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  1. Marcadores RAPD para la identificación del sexo en papaya (Carica papaya L. en Colombia

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    Chaves-Bedoya Giovanni

    2009-08-01

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    La determinación del sexo en plantas de papaya es considerado un sistema intrigante, debido a que esta especie presenta tres sexos (macho, hembra y hermafrodita determinados por un locus multialélico. Además, esta especie no presenta cromosomas sexuales morfológicamente diferenciables. Los marcadores moleculares pueden asociarse a características de interés, como en el presente caso, al sexo en plántulas de papaya. Con el objetivo de identificar marcadores moleculares que permitan una rápida identificación del sexo en genotipos colombianos de plántulas de papaya, se aplicó la técnica RAPD (ampliación aleatoria de polimorfismos del ADN. El estudio encontró tres marcadores RAPD polimórficos, los cuales permitieron diferenciar los sexos de la papaya. Dos marcadores fueron específicos para plantas macho y hermafrodita, y un tercero para plantas hembra. Estos nuevos marcadores moleculares podrán ser beneficiosos en la determinación del sexo en genotipos colombianos de papaya.

  2. Genética poblacional de cobayas de Colombia, Cavia spp. (Rodentia: Caviidae con marcadores moleculares RAPD

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    Héctor Aníbal Campos

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available En el presente estudio, mostramos los primeros resultados moleculares de formas colombianas de Cavia. Claramente, la población silvestre de C. anolaimae fue genéticamente diferenciada de la forma doméstica, C. porcellus, tal como ha sido demostrado por otros autores utilizando resultados morfométricos, osteológicos y cariotípicos. Ambas especies mostraron un considerable nivel de diversidad genética, aunque el segundo taxon mostró niveles mayores de esta diversidad. Los niveles de heterogeneidad genética también fueron mayores entre las poblaciones de C. porcellus (F ST = 0.254 que entre las poblaciones de C. anolaimae (F ST = 0.118. Esos niveles significativos de heterogeneidad genética, y los consiguientes bajos niveles de flujo génico, fueron discutidos comparativamente con los resultados por otros autores analizando otros marcadores moleculares (citocromo-b mitocondrial. Los resultados aquí mostrados son coherentes con un complejo proceso de domesticación en Cavia porcellus.Population genetics of Colombian Guinea Pigs, Cavia spp. (Rodentia: Caviidae with RAPD molecular markers. The genus Cavia occurs in South America, mainly in grasslands.. We collected blood samples from 97 individuals in six field populations and analyzed them with RAPD molecular markers. One wild type (C. anolaimae was differentiated from the domestic form (C. porcellus, in agreement with other authors who used morphological, osteological and karyotipic results. Genetic diversity was considerable in both species, but higher in C. porcellus. The levels of genetic heterogeneity were also higher among the populations of C. porcellus (F ST = 0.254 than among the populations of C. anolaimae (F ST = 0.118. These significant levels of genetic heterogeneity, and the low levels of gene flow, were consistent with a complex domestication process for Cavia porcellus. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (3: 1481-1501. Epub 2008 September 30.

  3. MARCADORES MOLECULARES ASOCIADOS CON RESISTENCIA A LA ENFERMEDAD PUNTA MORADA EN PAPA

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    Ferm\\u00EDn Orona-Castro

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar marcadores DNA Polimórfico Amplificado al Azar (RAPDs y Secuencias Simples Repetidas (SSR s también conocidos como Mi crosatélites asocia dos con la resistencia al daño causado por fitoplasmas en papa. Se evaluó la severidad de la punta morada de la papa (PMP y la apa rición de color pardo en el tubérculo, así como también se realizaron análisis moleculares en varie dades y líneas avanzadas de papa . El estudio se realizó en el laboratorio de biotecnología de la Facultad de Cie ncia s Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - Instituto Na cional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INI FAP, México en el 2003 y 2004. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron RAPDs y SSRs también conocido microsatélites. Tres genotip os mostraron resistencia a la apa rición del color pardo deltubérculo, mie ntras que del análisis molecular seis materia les formaron un grupo que incluyó los genotip os con valores de daño mínimos (entre uno y tres de la escala. Los genotip os restantes formaron dos grupos con presencia de color pardo en el tubérculo mayor (entre cinco y siete. Se identificaron marcadores moleculares posiblemente asocia dos con tolerancia a la coloración parda del tubérculo. En el análisis de componentes principa les y el dendograma generado los materia les que presentaron menor severidad de daño, quedaron incluidos en un mismo grupo, mie ntras que materia les con mayor severidad de daño quedaron en un grupo diferente

  4. INCREMENTAR LA EFICIENCIA PRODUCTIVA DE CULTIVOS ACUICOLAS: MEJORAMIENTO GENETICO MEDIANTE EL USO DE MARCADORES DE ADN

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    DIAZ PEREZ, NELSON FELIX

    2013-01-01

    Se realizó un proyecto de I+D a través del cual se identificaron, caracterizaron y seleccionaron marcadores de ADN del tipo RAPD-SCAR, RFLP, SSR, ADNmt e ITS, en el genoma de especies de salmones, truchas, abalones y mitílidos. Los marcadores fueron seleccionados en vistas a generar servicios con marcadores de ADN y asesoría genética para identificar organismos, detectar asociación con características específicas de importancia productiva, y así contribuir a su selección gen...

  5. Análise da recuperação do genitor recorrente em maracujazeiro-azedo por meio de marcadores RAPD Recovery analysis of recurrent genitor in sour passion fruit through RAPD markers

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    Kenia Gracielle da Fonseca

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de maracujá, entretanto tem-se observado redução na produtividade do maracujazeiro nos últimos anos, devido, principalmente, a fatores fitossanitários. Na Embrapa Cerrados, a transferência de genes de resistência de espécies silvestres para as comerciais de maracujazeiro tem sido feita por meio de hibridações interespecíficas seguidas de um programa de retrocruzamentos auxiliados por marcadores moleculares. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a recuperação do genoma recorrente nas plantas RC4 e RC5 [(Passiflora edulis x Passiflora setacea x Passiflora edulis ] com base em marcadores RAPD. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular da Embrapa Cerrados. Amostras de DNA de cada material genético (17 plantas RC4, 16 plantas RC5, Passiflora edulis e Passiflora setacea foram amplificadas para obtenção de marcadores RAPD. Foram utilizados 12 primers decâmeros para as plantas RC4 e 14 primers decâmeros para as plantas RC5. Os marcadores RAPD gerados foram convertidos em matriz de dados binários. Verificou-se alta porcentagem de marcadores polimórficos em consequência do cruzamento-base interespecífico. A menor similaridade genética foi observada entre as espécies P. edulis e P. setacea, evidenciando a grande distância genética dessas espécies.Brazil is the largest world producer of passion fruit, however, it has been observed a reduction in the productivity in recent years due, mainly, to phytosanitary factors. At Embrapa Cerrados, the transfer of resistance genes from wild to commercial species of passion fruit has been made through interspecific hybridations, followed by a backcrossing molecular marker-assisted program. The objective this work was to verify the recovery of recurrent genome at the plants RC4 and RC5 [(Passiflora edulis x Passiflora setacea x Passiflora edulis] based on RAPD markers. The study was developed at Embrapa Cerrados

  6. Caracterização molecular de butiazeiro por marcadores RAPD Molecular characterization of Pindo palm by RAPD markers

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    Adrise Medeiros Nunes

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available O grupo botânico Arecaceae é de extremo interesse por compreender plantas em extinção e por apresentar um grande potencial de exploração econômica. O butiazeiro (Butia capitata (Mart. Becc. ocorre naturalmente no Sul do Brasil. Sua caracterização molecular é de extremo interesse para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento genético. Assim sendo, verificou-se a variabilidade genética existente entre vinte e dois genótipos de butiazeiro da espécie (Butia capitata, pertencentes ao BAG (Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de frutíferas nativas do Centro Agropecuário da Palma - UFPel. Esses genótipos foram analisados usando marcadores do tipo RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Um total de 136 fragmentos foram obtidos, sendo 77 polimórficos. O primer OPA11 apresentou maior polimorfismo, produzindo 9 perfis diferentes. A análise de agrupamento, realizada pelo método UPGMA, produziu um dendrograma que permitiu a clara separação dos genótipos em dois grupos principais. Verificou-se que, com a técnica de marcadores de RAPD, foi possível obter um perfil molecular único e uma estimativa da variabilidade existente entre os genótipos de butiazeiro avaliados.The study of the botanical group Arecaceae is of extreme interest for evolving several endangered species of plants and for presenting a great potential of economical exploration. The Pindo palm (or wine palm, jelly palm (Butia capitata (Mart. Becc. is natural from the south of Brazil. Its molecular characterization is of extreme interest for future researches of genetic improvement. Since little is known about the variability of the species, the existent genetic variability was verified among twenty-two genotypes of Pindo palm (or wine palm, jelly palm, from BAG (Germoplasm Assets Bank of fruit trees native from the Agricultural Center of the Palma - UFPEL, which were analyzed using markers RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA with Operon Technologies' decamers primers. With 21 primers

  7. CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS E VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA DE ARATICUM UTILIZANDO MARCADORES RAPD E MICROSSATÉLITES

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    MARCELA VERSIANI VENÂNCIO PIRES

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade genética da coleção de trabalho de acessos de araticum da Embrapa Cerrados e outros materiais próximos ao Distrito Federal, utilizando marcadores moleculares RAPD, microssatélites e análise de características morfológicas. Folhas de 18 acessos de araticum foram coletadas e utilizadas para a extração das amostras de DNA genômico, as quais foram amplificadas para obtenção de marcadores moleculares RAPD e microssatélites. Na análise morfológica, foram avaliadas 23 características dos acessos de araticum. As dissimilaridades genéticas entre os 18 genótipos de araticum evidenciaram a variabilidade genética dos acessos e as análises de agrupamento levaram à formação de três grupos de similaridade. Verificaram-se coeficientes de dissimilaridades genéticas baixos entre os materiais oriundos da Embrapa Cerrados e altos entre os outros materiais. Esses acessos são importantes fontes de variabilidade para o enriquecimento da atual coleção de trabalho da Embrapa Cerrados e para futuros estudos de caracterização morfológica e agronômica.

  8. Diversidade genética de porta-enxertos cítricos baseada em marcadores moleculares RAPD

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    Schäfer Gilmar

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a diversidade genética, através do marcador molecular RAPD, dos porta-enxertos da Coleção de Citros da Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS e acessos de porta-enxertos cítricos coletados em viveiristas da Região do Vale do Rio Caí do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, coletaram-se folhas de nove porta-enxertos cítricos da EEA/UFRGS e de dez acessos de trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata de viveiristas. Com o uso de nove seqüências inicializadoras, foi possível separar os porta-enxertos cítricos em dois grupos principais, um formado pelo limoeiro ?Cravo? e outro pelo trifoliata e seus híbridos, apresentando alta dissimilaridade genética entre os grupos. Marcadores moleculares RAPD foram eficientes para caracterizar variedades de porta-enxertos de citros e para separar o porta-enxerto P. trifoliata de seus híbridos podendo serem utilizados para caracterização de plantas matrizes, análise de variabilidade genética entre genitores em programas de melhoramento genético de porta-enxertos e para identificar a origem sexual ou nucelar de mudas de trifoliata em viveiros comerciais.

  9. Diversidade genética de pitayas nativas do cerrado com base em marcadores RAPD Genetic diversity of native pitaya native from brazilian savannas with basis on RAPD markers

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    Keize Pereira Junqueira

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available As pitayas do Cerrado vegetam naturalmente sobre maciços rochosos de arenito ou quartzito, troncos de árvores e em solos arenosos de campos rupestres de Minas Gerais, Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Tocantins, Rio de Janeiro e Bahia, havendo fortes evidências de que a região central do Brasil seja o maior centro de dispersão das pitayas, tendo em vista a grande diversidade fenotípica observada em acessos coletados. Objetivou-se realizar o estudo da diversidade genética de 13 acessos de pitayas mantidos na coleção de germoplasma da Embrapa Cerrados por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. O DNA genômico de cada acesso foi extraído, e quatorze iniciadores decâmeros foram utilizados para a obtenção de marcadores moleculares RAPD, que foram convertidos em matriz de dados binários, a partir da qual foram estimadas as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos com base no complemento do coeficiente de similaridade de Nei e Li (1979 e realizadas análises de agrupamento e de dispersão gráfica. Foram obtidos 162 marcadores RAPD, perfazendo uma média de 11,57 marcadores por primer. Do total de marcadores, 154 (95,06% foram polimórficos. As distâncias genéticas variaram entre 0,088 e 0,848, sendo que os maiores valores observados se referem a distância entre o acesso de Unaí-MG e o acesso Seleção Embrapa Cerrados. O acesso que mais se diferenciou dos demais foi "Unaí-MG", que apresentou uma distância genética média de 0,675 em relação aos demais acessos. A alta distância genética verificada é devido ao fato de os referidos acessos não pertencerem à mesma espécie. Os agrupamentos dos acessos de pitaya pouco se relacionaram com a origem geográfica dos mesmos. A grande diversidade genética das pitayas encontradas no Cerrado permite incluir esse Bioma no centro de diversidade e abre boas perspectivas para maiores estudos acerca do potencial dessa frutífera.Brazilian savanna pitayas

  10. Caracterización de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp. con marcadores moleculares RAPD

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    Julieta Torres Jaramillo

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Se utilizó la técnica RAPD (amplificación al azar de ADN polimórfico para el estudio de la diversidad genética de Oreochromis sp. (tilapia roja en cinco piscícolas del Valle del Cauca (Colombia y en la determinación del nivel de introgresión de las especies parentales Oreochromis mosambicus, O. niloticus y O. aureus. Se evaluaron 25 cebadores, ocho fueron polimórficos y se obtuvieron 109 bandas. Los valores de heterocigosidad esperada (0.196 a 0.256 y la estructura genética (Gst = 0.22 para Oreochromis sp. indicaron un elevado grado de polimorfismo y alta estructuración genética. Estos resultados fueron consistente con el Fst = 0.268 (P < 0.0001 dado por el Amova y el Gst = 0.040 del análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Los valores de similitud genética, el análisis de grupo, el análisis de correspondencia múltiple y el nivel de introgresion, indicaron diferencias significativas (P<0.0001 en los niveles de introgresión. El bajo nivel de diferenciación genética entre poblaciones podría ser el resultado de peces con el mismo origen genético y la alta variación dentro de poblaciones se puede presentar por prácticas de manejo. La introgresión entre piscícolas es significativa para O. aureus, mientras que las especies O. niloticus y O. mosambicus se encuentran introgresadas de forma similar en las poblaciones de Oreochromis sp.

  11. Diversidade genética em cultivares locais e comerciais de feijão baseada em marcadores RAPD Genetic diversity in cultivars and landraces of common bean based on RAPD markers analysis

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    Beatriz Marti Emygdio

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade genética dentro e entre cultivares locais e comerciais de feijão, por meio de marcadores RAPD, e avaliar a capacidade destes em agrupar genótipos de feijão de acordo com o centro de domesticação e coloração de semente. Foram avaliadas 35 cultivares, 13 comerciais e 22 locais, de diversas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. As distâncias genéticas foram obtidas pelo complemento do coeficiente de similaridade de Sorensen-Dice e a representação simplificada destas distâncias realizada mediante um dendrograma. Marcadores RAPD foram eficientes ao agrupar cultivares de acordo com o centro de domesticação, mas não foram capazes de separar as cultivares de acordo com a coloração da semente. Cultivares locais e comerciais, mesoamericanas, foram agrupadas separadamente. Cultivares comerciais, em cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul apresentam alto grau de similaridade.The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity within and among cultivars and landraces of common bean from RAPD markers analysis, and to evaluate the capacity of this markers in clustering common bean genotypes according to domestication centers and seed color. Thirty five common bean genotypes including 13 commercial cultivars and 22 landraces, from State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were evaluated. Genetic distances were calculated using Sorensen-Dice's similarity coefficient, displayed in a dendrogram. RAPD markers were efficient in separating cultivars and landraces according to domestication centers, but not according to seed color. Mesoamerican commercial cultivars and landraces have been clustered in different groups. A high degree of similarity was observed among cultivars in use in Rio Grande do Sul.

  12. Caracterización de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp. con marcadores moleculares RAPD

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    Muñoz Jaime Eduardo

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Se utilizó la técnica RAPD (amplificación al azar de ADN polimórfico para el estudio de la diversidad genética de Oreochromis sp. (tilapia roja en cinco piscícolas del Valle del Cauca (Colombia y en la determinación del nivel de introgresión de las especies parentales Oreochromis mosambicus, O. niloticus y O. aureus. Se evaluaron 25 cebadores, ocho fueron polimórficos y se obtuvieron 109 bandas. Los valores de heterocigosidad esperada (0.196 a 0.256 y la estructura genética (Gst = 0.22 para Oreochromis sp. indicaron un elevado grado de polimorfismo y alta estructuración genética. Estos resultados fueron consistente con el Fst = 0.268 (P < 0.0001 dado por el Amova y el Gst = 0.040 del análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Los valores de similitud genética, el análisis de grupo, el análisis de correspondencia múltiple y el nivel de introgresion, indicaron diferencias significativas (P<0.0001 en los niveles de introgresión. El bajo nivel de diferenciación genética entre poblaciones podría ser el resultado de peces con el mismo origen genético y la alta variación dentro de poblaciones se puede presentar por prácticas de manejo. La introgresión entre piscícolas es significativa para O. aureus, mientras que las especies O. niloticus y O. mosambicus se encuentran introgresadas de forma similar en las poblaciones de Oreochromis sp.

  13. Variabilidade genética de acessos silvestres e comerciais de Passiflora edulis Sims. com base em marcadores RAPD Genetic variability of wild and commercial passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims. accessions using RAPD markers

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    Graciele Bellon

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available No Cerrado brasileiro, há uma grande diversidade de cores, tamanhos e aromas de frutos em acessos silvestres de P. edulis. Estes acessos também são importantes fontes de resistência a doenças, podendo ser incorporados em programas de melhoramento genético do maracujazeiro azedo. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a variabilidade genética existente em acessos silvestres e comerciais de P. edulis utilizando-se de marcadores RAPD. O DNA genômico de cada acesso foi extraído e amplificado com treze iniciadores decâmeros (OPD-04, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPD-16, OPE-18, OPE-20, OPF-01, OPF-14, OPG-05, OPG-08, OPH-04, OPH-12 e OPH-16 para a obtenção dos marcadores RAPD. Os marcadores obtidos foram convertidos em uma matriz de dados binários, a partir da qual foram estimadas as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos e realizadas análises de agrupamento e de dispersão gráfica. Um total de 187 marcadores foi gerado, sendo que apenas 28 (14,97% deles foram monomórficos. As distâncias genéticas entre os 15 acessos de maracujazeiro variaram de 0,091 a 0,496. Os marcadores moleculares demonstraram a alta variabilidade genética dos acessos de P. edulis, sendo que os acessos de frutos amarelos apresentaram maior distanciamento em relação aos de frutos roxos. Menores distâncias genéticas foram verificadas entre os acessos de mesma origem geográfica.There are a great diversity of colors, sizes and aromas of fruits in wild accessions of P. edulis in Brazilian Savannah. These accessions are also important resistance sources against illness which can be incorpored in passionfruit breeding programs. In this work, the objetive was to evaluate the genetic variability in wild and commercial P. edulis accessions using RAPD markers. The genomic DNA of each accession was extracted and amplified using thirteen decamer primers (OPD-04, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPD-16, OPE-18, OPE-20, OPF-01, OPF-14, OPG-05, OPG-08, OPH-04, OPH-12 and OPH-16 to obtain RAPD markers

  14. Variabilidade genética de acessos de pitaya com diferentes níveis de produção por meio de marcadores RAPD Pitaya accesses genetic variability with different pruduction levels through RAPD markers

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    Keize Pereira Junqueira

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available A espécie de pitaya mais cultivada atualmente é Hylocereus undatus, a pitaya-vermelha-de-polpa-branca. Colômbia e México são os principais produtores mundiais e, devido à sua rusticidade, a pitaya é considerada uma alternativa potencialmente viável também para o aproveitamento de solos pedregosos, arenosos e maciços rochosos. Apesar da crescente demanda, ainda não há uma cultivar lançada no mercado que atenda às necessidades climáticas de produção e às exigências do consumidor brasileiro. O presente trabalho é parte do programa de seleção e melhoramento da pitaya CPAC PY-01 da Embrapa Cerrados. Objetivou-se realizar o estudo da variabilidade genética de 16 acessos de pitayas mantidos na coleção de germoplasma da Embrapa Cerrados, apresentando diferentes características fenotípicas relacionadas especialmente à produção, por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. O DNA genômico de cada acesso foi extraído, e onze iniciadores decâmeros foram utilizados para a obtenção de marcadores moleculares RAPD, que foram convertidos em matriz de dados binários, a partir da qual foram estimadas as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos e realizadas análises de agrupamento e de dispersão gráfica. Foram obtidos 111 marcadores RAPD, perfazendo uma média de 10,1 marcadores por primer, dos quais 45 (40,54% foram polimórficos. As distâncias genéticas entre os 16 acessos variaram entre 0,006 e 0,148. As maiores distâncias genéticas foram obtidas entre os acessos "52" e "61", sendo que, em 2007, o primeiro produziu mais de 25 frutos, e o segundo, nenhum. Assim, deduz-se que, nesse caso, a próvável causa da variação seja genotípica. As menores distâncias genéticas foram constatadas entre os acessos "63"e "55" e entre "19"e "59". Os dois grupos apresentaram valores de produção próximos. Os marcadores moleculares RAPD mostraram que, mesmo dentro da mesma espécie, há variabilidade gen

  15. Polymorphism of the grasshopper Rhammatocerus schistocercoides populations revealed by RAPD Polimorfismo em populações do gafanhoto Rhammatocerus schistocercoides revelado por marcadores RAPD

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    João Batista Tavares da Silva

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to study the genetic variability of the grasshopper Rhammatocerus schistocercoides (Orthoptera: Acrididae using RAPD analysis among individuals from three populations, one from Colombia and two from Brazil (Goiás and Mato Grosso States. Ninety scorable binary markers were obtained by fingerprinting with 11 oligonucleotide primers. Most of the polymorphism was attributed to 42 markers with variable frequency among the different populations. Although the existence of significant difference among populations (PO objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade genética do gafanhoto Rhammatocerus schistocercoides (Orthoptera: Acrididae por meio da análise de RAPD entre indivíduos de três populações, uma da Colômbia e duas do Brasil (Goiás e Mato Grosso. Noventa marcadores binários foram selecionados através de análise de polimorfismo com o uso de 11 oligonucleotídeos. A maior parte do polimorfismo observado foi atribuída a 42 marcadores com freqüência variável entre as diferentes populações. Apesar da existência de diferença significativa interpopulacional (P<0,0001, grande proporção da variabilidade genética foi detectada dentro das populações (87,7% da variação total. As distâncias entre as populações colombianas e brasileiras foram 0,12 (P<0,0001 e 0,18 (P<0,0001 para Goiás e Mato Grosso, respectivamente. A distância obtida entre Goiás e Mato Grosso foi 0,06 (P<0,0001. Estes dados indicam que as diferenças fenotípicas entre populações estão associadas principalmente às distâncias geográficas entre as populações do Brasil e a da Colômbia.

  16. AVALIAÇÃO DE PLANTAS MATRIZES DE ABACAXIZEIRO CULTIVAR SMOOTH CAYENNE UTILIZANDO MARCADORES RAPD E PADRÕES ISOENZIMÁTICOS EVALUATION OF MATRIX PLANTS OF PINEAPPLE SMOOTH CAYENNE CULTIVAR BY RAPD AND ISOZYMES ANALYSIS

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    MARIA VITÓRIA CECCHETTI GOTTARDI

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Foram coletadas, em área comercial da fazenda Córrego dos Bois, município de Canápolis -- MG, 20 plantas matrizes de abacaxizeiro cultivar Smooth Cayenne, para avaliação de similaridade e padrões genotípicos através de marcadores moleculares RAPD e padrões isoenzimáticos. As plantas matrizes foram selecionadas mediante as seguintes características: planta sadia, frutos cilíndricos, ausência de fasciação, pedúnculo curto, ausência de espinhos nas folhas, "olho" do fruto chato e peso dos frutos entre 1,6 a 2,2kg. Para análise de marcadores RAPD, foram testados 100 "primers", dos quais, 43 foram eficientes na amplificação das amostras, onde foram observados padrões de bandas diferentes entre as plantas matrizes utilizadas, indicando a existência de variabilidade genética. Nos padrões isoenzimáticos, dos 15 sistemas utilizados para revelação das amostras, 8 apresentaram atividade enzimática, sendo 5 deles com baixa resolução; entretanto, estes sistemas não foram eficientes em diferenciar as amostras devido à ausência de polimorfismoTwenty matrix plants of pineapple cultivar Smooth Cayenne were collected from commercial area in the farm Córrego dos Bois, Canápolis city - MG, to evaluate similarity and genotypes patterns by both molecular markers, RAPD and isozymes analysis. Collected matrix plants presented the following characteristics: healthy plants, cylindrical fruits, no fasciation, short peduncle, spineless leaves, boring bubilles and fruit weight between 1,6 to 2,2kg. One hundred primers were tested to analyze RAPD patterns, within them, 43 were efficient to amplify the samples. Distinct patterns were observed among the matrix plants indicating that there is genetic variability. In relation to isozyme profiles, 15 isoenzyme systems were tested but only 8 revealed enzymatic activity, where 5 of them presented low resolution. In spite of this, the 8 systems weren't efficient to differentiate the samples not

  17. Caracterización de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp. con marcadores moleculares RAPD Characterization of the red tilapia Oreochromis sp. through molecular markers RAPD

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    Julieta Torres Jaramillo

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Se utilizó la técnica RAPD (amplificación al azar de ADN polimórfico para el estudio de la diversidad genética de Oreochromis sp. (tilapia roja en cinco piscícolas del Valle del Cauca (Colombia y en la determinación del nivel de introgresión de las especies parentales Oreochromis mosambicus, O. niloticus y O. aureus. Se evaluaron 25 cebadores, ocho fueron polimórficos y se obtuvieron 109 bandas. Los valores de heterocigosidad esperada (0.196 a 0.256 y la estructura genética (Gst = 0.22 para Oreochromis sp. indicaron un elevado grado de polimorfismo y alta estructuración genética. Estos resultados fueron consistente con el Fst = 0.268 (P Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD markers were used to study genetic diversity on red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp. species collected from five fish farms located in the Valle del Cauca, Colombia and to determine the level of introgression from three parental species O. mosambicus, O. niloticus and O. aureus into local Oreochromis populations. from the 25 RAPD primers evaluated, eight were polymorphic and 109 banding patterns were observed, any of them were specific. The expected levels of heterozygosis (0.1964 to 0.2561 and genetic structure (Gst = 0.22 funded for Oreochrosmis sp. indicate high grade of polymorphism and genetic structuring. This results were observed following the analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA] (Fst = 0.268 (P <0.0001 and Multiple correspondence analysis (Gst = 0.040. The values of genetic similarity, the analysis of group, the analysis of multiple correspondence and the level of introgression, indicated that the differences in the introgression levels(P=0.0001 were significant. The low level of observed genetic differentiation among populations, could be the result of fish with the same genetic origin, whereas the high variation within populations can be displayed by handling practices and the pressure of selection to favor commercial phenotypes. The level of introgression

  18. Distinción de especies del género Persea mediante RAPD e ISSR de ADN

    OpenAIRE

    Reyes-Alemán, Juan Carlos; Valadez-Moctezuma, Ernestina; Simuta-Velázco, Lisandro; Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro Facundo; Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente

    2013-01-01

    Con la finalidad de establecer bases para diferenciar parte de la diversidad genética de Persea y en especial del subgénero Persea resguardado en la colección nacional de germoplasma de aguacate de México, se estudiaron ocho especies (P. americana, P. steyermarkii, P. schiedeana, P. lingue, P. nubigena, P. floccosa, P. cinerascens y P. indica) con marcadores moleculares mediante las técnicas de RAPD e ISSR, donde los productos de PCR fueron separados en geles de acrilamida. Las huellas de ADN...

  19. Análise da variabilidade genética de arnica (Lychnophora ericoides Less. - Asteraceae usando marcadores RAPDs Genetic variability analysis of arnica (Lychnophora ericoides Less. - Asteraceae using RAPD markers

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    Luciana Queiroz Melo

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e quantificar a variabilidade genética entre e dentro das populações de arnica por meio de marcadores RAPD. Foram amostradas quatro populações na região geoeconômica do Distrito Federal: Parque Nacional de Brasília (2, Fazenda Água Limpa - UnB (1 e Reserva do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE (1. Folhas de 24 indivíduos de cada região foram coletadas, totalizando 96 indivíduos. Num total de 105 iniciadores testados foram selecionados 15, totalizando 60 bandas polimórficas. Marcadores RAPDs selecionados foram analisados com a utilização dos programas NTSYS e Amova. O dendrograma obtido pelo método UPGMA e coeficiente de dissimilaridade Dice evidenciou quatro agrupamentos consistentes, com índice de dissimilaridade variando entre 62 a 71%. O teste de Mantel aplicado estabeleceu uma correlação cofenética com valores de r = 0.82, significando que as distâncias geográficas entre as populações amostradas estão correlacionadas com a distância genética. A análise de AMOVA mostrou uma percentagem variabilidade genética entre populações de 35,7% e dentro de populações de 64,3%, evidenciando uma alta variação entre populações, sendo um importante resultado para definição de uma estratégia de conservação da espécie que se encontra em situação vulnerável à extinção.The main objective of this research was to analyze and quantify the genetic variability within and between populations of arnica using RAPD markers. Four populations from Federal District area, Brazil were sampled: Parque Nacional de Brasília - (2 , Fazenda Água Limpa -UnB (1, and Reserva do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE (1. Leaves from twenty-four individuals from each population were collected and preserved under refrigeration. Fifteen primers were selected from 105 tested, totalizing 60 polymorphic bands. Scored RAPD markers were analyzed using NTSYS and Amova

  20. Caracterização de três genótipos de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. por marcadores RAPD Characterization of three mume genotypes (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. by RAPD markers

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    Newton Alex Mayer

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Um projeto de pesquisa visando à utilização de clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. como porta-enxertos para pessegueiro [Prunus persica (L. Batsch] está sendo conduzido na FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, com promissoras perspectivas de sucesso. Três genótipos de umezeiro foram selecionados de acordo com características agronômicas desejáveis para esta finalidade. A distinção dos três genótipos entre si, baseada exclusivamente em características morfológicas, apresenta limitações. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar marcadores RAPD capazes de diferenciar e caracterizar os Clones 05, 15 e a cv. Rigitano (Clone 10 de umezeiro, utilizando-se das cultivares Aurora-1 e Okinawa de pessegueiro como outgroup. Dos 220 primers testados, foram selecionados 42, que amplificaram todos os cinco genótipos. Verificou-se que os marcadores RAPD permitiram a distinção entre o Clone 05, o Clone 15 e a cv. Rigitano de umezeiro, demonstrando a existência de variabilidade genética entre os mesmos. Dentre os três genótipos de umezeiro estudados, constatou-se que a similaridade genética é maior entre o Clone 05 e o Clone 15.A research project with the objective do develop mume clones (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., to be used as rootstocks for peach tree [Prunus persica (L. Batsch] is been carried out at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil. These project showed promising perspectives of success, with three clones that were selected according to their characteristics for peach rootstock. But the distinction of the three clones among them, based only in morphologic characteristics, has presented limitations. The objective of the present research was to identify RAPD markers able to characterize and differentiate the 05 and 15 Clones and Rigitano mume cultivar, using Aurora-1 and Okinawa peach tree as outgroup. Among the 220 tested

  1. Caracterização de genótipos de cebola com a utilização de marcadores moleculares RAPD

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    Gerson Henrique Wamser

    Full Text Available A divergência genética foi avaliada entre quinze genótipos de cebola cultivados em Santa Catarina, com a utilização de marcadores moleculares RAPD. Onze oligonucleotídeos iniciadores da série Operon Technologies foram utilizados e produziram 35 marcadores, destes, 28 foram polimórficos. Os produtos da amplificação foram visualizados em gel de agarose 1,4%, corado com brometo de etídeo. Uma matriz de similaridade utilizando-se o coeficiente de Jaccard foi construída a partir dos dados moleculares. Um dendrograma foi gerado para melhor visualização da similaridade genética através do método de agrupamento UPGMA. Três grupos foram formados utilizando o coeficiente de similaridade 0,6 como ponto de corte. O primeiro grupo reuniu os genótipos Super Superprecoce e Gauchinha. O segundo grupo reuniu doze genótipos. Dentro desse grupo, os genótipos Bella Vista e Bella Dura foram os que apresentaram o maior coeficiente de similaridade, em torno de 0,89. Bela Vista e Superprecoce, Catarina e o híbrido Bella Vista, com coeficiente de similaridade de 0,88 entre os pares. O terceiro grupo apresentou apenas o genótipo Crioula Roxa, que obteve o menor valor (0,31 para o coeficiente de similaridade. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, cruzamentos entre os genótipos do primeiro e segundo grupo e destes com o genótipo Crioula Roxa, podem ser melhores por apresentarem maior divergência entre si. A técnica de RAPD mostrou-se eficaz na caracterização molecular dos genótipos de cebola, evidenciando que existe variabilidade entre os genótipos estudados.

  2. Marcadores moleculares RAPD e descritores morfológicos na avaliação da diversidade genética de goiabeiras (Psidium guajava L. = RAPD molecular markers and morphological descriptors in the evaluation of genetic diversity of guava (Psidium guajava L.

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    Aroldo Gomes Filho

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available O conhecimento da variabilidade genética e fenotípica entre diferentes acessos de goiabeiras é importante para se apoiar programas de melhoramento dessa espécie na região Norte Fluminense que carece de novas culturas capazes de gerar renda aos produtores locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre seis cultivares e 19 acessos de goiabeiras, por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD e características morfoagronômicas. Foram obtidas 117 marcas polimórficas, utilizando-se 28 iniciadores. Os resultados mostraram uma concordância parcial entre os métodos de agrupamentos estudados, com a formação de 12 grupos. O acesso Vita 3 e o acesso 6 foram os mais divergentes, apresentando distância genética de 0,663. A análise comparativa dos agrupamentos revelou que os marcadores RAPD e os descritores morfológicos foram eficientes para discriminação dos acessos e que houve variabilidade genética potencial para uso em Programa de Melhoramento Genético.The knowledge of the genetic and phenotypic variability among different accessions of guava is important for supporting improvement programs of this specie in northern Rio de Janeiro state, which needs new cultivars able to generate income for local farmers. This work aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among six cultivars and 19 accessions of guava via RAPD molecular markers and morphologicalcharacteristics. One hundred and seventeen polymorphic markers were obtained from 28 primers. The results showed a partial agreement between the methods of studied groupings, with the formation of 12 groups. The accessions ‘Vita 3’and ‘6’ were the most divergent, showing genetic distance of 0.663. The comparative analysis of groupings showed that RAPD markers and morphological descriptors were effective in discriminating the accessions and to show potentialgenetic variability useful in genetic improvement programs.

  3. Identificação molecular de isolados de fungos de interesse médico por meio de marcadores RAPD - doi: 10.5102/ucs.v8i2.1110

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    Anabele Azevedo Lima

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Aspergillus e Penicillium são microrganismos capazes de provocar complicações clínicas consideráveis principalmente em pacientes imunossuprimidos. A análise molecular é uma estratégia importante para a identificação rápida e precisa desses agentes patogênicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever padrões de marcadores RAPD específicos para a identificação de isolados de Aspergillus e Penicillium causadores de doenças de interesse médico. A análise morfológica revelou que 14 isolados eram do gênero Aspergillus, 7 eram Penicillium, 1 correspondente a Fusarium e um isolado não foi identificado. A análise por RAPD com dez iniciadores produziram fragmentos de DNA característicos para cada gênero. O dendrograma revelou grupos de isolados dentro de cada gênero de fungo de acordo com perfis de marcadores específicos, identificando isolados muito semelhantes que apresentaram alto coeficiente de similaridade. Esses dados fornecem opções para o desenvolvimento de oligonucleotídios de PCR para a identificação específica de isolados específicos ocorrendo no ambiente médico-hospitalar.

  4. Genetic variations among passion fruit species using rapd markers Variação genética entre espécies de maracujá utilizando marcadores rapd

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    Ana Paula de Andrade Aukar

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available It has been evaluated the genetic variability through the use of RAPD molecular markers on the following passionflower species: Passiflora amethystina, P. caerulea, P. cincinnata, P. coccinea, P. serrato digitata, P. foetida, P. maliformis, P. alata, P. giberti, P. laurifolia, P. macrocarpa, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. suberosa, P. ligularis, P. capsularis, P. edulis Sims and its botanical variety P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. In this research work, the analyses of the random amplified polymorphic DNA products (RAPD were employed to estimate the genetic diversity and the taxonomic linkage within the species above. The total of 21 primers were used in this study which generated 270 different polymorphic products. It was possible to detect that the Passiflora species had shown a similarity of 17,3%, and between Passiflora edulis Sims and Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa a similarity of 34,35% has been found. The rate of similarity within edulis specie is low, making it clear that a large variability between the yellow and the purple forms exists.Foram avaliadas as variações genéticas através de marcadores moleculares RAPD, as seguintes espécies de maracujá: Passiflora amethystina, P. caerulea, P. cincinnata, P. coccinea, P. serrato digitata, P. foetida, P. maliformis, P. alata, P. giberti, P. laurifolia, P. macrocarpa, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. suberosa, P. ligularis, P. capsularis, P. edulis Sims e sua variedade botânica P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. Neste estudo, a análise dos produtos da amplificação ao acaso do DNA polimórfico (RAPD foi usada para estimar a diversidade genética e as relações taxonômicas entre as espécies. Foram utilizados 21 "primers", que produziram um total de 270 bandas polimórficas. Verificou-se que as espécies de Passiflora apresentaram uma média de similaridade de 17,3%, e entre Passiflora edulis Sims e Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa, de 34,35%. Pode-se perceber que o valor de

  5. Caracterização molecular de cultivares de cebola por marcadores RAPD Molecular characterization of onion cultivars by RAPD markers

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    Daniela L Leite

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Em plantas alógamas, as cultivares constituem uma fonte de variação genética planta-a-planta no qual o melhorista pode obter novos materiais. A variabilidade genética entre indivíduos ou populações tem sido medida através de marcadores moleculares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar molecularmente, através da análise de RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA, a diversidade genética existente em um grupo de cultivares de cebola recomendadas para o cultivo na Região Sul do Brasil. Foram analisados 11 iniciadores em DNAs provenientes de um total de 90 plantas individuais oriundas das cultivares Baia Periforme, Bola Precoce, BRS Cascata, Crioula, Primavera e Roxa. As plantas foram genotipadas através dos produtos visualizados em gel de agarose e uma matriz de presença/ausência de bandas foi utilizada nas análises de similaridade genética (coeficiente de Jaccard e de agrupamento pelo método UPGMA. Os 11 iniciadores geraram 140 (86,4% bandas polimórficas. O número de fragmentos por iniciador variou de 10 (UBC105 até 18 (OPA10; OPC11; OPI1 com uma média de 15 bandas por iniciador. A técnica de RAPD mostrou-se eficiente na caracterização molecular, permitindo a formação de grupos de cultivares de acordo com a sua população de origem, com uma similaridade média de 63%. Conclui-se que as cultivares de cebola recomendadas para a Região Sul do Brasil, apresentam divergência genética, com potencial de serem exploradas por melhoristas, no desenvolvimento de genótipos superiores.In alogam plants, the cultivars constitute a source of plant-to-plant genetic variation from which the breeder can obtain new materials. Genetic variability among individuals or populations has been measured through molecular markers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity in a group of onion cultivars recommended for cultivation in the Southern Region of Brazil by RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA analysis. Eleven

  6. Los niveles de ferritina y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular se correlacionan con mayor tiempo sedentario auto-reportado en hombres aparentemente sanos

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    Milton F. Suárez, Bact., MSc

    2012-01-01

    Conclusiones: el tiempo sedentario (minutos sentado/semana reportado por los sujetos, se correlacionó de manera positiva con los niveles de ferritina así como con la resistencia a la insulina y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los depósitos de hierro corporales estimados como ferritina sérica, al relacionarse con parámetros de sedentarismo, se comportan como un potencial marcador de riesgo cardiovascular.

  7. Caracterização e identificação de cultivares e seleções de pereiras através de marcadores RAPD

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    SAWAZAKI HAIKO ENOK

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Trinta e seis acessos de pereira representando diversas espécies, híbridos e seleções do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico (IAC foram geneticamente caracterizados através de marcadores RAPD. Cada primer originou de 10 a 19 bandas, sendo que 26 deles forneceram 250 bandas polimórficas, de um total de 353. Os primers OPC02, OPC08, OPD02, OPD19, OPD20 e OPE06 revelaram bandas específicas para as peras orientais e OPA01, OPA11, OPC08, OPD04, OPD09 e OPD15 para as ocidentais. O dendograma obtido foi confirmado pela análise de coordenada principal, originando três principais agrupamentos: 1 Todas as pereiras lançadas pelo IAC, como 'Seleta', 'Triunfo', 'Primorosa', 'Tenra', IAC 16-41, 'Centenária', além de 'William's', 'Packham's Triumph', 'D'água', 'Hood', 'M. Sieboldt', 'Kieffer','Branca Francesa' e 'Schimidt'. 2 As pereiras asiáticas, como 'Okusankichi', 'Shinseiki', 'Atago', 'Hakko', 'Hosui', 'Nijiseiki', 'Kosui' e 'Ya-li', além de 'Nodji', 'Limeira' e todas as seleções IAC das séries 193; 293 e 393. 3 Todas as pereiras porta-enxertos da série Taiwan (P. calleryana D., além de 'Manshu Mamenashi' (P. betulaefolia B.. Evidenciou-se que os cultivares IAC possuem maior proximidade genética com as peras ocidentais (Pyrus communis L., mesmo sendo descendentes de 'Hood', material suspeito de ser híbrido interespecífico entre P. communis e P. serotina R.. Os resultados ratificaram a importância dos marcadores RAPD para a identificação de cultivares, seleções e híbridos pertencentes aos diferentes grupos botânicos, mostrando ser ferramenta de apoio adequada a programas de melhoramento genético de fruteiras.

  8. MARCADORES RAPD PARA MAPEAMENTO GENÉTICO E SELEÇÃO DE HÍBRIDOS DE CITROS RAPD MARKERS TO GENETIC MAPPING AND SELECTION OF CITRUS HYBRIDS

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    ROBERTO PEDROSO DE OLIVEIRA

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Os marcadores moleculares apresentam várias aplicações no melhoramento de plantas, permitindo uma série de análises genéticas. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estabelecer marcadores RAPD para serem utilizados em estudos de mapeamento genético e na seleção de híbridos entre tangerina-'Cravo' (Citrus reticulata Blanco e laranja-'Pêra' (C. sinensis (L. Osbeck. Extraiu-se DNA de folhas dos parentais e de seis híbridos F1. As reações de amplificação foram preparadas em 13 uL de solução, constituída por tampão 1x GIBCO BRL; soluções 1,54 mM de MgCl2 e 0,2 mM de cada dNTP; 15 ng de cada 'primer'; 1,5 unidade de 'Taq DNA Polymerase' e 15 ng de DNA genômico. As reações foram realizadas em termocicladores programados para 36 ciclos de 1 min a 92ºC, 1 min a 36ºC, 2 min a 72ºC e 10 min de extensão a 72ºC. Foram testados 'primers' decâmeros arbitrários dos 'kits' A, AB, AT, AV, B, C, D, E, G, H, M, N, P, Q, R e U da Operon, sendo selecionados 113 por apresentarem polimorfismo, com número de marcadores variando de 1 a 6 por 'primer'. Esses 'primers' amplificaram 201 (23,13% bandas polimórficas, aplicáveis no mapeamento genético e seleção de híbridos. A freqüência de 'primers' com 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 e 6 bandas polimórficas foi de 49,5%, 33,6%, 9,7%, 4,4%, 1,8% e 1,0%, respectivamente.Molecular markers have many applications in plant breeding, enabling some types of genetic analyses. The aim of this work was to establish RAPD markers to be used to genetic mapping studies and selection of hybrids between 'Cravo' tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco and 'Pêra' orange (C. sinensis (L. Osbeck. DNA of the parents and six hybrids F1 was isolated from the leaves. The amplification reactions were performed in volumes of 13 µL, composed by GIBCO BRL 1x buffer, 1,54 mM MgCl2, 0,2 mM of each dNTP, 15 ng of each primer, 1,5 unit of Taq DNA Polymerase and 15 ng of genomic DNA. These reactions were carried out in

  9. Uso de marcadores moleculares na análise da variabilidade genética em acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.

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    SALLA MARIA FERNANDA SPEGIORIN

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A acerola (Malpighia emarginata é uma frutífera tropical encontrada nativa na América Central e no Norte da América do Sul, sendo de grande importância econômica e social devido ao seu alto conteúdo de vitamina C (ácido ascórbico. Pomares de acerola têm sido preferencialmente estabelecidos por métodos de propagação vegetiva. No entanto, a propagação sexuada por sementes é igualmente utilizada e permite revelar um alto grau de polimorfismo na cultura, possibilitando a identificação de genótipos portadores de características de interesse agronômico. Vinte e quatro acessos de acerola, pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, foram analisados, usando marcadores RAPD (Random amplified Polymorphic DNA e obtidos com iniciadores (primers de seqüência simples repetidas (SSRs. Um total de 164 e 73 marcadores foram obtidos com primers de RAPD e SSR, respectivamente. Os marcadores obtidos foram analisados, usando o método de agrupamentos UPGMA. A análise comparativa dos dendrogramas gerados com os primers de RAPD e com os primers SSR mostrou que, enquanto alguns acessos se associaram em grupos diferentes, outros apresentaram a mesma associação. Entretanto, maior polimorfismo entre acessos foi detectado com os primers de RAPD. A análise dos resultados revelou a alta variabilidade contida na coleção, permitindo associar o grau de similaridade genética, obtido por marcadores de DNA, com caracteres morfológicos compartilhados entre os acessos.

  10. Variabilidade genética de populações naturais de caroá por meio de marcadores RAPD Genetic variability estimated among caroá populations through RAPD markers

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    Daniela Garcia Silveira

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variabilidade genética entre e dentro de populações de caroá (Neoglaziovia variegata, por meio de marcadores "random amplified polymorphic DNA" (RAPD. Foram analisados 180 genótipos de caroá, provenientes dos municípios de Guanambi, Juazeiro e Valente, no Estado da Bahia. Foi observado elevado polimorfismo entre as populações de caroá. As dissimilaridades genéticas entre os genótipos variaram de 0,08 a 0,95, com média de 0,44.Avariância molecular mostrou que 56% da variação total foi explicada pelas diferenças entre indivíduos dentro de locais. As diferenças entre municípios explicaram 17% da variação total, enquanto as diferenças entre locais dentro dos municípios explicaram 26% da variação.The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variability within and among populations of caroá (Neoglaziovia variegata using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD markers. One hundred eighty caroá genotypes from Guanambi, Juazeiro and Valente counties in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were analyzed. A high polymorphism was observed among the caroá populations. The genetic dissimilarities among all genotypes ranged from 0.08 to 0.95 with an average of 0.44. The molecular variance showed that 56% of the total variation was explained by the differences among individuals with in locations.The differences among counties explained 17% of the total variation, while the differences among places within counties explained 26% of the variation.

  11. Caracterização de genótipos de mirtilo utilizando marcadores moleculares Characterization of blueberry genotypes using molecular markers

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    Sergio Delmar dos Anjos e Silva

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available O cultivo do mirtilo está em expansão no Brasil, em especial em regiões de clima temperado, onde há grande demanda em relação a cultivares adaptadas às condições edafoclimáticas regionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar genótipos de mirtilo do programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Clima Temperado, utilizando marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD e SSR. Foram caracterizados 40 genótipos de mirtilo por RAPD e oito cultivares por microssatélites. Os nove primers utilizados na técnica de RAPD geraram 89 marcadores. A similaridade genética entre os genótipos variou de 64 a 89%. Utilizando a similaridade média (66%, foram obtidos quatro grupos. Foram gerados 11 marcadores a partir de três pares de primers de microssatélites. A similaridade genética entre as cultivares variou de 25 a 75%. Com similaridade média (42,4%, foram obtidos três grupos. Com apenas três pares de primers de SSR, foi possível definir o padrão das oito cultivares de mirtilo, revelando a eficiência da técnica de microssatélite na caracterização de genótipos dessa espécie. Esses resultados revelam a eficiência dos marcadores tipo RAPD e SSR na caracterização de genótipos de mirtilo. Entretanto, os marcadores tipo microssatélites geram resultados mais precisos, sendo os mais recomendados para uso em programas de melhoramento e identificação de cultivares.The blueberry crop planting area is increasing in Brazil, especially in Temperate Climate Zones, generating demands relating to suitable cultivars adapted to regional climate and soil conditions. This work aimed to characterize blueberry genotypes from Embrapa Clima Temperado breeding program, using RAPD and SSR molecular markers. There were characterized 40 blueberry genotypes using RAPD and 8 cultivars using SSR molecular markers. The 9 RAPD primers generated 89 markers. The genetic similarity ranged from 64 to 89%. Through the average similarity (66%, it was possible to identify four

  12. Analysis of the genetic diversity in Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker (Hemiptera, Aphididae by RAPD markers Análise da diversidade genética de Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker (Hemiptera, Aphididae por meio de marcadores RAPD

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    Marcelo Lopes-da-Silva

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available The emergence of host-races within aphids may constitute an obstacle to pest management by means of plant resistance. There are examples of host-races within cereals aphids, but their occurrence in Rose Grain Aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849, has not been reported yet. In this work, RAPD markers were used to assess effects of the hosts and geographic distance on the genetic diversity of M. dirhodum lineages. Twenty-three clones were collected on oats and wheat in twelve localitites of southern Brazil. From twenty-seven primers tested, only four primers showed polymorphisms. Fourteen different genotypes were revealed by cluster analysis. Five genotypes were collected only on wheat; seven only on oats and two were collected in both hosts. Genetic and geographical distances among all clonal lineages were not correlated. Analysis of molecular variance showed that some molecular markers are not randomly distributed among clonal lineages collected on oats and on wheat. These results suggest the existence of host-races within M. dirhodum, which should be further investigated using a combination of ecological and genetic data.A emergência de raças hospedeiro-especialistas em afídeos pode constituir um obstáculo ao manejo de pragas por meio de plantas resistentes. Existem exemplos de raças hospedeiro-especialistas em afídeos de cereais, embora a ocorrência de raça hospedeiro-especialista no pulgão-verde-pálido-do-trigo Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849 (Hemiptera, Aphididae não tenha sido relatada ainda. Marcadores RAPD foram utilizados para avaliar os efeitos da distância geográfica e do hospedeiro sobre a diversidade genética de linhas clonais de M. dirhodum. Vinte e três clones foram coletados em aveia e trigo em doze localidades do sul do Brasil. De vinte e sete iniciadores usados para a análise, apenas quatro iniciadores mostraram polimorfismos. A análise de agrupamento por similaridade genética revelou haver quatorze

  13. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA EM COUVE-MANTEIGA UTILIZANDO ISOENZIMAS E RAPD

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    SAWAZAKI HAIKO ENOK

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudou-se a variabilidade genética em couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C. tipo manteiga por intermédio do polimorfismo enzimático em gel de poliacrilamida e do polimorfismo de DNA, denominado RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, com base na amplificação de segmentos de DNA ao acaso. Avaliaram-se quinze clones de couve-manteiga do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico (IAC, utilizando-se extratos de folhas para análise de isoenzimas e marcador RAPD com os "primers" dos kits A e B da Operon Technologies. Entre as isoenzimas estudadas, as mais polimórficas foram as fosfoglucomutase (PGM, peroxidase (PRX e esterase (EST, tendo o sistema PGM realizado a melhor caracterização. Verificou-se a ocorrência de variabilidade genética por meio de isoenzimas e RAPD, porém não foi observada a similaridade entre os dendrogramas obtidos por ambos os tipos de marcadores, sugerindo que as isoenzimas forneceram menos informação sobre o genoma. A maior eficácia do RAPD foi devida à possibilidade de processar maior número de análises, evidenciando mais detalhes sobre o genoma.

  14. Fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from corn feed: characterization by fumonisin production and RAPD fingerprinting

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    Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available In this study a total of 16 Fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from corn feed samples were characterized by fumonisin (FB production and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD. All the strains produced FB1 and FB2 with levels ranging from 2.41 to 3996.36 µg/g, and from 1.18 to 1209.91 µg/g, respectively. From the 16 F. verticillioides strains, four were identified as low (3.59 to 1289.84 µg/g, eight as intermediate (>1289.84 to 3772.44 µg/g and four strains as high (>3772.44 µg/g fumonisin producers. From the total of 105 loci amplified, 60 (57.14% were polymorphic. RAPD analysis showed very similar patterns among low, moderate and high fumonisin-producing strains. Although RAPD markers were capable of discriminating the different F. verticillioides strains, there was no clear association between these makers and fumonisin production.Neste estudo, 16 cepas de F. verticillioides isoladas de amostras de ração de milho foram caracterizadas com base na produção de fumonisinas (FB e em marcadores de polimorfismos de DNA amplificado ao acaso (RAPD. Todas as cepas produziram FB1 e FB2, com níveis variando, respectivamente, de 2,41 a 3996,36 µg/g e 1,18 a 1209,91 µg/g. De acordo com a produção de fumonisinas totais (FB1 + FB2 e a distribuição por análise de quartis, do total de 16 cepas de F. verticillioides, quatro foram identificadas como baixas produtoras de fumonisinas (3,59 a 1289,84 µg/g, oito como intermediárias (>1289,84 a 3772,44 µg/g e quatro como altas produtoras de fumonisinas (>3772,44 µg/g. Os 10 primers utilizados amplificaram 105 locos, 60 (57,14% dos quais foram polimórficos. As análises de RAPD mostraram padrões muito similares entre as cepas baixas, médias e altas produtoras de fumonisinas. Embora os marcadores RAPD tenham se mostrado capazes de discriminar as diferentes cepas de F. verticillioides, não foi detectada nenhuma associação entre estes marcadores e a produção de fumonisinas.

  15. Asociaciones de marcadores moleculares con la resistencia a enfermedades, caracteres morfológicos y agronómicos en familias diploides de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.

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    Julio Gabriel

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Quince familias de papa (840 genotipos provenientes de cruzas inter-específicas entre especies de Solanum stenotomum, S. goniocalyx y S. phureja  fueron genotipadas, con el objetivo de asociar  seis marcadores moleculares (GP94, HC, Nl25, Gro 1-4, RYSC3 y CP60 con genes mayores de resistencia para tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans, verruga (Synchytrium endobioticum, nematodo - quiste (Globodera pallida y G. rostochiensis y virus PVY y PVX. Los resultados mostraron que cinco de los marcadores aplicados fueron polimórficos y amplificaron en más del 80% de las familias. El marcador RYSC3 que co-localiza con el gen Ryadg no amplificó en ninguna de las familias evaluadas. La familia 8 amplificó la banda para tres marcadores (CP60, GP94 y NL25 en la totalidad de sus clones. La prueba de χ2 se utilizó para determinar el ajuste de las proporciones de segregación de cada familia para cada marcador y genotipar los progenitores. Nueve caracteres agronómicos y morfológicos fueron evaluados en la cosecha. Mediante agrupamiento cluster fueron seleccionados 107 clones con resistencia a PVX, P. infestans, G. rostochiensis y S. endobioticum, alto rendimiento y volumen de tubérculos, elevado número de tubérculos y ojos superficiales. Sobre la base de estos resultados, aspectos prácticos para la aplicación eficiente de la selección asistida por marcadores moleculares son discutidos en este artículo.

  16. Variabilidade genética de acessos obtidos de populações cultivadas e silvestres de maracujazeiro-doce com base em marcadores rapd Genetic diversity obtained from cultivated population and native accesses of seewt passion fruit based on rapd markers

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    Graciele Bellon

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available O maracujazeiro-doce (Passiflora alata Curtis, devido a preços diferenciados, vem ganhando importância dentro do mercado de frutas in natura. O melhoramento genético é fundamental para elevar a qualidade e a produtividade da cultura. Os marcadores moleculares do DNA têm sido muito úteis por permitirem a obtenção de um número praticamente ilimitado de polimorfismo genético sem influência do ambiente. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar a variabilidade genética de 17 acessos de maracujá-doce, com base em marcadores moleculares RAPD. Um acesso de P. quadrangularis e um de P. edulis foram utilizados como outgroups. Amostras de DNA genômico de cada acesso foram extraídas e 11 iniciadores decâmeros (OPD 04; 07; 08 e16; OPE 18 e 20; OPF 01 e 14; OPG 08; OPH 12 e 16 foram utilizados para a obtenção dos marcadores. Os marcadores obtidos foram convertidos em uma matriz de dados binários, a partir da qual foram estimadas as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos e realizadas análises de agrupamento e de dispersão gráfica. Do total de marcadores, considerando-se apenas os acessos de P. alata, observaram-se 87 (62,12% bandas polimórficas, evidenciando a grande variabilidade intraespecífica. A análise de agrupamento realizada com base nas distâncias genéticas permitiu subdividir os 17 acessos de P. alata em, pelo menos, cinco grupos de similaridade genética. Os acessos silvestres foram os que mais contribuíram para a ampliação da base genética dos materiais estudados, abrindo perspectivas para o uso desses materiais em programas de melhoramento.Sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis is gaining importance in the in natura fruit market due to differential value. Genetic breeding is crucial to improve crop quality and productivity. Molecular markers of DNA have been very useful by allowing obtaining a virtually unlimited number of genetic polymorphism without environment influence. This work's objective was to study the

  17. Diversidade genética entre híbridos de laranja-doce e tangor 'Murcott' avaliada por fAFLP e RAPD Genetic diversity among hybrids of sweet orange and 'Murcott' tangor evaluated by fAFLP and RAPD markers

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    Marinês Bastianel

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética em uma população de 148 híbridos de tangor 'Murcott' (Citrus reticulata Blanco x C. sinensis L. Osbeck e laranja 'Pêra' (C. sinensis L. Osbeck obtidos por polinização controlada, pelo uso de marcadores fAFLP e RAPD. Marcadores polimórficos (416 marcadores fAFLP e 33 RAPD foram utilizados para avaliar a similaridade genética entre os híbridos, calculada com o coeficiente Jaccard pelo método UPGMA. A consistência de cada agrupamento foi determinada pelo programa BOOD. Houve alta similaridade genética entre os parentais. A laranja 'Pêra' apresentou maior número (132 de loci em heterozigose em relação ao tangor 'Murcott' (105, corroborando a teoria de origem híbrida para a laranja-doce. Observaram-se dois grupos distintos de plantas, e um deles abrangeu 80% dos híbridos com maior similaridade com a laranja 'Pêra'. A análise bootstrap não revelou consistência estatística entre esses grupos. Marcadores fAFLP são mais eficientes na avaliação do polimorfismo, sendo indicados para seleção de indivíduos híbridos mais próximos a um dos parentais.The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity in a population of 148 hybrids of 'Murcott' tangor (Citrus reticulata Blanco x C. sinensis L. Osbeck and 'Pêra' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck, obtained by controlled polination, using fAFLP and RAPD markers. Polymorphic markers (416 fAFLP and 33 RAPD markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity among the hybrids, calculated by the coefficient of Jaccard, using the UPGMA method. The consistency of each group was determined by software BOOD. There was high genetic similarity within the parents. 'Pêra' sweet orange had a higher number of loci in heterozygosis (132 compared to 'Murcott' tangor (105, supporting the theory of hybrid origin for sweet oranges. Two distinct groups of plants were observed: one group had 80% of the hybrids that displayed

  18. Divergência genética em tomate estimada por marcadores RAPD em comparação com descritores multicategóricos Genetic divergence among tomato accessions using RAPD markers and its comparison with multicategoric descriptors

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    Leandro SA Gonçalves

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available A estimativa da variabilidade genética existente em um banco de germoplasma é importante não só para a conservação dos recursos genéticos, mas também para aplicações no melhoramento de plantas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a divergência genética entre 78 acessos de uma coleção de germoplasma de tomateiro, com base em 74 marcadores RAPD e correlacionar esses resultados àqueles da caracterização morfoagronômica realizada para 27 descritores. Foi utilizado o agrupamento hierárquico UPGMA para analisar os dados, observando-se a formação de 13 grupos. Esses grupos foram correlacionados a cinco descritores (hábito de crescimento, tipo de folha, cor do fruto, número de lóculos e formato do fruto. Alguns grupos apresentaram peculiaridades, a exemplo do grupo IV, que reuniu acessos com frutos no formato de pêra; o grupo VII com acessos resistentes a murcha-bacteriana e o grupo IX, que englobou acessos com folhas do tipo batata. As análises por bootstrap revelaram poucos agrupamentos consistentes. Houve correlação positiva e altamente significativa entre as matrizes geradas pelos 27 descritores qualitativos e pelos marcadores RAPD (t = 14,02. A correlação de Mantel (r = 0,39 foi altamente significativa, porém de baixa magnitude. O baixo valor verificado para esta correlação sugere que ambas as etapas de caracterização (morfoagronômica e molecular são importantes para um conhecimento mais amplo e melhor discriminação entre os acessos de tomate.The estimation of genetic variability in a germplasm bank is important not only for the conservation of the genetic resources, but also for applications in plant breeding. The genetic divergence among 78 tomato accessions was studied, based on 74 RAPD markers. Also, a correlation between the molecular profile and 27 morphological and agronomic data was performed. Cluster analysis (UPGMA, used to study the data, resulted in 13 groups that were correlated with

  19. Caracterização genética da raça bovina Crioulo Lageano por marcadores moleculares RAPD Genetic characterization of Criollo Lageano cattle by RAPD markers

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    Álvaro Spritze

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização genética da raça bovina Crioulo Lageano por marcadores RAPD em comparação com as raças Holandesa e Nelore. Foram selecionados 43 primers, que geraram 77 bandas polimórficas. Os animais foram distribuídos em cinco subgrupos de Crioulo Lageano (I a V, e um subgrupo em cada uma das raças Holandesa (VI e Nelore (VII. A maior parte da variância genética total (65,05% foi causada pela diferença de indivíduos dentro dos grupos, e o restante pelas diferenças entre grupos. A análise conjunta dos grupos I a V apresentou variabilidade genética entre grupos de 25,28% e dentro dos grupos de 74,72%. A diversidade gênica vem se mantendo ao longo das gerações no núcleo de conservação do Crioulo Lageano. A raça Holandesa apresentou a menor diversidade gênica (0,1204, e a Crioulo Lageano a maior (0,3154. A maior distância genética (0,3747 foi entre as raças Nelore e Holandesa. Os grupos de Crioulo Lageano apresentaram diferenças entre si e apenas alguns indivíduos de cada grupo posicionaram-se junto a outros grupos. A técnica RAPD é capaz de estimar a distância genética entre raças ou populações e de auxiliar na escolha de indivíduos, visando aos trabalhos de conservação de recursos genéticos.The objective of this study was to characterize genetically the Crioulo Lageano cattle breed, using RAPD markers and compare it to the Holstein and Nelore breeds. Forty three primers were selected, and they generated 77 polymorphic bands. Seven groups were studied: 5 subgroups of Crioulo Lageano (I to V and one each Holstein (VI and Nellore (VII. Using all groups, the greater part of the genetic variance (65.05% was due to differences within groups and the rest due to differences between groups. Using five Crioulo Lageano groups (I to V the results showed 25.28% variation between groups and 74.72% within groups. Genetic diversity has been maintained throughout the generations in this

  20. Marcadores moleculares na predição do sexo em plantas de mamoeiro Molecular markers for sex identification in papaya

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    Eder Jorge de Oliveira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar marcadores moleculares, previamente identificados como ligados ao sexo do mamoeiro, para utilização na seleção indireta em genótipos comerciais. Foram analisadas duas variedades do grupo Solo e dois híbridos do grupo Formosa, com utilização de 20 plantas por genótipo, quatro marcadores do tipo SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region e um RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. O RAPD BC210 permitiu a identificação de todas as plantas femininas e hermafroditas, o que revela grande potencial para ser usado na seleção assistida em alguns dos genótipos mais cultivados no Brasil. Os marcadores do tipo SCAR não permitiram a identificação correta do sexo dos genótipos, pois detectou-se a presença de falso-positivos e falso-negativos nas análises.The objective of this work was the validation of previous discovered sex related molecular markers of papaya, aiming at the indirect selection of Brazilian commercial genotypes. Two varieties of the Solo group and two hybrids of the Formosa group (20 plants for genotype, four SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region and one RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers were used. All hermaphrodite and female plants were correctly predicted by RAPD BC210, showing its high potential for marker assisted selection in important commercial genotypes used in Brazil. The SCAR markers did not show the true sex identification of these genotypes, revealing the presence of false positives and negatives in the analyses.

  1. Análisis de la diversidad genética de 21 aislamientos del hongo Moniliophthora roreri basado en marcadores RAPD

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    Boris Gutarra Castillo

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Estudiar la diversidad genética de 21 aislamientos del hongo que afecta al cultivo del cacao, Moniliophthora roreri, en tres zonas cacaoteras del Perú (Tocache, Mariscal Cáceres y Leoncio Prado. Métodos: Se utilizó 14 iniciadores RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA polimórficos y una pareja de oligonucleótidos, los que fueron empleados bajo condiciones de amplificación estandarizadas. Con los datos obtenidos se construyó un dendograma utilizando el coeficiente de Jaccard y el algoritmo UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average. La estructura genética fue estimada en función del análisis molecular de variancia (AMOVA y la diversidad mediante los índices de Shannon y Nei. Resultados: Fueron conseguidas 59 bandas RAPD con un 73% de polimorfismo. El dendograma obtenido a un índice de similitud de 0,70, claramente dividió los individuos en tres grupos. El análisis de la diversidad genética mostró altos valores en las zonas estudiadas de acuerdo con el índice de Shannon (0,3936 y de Nei (0,2622, con mayor riqueza en Leoncio Prado. Estas zonas presentan alta variabilidad, y según el AMOVA realizado: 88% entre accesiones por zona y solo 12% entre zonas. Conclusiones: Existe más de un grupo genético de Moniliophthora roreri en la Amazonía del Perú. Estos grupos, provenientes del Ecuador, pudieron haber ingresado por el intercambio de semillas y/o de forma natural por medio de los ríos en común y estarían originando nuevos grupos genéticos locales.

  2. Uso de selección asistida con marcadores para resistencia a antracnosis en fríjol común

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    Garzón Luz Nayibe

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available

    La antracnosis causada por Colletotrichum lindemuthianum puede llegar a generar pérdidas hasta del 95% de la producción en fríjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L., por eso es considerada una de las enfermedades más limitantes. Con el presente trabajo se inició un programa de mejoramiento utilizando selección asistida por marcadores. Se usó como parental resistente el cultivar Mesoamericano G2333, para incorporar a fríjoles volubles comerciales de Colombia los genes Co-5 y Co-42 , que confieren resistencia a C. lindemuthianum. Se obtuvieron progenies RC1F1 provenientes de cruces entre G2333 y siete parentales volubles tipo Bola roja y Rojo moteado cultivados en zonas productoras de fríjol de Cundinamarca y Boyacá. La selección de plantas RC1F1 se realizó con los marcadores moleculares SCAR SAB3 y SAS13, ligados a los genes Co-5 y Co-42 , respectivamente. En la evaluación genotípica de 1.271 plantas RC1F1, 608 amplificaron con SAB3 y 603 con SAS13. La segregación para cada marcador se ajustó a la razón 1:1 esperada en pruebas de chi-cuadrado (X2 = 2,38, P= 0,12 para SAB3 y X2 = 3,32, P= 0,07 para SAS13. Un total de 299 plantas RC1F1 amplificaron con ambos SCAR, ajustándose a la razón esperada (X2= 1,11, P= 0,78 y confirmando la segregación independiente. Estas plantas fueron seleccionadas para continuar el programa de mejoramiento, ya que se espera que porten los genes Co-5 y Co-42. Se logró implementar la selección asistida por marcadores para antracnosis, y acelerar la introducción y piramidación de genes de resistencia en fríjol de importancia económica en Colombia.

  3. Análisis de la variación genética en clones de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis de Asia, Suramérica y Centroamérica usando marcadores RAPD Analysis of genetic variation in clones of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis from Asían, South and Central American origin using RAPDs markers

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    Lobo Arias Mario

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available El caucho natural (Hevea brasiliensis representa a especies potenciales para reforestación y programas de explo­tación comercial en ciudades tropicales como Colombia. La variabilidad genética de una colección de caucho que se encuentra en la Estación experimental de Paraguaycito en Buenavista, departamento del Quindio en Colom­bia fue estudiada para aumentar el conocimiento en cuanto a las especies y realizar un mejor uso de los árboles disponibles. Un total de 25 clones, seis de Sur América, 17 de Asia y 2 de América Central fueron seleccionados y analizados usando RAPDs. Las muestras aisladas de ADN de los árboles fueron con 102 primers, 23 de los cuales mostraron polimorfismos. Aunque se encontró un alto grado de similaridad, los análisis grupales de datos llevaron a diferenciar los árboles de de caucho en términos de su origen geográfico. Por lo tanto, las relaciones genéticas que se encontraron entre los clones podrían ayudar a seleccionar parentales para uso en programas de reproducción y diseño de estrategias para la conservación de los clones que tengan características agronómicas deseables. Palabras clave: identificación de cultivos, distancia genética, diversidad genética, Hevea brasiliensis, marcadores RAPD.Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis represents a potential species for reforestation and commercial exploitation programmes in tropical countries such as Colombia. The genetic variability of a rubber collection kept at the Paraguaicito Experimental Station in Buenavista in the Quindio department of Colombia was studied to improve knowledge regarding this species and make better use of the trees available. A total of 25 clones, six from South-America, 17 from Asia and two from Central-América were selected and analysed using RAPDs. DNA samples isolated from the trees were screened with 102 primers, 23 of which revealed polymorphism. Although a high degree of similarity was found, clustering analysis of the data led

  4. Avaliação da dissimilaridade genética em genótipos de bananeira (Musa spp. via marcadores RAPD Evaluation of genetics dissimilarity in banana tree genotypes (Musa spp. by means of RAPD markers

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    Carolina Maria Palácios de Souza

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available A bananicultura possui grande importância econômica e social. A UENF, por meio do Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal iniciou um trabalho de introdução de cultivares de bananeira. Foram introduzidas cultivares com procedência da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura e Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo de diversidade genética entre 21 cultivares e obter a correta identificação de possíveis genótipos introduzidos na UENF. Foram avaliados os seguintes genótipos: Fhia 18, Prata-Anã, UENF 1526, Pacovan, Caipira, Maçã, UENF 1527, Nanicão, Thap Maeo, UENF 1528, UENF 1529, Grande Naine, Ambrósia, Bucaneiro, Calipso, PV42-68, PV42-85, PV42-142, ST12-31, Calcutta e BB da França. A análise de divergência genética foi feita com base na caracterização molecular, utilizando-se da técnica RAPD. Para serem obtidas marcas moleculares RAPD, foram utilizados 31 "primers", gerando um total de 94 marcas totais. Os resultados mostraram que os marcadores moleculares RAPD foram eficazes em revelar a existência de diversidade genética entre os 21 genótipos de bananeira. Na interpretação das análises moleculares, foi utilizado o complemento aritmético do Índice de Jaccard. Com base nas análises de agrupamento hierárquicas UPGMA e o método de otimização de Tocher, essa diversidade pôde ser observada pela presença de genótipos similares e divergentes.Banana is a very important social and economic crop. The introduction of of banana cultivars was initiated through the Plant Genetics Laboratory at UENF. Cultivars from Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits and Western Amazon were introduced. The objective of the present work was to analyze the genetic dissimilarity between 21 cultivars and obtain the correct identification of the possible genotypes introduced at UENF. The following genotypes were evaluated: Fhia 18, Prata Anã, UENF 1526, Pacovan, Caipira, Maçã, UENF 1527, Nanicão, Thap

  5. Total protein electrophoresis and RAPD fingerprinting analysis for the identification of Aeromonas at the species level Análise eletroforética de proteínas totais e marcadores de RAPD na identificação de Aeromonas ao nível de espécie

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    Ana Paula Longaray Delamare

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Fifteen well-defined strains of Aeromonas of thirteen species were analyzed by SDS protein electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD. The comparison between the patterns obtained by both methods allowed differentiating all the strains. Clusters formed by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages applied to protein data correlates with the genetic and biochemical information about the species. The results show that protein fingerprinting has the potential to differentiate Aeromonas species, but the low qualitative variation indicates that this technique is not efficient for the characterization of strains within a species. Conversely, RAPD fingerprinting allows the identification of strains but the high variability limits its potential as an aiding method for species identification.Quinze linhagens de Aeromonas pertencentes a treze espécies foram avaliadas através de eletroforese de proteínas totais (SDS-PAGE e segmentos de DNA amplificados ao acaso (RAPD. A comparação entre os padrões obtidos por ambos métodos permitiu diferenciar todas as linhagens. Agrupamentos formados com base nos dados protéicos mostraram relação com informações bioquímicas e genéticas a respeito das espécies. Os resultados mostraram que análises protéicas têm potencial para diferenciar espécies de Aeromonas, mas a baixa variação qualitativa indica que esta técnica não é eficiente para a caracterização entre linhagens dentro de espécies. Ao contrário, marcadores de RAPD permitem identificar linhagens, mas a alta variabilidade limita seu potencial como método auxiliar na identificação de espécies.

  6. Evaluación de marcadores moleculares asociados con resistencia a gota (Phytophthora infestans L. en papas diploides y tetraploides

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    D. K. Juyó

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: Evaluation of molecular markers associated with resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans L.  in diploid and tetraploid potatoes Resumen La papa, cultivo de importancia a nivel mundial es gravemente afectado por gota, enfermedad ocasionada por el oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Actualmente la forma más efectiva para combatir la enfermedad es mediante el desarrollo de cultivares resistentes al patógeno. Para esto, una estrategia es identificar genes que confieran resistencia al patógeno, para lo cual se buscan marcadores asociados con el carácter de resistencia. En este estudio se evaluaron marcadores moleculares tipo SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region: CosA, GP179, BA47f2 y Prp1 asociados con resistencia a P. infestans y el gen de resistencia R1, en 22 cultivares tetraploides pertenecientes a la subespecie andigena y cinco especies silvestres. Se evaluó el polimorfismo y se determinó si los alelos polimórficos permitían diferenciar genotipos resistentes de susceptibles. Se comparó el  tamaño de los fragmentos obtenidos con los fragmentos esperados asociados con resistencia de acuerdo a reportes. El análisis se realizó considerando presencia/ausencia de los fragmentos: CosA210, CosA250, R11400, R11800, BA47f2500, GP179570, Prp1300, Prp1600, y Prp1900. Los resultados indicaron que en los cultivares tetraploides y silvestres, se presentaron polimorfismos en todos los marcadores evaluados, con excepción del marcador GP179. No se encontró correlación entre el rasgo de resistencia y los alelos. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que hay repuesta diferencial a los marcadores entre las subsp. tuberosum y subsp. Andigena.   Palabras clave: Phytophthora infestans, resistencia a gota, marcadores diagnóstico, Solanum tuberosum subsp. Andigena. Abstract Potato is an important worldwide crop seriously affected by late blight disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Currently, the

  7. Genetic variability of Pantaneiro horse using RAPD-PCR markers Variabilidade genética do cavalo Pantaneiro utilizando marcadores RAPD-PCR

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    Andréa Alves do Egito

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Blood samples were collected from Pantaneiro Horses in five regions of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso States. Arabian, Mangalarga Marchador and Thoroughbred were also included to estimate genetic distances and the existing variability among and within these breeds by RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction molecular markers. From 146 primers, 13 were chosen for amplification and 44 polymorphic bands were generated. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA indicated that the greatest portion of detected variability was due to differences between individuals within populations (75.47%. Analysis of the genetic variability between pairs of populations presented higher estimates for the five Pantaneiro populations with the Arabian breed, while lowest estimates were presented by pairs formed among the Pantaneiro populations with the Mangalarga Marchador. Highest genic diversity was shown by the Pantaneiro (0.3396, which also showed highest genetic distance with the Arabian and lowest with Mangalarga Marchador breed. UPGMA dendrogram showed distinct differences between naturalized (Pantaneiro and Mangalarga Marchador and exotic (Arabian and Thoroughbred breeds. In the dendrogram generated by UPGMA method, the similarity matrix generated by the Jaccard coefficient showed distinction between the naturalised breeds, Pantaneiro and Mangalarga Marchador, and the exotic breeds, Árab and English Thoroughbred. Results suggest that the Pantaneiro presents a higher genetic variability than the other studied breeds and has a close relationship with the Mangalarga Marchador.Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de cavalos Pantaneiros de cinco regiões dos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso. As raças Mangalarga Marchador, Árabe e Puro-Sangue Inglês (PSI usando marcadores moleculares RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction foram incluídas no intuito de se calcular as distâncias gen

  8. Divergência genética entre cultivares de gérbera utilizando marcadores RAPD Genetic divergence among cultivars of gerbera using RAPD markers

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    Rodrigo Kelson Silva Rezende

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available No processo de produção comercial de mudas de gérbera, a cor da flor é uma das principais características morfológicas de interesse agronômico, sendo uma característica importante em programas de melhoramento genético. A utilização de marcadores moleculares pode servir para direcionar cruzamentos, confirmar novos híbridos ou genótipos mutantes e identificar novos genótipos para fins comerciais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a divergência genética entre seis cultivares de Gerbera jamesonii ('Jaguar Yellow', 'Jaguar Cream', 'Jaguar Lemon', 'Jaguar Salmon Pastel', 'Jaguar Red', 'Jaguar Deep Rose'. A análise de divergência genética entre as cultivares de gérbera foi realizada utilizando-se 21 primers, os quais amplificaram 37 fragmentos polimórficos de DNA, que foram usados para estimar o coeficiente de Jaccard, o qual apresentou uma média de 0,38, variando de 0,28 a 0,56. A estrutura genética entre as cultivares foi estimada pelo UPGMA, revelando dois grupos distintos, a 38% de similaridade genética. A maior similaridade genética encontrada (56% foi entre as cultivares 'Jaguar Yellow' e 'Jaguar Lemon'. Os resultados demonstram que a técnica RAPD oferece uma maneira rápida, relativamente barata e útil para a caracterização da divergência genética entre as diferentes cultivares de Gerbera jamesonii com relação à cor da flor.During the commercial production of gerbera seedlings, flower color is one of the main morphological aspects that have an agronomic interest and becoming an important feature in genetic breeding programs. The use of molecular markers may serve to direct crossings, new hybrids and mutants, besides confirm and identify new genotypes for commercial purposes. In that context, this work aimed to analyze the genetic divergence among six cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii ('Jaguar Yellow', 'Jaguar Cream', 'Jaguar Lemon', 'Jaguar Salmon Pastel', 'Jaguar Red', 'Jaguar Deep Rose'. The

  9. Valor pronóstico del perfil lipídico en insuficiencia cardiaca y su relación con marcadores inflamatorios y nutricionales

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    Salamanca Bautista, María del Prado

    2011-01-01

    Introducción: Los lípidos, además de ser un factor de riesgo cardiovascular, podrían jugar también un papel como marcador pronóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca.Objetivos: Valorar si los niveles de colesterol y otros parámetros lipiditos son predictores de mala evolución en insuficiencia cardiaca y su relación con otros marcadores pronósticos y la situación inflamatoria y nutricional.Material y méto dos: Se recogieron 110 pacientes consecutivos hospitalizados por IC y se les determino un perfil...

  10. Identification of common bean alleles resistant to anthracnose using RAPD

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    Ana L.M. Castanheira

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available RAPD markers were identified close to common bean alleles responsible for resistance to the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and may be useful in selecting plants resistant to this pathogen. DNA from F2 plants of the crosses Carioca 300V x P45, Carioca 300V x Ouro and P24 x Ouro was amplified by RAPD. Line P45 has the Co.4 allele for resistance, and the Ouro cultivar has the Co.5 allele. The primer OPC08 amplified a DNA fragment of about 1059 bp linked to the Co.4 allele. The recombination frequency was 0.133 (SE = 0.039; 95% CI = 0.056-0.211. Using the primer OPF10 a DNA fragment of about 912 bp was amplified and found to be associated with the Co.5 allele. The recombination frequency was 0.115 (SE = 0.038; 95% CI = 0.041-0.189. A second marker (1122 pb amplified by the OPR03 primer was identified in the population P24 x Ouro. The recombination frequency for this marker was 0.363 (SE = 0.081; 95% CI = 0.205-0.522. Both these markers flanked the Co.5 allele. The markers identified in this study may be useful in identifying lines with the Co.4 and Co.5 alleles.Marcadores RAPD foram identificados próximos de alelos do feijão responsáveis pela resistência ao Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, visando auxiliar na seleção de plantas resistentes ao patógeno. Empregou-se o método dos bulks segregantes de DNA extraídos de plantas F2 dos seguintes cruzamentos: Carioca 300V x P45, Carioca 300V x Ouro e P24 x Ouro. A linhagem P45 é portadora do alelo Co.4 de resistência e o cultivar Ouro é portador do alelo Co.5, os quais foram marcados. Procedeu-se à reação RAPD dos bulks e foi identificado o iniciador OPC08 que amplificou um fragmento de DNA com cerca de 1059 pb, ligado ao alelo Co.4. A freqüência de recombinação foi de 0,133 (erro padrão 0,039 e o intervalo de confiança foi 0,056 e 0,211, com 95% de probabilidade. Em relação ao alelo Co.5 foi identificado um fragmento de DNA amplificado pelo iniciador OPF10 com cerca de 912 pb, na

  11. Determinación de marcadores inflamatorios y anabólicos articulares en caballos jóvenes estabulados con osteocondrosis tarsocrural

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    Carmona, Jorge; López, Catalina; Prades, Marta

    2010-01-01

    Objetivo. Describir los valores de las concentraciones en líquido sinovial (LS) de prostaglandina E2 (PGE2), óxido nítrico (NO), ácido hialurónico (HA) y proteína total (PT) en caballos jóvenes estabulados con osteocondrosis (OC) tarsocrural y correlacionar los valores de estos marcadores con el recuento total de células del LS, el grado de efusión sinovial (ES) y con el grado de cojera (GC). Materiales y métodos. Las concentraciones en LS de PGE2 fueron determinadas mediante ELISA, las de NO...

  12. Determinación de marcadores inflamatorios y anabólicos articulares en caballos jóvenes estabulados con osteocondrosis tarsocrural

    OpenAIRE

    Carmona, Jorge; López, Catalina; Prades, Marta

    2010-01-01

    Objetivo. Describir los valores de las concentraciones en líquido sinovial (LS) de prostaglandina E2 (PGE2), óxido nítrico (NO), ácido hialurónico (HA) y proteína total (PT) en caballos jóvenes estabulados con osteocondrosis (OC) tarsocrural y correlacionar los valores de estos marcadores con el recuento total de células del LS, el grado de efusión sinovial (ES) y con el grado de cojera (GC). Materiales y métodos. Las concentraciones en LS de PGE2fueron determinadas mediante ELISA, las de NO ...

  13. Procalcitonina como marcador de sepsis en niños

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    Diana González Rangel

    2016-04-01

    Conclusión. La procalcitonina tiene un buen rendimiento diagnóstico como marcador de sepsis en niños —con mayor utilidad cuando toma valores negativos— y buen valor pronóstico al relacionarse con mortalidad.

  14. Utilização de microssatélites e RAPD na caracterização molecular de acessos de Paspalum urvillei Steudel Genetic diversity among accesses of Paspalum urvillei Steudel estimated by microssatelites and RAPD markers

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    Joaquim Taizo Sawasato

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a diversidade genética na coleção de acessos de P. urvillei do Departamento de Plantas Forrageiras e Agrometeorologia (DPFA da Faculdade de Agronomia (UFRG visando sua utilização em futuros trabalhos de seleção. Foram avaliados 64 acessos provenientes do Rio Grande do Sul, 1 de Xanxerê, Santa Catarina, três de Curitiba, Paraná, e 1 da Argentina. A diversidade genética foi analisada por meio de marcadores do tipo RAPD e SSR. Utilizaram-se dez primers para marcadores RAPD, o que possibilitou obter 56 bandas polimórficas e 11 grupos no dendrograma com similaridade média de 0,70. Na técnica de SSR, foram utilizados sete primers e obtidas 28 bandas polimórficas, formando sete grupos no dendrograma com similaridade média de 0,66. Ambos os marcadores foram eficientes para o agrupamento de acessos coletados. O uso de maior número de primers para gerar mais bandas polimórficas foi necessário para obtenção de fingerprintsgenômicos dos indivíduos similares. Os dendrogramas gerados neste estudo dão subsídios para futuros cruzamentos de gerações parentais contrastantes ou similares no melhoramento de Paspalum urvillei.The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity among accesses of P. urvillei of Departamento de Plantas Forrageiras e Agrometeorologia (DPFA of the College of Agronomy - UFRGS and to evaluate their use in selection programs. Sixty four accesses from different cities of the Southern Region of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana States and from Argentine were analyzed by RAPD and SSR molecular markers. Ten primers of RAPD markers were used and resulted in 56 polymorphic bands and 11 groups in a dendrogram with average similarity 0.70. Seven primers were used for the SSR technique and resulted in 28 polymorphic bands and seven groups in a dendrogram with average similarity 0.66. Both markers were efficient on grouping the accesses

  15. RAPD markers utilization and other parameters in the determination of mango hybrids genitors Utilização de marcadores RAPD e outros parâmetros na determinação de genitores em híbridos de mangueira

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    Maria Cristina Rocha Cordeiro

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Actually mango (Mangifera indica, L. is considered one of the largest Brazilian fruitbusiness for the export market. Cultivar selection having high fruit quality is a fundamental step to obtain excellent results in this business. A mango breeding program based on intervarietal hybridization may produce new improved cultivars for mango growers. Mango hybrids have been obtained by controlled or open crosses. In the last one, it is important to identify the male parent because it is useful for the genetic cultivar history, thus it is important for planning further improvements. This work presents a parentage test using among others parameters RAPD (Random amplified Polymorphic DNA markers to estimate the male parent of the selected hybrids in an open cross plot by using five mango cultivars densely planted in a latin square design.Atualmente, o cultivo da mangueira (Mangifera indica, L. é considerado um dos maiores agronegócios frutícolas brasileiros para o mercado externo. A seleção de cultivares com elevada qualidade de frutos é uma etapa fundamental para o sucesso deste negócio. O melhoramento genético da mangueira, baseado em hibridações intervarietais, pode originar cultivares superiores aos padrões disponíveis no mercado, ofertando uma nova alternativa ao produtor. Híbridos de mangueira têm sido obtidos por meio de cruzamentos controlados ou abertos. Neste último, é importante identificar o genitor masculino visando a obter a história genética da cultivar além de ser importante no planejamento do melhoramento subseqüente. Este trabalho apresenta um teste de paternidade, utilizando, entre outros parâmetros, marcadores RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, para estimar o genitor masculino de híbridos selecionados em uma área de cruzamento aberto contendo cinco cultivares de manga plantadas em alta densidade, no delineamento experimental do quadrado latino.

  16. Similaridade genética entre clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis, por meio de marcadores RAPD Genetic similarity among rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis clones using RAPD markers

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    Karine Cristina Bicalho

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available A seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex. Adr. de Juss Muell.-Arg.] é uma espécie nativa da região amazônica e compreende a maior fonte produtora de borracha natural do mundo. Na busca de condições mais favoráveis ao cultivo, além da busca pela auto-suficiência na produção de borracha natural, o cultivo da seringueira migrou para outras regiões do país. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, estimar a similaridade genética de genótipos de seringueira, provenientes de regiões distintas do país, Lavras-MG (UFLA e Campinas-SP (IAC, por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD. A análise foi efetuada em 41 indivíduos, representados por 17 genótipos diferentes, com base em 19 primers, que geraram 121 fragmentos polimórficos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o software NTSYS-pc - 2.1, por meio do coeficiente de Dice e pelo método das médias (UPGMA. A similaridade genética entre o material analisado variou de 0,56 a 1,00. Na análise do dendrograma, foram observados 18 grupos. Os clones (RRIM600, GT1, PB235, PL PIM e FX2261, utilizados em diferentes repetições, foram idênticos, quando comparados entre si, entretanto o mesmo não foi observado para os clones identificados como RRIM 701. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o material avaliado na UFLA é o mesmo implantado no IAC, exceto o RRIM 701, mostrando uma ampla variabilidade genética, disponível para estudos e propagação da cultura.The rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex. Adr. de Juss Muell.-Arg.] is a native species from Amazon region, and represents the biggest source of natural rubber in the world.. However, the rubber tree culture has had an expansion to other brazilian regions, in search of more favorable conditions for its cultivation and self-sufficiency in natural rubber. The aim of this work was to estimate genetic similarity among rubber tree clones, from different Brazilian regions, Lavras (UFLA and Campinas (IAC, by using RAPD molecular markers

  17. Marcadores inflamatórios e anticorpos anti-chlamydia em pacientes com síndrome metabólica Marcadores inflamatorios y anticuerpos anti-chlamydia en pacientes con síndrome metabólico Inflammatory markers and antichlamydial antibodies in patients with metabolic syndrome

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    Rosecler Riethmuller Franco

    2011-02-01

    ão mostraram diferença significativa em pacientes com SM, com e sem eventos.FUNDAMENTO: El síndrome metabólico está asociado al aumento de riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Marcadores inflamatorios y anticuerpos anti-Chlamydia han sido relacionados al desarrollo y a la progresión de la aterosclerosis y de los eventos cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los marcadores inflamatorios interleucina-6 (IL-6 y factor de necrosis tumoral-alfa (TNF-α y los anticuerpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae en pacientes con síndrome metabólico (SM, con y sin eventos cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal constituido por 147 individuos. De estos, 100 (68% con SM y sin eventos cardiovasculares; y 47 (32% con SM y con eventos cardiovasculares. De los individuos que habían sufrido eventos cardiovasculares, 13 (6,11% presentan infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM, y diez (4,7%, accidente cerebro vascular (ACV. El diagnóstico del SM fue determinado por los criterios del NCEP-ATPIII. RESULTADOS: La media de edad de los sujetos con eventos cardiovasculares fue de 61,26 ± 8,5 y de 59,32 ± 9,9 en los individuos sin esos eventos (p=0,279, habiendo predominio del sexo femenino. El grupo con SM y sin evento presentó mayor peso, altura, IMC y circunferencia abdominal. Para los individuos con eventos cardiovasculares (p=0,001, los marcadores inflamatorios IL-6 y TNF-α y la enfermedad vascular periférica fueron significativamente mayores. Se obtuvieron niveles elevados de anticuerpos IgG para Chlamydia pneumoniae en el grupo SM, sin eventos y de IgA en el grupo con eventos cuando fueron comparados los dos grupos. Con relación al IAM y al ACV, los anticuerpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae no demostraron significación estadística, comparados al grupo sin eventos cardiovasculares. Asociación fue observada con el uso de estatinas, hipoglicemiantes orales, inyectables y antiinflamatorios no esteroides en el grupo con esos eventos. CONCLUSIÓN: Marcadores inflamatorios se encuentran

  18. Diversity within American cassava germ plasm based on RAPD markers

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    Carlos Colombo

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available This work focuses on the genetic diversity of American cassava through RAPD molecular markers. The 126 genotypes studied were distributed on four geographical levels ranging from local to continental. Samples included ethnocultivars from the Santa Isabel community in the Brazilian Amazon, local cultivars collected in the State of São Paulo, native accessions from very diverse Brazilian regions, and representative accessions from the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT core collection. Eighty-eight polymorphic bands were analyzed. Results revealed the weak genetic structure of the cassava analyzed. The pattern formed by the first two axes of the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA revealed an overlapping of the São Paulo State genotype, the Brazilian group and the core collection accessions. The Santa Isabel ethnocultures formed a separate group. The weak genetic structure of cassava can be explained by the common practice of exchanging botanical material among small producers as well as by recombinations among genotypes. When the genotypes were analyzed using climatic data, the sample sites were found to be structured according to temperature and precipitation. RAPD markers proved very useful in the genetic diversity study, resulting in important implications for cassava germ plasm collections and genetic breeding.Este trabalho enfoca a diversidade genética de mandiocas americanas através de marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD. Os 126 genótipos estudados estão distribuídos em quatro escalas geográficas, indo do local ao continental, ou seja, etnocultivares de uma comunidade chamada Santa Isabel, na Amazônia brasileira, cultivares locais coletados no Estado de São Paulo, um grupo representado por acessos oriundos das mais diversas regiões brasileiras e acessos representantes da "core collection" do CIAT. Oitenta e oito bandas RAPD polimórficas foram retidas para as análises. A estrutura genética das mandiocas deste

  19. Características clínicas, perfil hormonal y marcadores de autoinmunidad de pacientes con enfermedad de Graves.

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    Deysy Cieza Diaz

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, el perfil hormonal y los marcadores de autoinmunidad de pacientes con enfermedad de Graves (EG, atendidos en el servicio de endocrinología de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de EG atendidos en el servicio de endocrinología del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia durante el año 2005. Los pacientes fueron identificados utilizando el Registro Diario de Atención y Otras Actividades del consultorio externo. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 12,0. Resultados: Se revisaron 111 historias clínicas. La edad promedio fue de 40,6 ± 14 años. El 71,2% eran mujeres. El 20,7% tenía antecedente familiar de otra enfermedad autoinmune. El tiempo de enfermedad promedio antes de la consulta fue 18,9 ± 30,4 meses. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: tremor, piel delgada, palpitaciones y baja de peso. El peso promedio de la glándula tiroides estimado por palpación fue 69 ± 27,5 gr, 38,7% presentaba exoftalmos y 18,9% mixedema pretibial. El perfil hormonal mostró TSH suprimida, T4 libre y T3 total elevados. El 86,7% de los casos tenía autoanticuerpos anti-peroxidasa tiroidea (anti-TPO positivo. En 95,5% el tratamiento incluyó el uso de tionamidas. El análisis bivariado mostró que las mujeres tuvieron antecedente familiar de enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune en mayor frecuencia que los varones (27,8 vs. 9,4% (p=0,04. Conclusión: La población estudiada con EG fueron con mayor frecuencia mujeres entre la tercera y sexta década de la vida. El peso estimado de la glándula tiroides fue tres veces lo normal, con alta frecuencia de oftalmopatía y mixedema. La mayoría tiene marcadores humorales de autoinmunidad y el tratamiento inicial se basa en el uso de tionamidas. (Rev Med Hered 2008; 19:152-157.

  20. Origen étnico y estructura genética de tres poblaciones colombianas con ascendencia africana: estudio combinado de microsatélites y marcadores bialélicos del cromosoma Y

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    Julián Oliverio Mora Oberlaender

    2004-07-01

    África occidental y central, acorde con los datos históricos acerca de la procedencia de los esclavos traídos a América durante los siglos XVI-XIX. Tanto para marcadores bialélicos como microsatelitales, se observó una cercanía de Palenque con poblaciones nativas de Gambia, y de Quibdó con otros grupos del norte de Camerún, de afiliación Bantú.

  1. Informe científico de investigador: Balatti, Pedro Alberto (2012)

    OpenAIRE

    Balatti, Pedro Alberto

    2012-01-01

    Se analizó la diversidad genética existente en los rizobios de crecimiento rápido que nodulan la soja. Por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y con diversos primers se generaron marcadores ERIC, REP y RAPD. Además, se amplificó el RNA de 16S el que restringión con endonucleasas. Por medio de estos marcadores se estableció, entre los representantes de Sinorhizobium fredii aislados de la China y Vietnam y Rhizobium sp. NGR234, la diversidad genética existente entre ellos. Además se...

  2. VARIACIÓN GENÉTICA INTERPOBLACIONAL E INTRAPOBLACIONAL EN Lupinus elegans H. B. K. CON MARCADORES MOLECULARES (RAPD’s).

    OpenAIRE

    ALEJANDRE MELENA, NANCY

    2012-01-01

    Lupinus elegans HBK. es una especie representativa de la Flora del Centro-Occidente de México. Esta especie se utiliza en proyectos de restauración de bosques de coníferas en la Meseta Purépecha porque crea microambientes para el establecimiento de especies de Pinus, además de fijar nitrógeno y mejorar las condiciones del suelo empobrecido. En este estudio se evalúa la variación genética de poblaciones de L. elegans por medio de RAPD. Se colectaron un total de 159 individuos en...

  3. Alteraciones bioquímicas como marcadores predictores de gravedad en pacientes con fiebre por dengue

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    Luis Ángel Villar-Centeno

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. El dengue es la infección transmitida por mosquitos más importante en el mundo. Existe información de que las alteraciones bioquímicas pueden utilizarse como herramientas predictoras de gravedad del dengue. Objetivo. Evaluar las alteraciones bioquímicas como posibles marcadores predictores de gravedad del dengue. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte. Se seleccionaron al azar 125 casos con dengue grave y 120 controles con dengue no grave para evaluar los niveles séricos de lactato-deshidrogenasa (LDH, creatina cinasa (CK, proteína C reactiva(PCR y albúmina, en sueros obtenidos en las primeras horas de la enfermedad. Para evaluar el valor diagnóstico de cada biomarcador, se establecieron puntos de corte con una sensibilidad del 90 % enla detección de casos graves. Resultados. Se observó una asociación entre los niveles de PCR por debajo de 9,8 mg/l (OR=0,04;IC95%=0,02-0,08; p=0,000, de LDH inferiores a 400 U/L (OR=0,49; IC95%=0,24-1,02; p=0,053 y de albúmina menor de 4 mg/dl (OR=3,46; IC95%=1,96-6,12; p=0,000, con la gravedad del dengue. En contraste, los niveles de la CK no mostraron asociación con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos de nuestro estudio sugieren una asociación de los niveles de PCR, LDH y albúmina con la gravedad del dengue. Estas pruebas bioquímicas podrían ser utilizadas como herramientas predictoras del curso clínico de la infección.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i0.732

  4. Variabilidade genética em populações naturais de Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD

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    Itamara Bomfim Gois

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Os estudos de diversidade genética em populações naturais são imprescindíveis para a elaboração de estratégias de conservação. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar geneticamente, por meio de marcadores Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD, populações naturais de Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., localizadas na região do Baixo São Francisco sergipano. Foram empregados 20 oligonucleotídeos e, a partir do polimorfismo observado, foram estimadas a porcentagem de polimorfismo, a variabilidade genética e a similaridade genética (Sgij, por meio do coeficiente de Jaccard. O teste de Mantel foi realizado para avaliar a correlação entre a similaridade genética e a distância geográfica; sendo o fluxo gênico também estimado. O polimorfismo observado nas populações de Z. joazeiro variou de 58,1 a 66,5% e a similaridade genética, de 44 a 54%. A similaridade genética não está correlacionada com a distância geográfica, e os valores observados para o índice de diversidade genética de Nei, para o índice de Shannon e para os parâmetros HS, HT e GST foram considerados altos e semelhantes aos encontrados em outras espécies arbóreas. A porcentagem de locos polimórficos foi considerada baixa. Maior identidade genética foi encontrada entre as populações de Canindé do São Francisco e Santana do São Francisco; e a maior distância genética entre as populações de Canhoba e Canindé do São Francisco. O fluxo gênico foi maior que 1. Com base nos resultados, pode-se afirmar que há alta variabilidade genética entre as populações e que estas podem estar geneticamente estruturadas.

  5. Variabilidade genética de acessos de maracujá-suspiro com base em marcadores moleculares Genetic variability of wild passion fruit determined by molecular markers

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    Keize Pereira Junqueira

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Passiflora nitida é uma espécie silvestre amplamente distribuída pelo território brasileiro, constituindo-se em fonte de resistência a doenças foliares e de raízes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética entre acessos de P. nitida procedentes de diferentes tipos fitofisionômicos de Cerrado e estados brasileiros (Goiás, Distrito Federal, Tocantins, Mato Grosso e Amazonas, usando marcadores moleculares RAPD. O DNA genômico de cada acesso foi extraído, e doze iniciadores decâmeros foram utilizados para a obtenção de marcadores moleculares RAPD, que foram convertidos em matriz de dados binários, a partir da qual foram estimadas as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos e realizadas análises de agrupamento e de dispersão gráfica. Foram obtidos 196 marcadores para P. nitida, dos quais 63,81% foram polimórficos. As distâncias genéticas entre os acessos de maracujá variaram de 0,031 a 0,614 e, considerando apenas P. nitida, de 0,031 a 0,417. Os marcadores moleculares demonstraram alta variabilidade genética dos acessos de P. nitida. Menores distâncias genéticas foram verificadas entre os acessos originados do mesmo estado. Considerando-se os acessos de um mesmo estado, menores distâncias genéticas foram verificadas entre os acessos provenientes de tipos fitofisionômicos próximos. O acesso "Manaus 2" apresentou o maior distanciamento genético em relação aos demais acessos.Passiflora nitida is a wild species widely distributed in Brazilian territory. It is a source of resistance to foliar and soil borne diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability among accessions of P. nitida proceeding from different types of Cerrado (Brazilian savannah vegetation and brazilian states (Goiás, Distrito Federal, Tocantins, Mato Grosso and Amazonas using RAPD molecular markers. The genomic DNA of each origin was extracted and amplified using 12 decamer primers to obtain RAPD

  6. Descripción de marcadores del discurso de hablantes con afasia afluente : anómica, de conducción y de Wernicke.

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    Sinacay Caldas, Enrique Manuel

    2013-01-01

    El trabajo presentado a continuación es un estudio cualitativo, en el cual se pretende describir, en primer lugar, las características de los marcadores del discurso utilizados durante el habla espontánea de 4 pacientes con afasia; además, en segundo lugar, se procura determinar las diferencias y similitudes respecto del uso de aquellos elementos lingüísticos entre los tipos de afasia estudiados (anómica, de conducción y de Wernicke) de un centro hospitalario del Callao. La ...

  7. Frequency Of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Autoimmunity Markers In Patients With Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Frecuencia de marcadores de autoinmunidad beta pancreática en pacientes con enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune

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    María E. Primo

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available A total of 305 ambulatory patients recruited at the Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD were studied to search for associations between autoimmune thyroid disease and presence of serum markers of autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Screening for markers of pancreatic beta-cell autoimmunity was performed by radioligand binding assays (RBA as follows: autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA and proinsulin (PAA were determined in all sera, whereas autoantibodies to protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A and insulin (IAA were additionally measured in 200 sera randomly selected from the total collection. In addition, every GADA positive serum among the remaining 105 sera was systematically tested for the presence of IA-2A and IAA. In the cohort of 305 AITD patients 22 (7.2% were previously diagnosed as type 1, type 2 or insulin-requiring type 2 diabetics. Ten of these patients presented serum marker positivity specific for β-cell autoantigens and 12 were marker negative. On the other hand, considering the majority of non-diabetic AITD patients (n=283, β-cell marker positivity was detected in 17 individuals (6.0%. The prevalence of autoimmune diabetes markers was much higher in the studied population than in the general population utilized as a control group, and GADA was the most frequent marker.Se investigó la asociación entre enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune y la presencia de marcadores séricos de diabetes mellitus en 305 pacientes ambulatorios con enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune reclutados en la División Endocrinología. La búsqueda de marcadores de autoinmunidad contra las células beta pancreáticas se realizó por la técnica de unión de radioligandos (RBA como se detalla a continuación: se determinaron autoanticuerpos contra la decarboxilasa del ácido glutámico (GADA y proinsulina (PAA en todos los sueros, mientras que los anticuerpos contra la prote

  8. Marcadores ancestrales culturales y genéticos: investigación de apellidos mapuche

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    Corach, Daniel

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Las comunidades aborígenes que habitan las regiones andinas se caracterizan por haber conservado elementos lingüísticos originarios en sus apellidos. Estos han sufrido procesos de “occidentalización”, manteniendo, no obstante, rasgos etnia-específicos. Tal situación permite disponer de un criterio simple para identificar con cierto grado de certeza la ancestralidad de un individuo. Con el objeto de evaluar el grado de correlación entre este marcador cultural y marcadores genéticos hemos llevado a cabo una investigación con individuos varones no relacionados provenientes de las provincias de Río Negro y Chubut (N=136. Los donantes se seleccionaron de acuerdo a la presencia de elementos lingüísticos Mapuche en sus apellidos e individuos con apellidos europeos. Se emplearon tres criterios de clasificación: apellidos, presencia del haplogrupo Q-M3 y presencia de Haplogrupos mitocondriales amerindios (ABCD. Los grupos clasificados de acuerdo con estos criterios fueron analizados mediante 15 STRs autosómicos y 9 Y-STRs. En ambas provincias más del 95% de los individuos portadores de apellidos Mapuche exhibían hgs matri y/o patrilineales amerindios. Por otro lado, en Río Negro y Chubut sólo 18 y 17%, respectivamente, no exhibieron ni apellidos ni marcadores genéticos asociables con ancestros amerindios; en éstos los hgmt más representados fueron H (6.5%, U5 (4.3% y K (2.8%, seguidos por T (1.4%, V (0.7%, X (0.7% y M (0.7%. También fue detectado el hg Africano en baja frecuencia (1.4%. Nuestros resultados confirman una correlación estrecha entre apellidos Mapuche y polimorfismos genéticos étnia-específicos.

  9. Caracterización de marcadores inmunológicos en pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH

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    María Teresa Rugeles López

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available

    Los individuos infectados con VIH pueden dividirse en 4 subgrupos según la progresión de la infección: progresores típicos tiempo promedio de evolución a SIDA de 6-8 años, progresores rápidos (desarrollan SIDA en 2-3 años, progresores lentos (permanecen
    asintomáticos hasta por 20 años, y sobrevivientes a largo plazo
    (desarrollan SIDA en el mismo tiempo que los progresores típicos pero obreviven por más tiempo. La existencia de los progresores lentos indica la posibilidad de una respuesta inmune protectora. En ellos se ha identificado una respuesta específica de linfocitos T citotóxicos (CTL y T ayudadores. Se han definido proteínas virales que son blanco de los CTL y se ha encontrado que la respuesta a Gag y Env, está asociada a mejor evolución clínica y control de la viremia (1. También se bserva una respuesta fuerte contra proteínas Gag por células T ayudadoras (2, las cuales son importantes para mantener la actividad de los CTL. La inmunidad humoral, particularmente de mucosa a través de IgA, parece ser importante en prevenir la diseminación de la infección y el progreso de la enfermedad. Nuestro estudio pretende caracterizar marcadores inmunológicos que permitan clasificar los pacientes VIH positivos en uno de estos subgrupos, determinar si el tratamiento con antirretrovirales produce algún cambio en esos marcadores y, si es posible, basados en los parámetros que se puedan establecer, reevaluar el esquema de tratamiento en algunos pacientes.

     

     

  10. Actualización en marcadores genéticos ultrasonográficos del 1º trimestre del embarazo

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    Felicia Amaralis Trull Martínez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se aborda el tema de los marcadores ultrasonográficos del 1º trimestre del embarazo, brindando una actualización del tema. Se hace énfasis en los marcadores predictivos de las anomalías congénitas más frecuentes y se concluyó con importantes aspectos a tener en cuenta para una correcta interpretación de estos hallazgos.

  11. Variabilidade genética e ecológica de Stylosanthes macrocephala determinadas por RAPD e SIG Genetic and ecological variability of Stylosanthes macrocephaladetermined by RAPD markers and GIS

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    Ana Maria Barros

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Stylosanthes macrocephala M. B. Ferr. et S. Costa é uma leguminosa utilizada sob consorciação em pastagens, adubação e recuperação de áreas degradadas. A falta de características morfológicas e agronômicas estáveis e de informações ecogeográficas dos locais de coleta dos acessos tem dificultado o melhoramento genético da espécie. A fim de obter descritores ecológicos, moleculares e avaliar a variabilidade genética da coleção de S. macrocephala, 87 acessos foram analisados com o auxílio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG e de marcadores moleculares RAPD. Os acessos provieram de sete Estados, cinco bacias hidrográficas, sete tipos de vegetação e sete tipos de solos. As altitudes dos locais de coleta variaram de 1 a 1.298 m e a pluviometria anual média de 550 a 2.870 mm. A variabilidade de descritores ecológicos sugeriu diversidade adaptativa na coleção. Com base em 161 marcadores RAPD, verificou-se que as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos de S. macrocephala variaram entre 0,02 e 0,42. Com base nessas distâncias, dez grupos de similaridade genética foram estabelecidos. Observou-se tendência de separação por bacias hidrográficas e elevada variabilidade gen��tica entre os acessos coletados nos estados da Bahia e de Minas Gerais. A alta variabilidade genética da coleção de S. macrocephala evidencia a importância desses acessos para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento genético.Stylosanthes macrocephala M. B. Ferr et S. Costa is a leguminous species used as forage, cover crop and as a pioneer plant to recover degraded areas. Inexistence of stable morphological descriptors and lack of ecogeographic information about collecting sites bring difficulties to the studies of this species. The objective of this work was to use the geographic information system (GIS and RAPD markers to obtain ecological and molecular descriptors and to study the genetic variability of 87 S. macrocephala accessions. The

  12. Marcadores reduzidos para a avaliação da personalidade em adolescentes Marcadores reducidos para la evaluación de la personalidad en adolescentes Brazilian mini-markers for assessing personality in adolescents

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    Nelson Hauck Filho

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Os Marcadores Reduzidos para a Avaliação da Personalidade mensuram os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF mediante 25 adjetivos comumente utilizados para descrever diferenças individuais em português brasileiro. Contudo, até o momento, suas propriedades psicométricas com adolescentes não haviam sido investigadas. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura fatorial do instrumento em duas amostras de estudantes adolescentes. O primeiro estudo contou com 208 estudantes escolares (média de idades=15,97; DP=1,00. Análises de componentes principais do instrumento revelaram uma estrutura de cinco componentes oblíquos com apenas 20 marcadores. Esse modelo foi testado em uma segunda amostra com 280 estudantes (média de idades=15,53; DP=1,00 de forma confirmatória contra modelos alternativos. Os índices de ajuste também favoreceram um modelo de cinco fatores oblíquos. Os resultados, em conjunto, sugerem a adequação de uma versão do instrumento com apenas 20 marcadores para uso com adolescentes.Los Marcadores Reducidos para la Evaluación de la Personalidad mensuran los Cinco Grandes Factores (CGF mediante 25 adjetivos comúnmente utilizados para describir diferencias individuales en portugués brasileño. Todavía, hasta ahora, sus propiedades psicométricas con adolescentes no habían sido investigadas. De esa manera, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la estructura factorial del instrumento en dos muestras de estudiantes adolescentes. El primer estudio contó con 208 estudiantes (promedio de edades=15,97; DP=1,00. Análisis de componentes principales del instrumento revelaron una estructura de cinco componentes oblicuos con apenas 20 marcadores. Ese modelo fue testado en una segunda muestra con 280 estudiantes (promedio de edades=15,53; DP=1,00 de forma confirmatoria contra modelos alternativos. Los índices de ajuste también favorecieron un modelo de cinco factores oblicuos. Los resultados, en conjunto

  13. Polimorfismos genéticos de aislamientos del género Malassezia obtenidos en Colombia de pacientes con lesión dermatológica y sin ella.

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    Adriana M. Celis

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Las especies del género Malassezia se consideran levaduras oportunistas emergentes de gran importancia. Han sido asociadas a diferentes patologías dermatológicas y sistémicas de las cuales se aislan una o más especies de este género. El papel de estas levaduras en las enfermedades dermatológicas no se ha aclarado completamente, ya que la Malassezia spp. pertenece a la flora normal de la piel. Objetivo. Buscar marcadores genéticos en los aislamientos de Malassezia spp. que permitan correlacionar las lesiones dermatológicas con las especies aisladas. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron 103 aislamientos de Malassezia spp. a partir de muestras de pacientes con pitiriasis versicolor, dermatitis seborreica, dermatitis seborreica en pacientes positivos para VIH, dermatitis atópica, y de individuos sanos. Para los controles se usaron ocho cepas del Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS, Holanda. El perfil genético se realizó utilizando la técnica de ADN polimórfico amplificado aleatorio (RAPD con tres iniciadores (OPA2, OPA4, OPA13. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con los programas Diversity Database y SYN-TAX-PC. Resultados. Se observó heterogeneidad genética intraespecífica en Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Malassezia slooffiae y Malassezia obtusa, mientras que Malassezia sympodialis mostró mayor homogeneidad. Conclusión. No se determinó ningún patrón genético específico mediante la técnica de RAPD para las especies de Malassezia que se pudiera relacionar con la entidad dermatológica implicada.

  14. Assessment of genetic diversity on a sample of cocoa accessions resistant to witches' broom disease based on RAPD and pedigree data Avaliação da diversidade genética em uma amostra de acessos de cacau resistentes à doença vassoura-de-bruxa, com base em dados de RAPD e pedigree

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    Ronaldo Carvalho dos Santos

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Genetic diversity in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L. has been assessed based on morphological and molecular markers for germplasm management and breeding purposes. Pedigree data is available in cocoa but it has not been used for assessing genetic relatedness. The geneitic diversity of 30 clonal cocoa accessions resistant to witche´ broom disease, from the CEPEC series, were studied on the basis of RAPD data and pedigree information. Twenty of these accessions descend from the TSA-644 clone, originated from a cross between the Upper Amazon germplasm called Scavina-6, the main source of resistance to witches' broom disease, and IMC-67. The ten remaining clones come from different sources including Amazon and Trinitario germplasm. RAPD data was collected using 16 primers and pedigree information was obtained from the International Cocoa Germplasm Database. Genetic similarities, genetic distances and coefficient of parentage were calculated using available software. Relatively low genetic diversity was observed in this germplasm set, probably because of great genetic relatedness amongst accessions studied and the poor representation of the germplasm. The TSA-644 descendants were more diverse than the other accessions used in the study. This might be due to the origin of the TSA clone, which was derived from highly divergent genotypes. Association between genetic similarities based on RAPD data and coefficient of parentage, based on pedigree data, was very low, probably due to the homogeneity of the breeding stocks and poor pedigree information. These findings are useful to cocoa breeders in planning crosses for the development of hybrid and clonal cultivars.A diversidade genética em cacau (Theobroma cacao L., embasada em dados morfológicos e em marcadores moleculares, tem sido avaliada com fins de manejo de germoplasma e uso no melhoramento genético. Dados de genealogia de cacau, embora disponíveis, não têm sido utilizados. Foi analisada a

  15. Caracterización molecular de un banco de germoplasma del género Theobroma mediante la técnica RAPD* Molecular characterisation of a germplasm bank for Theobroma genus using the RAPD technique

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    Quintero Lorena

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Mediante la utilización de marcadores RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, se analizaron 145 materiales (128 de T. grandiflorum y 17 de T. bicolor pertenecientes al banco de germoplasma ex situ del género Theobroma del Instituto Sinchi, localizado en San José del Guaviare. A partir de un número inicial de 20, se seleccionaron los 5 cebadores capaces de generar mayor número de polimorfismos para generar 114 bandas que lograron distinguir entre más del 99% de los materiales analizados: 57 bandas para T. grandiflorum (84,2% polimórficas, 45 bandas para T. bicolor (26,7% polimórficas y 12 bandas compartidas entre las dos especies (58,3% polimórficas. A partir de la matriz de semejanza generada utilizando el índice de Dice, representada en un dendrograma UPGMA, y el análisis de componentes principales, se determinó un alto grado de semejanza intraespecífica en los materiales analizados, particularmente en T. bicolor. Luego de comparar este análisis con el morfoagronómico previamente realizado en algunos materiales de T. grandiflorum, se encontró que los grupos generados por dicha evaluación morfológica y agronómica son heterogéneos a nivel molecular. La información obtenida se utilizará como herramienta para la toma de decisiones en cuanto a las estrategias de mantenimiento, enriquecimiento y uso del banco. Palabras clave: Theobroma grandiflorum, Theobroma bicolor, RAPD, caracterización molecular.RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA were used for analysing 145 individuals (128 T. grandiflorum and 17 T. bicolor from the ex situ Theobroma genus germplasm bank at Instituto Sinchi, located at San José del Guaviare. 5 primers able to generated polymorphism were selected from an initial set of 20, generating 114 bands that enable to us to distinguish between more than 99% of individuals analysed: 57 bands for T. grandiflorum (84.2% polymorphic, 45 bands for T. bicolor (26.7% polymorphic and 12 bands shared between

  16. Genetic diversity of tropical-adapted onion germplasm assessed by RAPD markers Diversidade genética em germoplasma tropical de cebola estimada via marcadores RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria do Desterro M dos Santos

    2012-03-01

    relation to main 'Baia Periforme' group. This germplasm displayed a relatively low genetic diversity, with the predominance of materials originated from the base population 'Baia Periforme'. There are, however, some accessions, which can add genetic diversity to this germplasm and they can be exploited by onion breeding programs aiming to develop cultivars for tropical regions of the world.A cebola é uma cultura de expressiva importância socioeconômica para o Brasil. Marcantes contribuições para o desenvolvimento da cultura têm sido feitas utilizando-se germoplasma de cebola adaptado às regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a diversidade genética existente em uma coleção de germoplasma potencialmente útil ao desenvolvimento de cultivares para essas regiões. Para isso, a variabilidade genética de um grupo de 21 acessos foi analisada via marcadores RAPD. Esses acessos ('Red Creole', 'Roxa IPA-3', 'Valenciana 14', 'Beta Cristal', 'Diamante', 'Composto IPA-6', 'Aurora', 'Bojuda Rio Grande', 'Alfa Tropical', 'Pêra IPA-4', 'Primavera', 'Belém IPA-9', 'Crioula Alto Vale', 'Conquista', 'Pira-Ouro', 'Vale-Ouro IPA-11', 'Franciscana IPA-10', 'Serrana', 'CNPH 6400', 'Petroline' e 'Baia Periforme' têm sido empregados como germoplasma e/ou foram desenvolvidos pelos programas de melhoramento genético de cebola conduzidos no Brasil. Dos 520 iniciadores ('primers' utilizados na triagem inicial, somente 38 confirmaram polimorfismos entre os 21 acessos. Esses 38 'primers' produziram 624 amplicons, dos quais 522 (83,7% foram monomórficos e 102 (16,3% polimórficos. Com base nos padrões revelados, seis grupos foram formados de acordo com a similaridade média global entre os acessos (= 0,72. Somente um desses seis grupos englobou mais de um acesso. O grupo principal (formado por 16 acessos incluiu, predominantemente, as cultivares que apresentam no seu pedigree a contribuição de 'Baia Periforme' ('Diamante

  17. Caracterización, por RAPD-PCR, de aislados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtenidos de pacientes con fibrosis quística RAPD-PCR characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains obtained from cystic fibrosis patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maribel Ortiz-Herrera

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a las cepas de P aeruginosa aisladas de lavados broncoalveolares de pacientes con fibrosis quística a lo largo de un periodo de tres años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, de seguimiento de una población de pacientes con fibrosis quística. Se utilizó la técnica de la amplificación del ADN empleando PCR con bajas condiciones de especificidad (Random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD-PCR para la amplificación del ADN de cepas de P aeruginosa aisladas de lavados broncoalveolares de cinco pacientes con fibrosis quística, provenientes del Servicio de Neumología y Cirugía del Tórax del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la Ciudad de México, en el periodo de junio de 1996 a junio de 2002; se establecieron los patrones de amplificación de cada aislamiento, lo que permitió la identificación precisa de todas las cepas aisladas y el estudio de la epidemiología de P aeruginosa en los pacientes seleccionados con dicha enfermedad. RESULTADOS: Se definieron 18 patrones de amplificación del ADN que permitieron identificar a cada cepa de P aeruginosa aislada en las diferentes muestras de lavado broncoalveolar; no se encontró relación entre el fenotipo de P aeruginosa (mucoide o no mucoide y el genotipo de cada aislamiento, ya que cepas con fenotipos distintos mostraron patrones de amplificación semejantes; en nuestros pacientes se identificaron cepas con patrones de amplificación distintos a partir de una misma muestra, lo que sugiere la presencia de infecciones simultáneas por más de una cepa de P aeruginosa; se demostró que dos hermanos con la enfermedad compartían cepas con genotipos semejantes, lo que sugiere una contaminación cruzada entre ambos, y se demostró el aislamiento de cepas de P aeruginosa con genotipos semejantes a lo largo de los periodos estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: La identificación mediante la caracterización genotípica de las cepas de P aeruginosa aisladas de los pacientes con

  18. Variabilidade genética de etnovariedades de mandioca, avaliada por marcadores de DNA Genetic diversity of cassava folk varieties assessed by DNA markers

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    Gilda Santos Mühlen

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variabilidade genética de etnovariedades ("folk varieties" de mandioca e examinar a distribuição desta variabilidade entre grupos de etnovariedades de diferentes locais de origem e tipos. Foram escolhidas 54 etnovariedades de mandioca originárias de quatro regiões brasileiras: 45 etnovariedades da Amazônia (23 do Rio Negro, 6 do Rio Branco e 16 do Rio Solimões e 9 do litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo. A variedade moderna Mantiqueira¹, de ampla distribuição mundial, também foi incluída. Destas, 38 variedades eram mandiocas bravas e 17 de mesa (aipins ou macaxeiras. Foram utilizados três tipos de marcador de DNA: RAPD, AFLP e microssatélites. A análise dos resultados consistiu na descrição do padrão de bandas, cálculo de índices de similaridade (Nei & Li; 1979 e análise de coordenadas principais (PCoA, para cada tipo de marcador. Para os locos de microssatélites foram calculados também: heterozigozidade, índices de diversidade (DI, de Weir e coeficientes de diferenciação genética (G ST. A variabilidade genética mostrou-se mais concentrada dentro de regiões do que entre regiões (G ST = 0,07. A heterozigozidade média foi de 56%. Os índices médios de similaridade entre variedades variaram em função do tipo de marcador: S = 0,89 para RAPD, S = 0, 85 para AFLP e S = 0,59 para microssatélites. Análises de coordenadas principais mostraram agrupamentos separando as variedades de mesa das bravas.The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic diversity among cassava folk varieties as well as to examine the distribution of the genetic diversity among varieties of different origin and type. Fifty-four cassava varieties were chosen from 4 Brasilian regions: 45 of the Amazon basin (23 from River Negro, 6 of the River Branco and 16 of the River Solimões and 9 of the south coast of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The modern variety Mantiqueira was also included as a

  19. Variabilidad genética según RAPD de árboles de guayabo 'Media China' procedentes de cuatro plantaciones y su respuesta morfológica a baja disponibilidad de nutrimentos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. L. Domínguez Álvarez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available En la presente investigación se evaluó la variabilidad molecular y morfológica mediante marcadores tipo RAPD’s (Polimorfismos en el ADN Amplificados al Azar, de plantas de guayabo (Psidium guajava L. ‘Media China’ derivadas de semilla y sometidas a baja disponibilidad de Fe y Zn. Se establecieron asociaciones entre diecisiete caracteres morfológicos y 49 loci RAPD’s y la respuesta de las plantas al estrés nutrimental, mediante análisis de agrupamiento empleando el NTSYS, DARwin y χ2. El análisis de los patrones RAPD’s obtenidos de una muestra de 82 plantas indicó la existencia de variabilidad genética entre las mismas. De un total de 49 loci evaluados el 96 % fueron polimórficos, con un índice de diversidad promedio igual a 0.744. El análisis comparativo de la eficiencia de los marcadores RAPD’s derivados de 82 plantas contra marcadores morfológicos obtenidos de 72 plantas para definir y diferenciar grupos de genotipos con y sin síntomas de deficiencia de Fe y Zn, indicó que los marcadores RAPD’s son más eficientes para tal propósito. Los grupos de plantas sin síntomas se asociaron con la presencia de los loci RAPD’s A20-4, A20-2 y A20-1, con un peso molecular de 0.85, 1.4 y 1.6 kb y una frecuencia de 86.5, 78 y 89 %, respectivamente; mientras que la característica común para las plantas con síntomas fue la presencia de una banda A03-3, de 1.3 kb y una frecuencia de 74 %. Por la asociación de tres loci y el caracter ausencia de síntomas, se infiere que este caracter es poligénico, determinado por el efecto combinado de las bandas A20- 4, A20-2 Y A20-1, es necesaria esta combinación para la definición de los grupos sin síntomas por deficiencia de Fe y Zn. Al calcular la correlación, se encontró una asociación no significativa, con una r = 0.05743. Cuando el análisis se realizó integrando los dos tipos de marcadores en una sola matriz y utilizando el coeficiente χ2, no se encontró separación entre los

  20. Matrimonios consanguíneos en Uruguay (1800-1994: subestructuración y su relación con marcadores uniparentales

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    Sans, Mónica

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available En Uruguay existen escasos estudios sobre consanguinidad, todos éstos referidos a la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El objetivo de esta presentación es analizar las características de los matrimonios consanguíneos en dos regiones del Uruguay (sur y nordeste durante casi dos siglos (1800-1994, y los tipos de matrimonies consanguíneos con relación a la herencia de marcadores uniparentales. Se analizaron 28393 matrimonios registrados en archivos parroquiales de las ciudades de Montevideo y Melo, y las 633 (2,23% dispensas por consanguinidad otorgadas. Se estimó el índice medio de consanguinidad α, la frecuencia de los distintos grados de matrimonios consanguíneos, y la frecuencia de subtipos clasificados según relación y sexo de los ancestros para matrimonios entre primos hermano. El subtipo A (las madres de los contrayentes eran hermanas fue el más frecuente, y especialmente, las uniones paralelas (A+D con relación a las uniones cruzadas (B+C. Se discute cómo éstas preferencias afectan la consanguinidad y la transmisión del ADN mitocondrial , el cromosoma Y, y los genes ligados al cromosoma X.

  1. Estudio de marcadores de transición epitelio-mesénquima en neoplasias renales

    OpenAIRE

    Cadenas González, Nuria

    2016-01-01

    HIPÓTESIS: La expresión de ciertas proteínas, ligadas a eventos de transición epitelio-mesénquima en el cáncer renal, podrían estar relacionada con la agresividad biológica y comportarse como marcadores pronósticos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La población de estudio son 156 pacientes con cáncer renal de las cinco variedades histológicas más frecuentes: carcinoma de células claras (con el subtipo sarcomatoide), carcinoma papilar, carcinoma cromófobo y oncocitoma. El periodo mínimo de seguimiento s...

  2. RAPD

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    STORAGESEVER

    2009-03-20

    Mar 20, 2009 ... isolates. Key words: Cyanobacteria, phylogenetic analysis, RAPD, PCR, primers. ... For example many species of the genera Oscillatoria,. Lyngbya ..... sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial.

  3. Variações genéticas em populações de Eucalyptus spp. detectadas por meio de marcadores moleculares Genetic variations in Eucalyptus spp. genotypes detected by means of molecular markers

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    Ronaldo Pereira Caixeta

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available A tecnologia de marcadores moleculares, aliada às técnicas clássicas do melhoramento, pode contribuir significativamente para o conhecimento básico da cultura e do caráter estudado e para a geração e o desenvolvimento de produtos melhorados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar marcadores RAPD para detectar e maximizar a variabilidade genética em genótipos Eucalyptus, identificando cruzamentos favoráveis para um programa de melhoramento florestal, visando o uso múltiplo. Foram analisados 44 genótipos de híbridos naturais do gênero Eucalyptus, plantados na região noroeste de Minas Gerais. Os marcadores moleculares RAPD apresentaram poder de discriminação eficiente entre os 44 genótipos avaliados, constatando-se uma distância genética média entre os genótipos de Eucalyptus de 54% e divergência genética variando de 24 a 73%. Este fato indica que entre os indivíduos analisados existe uma ampla base genética, o que possibilita a manipulação desse material em programas de melhoramento. A distância genética entre os genótipos 5 e 9; 9 e 10; 9 e 19; 9 e 25; 9 e 33; 9 e 35; 9 e 36; 9 e 44; 10 e 33; 12 e 19; 12 e 33; e 12 e 39 apresentou-se maior ou igual a 70%. A análise de agrupamento estabelecida, utilizando UPGMA e o critério de corte de 80% da distância genética total, permitiu a formação de nove grupos distintos. Esses grupos apresentaram divergência genética média superior a 60%. A maior média de distância ocorreu entre o grupo I e os demais, com 67%. A avaliação por marcadores moleculares RAPD forneceu uma identificação direta da variação genética dos genótipos e, neste sentido, novos cruzamentos para produção de híbridos específicos poderão ser gerados, aumentando, assim, a divergência genética e a produtividade de derivados de madeira de qualidade superior para usos múltiplos em programas de melhoramento florestal.Molecular marker technology combined with the classic breeding techniques

  4. Tipificación de marcadores genéticos sanguíneos en raza Hereford

    OpenAIRE

    Quinteros, Indalecio Rodolfo; Tejedor, Eugenio Daniel; Poli, Mario Andrés; Antonini de Ruiz, Alicia Graciela

    1981-01-01

    El paso inicial de esta investigación ha sido tipificar al Bovino Hereford de Argentina para definirlo mediante la metodología de la Inmunogenética. Se buscaron "expresiones" propias y coincidencias con los "marcadores genéticos sanguíneos" descubiertos en esta raza por otros países. Su gran adaptabilidad a "hábitats" diferentes induce a mantener intacto su germoplasma y enriquecerlo con el agregado de nuevos genes. No obstante su homogeneidad racial, el Hereford Argentino presenta destacado ...

  5. Seroprevalencia de marcadores de infecciones transmisibles por vía transfusional en banco de sangre de Colombia

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    Jair Alberto Patiño Bedoya

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la seroprevalencia de marcadores de infecciones transmisibles por vía transfusional. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con fuente de información secundaria, basada en los resultados de pruebas biológicas en los donantes de un banco de sangre de Medellín, Colombia, de 2007 a 2010. Se determinó la seroprevalencia de los marcadores de infección y se compararon según sexo y tipo de donante a través de análisis de frecuencias, chi cuadrado, Fisher y razones de prevalencia. RESULTADOS: La población de base estuvo conformada por 65.535 donantes de los cuales, 3,3% presentaran al menos una prueba biológica positiva. El marcador más prevalente en las pruebas del banco de sangre fue sífilis (1,2%, seguido de tripanosomiasis (1,0%, virus de la hepatitis C (VHC (0,6%, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH (0,5% y virus de la hepatitis B (VHB (0,2%. Con base en el laboratorio de referencia se halló una prevalencia de 0,6% para sífilis, 0,1% para VHB y 0% para VHC, VIH y Chagas. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticas en la prevalencia de VHB y sífilis según sexo y tipo de donante. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados son coherentes con las prevalencias dadas por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS y se pueden correlacionar con la prevalencia mundial de las infecciones transmisibles por via transfusional. Los resultados hallados en las pruebas del banco de sangre posibilitan la disminución del riesgo transfusional pero limitan la optimización de recursos al excluir donantes clasificados como falsos positivos.

  6. Metales pesados y su relación con marcadores de estrés oxidativo en fumadores crónicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Salazar-Lugo

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron las concentraciones de metales Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd y Ni y su relación con marcadores de estrés oxidativo en 50 fumadores crónicos de ambos géneros (30 y 84 años. Los fumadores se dividieron en dos grupos: 25 fumadores de 1-5 cigarrillos/día (cig/día y 25 fumadores de más de 6 cig/día. Los niveles de metales en sangre total y en orina fueron determinados por espectrofotometría de emisión atómica con plasma inductivamente acoplado (ICPOES. Se realizaron determinaciones hematológicas y bioquímicas de proteínas totales, fraccionadas y de tioles totales. Los fumadores presentaron mayores concentraciones de Fe en sangre independientemente del número de cigarrillos fumados y menores concentraciones de Zn, Cr y Ni. No se observaron diferencias en las concentraciones de Cu en sangre. El Cd en fumadores estuvo entre 5,0-10,0 μg/L y en no-fumadores entre 0,0-5,0 μg/L. No se observaron diferencias signi cativas en las concentraciones de hemoglobina, hematocrito y la hemoglobina corpuscular media en los grupos, ni entre las concentraciones de albúmina ni globulinas; se observó un incremento en los leucocitos y en los grupos tioles totales de fumadores. Las concentraciones de Fe en sangre se correlacionaron con los glóbulos blancos y con el Cd; igualmente se encontró correlación entre la albúmina y los grupos tioles. Las concentraciones de Zn y el Cu se incrementaron en la orina de fumadores, no así las concentraciones de Fe. De acuerdo a estos resultados, en los fumadores crónicos, la distribución de Fe en el organismo juega un papel central en la posible progresión y desarrollo de las enfermedades relacionadas con este hábito.

  7. Determinación de marcadores inflamatorios y anabólicos articulares en caballos jóvenes estabulados con osteocondrosis tarsocrural

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    Jorge Carmona

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Describir los valores de las concentraciones en líquido sinovial (LS de prostaglandina E2 (PGE2, óxido nítrico (NO, ácido hialurónico (HA y proteína total (PT en caballos jóvenes estabulados con osteocondrosis (OC tarsocrural y correlacionar los valores de estos marcadores con el recuento total de células del LS, el grado de efusión sinovial (ES y con el grado de cojera (GC. Materiales y métodos. Las concentraciones en LS de PGE2 fueron determinadas mediante ELISA, las de NO fueron valoradas por la reacción de Greiss, las de HA fueron medidas con radioinmunoanálisis RIA y las de PT mediante refractometría. Resultados. Once caballos entre 8 y 36 meses fueron incluidos. La mediana y el rango (R de los grados de ES y GC fueron de 1.5 (R: 0.5-2 y 0 (R: 0-2, respectivamente. La mediana de la concentración de PGE2 y NO, respectivamente fue 130.6 pg/mL (R: 41-231.7 pg/mL y 2.92 mM (R: 1.3-6.3 mM.. La concentración de HA presentó una mediana de 312.4 mg/mL (R: 70-543.5 mg/mL. La concentración promedio de PT fue de 1.2±-0.36 g/dL. Se observó correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre las concentraciones sinoviales de HA y el grado de efusión sinovial (ñ=-0.7; p= 0.048 y el grado de cojera (ñ=-0.78; p=0.014. Conclusiones. La concentración de HA en LS de caballos con OC podría estar negativamente correlacionada con la gravedad de los signos clínicos.

  8. Diversidade genética de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell. Morong. no Baixo Rio São Francisco, por meio de marcadores RAPD Genetic diversity of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell. Morong. in the low San Francisco river by RAPD markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Georgea da Cruz Santana

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. Morong (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae é uma espécie muito utilizada em programas de recuperação de matas ciliares no Baixo Rio São Francisco, devido ao seu rápido crescimento inicial. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD, a diversidade genética de oito indivíduos de uma população remanescente dessa espécie, visando contribuir para a definição de estratégias de coleta de sementes. Os indivíduos estão situados em uma área de 100 ha de mata ciliar do Baixo Rio São Francisco. Para a extração do DNA, pelo método CTAB 2%, foram utilizadas folhas tenras dos indivíduos. Testaram-se 20 oligonucleotídios de 10 bases de seqüência arbitrária, cujos produtos foram separados em gel de agarose 0,8%, submetidos à eletroforese horizontal, corados com brometo-de-etídio e visualizados em luz ultravioleta. A similaridade genética entre os indivíduos foi calculada pelo Coeficiente de Similaridade de Jaccard e a construção do dendrograma, realizada utilizando-se o método UPGMA. O valor médio de diversidade genética entre as matrizes foi de 49%, variando de 33 a 85%. Os indivíduos 6 e 7 apresentaram relativa proximidade genética (67%, não sendo indicado o plantio de suas mudas ou semeadura direta para recuperação de área ciliar em locais muito próximos. A partir dos resultados observados, podem-se desenvolver estratégias para a coleta de sementes e produção de mudas, auxiliando, assim, programas de restauração ambiental.Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. Morong (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae is very much used in riparian forest restoration programs in the Low San Francisco River because of its fast initial growth. The objective of this work was to evaluate by RAPD molecular markers the genetic diversity of eight individuals of a remaining population of this species, in order to contribute for the definition of strategies for seed production. The

  9. RAPD

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    2011-02-07

    Feb 7, 2011 ... albicans isolates obtained from Monastir dental hospital ... RAPD-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular tool used to differentiate the ... the skin and mucosal surfaces of the genital and intest- ... MATERIALS AND METHODS ... symptoms associated with oral Candida infection were ranged from.

  10. Principales marcadores moleculares utilizados para la identificación de Babesia bovis y Babesia bigemina

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    Sandra Ríos T.

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo describe los principales marcadores moleculares utilizados para la identificación de B. bovis y B. bigemina reportados en la literatura científica. Para ello se diseñó una revisión sistemática a partir de la aplicación de la estrategia metodológica PICO modificada con el objetivo de definir las secuencias nucleotídicas detectadas en los diferentes sitios geográficos y su utilidad diagnóstica. Se realizó una búsqueda avanzada con los términos “Babesia bovis” y “DNA” y “Babesia bigemina” y “DNA” en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, SpringerLink y PubMed que después de ser filtradas permitieron obtener un resultado total de 68 artículos originales. Tanto los artículos incluidos como los excluidos fueron almacenados en tablas, en las cuales se presenta la justificación de su condición dentro del estudio. A los 68 artículos seleccionados se les aplicó una evaluación con criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente definidos, de este modo, 21 artículos originales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y se incluyeron en el estudio. Se describe la utilidad de los marcadores moleculares referenciados en la literatura científica desde 1995 hasta el 2010: la subunidad pequeña RNAr, el gen citocromo b, gen msa-1 and msa-2c, el gen Bv, el factor de elongación alfa (EF-1α, el gen de la beta-Tubulina, SBP 1-2-3, y los RAP; su aplicación diagnóstica y su utilización en los diferentes sitios geográficos. Los marcadores moleculares utilizados para la detección de las babesias bovinas varían dependiendo de la región geográfica, grado de conservación genética y resultados de estudios previos que concluyen su utilidad diagnóstica.

  11. Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique has been widely applied to identify different varieties of plants for molecular breeding. However, application of RAPD markers to identify parthenogenesis in plants has not been reported. In this investigation, we used pedigree and RAPD markers to differentiate ...

  12. Sobretreinamento: teorias, diagnóstico e marcadores Sobreentrenamiento: teorías, diagnóstico y marcadores Overtraining: theories, diagnosis and markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovani dos Santos Cunha

    2006-10-01

    sobre el sobreentrenamiento en un esfuerzo de identificar sus causas, sus síntomas, hipótesis y marcadores que pudiesen identificarlo, mas este diagnóstico es muy difícil, pues los síntomas de sobreentrenamiento se confunden con los de pré-sobreentrenamiento y con los de entrenamiento normal, de ahí que es difícil disociarlos. Hasta el momento no existe un simple marcador que pueda prever el sobreentrenamiento, de esta forma, la disminución en el desempeño físico aún es considerada oro padrón. Marcadores hormonales, bioquímicos, inmunes, psicológicos y el estrés oxidativo pueden dar informaciones relevantes para un diagnóstico preciso y confiable para el sobreentrenamiento.The aim of the sports training is the increase and the improvement of the physical performance. Whenever the intensity, duration and the daily working load are not appropriate, positive physiological adaptations occur. However, there is a fairly subtle delimitation between an outstanding performance and a decrease in it due to overtraining. Overtraining may include: lesion and muscular weakness; cytosine activation; hormonal and hematological alterations; mood swings; psychological depression and nutritional problems which may lead to loss appetite and diarrhea. Several studies about overtraining have been conducted with the effort to identify its causes, symptoms, hypotheses, besides the markers that could identify it. Nevertheless, its diagnosis is very difficult since the overtraining symptoms are similar to the ones from pre-overtraining and to the ones from normal training, making it difficult to dissociate them. Currently, there is not a single marker that could predict overtraining, thus, the decrease in physical performance is still considered the gold-standard. Hormonal, biochemical, immune and psychological markers, besides the oxidative stress, may provide relevant information for an accurate and trustworthy diagnosis on overtraining.

  13. Differentiation of ricin using rapd markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vivodik, M.; Balazova, Z.

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity within the set of 111 ricin genotypes using 13 RAPD primers. For differentiation of 111 ricin genotypes 13 RAPD primers were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of 111 genotypes using RAPD analysis yielded 102 fragments, with an average of 7.85 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with RAPD primers ranged from 3 to 13, with the size of amplicons ranging from 100 to 1500 bp. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.491 to 0.898 with an average of 0.764 and diversity index (DI) value ranged from 0.576 to 0.900 with an average of 0.776. The dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm was prepared. In dendrogram separated unique genotype RM-32 from other 110 genotypes which were further grouped into 3 subclusters (1, 2, 3). Only four genotypes were not distinguished. Using more polymorphic RAPD markers genetically close genotypes can be distinguished. Knowledge on the genetic diversity of castor can be used for future breeding programs for increased oil production to meet the ever increasing demand of castor oil for industrial uses as well as for biodiesel production. (author)

  14. Colesterol y triglicéridos como marcadores bioquímicos del estado de la enfermedad del paciente con leucemia linfocítica aguda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Guzmán

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la relación de los niveles séricos de colesterol y triglicéridos con el estado de respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico de inducción de pacientes con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Material y Métodos: La muestra la conforman 25 pacientes de 2 a 18 años de edad, admitidos al Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas con un diagnóstico reciente de leucemia linfocítica aguda; determinándose en ellos sus concentraciones séricas de colesterol total, colesterol-HDL, colesterol-LDL y triglicéridos, antes y después de la primera fase de la quimioterapia de inducción. Resultados: Solamente 23 pacientes respondieron al tratamiento y en ellos observamos un incremento de 19,24 ± 4,49 mg/dL a 46,84 ± 15,38 mg/dL para el colesterol-HDL; y un descenso de 153,66 ± 36,39 mg/dL a 79,79 ± 34,53 mg/dL para los triglicéridos (p<0,0001. Por el contrario, en los pacientes que no respondieron al tratamiento, se obtuvo un incremento de 14,64 ± 2,46 mg/dL a 23,13 ± 14,23 mg/dL para el colesterol-HDL y un incremento de 121,88 ± 0,56 mg/dL a 161,01 ± 75,25 mg/dL para los triglicéridos. Conclusión: Las concentraciones séricas de colesterol y triglicéridos se relacionan con el estado de la enfermedad del paciente con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Proponemos a estos metabolitos, como marcadores bioquímicos en el seguimiento clínico de esta enfermedad.

  15. Guia de marcadors socials, setembre 2012

    OpenAIRE

    Gené Pujols, Esteve

    2012-01-01

    Los marcadores sociales son una forma sencilla y popular de almacenar, clasificar y compartir enlaces web. Aquí se explican en detalle: Delicious, Mister Wong y Diigo. Els marcadors socials són una forma senzilla i popular d'emmagatzemar, classificar i compartir enllaços web. Aquí s'expliquen en detall: Delicious, Mister Wong i Diigo. Social bookmarking is an easy and popular way to store, sort and share web links. Here are explained in detail: Delicious, Mister Wong and Diigo.

  16. Marcadores moleculares em estudos de caracterização de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.: o sabor Molecular markers in erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis araguariensis St.Hil. characterization studies: the taste

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Angelo Vidor

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available A Epagri (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina S.A possui uma das maiores coleções brasileiras de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.. A partir de ensaios agronômicos preliminares, apresentaram destaque as procedências Barão de Cotegipe e Água Doce. Dentre essas, verificaram-se diferentes sabores (mais amargo e menos amargo, aparentemente, em função do tipo de folha (CL - curta e larga; LE - longa e estreita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de tentar associar os padrões obtidos mediante marcadores moleculares, com as procedências ou acessos e características fenotípicas desejáveis - altura de planta, diâmetro de copa, densidade folhar, sobrevivência das plantas e comportamento de rebrota -, dentro do caráter sabor em erva-mate. Para isto, utilizaram-se marcadores moleculares que amplificam DNA, do tipo RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Os resultados indicaram não ser possível, com o número de iniciadores utlizados como marcadores moleculares, definir geneticamente o caráter sabor, ainda que os mesmos tenham indicado tendência para tal.The Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Extensios Organization - Epagri SA, owns one of the largest Brazilian colletions or erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.. Preliminary agronomic trials identified two promissing erva-mate materials named Barão de Cotegipe and Água Doce. Different tastes within each material were also identified, i.e. tastes with different grades of bitterness, apparently associated with the shape of leaves (CL - short and wide; LE - long and narrow. This study aimed to associate this plant patterns using molecular markers with plant origins and desirable fenotipic characteristics such as plant height, crown diameter, leaf density, plant survival, regrowth behaviour, within each taste group. For this molecular markers which amplify DNA of RAPD type (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA was used. The results did not allow

  17. Genetic divergence among Dimorphandra spp. accessions using RAPD markers Divergência genética entre acessos de Dimorphandra spp. usando marcadores RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Pombo Sudré

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available The genus Dimorphandra has distinguish relevance considering either medicinal or biodiversity aspects because it includes two species that are economically important flavonoids sources for pharmachemical industry (D. mollis Benth. and D. gardneriana Tul., and species endemic to Brazil, such as D. jorgei Silva and D. wilsonii Rizz., threatened by extinction. In order to evaluate variability among accessions of D. mollis (fava-d'anta, D. gardneriana and D. wilsonii, it was collected fruit from individual plants from three Brazilian states in a total of 57 accessions, which were analyzed with RAPD markers. It was used 20 seeds per progeny; the DNA was extracted from fully-formed young leaves, which were collected in bulk. The data were analyzed using a binary matrix, in which the score one represented presence of a band and zero, absence. The similarity matrix was developed by using the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard index, later grouped based on the Neighbor Joining algorithm. It was found considerable intra and inter specific variability in Dimorphandra spp., which were separated into four groups. Though genetic variability was found, the collecting trips showed that most of these areas are subject to loss of genetic resources of fava-d'anta due to the following factors: continuous anthropic activity, propensity for natural fires, and loss of natural seed dispersers (large fruit-eating mammals. Therefore, protections of these areas and ex situ conservation are essentials for the maintenance of genetic variability of these species.O gênero Dimorphandra tem grande relevância, sobretudo nos aspectos medicinais e de biodiversidade, por incluir duas espécies que são importantes economicamente como fontes de flavonoides para indústria farmacoquímica (D. mollis Benth. e D. gardneriana Tull., e espécies endêmicas do Brasil, como a D. jorgei Silva e D. wilsonii Rizz., sendo esta ameaçada de extinção. Objetivando avaliar a variabilidade

  18. Valoración del estado inmunológico en niños con gingivoestomatitis herpética aguda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amparo Pérez Borrego

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio en 30 niños atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler" con el diagnóstico de gingivoestomatitis herpética aguda (GEHA con el objetivo de conocer su estado de inmunocompetencia celular. La edad promedio fue de 3,7 años; se afectaron ambos sexos por igual, con un promedio de los enfermos de raza blanca sobre los de raza negra. Encontramos el 83 % de los pacientes con algún grado de defecto en los marcadores de inmunidad estudiados (rosetas activa y espontánea, de los cuales 22 mostraron cifras anormalmente bajas en los 2 marcadores y 3 en 1 marcador. Entre los pacientes que presentaron enfermedad de debut, en total 9, hubo 5 con valores dentro de límites normales y los restantes con ambos marcadores afectados. En los casos de recidiva, que fueron 21, el 100 % presentó al menos 1 marcador afectado. Puede considerarse, por lo tanto, el déficit inmunológico celular como factor predisponente o secundario a la infección por herpes simple tipo I.30 children who received medical attention at the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of William Soler Pediatric Hospital with the diagnosis of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (AHGS were studied in order to know their cellular immunocompetence state. Average age was 3.7 years old. Both sexes were affected. A prevalence of white patients was observed. 83 % of the patients had some degree of defect in the studied immunity markers (active and spontaneous rosettes. 22 of them showed abnormally low figures in the 2 markers, and 3 in only one. 5 of the 9 patients with debut disease had values within the normal limits, whereas the rest had both markers affected. Among the patients with relapse that were 21, 100 %, presented at least one affected marker. herefore, the cellular immunological deficit may be considered as a predisposing or secondary factor to the infection caused by herpex simplex type 1.

  19. Estructura genética e historia demográfica del Jaguar ( Panthera onca en Colombia: Contraste entre marcadores moleculares y datos craneométricos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Ruíz-García

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Se estudio la estructura genética de los jaguares en Colombia (n=49, e igualmente, se com-pararon los resultados moleculares obtenidos con otros 16 jaguares procedentes de Guatemala,Perú, Bolivia y zona central de la Amazonía brasileña. Para ello se emplearon 18 marcadores microsatélites (STRPs diseñados para gato doméstico. Estos marcadores fueron Fca 01, 08, 24,43, 45, 70, 94, 96, 126, 136, 176, 200, 225, 251, 290, 294, 391 y 506, localizados en losdiferentes cromosomas felinos. Mediante tests exactos utilizando cadenas de Markov y elmétodo de Fisher se determinó un fuerte exceso de homocigotos en todos los niveles jerárquicosanalizados, lo cual pone en evidencia la posible importancia del efecto Wahlund en esta especiey la no existencia de correspondencia con las subespecies morfológicamente propuestas en elpasado. Se calculó también el asignamiento poblacional de los jaguares analizados, a las dossubespecies de jaguares presentes en Colombia mediante el método de verosimilitud y con elmétodo basado en distancias con los procedimientos “as is” y “leave one out”.

  20. Genotype characterization of Haematobia irritans from different Brazilian geographic regions based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD analysis Caracterização genotípica de Haematobia irritans procedentes de diferentes regiões geográficas brasileiras baseada na análise do DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso (RAPD-PCR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana G. Brito

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Blood-sucking diptera are important parasites in bovine production systems, especially regarding confinement conditions. Haematobia irritans, the horn fly, is one of the most troublesome species within bovine production systems, due to the intense stress imposed to the animals. An important aspect while studying the variability within a species is the study of the geographic structure of its populations and, attempting to find out the genetic flow of Brazilian populations of horn fly, the RAPD technique, which is suited for this purpose, has been used. The use of molecular markers generated from RAPD made it possible to identify the geographic origin of samples from different Brazilian geographic regions, as well as to estimate the genotypic flow among the different Brazilian populations of the horn fly.Dípteras hematófagos são importantes parasitas dentro de sistemas de produção de bovinos, especialmente em confinamento. Haematobia irritans, a mosca-dos-chifres, é uma das espécies que maiores problemas causa em sistemas de produção de bovinos, dado ao intenso estresse que impõe aos animais. Um importante aspecto quando se estuda a variabilidade genética dentro das espécies é o estudo da estrutura geográfica destas populações. Buscando-se estimar a similaridade genotípica das diferentes populações brasileiras da mosca do chifre utilizou-se a técnica do DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso (RAPD-PCR, que mostrou-se eficiente para tal propósito. A utilização dos marcadores moleculares gerados através da técnica de RAPD-PCR tornou possível a identificação da origem geográfica das amostras das diferentes regiões geográficas brasileiras, assim como, estimar o fluxo genotípico entre as diferentes populações brasileiras da mosca-dos-chifres.

  1. The reproducibility of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    RAPD) profiles of Streptococcus thermophilus strains by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Several factors can cause the amplification of false and non reproducible bands in the RAPD profiles. We tested three primers, OPI-02 MOD, ...

  2. Estimativa da similaridade genética e identificação de cultivares do morangueiro por análise de RAPD Estimate of the genetic similarity and identification of strawberry cultivars by RAPD analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Henrique Conti

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Caracteres moleculares do morango foram avaliados para conhecer cultivares que estão sendo introduzidas no Brasil. Utilizou-se o método do polimorfismo de DNA amplificado ao acaso (RAPD. Os caracteres moleculares com maior poder de discriminação foram os "marcadores" gerados pelos "primers" Operon B8, Operon B19 e Operon G5, que foram eficientes para discriminar as vinte e seis cultivares estudadas. Os dados foram interpretados com o auxílio de dendograma, mapa de bandas, quadro de identificação e chave dicotômica. Foi possível distinguir seis grupos de similaridade, dois deles com cultivares selecionadas no Brasil, sendo um com 'Campinas', 'Agf 80', 'Piedade', 'Jundiaí' e 'Monte Alegre' e o outro com 'Obaira' e 'Mantiqueira'; três grupos com cultivares introduzidas, sendo o primeiro com 'Lassen', 'Reiko', 'Chandler', 'Pajaro', 'Blackmore' e 'Seascape', o segundo com 'Fern' e 'Oso Grande' e o terceiro com 'Florida Belle' e 'Selva' O último grupo reuniu as cultivares 'Dover' e 'Dabreak' junto com 'Princesa Isabel'.Strawberry cultivars introduced in Brazil were identified through molecular study. The method of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD was used. Molecular characters with larger discrimination power were produced by the primers Operon B8, Operon B19 and Operon G5. These were efficient to discriminate the twenty six studied cultivars. Data were analised through dendogram, bandmap, picture and dicotomic key. Six similarity groups were distinguished: Two with cultivars selected in Brazil, one with 'Campinas', 'Agf 80', 'Piedade', 'Jundiaí' and 'Monte Alegre' and the other with 'Obaira' and 'Mantiqueira'; three with introduced cultivars the first of which 'Lassen', 'Reiko', 'Chandler', 'Pajaro', 'Blackmore' and 'Seascape', the second with 'Fern' and 'Oso Grande' and the third with 'Florida Belle' and 'Selva'. The last group united the cultivars 'Dover' and 'Dabreak' with 'Princesa Isabel'.

  3. The reproducibility of RAPD profiles: Effects of PCR components on RAPD analysis of four centaurium species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Skorić Marijana

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD analysis is a simple and reliable method used to detect DNA polymorphism. Several factors can affect the amplification profiles, thereby causing false bands and non-reproducibility of the assay. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different concentrations of primer, magnesium chloride, template DNA and Taq DNA polymerase to develop and standardize a RAPD protocol for Centaurium species. The optimized PCR reaction mixture included: 50 ng of DNA extracted using a CTbased protocol, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 7.5 pmol primer and 2 U of Taq polymerase in a final volume of 25 μl. Each of the five primers used in experiments (OPB11, OPB15, OPB18, OPF05 and OPH02 generated reproducible and distinguishable fingerprinting patterns of four Centaurium species. The obtained optimized RAPD protocol and the selected primers are useful for our further work in the genetic diversity studies of Centaurium species.

  4. FUNCIONES DEL MARCADOR DISCURSIVO PUES EN EL HABLA DE MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA FUNCTIONS OF THE DISCOURSE MARKER PUES IN THE SPEECH OF MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA

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    Róbinson Grajales Alzate

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available En la actualidad las investigaciones sobre los marcadores discursivos se centran, más que en su clasificación, en la descripción de marcadores en particular o grupos de ellos. En este trabajo se define para cada una de las funciones del marcador discursivo pues su significado semántico-pragmático y su frecuencia de aparición. Para esta descripción se tomaron como base otras investigaciones sobre este marcador con el fin establecer las funciones que se han encontrado en la literatura especializada y usarlas como referencia para el análisis. La muestra de las ocurrencias del marcador discursivo pues se tomó del corpus PRESEEA-Medellín. Se encontraron siete funciones para este marcador en dicha comunidad de habla, de las cuales una no estaba registrada en la literatura revisada, lo cual contribuye a ampliar la descripción de este marcador en el español general y abre nuevas posibilidades para continuar la investigación del uso del marcador discursivo pues.Current research on discourse markers centers on the description of particular markers or groups of markers, rather than on their classification. This article defines the semantic-pragmatic meaning and the frequency of occurrence for each one of the functions of the discourse marker pues. This description took into account other research on this marker in order to establish the functions found in the specialized literature and to use them as reference for the analysis. The occurrence sample of the discourse marker pues was taken from the PRESEEA-Medellín corpus. Seven functions were found for this marker in that speech community, of which one was not registered in the reviewed literature. Thus, the article contributes to the expansion of the description of this marker in Spanish in general and opens up new possibilities for further research on the use of the discourse marker pues.

  5. Caracterización de la diversidad genética en el pez Brycon henni (Characiformes: Characidae en Colombia central por medio de marcadores RAPD

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    Hermes Pineda Santis

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available El conocimiento sobre la diversidad genética de especies nativas de peces, es esencial para la conservación y manejo apropiado de animales en los programas de repoblación. Brycon henni ha sido reportada en las cuencas de los ríos Magdalena y Cauca; actualmente, la especie ha disminuido su número de animales y reducido su distribución geográfica como consecuencia de los efectos antrópicos. Por lo tanto, es necesario conocer el componente genético de los reducidos grupos de animales en los riachuelos, para iniciar algunos programas de repoblación. En este estudio el Polimorfismo de ADN Amplificado al Azar (RAPD, fue utilizado para estimar el componente genético actual en esta especie. Para este propósito; se evaluaron seis sitios de muestreo localizados en el departamento de Antioquia, cordillera Central de Colombia. De cuarenta iniciadores utilizados, treinta y cinco de ellos (87.5 % produjeron 1 466 fragmentos reproducibles y consistentes; 417 fueron considerados como fragmentos únicos, que permitieron discriminar entre las muestras de las cuencas de los ríos Magdalena (Humarada-1 y Humarada-2 y Cauca (Piedras, La Clara y Guaracú, sugiriendo que cada una es una unidad discreta. Esta diversidad en los resultados, según el sitio de muestreo y por las características de cada uno de ellos, posiblemente sugiere, que los efectos antrópicos como presión por pesca, construcción de embalses, deforestación y contaminación del agua, han contribuido al aislamiento de estos grupos de peces en las zonas de alta montaña. Brycon moorei y Colossoma macropomum, como grupos de control inter especifico, se ubicaron fuera del grupo general de B. henni, confirmando su clasificación taxonómica mediante datos morfológicos. La técnica de RAPD fue útil para conocer la diversidad genética y discriminar entre poblaciones de B. henni de diferente origen geográfico, ello permitiría realizar un plan apropiado de conservación y manejo en medio

  6. Genetic structure of populations of Mugil cephalus using RAPD ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dr.Suresh

    2013-10-30

    , Andhra Pradesh and. Tamil Nadu in India was studied using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Five selective primers provided distinct and consistent RAPD profiles in all the four populations. The bands.

  7. Los marcadores de reformulación alemanes: entre la conexión y la argumentación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferran Robles Sabater

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Reformulation markers (das heißt, und zwar, beziehungsweise, nämlich are discourse units that fulfil extrapredicative functions related to text coherence and cohesion, as well as to the guiding of the inferences which facilitate the construction of sentence meaning in view of a given communicative context. Contemporary German grammars have dealt with these units in a very partial way and have not attempted to find similarities in their meaning and discursive behaviour that allow us to define reformulation markers as a pragmatic (and not a lexical category. Our research intends to show that the comprehensive representation of a marker must comprise the identification of the metalinguistic operations that it is able to carry out and of the different kinds of relations (connexion, coherence, cohesion, rhetorical and stylistic effects, etc. that its use elicits. For this purpose, we have analysed a corpus of samples from the reference corpus of written German IDS-Korpora, which provides sufficient and representative evidence on the different values that a specific marker can acquire in a text. The resulting data of this study confirm that connectivity is just one of the defining features of markers and that the actual reason for their appearance in text is to be found in the desire of a speaker to direct cooperatively the interpretation of discourse. Our study, which focuses on the prototypical reformulation marker das heißt, leads us to conclude that the thorough description of a reformulation marker must pay attention to all dimensions of discourse and, besides, render information about the grammatical properties of the marker if it seeks to become a useful reference tool for the discursive education of learners of German as an L1 or L2.Los marcadores de reformulación (das heißt,und zwar, beziehungsweise, nämlich son unidades del discurso que cumplen funciones a nivel extraoracional relacionadas con la coherencia y la cohesión textual, as

  8. Determinación riesgo ocupacional en población laboral con trabajo en altura por medición sérica de marcadores

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    Sonja Liliana Lozano Socarras

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Title: Occupational hazard determination workforce with work at heightby measuring serum markers.ResumenA la luz de la nueva legislación en prevención de riesgos profesionales, se propone el diseño e implementación de sistemas integrales de vigilancia epidemiológica ocupacional como herramienta estratégica, porque permite conocer el comportamiento de los diferentes eventos relacionados con el proceso salud - enfermedad, posibilitando el diseño e implementación de acciones que intervengan el proceso causal y el monitoreo profesional en las personas expuestas a un determinado factor de riesgo. El objetivo fue determinar el riesgo ocupacional en una población laboral que realiza trabajo en altura, por medio de la medición sérica de marcadores biológicos de riesgo cardiovascular. En el año 2009 se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo utilizando la base de datos de la IPS Prevenir Uno A, con un tamaño de muestra de 93 pacientes. Las variables fueron sexo, edad, y variables antropométricas de peso y talla con las cuales se calculó el IMC, colesterol total - LDL, HDL triglicéridos, y glucemia, dando como resultado el promedio del nivel de glucemia de 90,19 (83.8% mg/dl, de colesterol total 199.1 mg/dl. Col.LDL 112.6mg/dl, Col HDL 52.2mg/dl (48.5% y triglicéridos de 153.6mg/dl. Los niveles de marcadores biológicos de riesgo cardiovascular en esta población laboral que realiza trabajo en altura no representan un factor de riesgo ocupacional. (DUAZARY 2012 No. 1, 23 - 32AbstractIn the light of the new legislation on prevention of occupational risks is proposed the design and implementation of comprehensive systems of occupational epidemiological surveillance as a strategic tool, because it allows to know the behavior of the different events related to the process health-disease, allowing the design and implementation of actions involving the causal process and monitoring professional in persons exposed to a particular risk factor

  9. Guía de marcadores sociales, setiembre 2012

    OpenAIRE

    Gené Pujols, Esteve

    2012-01-01

    Los marcadores sociales son una forma sencilla y popular de almacenar, clasificar y compartir enlaces web. Aquí se explican en detalle: Delicious, Mister Wong y Diigo. Els marcadors socials són una forma senzilla i popular d'emmagatzemar, classificar i compartir enllaços web. Aquí s'expliquen en detall: Delicious, Mister Wong i Diigo. Social bookmarking is an easy and popular way to store, sort and share web links. Here are explained in detail: Delicious, Mister Wong and Diigo.

  10. Separation of the genera in the subtribe Cassiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioidae using molecular markers Separação dos gêneros na subtribo Cassiinae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioidae utilizando marcadores moleculares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laxmikanta Acharya

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD, Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR and Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP markers were used to verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato into three distinct genera namely Chamaecrista Moench., Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. sensostricto Eighteen representatives of the three taxa were characterized using the molecular markers. 25 RAPD, six ISSR primers and six AFLP primer combinations resulted in the amplification of 612, 115 and 622 bands (loci respectively. Most of the loci are found to be polymorphic, showing high degrees of genetic diversity among the different taxa studied. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD, ISSR and AFLP data using SHAN clustering, divided Cassia L. senso lato. into three different clusters as Chamaecrista Moench. Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. senso stricto High bootstrap value revealed that all the clusters were stable and robust. It was observed from the present investigation that these genera have their identity at molecular level, which supports the elevation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato to the level of subtribe Cassiinae and segregation into three distinct genera instead of intrageneric categories.Técnicas de Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD, Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR e Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism markers (AFLP foram utilizadas para verificar a segregação do gênero Cassia L. senso lato em três diferentes gêneros, Chamaecrista Moench., Senna P. Mill. e Cassia L. senso stricto Dezoito representantes dos três táxons foram caracterizados com o uso de marcadores moleculares: 25 RAPD, seis iniciadores ("primers" ISSR e seis AFLP combinações de iniciadores, resultando na amplificação de 612, 115 e 622 bandas (loci, respectivamente. A maioria dos loci apresentou-se como polimórfico, mostrando um alto grau de diversidade genética entre os táxons estudados. O dendrograma construído com base nos dados de

  11. La medición de la nicotina como marcador aéreo del humo ambiental de tabaco Nicotine measurement as an airborne marker of environmental tobacco smoke

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Nebot

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Numerosos estudios científicos han demostrado la asociación del humo ambiental de tabaco (HAT con múltiples riesgos para la salud. Sin embargo, la medición de la exposición a este humo ha sido poco precisa hasta hace pocos años. En este artículo se revisan diversos estudios que han utilizado la nicotina como marcador aéreo del HAT. Métodos: Se revisan los diferentes métodos utilizados en la medición de la exposición al HAT, con especial énfasis en el uso de la nicotina como marcador aéreo de su presencia, comparando sus características con las de los demás marcadores y analizando los resultados encontrados en diferentes estudios en los que se ha medido la concentración de nicotina en muestras de aire en espacios públicos y en el medio laboral. Resultados: La nicotina reúne las características deseables de los marcadores del HAT, y los resultados de diversos estudios en los que se ha utilizado muestran un amplio rango de valores. Así, en cafeterías y restaurantes la concentración de nicotina oscila entre 0,52 y 47,86 μg/m³, mientras que en los lugares de trabajo sin restricciones relativas al tabaco, las concentraciones varían entre 3,4 y 14 μg/m³, y en aquellos con prohibición total de fumar, la concentración oscila entre 0,09 y 0,7 μg/m³. Los lugares de ocio nocturno son los lugares donde las concentraciones son más elevadas, llegando a alcanzar valores que superan los 65 μg/m³. Discusión: El uso de la nicotina como marcador aéreo permite medir de manera objetiva la exposición al HAT. Los valores obtenidos en los estudios que utilizan este marcador muestran que en los lugares con restricciones o prohibiciones relativas al consumo de tabaco la exposición al HAT es mucho menor que en los en los que no hay ningún tipo de regulación.Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS and different types of health risk. Despite this evidence

  12. Efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers for genotype fingerprinting and genetic diversity studies in canola ( ) ... The number of amplified fragments with RAPD primers ranged from 8 to 21, with the size of amplicons ranging from 162 to 3154 bp.

  13. Relationship of status of polymorphic rapd bands with genotypic ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Relationship of status of polymorphic rapd bands with genotypic adaptation in early finger millet genotypes. S Das, RC Misra, GR Rout, MC Pattanaik, S Aparajita. Abstract. Molecular characterisation of the 15 early duration finger millet (Eleusine coracana G) genotypes was done through RAPD markers. Twenty-five ...

  14. Análisis comparativo de marcadores de lesión en modelos de isquemia cerebral focal y global en ratas

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    Ángel Enrique Céspedes

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Los indicadores espacio-temporales de lesión son esenciales en el estudio neuropatológico y terapéutico de la isquemia cerebral. Objetivo. Optimizar la técnica de dos modelos de isquemia cerebral (focal y global y hacer un análisis comparativo de la progresión del daño cerebral, mediante marcadores de neurodegeneración. Materiales y métodos. Se sometieron ratas Wistar a oclusión temporal de la arteria cerebral media o aoclusión de cuatro vasos, y se evaluaron comparativamente el tiempo quirúrgico, la tasa de supervivenciay la recuperación neurológica. Se utilizó trifenilo de tetrazolio para establecer la distribución del infarto y tinción con Fluoro-Jade B® como marcador de neurodegeneración. La inmunorreacción de la astroglía  se evaluó con el anticuerpo contra la proteína acídica fibrilar de la glía (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein,GFAP y el anticuerpo AT-8 contra la proteína tau hiperfosforilada, 24, 48 y 72 horas después de la isquemia. Resultados. Los modelos de isquemia utilizados requirieron menor tiempo quirúrgico y hubo menorriesgo de muerte, respecto a estudios previos. En el modelo focal, las células positivas con Fluoro-Jade B® y los astrocitos reactivos, se evidenciaron en corteza e hipocampo a las 24 horas después de la isquemia. En el modelo global, se observó tinción Fluoro-Jade B® positiva a las 24 horas, aumentando significativamente la reacción de la GFAP a las 72 horas en corteza y a las 48 horas en el hipocampo. La reacción contra la proteína tau hiperfosforilada aumentó progresivamente y fue máxima a las 72horas en ambos modelos. Conclusiones. Los dos modelos de isquemia cerebral, oclusión temporal de la arteria cerebral media y oclusión de cuatro vasos, fueron optimizados. En estos modelos, los marcadores la tinción Fluoro-Jade B® y la GFAP permitieron detectar procesos de neurodegeneración 24 horas después de la isquemia, en tanto el marcador de proteína tau

  15. Caracterização da diversidade genética entre acessos crioulos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L. coletados em Santa Catarina por marcadores RAPD Characterization of the genetic diversity of landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. collected in Santa Catarina State by RAPD markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcio Fonseca de Carvalho

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available O conhecimento da diversidade genética, por meio da dissimilaridade entre os genótipos, permite a organização, a amostragem e a utilização eficiente do germoplasma em programas de melhoramento genético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a dissimilaridade entre acessos crioulos de feijão coletados no Estado de Santa Catarina, integrantes do banco ativo de germoplasma de feijão da UDESC e de três cultivares comerciais ("Pérola", "SCS 202-Guará" e "BRS Valente", por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD. Foram utilizados 21 iniciadores decâmeros que permitiram a visualização de 96 bandas, sendo que 41 (42,7% apresentaram polimorfismo entre os acessos estudados, resultando em bandas entre 650 e 2000pb. A dissimilaridade foi calculada utilizando-se o coeficiente de Sorensen-Dice e o agrupamento foi realizado pelo método UPGMA. Os acessos foram separados em dois grupos principais, com dissimilaridade relativamente alta, quando comparada com a dissimilaridade observada dentro de cada grupo. Os dois grupos formados indicam os centros de domesticação, Mesoamericano ou Andino, dos acessos analisados. A dissimilaridade entre as cultivares avaliadas ("SCS 202-Guará", "BRS Valente" e "Pérola" é baixa (0,15, se comparada com a dissimilaridade entre os demais acessos do banco de germoplasma (0,65. A menor dissimilaridade entre os acessos estudados (BAF63 e BAF04 foi de 0,02. A inexistência de acessos repetidos reforça a necessidade de novas coletas de germoplasma, o que resultará em um banco de germoplasma de feijão mais representativo da variabilidade genética remanescente em Santa Catarina.The knowledge of the genetic diversity through the divergence among the genotypes allows the organization of the germplasm, sampling and efficient utilization in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to analyze the dissimilarity among germplasm collected in Santa Catarina State, stored in UDESC germplasm active bank of common bean

  16. DNA Sequences of RAPD Fragments in the Egyptian cotton ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) is a DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments with single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence. Despite the fact that the RAPD technique has become a very powerful tool and has found use in numerous applications, yet, the nature of ...

  17. Comparative results of RAPD and ISSR markers for genetic diversity ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    PRECIOUS

    the mean level of genetic similarity with populations of M. baccifera by using RAPD .... The statistical data for 9 RAPD and 17 ISSR primers used for analyzing 12 accessions of M. .... (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System, Bio-.

  18. Método Taguchi para optimizar marcadores RAPD-PCR y determinar diversidad genética: un modelo, la tortuga cabezona Caretta caretta (Testudines: Cheloniidae

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    Julio Martínez-Ortega

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Implementation of Taguchi method to optimize RAPD-PCR Markers for determining the genetic diversity: an example the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta (Testudines:Cheloniidae. DNA was isolated from Caretta caretta two zone of the Colombian Caribbean (Don Diego N=5 and Rosario Islands N=3 and quantified it. Was applied a Taguchi orthogonal matriz of four variables to standardize RAPD-PCR reaction. The data were analyzed with the program PopGen. The conditions were standardized to 7.85 ng/ml of DNA, 3.5 mM MgCl2, 200 mM dNTP's, 0.5 mM oligonucleotide and one unit of Taq DNA polymerase in a final reaction volume of 20 ml. Thermocycling conditions initiated at 94°C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of: 94°C for 40 s, 37°C for 40 s and 72°C for 90 s. The markers were recorded in a binary matrix of presence (1 and absence (0, and as a model example of genetic diversity was determined using the Shannon index (H '= 0.44 + / -0.27 individuals and Don Diego H '= 0.25 + / -0.32 for Isla del Rosario, the average rate of genetic structure (Gst=0.27 and the effective migration rate (Nm=1.28. Methodology was standardized using Taguchi method that produces bands of light, legible and reproducible that can be used as a reliable alternative for studies of genetic diversity in the loggerhead turtle and other species, and further, integrate them into the curriculum of molecular biology and/or biochemistry for undergraduate and graduate students.

  19. Prevalencia de los marcadores serológicos de hepatitis viral B y C en retardados mentales

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    Georgina Ma. Suárez Mendoza

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron 200 pacientes retrasados mentales del Hospital "La Castellana", a los cuales se les determinaron los marcadores serológicos: antígeno de superficie para el virus de la hepatitis B y anticuerpo para el virus de la hepatitis C, donde se encontró una seroprevalencia para el VHB de un 5 % y de un 17 % para el VHC; se comprueba que los pacientes con un régimen interno, con mayor tiempo de institucionalización y con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles son más susceptibles a adquirir estos virusSUMMARY: 200 mentally retarded patients from «La Castellana» Hospital were studied. The following serological markers were determined: hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody. A seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C of 5 % and 17 %, respectively, was found. It was proved that interned patients with longer length of institutionalization and with non-communicable chronic diseases are more susceptible to get these viruses

  20. In Vitro propagation of enterolobium cyclocarpum (guanacaste from nodal explants of axenic seedlings

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    Araceli Rodríguez Sahagún

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq. Griseb. es un árbol leguminoso de uso múltiple, el cual es considerado una especie amenazada, resultado de la sobreexplotación y las bajas tasas de propagación natural debidas a las características intrínsecas del árbol. Una alternativa para superar este problema es el establecimiento de sistemas para su propagación masiva en tiempos cortos. En este trabajo, se investigó un protocolo para la propagación in vitro de E. cyclocarpum utilizando los segmentos nodales axénicos obtenidos de plántulas germinadas in vitro. Las semillas colectadas en dos comunidades mexicanas fueron germinadas tanto ex vitro como in vitro, y se evaluó el efecto de un pre-tratamiento de escarificación térmica. Para los experimentos de propagación se seleccionaron semillas provenientes de sólo una de las comunidades, debido a que presentaban una menor variabilidad genética de acuerdo con marcadores RAPD y a que existía una gran variación en las respuestas observadas en lotes de semillas mezclados. Esta variación fisiológica presente en semillas mezcladas, probablemente refleja un efecto del genotipo.Los segmentos nodales obtenidos de las plántulas fueron cultivados en medio basal MS suplementado con 30 g/L de sacarosa en presencia de distintas concentraciones de ácido 1-naftalenacético (ANA en combinación con benziladenina (BA o kinetina (KIN. La mayor tasa de multiplicación (de 4.75 brotes por explante en promedio se obtuvo cuando el medio MS fue suplementado con 2.2 µM BA y 10.7 µM ANA. Los brotes obtenidos fueron enraizados en medio MS con la mitad de concentración de sales y sin reguladores de crecimiento. Las plántulas micropropagadas fueron aclimatadas y transferidas exitosamente a suelo con una tasa de sobrevivencia del 90%. Estas plantas eran morfológicamente similares a la planta madre y no se detectó variación entre ellas por el uso de marcadores RAPD, lo cual hace posible el uso de este

  1. Caracterização molecular e variabilidade genética de acessos elite de mandioca para fins industriais Molecular characterization and genetic variability of elite cassava accessions for industrial purpose

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Alano Vieira

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Marcadores moleculares são ferramentas úteis na caracterização molecular de acessos de mandioca, em razão de apresentarem elevada capacidade de detecção das informações contidas no genoma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, por meio de marcadores RAPD, 20 acessos de mandioca para fins industriais conservados no Banco Regional de Germoplasma de Mandioca do Cerrado (BGMC. Em laboratório, os acessos foram avaliados por meio de marcadores RAPD, sendo posteriormente estimada a matriz de similaridade genética entre os acessos, por meio do índice de Jaccard. A análise, feita através de 11 iniciadores, gerou um total de 120 marcadores RAPD, dos quais 74 (62% foram polimórficos, revelando a presença de elevada variabilidade genética no grupo de acessos avaliados. A análise de agrupamento revelou a formação de apenas um agrupamento forte, formado pelos acessos BGMC 1130, BGMC 788, BGMC 1270 e BGMC 1107, o que indica que, no melhoramento genético de mandioca, não devem ser priorizadas hibridações entre esses acessos, sob pena de efeitos de endogamia. Por sua vez, o acesso BGMC 436 foi o mais divergente em relação aos demais e, como expressa elevado potencial produtivo na região do Cerrado do Brasil Central, representa boa opção como genitor para o melhoramento de mandioca para essa região. O estudo comprovou que os marcadores RAPD são eficientes na determinação da variabilidade genética dos acessos avaliados e que neste grupo existe elevada variabilidade genética passível de ser utilizada no melhoramento genético.Molecular markers are useful tools for the molecular characterization of cassava accessions since they present high capacity to detect information within the genome. The aim of this research was to characterize through RAPD molecular markers, 20 industrial cassava accessions conserved in the Cerrado Cassava Regional Germoplasm Bank ("Banco Regional de Germoplasma de Mandioca do Cerrado"-BGMC. Upon

  2. Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated genotypes of pigeonpea through RAPD and SSR markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walunjkar, Babasaheb C; Parihar, Akarsh; Singh, Nirbhay Kumar; Parmar, L D

    2015-03-01

    Eight wild and four cultivated pigeonpea genotypes were subjected to RAPD and microsatellite analysis, with 40 primers each. Out of these, eight RAPD and five SSR primers were found polymorphic. RAPD primers showed 100% polymorphism and produced a total of 517 DNA fragments, whereas SSR primers produced 67 fragments and they too showed 100% polymorphism. The RAPD markers revealed highest similarity co-efficient of 0.93 (GT-100 and ICPL-87), whereas the highest similarity co-efficient obtained with SSR markers was 1.00 (GTH-1 and GT-100). Average PIC value obtained with RAPD and SSR were 0.90 and 0.18, respectively. The arithmetic mean heterozygosity and marker index were 0.90 and 22.47 respectively with RAPD marker, whereas the corresponding values for SSR markers were 0.18 and 33.66. Moreover; the four wild genotypes (Cajanus scarabaeoides, Rhyncosia rufescence, Cajanus cajanifolius and Rhyncosia canna) and the four cultivars (GTH-1, GT-100, ICPL-87 and GT-1) grouped distinctly in the same subgroups of the dendrograms obtained with both RAPD and SSR analysis. Therefore, the findings of SSR supplement and validate the results obtained with RAPD analysis.

  3. RAPD and ISSR Methods Used for Fingerprinting of Selected Accessions of Viburnum

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    Marcelina KRUPA-MAŁKIEWICZ

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR markers were used to investigate genetic variability within thirteen Viburnum species (Viburnum × hillieri; V. dilatatum; Viburnum × carlcephalum; V. opulus; V. hupehense; Viburnum× bodnantense; Viburnum × burkwoodii; V. sieboldii; Viburnum × globosum ‘Jermyns Globe’; V. alnifolium (lantanoides; V. plicatum ‘Sterile’; V. plicatum f. tomentosum and V. plicatum ‘Watanabe’ of wide geographical distribution, collected in the Dendrological Garden in Przelewice (the north-west part of Poland. Twenty-three RAPD and fourteen ISSR primers generated a total of 690 and 418 reproducible bands, respectively, and 39% (RAPD and 55.5% (ISSR of them were polymorphic for the two marker systems, which suggest high genetic variability within Viburnum genus. However, high numbers of genotype-specific bands, i.e. 60.9% (RAPD and 44.5% (ISSR, were seen in Viburnum. Genetic similarity assessed within Viburnum species with the RAPD and ISSR analyses ranged from 6 to 42% and from 6 to 31%, respectively. Both RAPD and ISSR-based dendrograms clustered in five main groups. The Mantel test between two Nei’s similarity matrices gave correlation coefficient r=0.305*, showing low correlation between RAPD- and ISSR- based matrices. Thus, both marker systems were equally important for the genetic diversity analysis in Viburnum genus.

  4. Marcadores de inmunorrespuesta en la periodontitis juvenil

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    Amparo Pérez Borrego,

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available La periodontitis juvenil es una enfermedad del periodonto propia de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, afecta principalmente los primeros molares y los incisivos y se caracteriza por la pérdida severa del hueso alveolar alrededor de dientes permanentes sin correspondencia entre la rapidez y severidad de la destrucción con los factores locales. En la causa de la enfermedad se citan factores genéticos, infecciosos e inmunológicos. Estudiamos algunos marcadores de inmunorrespuesta en 6 adolescentes que acudieron a nuestro servicio con el diagnóstico de periodontitis juvenil, además de su valoración clínica y radiológica. Ambos sexos se afectaron por igual, la movilidad dentaria y el sangramiento al sondeo fueron los hallazgos clínicos más relevantes y el índice de higiene bucal fue adecuado en todos los casos. No encontramos homogeneidad en las alteraciones inmunológicas, pero todos los pacientes estuvieron afectados en más de un marcador. Predominaron las alteraciones funcionales de linfocitos T en los estudios celulares. La hipogammaglobulinemia y la IgM elevada fueron las alteraciones más frecuentes en la inmunidad de anticuerpos. Se señala la dificultad que aún existe para explicar la patogenia de la enfermedad basándose solamente en un único factor de riesgo, así como la importancia de la valoración individual de cada enfermo.Juvenile periodontitis is a disease of the periodontium inherent to adolescents and young adults, affecting mainly the first molars and incisives and characterized by the severe loss of the alveolar bone sorrounding the permanent teeth with no correspondance between the celerity and severity of the destruction and the local factors. Genetic, infectious and immunological factors are considereed as the causes of the disease. Some immunoresponse markers were studied in 6 adolescents that were seen at our service with the diagnosis of juvenile periodontitis in addition to their clinical and radiological

  5. Limitations of the RAPD technique in phylogeny reconstruction in Drosophila

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van de Zande, Louis; Bijlsma, R.

    In this study the limitations of the RAPD technique for phylogenetic analysis of very closely related and less related species of Drosophila are examined. In addition, assumptions of positional homology of amplified fragments in different species are examined by cross-hybridization of RAPD

  6. [Effect of BSA on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in plants].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bian, Cai-Miao; Li, Jun-Min; Jin, Ze-Xin; Ge, Ming-Ju

    2002-05-01

    Using Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Heptacodium miconioides DNA as templates,the effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on RAPD in plants was studied. The results showed that suitable concentrations of BSA used in Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Heptacodium miconioides RAPD were different, which were 0.6 microg/microl and 1 microg/microl, respectively. The inhibition of acetylated BSA on the amplification of plant RAPD could be relieved by BSA. BSA could reduce the dosage of Taq DNA polymerase.

  7. Isozyme and RAPD studies in Prosopis glandulosa and P. Velutina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bessega Cecilia

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Allozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD techniques have been compared for their usefulness for genetic and taxonomic studies in Prosopis glandulosa and P. velutina populations. Isozymes and RAPDs yielded similarly high estimates of genetic variability. Genetic structure and differentiation were analyzed through non-hierarchical Wright's F DT. For all populations considered, both markers produced low gene flow (Nm 1, in agreement with that expected for conspecific populations. However, in RAPD data the expected reduction in F DT and the increase in Nm were not observed. Correlation between F DT and geographical distance matrices (Mantel test for all populations was significant (P = 0.02 when based on isozymes, but not so (P = 0.33 when based on RAPDs. No significant associations among genetic and geographical or climatic variables were observed. Two isoenzyme systems (GOT and PRX enabled us to distinguish between P. glandulosa and P. velutina, but no diagnostic band for recognition of populations or species studied here were detected by RAPD. However, RAPD markers showed higher values for genetic differentiation among conspecific populations of P. glandulosa and a lower coefficient of variation than those obtained from isozymes.

  8. Análisis de la biodiversidad genética del algodón peruano usando marcadores moleculares: Avances en el 2004

    OpenAIRE

    Olórtegui, José; Espinoza, Marco; Espinoza, José; Montoya, Ysabel

    2005-01-01

    Tres mini preparaciones de extracción de ADN de algodón fueron comparadas en términos de calidad y rendimiento. El método de extracción de ADN usando CTAB fue el más eficiente (30 ug) en comparación con un kit comercial de extracción (20 ug) a partir de 100 mg de hojas cotiledonarias. La óptima calidad del ADN fue evaluada con las enzimas de restricción EcoRI y MseI. El ADN preparado será usado para iniciar el análisis de la biodiversidad genética del algodón peruano, usando marcadores mole...

  9. Genetic Variability of the Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta Meirick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae, in Tunisia, Inferred from RAPD-PCR Variabilidad Genética del Minador de Hojas de Tomate (Tuta absoluta Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae en Túnez desde RAPD-PCR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asma Bettaibi

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick has invaded tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. crop in Tunisia since 2008 and is representing today a major threat to the production of this crop. In this study, we used the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR technology to assess the genetic variability within and among seven populations of T. absoluta, collected on tomato from different regions in Tunisia. Using five RAPD-PCR primers and 108 individuals, 140 polymorphic fragments were recorded. From 335 different RAPD phenotypes generated, 71 were redundant and 264 unique to a specific population. The genetic structure of T. absoluta was investigated using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, genetic distances (Fst and multidimensional scaling (MDS. We detected a high genetic diversity within and among populations in conjunction with a significant differentiation between populations, suggesting that different founder genotypes would have been responsible of the introduction of T. absoluta in Tunisia. The presence of overlapping phenotypes probably indicates migration events between populations, mainly through infested plant material carried by humans.El minador de hojas de tomate Tuta absoluta Meyrick ha invadido el cultivo del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. en Túnez desde 2008 y actualmente representa una importante amenaza para su producción. En este estudio usamos la tecnología de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar-reacción de cadena polimerasa (RAPD-PCR para evaluar la variabilidad genética dentro y entre siete poblaciones de T. absoluta, colectadas desde tomate en diferentes regiones de Túnez. Usando cinco primers RAPD-PCR y 108 individuos, se registraron 140 fragmentos polimórficos. Se generaron 335 fenotipos RAPD diferentes, entre los cuales 71 fueron redundantes y 264 únicos para una población específica. La estructura genética de T. absoluta se investigó usando análisis de varianza molecular

  10. Entendendo o papel de marcadores biológicos no câncer de pulmão

    OpenAIRE

    CAPELOZZI VERA LUIZA

    2001-01-01

    Marcadores biológicos são componentes celulares, estruturais e bioquímicos, que podem definir alterações celulares e moleculares tanto em células normais quanto aquelas associadas a transformação maligna. Podem ser de dois tipos: 1) marcadores intermediários, que medem alterações celulares e moleculares antes do aparecimento da malignidade; 2) marcadores diagnósticos, presentes em associação com a malignidade. O processo de identificação e validação para uso clínico do marcador tem diversas e...

  11. Estudio de la maduración de los ritmos circadianos de temperatura y movimiento en prematuros como marcadores precoces del desarrollo neurológico

    OpenAIRE

    Fuentes Hernández, Silvia

    2017-01-01

    Objetivos: El objetivo principal es analizar los parámetros identificadores de los ritmos de temperatura y actividad en niños prematuros de 30-34 semanas y niños nacidos a término y compararlos con los resultados obtenidos mediante test psico-motores y de comportamiento a 6, 12 y 18 meses de vida, para su validación como marcadores del desarrollo neurológico en niños. Metodología: Se reclutaron 24 niños prematuros con una edad gestacional comprendida entre las 30 y 34 semanas y 37 niños recié...

  12. Comparative assessment of genetic diversity in Sesamum indicum L. using RAPD and SSR markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dar, Aejaz Ahmad; Mudigunda, Sushma; Mittal, Pramod Kumar; Arumugam, Neelakantan

    2017-05-01

    Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient oilseed crop known for its nutty seeds and high-quality edible oil. It is an unexplored crop with a great economic potential. The present study deals with assessment of genetic diversity in the crop. Twenty two RAPD and 18 SSR primers were used for analysis of the 47 different sesame accessions grown in different agroclimatic zones of India. A total of 256 bands were obtained with RAPD primers, of which 191 were polymorphic. SSR primers gave 64 DNA bands, of which all of were polymorphic. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient of RAPD, SSR, and pooled RAPD and SSR data ranged from 0.510 to 0.885, 0.167 to 0.867, and 0.505 to 0.853, respectively. Maximum polymorphic information content was reported with SSRs (0.194) compared to RAPDs (0.186). Higher marker index was observed with RAPDs (1.426) than with SSRs (0.621). Similarly, maximum resolving power was found with RAPD (4.012) primers than with SSRs (0.884). The RAPD primer RPI-B11 and SSR primer S16 were the most informative in terms of describing genetic variability among the varieties under study. At a molecular level, the seed coat colour was distinguishable by the presence and absence of a group of marker amplicon/s. White and brown seeded varieties clustered close to each other, while black seeded varieties remained distanced from the cluster. In the present study, we found higher variability in Sesamum indicum L. using RAPD and SSR markers and these could assist in DNA finger printing, conservation of germplasm, and crop improvement.

  13. Genetic similarity among strawberry cultivars assessed by RAPD and ISSR markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Gustavo Ferreira Morales

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Most strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne cultivars used in Brazil are developed in other countries, it became clear the need to start the strawberry breeding program in the country. To start a breeding program is necessary the genetic characterization of the germplasm available. Molecular markers are important tools that can be used for this purpose. The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic similarity among 11 strawberry cultivars using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers and to indicate the possible promising crosses. The DNA of the eleven strawberry cultivars was extracted and amplified by PCR with RAPD and ISSR primers. The DNA fragments were separated in agarose gel for the RAPD markers and in polyacrylamide gel for the ISSR markers. The genetic similarity matrix was estimated by the Jaccard coefficient. Based on this matrix, the cultivars were grouped using the UPGMA method. The dendogram generated by the RAPD markers distributed the cultivars in three groups while the ISSR markers generated two groups. There was no direct relationship between the marker groups when the two types of markers were compared. The grouping proposed by the ISSR markers was more coherent with the origin and the genealogy of the cultivars than that proposed by the RAPD markers, and it can be considered the most efficient method for the study of genetic divergence in strawberry. The most promising crosses, based on the genetic divergence estimated from the RAPD and ISSR molecular data were between the Tudla and Ventana and the Oso Grande and Ventana cultivars, respectively.

  14. Marcadores periféricos e a fisiopatologia do transtorno bipolar

    OpenAIRE

    Pedro V. S. Magalhães; Gabriel R. Fries; Flávio Kapczinski

    2012-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: O entendimento da fisiopatologia do transtorno bipolar vem tendo avanços consistentes nos últimos anos. Um enfoque na relação entre carga alostática e alterações sistêmicas vem tomando corpo, com o objetivo de se entender a frequente progressão da doença. Proeminentes entre os mediadores periféricos têm sido as moléculas que poderiam ser amplamente agrupadas em neurotrofinas, marcadores de estresse oxidativo e marcadores inflamatórios. OBJETIVO: Descrever achados recentes em relaç...

  15. Identification of Glomerella cingulata f. sp phaseoli recombinants by RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Camargo, O A; Souza, E A; Mendes-Costa, M C; Santos, J B; Soares, M A

    2007-09-30

    We examined the capacity of strains of Glomerella cingulata f. sp phaseoli fungus (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum sexual stage) to form recombinants, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Crosses of all possible combinations between strains 40, 42, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 were made on Petri dishes using M3 culture medium. The 42 x 21 cross produced the largest number of perithecia and five asci; the respective ascospores were isolated. RAPD analysis was performed on the parents and descendants. The 62 polymorphic RAPD bands obtained were used to assess the genetic similarity using the method of Sorence and Dice and clustering analysis in the form of a dendrogram by the UPGMA method. The RAPD markers allowed identification of recombinants from the cross between strains 42 and 21 of G. cingulata f. sp phaseoli and 40 ascospores presented 63 and 49% genetic similarity with parents 2 (strain 42) and 1 (strain 21), respectively.

  16. [RAPD analysis of four species of Cuscuta in Shandong Province].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Huibin; Lin, Jianqun; Lin, Jianqiang

    2003-01-01

    To explore the genome difference of four species of Cuscuta in different hosts. RAPD was used by 50 primers. Four species of genus Cuscuta can be identified by 8 primers. Both Cuscuta chinensis and C. australis from Subg. Grammica had 3 bands whose molecular weights were 1.3 kb, 1.45 kb and 1.53 kb respectively. C. japonica and C. lupuliformis from Subg. Monogyna had a 1.48 kb specific band. Cuscuta of same subgenus had similar RAPD result and close genetic relationship. Same species of Cuscuta in different hosts showed DNA polymorphism. It indicated that hosts can affect genome of Cuscuta to some extent. RAPD can be used to identify the species of Cuscuta or same Cuscuta in different hosts.

  17. Genetic diversity of worldwide Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) germplasm as revealed by RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wangsomnuk, P P; Khampa, S; Wangsomnuk, P; Jogloy, S; Mornkham, T; Ruttawat, B; Patanothai, A; Fu, Y B

    2011-12-12

    Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a wild relative of the cultivated sunflower (H. annuus); it is an old tuber crop that has recently received renewed interest. We used RAPD markers to characterize 147 Jerusalem artichoke accessions from nine countries. Thirty RAPD primers were screened; 13 of them detected 357 reproducible RAPD bands, of which 337 were polymorphic. Various diversity analyses revealed several different patterns of RAPD variation. More than 93% of the RAPD variation was found within accessions of a country. Weak genetic differentiation was observed between wild and cultivated accessions. Six groups were detected in this germplasm set. Four ancestral groups were found for the Canadian germplasm. The most genetically distinct accessions were identified. These findings provide useful diversity information for understanding the Jerusalem artichoke gene pool, for conserving Jerusalem artichoke germplasm, and for choosing germplasm for genetic improvement.

  18. Potential rapd markers for population studies in tree legumes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gomez, S.M.; Ramasubramanian, T.; Mohankumar, S.

    2011-01-01

    RAPDs were quite efficient in bringing out the diversity at DNA level among non-edible legumes viz., Acacia nilotica, Adenanthera pavonina, Prosopis juliflora, Pithecolobium dulce, Clitoria ternatea and Pongamia pinnata. The RAPD primer index reveals the information content of the RAPD primer per se. Of the 82 primers tested, OPE 8, OPI 6, OPL 2, OPL 16, OPI 18, OPI 13, OPI 14, OPP 1, OPE 20 and OPI 4 with comparatively higher primer index were more informative and can be used for further DNA finger printing and population studies in tree legumes. CTAB protocol was found to be superior in isolating genomic DNA of good quality. The 260/280 ratios varied between 1.70 and 2.09. Though the genomic DNA isolated by potassium acetate method was found to be intact in 0.8% agarose gel, the yield was significantly lower than the modified CTAB method. (author)

  19. Biomarcadores en enfermedades relacionadas con el sistema nervioso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elso Manuel Cruz Cruz

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de biomarcadores, o marcadores biológicos para el diagnóstico y seguimiento al tratamiento de enfermedades, constituye referente frecuente en la literatura científica biomédica actual. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica empleando los recursos disponibles en la red Infomed, específicamente Ebsco, The Cochrane Librery, PubMed, Hinari y SciELO, a través de los cuales se accedieron a las bases de datos: MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, MedicLatina y Scopus. Se recopilaron varios artículos científicos, donde se hace referencia al empleo de biomarcadores en el diagnóstico de enfermedades relacionadas con el sistema nervioso. El factor de crecimiento endotelial, la inmunoglobulina G (IgG y el sistema arginina - óxido nítrico - citrulina, se refieren como indicadores prematuros de la hemorragia subaracnoidea. La disminución del amiloide beta y el aumento de las concentraciones de proteína tau en el líquido cefalorraquídeo, se cuentan entre los biomarcadores más prometedores e informativos que indiquen precozmente el Alzheimer y otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Estos mismos marcadores se comportan de manera contraria a nivel plasmático. La copeptina es un biomarcador fácilmente medible, que refleja la situación de estrés a la que está sometido el organismo y se propone su uso en el diagnóstico del síndrome de Burnout; además, niveles aumentados de α-amilasa y cromogranina A (CgA salivales pueden también ser utilizadas como indicadores de este síndrome. Se logró recoger en este artículo un compendio de ejemplos de marcadores biológicos, utilizados en el diagnóstico de enfermedades relacionadas de alguna forma con el sistema nervioso

  20. Evaluación de ligamiento del Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar con marcadores STR en las regiones cromosómicas 18p12, 18q22-23, 21q22 Y 12q23

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Montoya

    2000-02-01

    los criterios diagnósticos utilizados en cada uno. Lo anterior establece la dificultad para definir regiones claramente comprometidas en la etiología del TAB y subraya la necesidad de estudios adicionales que evalúen cada una de las regiones candidatas. Es por esto que nos proponemos, como objetivo general, evaluar hipótesis de ligamiento del TAB a marcadores candidatos en cuatro regiones del genoma en familias estudiadas en la Clínica de Trastornos Afectivos (CTA del Departamento de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia; esto se hará utilizando métodos paramétricos en aquellas familias que cumplan con los siguientes criterios: 1- Depuración de fenotipo en los sujetos de las familias participantes utilizando protocolos clínicos específicos (DSM I V, FIGS, DIGS, BED. 2- Escogencia de los extendidos familiares, que por análisis de simulación, presenten el mayor poder (LS > 3 con P >0.05. Por ultimo se realizará la genotipificación de marcadores anónimos (STRs que han sido reportados en la literatura con algún grado de asociación o ligamiento al fenotipo. Hasta el momento se tienen muestras de DNA pertenecientes a miembros de cuatro familias que cumplen con los requerimientos anteriormente descritos; el próximo paso será la genotipificación de los marcadores a estudiar en cada uno de ellos.

  1. Evaluación fisiológica del lactato como marcador bioquímico utilizado para indicar la intensidad del ejercicio

    OpenAIRE

    Álvarez Romero, Javier Alejandro

    2014-01-01

    Pretende esta revisión contribuir en la posibilidad de utilización del lactato como marcador cuantitativo de la intensidad del ejercicio. Además, es conocido que esta sustancia tiene una estrecha relación con la liberación de hidrogeniones pero ha sido catalogada erróneamente como una relación causa efecto en lo referente a la acidosis láctica. Se muestran en esta revisión otras funciones del lactato recientemente descubiertas y las aplicaciones de dichas funciones en la Fisiología del Ejerci...

  2. Genetic variation between susceptible and non-susceptible snails to Schistosoma infection using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPDs Variação genética entre moluscos susceptíveis e não susceptíveis à infecção pelo Schistosoma através da análise do DNA polimórfico amplificado aleatóriamente (RAPDs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdel-Hamid Zaki ABDEL-HAMID

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available Susceptibility of snails to infection by certain trematodes and their suitability as hosts for continued development has been a bewildering problem in host-parasite relationships. The present work emphasizes our interest in snail genetics to determine what genes or gene products are specifically responsible for susceptibility of snails to infection. High molecular weight DNA was extracted from both susceptible and non-susceptible snails within the same species Biomphalaria tenagophila. RAPD was undertaken to distinguish between the two types of snails. Random primers (10 mers were used to amplify the extracted DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE and silver staining. The results suggest that RAPD represents an efficient means of genome comparison, since many molecular markers were detected as genetic variations between susceptible and non-susceptible snails.A susceptibilidade de moluscos à infecção por certos trematódeos e a sua capacidade como hospedeiro para o contínuo desenvolvimento é o problema mais deslumbrante nas relações parasita hospedeiro. O presente trabalho, focaliza nosso interesse na genética dos moluscos para determinar quais genes ou produtos gênicos são especificamente responsáveis pela susceptibilidade do molusco à infecção. DNA de alto peso molecular, foi extraído de ambos moluscos susceptíveis e não susceptíveis da espécie Biomphalaria tenagophila. Iniciadores aleatórios com 10 pares de bases foram usados na amplificação aleatória (RAPD de ambos os DNAs e análise por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e coloração com prata. Os resultados mostram que a amplificação aleatória do DNA representa um eficiente caminho para a comparação dos genomas desde que marcadores moleculares foram detectados como variantes genéticos entre os moluscos susceptíveis e não susceptíveis.

  3. Genetic relatedness of Brazilian Colletotrichum truncatum isolates assessed by vegetative compatibility groups and RAPD analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sant'Anna, Juliane R; Miyamoto, Cláudia T; Rosada, Lúcia J; Franco, Claudinéia C S; Kaneshima, Edilson N; Castro-Prado, Marialba A A

    2010-01-01

    The genetic variation among nine soybean-originating isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum from different Brazilian states was studied. Nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were obtained with potassium chlorate and used to characterize vegetative compatibility reactions, heterokaryosis and RAPD profile. Based on pairings of nit mutants from the different isolates, five vegetative complementation groups (VCG) were identified, and barriers to the formation of heterokaryons were observed among isolates derived from the same geographic area. No complementation was observed among any of the nit mutants recovered from the isolate A, which was designed heterokaryon-self-incompatible. Based on RAPD analysis, a polymorphism was detected among the wild isolate C and their nit1 and NitM mutants. RAPD amplification, with five different primers, also showed polymorphic profiles among Brazilian C. truncatum isolates. Dendrogram analysis resulted in a similarity degree ranging between 0.331 and 0.882 among isolates and identified three RAPD groups. Despite the lack of a correlation between the RAPD analysis and the vegetative compatibility grouping, results demonstrated the potential of VCG analysis to differentiate C. truncatum isolates genotypically similar when compared by RAPD.

  4. RAPD analysis of alfalfa DNA mutation via N+ implantation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Yufeng; Huang Qunce; Yu Zengliang; Liang Yunzhang

    2003-01-01

    Germination capacity of alfalfa seeds under low energy N + implantation manifests oscillations going down with dose strength. From analyzing alfalfa genome DNA under low energy N + implantation by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphous DNA), it is recommended that 30 polymorphic DNA fragments be amplified with 8 primers in total 100 primers, and fluorescence intensity of the identical DNA fragment amplified by RAPD is different between CK and treatments. Number of different polymorphic DNA fragments between treatment and CK via N + implantation manifests going up with dose strength

  5. RAPD analysis of genetic variation in the Australian fan flower, Scaevola.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Swoboda, I; Bhalla, P L

    1997-10-01

    The use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to study genetic variability in Scaevola (family Goodeniaceae), a native Australian species used in ornamental horticulture, is demonstrated. Plants of the genus Scaevola are commonly known as "fan flowers," due to the fan-like shape of the flowers. Nineteen accessions of Scaevola (12 cultivated and 7 wild) were studied using 20 random decamer arbitrary primers. Eight primers gave a distinct reproducible amplification profile of 90 scorable polymorphic fragments, enabling the differentiation of the Scaevola accessions. RAPD amplification of genomic DNA revealed a high genetic variability among the different species of Scaevola studied. Molecular markers were used to calculate the similarity coefficients, which were then used for determining genetic distances between each of the accessions. Based on genetic distances, a dendrogram was constructed. Though the dendrogram is in general agreement with the taxonomy, it also highlights discrepancies in the classification. The RAPD data showed that Scaevola aemula (series Pogogynae) is closer to Scaevola glandulifera of series Globuliferae than to the rest of members of series Pogogynae. In addition, the RAPD banding pattern of white flower S. aemula, one of the commercial cultivars, was identical to that of Scaevola albida, indicating their genetic similarity. Our study showed that there is a large genetic distance between commercial cultivars of Scaevola (Purple Fanfare, Pink Perfection, and Mauve Cluster), indicating considerable genetic variation among them. The use of RAPDs in intra- and inter-specific breeding of Scaevola is also explored.

  6. Molecular performance of commercial MTG variety oil palm based on RAPD markers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Putri, L. A. P.; Setyo, I. E.; Basyuni, M.; Bayu, E. S.; Setiado, H.; Reynaldi, N. F.; Laia, H.; Puteri, S. A. K.; Arifiyanto, D.; Syahputra, I.

    2018-02-01

    The oil palm, an economically important tree in Indonesia, has been one of the world’s major sources of edible oil and a significant precursor of biodiesel fuel. This research is conducted by taking individual tree sample of commercial MTG variety germplasm oil palm one years old. The purpose of this research is to analyse molecular performance of some oil palm MTG variety based on RAPD markers. In this experiment, the DNA profile diversity was assessed using markers of oil palm’s random RAPD markers (OPD-20, SB-19, OPM-01 and OPO-11). A total of 15 trees commercial MTG oil palm variety were used for analysis. The results of the experiment indicated out of 4 RAPD markers (OPD-20, SB-19, OPM-01 and OPO-11) showed polymorphic of PCR product. These preliminary results demonstrated RAPD marker can be used to evaluate genetic relatedness among trees of commercial MTG variety oil palm and detecting either genetic variants or mislabelled.

  7. Assessment of genetic diversity in okra (abelmoschus esculentus l.) using rapd markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haq, I.; Khan, A.A.; Azmat, M.A.

    2013-01-01

    Thirty nine okra genotypes were assessed for genetic variability using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Twenty polymorphic RAPD primers amplified 111 DNA fragments, with an average of 5.5 fragments per primer. Among 39 okra genotypes, 107 fragments (96%) were found to be polymorphic. The UPGMA cluster analysis placed okra genotypes into seven main clusters. Sabzpari 2001 and Acc. No. 019221 had shown maximum similarity (83%) while the minimum similarity (44.14%) was observed between the genotypes Punjab Selection and Acc. No. 019217. Thus, by using RAPD primers a considerable polymorphism appeared to exist, which showed genetic variability in the okra genotypes. (author)

  8. Genetic relatedness of Brazilian Colletotrichum truncatum isolates assessed by vegetative compatibility groups and RAPD analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JULIANE R SANT’ANNA

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The genetic variation among nine soybean-originating isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum from different Brazilian states was studied. Nitrate non-utilizing (nit mutants were obtained with potassium chlorate and used to characterize vegetative compatibility reactions, heterokaryosis and RAPD profile. Based on pairings of nit mutants from the different isolates, five vegetative complementation groups (VCG were identified, and barriers to the formation of heterokaryons were observed among isolates derived from the same geographic area. No complementation was observed among any of the nit mutants recovered from the isolate A, which was designed heterokaryon-self-incompatible. Based on RAPD analysis, a polymorphism was detected among the wild isolate C and their nit1 and NitM mutants. RAPD amplification, with five different primers, also showed polymorphic profiles among Brazilian C. truncatum isolates. Dendrogram analysis resulted in a similarity degree ranging between 0.331 and 0.882 among isolates and identified three RAPD groups. Despite the lack of a correlation between the RAPD analysis and the vegetative compatibility grouping, results demonstrated the potential of VCG analysis to differentiate C. truncatum isolates genotypically similar when compared by RAPD.

  9. Molecular characterization of Salmonella isolates by REP-PCR and RAPD analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Albufera, U; Bhugaloo-Vial, P; Issack, M I; Jaufeerally-Fakim, Y

    2009-05-01

    Eighteen Salmonella isolates from both human and food (non-human) sources (fish, meat, and poultry) were characterized using conventional culture methods, biochemical, serological, and molecular analyses. REP-PCR and RAPD produced DNA profiles for differentiation purposes. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), repetitive extragenic palindronic (REP) and BOXAIR primers were selected for REP-PCR and two arbitrary primers, namely OPP-16 and OPS-11 were used for RAPD to generate DNA fingerprints from the Salmonella isolates. REP-PCR method showed greater discriminatory power in differentiating closely related strains of the related strains of Salmonella and produced more complex banding patterns as compared with RAPD. A dendogram was constructed with both sets of profiles using SPSS Version 13.0 computer software and showed that most human isolates were separately clustered from the non-human isolates. Two of the human isolates were closely related to some of the non-human isolates. A good correlation was also observed between the serogrouping of the O antigen and the molecular profiles obtained from REP-PCR and RAPD data of the Salmonella isolates. The results of a principal coordinate analysis (PCA) corresponded to the clustering in the dendrogram.

  10. MARCADORES POLÍNICOS EN MIELES DEL NOROESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María C. Costa

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó el estudio melisopalinológico de 49 muestras de miel provenientes del noroeste de la provincia de Córdoba. Prosopis spp., Larrea divaricata , Schinopsis spp., Condalia microphylla , Sarcomphalus mistol , Cercidium praecox , Geoffroea decorticans , Capparis atamisquea , Aloysia gratissima , Mimosa spp. y Schinus spp. fueron los tipos polínicos de mayor importancia y frecuencia de aparición, todos representantes de la flora nativa. Cuatro grupos de mieles se diferenciaron por análisis discriminante: Traslasierra, Perisalina, Chaco Árido y Chaco Serrano; algunas especies permitieron diferenciarlos entre sí: Schinus areira , Maytenus vitis-idaea , Cantinoa mutabilis y Schinopsis spp., respectivamente. Los tipos polínicos con mayor índice de importancia de especie y frecuencia se proponen como marcadores útiles para la Denominación de Origen.

  11. Caracterización molecular con marcadores RAM de árboles nativos de Psidium guajava (guayaba en el Valle del Cauca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sanabria Hilsy L

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available COMPENDIO Se evaluaron 53 accesiones de Psidium guajava Valle del Cauca, utilizando marcadores microsatélites aleatorios RAM. Los seis primeros usados generaron 74 bandas polimórficas, con pesos moleculares de 100 a 700 pb. El porcentaje de loci Polimórfico en cinco de los primeros resultó ser del 100% (P < 0.05 y la diversidad génica de 0.4386. El Análisis de Varianza Molecular (AMOVA reveló que el 64.51% de la varianza total haplotípica contabiliza para variaciones dentro de transectos. El análisis de clasificación reflejó un agrupamiento que no correspondía a un patrón geográfico, lo cual indica que la especie de guayaba tiene alta diseminación. El análisis conjunto de las características morfológicas y moleculares suministró una caracterización confiable. La variación total de los descriptores morfológicos y valores moleculares fue explicada en un 77.58% mediante CP, donde las variables originales alcanzaron valores de comunalidad desde 57.22 a un 95.99% dentro de cinco variables sintéticas generadas. El ACM permitió caracterizar las accesiones en cuatro grupos, en los cuales según el análisis discriminante casi el 100% de las accesiones quedaron debidamente clasificadas. Palabras claves: Psidium guajava, accesiones, biodiversidad, marcadores genéticos, análisis molecular, clasificación. ABSTRACT Molecular characteristics of Psidium guajava in the Cauca Valley, Colombia. 53 accessions of Psidium guajava were collected in 9 zones of the Valley of the Cauca. The accessions were characterized molecularly by Microsatellite Amplificated Random RAMs, with the purpose to estimate the diversity and genetic structure that this specie possesses. Six primers were utilized and generated 74 polymorphisms bands with molecular weights from 100 to 700 pb. Five primers resulted to be 100% (P<0.05 polymorphic and the estimated gene diversity was 0.4386. The Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA showed that the 64

  12. Dolor músculo-esquelético en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Caravaca

    2016-07-01

    Conclusiones: El DMEC es muy prevalente en pacientes con ERC avanzada, y se asocia con otros síntomas comunes de la uremia crónica. Al igual que en la población general, características como sexo femenino, edad avanzada, obesidad y comorbilidad están más frecuentemente asociados al DMEC. La elevación de los marcadores de inflamación asociada al DMEC podría ser un hallazgo relevante para explicar su patogenia.

  13. ASOCIACIÓN DE TRES SNPS CON ALGUNAS CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUCTIVAS Y DE CALIDAD DE LA LECHE EN HATOS HOLSTEIN EN ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Julián Echeverri Zuluaga

    Full Text Available Algunas características productivas y de la calidad de la leche están relacionadas con los polimorfismos de los genes kappa caseína (κ-CN, prolactina (PRL y hormona de crecimiento bovina (bGH, estos han sido ampliamente estudiados y aplicados en programas de mejoramiento genético animal. De manera particular, la industria ganadera colombiana se ha cualificado de manera sustancial, gracias a la utilización de estas estrategias que permiten identificar las variantes alélicas relacionadas y la implementación de programas de selección asistida por marcadores moleculares. Con el fin de verificar la asociación de los SNP de estos genes con algunas características productivas y de la calidad de la leche en las ganaderías antioqueñas, se evaluaron 4.453 lactancias de 1.631 vacas pertenecientes a 69 hatos lecheros de diferentes municipios del departamento de Antioquia. En el análisis se incluyó la producción de leche ajustada (PA, el porcentaje de proteína (PRO y grasa (GRA, el recuento de células somáticas (RSC y el efecto de los genotipos de los marcadores antes mencionados. Los resultados corroboran la asociación de estos marcadores con las características evaluadas, y sugieren un efecto importante del genotipo de la κ-CN sobre el porcentaje de proteína (BB>AB>AA (p +/- > +/+ (pAB>AA (p=0,01.

  14. Diversidade genética de isolados de Mycosphaerella musicola obtidos de bananais do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil por meio de marcadores RAPD Genetic diversity of Mycosphaerella musicola isolates obtained from bananas of north of Minas Gerais, Brazil by using RAPD markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janaína Ribeiro Oliveira

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Onze primers RAPD foram utilizados para avaliar a variabilidade genética de 31 isolados de M. musicola coletados a partir de folhas de bananeiras 'Prata Anã' e 'Nanica', cultivadas no Norte de Minas Gerais. Foram amplificados um total de 83 bandas sendo 73 polimórficas, dando uma média de 6,6 bandas polimórficas por primer. As distâncias genéticas observadas variaram de 0,56 a 0,06 entre os isolados, com distância média de 0,25. O dendrograma construído com base no método UPGMA revelou a formação de 8 grupos, não sendo observada correlação entre a diversidade genética dos isolados e as origens geográficas dos isolados avaliados.Eleven primers RAPD were used to estimate the genetic variability between 31 isolates of M. musicola collected from 'PrataAnã' and Nanica bananas that were cultivated in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total o 83 fragments were amplified, of which 73 were polymorphic, corresponding to an average of 6.6 polymorphic fragments per primer. The genetic distances ranged from 0.06 to 0.56 and the average distance of 0.21. A dendrogram constructed based on the UPGMA clustering method revealed 8 and no correlation between molecular grouping and geographical origin was observed.

  15. Karyotype analysis, DNA content and molecular screening in Lippia alba (Verbenaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia M.O. Pierre

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Cytogenetic analyses, of pollen viability, nuclear DNA content and RAPD markers were employed to study three chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill. (Verbenaceae in order to understand the genetic variation among them. Different ploidy levels and mixoploid individuals were observed. This work comprises the first report of different chromosome numbers (cytotypes in L. alba. The chromosome numbers of La2-carvone and La3-linalool chemotypes suggested that they are polyploids. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase of nuclear DNA content that was not directly proportional to ploidy level variation. A cluster analysis based on RAPD markers revealed that La3-linalool shares genetic markers with La1-citral and La2-carvone. The analysis showed that the majority of genetic variation of La3-linalool could be a consequence of ixoploidy. ur data indicates that sexual reproduction aong those three chemotypes is unlikely and suggests the beginning of reproductive isolation. The results demonstrated that chromosome analysis, nuclear DNA content estimation and RAPD markers constitute excellent tools for detecting genetic variation among L. alba chemotypes.Análises citogenéticas, de viabilidade do pólen, do conteúdo de DNA nuclear e marcadores RAPD foram empregadas no estudo de três quimiotipos de Lippia alba (Mill. (Verbenaceae visando contribuir para o entendimento da variação genética entre os mesmos. Diferentes níveis de ploidia e indivíduos mixoploides foram observados. Este trabalho compreende o primeiro relato de diferentes números cromossômicos (citótipos em L. alba. Os números cromossômicos dos quimiotipos La2-carvona e La3-linalol sugere que eles seja poliploides. A análise da citometria de fluxo mostrou um aumento do conteúdo de DNA nuclear que não foi diretamente proporcional à variação no nível de ploidia. A análise de agrupamento baseada nos marcadores RAPD demonstrou que La3-linalol compartilha marcadores genéticos com La1

  16. RAPD- and ERIC-Based Typing of Clinical and Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Auda, Ibtesam Ghadban; Al-Kadmy, Israa M S; Kareem, Sawsan Mohammed; Lafta, Aliaa Khyuon; A'Affus, Mustafa Hussein Obeid; Khit, Ibrahim Abd Aloahd; Al Kheraif, Abdulaziz Abdullah; Divakar, Darshan Devang; Ramakrishnaiah, Ravikumar

    2017-03-01

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infection in children and adults, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality due to its ability to acquire drug resistance. The ability of P. aeruginosa in the environment to cause infection in individuals has been reported previously; henceforth, surveillance of the emergence and transmission of P. aeruginosa strains among patients is important for infection control in a clinical setup. Various gene-typing methods have been used for epidemiological typing of P. aeruginosa isolates for the purpose of surveillance. In this work, the suitability and comparability of two typing methods, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR fingerprinting, were studied to characterize P. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources. Forty-four clinical and environmental bacterial isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected between October 2015 and January 2016. DNA extraction, ERIC-PCR and RAPD-PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and phylogenetic analyses were carried using the unweighted pair-group method with mean. RAPD typing revealed less clonality among clinical isolates, whereas the ERIC method showed greater similarity in comparison with RAPD. Environmental isolates, however, showed greater similarity using RAPD compared with ERIC typing. With only a few exceptions, most clinical isolates were distinct from environmental isolates, irrespective of the typing method. In conclusion, both the RAPD and ERIC typing methods proved to be good tools in understanding clonal diversity. The results also suggest that there is no relationship between clinical and environmental isolates. The absence of clonality among the clinical isolates may indicate that most P. aeruginosa infection cases could be endemic and not epidemic and that endemic infections may be due to nonclonal strains of P. aeruginosa.

  17. Genetic variability among 18 cultivars of cooking bananas and plantains by RAPD and ISSR markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    YUYU SURYASARI POERBA

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Poerba YS, Ahmad F (2010 Genetic variability among 18 cultivars of cooking bananas and plantains by RAPD and ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 11: 118-123. This study was done to assess the molecular diversity of 36 accessions (18 cultivars of the plantain and cooking bananas (Musa acuminata x M. balbisiana, AAB, ABB subgroups based on Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD and and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR markers and to determine genetic relationships in the bananas. RAPD and ISSR fingerprinting of these banana varieties was carried out by five primers of RAPDs and two primers of ISSRs. RAPD primers produced 63 amplified fragments varying from 250 to 2500 bp in size. 96.82% of the amplification bands were polymorphic. ISSR primers produced 26 amplified fragments varying from 350 bp to 2000 bp in size. The results showed that 92.86% of the amplification bands were polymorphic. The range of genetic distance of 18 cultivars was from 0.06-0.67.

  18. Risk assessment of cadmium-contaminated soil on plant DNA damage using RAPD and physiological indices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Wan; Yang, Y.S.; Li, P.J.; Zhou, Q.X.; Xie, L.J.; Han, Y.P.

    2009-01-01

    Impact assessment of contaminants in soil is an important issue in environmental quality study and remediation of contaminated land. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) 'fingerprinting' technique was exhibited to detect genotoxin-induced DNA damage of plants from heavy metal contaminated soil. This study compared the effects occurring at molecular and population levels in barley seedlings exposed to cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil. Results indicate that reduction of root growth and increase of total soluble protein level in the root tips of barley seedlings occurred with the ascending Cd concentrations. For the RAPD analyses, nine 10-base pair (bp) random RAPD primers (decamers) with 60-70% GC content were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and subsequently were used to produce a total of 129 RAPD fragments of 144-2639 base pair in molecular size in the root tips of control seedlings. Results produced from nine primers indicate that the changes occurring in RAPD profiles of the root tips following Cd treatment included alterations in band intensity as well as gain or loss of bands compared with the control seedlings. New amplified fragments at molecular size from approximately 154 to 2245 bp appeared almost for 10, 20 and 40 mg L -1 Cd with 9 primers (one-four new polymerase chain reaction, (PCR) products), and the number of missing bands enhanced with the increasing Cd concentration for nine primers. These results suggest that genomic template stability reflecting changes in RAPD profiles were significantly affected and it compared favourably with the traditional indices such as growth and soluble protein level at the above Cd concentrations. The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD can be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for detection of the genotoxic effects of Cd stress in soil on plants. As a tool in risk assessment the RAPD assay can be used in characterisation of Cd hazard in soil

  19. Genetic diversity of sesame (sesamum indicum L.) germplasm from Pakistan using RAPD markers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Akbar, F; Rabbani, M A; Masood, M S; Shinwari, Z.K., E-mail: shinwari@qau.edu.p

    2011-08-15

    Genetic diversity among 20 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions was examined at DNA level by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Ten primers used produced a total of 93 RAPD fragments, of which 70 (75%) were polymorphic. Each primer generated 5 to 17 amplified fragments with an average of 9.3 bands per primer. Based on pair-wise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, Nei and Li's similarity coefficients were computed to assess the associations among the accessions. Pair-wise similarity indices varied from 0.65 to 0.91. A UPGMA cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities located most of the accessions far apart from one another, showing a high level of polymorphism. Genetically, all the genotypes were classified into two major groups and six subgroups or clusters. A single accession (22243) was relatively distinct from rest of the accessions and created independent cluster. In conclusion, even with the use of a limited set of primers, RAPD technique revealed a high level of genetic variation among sesame accessions collected from diverse ecologies of Pakistan. This high level of genetic diversity among the genotypes suggested that RAPD technique is valuable for sesame systematic, and can be helpful for the upholding of germplasm banks and the competent choice of parents in breeding programs. (author)

  20. Genetic diversity of sesame (sesamum indicum L.) germplasm from Pakistan using RAPD markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Akbar, F; Rabbani, M.A.; Masood, M.S.; Shinwari, Z.K.

    2011-01-01

    Genetic diversity among 20 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions was examined at DNA level by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Ten primers used produced a total of 93 RAPD fragments, of which 70 (75%) were polymorphic. Each primer generated 5 to 17 amplified fragments with an average of 9.3 bands per primer. Based on pair-wise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, Nei and Li's similarity coefficients were computed to assess the associations among the accessions. Pair-wise similarity indices varied from 0.65 to 0.91. A UPGMA cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities located most of the accessions far apart from one another, showing a high level of polymorphism. Genetically, all the genotypes were classified into two major groups and six subgroups or clusters. A single accession (22243) was relatively distinct from rest of the accessions and created independent cluster. In conclusion, even with the use of a limited set of primers, RAPD technique revealed a high level of genetic variation among sesame accessions collected from diverse ecologies of Pakistan. This high level of genetic diversity among the genotypes suggested that RAPD technique is valuable for sesame systematic, and can be helpful for the upholding of germplasm banks and the competent choice of parents in breeding programs. (author)

  1. Genetic diversity of Phytophthora sojae isolates in Heilongjiang Province in China assessed by RAPD and EST-SSR

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, J. J.; Xu, P. F.; Liu, L. J.; Wang, J. S.; Lin, W. G.; Zhang, S. Z.; Wei, L.

    Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and EST-SSR markers were used to estimate the genetic relationship among thirty-nine P.sojae isolates from three locations in Heilongjiang Province, and nine isolates from Ohio in America were made as reference strains. 10 of 50 RAPD primers and 5 of 33 EST-SSR were polymorphic across 48 P.sojae isolates. Similarity values among P.sojae isolates were from 49% to 82% based on the RAPD data. The similarities based on EST-SSR markers ranged from 47% to 85%. The genetic diversity revealed by EST-SSR marker analysis was higher than that obtained from RAPD. The similarity matrices for the SSR data and the RAPD data were moderately correlated (r = 0.47). Genetic similarity coefficients were also relatively lower, which demonstrated complicated genetic background within each location. The high similarity values range revealed the ability of RAPD/EST-SSR markers to distinguish even among morphological similar phytophthora.

  2. Uso prático de marcadores moleculares para seleção assistida no melhoramento de uvas de mesa apirênicas Practical use of molecular markers for seedlessness assisted selection in grapevine breeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Fernando Revers

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available A hipótese mais bem aceita atualmente para explicar a genética complexa da estenoespermocarpia, observada na videira, indica que a expressão deste fenótipo é controlada por três genes recessivos, independentemente herdados e controlados por um gene regulador dominante (sdI. Em estudo anterior, Lahogue et al. (1998 identificaram um marcador RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ligado ao gene sdI e utilizaram-no para desenvolver um SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region co-dominante denominado SCC8, que pode distinguir, em uma progênie, indivíduos com semente como também selecionar indivíduos apirênicos. Neste trabalho, são apresentados resultados da avaliação do potencial de aplicação do marcador molecular SCAR SCC8 para seleção assistida do caráter da apirenia no melhoramento de uvas de mesa sem sementes. A utilização deste marcador na seleção assistida para apirenia em uvas de mesa mostrou-se viável, e as conseqüências da sua utilização no programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Uva e Vinho são discutidas.The inheritance of seedlessness in grapevine is based on a complex genetic system, where the expression of three independently inherited recessive genes is controlled by a dominant regulator gene (sdI. In a previous study, Lahogue et al. (1998 identified a random amplified polymorphic DNA marker, tightly linked to the sdI gene and developed a codominant SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region marker named SCC8, that allows the distinction of seeded and seedless plants in a segregating progeny. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the usefullness of the SCAR marker SCC8 for assisted selection of the seedlessness character in grape breeding. According to our results, the use of the SCC8 marker is economically viable and the consequences of its use in the grapevine breeding program at Embrapa Uva e Vinho are discussed.

  3. O papel de marcadores moleculares na genética forense

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniele Decanine

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as tecnologias utilizadas na Genética Forense, enfatizando o uso de marcadores moleculares para a identificação humana. Apresento aqui alguns exemplos do potencial da Biologia Molecular para auxiliar na investigação criminal, bem como na definição de parentesco (maternidade e paternidade. A utilização desses marcadores é atualmente a peça fundamental para os testes de DNA forense. Estes sistemas são, na sua maioria, baseados na análise de painéis de sequências microssatélites específicas (STRs. Foi possível discorrer sobre o uso forense do DNA, sobre a presença de regiões hipervariáveis no material genético, o papel de marcadores moleculares, bem como abordar técnicas de análise de DNA e suas aplicações. A busca por novas metodologias se faz importante para reduzir os custos e impulsionar uma nova cultura genética na Ciência Forense, as quais terão impacto no futuro do DNA forense com a expansão da Biologia Molecular.

  4. Evaluation of genetic diversity in Piper spp using RAPD and SRAP markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiang, Y; Liu, J-P

    2011-11-29

    Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analysis were applied to 74 individual plants of Piper spp in Hainan Island. The results showed that the SRAP technique may be more informative and more efficient and effective for studying genetic diversity of Piper spp than the RAPD technique. The overall level of genetic diversity among Piper spp in Hainan was relatively high, with the mean Shannon diversity index being 0.2822 and 0.2909, and the mean Nei's genetic diversity being 0.1880 and 0.1947, calculated with RAPD and SRAP data, respectively. The ranges of the genetic similarity coefficient were 0.486-0.991 and 0.520-1.000 for 74 individual plants of Piper spp (the mean genetic distance was 0.505 and 0.480) and the within-species genetic distance ranged from 0.063 to 0.291 and from 0.096 to 0.234, estimated with RAPD and SRAP data, respectively. These genetic indices indicated that these species are closely related genetically. The dendrogram generated with the RAPD markers was topologically different from the dendrogram based on SRAP markers, but the SRAP technique clearly distinguished all Piper spp from each other. Evaluation of genetic variation levels of six populations showed that the effective number of alleles, Nei's gene diversity and the Shannon information index within Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan populations are higher than those elsewhere; consequently conservation of wild resources of Piper in these two regions should have priority.

  5. Validação de marcadores moleculares para resistência à giberela em genótipos brasileiros de trigo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Scherloski

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar 19 marcadores microssatélites para resistência do trigo à giberela, em uma população não estruturada. Foram utilizados marcadores moleculares descritos na literatura como flanqueando QTLs de resistência à giberela em trigo, nos cromossomos 3B, 5A e 6B. Foram avaliadas 96 linhagens e cultivares de trigo quanto à severidade da infecção por giberela, em dois anos de avaliação. As linhagens e as cultivares foram genotipadas com 19 marcadores microssatélites. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey e pelas análises de correlação, regressão linear simples e regressão múltipla; também foi estimada a eficiência de seleção dos marcadores moleculares. A severidade da doença variou de 1,95 a 41,3%, na média dos dois anos. Foram validados os QTLs nos três cromossomos avaliados. Os marcadores Xgwm389, Xgwm533, Xbarc180, Xbarc24, Wmc397, Xbarc101 e Wmc398 foram associados significativamente à resistência do trigo à giberela, tendo sido identificados alelos de resistência e de suscetibilidade. Os marcadores Wmc397, Xbarc101 (cromossomo 6B e Xbarc180 (cromossomo 5A têm potencial para uso na seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares, para resistência do trigo à giberela.

  6. RAPD-PCR – still a suitable Method for Genetically Underexplored Species?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Konstanze Ursula Behrmann

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Saithe (Pollachius virens is a commercially important fish species; the annual catch quota in the Northeast Atlantic exceeds 100.000 t. Despite that saithe is underexplored from a fish population genetically view. Because saithe is a highly migratory species, which undergoes a long larval drift, the population structure of saithe within the Northeast Atlantic is not fully understood. Models used as a basis for the management plan are based on tagging studies, which have been carried out in the 1960th. But still there are doubts regarding the numbers of stocks living in the Northeast Atlantic. Migration routes are affected by salmon farming, growing steadily from the 1990th. In the last years a hyperstability of the saithe stock in the North Sea had been detected underlining the need to have a closer look on the saithe stocks in the Northeast Atlantic. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD - PCR is a DNA fingerprinting technique often used in species identification and population genetic research for species, whose genome has not been sequenced very extensive as being the case for most of the food fishes. We applied RAPD-PCR in a study of saithe populations from the North Atlantic. The suitability of RAPD-PCR was improved by optimisations for enhanced reproducibility. The “classical” protocol for RAPD-PCR was modified by increasing the annealing temperature and shortening the time of annealing, providing a much better reproducibility. Thus, RAPD-PCR was found to be a straightforward and low-cost way, compared to other population genetic tools, to get a first insight into the population structure of less sequenced fish species within a very short time, being useful for preliminary studies or laboratories without large capacities for DNA sequencing.

  7. using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    To study the pattern of genetic diversity in 45 genotypes of common bean, 19 RAPD primers were used. Of 253 bands produced, 236 bands (94.22%) were polymorphic in which maximum number (20 polymorphic bands) were observed in the profiles of the primer OPB-07. Highest PIC value (0.79) was observed for the ...

  8. Assessment of genetic diversity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) germplasm using RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Shubhangi; Kumar, Pankaj; Gambhir, Geetika; Kumar, Ramesh; Srivastava, D K

    2018-01-01

    The importance of germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources in various breeding programmes. In the present study, genetic variability and relationships among 25 Lactuca sativa L. genotypes were tested using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. A total of 45 random decamer oligonucleotide primers were examined to generate RAPD profiles, out of these reproducible patterns were obtained with 22 primers. A total of 87 amplicon were obtained, out of which all were polymorphic and 7 were unique bands. The level of polymorphism across genotypes was 100% as revealed by RAPD. Genetic similarity matrix, based on Jaccard's coefficients ranged from 13.7 to 84.10% indicating a wide genetic base. Dendrogram was constructed by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages method. RAPD technology could be useful for identification of different accessions as well as assessing the genetic similarity among different genotypes of lettuce. The study reveals the limited genetic base and the needs to diversify using new sources from the germplasm.

  9. CARACTERIZACIÓN PRELIMINAR CON MICROSATÉLITES DE LA COLECCIÓN GUATEMALTECA DE FRIJOL COMÚN TREPADOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Melina Ponciano-Samayoa

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar con microsatélites una colección de 558 accesiones de frijol voluble guatemalteco. En el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Agrícolas (ICTA, en el periodo enero 2008 a junio 2009, con base en seis marcadores microsatélites, se analizaron agrupamientos y diversidad genética dentro de los grupos de frijol. Todos los loci analizados fueron polimórficos, se detectaron 25 alelos con un promedio de 4,12 alelos por marcador. El análisis de similaridad detectó genotipos duplicados que al ser eliminados dio lugar a una colección reducida de 261 muestras diferentes (46,8 % de la original. Los análisis de similaridad y correspondencia identificaron 12 grupos, incluyendo un control andino. La diversidad genética de Nei para la colección reducida fue 0,4310, y la diferenciación genética (Gst de 0,5747. La diversidad genética entre los grupos (57,5 % fue mayor que la detectada dentro de los grupos (42,5 %. Las distancias genéticas entre grupos se calcularon en un rango de 0.1566 a 1,6205. Un alto nivel de heterocigosidad fue observado.

  10. Genetic variation in Phoca vitulina (the harbour seal) revealed by DNA fingerprinting and RAPDs

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kappe, A.L.; van de Zande, L.; Vedder, E.J.; Bijlsma, R.; van Delden, Wilke

    Genetic variation in two harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) populations from the Dutch Wadden Sea and Scotland was examined by RAPD analysis and DNA fingerprinting. For comparison a population of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) was studied. The RAPD method revealed a very low number of polymorphic bands.

  11. El uso de marcadores del discurso en textos escritos por estudiantes del grado de Maestro y de la especialidad de lengua castellana y literatura del MUFPS

    OpenAIRE

    Cano Vela, Ángel Gregorio

    2016-01-01

    Vamos a analizar aquí el uso de marcadores del discurso (MD) en tareas grupales, memorias de prácticas y TFG en el grado de Maestro, así como TFM en el MUFPS con el fin de evaluar la competencia pragmática y discursiva del alumnado en este ámbito. El objetivo principal es observar cómo evoluciona el uso de MD a lo largo de la formación inicial de los futuros maestros y profesores de secundaria.

  12. Análisis de la Variabilidad Genética entre treinta accesiones de tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet usando marcadores moleculares ISSR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michelle C. Chirinos-Arias

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el fin de realizar el análisis de variabilidad genética inter-accesión de treinta accesiones de tarwi (L. mutabilis Sweet pertenecientes al Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA. Se extrajo el ADN de 300 plantas, se construyeron bulks, se estandarizó el protocolo de amplificación de los marcadores moleculares Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR, de los cuales se eligió a los más polimórficos y nítidos para corrida en gel de acrilamida. Encontrándose 255 bandas con 8 iniciadores ISSR. El análisis de la variabilidad genética con estos iniciadores comprobó una alta variabilidad genética de las muestras en estudio. Observándose también un polimorfismo relativamente alto para una especie autógama como L. mutabilis. Finalmente los fenogramas mostraron una relación con la ubicación geográfica, posiblemente debido al flujo génico in situ debido al intercambio o venta de semillas en ferias o mercados aledaños a la zona de colecta.

  13. Genetic structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum populations estimated by RAPD Estrutura genética de populações de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum estimada por RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Alano Vieira

    2004-01-01

    populações de azevém anual, sendo três populações do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e uma do Uruguai. O nível de diversidade e a estrutura genética destas populações foram estudados com marcadores RAPD. A análise de 375 indivíduos amostrados nas populações, com seis iniciadores, gerou um total de 82 bandas que foram utilizados nas análises, dentre as quais 73 (89,02% foram polimórficas. O valor do índice de diversidade genética total obtido, (0,71 foi elevado evidenciando a presença de uma grande diversidade genética nas quatro populações. A análise da estrutura genética revelou que 98% da diversidade total esta contida dentro das populações, enquanto que a diversidade genética entre as populações representou somente 2%. Sugere-se que antes da separação destas populações, as mesmas tenham passado por um período de troca de genes e que mesmo após o evento de separação elas mantiveram a freqüência destes em níveis semelhantes aos originais, não tendo ocorrido uma seleção diferencial destes genes nos locais de cultivo.

  14. Genetic diversity characterization of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz.: I RAPD markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Colombo Carlos

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available RAPD markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 31 Brazilian cassava clones. The results were compared with the genetic diversity revealed by botanical descriptors. Both sets of variates revealed identical relationships among the cultivars. Multivariate analysis of genetic similarities placed genotypes destinated for consumption "in nature" in one group, and cultivars useful for flour production in another. Brazil?s abundance of landraces presents a broad dispersion and is consequently an important resource of genetic variability. The botanical descriptors were not able to differentiate thirteen pairs of cultivars compared two-by-two, while only one was not differentiated by RAPD markers. These results showed the power of RAPD markers over botanical descriptors in studying genetic diversity, identifying duplicates, as well as validating, or improving a core collection. The latter is particularly important in this vegetatively propagated crop.

  15. Conversion of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Conversion of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker UBC#116 linked to Fusarium crown and root rot resistance gene (Frl) into a co-dominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for marker-assisted selection of tomato.

  16. RAPD study on some common species of Porphyra in China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuang, Mei; Wang, Su-Juan; Li, Yao; Shen, Da-Leng; Zeng, Cheng-Kui

    1998-03-01

    RAPD analysis of seven samples of five Porphyra species, P haitanensis (three samples of cultured population), P. katadai var. hemiphylla, P. oligospermatangia, P. suborbiculata and P. yezoensis, showed the closest relationship existing among the three cultured populations of P. haitanensis. The genetic distance between P. haitanensis and P. oligospermatangia was the same as that between P. haitanensis and P. suborbiculata, both were 0.9. The genetic distances, among the other species of Porphyra ranged from 0.7 to 0.8. UPGMA analysis showed P. suborbiculata and P. yezoensis belong to another lineage. Results of this study suggests that RAPD analysis is effective at population level.

  17. Use of RAPD and PCR double amplification in the study of ancient DNA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. Balzano

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available This project analysed the DNA extracted from bones of ancient sheep which have been brought to light in Sardinian different archaeological sites. In order to better analyse this highly fragmented DNA, a double amplification technique was chosen. The first approach consisted of RAPD-PCR abd the second one in classic PCR. The RAPD-PCR amplified random fragments and allowed the production of numerous amplicons. The products of RAPD amplification have been amplified, more specifically, by the second PCR using primers for a sequence of 176 bp of mitochondrial D-loop region. These DNA fragments have been sequenced and the sequence analysis has confirmed that it belonged to Ovis aries. Consequently, this provedure can be considered a valid tool to perform amplification of degraded DNA, such as ancient DNA.

  18. Development of RAPD-SCAR markers for different Ganoderma species authentication by improved RAPD amplification and molecular cloning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fu, J J; Mei, Z Q; Tania, M; Yang, L Q; Cheng, J L; Khan, M A

    2015-05-25

    The sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) is a valuable molecular technique for the genetic identification of any species. This method is mainly derived from the molecular cloning of the amplified DNA fragments achieved from the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In this study, we collected DNA from 10 species of Ganoderma mushroom and amplified the DNA using an improved RAPD technique. The amplified fragments were then cloned into a T-vector, and positive clones were screened, indentified, and sequenced for the development of SCAR markers. After designing PCR primers and optimizing PCR conditions, 4 SCAR markers, named LZ1-4, LZ2-2, LZ8-2, and LZ9-15, were developed, which were specific to Ganoderma gibbosum (LZ1-4 and LZ8-2), Ganoderma sinense (LZ2-2 and LZ8-2), Ganoderma tropicum (LZ8-2), and Ganoderma lucidum HG (LZ9-15). These 4 novel SCAR markers were deposited into GenBank with the accession Nos. KM391935, KM391936, KM391937, and KM391938, respectively. Thus, in this study we developed specific SCAR markers for the identification and authentication of different Ganoderma species.

  19. Characterization of Boerhavia diffusa L. mutant lines by RAPD and isozyme, selected for agronomically valuable traits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shukla, N.; Sangwan, N.S.; Misra, H.O.; Sangwan, R.S.

    2004-01-01

    Boerhavia diffusa is a medicinally important plant and finds extensive uses in traditional herbal drug preparations. For the development of improved varieties in terms of superior yield and quality of herb/root of B. diffusa, mutation breeding was attempted. Mutants generated by physical and chemical mutagenic treatments were screened for yield and quality parameters of the root/herb up to three consecutive generations. The selected-screened lines generated by physical and chemical mutagenic treatments on two selected genotypes I and II were molecularly analyzed using eight isozymes and eleven RAPD primers producing good amplification. Mutants from BD10 (selected genotype I) were distinct, while, in case of BD22 (selected genotype II), only one mutant BDMu7 was recorded distinct by isozyme analysis. The wild mutant (BDMu16, with maximum height and mouve coloured flower) was distinct in RAPD banding pattern. Isozymes differentiated the mutants from their respective controls, whereas RAPD differentiated the mutants and controls and also distinguished the mutants. The RAPD analysis was found to be better suited than isozymes for detecting genetic differences among controls and their mutants. However, both RAPD and isozyme analyses gave similar patterns of genetic relationships [it

  20. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers reveal genetic ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The present study evaluated genetic variability of superior bael genotypes collected from different parts of Andaman Islands, India using fruit characters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genomic DNA extracted from leaf material using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was ...

  1. Biochemical and genetic variation of some Syrian wheat varieties using NIR, RAPD and AFLPs techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saleh, B.

    2012-01-01

    This study was performed to assess chemical components and genetic variability of five Syrian wheat varieties using NIR, RAPD and AFLP techniques. NIR technique showed that Cham6 was the best variety in term of wheat grain quality due to their lowest protein (%), hardness, water uptake and baking volume and the highest starch (%) compared to the other tested varieties. PCR amplifications with 21 RAPD primers and 13 AFLP PCs primer combinations gave 104 and 466 discernible loci of which 24 (18.823%) and 199 (45.527%) were polymorphic for the both techniques respectively. Our data indicated that the three techniques gave similar results regarding the degree of relatedness among the tested varieties. In the present investigation, AFLP fingerprinting was more efficient than the RAPD assay. Where the letter exhibited lower Marker Index (MI) average (0.219) compared to AFLP one (3.203). The pattern generated by RAPD, AFLPs markers or by NIR separated the five wheat varieties into two groups. The first group consists of two subclusters. The first subcluster involved Cham8 and Bohous6, while the second one includes Cham6 that is very closed to precedent varieties. The second group consists of Bohous9 and Cham7 that were also closely related. Based on this study, the use of NIR, RAPD and AFLP techniques could be a powerful tool to detect the effectiveness relationships of these technologies. (author)

  2. Comparative evaluation of genetic diversity using RAPD, SSR and ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, 2Ranichauri Hill Campus, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture ... Comparison of RAPD, SSR and cytochrome P450 gene based markers, in terms of the ...... project programme.

  3. Expressão dos marcadores tumorais CD-34 e CASPASE-3 no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira,Valério Alves; Czeczko,Nicolau Gregori; Ribas-Filho,Jurandir Marcondes; Malafaia,Osvaldo; Ribas,Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes; Gomes,Claudia Stein; Cunha,Regina Maria da; Cuenca,Ronaldo M.

    2009-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Analisar citofotometricamente a expressão do marcador de densidade microvascular CD-34 e de apoptose caspase-3 no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago, e correlacionar os marcadores entre si. MÉTODOS: Análise imunoistoquímica de 29 peças cirúrgicas de carcinomas epidermóides de esôfago, baseada nos índices de marcagem dos anticorpos CD-34 e caspase-3, utilizando-se sistema de citofotometria computadorizada. Comparou-se a expressão quantitativa destes marcadores, a relação entre eles, a ...

  4. RAPD analysis of Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae populations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Almeida Francisca C.

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Random amplified of polymorphic DNA (RAPD analysis was used to assess genetic distance and the genetic structure of populations of Nectomys squamipes, a semiaquatic rodent species distributed along watercourses. DNA samples of five populations were analyzed using three primers, producing 45 scorable bands, 31 of which were polymorphic. There was a significant differentiation among populations [F ST = 0.17; phiST = 0.14 (P < 0.004] but gene flow (Nm = 1.25 was sufficient to overcome genetic drift effects. No fixed specific markers were found for any population. The Mantel's test and UPGMA cluster analysis showed a lack of relationship between genetic and geographic distances. The apparent homogeneity indicated by RAPD markers coincided with morphometric data, despite the wide geographic range of N. squamipes. Alternative hypotheses for explaining our results include recurrent processes of local extinction and recolonization or a recent and sudden increase in the geographic distribution of this species.

  5. Assessing the germplasm of Laminaria (phaeophyceae) with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, Yingjun; Zou, Yuping; Wang, Xiaodong; Zheng, Zhiguo; Zhang, Daming; Duan, Delin

    2003-06-01

    Eighteen gametophytes including L. japonica, L. ochotensis and L. longissima, were verified with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Eighteen ten-base primers were chosen from 100 primers selected for final amplification test. Among the total of 205 bands amplified, 181 (88.3%) were polymorphic. The genetic distance among different strains ranged from 0.072 to 0.391. The dendrogram constructed by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic (UPGMA) method showed that the female and male gametophytes of the same cell lines could be grouped in pairs respectively. It indicated that RAPD analysis could be used not only to distinguish different strains of Laminaria, but also to distinguish male and female gametophyte within the same cell lines. There is ambiguous systematic relationship if judged merely by the present data. It seems that the use of RAPD marker is limited to elucidation of the phylogenetic relationship among the species of Laminaria.

  6. La Beta 2 Microglobulina como Marcador Tumoral.

    OpenAIRE

    Saúco Márquez, Juan José

    2016-01-01

    En el presente trabajo hemos efectuado un estudio acerca del valor que tiene la Beta 2 Microglobulina para ser empleada como marcador tumoral. Esta sustancia es una microproteína que es producida por casi todas las células del organismos excepto los eritrocitos y las células trofoblásticas, es liberada a la circulación y es filtrada a nivel glomerular siendo reabsorbida por los túbulos renales en cuyas células es catabolizada y degradada ha...

  7. Molecular heterogeneity of Malassezia pachydermatis through RAPD-PCR = Heterogeneidade molecular da Malassezia pachydermatis através de RAPD-PCR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia da Silva Nascente

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Several methodologies in molecular biology have been used in theinvestigation of Malassezia pachydermatis and its differentiation into subtypes. Recent molecular research of this species includes the use of samples isolated from canine otitis externa and dermatitis, as well as from healthy animals, having in view an epidemiologicalstudy of the yeast. The aim of this study was to identify molecular differences in M. pachydermatis samples isolated from dogs with otitis externa. The M. pachydermatis strains were analyzed by means of the Random Amplification Primer DNA - Polimerase Chain Reaction (RAPD–PCR for molecular heterogeneity research. DNA extraction was carried out with phenol-chloroform and the RAPD technique using the AGAATCCGCC primer. A variation was observed in the number and arrangement of the bands among the 49 studied isolates, grouped into nine patterns. Isolate groupings were not found to be related to animal breed, age or sex. It was concluded that M. pachydermatis has differences in its molecular profile, as shown by the molecular technique (RAPD – PCR, which allows isolates to be classified into nine subtypes.Várias metodologias em biologia molecular têm sido aplicadas para estudar a M. pachydermatis diferenciando-a em subgrupos. Recentemente utiliza-se a investigação molecular desta espécie isolada de otite externa e dermatite, e também de isolados da mesma de animais hígidos, para um estudo epidemiológico da levedura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar diferenças moleculares entre isolados de M. pachydermatis obtidos de casos de otite externa canina. Para isto, amostras da levedura provenientes de cães com esta enfermidade foram estudadas através da técnica de Polimorfismo de DNA Amplificado aoAcaso - Reação da Polimerase em Cadeia (RAPD–PCR para pesquisa de heterogeneidade molecular. A extração de DNA foi realizada no processo fenol-cloroformio e a técnica de RAPD foi estudada com o primer

  8. ( Quercus spp. ) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Quercus is one of the most important woody genera of the Northern hemisphere and considered as one of the main forest tree species in Iran. In this study, genetic relationships in the genus Quercus, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was examined. Five species, including: Quercus robur, Quercus ...

  9. Polytene chromosome maps and RAPD polymorphisms in Glossina austeni

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gariou-Papalexiou, A.; Yannopoulos, G.; Zacharopoulou, A.; Robinson, A.S.

    2000-01-01

    than standard cytological material in the interpretation of any population differences. The RAPD analysis was used to analyse three different populations of G. austeni and several primers were able to discriminate between these populations. RAPD analysis provides an easy, although sometimes problematic, access to naive genomes (Williams et al. 1990) through the use of commercial oligonucleotide primers. The pros and cons of the use of this polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based technique have been well documented (Black IV 1993) but there is now a considerable body of evidence testifying to their use in several areas of applied entomology e.g., the development of linkage maps (Hunt and Page 1995) and genetic fingerprinting (Brown et al. 1997). These studies are the first attempt to develop a set of cytological and molecular tools which can aid in the improvement of SIT intervention measures for tsetse flies. The development of a basic set of genetic tools has proved to be very useful in other insect pest species. In the Medfly, (Ceratitis capitata Wied.), strains have been synthesised which produce only males for release in SIT programmes (Robinson et al., in press)

  10. Characterization of specific random amplified polymorphic (RAPD ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    toshiba

    2013-04-10

    Apr 10, 2013 ... GGG CCA CTG T. 8. 8. 0. 97. OPY-20. AGC CGT GGA A. 7. 7. 0. 98. OPZ-13. GAC TAA GCC C. 0. 0. 0 fingerprinting differentiation was combined with bulked segregant analysis (Michelmore, et al. 1991). A total of. 98 operon RAPD primers (Almaeda, USA) were used in the first step differential screening in ...

  11. Determinação da variabilidade em isolados de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum por meio de marcadores morfológicos e culturais Determination of variability in isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum based on morphological and cultural markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Breno Oliveira de Souza

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (teleomorfo Glomerella cingulata f. sp. phaseoli apresenta ampla variabilidade genética, demonstrada por suas características morfológicas. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se caracterizar, por meio de marcadores morfológicos, diferentes isolados de C. lindemuthianum e identificar marcadores morfológicos com uso potencial em análises genéticas. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres morfológicos e culturais: cor e textura das colônias, compatibilidade vegetativa e sexual, índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial (IVCM, diâmetro colonial (DC, capacidade de esporulação (CE, dimensões e formas conidiais, dimensões dos ascósporos, formação de estruturas reprodutivas e formação de anastomoses entre hifas e conídios. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os isolados de C. lindemuthianum possuem ampla variabilidade genética para todas as características avaliadas e que a forma do conídio pode ser usada como marcador morfológico em análises genéticas.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (teleomorfo Glomerella cingulata f. sp. phaseoli presents wide genetic variability, demonstrated by its morphological traits. The objective of this study was to characterize morphological markers in different isolates of C. lindemuthianum and, to identify useful morphological markers in genetic analyses. The following morphological and cultural traits were evaluated: color and texture of the colonies, vegetative and sexual compatibility, micelial growth index (MGI, colonial diameter (CD, esporulation capacity (EC, conidia dimensions and form, ascospores dimensions and formation of reproductive structures. The data showed wide genetic variability for all traits and that conidial form can be used as morphological marker in genetic analysis.

  12. Genetic diversity in sugar apple (Annona squamosa L. by using RAPD markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Filipi Rodrigues Guimarães

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Genetic diversity in a collection of 64 sugar apple accessions collected from different municipalities in northern Minas Gerais was assessed by RAPD analysis. Using 20 selected RAPD primers 167 fragments were generated, of which 48 were polymorphic (28.7% producing an average of 2.4 polymorphic fragments per primer. Low percentage of polymorphism (< 29% was observed by using the set of primers indicating low level of genetic variation among the 64 accessions evaluated. Genetic relationships were estimated using Jaccard's coefficient of similarity. Accessions from different municipalities clustered together indicating no correlation between molecular grouping and geographical origin. The dendrogram revealed five clusters. The first cluster grouped C19 and G29 accessions collected from the municipalities of Verdelândia and Monte Azul, respectively. The second cluster grouped G16 and B11 accessions collected from the municipalities of Monte Azul and Coração de Jesus, respectively. The remaining accessions were grouped in three clusters, with 8, 15 and 37 accessions, respectively. In summary, RAPD showed a low percentage of polymorphism in the germplasm collection.

  13. Screening and characterization a RAPD marker of tobacco brown ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    RAPD) methods were used to analyze F2 individuals of 82-3041 × Yunyan 84 to screen and characterize the molecular marker linked to brown-spot resistant gene. A total of 800 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used for RAPD ...

  14. Usos marginales de los marcadores del discurso. Su efecto en la comprensión lectora en español como lengua extranjera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Fernanda Pelayo

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo abordamos lo que hemos denominado usos marginales de los marcadores del discurso y cómo afectan a la comprensión lectora en español como lengua extranjera. Tras un análisis y definición de estos usos no ortodoxos de los marcadores del discurso, realizamos una clasificación preliminar de los mismos. Finalmente, diseñamos y llevamos a cabo un estudio empírico acerca de la manera en que los usos marginales de los marcadores del discurso podrían afectar a la comprensión lectora de textos en español como lengua extranjera. Losresultados obtenidos en este estudio experimental muestran que existe una tendencia bastante generalizada que nos hace aventurarnos a concluir que efectivamente los lectores de español como lengua extranjera muestran tenerproblemas para comprender textos en los que se han empleado usos marginales de los marcadores del discurso. Por otra parte, el uso ortodoxo de los marcadores del discurso parece favorecer la comprensión adecuada del texto.

  15. Anticuerpos antitiroperoxidasa y antitransglutaminasa en familiares de primer grado de personas con diabetes tipo 1 y su relación con algunas características clínicas, bioquímicas e inmunológicas Antithyroperoxidase and antitransglutaminase antibodies in first degree relatives of type 1 diabetes persons and its relation to some clinical, biochemical and immunological features

    OpenAIRE

    Levi González Rivero; Eduardo Cabrera Rode; Silvia Elena Turcios Tristá; José Armando Galván Cabrera; Julio César Rodríguez González; Tania Espinosa Reyes; Pedro González Fernández; Manuel Vera González; Celeste Arranz Calzado; Oscar Díaz Horta

    2010-01-01

    INTRODUCCIÓN: los anticuerpos antitiroperoxidasa (AcTPO) y antitransglutaminasa (ATGt) son útiles marcadores de enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune y enfermedad celíaca, respectivamente. Su presencia en familiares de primer grado de personas con diabetes tipo 1 no se ha descrito en Cuba. OBJETIVO: determinar las frecuencias de los AcTPO y ATGt en familiares de primer grado de personas con diabetes tipo 1 y su relación con algunas características clínicas, bioquímicas e inmunológicas. MÉTODOS: en u...

  16. Análisis socíolíngüístíco de los marcadores discursivos en la comunidad de habla barranquillera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ANDRÉS VÁSQUEZ CANTILLO

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente articulo forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre los mareadores dise ursiuas en elhabla de laciudad de Barranquilla. En él expondremos, desde un punto de vista variacionista, la caracterización de dichos marcadores, partiendo, por un lado, del análisis de las narrativas cotidianas (géneros discursivos como epicentros lingüísticos en los que se realizan con mayor facilidad tales marcas discursivas, y. por otro, las variables sociales que las generan. El propósito central del mismo esdeterminar, tanto a nivel discursivo como social, el funcionamiento de tales marcas en esta comunidad de habla, ylos tipos de conocimiento lingülstico-discursivo-social que los hablantes tienen de ellos. Como quiera que los marcadores discursivos constituyen estrategias comunicativas que hacen posible la interrelación de los individuos en el proceso de socialización, hemos considerado apropiado lacualificación como técnica de análisis. Este procedimiento (la cualificación implica estudiar lafunna ylafunción de dichas unidades en el contexto de enunciación, su organización y clasificación, así como las estructuras discursivas: narrativa, expositiva, descriptiva, y argumentativa, donde aparecen estas particulas.

  17. Biological effects and RAPD analysis of alfalfa (medicago sativa L.) irradiated by fast neutrons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han Weibo; Zhang Yuexue; Tang Fenglan; Liu Jielin; Liu Fengqi; Shang Chen; Kong Fuquan; Wang Xiao; Liu Luxiang

    2011-01-01

    Dry seeds of alfalfa variety Zhaodong were irradiated by fast neutrons generated by linear accelerator with three fluences, 3.60 × 10 11 , 7.10 × 10 11 and 3.54 × 10 12 /cm 2 respectively. Seed germination, growth, and RAPD analysis on the mutation were reported in this study. The results showed that germination vigor and germination rate of irradiated seeds were higher than those of control, but seedling height and root length were reduced with the increase of fluences. When the dosages reached 3.54 × 10 12 /cm 2 , seedling root length decreased by 81.63% compared with the control, but the seedling didn't grow any true leaves except for cotyledon. 36 primers were used in RAPD analysis, and the results showed that the RAPD polymorphic loci rate was 7.25%, 6.52% and 5.80% among the 3.60 × 10 11 /cm 2 , 7.10 × 10 11 /cm 2 and 3.54 × 10 12 /cm 2 treated M 1 plants. RAPD polymorphic loci rate in the 3.60 × 10 11 /cm 2 treated plants was the highest among three treatment. It is concluded that 3.60 × 10 11 /cm 2 could be on optimum fluences for a alfalfa mutation by fast neutrons. (authors)

  18. Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Date Palm (Phoenix ‎dactylifera L.) by using RAPD Technique

    OpenAIRE

    Muhanned Abdul Hasan Kareem; Ali Hmood Al-Saadi ‎; Hassan Fadhil Naji

    2018-01-01

    In this study provided all molecular markers of Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) successfully with the sixty five Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, which collected from Hilla city in Iraq, to determine fingerprinting, polymorphic value, and relationships among varieties of date palm cultivars, and also with the same type of cultivars. Data analysis of ten RAPD has been revealed. Number of amplified DNA fragments were (592) bands, polymorphism per all primers were (%64.2),...

  19. Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Date Palm (Phoenix ‎dactylifera L.) by using RAPD Technique

    OpenAIRE

    Muhanned Abdul Hasan; Ali ‎ Hmood Al-Saadi; Hassan Fadhil Naji

    2017-01-01

    In this study provided all molecular markers of Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) successfully with the sixty five Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, which collected from Hilla city in Iraq, to determine fingerprinting, polymorphic value, and relationships among varieties of date palm cultivars, and also with the same type of cultivars. Data analysis of ten RAPD has been revealed. Number of amplified DNA fragments were (592) bands, polymorphism per all primers were (%64.2),...

  20. Estomatitis aftosa recurrente: Determinación de marcadores de inmunidad celular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amparo Pérez Borrego

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available La estomatitis aftosa recurrente, aftosis oral o aftas, es la enfermedad más frecuente de todas las lesiones de la mucosa oral. Su etiopatogenia no es completamente conocida, pero se citan factores genéticos, alimentarios, infecciosos, alérgicos, medicamentosos, traumáticos e inmunológicos. Estudiamos 51 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Pediátrico " William Soler", que padecen de esta enfermedad para valorar el estado de inmunocompetencia celular mediante la determinación del porcentaje de células formadoras de rosetas activas y espontáneas. La edad promedio en nuestro grupo fue de 12 años, ambos sexos se afectaron por igual, y se encontró un predominio franco de los enfermos de raza blanca sobre los de raza negra. El 73 % de los enfermos mostró afectación al menos de un marcador de inmunorrespuesta, 25 pacientes tuvieron ambos marcadores por debajo de lo normal y 12 casos presentaron alteración en uno de los dos. Se concluye que la enfermedad se asocia con defectos de la inmunidad celular, lo cual debe considerarse al indicar tratamiento, teniendo en cuenta que hasta el momento no disponemos de ninguna droga curativa.Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral aphthosis or aphthae is the most frequent of all oral mucosal membrane diseases. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not totally known but genetic, food, infectious, allergic, drug, trauma and immunological factors are involved. We studied 51 patients who suffered from this disease and were seen at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of "William Soler" Pediatric Hospital. Our objective was to assess the cell immunocompetence by determining the percentage of active and spontaneous rosette-forming cells. The average age of the group was 12 years, both sexes were equally affected but white patients greatly prevailed over black patients. At least one immunoresponse marker of 73% of the patients was affected; 25 patients had both markers under the

  1. RAPD markers for screening shoot gall maker (Betousa stylophora Swinhoe tolerant genotypes of amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sethuraman Thilaga

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Phyllanthus emblica Linn. is the most important medicinally useful tree crop in Asian Subcontinent and is severely infested by Betousa stylophora Swinhoe, known as shoot gall maker (SGM. This pest tunnels the shoots of seedlings and actively growing branches of trees and develops gall, leading to stunted growth, unusual branching and death of actively growing shoots. Our study revealed that trees possessing smooth bark were free from the attack of this pest than those with rough bark surface. Unfortunately, this character is not detectable either at seedling stage or during early growth of trees in the orchard. RAPD genetic fingerprinting of trees possessing smooth and rough bark revealed distinguishable and highly reproducible DNA banding pattern between the two genotypes. Of the 20 RAPD primers tested, five of them produced distinguishable RAPD bands between rough and smooth barked genotypes of P. emblica. Trees with smooth bark produced five unique RAPD bands with molecular weight ranging from 350 bp to 1500 bp and those with rough bark produced six RAPD bands (350 bp–650 bp to utilize these DNA bands as potential DNA marker for screening tolerant genotypes of this crop against SGM. The utility of this finding in genetic improvement of this tree crop against SGM is discussed.

  2. Rapid identification of dairy lactic acid bacteria by M13-generated, RAPD-PCR fingerprint databases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rossetti, Lia; Giraffa, Giorgio

    2005-11-01

    About a thousand lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from dairy products, especially cheeses, were identified and typed by species-specific PCR and RAPD-PCR, respectively. RAPD-PCR profiles, which were obtained by using the M13 sequence as a primer, allowed us to implement a large database of different fingerprints, which were analysed by BioNumerics software. Cluster analysis of the combined RAPD-PCR fingerprinting profiles enabled us to implement a library, which is a collection of library units, which in turn is a selection of representative database entries. A library unit, in this case, can be considered to be a definable taxon. The strains belonged to 11 main RAPD-PCR fingerprinting library units identified as Lactobacillus casei/paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis. The possibility to routinely identify newly typed, bacterial isolates by consulting the library of the software was valued. The proposed method could be suggested to refine previous strain identifications, eliminate redundancy and dispose of a technologically useful LAB strain collection. The same approach could also be applied to identify LAB strains isolated from other food ecosystems.

  3. Analogy of ISSR and RAPD markers for comparative analysis of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Analogy of ISSR and RAPD markers for comparative analysis of genetic diversity among different Jatropha curcas genotypes. S Gupta, M Srivastava, GP Mishra, PK Naik, RS Chauhan, SK Tiwari, M Kumar, R Singh ...

  4. High-resolution melt-curve analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-HRM) for the characterisation of pathogenic leptospires

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tulsiani, Suhella; Craig, S B; Graham, G C

    2010-01-01

    as well as inter-serovar divergence between strains of different serovars. The results indicate that intra-serovar heterogeneity and inter-serovar homogeneity may limit the application of RAPD-HRM in routine diagnostics. They also indicate that genetic attenuation of aged, high-passage-number isolates...... could undermine the use of RAPD-HRM or any other molecular technology. Such genetic attenuation may account for a general decrease seen in titres of rabbit hyperimmune antibodies over time. Before RAPD-HRM can be further advanced as a routine diagnostic tool, strains more representative of the wild...

  5. DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DE MARACUYÁ EN GUATEMALA REVELADA POR MARCADORES AFLP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Melina Ponciano-Samayoa

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Diversidad genética de maracuyá en Guatemala revelada por marcadores AFLP. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron caracterizar con AFLP nueve genotipos colectados en Guatemala y determinar la diversidad genética existente. En el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Agrícolas (ICTA, en el período julio 2010/mayo 2011, se realizó este análisis preliminar amplifi cando diez combinaciones selectivas con las que se detectaron 106 polimorfi smos. Las combinaciones selectivas E+ACG/M+CAG, E+ACA/M+CTA, E+ACT/M+CTG y E+AAC/M+CTT dieron el mayor grado de información. En promedio se visualizaron diez loci por amplifi cación selectiva. El análisis de similaridad reveló que los genotipos no están duplicados. Los análisis de correspondencia y conglomerados identifi caron dos grupos bien defi nidos. El primero incluyó a los materiales de P. edulis f. edulis Sims y el segundo a los materiales de P. edulis f. fl avicarpa Degener. La diversidad genética de Nei para la colección fue 0,3160. La diferenciación genética (Gst fue 0,2542. El 25,42% de la diversidad se expresó entre grupos mientras que el 74,58% dentro de estos. Los resultados dan evidencia de la cercanía evolutiva de los tipos amarilla y morada de P. edulis Sims. El fl ujo genético fue alto (Nm=1,4670 como se esperaba en una especie alógama en la que se favorece el intercambio inter e intraespecífi co.

  6. RAPD-SCAR marker and genetic relationship analysis of three Demodex species (Acari: Demodicidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Ya-E; Wu, Li-Ping

    2012-06-01

    For a long time, classification of Demodex mites has been mainly based on their hosts and phenotype characteristics. The study was the first to conduct molecular identification and genetic relationship analysis for six isolates of three Demodex species by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Totally, 239 DNA fragments were amplified from six Demodex isolates with 10 random primers in RAPD, of which 165 were polymorphic. Using a single primer, at least five fragments and at most 40 in the six isolates were amplified, whereas within a single isolate, a range of 35-49 fragments were amplified. DNA fingerprints of primers CZ 1-9 revealed intra- and interspecies difference in six Demodex isolates, whereas primer CZ 10 only revealed interspecies difference. The genetic distance and dendrogram showed the intraspecific genetic distances were closer than the interspecific genetic distances. The interspecific genetic distances of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex canis (0.7931-0.8140) were shorter than that of Demodex brevis and D. canis (0.8182-0.8987). The RAPD-SCAR marker displayed primer CZ 10 could be applied to identify the three Demodex species. The 479-bp fragment was specific for D. brevis, and the 261-bp fragment was specific for D. canis. The conclusion was that the RAPD-SCAR multi-marker was effective in molecular identification of three Demodex species. The genetic relationship between D. folliculorum and D. canis was nearer than that between D. folliculorum and D. brevis.

  7. Genetic diversity analysis of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe by RAPD collected from subcontinent of India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ashraf, Kamran; Ahmad, Altaf; Chaudhary, Anis; Mujeeb, Mohd; Ahmad, Sayeed; Amir, Mohd; Mallick, N

    2014-04-01

    The present investigation was undertaken for the assessment of 12 accessions of Zingiber officinale Rosc. collected from subcontinent of India by RAPD markers. DNA was isolated using CTAB method. Thirteen out of twenty primers screened were informative and produced 275 amplification products, among which 261 products (94.90%) were found to be polymorphic. The percentage polymorphism of all 12 accessions ranged from 88.23% to 100%. Most of the RAPD markers studied showed different levels of genetic polymorphism. The data of 275 RAPD bands were used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA. Results showed that ginger undergoes genetic variation due to a wide range of ecological conditions. This investigation was an understanding of genetic variation within the accessions. It will also provide an important input into determining resourceful management strategies and help to breeders for ginger improvement program.

  8. Determinación de la variabilidad genética entre aislamientos de Rosellinia sp. Rosellinia bunodes y Rosellinia pepo mediante la técnica de amplificación aleatoria de polimorfismos de DNA (RAPD y análisis de los espaciadores de transcritos internos (ITSS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Andrés López Quintero

    2004-07-01

    bunodes en los dendrogramas tanto de RAPD como de ITS1. Sin embargo, el alto grado de polimorfismo (>80% observado en el análisis de RAPD para las tres especies, está correlacionado con el aumento progresivo de las enfermedades en los cultivos de café, papa y cacao, con la procedencia geográfica de las cepas y con la alta divergencia encontrada en otros miembros de la familia Xylariaceae en el trópico. Ya que las regiones rDNA-ITS muestran un alto nivel de polimorfismo interespecífico y múltiples copias en el genoma celular, son un buen candidato para el diseño de iniciadores especie-específicos. Por tanto, las secuencias de las regiones ITS1 e ITS2 permitieron el desarrollo de iniciadores de PCR específicos para detectar y diferenciar Rosellinia sp. de otras especies, constituyéndose en un sistema de diagnóstico del patógeno en suelo y material vegetal. Se sugieren iniciadores específicos para Rosellinia pepo y Rosellinia bunodes que serán probados en ensayos posteriores.

  9. Expressão citofotométrica dos marcadores tumorais CD-34 e fator VIII no câncer de cólon

    OpenAIRE

    Garcia,Cacilda Joyce Ferreira da Silva; Cuenca,Ronaldo M.; Bora,Fabio Roberto; Ribas-Filho,Jurandir Marcondes; Czeczko,Nicolau Gregori; Ribas,Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes; Wagenführ Jr.,Jorge

    2009-01-01

    OBJETIVOS: Verificar a posssibilidade de quantificar a expressão dos marcadores tumorais CD-34 e Fator VIII no câncer de cólon; verificar se existe superioridade entre um marcador e outro para estudo da angiogênese; verificar se há correlação na análise do índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica média nos marcadores utilizados. MÉTODOS: Dezessete casos de adenocarcinoma colorretal recuperados de blocos de parafina e confirmados pela hematoxilina-eosina, foram submetidos à coloração imunoistoq...

  10. Marcadores virológicos no convencionales en pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana: ADN HIV-T, ADN HIV- 2LTR y ARN de HIV Non conventional virological markers in HIV-infected patients: T-HIV DNA, 2LTR-HIV DNA and HIV RNA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosana Gariglio

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available La terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia (TAAE induce una reducción marcada y persistente de la viremia plasmática, contribuyendo a disminuir la mortalidad y morbilidad de los pacientes HIV-positivos. Así, la carga viral (CV es el método de referencia para evaluar la eficacia terapéutica. Sin embargo, aun en presencia de una TAAE eficiente no se ha logrado la erradicación viral. En este estudio analizamos la presencia del ADN total de HIV (ADN HIV-T, del ADN no integrado con 2LTR (ADN HIV-2LTR y del ARN de HIV, en un grupo de 55 pacientes HIV-positivos en distintos estadios clínicos, con y sin TAAE, mediante ensayos de PCR con revelado colorimétrico en microplaca, optimizados en nuestro laboratorio. La sensibilidad clínica del ARN del HIV fue evaluada con el bDNA, resultando del 74% y del 64%, respectivamente, con una concordancia del 85%. Este ensayo podría ser utilizado en el seguimiento de pacientes bajo TAAE. El ADN HIV-2LTR resultó positivo en el 54% aunque estuvo ausente en pacientes con elevada CV. Este marcador se consideraba un producto lábil y su presencia se asociaba a infección reciente. Sin embargo, actuales evidencias ponen en discusión su estabilidad por lo que su significado clínico debe ser reconsiderado. La ausencia del ADN HIV-2LTR en pacientes con CV detectable puede relacionarse con la heterogeneidad de la secuencia utilizada para su detección. El ADN HIV-T estuvo presente en el 100% de las muestras y resultaría relevante como marcador de remisión cuando se dispongan de terapias que efectivamente erradiquen la infección.Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART induces a persistent reduction of the plasmatic viremia, contributing to decrease mortality and morbidity of infected people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV. Thus, viral load (VL is the reference method to evaluate therapy effectiveness. However, even in the presence of efficient HAART viral eradication was yet not achieved. In this

  11. La infección por el virus del papiloma humano, un posible marcador biológico de comportamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez-Alemán Miguel A

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH en estudiantes universitarios y utilizar dicha frecuencia como un marcador biológico para evaluar el comportamiento sexual. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, en estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, México, durante el periodo 2000-2001. Se aplicó un cuestionario y se colectaron muestras genitales para detectar ADN de los VPH oncogénicos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando pruebas de Ji cuadrada y razones de momios. Resultados. La prevalencia global del VPH en 194 estudiantes fue de 14.4%. Las mujeres con dos o más parejas sexuales durante el último año presentaron mayor riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 6.0 IC 1.7-21.1, al igual que las que utilizaron anticonceptivos hormonales y espermicidas en su última relación sexual (RM 3.0 IC 1.0-8.7. Los hombres que consumieron cocaína tuvieron más riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 7.6 IC 1.3-45.1. Conclusiones. La prevalencia del VPH es relativamente alta. La utilización del VPH como un marcador biológico de comportamientos sexuales en mujeres es pertinente; en hombres, es necesario ampliar la muestra.

  12. Study On Application Of Molecular Techniques (RAPD-PCR And RAMP-PCR) To Detect Mutation In Rice Breeding

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoang Thi My Linh; Phan, D. T. Son; Nguyen Thi Vang; Nguyen, T. T. Hien; Le XuanTham

    2007-01-01

    The project was carried out in 2007 with the purpose of consideration for using the two simple and inexpensive molecular techniques to estimate changes in DNA of rice mutant after gamma irradiation. Three rice cultivars: Basmati370, Tam Thom (TT1), IR64 and three gamma irradiated mutants BDS, TDS and VND 95-20 respectively, were used. Suitable DNA extraction procedure was obtained. PCR optimization was conducted on three important factors including: amount of MgCl 2 , DNA concentration and annealing temperature. 2.5 mM of MgCl 2 for RAPD-PCR and 3.75 mM for RAMP-PCR were found the best. 40 ng DNA provided a good amplification for RAMP-PCR; this figure was 50 ng for RAPD-PCR. Annealing temperatures were determined at 36 o C for RAPD primer and at 55±3 o C for Microsatellite primer. Final results showed that, both RAPD-PCR and RAMP-PCR could detect changes in DNA of rice mutants after gamma irradiation compared to their parents. Percentage of DNA changes determined by RAPD-PCR and RAMP-PCR on Basmati370 and its mutant BDS were 11.49% and 21.2% respectively; These on TT1 and TDS were 8.98% and 15.4%; and on IR64 and VND 95-20 were 3.45% and 4.95%. (author)

  13. Expressão dos marcadores tumorais CD-34 e CASPASE-3 no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valério Alves Ferreira

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar citofotometricamente a expressão do marcador de densidade microvascular CD-34 e de apoptose caspase-3 no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago, e correlacionar os marcadores entre si. MÉTODOS: Análise imunoistoquímica de 29 peças cirúrgicas de carcinomas epidermóides de esôfago, baseada nos índices de marcagem dos anticorpos CD-34 e caspase-3, utilizando-se sistema de citofotometria computadorizada. Comparou-se a expressão quantitativa destes marcadores, a relação entre eles, a relação com a idade dos pacientes, tamanho das lesões e classificação TNM. RESULTADOS: O valor da mediana do índice de marcagem do CD-34 foi de 72,6% e o da caspase-3 de 96,5%. Não se obteve significância estatística na correlação destes marcadores com o tamanho tumoral ou com a idade dos pacientes. Houve discreta tendência à correlação positiva entre o CD-34 e a classificação TNM. O marcador caspase-3, apesar de apresentar maior índice de marcagem que o CD-34 nestes tumores, não revelou nenhuma correlação com as variáveis estudadas. A correlação entre o CD-34 e a caspase-3 apresentou tênue tendência positiva. CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os marcadores têm boa expressão no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago, onde o CD-34 tem menor expressividade que a caspase-3 e os mesmos não apresentam correlação entre si.

  14. Genetic diversity in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) landraces from Zimbabwe revealed by RAPD and SSR markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mujaju, C; Sehic, J; Werlemark, G; Garkava-Gustavsson, L; Fatih, M; Nybom, H

    2010-08-01

    Low polymorphism in cultivated watermelon has been reported in previous studies, based mainly on US Plant Introductions and watermelon cultivars, most of which were linked to breeding programmes associated with disease resistance. Since germplasm sampled in a putative centre of origin in southern Africa may harbour considerably higher variability, DNA marker-based diversity was estimated among 81 seedlings from eight accessions of watermelon collected in Zimbabwe; five accessions of cow-melons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) and three of sweet watermelons (C. lanatus var. lanatus). Two molecular marker methods were used, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) also known as microsatellite DNA. Ten RAPD primers produced 138 markers of which 122 were polymorphic. Nine SSR primer pairs detected a total of 43 alleles with an average of 4.8 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.47 to 0.77 for the RAPD primers and from 0.39 to 0.97 for the SSR loci. Similarity matrices obtained with SSR and RAPD, respectively, were highly correlated but only RAPD was able to provide each sample with an individual-specific DNA profile. Dendrograms and multidimensional scaling (MDS) produced two major clusters; one with the five cow-melon accessions and the other with the three sweet watermelon accessions. One of the most variable cow-melon accessions took an intermediate position in the MDS analysis, indicating the occurrence of gene flow between the two subspecies. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) attributed most of the variability to within-accessions, and contrary to previous reports, sweet watermelon accessions apparently contain diversity of the same magnitude as the cow-melons.

  15. RAPD-based detection of genomic instability in cucumber plants ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    STORAGESEVER

    2009-07-20

    Jul 20, 2009 ... 2School of biology and Environmental Sciences, Belfield, Dublin 4, ... detectable differences between the somatic embryo derived plants compared to their F1 parents in the. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) test using five primers ... The mixture was allowed to thaw and ice-cold polyvinyl-.

  16. Performance of optimized McRAPD in identification of 9 yeast species frequently isolated from patient samples: potential for automation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trtkova, Jitka; Pavlicek, Petr; Ruskova, Lenka; Hamal, Petr; Koukalova, Dagmar; Raclavsky, Vladislav

    2009-11-10

    Rapid, easy, economical and accurate species identification of yeasts isolated from clinical samples remains an important challenge for routine microbiological laboratories, because susceptibility to antifungal agents, probability to develop resistance and ability to cause disease vary in different species. To overcome the drawbacks of the currently available techniques we have recently proposed an innovative approach to yeast species identification based on RAPD genotyping and termed McRAPD (Melting curve of RAPD). Here we have evaluated its performance on a broader spectrum of clinically relevant yeast species and also examined the potential of automated and semi-automated interpretation of McRAPD data for yeast species identification. A simple fully automated algorithm based on normalized melting data identified 80% of the isolates correctly. When this algorithm was supplemented by semi-automated matching of decisive peaks in first derivative plots, 87% of the isolates were identified correctly. However, a computer-aided visual matching of derivative plots showed the best performance with average 98.3% of the accurately identified isolates, almost matching the 99.4% performance of traditional RAPD fingerprinting. Since McRAPD technique omits gel electrophoresis and can be performed in a rapid, economical and convenient way, we believe that it can find its place in routine identification of medically important yeasts in advanced diagnostic laboratories that are able to adopt this technique. It can also serve as a broad-range high-throughput technique for epidemiological surveillance.

  17. Insight into the genomic diversity and relationship of Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts by RAPD, ERIC-PCR, and AFLP fingerprinting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gnat, Sebastian; Małek, Wanda; Oleńska, Ewa; Trościańczyk, Aleksandra; Wdowiak-Wróbel, Sylwia; Kalita, Michał; Wójcik, Magdalena

    2015-11-01

    We assessed the genomic diversity and genomic relationship of 28 Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts by three methodologies based on PCR reaction, i.e., RAPD, ERIC-PCR, and AFLP. The AFLP method with one PstI restriction enzyme and selective PstI-GC primer pair had a comparable discriminatory power as ERIC-PCR one and these fingerprinting techniques distinguished among the studied 28 A. glycyphyllos symbionts 18 and 17 genomotypes, respectively. RAPD method was less discriminatory in the genomotyping of rhizobia analyzed and it efficiently resolved nine genomotypes. The cluster analysis of RAPD, ERIC-PCR, and AFLP profiles resulted in a generally similar grouping of the test strains on generated dendrograms supporting a great potential of these DNA fingerprinting techniques for study of genomic polymorphism and evolutionary relationship of A. glycyphyllos nodulators. The RAPD, ERIC-PCR, and AFLP pattern similarity coefficients between A. glycyphyllos symbionts studied was in the ranges 8-100, 18-100, and 23-100%, respectively.

  18. RAPD and SSR Polymorphisms in Mutant Lines of Transgenic Wheat Mediated by Low Energy Ion Beam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Tiegu; Huang Qunce; Feng Weisen

    2007-01-01

    Two types of markers-random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat DNA (SSR)-have been used to characterize the genetic diversity among nine mutant lines of transgenic wheat intermediated by low energy ion beam and their four receptor cultivars. The objectives of this study were to analyze RAPD-based and SSR-based genetic variance among transgenic wheat lines and with their receptors, and to find specific genetic markers of special traits of transgenic wheat lines. 170 RAPD primers were amplified to 733 fragments in all the experimental materials. There were 121 polymorphic fragments out of the 733 fragments with a ratio of polymorphic fragments of 16.5%. 29 SSR primer pairs were amplified to 83 fragments in all the experiment materials. There were 57 polymorphic fragments out of the 83 fragments with a ratio of polymorphic fragments of 68.7%. The dendrograms were prepared based on a genetic distance matrix using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-group Method with Arithmetic averaging) algorithm, which corresponded well to the results of the wheat pedigree analysis and separated the 13 genotypes into four groups. Association analysis between RAPD and SSR markers with the special traits of transgenic wheat mutant lines discovered that three RAPD markers, s1, opt-16, and f14, were significantly associated with the muticate trait, while three SSR markers, Rht8 (Xgwm261), Rht-B1b, and Rht-D1b, highly associated with the dwarf trait. These markers will be useful for marker-assistant breeding and can be used as candidate markers for further gene mapping and cloning

  19. RAPD and SSR Polymorphisms in Mutant Lines of Transgenic Wheat Mediated by Low Energy Ion Beam

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Tiegu; Huang, Qunce; Feng, Weisen

    2007-10-01

    Two types of markers-random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat DNA (SSR)-have been used to characterize the genetic diversity among nine mutant lines of transgenic wheat intermediated by low energy ion beam and their four receptor cultivars. The objectives of this study were to analyze RAPD-based and SSR-based genetic variance among transgenic wheat lines and with their receptors, and to find specific genetic markers of special traits of transgenic wheat lines. 170 RAPD primers were amplified to 733 fragments in all the experimental materials. There were 121 polymorphic fragments out of the 733 fragments with a ratio of polymorphic fragments of 16.5%. 29 SSR primer pairs were amplified to 83 fragments in all the experiment materials. There were 57 polymorphic fragments out of the 83 fragments with a ratio of polymorphic fragments of 68.7%. The dendrograms were prepared based on a genetic distance matrix using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-group Method with Arithmetic averaging) algorithm, which corresponded well to the results of the wheat pedigree analysis and separated the 13 genotypes into four groups. Association analysis between RAPD and SSR markers with the special traits of transgenic wheat mutant lines discovered that three RAPD markers, s1, opt-16, and f14, were significantly associated with the muticate trait, while three SSR markers, Rht8 (Xgwm261), Rht-B1b, and Rht-D1b, highly associated with the dwarf trait. These markers will be useful for marker-assistant breeding and can be used as candidate markers for further gene mapping and cloning.

  20. RAPD and SSR Polymorphisms in Mutant Lines of Transgenic Wheat Mediated by Low Energy Ion Beam

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tiegu, Wang [Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 (China); Qunce, Huang [Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 (China); Weisen, Feng [Luoyang Institute of Agricultural Science, Luoyang 471022 (China)

    2007-10-15

    Two types of markers-random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat DNA (SSR)-have been used to characterize the genetic diversity among nine mutant lines of transgenic wheat intermediated by low energy ion beam and their four receptor cultivars. The objectives of this study were to analyze RAPD-based and SSR-based genetic variance among transgenic wheat lines and with their receptors, and to find specific genetic markers of special traits of transgenic wheat lines. 170 RAPD primers were amplified to 733 fragments in all the experimental materials. There were 121 polymorphic fragments out of the 733 fragments with a ratio of polymorphic fragments of 16.5%. 29 SSR primer pairs were amplified to 83 fragments in all the experiment materials. There were 57 polymorphic fragments out of the 83 fragments with a ratio of polymorphic fragments of 68.7%. The dendrograms were prepared based on a genetic distance matrix using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-group Method with Arithmetic averaging) algorithm, which corresponded well to the results of the wheat pedigree analysis and separated the 13 genotypes into four groups. Association analysis between RAPD and SSR markers with the special traits of transgenic wheat mutant lines discovered that three RAPD markers, s1, opt-16, and f14, were significantly associated with the muticate trait, while three SSR markers, Rht8 (Xgwm261), Rht-B1b, and Rht-D1b, highly associated with the dwarf trait. These markers will be useful for marker-assistant breeding and can be used as candidate markers for further gene mapping and cloning.

  1. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris in Northwest India revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ASHWANI KUMAR

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Kumar A, Verma N. 2012. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris in Northwest India revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 13: 107-113. Several DNA marker systems and associated techniques are available today for fingerprinting of plant varieties. A total of 5 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers were used. Amplification of genomic DNA of the 6 genotypes, using RAPD analysis, yielded 164 fragments that could be scored, of which 47 were polymorphic, with an average of 9.4 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with random primers ranged from 6 (AKR-1 to 10 (AKR-4 and varied in size from 200 bp to 2,500 bp. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 16% (AKR-4 to a maximum of 41% (AKR-4, with an average of 29.6%. The 8 ISSR primers used in the study produced 327 bands across 6 genotypes, of which 114 were polymorphic. The number of amplified bands varied from 7 (ISSR 7 to 12 (ISSR 1&3, with a size range of 250-2,800 bp. The average numbers of bands per primer and polymorphic bands per primer were 40.87 and 14.25, respectively. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 24% (ISSR 4 to 53.84% (ISSR 2, with an average percentage polymorphism of 35.59% across all the genotypes. The 3′-anchored primers based on poly (AC and poly (AT motifs produced high average polymorphisms of 53.84% and 40.81%, respectively. ISSR markers were more efficient than the RAPD assay, as they detected 35.59% polymorphic DNA markers in Tribulus terrestris as compared to 29.6% for RAPD markers. Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrogram were compared, whereas the pattern of clustering of the genotypes remained more or less the same in ISSR and combined data of RAPD and ISSR.

  2. An evaluation of a diagnostic test to identify the sex of farmed rainbow trout, using sex-specific molecular markers Evaluación de un test diagnóstico para identificar el sexo en truchas arcoíris por medio de marcadores moleculares específicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María E López

    2012-11-01

    polimorfismos entre los sexos en esta especie. Con ambos marcadores se genotipificaron 131 truchas para evaluar su asociación con el sexo fenotípico. Para determinar la utilidad en diagnóstico del sexo de cada marcador SCAR por separado, y en conjunto, se determinó la especificidad, sensibilidad y valores predictivos en la detección de un individuo de sexo femenino. Se comprobó la asociación significativa descrita para ambos SCAR con el sexo fenotípico. La mayor sensibilidad y valores predictivos positivo y negativo se obtuvo usando ambos marcadores simultáneamente (95,7; 77,4 y 94,4%; respectivamente. El valor de razón de verosimilitud (LR+ =3,43 mostró que la mejor prueba de diagnóstico para detectar hembras es usar conjuntamente OmyP9 y Omy163.

  3. Genetic Diversity of Rose germplasm based on RAPD analysis

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    AHSAN IQBAL

    2012-06-12

    Jun 12, 2012 ... identification and analysis of genetic variation within a collection of 4 species and 30 accessions of rose using RAPD analysis technique. The results showed the molecular distinctions among the ... that range in colour from white and yellow to many shades of pink and red have been developed. Since.

  4. Unraveling the efficiency of RAPD and SSR markers in diversity analysis and population structure estimation in common bean.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zargar, Sajad Majeed; Farhat, Sufia; Mahajan, Reetika; Bhakhri, Ayushi; Sharma, Arjun

    2016-01-01

    Increase in food production viz-a-viz quality of food is important to feed the growing human population to attain food as well as nutritional security. The availability of diverse germplasm of any crop is an important genetic resource to mine the genes that may assist in attaining food as well as nutritional security. Here we used 15 RAPD and 23 SSR markers to elucidate diversity among 51 common bean genotypes mostly landraces collected from the Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. We observed that both the markers are highly polymorphic. The discriminatory power of these markers was determined using various parameters like; percent polymorphism, PIC, resolving power and marker index. 15 RAPDs produced 171 polymorphic bands, while 23 SSRs produced 268 polymorphic bands. SSRs showed a higher PIC value (0.300) compared to RAPDs (0.243). Further the resolving power of SSRs was 5.241 compared to 3.86 for RAPDs. However, RAPDs showed a higher marker index (2.69) compared to SSRs (1.279) that may be attributed to their higher multiplex ratio. The dendrograms generated with hierarchical UPGMA cluster analysis grouped genotypes into two main clusters with various degrees of sub clustering within the cluster. Here we observed that both the marker systems showed comparable accuracy in grouping genotypes of common bean according to their area of cultivation. The model based STRUCTURE analysis using 15 RAPD and 23 SSR markers identified a population with 3 sub-populations which corresponds to distance based groupings. High level of genetic diversity was observed within the population. These findings have further implications in common bean breeding as well as conservation programs.

  5. Efecto de la terapia UVB de banda estrecha sobre la síntesis de vitamina D y los parámetros de síndrome metabólico en pacientes con psoriasis moderada y grave

    OpenAIRE

    Romaní de Gabriel, Jorge

    2013-01-01

    La psoriasis es una enfermedad cutánea crónica que ha sido relacionada con el síndrome metabólico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar en pacientes con psoriasis la presencia de alteraciones en parámetros antropométricos y marcadores séricos relacionados con el síndrome metabólico, y su modificación tras un tratamiento con ultravioleta B de banda estrecha. Comparamos a 50 pacientes con psoriasis con 50 controles emparejados por sus características antropométricas (edad, sexo e índice de m...

  6. Los niveles de ferritina y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular se correlacionan con mayor tiempo sedentario auto-reportado en hombres aparentemente sanos Ferritin levels and cardiovascular risk markers correlate with higher self-reported sedentary time in apparently healthy men

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milton F Suárez

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: evaluar la correlación entre las concentraciones séricas de ferritina y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular con el tiempo de actividad física y sedentarismo auto-reportados en hombres aparentemente sanos. Métodos: se incluyeron 69 hombres pertenecientes a tres empresas de servicio privado y público del área metropolitana de Cali, Colombia, con edades entre 25 y 64 años. Se aplicó la versión corta del International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ y se agruparon cuatro categorías de actividad física: 1. Minutos actividad física intensa (AFI/semana. 2. Minutos actividad física moderada (AFM/semana. 3. Minutos caminata/semana. 4. Minutos sentado/día. Los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular se definieron con base en los criterios del ATP-III y la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Resultados: se encontraron correlaciones positivas en los sujetos que auto-reportaban mayor tiempo en actividades sedentarias según la categoría del IPAQ (minutos promedio sentado/día en los indicadores antropométricos: porcentaje de grasa corporal (rho=0,249, pObjective: to evaluate the correlation between serum ferritin and cardiovascular risk markers with the time of self-reported physical activity and sedentary life style in apparently healthy men. Methods: we included 69 men from three private and public companies in the metropolitan area of Cali, Colombia, aged between 25 and 64. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ was applied, and were grouped in four categories of physical activity: 1. Minutes of intense physical activity (IFA/week. 2. Minutes of moderate physical activity (MFA/week. 3. Minutes of walk/week. 4. Minutes of sitting/day. Cardiovascular risk markers were defined based on the criteria of the ATP-III and the International Diabetes Federation. Results: positive correlations were found in subjects who self-reported more time in sedentary activities according to the IPAQ

  7. Análisis de variantes de HPV-16 como marcador molecular antropólogico

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    Badano, Ines

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El Virus Papiloma Humano tipo 16 (HPV16 es el principal responsable del desarrollo del cáncer de cuello uterino. Además de su significado clínico, el estudio de la variación genética en las regiones E6, L1 y LCR de este virus ha permitido identificar variantes específicas de diferentes áreas geográficas. Este descubrimiento sugiere una antigua propagación del HPV16 y su coevolución con el género humano. En este contexto, las variantes podrían servir como marcador molecular antropológico, aportando nuevos datos al análisis de patrones migratorios humanos. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las variantes de HPV16 en las regiones genéticas E6 y L1 que infectan mujeres guaraníes de Misiones. Para ello se analizaron 39 muestras de cepillados cervicales de mujeres guaraníes infectadas con HPV16. Las variantes en E6 y L1 se identificaron por PCR e hibridación en dot blot. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: el 77% de las variantes Europeas, 20% Africanas y 3% Asiático Americanas. La baja prevalencia de variantes Asiático Americanas coincide con lo reportado por Picconi y col, 2002 para mujeres quechuas, y haría suponer una limitada diseminación del HPV16 durante la época prehispánica. El predominio de las variantes Europeas podría ser resultado de la colonización española y la inmigración europea, mientras que el tráfico de esclavos negros explicaría la presencia de variantes Africanas. Por otra parte, la hipótesis de competencia viral tampoco puede ser descartada.

  8. Loci asociados con enfermedades genéticas y calidad de carne en bovinos Charolais Mexicanos

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    Ana María Sifuentes Rincón

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Se determinaron las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de ocho marcadores localizados en los genes calpaína (CAPN, 4 751 y 316, calpastatina (CASTT1 y tiroglobulina (TG5, asociados a calidad de carne, y en los genes, m iost atina (MSTN, Q204X, arginino succinato sintasa (ASS, monofosfato sintasa (UMPS y miofosforilasa (PYGM, asocia dos a enfermedade s genéticas de ganado bovino. Se muestrearon 493 animales Charolais de registro de dos hatos ubicado s en Sonora (n=157 y tres en Nuevo León (n=336. No se encontraron portadores de los alelos T-ASS y T-UM PS, pero sí portadores del alelo Q204X del gen MSTN en frecuencias de  1 % en las poblaciones de Sonora y de 8.6 a 14.4 % en las de Nuevo León. Además, se identificaron portadores del marcador del gen PYGM, en frecuencias del 6.5 y de 1.0 % para un hato de Sonora y otro de Nuevo León, respectivamente. El análisis de diferenciación génica p areado entre las poblaciones y con los cuatro loci mostró que hay diferencias altamente significativas dentro de pobl aciones del noroeste ( P <0.0001 y entre éstas y las del noreste ( P <0.001, la cual es explicada principalmente por los loci CAPN-316 y TG5. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se recomienda el monitoreo del marcador del gen PYGM y del ale lo Q204X del gen MSTN, así como también implementar estrategias para confirmar la utilidad de los marcadores asociado s a calidad y productividad como herramienta para complementar los progra mas de mejoramiento genético.

  9. Assessment of genetic variability in rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm from Pakistan using rapd markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pervaiz, Z.H.; Rabbani, M.A.; Shinwar, Z.K.; Masood, M.S.; Malik, S.A.

    2010-01-01

    Information on genetic diversity and relationships among rice genotypes from Pakistan is currently very limited. Molecular marker analysis can truly be beneficial in analyzing the diversity of rice germplasm providing useful information to broaden the genetic base of modern rice cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of 75 rice accessions and improved cultivars using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Twenty-eight decamer-primers generated a total of 145 RAPD fragments, of which 116 (80%) were polymorphic. The number of amplification products produced by each primer varied from 3 to 9 with an average of 5.2 alleles primer-1. The size of amplified fragments ranged from 250 to 4000bp. A dendrogram was generated from minimal variance algorithm using Ward method. All the 75 genotypes were grouped into two main groups corresponding to aromatic and non-aromatic types of indica rice. Clustering of accessions did not show any significant pattern of association between the RAPD fingerprints and collection sites. This type of analysis grouping different rice accessions in relation to fragrance, a major rice quality determinant, and varietal group is extremely useful to develop a core collection and gene bank management. Further more, the information revealed by the RAPDs regarding genetic variation is helpful to the plant breeder in selecting diverse parents and for future orientation of rice breeding program. (author)

  10. Genetic diversity in natural populations of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. determined using RAPD and AFLP markers

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    Bianca W. Bertoni

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Jacaranda decurrens (Bignoniaceae is an endemic species of the Cerrado with validated antitumoral activity. The genetic diversity of six populations of J. decurrens located in the State of São Paulo was determined in this study by using molecular markers for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP. Following optimization of the amplification reaction, 10 selected primers generated 78 reproducible RAPD fragments that were mostly (69.2% polymorphic. Two hundred and five reproducible AFLP fragments were generated by using four selected primer combinations; 46.3% of these fragments were polymorphic, indicating a considerable level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA using these two groups of markers indicated that variability was strongly structured amongst populations. The unweighted pair group method with arithmatic mean (UPGMA and Pearson's correlation coefficient (RAPD -0.16, p = 0.2082; AFLP 0.37, p = 0.1006 between genetic matrices and geographic distances suggested that the population structure followed an island model in which a single population of infinite size gave rise to the current populations of J. decurrens, independently of their spatial position. The results of this study indicate that RAPD and AFLP markers were similarly efficient in measuring the genetic variability amongst natural populations of J. decurrens. These data may be useful for developing strategies for the preservation of this medicinal species in the Cerrado.

  11. Molecular characterization of Iranian black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. accessions using RAPD marker

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    Mahmoud Ghorbanzadeh Neghab

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Nigella sativa L. (2n = 12 is an annual flowering plant belonging to the family Ranunculaceae known for medicinal properties demonstrating valuable components that are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Nine Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD were used in this study, in order to characterize the genetic variation of 16 black cumin varieties collected from Iran’s different regions. The amplification reaction produced 95 bands with sizes ranging from about 100 to 500 bp. The average frequency of bands was 20 while the averages of polymorphism were about 8.11 per primer. The Jaccard similarity coefficient and the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Analysis (UPGMA clustering algorithm were applied to the RAPD data sets in order to understand the genetic relationships among the tested accessions. The accessions were categorized into three groups using cluster analysis. The results were supported by the Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA cluster analysis. The results showed that the tested black cumin genotypes had a high genetic diversity and could be used in black cumin germplasm conservation programs. Moreover, the RAPD is a versatile approach to the diversity analysis of native accessions of black cumin.

  12. DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DE Peronospora sparsa (PERONOSPORACEAE EN CULTIVOS DE ROSA DE COLOMBIA

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    MARILUZ AYALA-VÁSQUEZ

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El mildeo velloso de la rosa es la enfermedad más limitante de este cultivo en Colombia. Aunque algunos trabajos de investigación se han adelantado recientemente sobre la epidemiología de esta enfermedad, uno de los campos menos estudiados es el nivel de variabilidad de su agente causal. El conocimiento de este aspecto es fundamental para definir las estrategias de manejo, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con la resistencia genética y el control químico. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron confirmar la identidad taxonómica del agente causal del mildeo velloso de la rosa y profundizar en el conocimiento de su estructura poblacional en Colombia. Para esto se colectaron 34 aislamientos del pseudohongo en cultivos de rosas ubicados en Antioquia y la sabana de Bogotá y se extrajo su ADN, para proceder a la amplificación mediante PCR de la región ITS del ADNr utilizando los primers especieespecíficos PS3 y PS1. Dichos productos se emplearon tanto para su secuenciación directa como para la evaluación de variabilidad genética mediante la técnica PCRRFLP, resultados que se complementaron con la utilización de los marcadores RAPD y RAMS. La presencia de un amplicón de aproximadamente 700 pb que compartió un porcentaje de identidad del 100% con secuencias depositadas en el GenBank, permitió confirmar a los aislamientos como pertenecientes a Peronospora sparsa, mientras que el análisis de RFLP, RAPD y RAMS indicó un muy bajo nivel de variabilidad entre todos los aislamientos, concluyéndose que la población de P. sparsa en Colombia es predominantemente clonal

  13. Identificação de marcadores microssatélites relacionados ao escurecimento de grãos em feijão

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    Karla Rodrigues Couto

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores microssatélites ligados ao loco de características quantitativas (QTL responsável pelo escurecimento tardio do tegumento de feijões do tipo carioca, a fim de reduzir o tempo de avaliação necessário para seleção quanto a essa característica. Foram utilizados dados de avaliação fenotípica de 185 progênies F2:3 derivadas do cruzamento VC-3 x 'BRSMG Majestoso', para o estudo do controle genético do escurecimento dos grãos. Com esses dados, foram confeccionados dois "bulks" segregantes de DNA, empregados para a avaliação de 444 pares de primers SSR. Os aplicativos computacionais GQMOL e Sisvar foram utilizados para avaliar as segregações, confeccionar um grupo de ligação e realizar análises de marca simples e de regressão múltipla pelo método "backward". Oito marcadores apresentaram polimorfismo nos "bulks". Seis desses marcadores foram agrupados em um grupo de ligação de 80,49 cM, e destes, três mostraram-se estreitamente ligados ao QTL responsável pelo escurecimento tardio dos grãos. O marcador PVM02TC116 cossegregou com o QTL em questão, e os marcadores PVESTBR-98 (2,00 cM e PV176 (12,24 cM flanqueiam essa região, o que sugere elevada eficiência para possível uso na seleção assistida.

  14. Characterization of onion genotypes by use of RAPD markers

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    Pavlović Nenad

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available In order to estimate, at the molecular level, the divergence of parental lines that were used in diallel crossbreeding for production of superior offspring (F1 generation hybrids at the Institute for Vegetable Crops, the molecular analysis using five RAPD markers for five pairs of parents has been performed. It gives an insight into their genetic polymorphism and the possibility of their further use in breeding programs. Information from this research has pioneered the application of molecular markers of onion in Serbia. Analyses were performed using the RAPD primers, which in previous studies established a high degree of polymorphism. In all five cases there was a corresponding amplification of DNA segments. From totally 50 bands analyzed, the length of fragments ranged from 500 to 3000 bp. Number of polymorphic band per example was 8 to 13. In our research at the level of the analyzed primers, a high degree of polymorphism between analyzed genotypes has been found. Based on UPGMA dendogram, analyzed genotypes were divided into two main clusters and two subclusters.

  15. Disgenesia gonadal mixta con fórmula cromosómica 45,X/46,X, (mar. Presentación de una paciente Mixed gonodal dysgenesis with chromosomic formula 45,X/46,X (mar. A case report

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    Pedro González Fernández

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presentó una paciente con estigmas turnerianos y cariotipo 45,X/46,XX con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome de Turner a la que se le realizó clitoridectomía por hipertrofia del clítoris a los 8 meses de edad. Se reevaluó a los 6 años de edad y se le realizó cariotipo con técnicas de bandas G (GTG con fórmula cromosómica de 45,X/46,X, (cromosoma marcador -mar; dicho marcador dio la impresión de una deleción del cromosoma X desde Xq13 ®Xq ter y Xp22 ®Xp ter. Se completó dicho estudio con técnica molecular de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR y se identificó el gen SRY en el cromosoma marcador. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica por mínimo acceso y se comprobó ausencia de útero así como trompa en el lado derecho con ausencia de gónada y en el lado opuesto, testículo rudimentario; se planteó el diagnóstico de disgenesia gonadal mixta.A patient with Turner stigmas and karyotype 45,X/46,XX with initial diagnosis of Turner's syndrome is presented. Clitoridectomy was performed due to hypertrophy of the clitoris when she was 8. She was reevaluated at 6 and karyotype was made by using G bands techniques (GTG with chromosomic formula of 45,X/46,X, (marker chromosome -mar; such marker gave the impression of a deletion of chromosome X from Xq13 ®Xq ter and Xp22 ®Xp ter. This study was completed with the molecular technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR and the SRY gene was identified in the marker chromosome. The patient underwent minimum access surgery and it was proved the absence of uterus and tube on the right side with no gonad and a rudimentary testis on the opposite side. Mixed gonodal dysgenesis was diagnosed.

  16. Identification of ISSR and RAPD markers linked to yield traits in bread wheat under normal and drought conditions

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    A.G.A. Khaled

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Genetic variability and identification of some molecular markers were studied in twenty promising lines of wheat using agronomic traits, ISSR (inter simple sequences repeats and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Significant variation was evidenced in all agronomic traits. The lines proved to be superior to the check cultivar Sahel1 in yield and its component traits. Lines L2, L7 and L8 were the best in most yield component traits in both seasons. Moreover, Lines L2, L4, L5, L7 and L8 showed drought tolerance by which they displayed high performance in agronomic traits as well as a low drought susceptibility index. The percentage of polymorphism was 39.3% and 53.2% for ISSRs and RAPDs, respectively. UBC-881 belonged to penta-nucleotide repeat sequences (GGGTG that produced the highest level of polymorphism, while UBC-846 belonged to di-nucleotide repeat sequences (CA that produced the lowest level of polymorphism. Genetic similarities among wheat lines based on ISSR and RAPD markers ranged from 0.81 to 1.00 and from 0.86 to 0.98, respectively. There was a low average of PIC (polymorphism information content values which were 0.10 (ISSR and 0.15 (RAPD. The RAPD technique exhibited a higher marker index (MI = 0.69 compared to ISSR (MI = 0.43. There was insignificant correlation between ISSR and RAPD data (0.168, p > 0.05. There were two markers (UBC-881450bp and OPF-10540bp, on each of which two traits regressed significantly. The associated markers each explained a maximum regression of 18.92–34.95% of the total available variation for individual associated traits.

  17. Assessment of genetic diversity using RAPD analysis in a germplasm collection of sea buckthorn

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    G.I. BARTISH

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD markers were used to characterize a part of a sea buckthorn gene bank collected for plant breeding purposes. Molecular markers were generated in 55 cultivars and accessions, representing five subspecies of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and intraspecific hybrids between different subspecies. Sixty-three markers were used to generate a Dice's similarity coefficient matrix of pairwise comparisons between individual RAPD profiles. Cluster (UPGMA and principal co-ordinate analyses, based on this matrix, revealed clustering of plants into groups which generally correspond to their taxonomic classification or geographic origin. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA was found useful for estimating components of genetic variation between and within taxonomic and geographic groups of accessions and cultivars. Whereas both alternatives for grouping the material (taxonomic or geographic origin resulted in significant between-group variation, the major part of molecular variance (approximately 75% was still attributed to variation within groups. We conclude that the RAPD analysis is useful for clarification of taxonomic and geographic origin of accessions and cultivars of sea buckthorn.

  18. RAPD Analysis and Antibiotic Susceptibility for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Different Locations in Egypt

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    Ali, A. M.

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The routine identification of mycobacterial strains isolated from patients in different locations in Egypt was confirmed by specific DNA fragment amplification. The susceptibilities of 72 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains against the four antibiotics used in tuberculosis treatment (Isoniazid, INH; Rifampicin, Rif; Streptomycin, St and Ethambutol, E were examined. Our results indicated that, multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB represents about 19.5% of the tested strains, whereas sensitive strains represented 26.4%. The genetic polymorphism of the tested strains was examined using RAPD analysis. Six selected strains represent the different antibiotic susceptibility groups were examined using RAPD fingerprinting. No difference between the strains was recorded using the RFLP analysis of amplified specific fragment. The discrimination power of RAPD analysis was inadequate to clarify the genetic correlation between the tested strains. MDR-TB was approximately double time in 2008 compared with the value in 2007. Most of the new MDRTB was correlated with resident dense population regions.

  19. Molecular analysis of RAPD DNA based markers: their potential use for the detection of genetic variability in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L Schneider).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amarger, V; Mercier, L

    1995-01-01

    We have applied the recently developed technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for the discrimination between two jojoba clones at the genomic level. Among a set of 30 primers tested, a simple reproducible pattern with three distinct fragments for clone D and two distinct fragments for clone E was obtained with primer OPB08. Since RAPD products are the results of arbitrarily priming events and because a given primer can amplify a number of non-homologous sequences, we wondered whether or not RAPD bands, even those of similar size, were derived from different loci in the two clones. To answer this question, two complementary approaches were used: i) cloning and sequencing of the amplification products from clone E; and ii) complementary Southern analysis of RAPD gels using cloned or amplified fragments (directly recovered from agarose gels) as RFLP probes. The data reported here show that the RAPD reaction generates multiple amplified fragments. Some fragments, although resolved as a single band on agarose gels, contain different DNA species of the same size. Furthermore, it appears that the cloned RAPD products of known sequence that do not target repetitive DNA can be used as hybridization probes in RFLP to detect a polymorphism among individuals.

  20. Molecular Characterization of Cultivated Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Using RAPD Markers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hongwen Huang; Desmond R. Layne; Thomas L. Kubisiak

    2003-01-01

    Thirty-four extant pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] cultivars and advanced selections representing a large portion of the gene pool of cultivated pawpaws were investigated using 71 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to establish genetic identities and evaluate genetic relatedness. All 34 cultivated pawpaws were uniquely...

  1. Selection processes in a citrus hybrid population using RAPD markers

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    Oliveira Roberto Pedroso de

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the processes of selection in a citrus hybrid population using segregation analysis of RAPD markers. The segregation of 123 RAPD markers between 'Cravo' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco and 'Pêra' sweet orange (C. sinensis (L. Osbeck was analysed in a F1 progeny of 94 hybrids. Genetic composition, diversity, heterozygosity, differences in chromosomal structure and the presence of deleterious recessive genes are discussed based on the segregation ratios obtained. A high percentage of markers had a skeweness of the 1:1 expected segregation ratio in the F1 population. Many markers showed a 3:1 segregation ratio in both varieties and 1:3 in 'Pêra' sweet orange, probably due to directional selection processes. The distribution analysis of the frequencies of the segregant markers in a hybrid population is a simple method which allows a better understanding of the genetics of citrus group.

  2. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD analysis of Lutzomyia longipalpis laboratory populations

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    DiaS Edelberto S.

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis has been incriminated as a vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania chagasi. However, some evidence has been accumulated suggesting that it may exist in nature not as a single but as a species complex. Our goal was to compare four laboratory reference populations of L. longipalpis from distinct geographic regions at the molecular level by RAPD-PCR. We screened genomic DNA for polymorphic sites by PCR amplification with decamer single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequences. One primer distinguished one population (Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil from the other three (Lapinha Cave, Minas Gerais State, Brazil; Melgar, Tolima Department, Colombia and Liberia, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. The population-specific and the conserved RAPD-PCR amplified fragments were cloned and shown to differ only in number of internal repeats.

  3. Marcadores tumorais no câncer de pulmão: um caminho para a terapia biológica

    OpenAIRE

    PACHECO FERNANDO AZEVEDO; PASCHOAL MARCOS EDUARDO MACHADO; CARVALHO MARIA DA GLÓRIA DA COSTA

    2002-01-01

    Os avanços recentes na genética e na biologia molecular permitiram a identificação de genes e proteínas produzidos ou superexpressados pelos tumores. Tais produtos, os chamados marcadores tumorais, antes utilizados apenas como ferramentas de diagnóstico e prognóstico, vêm atualmente tomando papel importante no desenvolvimento de novas modalidades de tratamento, direcionadas a quebrar o ciclo biológico da progressão tumoral. Neste artigo, revisa-se o papel de alguns marcadores tumorais tradici...

  4. Analysis of genetic diversity of certain species of Piper using RAPD-based molecular markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chowdhury, Utpal; Tanti, Bhaben; Rethy, Parakkal; Gajurel, Padma Raj

    2014-09-01

    The utility of RAPD markers in assessing genetic diversity and phenetic relationships of six different species of Piper from Northeast India was investigated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers applied to the six species produced a total of 195 marker bands, of which, 159 were polymorphic. On average, six RAPD fragments were amplified per reaction. In the UPGMA phenetic dendrogram based on Jaccard's coefficient, the different accessions of Piper showed a high level of genetic variation. This study may be useful in identifying diverse genetic stocks of Piper, which may then be conserved on a priority basis.

  5. Interacciones farmacológicas de las hojas de Maytenus macrocarpa o “chuchuhuasi” con fármacos inhibitorios y estimuladores de la motilidad intestinal

    OpenAIRE

    Meléndez-Espíritu, S.; Huaccho Rojas, Juan Jesús; Santos-Cajahuanca, F.; Abanto-Cabeza, C.; Jáuregui-Farfán, J.; Mendoza-Toribio, J.; Morales-Zenteno, E.; Salgado-Silva, L.; Sueyoshi-Hernández, H.; Robles-Ojeda, M.; Loja Herrera, Berta; Alvarado Yarasca, Ángel Tito; Salazar Granara, Alberto Alcibíades

    2013-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Determinar las posibles interacciones farmacológicas de las hojas de Maytenus macrocarpa, con fármacos estimulantes e inhibitorios de la motilidad intestinal. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron 110 ratones albinos machos, con pesos medios de 25 g, se empleó el método de Arbos y col, se administró carbón activado al 5 % vía oral, dosis de 0.1ml/10g, como marcador intestinal. Los grupos experimentales fueron: control (agua destilada 0,3ml), hojas de chuchuhuasi 1 (500mg/kg), hojas de chuchuhua...

  6. Evaluación y seguimiento del envejecimiento sano y con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL a través del TAVEC

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    Sara García-Herranz

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL se define como un estado intermedio entre el envejecimiento normal y el patológico, que en ocasiones, puede evolucionar a algún tipo de demencia, principalmente de tipo Alzheimer. La necesidad de encontrar marcadores que detecten tempranamente el DCL hace que determinados tests neuropsicológicos, básicamente de memoria, puedan ser considerados marcadores tempranos de este síndrome. La presente investigación pretende comprobar si el Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España-Complutense (TAVEC es útil en la evaluación y seguimiento del envejecimiento sano y con DCL en función de su estabilidad e inestabilidad temporal. La muestra de estudio se compuso de 179 participantes (95 sanos y 84 DCL entre 58-90 años evaluados en dos ocasiones a través del TAVEC junto con otros tests neuropsicológicos. Los resultados en el TAVEC mostraron diferencias significativas entre la primera y la segunda evaluación llevada a cabo un año después, tomando la muestra total y subdividida en sanos y DCL estables e inestables. Hubo diferencias en la ejecución entre los diferentes subgrupos clasificados en función de la estabilidad/ inestabilidad. Se concluye que el TAVEC es una herramienta útil, tanto en la evaluación de la memoria episódica verbal, como en el seguimiento del envejecimiento sano y con DCL.

  7. La influencia de la localización del partido, el nivel del oponente y el marcador en la posesión del balón en el fútbol de alto nivel

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    Carlos Lago Peñas

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio consistió en examinar el efecto de la localización del partido, el nivel del oponente y el marcador sobre las estrategias de posesión del balón en un equipo de fútbol profesional. Para ello fueron analizados 27 partidos de la temporada 2005-2006 de la Liga Española de Fútbol utilizando un sistema computerizado de análisis del juego. Los partidos fueron divididos en episodios de juego de acuerdo con la evolución del marcador. Los resultados del análisis de regresión lineal muestran que la posesión del balón en global y el porcentaje de minutos que el equipo observado tuvo la posesión del balón en cada zona del campo de juego (zona defensiva 1/3, zona media 1/3 y zona ofensiva 1/3 estuvieron condicionados por las variables de situación analizadas, bien de forma independiente o de forma interactiva. La combinación de estas variables y sus interacciones puede ser utilizada para construir modelos que estimen la posesión del balón en el fútbol. Los hallazgos ponen en evidencia la necesidad para los entrenadores e investigadores de tener en cuenta los potenciales efectos independientes e interactivos de la localización del partido, el nivel del oponente y el marcador durante la evaluación del rendimiento de los equipos y los jugadores.

  8. Expressão citofotométrica dos marcadores tumorais CD-34 e fator VIII no câncer de cólon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cacilda Joyce Ferreira da Silva Garcia

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Verificar a posssibilidade de quantificar a expressão dos marcadores tumorais CD-34 e Fator VIII no câncer de cólon; verificar se existe superioridade entre um marcador e outro para estudo da angiogênese; verificar se há correlação na análise do índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica média nos marcadores utilizados. MÉTODOS: Dezessete casos de adenocarcinoma colorretal recuperados de blocos de parafina e confirmados pela hematoxilina-eosina, foram submetidos à coloração imunoistoquímica pelo método da estreptoavidina-biotina-peroxidase e utilizados os marcadores tumorais CD-34 e Fator VIII. Após este processo as lâminas foram submetidas à leitura no sistema Samba 4000® e avaliadas pelo software Immuno®. Os parâmetros estudados foram: índice de marcagem e densidade óptica, expressos por médias, medianas, valores mínimos, valores máximos e desvios-padrão, analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Para o marcador CD-34 não houve normalidade dos dados em relação ao índice de marcagem e houve para a densidade óptica. Para o Fator VIII, houve normalidade de dados em relação ao índice de marcagem e para a densidade óptica. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível quantificar a expressão dos marcadores tumorais CD-34 e Fator VIII através do índice de marcagem e da densidade óptica média; não houve diferença entre os marcadores em relação à média do índice de marcagem e da densidade óptica, não sendo possível definir superioridade entre um e outro; não foi observada tendência à correlação quando comparados densidade óptica e índice de marcagem do Fator VIII e do CD-34 isoladamente estudados; não houve correlação entre o índice de marcagem do Fator VIII quando comparado com o CD-34, bem como a densidade óptica do Fator VIII com o CD-34.

  9. Distribution of Penicillium commune isolates in cheese dairies mapped using secondary metabolite profiles, morphotypes, RAPD and AFLP fingerprinting

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, Flemming; Nielsen, A.B.; Skouboe, P.

    2003-01-01

    ) and amplified fragment length polymorphism, (AFLP). For a sub-set of 272 P. commune isolates RAPD analysis generated 33 RAPD groups whereas AFLP profiling revealed 55 AFLP groups. This study conclusively showed that the discriminatory power of AFLP was high compared to RAPD and that AFLP fingerprinting matched...... morphotyping, P. commune isolates with identical profiles using all four typing techniques were interpreted as closely related isolates with a common origin and the distribution of these isolates in the processing environment indicated possible contamination points in the cheese dairies. The coating process...... and unpacking of cheeses with growth of P. commune seemed to cause the contamination problems. Several identical P. commune isolates remained present in the processing environment for more than 7 years in both dairies....

  10. Genetic structure and inter-generic relationship of closed colony of laboratory rodents based on RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Mahadeo; Kumar, Sharad

    2014-11-01

    Molecular genetic analysis was performed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) on three commonly used laboratory bred rodent genera viz. mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus) and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) as sampled from the breeding colony maintained at the Animal Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow. In this study, 60 samples, 20 from each genus, were analyzed for evaluation of genetic structure of rodent stocks based on polymorphic bands using RAPD markers. Thirty five random primers were assessed for RAPD analysis. Out of 35, only 20 primers generated a total of 56.88% polymorphic bands among mice, rats and guinea pigs. The results revealed significantly variant and distinct fingerprint patterns specific to each of the genus. Within-genera analysis, the highest (89.0%) amount of genetic homogeneity was observed in mice samples and the least (79.3%) were observed in guinea pig samples. The amount of genetic homogeneity was observed very high within all genera. The average genetic diversity index observed was low (0.045) for mice and high (0.094) for guinea pigs. The inter-generic distances were maximum (0.8775) between mice and guinea pigs; and the minimum (0.5143) between rats and mice. The study proved that the RAPD markers are useful as genetic markers for assessment of genetic structure as well as inter-generic variability assessments.

  11. LOS MARCADORES DE REFORMULACIÓN EN EL CORPUS PRESEEA DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abelardo San Martín Núñez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es ampliar nuestra aproximación variacionista, informada en Rojas et al. (2012, a los marcadores de reformulación en el español hablado en Santiago de Chile. Para tal propósito, se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la mencionada función en una muestra de 54 entrevistas que conforman el Corpus Sociolingüístico de preseea de Santiago. En el análisis, se consideraron el concepto y la clasificación de los marcadores del discurso de Martín Zorraquino y Montolío (1998; Martín Zorraquino y Portolés (1999; Portolés (2001; y Loureda y Acín (2010. Se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la función de reformulación, según diferentes subtipos (explicación, rectificación, recapitulación y distanciamiento. Basándonos en la conmutabilidad funcional (semántica y pragmática de estos marcadores, se procedió a su análisis cuantitativo, según las variables sexo, edad y nivel educacional de los informantes. En general, los resultados del estudio muestran que las partículas o sea, igual y al final, así como el subtipo de los reformuladores explicativos, son los más frecuentes. Asimismo, el factor edad de los sujetos es el más sensible al empleo de las partículas relevadas.

  12. Comparison of Manzanilla and wild type olives by RAPD-PCR ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    STORAGESEVER

    2010-02-15

    Feb 15, 2010 ... In this study, the cultivated type olive Manzanilla was supplied from Olive ... America and Australia continents (MOARA, 2006). Olive ... reserved as table olives and 52.869 tons for oil produc- .... phism rate indicates a high genetic diversity in varieties. ... olive germplasm bank by means of RAPD markers.

  13. Preliminary genetic linkage map of Miscanthus sinensis with RAPD markers

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Atienza, S.G.; Satovic, Z.; Petersen, K.K.; Dolstra, O.; Martin, A.

    2002-01-01

    We have used an "offspring cross" mapping strategy in combination with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to construct the first genetic map of the species Miscanthus sinensis (2n = 2x = 38). This map is based on an outbred population of 89 individuals resulting from the cross between

  14. Breeding wheat mutant Longfu 03D51 with resisting stem rust and genetic analyzation of resisting disease and RAPD maker

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun Yan; Yin Jing; Wang Guangjin; Zhang Hongji; Huang Jinghua; Guo Qiang; Diao Yanling; Liu Dongjun

    2007-01-01

    Longfu 03D51 was bred using Long 6239 immature embryo as explants through radiation mutagenesis breeding coupled with tissue culture technique. By artificial inoculation and field breeding identified Longfu 03D51 was identified with high resistance to dominant strain 21C 3 CPH, good quality and high yield. Genetic analysis suggested that stem rust was controlled by a single gene. The DNA polymorphism on Longfu 03D51 and its parents were studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), 3 primers out of 60 RAPD primers were found polymorphism between the Longfu 03D51 and its parent Long 6239, and 3 stable polyphymorphic bands amplified in Longfu 03D51 with the size of 380bp, 700bp, 600 bp by random primer E07, E11, E17, respectively. Genetic and RAPD analysis indicated that 3 RAPD primers E07, E11, E17 might be linked to the gene of stem rust resistance. (authors)

  15. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Iranian Jujube Ecotypes (Ziziphus spp. Using RAPD Molecular Marker

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S Abbasi

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. is a valuable medicinal plant which is important in Iranian traditional medicines. Although the regional plants such as jujube play an important role in our economy, but they are forgotten in research and technology. Considering the economic and medicinal importance of jujube, the first step in breeding programs is determination of the genetic diversity among the individuals. 34 ecotypes of jujube, which have been collected from eight provinces of Iran, were used in this study. The genetic relationships of Iranian jujube ecotypes were analyzed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD marker. Six out of 15 random decamer primers applied for RAPD analysis, showed an informative polymorphism. According to clustering analysis using UPGMA's methods, the ecotypes were classified into two major groups at the 0.81 level of genetic similarity. The highest value of similarity coefficient (0.92 was detected between Mazandaran and Golestan ecotypes and the most genetic diversity was observed in ecotypes of Khorasan-Jonoubi. The affinity of Khorasan-Jonoubi and Esfahan ecotypes indicated a possible common origin for the variation in these areas. Results indicated that RAPD analysis could be successfully used for the estimation of genetic diversity among Ziziphus ecotypes and it can be useful for further investigations.

  16. Quality parameters and RAPD-PCR differentiation of commercial baker's yeast and hybrid strains.

    Science.gov (United States)

    El-Fiky, Zaki A; Hassan, Gamal M; Emam, Ahmed M

    2012-06-01

    Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a key component in bread baking. Total of 12 commercial baker's yeast and 2 hybrid strains were compared using traditional quality parameters. Total of 5 strains with high leavening power and the 2 hybrid strains were selected and evaluated for their alpha-amylase, maltase, glucoamylase enzymes, and compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The results revealed that all selected yeast strains have a low level of alpha-amylase and a high level of maltase and glucoamylase enzymes. Meanwhile, the Egyptian yeast strain (EY) had the highest content of alpha-amylase and maltase enzymes followed by the hybrid YH strain. The EY and YH strains have the highest content of glucoamylase enzyme almost with the same level. The RAPD banding patterns showed a wide variation among commercial yeast and hybrid strains. The closely related Egyptian yeast strains (EY and AL) demonstrated close similarity of their genotypes. The 2 hybrid strains were clustered to Turkish and European strains in 1 group. The authors conclude that the identification of strains and hybrids using RAPD technique was useful in determining their genetic relationship. These results can be useful not only for the basic research, but also for the quality control in baking factories. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®

  17. Diversidade genética de três estoques de piapara (Leporinus elongatus, utilizando RAPD = Genetic diversity of three stocks of piapara (Leporinus elongatus, using RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Cristina Gomes

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Recentemente a produção aquícola brasileira tem apresentado grandeprogresso. Dentre as espécies nativas cultivadas no Brasil, a piapara (Leporinus elongatus tem sido amplamente preconizada. Com objetivo de avaliar os programas de repovoamento, foram analisadas a variabilidade e a divergência genética de três estoques de piapara com a técnica de RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic. O primeiro estoque pertence à Estação de Aquicultura e Hidrologia da Duke Energy International (A; o segundo, à piscicultura de Rolândia (B e o terceiro, ao Programa de Repovoamento dos Rios do Paraná (C. Os dezprimers para RAPD utilizados produziram 105 fragmentos polimórficos, conferindo um polimorfismo de 98,1% para os três estoques avaliados. A porcentagem de locos polimórficos e índice de Shannon foi superior para o estoque A. Porém, todos valores foram elevados, indicando alta diversidade intrapopulacional. Os valores de Gst indicam que houvebaixa diferenciação genética entre os estoques A x B e moderada diferenciação entre os demais. O Nm foi maior entre os estoques A x B. A distância genética e o dendrograma indicam que os estoques A x B são menos distantes geneticamente.Latelly, aquiculture production in Brazil has made great strides. Among the native species cultivated in Brazil, piapara (Leporinus elogatus has been widely praised. With the objective of evaluating restocking programs, the variability and genetic divergence ofthree piapara stocks were analyzed using the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique. The first stock belongs to the Aquiculture and Hydrology Station of Duke Energy International (A; the second one belongs to a fish farm in the city of Rolândia(B; and the third to the River Restocking Program of Paraná (C. The ten primers used for RAPD produced 105 polymorphic loci, conferring a polymorphism of 98.1% for the three evaluated stocks. Polymorphic loci percentage and Shannon index were higher for stock A

  18. Optimization of random amplified polymorphic DNA techniques for use in genetic studies of Cuban triatominae Optimización de la técnica de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD para su utilización en la caracterización genética de triatomíneos cubanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Fraga

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD technique is a simple and reliable method to detect DNA polymorphism. Several factors can affect the amplification profiles, thereby causing false bands and non-reproducibility of assay. In this study, we analyzed the effect of changing the concentration of primer, magnesium chloride, template DNA and Taq DNA polymerase with the objective of determining their optimum concentration for the standardization of RAPD technique for genetic studies of Cuban Triatominae. Reproducible amplification patterns were obtained using 5 pmoL of primer, 2.5 mM of MgCl2, 25 ng of template DNA and 2 U of Taq DNA polymerase in 25 µL of the reaction. A panel of five random primers was used to evaluate the genetic variability of T. flavida. Three of these (OPA-1, OPA-2 and OPA-4 generated reproducible and distinguishable fingerprinting patterns of Triatominae. Numerical analysis of 52 RAPD amplified bands generated for all five primers was carried out with unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA. Jaccard's Similarity Coefficient data were used to construct a dendrogram. Two groups could be distinguished by RAPD data and these groups coincided with geographic origin, i.e. the populations captured in areas from east and west of Guanahacabibes, Pinar del Río. T. flavida present low interpopulation variability that could result in greater susceptibility to pesticides in control programs. The RAPD protocol and the selected primers are useful for molecular characterization of Cuban Triatominae.La técnica de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD es un método simple para detectar el polimorfismo genético del ADN. Diferentes factores afectan los perfiles de amplificación lo que se manifiesta en la presencia de bandas falsas y en la reproducibilidad del ensayo. En nuestro trabajo analizamos los cambios de la concentración de cebador, ADN molde, cloruro de magnesio y de Taq ADN polimerasa con el objetivo de determinar su

  19. Identification of SSR and RAPD markers associated with QTLs of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SERVER

    2008-04-03

    Apr 3, 2008 ... Parents and. F3 families had significant differences in studied traits (p ≤. 0.01). In this study, SSR and RAPD markers were used together for constructing linkage groups and rescanning the genome of rapeseed to identify QTLs controlling winter survival and related traits. For this, the parental polymorphism ...

  20. Comparative molecular analysis of Herbaspirillum strains by RAPD, RFLP, and 16S rDNA sequencing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soares-Ramos Juliana R.L.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Herbaspirillum spp. are endophytic diazotrophic bacteria associated with important agricultural crops. In this work, we analyzed six strains of H. seropedicae (Z78, M2, ZA69, ZA95, Z152, and Z67 and one strain of H. rubrisubalbicans (M4 by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP using HindIII or DraI restriction endonucleases, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD, and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. The results of these analyses ascribed the strains studied to three distinct groups: group I, consisting of M2 and M4; group II, of ZA69; and group III, of ZA95, Z78, Z67, and Z152. RAPD fingerprinting showed a higher variability than the other methods, and each strain had a unique electrophoretic pattern with five of the six primers used. Interestingly, H. seropedicae M2 was found by all analyses to be genetically very close to H. rubrisubalbicans M4. Our results show that RAPD can distinguish between all Herbaspirillum strains tested.

  1. Tratamiento de los marcadores discursivos en documentos de referencia y curriculares: el caso del MCER y del PCIC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Torre Torre, Aroa Mª

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo tenemos como objetivo analizar cómo el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia y el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes tratan los marcadores discursivos dentro del conjunto de los elementos pragmáticos. Averiguar las pistas que se dan sobre este aspecto en los documentos de referencia y curriculares resulta de especial interés porque son los documentos más manejados por profesores, evaluadores y creadores de materiales. De hecho, las indicaciones que en ellos se ofrecen tienen una gran repercusión en la planificación y elaboración de propuestas didácticas para el aula de ELE. De la revisión minuciosa de estos documentos se desprende que en el MCER no se da un tratamiento sistemático o riguroso a los marcadores discursivos y que, en el PCIC, si bien se opta por una forma determinada de presentar los marcadores en el inventario, a lo largo del mismo se cae en algunos contrasentidos, especialmente en el caso de los conversacionales.

  2. Identification of RAPD marker associated with brown rust resistance in sugarcane

    Science.gov (United States)

    Susceptibility to brown rust caused by Puccinia melanocephala is a major reason for the withdrawal of sugarcane cultivars from production. An efficient way to control the disease is to breed cultivars with durable resistance. Our aim was to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers ...

  3. Estudio del perfil de anticuerpos contra Helicobacter pylori producidos por pacientes con diferentes patologías gastroduodenales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga María Bermúdez

    2004-07-01

    de la subclase 1 en los pacientes con gastritis atrófica y adenocarcinoma gástrico, indica que la presencia de anticuerpos hacia esta proteína podría ser usada como un marcador de cáncer, mientras que el estudio del reconocimiento de los demás antígenos principales (70 kDa, 90 kDA y VacA puede convertirse en una herramienta de importante valor para la caracterización de cada enfermedad.

  4. Experimental infection of chickens and turkeys with Mycoplasma gallisepticum reference strain S6 and North Carolina field isolate RAPD type B.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sanei, B; Barnes, H J; Vaillancourt, J P; Leyc, D H

    2007-03-01

    During an epidemic of mycoplasmosis in chicken and turkey flocks in North Carolina between 1999 and 2001, isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) from affected flocks were characterized by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and eight distinct RAPD types were identified. MG RAPD type B accounted for more than 90% of the isolates and was associated with moderate-to-severe clinical signs and mortality. The virulence of MG RAPD type B for chickens and turkeys was compared with sham-inoculated negative controls and MG S6 (a virulent strain)-inoculated positive controls. Clinical signs occurred in chickens and turkeys inoculated with either MG RAPD type B or MG S6. However, they were not as frequent or severe as those seen in naturally affected flocks, and there was no mortality in the experimental groups. Based on gross and microscopic findings, MG RAPD type B was equal to or more virulent than MG S6. All MG-inoculated birds were culture and PCR positive at 7 and 14 days postinoculation (PI). Among serological tests, the serum plate agglutination test was positive for the majority of chickens and turkeys (58%-100%) infected with either strain of MG at both 7 and 14 days PI. The hemagglutination inhibition test was negative for all birds at 7 days PI and positive for a few chickens (8%-17%) and several turkey sera (40%-60%) at 14 days PI. Only a single serum was positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (an MG S6-infected turkey) at 14 days PI.

  5. Polyembryony and identification of Volkamerian lemon zygotic and nucellar seedlings using RAPD Poliembrionia e identificação de seedlings zigóticos e nucelares de limão volkameriano com RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Andrade-Rodríguez

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available The objectives of this work were to evaluate the frequency of polyembryony, and to identify zygotic and nucellar seedlings of Citrus volkameriana using RAPD. Twenty-five polyembryonic and eight monoembryonic seeds were cultivated in vitrofor six months. DNA from seedlings was extracted and used in combination with five RAPD primers to identify zygotic or nucellar origin of the seedlings. Environmental conditions of the year affected significantly (POs objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a freqüência da poliembrionia e indentificar os seedlings zigóticos e nucelares de Citrus volkameriana usando RAPD. Cultivaram-se in vitro 25 sementes poliembriônicas e 8 monoembriônicas, por seis meses. Extraiu-se o DNA dos seedlings e usou-se em combinação com cinco primers RAPD para identificar a origem zigótica e nucelar das plântulas. Os resultados mostraram que as condições ambientais do ano afetaram significativamente (P<0,05 as características morfológicas dos frutos e o número de embriões por semente. Os índices de sementes poliembriônicas variaram nos três anos de avaliação (30,9%, 44,8% e 54,4%. As características morfológicas não se correlacionaram com a poliembrionia. A cultura in vitro possibilita que todos os embriões de cada semente cresçam, favorecendo os seedlings identificados como zigóticos. Nas sementes poliembriônicas e monoembriônicas, 25,9% e 87,5% dos seedlings, respectivamente, originaram-se sexualmente. Nem todos os seedlings zigóticos foram produzidos por embriões localizados no micrófilo das sementes poliembriônicas.

  6. Genetic relatedness of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) hybrids using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharaf-Eldin, M A; Al-Tamimi, A; Alam, P; Elkholy, S F; Jordan, J R

    2015-12-28

    The artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is an important food and medicinal crop that is cultivated in Mediterranean countries. Morphological characteristics, such as head shape and diameter, leaf shape, and bract shape, are mainly affected by environmental conditions. A molecular marker approach was used to analyze the degree of polymorphism between artichoke hybrid lines. The degree of genetic difference among three artichoke hybrids was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR). In this study, the DNA fingerprints of three artichoke lines (A13-010, A11-018, and A12-179) were generated, and a total of 10 decamer primers were applied for RAPD-PCR analyses. Polymorphism  (16.66 to 62.50%) was identified using eight arbitrary decamers and total genomic DNA extracted from the hybrids. Of the 59 loci detected, there were 25 polymorphic and 34 monomorphic loci. Jaccard's similarity index (JSI) ranged between 1.0 and 0.84. Based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) similarity matrix and dendrogram, the results indicated that two hybrids (A13-010 and A11-018) were closely related to each other, and the A12-179 line showed more divergence. When identifying correct accessions, consideration of the genetic variation and genetic relationships among the genotypes are required. The RAPD-PCR fingerprinting of artichoke lines clearly showed that it is possible to analyze the RAPD patterns for correlation between genetic means and differences or resemblance between close accessions (A13-010 and A11- 018) at the genomic level.

  7. Identification of SSR and RAPD markers associated with QTLs of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Because of importance of winter survival in winter type of Brassica napus, this study was performed to identify the QTLs controlling winter survival and related traits using SSR and RAPD markers. For this, an F2:3 population of 200 families derived from crossing between cv. 'SLMO46' (winter type and cold resistant) and cv.

  8. RAPD tagging of salt tolerance gene in rice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ding, H.; Zhang, G.; Guo, Y.; Chen, S.; Chen, S.

    1998-01-01

    Salinity, which is critical in determining the growth and development of plants, is a major problem affecting ever-increasing areas throughout the world. A salt tolerant rice mutant (M-20) was obtained from accession 77-170 (Oryza sativa) through EMS mutagenesis and selection in vitro. The use of 220 10-mer RAPD primers allowed the identification of a new molecular marker, whose genetic distance from a salt tolerance gene is about 16.4 cM. (author)

  9. Polimorfismos en el gen promotor de IL-10 en una muestra de pacientes colombianos con lepra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nora Cardona-Castro

    2012-03-01

    Conclusiones. El haplotipo que encontramos asociado con lepra, -1082A-819C-592C/-1082A-819C-592C, se ha relacionado con baja producción de IL-10. Funcionalmente, esta baja producción de IL-10 puede tener consecuencias en la respuesta inmunitaria, además de implicaciones clínicas. Se han reportado diferentes haplotipos de IL-10 como marcadores de vulnerabilidad y resistencia de lepra en otras poblaciones, lo cual sugiere que las diferencias en la distribución de diversos polimorfismos del gen de IL-10 entre grupos étnicos, es un factor importante al determinar la asociación entre enfermedad y genes.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i1.386

  10. Genetic diversity and relationships in mulberry (genus Morus as revealed by RAPD and ISSR marker assays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thangavelu K

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The genus Morus, known as mulberry, is a dioecious and cross-pollinating plant that is the sole food for the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori. Traditional methods using morphological traits for classification are largely unsuccessful in establishing the diversity and relationships among different mulberry species because of environmental influence on traits of interest. As a more robust alternative, PCR based marker assays including RAPD and ISSR were employed to study the genetic diversity and interrelationships among twelve domesticated and three wild mulberry species. Results RAPD analysis using 19 random primers generated 128 discrete markers ranging from 500–3000 bp in size. One-hundred-nineteen of these were polymorphic (92%, with an average of 6.26 markers per primer. Among these were a few putative species-specific amplification products which could be useful for germplasm classification and introgression studies. The ISSR analysis employed six anchored primers, 4 of which generated 93 polymorphic markers with an average of 23.25 markers per primer. Cluster analysis of RAPD and ISSR data using the WINBOOT package to calculate the Dice coefficient resulted into two clusters, one comprising polyploid wild species and the other with domesticated (mostly diploid species. Conclusion These results suggest that RAPD and ISSR markers are useful for mulberry genetic diversity analysis and germplasm characterization, and that putative species-specific markers may be obtained which can be converted to SCARs after further studies.

  11. Avaliação por RAPD de plantas de abacaxizeiro cultivar Smooth Cayenne derivadas do seccionamento do talo e cultura de tecidos Evaluation of pineapple plants cultivar Smooth Cayenne from peduncle division and tissue culture by RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MARIA VITÓRIA CECCHETTI GOTTARDI

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Foram coletadas, em área comercial da fazenda Córrego dos Bois, município de Canápolis -- MG, plantas de abacaxizeiro cultivar Smooth Cayenne, para serem avaliadas quanto à propagação pelo método do seccionamento do talo e cultura de tecidos, bem como análise por RAPD das mudas decorrentes destes dois processos de propagação. A propagação pelo seccionamento do talo foi eficiente na produção de mudas, tanto em quantidade como em qualidade, em um curto espaço de tempo, além de apresentar a mesma característica genotípica (análise por RAPD das plantas-matrizes de origem. Já no processo de produção de mudas por cultura de tecidos, não foi obtida uma quantidade suficiente de mudas que comprovasse a utilização de uma metodologia mais sofisticada. Além da perda por contaminação em laboratório de 70% do material em estudo, foi necessária a utilização de um longo período, aproximadamente 18 meses, para a obtenção das mudas. Na análise por RAPD das plantas decorrentes deste processo de propagação, foram observados padrões de bandas diferentes em algumas amostras, as quais podem estar relacionadas com uma possível variação somaclonal.Plants of pineapple Smooth Cayenne cultivar were collected from a commercial area, Córrego dos Bois farm, in Canápolis, state of Minas Gerais, to evaluate two different processes of propagation, peduncle division and tissue culture. These same plants were characterized by RAPD analysis. According to the two propagation method, the peduncle division was efficient in seedlings propagation, in quantity as well as in quality, at a short period of time, resulting the same phenotype and genetic characteristics (RAPD analysis from the matrix descent plants. In the tissue culture method, the quantity of seedlings obtained were not good enough that could prove the use of a sophisticated methodology. Besides loosing 70% of the material, it was necessary to expend a long period of time, at

  12. Combining molecular-marker and chemical analysis of Capparis deciduas (Capparaceae in the Thar Desert of Western Rajasthan (India

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    Sushil Kumar

    2013-03-01

    ía extrema, a las precipitaciones impredecibles, y a las plantas que pueden crecer en la humedad limitada de los suelos arenosos. Capparis decidua se encuentra entre una las pocas plantas capaces de crecer bien en estas condiciones. Esta especie es altamente explotada y se ha tomado de forma natural, así los habitantes locales las han usado para varios propósitos, como alimento, madera y combustible, aunque sin ningún programa de manejo o esfuerzo por conservación. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en esta zona árida del oeste de Rajastán (India con el objetivo de obtener información molecular preliminar sobre este grupo de plantas. Se evaluó la diversidad entre 46 muestras de C. decidua usando parámetros químicos y marcadores de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD por sus siglas en inglés. Catorce parámetros químicos y ocho minerales (22 variables en total de los frutos de esta especie fueron estimados. Un total de 14 cebadores para RAPD produjeron 235 posiciones de bandas, de las cuales 81.27% fueron polimórficas. El coeficiente de similitud de Jaccard para los cebadores del RAPD varió entre 0.34 y 0.86 con un promedio de similitud genética de 0.50. De acuerdo con el coeficiente de variación observado, se encontró que el contenido de NDF fue el rasgo más variable, seguido por el almidón y los carbohidratos solubles. Los valores del coeficiente de disimilitud de Manhattan para los parámetros químicos osciló entre 0.02-0.31 con un promedio de 0.092. El presente estudio reveló una correlación muy baja (0.01 entre los parámetros químicos y las matrices basadas en RAPD. La baja correlación entre las matrices químicas y la basada en RAPD indicó que los dos métodos fueron diferentes y altamente variables. El estudio de la diversidad basada en su química ayudará en la selección de muestras nutricionalmente ricas para fines medicinales, mientras que la diversidad genética ayudará a enfrentar los desafíos naturales y encontrar formas

  13. Genetic diversity in three populations of Avicennia marina along the eastcoast of India by RAPD markers.

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    Hazarika, Dimendra; Thangaraj, M; Sahu, Sunil Kumar; Kathiresan, K

    2013-05-01

    Genetic diversity was analysed in three populations of the mangrove species, Avicennia marina by using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Ten random decamer primers were used to score the diversity from three locations of eastcoast of India: Parangipettai (Tamil Nadu), Kakkinada (Andhra Pradesh) and Sundarbans (West Bengal). These primers produced 388 scorable DNA fragments, of which 252 (64.98%) were polymorphic, 182 (46.90%) were monomorphic, and 14 (3.61%) were unique. RAPD banding patterns displayed variations between and within the populations, while, there was no morphological variation.

  14. Associação entre marcadores inflamatórios e fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres de Kolkata, W.B, Índia Asociación entre marcadores inflamatorios y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres de Kolkata, W.B, India Association between inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors in women from Kolkata, W.B, India

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    Debdutta Ganguli

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Recentes pesquisas tem se concentrado no uso de biomarcadores inflamatórios na previsão de risco cardiovascular. Entretanto, a informação é escassa em relação à associação entre esses marcadores inflamatórios com outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares em indianos asiáticos, particularmente em mulheres. OBJETIVO: Explorar a associação entre marcadores inflamatórios tais como proteína C-reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as e contagem de leucócitos (LEU e fatores de risco cardiovascular tais como adiposidade geral e central, pressão arterial, variáveis lipídicas e lipoproteicas e glicemia de jejum. MÉTODOS: Conduzimos uma análise transversal de 100 mulheres com idade entre 35-80 anos. As participantes foram selecionadas através da metodologia de amostragem por cluster, de 12 distritos urbanos selecionadas ao acaso na Corporação Municipal de Kolkata, Índia. RESULTADOS: A PCR-as apresentou uma associação significante com o índice de massa corporal (IMC (p FUNDAMENTO: Recientes investigaciones se han concentrado en el uso de biomarcadores inflamatorios en la previsión de riesgo cardiovascular. Entre tanto, la información es escasa en relación a la asociación entre esos marcadores inflamatorios con otros factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en indios asiáticos, particularmente en mujeres. OBJETIVO: Explorar la asociación entre marcadores inflamatorios tales como proteína C-reactiva de alta sensibilidad (PCR-as y recuento de leucocitos (LEU y factores de riesgo cardiovascular tales como adiposidad general y central, presión arterial, variables lipídicas y lipoproteicas y glucemia de ayuno. MÉTODOS: Condujimos un análisis transversal de 100 mujeres con edad entre 35-80 años. Las participantes fueron seleccionadas a través de la metodología de muestreo por cluster, de 12 distritos urbanos seleccionadas al azar en la Corporación Municipal de Kolkata, India. RESULTADOS: La PCR-as presentó una

  15. Genetic (RAPD) diversity between Oleria onega agarista and Oleria onega ssp. (Ithomiinae, Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera) in north-eastern Peru.

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    Gallusser, S; Guadagnuolo, R; Rahier, M

    2004-05-01

    Oleria onega agarista Felder and Felder and Oleria onega ssp. nov. are two Ithomiinae subspecies from north-eastern Peru, that differ for some morphological and behavioural traits. Two contact zones are known near the town of Tarapoto: Ahuashiyacu, where both subspecies cohabit but do not seem to hybridise, and Estero (near the village of Shapaja), where they apparently hybridise. Genetic differences between the two subspecies and between populations were investigated with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Both Cluster and Principal Coordinates Analyses (CCoA and PCoA) performed using these data, provided a clear but weak discrimination between the two subspecies. Genetic diversity is much higher within the populations than between them. Moreover, the geographically more distant populations are grouped together by the genetic data. Morphological traits on the wing patterns of the hybrids are intermediary between the two butterflies subspecies, while RAPDs data place them closer to O. onega agarista than to O. onega ssp. The individuals of the Ahuashiyacu population are clearly separated into two groups, those of O. onega ssp. and O. onega agarista, by both morphology and RAPDs data. Moreover, none of those individuals show RAPD similarity with the hybrids, suggesting that hybridisation has not occurred in this population.

  16. Molecular differentiation of sheep and cattle isolates of Fasciola hepatica using RAPD-PCR

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    Khakpour, M.

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Understanding genetic structure and status of genetic variation of Fasciola hepatica isolates from different hosts, has important implications on epidemiology and effective control of fasciolosis. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR was used to study the genetic variation of F. hepatica in sheep and cattle. DNA was extracted from adult helminthes removed from livers of each infected animal in slaughterhouse at East-Azerbaijan province, North-West of Iran. DNA template amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, using three oligonucleotide decamers with arbitrary DNA sequences as primers. RAPD patterns showed the specific but different pattern DNA patterns for each primer. The intraspecific similarity coefficient within two isolates of F. hepatica was ranged between 69 to 100%. Present findings showed that the interspecific genetic distance was higher than intraspecific genetic distances (19-47% compares to 0-19%. Pair wise similarity matrices generated from each isolates-primer combination were totaled and the similarity coefficient between strains were calculated both manually (Nei and Li method and software analysis (Free-Tree-Freeware program. The inferred phylogenetic tree on the fingerprinting of these isolates clearly demonstrated the existence of population genetic diversity sub structuring within F. hepatica of sheep and cattle of Iran, raising interesting questions on the host specificity, epidemiology (e.g., zoonotic transmission and ecology of this fluke. RAPD-PCR is useful for both individual identification and epidemiological investigations in endemic regions.

  17. Assessment of genetic diversity in Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea using ISSR and RAPD markers

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    Ranjekar Prabhakar K

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Various species of genus Trigonella are important from medical and culinary aspect. Among these, Trigonella foenum-graecum is commonly grown as a vegetable. This anti-diabetic herb can lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Another species, Trigonella caerulea is used as food in the form of young seedlings. This herb is also used in cheese making. However, little is known about the genetic variation present in these species. In this report we describe the use of ISSR and RAPD markers to study genetic diversity in both, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea. Results Seventeen accessions of Trigonella foenum-graecum and nine accessions of Trigonella caerulea representing various countries were analyzed using ISSR and RAPD markers. Genetic diversity parameters (average number of alleles per polymorphic locus, percent polymorphism, average heterozygosity and marker index were calculated for ISSR, RAPD and ISSR+RAPD approaches in both the species. Dendrograms were constructed using UPGMA algorithm based on the similarity index values for both Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea. The UPGMA analysis showed that plants from different geographical regions were distributed in different groups in both the species. In Trigonella foenum-graecum accessions from Pakistan and Afghanistan were grouped together in one cluster but accessions from India and Nepal were grouped together in another cluster. However, in both the species accessions from Turkey did not group together and fell in different clusters. Conclusions Based on genetic similarity indices, higher diversity was observed in Trigonella caerulea as compared to Trigonella foenum-graecum. The genetic similarity matrices generated by ISSR and RAPD markers in both species were highly correlated (r = 0.78 at p = 0.001 for Trigonella foenum-graecum and r = 0.98 at p = 0.001 for Trigonella caerulea indicating congruence between these two systems

  18. RAPD and Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence Analyses Reveal Zea nicaraguensis as a Section Luxuriantes Species Close to Zea luxurians

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Pei; Lu, Yanli; Zheng, Mingmin; Rong, Tingzhao; Tang, Qilin

    2011-01-01

    Genetic relationship of a newly discovered teosinte from Nicaragua, Zea nicaraguensis with waterlogging tolerance, was determined based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA using 14 accessions from Zea species. RAPD analysis showed that a total of 5,303 fragments were produced by 136 random decamer primers, of which 84.86% bands were polymorphic. RAPD-based UPGMA analysis demonstrated that the genus Zea can be divided into section Luxuriantes including Zea diploperennis, Zea luxurians, Zea perennis and Zea nicaraguensis, and section Zea including Zea mays ssp. mexicana, Zea mays ssp. parviglumis, Zea mays ssp. huehuetenangensis and Zea mays ssp. mays. ITS sequence analysis showed the lengths of the entire ITS region of the 14 taxa in Zea varied from 597 to 605 bp. The average GC content was 67.8%. In addition to the insertion/deletions, 78 variable sites were recorded in the total ITS region with 47 in ITS1, 5 in 5.8S, and 26 in ITS2. Sequences of these taxa were analyzed with neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods to construct the phylogenetic trees, selecting Tripsacum dactyloides L. as the outgroup. The phylogenetic relationships of Zea species inferred from the ITS sequences are highly concordant with the RAPD evidence that resolved two major subgenus clades. Both RAPD and ITS sequence analyses indicate that Zea nicaraguensis is more closely related to Zea luxurians than the other teosintes and cultivated maize, which should be regarded as a section Luxuriantes species. PMID:21525982

  19. Genetic diversity analysis of chewing sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. varieties by using RAPD markers

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    S. M. Sarid Ullah

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available In the present study an efficient and easy method was followed for the isolation of DNA from meristem cylinder in five chewing sugarcane varieties, namely Amrita, Bomaby, Babulal (Co.527, Q83 and Misrimala. The quality and quantity of DNA were assured by visual estimation using agarose gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometry. The highest amount of DNA was retrieved from the Amrita (3250 ng/ml and the lowest amount was attained from the variety Q83 (1450 ng/ml. The amount of recovered DNA was enough for PCR amplification and marker studies such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD. Using RAPD markers, bands obtained from fingerprinting (190 bp to 1200 bp showed 73.5% polymorphism. The dendrogram, based on linkage distance using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA, indicated segregation of the five chewing varieties of sugarcane into two main clusters. Amrita, Bombay and Misrimala were grouped in cluster 1 (C1 followed by sub-clusters. Babulal and Q83 were grouped in cluster 2 (C2. The results of the present investigation also revealed that the twenty RAPD primers were able to identify and classify the chewing sugarcane varieties based on their genetic relationship.

  20. Molecular Polymorphisms in Tunisian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. as Revealed by RAPD Fingerprints

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    Jemni Chibani

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The genetic diversity among Tunisian pomegranate cultivars has been investigated. Using universal primers, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD method was used to generate banding profiles from a set of twelve cultivars. Data was then computed with appropriate programs to construct a dendrogram illustrating the relationships between the studied cultivars. Our data proved the efficiency of the designed method to examine the DNA polymorphism in this crop since the tested primers are characterized by a collective resolving power of 12.83. In addition, the cluster analysis has exhibited a parsimonious tree branching independent from the geographic origin of the cultivars. In spite of the relatively low number of primers and cultivars, RAPD constitutes an appropriate procedure to assess the genetic diversity and to survey the phylogenetic relationships in this crop.

  1. Prevalência de marcadores sorológicos do vírus da hepatite B em trabalhadores do serviço hospitalar

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    Fernandes José V.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de marcadores sorológicos do vírus da hepatite B (VHB e identificar fatores de risco, de transmissão desse vírus, no ambiente hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados 210 indivíduos de diversas profissões que trabalham em hospital universitário. O método empregado foi o ELISA e utilizou-se, como grupo-controle, 45 doadores voluntários de sangue. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 20,5% dos profissionais que trabalham no hospital apresentavam positividade para, pelo menos, um dos três marcadores dos vírus pesquisados, contra 6,6% do grupo-controle. Nos trabalhadores do hospital, a prevalência de cada marcador isoladamente foi: anti-HBc 8,1%, anti-HBs 5,2% e AgHBs 2,9% , sendo que em 4,3% desses indivíduos foi detectada a presença simultânea dos marcadores anti-HBc e anti-HBs. No grupo-controle, foi detectada apenas a presença dos marcadores anti-HBc e anti-HBs, isoladamente, com prevalências de 4,4 e 2,2%, respectivamente. Os maiores índices de positividade observados foram: pessoal de laboratório, 24,0%; pessoal de enfermagem, 23,6%; médicos, 20,8%; e pessoal da limpeza, 18,2%. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados indicam que os profissionais da saúde estão mais expostos à infecção pelo VHB, sugerindo que o contato com pacientes e a manipulação de fluidos corporais são fatores de risco de transmissão ocupacional desse vírus, recomendando-se a vacinação desses profissionais contra a hepatite B.

  2. Marcadores moleculares derivados de sequências expressas do genoma café potencialmente envolvidas na resistência à ferrugem

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    Samuel Mazzinghy Alvarenga

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores moleculares relacionados à resistência do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica à ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix. Foram identificadas sequências de DNA potencialmente envolvidas na resistência do cafeeiro a doenças, por meio de análise "in silico", a partir das informações geradas pelo Projeto Brasileiro do Genoma Café. A partir das sequências mineradas, foram desenhados 59 pares de iniciadores para amplificá-las. Os 59 iniciadores foram testados em 12 cafeeiros resistentes e 12 susceptíveis a H. vastatrix. Vinte e sete iniciadores resultaram em bandas únicas e bem definidas, enquanto um deles amplificou fragmento de DNA em todos os cafeeiros resistentes, mas não nos suscetíveis. Esse marcador molecular polimórfico amplificou uma região do DNA que corresponde a uma janela aberta de leitura parcial do genoma de C. arabica que codifica uma proteína de resistência a doenças. O marcador CARF 005 é capaz de diferenciar os cafeeiros analisados em resistentes e susceptíveis a H. vastatrix.

  3. A modification to the SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region method provides phylogenetic insights within Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae Una modificación al método SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region aporta entendimiento filogenético en Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae

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    Dolores González

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Phylogenetic relationships among closely related plant species are still problematic. DNA intergenic regions often are insufficiently variable to provide desired resolution or support. In this study, a modification to the Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR method was used to find polymorphic loci for phylogenetic analyses within Ceratozamia. RAPD markers were first used to detect variation in 5 species. Then, equal length fragments found in 2 or more species were excised from the gel, purified and digested with frequent cutter restriction enzymes for isolating both ends, which have the same primer site. Digested fragments were sequenced with the RAPD primer. Variable sequences were used to design specific primers for amplifying and sequencing in all species for phylogenetic analyses. Our results confirmed the previously known high genome sequence resemblance within this genus that contrasts with its high morphological variation. Only 7 parsimony informative characters were found with this approach. Nonetheless, the Digested-SCAR (D-SCAR method provided some phylogenetic insights. Four main clades consistent with distribution ranges of the species were detected. The approach presented here was effective to solve some relationships within the genus and can potentially be implemented in other organisms to find polymorphic loci for phylogenetic studies at any taxonomic level.Las relaciones filogenéticas entre especies de plantas cercanamente relacionadas es aún problemático. Las regiones intergénicas del ADN son a menudo insuficientemente variables para proveer los niveles de resolución y soporte deseados. En este estudio, se usó una modificación al método Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR para encontrar loci polimórficos para análisis filogenéticos en Ceratozamia. Primero se usaron marcadores RAPD para detectar variación en 5 especies; luego, se cortaron del gel los fragmentos de la misma longitud en 2 o m

  4. Phylogenetic relationship among five geckos from Egypt based on RAPD-PCR and protein electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE

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    Nadia H.M. Sayed

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Genetic variations between five gekkonid species from Egypt; Tropiocolotes tripolitanus, Tropiocolotes steudneri, Tropiocolotes nattereri, Tarentola mauritanica and Tarentola annularis were analyzed by SDS–PAGE for water soluble proteins and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD analysis. Based on SDS–PAGE of water soluble proteins for all species, the obtained results revealed a total of 17 bands at molecular weights that ranged from 95 to 16 kDa. The polymorphic bands among species were 11 (64.7% and the mean similarity matrix value between them was 70.7%. Using RAPD-PCR, the results showed eight total amplified bands at molecular weights that ranged from 1408 to 360 bp. The polymorphic bands between species were 7 (87.5% and the mean similarity matrix between them was 44.6%. The dendrogram showed that, the five gekkonid species are separated from each other into two clusters. The first cluster contains three species of the genus Tropiocolotes. The second cluster includes the two species of the genus Tarentola. Based on SDS–PAGE and RAPD-PCR results, T. nattereri is sister to T. steudneri with higher genetic similarity than with T. tripolitanus. It is concluded that, the similarity coefficient and the genetic distance values between the five gekkonid species indicate that the five gekkonid species are not identical and are separated from each other. From these results, it is indicated that the protein and RAPD analysis are useful molecular tools to indicate genetic variation between the species in the same genus or in the different genera.

  5. Comparison of RAPD, RFLP, AFLP and SSR markers for diversity studies in tropical maize inbred lines

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    Antonio A. F. Garcia

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available In order to compare their relative efficiencies as markers and to find the most suitable marker for maize diversity studies we evaluated 18 inbred tropical maize lines using a number of different loci as markers. The loci used were: 774 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs; 262 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs; 185 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs; and 68 simple sequence repeats (SSR. For estimating genetic distance the AFLP and RFLP markers gave the most correlated results, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.87. Bootstrap analysis were used to evaluate the number of loci for the markers and the coefficients of variation (CV revealed a skewed distribution. The dominant markers (AFLP and RAPD had small CV values indicating a skewed distribution while the codominant markers gave high CV values. The use of maximum values of genetic distance CVs within each sample size was efficient in determining the number of loci needed to obtain a maximum CV of 10%. The number of RFLP and AFLP loci used was enough to give CV values of below 5%, while the SSRs and RAPD loci gave higher CV values. Except for the RAPD markers, all the markers correlated genetic distance with single cross performance and heterosis which showed that they could be useful in predicting single cross performance and heterosis in intrapopulation crosses for broad-based populations. Our results indicate that AFLP seemed to be the best-suited molecular assay for fingerprinting and assessing genetic relationships among tropical maize inbred lines with high accuracy.

  6. Genetic and metabolic diversity in Stevia rebaudiana using RAPD and HPTLC analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chester, Karishma; Tamboli, Ennus Tajuddin; Parveen, Rabea; Ahmad, Sayeed

    2013-06-01

    Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae) is an important medicinal plant and is much used due to its zero calories sweetening property. Stevia leaves as well as its extracts and pure compounds are currently used in the preparation of several medicines, food products and neutraceuticals. To study the genetic and metabolic variability in S. rebaudiana among accessions of different geographical regions of India using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. The RAPD analysis of Stevia rebaudiana (11 accessions) was carried out using 20 random operon primers. Dendrogram was constructed for cluster analysis based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) using Winboot. The HPTLC analysis of all samples was carried out on silica using acetone:ethyl acetate:water (5:4:1, v/v/v) for fingerprinting and quantification of stevioside and rebaudioside A at 360 nm after spraying with anisaldehyde sulphuric acid. Ten out of 20 primers screened were found most informative; amplification products of the genotypes yielded a total of 87 scorable bands (67 polymorphic), whereas genetic similarity (GS) coefficient (0.01-0.08) and polymorphism (67.24-92.40%) showed huge variability. Similarly, HPTLC analysis showed large variation among different samples with respect to their presence or absence of metabolite and their concentration. Out of the 11 Stevia accessions, Delhi and Mohali varieties showed much relatedness with each other and were concluded to be the superior genotype in context to RAPD and HPTLC analysis. The information obtained here could be valuable for devising strategies for cultivating this medicinal plant.

  7. RAPD-PCR characterization of lactobacilli isolated from artisanal meat plants and traditional fermented sausages of Veneto region (Italy).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andrighetto, C; Zampese, L; Lombardi, A

    2001-07-01

    The study was carried out to evaluate the use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) as a method for the identification of lactobacilli isolated from meat products. RAPD-PCR with primers M13 and D8635 was applied to the identification and intraspecific differentiation of 53 lactobacilli isolates originating from traditional fermented sausages and artisanal meat plants of the Veneto region (Italy). Most of the isolates were assigned to the species Lactobacillus sakei and Lact. curvatus; differentiation of groups of strains within the species was also possible. RAPD-PCR could be applied to the identification of lactobacilli species most commonly found in meat products. The method, which is easy and rapid to perform, could be useful for the study of the lactobacilli populations present in fermented sausages, and could help in the selection of candidate strains to use as starter cultures in meat fermentation.

  8. Detection and genetic distance of resistant populations of Pseudosuccinea columella (Mollusca: Lymnaeidae) to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea) using RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Calienes, Aymé Fernandez; Fraga, Jorge; Pointier, Jean-Pierre; Yong, Mary; Sanchez, Jorge; Coustau, Christine; Gutiérrez, Alfredo; Théron, André

    2004-09-01

    Twelve natural populations of Pseudosuccinea columella snails, sampled in the western and central regions of Cuba, were analyzed using the RAPD-PCR technique to screen for resistance to Fasciola hepatica. Ten OPA primers previously shown to produce marker bands for resistance and susceptibility were tested. A new population of P. columella (El Azufre, Pinar del Río) exhibited the amplification patterns of resistant snails, and its resistant status was confirmed after experimental exposure to miracidia. No genetic variability was detected across or within the susceptible isolates. Similarly, the novel resistant isolate displayed an RAPD profile identical to the profile of two other isolates previously identified as resistant to F. hepatica. However, clear differences in RAPD banding patterns and genetic distance were observed between resistant and susceptible isolates.

  9. Distribuição de famílias de diptera em uma área urbana de Brasília, DF - doi: 10.5102/ucs.v9i1.1200

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    Francisco de Assis Franco Rochefort

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available A identificação de insetos, quando esses são vestígios, é uma importante ferramenta para a solução de crimes. Contudo, em virtude da grande diversidade de espécies, o trabalho de identificação apenas por características morfológicas torna-se difícil. A análise de DNA por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA e DNA mitocondrial apresentam potencial para a identificação das espécies de insetos e poderão subsidiar a estimativa do intervalo post mortem (IPM. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a distribuição de frequência acumulada de insetos da ordem Diptera de interesse forense em uma localidade do Distrito Federal, visando gerar subsídios para estimativas do IPM e identificar indivíduos da espécie Chrysomya albiceps por marcadores RAPD e mitocondriais. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo logístico é adequado para descrever a distribuição de frequência acumulada de moscas das famílias Calliphoridae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Além disso, um fragmento de RAPD de 580 pb e de DNAmt de 350 pb pode ser aplicado na identificação de C. albiceps. Assim, se estabeleceu um método molecular de identificação de uma espécie de interesse forense que poderá servir de auxílio na identificação de vestígios incompletos ou imaturos de dípteros.

  10. Genetic variability of Pantaneiro horse using RAPD-PCR markers

    OpenAIRE

    Egito,Andréa Alves do; Fuck,Beatriz Helena; McManus,Concepta; Paiva,Samuel Rezende; Albuquerque,Maria do Socorro Maués; Santos,Sandra Aparecida; Abreu,Urbano Gomes Pinto de; Silva,Joaquim Augusto da; Sereno,Fabiana Tavares Pires de Souza; Mariante,Arthur da Silva

    2007-01-01

    Blood samples were collected from Pantaneiro Horses in five regions of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso States. Arabian, Mangalarga Marchador and Thoroughbred were also included to estimate genetic distances and the existing variability among and within these breeds by RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction) molecular markers. From 146 primers, 13 were chosen for amplification and 44 polymorphic bands were generated. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA)...

  11. POLIAMINAS COMO MARCADORES BIOQUÍMICOS DE SALINIDADE EM CALOS DE Eucalyptus urograndis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available Marcadores bioquímicos têm sido usados na análise de plantas submetidas a vários tipos de estresse, entre eles a salinidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o estresse salino em calos de Eucalyptus urograndis em relação ao conteúdo de poliaminas. Explantes (hipocótilos obtidos de sementes foram inoculados em meio indutivo de calos e foram submetidos a diferentes níveis de NaCl e analisados aos 10, 20 e 30 dias de inoculação. As poliaminas livres foram extraídas, isoladas e quantificadas usando TLC (Cromatografia de Camada Delgada. O conteúdo de putrescina foi maior, enquanto que o conteúdo de espermidina apresentou decréscimo, em calos submetidos a condições salinas. Os resultados mostram que o acúmulo de putrescina está relacionado com a exposição a NaCl em calos de Eucalyptus urograndis. A diminuição do conteúdo de espermina pode ser usada como marcador bioquímico de calos de Eucalyptus sujeitos à salinidade.

  12. Polimorfismo en el gen COMT en una muestra de gestantes normales y con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino en un hospital de Lima

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    José Pacheco-Romero

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: Los procesos fisiopatológicos que ocurren a nivel celular y molecular en la restricción de crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU son aún desconocidos. La catecol-O-metiltransferasa (COMT es una enzima de fase II que inactiva los catecol estrógenos al transferir un grupo metílico. Se conoce un polimorfismo funcional Val158 Met en el gen COMT como un marcador susceptible para diversas enfermedades maternoperinatales, existiendo estudios que sugieren que el alelo que codifica una COMT de baja actividad puede ser un marcador susceptible para RCIU. Por lo tanto, el estudio del polimorfismo COMT ofrece una nueva estrategia para la evaluación de marcadores genéticos que pueden ser utilizados para la detección de ciertas alteraciones asociadas al embarazo. Objetivos: Establecer la asociación entre el polimorfismo Val158Met catecol-O-metiltransferasa (COMT y la restricción de crecimiento intrauterino. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Diseño: Estudio tipo relacional (asociativo, con diseño observacional, tipo caso-control (no experimental. Materiales: Muestra de sangre materna de parturientas. Métodos: Durante el año 2011, se obtuvo 81 muestras para genotipaje del gen COMT. De ellas, 26 (32,1% correspondieron a parturientas con RCIU (casos y 55 (67,9% a muestras de madres de hijos sin RCIU (controles. La distribución de los genotipos fue evaluada usando la prueba de chi cuadrado. Se comprobó la distribución proporcional de los genotipos en los grupos con RCIU y sin RCIU con la hipótesis nula de Hardy-Weinberg. Las madres participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado. Principales medidas de resultados: Asociación entre los genotipos COMT y la RCIU, y entre los alelos COMT Val/Met y la RCIU. Resultados: Las distribuciones de los genotipos en los grupos con RCIU y sin RCIU estuvieron de acuerdo a la hipótesis nula de Hardy-Weinberg. Al relacionar los genotipos COMT Val

  13. Evidências de validade de marcadores reduzidos para a avaliação da personalidade no modelo dos cinco grandes fatores

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    Nelson Hauck Filho

    Full Text Available Instrumentos psicométricos breves para a avaliação da personalidade têm recebido uma crescente atenção. Até o momento, entretanto, existia a carência de tais instrumentos no contexto brasileiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento reduzido para mensurar os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF, derivado de um instrumento originalmente com 64 marcadores. Os participantes foram 674 estudantes universitários (média de idade = 23,5; DP = 6,46. Foram utilizados critérios teórico-semânticos e estatísticos para eleger um conjunto reduzido de marcadores. A solução fatorial final contou com 25 marcadores, sendo cinco para cada um dos CGF, explicando 53,92% da variância. Ao final, discute-se a necessidade de estudos subsequentes avaliando a validade convergente do instrumento, bem como potencialidades do mesmo.

  14. Molecular characterization of Aspergillus infections in an Iranian educational hospital using RAPD-PCR method

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    Kambiz Diba

    2014-09-01

    Conclusion: The hospital sources for the Aspergillus clinical isolates included air condition and walls. RAPD-PCR analysis can play a trivial role to find the hospital sources of Aspergillus clinical isolates.

  15. Cortesía verbal y modalidad: Los marcadores discursivos

    OpenAIRE

    Cepeda,Gladys; Poblete,María Teresa

    2006-01-01

    El trabajo muestra evidencia, a nivel del contexto de entrevista clínica a mujeres pacientes, que los marcadores discursivos están implicados en la marcación de las estrategias de cortesía verbal y de la modalidad del discurso. Los análisis realizados se enmarcan en lateoría de la pragmática, el análisis conversacional y las estrategias de cortesía, facilitadoras de las relaciones sociales y la expresión de los roles de los interactantes (Brown & Levinson,1987). Los resultados del análisi...

  16. Impact of gamma rays on the Phaffia rhodozyma genome revealed by RAPD-PCR.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Najafi, N; Hosseini, Ramin; Ahmadi, Ar

    2011-12-01

    Phaffia rhodozyma is a red yeast which produces astaxanthin as the major carotenoid pigment. Astaxanthin is thought to reduce the incidence of cancer and degenerative diseases in man. It also enhances the immune response and acts as a free-radical quencher, a precursor of vitamin A, or a pigment involved in the visual attraction of animals as mating partners. The impact of gamma irradiation was studied on the Phaffia rhodozyma genome. Ten mutant strains, designated Gam1-Gam10, were obtained using gamma irradiation. Ten decamer random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were employed to assess genetic changes. Nine primers revealed scorable polymorphisms and a total of 95 band positions were scored; amongst which 38 bands (37.5%) were polymorphic. Primer F with 3 bands and primer J20 with 13 bands produced the lowest and the highest number of bands, respectively. Primer A16 produced the highest number of polymorphic bands (70% polymorphism) and primer F showed the lowest number of polymorphic bands (0% polymorphism). Genetic distances were calculated using Jaccard's coefficient and the UPGMA method. A dendrogram was created using SPSS (version 11.5) and the strains were clustered into four groups. RAPD markers could distinguish between the parental and the mutant strains of P. rhodozyma. RAPD technique showed that some changes had occurred in the genome of the mutated strains. This technique demonstrated the capability to differentiate between the parental and the mutant strains.

  17. Molecular Characterization of Selected Local and Exotic Cattle Using RAPD Marker

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    M. Mahfuza Khatun

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available In order to develop specific genetic markers and determine the genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native cattle (Pabna, Red Chittagong and exotic breeds (Sahiwal, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD analysis was performed using 12 primers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 20 cattle (local and exotic blood samples and extracted DNA was observed by gel electrophoresis. Among the random primers three were matched and found to be polymorphic. Genetic relations between cattle’s were determined by RAPD polymorphisms from a total of 66.67%. Statistical analysis of the data, estimating the genetic distances between cattle and sketching the cluster trees were estimated by using MEGA 5.05 software. Comparatively highest genetic distance (0.834 was found between RCC-82 and SL-623. The lowest genetic distance (0.031 was observed between M-1222 and M-5730. The genetic diversity of Red Chittagong and Sahiwal cattle was relatively higher for a prescribed breed. Adequate diversity in performance and adaptability can be exploited from the study results for actual improvement accruing to conservation and development of indigenous cattle resources.

  18. ESTUDIO DE LA DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DE 20 ACCESIONES DE CACAO (Theobroma cacao L. MEDIANTE AP-PCR DE LA COLECCIÓN DEL CENTRO DEL CACAO DE AROMA TENGUEL EN LA FINCA EXPERIMENTAL LA BUSETA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mercedes Susana Carranza Patiño

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio consistió en determinar la diversidad genética basada en los marcadores RAPD´s (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA de 20 accesiones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.de la variedad Nacional, con características de productividad, y niveles de resistencia, susceptibilidad y tolerancia a las rincipales enfermedades causadas por hongos como Ceratocistys fimbriata, Moniliophtora roreri y Crinipelis perniciosa. Este germoplasma de cacao se encuentra localizado en el Centro de Cacao de Aroma Tenguel, en la Finca Experimental “La Buseta” propiedad de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo. La extracción de ADN se la realizó utilizando el protocolo de Doyle & Doyle (1990 con algunas modificaciones. 14 oligonucleótidos fueron utilizados para la obtención de marcadores RAPD´s, de los cuales 9 amplificaron productos reproducibles OPA-15, OPC-07, OPC-9, OPC-4, OPC-3, OPC-1, OPA-12 OPC-13 y OPA-7. Los productos de amplificación fueron migrados en geles de agarosa al 1.2% a 90 voltios por una hora. Los marcadores moleculares fueron analizados por medio de una matriz de datos binarios para calcular las distancias genéticas. Los nueve cebadores utilizados generaron 67 bandas de las cuales 59 (88% fueron polimórficas. El dendrograma mostró dos grupos A y B, en el grupo A se incluyo dos accesiones, y en el grupo B se encuentran los 18 restantes el cual incluye 2 subgrupos B1 y B2 en el subgrupo B1 se incluye la accesión (L-22-H-40, y en el subgrupo B2 están incluidas las accesiones que poseen características de productividad. El nivel de diversidad más alto se obtuvo con los oligonucleótidos OPC 04 (0.80, OPC 07 (0.82. El cebador OPC 01 (0.37 reportó el nivel más bajo. Las accesiones (L-22-H-40 (O.75, (L-34-H-07 (0.86 y el (L-42-H-60 (0.72 presentaron los niveles de variabilidad más altos, siendo los valores más bajos los mostrados por las accesiones (L-26-H-64 (O.48 y (L-23-H63 (O.47. El valor de la diversidad

  19. Estimation of genetic distance among genotypes of caraway (Carum carvi L. using RAPD-PCR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available In order to estimate genetic diversity among starting materials and breeding strains of caraway, a collection of 17 accessions from botanical gardens in Europe, two cultivars ‘Rekord’ and ‘Kończewicki’, and four own breeding strains were analyzed by RAPD-PCR. The representative samples, each of five individual plants of accession, cultivar or strain, were taken from young rosette leaves. Forty of Genset Oligos RAPD primers were used for analysis and eight of them produced clear and reproducible banding patterns. In total, 62 banding patterns were obtained revealing 23 polymorphic bands, whereas the number of polymorphic bands ranged from two to four for one primer. The GS12 and GS43 primers generated two polymorphic bands, while each of the GS8, GS21, GS22, GS41 and GS53 primers generated three bands. The GS53 primer was the most informative one, revealing 60% of the estimated polymorphism. The estimated value of genetic distance ranged from 0.22 to 0.67. The lowest genetic distance was found between accessions from Cluj and Lousanne (0.22. The highest genetic distance was estimated between accession fromBerlinand the strain no. 6 of cultivar ‘Kończewicki’ (0.67. UPGMA cluster analysis, based on eight RAPD primers, categorized the analyzed genotypes into four groups.

  20. Caracterização molecular de acessos de mandioca biofortificados com potencial de uso no melhoramento genético Molecular characterization of biofortified cassava accessions with potential for use in genetic improvement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Alano Vieira

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available A mandioca apresenta potencial como fonte de carotenóides na alimentação humana, em especial β-caroteno (nas raízes amarelas e licopeno (nas raízes rosadas. Assim, a possibilidade da mandioca ser, além de fonte de calorias, uma fonte de vitaminas e antioxidantes, é encarada como forma de melhorar a nutrição dos habitantes de países em desenvolvimento. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se caracterizar por meio de marcadores RAPD 20 acessos de mandioca biofortificados com potencial de uso no melhoramento genético. Os acessos foram avaliados por meio de marcadores RAPD, sendo posteriormente estimada a matriz de similaridade genética entre os acessos, por meio do índice de Jaccard. A análise por meio de 12 iniciadores gerou um total de 144 bandas das quais 120 (83% foram polimórficas. A análise de agrupamento revelou a formação três grupos, sendo o grupo um formado por sete acessos com cor da polpa da raiz rosada e dois acessos com cor da polpa da raiz amarela, o grupo dois formado por oito acessos com cor da polpa da raiz amarela e um acesso com cor da polpa da raiz rosada e o grupo três formado pelos acessos melhorados com cor da polpa da raiz creme e branca. Os marcadores RAPD foram eficientes na determinação da variabilidade genética entre acessos de mandioca com cor da polpa da raiz amarela, rosada, creme e branca, diferenciaram os acessos melhorados dos demais acessos e revelaram uma tendência de separação dos acessos com cor da polpa da raiz rosada dos com a cor da polpa da raiz amarela.Cassava presents potential as source of carotenoids for human diet, in special β-carotene (within the yellow roots and lycopene (within the pinkish roots. So, the possibility for cassava to be, besides source of calories, source of vitamins and antioxidants as well is faced as a manner to improve the nutrition of inhabitants of developing countries. In the present work, the aim was to characterize by RAPD markers 20 accessions of

  1. Effect of nickel on regeneration in Jatropha curcas L. and assessment of genotoxicity using RAPD markers

    KAUST Repository

    Sarkar, Tanmoy

    2010-07-08

    The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nickel on shoot regeneration in tissue culture as well as to identify polymorphisms induced in leaf explants exposed to nickel through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In vitro leaf explants of Jatropha curcas were grown in nickel amended Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at four different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) for 3 weeks. Percent regeneration, number of shoots produced and genotoxic effects were evaluated by RAPD using leaf explants obtained from the first three treatments following 5 weeks of their subsequent subculture in metal free MS medium. Percent regeneration decreased with increase in addition of nickel to the medium up to 14 days from 42.31% in control to zero in 1.0 mM. The number of shoot buds scored after 5 weeks was higher in control as compared to all other treatments except in one of the metal free subculture medium wherein the shoot number was higher in 0.01 mM treatment (mean = 7.80) than control (mean = 7.60). RAPD analysis produced only 5 polymorphic bands (3.225%) out of a total of 155 bands from 18 selected primers. Only three primers OPK-19, OPP-2, OPN-08 produced polymorphic bands. The dendrogram showed three groups A, B, and C. Group A samples showed 100% genetic similarity within them. Samples between groups B and C were more genetically distant from each other as compared to samples between groups A and B as well as groups A and C. Cluster analysis based on RAPD data correlated with treatments. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

  2. Genetic variability among Commelina weed species from the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil Variabilidade genética entre espécies de plantas daninhas do gênero Commelina provenientes dos estados do Paraná e São Paulo, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.C. Rocha

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available This work aims to carry out a comparative analysis using RAPD molecular markers in four Commelina weed species from the state of Paraná and C. benghalensis populations from the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil. The genomic plant DNA sample was extracted from the leaves, separated, randomly fragmented and amplified by PCR. Random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments (RAPD markers were analyzed by using POPGENE statistical program. Eighty-five primer sequences were tested but only three were suitable as molecular markers producing 37 DNA polymorphic fragments for comparisons among four Commelina species and 22 polymorphic fragments for comparisons among C. benghalensis populations. The results showed that there were inter-specific and intra-specific genetic variabilities among Commelina plant genera. Genetic diversity analysis between species indicated four mono-specific clusters and it was suggested to keep C. villosa as one species. Regarding the intra-specific genetic variability of C. benghalensis alone, three groups were verified, although there were 13 populations from two geographical areas. However, these clusters do not correspond to the distinct characteristics verified.O presente trabalho procurou analisar a variabilidade genética, utilizando-se de marcadores RAPD, comparando quatro espécies de Commelina procedentes do Estado do Paraná e entre populações de C. benghalensis procedentes dos Estados do Paraná e São Paulo. Foi amostrado o DNA genômico extraído das folhas, o qual foi separado, fragmentado aleatoriamente e amplificado por PCR. Os fragmentos polimórficos de DNA (marcadores RAPD foram analisados pelo programa estatístico POPGENE. Oitenta e cinco primers foram testados, mas somente três sequências foram consideradas marcadores moleculares, produzindo 37 bandas de DNA polimórfico para comparação entre as quatro espécies de Commelina e outras 22 para comparação entre as populações de C. benghalensis

  3. Análise de distância genética entre acessos do gênero Psidium via marcadores ISSR

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    Názila Nayara Silva de Oliveira

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distância genética entre 37 acessos da espécie cultivada Psidium guajava, L. (goiaba e de araçás do gênero Psidium do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF, via marcadores moleculares ISSR. Nos 17 marcadores selecionados, foram obtidas 216 bandas polimórficas. Pelo método de agrupamento UPGMA, houve a formação de cinco principais grupos. Os acessos de araçá da espécie P. cattleyanum Sabine , ficaram alocados nos grupos I e II. No grupo II, foi observada, dentro da espécie P cattleyanum, maior proximidade com a goiabeira. No grupo III, ficou alocado o acesso da espécie P. guineense Sw (araçá-do-campo e dentre os araçás, foi o que ficou mais próximo da goiaba. Os genótipos de goiabeira ficaram alocados do grupo IV e V, confirmando sua alta divergência. Os marcadores moleculares foram eficientes em estimar a distância genética intra e interespecífica.

  4. Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for generating specific DNA probes for oxyuroid species (Nematoda).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jobet, E; Bougnoux, M E; Morand, S; Rivault, C; Cloarec, A; Hugot, J P

    1998-03-01

    Random amplified DNA markers (RAPD; Williams et al., 1990) were used to obtained specific RAPD fragments characterising different species of oxyuroids. We tested six species of worms parasitizing vertebrates or invertebrates: Passalurus ambiguus Rudolphi, 1819, parasite of Leporids; Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Seurat, 1916, a parasite of rodents; Blatticola blattae (Graeffe, 1860) Chitwood, 1932 parasite of the cockroach Blattella germanica; Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Hammerschmidt, 1838) Chitwood, 1932 and Thelastoma bulhoesi (Magalhaes, 1990) Travassos, 1929, parasites of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, and an undescribed parasite species of a passalid insect from New Caledonia. Among 15 oligonucleotides tested, nine produced several specific bands allowing the interspecific discrimination.

  5. Molecular characterization and identification of markers for toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas L. using RAPD, AFLP and SSR markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sudheer Pamidimarri, D V N; Singh, Sweta; Mastan, Shaik G; Patel, Jalpa; Reddy, Muppala P

    2009-07-01

    Jatropha curcas L., a multipurpose shrub has acquired significant economic importance for its seed oil which can be converted to biodiesel, is emerging as an alternative to petro-diesel. The deoiled seed cake remains after oil extraction is toxic and cannot be used as a feed despite having best nutritional contents. No quantitative and qualitative differences were observed between toxic and non-toxic varieties of J. curcas except for phorbol esters content. Development of molecular marker will enable to differentiate non-toxic from toxic variety in a mixed population and also help in improvement of the species through marker assisted breeding programs. The present investigation was undertaken to characterize the toxic and non-toxic varieties at molecular level and to develop PCR based molecular markers for distinguishing non-toxic from toxic or vice versa. The polymorphic markers were successfully identified specific to non-toxic and toxic variety using RAPD and AFLP techniques. Totally 371 RAPD, 1,442 AFLP markers were analyzed and 56 (15.09%) RAPD, 238 (16.49%) AFLP markers were found specific to either of the varieties. Genetic similarity between non-toxic and toxic verity was found to be 0.92 by RAPD and 0.90 by AFLP fingerprinting. In the present study out of 12 microsatellite markers analyzed, seven markers were found polymorphic. Among these seven, jcms21 showed homozygous allele in the toxic variety. The study demonstrated that both RAPD and AFLP techniques were equally competitive in identifying polymorphic markers and differentiating both the varieties of J. curcas. Polymorphism of SSR markers prevailed between the varieties of J. curcas. These RAPD and AFLP identified markers will help in selective cultivation of specific variety and along with SSRs these markers can be exploited for further improvement of the species through breeding and Marker Assisted Selection (MAS).

  6. RAPD analysis of mutants obtained by ion beam irradiation to hinoki cypress shoot primordia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishii, K.; Yamada, Y.; Hase, Y.; Shikazono, N.; Tanaka, A.

    2003-01-01

    Mutants were induced by irradiation of the shoot primordia of Hinoki cypress with 50 MeV 4 He 2+ heavy ion beam. Fresh shoot primordia on the CD medium in the plastic Petri dish (35 x 10 mm) were irradiated. Xanta mutants were induced from 38 to 266 Gy irradiation. Waxy mutants were induced from 76 to 266 Gy irradiation. Xanta, waxy and control type of regenerated Hinoki cypress in vitro were checked for their DNA level difference using RAPD analysis. Among 81 primers used, 23 primers produced the 68 bands. Among them stable 44 bands produced by 15 primers were compared between mutants and control plant. So far, there is no variation among the RAPD analysis band patterns of those mutants. Bigger test size may detect the gene variation specific for mutants

  7. Avaliação da Anexina-V e Calceína-AM como marcadores de apoptose em linfócitos

    OpenAIRE

    Palma, Priscila Filomena Rodrigues

    2005-01-01

    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências de Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia A avaliação dos níveis de apoptose por citometria de fluxo é geralmente realizada por métodos que utilizam anexina V-FITC como marcador vital, que se associa aos resíduos de fosfatidilserina, externalizados no início do processo apoptótico. A utilização conjunta do marcador nuclear fluorescente iodeto de propídio (PI), por sua vez, torna possível verificar as ...

  8. Genetic analysis of Penthorum chinense Pursh by improved RAPD and ISSR in China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhiqiang Mei

    2017-11-01

    Conclusions: This study indicated that improved RAPD and ISSR methods are useful tools for evaluating the genetic diversity and characterizing P. chinense. Our findings can provide the theoretical basis for cultivar identification, standardization, and molecular-assisted breeding of P. chinense for medicinal use.

  9. Aplicação clínica dos marcadores tumorais séricos em carcinoma não-pequenas células do pulmão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GROSS JEFFERSON LUIZ

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available O valor clínico dos marcadores tumorais séricos em câncer de pulmão é incerto. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação da concentração sérica de marcadores tumorais com a extensão da neoplasia e seu valor prognóstico. Casuística e método: Entre fevereiro de 1995 e setembro de 1997 foram estudados 103 pacientes, no Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital do Câncer. Antes do tratamento os pacientes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para dosagem da concentração do CEA, CYFRA21.1, CA15.3, CA19.9, CA72.4 e NSE. Resultados: O CYFRA21.1 foi o marcador mais freqüentemente elevado (55%. Os pacientes com neoplasia avançada tiveram concentração sérica média do CEA (90,82 ± 329,08ng/ml, CYFRA21.1 (20,34 ± 58,42ng/ml e CA15.3 (56,54 ± 86,81U/ml significativamente superior às observadas nos tumores localizados, respectivamente, 10,24 ± 35,96ng/ml, 12,67 ± 25,23ng/ml e 22,22 ± 15,86U/ml. Mesmo considerando todos os marcadores deste estudo, apenas os pacientes com CEA elevado tiveram chance 5,6 vezes maior de ser portadores de neoplasia avançada, quando comparados com aqueles com CEA normal. A sobrevida foi influenciada pelo performance status (p = 0,001, extensão anatômica (p = 0,006, concentração aumentada do CEA (p = 0,043, mais que dois marcadores aumentados (p < 0,001 e tipo de tratamento (p < 0,001. O valor prognóstico da extensão da neoplasia atingiu o limite da significância (p = 0,052; entretanto, a presença de mais do que dois marcadores aumentados e a modalidade terapêutica tiveram valor prognóstico independente (respectivamente, p = 0,035 e p = 0,005. Conclusões: Nenhum dos marcadores tumorais séricos avaliados apresenta utilidade clínica no manejo dos pacientes com CNPCP.

  10. Molecular Identification of Date Palm Cultivars Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Khalifah, Nasser S; Shanavaskhan, A E

    2017-01-01

    Ambiguity in the total number of date palm cultivars across the world is pointing toward the necessity for an enumerative study using standard morphological and molecular markers. Among molecular markers, DNA markers are more suitable and ubiquitous to most applications. They are highly polymorphic in nature, frequently occurring in genomes, easy to access, and highly reproducible. Various molecular markers such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeats (SSR), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been successfully used as efficient tools for analysis of genetic variation in date palm. This chapter explains a stepwise protocol for extracting total genomic DNA from date palm leaves. A user-friendly protocol for RAPD analysis and a table showing the primers used in different molecular techniques that produce polymorphisms in date palm are also provided.

  11. Caracterización molecular de 15 aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana asociados con Cosmopolites y Metamasius en plátano y banano en tres regiones de Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Fernando Marmolejo

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Se colectaron picudos de Cosmopolites y Metamasius en municipios del Valle del Cauca, Caldas y Quindío. Se obtuvieron cultivos monospóricos con diluciones de 10-10 y 10-11. Los aislamientos fueron almacenados a -80°C con glicerol al 10% y el ADN a -20°C. Los marcadores moleculares RAM generaron 82 fragmentos de los cuales 67% fueron polimórficos con una heterocigocidad de 0.24, que indica diversidad media a alta. A un índice de similitud 0.84 se formaron 5 grupos: uno con 11 aislamientos y 4 con un solo aislamiento. En el gran grupo se detectó un duplicado y se encontró diversidad del hongo en los sitios muestreados. No se encontró relación entre aislamientos sobre Cosmopolites y Metamasius o zona geográfica en la formación de grupos genéticos.

  12. Efecto protector en cirrosis hepática inducida en ratas del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum comparado con silimarina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Arroyo

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia protectora del extracto etanólico de hojas de Piper aduncum (matico y su fitomedicamento en cápsulas, en la cirrosis hepática inducida en ratas. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Facultad Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Hojas de Piper aduncum, y Rattus norvegicus, cepa Holtzman. Intervenciones: Las hojas fueron recolectadas en el distrito de Huariaca, departamento de Pasco. El fitomedicamento en cápsulas se preparó a partir del extracto etanólico de la planta. La cirrosis fue inducida con fenobarbital 0,5 mg/mL, diluida en el agua de beber por 15 días, y luego, tetracloruro de carbono 0,2mL/kg en aceite de oliva 1:1, oralmente por 7 días. Se colectó una muestra de sangre para determinar perfil hepático y malondialdehído; los animales fueron sacrificados extrayéndose el hígado para estudio histopatológico. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante técnicas multivariadas, con valor p < 0,05. Principales medidas de resultados: Grado de lesión hepática, marcadores bioquímicos, estrés oxidativo. Resultados: El extracto y el fitomedicamento a 200 mg/kg disminuyeron los valores de TGP (p < 0,621, bilirrubina total (p < 0,385 y bilirrubina directa (p < 0,283 e incrementaron las proteínas totales (p < 0,539 y albúmina (p < 0,114, similar al grupo silimarina. El colágeno, la fibrosis y el nivel de daño hepático se vieron aumentados con tetracloruro de carbono; estos indicadores se redujeron con los diferentes tratamientos y la silimarina. El marcador de estrés oxidativo se redujo con los tratamientos aplicados (p < 0,002. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum (matico y su fitomedicamento ejercieron efecto protector de la cirrosis inducida en ratas, comparativamente con la silimarina.

  13. Identification of Bacillus Probiotics Isolated from Soil Rhizosphere Using 16S rRNA, recA, rpoB Gene Sequencing and RAPD-PCR.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohkam, Milad; Nezafat, Navid; Berenjian, Aydin; Mobasher, Mohammad Ali; Ghasemi, Younes

    2016-03-01

    Some Bacillus species, especially Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus groups, have highly similar 16S rRNA gene sequences, which are hard to identify based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. To conquer this drawback, rpoB, recA sequence analysis along with randomly amplified polymorphic (RAPD) fingerprinting was examined as an alternative method for differentiating Bacillus species. The 16S rRNA, rpoB and recA genes were amplified via a polymerase chain reaction using their specific primers. The resulted PCR amplicons were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was employed by MEGA 6 software. Identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing was underpinned by rpoB and recA gene sequencing as well as RAPD-PCR technique. Subsequently, concatenation and phylogenetic analysis showed that extent of diversity and similarity were better obtained by rpoB and recA primers, which are also reinforced by RAPD-PCR methods. However, in one case, these approaches failed to identify one isolate, which in combination with the phenotypical method offsets this issue. Overall, RAPD fingerprinting, rpoB and recA along with concatenated genes sequence analysis discriminated closely related Bacillus species, which highlights the significance of the multigenic method in more precisely distinguishing Bacillus strains. This research emphasizes the benefit of RAPD fingerprinting, rpoB and recA sequence analysis superior to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for suitable and effective identification of Bacillus species as recommended for probiotic products.

  14. DNA landmarks for genetic relatedness and diversity assessment in Pakistani wheat genotypes using RAPD markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Siddiqui, M.F.; Iqbal, S.; Naz, N.; Khan, S.; Erum, S.

    2010-01-01

    DNA profiles from 10 Pakistani wheat genotypes were evaluated for diversity assessment based on RAPD markers. A total of 79 DNA fragments were generated by 10 RAPD primers, with an average of 7.9 bands primer-1. Of these, 64 fragments (81%) were polymorphic among 10 genotypes. Genetic diversity was evaluated via UPGMA cluster analysis by constructing dendrogram, which were used for the calculation of similarity coefficients between these genotypes. The greatest similarity (95%) was observed between PR-94 and PR-95, whereas PR-96 with PR-90 showed the lowest similarity (60%). Adoption of this technology would be useful to the plant protection regulatory systems, especially for plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties, breeding programs and protection purposes. (author)

  15. DNA landmarks for genetic relatedness and diversity assessment in Pakistani wheat genotypes using RAPD markers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Siddiqui, M F; Iqbal, S; Naz, N; Khan, S [Federal Seed Certification and Registration Dept., Islamabad (Pakistan); Erum, S [National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad (Pakistan). Plant Genetic Resources Inst.

    2010-04-15

    DNA profiles from 10 Pakistani wheat genotypes were evaluated for diversity assessment based on RAPD markers. A total of 79 DNA fragments were generated by 10 RAPD primers, with an average of 7.9 bands primer-1. Of these, 64 fragments (81%) were polymorphic among 10 genotypes. Genetic diversity was evaluated via UPGMA cluster analysis by constructing dendrogram, which were used for the calculation of similarity coefficients between these genotypes. The greatest similarity (95%) was observed between PR-94 and PR-95, whereas PR-96 with PR-90 showed the lowest similarity (60%). Adoption of this technology would be useful to the plant protection regulatory systems, especially for plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties, breeding programs and protection purposes. (author)

  16. Genetic relationships among Orobanche species as revealed by RAPD analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Román, B; Alfaro, C; Torres, A M; Moreno, M T; Satovic, Z; Pujadas, A; Rubiales, D

    2003-05-01

    RAPD markers were used to study variation among 20 taxa in the genus OROBANCHE: O. alba, O. amethystea, O. arenaria, O. ballotae, O. cernua, O. clausonis, O. cumana, O. crenata, O. densiflora, O. foetida, O. foetida var. broteri, O. gracilis, O. haenseleri, O. hederae, O. latisquama, O. mutelii, O. nana, O. ramosa, O. rapum-genistae and O. santolinae. A total of 202 amplification products generated with five arbitrary RAPD primers was obtained and species-specific markers were identified. The estimated Jaccard's differences between the species varied between 0 and 0.864. The pattern of interspecific variation obtained is in general agreement with previous taxonomic studies based on morphology, and the partition into two different sections (Trionychon and Orobanche) is generally clear. However, the position in the dendrogram of O. clausonis did not fit this classification since it clustered with members of section TRIONYCHON: Within this section, O. arenaria was relatively isolated from the other members of the section: O. mutelii, O. nana and O. ramosa. Within section Orobanche, all O. ramosa populations showed a similar amplification pattern, whereas differences among O. crenata populations growing on different hosts were found. Orobanche foetida and O. densiflora clustered together, supporting the morphological and cytological similarities and the host preferences of these species.

  17. The use of PCR techniques to detect genetic variations in Cassava (Manihot esculenta L. Crantz): minisatellite and RAPD analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pawlicki, N.; Sangwan, R.S.; Sangwan-Norreel, B.; Koffi Konan, N.

    1998-01-01

    Cassava is an important tuber crop grown in the tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, we developed protocols for efficient somatic embryogenesis using zygotic embryos and nodal axillary meristems in order to reduce the genotype effect. Thereafter flow cytophotometry and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the ploidy level and the genetic fidelity of cassava plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis. No change in the ploidy level of the regenerated plants was observed in comparison with the control plants. In the same way, monomorphic profiles of RAPD were obtained for the different cassava plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis. The genetic analysis of calli showed only a few differences. Using two pairs of heterologous micro satellite primers developed in a wild African grass, a monomorphic pattern was also detected. Moreover, cultivars of different origins were also analysed using these PCR techniques. Our data from RAPD and materialistic analyses suggested that these techniques can be efficiently used to detect genetic variations in cassava. (author)

  18. Distancia anogenital en mujeres y su relación con exposiciones prenatales maternas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Pilar Mira-Escolano

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available La distancia anogenital (DAG es un marcador de desarrollo genital que presenta un dimorfismo sexual en mamíferos. Diversos estudios experimentales han mostrado que la DAG al nacimiento refleja la exposición androgénica a la que el feto ha estado expuesto durante su desarrollo intraútero. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue explorar la relación entre exposiciones prenatales (maternas a distintos productos o sustancias de uso cotidiano durante el embarazo y la DAG de sus hijas como marcador indirecto del ambiente hormonal intrauterino. Se trata de un estudio transversal que incluyó 100 jóvenes universitarias sanas entre 18 y 23 años. A cada participante se le realizó un examen ginecológico completo y se midieron dos variantes de DAG: ano-clítoris (DAGAC y ano-horquilla vulvar (DAGAH. Tanto las jóvenes como sus madres completaron un cuestionario epidemiológico sobre estilos de vida, incluyendo exposición a productos prenatales e historia ginecológica. Las asociaciones entre la exposición a productos prenatales y las DAG de las hijas se realizaron mediante análisis de regresión lineal y logística múltiple. Una mayor exposición materna a insecticidas/plaguicidas y disolventes/desengrasantes se asoció significativamente con una DAGAH alargada en las hijas (ORa: 3,9; IC 95 % 1,2,- 12,7 y 3,8; IC 95 % 1,1 - 12,6, respectivamente. Nuestros resultados respaldan que ciertas exposiciones prenatales maternas ambientales podrían estar asociadas con variaciones significativas de las DAG en sus hijas, un biomarcador que refleja la exposición androgénica fetal durante el desarrollo intraútero.

  19. Molecular Analysis of Synedrela Nodiflora (L. Gaertn. Resistance Against Fomesafen using RAPD Markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Murni Dwiati

    2015-01-01

    Based on the RAPD markers used in this study, it can be concluded that genetic distance between susceptible and resistant S. nodiflora is higher than that within susceptible samples supporting our previous morphological and protein data, although genetic variation among susceptible individuals seems to be significantly high.

  20. Assessment of RAPD Markers to Analyse the Genetic Diversity among Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. Genotypes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Raza

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Genetic diversity estimation among different species is an important tool for genetic improvement to maximize the yield, desirable quality, wider adaptation, pest and insect resistance that ultimately boosting traditional plant breeding methods. The most efficient way of diversity estimation is application of molecular markers. In this study, twenty random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD primers were utilized to estimate the genetic diversity between ten sunflower genotypes. Overall 227 bands were amplified by 20 primers with an average of 11.35 bands per primer. RAPD data showed 86.34% polymorophic bands and 13.65% of monomorophic bands. Genetic similarity was ranged from 50.22% to 87.22%. The lowest similarity (50.22% was observed between FH-352 and FH-359 and the maximum similarity 87.22% was observed between A-23 and G-46. Polymorphic information content (PIC values were varying from 0.05 to 0.12 with a mean of 0.09. Cluster analysis based on RAPD results displayed two major distinct groups 1 and 2. Group-2 contains FH-352 which was the most diverse genotype, while group-1 consists of few sub groups with all other genotypes. Ample diversity was found in all the genotypes. Present study reveals novel information about sunflower genome which can be used in future studies for sunflower improvement.

  1. Genetic Diversity in Commercial Rapeseed (Brassica napus L. Varieties from Turkey as Revealed by RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Özlem ÖZBEK

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available In cultivated commercial crop species, genetic diversity tends to decrease because of the extensive breeding processes. Therefore, germplasm of commercial crop species, such as Brassica napus L. should be evaluated and the genotypes, which have higher genetic diversity index, should be addressed as potential parental cross materials in breeding programs. In this study, the genetic diversity was analysed by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD technique in nine Turkish commercial rapeseed varieties. The RAPD primers (10-mer oligonucleotides produced 51 scorable loci, 31 loci of which were polymorphic (60.78% and 20 loci (39.22% were monomorphic The RAPD bands were scored as binary matrix data and were analysed using POPGENE version 1.32. At locus level, the values of genetic diversity within population (Hs and total (HT were 0.15 and 0.19 respectively. The genetic differentiation (GST and the gene flow (Nm values between the populations were 0.20 and 2.05 respectively. The mean number of alleles (na, the mean number of effective alleles (nae, and the mean value of genetic diversity (He were 2.00, 1.26, and 0.19 respectively. According to Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression and principal component analyses, eco-geographical conditions in combination had significant effect on genetic indices of commercial B. napus L. varieties were discussed.

  2. Marcadores SNP: conceitos básicos, aplicações no manejo e no melhoramento animal e perspectivas para o futuro

    OpenAIRE

    Caetano,Alexandre Rodrigues

    2009-01-01

    Os primeiros estudos de identificação, caracterização e utilização de marcadores moleculares para a caracterização de recursos genéticos e geração de ferramentas para o melhoramento animal datam do final da década de 80. Nos últimos 20 anos as tecnologias para geração de dados moleculares passaram por vários ciclos de renovação. A última onda de inovações tecnológicas representa uma verdadeira revolução e trouxe metodologias para identificar e genotipar marcadores SNP (do inglês Single Nucleo...

  3. Application of RAPD for molecular characterization of plant species of medicinal value from an arid environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arif, I A; Bakir, M A; Khan, H A; Al Farhan, A H; Al Homaidan, A A; Bahkali, A H; Al Sadoon, M; Shobrak, M

    2010-11-09

    The use of highly discriminatory methods for the identification and characterization of genotypes is essential for plant protection and appropriate use. We utilized the RAPD method for the genetic fingerprinting of 11 plant species of desert origin (seven with known medicinal value). Andrachne telephioides, Zilla spinosa, Caylusea hexagyna, Achillea fragrantissima, Lycium shawii, Moricandia sinaica, Rumex vesicarius, Bassia eriophora, Zygophyllum propinquum subsp migahidii, Withania somnifera, and Sonchus oleraceus were collected from various areas of Saudi Arabia. The five primers used were able to amplify the DNA from all the plant species. The amplified products of the RAPD profiles ranged from 307 to 1772 bp. A total of 164 bands were observed for 11 plant species, using five primers. The number of well-defined and major bands for a single plant species for a single primer ranged from 1 to 10. The highest pair-wise similarities (0.32) were observed between A. fragrantissima and L. shawii, when five primers were combined. The lowest similarities (0) were observed between A. telephioides and Z. spinosa; Z. spinosa and B. eriophora; B. eriophora and Z. propinquum. In conclusion, the RAPD method successfully discriminates among all the plant species, therefore providing an easy and rapid tool for identification, conservation and sustainable use of these plants.

  4. Identification of species of leishmania isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kermanshah; using RAPD-PCR technique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yazdan Hamzavi

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Annually many numbers of pationts with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL have been reported in Kermanshah province- IRAN. The study aimed to identify species of Leishmania isolated from patients with CT in Kermanshah. Seven isolates of Leishmania obtained from patients with CL, without any travelling to other provinces, were cultured in NNN medium. After mass production of leptomonads in RPMI 1640 medium DNA was purified and the species were diagnosed using RAPD-PCR technique. The study of electrophoretic fingerprints of the product of RAPD-PCR in seven isolates showed that Leshmania major was the causative agent of CL patients in Kermanshah province. More studies in this field recommended.

  5. Characterization of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus spp. Germplasm in South West Nigeria Using Morphological, Nutritional, and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD Analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pamela E. Akin-Idowu

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Efficient utilization of plant genetic resources for nutrition and crop improvement requires systematic understanding of the important traits. Amaranthus species are distributed worldwide with an interesting diversity of landraces and cultivars whose leaves and seeds are consumed. Despite their potential to enhance food security and economic livelihoods, grain amaranth breeding to improve nutritional quality and adoption by farmers in sub-Saharan Africa is scanty. This study assessed the variation among 29 grain amaranth accessions using 27 phenotypic (10 morphological and 17 nutritional characters and 16 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD primers. Multivariate analysis of phenotypic characters showed the first four principal components contributing 57.53% of observed variability, while cluster analysis yielded five groups at 87.5% similarity coefficient. RAPD primers generated a total of 193 amplicons with an average of 12.06 amplicons per primer, 81% of which were polymorphic. Genetic similarities based on Jaccard’s coefficient ranged from 0.61 to 0.88. The RAPD-based unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram grouped the accessions into nine clusters, with the same species clustering together. RAPD primers distinguished the accessions more effectively than phenotypic markers. Accessions in the different clusters as obtained can be exploited for heterotic gain in desired nutritional traits.

  6. Detection of genetic variability in Basmati and non-Basmati rice varieties and their radiation induced mutants through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Farooq, S; Iqbal, N; Arif, M [Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad (Pakistan)

    1998-03-01

    Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers were utilized to detect polymorphism between pure lines and commercially available Basmati rice varieties to assess variation which may be helpful in quality control and varietal identification (Basmati-370 and derived radiation induced mutants), differentiation of mutants and parents, and identification of RAPD markers co-segregating with important agronomic traits including plant height, days to flower and grain quality. Basmati varieties were distinguished from non-Basmati varieties with the help of five diagnostic markers which will be useful for detecting mixing of non-Basmati and Basmati rices, currently a serious marketing problem. Different Basmati cultivars were identified with the help of diagnostic RAPD markers which can be used in quality control as well as for ``fingerprinting`` of cultivars. Different radiation induced mutants were also successfully distinguished from the parents on the basis of variety specific and mutant specific markers which will be useful for varietal identification. In addition to this, other markers were also identified which can differentiate mutants from each other and are being, used for the fingerprinting of different mutants, particularly the dwarf mutants having similar appearance but different parentage. For identification of RAPD markers co-segregating with plant height and days to flower, 50 F{sub 2} plants and four F{sub 3} families were studied from a reciprocal cross made between Kashmir Basmati (tall and early) and Basmati-198 (dwarf and late). Segregating bands were observed within these populations, and indicating the possible use of RAPD markers for tagging gene(s) of agronomic importance in rice. (author). 38 refs, 6 figs, 3 tabs.

  7. Detection of genetic variability in Basmati and non-Basmati rice varieties and their radiation induced mutants through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Farooq, S.; Iqbal, N.; Arif, M.

    1998-01-01

    Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers were utilized to detect polymorphism between pure lines and commercially available Basmati rice varieties to assess variation which may be helpful in quality control and varietal identification (Basmati-370 and derived radiation induced mutants), differentiation of mutants and parents, and identification of RAPD markers co-segregating with important agronomic traits including plant height, days to flower and grain quality. Basmati varieties were distinguished from non-Basmati varieties with the help of five diagnostic markers which will be useful for detecting mixing of non-Basmati and Basmati rices, currently a serious marketing problem. Different Basmati cultivars were identified with the help of diagnostic RAPD markers which can be used in quality control as well as for ''fingerprinting'' of cultivars. Different radiation induced mutants were also successfully distinguished from the parents on the basis of variety specific and mutant specific markers which will be useful for varietal identification. In addition to this, other markers were also identified which can differentiate mutants from each other and are being, used for the fingerprinting of different mutants, particularly the dwarf mutants having similar appearance but different parentage. For identification of RAPD markers co-segregating with plant height and days to flower, 50 F 2 plants and four F 3 families were studied from a reciprocal cross made between Kashmir Basmati (tall and early) and Basmati-198 (dwarf and late). Segregating bands were observed within these populations, and indicating the possible use of RAPD markers for tagging gene(s) of agronomic importance in rice. (author)

  8. The use of RAPD fingerprinting to detect genetic variation of a selected signal grass mutant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Affrida Abu Hassan; Ghazali HAzhar Mohamad; Abdul Rahim Harun

    2002-01-01

    Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) has been used for many years as grazing pasture for ruminants but it may know to be toxic to small ruminants. Mutagenesis provides an alternative approach to create phenotypic variability in the grass that might be free from toxicity and allow greater selection potential for desired characteristics. The mutant of Brachiara decumbens, which was obtained through induced mutation by gamma irradiation at dose 900 Gh showed phenotypic changes in term of tiller number, leaf to stem ratio and internode length. The variations caused by irradiation were detected by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Decamer oligonucleotide primers were used to generate DNA profiles. 575 bp polymorphic DNA band was observed between control and the mutant. RAPD has been proven to be useful to detect polymorphism between mutants and the control. (Author)

  9. Entendendo o papel de marcadores biológicos no câncer de pulmão Understanding the role of biological markers in lung cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VERA LUIZA CAPELOZZI

    2001-11-01

    Full Text Available Marcadores biológicos são componentes celulares, estruturais e bioquímicos, que podem definir alterações celulares e moleculares tanto em células normais quanto aquelas associadas a transformação maligna. Podem ser de dois tipos: 1 marcadores intermediários, que medem alterações celulares e moleculares antes do aparecimento da malignidade; 2 marcadores diagnósticos, presentes em associação com a malignidade. O processo de identificação e validação para uso clínico do marcador tem diversas etapas: identificação inicial feita em linhagens celulares do tumor em questão; teste do marcador em tecido proveniente de biópsias de pacientes com diagnóstico estabelecido do tumor em questão; teste em biópsias de tecidos normais e com processo inflamatório; teste em escarro, sangue ou urina para validação como teste não-invasivo que possa ser usado em população de alto risco. Marcadores biológicos diagnósticos sorológicos e histológicos são componentes celulares, estruturais e bioquímicos, presentes não só em células tumorais como também em células normais, que podem ser medidos quantitativamente por métodos bioquímicos, imunológicos e moleculares nos fluidos ou nos tecidos corporais, respectivamente, associados a neoplasias e possivelmente ao órgão de origem da neoplasia. Marcadores biológicos são estudados em diferentes neoplasias primárias, porém poucos tiveram seu valor clínico definido. O papel dos marcadores biológicos em câncer de pulmão ainda é incerto, pois apenas um pequeno número de marcadores foi avaliado de maneira adequada. O objetivo deste trabalho é entender o papel dos marcadores biológicos sorológicos e diagnósticos no prognóstico e sobrevida de pacientes com câncer de pulmão baseado em uma coletânea de trabalhos realizada pela autora. Apresenta-se também uma perspectiva futura para a detecção precoce do câncer de pulmão baseada no papel dos marcadores biol

  10. Genetic Assessment of Moroccan Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Genotypes by RAPD and SSR Markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rajae Amraoui

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available For the first time eight local tomato cultivars collected from four different regions of Morocco were assessed with RAPD and SSR methods. Most of RAPD markers give monomorphic banding profiles. Only OPU03 marker showed a total of 4 polymorphic amplicons out of 8 recorded in FIGUIG2 cultivar. The analysis with SSR markers gives more polymorphism. The number of alleles amplified assessed from 2 to 5 alleles among cultivars. The similarity matrix subjected by the unweighted pairgroup arithmetic method (UPGMA clustering grouped the cultivars in four groups where FIGUIG2 cultivar formed a separate and more distant cluster. In addition this cultivar holds the very high percentage of uniformity (99% indicating that is an homogeneous traditional cultivar with high purity. This genotype can be conserved and used in breeding programs. More traditional Moroccan cultivars must be collected in order to determine their genetic structure.

  11. High-resolution melt-curve analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-HRM) for the characterisation of pathogenic leptospires: intra-serovar divergence, inter-serovar convergence, and evidence of attenuation in Leptospira reference collections.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tulsiani, S M; Craig, S B; Graham, G C; Cobbold, R C; Dohnt, M F; Burns, M-A; Jansen, C C; Leung, L K-P; Field, H E; Smythe, L D

    2010-07-01

    High-resolution melt-curve analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-HRM) is a novel technology that has emerged as a possible method to characterise leptospires to serovar level. RAPD-HRM has recently been used to measure intra-serovar convergence between strains of the same serovar as well as inter-serovar divergence between strains of different serovars. The results indicate that intra-serovar heterogeneity and inter-serovar homogeneity may limit the application of RAPD-HRM in routine diagnostics. They also indicate that genetic attenuation of aged, high-passage-number isolates could undermine the use of RAPD-HRM or any other molecular technology. Such genetic attenuation may account for a general decrease seen in titres of rabbit hyperimmune antibodies over time. Before RAPD-HRM can be further advanced as a routine diagnostic tool, strains more representative of the wild-type serovars of a given region need to be identified. Further, RAPD-HRM analysis of reference strains indicates that the routine renewal of reference collections, with new isolates, may be needed to maintain the genetic integrity of the collections.

  12. Low Genetic Diversity Among Garlic (Allium sativum L. Accessions Detected Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD Escasa Diversidad Genética entre Accesiones de Ajo (Allium sativum L. Detectada Mediante ADN Polimórfico Amplificado al Azar (RAPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Paredes C

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Garlic (Allium sativum L. is a species of vegetative propagation, showing high morphological diversity. Besides, its clones have specific adaptations to different agroclimatic regions. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of 65 garlic clones collected in Chile and introduced from different countries, by using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Fourty random primers of 10 mers generated a total of 398 bands with an 87% of polymorphism. Each primer amplified between two and 20 bands. The size of the fragments obtained fluctuated between 3200 and 369 bp. The results showed that the clones analyzed had a genetic similarity rate of 94%. In addition, 70% of them were clustered in one major group. However, in spite of that situation several clones have different agronomic characteristicsEl ajo (Allium sativum L. es una especie de propagación vegetativa, que presenta una amplia variabilidad morfológica. Los clones de esta especie tienen una adaptación específica a diferentes regiones agroclimáticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad genética existente en 65 clones de ajos colectados en Chile e introducidos desde diferentes países, utilizando RAPD (ADN Polimórfico Amplificado al Azar. Para esta evaluación se utilizaron 40 partidores de 10-mers. Los partidores generaron entre dos y 20 bandas, observándose un alto número de patrones con bandas múltiples. Los fragmentos generados difieren en su tamaño entre 3.200 y 369 pb. Los partidores generaron 398 bandas, de las cuales un 87% fueron polimórficas. El análisis estadístico realizado detectó una similitud genética alta, de un 94% entre las accesiones evaluadas, donde aproximadamente un 70% de los clones formaron un grupo homogéneo. Sin embargo, este grupo incluye clones que presentan diferentes características agronómicas

  13. Sensibilidad a la colocación de los marcadores en el modelo convencional de análisis cinemático de la marcha

    OpenAIRE

    Villarroya, A.; Alonso, A.; Franco, M.A.; Ramírez-Escurdero, N.; García, I.; Calvo, Begoña

    2008-01-01

    La correcta evaluación del movimiento articular a través de sistemas de análisis del movimiento depende, entre otros factores, de la correcta colocación de los marcadores reflectantes sobre los sujetos analizados. En el modelo convencional de marcha, de los 15 marcadores de miembro inferior, la mayoría se localizan en puntos anatómicos fáciles de localizar y que tienen poca posibilidad de error. Sin embargo, hay dificultad en otros, como el de la articulación de la rodilla y, sobre todo, en l...

  14. Detection of toxin genes and RAPD analysis of bacillus cereus isolates from different soil types

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Savic Dejana

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to detect genes for enterotoxins (hbla, entFM and bceT and for emetic toxin (cer, to determine antibiotic resistance, and to estimate intraspecies diversity in B. cereus isolates by RAPD analysis. B. cereus was identified in 12 out of 117 indigenous Bacillus spp. using the classical microbiological methods and PCR. All isolates were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, two to tetracyclin and four to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Also, all isolates produced inducible penicillinases and β-lactamase. Toxin genes were detected with PCR. EntFM and cer genes were present in all isolates, hbla in all, but two, and bceT in none. RAPD analysis was performed with four different primers, two of them designed for this study. The intraspecies diversity revealed 10 different patterns at the 90% similarity level. Two separate clusters were formed regardless of a soil type or utilization. The detection of genes encoding toxins in all B. cereus isolates indicated these bacteria as potentially pathogenic and seriously for human health. Regardless of a soil type or utilization, the RAPD analysis showed high intraspecies heterogeneity in B. cereus isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the presence of entero- and emetic toxin genes and genetic heterogeneity in B. cereus isolates from different soil types and different soil utilization in Serbia. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR37006

  15. Estrés oxidativo y marcadores bioquímicos en ratas diabéticas con dieta suplementada con vitamina E

    OpenAIRE

    Valdivieso Izquierdo, Lázaro Rubén

    2015-01-01

    Determina el rol de la vitamina E en los parámetros bioquímicos y antioxidantes en ratas diabéticas. La diabetes es inducida experimentalmente con estreptozotocina (35 mg/kg de peso por v.i.p.). Los animales (n= 24) son divididos en cuatro grupos: Grupo I: Control, Grupo II: Control + Vitamina E (25 mg/día), Grupo III: Diabética y Grupo IV: Diabética + Vitamina E (25 mg/día), durante 8 semanas. Parámetros bioquímicos como glucosa, la hemoglobina glicada y perfil lipídico son evaluados, así mi...

  16. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WILD AND FARMED KALIBAUS (Labeo calbasu, Hamilton, 1822 BY RAPD ANALYSIS OF THE GENOMIC DNA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.G. Mostafa

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Genetic diversity of two wild Kalibaus, Labeo calbasu populations and one hatchery stock was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD method. The three 10–mer random primers (OPA01, OPB02 and OPC03 yielded a total of 26 reproducible and consistently scorable RAPD bands of which 15 (57.69% were considered as polymorphic (P95 indicating a high level of genetic variation in all the studied populations. Among the three populations, Padma population shows low level of genetic diversity (0.1238 compared to other two and it might be caused by habitat degradation in many ways which ultimately affects the genetic variation of Kalibaus. The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s (1972 original measures of genetic distance (D indicated the segregation of two wild and hatchery populations of L. calbasu into two distinct clusters: the Hatchery and Padma populations produced one cluster whereas the Jamuna population belonged to another cluster. This indicates that hatchery brood stock is derived from Padma River. Nevertheless, the preliminary study revealed that RAPD technique could be an effective tool in the assessment of population genetic structure of Kalibaus.

  17. Assessment of DNA Damage by RAPD in Paracentrotus lividus Embryos Exposed to Amniotic Fluid from Residents Living Close to Waste Landfill Sites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurizio Guida

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effects of environmental chemicals on residents living near landfills. The study was based on samples of amniotic fluid from women living in the intensely polluted areas around the Campania region of Italy compared to a nonexposed control group. We evaluated the genetic effects that this amniotic fluids collected in contaminated sites had on Paracentrotus lividus embryos. DNA damage was detected through changes in RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA profiles. The absence of the amplified DNA fragments indicated deletions in Paracentrotus lividus DNA exposed to the contaminated amniotic fluids when compared to equal exposure to uncontaminated fluids. These results show the ability of RAPD-PCR to detect and isolate DNA sequences representing genetic alterations induced in P. lividus embryos. Using this method, we identified two candidate target regions for DNA alterations in the genome of P. lividus. Our research indicates that RAPD-PCR in P. lividus embryo DNA can provide a molecular approach for studying DNA damage from pollutants that can impact human health. To our knowledge, this is the first time that assessment of DNA damage in P. lividus embryos has been tested using the RAPD strategy after exposure to amniotic fluid from residents near waste landfill sites.

  18. Natural hybridization between Phlomis lycia D. Don x P. bourgaei Boiss., (Lamiaceae) revealed by RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yüzbaşioğlu, Ertuğrul; Dadandi, Mehmet Yaşar; Ozcan, Sebahattin

    2008-05-01

    Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used to assess the hybrid identity of individuals sampled as Phlomis x termessi Davis. Out of 95 primers screened, 11 primers produced reproducible amplification patterns used for discrimination of P. x termessi and their parents. Eleven primers produced 81 bands. Forty two percent of the RAPD bands existed in parents. Of the 54 bands found in P. lycia, 19 were found only in this species and 7 of these were monomorphic. Similarly, of 57 RAPD bands observed in P. bourgaei, 18 were found only in P. bourgaei and 6 of these were monomorphic. Among hybrid individuals, 35 of the 73 markers were monomorphic. Fifteen of these existed in individual parents showing that parents were homozygous for these markers. Of the 35 monomorphic bands observed among hybrid individuals, 5 were present in the samples of one of the parents and completely absent from the samples of the other; therefore, additive inheritance is indicated. Of the 5 additive bands, 1 was inherited from P. bourgaei and 4 were inherited from P. lycia. Among 38 polymorhic markers observed in hybrid individuals, 9 were new and hybrid-specific. Pollen fertility was also investigated. Mean pollen fertility for P. lycia and P. bourgaei was 93% and 97% respectively. However, mean pollen fertility for hybrids was 65% (+/-10.5).

  19. Assessment of genetic diversity in ragi [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] using morphological, RAPD and SSR markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prabhu, Kalapad Santosh; Das, Anath Bandhu; Dikshit, Nilamani

    2018-04-25

    Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn., 2n=36) is one of the most important minor crops, commonly known as 'ragi' and used as a staple food grain in more than 25 countries including Africa and south Asia. Twenty-seven accessions of ragi were collected from different parts of India and were evaluated for morpho-genetic diversity studies. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for assessment of genetic diversity among 27 genotypes of E. coracana. High degree of similarity (90%) was obtained between 'IC49979A' and 'IC49974B' genotypes, whereas low level of similarity (9.09%) was found between 'IC204141' and 'IC49985' as evident in morphological and DNA markers. A total of 64 SSR and 301 RAPD amplicons were produced, out of which 87.50% and 77.20% DNA fragments showed polymorphism, respectively. The clustering pattern obtained among the genotypes corresponded well with their morphological and cytological data with a monophyletic origin of this species which was further supported by high bootstrap values and principal component analysis. Cluster analysis showed that ragi accessions were categorised into three distinct groups. Genotypes IC344761, IC340116, IC340127, IC49965 and IC49985 found accession specific in RAPD and SSR markers. The variation among ragi accessions might be used as potential source of germplasm for crop improvement.

  20. Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates Associated with Leguminosae Using Multigene Loci, RAPD and ISSR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Farshid Mahmodi

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Genetic diversity and differentiation of 50 Colletotrichum spp. isolates from legume crops studied through multigene loci, RAPD and ISSR analysis. DNA sequence comparisons by six genes (ITS, ACT, Tub2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and HIS3 verified species identity of C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporiodes and identity C. capsici as a synonym of C. truncatum. Based on the matrix distance analysis of multigene sequences, the Colletotrichum species showed diverse degrees of intera and interspecific divergence (0.0 to 1.4% and (15.5–19.9, respectively. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis clustered Colletotrichum spp. isolates into 3 well-defined clades, representing three distinct species; C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. The ISSR and RAPD and cluster analysis exhibited a high degree of variability among different isolates and permitted the grouping of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. into three distinct clusters. Distinct populations of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were genetically in accordance with host specificity and inconsistent with geographical origins. The large population of C. truncatum showed greater amounts of genetic diversity than smaller populations of C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides species. Results of ISSR and RAPD markers were congruent, but the effective maker ratio and the number of private alleles were greater in ISSR markers.

  1. Genetic diversity of different accessions of Thymus kotschyanus using RAPD marker

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmad Ismaili

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Analysis of genetic diversity is a major step for understanding evolution and breeding applications. Recent advances in the application of the polymerase chain reaction make it possible to score individuals at a large number of loci. The RAPD technique has been successfully used in a variety of taxonomic and genetic diversity studies. The genetic diversity of 18 accessions of Thymus kotschyanus collected from different districts of Iran has been reported in this study, using 30 random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. Multivariate statistical analyses including principal coordinate analysis (PCOA and cluster analysis were used to group the accessions. From 29 primers, 385 bands were scored corresponding to an average of 13.27 bands per primer with 298 bands showing polymorphism (77.40%. A dendrogram constructed based on the UPGMA clustering method revealed three major clusters. The obtained results from grouping 18 accessions of T. kotschyanus with two studied methods indicated that in the most cases the applied methods produced similar grouping results. This study revealed nearly rich genetic diversity among T. kotschyanus accessions from different regions of Iran. The results showed RAPD marker was a useful marker for genetic diversity studies of T. kotschyanus and it was indicative of geographica variations.

  2. Subjetividad e interseccionalidad: experiencias de Enfermedad de Mujeres Negras con enfermedad falciforme

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    Eliana Costa Xavie

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available El estudio tuvo el objetivo de conocer y analizar la historia de mujeres negras con enfermedad falciforme y comprender cómo la subjetividad de estas es construida y confrontada a partir de los sentidos subjetivos asociados con los marcadores de género, raza y clase social. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa en la que participaron 9 mujeres negras acompañadas por el Centro de Referencia de la Anemia Falciforme del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron analizadas por medio del análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres negras perciben su enfermedad como condición de salud que estrecha los lazos entre su pertenencia racial y sus construcciones de género y de clase. El discurso de esas mujeres negras trascendió a la complejidad de la enfermedad crónica, transformándola y construyendo posibilidades que las potencializan como mujeres, madres y sujetos sociales. Las mujeres señalaron que la interseccionalidad de raza, género y clase social impulsa la ceguera pública de la mujer negra y de las cuestiones relacionadas con la población negra intensificando el sentimiento de invisibilidad.

  3. Genetic stability evaluation of quercus suber l. somatic embryogenesis by rapd analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandes, P.; Costa, A.; Rocha, A.C.C.; Santos, C.

    2011-01-01

    A reliable protocol for adult Quercus suber L. somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed recently. To evaluate the potential use of this protocol in cork oak forest breeding programs, it is essential to guarantee somatic embryos/emblings genetic stability. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is currently used to assess somaclonal variation providing information on genetic variability of the micropropagation process. In this work, SE was induced from adult trees by growing leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and zeatin. Embling conversion took place on MS medium without growth regulators. DNA from donor tree, somatic embryos and emblings was used to assess genetic variability by RAPD fingerprinting. Fourteen primers produced 165 genetic loci with high quality and reproducibility. Despite somatic embryos originated some poor quality PCR-profiles, replicable and excellent fingerprints were obtained for both donor plant and embling. Results presented no differences among regenerated emblings and donor plant. Hence, the SE protocol used did not induce, up to moment, any genetic variability, confirming data previously obtained with other molecular/genetic techniques, supporting that this protocol may be used to provide true-to-type plants from important forestry species. (author)

  4. Genetic diversity of Pinus halepensis Mill. populations detected by RAPD loci

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez , Aránzazu; Alía , Ricardo; Bueno , María

    2001-01-01

    International audience; Genetic diversity of Pinus halepensis Mill. was analysed in nine populations (six Spanish populations and one each from Tunisia, France and Greece). Twenty four RAPD loci were amplified with 60 megagametophyte DNA samples from each population. Populations' contribution to Nei gene diversity and to allelic richness were calculated. Results showed higher within population genetic variation but also a $G_{{\\rm ST}} = 13.6\\%$ higher than those detected in previous studies ...

  5. Genetic variability of Passiflora spp. from commercial fields in the Federal District, Brazil Variabilidade genética de Passiflora spp. em plantios comerciais do Distrito Federal, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Gomes de Castro

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to characterize the genetic variability in commercial accessions of passion fruit from the Federal District, Brazil, by RAPD markers. Genetic analyses were done with leaf samples of 30 accessions. DNA samples were amplified by RAPD technique, and respective markers converted into a binary matrix, from which the genetic distances between the accessions were estimated. Clustering analyis based on genetic distances allowed to detect a wide range of genetic variabillity among the accessions of sour passion fruit, and to separate them from the two sweet passion fruit. The graphical positioning of 'BRS Ouro Vermelho' confirms its potential to improve the genetic variability of commercial varieties of sour passion fruit. Dispersal of genetic distances among commercial accessions of sour passion fruit supports evidence for different genetic origins of the materials planted in the Federal District. The verified genetic variability indicates the potential success of future breeding programs for this region.Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a variabilidade genética de acessos de maracujá comerciais no Distrito Federal por meio de marcadores RAPD. Análises genéticas foram feitas com amostras foliares de 30 acessos. As amostras de DNA foram amplificadas pela técnica de RAPD e os respectivos marcadores convertidos em uma matriz binária, a partir da qual as distâncias genéticas entre os acessos foram estimadas. Análises de agrupamento baseadas em distâncias genéticas permitiram detectar uma ampla gama de variabilidade genética entre os acessos de maracujazeiro-azedo, bem como para separá-los dos dois de maracujazeiro-doce. O posicionamento gráfico de 'BRS Ouro Vermelho' confirma a sua importante contribuição para aumentar a variabilidade genética das atuais variedades comerciais de maracujazeiro-azedo. A dispersão das distâncias genéticas entre os acessos comerciais de maracujazeiro-azedo suportam as evid

  6. RAPD cluster analysis and chlorate sensitivity of some Indian isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina from sorghum and their relationships with pathogenicity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Das, I K; Fakrudin, B; Arora, D K

    2008-01-01

    Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an economically important disease in sorghum grown during the post rainy season in India. Variations in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphisms, chlorate sensitivity and pathogenicity were studied among sorghum isolates of M. phaseolina collected from different parts of India. RAPD data based on 14 random primers of Kit A and C (OPA and OPC) on 20 isolates showed a high degree of polymorphism (98.1%) in different isolates. UPGMA dendrogram on RAPD data produced 7 clusters at the level of 37% similarity. Isolates from the same locations showed a tendency to group closer, substantiating closer genetic relatedness. Sorghum infecting Macrophomina isolates showed a mixed response for sensitivity to potassium chlorate (120 mM). Chlorate-resistant isolates were predominant (>65% of the isolates) over sensitive isolates. Chlorate-sensitive isolates were found to be genetically closer among them than the resistant ones. For the first time it was shown that chlorate sensitivity in Macrophomina had some relations with charcoal rot severity in sorghum.

  7. Evolución de la Calcemia y de los Marcadores de Remodelamiento Óseo durante la Gestación, el Parto y el Postparto Normales.

    OpenAIRE

    Toro Salas, Antonio de

    2016-01-01

    La consecuencia final de la gestación, el parto y el puerperio sobre la masa ósea maternas, no ha sido bien definida, a pesar de las numerosas investigaciones realizadas sobre el tema. Se han realizado estudios sobre la evolución gestacional de los marcadores bioquímicos de remodelamiento ósea, del calcio, y de las hormonas calciotrópicas, que han ido evolucionando en el diseño, en las técnicas, y en los marcadores utilizados. Han apar...

  8. Caracterización de la diversidad genética de cultivares comerciales de heliconias en el centro occidente de Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Leonor Marulanda

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available La familia Heliconiaceae tiene un solo género, Heliconia L., con aproximadamente 250 especies. Debido al colorido de sus brácteas son muy usadas para fines ornamentales presentando una creciente comercialización en el mercado internacional, lo que ha incentivado el aumento en el área productiva en los países de Centro y Sur América, al proporcionar una mayor oferta y demanda del producto. Sin embargo, existe en este género, confusión sobre el número de especies y las relaciones entre ellas. Esta inapropiada nomenclatura, puede originar problemas a nivel comercial y científico. En esta investigación realizada durante el 2014, se caracterizaron genéticamente 44 individuos del género Heliconia de importancia comercial en el centro occidente de Colombia, que corresponden a 4 especies, y un híbrido interespecífico, por medio de la amplificación de marcadores microsatélites previamente desarrollados para Heliconia bihai y Heliconia caribaea y marcadores microsatélites propios obtenidos del desarrollo de una librería genómica enriquecida con microsatélites para Heliconia orthotricha. Se seleccionaron 18 marcadores para realizar las caracterizaciones. Se utilizaron las estrategias de amplificación directa, así como la transferibilidad de marcadores. El equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (EHW se rompió para algunos de los marcadores empleados en las diferentes especies de este estudio, ya que pertenecían a cultivares comerciales con alta presión de selección por parte de los cultivadores. El marcador Hb_C115 presentó el ligamiento con un mayor número de marcadores. Muchos de los marcadores están ligados entre sí y al no poseer mapas de ligamiento para ninguna especie del género no es posible determinar la cercanía de los mismos en los cromosomas. Se confirma la transferibilidad de los microsatélites desarrollados para diferentes especies del género Heliconia, como una herramienta útil en la caracterización varietal, la cual

  9. MARCADORES PRDE RELEVÂNCIA EM NARRATIVAS ORAIS NA AMAZÔNIA

    OpenAIRE

    Duque-Estrada, Megan

    2016-01-01

    Este trabalho investiga o uso dos marcadores pragmáticos né e sabe em narrativas orais acerca do imaginário da Amazônia, tendo como objeto a identificação da ideia de relevância em histórias de encantamento e assombração. É uma pesquisa de cunho empírico-indutivo, com suporte teórico básico da Análise da Conversação, complementado por conceitos oriundos da Pragmática, do Princípio da Pertinência e das Estruturas de Expectativa, além de estudos sobre a narrativa oral, na linha da Sociolinguíst...

  10. Monitoring Genetic Stability in Quercus serrata Thunb. Somatic Embryogenesis Using RAPD Markers

    OpenAIRE

    Ramesh C., Thakur; Susumu, Goto; Katsuaki, Ishii; S. Mohan, Jain; Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; Fukuoka Prefecture Forest Research and Extension Center; Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; University of Helsinki

    1999-01-01

    Genetic stability of propagules regenerated via somatic embryogenesis is of paramount importance for its application to clonal forestry. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine the genetic stability in somatic embryogenesis of Quercus serrata Thunb. (Japanese white oak). Forty samples from an embryogenic line, consisting of regenerated plantlets, somatic embryos, and embryogenic calli, were examined using 54 decanucleotide primers. A total of 6520 clear reproduc...

  11. BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA E DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA EM JABUTICABEIRAS (Myrciaria spp., Myrtaceae)

    OpenAIRE

    Vilela, Regina Célia Freitas

    2013-01-01

    Este trabalho teve como objetivos principais investigar os fatores ecológicos envolvidos no sistema de reprodução de espécies em simpatria de jabuticabeiras (Myrciaria spp.). Para isso, foram realizados estudos quanto ao comportamento da floração, biologia floral e sistema reprodutivo, aliando estes dados aos dados genéticos obtidos através de marcadores moleculares tipo RAPD. Foram realizados cruzamentos interespecíficos para avaliar a capacidade de formação de híbridos e investigar a presen...

  12. Morphological characterization and molecular fingerprinting of Nostoc strains by multiplex RAPD.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hillol, Chakdar; Pabbi, Sunil

    2012-01-01

    Morphological parameters studied for the twenty selected Nostoc strains were mostly found to be consistent with the earlier reports. But the shape of akinetes observed in this study was a little deviation from the existing descriptions and heterocyst frequency was also found to be different in different strains in spite of growing in the same nitrogen free media. Multiplex RAPD produced reproducible and completely polymorphic amplification profiles for all the strains including some strain specific unique bands which are intended to be useful for identification of those strains. At least one to a maximum of two unique bands was produced by different dual primer combinations. For ten strains out of twenty, strain specific bands were found to be generated. Cluster analysis revealed a vast heterogeneity among these Nostoc strains and no specific clustering based on geographical origin was found except a few strains. It was also observed that morphological data may not necessarily correspond to the genetic data in most of the cases. CCC92 (Nostoc muscorum) and CCC48 (Nostoc punctiforme) showed a high degree of similarity which was well supported by high bootstrap value. The level of similarity of the strains ranged from 0.15 to 0.94. Cluster analysis based on multiplex RAPD showed a good fit revealing the discriminatory power of this technique.

  13. Marcadores inflamatórios e anticorpos anti-chlamydia em pacientes com síndrome metabólica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosecler Riethmuller Franco

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome metabólica está associada ao aumento de risco de eventos cardiovasculares. Marcadores inflamatórios e anticorpos anti-Chlamydia têm sido relacionados ao desenvolvimento e à progressão da aterosclerose e dos eventos cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os marcadores inflamatórios interleucina-6 (IL-6 e fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-α e os anticorpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae em pacientes com síndrome metabólica (SM, com e sem eventos cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal constituído por 147 indivíduos. Desses, 100 (68% com SM e sem eventos cardiovasculares; e 47 (32% com SM e com eventos cardiovasculares. Dos indivíduos que sofreram eventos cardiovasculares, 13 (6,11% apresentam infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM, e dez (4,7%, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC. O diagnóstico da SM foi determinado pelos critérios do NCEP-ATPIII. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos sujeitos com eventos cardiovasculares foi de 61,26 ± 8,5 e de 59,32 ± 9,9 nos indivíduos sem esses eventos (p=0,279, havendo predomínio do sexo feminino. O grupo com SM e sem evento apresentou maior peso, altura, IMC e circunferência abdominal. Para os indivíduos com eventos cardiovasculares (p=0,001, os marcadores inflamatórios IL-6 e TNF-α e a doença vascular periférica foram significativamente maiores. Obtiveram-se níveis elevados de anticorpos IgG para Chlamydia pneumoniae no grupo SM, sem eventos e de IgA no grupo com eventos quando comparados os dois grupos. Com relação ao IAM e ao AVC, os anticorpos anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae não demonstraram significância estatística, comparados ao grupo sem eventos cardiovasculares. Associação foi observada com o uso de estatinas, hipoglicemiantes orais, injetáveis e anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais no grupo com esses eventos. CONCLUSÃO: Marcadores inflamatórios encontram-se significativamente elevados em pacientes com SM, com IAM e AVC. Anticorpos anti-Chlamydia n

  14. Genetic variability among the brown rust resistant and susceptible genotypes of sugarcane by RAPD technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown leaf rust in sugarcane is caused by Puccinia melanocephala (Syd. & P. Syd.), which is major cause of cultivar withdrawal. We attempted to analyze the RAPD diversity of two discrete phenotypic classes i.e. rust resistant (R) and rust susceptible (S) of six commercially available sugarcane elite...

  15. Enfermedad óseo mineral relacionada con la enfermedad renal crónica: Klotho y FGF23; implicaciones cardiovasculares

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    Laura Salanova Villanueva

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica es la cardiovascular. La inflamación y las alteraciones en el metabolismo óseo mineral son una condición patológica que conlleva aumento del riesgo cardiovascular en la enfermedad renal crónica. Los parámetros bioquímicos clásicos del metabolismo óseo mineral como fósforo, calcio, vitamina D y PTH tienen una implicación muy conocida en el riesgo cardiovascular. Los nuevos marcadores, FGF23 y klotho, también podrían estar implicados en la enfermedad cardiovascular.

  16. Introducción de los marcadores del discurso en los manuales del ELE del nivel B2 usados en Brasil

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    Nogueira da Silva, Antonio Messias

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio pretende comprobar, en términos generales, si los manuales del ELE del nivel B2, que actualmente son usados en Brasil, introducen adecuadamente la clase de los marcadores del discurso en sus unidades didácticas. Esta investigación no sólo ha pretendido deslindar qué grupos de marcadores son introducidos en estos manuales sino también ofrecer a los profesores, aprendices y autores pautas más precisas que aporten a modos de mejorar y profundizar la enseñanza de estas unidades discursivas tanto en el aula de ELE como en la elaboración de materiales didácticos en los que se deberá tener en cuenta sus valores semántico-pragmáticos.

  17. Identification of SSR and RAPD markers linked to a resistance allele for angular leaf spot in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris line ESAL 550

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    Gilvan Ferreira da Silva

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to identify RAPD and SSR markers associated with a resistant allele for angular leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola from the line 'ESAL 550', derived from the Andean 'Jalo EEP 558' cultivar, to assist selection of resistant genotypes. The resistant line 'ESAL 550' and the susceptible cultivar 'Carioca MG' were crossed to generate F1 and F2 populations. One hundred and twenty F2:3 families were evaluated. The DNA of the 12 most resistant families was bulked and the same was done with the DNA of the 10 most susceptible, generating two contrasting bulks. One RAPD and one SSR marker was found to be linked in coupling phase to the resistant allele. The SSR marker was amplified by the primer PV-atct001(282C, and its distance from the resistant allele was 7.6 cM. This is the most useful marker for indirect selection of resistant plants in segregating populations. The RAPD marker was amplified by the primer OPP07(857C linked in coupling phase to the resistant allele, and distant 24.4 cM. Therefore, this RAPD marker is not so useful in assisting selection because it is too far from the resistant allele.

  18. Relationships between some Thai cultivars of pineapple (Ananas comosus revealed by RAPD analysis

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    Siam Popluechai

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available RAPD analysis of nine Thai pineapple cultivars, including 'Phulae', 'Sawee', 'Tradsithong', 'Phuket', 'Pattavia', 'Intrachitdang', 'Intrachitkhow', 'Petburi No.1', and 'Nanglae', showed that, of 40 arbitrary 10- mer primers, 17 primers gave 206 DNA fragments ranging from 510 to 4,700 bp. One hundred and forty-five (70.4% of the amplified fragments were polymorphic. RAPD analysis using NTSYS-pc Version 2.01e also showed that the similarity coefficients among the cultivars were 0.643-0. 963. The dendrogram indicated that the cultivars were clustered into 3 groups, consistent with the morphological data. The first group, consisting of 'Phuket', 'Phulae', 'Tradsithong', 'Sawee', and 'Petburi No.1', had morphological characteristics of the Queen group, while those of the second ('Intrachitdang' and 'Intrachitkow' and the third ('Nanglae' and 'Pattavia' groups could be determined morphologically to be members of the Spanish and Cayenne groups, respectively. 'Intrachitdang' and 'Intrachitkow' have similarity coefficient of 0.963, while that of 'Phulae' and 'Phuket' is 0.950. These pairs of cultivars are probably the same cultivars. The morphological differences between them are probably caused by mutations, differences in environment and agricultural practices, or combinations of these factors.

  19. Molecular characterisation of a germplasm bank for Theobroma genus using the RAPD technique

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    Yovany Moreno

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA were used for analysing 145 individuals (128 T. grandiflorum and 17 T. bicolor from the ex situ Theobroma genus germplasm bank at Instituto Sinchi, located at San José del Guaviare. 5 primers able to generated polymorphism were selected from an initial set of 20, generating 114 bands that enable to us to distinguish between more than 99% of individuals analysed: 57 bands for T. grandiflorum (84.2% polymorphic, 45 bands for T. bicolor (26.7% polymorphic and 12 bands shared between the two species (58.3% polymorphic. A high degree of intra-specific similarity particularly in T. bicolor was established from the similarity matrix obtained by using the Dice index and represented in a UPGMA dendrogram and the principal components analysis (PCA. The comparison of this analysis with a previous morpho-agronomic evaluation of some T. grandiflorum individuals revealed that the groups generated on the basis of its agronomic and morphological traits were heterogeneous at molecular level. The obtained information will be used as a tool in strategies regarding maintenance, enrichment and use of the germplasm bank. Key words: Theobroma grandiflorum, Theobroma bicolour, RAPD, molecular characterisation.

  20. Trypanosoma rangeli: RAPD-PCR and LSSP-PCR analyses of isolates from southeast Brazil and Colombia and their relation with KPI minicircles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marquez, D S; Ramírez, L E; Moreno, J; Pedrosa, A L; Lages-Silva, E

    2007-09-01

    This study presents the first genetic characterization of five Trypanosoma rangeli isolates from Minas Gerais, in the southeast of Brazil and their comparison with Colombian populations by minicircle classification, RAPD-PCR and LSSP-PCR analyses. Our results demonstrated a homogenous T. rangeli population circulating among Didelphis albiventris as reservoir host in Brazil while heterogeneous populations were found in different regions of Colombia. KP1(+) minicircles were found in 100% isolates from Brazil and in 36.4% of the Colombian samples, whereas the KP2 and KP3 minicircles were detected in both groups. RAPD-PCR and LSSP-PCR profiles revealed a polymorphism within KP1(+) and KP1(-) T. rangeli populations and allowed the division of T. rangeli in two branches. The Brazilian KP1(+) isolates were more homogenous than the KP1(+) isolates from Colombia. The RAPD-PCR were entirely consistent with the distribution of KP1 minicircles while those obtained by LSSP-PCR were associated in 88.9% and 71.4% with KP1(+) and KP1(-) populations, respectively.

  1. TRATAMIENTO DEL CÁNCER CON AGENTES CITOSTÁTICOS: UN PROGRAMA REGRESIVO DE INVESTIGACIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Octavio Martínez Betancur

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available La oncología ha llamado de regreso a la medicina mecanicista y a la causalidad determinista para orientar su quehacer investigativo en la terapia antineoplásica. A lo que ha llevado esta postura epistemológica, es a un cambio regresivo del programa de investigación terapéutica en cáncer, manifiesto por las modificaciones introducidas en los desenlaces de los ensayos clínicos con agentes citostáticos ante el fracaso del desenlace esperado de regresión tumoral y curación. Ya en estudios fase II con agentes citostáticos no se habla de tasas de remisión tumoral sino de mediciones subrogadas, muchas aún no validadas, del efecto citostático sobre el marcador molecular, y en los desenlaces de estudios fase III se incluye como criterio de respuesta la estabilización o no progresión tumoral. Todo un fracaso del prometido y anhelado “proyectil mágico” de la terapia orientada a blancos moleculares en cáncer.

  2. Genetic characterization of early maturing maize hybrids (Zea mays L. obtained by protein and RAPD markers

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    Bauer Iva

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Knowledge of maize germplasm genetic diversity is important for planning breeding programmes, germplasm conservation per se etc. Genetic variability of maize hybrids grown in the fields is also very important because genetic uniformity implies risks of genetic vulnerability to stress factors and can cause great losts in yield. Early maturing maize hybrids are characterized by shorter vegetation period and they are grown in areas with shorter vegetation season. Because of different climatic conditions in these areas lines and hybrids are developed with different features in respect to drought resistance and disease resistance. The objective of our study was to characterize set of early maturing maize hybrids with protein and RAPD markers and to compare this clasification with their pedigree information. RAPD markers gave significantly higher rate of polymorphism than protein markers. Better corelation was found among pedigree information and protein markers.

  3. Genetic analysis of the genus Diospyros ssp. using RAPD and i-PBS methods

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    Jana Raddová

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Molecular techniques (RAPD and i-PBS were used to study genetic diversity within persimmon collection at Horticulture Faculty of Mendel University in Lednice. The aim of the work was to distinguish 14 known and 6 of unknown origin persimmon cultivars. The basic screening of 20 OPT primers was applied to 4 cultivars differring in the place of origin. Within the group of screened primers there were chosen those, which gave polymorphic repeatable strong and middle strong bands. Selected primers were used for the RAPD reactions within the whole persimmon collection. Three OPA primers previously described in the literature were also used for the RAPD reactions within the whole persimmon collection. Additional 16 i-PBS primers previously described in the literature were also used for i-PBS analysis of the whole group of cultivars. Amplification was successful with 12 i-PBS primers. The FreeTree software package was used to gen­erate a similarity matrix and then to produce a dendrogram using UPGMA analyses. The similarity dendrograms of all persimmon cultivars were created based on both approaches and also on combination of both analyses by program Tree View. All the dendrograms clearly separated the assessed cultivars into 4 clusters. There are cluster of American persimmons – Meader’ (1, ’Garretson’ (2 and ’Early Golden’ (3. They are representatives of D. virginiana. Further part of dendrogram includes single D. lotus (5, which is also clearly separated from other cultivars of the genus Diospyros. The third cluster includes interspecific hybrids ’Rossiyanka’ (10 and ’Nikitskaiya Bordovaiya’ (13, which arised from crosses of D. virginiana and D. kaki. The last cluster is formed by cultivars of Japanese persimmon – ’Mikatani Gosho’, ’Zenjimaru’, ’Tone Wase’, ’Hiratanenashi’, ’Fuyu’, Chinese cultivar – ’Sansi’ and two Italian cultivars ’Vaniglia’ and ’Tipo’. They are clustered without significant

  4. Genetic diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Genn. Populations in Brazil revealed by RAPD markers

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    L.H.C. Lima

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Bemisia tabaci (Genn. was considered a secondary pest in Brazil until 1990, despite being an efficient geminivirus vector in beans and soybean. In 1991, a new biotype, known as B. tabaci B biotype (=B. argentifolii was detected attacking weed plants and causing phytotoxic problems in Cucurbitaceae. Nowadays, B. tabaci is considered one of the most damaging whitefly pests in agricultural systems worldwide that transmits more than 60 different plant viruses. Little is known about the genetic variability of these populations in Brazil. Knowledge of the genetic variation within whitefly populations is necessary for their efficient control and management. The objectives of the present study were to use RAPD markers (1 to estimate the genetic diversity of B. tabaci populations, (2 to study the genetic relationships among B. tabaci biotypes and two other whitefly species and (3 to discriminate between B. tabaci biotypes. A sample of 109 B. tabaci female individuals obtained from 12 populations in Brazil were analyzed and compared to the A biotype from Arizona (USA and B biotype from California (USA and Paraguay. Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Aleurodicus cocois samples were also included. A total of 72 markers were generated by five RAPD primers and used in the analysis. All primers produced RAPD patterns that clearly distinguished the Bemisia biotypes and the two other whitefly species. Results also showed that populations of the B biotype have considerable genetic variability. An average Jaccard similarity of 0.73 was observed among the B biotype individuals analyzed. Cluster analysis demonstrated that, in general, Brazilian biotype B individuals are scattered independently in the localities where samples were collected. Nevertheless, some clusters were evident, joining individuals according to the host plants. AMOVA showed that most of the total genetic variation is found within populations (56.70%, but a significant portion of the variation is found

  5. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Elops machnata (Forskal Populations in South East and West Coasts of India Using RAPD Markers

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    Vellaichamy RAMANADEVI

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD technique was used to study the genetic diversity of four Elops machnata populations in South India. Elops machnata is considered as a least concern species (LC, categorized by the International Union for Conservation and Nature (IUCN. The population trends are currently stable in Indian Ocean, Eastern Africa, but are unknown throughout the rest of its expansive range, especially in Indian estuaries. Among the ten RAPD primers tested, eight primers got amplified and gave scorable bands. In total, 119 scorable bands were observed in all populations. The overall observed and effective number of alleles was found to be 2.000 ± 0.000 and 1.5307 ± 0.2503 respectively for the entire population. The overall polymorphic loci were 61.00% and the overall gene flow among the four populations was predicted to 0.1032. The genetic distance and geographic distance between the four populations showed a positive correlation. The highest genetic similarity (0.6824 was found between Parangipettai and Muthupettai population, which reflected the geographical relationship between them. Tow main clusters were obtained based on UPGMA dendrogram. This study proves that RAPD analysis has the ability to discriminate E. machnata populations in South Indian coastal waters.

  6. Modelo para la determinación de los marcadores genéticos de la respuesta inmunitaria en poblaciones colombianas

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    Edmond J. Yunis

    1988-08-01

    Full Text Available

    Basados en nuestra experiencia, es posible estudiar factores genéticos del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (CMH en varias enfermedades inmunológicas, o también factores genéticos que influyen en la falta de respuesta inmunitaria a vacunas como la hepatitis B. Los alelos de diferentes loci del CMH sirven por sí mismos para identificar riesgos para enfermedades o falta de respuesta a vacunas. El bloque de genes del CMH, que pueden existir al nivel de la población, en desequilibrio de enlace genético, es un mayor marcador para estudiar la susceptibilidad genética a enfermedades como las atopías así como también la falta de respuesta a vacunas. Nosotros proponemos que un estudio inmunogenético de poblaciones colombianas, podría utilizarse como control para identificar susceptibilidad genética para el desarrollo de atopías a los ácaros del polvo y a los hongos (mohos, que son alergenos comunes en Colombia. También, la existencia de una gran susceptibilidad para la hepatitis delta en la región norte de Colombia, indica que un estudio inmunogenético de identificación de haplotipos colombianos asociados con la falta de respuesta a la vacuna contra la hepatitis B serían muy útiles.

    La identificación de individuos que no responden a vacunas comunes, sugeriría que ellos son más susceptibles a adquirir la hepatitis. En consecuencia, será necesario desarrollar otras vacunas con diferentes ntígenos para proteger a esa población.

  7. Caracterización de accesiones de papaya (Carica papaya L. a través de marcadores AFLP en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maruchi Alonso Esquivel

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Los marcadores moleculares son herramientas valiosas en los estudios genéticos en plantas, y están siendo empleados exitosamente en programas de mejoramiento principalmente en la elección de progenitores y en la selección. El polimorfismo observado mediante la técnica molecular AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ha sido de utilidad para estudios de diversidad genética en frutales. En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización molecular de 12 accesiones de papaya (Carica papaya L. del banco de germoplasma del Instituto de Investigaciones en Fruticultura Tropical (IIFT, empleando la técnica AFLP. Se evaluaron seis combinaciones de iniciadores para la amplificación selectiva, las cuales amplificaron un total de 431 bandas con 73,3% de polimorfismo. El número total de patrones de bandas identificados fue igual en todas las combinaciones utilizadas, con un porcentaje de identificación alto, lo que sugiere que dichas combinaciones pudieran ser empleadas para estudios de variabilidad genética en papaya. En general, los resultados presentados demuestran que existe diversidad genética entre las accesiones evaluadas, lo cual constituye un reflejo del origen que presentan los genotipos analizados a partir de la introducción de materiales foráneos y la polinización abierta de un grupo de materiales selectos. Por tanto, se recomienda retomar la prospección y selección de accesiones locales, así como la introducción de nuevos genotipos foráneos, como dos vías fundamentales para aumentar la diversidad genética presente en el banco de germoplasma de papaya de Cuba.

  8. Levantamento e caracterização da dipterofauna necrófaga em uma localidade de Brasília - doi: 10.5102/ucs.v6i2.456

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    Gabriel Alonzo Carreira

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Os dípteros representam um grupo de extrema relevância para a criminalística graças a sua capacidade de encontrar corpos em decomposição, permitindo a estimativa do intervalo post mortem. A dificuldade de identificação dos dípteros é um problema que muitos dos profissionais têm que lidar para obter informações acuradas que possam ser utilizadas como provas de crime. Para resolver este problema as identificações por marcadores moleculares se mostram um método eficiente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever a população de dípteros de interesse forense em Brasília por meio de marcadores moleculares baseados em DNA. Os resultados indicaram que marcadores RAPD e de DNAmt podem ser usados para a identificação de Chrysomya albiceps. Sendo assim, estabeleceu-se um método molecular de identificação de uma espécie de interesse forense que poderá servir de auxílio na elucidação de crimes na região ou na identificação de vestígios incompletos ou imaturos de dípteros.

  9. El proceso de Toma de Decisiones en pacientes con Demencia tipo Alzheimer

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    Jose R. Alameda

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Tomar decisiones es algo común en nuestra vida y contribuye a la adaptación al medio en que vivimos, por ello es relevante conocer cómo es el proceso de toma de decisiones y las posibles disfunciones que puedan darse a causa de su deterioro. En el caso de los pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer, los problemas en la toma de decisiones parecen incluso ya en fases leves, lo que dificulta la correcta interacción con el entorno, especialmente en situaciones de incertidumbre. Este proceso ha sido analizado desde varios enfoques, siendo la hipótesis del marcador somático y la tarea de la Iowa Gambling Task (IGT uno de los más utilizados. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de analizar la toma de decisiones en pacientes con DTA frente a un grupo de sujetos control, y analizar el tipo de elecciones de ambos grupos en situaciones de incertidumbre mediante la una versión modificada de la IGT, observar si son tendentes al riesgo o no, y la relación que guarda su ejecución con el status cognitivo en cada una de las áreas evaluadas por los tests. Además de la IGT, utilizaremos como test de cribado en demencias el Miniexamen Cognoscitivo de Lobo, Test del Reloj a la Orden y Copia y Test de Fluidez Verbal de Isaacs. En nuestros resultados, los sujetos con DTA presentan una ejecución deficitaria en la IGT, tanto en el cómputo global como en su análisis por bloques, con una estrategia de elección de cartas aleatoria, por lo que podríamos considerar ciertas tendencias al riesgo, si bien su ejecución muestra cierta capacidad de aprendizaje a lo largo de los bloques. Por último, el deterioro cognitivo y el grado de afectación en las distintas áreas analizadas se relacionan con la forma en que toman decisiones los pacientes con DTA.

  10. USO DE MARCADORES BIOQUÍMICOS Y MOLECULARES EN ESTUDIOS DE DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA.

    OpenAIRE

    Becerra V., Viviana; Paredes C., Mario

    2000-01-01

    En las últimas décadas ha habido un notorio aumento en los marcadores genéticos disponibles para estudios de diversidad genética. Algunos de ellos tienen diferentes bases moleculares, pero todos están enfocados a determinar la organización de la estructura genética en las poblaciones naturales y cultivadas. Además, ellos muestran la similitud entre y dentro de las poblaciones evitando el efecto ambiental. Conocer la similitud entre los individuos y las poblaciones es de gran utilidad en los p...

  11. Comparación entre 5 métodos para la extracción de ADN de Triatomíneos: su utilización en la técnica de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD)

    OpenAIRE

    Fraga Nodarse, Jorge; Rodríguez, Jinnay; Fuentes, Omar; Castex, Mayda; Fernández-Calienes, Aymé

    2004-01-01

    Se evaluó la aplicabilidad de 5 protocolos útiles para la extracción del ADN genómico de Triatomíneos, y se describió el método del acetato de potasio modificado, como un método con el que se obtiene un alto rendimiento y pureza del ADN en el menor tiempo y costo, para su utilización como molde en la técnica de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD [la cual es un método simple para detectar el polimorfismo genético del ADN]) y probablemente en otras técnicas moleculares basadas en la ampl...

  12. Genetic diversity in mesoamerican populations of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), assessed using RAPDs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gillies, A C; Navarro, C; Lowe, A J; Newton, A C; Hernández, M; Wilson, J; Cornelius, J P

    1999-12-01

    Swietenia macrophylla King, a timber species native to tropical America, is threatened by selective logging and deforestation. To quantify genetic diversity within the species and monitor the impact of selective logging, populations were sampled across Mesoamerica, from Mexico to Panama, and analysed for RAPD DNA variation. Ten decamer primers generated 102 polymorphic RAPD bands and pairwise distances were calculated between populations according to Nei, then used to construct a radial neighbour-joining dendrogram and examine intra- and interpopulation variance coefficients, by analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA). Populations from Mexico clustered closely together in the dendrogram and were distinct from the rest of the populations. Those from Belize also clustered closely together. Populations from Panama, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras, however, did not cluster closely by country but were more widely scattered throughout the dendrogram. This result was also reflected by an autocorrelation analysis of genetic and geographical distance. Genetic diversity estimates indicated that 80% of detected variation was maintained within populations and regression analysis demonstrated that logging significantly decreased population diversity (P = 0.034). This study represents one of the most wide-ranging surveys of molecular variation within a tropical tree species to date. It offers practical information for the future conservation of mahogany and highlights some factors that may have influenced the partitioning of genetic diversity in this species across Mesoamerica.

  13. [Reticulate evolution of parthenogenetic species of the Lacertidae rock lizards: inheritance of CLsat tandem repeats and anonymous RAPD markers].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chobanu, D; Rudykh, I A; Riabinina, N L; Grechko, V V; Kramerov, D A; Darevskiĭ, I S

    2002-01-01

    The genetic relatedness of several bisexual and of four unisexual "Lacerta saxicola complex" lizards was studied, using monomer sequences of the complex-specific CLsat tandem repeats and anonymous RAPD markers. Genomes of parthenospecies were shown to include different satellite monomers. The structure of each such monomer is specific for a certain pair of bisexual species. This fact might be interpreted in favor of co-dominant inheritance of these markers in bisexual species hybridogenesis. This idea is supported by the results obtained with RAPD markers; i.e., unisexual species genomes include only the loci characteristic of certain bisexual species. At the same time, in neither case parthenospecies possess specific, autoapomorphic loci that were not present in this or that bisexual species.

  14. Analysis of genetic diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from eggplant by mycelial compatibility, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD and simple sequence repeat (SSR analyses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fatih Mehmet Tok

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The genetic diversity and pathogenicity/virulence among 60 eggplant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates collected from six different geographic regions of Turkey were analysed using mycelial compatibility groupings (MCGs, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD and simple sequence repeat (SSR polymorphism. By MCG tests, the isolates were classified into 22 groups. Out of 22 MCGs, 36% were represented each by a single isolate. The isolates showed great variability for virulence regardless of MCG and geographic origin. Based on the results of RAPD and SSR analyses, 60 S. sclerotiorum isolates representing 22 MCGs were grouped in 2 and 3 distinct clusters, respectively. Analyses using RAPD and SSR markers illustrated that cluster groupings or genetic distance of S. sclerotiorum populations from eggplant were not distinctly relative to the MCG, geographical origin and virulence diversity. The patterns obtained revealed a high heterogeneity of genetic composition and suggested the occurrence of clonal and sexual reproduction of S. sclerotiorum on eggplant in the areas surveyed.

  15. Identification of genetically diverse genotypes for photoperiod insensitivity in soybean using RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, R K; Bhatia, V S; Yadav, Sanjeev; Athale, Rashmi; Lakshmi, N; Guruprasad, K N; Chauhan, G S

    2008-10-01

    Most of the Indian soybean varieties were found to be highly sensitive to photoperiod, which limits their cultivation in only localized area. Identification of genetically diverse source of photoperiod insensitive would help to broaden the genetic base for this trait. Present study was undertaken with RAPD markers for genetic diversity estimation in 44 accessions of soybean differing in response to photoperiod sensitivity. The selected twenty-five RAPD primers produced a total of 199 amplicons, which generated 89.9 % polymorphism. The number of amplification products ranged from 2 to 13 for different primers. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.0 for monomorphic loci to 0.5 with an average of 0.289. Genetic diversity between pairs of genotypes was 37.7% with a range of 3.9 to 71.6%. UPGMA cluster analysis placed all the accessions of soybean into four major clusters. No discernable geographical patterns were observed in clustering however; the smaller groups corresponded well with pedigree. Mantel's test (r = 0.915) indicates very good fit for clustering pattern. Two genotypes, MACS 330 and 111/2/1939 made a very divergent group from other accessions of soybean and highly photoperiod insensitive that may be potential source for broadening the genetic base of soybean for this trait.

  16. Characterization of rhizobia that nodulate Arachis pintoi by RAPD analysis Caracterização de rizóbios capazes de nodular Arachis pintoi via análise de "RAPD"

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    Patrícia Pereira Pinto

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available The genetic relationships of 85 Arachis pintoi nodulating Rhizobium strains were determined using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD methods. The analysis included 75 strains isolated from Cerrado soils and 10 other ones of different origins. The results indicated that there is a high level of similarity between these strains and that geographic distribution may affect their phylogenetic relationship. In addition, the results allowed the selection of the most suitable primers for characterisation of these Rhizobium strains which will be useful for implementation of competitiveness studies in Cerrado soils.As relações genéticas de 85 estirpes de Rhizobium capazes de nodular Arachis pintoi foram determinadas usando o método de "RAPD" (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. As análises incluíram 75 estirpes isoladas de solos de Cerrado e 10 de diferentes origens. Os resultados indicaram que existe um alto grau de similaridade entre estas estirpes e que a distribuição geográfica pode afetar suas relações filogenéticas. Além disso, os resultados permitiram a seleção de "primers" mais adequados para a caracterização dessas estirpes de Rhizobium, os quais serão úteis para a implementação de estudos de competitividade nos solos de Cerrado.

  17. Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Date Palm (Phoenix ‎dactylifera L. by using RAPD Technique

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    Muhanned Abdul Hasan Kareem

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available In this study provided all molecular markers of Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD successfully with the sixty five Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivars, which collected from Hilla city in Iraq, to determine fingerprinting, polymorphic value, and relationships among varieties of date palm cultivars, and also with the same type of cultivars. Data analysis of ten RAPD has been revealed. Number of amplified DNA fragments were (592 bands, polymorphism per all primers were (%64.2, primer efficiency was 0.1, and discriminatory value was (%0.09, which revealed a high percentage similarity about %67 to %100 between cultivars belong to the same variety. There are relationships with twenty four genotypes, divided in to two clusters, clusterΙ ranged distance from 0.74 to 1.30 represented(Maddany, Ashrasi, Greatli, Smeasmi and sukkary and clusterII ranged distance from 0.25 to 0.60 which divided into three sub group, there are sub group I represented (Sultana, Khestawi, Breem, Sabb Drrah, Hamrawi, Brban, and Khadrawi, sub groupiesII represented (Zahdi, Tebarzal, Maktom, brahi, Chipchab and Fom Alrman, sub groupies III represented (Usta Umran, Nersi, Najdi, Guntar, Shwethi and Ghanami Ahmer.

  18. Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Date Palm (Phoenix ‎dactylifera L. by using RAPD Technique

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    Muhanned Abdul Hasan

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available In this study provided all molecular markers of Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD successfully with the sixty five Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivars, which collected from Hilla city in Iraq, to determine fingerprinting, polymorphic value, and relationships among varieties of date palm cultivars, and also with the same type of cultivars. Data analysis of ten RAPD has been revealed. Number of amplified DNA fragments were (592 bands, polymorphism per all primers were (%64.2, primer efficiency was 0.1, and discriminatory value was (%0.09, which revealed a high percentage similarity about %67 to %100 between cultivars belong to the same variety. There are relationships with twenty four genotypes, divided in to two clusters, clusterΙ ranged distance from 0.74 to 1.30 represented(Maddany, Ashrasi, Greatli, Smeasmi and sukkary and clusterII ranged distance from 0.25 to 0.60 which divided into three sub group, there are sub group I represented (Sultana, Khestawi, Breem, Sabb Drrah, Hamrawi, Brban, and Khadrawi, sub groupiesII represented (Zahdi, Tebarzal, Maktom, brahi, Chipchab and Fom Alrman, sub groupies III represented (Usta Umran, Nersi, Najdi, Guntar, Shwethi and Ghanami Ahmer.  

  19. Estimación mediante RAPD's de la diversidad genética en Guadua en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia

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    Palacio M. Juan Diego

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Mediante RAPD's se analizaron 120 muestras foliares de 12 biotipos de Guadua angustifolia Kunth clasificados morfológicamente, procedentes de la cuenca del río Cauca, en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia, para determinar diversidad genética. El ADN se extrajo mediante el protocolo modificado de Dellaporta (1983. Se emplearon los cebadores; OPF-12, OPG-19, OPN-19 y OPP-16 con mayor número de bandas polimórficas. El índice de Shannon (HT = 0.4556 ± 0.1849 señaló diversidad genética total alta y diversidad entre los biotipos y al interior de ellos. El Índice de estructura genética (Gst = 0.5200 e Indice de migración efectiva (Nm = 0.4615 definieron biotipos bien diferenciados. El análisis de similaridad conformó tres grupos a un coeficiente de 0.64. El grupo G1 incluyó los biotipos Curvado, Rayada frecuente, Amarilla Playón, Rayada ancha, Rayada escasa, Convexa, Amarilla, Hembra, Verde irregular y algunos individuos de verde alta. El grupo G2, Verde alta y Macho. El grupo G3, Rayada negra. El estudio molecular agrupó los individuos de forma similar al estudio morfológico, con excepción de los individuos del biotipo Hembra.

    Palabras claves: Guadua angustifolia, caracterización molecular, variación genética.

  20. Estudios bioarqueológios de marcadores de estrés ocupacional en cazadores recolectores pampeanos del Holoceno Temprano-Medio

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    Scabuzzo, Clara

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo general de este trabajo es, desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica, aproximarse a los modos de vida de los cazadores recolectores a partir del análisis de las actividades físicas cotidianas. Específicamente se plantea llevar a cabo el estudio de los marcadores de estrés ocupacional (M.E.O. Estas marcas de actividad, que quedan registrados en el esqueleto como consecuencia del uso del cuerpo y de los patrones de actividad física de los individuos, pueden ser tanto de carácter patológico como no patológico. Dentro de las modificaciones patológicas se incluye la osteoartritis, las fracturas y las lesiones de estrés; en tanto que las no patológicas abarcan los marcadores de estrés músculo-esqueletal y los posturales. En este trabajo fueron consideradas las señales de degeneración articular y los marcadores de estrés músculo-esqueletal. Se analizaron los esqueletos adultos del sitio Arroyo Seco 2 (Partido de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires. En este sitio se exhumó un total de 44 esqueletos, de adultos y subadultos, ubicados temporalmente a partir de varios fechados radiocarbónicos, en el Holoceno temprano-medio. Los resultados sugieren que en los grupos cazadores recolectores pampeanos de esa etapa existió una división en las tareas cotidianas entre los sexos. Los hombres estuvieron implicados desde la adultez temprana en actividades físicas de mayor exigencia corporal, en tanto que las mujeres desarrollaron tareas de menor desgaste físico

  1. Comparison of the yeast microbiota of different varieties of cool-climate grapes by PCR-RAPD

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    Iwona Drożdż

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The yeast microbiota occurring on different varieties of grapes grown in cool-climate is not completely researched. Therefore, its identification is important to research. On the other hand, yeasts occurring in these fruits can be potentially used as starter cultures to obtain particularly demanded features in the production of wine. In addition, rapid methods for yeast identification allow to eliminate the contamination with pathogenic yeasts, which could cause the loss of wine production. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the yeasts occurring on the surface of the different varieties of white and red grapes, grown in cool-climate of Poland. Also, the aim was to compare the qualitative and quantitative composition of yeasts on the tested grapes. The 84 cultures of yeasts were isolated, that were initially macroscopic and microscopic analyzed and the purity of cultures was rated on the WL medium. Identification of yeasts by PCR-RAPD was carried using the M13 primer. In the PCR-RFLP method ITS1 and ITS4 primers, as well as restriction enzymes HhaI, HinfI, HaeIII, were used. Preliminary identification of yeasts by standard methods produced results very different from the results obtained by molecular methods. Among the isolated microorganisms yeasts were dominating, but bacteria and molds were also present. Using the PCR-RAPD method most strains of yeasts were identified. Yeast microflora of different varieties of white and red grapes was very similar as the same species of yeasts were identified. Yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces were present in all varieties of grapes. The Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Rhodotorula minuta, Pichia kluyveri, Hanseniaspora uvarum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa were identified by PCR-RAPD. 4 of the 33 tested strains of yeasts were identified by PCR-RFLP. By PCR-RAPD only Hanseniaspora uvarum was identified. The quantity and quality of microorganisms living

  2. Caracterização molecular de acessos de mandioca açucarados e não açucarados Molecular characterization of sugary and non-sugary cassava accessions

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    Eduardo Alano Vieira

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Acessos de mandioca que armazenam açúcares livres em suas raízes de reserva e não somente amido, como os acessos de mandioca cultivados comercialmente, vêm recebendo destaque atualmente. Esses acessos são popularmente conhecidos como mandiocas açucaradas ou mandiocabas, e evidenciam potencial de uso na produção de álcool combustível. Entretanto, esse germoplasma ainda não foi suficientemente estudado quanto àsua variabilidade genotípica, o que é fundamental para sua conservação e utilização no melhoramento genético. Neste tabalho, objetivou-se caracterizar por meio de marcadores RAPD 14 acessos de mandioca açucarados e não açucarados. Em laboratório, os acessos foram avaliados por meio de 12 iniciadores RAPD. Posteriormente, foi estimada a matriz de dissimilaridade genética entre os acessos, por meio da utilização do complemento do índice de Jaccard. Os iniciadores geraram 131 marcadores RAPD, dos quais 73% foram polimórficos, evidenciando a existência de variabilidade e a eficiência da técnica de RAPD. Os acessos mais similares foram BGMC 1207 e BGMC 1209, ambos açucarados e os menos similares foram o açucarado BGMC 1219 e a cultivar BGMC 436. Os acessos foram divididos em quatro grupos, sendo o primeiro grupo formado pelos 10 acessos açucarados, o segundo grupo formado por dois acessos locais não açucarados, o terceiro e o quarto foram formados pelos acessos melhorados BGMC 753 e BGMC 436. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a existência de elevada variabilidade genética entre os acessos avaliados e diferenciaram os acessos açucarados das cultivares locais não açucaradas e das cultivares comerciais não açucaradas.Emphasis has been given lately to cassava accessions that accumulate free sugars in their storage roots, besides starch, such as the commercial cultivars. These accessions are popularly known as sugary cassavas or "mandiocabas", and present a high potential for the use in ethanol biofuel

  3. CARACTERIZACIÓN MOLECULAR MEDIANTE rep-PCR DE AISLADOS NATIVOS DE Bacillus thuringiensis, OBTENIDOS DE MUESTRAS DE SUELO

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    Fabián Galvis

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Bacillus thuringiensis es una bacteria Gram-positiva formadora de esporas, que produ - ce cristales parasporales de naturaleza proteica, tóxicos contra diferentes órdenes de insectos y biodegradables e inocuos para otras especies. Esta investigación empleó el modelo experimen - tal, que mediante técnicas de observación permi - tió, la identificación microbiológica y bioquímica de B. thuringiensis a partir de muestras de suelo de los municipios de Cúcuta, El Zulia, Los Patios, San Cayetano y Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, y su posterior caracteri - zación con los marcadores moleculares Bc-Rep y MB1. Se identificaron microbiológica y bioquí - micamente 10 aislados como B. thuringiensis ; los resultados del análisis filogenético mostraron diferencias significativas en los agrupamientos obtenidos con los marcadores Bc-Rep y MB1. Con Bc-Rep se registró un índice de similaridad bajo (18%, mientras que con el marcador MB1 se obtuvo un índice mayor de similitud, 58%. En este trabajo se evidenció una gran variabilidad genética entre los aislados, que mostraron a los marcadores Bc-Rep y MB1 como altamente efectivos para diferenciar cepas estrechamente relacionadas, convirtiéndose en una herramienta genética de gran valor para estudios de identifi-cación y diversidad en B. thuringiensis.

  4. Identification and characterization of a RAPD-PCR marker for distinguishing Asian and North American gypsy moths

    Science.gov (United States)

    K.J. Garner; J.M. Slavicek

    1996-01-01

    The recent introduction of the Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) into North America has necessitated the development of genetic markers to distinguish Asian moths from the established North American population, which originated in Europe. We used RAPD-PCR to identify a DNA length polymorphism that is diagnostic for the two moth strains. The...

  5. Terbinafine susceptibility and genotypic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alipour, M; Mozafari, N A

    2015-03-01

    The four RAPD systems tested in the present study have aimed at investigating DNA fingerprinting of Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains and the correlation between genotyping and antifungal susceptibility to terbinafine. Twenty-nine clinical isolates of T. mentagrophytes were recovered from patients suspected of having active dermatophytosis who were referred to the laboratory of medical mycology department in Tehran university. Then, they were subjected to conventional examination by performing direct microscopic examination, culture on primary media, physiological tests. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility of twenty-nine T. mentagrophytes isolates against terbinafine was evaluated by modified agar dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Twenty-one sensitive and eight resistant to terbinafine, were submitted to RAPD using 4 decamer primers (A, B, C, D) with the purpose of encountering a genetic marker to terbinafine sensibility and resistance. The UPGMA-Jaccard's correlation coefficient was used to build up dendogram that could represent clusters of similarity. According to their correlation coefficient, the samples were classified as much related (100%), moderately related (80%) and unrelated (terbinafine. All susceptible samples were properly grouped, but a few numbers of resistant isolates were also included. Nevertheless, further biochemical and molecular biological studies will be required to fully elucidate the point that resistance might be the result of a mutation in the gene encoding squalene epoxidase in T. mentagrophytes. This study proved efficacy of applying RAPD molecular technique to complement traditional mycological culture and drug susceptibility tests for accurate and appropriate management of recurrent dermatophytosis and highlights the need for newer antifungals that can combat the emergence of terbinafine-resistant T. mentagrophytes strains. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

  6. Estimation of genetic variability among elite wheat genotypes using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    BIBI, S.; Khan, I.A.; Naqvi, M.H.; Siddiqui, M.A.; Yasmeen, S.; Seema, M.

    2012-01-01

    Twenty four wheat varieties/lines were assessed through RAPD for genetic diversity. Of forty primers, thirteen were able to amplify the genomic DNA and yielded 269 polymorphic bands. The percentage of the polymorphic loci was 86.22%. Nei's genetic diversity (h) ranged from 0.248 to 0.393, with an average of 0.330. Shanon's index ranged from 0.382 to 0.567, with an average of 0.487. The proportion of genetic variation among the populations ( Ds) accounted for 28.58 % of the whole genetic diversity. The level of gene flow (Nm) was 1.25. Some specific RAPD bands were also identified, variety C-591, and QM-4531 contain a specific segment of 4.9 kbp. Whereas SARC-1 and PKV-1600 amplified a specific DNA segment with primer A-09. Marvi-2000 contains two specific segments of 3.2 kb and 200 bp amplified with primer B-07. Genetically most similar genotypes were C-591 and Pasban-90 (76%) and most dissimilar genotypes were Rawal-87 and Khirman (36.1%). On the basis of results, 24 wheat varieties under study could be divided into 'two' groups and five clusters 'A' to 'E. (author)

  7. El índice neutrófilo/linfocito como marcador de disfunción sistémica endotelial en sujetos asintomáticos

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    Diego Martínez-Urbistondo

    2016-07-01

    Conclusiones: El índice neutrófilo/linfocito surge como un potencial marcador de disfunción endotelial sistémica económico, rápido, no invasivo e independiente de otros factores conocidos, en sujetos asintomáticos.

  8. Marcadores Hemoquímicos de afectación al tejido nervioso como indicadores de daño en la hipertensión arterial esencial y en el ictus

    OpenAIRE

    González García, Sergio

    2014-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se aborda la aplicabilidad clínica de las determinaciones séricas de algunos marcadores hemoquímicos de daño del SNC (NSE y S100B), inflamatorios (PCR, C3, C4 y AAT), de trombosis (fibrinógeno y DD) y de disfunción endotelial (μalb) en dos enfermedades íntimamente relacionadas, donde la afectación vascular constituye la base fisiopatológica: la HTA esencial y el ictus agudo. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue evaluar la utilidad de marcadores hemoquímicos c...

  9. The effect of exercise on cardiovascular risk markers in Mexican school-aged children: comparison between two structured group routines Efecto del ejercicio sobre marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares mexicanos: comparación entre dos rutinas grupales

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    Margie Balas-Nakash

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Objective. To assess the effects of two groups of exercise routines on cardiovascular disease risk markers. Material and Methods. An intervention study was conducted with 319 Mexican school-aged children in which routines were implemented Monday through Friday for 12 weeks. Routine A was the reference group, with 20 min of less intense activity and routine B was the new group with 40 min of aerobic exercises. Body mass index (BMI, waist circumference, fat mass percentage (FM%, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and insulin were measured before and after the intervention. Results. Routine A had an effect on diastolic pressure, while routine B had an effect on BMI, FM%, blood pressure and triglycerides. Routine B had a greater effect on blood pressure than routine A. The prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia decreased in both groups. Conclusion. Aerobic exercise is an effective health promotion strategy to reduce some cardiovascular disease risk markers.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos rutinas grupales de ejercicio sobre marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos. Intervención en 319 escolares mexicanos. Las rutinas fueron implementadas por 12 semanas (rutina A (referencia: 20 min con ejercicios menos intensos vs rutina B (nueva: 40 min con ejercicios aeróbicos. Se midieron al inicio y al final el índice de masa corporal (IMC, masa grasa (%MG, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, lípidos, lipoproteínas, glucosa e insulina. Resultados. La rutina A tuvo efecto sobre la presión diastólica; la B tuvo efecto sobre el IMC, %MG, presión arterial y triglicéridos. La rutina B tuvo mayores efectos en la presión arterial que la rutina A. Las prevalencias de obesidad, hipertensión arterial e hipertrigliceridemia disminuyeron en ambos grupos. Conclusiones. El ejercicio aeróbico es una estrategia de promoción exitosa para reducir algunos marcadores de riesgo

  10. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships among Egyptian mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivers grown in Suez Canal and Sinai region using RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mansour, Hassan; Mekki, Laila E; Hussein, Mohammed A

    2014-01-01

    DNA-based RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) markers have been used extensively to study genetic diversity and relationships in a number of fruit crops. In this study, 10 (7 commercial mango cultivars and 3 accessions) mango genotypes traditionally grown in Suez Canal and Sinai region of Egypt, were selected to assess genetic diversity and relatedness. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis using 30 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Of these, eleven primers were selected which gave 92 clear and bright fragments. A total of 72 polymorphic RAPD bands were detected out of 92 bands, generating 78% polymorphisms. The mean PIC values scores for all loci were of 0.85. This reflects a high level of discriminatory power of a marker and most of these primers produced unique band pattern for each cultivar. A dendrogram based on Nei's Genetic distance co-efficient implied a moderate degree of genetic diversity among the cultivars used for experimentation, with some differences. The hybrid which had derived from cultivar as female parent was placed together. In the cluster, the cultivars and accessions formed separate groups according to bearing habit and type of embryo and the members in each group were very closely linked. Cluster analysis clearly showed two main groups, the first consisting of indigenous to the Delta of Egypt cultivars and the second consisting of indigenous to the Suez Canal and Sinai region. From the analysis of results, it appears the majority of mango cultivars originated from a local mango genepool and were domesticated later. The results indicated the potential of RAPD markers for the identification and management of mango germplasm for breeding purposes.

  11. [Genetic variation and differentiation in striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius inferred from RAPD-PCR analysis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Atopkin, D M; Bogdanov, A S; Chelomina, G N

    2007-06-01

    Genetic variation and differentiation of the trans-Palearctic species Apodemus agrarius (striped field mouse), whose range consists of two large isolates-European-Siberian and Far Eastern-Chinese, were examined using RAPD-PCR analysis. The material from the both parts of the range was examined (41 individual of A. agrarius from 18 localities of Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Kazakhstan); the Far-Eastern part was represented by samples from the Amur region, Khabarovsk krai, and Primorye (Russia). Differences in frequencies of polymorphic RAPD loci were found between the European-Siberian and the Far Eastern population groups of striped field mouse. No "fixed" differences between them in RAPD spectra were found, and none of the used statistical methods permitted to distinguish with absolute certainty animals from the two range parts. Thus, genetic isolation of the European-Siberian and the Far Eastern population groups of A. agrarius is not strict. These results support the hypothesis on recent dispersal of striped field mouse from East to West Palearctics (during the Holocene climatic optimum, 7000 to 4500 years ago) and subsequent disjunction of the species range (not earlier than 4000-4500 years ago). The Far Eastern population group is more polymorphic than the European-Siberian one, while genetic heterogeneity is more uniformly distributed within it. This is probably explained by both historical events that happened during the species dispersal in the past, and different environmental conditions for the species in different parts of its range. The Far Eastern population group inhabits the area close to the distribution center of A. agrarius. It is likely that this group preserved genetic variation of the formerly integral ancestral form, while some amount of genetic polymorphism could be lost during the species colonization of the Siberian and European areas. To date, the settlement density and population number in general are higher than within the European

  12. Genetic variations among Echinococcus granulosus isolates in Egypt using RAPD-PCR.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taha, Hoda A

    2012-11-01

    Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by hydatid cysts, is a widespread and hazardous disease in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of the current study was to investigate the genetic variations among Echinococcus granulosus cyst strains isolated from sheep, camel, pig, and donkey using RAPD-PCR analysis. Seven primers of arbitrary sequences were used in the PCR reactions. The screened primers gave total patterns ranging from 27 to 39 reproducible bands for each isolate. Each population isolate gave its specific pattern. Although distinct polymorphic patterns were obtained among the four isolates, there were several shared bands among them in each primer used. A comparison of the different RAPD-PCR patterns showed that primers P1, P3, and OPH 04 yielded band patterns that revealed a high degree of divergence among the four isolates of E. granulosus that allowed easy distinction between them. The remaining primers (P2, P4, P5, and OPH14) amplified DNA fragments that were common to two or more isolates but diversified in the other two or three isolates. The study revealed that the most closely related isolates were of donkey and camel where the similarity coefficent between them ranging from 53 % to 78 %, followed by isolates of pig and sheep (sc = 40 % to 68 %), while the similarity coefficent between isolates of camel and sheep was 33-45 %, between camel and pig was 36 to 57 %, between donkey and pig was 37 to 52 %, and between donkey and sheep was 35 to 54 % which means that they more or distant from each other. In conclusion, hydatid cysts isolated from camel may have the genotypic characters of donkey strain.

  13. Estádio da meiose do micrósporo como marcador do final da endodormência em pessegueiro

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    CITADIN IDEMIR

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a validade da técnica da meiose polínica como marcador do final da endodormência em pessegueiro, em condições de inverno subtropical. Determinou-se o número de unidades de calor (GDHºC - Growing Degree Hour Celsius acumulado desde 1º de maio até o final da meiose e desta até 10 e 50 % de florescimento. Foram efetuadas correlações entre tétrades + pólen versus GDHºC e tétrades + pólen versus número de horas de frio (temperaturas do ar £ 7,2 ºC, nas diferentes datas de observação compreendidas entre 1º de maio e final da meiose. Pelos resultados dos dois anos de observação, verificou-se que há necessidade de calor para que as células-mãe de pólen atinjam o estádio de tétrades. O método da meiose polínica mostrou-se inadequado como marcador do final da endodormência em pessegueiro.

  14. temprana. Un enfoque analítico en un estudio piloto

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    Gloria Garavito

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar biomarcadores de susceptibilidad para AIJ poliarticular y AR de instalación temprana por estudio del polimorfismos de MHC/HLA-DRB1* y PTPN22. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles con una relación 1:2. Todos los sujetos de investigación y los controles provinieron de una corta anidada perteneciente a un proyecto institucional; 30 pacientes con AIJ y 30 con AR de instalación temprana. Como controles se estudiaron 60 individuos sanos. El ADN se obtuvo por salt- ing out modificado. La tipificación de los alelos MHC/DRB1* se realizó por PCR-SSP y en el polimorfismo (C1858T del sistema PTPN22 se utilizó PCR-RTq. Resultados: Para AIJ Poliarticular, el alelo DRB1*0404 se asoció con susceptibilidad (OR=10.82; p<0.05, en el grupo con AR de instalación temprana, DRB1*0101 se mostró como marcador de susceptibilidad (OR=4.04; p<0.05. Se destaca que el alelo HLA- DRB1*0701 aparece como marcador protector para ambas patologías (OR=0,15; p<0,05. El polimorfismo del SNP (C1858T PTPN22 no se asoció con AIJ Poliarticular. En con- traste, en AR de instalación temprana, el Alelo CC se asoció con protección p<0.05. En el mismo grupo, CT/TT se mostró como un marcador de susceptibilidad <0.05. El análisis de la secuencia aminoacídica 70QRRAA74 del epítope compartido se asoció con susceptibili- dad para ambas entidades (p<0.05 y la secuencia 70DRRGQ74 con protección en ambos grupos de pacientes (p<0.05. Conclusión: Se destaca que en la asociación con la secuencia del epítope compartido, la ubicación del tipo de aminoácido y posición del mismo define probable asociación como marcador molecular de susceptibilidad en ambas entidades. Los polimorfismos comparti- dos sugieren un origen genético común para ambas entidades.

  15. La retinopatía diabética como predictor de morbi-mortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un área de 70.000 habitantes de nuestra comunidad

    OpenAIRE

    Blasco Lamarca, Yolanda; Gimeno Orna, José Antonio; Faure Nogueras, Eduardo Jaime

    2013-01-01

    El elevado incremento en la morbi-mortalidad cardiovascular de los pacientes diabéticos, ha planteado la necesidad de búsqueda de marcadores de riesgo vascular. La presencia de retinopatía diabética podría ser un predictor independiente de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. En una muestra de 463 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de nuestra comunidad autónoma hemos evaluado la relación entre la valoración inicial del fondo de ojo y la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares. Tras un seg...

  16. Efecto de una bebida antioxidante sobre marcadores de estrés oxidativo y riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con Síndrome Metabólico

    OpenAIRE

    Bernabé García, Juana

    2014-01-01

    El síndrome metabólico, conocido también como síndrome plurimetabólico, síndrome de resistencia a la insulina o síndrome X, es una entidad clínica controvertida que aparece con amplias variaciones fenotípicas en personas con una predisposición endógena, determinada genéticamente y condicionada por factores ambientales. El síndrome metabólico se caracteriza por la presencia de insulinoresistencia con hiperinsulinismo compensador asociado a trastornos del metabolismo hidrocarbonado, cifras elev...

  17. Caracterización de la expresión de nCD64 en neutrófilos y de los niveles de s-TREM-1 y HMGB-1 en pacientes con sospecha de infección admitidos en el departamento de emergencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Velásquez

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. El receptor CD64, receptor soluble ‘desencadenador’ expresado en células mieloides (sTREM-1 y la proteína del grupo Box-1 de alta movilidad (HMGB-1, se han propuesto como mediadores en la sepsis. Objetivo. Evaluar el valor pronóstico de estos marcadores en pacientes con sospecha de infección, recientemente admitidos en un departamento de emergencias. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron en el estudio pacientes que consultaron al hospital con sospecha de infección. Se analizó la base de datos clínica, el puntaje SOFA, el puntaje APACHE II, los niveles de HMGB-1, los niveles de sTREM-1 y los niveles de nCD64. Se determinaron las concentraciones en suero de HMGB-1 y sTREM-1, usando kits de ELISA disponibles comercialmente, y la de CD64 se midió por citometría de flujo. Resultados. Se analizaron 579 pacientes con sospecha de infección al ingreso. La edad media fue de 50 años (rango intercuartílico=35-68, y 11,1 % (n=64 murieron durante el seguimiento de 28 días. El diagnóstico más frecuente en el momento del ingreso fue neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, en 23 % (n=133 de los pacientes, seguida de infección de tejidos blandos, en 16,6 % (n=96, e infección urinaria, en 15 % (n=87. Después de un análisis multivariado, no hubo asociación significativa entre ningún biomarcador y la mortalidad a los 28 días. Conclusión. Los resultados sugieren que en el contexto de un departamento de emergencias de tercer nivel de una ciudad latinoamericana típica, los tres marcadores evaluados no ofrecieron ninguna ventaja en el pronóstico de infección. La búsqueda de marcadores pronósticos más confiables en estadios tempranos de la infección aún continúa abierta.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i4.805

  18. Probador virtual: realidad aumentada sin marcadores

    OpenAIRE

    Meca López, Carlos

    2014-01-01

    La realidad aumentada (RA) consiste en la visión directa o indirecta de un entorno físico del mundo real, cuyos elementos se combinan con elementos virtuales para la creación de una realidad mixta en tiempo real. Proponemos el diseño y desarrollo de un espejo virtual en el que los usuarios puedan verse con distinta vestimenta. El sistema debe ser capaz de reconocer figuras humanas en una determinada pose, ajustar un modelo sintético de una prenda, alinearla con la pose del usuario y visualiza...

  19. Aplicação clínica dos marcadores tumorais séricos em carcinoma não-pequenas células do pulmão

    OpenAIRE

    GROSS JEFFERSON LUIZ; YOUNES RIAD NAIM; BARBUTO JOSÉ ALEXANDRE MARZAGÃO; HADDAD FABIO JOSÉ; DEHENZELIN DANIEL

    2000-01-01

    O valor clínico dos marcadores tumorais séricos em câncer de pulmão é incerto. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação da concentração sérica de marcadores tumorais com a extensão da neoplasia e seu valor prognóstico. Casuística e método: Entre fevereiro de 1995 e setembro de 1997 foram estudados 103 pacientes, no Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital do Câncer. Antes do tratamento os pacientes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para dosagem da concentração do CEA, CYFRA21.1, CA15.3, CA19.9,...

  20. ANALYSES OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN LENTINULA EDODES THROUGH MYCELIA RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT ABIOTIC CONDITIONS AND RAPD MOLECULAR MARKERS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maki Cristina Sayuri

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available The growth of thirty-four Lentinula edodes strains submitted to different mycelial cultivation conditions (pH and temperature was evaluated and strain variability was assessed by RAPD molecular markers. The growth at three pH values (5, 6 and 7 and four different temperatures (16, 25, 28 and 37ºC was measured using the in vitro mycelial development rate and water retention as parameters. Mycelial cultivation was successful at all pH tested, while the ideal temperature for mycelial cultivation ranged between 25 and 28ºC. The water content was lower in strains grown at 37ºC. Among 20 OPA primers (Operon Technologies, Inc. used for the RAPD analyses, seventeen presented good polymorphism (OPA01 to OPA05, OPA07 to OPA14, OPA17 to OPA20. The clustering based on similarity coefficients allowed the separation of strain in two groups with different geographic origins.

  1. Conservation and multiplication of encapsulated micro shoots of Rauvolfia vomitoria--an endangered medicinal tree: ISSR and RAPD based evaluation of genetic fidelity of converted plantlets.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mehrotra, Shakti; Rahman, Liaq Ur; Mishra, Jahnvi; Kukreja, Arun K

    2012-12-01

    The in vitro grown axillary micro shoots of Rauvolfia vomitoria were encapsulated in alginate beads. Following 6 months of normal storage at 25 +/- 2 degrees C the regrowth of encapsulated micro shoots, reached 95.2% within 40 days of incubation on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA. Among the responding encapsulated explants 69.6% showed emergence of multiple shoots. The developing shoots showed rhizogenesis in two weeks following their transfer to rooting medium. Healthy plants were established in a glass house with 95% survival. Of the 50 RAPD primers tested, 10 produced 23 clear and reproducible amplicons, with an average of 2.3 bands per primer. Eleven ISSR primers produced a total of 42 bands, with a size range of 0.1-1.9 kb. The number of scorable bands for each primer varied from 2 to 6, with an average of 3.81. The similarity matrix, calculated individually from the results obtained from ISSR and RAPD analysis, showed similarity coefficients ranging from 1.0 for RAPD and 0.85 to 1.0 for ISSR.

  2. Ácidos graxos como marcadores biológicos da ingestão de gorduras

    OpenAIRE

    Vaz,Juliana dos Santos; Deboni,Fabíola; Azevedo,Mirela Jobim de; Gross,Jorge Luiz; Zelmanovitz,Themis

    2006-01-01

    Os ácidos graxos da dieta têm sido associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas. Os inquéritos alimentares, utilizados em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos para estimativa da ingestão de nutrientes, apresentam limitações na coleta de informações. Nesse sentido, a utilização da composição de ácidos graxos do plasma e do tecido adiposo como marcadores do tipo de gordura alimentar pode fornecer uma medida mais acurada da ingestão de gorduras. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo evidenciar aspe...

  3. RAPD analysis of genetic variability in a multiprovenance base population of Eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden Variabilidade genética através da técnica RAPD de uma população-base multiprocedências de Eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susi Meire Maximino Leite

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability among individuals of a base population of Eucalyptus grandis and to build a molecular marker database for the analyzed populations. The Eucalyptus grandis base population comprised 327 individuals from Coff's Harbour, Atherton and Rio Claro. A few plants came from other sites (Belthorpe MT. Pandanus, Kenilworth, Yabbra, etc.. Since this base population had a heterogeneous composition, the groups were divided according to geographic localization (latitude and longitude, and genetic breeding level. Thus, the influence of those two factors (geographic localization and genetic breeding level on the genetic variability detected was discussed. The RAPD technique allowed the evaluation of 70 loci. The binary matrix was used to estimate the genetic similarity among individuals using Jaccard's Coefficient. Parametric statistical tests were used to compare within-group similarity of the means. The obtained results showed that the base population had wide genetic variability and a mean genetic similarity of 0.328. Sub-group 3 (wild materials from the Atherton region showed mean genetic similarity of 0.318. S.P.A. (from Coff's Harbour region had a mean genetic similarity of 0.322 and was found to be very important for maintenance of variation in the base population. This can be explained since the individuals from those groups accounted for most of the base population (48.3% for it. The base population plants with genetic similarity higher than 0.60 should be phenotypically analyzed again in order to clarify the tendency of genetic variability during breeding programs.Este estudo visou avaliar a variabilidade e distância genética dentro de uma população-base de melhoramento genético de Eucalyptus grandis. A avaliação da variabilidade genética tem como objetivos principais analisar a base genética da população-base e montar um banco de dados marcadores moleculares da população em an

  4. Ensayos para la extracción de ADN y estandarización de RAPDs en Moniliophthora roreri

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    Luis Enrique Quintero-Nuñez

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Background: Moniliophthora roreri is the causal agent of cocoa moniliasis, a limiting disease presented by cocoa producing regions (Theobroma cacao L., being the main phytosanitary problem for Colombia. Knowing the behavior of M. roreri In vitro, it is important for its study. In addition, continuing the work that defines the genetic structure of phytopathogen populations is interesting because it reflects their evolutionary history and their potential for evolution. Objective: To observe the growth and development of 11 isolates of M. roreri obtained from 6 municipalities of Norte de Santander: El Zulia, Cúcuta, Sardinata, El Tarra, Agua Clara, Tibú, to standardize Random Amplified polymorphic DNA. Methods: Five incubation methods were tested for phytopathogen isolation in PDB, the method where the fungus remained agitated for 1 day at 120 rpm with light / dark periods of 12h / 12h at 25 to 28 ° C, and incubation at 28 ° C in complete darkness; Showed better results, when observing growth of M. roreri mycelium during 8 days reason for which the extraction of DNA from the isolates was continued, and RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique was standardized. Results: Incubation at 28 ° C in complete darkness showed better results in fungus growth and RAPDs were standardized with Oligo 4, Oligo 8, Oligo 10 and OPA 10. In the PCR, with a denaturation temperature of 94 ° C for five minutes, 35 cycles at 94 ° C for 30 seconds, alignment temperature of 36 ° C (for Oligo 8 and 10 and 32 ° C (for Oligo 4 and OPA 10 for one minute, 72 ° C for 2 minutes and a final cycle of 72 ° C for 7 minutes. Conclusion: it was possible to determine the incubation temperature of 28 ° C in the dark and to standardize the RAPDs technique for Moniliophthora roreri.

  5. Colesterol y triglicéridos como marcadores bioquímicos del estado de la enfermedad del paciente con leucemia linfocítica aguda

    OpenAIRE

    Marco Guzmán; Miguel Sandoval

    2004-01-01

    Objetivo: Determinar la relación de los niveles séricos de colesterol y triglicéridos con el estado de respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico de inducción de pacientes con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Material y Métodos: La muestra la conforman 25 pacientes de 2 a 18 años de edad, admitidos al Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas con un diagnóstico reciente de leucemia linfocítica aguda; determinándose en ellos sus concentraciones séricas de colesterol total, colesterol-HDL, colesterol-LDL y...

  6. RAPD analysis on male sterility mutant of Lilium asiatic hybrids 'pollyanna' induced by irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jia Yuehui; Zhao Xiangyun; Zhang Kezhong; Huang Shangwu; Lu Changxun

    2005-01-01

    RAPD analysis of 80 random 10-mer primers on Lilium Asiatic hybrids 'pollyanna' and its 20 phenotype male sterility mutants induced by irradiation was carried out. Of the tested primers, 31 primers could produced ideal amplification bands on all materials, 4 primers generated stable different polymorphic bands among 9 mutants and 'pollyanna'. Different polymorphic bands of 7-18 were found among 9 mutants and 'pollyanna'. It was showed that 9 mutants were phenotype male sterility mutant of 'pollyanna'. (authors)

  7. Desarrollo de material didáctico multimedia del cultivo de tejidos vegetales con aplicaciones agrarias y ambientales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Agudelo Varela

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Las aplicaciones pedagógicas tradicionales se fundamentan en el desarrollo de la clase con marcador y tablero, y con leves avances en el manejo de diapositivas; sin embargo, las tecnologías digitales presentan una serie de novedades que complementan el trabajo de la enseñanza con aprendizaje autónomo, que puede desarrollar el educando en áreas agrarias y ambientales. El desarrollo de material didáctico multimedia MDM complementa las actividades curriculares de los cursos, particularmente, los que tienen laboratorio, y por otro lado, generan en el estudiante habilidades para el aprendizaje autónomo. Se desarrolló un MDM para el aprendizaje de las prácticas realizadas en el laboratorio de cultivos vegetales, con arquitectura cliente/ servidor, usando tecnologías actuales en el desarrollo de software, con características de tiempo real y bajo el paradigma de desarrollo de aplicaciones isomórficas. Con base al MDM, se realizó evaluación cualitativa por parte de estudiantes de Licenciatura en Producción Agropecuaria, la cual reporto un 86% de aprobación del material. Se encontró que las herramientas digitales para el aprendizaje, facilitan y mejoran en cierta medida el aprendizaje de los educandos. El uso de tecnologías nuevas como React, permite mejorar el renderizado de las páginas y optimiza la carga del servidor en las peticiones necesarias por parte del aprendiz, y hace más eficiente el engranaje de enseñanza-aprendizaje. De esta manera, el MDM permitirá fundamentar el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas en la producción agraria y en el manejo de especies de ecosistemas con ambientes naturales.

  8. Genetic Diversity in Commercial Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Varieties from Turkey as Revealed by RAPD

    OpenAIRE

    Özlem ÖZBEK; Betül Uçar GIDIK

    2013-01-01

    In cultivated commercial crop species, genetic diversity tends to decrease because of the extensive breeding processes. Therefore, germplasm of commercial crop species, such as Brassica napus L. should be evaluated and the genotypes, which have higher genetic diversity index, should be addressed as potential parental cross materials in breeding programs. In this study, the genetic diversity was analysed by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) technique in nine Turkish com...

  9. Genetic relatedness between cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz and M. flabellifolia and M. Peruviana based on both RAPD and AFLP markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Colombo Carlos

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available The taxonomy of the genus Manihot is still uncertain and the genetic origin of cassava (M. esculenta Crantz continues to be controversial. We studied the degree of genetic relatedness between cassava and two naturally occurring species (M. flabellifolia and M. peruviana which are probably involved in the evolution of cassava, using RAPD and AFLP molecular markers. Thirty-three clonal accessions of cassava of known genetic diversity and 15 accessions of the wild species M. flabellifolia and M. peruviana were analyzed using 92 polymorphic RAPD bands and 73 polymorphic AFLP bands. The genetic markers were unable to differentiate the two wild species, which confirms their botanical similarity. Half of the total number of amplified bands were monomorphic in all of the genotypes evaluated. The mean genetic similarity (Jaccard between cassava and the species M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana was 0.59. A grouping analysis (neighbor-joining method with RAPD markers of cultivated cassava, M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana and the other wild species located the genotypes of cassava and M. flabellifolia/M. peruviana at one extremity and the three Mexican species (M. aesculifolia, M. michaelis and M. chlorostica at the other. An intermediate position between these groups was occupied by two wild species (M. glaziovii and M. reptans native to central and northeastern Brazil. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the species M. flabellifolia and M. peruviana gave rise to the cultivated species.

  10. Caracterización molecular de 15 aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana asociados con Cosmopolites y Metamasius en plátano y banano en tres regiones de Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz Flórez Jaime Eduardo

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Se colectaron picudos de Cosmopolites y Metamasius en municipios del Valle del Cauca, Caldas y Quindío. Se obtuvieron cultivos monospóricos con diluciones de 10-10 y 10-11. Los aislamientos fueron almacenados a -80°C con glicerol al 10% y el ADN a –20°C. Los marcadores moleculares RAM generaron 82 fragmentos de los cuales 67% fueron polimórficos con una heterocigocidad de 0.24, que indica diversidad media a alta. A un índice de similitud 0.84 se formaron 5 grupos: uno con 11 aislamientos y 4 con un solo aislamiento. En el gran grupo se detectó un duplicado y se encontró diversidad del hongo en los sitios muestreados. No se encontró relación entre aislamientos sobre Cosmopolites y Metamasius o zona geográfica en la formación de grupos genéticos.

  11. Regression Association Analysis of Yield-Related Traits with RAPD Molecular Markers in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saeid Mirzaei

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: The pistachio (Pistacia vera, a member of the cashew family, is a small tree originating from Central Asia and the Middle East. The tree produces seeds that are widely consumed as food. Pistacia vera often is confused with other species in the genus Pistacia that are also known as pistachio. These other species can be distinguished by their geographic distributions and their seeds which are much smaller and have a soft shell. Continual advances in crop improvement through plant breeding are driven by the available genetic diversity. Therefore, the recognition and measurement of such diversity is crucial to breeding programs. In the past 20 years, the major effort in plant breeding has changed from quantitative to molecular genetics with emphasis on quantitative trait loci (QTL identification and marker assisted selection (MAS. The germplasm-regression-combined association studies not only allow mapping of genes/QTLs with higher level of confidence, but also allow detection of genes/QTLs, which will otherwise escape detection in linkage-based QTL studies based on the planned populations. The development of the marker-based technology offers a fast, reliable, and easy way to perform multiple regression analysis and comprise an alternative approach to breeding in diverse species of plants. The availability of many makers and morphological traits can help to regression analysis between these markers and morphological traits. Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 genotypes of Pistachio were studied and yield related traits were measured. Young well-expanded leaves were collected for DNA extraction and total genomic DNA was extracted. Genotyping was performed using 15 RAPD primers and PCR amplification products were visualized by gel electrophoresis. The reproducible RAPD fragments were scored on the basis of present (1 or absent (0 bands and a binary matrix constructed using each molecular marker. Association analysis between

  12. Distancia anogenital en mujeres y su relación con exposiciones prenatales maternas

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Pilar Mira-Escolano; Jaime Mendiola Olivares; Lidia Minguez-Alarcón; Manuela Roca; Jose Juan Lopez-Espin; Alberto Manuel Torres-Cantero

    2014-01-01

    La distancia anogenital (DAG) es un marcador de desarrollo genital que presenta un dimorfismo sexual en mamíferos. Diversos estudios experimentales han mostrado que la DAG al nacimiento refleja la exposición androgénica a la que el feto ha estado expuesto durante su desarrollo intraútero. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue explorar la relación entre exposiciones prenatales (maternas) a distintos productos o sustancias de uso cotidiano durante el embarazo y la DAG de sus hijas como marcador in...

  13. Polimorfismos en la longitud de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP´s) a partir de muestras de sangre almacenadas en tarjetas FTA® para la especie Cavia porcellus Lin. (Rodentia: Caviidae)

    OpenAIRE

    Burgos-Paz, William; Rosero-Galindo, Carol; Cárdenas-Henao, Heiber; Solarte-Portilla, Carlos

    2007-01-01

    Una manera eficaz de establecer el grado de variabilidad entre y dentro de poblaciones, es a través del análisis de polimorfismos de ADN con marcadores moleculares como los AFLP`s. En este artículo se presenta una metodología que combina la utilización de tarjetas de FTA® (Whatman Bioscience, Cambridge) para colección y conservación de muestras de sangre, con los procedimientos de extracción de ADN y obtención de marcadores AFLP´s, aspectos sobre los cuales no existen antecedentes para la esp...

  14. RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD FINGERPRINTING OF SIX INDONESIAN POPULATIONS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Imron Imron

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Indonesia is rich of giant fresh water prawn (GFP germ plasms. Best utilization of these resources for the purpose of either aquaculture development or conservation of genetic resources requires some information on the structure and levels of their genetic diversity. This study was aimed to characterize those GFP genetic resources by applying RAPD genetic markers. Six Indonesian populations of GFP from Asahan, Barito, Ciasem, Ogan, GImacro and Papua were collected and analyzed for their genetic variation using five RAPD primers. The results showed the diversity within the populations, as revealed by the level of polymorphism, ranged from 29% to 76% while genetic divergence between populations as shown by genetic distance ranged from 0.04 to 0.50. In terms of genetic divergence, two genetically distinct groups of GFP, namely the Papua GFP in one group and the remaining five GFP populations in the other, were identified. The results also showed the presence of specific population markers that are useful for genetic identification of GFP populations. Implication of these finding with regard to breed development is discussed.

  15. Assessment of genetic diversity within the Merodon ruficornis species group (Diptera: Syrphidae by RAPD analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrić Andrijana

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available As one of the most distinct groups in the hoverfly genus Merodon, the monophyletic ruficornis species group has been the focus of several studies using different approaches. Molecular methods have shown incongruences between morphological and molecular data. In the present study, we investigated four species of the Merodon ruficornis group (i.e. M. loewi, M. armipes, M. papillus and M. hoplitis with the aim of detecting intra- and interspecific genetic diversity, and we examined the usefulness of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD in an integrative taxonomic approach to species delimitation. Analysis of Nei’s genetic variation over all loci showed that genetic diversity for the analyzed Merodon species was h=0.24. Based on UPGMA, PCoA and Bayesian clustering analyses, our results clearly differentiated four groups that correspond to the four morphologically-defined Merodon species. Among the analyzed species, M. armipes and M. hoplitis showed the lowest level of genetic divergence; M. loewi was clearly separated from both M. armipes and M. papillus. Based on our data, we propose the use of RAPD-PCR as an additional tool for resolving taxonomic problems within Merodon. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no.173002

  16. Eficacia educacional en control metabólico de diabéticos con diálisis peritoneal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Adelaida Zapata-Zapata

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La segunda causa de enfermedad renal crónica mundial es la diabetes mellitus, con repercusiones individuales y socioeconómicas. La hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c es un marcador del control metabólico; su reducción se ha asociado a disminución en complicaciones microvasculares y neuropáticas de la diabetes. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia de un programa educativo a pacientes diabéticos en diálisis peritoneal según niveles de Hb1Ac como parámetro de control metabólico en una unidad renal de Cali, Colombia. Metodología: estudio cuasi experimental de junio 2013 a febrero de 2014 con 150 sujetos diabéticos tipo 2 en diálisis peritoneal asignados a 3 grupos, según análisis X2 , t de Student, ANOVA, ANCOVA y regresión lineal múltiple, con IBM-SPSS®. Resultados: las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los 3 grupos no presentaron diferencias significativas en línea base. Se observó diferencia significativa en el conocimiento post intervención del grupo intervenido con cada módulo (p<0,05. Niveles de Hb1Ac sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas a 3 meses. Hubo diferencia a 6 meses de intervención entre el grupo intervenido respecto de los 2 de control (p<0,05. Conclusiones: la intervención educativa puede ayudar a disminuir niveles de Hb1Ac en el paciente diabético con diálisis peritoneal, siempre que la intervención sea continua.

  17. Utilidade dos marcadores tumorais no acompanhamento de doentes com carcinoma brônquico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Robalo Cordeiro

    1995-07-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Os autores descrevem dois estudos de Marcadores Tumorais realizados no lnstituto de Patologia Geral da Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, em colaboração com o Serviço de Pneumologia dos HUC.Num primeiro trabalho, em que se dosearam CEA, NSE, SCC, CA19.9 e CA125, em 58 doentes com Carcinoma Brônquico (CB, em 29 índivíduos saudáveis e em 15 doentes com Tuberculose Pulmonar (TP, apenas se realizaram estudos de especificidade e de sensibilidade (isolada e em paineis de marcadores.No segundo trabalho realizaram-se doseameotos de CEA, NSE, TPS, CYFRA 21.1., e SCC, no soro, em líquidos de lavagem broocoalveolar e em líquidos pleurais, em 24 doentes com CB, em 9 doentes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica (DPOC, em 8 doentes com TP e em 14 indivíduos saudáveis; acompanhou-se 12 doentes em terapêutica citostática e 4 doentes submetidos a intervenção cirúrgica.Dos resultados obtidos salientam-se diferenças significativas nos valores obtidos, com o TPS, no soro, comparando os doentes com CB, quer com todo o grupo controlo (DPOC e saudáveis,- p=0.007 -, quer apenas com os indivíduos saudáveis - p=0.0007 -; na comparação dos níveis séricos dos doentes com DPOC com os dos indivíduos saudáveis, igualmente se registaram diferenças significativas para o TPS- p=0.002 -, bern como para o CEA- p=0.0004 - e para o CYFRA 21.1.- p=0.04.Das correlaçõoes histopatológicas, apenas o CEA revelou níveis significativamente elevados- p=0.02- em adenocarcinomas, relativamente aos outros tipos.Verificaram-se diferenças significativas, para os doentes come sem metástases a distância, nos valores de CEA- p=0.01 -,bern como, no que diz respeito ao TPS, nos doentes estadiados ate ao grupo IIIa, relativamente aos estadios IIIb e IV -p=0.02-. Do acompanhamento dos doentes em quimioterapia e cirurgia, retiram-se úteis sugestões, que se discutem.Relativamente aos estudos nos líquidos de Lavagem broncoalveolar, e embora se verifiquem

  18. Realidad aumentada en fisiología: descarga y breves instrucciones del uso de la aplicación HP REVEAL (AURASMA) sobre marcadores de nivel 1 y 2 en la docencia

    OpenAIRE

    Domínguez Vías, Germán; Carrasco Viñuela, Manuel; González Forero, David; Portillo Pacheco, Federico Luís; Vallo de Castro, Jose Juan

    2018-01-01

    Diálogo (Script): - Hola a todos. Una vez descargada la aplicación Aurasma, ahora llamada HP Reveal, tendréis que pulsar la aplicación, app AURASMA, y buscar y darle a seguir al grupo fisiologiaUCA. A continuación, podréis probar en clase activando el escáner y enfocando sobre marcadores de realidad aumentada de nivel 1, como código, o al final de este video marcadores de nivel 2, como son las fotos. Os saldrán, como estáis viendo, animaciones que os ayudarán a ver y comprender conceptos ...

  19. Primer reporte de empleo de marcadores AFLP en Asteraceae en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grecia Montalvo Fernández

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: First report of the employment of AFLP markers in Asteraceae in Cuba. Resumen: Rhodogeron coronopifolius Griseb., es una especie vegetal de la familia Asteraceae, que se encuentra en peligro crítico de extinción. Es endémico de la provincia Villa Clara en la región central de Cuba. Habita en el matorral xeromorfo sub espinoso sobre serpentina. Existen solo cinco poblaciones naturales dentro de un área protegida, la principal causa de amenaza es la fragmentación de su hábitat por acciones antrópicas. Debido a su situación de conservación, se hace necesario realizar estudios de la diversidad genética de las poblaciones naturales para así generar información básica y diseñar una estrategia de conservación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar de manera preliminar la diversidad genética de cuatro poblaciones de esta especie utilizando marcadores AFLP (Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados. Se emplearon dos combinaciones de iniciadores y se evaluó el porcentaje de polimorfismo así como la similitud entre los individuos.  Se obtuvieron 165 loci de los cuales el 78,7 % fueron polimórficos. La población de mayor polimorfismo fue Corojito con 85,2%, de manera general el polimorfismo fue alto con valores entre 75 y  87%. La similitud entre los individuos también fue alta con un promedio de 0,74. El agrupamiento genético fue independiente a la población de procedencia, lo que sugiere que existe intercambio genético entre las poblaciones y que estas comparten más del 80 % de los alelos que fueron analizados. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes para el mantenimiento in situ de la especie y para tomar decisiones en aras de su conservación. Palabras clave: Rhodogeron coronopifolius, peligro de extinción, polimorfismo, conservación. Abstract: Rhodogeron coronopifolius Griseb., is a specie of Asteraceae family, in critical danger of extinction. It is an endemic of Villa Clara city in the

  20. El triángulo de McDowell y otros recursos para trabajar la expresión escrita y los marcadores del discurso en el aula de E/LE

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    Adrián Ombuena Cabanes

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available En esta comunicación se presentan un conjunto de actividades ordenadas gradualmente siguiendo el triángulo de McDowell: cada actividad se define según el grado de control del docente sobre la tarea de los alumnos. La última actividad es una actividad comunicativa de expresión escrita (EE donde se aprovechan los contenidos vistos a lo largo de la secuencia didáctica. La actividad final consiste en escribir un texto expositivo-argumentativo utilizando marcadores discursivos (MD. No todas las actividades son de EE, pero sí todas están encaminadas a preparar una buena EE (reconocer MD, localizar MD, organizar MD, planificar la EE con MD. Además, en esta secuencia se utilizan actividades de aprendizaje cooperativo (como el puzle de Aronson, cuya aplicación asegura el aprendizaje significativo. Se presenta aquí una propuesta para acercar a los alumnos de E/LE la importancia del uso de MD y de la planificación para lograr una EE satisfactoria.

  1. Diversidade genética de três estoques de piapara (Leporinus elongatus, utilizando RAPD - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i2.4710 Genetic diversity of three stocks of piapara (Leporinus elongatus, using RAPD - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i2.4710

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lauro Vargas

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Recentemente a produção aquícola brasileira tem apresentado grande progresso. Dentre as espécies nativas cultivadas no Brasil, a piapara (Leporinus elongatus tem sido amplamente preconizada. Com objetivo de avaliar os programas de repovoamento, foram analisadas a variabilidade e a divergência genética de três estoques de piapara com a técnica de RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic. O primeiro estoque pertence à Estação de Aquicultura e Hidrologia da Duke Energy International (A; o segundo, à piscicultura de Rolândia (B e o terceiro, ao Programa de Repovoamento dos Rios do Paraná (C. Os dez primers para RAPD utilizados produziram 105 fragmentos polimórficos, conferindo um polimorfismo de 98,1% para os três estoques avaliados. A porcentagem de locos polimórficos e índice de Shannon foi superior para o estoque A. Porém, todos valores foram elevados, indicando alta diversidade intrapopulacional. Os valores de indicam que houve baixa diferenciação genética entre os estoques A x B e moderada diferenciação entre os demais. O Nm foi maior entre os estoques A x B. A distância genética e o dendrograma indicam que os estoques A x B são menos distantes geneticamente.Latelly, aquiculture production in Brazil has made great strides. Among the native species cultivated in Brazil, piapara (Leporinus elogatus has been widely praised. With the objective of evaluating restocking programs, the variability and genetic divergence of three piapara stocks were analyzed using the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique. The first stock belongs to the Aquiculture and Hydrology Station of Duke Energy International (A; the second one belongs to a fish farm in the city of Rolândia (B; and the third to the River Restocking Program of Paraná (C. The ten primers used for RAPD produced 105 polymorphic loci, conferring a polymorphism of 98.1% for the three evaluated stocks. Polymorphic loci percentage and Shannon index were higher for stock A

  2. Valores de cistatina C sérica en recién nacidos pretérmino en nuestro medio. Relación con valores de creatinina sérica y patologías de la prematuridad

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    Leonor Bardallo Cruzado

    2015-05-01

    Conclusiones: Descenso de CisC sérica a las 48-72 h de vida, siendo esta caída en el tiempo significativa (p < 0,05, ascenso a los 7 días, en los 3 grupos de EG y sin diferencias en valores de CisC entre los grupos. Se requieren más estudios en pretérminos con patología respiratoria y situaciones de hipotensión. En ≤ 1.500 g la CisC es mejor marcador de filtrado glomerular (FG.

  3. O uso de marcadores para identificação de posicionamento dentário em telerradiografias frontais póstero-anteriores: proposta de um método The use of markers as dental landmark in Frontal Cephalometric Radiography: method proposal

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    Júlio de Araújo Gurgel

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar a confiabilidade na identificação de marcadores observados em radiografias PA. METODOLOGIA: em 3 crânios humanos secos procedeu-se à instalação de aparelhos expansores do tipo Hyrax, nos quais adaptaram-se marcadores nos acessórios ortodônticos. RESULTADOS: a comparação estatística dos 27 cefalogramas confeccionados revelou para as medidas angulares valores dos erros com pequenas variações, entretanto os menores erros foram encontrados para as medidas lineares entre os marcadores. Deste modo, conclui-se que a pouca variabilidade na identificação dos marcadores demonstrou sua confiabilidade para o uso em estudo com telerradiografias PA.Os erros para as medias angulares atribui-se às dificuldades na determinação de estruturas anatômicas. CONCLUSÃO: os marcadores avaliados neste estudo parecem prestarem-se como estruturas confiáveis em telerradiografias PA utilizadas em pesquisas longitudinais.AIM: to evaluate the reliability in the identification of the markers observed in frontal Cephalometric x-rays. METHODS: in 3 dry humans skull were adapted expansor appliances, in which markers were attached at orthodontics brackets and tubes. RESULTS: the statistical comparison of the 27 postero-anterior cephalograms revealed that the angular measures showed small variations; however the smallest error were for the lineal measures among the markers. CONCLUSION: the markers demonstrated its reliability for the use in longitudinal researches with frontal cephalometric x-rays.

  4. Genetic analysis of somaclonal variants and induced mutants of potato ( solanum tuberosum l.) cv. diamant using RAPD markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Afrasiab, H.; Iqbal, J.

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this work was to genetically analyze somaclonal variants and gamma induced mutants of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Diamant using RAPD-PCR technique. In the present work, callus was induced from nodes, inter nodes and leaf explants in MS medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 mg/l) and plants were regenerated from 14-20 weeks old calli. For gamma irradiation, ten-week old well proliferating calli were exposed to doses ranging from 5-50 Gy. All the four selected somaclonal variants and five gamma induced mutants were differentiated by banding patterns obtained from 22 primers that generated 140 polymorphic bands. The presence of polymorphic bands in variants and mutants suggest that genetic variation occurred in all the treatments as compared to control. Similarity and clustered analysis were conducted using Jaccard's coefficients and the un-weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages. The results summarized in a dendrogram, show genetic diversity among the variants and mutants. The study shows that RAPD markers were efficient in discriminating somaclonal variants and induced mutants of potato. (author)

  5. Candidíase oral como marcador de prognóstico em pacientes portadores do HIV

    OpenAIRE

    Cavassani Valdinês Gonçalves dos Santos; Andrade Sobrinho Jozias de; Homem Maria da Graça Naclério; Rapoport Abrão

    2002-01-01

    Introdução: A candidíase oral é uma das doenças oportunistas mais fortemente associadas à infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Vários relatos epidemiológicos enfatizam a prevalência da candidíase em pacientes HIV positivos e ressaltam a sua importância como marcador da progressão da doença e preditivo para o aumento da imunodepressão. Objetivo: Verificar as alterações estomatológicas em pacientes portadores do HIV tratados no Hospital Heliópolis - São Paulo, Brasil e comparar...

  6. Identificação e validação de marcadores microssatélites ligados ao gene Rpp5 de resistência à ferrugem-asiática-da-soja Identification and validation of microsatellite markers linked to the Rpp5 gene conferring resistance to Asian soybean rust

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thaiza Galhardo Silva Morceli

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar novos marcadores microssatélites, ligados ao gene Rpp5 de resistência à ferrugem-da-soja, e validar os marcadores previamente mapeados, para que possam ser utilizados em programas de seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares (SAM. Para tanto, uma população F2 com 100 indivíduos, derivada do cruzamento entre a PI 200526 e a cultivar Coodetec 208, suscetível à ferrugem, foi artificialmente infectada e avaliada quanto à sua reação de resistência à ferrugem. Marcadores microssatélites foram testados nos genitores e em dois "bulks" contrastantes, para a identificação de marcadores ligados. Dois novos marcadores, potencialmente associados à resistência, foram testados em plantas individuais, e se constatou que eles estão ligados ao gene Rpp5 e estão presentes no grupo de ligação N da soja. A eficiência de seleção foi determinada em relação a todos os marcadores ligados ao gene Rpp5, e a combinação entre os marcadores Sat_275+Sat_280 foi de 100%.The main objective of this work was to identify new microsatellite markers, linked to the Rpp5 resistance gene to Asian soybean rust, and to validate previously mapped markers for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS programs. To this end, a F2 population with 100 individuals, derived from crossing between PI 200526 and cultivar Coodetec 208, susceptible to rust, was artificially infected and evaluated for its reaction of resistance to rust. Microsatellite markers were tested on parents and in the two contrasting bulks to identifying linked markers. Two new markers, potentially associated with resistance, were tested in individual plants, and they were found to be linked to gene Rpp5 and to be present in the N linkage group of soybean. The selection efficiencies were determined for all markers linked to gene Rpp5, and the combination of the markers Sat_275+Sat_280 was 100%.

  7. Serum oxidative stress is increased in patients with post cholecystectomy bile duct injury Aumento del estrés oxidativo en el suero de pacientes con lesiones de vías biliares postcolecistectomía

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    A. G. Miranda-Díaz

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Background: post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries are identified by the onset of jaundice as well as elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels during the peri-operative period. It is unknown how serum oxidative stress markers are modified in patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries. Objective: to determine serum oxidative stress marker levels (lipid peroxidation by-products, nitrites/nitrates and total antioxidant capacity in patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries. Patients and methods: a prospective, transversal and analytical study was designed with two groups. Group 1: 5 healthy volunteer subjects. Group 2: 52 patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries (43 female and 9 male. An elective bilio-digestive reconstruction was performed at week 8. The serum oxidative stress marker levels were quantified by colorimetric method. Results: patients with bile duct injuries had a significant increased serum lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-alkenals and nitric oxide metabolites (nitrites/nitrates levels compared to the control group. In contrast, total antioxidant capacity in patients with bile duct injuries remained similar compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: the results show that oxidative stress is usually associated to bile duct injury.Introducción: las lesiones de las vías biliares postcolecistectomía se establecen por la aparición de ictericia, elevación de las bilirrubinas y de la fosfatasa alcalina durante el periodo perioperatorio. Se desconoce cómo se modifican los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en el suero de los pacientes con lesiones de las vías biliares postcolecistectomía. Objetivo: determinar los marcadores de estrés oxidativo (productos de peroxidación de lípidos, catabolitos del óxido nítrico y capacidad antioxidante total en el suero de pacientes con lesiones de las vías biliares. Pacientes y métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo transversal

  8. Aplicação de genes marcadores em estudos de ecologia microbiana com ênfase no sistema GUS Applications of markers genes on ecologic microbial studies with enphasis on GUS system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Martins Mercante

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Muitos aspectos ecológicos envolvidos nas interações entre espécies leguminosas e estirpes de rizóbio têm sido facilmente entendidos com o emprego de técnicas que utilizam genes marcadores. A introdução de um gene marcador específico tem se mostrado altamente viável para análises dessas interações. Os genes marcadores são capazes de codificar para produtos que podem ser facilmente identificados ou medidos, especialmente, enzimas que podem atuar em diferentes substratos, fornecendo produtos coloridos ou fluorescentes facilmente detectáveis. De uma maneira geral, os genes marcadores têm sido utilizados em diferentes aspectos da ecologia microbiana, como nos estudos de competição entre estirpes de rizóbio, expressão de genes simbióticos, colonização da rizosfera e raízes, entre outros. Em todos esses estudos, os genes repórteres precisam ser introduzidos no genoma alvo através de um plasmídeo ou por inserção cromossomal. Nesta revisão, são enfatizados, principalmente, os diversos usos e aplicações de genes marcadores nos estudos de ecologia microbiana, com ênfase no sistema GUS (b-glucuronidase.Many of the ecological aspects involved with the interactions between legume species and rhizobia strains have been made easily to understood with the use of reporter gene techniques. The introduction of a specific reporter gene in an organism has shown to be highly efficient to analyze such interactions. These reporter genes generally code for products that can be easily identified or measured, mainly enzymes that can act on a variety of substrates, supplying colored or fluorescent detectable products. In general, the marker genes have been used in different aspects of microbial ecology, as in the competition studies among rhizobia strains, symbiotic gene expression, rhizosphere and root colonization, among others. In all studies, the marker genes need to be introduced into the genome by a plasmid or through a chromosomal

  9. Uso de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca como marcador de los efectos cardiovasculares asociados con la contaminación del aire

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    Riojas-Rodríguez Horacio

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado la relación entre los contaminantes atmosféricos y el incremento en la mortalidad por causas cardiovasculares, en especial en personas con enfermedad cardiopulmonar previa. Sin embargo, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos mediante los cuales estos padecimientos ocurren no son bien conocidos. Se ha sugerido que una de las vías mediante las cuales las partículas suspendidas respirables y otros contaminantes producen su efecto es alterar la regulación del corazón por el sistema nervioso autónomo. El análisis de los cambios en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC es un indicador de efecto sobre este mecanismo. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de las bases fisiológicas de este método, de sus ventajas y limitaciones y de los resultados que se obtienen al relacionarlo con la exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos. A partir del análisis de la literatura disponible, se sugieren alternativas relacionadas con el diseño de los estudios, la selección de poblaciones en riesgo, los métodos para evaluar la exposición y los métodos de análisis estadístico que pueden servir para utilizar mejor el análisis del registro electrocardiográfico ambulatorio en relación con los riesgos cardiacos por exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos.

  10. Análisis de varios marcadores genéticos clásicos en la población de Costa Rica

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    Bernal Morera

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de varios loci de grupos sanguíneos (ABO, Diego, Duffy, Kell, Kidd, Lewis, Lutheran, MNSs, P, Rhesus y Secretor y de la proteína sérica haptoglobina en una muestra de 2 196 costarricenses no emparentados y de ambos sexos. Los datos fueron clasificados y analizados de acuerdo con la región geográfica de origen de los individuos. Se estimaron las frecuencias génicas y su bondad de ajuste al equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud. Se observó la existencia de una estructuración geográfica en la población de Costa Rica. Todas las regiones de Costa Rica presentan valores de heterocigosidad mucho mayores a los observados en los pueblos indígenas costarricenses, pero semejantes o ligeramente mayores a los encontrados en poblaciones de España. El análisis de distancias génicas evidenció que las regiones de Costa Rica se agrupan próximas entre sí, en posiciones intermedias entre las amerindias y las de España, hecho que es coherente con el planteamiento que atribuye un origen mestizo a la población general de Costa Rica. Además, los datos contradicen la idea de que la región Central tiene una población radicalmente diferente a las demás regiones del país. Estos marcadores revelan pobres valores de probabilidad de exclusión forense y de paternidad, lo que confirma la importancia de su reemplazo por marcadores de ADN en los esquemas de identificación humana de los sistemas de investigación judicial. Tales resultados son similares a los encontrados en otras poblaciones latinoamericanasA study of several loci blood groups (ABO, Diego, Duffy, Kell, Kidd, Lewis, Lutheran, MNSs, P, Rhesus and Secretor, and Hp serum protein was carried out on a sample of 2 196 unrelated Costa Rican individuals of both sexes. Data was classified and analyzed according to geographic regions. Gene frequencies and the goodness of fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were estimated by the maximum

  11. Analysis of genetic diversity and genome relationships of four eggplant species (Solanum melongena L) using RAPD markers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Susilo; Setyaningsih, M.

    2018-01-01

    Solanum melongena (eggplant) is one of the diversity of the Solanum family which is grown and widely spread in Indonesia and widely used by the community. This research explored the genetic diversity of four local Indonesian eggplant species namely leuca, tekokak, gelatik and kopek by using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). The samples were obtained from Agricultural Technology Assessment Institute (BPTP) Bogor, Indonesia. The result of data observation was in the form of Solanum melongena plant’s DNA profile analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. 30 DNA bands (28 polymorphic and 2 monomorphic) were successfully scored by using four primers (OPF-01, OPF-02, OPF-03, and OPF-04). The Primers were used able to amplify all of the four eggplant samples. The result of PCR-RAPD visualization produces bands of 300-1500 bp. The result of cluster analysis showed the existence of three clusters (A, B, and C). Cluster A (coefficient of equal to 49%) consisted of a gelatik, cluster B (coefficient of 65% equilibrium) consisted of TPU (Kopek) and TK (Tekokak), and cluster C (55% equilibrium coefficient) consisted of LC (Leunca). These results indicated that the closest proximity is found in samples of TK (Tekokak) and TPU (Kopek).

  12. Caipira sweet orange + Rangpur lime: a somatic hybrid with potential for use as rootstock in the Brazilian citrus industry

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    Fernanda Januzzi Mendes-da-Glória

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants between Caipira sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck and Rangpur lime (C. limonia L. Osbeck. The plants were confirmed as somatic hybrids by leaf morphology, chromosome number and RAPD profile. All regenerated plants were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36, with intermediate leaf morphology and complementary RAPD banding profile of both parents. This combination may be useful as a rootstock for the citrus industry in Southeastern Brazil since this somatic hybrid could combine the drought tolerance and vigor of Rangpur lime with the blight tolerance of Caipira sweet orange.Híbridos somáticos de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck e limão Cravo (C. limonia L. Osbeck foram regenerados após a fusão (polietileno glicol e cultura de protoplastos. Os híbridos somáticos foram confirmados pela análise da morfologia das folhas, determinação do número de cromossomos e marcadores moleculares (RAPD. Todas as plantas analisadas revelaram-se tetraplóides (2n = 4x = 36, possuíam folhas de morfologia intermediária e uma combinação do padrão de bandas de RAPD de ambos os parentais. Esta combinação pode se tornar útil como porta-enxerto para a Região Sudeste da indústria citrícola brasileira. Este híbrido somático potencialmente combinará as características de tolerância à seca e o vigor do limão Cravo com a tolerância ao declínio da laranja Caipira.

  13. Identificação de marcas moleculares associadas à ausência de sementes em videira Identification of molecular markers associated to the absence of seeds in grapevine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available A ausência de sementes tem sido uma característica bastante exigida pelos consumidores de uvas de mesa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcas moleculares associadas à ausência de sementes, utilizando as técnicas RAPD e fAFLP. Foram utilizadas folhas jovens de 19 cultivares. Na análise RAPD 30, iniciadores possibilitaram amplificação de todas as amostras, produzindo 392 bandas polimórficas. Foi possível encontrar uma marca específica para a ausência de sementes, utilizando o iniciador UBC 443, que poderá futuramente ser utilizado para o desenvolvimento de marcadores SCAR, possibilitando a criação de um teste de identificação rápida e precoce de apirenia em videira. A análise fAFLP proporcionou a visualização de um dendrograma com grupos específicos de cultivares com sementes, sem sementes e porta enxertos.Seedless has been an important characteristic of table grapes required by consumers. The objective was to identify molecular markers associated to seedless, by RAPD and fAFLP techniques with young leaves samples of 19 cultivars. Thirty primers were used for RAPD analysis, producing a total of 337 polymorphic bands. It was also to find a specific mark for seedless, using UBC 443 primer. This mark would be transformed in a scar marker, making possible the early identification of seedless grape possible. The fAFLP analysis provided a visualization of a dendrogram with specific groups, separated in three different cultivars: with seeds, without seeds and the rootstocks.

  14. Metabolismo mineral óseo en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica: Revisión sobre su fisiopatología y morbimortalidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeanette Bernuy

    Full Text Available La enfermedad mineral ósea (EMO es un término amplio que incluye a las alteraciones séricas del calcio, fósforo, vitamina D, paratohormona, anormalidades en el crecimiento, mineralización ósea y/o a las calcificaciones extraesqueléticas que acompañan al paciente con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC. Está presente en casi la totalidad de pacientes en diálisis y con el trasplante renal puede no siempre mejorar. Se han identificado nuevos factores y hormonas; como klotho y factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos-23 (FGF-23 que interactúan con la vitamina D y con la paratohormona en el manejo renal del calcio y fósforo. Ciertos reportes indican que son marcadores precoces del desarrollo de EMO, incluso cuando la función renal está levemente disminuida y los niveles de paratohormona son normales. La EMO ha sido asociada con mayor mortalidad, principalmente por su vinculación con la calcificación vascular. Este proceso conlleva a un incremento de eventos cardiovasculares que constituyen la principal causa de morbimortalidad en pacientes con ERC, sobre todo aquellos que se encuentran en diálisis, independientemente de la modalidad que los pacientes sigan. La forma de presentación de la EMO puede ser de alto o bajo recambio. Aunque no está completamente definido qué es lo que determina que se exprese una en particular, se ha encontrado que la enfermedad de bajo recambio se relaciona con malnutrición, uso inadecuado de calcitriol y diálisis ineficiente. El conocimiento de la EMO es relevante por su asociación con las complicaciones mencionadas y porque constituye un parámetro para evaluar la terapia instalada

  15. Marcadores morfológicos y métricos del sexo en un conjunto osteológico del formativo de Tilcara (Sitio SJ Til. 20

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barboza, María Carolina

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos al aplicar un conjunto de técnicas basadas en el uso de marcadores biológicos (morfológicos y métricos del sexo en los individuos adultos de una colección osteológica correspondiente al Período Formativo (AMS Calibrado de 2 Sigma, Prob. 95%, Cal AD 545 a 660; Cal BP 1405 -1290 de la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Mendonça et al., 2002. Los restos óseos fueron recuperados en el transcurso de excavaciones sistemáticas en el así denominado "Sitio Mulqui" (SJ Til. 20, de la ciudad de Tilcara (Pcia. de Jujuy y constituyen una colección de 16 individuos, única de estas características para el período considerado (Bordach et al., 1999. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar el comportamiento del patrón general de variabilidad sexual en los individuos adultos del Sitio Mulqui. Para ello se realizó un estudio comparativo en el que se confronta la información proporcionada por los distintos marcadores óseos para determinación sexual. Nuestros resultados permiten comprobar la existencia de concordancias y discordancias en las asignaciones sexuales de índole osteológica, según el complejo o estructura anatómica considerada, las cuales son discutidas e interpretadas a la luz de la información tanto biológica como cultural disponible. Se presentan los marcadores osteológicos considerados más efectivos para esta muestra en particular.

  16. Identification and tracing of Enterococcus spp. by RAPD-PCR in traditional fermented sausages and meat environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martín, B; Corominas, L; Garriga, M; Aymerich, T

    2009-01-01

    Four local small-scale factories were studied to determine the sources of enterococci in traditional fermented sausages. Different points during the production of a traditional fermented sausage type (fuet) were evaluated. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was used to type 596 Enterococcus isolates from the final products, the initial meat batter, the casing, the workers' hands and the equipment. Species-specific PCR-multiplex and the partial sequencing of atpA gene and 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed the identification of the isolates: Enterococcus faecalis (31.4%), Enterococcus faecium (30.7%), Enterococcus sanguinicola (14.9%), Enterococcus devriesei (9.7%), Enterococcus malodoratus (7.2%), Enterococcus gilvus (1.0%), Enterococcus gallinarum (1.3%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (3.4%), Enterococcus hermanniensis (0.2%), and Enterococcus durans (0.2%). A total of 92 different RAPD-PCR profiles were distributed among the different factories and samples evaluated. Most of the genotypes found in fuet samples were traced back to their source. The major sources of enterococci in the traditional fermented sausages studied were mainly the equipment followed by the raw ingredients, although a low proportion was traced back to human origin. This work contributes to determine the source of enterococcal contamination in fermented sausages and also to the knowledge of the meat environment.

  17. RAPD markers on genetic diversity in three populations of pisifera type of oil palm (elaeis guineensis)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Basyuni, M.; Prayogi, H.; Putri, L. A. P.; Syahputra, I.; Siregar, E. S.; Risnasari, I.; Wati, R.; Arifiyanto, D.

    2018-03-01

    Palm oil (E. guineensis) is one of the major commodity and contributing largely to non-petroleum oil of Indonesian foreign exchange. E. guineensis has three fruit types, dura (female), pisifera (male), and tenera —a hybrid between dura and pisifera. Pisifera plays an important function in the production of seed oil palm. The purpose of this research is to analyze genetic diversity of pisifera type of E. guineensis from three populations, Yangambi, Lame and Lame further cross in Bangun Bandar, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Eighteen samples for each population were analyzed using six RAPD markers. Results showed that RAPD markers were low polymorphic with 1.49, 1.39, and 1.00 average number alleles detected for Yagambi, Lame, and Lame further cross, respectively. The level of genetic diversity detected for each population was 0.28, 0.22, and 0.21 for Yagambi, Lame, and Lame further cross, respectively, indicating that the populations had little genetic variation. The highest of polymorphic information content (PIC) was found on the P11 primer of Yangambi (0.49) and P10 primer for lame further cross (0.49). By contrast, the lowest PIC belongs to P21 for Lame population (0.01). This data is likely to contributing oil palm breeding.

  18. Utilidad de una prueba cualitativa para la detección de fibronectina fetal en secreción cervicovaginal como predictor de parto prematuro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.R. López-Ocaña

    2015-12-01

    Existen diversos marcadores para la predicción del parto prematuro, a fin de superar las debilidades del examen obstétrico y permitir así un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. Entre estos marcadores se encuentra la determinación de fibronectina fetal en secreciones vaginales, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la utilidad de la fibronectina fetal como un predictor de parto prematuro en embarazadas, así como establecer la sensibilidad, especificidad y los valores predictivos de la prueba, con el propósito de valorar su uso en embarazadas con factores de riesgo en las unidades de primer nivel de atención.

  19. Establishing a diagnostic system for detecting Ralstonia solanacearum and genetic differentiation using RAPD molecular markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edisson Chavarro Mesa

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available A polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic test (PCR has been developed for amplifying a región and obtaining a 292 bp product by using specific 16S rDNA primers for the rapid and precise identification of the causative agent (Ralstonia solanacearum of bacterial withering of potato in asymptomatic tubers. The bacteria was isolated from potato tubers and banana fruit using culturing techniques and immunological and molecular ELISA-NCM and PCR tests, respectively. PCR detected the presence of R. solanacearum on asymptomatic tubers by contrast with ELISA-NCM which did not detect this pathogen. Analysing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD led to differentiating and grouping R. solanacearum by geographical región and bacterial strain, suggesting that differences exist amongst existing collections according to their place of origin, presenting high genetic variability. The results showed that PCR is a sensitive and specific test for detecting R. solanacearum and can therefore be implemented as a method for controlling this pathogen in seed production and certification programmes in áreas free of the disease. The pathogen has been shown to be genetically heterogeneous according to the samples' geographical área thereby hampering control in áreas of Colombia experiencing phytosanitary problems with R. solanacearum in potato crops Key words: bacterial withered, moko, PCR-16S rADN, ELISA-NCM, PCR-RAPD.

  20. Taxonomic relationships of some species of orobanche l. evidence from rapd-pcr and issr markers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sharawy, S.; Karakish, E.

    2015-01-01

    The taxonomic relationships among 25 samples representing nine species of Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) were determined by the analysis of morphological characters and molecular polymorphism using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR). In order to construct dendrogram elucidating the relationships among the examined taxa, the coded data were analyzed using the software package NTSYS-pc 2.1 based on the Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree building method based on a distance matrix. The aim of this study is to develop taxonomic relationship based on morphological and molecular data, in order to obtain a more reliable taxonomic relationship of Orobanche species under study. The dendrogram produced by the analysis of the molecular data (RAPD and ISSR) resembled that constructed by NJ dendrogram for the morphological variation. The studied taxa were separated in two groups, the first comprised of the five species of section Trionychon (O. purpurea, O.lavandulacea, O. ramosa, O. mutelii and O. aegyptiaca) and the second comprised of the four species of section Orobanche (O.cernua, O. crenata, O. minor and O. pubescens). High similarity was detected between O. pubescens and O. minor. The results confirmed the close relationship between O. ramosa and O. mutelii. Moreover, this study demonstrated the grouping of the studied taxa in most cases by geographically isolated population. (author)

  1. ADN bacteriano en pacientes con cirrosis y ascitis estéril: Papel como marcador de translocación bacteriana y herramienta pronóstica Bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis ans sterile ascites: Its role as a marker of bacterial translocation and prognosis tool

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. M. González-Navajas

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Durante la última década hemos presenciado un aumento de la cantidad de datos relativos a la presencia de translocación bacteriana en los modelos experimentales de cirrosis. Sin embargo, los estudios clínicos se han visto limitados por la falta de métodos no invasivos para estudiar dicho fenómeno. En los últimos años, las investigaciones realizadas en nuestro laboratorio se han centrado en la detección del ADN bacteriano en el suero y el líquido ascítico de los pacientes con cirrosis y ascitis estéril, y en las implicaciones clínicas que ello conlleva. Al principio, gracias a un método basado en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR y el secuenciamiento automatizado de nucleótidos, pudimos detectar e identificar la presencia de fragmentos de ADN bacteriano en dichos pacientes con ascitis no neutrocítica y con cultivo negativo. Desde entonces hemos acumulado una serie de datos que indican que la presencia de ADN bacteriano podría desempeñar un papel importante no sólo como marcador de translocación bacteriana, sino también como factor pronóstico a corto plazo. Expondremos aquí el pasado, el presente y el futuro de esta línea de investigación.During the last decade, we have witnessed an increase in the amount of data related with the presence of bacterial translocation in experimental models of cirrhosis. However, clinical studies have been limited by the lack of non-invasive methods to study this phenomenon. Over the past years, the research developed in our laboratory has been focused on the detection of bacterial DNA in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis and sterile ascites, the clinical and immunological implications of such finding. Initially, by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR-based method and automated nucleotide sequencing, we were able to detect and identify the presence of fragments of bacterial DNA in the mentioned patients with culture-negative, non-neutrocytic ascites. Since

  2. RAPD analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana transferred with total DNA of cabbage by ion beam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bian Po; Yu Zengliang; Qin Guangyong; Huo Yuping; Wang Yan

    2003-01-01

    Two mutants were found among the Arabidopsis thaliana transferred with total DNA of cabbage. Variation of genome of T6 and its offspring were analyzed by RAPD-PCR with 40 random primers. The result from S168 primer was different from the CK, indicating that variation of genome can be made by total DNA transferring by use of ion beam, and this variation is hereditary. It is found that S 168-1850 is included within the gene of ABC transporter by aligning with genome of Arabidopsis thaliana in TAIT

  3. Estructura genética de un grupo de capibaras, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Rodentia: Hydrocheridae en los Llanos orientales colombianos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Maldonado-Chaparro

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Los capibaras son los roedores más grandes del mundo, sin embargo, no se han realizado estudios genético poblacionales exhaustivos con ellos. En el presente trabajo se analizó la estructura genética de una manada de 31 capibaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris muestreada en Hato Corozal, Departamento de Casanare en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia, mediante cinco marcadores microsatelitales. La diversidad genética se determinó en 0.61 y un número promedio de alelos de 5.2, lo cual se puede considerar medio-bajo para este tipo de marcadores. De los cinco marcadores empleados, tres mostraron proporciones genotípicas en concordancia con lo esperado en equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, mientras que un marcador mostró un exceso significativo de homocigotos y otro un exceso significativo de heterocigotos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas para esos cinco marcadores entre machos y hembras de la manada muestreada. La aplicación de diferentes procedimientos para detectar posibles cambios demográficos históricos (expansiones poblacionales o cuellos de botella mostró claramente que la población analizada ha pasado por un cuello de botella extremadamente fuerte en épocas recientes. La limitada variabilidad genética encontrada y la fuerte evidencia de que la manada estudiada ha pasado por un cuello de botella reciente es probablemente el resultado de la cacería ilegal.

  4. [Genetic analysis and estimation of genetic diversity in east-European breeds of swift hounds (Canis familiaris L.) based on the data of genomic studies using RAPD markers].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Semenova, S K; Illarionova, N A; Vasil'ev, V A; Shubkina, A V; Ryskov, A P

    2002-06-01

    The method of polymerase chain reaction with a set of arbitrary primers (RAPD-PCR) was used to describe genetic variation and to estimate genetic diversity in East-European swift hounds, Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois. For comparison, swift hounds of two West-European breeds (Whippet and Greyhound) and single dogs of other breed groups (shepherd, terriers, mastiffs, and bird dogs) were examined. For all dog groups, their closest related species, the wolf Canis lupus, was used as an outgroup. Variation of RAPD markers was studied at several hierarchic levels: intra- and interfamily (for individual families of Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois), intra- and interbreed (for ten dog breeds), and interspecific (C. familiaris-C. lupus). In total, 57 dogs and 4 wolfs were studied. Using RAPD-PCR with three primers, 93 DNA fragments with a length of 150-1500 bp were detected in several Borzoi families with known filiation. These fragments were found to be inherited as dominant markers and to be applicable for estimation of genetic differences between parents and their offspring and for comparison of individuals and families with different level of inbreeding. A high level of intra- and interbreed variation was found in Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois. In these dog groups, genetic similarity indices varied in a range of 72.2 to 93.4% (parents-offspring) and 68.0 to 94.5 (sibs). Based on the patterns of RAPD markers obtained using six primers, a dendrogram of genetic similarity between the wolf and different dog breeds was constructed, and indices of intragroup diversity were calculated. All studied breeds were found to fall into two clusters, swift hounds (Borzoi-like dogs) and other dogs. Russian Borzois represent a very heterogeneous group, in which the Russian Psovyi Borzoi is closer to Greyhound than the Russian Hortyi Borzoi. All studied wolfs constituted a separate cluster. Significant differences were found between the wolf and dogs by the number of RAPD markers

  5. Similaridade genética de populações naturais de pimenta-de-macaco por análise RAPD Genetic similarity of natural populations of pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum L. obtained throug RAPD analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Maria D. Gaia

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available A espécie conhecida como pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum L. possui grande potencial para exploração econômica em função da comprovada utilidade do seu óleo essencial na agricultura e saúde humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade genética de populações naturais dessa planta. Um total de dezoito acessos da planta, provenientes de quatro procedências da Amazônia Brasileira, foi examinado por meio de locos de DNA, gerados por análise RAPD (polimorfismo de DNA amplificado ao acaso. O estudo evidenciou a existência de real diversidade entre as populações examinadas, sendo provável que dentro das localidades investigadas, os padrões da diversidade genética acompanhem os padrões de distribuição geográfica.The species known as pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum L. has great economic explotation potential based on the proved usefulness of the essential oil in agriculture and human health. The genetic diversity of their natural populations was characterized. A total of eighteen accessions of the plant, obtained from four different origins in the Brazilian Amazon, was examined by means of DNA loci, generated by RAPD analysis. Real genetic diversity was observed between the analyzed populations and it appear that the patterns of the genetic diversity follow the patterns of the geographical distribution.

  6. Morphological and molecular differentiation of the pectinase producing fungi Penicillium expansum and Penicillium griseoroseum Diferenciação morfológica e molecular de fungos produtores de pectinases Penicillium expansum e Penicillium griseoroseum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Gomes Cardoso

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Two species from the genus Penicillium, Penicillium expansum and P. griseoroseum (Brasilian isolates were characterized morphologic and molecularlly. Morphological variability was detected among isolates in regard to colony morphology and to conidia coloration. The molecular characterization was based on the RAPD markers, telomeric fingerprinting and ITS sequencing. A total of 78 RAPD primers were used and 8 presented differences in band patterns with 54% of the amplified polymorphic fragments. The monomorphic fragments of 600 bp (P. expansum and 594 bp (P. griseoroseum were amplified. The only internal transcribed spacer region variation detected between the two species was the additional six initial nucleotides. The analysis by telomeric fingerprinting showed polymorphism between both species and the chromosome minimal numbers estimated were three. The polymorphism observed in the organization of the subtelomeric region in the genome of two Penicillium species within the high homogeneous Penicillium subgenus is for the first time reported and perhaps can be employed in future phylogenetic studies.Penicillium expansum e P. griseoroseum foram caracterizados morfológica e molecularmente. Variações na morfologia das colônias e coloração dos conídeos foram observadas entre os isolados. A caracterização molecular foi baseada em marcadores RAPD, sequenciamento da região do espaçador interno transcrito do DNA ribossomal e "fingerprinting" telomérico. Foi usado um total de 78 primers RAPD, sendo que 8 apresentaram 54% de fragmentos de DNA polimórficos. Os produtos da amplificação da região ITS de P. expansum e P. griseoroseum foram de 600 e 594 pb, respectivamente. Não foi detectada nenhuma variação na seqüência de nucleotídeos dessa região, comparando-se P. expansum e P. griseoroseum, exceto em relação aos seis nucleotídeos iniciais adicionais. Observou-se a ocorrência de polimorfismo na organização da região subtelom

  7. Método práctico para determinar protoporfirina libre eritrocitaria como marcador biológico ante la exposición a plomo inorgánico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria Marilé Ávalos Ávalos

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: para la evaluación de la exposición ocupacional a plomo inorgánico se utilizan diversos biomarcadores de exposición, entre ellos la determinación de plomo en sangre y la de protoporfirina libre eritrocitaria. Objetivo: determinar la fiabilidad práctica y comparativa de un método espectrofotométrico sencillo para determinar protoporfirina libre en eritrocitos como marcador biológico de la exposición a plomo inorgánico. Métodos: se estudiaron a 40 trabajadores expuestos a plomo con diferentes niveles, a cada uno de ellos se les tomó una muestra de sangre para determinar protoporfirina libre eritrocitaria y plomo, y una muestra de orina para determinar ácido aminolevulínico. Se seleccionó un grupo control de 20 trabajadores no expuestos, donde se correlacionaron las concentraciones halladas de protoporfirina libre eritrocitaria y de ácido aminolevulínico con las de plomo en sangre. Resultados: la correlación entre las concentraciones de protoporfirina libre eritrocitaria y las de plomo en sangre fue mayor y más significativa estadísticamente en los trabajadores expuestos, que la encontrada entre el ácido aminolevulínico y el plomo en sangre de los no expuestos. La técnica propuesta de determinación de protoporfirina libre eritrocitaria, además de resultar exacta, precisa y sensible, es sencilla de realizar en, prácticamente cualquier laboratorio químico con un mínimo de recursos. Conclusiones: la técnica propuesta es confiable y puede ser utilizada en una primera opción en el control higiénico-sanitario de la exposición ocupacional a plomo inorgánico, acudiéndose solamente, de ser imprescindible, a la determinación de plomo en sangre cuando las concentraciones de protoporfirina libre eritrocitaria resulten significativamente altas.

  8. A tradução de marcadores culturais em Sargento Getúlio à luz da lingüística de corpus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisangela Fernandes Martins

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a tradução de marcadores culturais em Sergeant Getulio em relação ao seu original Sargento Getúlio, ambos do escritor e autotradutor João Ubaldo Ribeiro. A fundamentação teórica apóia-se nos Estudos da Tradução baseados em corpus de Baker e de Camargo, na Lingüística de Corpus de Berber Sardinha, nos trabalhos sobre domínios culturais de Nida e de Aubert, e na proposta das modalidades tradutórias reformuladas por Aubert. Quantos aos procedimentos metodológicos, usamos as ferramentas de busca disponibilizadas pelo programa WordSmith Tools, versão 4.0. Os resultados obtidos revelam que João Ubaldo Ribeiro busca uma maior aproximação entre o leitor de língua inglesa e a mensagem do original por meio do uso de recursos da modulação, da explicitação e da adaptação ao traduzir, para o inglês, marcadores culturais específicos da realidade brasileira.

  9. Estudo citofotométrico da expressão dos marcadores tumorais Ki-67 e CD34 no adenocarcinoma de próstata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Faria Barbosa

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Quantificar a porcentagem da imunomarcação no índice de marcagem e densidade óptica do Ki-67 e CD34 no adenocarcinoma de próstata e compará-las entre si. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, através de imunoistoquímica, o Ki-67 e o CD34 em 34 casos de adenocarcinoma de próstata provenientes de prostatectomia radical no período de 2000 a 2005 realizado no Hospital Regional do Gama em Brasília. Estes marcadores foram quantificados através do software SAMBA 4000 ® Sistema de Análise Microscópica de Busca Automática e do software IMMUNO® para análise das variáveis índice de marcagem e densidade óptica. Para avaliação da associação entre as expressões do marcador, foi estimado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Para a comparação do tipo de lesão, foi usado o teste t de Student em amostras pareadas e não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Dos 34 blocos que foram para leitura dos marcadores tumorais, 15 marcaram expressão com Ki-67, 34 com CD34 e 14 com ambos os marcadores. O índice de marcagem do CD34 teve valor mediano de 72,72%, valor mínimo 5,14% e valor máximo 88,81%. O índice de marcagem do Ki-67 teve mediana de 73,78%, mínimo de 16,87% e máximo de 87,47%. A densidade óptica do CD34 teve mediana de 48,33, mínimo de 35,65 e máximo de 85,86. Na densidade óptica do Ki-67 o valor da mediana foi 40,03 sendo a mínima de 21,53 e a máxima de 52,43. CONCLUSÃO: A expressão citofotométrica do Ki-67 teve índice médio de marcação de 64,04% e o CD34 de 61,64%. A expressão citofotométrica da densidade óptica média do Ki-67 foi de 39,49 e no CD34 de 53,69. Há diferença significativa entre a imunomarcação do Ki-67 e CD34 em relação à densidade óptica (p=0,025, não havendo diferença significativa no índice de marcagem (p=0,470.

  10. Índice de adiposidad corporal como predictor de obesidad y de síndrome metabólico en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    González-Ruíz, Katherine; Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique

    2015-01-01

    Recientemente, Bergman et al. desarrollaron el índice de adiposidad corporal (IAC), como un marcador de obesidad por exceso de grasa corporal en la práctica clínica. En este estudio se evaluó la validez del IAC como marcador de obesidad por exceso de adiposidad, además de examinar la capacidad predictiva del IAC con componentes e índices metabólicos asociados al SM en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia.

  11. Expressão imuno-histoquímica dos marcadores pcna, KI67 e p53 em carcinomas epidermóides do trato aerodigestivo superior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Paulo Esposito

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Os carcinomas epidermóides do trato aerodigestivo superior são tumores de comportamento biológico heterogêneo. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se a expressão imuno-histoquímica dos marcadores Ki67, PCNA e P53 apresenta correlações com parâmetros prognósticos clínico-patológicos. MÉTODOS: Determinação da expressão imuno-histoquímica dos antígenos Ki67, PCNA e P53 em espécimes tumorais fixados e embebidos em parafina de 53 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide em diferentes sítios primários do trato aerodigestivo superior. RESULTADOS: Os marcadores tiveram altos índices de expressão imuno-histoquímica, sendo 46,5% para o Ki67, 66,5% para o PCNA e 36,5% para o P53. Não houve correlação da expressão do Ki67 e do PCNA com o estadiamento TNM (AJCC, nem com o grau de malignidade. A expressão do Ki67 apresentou correlação positiva com a expressão do PCNA (p = 0,037. O mesmo aconteceu para o PCNA e o número de mitoses por campo (p = 0,001. CONCLUSÕES: De acordo com estes resultados, concluiu-se que a determinação da imunorreatividade dos marcadores Ki67 e PCNA é um método objetivo e quantificável para avaliar proliferação celular que pode subsidiar as informações prognósticas.

  12. DNA polymorphisms revealed by the RAPD technique show differences between radionuclide-contaminated and uncontaminated mosquitofish populations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Theodorakis, C.W.; Shugart, L.R.

    1993-01-01

    In 1977, approximately 250 Mosquitofish (Gambusia affines) were transplanted from a relatively uncontaminated site into a small pond on the Oak Ridge Reservation that is heavily contaminated with radionuclides. DNA polymorphisms, using the RAPD technique, were examined in order to determine if any genetic differentiation had occurred between the two populations. Also, fish from another radionuclide-contaminated population (White Oak Lake) and two unrelated non-contaminated populations were also examined. The RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique uses the polymerase chain reaction with a short oligonucleotide primer to produce DNA fragments of various lengths. When analyzed by gel electrophoresis, these fragments form banding patterns similar to DNA fingerprints. A total of 26 primers were used to produce DNA band patterns, many of which revealed population differences. In addition several primers revealed banding patterns which differentiated between the Crystal Springs and Pond 3513 populations. Furthermore, bands found at high frequency in Pond 3513 and White Oak Lake populations were absent or present at a lower frequency in the non-contaminated populations. For some primers, the contaminated populations showed more DNA bands per individual, and fish with more bands had fewer DNA strand breaks than the fish with fewer bands. These data will be discussed with relation to biomonitoring programs and evolution of resistance to genotoxins in natural populations

  13. Manifestaciones digestivas en pacientes con fibrosis quística

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    Eloísa Martí Castelló

    1996-08-01

    Full Text Available La mayoría de los pacientes con fibrosis quística presentan una insuficiencia exocrina de la función pancreática que entraña trastornos digestivos complejos. Se estudian 8 pacientes entre 1 y 12 años con el diagnóstico de fibrosis quística. Se les realizó enzimas pancreáticas en suero, electroforesis de proteínas y marcadores virales de la hepatitis B y C. También se les efectuó ultrasonido abdominal, gammagrafía esofágica, hepática y biliar. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron la esteatorrea, cólicos abdominales y hepatomegalia. Se encontró la lipasa aumentada en suero en 2 pacientes con suficiencia pancreática y las transaminasas normales en todos ellos. Las manifestaciones hepáticas estuvieron presentes en 3 pacientes y el reflujo gastroesofágico y el prolapso rectal en 2, respectivamente. Se observó que el control terapéutico de estas manifestaciones reportan un buen estado nutricional y mejor calidad de vida.Most of the patients suffering from cystic fibrosis present an exocrine insufficiency of the pancreatic function leading to complex digestive disorders. 8 patients between 1 and 12 years old with the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis are studied. Pancreatic enzymes in serum, protein electrophoresis, and viral markers of hepatitis B and C were carried out. Abdominal ultrasound, esophageal, hepatic and biliary gammagraphy were also performed. The most frequent clinical manifestations were steatorrhea, abdominal colics and hepatomegalia. Augmented lipase in serum was found in two patients with pancreatic sufficiency, whereas transaminases were normal in all of them. 3 patients showed clinical manifestations and 2 had gastroesophageal reflux and rectal prolapse, respectively. It was observed that with the therapeutic control of these manifestations a good nutrional status and a better quality of life are reported.

  14. RAPD-SCAR Markers for Genetically Improved NEW GIFT Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.) and Their Application in Strain Identification.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Si-Fa; Tang, Shou-Jie; Cai, Wan-Qi

    2010-04-01

    The NEW GIFT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.) is a nationally certificated new strain selected over 14 years and 9 generations from the base strain of GIFT Nile tilapia, introduced in 1994. This new variety has been extended in most of areas of China. The management of genetically improved strains, including the genetic markers for identification is needed urgently. RAPD analysis was conducted and their conversion to SCAR markers was developed. From NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, two strain-specific RAPD bands, S(304 )(624 bp ) and S(36 )(568 bp ) were identified. The strain-specific RAPD bands were gel-purified, cloned, and sequenced. Locus-specific primers were then designed to amplify the strain-specific bands. PCR amplification was conducted to test the variations in allele frequencies of two converted SCAR markers among the NEW GIFT Nile tilapia and its base strains, as well as 7 additional farmed strains worldwide. The frequency of SCAR marker I (553 bp) was 85.7% in NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, but 16.7% in the base strain. The frequency of SCAR marker II (558 bp) was 91.4% in NEW GIFT Nile tilapia, but 0% - 70% in the 7 other strains. In order to confirm the utility of these two markers, an examination was conducted for a wild population from Egypt, resulted the frequency of SCAR I and II was 10% and 70%, respectively, much lower than that of New GIFT strain. The increase in allele frequency of these two SCAR markers suggests that these markers might be genetically linked to the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlining the performance traits by long term selection, and indicate the bright potential of SCAR marker technology for tracking generations during selection progress and for distinguishing among genetically improved strain and other strains.

  15. Inheritance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) RAPD markers in a backcross progeny with Brassica campestris

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mikkelsen, T.R.; Jensen, J.; Bagger Jørgensen, Rikke

    1996-01-01

    Different cultivars/transgenic lines of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were crossed (as females) with different cultivars/populations of Brassica campestris. All cross combinations produced seed, with an average seed set per pollination of 9.8. Backcrossing of selected interspecific hybrids (as...... females) to B. campestris resulted in a much lower seed set, average 0.7 seed per pollination. In the single backcross progeny where a large enough population (92 plants) was obtained for analysis, 33 B. napus specific RAPD markers were investigated to determine the extent of transfer of oilseed rape...

  16. ESTUDIO DE MARCADORES BIOLOGICOS EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER

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    B. Calvo

    2006-02-01

    , siendo la causa mas frecuente de demencia en los paises occidentales. Su prevalencia va en aumento, debido al envejecimiento de la población. Por la edad de aparición la EA se puede clasificar en presenil ó de inicio temprano si aparece antes de los 60-65 años y senil o de inicio tardio si aparece después.En esta revisión se estudian los principales parámetros biológicos a utilizar en la enfermedad de Alzheimer e intentar diferenciarla de otras patologías degenerativas, ya que el diagnostico precoz de la EA es de gran importancia.El gen Apo E esta localizado en el cromosoma humano 19 y contiene 4 exones que codifica la apolipoproteina E de 299 aminoácidos. Las tres isoenzimas de la Apo E son la Apo E2, E3 y E4 y son productos de los tres alelos de cada locus génico. Tres fenotipos homozigoticos (apo E2/2, E3/3 y E4/4 y tres heterizigóticos (apo E3/2, E4/3 y E4/2 resultan de la expresión de cada uno de los tres alelos. La sustitución de los aminoácidos en los codones 112 y 158 conllevan a las diferencias entre apo E2, E3 y E4.Como la tau se trata de una proteína intracelular el nivel hallado en LCR es bajo. El desarrollo de una elevada afinidad por los anticuerpos monoclonales altamente específicos para la tau ha conducido al desarrollo de test para la detección de la tau en LCR y un número elevado de pacientes con Alhzeimer y controles han mostrado una elevada expresión de la tau en las células neuronales afectadas. Además los test basados en la determinación cuantitativa de la proteína tau en el LCR puede ser de gran ayuda en el diagnóstico de la EA.En la actualidad, el marcador en LCR que muestra mayor especificidad es fosfo-tau. No obstante la determinación conjunta de los tres marcadores tau, fosfo-tau y AB42 en LCR, aumenta la especificidad y sensibilidad respecto a su utilización individual.

  17. Comparison of multilocus sequence typing, RAPD, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for typing of β-lactam-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sachse, Svea; Bresan, Stephanie; Erhard, Marcel; Edel, Birgit; Pfister, Wolfgang; Saupe, Angela; Rödel, Jürgen

    2014-12-01

    Extended spectrum of β-lactam (ESBL) resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae has become an increasing problem in hospital infections. Typing of isolates is important to establish the intrahospital surveillance of resistant clones. In this study, the discriminatory potential of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses were compared with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) by using 17 β-lactam-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates of different genotypes. MLST alleles were distributed in 8 sequence types (STs). Among ESBL strains of the same ST, the presence of different β-lactamase genes was common. RAPD band patterns also revealed 8 types that corresponded to MLST-defined genotypes in 15 out of 17 cases. MALDI-TOF analysis could differentiate 5 clusters of strains. The results of this work show that RAPD may be usable as a rapid screening method for the intrahospital surveillance of K. pneumoniae, allowing a discrimination of clonally related strains. MALDI-TOF-based typing was not strongly corresponding to genotyping and warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Estudo citofotométrico da expressão dos marcadores tumorais Caspase-3 e Ki-67 no adenocarcinoma gástrico Cytophotometric study of the expression of tumoral markers Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in gastric adenocarcinoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Manuel Gonzales Cuellar

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: A carcinogênese gástrica é processo complexo e depende de fatores genéticos, ambientais e infecciosos. Nos últimos anos, houve grandes avanços nos campos da genética e da biologia molecular, sobre o desenvolvimento dos tumores. Os marcadores tumorais são substâncias ausentes nos tecidos normais e que podem ser identificadas em tecidos com câncer. Através de procedimentos imunoistoquímicos eles podem ser estudados. OBJETIVOS: Descrever a expressão citofotométrica do marcador tumoral Ki-67 analisando a densidade óptica e o índice de marcagem no adenocarcinoma de estômago. Descrever a expressão citofotométrica do marcador tumoral Caspase-3 analisando a densidade óptica e o índice de marcagem no adenocarcinoma de estômago. Comparar o índice de marcagem e densidade óptica dos marcadores tumorais Ki-67 e Caspase-3 no adenocarcinoma de estômago. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados, inicialmente, 58 blocos com espécime de adenocarcinoma gástrico coletados nos Serviços de Anátomo-Patologia do Hospital do Gama - Brasília (DF e Hospital Dom Orione - Araguaina (TO, e analizados no Laboratório de Citologia e Histopalogia Ltda - CITOLAB, Curitiba (PR. Foram aproveitados 31 blocos para o estudo histológico e imunoistoquímico realizado pelo sistema de análise computarizado SAMBA 4000. RESULTADOS: Das 31 lâminas estudas, 15 (48% foram marcadas pelo marcador Ki-67, 22 (71% foram marcadas pelo marcador Caspase-3 e 14 (45% marcaram com os dois marcadores. CONCLUSÕES: A expressão citofométrica do marcador Ki-67 foi observada em 15 lâminas da amostra estudada e apresentaram média do índice de marcagem de 36,85%, enquanto a densidade óptica apresentou média de 29,33 pixels. A expressão citofotométrica do marcador Caspase-3 foi observada em 22 lâminas da amostra estudada e apresentaram média do índice de marcagem de 87,71% e 60,74 pixels de média para a densidade óptica. Na comparação do índice de marcagem dos

  19. Interleucina-18 (IL-18 y otros parámetros inmunológicos como marcadores de gravedad en la pancreatitis aguda Interleukin 18 (IL-18 and other immunological parameters as markers of severity in acute pancreatitis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. A. Martín

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: se trata de comparar prospectivamente el comportamiento durante la primera semana del ingreso de los niveles de interleucina-18 (IL-18, y otros parámetros inmunológicos entre pacientes con pancreatitis aguda con y sin criterios de gravedad, así como entre pacientes con y sin desarrollo ulterior de seudoquiste. Pacientes y métodos: se compararon en 36 pacientes con pancreatitis aguda los resultados de sTNF-RI, IL-1Ra, IL-6 e IL-18 los días 1, 2, 3 y 7 desde el ingreso entre pancretitis leve, grave y un grupo control (13 pacientes con cólico biliar simple, así como entre pacientes con o sin seudoquiste. Resultados: al comparar pancreatitis leve con grave, IL-18 fue significativamente superior sólo el primer día en las pancreatitis graves y los otros parámetros a partir del segundo día de forma mantenida. También en pacientes que desarrollaron seudoquiste, IL-18 estuvo significativamente elevada el primer día. Conclusiones: IL-18 resultó el marcador más precoz de complicaciones y gravedad de la pancreatitis aguda a nivel sistémico y local (seudoquiste.Objective: our aim was to prospectively compare the behavior of interleukin 18 (IL-18 levels and other immunological parameters during the first week of hospitalization between acute pancreatitis patients with and without severity criteria, as well as between patients with and without late pseudocyst development. Patients and methods: in 36 patients with acute pancreatitis we compared sTNF-RI, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and IL-18 levels at days 1, 2, 3 and 7 after hospitalization between mild pancreatitis, severe pancreatitis, and a "control" group (13 patients with uncomplicated biliary colic, as well as between patients with and without pseudocyst. Results: on comparing mild to severe pancreatitis, IL-18 was significantly higher only the first day in severe pancreatitis, while the other parameters were steadily higher after the second day. In patients developing pseudocyst, IL-18 was

  20. (Intersubjetivização de marcadores discursivos de base verbal: instâncias de gramaticalização

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    Cláudia Andrea Rost Snichelotto

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo objetiva apresentar, numa perspectiva pancrônica, uma descrição da multifuncionalidade dos marcadores discursivos olha e vê¹ em amostras de escrita e de fala catarinense. A análise é sustentada por uma abordagem funcionalista da gramaticalização, com ênfase na mudança semântico-pragmática e categorial dos itens, considerando a questão da (intersubjetividade e (intersubjetivização e sua relação com as funções da linguagem no processo de mudança. As ocorrências examinadas evidenciam que (i das práticas comunicativas emergem polissemias pragmáticas, que sinalizam, em graus variáveis, o envolvimento do falante com o ouvinte, bem como um incremento de significados vinculados à atitude do falante a respeito do que é dito, além de tímida função dos itens no âmbito textual; (ii os diferentes contextos de atuação discursiva de olha e vê são atestados a partir de frequências de uso que apontam tanto para situações de variação como para contextos de restrição de uso; (iii há indícios de gramaticalização desses marcadores discursivos, estando olha num processo mais adiantado do que vê.

  1. Relación histopatológica de la displasia epitelial con la oncoproteína p53 en la leucoplasia bucal

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    Zenia Batista Castro

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available La leucoplasia bucal es una lesión precancerosa bien conocida debido a su asociación con la presencia de displasia epitelial y su tendencia a la transformación maligna. Con el fin de eliminar la subjetividad en la determinación de los grados de la displasia epitelial se han utilizado marcadores biológicos, entre ellos, el AcM anti p53. Por ello se propuso evaluar la expresión del AcM anti p53 en los diferentes grados de displasia epitelial en la leucoplasia bucal. Se emplearon las biopsias de 46 pacientes con diagnóstico de leucoplasia bucal, procedentes del Departamento de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana. Las muestras fueron procesadas por la técnica de inclusión en parafina y coloreadas con la técnica inmunohistoquímica del complejo avidina-biotina-peroxidasa para el AcM p53. Se estudió la correlación entre el patrón de inmunoensayo para p53 y el grado de displasia epitelial. Se evidenció que existe una asociación significativa entre la inmunocoloración de las células basales y suprabasales del epitelio con la oncoproteína p53, en los distintos grados de severidad de la displasia epitelial, lo que pudiera estar relacionado con el incremento progresivo de atipia celular observada. Se concluyó que en las muestras estudiadas existió una relación coincidente del aumento del grado de severidad de la displasia epitelial, con el marcaje de la oncoproteína p53. Estas evidencias sugirieron que el análisis inmunohistoquímico de p53 en conjunto con los parámetros histológicos, principalmente relacionados con el grado de severidad de la displasia epitelial, pudiera ser utilizado para lograr un diagnóstico más certero y contribuir a la prevención del cáncer bucal.

  2. Efeitos de um marcador temporal sobre respostas de escolha por maior atraso e magnitude do reforço em crianças

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    Tatiana Chagas Correia

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available ResumoO presente experimento verificou se a apresentação de um marcador temporal durante o período de atraso do reforço aumentaria as respostas no componente com maior magnitude e atraso do reforço (autocontrole, diminuindo as escolhas pelo componente de menor atraso e magnitude (impulsividade, em um esquema concorrente. Três valores de atraso do reforço foram investigados. Participaram nove crianças distribuídas em três condições manipuladas no período de atraso do reforço: relógio, não-relógio e blackout. Escolhas entre o componente de autocontrole e impulsividade ocorriam na tela de computador sendo consequencia dos pontos trocados por brindes. Encontrou-se autocontrole na primeira apresentação dos menores valores de atraso no componente de maior atraso, mas não com valores maiores, independentemente da condição em vigor. O marcador temporal não indicou ser uma condição que aumente as respostas de autocontrole. Tais respostas estiveram relacionadas aos valores do atraso.

  3. Invasion and spreading of Cabomba caroliniana revealed by RAPD markers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jin, Xiaofeng; Ding, Bingyang; Gao, Shuqin; Jiang, Weimei

    2005-12-01

    Applying randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), the genetic variation of Cabomba caroliniana Gray (cabomba or fanwort), a new alien plant in China, was analyzed in this paper. Total 143 bands, including 47 polymorphic bands, were amplified from 23 primers in 20 samples. The sampling distance was large, but its genetic diversity was low. The main results were that: (1) Cabomba, which grew and dispersed mainly in fragment, was an abundant and dominant species in freshwater, and its main dispersal mechanism was vegetative reproduction (2) Cabomba was originally introduced into China as an aquarium submerged plant. Somehow, those discarded cabomba became invasive species in the areas of Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Meicheng, and other places. (3) Although the level of genetic diversity in cabomba was low, their rapid dispersion and propagation could seriously harm to local aquatic community. Therefore, specific measure should be used to control cabomba from uncontrolled spreading and damage to local vegetation communities.

  4. Genetic diversity of improved salt tolerant calli of maize (Zea mays L.) using RAPD

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saputro, Triono Bagus; Dianawati, Siti; Sholihah, Nur Fadlillatus; Ermavitalini, Dini

    2017-06-01

    Maize is one of important cultivated plants in the world, in terms of production rates, utilization rates and demands. Unfortunately, the increment of demands were not followed by the increase of production rates since the cultivation area were significantly decrease. Coastal area is the marginal land that have a good potential to extend the cultivation area. The main challenge of this area is the high content of salt. The aims of this research were try to induce a new varian of local maize through in vitro culture and observe its genetic variation using RAPD. Bluto variety from Madura island was used as an explant in callus induction. Induction of callus were conducted using MS basal medium supplemented with 3 mg/L of 2,4 D under dark condition. While the selection stage was conducted using MS basal medium supplemented with 3 mg/L of 2,4 D with the addition of various concentration of NaCl (0 mg/L; 2500 mg/L; 5000 mg/L; and 7500 mg/L). The research were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The exposion of NaCl were significantly decrease the mass of maize callus. The highest addition of callus weight was 210 mgs in control treatment, while the lowest is in 7500 mg/L with 3 mgs. The RAPD technique was utilized to characterize the genotype of maize callus. Out of five primers, only three primers can produce polymorphic bands named OPA10, OPB07 and OPC02. Taken together, the surviving callus of Bluto varians can be further developed as potential somaclone that has high tolerance to salt stress.

  5. Spar genetic analysis of two invasive species of Cichla (Tucunaré (Perciformes: Cichlidae in the Paraná river basin = Análise genética via spar, de duas espécies de Cichla (Tucunaré (Perciformes: Cichlidae introduzidas na Bacia do rio Paraná

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanna Caputo Almeida-Ferreira

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The introduction of exotic species in lake ecosystems has been greatly highlighted in the literature worldwide. Since introduction may threaten diversity of native fish, the issue turns up to be of paramount importance. Ecological effects may be predation, competition, parasitism or genetic, that is, changes in the genetic pool of populations owing to the occurrence of hybrids. Although the Tucunaré fish (Cichla is native to the Amazon region, it can be foundin other hydrographic basins in which it has been introduced. RAPD molecular marker research showed that there are two species (Cichla kelberi and C. piquiti belonging to the genus Cichla in the rivers of the Paraná basin. Different morphotypes in the region may also be due to hybridization. Current research used SPAR molecular markers to confirm the presence of hybrids and the rupture of isolation mechanisms. Seventy-two specimens collected in several sites of the river Paraná and Amazon basins were analyzed. Since exclusive SPAR molecular markers were obtained for Cichla kelberi and C. piquiti populations, the introduction of the two species in the region has been confirmed. Identification of the markers in specimens of theParaná river basin confirmed hybridization between these exotic species.A introdução de espécies exóticas nos ecossistemas lacustres tem sido muito destacada na literatura mundial, pois ameaça a diversidade de peixes nativos, tornando-se uma questão de extrema importância. Os efeitos observados podem ser ecológicos, como predação, competição e parasitismo ou genéticos, como a ocorrência de híbridos. Apesar do peixe tucunaré (Cichla ser nativo da região amazônica, ele pode ser encontrado em outras bacias hidrográficas nas quais foram introduzidos. Estudos utilizando marcadores moleculares RAPD revelaram que existem duas espécies (Cichla kelberi e C. piquiti do gênero Cichla na bacia do alto rio Paraná e morfotipos diferentes que podem ser devido

  6. RAPD em Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke: adaptação do método para coleta de amostras in situ, ajuste das condições de PCR e apresentação de um processo para selecionar bandas reprodutíveis RAPD in Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke: adequation of a method for in situ sample collecting, PCR adjustments and presentation of a procedure to select reproducible amplified fragments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronaldo Pereira Santos

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available O Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke é uma espécie importante economicamente para a Região Amazônica, porque sua madeira é fonte de linalol, insumo utilizado pelas perfumarias. Esta espécie foi explorada durante décadas e, ainda assim, o conhecimento acerca da diversidade genética intra-específica é muito restrito. Foram objetivos deste trabalho: 1 validar um protocolo para coleta de folhas de pau-rosa que permitisse preservar a integridade do DNA até a estocagem em "freezer"; 2 selecionar um protocolo para extração de DNA em quantidade e qualidade adequadas para geração de bandas RAPD e 3 desenvolver um critério para avaliar o grau de reprodutibilidade que pudesse auxiliar a seleção de bandas RAPD úteis para análises de diversidade genética. Imediatamente após a coleta, as folhas foram acondicionadas em tubos de polietileno com sílica gel e aí permaneceram por até 10 dias. Foram testados três protocolos para a extração de ácidos nucléicos destas folhas, condições ideais para as PCR e a reprodutibilidade dos padrões RAPD. Critérios para a eliminação das bandas que mais contribuíram para o afastamento dos resultados do ideal da reprodutibilidade total foram desenvolvidos e a significância estatística das diferenças geradas pela aplicação dos critérios ao conjunto de dados foi testada. DNA com qualidade e em quantidade suficiente para a geração de padrões RAPD, nas condições ideais definidas para as PCRs, foi obtido. A eliminação de bandas com reprodutibilidade menor que 70% não diferiu do controle. A eliminação de bandas com reprodutibilidade menor que 90% diferiu dos demais tratamentos em todos os arranjos testados (P Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke is one of the economically valuable species in the Amazon region, because it is the principal source of linalool which is demanded by the perfumery industry. This species was submitted to hard exploitation along the past decades and besides this

  7. Estudio del polimorfismo genético de las células de la médula ósea y del sistema nervioso central de ratas mediante la técnica de RAPD

    OpenAIRE

    Esteban Alberti; Jorge Fraga; Rocío García; Elizabeth Hernández; Karelys de la Cuetara; Lázara Castillo; Teresa Serrano

    2011-01-01

    Study of genetic polymorphism of the bone marrow and the central nervous system of rats cells by RAPD technique    Título corto: RAPD a células de ratas. Resumen Los modelos experimentales en rata han sido de gran utilidad en las evaluaciones terapéuticas o de reemplazo de células en enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Se ha comprobado que las células de la médula ósea (CMO) de ratas pueden diferenciarse en células que no forman parte de sus linajes normales. Hay evidencias de e...

  8. Molecular Diversity of Antagonistic Streptomyces spp. against Botrytis allii, the agent of onion gray mold using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD Markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Jorjandi

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available As an aim in sustainable agriculture, biological control of plant diseases has received intensive attention mainly as a response to public concern about the use of chemical fungicides in the environment. Soil Actinomycetes particularly Streptomyces spp. enhance soil fertility and have antagonistic activity against wide range of plant pathogens. To investigate for biocontrol means against the pathogen, 30 isolates of Actinomycetes have been isolated from agricultural soils of Kerman province of Iran and assayed for antagonistic activity against Botrytis allii, the agent of onion gray mold. RAPD DNA analysis has been used to determine the relatedness of active and non-active isolates based on their RAPD-PCR fingerprints. PCR amplifiable DNA samples have been isolated using the CTAB method and amplified fragments have been obtained from 5 random 10-mer primers. Different DNA fingerprinting patterns have been obtained for all of the isolates. Electrophoretic and cluster analysis of the amplification products has revealed incidence of polymorphism among the isolates. A total of 138 bands, ranging in size from 150-2800 bp, have been amplified from primers which 63.7% of the observed bands have been polymorphic. Genetic distances among different varieties have been analyzed with a UPGMA (Unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average-derived dendrogram. Resulting dendrogram has showed from 0.65 to 0.91 similarities among varieties and divided the isolates into five major groups. Isolates which haven’t had any antagonistic activity against B. allii have been separated into a group and other isolates classified into four groups. The results indicate that RAPD is an efficient method for discriminating and studying genetic diversity of Streptomyces isolates.

  9. GENE FLOW BETWEEN RED RICE AND CULTIVATED RICE ESTIMATED BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS FLUXO GÊNICO ENTRE ARROZ VERMELHO E ARROZ CULTIVADO ESTIMADO POR MEIO DE MARCADORES MICROSSATÉLITES

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    Francisco , Moura Neto

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available

    The study aimed to evaluate the capacity of SSR markers to detect the gene flow between the red rice (RR and the cultivated rice (CR. SSR is currently used in plant genomic analysis due to the high information content, to be co-dominant, and based on the PCR reaction. The field experiment was organized in ten concentric circles, 5 m to 50 m apart from a central red rice plant, assumed as the pollen donor. One hundred twenty rice CR plants, cv. BR-Irga 409, were planted in the intersections of the concentric circles and the twelve radii. From 51 SSR markers, four were selected due to their capacity to detect the polymorphism between RR and CR, aiming to identify RR alleles in seeds produced by BR-Irga 409 plants. The maximum distance found for gene flow between RR and CR plants was 10 m from the RR plant. In theory, at 0.1% cross pollination rate, this distance can generate 4,710 hybrids between RR and CR. In the next generation, about 3,532 plants would produce exclusively rice grains with red color. The SSR markers were able to identify the gene flow between RR and CR; therefore, they can be useful to increase the precision of cross pollination rate estimates in rice, mainly if used with other methodologies (e.g., herbicide tolerant plants.

    KEY WORDS: Cross pollination; microsatellite markers; Oryza sativa.

    Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade de marcadores SSR em detectar a ocorrência de fluxo gênico entre o arroz vermelho (AV e o arroz cultivado (AC. Marcadores SSR são utilizados em análise genômica de plantas devido ao alto conteúdo informativo, serem co-dominantes e baseados na reação de PCR. O ensaio de campo foi realizado em dez círculos concêntricos de 5 m a 50 m de distância, a partir de uma planta AV central, que foi a fonte

  10. Isozyme, ISSR and RAPD profiling of genotypes in marvel grass (Dichanthium annulatum).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saxena, Raghvendra; Chandra, Amaresh

    2010-11-01

    Genetic analysis of 30 accessions of marvel grass (Dichanthium annulatum Forsk.), a tropical range grass collected from grasslands and open fields of drier regions, was carried out with the objectives of identifying unique materials that could be used in developing the core germplasm for such regions as well as to explore gene (s) for drought tolerance. Five inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers [(CA)4, (AGAC), (GACA) 4; 27 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and four enzyme systems were employed in the present study. In total, ISSR yielded 61 (52 polymorphic), RAPD 269 (253 polymorphic) and enzyme 55 isozymes (44 polymorphic) bands. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) across all polymorphic bands of 3 markers systems ranged from 0.419 to 0.480 and 4.34 to 5.25 respectively Dendrogram analysis revealed three main clusters with all three markers. Four enzymes namely esterase (EST), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PRX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) revealed 55 alleles from a total of 16 enzyme-coding loci. Of these, 14 loci and 44 alleles were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles per locus was 3.43. Mean heterozygosity observed among the polymorphic loci ranged from 0.406 (SOD) to 0.836 (EST) and accession wise from 0.679 (1G3108) to 0.743 (IGKMD-10). Though there was intermixing of few accessions of one agro-climatic region to another largely groupings of accessions were with their regions of collections. Bootstrap analysis at 1000 iterations also showed large numbers of nodes (11 to 17) having strong clustering (> 50 bootstrap values) in all three marker systems. The accessions of the arid and drier regions forming one cluster are assigned as distinct core collection of Dichanthium and can be targeted for isolation of gene (s) for drought tolerance. Variations in isozyme allele numbers and high PIC (0.48) and MI (4.98) as observed with ISSR markers indicated their usefulness for germplasm characterization.

  11. Assessment of genetic stability in micropropagules of Jatropha curcas genotypes by RAPD and AFLP analysis

    KAUST Repository

    Sharma, Sweta K.

    2011-07-01

    Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae), a drought resistant non edible oil yielding plant, has acquired significant importance as an alternative renewable energy source. Low and inconsistent yields found in field plantations prompted for identification of high yielding clones and their large scale multiplication by vegetative propagation to obtain true to type plants. In the current investigation plantlets of J. curcas generated by axillary bud proliferation (micropropagation) using nodal segments obtained from selected high yielding genotypes were assessed for their genetic stability using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. For RAPD analysis, 21 out of 52 arbitrary decamer primers screened gave clear reproducible bands. In the micropropagated plantlets obtained from the 2nd sub-culture, 4 out of a total of 177 bands scored were polymorphic, but in the 8th and 16th sub-cultures (culture cycle) no polymorphisms were detected. AFLP analysis revealed 0.63%, 0% and 0% polymorphism in the 2nd, 8th and 16th generations, respectively. When different genotypes, viz. IC 56557 16, IC 56557 34 and IC 56557 13, were assessed by AFLP, 0%, 0.31% and 0.47% polymorphisms were found, respectively, indicating a difference in genetic stability among the different genotypes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on assessment of genetic stability of micropropagated plantlets in J. curcas and suggests that axillary shoot proliferation can safely be used as an efficient micropropagation method for mass propagation of J. curcas. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

  12. Population structure of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) in Thailand based on PCR-RAPD markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thaenkham, Urusa; Pakdee, Wallop; Nuamtanong, Supaporn; Maipanich, Wanna; Pubampen, Somchit; Sa-Nguankiat, Surapol; Komalamisra, Chalit

    2012-05-01

    Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the causative agent of angiostrongyliasis, which is widely distributed throughout the world. It can specifically infect many species of intermediate and definitive hosts. This study examined the genetic differentiation and population structure using the RAPD-PCR method of parasites obtained from 8 different geographical areas of Thailand. Based on 8 primers, high levels of genetic diversity and low levels of gene flow among populations were found. Using genetic distance and neighbor-joining dendrogram methods, A. cantonensis in Thailand could be divided into two groups with statistically significant genetic differentiation of the two populations. However, genotypic variations and haplotype relationships need to be further elucidated using other markers.

  13. Evidence of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting in Taipei City, Taiwan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harn, H J; Shen, K L; Ho, L I; Yu, K W; Liu, G C; Yueh, K C; Lee, J H

    1997-01-01

    AIMS: To determine, by strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whether transmission has occurred between individuals or whether new strains are present. METHODS: A rapid protocol for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was developed. This protocol was applied to 64 strains of M tuberculosis that had been confirmed by culture and microbiological methods. RESULTS: There are five groups of M tuberculosis prevalent in Taipei city, Taiwan. The major types are groups I and III. Groups I and II had been prevalent until the end of last year when, according to our group analysis, they had been eradicated. However, group III was continuously present from the middle of 1995 to the middle of 1996, and group IV was present at the end of both years, which indicated that both groups were transmitted continuously. These clustered strains had demographic characteristics consistent with a finding of transmission tuberculosis. Also, there were 13 of 64 strains with unique RAPD fingerprints that were inferred to be due primarily to the reactivation of infection. In the drug resistance analysis, the major type represented included group III and part of group IV. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data imply, not only that the prevalence of M tuberculosis in Taipei city is due to transmission rather than reactivation, but that drug resistance also may play a role in tuberculosis transmission. Images PMID:9378819

  14. Caracterización de accesiones de papaya (Carica papaya L.) a través de marcadores AFLP en Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Maruchi Alonso Esquivel; Martín Bautista Alor; Matilde Ortiz García; Adriana Quiroz Moreno; Wolfgang Rohde; Lorenzo Felipe Sánchez Teyer

    2010-01-01

    Los marcadores moleculares son herramientas valiosas en los estudios genéticos en plantas, y están siendo empleados exitosamente en programas de mejoramiento principalmente en la elección de progenitores y en la selección. El polimorfismo observado mediante la técnica molecular AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) ha sido de utilidad para estudios de diversidad genética en frutales. En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización molecular de 12 accesiones de papaya (Carica papa...

  15. Caracterización de accesiones de papaya (Carica papaya L.) a través de marcadores AFLP en Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    Esquivel, Maruchi Alonso; Bautista Alor, Martín; Ortiz García, Matilde; Quiroz Moreno, Adriana; Rohde, Wolfgang; Sánchez Teyer, Lorenzo Felipe

    2009-01-01

    Los marcadores moleculares son herramientas valiosas en los estudios genéticos en plantas, y están siendo empleados exitosamente en programas de mejoramiento principalmente en la elección de progenitores y en la selección. El polimorfismo observado mediante la técnica molecular AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) ha sido de utilidad para estudios de diversidad genética en frutales. En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización molecular de 12 accesiones de papaya (Carica papa...

  16. Mapeamento de QTLs para reação ao oídio e mancha-angular do feijoeiro-comum em diferentes locais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melo Leonardo Cunha

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram mapear, em diferentes locais, marcadores RAPD ligados a QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci de reação do feijoeiro-comum ao oídio e à mancha-angular, avaliar a interação de QTLs por locais e comparar os métodos de mapeamento e regressão múltipla no processo de detecção de QTLs. Foram avaliadas 196 linhagens recombinantes, oriundas do cruzamento entre as cultivares Carioca e Flor de Mayo, em duas épocas de cultivo: época da seca, para mancha-angular, e inverno para oídio, nos anos de 1996, 1997 e 1998, em dois locais de Minas Gerais. Foram conduzidos sete experimentos de avaliação fenotípica utilizando o delineamento experimental em látice quadrado simples. Os resultados mostraram que a interação QTLs por locais foi significativa, mas foram identificados alguns QTLs com maior estabilidade. O método da regressão múltipla detectou maior número de marcadores ligados a QTLs do que o processo de mapeamento por intervalo composto; não houve concordância entre os resultados apresentados pelos dois métodos. Os marcadores que se mostraram mais estáveis e promissores para serem utilizados em programas de seleção assistida foram OPR02-832, OPD08-759 e OPN10-851 para reação a oídio; OPN02-436, e OPN07-1072 para reação à mancha-angular.

  17. Índice de adiposidad corporal como predictor de obesidad y de síndrome metabólico en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    González-Ruíz, Katherine; Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique

    2015-01-01

    Recientemente, Bergman et al. desarrollaron el índice de adiposidad corporal (IAC), como un marcador de obesidad por exceso de grasa corporal en la práctica clínica. En este estudio se evaluó la validez del IAC como marcador de obesidad por exceso de adiposidad, además de examinar la capacidad predictiva del IAC con componentes e índices metabólicos asociados al SM en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia. Convocatoria FODEIN-USTA 2014 Nº 2013004

  18. Diversidad genética de piracanjuba usada en programas de repoblación con marcadores microsatélites Genetic diversity of piracanjuba used in stock enhancement programs with microsatellite markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria del Pilar Rodriguez-Rodriguez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la diversidad genética de un lote de Brycon orbignyanus usado en programas de repoblación, a través de marcadores microsatélites. Se analizaron muestras de 44 reproductores, de 70 larvas y de 69 alevinos, con la amplificación de cinco loci descritos para Brycon opalinus. El número de alelos, la heterozigosidad observada (Ho y esperada (He, el índice de Shannon (IS, la diversidad genética de Nei (DGN, el coeficiente de endogamia (Fis, la distancia (DG e identidad genética (IG, el número efectivo de alelos, el test del equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (EHW y el desequilibrio de ligación fueron calculados. Reproductores y progenie tuvieron un número similar de alelos en los loci evaluados. La Ho media, IS, DGN, DG e IG mostraron que existe menor distancia genética entre parentales y larvas y una disminución de variabilidad genética en los alevinos. Fueron observados desvíos en EHW y desequilibrio de ligación en seis pares de loci. El Fis mostró exceso de heterocigotos en parentales y larvas y déficit de heterocigotos en los alevinos. El lote de reproductores está en proceso de pérdida de alelos y hubo disminución de la variabilidad genética entre la fase de larva y alevino.The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic diversity of a Brycon orbignyanus lot used in stock enhancement programs, using microsatellite markers. Samples of 44 broodstocks, 70 larvae and 69 fingerlings, were analyzed with amplification of five loci described for Brycon opalinus. The number of alleles, the observed (Ho and expected (He heterozygosity, Shannon index (IS, Nei's genetic diversity (DGN, the inbreeding coefficient (Fis, distance (DG and genetic identity (IG, the effective number of alleles, the test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (EHW and the linkage disequilibrium were calculated. Broodstocks and offspring had a similar number of alleles at the tested loci. Ho average, IS, DGN, DG and IG showed

  19. Using cytogenetic analysis RAPD in determination of genetic variations among four species of ornamental fishes of family: Poecilidae (Order: Cyprinodontiform

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abu-Almaaty A.H.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The karyological and molecular analysis of four fresh water fish species of Family: Poecilidae and their genetic relationships have been studied. Xiphophorus maculates and Xiphophorus hellerii have the same diploid chromosome number 2n=48, but they were different in their karyotypes. Poecilia sphenops and Poecilia reticulata have the same diploid chromosome number 2n=46 and the same fundamental number FN=46, also the same karyotype one group of acrocentric chromosomes. Nine RAPD primers, showed monomorphic bands, were used for the construction of the dendrogram and a similarity matrix. A total of 65 bands were obtained; 39 of them were monomorphic bands. Similarity values among the studied samples ranged from 21% to 38%. High similarity value was obtained between Xiphophorus maculates and Xiphophorus hellerii. (38% and the low similarity values were obtained between Xiphophorus hellerii and Poecilia reticulata (21%. The cluster analysis clearly differentiated Xiphophorus maculates and Xiphophorus hellerii from Poecilia sphenops and Poecilia reticulata. RAPD analysis confirmed that the four species under study are genetically different from each other. These cytogenetic data obtained can be applied for further studies in cytotaxonomy and evolutionary relationships of fishes.

  20. Inheritance of rapeseed (Brassica napus)-specific RAPD markers and a transgene in the cross B.juncea x (B.juncea x B.napus)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Frello, S.; Hansen, K.R.; Jensen, J.

    1995-01-01

    , with B. juncea as the female parent, was successful both in controlled crosses and spontaneously in the field. The controlled backcrossing of selected hybrids to B. juncea, again with B. juncea as the female parent, also resulted in many seeds. The BC1 plants contained from 0 to 20 of the rapeseed RAPD...

  1. Estudios bioarqueológios de marcadores de estrés ocupacional en cazadores recolectores pampeanos del Holoceno Temprano-Medio

    OpenAIRE

    Scabuzzo, Clara

    2012-01-01

    El objetivo general de este trabajo es, desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica, aproximarse a los modos de vida de los cazadores recolectores a partir del análisis de las actividades físicas cotidianas. Específicamente se plantea llevar a cabo el estudio de los marcadores de estrés ocupacional (M.E.O). Estas marcas de actividad, que quedan registrados en el esqueleto como consecuencia del uso del cuerpo y de los patrones de actividad física de los individuos, pueden ser tanto de carácter patol...

  2. RAPD-PCR na identificação molecular de plantas medicinais regulamentadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil | RAPD-PCR in molecular identification of medicinal plants regulated by the Unified Health System in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luiz Neves Aguiar

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available O desenvolvimento de metodologia altamente discriminatória para a identificação e caracterização de genótipos das espécies de plantas medicinais regulamentadas pelo sistema público de saúde brasileiro (SUS é de suma importância para o controle de qualidade destas espécies como matérias-primas na produção de medicamentos fitoterápicos, consequentemente, minimizar o risco sanitário associado à ineficácia terapêutica devido ao uso de matéria prima de identidade duvidosa. Por isto, foi utilizado o método RAPD-PCR para a elaboração de um perfil genético de três espécies de plantas medicinais regulamentadas pelo SUS do Brasil: Mikania glomerata, Maytenus ilicifolia e Schinus terebinthifolius, a partir de exemplares destas plantas, que foram cedidas pela Coleção Temática de Plantas Medicinais do Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Os 60 iniciadores utilizados no RAPD-PCR com o DNA das três espécies geraram 1284 produtos amplificados que variaram de 100-1500 pb. Foram selecionados cinco iniciadores que geraram no total 76 fragmentos entre 200-1100 pb com astrês espécies, sendo os iniciadores OPG18, OPA7 e OPG17 para a Mikania glomerata, os iniciadores OPG20, OPC13 e OPA11 para a Maytenus ilicifolia e OPA4, OPA18 e OPG14 para a Schinus terebinthifolius e os iniciadores OPA17 e OPC6 para as três espécies. Os perfis resultantes permitiram a identificação eficiente das espécies. Foram identificados iniciadores que geraram um único fragmento que poderão servir para desenhar um iniciador específico, que poderá ser usado na identificação da planta em produtos como monofarmacos e associações. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Development of a highly discriminatory method for the identification of genotypes and species of medicinal plants regulated by the Brazilian public health system (SUS is of paramount importance for the

  3. Associação entre periodontite crônica e marcadores de risco para doença cardiovascular

    OpenAIRE

    André Luis Velloso Caúla Soares

    2009-01-01

    Pesquisas recentes têm demonstrado que a periodontite pode modificar a concentração sanguínea de uma série de tipos celulares e substâncias bioquímicas, que são considerados fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a associação entre a periodontite crônica e marcadores de risco para doença cardiovascular. No Estudo I foram examinados 100 pacientes aparentemente saudáveis sistemicamente, sendo 66 portadores de periodontite crônica e 34 pacientes c...

  4. Comparative analysis of DNA polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships among Syzygium cumini Skeels based on phenotypic characters and RAPD technique.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Jitendra P; Singh, Ak; Bajpai, Anju; Ahmad, Iffat Zareen

    2014-01-01

    The Indian black berry (Syzygium cumini Skeels) has a great nutraceutical and medicinal properties. As in other fruit crops, the fruit characteristics are important attributes for differentiation were also determined for different accessions of S. cumini. The fruit weight, length, breadth, length: breadth ratio, pulp weight, pulp content, seed weight and pulp: seed ratio significantly varied in different accessions. Molecular characterization was carried out using PCR based RAPD technique. Out of 80 RAPD primers, only 18 primers produced stable polymorphisms that were used to examine the phylogenetic relationship. A sum of 207 loci were generated out of which 201 loci found polymorphic. The average genetic dissimilarity was 97 per cent among jamun accessions. The phylogenetic relationship was also determined by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) that explained 46.95 per cent cumulative variance. The two-dimensional PCoA analysis showed grouping of the different accessions that were plotted into four sub-plots, representing clustering of accessions. The UPGMA (r = 0.967) and NJ (r = 0.987) dendrogram constructed based on the dissimilarity matrix revealed a good degree of fit with the cophenetic correlation value. The dendrogram grouped the accessions into three main clusters according to their eco-geographical regions which given useful insight into their phylogenetic relationships.

  5. Transmission trials, ITS2-PCR and RAPD-PCR show identity of Toxocara canis isolates from red fox and dog.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Epe, C; Meuwissen, M; Stoye, M; Schnieder, T

    1999-07-01

    Toxocara canis isolates from dog and from red fox were compared in transmission trials and with molecular analysis using RAPD-PCR technique and comparison of the ITS2 sequence. After oral infection of bitches with 20,000 embryonated T. canis eggs of vulpine and canine origin, the vertical transmission to pup's was examined. All animals of both groups developed typical clinical symptoms of toxocarosis. The haematological, serological, parasitological and post mortem results showed no differences between both isolates except for the infectivity of T. canis stages in mice where the fox isolate showed a significant higher infectivity than the dog isolate. The RAPD-PCR showed a similarity coefficient of 0.95, similar to the range of intraspecific variation in Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina specimens as outgroups. The ITS2 comparison showed a 100% identity between both isolates with no intraspecific variations. Therefore, the study shows that the fox and the dog isolate of T. canis were identical in infectivity, transmission and molecular structure; a host adaptation could not be found and the fox has to be seen as a reservoir for T. canis infections in dogs. Considering the increasing number of foxes in urban areas the importance of helminth control in dogs is stressed.

  6. Expressão citofotométrica do marcador CD34 no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago Citophotometric expression of CD34 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olímpia Alves Teixeira Lima

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: O câncer de esôfago está entre as seis neoplasias malignas mais comuns do mundo. Devido à sua grande agressividade clínica, o subtipo carcinoma epidermóide constitui um dos tumores de pior prognóstico, com alto índice de morbi-mortalidade. Marcadores de biologia molecular tem sido apontados como forte coadjuvante no diagnóstico e graduação de tumores. A angiogênese, evento essencial para a progressão tumoral, pode ser estudada pelo marcador CD34. OBJETIVO: Determinar por citofotometria, usando o sistema SAMBA 4000, a expressão do marcador CD34 no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago e, correlacioná-los com dados clínico-patológicos (idade, sexo, grau de diferenciação do tumor, estadio, tamanho, localização, profundidade e acometimento de linfonodos. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 29 amostras teciduais de carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago utilizando-se coloração imunoistoquímica com marcador anti-CD34. A quantificação da expressão deste marcador foi realizada por citometria de imagem, pelo sistema SAMBA 4000 nas variáveis índice de marcagem e densidade óptica. A correlação entre subgrupos e análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada com o programa SPSS. RESULTADOS: A expressão média do marcador CD34 foi de 73,40% + 15,20 no índice de marcagem e 56,10 + 23,54 na densidae óptica. O CD34 não apresenta correlação estatisticamente significativa com as características clínico-histopatológicas estudadas (idade, sexo, grau de diferenciação do tumor, estadio, tamanho, localização, profundidade e acometimento de linfonodos. CONCLUSÃO: O marcador CD34 apresenta expressão no carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago, com maior valor no índice de marcagem em relação à densidade óptica. Ele4 não apresenta correlação com as características clínico-histopatológicas estudadas.BACKGROUND: Esophagus carcinoma is rated among the six more common malignant neoplasias in the world. Due to its aggressive

  7. PCR en tiempo real para el sexaje y análisis citológico de la sinapsis del bivalente más pequeño en espermatocitos en paquiteno de Oreochromis niloticus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zulita Prieto

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente investigación fue dar a conocer nuevos marcadores moleculares para la PCR en tiempo real asociados a los cromosomas sexuales y el análisis de la sinapsis del bivalente más pequeño en espermatocitos en paquiteno de Oreochromis nil oticus . Se diseñaron cuatro pares de cebadores y se pusieron a prueba por PCR punto final y por PCR en tiempo real utilizando el fluorescente SYBR® Green en muestras de ADN de hembras XX, machos XY y supermachos YY. Los tamaños de los fragmentos amplificad os por PCR punto final fueron concordantes a los valores esperados y por PCR en tiempo real se demostró igual especificidad pero con ventaja en rapidez en la detección de amplificación de marcadores asociados a los cromosoma X y Y, de acuerdo con las condi ciones de la PCR establecidas. Las diferencias genéticas entre las regiones de los cromosomas X y Y demostradas con los marcadores específicos no fueron perceptibles citológicamente en los espermatocitos en paquiteno de O. niloticus XY. En base a las difer encias y homologías de las secuencias de ADN entre las accesiones KC710223 y KC710224 de los cromosomas X y Y se propone un modelo de sinapsis del bivalente XY.

  8. Estudio de los conectores contraargumentativos en las definiciones lexicográficas

    OpenAIRE

    Andrés Ros, Manuel

    2018-01-01

    El tema que nos ocupa trata fundamentalmente de los marcadores del discurso, y, en particular, de los conectores contraargumentativos; los cuales transmiten un significado de de contraste u oposición. Actuación que nos fijamos llevar a cabo En el presente trabajo, nos hemos propuesto como cometido abordar el tratamiento de los marcadores del discurso (desde ahora, abreviaremos este término con la sigla MD) en la lexicografía monolingüe / unilingüe francesa y española. En la b...

  9. Toxigenic diversity of two different RAPD groups of Stachybotrys chartarum isolates analyzed by potential for trichothecene production and for boar sperm cell motility inhibition

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Peltola, J.; Niessen, L.; Nielsen, Kristian Fog

    2002-01-01

    . Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis of RAPID fragments clustered the 31 S. chartarum isolates in two distinct groups designated as RAPD groups 1 and 2. The grouping of S. chartarum isolates obtained by UPGMA cluster analysis of RAPID fragments was identical...

  10. Use of RAPD marker for identification of DNA polymorphism in gamma rays treated Jatropha Curcas L

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dhakshanamoorthy, Dharman; Selvaraj, Radhakrishnan

    2010-01-01

    The aim of this study is to examine the discriminatory power of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker in Jatropha curcas, and to determine the effect of various dose exposures (0, 5, 10, f, 20 and 25 Kr) of gamma rays on J. curcas, at molecular level. All the ten random primers used produced reproducible polymorphic bands. PCR products of mutant genome revealed a total of 40 bands, out of which 27 were polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values were ranged from 0.00 to 0.40 and the highest PIC value of 0.40 was observed in primer OPU-13 followed by primers OPAL-II and OPT-18 (0.30) while no PIC value were reported in primers OPH-18 and OPM-13. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity varied from 0.476 to 0.723, indicative of high level of genetic variation among the mutants studied. UPGMA cluster analysis indicated three distinct clusters, one comprising control while the second included four mutants viz., 10, 15, 25 and 20 Kr. The mutant 5 Kr remained distinct and formed third cluster indicating its higher genetic diversity from the rest of the mutants and control. The primer OPU-13 produced maximum number of bands (8) showed highest discriminatory power and PIC (0.40) by showing maximum number of polymorphic bands (5) when compared to other primers used. The study reveals that RAPD molecular markers can be used to assess polymorphism among the mutants and can be a useful tool to supplement the distinctness, uniformity and stability analysis for plant varietal identification and protection. (author)

  11. Estimation of the genetic diversity in tetraploid alfalfa populations based on RAPD markers for breeding purposes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nagl, Nevena; Taski-Ajdukovic, Ksenija; Barac, Goran; Baburski, Aleksandar; Seccareccia, Ivana; Milic, Dragan; Katic, Slobodan

    2011-01-01

    Alfalfa is an autotetraploid, allogamous and heterozygous forage legume, whose varieties are synthetic populations. Due to the complex nature of the species, information about genetic diversity of germplasm used in any alfalfa breeding program is most beneficial. The genetic diversity of five alfalfa varieties, involved in progeny tests at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, was characterized based on RAPD markers. A total of 60 primers were screened, out of which 17 were selected for the analysis of genetic diversity. A total of 156 polymorphic bands were generated, with 10.6 bands per primer. Number and percentage of polymorphic loci, effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and Shannon's information index were used to estimate genetic variation. Variety Zuzana had the highest values for all tested parameters, exhibiting the highest level of variation, whereas variety RSI 20 exhibited the lowest. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 88.39% of the total genetic variation was attributed to intra-varietal variance. The cluster analysis for individual samples and varieties revealed differences in their population structures: variety Zuzana showed a very high level of genetic variation, Banat and Ghareh were divided in subpopulations, while Pecy and RSI 20 were relatively uniform. Ways of exploiting the investigated germplasm in the breeding programs are suggested in this paper, depending on their population structure and diversity. The RAPD analysis shows potential to be applied in analysis of parental populations in semi-hybrid alfalfa breeding program in both, development of new homogenous germplasm, and identification of promising, complementary germplasm.

  12. Estimation of the Genetic Diversity in Tetraploid Alfalfa Populations Based on RAPD Markers for Breeding Purposes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Slobodan Katic

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Alfalfa is an autotetraploid, allogamous and heterozygous forage legume, whose varieties are synthetic populations. Due to the complex nature of the species, information about genetic diversity of germplasm used in any alfalfa breeding program is most beneficial. The genetic diversity of five alfalfa varieties, involved in progeny tests at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, was characterized based on RAPD markers. A total of 60 primers were screened, out of which 17 were selected for the analysis of genetic diversity. A total of 156 polymorphic bands were generated, with 10.6 bands per primer. Number and percentage of polymorphic loci, effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s information index were used to estimate genetic variation. Variety Zuzana had the highest values for all tested parameters, exhibiting the highest level of variation, whereas variety RSI 20 exhibited the lowest. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA showed that 88.39% of the total genetic variation was attributed to intra-varietal variance. The cluster analysis for individual samples and varieties revealed differences in their population structures: variety Zuzana showed a very high level of genetic variation, Banat and Ghareh were divided in subpopulations, while Pecy and RSI 20 were relatively uniform. Ways of exploiting the investigated germplasm in the breeding programs are suggested in this paper, depending on their population structure and diversity. The RAPD analysis shows potential to be applied in analysis of parental populations in semi-hybrid alfalfa breeding program in both, development of new homogenous germplasm, and identification of promising, complementary germplasm.

  13. Use of RAPD marker for identification of DNA polymorphism in gamma rays treated Jatropha Curcas L

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dhakshanamoorthy, Dharman; Selvaraj, Radhakrishnan [Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar (India)

    2010-07-15

    The aim of this study is to examine the discriminatory power of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker in Jatropha curcas, and to determine the effect of various dose exposures (0, 5, 10, f, 20 and 25 Kr) of gamma rays on J. curcas, at molecular level. All the ten random primers used produced reproducible polymorphic bands. PCR products of mutant genome revealed a total of 40 bands, out of which 27 were polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values were ranged from 0.00 to 0.40 and the highest PIC value of 0.40 was observed in primer OPU-13 followed by primers OPAL-II and OPT-18 (0.30) while no PIC value were reported in primers OPH-18 and OPM-13. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity varied from 0.476 to 0.723, indicative of high level of genetic variation among the mutants studied. UPGMA cluster analysis indicated three distinct clusters, one comprising control while the second included four mutants viz., 10, 15, 25 and 20 Kr. The mutant 5 Kr remained distinct and formed third cluster indicating its higher genetic diversity from the rest of the mutants and control. The primer OPU-13 produced maximum number of bands (8) showed highest discriminatory power and PIC (0.40) by showing maximum number of polymorphic bands (5) when compared to other primers used. The study reveals that RAPD molecular markers can be used to assess polymorphism among the mutants and can be a useful tool to supplement the distinctness, uniformity and stability analysis for plant varietal identification and protection. (author)

  14. The Evolution of Vicia ramuliflora (Fabaceae) at Tetraploid and Diploid Levels Revealed with FISH and RAPD

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, Ying; Liu, Yuan; Wang, Haoyou; Liu, Xiangjun

    2017-01-01

    Vicia ramuliflora L. is a widely distributed species in Eurasia with high economic value. For past 200 years, it has evolved a tetraploid cytotype and new subspecies at the diploid level. Based on taxonomy, cytogeography and other lines of evidence, previous studies have provided valuable information about the evolution of V. ramuliflora ploidy level, but due to the limited resolution of traditional methods, important questions remain. In this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to analyze the evolution of V. ramuliflora at the diploid and tetraploid levels. Our aim was to reveal the genomic constitution and parents of the tetraploid V. ramuliflora and the relationships among diploid V. ramuliflora populations. Our study showed that the tetraploid cytotype of V. ramuliflora at Changbai Mountains (M) has identical 18S and 5S rDNA distribution patterns with the diploid Hengdaohezi population (B) and the diploid Dailing population (H). However, UPGMA clustering, Neighbor-Joining clustering and principal coordinates analysis based on RAPD showed that the tetraploid cytotype (M) has more close relationships with Qianshan diploid population T. Based on our results and the fact that interspecific hybridization among Vicia species is very difficult, we think that the tetraploid V. ramuliflora is an autotetraploid and its genomic origin still needs further study. In addition, our study also found that Qianshan diploid population (T) had evolved distinct new traits compared with other diploid populations, which hints that V. ramuliflora evolved further at diploid level. We suggest that diploid population T be re-classified as a new subspecies. PMID:28135314

  15. El discurso argumentativo de los estudiantes universitarios en los foros de discusión de un campus virtual: análisis del uso de marcadores discursivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Ahumada

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available En el marco de un programa de virtualización de asignaturas de pregrado como apoyo a la docencia presencial impulsado por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Chile, se analizó el uso que se realiza de los foros de discusión como uno de los Recursos de Comunicación disponibles en el Campus Virtual de dicha Universidad. El objetivo de los foros de discusión es fomentar la discusión y colaboración de los participantes, siendo ésta una instancia de reflexión y aprendizaje en donde prima el género argumentativo, ya sea para rebatir o apoyar una línea argumental. En esta investigación se evaluó el discurso argumentativo en los foros de discusión mediante el análisis de diversos marcadores discursivos. Mediante el análisis de un corpus previamente seleccionado de 195 foros realizados en 7 asignaturas pertenecientes a distintas Facultades de la Universidad, se categorizaron los marcadores discursivos presentes en los foros de discusión para posteriormente realizar un análisis de la aparición de éstos en las distintas asignaturas investigadas. Los resultados dan cuenta de diferencias en la frecuencia de uso de los marcadores discursivos de tipo argumentativos entre las asignaturas estudiadas. Específicamente, se observa una mayor frecuencia de conectores en las asignaturas de Macroeconomía y Finanzas; y de reformuladores en las asignaturas de Finanzas, Contabilidad, Psicología Social y Teoría de Sistemas. Estos resultados pueden resultar orientadores respecto a si los foros de discusión favorecen la generación de nuevos conocimientos, constituyéndose en un espacio de interacción y diálogo entre los participantes.

  16. RAPD markers and black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold intraspecies taxonomy - Evidence from the study of nine populations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zlatko Liber

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Although intraspecies researches within the black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold have a long tradition, the intraspecies taxonomy, classification and chorology are still unclear. Among the numerous reasons that have caused this situation the most important are: the absence of a study that would completely cover the whole range of this species, the impossibility of connection of results of the existing detailed studies of certain areas, and the high variability of traits which have been used so far. Since the characteristics of the molecular systematic techniques could make possible the research free of the mentioned shortages, the intention of this study was to determine the relationships among nine populations of black pine using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD. The obtained results were compared to the recent results of the morphological and anatomical analysis of the leaves of the same populations. The RAPD results clearly divided the Croatian populations from populations of Austria (subsp. nigra and Turkey (subsp. pallasiana, while among Croatian populations, as in previous study, the existence of several groups (subsp. illyrica, subsp. dalmatica and transitional population between them was noticed. It is assumed that the optimisations conducted in this study will finally make possible estimating the relationships on the level of the whole range of the black pine and the classification based on molecular traits that are probably less dependent on environmental influences than it has been the case with the characteristics mostly used so far.

  17. Frecuencia de los genotipos babA2, oipA y cagE de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes colombianos con enfermedades gastroduodenales.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Javier Quiroga

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. La infección con Helicobacter pylori está asociada con el desarrollo de diferentes enfermedades gastroduodenales. Varios genes de virulencia de H. pylori se han relacionado con mayor riesgo de enfermedad gástrica. Objetivos. El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar las posibles asociaciones entre la presencia de los genes vacA, cagA, cagE, babA2 y oipA en aislamientos de H. pylori de pacientes colombianos y las diferentes consecuencias clínicas de la infección. Materiales y métodos. Mediante PCR se evaluaron los genotipos cagA, vacA, cagE, oipA y babA2 en 166 aislamientos de H. pylori provenientes de 50 pacientes con úlcera péptica, 39 con gastritis crónica no atrófica, 26 con gastritis crónica atrófica, 26 con metaplasia intestinal y 25 con adenocarcinoma gástrico. Resultados. La frecuencia de los genotipos cagA, cagE, babA2 y oipA fue de 73%, 75%, 48% y 74%, respectivamente. El 64% (100/157 de los aislamientos presentó el genotipo citotóxico vacAs1m1/cagA positivo/cagE positivo. Se observó una mayor frecuencia de cepas citotóxicas en pacientes con cáncer (84%, metaplasia (91% y úlcera (81% en comparación con pacientes con gastritis no atrófica (50% (p=0,002, 0,008 y 0,007, respectivamente. La frecuencia de oipA y babA2 fue mayor en cepas citotóxicas que en cepas no citotóxicas (oipA: 81% vs. 52%, p=0,003; babA2: 58% vs. 12%, p=0,000. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de los genes oipA o babA2 solos o en asociación con vacA y cagA/cagE y las diferentes enfermedades gastroduodenales. Conclusiones. No se encontraron evidencias que sugieran que los genes babA2 u oipA puedan servir como marcadores de ulcerogénesis o carcinogénesis en esta población, solos o en asociación con cagA, cagE o vacA.

  18. Genetic linkage analysis of type 1 diabetes mellitus to markers on chromosomes 2 and 11 in families from Antioquia, Colombia Análisis de ligamiento genético de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1, a marcadores de los cromosomas 2 y 11 en familias antioqueñas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Bedoya Berrío

    2004-02-01

    la etiología de DM1 han demostrado que ambos subtipos tienen un fuerte componente genético, pero el patrón de herencia es complejo, ya que su patogénesis puede ser el resultado de la interacción de variantes en múltiples genes con factores medioambientales. Los estudios genéticos sobre DM1 han permitido identificar loci de suceptibilidad que se denominan IDDM, así para DM1A se encontró el primer locus (IDDM1 en la región HLA-DR/DQ, situada en 6p21, que modula el efecto de otros genes implicados en la enfermedad, el segundo (IDDM2 se localiza en 11p15 donde se encuentra el gen de la Insulina. Es decir, DM1 presenta gran heterogeneidad genética, de tal manera, que se han identificado más de 18 loci implicados en susceptibilidad a ella, entre ellos 3 en el cromosoma 2 (IDDM 7,12 y 13 y uno en el cromosoma 14 (IDDM11, este último asociado a DM1B. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en la búsqueda de loci en los cromosomas 2 y 11 involucrados en la susceptibilidad a DM, en 3 familias antioqueñas, para lo cual se realizó análisis de ligamiento paramétrico a 23 marcadores microsatélites en el cromosoma 2 y a 18 en el cromosoma 11. A las familias, codificadas como DM1(11afectados, familia 1 (2 afectados y familia10 (3 afectados, se les realizó simulación para determinar el poder para hacer análisis de ligamiento y los resultados mostraron que presentaban suficiente poder para realizarlo, puesto que en DM1 la razón de disparidad máxima (Lod score o Z máximo fue de 3.57, sin recombinación (?=0, el cual es superior a 3, el valor aceptado para determinar ligamiento, y al tomar las tres familias en conjunto se obtuvo un Z máximo de 5.76. Con el análisis de ligamiento para el cromosoma 11, se halló que solo en la familia 10 se presentaba un valor positivo de Z; 1.18 al marcador D11S925 con ?=0, muy superior al de la simulación de esta familia (0.75, con respecto al cromosoma 2, se obtuvieron valores de Z positivos al marcador D2S319 en DM1 y

  19. Evaluation of some garlic (Allium Sativum L.) mutants resistant to white rot disease by RAPD analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nabulsi, I.; Al-Safadi, B.; Mir ali, N.; Arabi, M.I.E.

    2002-01-01

    Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to evaluate genetic diversity among eight garlic mutants resistant to white rot disease (Sclerotium cepivorum) and two controls. Twelve of 13 synthetic random primers were found to identify polymorphism in amplification products. Mutants characterised with moderate resistance to white rot were closely related to the control using cluster and correlation analyses. On the other hand, highly resistant mutants were quite distant from the control with low correlation coefficients. The banding patterns produced by primer OPB-15 (GGAAGGGTGTT) with highly resistant mutants may be used as genetic markers for early selection of resistant plants. (author)

  20. Caracterización inmunofenotípica de pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda

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    Daily Pino Blanco

    Full Text Available Introducción: la leucemia mieloide aguda incluye un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias caracterizadas por una expansión clonal de mieloblastos, cuya clasificación involucra varios criterios, incluidos los inmunológicos. Objetivo: caracterizar el inmunofenotipo de los pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda evaluados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de los pacientes diagnosticados con este tipo de leucemia, cuyas muestras de sangre fueron procesadas en el Departamento de Inmunología en el período 2008-2012. Se usó un ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico que utiliza un panel de anticuerpos monoclonales específicos de antígenos mieloides y linfoides. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, subtipo de leucemia y expresión de marcadores inmunológicos, cuyas asociaciones fueron analizadas con los estadígrafos Chi-cuadrado y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: se estudiaron 58 pacientes, 28 del sexo femenino y 30 del masculino. El grupo de edad predominante fue de 0 a 9 años con una mediana de 26 años. El subtipo M4 resultó el más frecuente (30,4 %. Los subtipos M4 y M7 predominaron en niños, mientras que el M0, predominó en adultos, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p d»0,05. La combinación de los antígenos panmieloides CD13 y CD33 se presentó en el 91 % de los enfermos. Las combinaciones de CD13/CD33, CD14/CD15, CD33/CD14 y CD33/CD15 mostraron correlación significativa. En el 20,6 % de los pacientes evaluados, fueron detectados, además, antígenos linfoides. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo y la edad. El antígeno CD7 fue el más expresado, seguido de los antígenos: CD3, CD20, CD22 y CD79, en igual proporción. Conclusiones: el inmunofenotipaje celular demostró ser un procedimiento útil para confirmar el diagnóstico morfológico y clínico de la leucemia mieloide aguda.