo em determinado momento, com a promessa de pagamento deste bem ou direito em data futura. Tal situação se configura como um evento incerto, pois existe a possibilidade de que tal obrigação não seja honrada pela promitente compradora, originando desta forma, o risco de crédito. Cabe à parte concessora do ativo que origina o risco de crédito, verificar a capacidade de seu cliente em cumprir o compromisso ...

Gastos tributários, o mito do livre mercado e a ordem socioeconômica brasileira

OpenAIRE

Franco, Bernardo Nacouzi de Mello

2014-01-01

A utilização de instrumentos tributários de estímulo a serviço de políticas econômicas é expediente a que têm recorrido, com significativa frequência, sucessivos governos brasileiros, desde o decênio de 1960. A Constituição de 1988 haveria de introduzir diretrizes para o controle político das concessões de incentivos fiscais, no Brasil: insertas no § 6º, de seu art. 165, estipulam que todo projeto de lei orçamentária deverá ser acompanhado de demonstrativo regionalizado do efeito, sobre as re...

PRICING OF GOVERMENT GARANTEES IN PPP USING REAL OPTIONS: BRAZILIAN HIGH SPEED RAIL CASE STUDY

OpenAIRE

LEANDRO DIMURO MONTEIRO

2014-01-01

A precificação de garantias governamentais em PPP é um tema atual e é resolvido com o uso da teoria de opções reais (TOR). Normalmente, as garantias mínimas de demanda ou receita são modeladas como PUTs em que o concessionário está comprado e o governo vendido e é calculado o ganho que adicionam ao projeto. Entretanto, pouco se discute sobre o cálculo do passivo que tais garantias podem representar para os cofres públicos no longo prazo. Este trabalho usa o segundo edital do...

Uma contribuição ao estudo de harmonicas em sistemas de potencia

OpenAIRE

Francisca Aparecida de Camargo Pires

1991-01-01

Resumo: o presente trabalho é uma contribuição ao estudo de harmônicas em sistemas de potência tanto à nível didático, quanto à nível de planejamento. A nível didático, este trabalho pretende colaborar, preenchendo uma lacuna na formação dos engenheiros eletricistas, que já começa a ser sentida sobretudo nas concessionárias de energia elétrica. Neste sentido, este trabalho passa pelo desenvolvimento analítico dos modelos das principais fontes harmônicas, bem como pelo modelamento dos sistemas...

New contractual trends in world petroleum industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arzu, M.; Clerici, C.

1992-01-01

Oil industry contractual practices have gone through a rapid evolution starting from the 1970's, mainly determined by a change in the relationship between producer and consumer countries. Current steady price trends have led to a new equilibrium causing the petroleum companies and producer countries to re-examine their contractual strategies. This article highlights the new contractual trends in the petroleum industry by tracing the evolution of international business relationships and by comparing the main types of contractual schemes, e.g., concession, production sharing, services and services support, adopted today by the key hydrocarbon producing countries of the world

Bill project aiming at abrogating exclusive search permits for unconventional hydrocarbon searches, and at prohibiting their exploration and exploitation of the national territory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2011-01-01

After having briefly recalled the origin of shale gases, their extraction process and the evolution of their production in the USA, the authors outline the extremely negative environmental impacts of the fracking technique (hydraulic fracturing): water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, existence of numerous drilling sites which would degrade landscapes, water and soil contamination risks. As some search permits have already been awarded, and while taking these negative consequences into account, the authors propose a bill project to prohibit these explorations, to abrogate the existing permits, and to ensure public information before bestowing such search permits and exploitation concessions

Bill project aiming at abrogating exclusive search permits for unconventional hydrocarbon searches, and at prohibiting their exploration and exploitation of the national territory; Proposition de Loi visant a abroger les permis exclusifs de recherches d'hydrocarbures non conventionnels et a interdire leur exploration et leur exploitation sur le territoire national

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-07-01

After having briefly recalled the origin of shale gases, their extraction process and the evolution of their production in the USA, the authors outline the extremely negative environmental impacts of the fracking technique (hydraulic fracturing): water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, existence of numerous drilling sites which would degrade landscapes, water and soil contamination risks. As some search permits have already been awarded, and while taking these negative consequences into account, the authors propose a bill project to prohibit these explorations, to abrogate the existing permits, and to ensure public information before bestowing such search permits and exploitation concessions

Bill project aiming at abrogating exclusive search permits for unconventional hydrocarbon searches, and at prohibiting their exploration and exploitation of the national territory; Proposition de Loi visant a abroger les permis exclusifs de recherches d'hydrocarbures non conventionnels et a interdire leur exploration et leur exploitation sur le territoire national

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-07-01

After having briefly recalled the origin of shale gases, their extraction process and the evolution of their production in the USA, the authors outline the extremely negative environmental impacts of the fracking technique (hydraulic fracturing): water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, existence of numerous drilling sites which would degrade landscapes, water and soil contamination risks. As some search permits have already been awarded, and while taking these negative consequences into account, the authors propose a bill project to prohibit these explorations, to abrogate the existing permits, and to ensure public information before bestowing such search permits and exploitation concessions

Revival of Palagua

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carta Petrolera

1995-01-01

In Palagua, a extinct oil concession, of the Magdalena Medio (Colombia) the environmental aspects, changes day by day to the compass of the technical and human effort of ECOPETROL; natural pools that accumulated oily during decades, mud and other residuals of the oil exploitation and they caused focuses of contamination, today in day they are in extinction way. The residual waters, produced jointly with the petroleum, are reinjected to the underground after going by a complex purification process. The solids residuals, receives treatment adapted in built sanitary filler with modern techniques for the gases escape and liquids produced by the materials decomposition

Regulations on investment breaks and exemptions from capital gains tax of natural persons in some European jurisdictions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Maria Panasiuk

2011-12-01

Full Text Available In European countries diverse mechanisms of taxing profits on capital gains of private persons are applicable. Among other things, they consist in diversified politics of concessions and tax exemptions, which then translates itself into the level of the effective fiscal burden of these incomes. In the article, the author describes tax breaks and other kinds of subsidies in some countries, facilitating the development of newly-established companies. They are aimed at stimulating the development of local economy and entrepreneurship, and, on a long-term basis, they are connected with expectations of the increase of the treasury budget incomes.

Gestão da informação em pequenas e médias empresas: o impacto das tecnologias de inforamção na Auto Comercial Diamantina S.A

OpenAIRE

Maria da Graca Eulalio de Souza Bertucci

2003-01-01

Esta pesquisa procurou descrever e analisar o impacto das tecnologias de informação e comunicação - TICs - na gestão de pequenas e médias empresas - PME - não metropolitanas. Para isto foi selecionada a Auto Comercial Diamantina S.A, em Diamantina, Minas Gerais, uma concessionária de veículos da rede Volkswagen. Como o estudo pretendeu analisar a relação das TICs na gestão da informação, considerando influências culturais da organização e as caracterírticas das PMEs, foram estabelecidas e est...

A nacionalidade potestativa: o problema da fixação de residência e da opção, a qualquer tempo

OpenAIRE

Bezerra Frota Júnior, Francisco

2004-01-01

A teoria tradicional da nacionalidade classifica a nacionalidade em originária e derivada. A nacionalidade originária é a que se adquire no momento do nascimento; a nacionalidade derivada, a que se adquire após o nascimento. Esta teoria é insuficiente para explicar o fenômeno da nacionalidade em toda a sua plenitude. Nacionalidade é ato de soberania. É fato jurídico. É o Estado que diz quem são os seus nacionais através de atribuição e de concessão. Os efeitos do ato de atri...

Piquet Caroline, Histoire du canal de Suez, Paris, Perrin, 2009, 372 p.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudine Piaton

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Les études sur l'histoire du canal de Suez connaissent un regain d'intérêt chez les historiens français. Nathalie Montel avait ouvert la voie en 1998 en publiant un ouvrage passionnant sur le percement du canal, Le chantier du canal de Suez, 1859-1869. Une histoire des pratiques techniques. L'étude s'arrêtait à l'ouverture du canal en 1869, laissant le champ libre à de futurs travaux. La publication en 2008 de l'ouvrage de Caroline Piquet, La Compagnie du canal de Suez, une concession françai...

A logística como ferramenta eficaz no transporte urbano de passageiros: o caso da empresa de transporte metropolitano Belém Rio

OpenAIRE

Espirito Santo, Rodivaldo Brito do

2010-01-01

Este estudo trata a questão da Logística na operacionalização do transporte público por ônibus da Região Metropolitana de Belém - RMB, particularmente, da concessionária Empresa Belém Rio, que atua na Capital do Pará. O foco principal foi perceber se existem indicadores de desempenho eficaz na operacionalização mais racional e equilibrada desse modal de transporte. A pesquisa foi conduzida por uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos da Logística e suas operações, como também da...

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS VARIÁVEIS MACROECONÔMICAS E A CONCESSÃO DE CRÉDITO NO MERCADO IMOBILIÁRIO BRASILEIRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mari Eldionara Rosa Machado

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Crises econômicas não são recentes na economia mundial, sendo que uma das primeiras ocorreu ainda no século XVII, a tulipmania na Holanda. A mais recente, uma bolha especulativa no mercado imobiliário dos Estados Unidos em 2008, despertou o interesse de alguns pesquisadores em analisar o comportamento do mercado imobiliário de diversos países. Para mitigar os efeitos da crise que se alastrou pelo mundo, o governo brasileiro tomou diversas medidas anticíclicas, e uma delas foi reduzir as regras para concessão de crédito de forma a aumentar a oferta de financiamento em diversos setores. No mercado imobiliário, essa ampliação de crédito resultou em um aumento expressivo do preço dos imóveis, e diante disso surgiu a preocupação da possibilidade de ocorrência de uma bolha especulativa neste setor. Nesse sentido, este estudo irá analisar se as variáveis macroeconômicas conseguem explicar o comportamento do montante de concessão de crédito para o setor imobiliário. Para isso, a metodologia utilizada foi o método de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários – MQO. As variáveis foram analisadas nas primeiras diferenças dos logaritmos.  Os resultados das estimações do estudo mostraram que as variáveis mais significativas foram as diferenças das variáveis taxa básica de juros SELIC, a renda média do trabalho principal RENDA e o montante de dinheiro disponível no mercado M1, em suas respectivas defasagens. No entanto, nas estimativas realizadas o poder explicativo do modelo não foi superior a cerca de 20%, o que pode indicar que as variáveis que explicam o comportamento do volume da concessão de crédito não foram identificadas pelos estudos existentes no mercado brasileiro. Pode, ainda, ser indício de que o comportamento do mercado imobiliário não está sendo explicado pelos fundamentos econômicos e de que há um sinal de um comportamento de bolha especulativa no setor. Um dos entraves do estudo está na limitação dos

Private sector financing of projects - implementation of the BAKUN hydroelectric project in Malaysia; Private Projektfinanzierung - Errichtung der Wasserkraftanlage Bakun in Malaysia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Failer, E. [Lahmeyer International GmbH, Frankfurt am Main (Germany)

1998-07-01

The BAKUN Hydroelectric Power Project in Malaysia represents, alongside the Three Gorges Project in China, one of today's most closely observed hydropower projects. The Bakun Project features a generating capacity of 2 520 MW, a 205 m high concrete face rockfill dam and a 1 320 km long power transmission system from Sarawak (Borneo) to West Malaysia. Implementation costs are estimated at around DM 10 000 million. In December 1996 the concession to construct and operate the Bakun Project for a period of 30 years on a BOT (build-operate-transfer) basis was granted to the Bakun Hydro-Electric Corporation, a private project development company. A US-Dollar million contract was awarded one year prior to this concession, to construct the river diversion works in advance. Completion of the three concrete-lined diversion tunnels, each with an inner diameter of 12 m, is scheduled for the end of 1998. After a brief overview of the Bakun Project, the paper describes a typical structure of the parties involved and the legal framework for BOT project finance. The most important features of the concession agreement, the power purchase agreement (PPA) and the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract are explained. Finally, the paper emphasizes that in future the water resources engineer will have to be more involved with topics such as fixed-price contracts, risk management, turnkey solutions and project finance. (orig.) [German] Mit einer geplanten installierten Leistung von 2 520 MW, einem 205 m hohen Steinschuettdamm mit Betonoberflaechendichtung, einem 1 320 km langen Energieuebertragungssystem von Sarawak (Borneo) nach Westmalaysia und mit Projektkosten von ca. 10 Mrd. DM stellt das BAKUN-Wasserprojekt in Malaysia, neben dem Dreischluchtenprojekt in China, eines der meist beachteten Wasserkraftprojekte der Gegenwart dar. Im Dezember 1996 erhielt die private Projektentwicklungsgesellschaft 'Bakun Hydro-Electric Corporation' die Konzession, das