WorldWideScience

Sample records for con epilepsia focal

  1. TUMORES CEREBRALES ASOCIADOS A EPILEPSIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. Manuel G. Campos

    2017-05-01

    La Resonancia Magnética de cerebro es mandatoria en el estudio de todo paciente con epilepsia, para detectar lesiones estructurales, especialmente en epilepsia focal. Alrededor del 30% de los pacientes operados de epilepsia refractaria presentan tumores. En estos casos el control de crisis post-operatorio llega hasta un 70% en el seguimiento a largo plazo.

  2. ¿Migraña o epilepsia? Cómo identificar y diferenciar las epilepsias occipitales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Castaño Parra

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available Las epilepsias focales idiopáticas de la infancia constituyen el 30-35% de todas las epilepsias en el rango de edad de 2 a 10 años. La más frecuente de todas es la epilepsia benigna de la infancia con espigas centrotemporales, denominada también Rolándica. En segundo lugar se encuentran las epilepsias occipitales que, aunque son relativamente infrecuentes, se deben conocer para hacer el diagnóstico y diferenciarlas de otras entidades más frecuentes como la migraña con aura. Entre las epilepsias occipitales se deben diferenciar las formas .sintomáticas. (que tienen causas conocidas de las idiopáticas (genéticas. En las primeras se logra demostrar una lesión estructural en el sistema nervioso central (SNC que puede explicar la epilepsia. Las epilepsias idiopáticas occipitales benignas de la infancia se dividen de acuerdo con la edad de inicio, el cual puede ser temprano, conocida también como tipo Panayiotopoulos, o tardío, también denominada tipo Gastaut. Hay una tercera forma de epilepsia idiopática aún no aceptada por muchos autores, la cual es una combinación de las dos anteriores, con un patrón electroencefalográfico específico. La migraña con aura presenta algunas características que permiten al clínico diferenciarla de las epilepsias occipitales.

  3. Aspectos clínicos y electroencefalográficos de la epilepsia focal en el niño Clinical and electroencephalographic features of focal epilepsy present in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Albia Pozo Alonso

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar un grupo de pacientes con epilepsias focales, según aspectos clínicos y electroencefalográficos. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 185 niños con diagnóstico de epilepsia focal (2 o más crisis epilépticas no provocadas, con edades entre un mes y 14 años, que fueron hospitalizados en el Departamento de Neuropediatría del Hospital «William Soler» entre diciembre de 2001 y diciembre de 2003. RESULTADOS. La edad media de inicio de la primera crisis epiléptica fue de 5 años. El tipo de crisis epiléptica focal más frecuente fue la simple (49,2 %. El 48,6 % de los niños presentó etiología idiopática y el 33,0 % sintomática. Los factores de la etiología sintomática más frecuentes fueron los prenatales (56,2 %. El 91,4 % de los pacientes presentó electroencefalogramas iniciales interictales anormales. El electroencefalograma focal se observó en el 37,3 % de los niños y el multifocal en el 24,9 %. El síndrome epiléptico más frecuente fue la epilepsia benigna con puntas centrotemporales (5,9 %. CONCLUSIONES. Los niños con epilepsia focal tienen variadas manifestaciones clínicas y electroencefalográficas, y en la mayoría de los pacientes no es posible identificar un síndrome epiléptico.INTRODUCTION: The aim of present paper was to characterize a group of patients presenting with focal epilepsies by clinical and electroencephalographic features. METHODS: Authors made a descriptive and cross-sectional study in 185 children diagnosed with focal epilepsy (two or more non-provoked epilepsy crises, aged from one month to 14, admitted in Neurology Department of "William Soler" Children Hospital between December 2001 to December 2003. RESULTS: Mean age of the first epilepsy crisis was at 5 years. The more frequent type of focal epilepsy crisis was the simple one (49, 2%. The 48, 6% of children presented with a idiopathic origin, and the 33

  4. Comorbilidad del trastorno compulsivo en pacientes con epilepsia

    OpenAIRE

    ÁVILA AVILES,JOSÉ MANUEL

    2004-01-01

    Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes con epilepsia tienen una vida normal, pero problemas neuroconductuales se presentan en un número importante de pacientes y pueden ser síntomas aislados o un verdadero trastorno psiquiátrico. Por esta razón pueden presentarse diagnósticos erróneos de trastorno psiquiátrico o epilepsia. También algunos medicamentos antiepilépticos pueden causar trastorno psiquiátrico. Al menos cinco millones de personas en Latinoamérica sufren de epilepsia y tres millones no r...

  5. Agnosia integrativa causada por una epilepsia focal occipital izquierda: estudio de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Óscar Mauricio Aguilar Mejía

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La agnosia integrativa es un tipo de agnosia visual asociada a lesiones occipitales bilaterales que se caracteriza por la incapacidad para identificar estímulos en fondos complejos, especialmente, cuando se trata de formas superpuestas o entrelazadas. Existen dificultades para codificar y agrupar el todo a partir de las partes del estímulo. Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 14 años, con una agnosia integrativa como consecuencia de una epilepsia focal sintomática refractaria, con un foco epileptogénico occipital izquierdo. Se plantean las características clínicas de la paciente y se hace un análisis de sus procesos de reconocimiento visual discutidos a partir de los diferentes modelos teóricos que tratan de explicar la percepción visual.

  6. Epilepsia de la infancia con paroxismos occipitales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Albia Pozo Alonso

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available Se reporta que la epilepsia de la infancia con paroxismos occipitales constituye un síndrome epiléptico muy bien definido; se incluye en el grupo de las epilepsias idiopáticas relacionadas con localización. Los ataques comienzan habitualmente con síntomas visuales, en ocasiones seguidos por ataques hemiclónicos, parciales complejos y tónicoclónicos generalizados. El electroencefalograma interictal muestra complejos de puntaonda de localización occipital y temporal posterior que desaparecen con la apertura de los ojos. Se presenta una paciente de 8 años de edad que reúne los criterios clínicos y electroencefalográficos de la epilepsia de la infancia con paroxismos occipitales y se enfatiza en la evolución supuestamente benigna de dicho síndrome.Is is reported that epilepsy of childhood with occipital paroxysms is an epileptic syndrome that is well defined. It is included in the group of related idiopathic epilepsies with localization. Seizures habitually begin with visual symptoms, which are ocassionally followed by hemiclonic, complex partial, and generalized tonicclonic seizures. The interictal EEG shows spike-wave complexes of occipital and temporal posterior localization that are suppressed by eye opening. A patient aged 8 in whom the clinical and electroencephalographic criteria of epilepsy of childhood with occipital paroxysms are present is studied in this paper. Emphasis is made on the apparently benign evolution of this syndrome.

  7. Relación entre electroencefalograma y neuroimagen en niños con epilepsia focal de difícil control Relation between electroencephalogram and neuroimaging present in children with epilepsy of difficult control

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ileana Valdivia Álvarez

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. Las epilepsias focales son las más frecuentes en los niños, y la resistencia al tratamiento farmacológico puede estar presente hasta en el 30 % de los pacientes. Se realizó este estudio con el objetivo de dirigir la atención hacia la coincidencia topográfica de los paroxismos electroencefalográficos, con lesiones estructurales demostrables por neuroimagen, para facilitar el diseño de estrategias terapéuticas futuras. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo, con 44 niños con diagnóstico de epilepsia focal de difícil control, ingresados en el Servicio de Neuropediatría del Hospital Pediátrico Docente «Juan M. Márquez», entre enero de 2003 y junio de 2007. Se realizaron estudios por electroencefalograma (EEG al ingreso y videoelectroencefalograma, además de estudios de neuroimagen por tomografía axial o resonancia magnética nuclear. RESULTADOS. Los paroxismos en EEG involucraron el lóbulo frontal hasta en el 68 % de los pacientes. En el 48 % de los pacientes, los paroxismos electroencefalográficos coinciden con zonas de alteración estructural según neuroimagen, más frecuentes en el lóbulo frontal. En el 25 % no hay coincidencia topográfica y en el 27 % no se precisan alteraciones estructurales. CONCLUSIONES. En las epilepsias focales de difícil control se debe prestar especial atención a las zonas elocuentes con coincidencia entre el EEG y la neuroimagen, para evaluar de forma temprana las alternativas quirúrgicas de tratamiento.INTRODUCTION: Focal epilepsies are the more frequent conditions in children and a pharmacologic treatment resistance could be present up to 30% of patients. Aim of present paper was to direct the attention to topographic coincidence of electroencephalographic paroxysms with structural lesions by neuroimaging facilitating the future therapeutical strategies design. METHODS: A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was conducted in 44 children

  8. La Famiempresa, una Opción de Vida para Pacientes con epilepsia y retardo mental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gladys María Carrascal Navarro

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available La rehabilitación integral de personas que padecen epilepsia basada en la investigación individualizada de fallas cognitivas, del lenguaje y la relación con las funciones neuropsicológicas de las zonas del cerebro comprometidas ha sido, y es, la función científica y social de la Fundación Instituto de Rehabilitación para personas con Epilepsia “FIRE”. Desde el marco de la Educación Especial, en el 2007 el FIRE creó un programa el cual es llamado Famiempresa, como una opción de vida para los pacientes alumnos con epilepsia y/o cirugía de epilepsia y retardo mental, Población con alto grado de vulnerabilidad. Este programa es, sin duda alguna, un modelo para otras instituciones que trabajan con personas con discapacidad. Se pretende mostrar en este documento las bondades de este proyecto y los resultados obtenidos desde su creación para beneficio de sus pacientes alumnos.

  9. Frecuencia de Síntomas de Depresión en Pacientes Adolescentes con Epilepsia. Tratados en el Servicio de Consulta Externa de la Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia y Fundación Liga Central Contra La Epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Ñungo

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    *Este artículo está basado en la tesis de especialización de Carolina Ñungo bajo la dirección del segundo y tercer autor. Fragmentos de este artículo fueron presentados como poster en el XIV Congreso Nacional de Epilepsia en Medellín, Colombia, Septiembre de 2008.

    Resumen

    La epilepsia es una condición neurológica crónica que debido a su etiología, mecanismo fisiopatológico, a la clínica y al tratamiento tiene importantes repercusiones en el estado biopsicosocial de las personas que la padecen. En las últimas décadas se ha llamado la atención hacia el deterioro mental, emocional y en general en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes al padecer diferentes trastornos psicológicos. El tipo de comorbilidad psiquiátrica que con mayor frecuencia se diagnóstica en los pacientes con epilepsia es el trastorno depresivo.

    Este estudio permite demostrar que la frecuencia de síntomas de depresión en un grupo de adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años con epilepsia es 4 veces mayor al compararlos con un grupo de personas de la misma edad sin epilepsia. Además el padecer epilepsia es el factor de asociación más importante para presentar síntomas depresivos de forma independiente con respecto a la edad o estrato socioeconómico.

    Debido al tamaño de la muestra (90 pacientes no se pudieron encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas con respecto a los distintos tipos de epilepsia, su evolución y tratamiento, aunque se hallo una mayor tendencia a la depresión en aquellos pacientes con diferentes tipos de crisis (focales y generalizadas, con epilepsia mal controlada y los que requieren politerapia.

    Este el primer estudio en adolescentes realizado en nuestro país que demuestra la relevancia que tiene este tipo de trastornos en nuestros pacientes como se había demostrado en otros estudios a nivel mundial.

    Palabras clave Síntomas depresivos

  10. Función Ejecutiva y Electroencefalografía en tres grupos de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Cabrera-Portieles

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: En niños con epilepsia, las alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas están relacionadas con variables propias de la enfermedad como son la edad de inicio de las crisis, la frecuencia de las mismas y la duración evolutiva del cuadro asociado al uso de fármacos. Objetivos: Comparar los hallazgos en la actividad electroencefalográfíca y alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas en 3 grupos de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de epilepsia. Métodos: Se evaluaron trazados EEG y funciones ejecutivas con (Trail Making Test parte B, FAS fonológico y Prueba de Wisconsin, en 29 pacientes entre 8 y 14 años con diagnóstico de epilepsia divididos en 3 subgrupos (No medicados, Monoterapia y Politerapia. Resultados: De 29 pacientes estudiados, 8 masculinos (62.1% y 11 femeninos (37.9%, edad promedio de inicio de crisis fue 6.59 años, duración promedio de la enfermedad de 4.59 años; se encontraron hallazgos patológicos de tipo focal en los registros EEG de 21 pacientes de los 3 subgrupos (72.4%, con área paroxística frontal en 11 pacientes (37.9% y temporal en 6 pacientes (20.7%. En 16 pacientes encontramos pobre organización de la actividad de base (55.2%. La media total para el FAS fonológico fue de 15.7 ± 6.96 al comparar los grupos con la población general (P= 0.003*.En los grupos de pacientes la media en tiempo para el TMT parte B fue de 92.90 (DE ± 28.91 vs 77.70 (DE ± 23.8 de la población general, encontrándose dentro de los límites normales. En el Test de Wisconsin existen alteraciones a nivel de ejecución en diferentes categorías en niños con epilepsia al ser comparados con la población general (Fallas para mantener el principio p=0.045*. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia sugieren la necesidad de realizar estudios neuropsicológicos y electroencefalografícos de manera periódica; con el fi n de evaluar actividad interictal epileptiforme

  11. Experiencia con la dieta cetogénica como tratamiento en la epilepsia refractaria

    OpenAIRE

    Ramírez Camacho, Alia; Meavilla, Silvia; Catalán, Natalia; Gutiérrez, Alejandra; Campistol Plana, Jaume

    2011-01-01

    Introducción: La epilepsia es una enfermedad neurológica que se controla con fármacos antiepilépticos en la mayoría de casos. Sin embargo, aproximadamente un 25% de epilepsias son refractarias al tratamiento farmacológico. La dieta cetogénica es una de las opciones terapéuticas para este tipo de epilepsia. A pesar del aumento en los últimos años de la popularidad de ésta como tratamiento anticonvulsivo, no se ha establecido un consenso internacional para sus indicaciones y manejo. Objetivo: E...

  12. Neuroimagen en niños con epilepsia de difícil control Children with epilepsy of difficult control: Neuroimaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ileana Valdivia Álvarez

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. Los actuales estudios de neuroimagen representan un gran avance para el diagnóstico etiológico y pronóstico de la epilepsia infantil. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir los hallazgos por tomografía axial y resonancia magnética en niños con epilepsias de difícil control y comparar los resultados de estas técnicas. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo, de 108 niños con diagnóstico de epilepsia de difícil control, ingresados en el Servicio de Neuropediatría del Hospital Pediátrico Docente «Juan Manuel Márquez» entre enero de 2002 y junio de 2006. Se realizaron técnicas imagenológicas por tomografía computarizada (TC y resonancia magnética nuclear (RM. RESULTADOS. Se encontraron alteraciones estructurales del cerebro en el 88 % de los niños, y hubo predominio de lesiones prenatales en la fosa posterior, trastornos de la migración y atrofias secundarias a hipoxia perinatal. Se diagnosticó atrofia cortical localizada, mediante RM, hasta en el 28 % de los niños. CONCLUSIONES. La RM es la técnica de elección para el estudio de pacientes con epilepsia de difícil control, por su especificidad, mayor resolución y relativa inocuidad. Los pacientes con zonas localizadas de atrofia requieren estudios funcionales del cerebro para descartar displasias corticales focales.INTRODUCTION: Current studies of Neuroimaging are a great advance to etiologic and prognostic diagnosis of children epilepsy. The aim of present paper was to describe findings by axial tomography (AT and magnetic resonance (MR in children with epilepsy of difficult control, and to compare results of both techniques. METHODS: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was made in 108 children diagnosed with epilepsy of difficult control, admitted in Neuropediatrics Service of "Juán Manual Márquez" Teaching Children Hospital from January, 2002 to June, 2006. The techniques used were: computed

  13. Sistema de planificación para la colocación de electrodos profundos cerebrales en la evaluación prequirúrgica de la epilepsia focal mediante estereoelectroencefalografía

    OpenAIRE

    Cabrera Parra, Walter

    2016-01-01

    La epilepsia es una enfermedad cerebral crónica que se caracteriza por convulsiones recurrentes originadas por descargas eléctricas de neuronas ubicadas en zonas o estructuras situadas en las láminas de la corteza cerebral. La resección, ablación quirúrgica o radiocirugía es una opción para la epilepsia focal fármaco-resistente. La localización de la estructura o zona epileptógena (ZE) en la epilepsia focal es crucial en el contexto de la cirugía de la epilepsia. La estéreoelectroencefalograf...

  14. Epilepsia y mujer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Andrea Contreras, Dra.

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Hay muchos aspectos por abordar en el manejo de las mujeres con epilepsia, relacionados con su rol en la reproducción. Algunos de éstos necesitan ser considerados en la adolescencia, otros están relacionados con el embarazo, afectando tanto a la madre como a su hijo, y algunos con el ciclo menstrual y la menopausia. Esta revisión considera la epilepsia catamenial, contracepción, fertilidad, teratogenicidad y menopausia. También se discuten los efectos del embarazo en el control de las crisis y los efectos de las crisis sobre el feto.

  15. Tegretol no tratamento da epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Armbrust-Figueiredo

    1968-09-01

    Full Text Available O Tegretol (5-carbamil-5H-dibenzo-b,L-azepina foi usado no tratamento de 68 pacientes com epilepsia; 54 apresentavam epilepsia temporal (42 com crises psicomotoras e 12 com crises complexas, 11 epilepsia focal de projeção não temporal e 3 epilepsia centrencefálica com crises P.M. Resultados satisfatórios foram observados em 82% dos 65 pacientes com epilepsia focal; os 3 pacientes com crises P.M. não foram influenciados pelo tratamento. A ação sobre as manifestações psíquicas que acompanhavam o quadro crítico ou intercrítico das crises ficou bem evidenciada. Os pacientes melhoraram de seus sintomas na grande maioria dos casos, conseguindo adaptar-se melhor no ambiente familiar, profissional e escolar. O efeito sobre as alterações eletrencefalográficas é moderado, e a evolução clínica não acompanha as modificações dos traçados. As doses usadas, em geral de 400 a 600 mg diários, são suficientes para o controle das crises na maioria dos casos e estão muito abaixo dos limites considerados como de segurança. As reações secundárias foram observadas em pequeno número de casos e foram sempre transitórias. O Tegretol representa, em nossa opinião, recurso de valor no trataemnto das epilepsias focais, particularmente nas crises psicomotoras.

  16. Calidad de vida y entorno escolar del niño con epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanquiel Barrios-Hernández

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de calidad de vida es un término que designa un tema de gran interés y trascendencia para el ser humano actual y futuro. El hecho de padecer una enfermedad crónica no transmisible como la epilepsia, de una forma u otra interviene en la calidad de vida de las personas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explicar la influencia que ejerce la enfermedad sobre la calidad de vida cuando es padecida por infantes de edad escolar. Además se pretende demostrar cómo inciden los factores familiar y escolar en la calidad de vida de la población infante con epilepsia. Las personas profesionales de la enseñanza juegan un rol esencial en este afán de que el infante no sea degradado por el medio en el que se desenvuelve, la explicación de esta afirmación resulta otra de las aspiraciones que se tiene con este artículo.

  17. TUMORES CEREBRALES ASOCIADOS A EPILEPSIA

    OpenAIRE

    Dr. Manuel G. Campos

    2017-01-01

    Entre el 20 a 40% de los tumores cerebrales pueden manifestarse primariamente con crisis epilépticas y un 20 a 45% pueden presentar epilepsia durante el curso de la enfermedad. Las crisis pueden ser causadas por el compromiso cortical tumoral, así como en áreas distantes por deaferentación. Las crisis pueden responder a fármacos antiepilépticos o presentarse como epilepsia refractaria a fármacos. Los tumores de más lento crecimiento se asocian a epilepsia de largo tiempo de evolución, pero ha...

  18. Sueño y epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Julia Santín, Dra.

    2013-05-01

    Esta interrelación es recíproca, múltiple y compleja. Incluye dificultades diagnósticas semiológicas entre epilepsia y parasomnias, impacto de algunos trastornos del sueño en el control de la epilepsia, relación del ciclo sueño-vigilia con la aparición de crisis, efecto del sueño en la morfología de las descargas epileptiformes, fragmentación del sueño por crisis nocturnas frecuentes, efectos de la privación de sueño sobre la epilepsia y su rol como activador de descargas epileptiforme y crisis, efectos de los fármacos antiepilépticos en el nivel de vigilancia diurna y en la calidad del sueño nocturno, etc.

  19. LA DISCRIMINACIÓN Y ESTIGMATIZACIÓN A LAS PERSONAS CON EPILEPSIA. SUS DERECHOS HUMANOS Y CIVILES. Ley antidiscriminatoria en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Fandiño-Franky

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Resumen

    Se hace un recuento histórico de la discriminación y estigmatización de las personas con epilepsia desde 500 años antes de Cristo hasta nuestros días. Se enfatiza en la situación de Colombia y se explica en qué consiste el proyecto de ley que se halla para el estudio de la Corte Constitucional. Es un proyecto que básicamente propende por la educación masiva al pueblo colombiano sobre la epilepsia y protege a las personas con epilepsias de la discriminación en todos los actos de su vida, sin desconocer la invalidez que produce.

    Palabras clave: Epilepsia, discriminación, educación.

    Abstract

    We describe the situation of people with epilepsy through the times, from fi fth century B.C. until today. The anti-discriminatory law project that was approved by the Colombian Parliament is now in the Constitutional Court and propends for the human rights and appropriate medical attention for them.

    Key words: Epilepsy, Discrimination, Education. “Nacemos libres e iguales en dignidad y derechos, dotados de razón y conciencia. Debemos comportarnos fraternalmente”. “Derecho a la seguridad social, al trabajo, a la educación”. (Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos. (1

  20. Análisis del Perfil Cardiovascular en Niños y Adolescentes con epilepsia idiopática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Randy Guerra-Olivares

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El uso apropiado de ácido valproico y carbamazepina ha mostrado marcada eficacia para el control de las crisis en pacientes con diagnostico de epilepsia; sin embargo, se ha visto asociado a ciertos efectos secundarios. Entre ellos, cobran especial importancia aquellos que afectan el peso corporal y el perfil bioquímico. Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con epilepsia idiopática, tratados en monoterapia con ácido valproico o carbamazepina. Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal en niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico de epilepsia en monoterapia con alguna de las dos drogas mencionadas, a quienes se les realizó toma de medidas antropométricas como peso y talla, se calculó índice de masa corporal y se tomaron muestras de sangre para realizar cuantificación en suero de la droga, glucemia y perfiles lipídicos. Resultados: Del total de 30 pacientes, 14 fueron medicados con ácido valproico y 16 con carbamazepina, edad promedio del primer grupo, 9,4 años (IC95% 7,0 a 10,9, 50 % género masculino; (IC95% 26,8 a 73,2 recibiendo dosis promedio de de 26,8 mg/kg/día. Grupo carbamazepina, con edades promedio de 10,3 años (IC95% 8,8 a 11,8, 9 pacientes masculinos (56,3 %; IC95% 33,2 a 76,9 y 7 femeninos (43,7 %; IC95% 23,1 a 66,8, recibiendo dosis promedio de 14,1 mg/kg/día (IC95% 12,6-15.7; mínimo 8,8 y máximo 21,3. Del total de niños 26,7 % presentaban retardo de crecimiento y el 73,3 % normalidad. Todos los casos tuvieron glucemias menores de 100 mg/dL y triglicéridos mayores de 100 mg/dL. En el grupo de carbamazepina, 75% presentaban hipercolesterolemia (≥ 170 mg/dL superior al grupo ácido valproico (21,4 %; 3/14; con diferencia de proporciones (IC95% 18 a 74 %; p = 0,003*. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que es necesario considerar las alteraciones del perfi l lipídico en relación del tratamiento con cualquiera de

  1. Tegretol no tratamento da epilepsia Tegretol in the treatment of epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Armbrust-Figueiredo

    1968-09-01

    Full Text Available O Tegretol (5-carbamil-5H-dibenzo-b,L-azepina foi usado no tratamento de 68 pacientes com epilepsia; 54 apresentavam epilepsia temporal (42 com crises psicomotoras e 12 com crises complexas, 11 epilepsia focal de projeção não temporal e 3 epilepsia centrencefálica com crises P.M. Resultados satisfatórios foram observados em 82% dos 65 pacientes com epilepsia focal; os 3 pacientes com crises P.M. não foram influenciados pelo tratamento. A ação sobre as manifestações psíquicas que acompanhavam o quadro crítico ou intercrítico das crises ficou bem evidenciada. Os pacientes melhoraram de seus sintomas na grande maioria dos casos, conseguindo adaptar-se melhor no ambiente familiar, profissional e escolar. O efeito sobre as alterações eletrencefalográficas é moderado, e a evolução clínica não acompanha as modificações dos traçados. As doses usadas, em geral de 400 a 600 mg diários, são suficientes para o controle das crises na maioria dos casos e estão muito abaixo dos limites considerados como de segurança. As reações secundárias foram observadas em pequeno número de casos e foram sempre transitórias. O Tegretol representa, em nossa opinião, recurso de valor no trataemnto das epilepsias focais, particularmente nas crises psicomotoras.Tegretol (5-carbanyl-5H-dibenzo-b,L-azepina was used experimentally in the theatment of 68 epileptic patients; 54 had temporal lobe epilepsy (42 had psychomotor and 12 had complex seizures, 11 had focal non-temporal lobe epilepsy and 3 had P.M. epilepsy. Satisfactory results were obtained in 82 per cent of the 65 patients with focal epilepsy, but failure of the treatment was observed in all cases of P.M. epilepsy. The drug has a very good influence on the critical and intercritical mental phenomena which are frequently present in these patients. The personality of the patient improves and he becomes better adjusted to his family, his work or school. The action of the electroencephalogram

  2. Crisis febriles simples y complejas, epilepsia generalizada con crisis febriles plus, FIRES y nuevos síndromes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noris Moreno de Flagge

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Las convulsiones febriles representan la mayoría de las convulsiones en el niño. Se ha descrito que 2-5% de los niños experimentan convulsiones febriles antes de los 5 años de edad, aunque en algunas poblaciones se ha descrito hasta un 15%. Es una causa común de admisión en pediatría y de preocupación de los padres. Puede ser la primera manifestación de una epilepsia. Un 13% de pacientes que desarrollan epilepsia tienen antecedente de convulsiones febriles y 30% de estos pacientes se presentan con convulsiones recurrentes. Sus características fenotípicas nos permiten, en su gran mayoría, clasificarlas, tomar una actitud terapéutica y elaborar un pronóstico. Se puede describir un espectro de su gravedad desde las convulsiones febriles simples hasta las más complejas como las convulsiones febriles plus que comprenden los síndromes de Dravet y FIRES. En los últimos años se han hecho descubrimientos importantes que definen su carácter genético, entrelazándose cada vez más con diferentes afecciones de tipo epiléptico que nos obliga a un seguimiento neurológico más estrecho de muchos de estos niños con convulsiones febriles. Hacemos una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de actualizar los conocimientos sobre las convulsiones febriles, su pronóstico y su relación con los nuevos síndromes epilépticos.

  3. Presentación del Libro, “Epilepsia. Aspectos Clínicos y Psicosociales”.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Medina Malo

    2006-12-01

    aspectos biológicos. Es excelente porque muestra el equipo que reunió el Dr. Medina, a los integrantes de la Liga contra la Epilepsia, que se ve reflejada en ese aspecto biopsicosocial de la persona con epilepsia.

  4. Bostezo y epilepsia del lóbulo temporal Yawning and temporal lobe epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Muchnik

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal, es aquella epilepsia parcial donde las estructuras temporales límbicas son las responsables de los principales síntomas ictales. Se caracteriza por la recurrencia de crisis parciales simples y complejas con confusión post-ictal y amnesia del evento. El efecto facilitador del sueño No REM en la propagación de las crisis, como las anormalidades del sueño provocadas por la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal, son evidenciadas claramente en nuestros pacientes. El bostezo es un reflejo fisiológico, principalmente inducido por el despertar y el adormecimiento, puede estar asociado a diferentes enfermedades neurológicas. Su relación con la epilepsia de origen límbico, ha sido escasamente mencionada. Describimos en un paciente, un episodio de bostezos y crisis parcial compleja mientras dormitaba. El EEG mostró actividad irritativa focal, independiente y bilateral en regiones temporales medias. Tratado con carbamazepina 400mg/d, no repitió el episodio. Otro paciente presentó crisis parciales complejas secundariamente generalizadas con episodios de bostezos en el período post-ictal, luego de las siestas. El EEG fue normal y la polisomnografía nocturna mostró actividad irritativa sincrónica y bilateral en regiones temporales medias con generalización secundaria. Tratado con divalproato de sodio 750 mg/d, no se registraron nuevos episodios. La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal, el ciclo sueño-vigilia y el bostezo, parecen compartir no solamente las mismas estructuras anatómicas, sino también los mismos mecanismos neuroquímicos. El hecho de que los opiáceos endógenos sean considerados como parte de un sistema protector que inhibe y previene las crisis, permite postular que el bostezo sería la expresión de los mecanismos inducidos por los opiáceos endógenos que inhiben y previenen las crisis de la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal. Otro punto de vista sería presentar al bostezo simplemente como una forma

  5. Epilepsia en menores de 3 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadia Gutiérrez

    1996-08-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron 96 pacientes menores de 3 años, ingresados en el Servicio de Neurología Pediátrica de nuestro Centro, con diagnóstico de epilepsia, con el objetivo de evaluar la aplicación de la clasificación de los ataques, la de Epilepsia y Síndromes Epilépticos aceptados actualmente por la Liga Internacional Contra la Epilepsia (ILAE. En ellos se observó con mayor frecuencia la presentación de ataques parciales (58,3 %, seguido de los generalizados (36,5 % e indeterminados (5 %; no se presentaron diferencias significativas respecto a la distribución de éstos entre menores de 1 año y los comprendidos en edades entre 1 y 3 años. En 28 pacientes se encontraron dificultades para clasificarlos acorde con la de Epilepsia y Síndromes Epilépticos, y se analizaron su distribución y características. Se comentan brevemente los resultados del electroencefalograma (EEG en relación con la actividad paroxística y se presentan los síndromes más frecuentemente observados.96 patients under 3 years old admitted at the Pediatric Neurologic Department of our Center with an epilepsy diagnosis were studied to evaluate the application of the seizure classification into Epilepsy and Epileptic Syndromes, accepted at present by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE. Partial seizures (58,3 % were more frequent among them, followed by generalized seizures (36,5 % and undetermined seizures (5 %. No significant differences were found in connection with their distribution among children under one year old and those between 1 and 3 years old. Difficulties were observed to classify 28 patients according to Epilepsy and Epileptic Syndromes, where as their distribution and characteristics were analyzed. EEG results in relation to the paroxyntic activity are briefly commented and the most observed syndromes are presented.

  6. Rasmussen's encephalitis presenting as focal cortical dysplasia

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Rourke, D.J.; Bergin, A.; Rotenberg, A.; Peters, J.; Gorman, M.; Poduri, A.; Cryan, J.; Lidov, H.; Madsen, J.; Harini, C.

    2014-01-01

    Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare syndrome characterized by intractable seizures, often associated with epilepsia partialis continua and symptoms of progressive hemispheric dysfunction. Seizures are usually the hallmark of presentation, but antiepileptic drug treatment fails in most patients and is ineffective against epilepsia partialis continua, which often requires surgical intervention. Co-occurrence of focal cortical dysplasia has only rarely been described and may have implications regarding pathophysiology and management. We describe a rare case of dual pathology of Rasmussen's encephalitis presenting as a focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and discuss the literature on this topic. PMID:25667877

  7. Rasmussen's encephalitis presenting as focal cortical dysplasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.J. O'Rourke

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare syndrome characterized by intractable seizures, often associated with epilepsia partialis continua and symptoms of progressive hemispheric dysfunction. Seizures are usually the hallmark of presentation, but antiepileptic drug treatment fails in most patients and is ineffective against epilepsia partialis continua, which often requires surgical intervention. Co-occurrence of focal cortical dysplasia has only rarely been described and may have implications regarding pathophysiology and management. We describe a rare case of dual pathology of Rasmussen's encephalitis presenting as a focal cortical dysplasia (FCD and discuss the literature on this topic.

  8. Caracterización de Los Problemas de Aprendizaje en Niños y Adolescentes con Epilepsia Primaria Generalizada en La Liga Central contra la Epilepsia y El Hospital de la Misericordia (Bogotá, Colombia*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lina Marcela Tavera Saldaña

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available

    * Trabajo ganador del Premio Nacional a la Investigación e Epilepsia Margaret Merz de Fandiño 2011. 

    RESUMEN

    Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos específicos del aprendizaje (TEA en una serie de pacientes con epilepsia primaria generalizada.

    Materiales y Métodos: Con dicho diagnóstico se estudió un grupo de 32 niños y adolescentes entre 7 y 17 años, a quienes se les realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica con énfasis en habilidades escolares (lecto-escritura y cálculo.

    Resultados: Se encontró que la frecuencia de problemas de aprendizaje en la población epiléptica estudiada fue del 34,38%. Además, se observó una prevalencia de 40,63% de problemas de atención siendo la atención, esta última y la velocidad de procesamiento las variables neuropsicológicas que más se vieron afectadas.

    Conclusión: Es importante reconocer que los TEA son una comorbilidad frecuente en pacientes con epilepsia, se asocian con una alta tasa de fracaso y deserción escolar. En el grupo de pacientes valorados se observó una frecuencia de TEA más alta que la informada en la población general.

    Palabras clave: ENI (Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil, epilepsia primaria generalizada, trastornos de aprendizaje, trastornos de lectoescritura, trastornos del cálculo.

    ABSTRACT

    Specific Learning Disorders in Children And Adolescents With Generalized Primary Epilepsy Seen At Central League Against Epilepsy and at Mercy Hospital (Bogota, Colombia 

    Objective:To establish the prevalence of specific learning disorders (SLD in a series of patients with primary generalized epilepsy.

    Materials and Methods: A group of 32 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years with above mentioned diagnosis underwent neuropsychological evaluation with emphasis on academic skills (reading, writing

  9. Alteraciones del desarrollo físico y sexual en varones prepúberes y púberes con epilepsia y su asociación con la administración de fármacos antiepilépticos y las características clínicas y paraclínicas de la epilepsia en el HUSVP de Medellín, en 2005-2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Cristina Jaramillo

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available

     

    ANTECEDENTES: se han descrito diversas alteraciones endocrinas y de la salud sexual en adultos y mujeres púberes con epilepsia. En varones púberes hay pocos estudios al respecto y ninguno en Colombia.

    OBJETIVOS: establecer la frecuencia de alteraciones del desarrollo físico y sexual de varones prepúberes y púberes con epilepsia y explorar su asociación con la administración de fármacos antiepilépticos y las características clínicas, electroencefalográficas e imaginológicas.

    MÉTODOS: se evaluaron 29 varones con epilepsia, entre 8 y 18 años, que no recibían esteroides ni tenían retardo mental moderado o grave, parálisis cerebral o trastornos endocrinos. Los datos se obtuvieron de una entrevista estructurada a los padres, de los registros médicos y de una evaluación de la maduración física y sexual (antropometría, Tanner, longitud del pene y volumen testicular.

    RESULTADOS: dos pacientes (6,9% presentaron alteración del desarrollo sexual; 9 (31% tenían alteración del desarrollo físico: sobrepeso 20,7%, obesidad 6

  10. Correlación entre la memoria subjetiva y objetiva episódica en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal medial intratable

    OpenAIRE

    Marilyn Zaldivar Bermúdez; Lilia María Morales Chacón; Otto Trápaga Quincoses; María García Navarro; Abel Sánchez Curuneaux

    2013-01-01

    Introducción. En la literatura científica revisada prevalece una discordancia en las investigaciones sobre la relación entre la memoria subjetiva y objetiva en pacientes con Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal medial intratable (ELTmi). Objetivo. Identificar la existencia o no de relación entre la memoria subjetiva y objetiva episódica en pacientes con ELTmi. Metodología. Se estudiaron 32 pacientes, con edades entre 15 y 60 años, empleándose el método clínico. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructur...

  11. Aspectos psicosociales de la epilepsia infantil Psychosocial aspects of childhood epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Sell Salazar

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La epilepsia es sin duda una dolencia de las más antiguas y enigmáticas en la historia de la medicina, encontrándose relatos de su existencia desde tiempos remotos. Del oscurantismo ancestral hasta el presente se ha ido avanzando de forma importante en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento científico de la epilepsia. El manejo de un niño con epilepsia debe desarrollarse en el marco de un protocolo que incluya una evaluación clínica y de laboratorio detallada. Toda enfermedad crónica, incluida la epilepsia, es vivida como una doble agresión: 1 Interna, ligada a las alteraciones que ella determina, y 2 Externa, en relación con las exploraciones, las medicinas, las prohibiciones, los cuidados excesivos y todas las reglas y apremios que de ella se derivan. El médico (pediatra, neuropediatra o epileptólogo, al iniciar la relación con el niño con epilepsia, va a dotarle de un nuevo estatuto, frecuentemente duro de asumir, interviniendo por lo general ya lejos de la crisis, o poco después de que ella se produjo, en un ambiente todavía cargado de una gran angustia familiar. Sin duda la epilepsia es difícil para el niño, pero igualmente lo es para los padres, los responsables de un cuidado diferente, quienes se van a preocupar todos los días porque su hijo tome regularmente el tratamiento y van a tener que afrontar la espera tensa de nuevas crisis. Más que cualquier otra enfermedad infantil, la epilepsia implica una gran inquietud por su carácter espectacular, por la aparatosidad de su presentación y por todas las creencias ancestrales que todavía hoy se le atribuyen. Por dichas razones, frecuentemente el diagnóstico de epilepsia produce tres reacciones de gran relevancia en la familia: ansiedad, culpabilidad y agresividad. La intervención del médico en el tratamiento de la epilepsia infantil debe ser "integral". Actuando con mística y devoción el médico debe abrazar el verdadero concepto hipocrático del cuidado del paciente

  12. Epilepsia de Lafora

    OpenAIRE

    Núñez D, Carolina; Elso T, María José; Armijo M, José; Ramírez C, Darío; Cartier R, Luis

    2008-01-01

    Clínicamente, la enfermedad de Lafora es una forma de epilepsia mioclónica progresiva, autosómica recesiva. Se desarrolla debido a la mutación del gen que codifica para la laforina y/o la malina, las cuales están involucradas en la regulación del metabolismo del glicógeno. Los corpúsculos de Lafora que identifican la enfermedad están compuestos por agregados densos de poliglicano que se encuentran en inclusiones tanto en el cerebro, como en otros tejidos. Describimos una mujer de 18 años con ...

  13. Questionnaire study of primary care physicians’ referral patterns and perceptions of patients with epilepsy in a Brazilian city, 2005 Encuesta sobre los patrones de remisión y las percepciones de los médicos de atención primaria con respecto a los pacientes con epilepsia en una ciudad brasileña, 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Teixeira Müller

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available A una muestra de médicos de familia del Programa de Médicos de Familia de Niterói, Río de Janeiro, Brasil, se aplicó en abril de 2005 un cuestionario autoadministrado para determinar la percepción de los médicos de atención primaria sobre la calidad del servicio para epilepsia y los patrones de remisión y su opinión sobre la atención que se brinda. Los encuestados consideraron que los neurólogos deben ser los responsables del diagnóstico y de la prescripción inicial de medicamentos antiepilépticos, mientras que los médicos de familia se deben responsabilizar de la atención subsiguiente. Los encuestados informaron estar insatisfechos con sus conocimientos sobre la epilepsia y los medicamentos antiepilépticos. Se consideró que los profesionales mejor calificados para la atención de la epilepsia son los neurólogos (58,9%, seguidos de los médicos de familia (35,7%. Casi todos los encuestados consideraron que los lineamientos y seminarios mejoraron su capacidad para atender a sus pacientes. Los encuestados no se sentían seguros de la atención que brindaban a los pacientes con epilepsia y por lo general los remitían al neurólogo. Sin embargo, el Programa de Médicos de Familia tiene un potencial inexplotado para tratar a los pacientes con epilepsia, debido al interés de estos profesionales en mejorar su calificación.

  14. DISPLASIAS CORTICALES COMO CAUSA DE EPILEPSIA Y SUS REPRESENTACIONES EN LAS IMÁGENES

    OpenAIRE

    Gálvez M, Marcelo; Rojas C, Gonzalo; Cordovez M, Jorge; Ladrón de Guevara, David; Campos P, Manuel; López S, Isabel

    2009-01-01

    La epilepsia es una alteración neurológica crónica caracterizada por crisis convulsivas recurrentes y espontáneas, que clínicamente se clasifican como generalizadas o parciales, dentro de las cuales aproximadamente el 30% de los pacientes con epilepsia parcial son refractarios al tratamiento médico. Dentro del grupo refractario debemos descartar la presencia de una displasia cortical como causa subyacente de las crisis. Las displasias corticales son un tipo de malformaciones del desarrollo co...

  15. Manejo terapéutico actual de la epilepsia refractaria a los medicamentos antiepilépticos clásicos

    OpenAIRE

    Tania García Arias; Indira López Gutiérrez; Lourdes María García Illán

    2015-01-01

    La epilepsia es una afección frecuente del sistema nervioso central y una de las primeras causas de morbilidad neuropediátrica. Un problema terapéutico actual es el número de pacientes con epilepsia refractaria a los medicamentos antiepilépticos clásicos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica actualizada, empleando los servicios disponibles en la red Infomed, sobre los nuevos enfoques terapéuticos de la epilepsia refractaria a los antiepilépticos clásicos. En la literatura se evidencia cómo s...

  16. Manejo terapéutico actual de la epilepsia refractaria a los medicamentos antiepilépticos clásicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tania García Arias

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available La epilepsia es una afección frecuente del sistema nervioso central y una de las primeras causas de morbilidad neuropediátrica. Un problema terapéutico actual es el número de pacientes con epilepsia refractaria a los medicamentos antiepilépticos clásicos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica actualizada, empleando los servicios disponibles en la red Infomed, sobre los nuevos enfoques terapéuticos de la epilepsia refractaria a los antiepilépticos clásicos. En la literatura se evidencia cómo se ha revolucionado el tratamiento médico y el pronóstico, al complementar el manejo tradicional de esta entidad con la introducción de los antiepilépticos de segunda generación o nuevos antiepilépticos

  17. Indicaciones quirúrgicas de la epilepsia en la niñez Surgical indications in pediatric epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Isabel Bragatti Winckler

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de presentar el seguimiento de los pacientes ambulatorios de la clínica de epilepsia refractaria del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA, Brasil, se hizo una revisión de la literatura de las epilepsias y síndromes epilépticos del niño y del adolescente, las indicaciones quirúrgicas y los métodos de evaluación. Los casos de epilepsia recomendados por la Subcomisión de Cirugía de la Epilepsia Pediátrica de la Liga Internacional Contra las Epilepsias para evaluación quirúrgica son: displasia cortical, esclerosis tuberosa, polimicrogiria, hamartoma hipotalámico, síndromes hemisféricos, síndromes de Sturge-Weber, Síndrome de Rasmussen, Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner y otras situaciones como tumores o alteraciones vasculares. Se recomienda la formación de centros de referencia que cuenten con métodos de evaluación funcional y de neuroimagen, así como equipo multidisciplinario formado por neurólogos, neurocirujanos, neurofisiólogos, neuropediatras, neuropsicólogos, patólogos, neurorradiólogos y técnicos en electroneurofisiología que mantengan los estándares impuestos de forma estricta. La formación de estos centros en países en desarrollo parece viable, con la cooperación de las regiones con mayores recursos. Numerosos estudios han demostrado una mejoría de la calidad de vida con reducción en la frecuencia de crisis diarias. En el HCPA se desarrolla un estudio de seguimiento ambulatorio de casos de epilepsias refractarias todavía en investigación y tratamiento clínico. La cirugía de la epilepsia es potencialmente curativa y es posible utilizarla en la población infantil.With the goal of presenting follow-up data from patients seen at the Refractory Epilepsy out-patient clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA, Brazil, we reviewed the literature on childhood and adolescent epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with indication for surgical treatment. The International League

  18. Factores de riesgo en epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José William Cornejo Ochoa

    1990-03-01

    Full Text Available e analizaron 1.961 encuestas correspondientes a 1.131 casos de epilepsia y 830 controles, con el objeto de medir la asociación entre
    esta enfermedad y las siguientes variables: factor heredo-familiar, riesgo obstétrico, infecciones del sistema nervioso central, infecciones virales de la infancia y trauma del cráneo. Se validó el formulario analizando la presencia de infecciones urinarias, la colaboración a la entrevista y la duración de ésta; no se hallaron, en tales aspectos,
    diferencias significativas entre los casos y los controles.

  19. Tratamiento Quirúrgico de la Epilepsia Farmacorresistente. 20 años de experiencia de la Fundación Centro Colombiano de Epilepsia y Enfermedades Neurológicas.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ginna de la Rosa-Manjarrez

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    Resumen

    Propósito: Presentar nuestra experiencia y describir las características clínicas, los desafíos quirúrgicos y el resultado de la cirugía de las epilepsias en pacientes adultos y niños.

    Método: Análisis retrospectivo de 552 cirugías de epilepsia realizadas en la Fundación Centro Colombiano de Epilepsia y Enfermedades Neurológicas entre 1989 y 2008, de un total de 750 cirugías.

    Resultados: Desde 1989 hasta 2009 se han realizado 750 cirugías de epilepsia. 552 pacientes, cumplían con todos los criterios de la inclusión para el estudio en mención. Todas las resecciones quirúrgicas fueron realizadas por el mismo neurocirujano (JFF y todos los pacientes ingresaron al mismo protocolo. El control postoperatorio de las crisis tuvo un rango de 30% al 70% dependiendo del tipo de intervención quirúrgica. La morbilidad y la mortalidad estuvieron en el orden del 1%.

    Conclusión: La evaluación de los pacientes con epilepsia medicamente intratable debe estar a cargo de un grupo de especialistas en epilepsia dentro de centro especializado en cirugía de epilepsia. No hay restricciones en la edad para la cirugía de la epilepsia, ni restricciones en relación al síndrome epiléptico y el tipo de intervención. El control de las crisis alcanza porcentajes de éxito hasta del 70% en los pacientes postquirúrgicos, sin embargo es variable si la meta de la cirugía es paliativa o curativa. La rehabilitación es fundamental para la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Nuestra experiencia fortalece la continuidad de los programas de cirugía de epilepsia.

    Palabras clave: Epilepsia, cirugía.

    Summary

    Object: To present the experience of a center in epilepsy surgery and to describe the clinical characteristics, surgical challenges, and outcome in epilepsy surgery.

    Methods: Retrospective analysis of

  20. Sueño y epilepsia

    OpenAIRE

    Julia Santín, M.

    2013-01-01

    La relación entre epilepsia y sueño ha sido descrita desde hace más de dos mil años. Es así como Aristóteles en “Sobre el Sueño y la Vigilia” describe “tanto el sueño como la epilepsia atacan, y en ese sentido el sueño es una crisis. Consecuentemente en muchos casos la epilepsia comienza en el sueño y hay hombres que convulsionan durante el sueño pero no cuando están despiertos”. En tanto Hipócrates menciona en uno de sus aforismos “miedos, furia, delirio, saltos de la cama y convulsiones dur...

  1. Sequential motor task (Luria's Fist-Edge-Palm Test in children with benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes Tarefa motora sequencial (Teste de Lúria punho-lado-palma em crianças com epilepsia focal benigna da infância com descarga centrotemporal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego Miziara

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluated the sequential motor manual actions in children with benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS and compares the results with matched control group, through the application of Luria's fist-edge-palm test. The children with BECTS underwent interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT and School Performance Test (SPT. Significant difference occurred between the study and control groups for manual motor action through three equal and three different movements. Children with lower school performance had higher error rate in the imitation of hand gestures. Another factor significantly associated with the failure was the abnormality in SPECT. Children with BECTS showed abnormalities in the test that evaluated manual motor programming/planning. This study may suggest that the functional changes related to epileptiform activity in rolandic region interfere with the executive function in children with BECTS.Esse estudo avaliou ações motoras manuais sequenciais em crianças com epilepsia focal benigna da infância com descarga centrotemporal (EBICT e comparou os resultados com o grupo controle pareado, através do teste de Lúria (punho-lado-palma. As crianças com EBICT realizaram single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT interictal e Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos nas atividades motoras de três movimentos iguais e três movimentos diferentes. As crianças com piores resultados no TDE e com SPECT alterado apresentaram mais erros no teste de imitação manual. Crianças com epilepsia fracassaram nos testes de avaliação motora que envolvem programação/planejamento. Esse estudo sugere que mudanças funcionais relacionadas à atividade epileptiforme na região rolândica interfere com as funções executivas de crianças com EBICT.

  2. Epilepsia e Comorbilidades Psiquiátricas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Filipa Novais Araújo

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A epilepsia é uma doença neurológica crónica prevalente. Devido a fatores biológicos, psicológicos e sociais, os afetados pela doença apresentam maior susceptibilidade de desenvolvimento de morbilidades psiquiátricas. Objetivos: Revisão crítica da associação entre epilepsia e patologia psiquiátrica, permitindo aos clínicos uma abordagem mais consciente e informada. Métodos: Os artigos incluídos foram seleccionados através da base de dados Pubmed com a query “((“Epilepsy”[Mesh] AND “Mental Disorders”[Mesh] AND “Comorbidity”[Mesh]”. Adicionalmente foram consultados relatórios oficiais da Internacional League Against Epilepsy e World Health Organization. Resultados e Conclusões: Cerca de 15% a 70% dos doentes com epilepsia apresentam patologia psiquiátrica, que pode ser classificada em peri-ictal ou inter-ictal. A depressão é a patologia mais frequente, podendo ter uma prevalência de 70%, seguida das perturbações de ansiedade. A relação entre epilepsia e psicose poderá dever-se ao papel etiológico comum da patologia cerebral subjacente. As crises não epiléticas psicogénicas configuram um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico, tendo uma apresentação clínica sugestiva de crises epiléticas mas sem as alterações eletrofisiológicas correspondentes, podendo surgir em doentes com e sem epilepsia. Apesar da sua heterogeneidade, os diferentes estudos globalmente evidenciam uma prevalência aumentada de patologia psiquiátrica em doentes com epilepsia. A natureza da relação entre estas patologias ainda não está inequivocamente esclarecida, revelando a insuficiência de conhecimento sobre esta temática. O presente trabalho reforça a necessidade da intervenção multidisciplinar por parte da neurologia, psiquiatria e psicologia, em indivíduos com epilepsia e patologia psiquiátrica concomitante.

  3. Correlação entre atrofia hipocampal e déficit de memória em pacientes com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial

    OpenAIRE

    Denise Pacagnella

    2012-01-01

    Resumo: A Epilepsia de Lobo Temporal Mesial (ELTM) é a forma mais frequente de epilepsia focal em adultos e geralmente está associada à atrofia hipocampal (AH) identificável pela ressonância magnética (RM) de alta resolução. Consiste em uma síndrome frequentemente refratária ao tratamento clínico e os pacientes podem apresentar déficits de memória devido a danos no sistema hipocampal, porém pouco se sabe a respeito do impacto da frequência de crises sobre a memória. Portanto, os objetivos do ...

  4. Epilepsia partialis continua responsive to neocortical electrical stimulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valentin, Antonio; Ughratdar, Ismail; Cheserem, Beverly; Morris, Robert; Selway, Richard; Alarcon, Gonzalo

    2015-08-01

    Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), defined as a syndrome of continuous focal jerking, is a rare form of focal status epilepticus that usually affects a distal limb, and when prolonged, can produce long-lasting deficits in limb function. Substantial electrophysiologic evidence links the origin of EPC to the motor cortex; thus surgical resection carries the risk of significant handicap. We present two patients with focal, drug-resistant EPC, who were admitted for intracranial video-electroencephalography monitoring to elucidate the location of the epileptogenic focus and identification of eloquent motor cortex with functional mapping. In both cases, the focus resided at or near eloquent motor cortex and therefore precluded resective surgery. Chronic cortical stimulation delivered through subdural strips at the seizure focus (continuous stimulation at 60-130 Hz, 2-3 mA) resulted in >90% reduction in seizures and abolition of the EPC after a follow-up of 22 months in both patients. Following permanent implantation of cortical stimulators, no adverse effects were noted. EPC restarted when intensity was reduced or batteries depleted. Battery replacement restored previous improvement. This two-case report opens up avenues for the treatment of this debilitating condition. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 International League Against Epilepsy.

  5. Percepções de pais sobre a epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Silian Mandu Fonseca

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: comparar o conhecimento que os responsáveis e/ou familiares das crianças diagnosticadas com epilepsia e aquelas com outros diagnósticos possuem em relação a esse distúrbio. Método: este foi um estudo clínico descritivo transversal, que ocorreu através da aplicação da segunda parte do "Inventário Simplificado de Qualidade de Vida na Epilepsia Infantil". Resultados: participaram do estudo 83 indivíduos, sendo 36 do grupo de familiares de crianças com epilepsia e 47 do grupo de crianças com outros diagnósticos. O medo de a língua ser engolida durante uma crise epiléptica está presente em 55,5% dos familiares de crianças com epilepsia e 61,7% dos familiares das crianças do outro grupo. Conclusão: diante disso, é fundamental haver uma política de saúde e educação que envolva capacitação e conscientização sobre a Epilepsia.

  6. Parasitosis y Micosis del Sistema Central como Causa de Epilepsia en Adultos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Jiménez Arango

    1987-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Nos corresponde hoy tratar el tema de las micosis y parasitosis del sistema nervioso central en relación con uno de los múltiples síntomas o complejos sindromáticos que pueden ocasionar: la epilepsia, se trata de uno de los síntomas más frecuentes en estas enfermedades y, en general, en las enfermedades encefálicas, y es el resultado de múltiples procesos fisiopatológicos que se producen en el cerebro. Puede la epilepsia ser síntoma de una enfermedad aguda o subaguda, o puede ser una de las secuelas, y a veces la única, de una enfermedad cuyo proceso activo ya ha terminado.

    Con el objeto de buscar cierta coherencia en la presentación del tema, mencionaremos en primer lugar los procesos patológicos, síndromes y lesiones, varios de ellos comunes a muchas micosis y parasitosis, que pueden dar lugar al cuadro epiléptico. En seguida nos referiremos con mayor detalle a cuatro enfermedades o grupos de enfermedades que tienen particular importancia entre nosotros desde el punto de vista clínico y epidemiológico: las micosis, la toxoplasmosis del adulto, el paludismo cerebral y la cisticercosis.

    Como ha sido ampliamente expuesto, las micosis y parasitosis del sistema nervioso central comprenden un gran número de entidades...

  7. Epilepsia em um hospital psiquiátrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. C. Trevisol-Bittencourt

    1990-09-01

    Full Text Available Um recenseamento de epilepsia foi realizado no Hospital Colônia Sant'Ana, a maior instituição psiquiátrica do Estado de Santa Catarina. Este estabelecimento é mantido pela Secretaria de Saúde do Estado e usualmente encontra-se em regime de superlotação, aceitando pacientes sofredores dos mais diferentes tipos de transtornos mentais e provenientes de todas as partes do Estado. Pacientes com epilepsia, apresentando ou não manifestações psiquiátricas, são também freqüentemente internados. Foram identificados 171 pacientes com epilepsia de um total de 1126 internados, dando a alta prevalência de 152/1000. Além destes foram encontrados mais 23 pacientes «disrítmicos cerebrais» em uso de drogas anti-epilépticas sem, entretanto, terem epilepsia. Polifarmácia sedante era o esquema terapêutico adotado na maioria dos pacientes e nomenclatura bizarra era utilizada para definição das crises. Ao menos 85 dos pacientes com epilepsia não apresentavam qualquer justificativa médica para seu confinamento em ambiente psiquiátrico. A utilização exagerada de medicação sedante e a convivência forçada com psicóticos poderiam ser responsabilizadas não só pela persistência das crises mas, também, pelas alterações cognitivas e comportamentais observadas em grande parte dos pacientes. Paradoxal e surrealmente tais «alterações psiquiátricas» justificavam a perpetuação desta pseudoterapia que, ao invés de integrar o paciente na sociedade, o isola em estruturas fechadas. A criação de ambulatórios para abordagem multidisciplinar parece ser a única alternativa frente a essas concepções equivocadas que transformam o geralmente benigno sintoma epilepsia em devastadora doença mental.

  8. Statistical model of intensity noise in con focal fluorescence microscopy images

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Montereali, R.M.; Almaviva, S.; Franzini, I.; Somma, F.

    2008-01-01

    The visible photoluminescence of aggregate F2 and F3+ color centers in Lithium Fluoride (LiF) thin layers, grown by thermal evaporation on various substrates (either crystalline or not) with different thicknesses, can be efficiently observed by using an optical con focal fluorescence microscope and a laser pump with emission wavelength tuned at about 450 nm. Starting from con focal fluorescence images of uniformly colored LiF samples, an automatic routine for the estimation of photoluminescence intensity noise has been developed at the Solid State Laser Laboratory and Spectroscopy of the ENEA Research Center in Frascati. We reported experimental results about application of that routine to the photoluminescence of LiF thin films, uniformly irradiated with an X-ray tube with energy spectrum centered on the Cu K? emission line (8,03 keV), at the CNR-IFN in Rome, that allow to identify a suitable statistical model for his description [it

  9. A epilepsia nos tumores cerebrais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Marques-Assis

    1969-03-01

    Full Text Available De 411 casos de tumores cerebrais foram estudados 86 (19,4% que apresentaram manifestações epilépticas. A epilepsia foi estudada quanto à duração, ao tipo de manifestação e à severidade, em relação à natureza e à localização dos tumores cerebrais. A análise dos resultados permitiu aos autores chegarem às seguintes conclusões: 1 a epilepsia incidiu em 19,4% dos casos; 2 o oligodendroglioma, as metástases carcinomatosas e o glioblastoma multiforme foram, pela ordem, os tumores mais epileptogênicos; 3 as áreas frontal, parietal e temporal foram, nessa ordem, as localizações mais epileptogênicas; 4 os carcinomas metastáticos predominaram nos casos com epilepsia com menos de um ano de evolução, enquanto que os astrocitomas predominaram nos casos com mais de três anos; quanto à topografia, predominou a região frontal no primeiro grupo e a temporal, no segundo; 5 nas formas mais severas de epilepsia predominaram os oligodendrogliomas e os meningeomas, quanto à natureza, e a região frontotemporal e a foice, quanto à localização; 6 os craniofaringeomas e os meduloblastomas foram os tumores que mais freqüentemente determinaram o aparecimento de convulsões puras; nesses casos, a sela túrsica e a fossa posterior foram as sedes mais freqüentes; 7 os carcinomas metastáticos e os meningeomas, quanto à natureza, e as regiões frontoparietal e parietal, quanto à localização, foram os mais freqüentemente encontrados nos casos com crises de tipo bravais-jacksoniano.

  10. Diagnóstico de la epilepsia en la infancia Epilepsy diagnosis present in childhood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolás Garófalo Gómez

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available La epilepsia constituye el trastorno neurológico crónico tratable de mayor frecuencia en la infancia. Su diagnóstico es usualmente fácil, pero en la práctica clínica ocurren errores con relativa frecuencia, al no existir un marcador diagnóstico confiable. En el presente artículo se explica el proceso de diagnóstico de la epilepsia en la infancia, que no depende de un solo factor y que debe estar guiado por la historia clínica como elemento esencial.Epilepsy is the more frequent chronic neurologic disorder easy to treat in childhood. His diagnosis is commonly easy to made but in clinical practice occur relative errors provoked by lack of a reliable diagnosis. In present paper is explained the diagnostic process of epilepsy in childhood, but it not depends of a unique factor and that must to be directed by medical record as an essential element.

  11. Factores pronósticos de recurrencia de la epilepsia focal en el niño Prognostic factors of recurrence of focal epilepsy in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Albia Pozo Alonso

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los factores pronósticos de recurrencia de las crisis epilépticas focales a los 2 años del diagnóstico y del inicio del tratamiento. MÉTODOS. Este estudio observacional, analítico y prospectivo incluyó a 207 niños que presentaron dos o más crisis epilépticas focales no provocadas, hospitalizados en el Departamento de Neuropediatría del Hospital «William Soler», entre diciembre de 2001 y diciembre de 2003. Al final de los 2 años de seguimiento, 185 pacientes concluyeron el estudio. RESULTADOS. El 33,5 % de los pacientes presentó recurrencias de las crisis epilépticas focales al finalizar el estudio. Constituyeron factores de riesgo de recurrencia de las crisis epilépticas focales los siguientes: edad menor de un año, etiología sintomática, presencia de antecedentes personales de crisis neonatales sintomáticas y discapacidades neurológicas y la persistencia de descargas en el electroencefalograma (EEG evolutivo. El análisis de regresión logística demostró como variables pronósticas de recurrencia la etiología sintomática (p = 0,000; OR = 3,107, el antecedente personal de crisis neonatales sintomáticas (p = 0,037; OR = 4,623 y la persistencia de descargas en el EEG evolutivo (p = 0,000; OR = 2,109. CONCLUSIONES. El antecedente personal de crisis neonatales sintomáticas constituyó el factor independiente con mayor influencia en las recurrencias de las crisis epilépticas focales.INTRODUCTION: The objective of present paper was to determine the recurrent prognostic factors of focal epileptic crises at 2 years of diagnosis and of treatment onset. METHODS: This prospective, analytical and observational study included 207 children presenting two or more non-provoked epileptic crises, admitted in Neuropediatrics Department of "William Soler" Hospital between December, 2001 and December, 2003. At a two years follow-up, 185 patients concluded the study. RESULTS: The

  12. Premio Nacional de Epilepsia “Margaret Merz de Fandiño”.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Malagón Londoño

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    Este premio, creado con el objetivo de reconocer a los investigadores colombianos comprometidos en el estudio de lo relacionado con las ciencias epileptológicas, es también una manera de estimular al talento humano estudioso y dedicado a aportar su óptimo esfuerzo intelectual para alivio de un padecimiento que afecta directamente a una numerosa población de compatriotas y con ellos impacta a ocho millones de colombianos si contamos la influencia que sobre las familias ejerce esta patología, identificada en 800 mil personas.

    El Premio, aprobado hace dos años en la Asamblea de socios activos de la Liga Colombiana contra la Epilepsia, es una vez más fruto del esfuerzo y tenacidad del Académico Jaime Fandiño Franky, eminente científico de las neurociencias y apóstol de una de las causas que inciden en la situación de los más necesitados en Colombia.

    La labor iniciada por Fandiño Franky hace ya cuatro décadas en la ciudad de Cartagena, con el ánimo de diagnosticar, investigar, tratar, hacer seguimiento y rehabilitación de las víctimas y su entorno familiar, ha llevado a la más ambiciosa realización científica, docente y asistencial, con el montaje primero de una infraestructura física plasmada en un centro de 13.000 metros cuadrados para enfrentar este problema de salud pública, bastante relegado tradicionalmente, pero merecedor por sus proporciones, de una consideración y manejo especiales, que de no prodigarlos el estamento oficial, lo afronta una organización altruista y generosa con Fandiño Franky y Margaret Merz, su esposa, a la cabeza.

    Con el tiempo su organización fue creciendo no sólo física sino cualitativamente con el empleo de las más modernas tecnologías para diagnóstico y tratamiento hasta convertirse en un centro piloto orgullo de Colombia y pionero en Latinoamérica del manejo integral, iniciado con la identificación del paciente y culminado con la rehabilitaci

  13. Teachers perception about epilepsy Percepção de professores sobre epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula T. Fernandes

    2007-06-01

    percepção dos professores do ensino fundamental a respeito da epilepsia, antes e depois de um curso específico sobre o tema. MÉTODO: Participaram da pesquisa professores de nove escolas da rede pública do ensino fundamental de Barão Geraldo, distrito de Campinas, SP. Dois pesquisadores reuniram-se com os professores e apresentaram a Campanha Global "Epilepsia fora das sombras", momento também em que os questionários foram aplicados. Vinte professores ficaram motivados para fazer o curso de extensão "Temas transversais: epilepsia e saúde". Após este curso, os questionários foram re-aplicados. RESULTADOS: Foram aplicados 100 questionários em professores das nove escolas, sendo que: noventa e sete professores eram do sexo feminino, idade média de 42 (D.P. 22 a 63 e 64 estavam casados. Quarenta e três professores declararam possuir conhecimento sobre epilepsia abaixo da média e 20, disseram possuir um pobre conhecimento sobre a condição. No que diz respeito à idéias sobre epilepsia, os professores acham que: as crianças com epilepsia tem QI igual (45%, na média (18%, abaixo da média (6% e não sabem opinar (29%; crianças com epilepsia têm maior chance de terem doença mental no futuro (51%; a epilepsia é uma doença (68%; a epilepsia é contagiosa (1%; a epilepsia é tratável (90%. Após o curso, crenças e mitos sobre epilepsia dos professores mostraram diferenças significativas. DISCUSSÃO: Idéias errôneas sobre epilepsia podem ser mudadas através de cursos educacionais sobre epilepsia. Este trabalho, realizado com professores do ensino fundamental, visou a identificação das dificuldades relacionadas à epilepsia para promover a redução do estigma. É importante que professores sejam melhor instruídos sobre a epilepsia para consequentemente, ter atitudes mais positivas em relação às crianças com epilepsia. Acreditamos que professores mais capacitados melhoram a maneira de lidar e de se relacionar com crianças com epilepsia, para a

  14. Genes e epilepsia I: epilepsia e alterações genéticas Genes and epilepsy I: epilepsy and genetic alterations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel L. G. Gitaí

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Epilepsia é uma desordem neurológica caracterizada por crises espontâneas e recorrentes, que afeta de 2% a 3 % da população mundial. As crises epilépticas refletem atividade elétrica anormal e paroxística, preferencialmente em uma ou várias áreas do córtex cerebral, que podem ser causadas por inúmeras patologias estruturais ou neuroquímicas. Dentre os importantes estudos das últimas décadas no campo da epileptologia, destaca-se a identificação de genes associados a certos tipos de epilepsia. OBJETIVO: Nesta revisão, descrevemos as principais alterações genéticas associadas ao processo epileptogênico, discutindo as mais recentes descobertas e suas contribuições para a compreensão das bases genéticas das epilepsias idiopáticas monogênicas (EIM e das epilepsias geneticamente complexas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Estudos de ligação e associação mostram que alterações em genes que codificam canais iônicos são as principais causas genéticas das epilepsias idiopáticas monogênicas e de predisposição nas epilepsias geneticamente complexas. Além disso, as síndromes nas quais a epilepsia é um aspecto importante do quadro clínico podem ser provocadas por genes envolvidos em diferentes vias celulares, tais como: migração neuronal, metabolismo de glicogênio e cadeia respiratória. Portanto, acredita-se que diferentes categorias de genes possam atuar na determinação do traço epiléptico. A identificação de tais famílias de genes não apenas nos ajudará a entender as vias moleculares associadas à hiperexcitabilidade neuronal e ao processo epileptogênico, mas também poderá conduzir ao desenvolvimento de novas e mais precisas estratégias de tratamento da epilepsia.INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures with an estimated prevalence of 2-3 % in the world population. Epileptic seizures are the result of paroxystic and

  15. Ação indesejável de terapêutica antiepiléptica em paciente com epilepsia e descargas focais de "maturação" Undesirable effect of antiepileptic therapy in a patient with functional muturational epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Geraldo Speciali

    1973-09-01

    Full Text Available É relatada a incidência de epilepsia não convulsiva com características eletrencefalográficas de síndrome de Lennox em paciente de 4 anos de idade tratada com difenilhidantoina. A criança, ao iniciar o tratamento, era acometida por epilepsia convulsiva com atividades paroxísticas focais múltiplas no eletrencefalograma. Com base na observação de formas de transição entre epilepsias benignas e graves da infancia destacou-se o papel da terapêutica no estabelecimento de epilepsia iatrogênica com características malignas.The incidence of non-convulsive epilepsy with electroencephalographic features of Lennox syndrome is related in a 4 years old patient treated with diphenyl-hydantoin. The child had convulsive epilepsy associated with focal multiple spikes in the electroencephalogram at the beginning of the treatment. Based on the observation of transitional forms of benign and severe childhood epilepsies the role of the drug in the establishment of severe yatrogenic epilepsy is discussed.

  16. Papel de la monitorización electroencefalográfica continua en el diagnóstico de la epilepsia pediátrica Role of continuous EEG monitoring in the diagnosis of pediatric epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agustín Legido

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El diagnóstico de la epilepsia es fundamentalmente clínico, pero frecuentemente se plantea el diagnóstico diferencial con fenómenos no epilépticos. El desarrollo de la monitorización EEG continua (MEEGC en las últimas dos décadas ha permitido mejorar el diagnóstico de pacientes epilépticos de todas las edades. En este trabajo se revisan los datos de la literatura sobre la eficacia de los distintos tipos de MEEGC en el diagnóstico de la epilepsia pediátrica, resaltando especialmente nuestra experiencia personal. En nuestros estudios, la MEEGC ambulatoria suplementada con video permitió contestar la pregunta que determinó su petición en el 80% de pacientes diagnosticados de epilepsia y en el 83% de aquéllos con sospecha diagnóstica de epilepsia. Con la MEEGC ambulatoria asistida por ordenador, dichas cifras fueron 88% y 89%, respectivamente y con la MEEGC intrahospitalaria con video fueron 82% y 51%, respectivamente. La MEEGC intrahospitalaria con video es crucial en la evaluación de pacientes con epilepsia, candidatos al tratamiento quirúrgico. La MEEGC es también importante en pacientes con encefalopatías agudas ingresados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. La MEEGC, tanto ambulatoria como intrahospitalaria, es muy útil en el diagnóstico diferencial de fenómenos clínicos epilépticos y no epilépticos y en la confirmación del tipo de epilepsia o síndrome epiléptico. Los avances tecnológicos y el desarrollo de nuevas modalidades de EEG en el futuro, harán que la electroencefalografía siga siendo una técnica muy importante en el estudio de la función cerebral en pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas agudas o crónicas.The diagnosis of epilepsy is basically clinical, but it frequently raises the differential diagnosis with non-epileptic events. The development of continuous EEG monitoring (CEEGM in the past decades has allowed a better diagnosis of epileptic patients of all ages. In this paper we review the

  17. Diagnostic methods for extra-temporal neocortical focal epilepsies: present and future Métodos diagnósticos das epilepsias focais neocorticais extratemporais: presente e futuro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo André Amorim Leite

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available The progress of epilepsies diagnosis has been great, but, amongst the diagnostic detailing that demand research, one of the most important is the essential lateralization and localization of epileptogenic zone, considered as the cerebral cortex region, that removed, will result in a free state of seizures. The present study aims to analyze the possible uses of proton spectroscopy for clinical and pre-surgical evaluation of focal extratemporal epilepsies, since this group presents the highest difficulty degree for lateralizing and locating epileptogenic zones. In almost all cases, a non invasive diagnosis can be performed using routine electroencephalography, video-electroencephalography - considered as gold standard, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, when the results of these exams are contradictory, some patients need invasive techniques, as the intra-cranial video-EEG, using deep electrodes, sub-dural strip and grid, that are associated with increased diagnostic cost and risk of complications, as cerebral hemorrhages and intra-cranial infections. Proton spectroscopy appears as a possibility, given its capacity to evaluate cerebral metabolism, by N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA, creatine (Cre and choline (Cho concentrations, amongst other metabolites. This non invasive method may provide time reduction of this evaluation and reliable level improvement for this topographical diagnosis.Tem sido grande o progresso no diagnóstico das epilepsias, mas dentre os detalhamentos diagnósticos a exigir pesquisas, estão a lateralização e a localização precisas da zona epileptogênica, considerada como a região do córtex cerebral que, removida, irá resultar num estado livre de crises. Por meio de revisão da literatura, o objetivo deste estudo é expor e analisar os métodos diagnósticos das epilepsias neocorticais extratemporais, dadas as características que as tornam mais complexas do que as epilepsias temporais visto que estas apresentam o

  18. Epilepsia Ausencias en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (1998-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Espinoza Quinteros

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la epilepsia-ausencias en niños en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo. Se identificaron los pacientes con diagnóstico de ausencias del Servicio de Neuropediatría atendidos desde enero de 1998 hasta diciembre del 2002. Criterios de inclusión: manifestaciones clínicas de ausencias y Electroencefalograma característico. Exclusión: pacientes con lesiones cerebrales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 pacientes (6.4% del total. La edad promedio al inicio de enfermedad fue 6.6 años, sexo femenino: 54.5% y tiempo de enfermedad antes del diagnóstico: 12.5 meses. Presentaron antecedente familiar de convulsiones 30.3% y antecedente de eventos perinatales adversos 18.2%. El 39.4% de pacientes presentó ausencias simples y 60.6% ausencias complejas. El 36.4% tuvo inicialmente un patrón electroencefalográfico bilateral asimétrico que posteriormente se tornó simétrico. Todos recibieron ácido valproico pero en 6% se tuvo que cambiar de medicación debido a efectos adversos y 12% tuvieron que recibir terapia combinada por falta de control. Edad, sexo, tipo de crisis, EEG, antecedentes familiares o perinatales, no influyeron en las características clínicas, electroencefalográficas o respuesta terapéutica. Conclusión: Las ausencias representan 6.4% de todas las epilepsias. La edad promedio es de 6.6 años, los antecedentes familiares están presentes en 30.3% de los pacientes y los eventos adversos perinatales en 18.2%. Las ausencias complejas con automatismos son las más frecuentes y el ácido valproico es un tratamiento efectivo. El tiempo de enfermedad antes del diagnóstico fue 12.5 meses por lo cual se recomienda mayor difusión a nivel de padres, educadores y personal de salud para diagnóstico y control oportunos. (Rev Med Hered 2004; 15:89-95.

  19. Perfil neuropsicológico em doentes com epilepsia do lobo temporal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Marques

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT é o tipo de epilepsia refractária mais comum nos adultos. Existe um consenso quanto ao compromisso da memória na ELT com esclerose hipocampal. Contudo, no que respeita a outras funções como é o caso da atenção, funções executivas, rendimento intelectual e linguagem, o consenso não é tão generalizado. Para este estudo analisámos retrospectivamente um grupo de 76 doentes com epilepsia refractária, 48 doentes com epilepsia do lobo temporal (23 com lateralização à direita e 25 com lateralização à esquerda e 28 doentes com epilepsia extratemporal. Aplicámos uma batería de provas utilizada no âmbito do programa da Cirurgia da Epilepsia do Hospital de Egas Moniz em Lisboa, Portugal. Os resultados mostram que a bateria aplicada apresenta consistência interna no âmbito da avaliação dos doentes com ELT. Encontrámos que os doentes com ELT apresentam um padrão generalizados de défices, o que pode ser indicativo de compromisso noutras áreas, para além do hipocampo. Um achado que consideramos pertinente foi o facto da memória verbal com interferência (memoria a longo termo se manter adequada, sugerindo que esta função não está comprometida na ELT. Em suma, para além do padrão generalizado de défices cognitivos, também conseguimos observar o impacto da doença ao nível das variáveis sociodemográficas, assim como establecer uma relação com os achados neurobiológicos anteriormente descritos na literatura.

  20. Menkes Disease Presenting with Epilepsia Partialis Continua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tamer Rizk

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Aim. We aim to describe a female patient with Menkes disease who presented with epilepsia partialis continua. Case Presentation. Seventeen-months-old Saudi infant was presented with repetitive seizures and was diagnosed to have epilepsia partialis continua. Discussion. Menkes disease (OMIM: 309400 is considered a rare, X-linked recessive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a mutation in the gene coding for the copper transporting ATPase (ATP7A. Affected individuals usually present with kinky hair, skeletal changes, prolonged jaundice, hypothermia, developmental regression, decreased tone, spasticity, weakness, and therapy resistant seizures. Conclusion. Raising awareness of abnormal presentation of this rare disease may help in the control of seizures through subcutaneous copper supplementation.

  1. Tratamento clínico da epilepsia resistente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benito Pereira Damasceno

    1988-12-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudados 34 casos de epilepsia de difícil controle, encaminhados ao Grupo de Trabalho de Epilepsia (GTE do Instituto de Neurologia de Goiânia de 1984 a 1986. Todos eram submetidos a reavaliação neurológica. Vinte e três dos 34 pacientes tinham crises parciais complexas. A maioria foi tratada com carbamazepina, difenil-hidantoína e ácido valpróico, em forma monoterápica ou associada entre si. Obteve-se redução de mais de 80% da freqüência das crises em 22 pacientes (64,7%, além de leve melhora da qualidade de vida. Os autores concluem sobre as vantagens de uma equipe especializada, multidisciplinar, na abordagem da epilepsia rebelde e ressaltam a necessidade de: a. um correto diagnóstico das crises, seguido do uso da medicação apropriada, por tempo suficiente (mínimo de 0 meses e em dose adequada (até a dose máxima tolerável, abandonando-a só depois do controle de sua concentração sérica; b. um bom engajamento do paciente e de sua família no tratamento.

  2. Menstrual cycle worsening of epileptic seizures in women with symptomatic focal epilepsy Piora de crises epilépticas durante o período menstrual em mulheres com epilepsia focal sintomática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Carolina Belini Bazán

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Hormonal fluctuation is responsible for worsening of epileptic seizures during the menstrual cycle. OBJETIVE: To identify irregularities in the menstrual cycles of women with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE and extratemporal focal epilepsy (ETFE and correlate the frequency of seizures during the menstrual cycles. METHOD: We evaluated prospectively women in the menacme with MTLE and ETFE. Calendars were provided for these patients, and they were asked to mark their seizure frequency according to the menses. Calendars were reviewed in each routine medical appointment. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients with MTLE and 14 with ETFE were evaluated. We registered 211 cycles in the patients with MTLE and 49 in those with ETFE. Irregular menstrual cycles were found in 28 (28/39, 71.7% patients with MTLE and 6 (6/14, 42.8% with ETFE (p=0.052. Premenstrual seizure worsening was observed in 46 (21.8% patients with MTLE and 9 (18.3% with ETFE (p=0.596. Menstrual worsening was observed in 47 (22.2% patients with MTLE and 15 (30.6% with ETFE (p=0. 217. Ovulatory worsening was observed in 36 (17% patients with MTLE and 13 (26.5% with ETFE (p=0,126. Catamenial worsening was observed in 58 (27.4% of the patients with MTLE and in 17 (34.7% of the patients with ETFE (p=0.315. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the group of patients with MTLE and ETFE regarding the frequency of irregular cycles and seizure worsening during the premenstrual, menstrual, catamenial or ovulatory periods.INTRODUÇÃO: Admite-se que a flutuação hormonal seja a responsável para a piora de crises epilépticas no período catamenial. OBJETIVO: Identificar irregularidades nos ciclos menstruais de mulheres com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial (ELTM e epilepsia focal extratemporal (EFET; e relacionar a frequencia de crises durante o ciclo menstrual. MÉTODO: Avaliamos mulheres na menacme, que apresentem quadro clínico laboratorial compatível com ELTM e EFET. Foram

  3. Demencia frontotemporal no familiar y epilepsia generalizada Frontotemporal dementia non familial and generalized epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricio Fuentes

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta un paciente de 62 años, sin antecedentes familiares de demencia, que a los 45 años debuta con crisis súbitas de disnea, visión borrosa, caída al suelo y movimientos repetitivos de brazos. Tratado por epilepsia con fenitoína y ácido valproico, repite esporádicamente crisis semejantes. Hace 4 años sus familiares notan cambios de personalidad, irritabilidad y conductas obsesivas. Hace 2 años aparecen episodios de desorientación de días de duración, algunos con alucinaciones auditivas y también fenómenos convulsivos. Ultimamente presenta crisis polimorfas, algunas con prolongada alteración de conciencia, estados catatoniformes y relajación esfinteriana. Examen físico y neurológico sin anormalidades. Evaluación neuropsicológica evidenció consistentes defectos en funciones frontales. EEG mostraron lentitud generalizada y actividad irritativa esporádica en regiones frontotemporales. Atrofia cortical de predominio anterior en CT scan e hipoperfusión fronto-temporal bilateral en SPECT. Exámenes de laboratorio y LCR normales. CONCLUSIÓN: La asociación de DFT con epilepsia, en forma no familiar, sugiere un síndrome neurodegenerativo cortical diferente.A 62 year-old patient is presented, without family antecedents of dementia who begins with 45 years of age with sudden crisis of dyspnea, blurred vision, fall to the floor and repetitive jerks of arms. Tried by epilepsy with phenytoin and valproate repeats similar crisis sporadically. Four years ago their relatives began to notice changes of personality, irritability and obsessive behaviors. Later on, are added episodes of disorientation of days of duration, some with auditory hallucinations and also convulsive manifestations. Finally appear polymorphic crisis, some with continue alteration of consciousness, catatonic states and sphincteric incontinence. Physical and neurological examination without abnormalities. Neuropsychological evaluation evidenced consistent

  4. Epilepsia y anticonceptivos

    OpenAIRE

    Burgos S., Nelson; Parra A., Manuel

    2004-01-01

    La epilepsia es una enfermedad neurológica que puede afectar a la mujer en edad fértil. Es conocido que las terapias anticonvulsivantes pueden disminuir la efectividad de los anticonceptivos hormonales. Los principales mecanismos son una mayor estimulación del sistema enzimático hepático de la citocromo P450 y el aumento de los niveles de la globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales. Como consecuencia se produce una disminución de los niveles disponibles de los anticonceptivos hormonales,...

  5. Fundación Premio Nacional de Epilepsia “Margaret Merz de Fandiño”

    OpenAIRE

    Jaime Fandiño-Franky

    2009-01-01

    La Fundación se creó para apoyar e incentivar a los investigadores jóvenes colombianos en el estudio de las ciencias del saber relacionadas con la epilepsia.

    Por largos años un grupo de personas naturales y jurídicas han tenido la intención de fomentar entre los jóvenes investigadores colombianos la investigación en las ciencias epileptológicas, ya sea en el aspecto médico, jurídico, de derechos humanos, rehabilitación y en general cualquier rama del saber humano. L...

  6. El negativo de la epilepsia: un ejercicio intelectual de ciencia-ficción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Cerda S.

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Históricamente han sido muchos los esfuerzos destinados al estudio y tratamiento de la Epilepsia, entendiéndola de manera general como una manifestación patológica, propia de una enfermedad. Se pretende crear en el presente ensayo un espacio de reflexión destinado a pensar esta admitida “patología” más bien como una función protectora del organismo con un cierto valor biológico. Se aportan argumentos que apuntan a que el cuadro en sí no necesariamente constituye manifestación de muerte, daño o deterioro de funciones a nivel neuronal o cognitivo.

  7. Aspectos genéticos de las epilepsias: una visión actualizada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iscia Lopes-Cendes, M.D., PHD

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Es reconocido que los factores genéticos están involucrados en la etiología de diversas epilepsias, sin embargo los genes causales se han logrado identificar principalmente en las epilepsias monogénicas, que representan sólo el 1 a 2% de los síndromes epilépticos. El presente artículo describe algunos de los principales genes identificados hasta el momento en los síndromes mendelianos y no mendelianos. También se hace mención de los principales genes involucrados en la etiología de las malformaciones del desarrollo cortical y de las epilepsias mioclónicas progresivas.

  8. 100 years of Epilepsia: landmark papers and their influence in neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hermann, Bruce

    2010-07-01

    As part of the 2009 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Centenary Celebration, a special symposium was dedicated to Epilepsia (100 Years of Epilepsia: Landmark Papers and Their Influence). The Associate Editors were asked to identify a particularly salient and meaningful paper in their areas of expertise. From the content areas of neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry two very interesting papers were identified using quite different ascertainment techniques. One paper addressed the problem of psychosis in temporal lobe epilepsy, whereas the other represents the first paper to appear in Epilepsia presenting quantitative assessment of cognitive status in epilepsy. These two papers are reviewed in detail and placed in historical context.

  9. Comorbidities associated with epilepsy and headaches Comorbidades associadas às epilepsias e cefaleias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thalles P. Ferreira

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Comorbidities are often associated with chronic neurological diseases, such as headache and epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: To identify comorbidities associated with epilepsy and headaches, and to determine possible drug interactions. METHODS: A standardized questionnaire with information about type of epilepsy/headache, medical history, and medication was administered to 80 adult subjects (40 with epilepsy and 40 with chronic headache. RESULTS: Patients with epilepsy had an average of two comorbidities and those with headache of three. For both groups, hypertension was the most prevalent. On average, patients with epilepsy were taking two antiepileptic medications and those with headache were taking only one prophylactic medication. Regarding concomitant medications, patients with epilepsy were in use, on average, of one drug and patients with headache of two. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and headaches, have a high number of comorbidities and they use many medications. This may contribute to poor adherence and interactions between different medications.As comorbidades geralmente estão associadas a doenças neurológicas crônicas, tais como cefaleia e epilepsia. OBJETIVOS: Identificar comorbidades associadas à epilepsia e cefaleia e determinar as possíveis interações de drogas. MÉTODOS: Questionário padronizado com informações sobre o tipo de epilepsia/cefaleia, os antecedentes médicos e as medicações foi aplicado a 80 indivíduos adultos (40 com epilepsia e 40 com cefaleia crônica. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com epilepsia e cefaleia apresentaram uma média de duas e três comorbidades, respectivamente, sendo, para ambos, hipertensão arterial sistêmica a mais prevalente. Em média, os pacientes com epilepsia estavam em uso de duas medicações antiepilépticas; aqueles com cefaleia, uma medicação profilática. Em relação às medicações concomitantes, os pacientes com epilepsia estavam em uso

  10. Epilepsia e Gravidez: Evolução e Repercussões

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lorenzato Roberta Zago

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: avaliar a evolução da epilepsia durante a gestação e a ocorrência de malformações nos recém-nascidos de mães epilépticas, que usaram drogas anticonvulsivantes durante a gestação. Avaliar as características perinatais relacionadas ao peso ao nascer e Apgar dos recém-nascidos. Métodos: foram analisados 126 prontuários de pacientes epilépticas atendidas no Ambulatório de Gestação de Alto Risco do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia HC-FMRP-USP. Por meio da pesquisa de prontuário foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: idade, paridade, diagnóstico quanto ao tipo de crise epiléptica, droga anticonvulsivante usada durante o pré-natal, evolução das crises epilépticas durante o pré-natal, tipo de parto e idade gestacional na resolução e caraterísticas perinatais dos recém-nascidos. Foram excluídas da avaliação de evolução da epilepsia durante a gravidez as pacientes que não freqüentaram o pré-natal do HC-FMRP-USP. Resultados: a porcentagem de gestantes portadoras de epilepsia neste estudo foi de 0,2% em relação às pacientes em seguimento no pré-natal no HC-RP. A epilepsia parcial simples foi o tipo mais freqüente, com 40% casos. No tratamento, a monoterapia esteve presente em 75% dos casos e a carbamazepina foi a droga mais utilizada. Das pacientes que puderam ser avaliadas (111 gestantes quanto à evolução da doença durante a gravidez, 53% não sofreram modificação, 31% pioraram e 16% apresentaram melhora. O parto normal foi realizado em 62,5% dos casos, com resultado perinatal satisfatório na avaliação do índice de Apgar e com taxa de recém-nascido de baixo peso acima dos valores de populações de baixo risco. Não foram observadas malformações fetais. Conclusões: a epilepsia apresentou evolução favorável durante a gestação, não tendo sido agravada pela mesma; os casos em que houve piora do quadro são associados com epilepsia de difícil controle antes da gestação. A

  11. Abordaje de la epilepsia en la infancia.: Parte I

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Álvarez Fumero

    1997-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo cumple el objetivo de exponer algunas consideraciones que deben tener en cuenta los médicos de la familia, pediatras y neurólogos, en el manejo integral del niño con epilepsia. Insistimos en la importante información que aporta la anamnesis y la realización de un exhaustivo examen físico neurológico. Resaltamos el valor del examen del fondo de ojo y de la piel y sus anexos. Mostramos las ventajas, desventajas e indicaciones de los estudios imagenológicos, exhortando a su utilización más racional. Alertamos sobre el uso rutinario de los estudios de biometría hemática, pruebas metabólicas en orina y examen del líquido cefalorraquídeo, en el diagnóstico de la epilepsia. Mencionamos los recientes avances de la cibernética aplicada a la neurología. Consideramos útil la valoración multidisciplinaria de estos niños.Some of the considerations that should be taken into account by family physicians, pediatricians and neurologists in the comprehensive management of children with epilepsy are exposed. Emphasis is made on the important information obtained from the anamnesis and from an exhaustive physical and neurological examination. The value of the examination of the fundus oculi, the skin and its adnexa is stressed. The advantages, disadvantages and indications of the images studies are shown, encouraging their more rational use. A warning is given on the rutinary use of hematic biometry studies, metabolic tests in urine and cerebrospinal examination in the diagnosis of epilepsy. The latest advances of cybernetics applied to neurology are also mentioned. The multidisciplinary evaluation of these children is considered as useful.

  12. Avaliação pelo P300 de crianças com e sem epilepsia e rendimento escolar

    OpenAIRE

    VISIOLI-MELO,JUCELEI F.; ROTTA,NEWRA TELLECHEA

    2000-01-01

    Dificuldade de aprendizagem é situação comum em crianças com epilepsia. Distúrbios da inteligência têm sido associados com epilepsia. O potencial cognitivo (P300) é um adjunto clínico para mensurar neurofisiologicamente o processo cognitivo. Foram estudadas 99 crianças com 10 anos a 11 anos e 11 meses. Do Grupo I, sem epilepsia, faziam parte 64 crianças, das quais 32 com bom rendimento e outras 32 com mau rendimento escolar. Do Grupo II, com epilepsia, faziam parte 35 crianças, sendo 21 com b...

  13. Epilepsia y desarrollo sexual en adolescentes = Epilepsy and sexual development in adolescents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carrizosa Moog, Jaime

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Los efectos de las epilepsias y de los fármacos antiepilépticos en el desarrollo sexual de los adolescentes han sido poco estudiados. Las epilepsias per se pueden alterar los ritmos de secreción de las hormonas del eje hipotálamo-hipofisiario y contribuir a que se altere la evolución puberal. Los fármacos antiepilépticos pueden afectar la talla en ambos sexos y producir cambios en el tamaño testicular y en la longitud del pene. En las mujeres adolescentes existen los riesgos del síndrome de ovario poliquístico y de la epilepsia catamenial. En los hombres se pueden afectar la fertilidad y el desempeño sexual. Es necesario hacer más estudios sobre este asunto, que incluyan los efectos de los nuevos medicamentos anticonvulsivantes.

  14. Consideraciones quirúrgicas propias de la epilepsia en niños

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. Campos P. Manuel

    2013-11-01

    Entre el 25 al 33% de los niños presentan epilepsias resistentes a fármacos y la mitad de ellos son candidatos para iniciar un estudio prequirúrgico. En Chile, aproximadamente 347 niños al año necesitarían cirugía, pero no se operan más de 50 casos al año. Si a esto agregamos los casos rezagados de los años anteriores, significa que hay miles de niños que esperan por una cirugía de la epilepsia. Este artículo revisa el estado del arte actual.

  15. Construcción del concepto de especie focal a través de una indagación con escarabajos coprófagos: propuesta metodológica

    OpenAIRE

    Echeverri Tique, José Javier

    2011-01-01

    La propuesta metodológica para la construcción del concepto de especie focal a través de la indagación con escarabajos coprófagos, se fundamenta en el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas y la indagación científica articulada con el monitoreo biológico con escarabajos coprófagos y su función como bioindicadores en la construcción de conocimiento. / Abstract. The proposed methodology for the construction of the focal species concept through inquiry and dung beetles, is based on problem-based learni...

  16. Lateralização da área epileptogênica através de ressonância magnética na epilepsia do lobo temporal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.C. Sandmann

    1994-09-01

    Full Text Available Métodos especiais de MRI foram utilizados em 5 pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal refratários ao tratamento clínico, com a finalidade de localizar a área epileptogênica. Imagens coronais com espessura de 5 mm foram obtidas da borda posterior do tronco cerebral até a base do lobo frontal, utilizando-se as sequências "Inversion Recovery T1" (TR=2500 msec, TE=26 msec, TI=600 msec para avaliar perda de estrutura interna e atrofia do hipocampo e morfologia do lobo temporal; Spin-echo T2w (TR=2500 msec, TE=120 msec visando a avaliar sinais de alta intensidade anormais. Em 2 casos com focos esquerdos no EEG, a MRI mostrou atrofia, perda de estrutura interna e aumento de sinal no hipocampo, e atrofia do lobo temporal anterior, ipsilateralmente. Um caso com focos bilaterais independentes no EEG teve atrofia, perda da estrutura interna e aumento de sinal no hipocampo direito. Um caso com EEG focal direito mostrou atrofia em ambos os lobos temporais anteriores. Outro caso não mostrou anormalidades. Concluimos que esta metodologia pode facilitar a indicação cirúrgica em epilepsia do lobo temporal.

  17. Recomendaciones para el manejo clínico pediátrico de la dieta cetogénica en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria

    OpenAIRE

    Alberti, María J; Agustinho, Ariela; Argumedo, Laura; Armeno, Marisa; Blanco, Virginia; Bouquet, Cecilia; Cabrera, Analía; Caraballo, Roberto; Caramuta, Luciana; Cresta, Araceli; de Grandis, Elizabeth S; De Martini, Martha G; Diez, Cecilia; Dlugoszewski, Corina; Escobal, Nidia

    2016-01-01

    La dieta cetogénica constituye el tratamiento no farmacológico de eficacia probada más utilizado en la última década para el manejo de la epilepsia refractaria en la población pediátrica. En comparación con el agregado de un nuevo fármaco a un tratamiento preexistente, esta terapia es altamente efectiva, con una reducción de las crisis de entre un 50% y un 90% en aproximadamente 45%-60% de los niños tras 6 meses de tratamiento. Es por ello por lo que la Sociedad Argentina de Neurología Infant...

  18. Epilepsia e arte: relação, interação ou conseqüência = Epilepsy and art: relation, interaction or consequence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Khan, Richard Lester

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar estudos envolvendo epilepsia e arte, mostrando o sofrimento, alegria, criações e adversidades destes com a epilepsia. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica (Medline, Lilacs, selecionando aspectos sobre epilepsia e arte. Conclusão: O texto discorre sobre a vida e obras de grandes nomes da arte que tiveram suas vidas marcadas e influenciadas pela epilepsia; e suas manifestações sociais, psíquicas e físicas

  19. Getting a scientific paper published in Epilepsia: an editor's perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schwartzkroin, Philip A

    2013-11-01

    Getting a paper published in Epilepsia depends first and foremost on the quality of the work reported, and on the clarity and convincingness of the presentation. Papers should focus on important and interesting topics with clearly stated objectives and goals. The observations and findings are of greatest interest when they are novel and change our views on the mechanisms and/or treatment of an epileptic disease. Studies should be carefully designed to include adequate sample size, comparison groups, and statistical analyses. Critically, the data must be clearly presented and appropriately interpreted. If followed, these recommendations will improve an author's chances of having his/her paper accepted in a high quality journal like Epilepsia. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 International League Against Epilepsy.

  20. Causas de epilepsia tardia em uma clínica de epilepsia do Estado de Santa Catarina Etiologies of late-onset epilepsy in an epilepsy clinic of Santa Catarina - Southern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MARCELO RIGATTI

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar em nossa sociedade as etiologias mais prováveis de epilepsia iniciada após os 18 anos de idade. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo na CME/SUS de Florianópolis de 1990 à 1998, analisando 120 prontuários de pacientes com epilepsia tardia, isto é, aqueles que iniciaram suas crises epilépticas dos 18 anos em diante. As variáveis coletadas foram: idade da primeira crise, etiologias prováveis, história mórbida familiar. RESULTADOS: A prevalência encontrada para epilepsia tardia foi 29,48%.Epilepsias parciais sintomáticas foram majoritárias e as etiologias mais frequentes e relevantes encontradas foram: cisticercose com cerca de 20%, trauma crânio encefálico com 15%, convulsão febril na infância com 5% e 35% da amostra foi classificada como idiopática. CONCLUSÃO: prevalência de epilepsia de início tardio em nossa sociedade é 29,48%, cifra ligeiramente superior à relatada em países desenvolvidos (25%. Muito provavelmente, esta diferença é consequência do caráter epidêmico de cisticercose entre nós. Além disso, trauma crânio encefálico e crises febris são etiologias comuns. Profilaxia de epilepsia é viável e urgentemente necessária em nosso Estado.OBJECTIVE: To identify the most common etiologies of late-onset epilepsy in our society. METHOD: Retrospective and descriptive study in the CME/SUS of Florianópolis from 1990 to 1998, evaluating 120 handbooks of patients with late-onset epilepsy, that is, those that had initiated epileptic seizures of the 18 years in ahead. The collected variables were: age of the first seizure, etiologies and morbid familial history. RESULTS: The prevalence rate found for late-onset epilepsy was 29.48%. Most of the sample had partial symptomatic epilepsy and the most frequent and important were: cysticercosis with 20%, head trauma with 15%, febrile convulsions in infancy with 5% and 35% were classified as idiopatic. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of late

  1. Procedimento educativo na epilepsia infantil Educational procedure in infantile epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Teixeira Fernandes

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available A epilepsia é uma condição neurológica crônica que afeta o comportamento do paciente e traz dificuldades psico-sócio-culturais. O trabalho em grupos visa melhorar a interação pais-filhos, através de informações adequadas sobre a epilepsia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, através dos grupos de apoio (procedimento educativo, esclarecer aspectos relacionados à epilepsia e avaliar a eficácia destes grupos na identificação e na melhora das variáveis psicológicas. Foram aplicados 36 protocolos (pré e pós-testes que avaliaram sentimentos, crenças e comportamentos dos pais e filhos. Foram observados sentimentos de mágoa e medo, tristeza e rejeição, que foram associados a superproteção e falta de limites. Depois do grupo, 91,6% dos pais relataram ter adquirido mais conhecimento sobre a epilepsia, associando muitas das dificuldades com a falta de informação e a presença de crenças irracionais. Conclui-se que orientação sobre a epilepsia, o uso de medicamentos, os aspectos psicológicos, sociais e comportamentais, melhoram a adaptação à doença. Por isso, a importância dos grupos na desmistificação de crenças, identificação de relações parentais e prevenção de dificuldades comportamentais.Epilepsy is a neurologic disorder, which affects the patient's behaviour and carries strong psychological, social and cultural difficulties. Group-work improves the interaction parent-child, through appropriate explanations regarding the epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to give adequate information about epilepsy through support groups (educational procedure and to assess the efficacy of these groups in identifying psychological aspects. Protocols were applied to 36 parents before and after the sessions, with questions concerning feelings and beliefs about epilepsy as well as parent-child interactions. As the main results, the following feelings were observed: fear, frightening and anxiety, sadness and rejection

  2. The con focal laser scanning microscope: a powerful tool for the investigation of micro devices and nano structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Montereali, R.M.; Baldacchini, G.; Bonfigli, F.; Vincenti, M.A.; Almaviva, S.

    2008-01-01

    In the last years the Con focal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM), a versatile and powerful optical instrument, gained a strong increase of interest in the scientific community, not only for biological applications, but also for the characterization of materials, microstructures and devices. The conditions that favoured its wide diffusion are surely the large availability of laser sources and powerful computer-imaging and data-processing systems at relatively low cost; however, the main reason that contributed to its popularity is the ability to obtain tri dimensional reconstruction of a great variety of biological and non-biological samples with sub micrometric resolution. In this report we show the main properties and characteristics of the Con focal Microscope Nikon Eclipse 80-i C1, which has operated sinc more than two years in the Solid State Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory of the ENEA Research Center in Frascati. Some of the results obtained in the characterization of luminescent micro and nano structures based on lithium fluoride color centers will be presented [it

  3. Síndromes epilépticos en niños y adolescentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López S. Isabel Margarita, Dra.

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available En la edad pediátrica las epilepsias son frecuentes, con manifestaciones clínicas diversas y edad-dependientes. El reconocimiento preciso de los diferentes síndromes y epilepsias es importante para determinar un tratamiento y pronóstico adecuados. Cerca de un 70% de las epilepsias en niños tiene una buena respuesta a tratamiento médico o remisión espontánea y buen pronóstico en el largo plazo; se agrupan aquí las formas idiopáticas ya sea generalizadas como focales. Un grupo menor, pero no menos importante, es refractario a fármacos antiepilépticos, destacando las Encefalopatías Epilépticas que implican un mal pronóstico neurológico y un grupo de pacientes refractarios que serán candidatos a otras alternativas de tratamiento, como cirugía de la Epilepsia. Se revisan los principales conceptos que subyacen a la actual clasificación de Síndromes Electroclínicos y Epilepsias de ILAE y las características de algunos síndromes electro-clínicos atendiendo a su frecuencia, relevancia de un diagnóstico preciso y aportes recientes de significación

  4. El tratamiento de la epilepsia en la agenda de los medios para una comunicación afirmativa/ The treatment of epilepsy in the media agenda to an affirmative communication

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángeles Feliu Albadalejo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available La cifra de personas que padecen epilepsia en España alcanza, según últimos datospublicados, los 400.000. Si bien cada año se diagnostican 20.000 casos nuevos en nuestropaís, la epilepsia es la gran desconocida de las enfermedades por la sociedad. Las personasafectadas y sus familias conviven con una enfermedad que incapacita, en muchas ocasiones,al paciente en su actividad diaria. Es, en este aspecto, donde la morbilidad que rodea a laepilepsia es casi más perjudicial para los enfermos y familiares que la propia enfermedadque ha sido reconocida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como “un importanteproblema de salud pública”. El actual trabajo, a partir del análisis de contenido de 159noticias aparecidas en diferentes soportes on line, presenta cómo tratan la epilepsia losmedios de comunicación y su impacto en la agenda de los públicos, así como los temas y el contexto de las noticias sobre la epilepsia en función de la clasificación de públicos queaportamos y que está basada en la Teoría Situacional de Grunig. El logro de estos objetivos,nos ha permitido conocer el grado de sensibilización de la epilepsia a partir del contenido delas noticias por tipo de público y la necesidad de que los medios de comunicación hagan deprescriptores e influenciadores con los actores políticos, para una comunicación afirmativa. /The number of people with epilepsy in Spain reaches, according to latest data, 400,000.While each year there are 20,000 new cases diagnosed in our country, epilepsy is the greatunknown by society. Affected individuals and their families living with a disease, in manycases, invalidating the patient in daily activities. It is in this aspect, where morbiditysurrounding epilepsy is almost more damaging to patients and their families to the diseaseitself, has been recognized by the World Health Organization as "an important public healthproblem." The present work, a content analysis of 159 reports in different

  5. Focal neuronal loss, reversible subcortical focal T2 hypointensity in seizures with a nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Raghavendra, S.; Ashalatha, R.; Thomas, Sanjeev V. [Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Department of Neurology, Trivandrum, Kerala (India); Kesavadas, C. [Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Trivandrum (India)

    2007-04-15

    Neuroimaging in seizures associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) is considered normal. We report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in four patients with NKH and seizures. We prospectively evaluated clinical and radiological abnormalities in four patients with NKH during the period March 2004 to December 2005. All patients presented with seizures, either simple or complex partial seizures or epilepsia partialis continua. Two of them had transient hemianopia. MRI showed subcortical T2 hypointensity in the occipital white matter and in or around the central sulcus (two patients each), T2 hyperintensity of the overlying cortex (two patients), focal overlying cortical enhancement (three patients) and bilateral striatal hyperintensity (one patient). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) performed in three patients showed restricted diffusion. The ictal semiology and electroencephalographic (EEG) findings correlated with the MRI abnormalities. On clinical recovery, the subcortical T2 hypointensity and striatal hyperintensity reversed in all patients. The initial cortical change evolved to FLAIR hyperintensity suggestive of focal cortical gliosis. The radiological differential diagnosis considered initially included encephalitis, malignancy and hemorrhagic infarct rendering a diagnostic dilemma. We identified subcortical T2 hypointensity rather than hyperintensity as a characteristic feature of seizures associated with NKH. Only very few similar reports exist in literature. Reversible bilateral striatal T2 hyperintensity in NKH has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. (orig.)

  6. Focal neuronal loss, reversible subcortical focal T2 hypointensity in seizures with a nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raghavendra, S.; Ashalatha, R.; Thomas, Sanjeev V.; Kesavadas, C.

    2007-01-01

    Neuroimaging in seizures associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) is considered normal. We report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in four patients with NKH and seizures. We prospectively evaluated clinical and radiological abnormalities in four patients with NKH during the period March 2004 to December 2005. All patients presented with seizures, either simple or complex partial seizures or epilepsia partialis continua. Two of them had transient hemianopia. MRI showed subcortical T2 hypointensity in the occipital white matter and in or around the central sulcus (two patients each), T2 hyperintensity of the overlying cortex (two patients), focal overlying cortical enhancement (three patients) and bilateral striatal hyperintensity (one patient). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) performed in three patients showed restricted diffusion. The ictal semiology and electroencephalographic (EEG) findings correlated with the MRI abnormalities. On clinical recovery, the subcortical T2 hypointensity and striatal hyperintensity reversed in all patients. The initial cortical change evolved to FLAIR hyperintensity suggestive of focal cortical gliosis. The radiological differential diagnosis considered initially included encephalitis, malignancy and hemorrhagic infarct rendering a diagnostic dilemma. We identified subcortical T2 hypointensity rather than hyperintensity as a characteristic feature of seizures associated with NKH. Only very few similar reports exist in literature. Reversible bilateral striatal T2 hyperintensity in NKH has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. (orig.)

  7. Factores de Riesgo para Recurrencia de Convulsiones y Pronóstico a Corto Plazo en Cirugía de Epilepsia para Esclerosis Mesial Temporal.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Jaramillo Betancur

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo para recurrencia de convulsiones y la clasificación posquirúrgica a corto plazo en pacientes operados por esclerosis mesial temporal (EMT.

    Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidado en la cohorte de pacientes con EMT diagnosticados por resonancia magnética con dos años de seguimiento posquirúrgico; se excluyeron pacientes con EMT bilateral. Se evaluaron características clínicas prequirúrgicas, foco epileptogénico en video-EEG y variables quirúrgicas con respecto a recurrencia de convulsiones en los primeros dos años posquirúrgicos y clasificación de Engel en el primer y segundo aniversario de la cirugía.

    Resultados: Entre octubre de 2001 y junio de 2008 se han evaluado 144 pacientes con EMT candidatos a cirugía de epilepsia; a junio de 2007, se han operado 89 pacientes, 51.7% con EMT izquierda. 35.8% de los pacientes presentaron recurrencia de convulsiones antes del segundo año posquirúrgico; el factor de riesgo prequirúrgico asociado a recurrencia fue foco bitemporal o temporal único con diseminación contralateral por video-EEG (OR: 6.32; IC95% 1.64-26.41, y posquirúrgico, la presencia de convulsiones durante el primer mes posoperatorio (p:0.0004; no se encontró asociación con recurrencia para: género, convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas prequirúrgicas, lado de la EMT ni tiempo de evolución prequirúrgica de la epilepsia. 66.3% y 75.8% de los pacientes estaban en Engel I al primer y segundo aniversario de la cirugía, respectivamente. 91% de los pacientes intervenidos estaban en buen pronóstico posquirúrgico a los dos años.

    Conclusión: La localización del foco epileptogénico por electrofisiología es factor determinante en el pronóstico posquirúrgico a corto plazo en EMT.

    Palabras clave

    Cirugía de epilepsia, convulsiones, epilepsia del lóbulo temporal

  8. Epilepsias mioclónicas en el niño y el adolescente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Albia J. Pozo Alonso

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Las mioclonías epilépticas son contracciones musculares rápidas originadas por una descarga que proviene del sistema nervioso central y que se identifican por la correlación del electroencefalograma con la sacudida muscular. Las epilepsias mioclónicas son un grupo de síndromes epilépticos que evolucionan exclusiva o preferentemente con crisis mioclónicas. De acuerdo con su causa pueden clasificarse en idiopáticas, sintomáticas y criptogénicas. Según su evolución pueden ser benignas, graves y progresivas. Fue propósito de este trabajo mostrar las características más importantes de algunos de los principales síndromes epilépticos mioclónicos y enfatizar en las manifestaciones clínicas, hallazgos electroencefalográficos y en el tratamiento empleado.The mioclonic epilepsies are rapid muscular contractions originated by a discharge that comes from the central nervous system and that are identified by the correlation of the EEG with the muscular jerk. The mioclonic epilepsies are a group of epileptic syndromes that evolve exclusively or preferably with myoclonic crises. They may be classified as idiopathic, symptomatic or cryptogenic according to their cause. They may be benign, severe or progressive depending on their evolution. The aim of this paper was to show the most important characteristics of some of the main mioclonic epileptic syndromes and to make emphasis on the clinical manifestations, EEG findings and the treatment used.

  9. Epilepsia e dieta cetogénica

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira, Tiago Carvalheira Côrte-Real

    2003-01-01

    Resumo da tese: Aproximadamente 1 em cada 5 pessoas com epilepsia tem crises persistentes que não respondem ao tratamento farmacológico. A dieta cetogénica, introduzida por Wilder em 1921, continua a ser uma das terapias com maior eficácia no tratamento das crises epilépticas fármaco-ressistentes. É uma dieta rica em gordura e pobre em hidratos de carbono e proteína, desenhada com o objectivo de simular um jejum prolongado. Apesar de não ser conhecido o seu mecanismo de acção, acredita-se que...

  10. Avaliação sistematica dos aspectos clinicos e geneticos de pacientes com epilepsias mioclonicas progressivas

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Isabel Caldeira Rodrigues Morais

    2003-01-01

    Resumo: As Epilepsias Mioclônicas Progressivas (EMPs), formam um grupo raro de desordens geneticamente determinadas e freqüentemente familiais. Caracterizam-se por apresentarem a tríade clínica: epilepsia, mioclonias e declínio neurológico progressivo, como demência e ataxia. As cinco principais causas desta síndrome são: doença de Unverricht-Lundborg (DUL), doença de Lafora (DL), as lipofuscinoses ceroides neuronais (LCN), as encefalomiopatias mitocondriais com fibras vermelhas rajadas (MERR...

  11. Genética de las epilepsias Genetics of epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo A. Charria-Ortiz

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available En años recientes se ha podido definir con gran exactitud la existencia de alteraciones genéticas específicas en una gran variedad de síndromes epilépticos tradicionales. Es decir, por vez primera se ha podido relacionar de manera contundente y predecible la presencia de alteraciones genómicas y/o proteómicas con síndromes epilépticos antes considerados como "idiopáticos". La gran mayoría de dichos defectos han sido encontrados en genes codificadores para canales iónicos y/o receptores de membrana, lo cual en cierto modo confirma la ya antes postulada relevancia que estas estructuras tienen en la actividad electroquímica espontánea neuronal cuyo desajuste conllevaría a ciertas formas de epilepsia. Esta revisión se centra en los aspectos genéticos y clínicos de dichas condiciones y alteraciones. También se revisarán brevemente los estudios más relevantes de la literatura médica según los cuales -aun a pesar de no haberse definido con la misma exactitud el tipo de anomalías etiológicas- puede tranquilamente inferirse el gran componente genético que parece subyacer a la etiología de las epilepsias. Por ultimo se enfatizará en que a pesar de dichos descubrimientos, su aplicación en la práctica clínica diaria aun es muy limitada, no solo por la relativa rareza de algunos de tales síndromes neurológicos sino también por la poca relevancia que hasta ahora ellos han tenido en el manejo médico rutinario de la mayoría de los pacientes. Las posibilidades inmediatas de tales avances -incluida la farmacogenómica-, así como los posibles conflictos éticos en que se podría incurrir serán también brevemente discutidos.In the last few years, the presence of specific genetic abnormalities leading to some of the classical epileptic syndromes has been clearly elucidated. This means that for the first time, it has become possible to create a strong relationship between the presence of specific genomic and/or proteomic

  12. Epilepsia e arte: relação, interação ou conseqüência = Epilepsy and art: relation, interaction or consequence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Garcia, Pedro Celiny Ramos

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar estudos envolvendo epilepsia e arte, mostrando o sofrimento, alegria, criações e adversidades destes com a epilepsia. Método: Revisão bibliográfica (Medline, Lilacs, selecionando aspectos sobre epilepsia e arte. Conclusão: O texto discorre sobre a vida e obras de grandes nomes da arte que tiveram suas vidas marcadas e influenciadas pela epilepsia; e suas manifestações sociais, psíquicas e físicas Objective: This article aims to revise studies involving epilepsy and art, showing the suffering, joy, creations and adversities of these artists with epilepsy. Methods: A revision of bibliography (Medline and Lilacs was done , selecting aspects on epilepsy and art. Conclusions: This article is about the life and works of great names in art who had their lives marked by epilepsy and it’s social, psychological and physical manifestations.

  13. Nutrición del Niño con Enfermedades Neurológicas Prevalentes: An Update

    OpenAIRE

    LE ROY O, CATALINA; REBOLLO G, MARÍA JESÚS; MORAGA M, FRANCISCO; DÍAZ SM, XIMENA; CASTILLO-DURÁN, CARLOS

    2010-01-01

    En este artículo se revisan algunas enfermedades neurológicas en donde el manejo nutricional tiene un rol relevante, como son la parálisis cerebral, epilepsia, autismo y síndrome de déficit atencional (SDAH). La nutrición frecuentemente es afectada en niños con parálisis cerebral por factores como la enfermedad de base, la dificultad en ingerir alimentos por alteraciones sensoriales, motoras y/o gastrointestinales y las deficiencias nutricionales específicas relacionadas con la ingesta insufi...

  14. TRASTORNOS DE LA ATENCION Y HALLAZGOS ELECTROENCEFALOGRAFICOS EN NIÑOS CON CRISIS PARCIALES COMPLEJAS

    OpenAIRE

    Aguilar-Fabré, Liane; Rodríguez-Valdés, René

    2008-01-01

    Los problemas atencionales tienen una alta prevalencia en los niños con epilepsia existiendo muchas interrogantes acerca de su fisiopatología. Caracterizar la atención en un grupo de niños epilépticos. Se estudiaron 12 niños con crisis parciales complejas y se les realizó electroencefalograma y una batería neuropsicológica evaluadora de la atención sostenida, dividida y selectiva. Se realizo un ANOVA no paramétrico U Mann Whitney para conocer la existencia de diferencias significativas entre ...

  15. Protocolos de investigação de variáveis psicológicas na epilepsia infantil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Teixeira Fernandes

    Full Text Available A epilepsia é uma condição crônica comum na infância, cujo diagnóstico mostra dificuldades psicossociais e de ajustamento familiar, que parecem estar relacionadas com crenças e qualidade da interação pais-filhos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo esquematizar estratégias de investigação para as variáveis familiares e psicológicas: crenças, impacto da doença, relacionamento familiar, identificação de mudanças. A partir do levantamento de relatos dos pais de crianças com epilepsia e de aspectos da literatura, foram elaborados questionários psicológicos para identificar as importantes variáveis que afetam a vida da criança com epilepsia e sua família. Diante deste contexto, pode-se concluir que o uso de protocolos de investigação mais adequados facilita a avaliação psicológica e garante a coleta de dados.

  16. Awareness, attitudes and perceptions on epilepsy in Southern Brazil Conhecimento, atitudes e percepções sobre epilepsia no Sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asdrubal Falavigna

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To verify awareness and attitudes toward epilepsy in Southern Brazil. METHOD: A questionnaire about familiarity with the disease, awareness and attitudes toward epileptics was applied to 832 inhabitants of Caxias do Sul. The answers were analyzed in three different groups: G1, non-university students; G2, university students up to the second year; and G3, university students with more than two years education and university graduates. RESULTS: University students and graduates are better informed regarding causes and treatment of epilepsy. Moreover, those interviewees present less negative attitudes toward epileptics. However, a large part of that group lacks some basic information on the disease. CONCLUSION: There is lack of information on epilepsy among Brazilians. Education campaigns should be carried out in order to clarify some aspects concerning epilepsy.OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento e as atitudes sobre epilepsia na população de Caxias do Sul. MÉTODO: Foi aplicado um questionário sobre familiaridade com a doença, conhecimentos e atitudes diante de um portador de epilepsia a 832 moradores da cidade. As respostas foram analisadas em três grupos distintos: G1, não-universitários; G2, universitários até o segundo ano; e G3, universitários com mais de dois anos e graduados. RESULTADOS: Os universitários e graduados possuem melhor conhecimento sobre causas e tratamento da epilepsia. Além disso, esses entrevistados apresentam menos atitudes negativas para com o portador de epilepsia. Entretanto, uma boa parte desse grupo apresenta falta de alguns conhecimentos básicos sobre a doença. CONCLUSÃO: Há falta de informação à população brasileira sobre epilepsia. Campanhas educacionais devem ser realizadas no intuito de desmistificar alguns aspectos concernentes à epilepsia.

  17. Papel de la monoterapia con nuevos fármacos antiepilépticos en el tratamiento de la epilepsia infantil Role of monotherapy with new antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of childhood epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Valencia

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se revisa la información actual sobre el uso de los nuevos fármacos antiepilépticos (FAEs en monoterapia en niños, resaltando nuestra experiencia personal. Específicamente, se incluyen los siguientes FAEs: lamotrigina (Lamictal®, topiramato (Topamax®, zonisamida (Zonegran®, levetiracetam (Keppra®, y oxcarbacepina (Trileptal®. Todos estos FAEs tienen un amplio espectro de acción en el tratamiento de crisis epilépticas parciales y generalizadas, excepto la oxcarbacepina, que es eficaz exclusivamente en crisis parciales. No está claro si la monoterapia con estos FAEs, en comparación con los FAEs clásicos (fenobarbital, fenitoína, carbamacepina, valproato sódico, proporciona una mayor eficacia y/o causa menos efectos secundarios y, si por lo tanto, mejora significativamente la calidad de vida de los niños con epilepsia. Se necesitan más estudios para poder contestar estas preguntas.In this paper we review the current information regarding the use of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs used as monotherapy in children. We specifically include the following AEDs: lamotrigine (Lamictal®, topiramate (Topamax®, zonisamide (Zonegran®, levetiracetam (Keppra®, and oxcarbazepine (Trileptal®. All of these AEDs have a broad spectrum of action in the treatment of partial and generalized seizures, except Oxcarbazepine, which is effective only in partial seizures. It is unclear whether or not monotherapy with the new AEDs offers higher efficacy and/or lower side effects compared to classic AEDs (phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproate thereby significantly improving the quality of life in children with epilepsy. More studies are needed to answer these questions.

  18. Grupos focales de discusión: estrategia para la investigación sobre salud sexual con adolescentes con experiencia de vida en calle en Medellín, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Castro A

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available La intención de este artículo es evidenciar la importancia de los grupos focales de discusión como estrategia metodológica para la recolección de información en el trabajo con adolescentes institucionalizados con experiencia de vida en calle y, al mismo tiempo, mostrar su valor en el abordaje de la salud sexual con esta población, en tanto que permite una interacción flexible y reflexiva entre investigadores y participantes, así como de los participantes entre sí. El valor de esta estrategia metodológica es sustentado en este artículo mediante testimonios y resultados obtenidos durante su implementación en el estudio llevado a cabo con adolescentes institucionalizados entre 2013 y 2014 en Medellín. Se espera con este reducir las creencias de profesionales con respecto a las limitaciones de la estrategia para abordar temáticas relacionadas con la salud sexual de este grupo poblacional. Los resultados se articulan en cuatro categorías: conocimientos y percepciones sobre vih e its, salud sexual y reproductiva (ssr, el lenguaje en la ssr, y acceso y uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (tic. De esta manera, se deja de manifiesto el aporte y potencial de la estrategia para el abordaje del tema y para el acercamiento e interacción con adolescentes con experiencia de vida en calle.

  19. Epilepsia de lobo temporal com atrofia hipocampal: funções neuropsicológicas, qualidade de vida e adequação social

    OpenAIRE

    Juliana de Oliveira Gois

    2010-01-01

    A presença de déficits cognitivos nos indivíduos com epilepsia de lobo temporal é amplamente reconhecida, sendo os mesmos caracterizados por prejuízos da capacidade de nomeação, memória e função executiva. Embora as disfunções mnésticas sejam bastante estudadas na epilepsia de lobo temporal, a presença de disfunção executiva permanece controversa. A epilepsia gera, ainda, restrições na vida diária e prejuízo na qualidade de vida, levando a alterações na vida do indivíduo, tanto no aspecto fís...

  20. Clinical course and variability of non-Rasmussen, nonstroke motor and sensory epilepsia partialis continua: a European survey and analysis of 65 cases

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mameniskiene, Ruta; Bast, Thomas; Bentes, Carla

    2011-01-01

    To gain new insights into the clinical presentation, causes, treatment and prognosis of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), and to develop hypotheses to be tested in a prospective investigation.......To gain new insights into the clinical presentation, causes, treatment and prognosis of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), and to develop hypotheses to be tested in a prospective investigation....

  1. Projeto demonstrativo em epilepsia no Brasil National demonstration project on epilepsy in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Li Min

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available A epilepsia é a condição neurológica grave de maior prevalência no mundo. Infelizmente, a maioria dos pacientes com epilepsia nos países em desenvolvimento não recebem tratamento adequado e sofrem estigmatização pelo diagnóstico. Diante deste cenário, em 1997 foi lançada uma Campanha Global Contra Epilepsia liderada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, a Internacional League Against Epilepsy, e International Bureau for Epilepsy. A Campanha entrou na sua segunda fase em 2001 com os projetos demonstrativos que estão em curso na China, Zimbábue, Senegal e recentemente no Brasil. A finalidade do projeto demonstrativo é mostrar através de avaliação metodológica que é possível estabelecer um modelo de atendimento integral aos pacientes com epilepsia. O projeto demonstrativo brasileiro tem como regiões de atuação Campinas e São José de Rio Preto. Uma Task Force foi instituída para estudar a expansão da atuação para outras áreas do país.Epilepsy is the most prevalent non-communicable serious neurological condition worldwide. Unfortunately, the majority of people with epilepsy in low-income countries do not receive appropriate treatment. Stigmatisation is the rule. In this setting, the World Health Organisation, the International League against Epilepsy and the International Bureau for Epilepsy launched the Global Campaign against Epilepsy in 1997. This entered its second phase in 2001 and as part of it has set up demonstration projects in the People's Republic of China, Zimbabwe, Senegal and, more recently, in Brazil. The objective of the demonstration projects is to show, through methodological evaluation, that it is possible to establish a model of treatment for people with epilepsy in primary health care settings. The Brazilian demonstration project has targeted regions in Campinas and São Jose do Rio Preto, both in Sao Paulo State. A task force has been established to assess strategies to expand this project

  2. Periventricular nodular and subcortical neuronal heterotopia in adult epileptic patients Heterotopía neuronal nodular y subcortical en pacientes adultos con epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Damián E. Consalvo

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Developmental malformations are brain abnormalities that occur during embryogenesis. Neuronal migration disorders, including heterotopic lesions, constitute one type of such abnormalities. The aim of the study was to compare the epileptic clinical patterns of patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH (G1 with those affected by subcortical heterotopia (SCH (G2 looking for differences between both groups which, eventually, might suggest the type of the underlying malformation. The variables studied in both groups were: type of the heterotopia depicted on MRI studies, sex, age, age at seizure onset, annual seizure frequency, localization of the ictal symptomatogenic zone, characteristics of the EEG, other associated anomalies on the magnetic resonance images (MRI besides the heterotopia, and response to treatment. The only difference found between both groups was the type of heterotopia as shown by MRI studies. The other assessed variables did not significantly (p>0.05 differ between groups. No differences in the clinical features characterizing epilepsy could be found in patients with PNH or SCH, being the images the only tool able to differentiate them.Las malformaciones de la corteza cerebral son un grupo de entidades que se producen durante las etapas del desarrollo embrionario y cuya manifestación clínica puede ser la epilepsia. Estas malformaciones pueden ser diagnosticadas in vivo a través de las imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM. Un subtipo particular de éstas lo constituyen los trastornos en la migración neuronal, dentro de los cuales se ubican las heterotopías (HT. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar enfermos portadores de HT periventriculares (G1 con aquellos portadores de HT subcorticales (G2. Se analizaron las variables sexo, edad y edad de inicio de la epilepsia (EI en años, antecedentes familiares (AF o prenatales (AP, frecuencia anual de crisis (FAC y características semiológicas de las crisis

  3. The early history (1909-1961) of Epilepsia, the journal of the International League Against Epilepsy, and its echoes today.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shorvon, Simon

    2007-01-01

    This paper records the history of Epilepsia, the journal of the International League Against Epilepsy, from its inception in 1908/1909 until the beginning of its fourth series in 1961. During this time, publication was interrupted on three occasions and so the journal appeared in four series, with a complex numbering system. Over the years, the content and format of the journal has varied. Its role has changed over the years, at times primarily as a scientific organ and at other times as a source of ILAE news and reports. Concerns throughout its history have included its role as an historical record, its international representation, financial vicissitude, quality of papers, the balance between basic and clinical science, the value of clinical papers, and issues of overspecialization. Epilepsia is today the leading clinical epilepsy journal; but these are still significant concerns, and a knowledge of the history of Epilepsia is important for understanding the current position of the journal.

  4. Demonstration project on epilepsy in Brazil: situation assessment Projeto demonstrativo em epilepsia no Brasil: avaliação situacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li M. Li

    2007-06-01

    educational program should be broad spectrum and include not only medical management, but also psycho-social aspects of epilepsy.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a situação da assistência à epilepsia no contexto da atenção primária sob o Projeto Demonstrativo em epilepsia no Brasil, parte da Campanha Global Epilepsia Fora das Sombras da WHO/ILAE/IBE. MÉTODO: Fizemos um levantamento epidemiológico para definir a prevalência e lacuna de tratamento em epilepsia. Avaliamos a percepção de 598 profissionais de saúde da atenção básica de diferentes regiões do Brasil sobre epilepsia e seu manejo na rede básica de saúde. RESULTADOS: A prevalência acumulada de epilepsia foi de 9,2/1000 pessoas (95%IC= 8,4-10 e a prevalência estimada de epilepsia ativa foi de 5,4/1000 pessoas. Trinta e oito porcento dos pacientes com epilepsia ativa estavam sendo tratados inadequadamente, incluindo 19% que estavam sem medicação. A enquete com os profissionais de saúde mostrou que a média estimada de pacientes livre de crises sob os cuidados dos mesmos era de 60%. A média estimada de porcentagem em monoterapia era de 55%. A média estimada de porcentagem de referência para neurologistas era de 59%. A média estimada de porcentagem de pacientes que estavam trabalhando ou estudando era de 56%. A maioria dos médicos não se sente confiante em atender uma pessoa com epilepsia. DISCUSSÃO: A análise situacional da Fase I - estudo epidemiológico nas áreas de interesse do PD mostrou que a prevalência da epilepsia é similar a outros países em desenvolvimento e a lacuna de tratamento é grande. Um dos fatores importantes para a lacuna de tratamento é a falta de adequação à assistência na atenção básica. Essa situação pode ser revertida no Brasil, pois os elementos chaves existem na rede básica para o manejo de pessoas com epilepsia. Entretanto, para torna efetivo e eficiente é preciso i estabelecimento de um sistema de referência e contra-referência, ii fornecimento contínuo de

  5. Insular epilepsy: similarities to temporal lobe epilepsy case report Epilepsia insular: similaridades à epilepsia do lobo temporal - relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ARTHUR CUKIERT

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available Insular epilepsy has been rarely reported and its clinical and electrographic features are poorly understood. The electrographic study of the insula is difficult since it is hidden from the brain surface by the frontal and temporal lobe. A 48 years-old woman started having simple partial autonomic and complex partial seizures with automatisms and ictal left arm paresis 8 years prior to admission. Seizure's frequency was 1 per week. Pre-operative EEG showed a right temporal lobe focus. Neuropsychological testing disclosed right fronto-temporal dysfunction. MRI showed a right anterior insular cavernous angioma. Intraoperative ECoG obtained after spliting of the sylvian fissure showed independent spiking from the insula and temporal lobe and insular spikes that spread to the temporal lobe. The cavernous angioma and the surrounding gliotic tissue were removed and the temporal lobe was left in place. Post-resection ECoG still disclosed independent temporal and insular spiking with a lower frequency. The patient has been seizure-free since surgery. Insular epilepsy may share many clinical and electroencephalographic features with temporal lobe epilepsy.A epilepsia insular tem sido raramente relatada e suas características clínicas e eletrencefalográficas são pobremente conhecidas. O estudo eletrográfico da ínsula é difícil já que ela se encontra recoberta pelos lobos frontal e temporal. Uma paciente, de 48 anos, começou a ter crises parciais simples autonômicas e crises parciais complexas com automatismos e paresia crítica de membro superior esquerdo 8 anos antes desta internação. A frequência de crises era de 1/semana . O EEG pré-operatório mostrou foco temporal direito. Testagem neuropsicológica demonstrou disfunção fronto-temporal direita. RMN demonstrou cavernoma insular anterior direito. A eletrocorticografia intraoperatória obtida após a abertura da fissura sylviana demonstrou a presença de espículas independentes na

  6. Alterações sexuais na epilepsia: resultados de uma avaliação multidisciplinar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALMEIDA SILVA HELGA C.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Onze pacientes do sexo masculino com epilepsia e queixa de alteração sexual foram submetidos a avaliação multidisciplinar. A média de idade foi 27 anos (20-34, a duração média da epilepsia foi 19 anos (0,5-32 e a frequência média das crises foi duas por semana (0-7. Dez pacientes apresentavam crises parciais e um, mioclônicas. Dez pacientes recebiam drogas antiepilépticas (difenil-hidantoína - 1, carbamazepina - 8, clonazepam - 3, clobazam - 2, valproato - 3, vigabatrina - 1. Segundo os critérios do DSM III -- R, as queixas foram disfunção erétil (9, redução da libido (4, froteurismo (4, inibição do orgasmo (3, ejaculação precoce (3, fetichismo (2, voyeurismo (2, exibicionismo (2, pedofilia (1 e aversão sexual (1. A avaliação endocrinológica mostrou hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico em dois pacientes. A avaliação urológica revelou disfunção erétil orgânica em outros dois. Em um paciente a alteração sexual foi considerada psicogênica. Em seis pacientes não foi possível estabelecer diagnóstico etiológico definitivo. Este estudo mostra que a alteração da sexualidade na epilepsia é multifatorial e necessita de abordagem multidisciplinar.

  7. Cognición en epilepsia generalizada idiopática: estudio clínico y de vídeo-electroencefalograma

    OpenAIRE

    Abarrategui Yagüe, Belén

    2017-01-01

    Las Epilepsias Generalizadas Idiopáticas (EGI) constituyen una quinta parte de todos los casos de epilepsia. Se trata de un conjunto de síndromes de inicio en la infancia o adolescencia caracterizados por la combinación variable de crisis de ausencia, tónico clónicas generalizadas (TCG) y mioclónicas; por una frecuente sensibilidad a los fármacos antiepilépticos, especialmente el valproato (VPA); y por la presencia de rasgos reflejos como la fotosensibilidad. El hallazgo característico en el ...

  8. Epilepsy in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures Epilepsia em pacientes com crises não epilépticas psicogênicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Luiz Marchetti

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of epilepsy in patients who presented psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES. The evaluation was carried out during intensive VEEG monitoring in a diagnostic center for epilepsy in a university hospital. The difficulties involved in reaching this diagnosis are discussed. Ninety-eight patients underwent intensive and prolonged video-electroencephalographic (VEEG monitoring; out of these, a total of 28 patients presented PNES during monitoring. Epilepsy was defined as present when the patient presented epileptic seizures during VEEG monitoring or when, although not presenting epileptic seizures during monitoring, the patient presented unequivocal interictal epileptiform discharges. The frequency of epilepsy in patients with PNES was 50% (14 patients. Our findings suggest that the frequency of epilepsy in patients with PNES is much higher than that of previous studies, and point out the need, at least in some cases, for prolonging the evaluation of patients with PNES who have clinical histories indicating epilepsy.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de epilepsia em pacientes que apresentaram crises não epilépticas psicogênicas (CNEP. Isto foi realizado durante monitoração intensiva por video-EEG num centro diagnóstico de epilepsia em um hospital universitário. As dificuldades envolvidas para se chegar a este diagnóstico são discutidas. Noventa e oito pacientes foram submetidos a monitoração intensiva por video-EEG; 28 destes pacientes apresentaram CNEP durante a monitoração. Epilepsia foi considerada presente quando o paciente apresentou crises epilépticas durante a avaliação pelo video-EEG ou quando, apesar da não ocorrência de crises epilépticas durante a avaliação, descargas epilépticas interictais inequívocas estavam presentes. A frequência de epilepsia em pacientes com CNEP foi 50% (14 pacientes. Nossos achados sugerem que a frequência de epilepsia em

  9. Percepção do estigma da epilepsia em professores do ensino fundamental Perception of epilepsy stigma in fundamental school teachers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Teixeira Fernandes

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available A epilepsia é uma condição neurológica crônica que traz implicações psicológicas e acadêmicas para a criança, sua família, professores e amigos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a percepção do estigma da epilepsia em professores, levando-se em consideração os aspectos acadêmicos, psicológicos e culturais desta condição. Para isto, foram distribuídos questionários a respeito da epilepsia para professores do ensino fundamental da rede pública de ensino em Campinas. Diante dos 94 questionários respondidos, observou-se que 91,5% dos professores pesquisados sabem que a epilepsia é uma desordem neurológica; 40,0% acham que o tratamento deve ser feito com acompanhamento médico e 96,8% acreditam que as crianças com epilepsia devem freqüentar escola comum. Em relação às crenças, a que mais apareceu foi o medo da criança engolir a língua durante a crise. Os professores pesquisados mostraram possuir conhecimentos adequados a respeito da epilepsia, o que contradiz o observado nas atitudes sociais encontradas em nossa sociedade, que são caracterizadas por preconceito e estigma.Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that brings psychological and academic implications to the children, their family, teachers and friends. The purpose of the study was to identify teachers' perception of epilepsy as a stigma, considering the academic, psychological and cultural aspects of this condition. Questionnaires about their knowledge of epilepsy were distributed to teachers of public schools in Campinas, Brazil. From the 94 answered questionnaires, it was observed that 91.5% knew that epilepsy is a neurological disorder, 40.0% thought that the treatment is with medical follow-up, and 96.8% believed that children must study in a normal school. In relation to beliefs, the fear of a child swallowing the tongue during the seizure appeared in 45.7% of teachers' answers. The searched teachers showed that they have adequate

  10. Stigma scale of epilepsy: validation process Escala de estigma na epilepsia: processo de validação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula T. Fernandes

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To validate a Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE. METHODS: The SSE was completed by 40 adult with epilepsy attending an Outpatient Epilepsy Clinic at the University Hospital of UNICAMP, and by 40 people from the community. People were interviewed on an individual basis; a psychologist read the questions to the subjects who wrote the answers in a sheet. The procedure was the same for all the subjects and completion took around ten minutes. RESULTS: The SSE has 24 items. The internal consistency of the SSE showed alpha Cronbach’s coefficient 0.88 for the patients with epilepsy and 0.81 for the community. The overall mean scores of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy formula were: 46 (SD=18.22 for patients and 49 (SD=13.25 for the community where a score of 0 would suggest no stigma, and 100 maximum stigma. DISCUSSION: The SSE has satisfactory content validity and high internal consistency. It allows the quantification of the perception of stigma by patients and people from community; this can then be used for interventional studies, such as mass media campaign in minimizing the negative facets of stigma.OBJETIVO: Validar a Escala de Estigma na Epilepsia (EEE. MÉTODO: A EEE foi aplicada em 40 pacientes adultos com o diagnóstico de Epilepsia do Ambulatório de Epilepsia do HC/Unicamp e em 40 pessoas da comunidade em geral. Os sujeitos foram entrevistados individualmente pelas psicólogas, que foram lendo as questões e anotando as respostas na escala. As condições de aplicação foram as mesmas e a aplicação durou cerca de 10 minutos. RESULTADOS: A EEE possui 24 itens. A consistência interna da EEE mostrou alfa de Cronbach, de 0,88 para os pacientes com epilepsia e 0,81 para a comunidade. As médias do valor geral de estigma obtido com a fórmula da EEE foram: 46 (DP=18,22 para os pacientes e 49 (DP=13,25 para a comunidade. DISCUSSÃO: A EEE possui uma satisfatória validade e alta consistência interna. Isso permite uma quantificação da

  11. Transtornos psiquiátricos associados à epilepsia Psychiatric disorders associated to epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana de Oliveira

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Os autores relatam caso de uma paciente portadora de epilepsia que desenvolveu sintomas psicóticos e depressivos associados a essa patologia, discutindo-o em relação a seus aspectos psicopatológicos.The authors report a case of a patient with epilepsy who developed psychotic and depressive symptons and discuss it in the light of psychopatological aspects.

  12. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with focal findings: caveats to current diagnostic criteria

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mader, Edward C.; El-Abassi, Rima; Villemarette-Pittman, Nicole R.; Santana-Gould, Lenay; Olejniczak, Piotr W.; England, John D.

    2013-01-01

    The clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is largely based on the 1998 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. Unfortunately, rigid compliance with these criteria may result in failure to recognize sporadic CJD (sCJD), especially early in its course when focal findings predominate and traditional red flags are not yet present. A 61-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of epilepsia partialis continua (jerking of the left upper extremity) and a 2-week history of forgetfulness and left hemiparesis; left hemisensory neglect was also detected on admission. Repeated brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed areas of restricted diffusion in the cerebral cortex, initially on the right but later spreading to the left. Electroence-phalography (EEG) on hospital days 7, 10, and 14 showed right-sided periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. On day 20, the EEG showed periodic sharp wave complexes leading to a diagnosis of probable sCJD and subsequently to definite sCJD with brain biopsy. Neurological decline was relatively fast with generalized myoclonus and akinetic mutism developing within 7 weeks from the onset of illness. CJD was not immediately recognized because of the patient's focal/lateralized manifestations. Focal/lateralized clinical, EEG, and MRI findings are not uncommon in sCJD and EEG/MRI results may not be diagnostic in the early stages of sCJD. Familiarity with these caveats and with the most current criteria for diagnosing probable sCJD (University of California San Francisco 2007, MRI-CJD Consortium 2009) will enhance the ability to recognize sCJD and implement early safety measures. PMID:23717780

  13. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y trabajo en la epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz C. Thomann Rey

    Full Text Available Introducción: En la monitorización de salud de la población, a medida que se controla la mortalidad prematura, van ganando terreno los indicadores de "Calidad de Vida" en detrimento de los "Cantidad de Salud". Los instrumentos de medida de Calidad de Vida Relacionados con la Salud (CVRS, pueden ayudar a valorar la aptitud de los trabajadores epilépticos. Objetivo: Observar si la empleabilidad influye en la CVRS de los pacientes epilépticos, y como están afectados los dominios de sensación energía/fatiga y funciones cognitivas, con el cuestionario QOLIE-31. Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo, IBECS, Cochrane Plus, Google Académico y LILACS. El nivel de evidencia se estableció de acuerdo a los criterios de SIGN. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 10 artículos, de 244 artículos recuperados. De ellos, seis son estudios transversales y solo uno obtiene asociación estadísticamente significativa, p<0,001, en el análisis de regresión multivariante, entre trabajo y total QOLIE-31. De los otros cuatro, de validación, tres obtienen asociación estadísticamente significativa con p<0.001, p<0.0001 y p=0,0002, pero solo en el análisis univariante. Variables explicativas con mayor valor predictivo en los dominios de sensación de energía/fatiga y función cognitiva fueron: la frecuencia de las crisis y los síntomas depresivos. Conclusión: No se puede concluir que los epilépticos que trabajan tienen una mejor CVRS que los que no trabajan. Existen sesgos importantes de selección e información, además de diferencias culturales y sociales. Medidas de CVRS podrían ayudar, a la hora de valorar la aptitud de los enfermos epilépticos en el trabajo.

  14. A radioterapia profunda em doses elevadas na epilepsia focal: contrôle clínico e eletrencefalográfico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Pinto Pupo

    1954-06-01

    Full Text Available Radiotherapy in high doses has been used in cases of symptomatic epilepsy with the purpose of to act against the focal epileptic activity, as coadjuvancy to the common medical treatment. Patients with clinical manifestations of epilepsy in whom convulsive foci were demonstrated in the EEG, have been selected; these foci have been recognized as well localized and well circunscribed, and in all them the etiology has been the same (atrophic lesions, according to the clinical and radiological (craniogram, pneumoencephalogram and arteriogram examinations. The purpose of a so homogenous group was to study the results to be obtained in similar conditions. Twenty patients have been selected from a group of forty-eight, because it was possible to obtain a good follow-up for at least three months in each case. In all cases, a medical treatment (barbiturate plus hidantoi-nate has been used in uniform manner, with the purpose of avoiding influence on the judgement of the value of radiotherapy, for it was impossible to interrupt the drug therapy. Radiotherapy has been used in high doses over the epileptic lesion, which had been localized by the EEG. Two different techniques were used; in both 200 kv, 0.5 mm. filter of Cu were employed. Fourteen patients were irradiated in four different areas, of 4 cm. in diameter each one; they received 150 r daily, 2 areas by day, performing an average total of 3,000 r. In the other 6 cases the technique of kinetic convergent radiotherapy was employed, using the Siemens apparatus; each patient received, through a cutaneous area, an average doses of 3,000 r into the focus and 2,000 r in the skin; they received from 100 r to 150 r in the focus daily. Studying the twenty cases individually, there was marked EEG improvement in 4, relative improvement in 8 and no change in 8; there was marked decrease in the number of seizures in 8, relative decrease in 10 and no change in 2; the mental status was markedly improved in 7

  15. "Lapsellamme on epilepsia - ohjaisitko meitä?" : cd-rom ohjausmateriaali sairaanhoitajille

    OpenAIRE

    Siitari, Hanna; Tupamäki, Enni

    2007-01-01

    Epilepsia on yksi lasten yleisimmistä pitkäaikaissairauksista. Sairauden yleisyydestä huolimatta siihen liittyy edelleen paljon vääriä mielikuvia. Todellisuudessa epilepsiaan ei liity mitään hämäräperäistä ja nykyisillä hoitomenetelmillä suurin osa tautia sairastavista saavuttaa kohtauksettomuuden. Taudin hyvästä ennusteesta huolimatta perhe tarvitsee paljon tukea ja ohjausta hoitohenkilökunnalta lapsen sairastuttua pitkäaikaissairauteen. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tuottaa Keski-Suomen kes...

  16. Epilepsia partialis continua Kozevnikov. Correlation of cranial computertomography and EEG-findings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lipinski, C.G.

    1982-10-01

    Two children with onset of epilepsia partialis continua (Epc) in the age of 8 years are described. EEG-findings and cranial computertomography are compared. Were as the CAT is demonstrating the underlaying morphological lesion of Epc, the EEG is showing the epileptic phenomena. Both, anatomic lesion and electronencephalographic focus can show quite different localisations. Despite this findings, to establish the diagnosis Epc, in our cases the computertomographic proof of a cortical and subcortical lesion seems to be important.

  17. Eficacia de las relaciones con públicos minoritarios: el caso de la Asociación de Epilepsia de la Provincia de Alicante (AEPA / Effectiveness of minority public relations: the case of the Epilepsy Association of the Province of Alicante (EAPA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Carmen Carreton

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available ResumenLa Asociación de Epilepsia de la Provincia de Alicante (AEPA implementa su estrategia de relaciones públicas concibiendo a los públicos de la epilepsia como minoritarios. Nuestro objetivo es evidenciar que: la eficacia de AEPA se basa en un cambio de su conducta; conducta reflejada en el diseño, la acción y la comunicación de su estrategia desde la teoría de las relaciones públicas. La aportación de este estudio de caso se centra en el cambio de actitudes y de conducta de los diferentes públicos de la epilepsia en la provincia de Alicante después de la implementación de una estrategia de relaciones públicas basada en los modelos simétricos bidireccionales.AbstractEpilepsy Association of the Province of Alicante (AEPA implements its public relations strategy to designing public and minority epilepsy. Our goal is to show that: AEPA effectiveness is based on a change in his behaviour, conduct reflected in the design, action and communication strategy from the theory of public relations. The contribution of this case study focuses on changing attitudes and behaviour of the different audiences of epilepsy in the province of Alicante after the implementation of a public relations strategybased on two-way symmetrical models.

  18. Dieta cetogênica no tratamento de epilepsias farmacorresistentes

    OpenAIRE

    Nonino-Borges,Carla Barbosa; Bustamante,Vera Cristina Terra; Rabito,Estela Iraci; Inuzuka,Luciana Midoro; Sakamoto,Américo Ceike; Marchini,Júlio Sérgio

    2004-01-01

    A epilepsia é uma condição clínica crônica correspondente a um grupo de doenças que tem em comum crises epilépticas; ela atinge de 0,5% a 1,0% da população dos países desenvolvidos, podendo esta prevalência ser maior nos países em desenvolvimento. Aproximadamente um terço dos pacientes evolui com crises epilépticas intratáveis com medicamentos; em alguns casos, é possível o tratamento cirúrgico. Nos pacientes em que cirurgia não é possível, a dieta cetogênica passa a ser uma opção terapêutica...

  19. Epilepsy in Latin America and the Caribbean: a survey on needs and resources Epilepsia en América Latina y el Caribe: encuesta sobre las necesidades y los recursos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Itzhak Levav

    1999-11-01

    iniciativa, denominada "Fuera de las sombras", en la que están trabajando la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia, la Oficina Internacional para la Epilepsia, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud con el fin de mejorar los servicios de atención a los pacientes epilépticos, la aceptación social de estos y el tratamiento de la enfermedad.

  20. Epilepsia partialis continua Kozevnikov. Correlation of cranial computertomography and EEG-findings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lipinski, C.G.

    1982-01-01

    Two children with onset of epilepsia partialis continua (Epc) in the age of 8 years are described. EEG-findings and cranial computertomography are compared. Were as the CAT is demonstrating the underlaying morphological lesion of Epc, the EEG is showing the epileptic phenomena. Both, anatomic lesion and electronencephalographic focus can show quite different localisations. Despite this findings, to establish the diagnosis Epc, in our cases the computertomographic proof of a cortical and subcortical lesion seems to be important. (orig.) [de

  1. Tilt teste no diagnóstico diferencial da "epilepsia" resistente ao tratamento Tilt table test in the differential diagnosis of refractory "epilepsy"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Rodrigues Teixeira de Castro

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available A epilepsia é uma das causas mais freqüentes de distúrbios neurológicos em adultos jovens. Relatamos um caso em que uma paciente conviveu durante doze anos com o diagnóstico de epilepsia resistente ao tratamento, quando, na verdade, a causa de seus sintomas pôde ser encontrada com a realização do teste de inclinação (tilt teste. O cardiologista deve estar alerta para o possível diagnóstico de síncope neurocardiogênica em pacientes previamente diagnosticados como portadores de epilepsia, especialmente naqueles com difícil controle terapêutico.Epilepsy is one of the most frequent causes of neurological disorders in young adults. We report the case of a patient who lived with the diagnosis of refractory epilepsy for twelve years, when actually the cause of the symptoms could be found with the performance of a tilt table test. Cardiologists should be aware of the possible diagnosis of neurocardiogenic syncope in patients previously diagnosed with epilepsy, especially in those with difficult therapeutic control.

  2. Epilepsia y conducción vehicular en Argentina: Una nueva propuesta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Casas Parera

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available En diversos países del mundo existen reglamentaciones sobre epilepsia y conducción vehicular (CV. En Argentina, poseemos la Ley Nº 24.449 y el Decreto Reglamentario Nº 779/95, que en su art. 33 sobre Criterios de Aptitud Física menciona la epilepsia y el electroencefalograma anormal, y los Códigos NE02 y NE03 que califican de «INEPTO» a quien le corresponda uno u otro. De la revisión bibliográfica y las reglamentaciones vigentes en otros países y el nuestro proponemos: 1 Deberán constar en la historia clínica las recomendaciones del médico tratante acerca de la enfermedad y CV. 2 Tomar el período igual o mayor a 1 año libre de crisis como indispensable para levantar la restricción de CV. 3 La obligación de presentar certificado anual del control neurológico y de medicación antiepiléptica. 4 La restricción de CV a aquéllos en cambio de medicación y/o supresión de la misma, durante ese período y terminado el proceso, por otros 6 meses. 5 Que no sea obligatoria la denuncia de la enfermedad ante las autoridades por parte del médico. 6 En el apartado «Criterios de Aptitud Neurológica», en los Códigos NE02 y NE03 deberán modificarse los conceptos «INEPTO» por el de «EVALUAR». 7 No se autorizará a personas con antecedentes de crisis epilépticas o con epilepsia, la conducción de camiones para comercio interprovincial, ómnibus de transporte público y escolares. Creemos que estas medidas: 1 Favorecerán la denuncia espontánea de la enfermedad por parte del solicitante de la licencia de conductor. 2 Mejorarán el control clínico/neurológico de estos pacientes. 3 Se evitarán accidentes y daños a la propiedad. 4 Actualizan la ley y reglamentación vigentes. 5 Por la implicancia médico-legal-social del tema, resguardan: a al médico sobre eventuales acciones judiciales, b asimismo protegen al paciente sobre eventuales acciones judiciales, c aumentarán la seguridad vial beneficiando a nuestra comunidad

  3. Estrategias para mejorar el cumplimiento de la farmacoterapia antiepiléptica en los pacientes con epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sinaa Al-Aqeel

    2013-11-01

    Conclusiones de los autores: Las intervenciones con recordatorios intensivos y con “intención de implementación” parecen alentadoras para mejorar el cumplimiento con las medicaciones antiepilépticas; sin embargo, antes de establecer una conclusión firme se necesitan pruebas más confiables de su eficacia a partir de ensayos controlados aleatorios cuidadosamente diseñados.

  4. Dieta cetogénica como tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria

    OpenAIRE

    Barrena Barbadillo, Rocío

    2016-01-01

    Trabajo final de máster en el que se analiza la efectividad de la dieta cetogénica como tratamiento para la epilepsia refractaria a fármacos. Análisis de las diferentes dietas cetogénicas existentes, mecanismo de acción, efectividad, indicaciones, contraindicaciones efectos adversos e implementación de la dieta. Treball final de màster en el qual s'analitza l'efectivitat de la dieta cetogènica com a tractament per l'epilèpsia refractària a fàrmacs. Anàlisi de les diferents dietes cetogèniq...

  5. Epilepsy and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy?: Eat more fish! A group hypothesis Epilepsia e morte súbita?: Coma mais peixe! A hipótese de um grupo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberta M. Cysneiros

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Epilepsy is the commonest serious neurological disorder and individuals with epilepsy are at higher risk of death than the general population and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Potential pathomechanisms for SUDEP are unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmias during and between seizures play a potential role. The ultimate goal of SUDEP research is to develop methods to prevent it and nutritional aspects such as omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may have an interesting role in this scenario. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality and are important for treating or preventing some neurological diseases, including epilepsy. A dietary modification or nutritional supplements increasing the ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids may help to ''save the brain".A epilepsia é uma das doenças neurológicas sérias mais comuns e está associada a um maior risco de morte do que o observado na população geral e a morte súbita em epilepsia é uma importante causa de morte relacionada à epilepsia. Os potenciais patomecanismos da morte súbita em epilepsia são desconhecidos, mas é bastante provável que arritmias cardíacas durante ou entre as crises tenham um papel preponderante. O objetivo final das pesquisas em morte súbita em epilepsia é o desenvolvimento de métodos que levem à sua prevenção e aspectos nutricionais, como a deficiência de ômega-3 pode ter um papel interessante neste contexto. A suplementação com ômega-3 reduz o risco de mortalidade de origem cardiovascular e é importante no tratamento e prevenção de algumas doenças neurológicas, incluindo a epilepsia. A modificação dietética ou a suplementação nutricional aumentando a ingesta de ômega-3 pode ajudar a "salvar o cérebro".

  6. Estado actual de la Videotelemetría en el servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Infantil de San José 2012-2013

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Paul Vergara Aguilar

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La hospitalización para videomonitoreo electroencefalográfico a largo y corto plazo se ha consolidado como una herramienta de diagnóstico en la evaluación prequirúrgica de las epilepsias, la caracterización de los síndromes epilépticos y la documentación de frecuencia de las crisis. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos encontrados en estudios de videotelemetría realizados en el servicio de neurofisiología del Hospital Infantil Universitario San José, 2012-2013. Métodos: Este es un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Se revisaron un total de 330 videotelemetrías, y las historias clínicas. De estas 123 cumplieron todos los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 17,7 años (DE ± 17,65 con un rango entre 7 meses y 77 años, solo dos pacientes registraron edades menores de un año y con un mayor número de mujeres 64 (52%. En 2012 se realizaron 69 estudios (56.1%, en 2013 se realizaron 54 estudios que corresponde al (43%. De todas las telemetrías realizadas, se revisaron las indicaciones, 21 (17,1% no tenían epilepsia como el diagnóstico previo, 36 (29,3% tenían diagnóstico de epilepsia focal. Del total de videotelemetrías en 81 (65,9% no hubo registro de crisis. En 14 (11,4% de los registros se encontró un inicio frontal de la descarga. En 81 (65,9 % no hubo registro de actividad ictal. Conclusiones: La monitorización electroencefalográfica continua es de gran utilidad y ofrece un apoyo en el diagnóstico diferencial de fenómenos clínicos epilépticos y no epilépticos y en la confirmación del tipo específico de epilepsia o síndrome epiléptico que padecen los pacientes.

  7. Caso severo de manifestaciones bucales de la hiperplasia epitelial focal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonathan Harris Ricardo

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La hiperplasia epitelial focal, conocida también como enfermedad de Heck, es una patología benigna que se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples pápulas en la mucosa de la cavidad bucal; es producida por los subtipos 13 y 32 del virus del papiloma humano, aunque también se le relaciona con factores genéticos, inmunosupresión e higiene bucal deficiente pero con poco sustento científico; afecta principalmente a niños y adolescentes. Se reporta caso clínico de paciente femenina de 7 años de edad, remitida al servicio de Estomatología y Cirugía Oral de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez por presentar múltiples pápulas en mucosa bucal, de tamaño variable, asintomáticas, 8 meses de evolución, relacionadas clínicas e histológicamente con hiperplasia epitelial focal.

  8. Myoclonic epilepsy of late onset in trisomy 21 Epilepsia mioclônica de início tardio na trissomia 21

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lm. Li

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available We report the case of a patient with trisomy 21 (T21 with late onset epilepsy. The electro-clinical features were of myoclonic jerks on awakening and generalised tonic clonic seizures, with generalised spike and wave on EEG, and a progressive dementia. As familial Alzheimer's dementia and progressive myoclonic epilepsy (Unverricht-Lundborg type are both linked to the chromosome 21, this case may represent a distinct progressive myoclonic epilepsy related to T21.Pacientes com trissomia do cromossoma 21 (T21, com o passar dos anos, são propensos a desenvolver crises epilépticas parciais concomitantes ao aparecimento de degeneração cerebral do tipo Alzheimer. Pacientes com T21 e demência parecem ter risco maior de apresentarem crises epilépticas que outros pacientes com degeneração cerebral do tipo Alzheimer. O caso relatado é de um paciente com T21 com epilepsia de início tardio. A história clínica consiste de crises mioclônicas ao despertar, ocasionais crises generalizadas tônico-clônicas, demência e ponta onda generalisada no EEG. Demência do tipo Alzheimer familial é ligada ao cromossoma 21, bem como epilepsia mioclônica progressiva (tipo Unverricht-Lundborg. Isto sugere que este caso possa representar um tipo distinto de epilepsia mioclônica progressiva, ligado ao cromossoma 21.

  9. Notes on the origins of Epilepsia and the International League Against Epilepsy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shorvon, Simon D; Weiss, Giselle; Goodkin, Howard P

    2009-03-01

    The recent discovery of archival material has shed interesting light on the origins of Epilepsia and also the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). The idea of an international journal devoted to epilepsy seems first to have arisen from talks between Dr. L. J. J. Muskens and Dr. W. Aldren Turner in 1905. A protracted series of subsequent letters between Muskens and a Haarlem publisher show how the idea slowly took shape. The committee of patronage, editorial board, and editorial assistants was probably first approached at the First International Congress of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and Nursing of the Insane, held in Amsterdam in 1907. At this meeting, the concept of an international organization to fight epilepsy (to become the ILAE) was also first proposed in public, again by Muskens. The concept of the ILAE was clearly modeled on another international organization-the International Commission for the Study of the Causes of Mental Diseases and Their Prophylaxis. This Commission had been first publicly proposed in 1906 by Ludwig Frank, at the Second International Congress for the Care and Treatment of the Insane. The proposed Commission and ILAE shared many features, aims, and personnel. Despite an auspicious start, the International Commission was prevented by personal and political differences from ever actually coming into being. However, the first issue of Epilepsia appeared in March 1909 and the ILAE was inaugurated in August 1909; and both have flourished and celebrate their centenaries this year.

  10. Processamento auditivo em indivíduos com epilepsia de lobo temporal Auditory processing in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Meneguello

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available A epilepsia do lobo temporal ocasiona descargas elétricas excessivas onde a via auditiva tem sua estação final. É uma das formas mais comuns e de mais difícil controle da doença. O correto processamento dos estímulos auditivos necessita da integridade anatômica e funcional de todas as estruturas envolvidas na via auditiva. OBJETIVO: Verificar o Processamento Auditivo de pacientes portadores de epilepsia do lobo temporal quanto aos mecanismos de discriminação de sons em seqüência e de padrões tonais, discriminação da direção da fonte sonora e atenção seletiva para sons verbais e não-verbais. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados oito indivíduos com epilepsia do lobo temporal confirmada e com foco restrito a essa região, através dos testes auditivos especiais: Teste de Localização Sonora, Teste de Padrão de Duração, Teste Dicótico de Dígitos e Teste Dicótico Não-Verbal. O seu desempenho foi comparado ao de indivíduos sem alteração neurológica (estudo caso-controle. RESULTADO: Os sujeitos com epilepsia do lobo temporal apresentaram desempenho semelhante aos do grupo controle quanto ao mecanismo de discriminação da direção da fonte sonora e desempenho inferior quanto aos demais mecanismos avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com epilepsia do lobo temporal apresentaram maior prejuízo no processamento auditivo que os sem danos corticais, de idades semelhantes.Temporal epilepsy, one of the most common presentation of this pathology, causes excessive electrical discharges in the area where we have the final station of the auditory pathway. Both the anatomical and functional integrity of the auditory pathway structures are essential for the correct processing of auditory stimuli. AIM: to check the Auditory Processing in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy regarding the auditory mechanisms of discrimination from sequential sounds and tone patterns, discrimination of the sound source direction and selective attention to verbal

  11. Tratamento da epilepsia na infância com mogadon Treatment of epilepsy in children with Mogadon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio B. Lefèvre

    1969-06-01

    Full Text Available São analisados os resultados obtidos com o emprego do Mogadon em 68 casos de epilepsia em crianças (34 com síndrome de West, 14 com epilepsia tipo P.M. ausência simples e 20 com formas atípicas de P.M., todos rebeldes aos tratamentos convencionais experimentados em várias combinações, e durante tempo variável, porém quase sempre bastante longo. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava intenso retardamento psicomotor, provavelmente decorrente da longa evolução não controlada da epilepsia. Os resultados foram muito bons no que diz respeito ao controle das crises (100% em 28, 75% em 22, 50% em 10, 25% em um e nulo apenas em 7 casos. O resultado sôbre o desenvolvimento psicomotor foi menos brilhante, pois poucos pacientes melhoraram com o controle das crises. Os efeitos colaterais foram pouco importantes, tendo sido nulos em 41; em 23 foi notada sonolëncia (em dois acompanhada de ataxia; em 4 houve queixa de insônia controlável com barbitúricos. O seguimento após o tratamento variou de 6 a 18 meses.Therapeutic results with Mogadon in 68 children with epilepsy (34 cases of West syndrome, 14 with tipical P.M. seizures, 20 with atypical P.M. seizures resistant to conventional therapy employed previously in various combinations for prolonged periods, is reported. The majority of the patients showed intense psychomotor retardation, probably due to the non-controlled evolution of the cases, before the administration of Mogadon. Results were excellent in regard to the control of the crise's frequency (100% in 28, 75% in 22, 50% in 10, 25% in one, and null in 7 cases. Concerning the psychomotor development the results were less evident. Side effects were negligible, being absent in 41 cases; 23 patients showed somnolence, accompanied by ataxia in two cases. Four patients complained of insomnia, promptly controlled with barbiturates. The period of post-treatment follow-up ranged between 6 and 18 months.

  12. Carbamazepine does not alter the intrinsic cardiac function in rats with epilepsy Carbamazepina não altera o funcionamento cardíaco intrínseco em ratos com epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego B Colugnati

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Among the causes for sudden unexpected death (SUDEP in epilepsy, the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the heart have been poorly explored. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (in vivo and isolated ex vivo and ventricular pressure (isolated ex vivo of rats with and without epilepsy treated with carbamazepine. Four groups of adult, male Wistar rats (200-250 g were studied: [A] control rats (n=8, received neither pilocarpine nor carbamazepine [B] carbamazepine-treated rats (n=8, received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks; [C] rats with epilepsy that received just saline solution (n=8; [D] rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks (n=8. Our results showed significant increase in heart rate in animals with epilepsy (with and without the use of carbamazepine when compared to the control groups in vivo. In contrast, we did not find differences during isolated ex vivo experiments comparing animals with and without epilepsy and despite the use of carbamazepine. Our results suggest that, in isolation, carbamazepine may not be a potential risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.Entre as causas de morte súbita em epilepsia (SUDEPE, os efeitos das drogas antiepilépticas no coração têm sido pobremente explorados. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência cardíaca (in vivo e de forma isolada ex vivo e a pressão ventricular (de forma isolada ex vivo de ratos com e sem epilepsia tratados com carbamazepina. Quatro grupos de ratos Wistar machos adultos (peso 200 a 250 g foram estudados: [A] ratos controle (n=8, não receberam pilocarpina ou carbamazepina; [B] ratos tratados com carbamazepina (n=8, receberam dose diária de carbamazepina de 120 mg/kg intraperitoneal, durante duas semanas (n=8; [C] ratos com epilepsia que receberam solução salina; [D] ratos com epilepsia que receberam dose diária de

  13. Paradigms for subdural grids' implantation in patients with refractory epilepsy Paradigmas para implante de placas subdurais em pacientes com epilepsia refratária

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ARTHUR CUKIERT

    2000-09-01

    , SPECT e RM diminuíram em muito a necessidade da utilização de eletrodos invasivos na investigação pré-operatória de pacientes epilépticos. No entanto, 10 a 30% dos pacientes com epilepsias refratárias ainda possuem investigação não-invasiva inconclusiva. Este estudo relata nossos paradigmas para o implante de eletrodos subdurais nesta população de epilépticos refratários. MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove pacientes portadores de epilepsias refratárias foram estudados. Eles foram divididos em 5 grupos de síndromes epilépticas que incluíam a maioria dos pacientes submetidos a implantes: bitemporais (grupo I; n=16, bifrontomesiais (grupo II; n=5, hemisféricos (grupo III; n=2, quadrante anterior (grupo IV; n=3 e quadrante posterior (grupo V; n=3. Todos foram submetidos a extensos implantes subdurais (de 64 a 160 contatos cobrindo todo o córtex potencialmente epileptogênico, sob anestesia geral. RESULTADOS: Todos pacientes toleraram bem o procedimento. Vinte e dois pacientes referiram cefaléia. Não houve outro sinal ou sintoma sugestivo de hipertensão intracraniana. Com exceção de um paciente do grupo II, a monitorização eletrocorticográfica crônica foi capaz de definir uma área focal própria para a ressecção cortical. A estimulação cortical foi capaz de mapear as áreas eloquentes necessárias em todos os pacientes dos grupos II a V. CONCLUSÃO: Alguns pacientes com epilepsia refratária ainda necessitam de avaliação invasiva apesar dos avanços nos métodos diagnósticos pré-operatórios. A padronização dos paradigmas para implante subdural destes pacientes bem como o estudo de populações homogêneas de pacientes definidas por RM levará a melhor compreensão da fisiopatologia envolvida nestes casos bem como a melhores resultados cirúrgicos.

  14. Validación de una encuesta para medir conocimientos y creencias sobre epilepsia, en los padres de familia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam Mendoza

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available La Epilepsia es una enfermedad crónica que en muchos casos se encuentra ligada a conceptos mágico-religiosos que condicionan rechazo social. Objetivo: Elaborar y validar un cuestionario que permita medir el grado de conocimientos y creencias sobre epilepsia en los padres de familia. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal para la construcción de un instrumento válido y confiable. Se determinó la validez cualitativa por medio del análisis de expertos y la validez cuantitativa, (confiabilidad y validez interna, a través del cálculo del KR-20, el índice de correlación intraclase y el índice de discriminación, respectivamente. Resultados: El coeficiente KR- 20 fue de 0,89 y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase 0,986, ambos considerados como valores altos. Además, se obtuvo valores para el índice de discriminación de cada ítem dentro de los límites aceptados. Conclusiones: El instrumento elaborado es válido y confiable.

  15. Algunas consideraciones en relación con los medicamentos antiepilépticos de nueva generación en los niños Some considerations in relation to the new generation antiepileptic drugs in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Desiderio Pozo Lauzán

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar las principales drogas antiepilépticas de segunda generación y su administración en los niños: vigabatrina, felbamato, lamotrigina, topiramato, tiagabina, oxcarbazepina, zonisamida, levetiracetam y stiripentol. Al inicio se recomendaron en pacientes adultos con epilepsias focales refractarias, sin embargo desde hace varios años, se ha demostrado su eficacia en diferentes tipos de crisis en los niños. La lamotrigina y el topiramato se consideran medicamentos de amplio espectro. Se enfatiza en el metabolismo, vías de eliminación, indicaciones, dosis en los niños, interacciones medicamentosas y efectos colaterales de los medicamentos antiepilépticos de segunda generación. Se mencionan algunos de los nuevos medicamentos que actualmente están en investigación como antiepilépticos y que constituyen una tercera generaciónThe objective of this paper is to review the main second generation antiepileptic drugs and their administration in children: vigatrine, felbamate, lamotrigine, topiramate, tiagabine, oxcarbazepine, zonisamide, leventiracetam and stiripentol. At the beginning, they were recommended in adult patients with focal refractory epilepsies; however, their efficacy in different types of seizures in children has been proved for some years. Lamotrigine and topiramate are considered drugs of wide spectrum. Emphasis is made on metabolism, routes of elimination, indications, doses in children, drug interactions and side effects of the second generation antiepileptic drugs. Some of the new drugs that are currently under study as antiepileptic and that constitute a third generation, are mentioned.

  16. Estudio de la densidad ósea en niños y adolescentes con afectación moderada y severa por parálisis cerebral

    OpenAIRE

    Tatay Díaz, Ángela

    2016-01-01

    Falta palabras claves El término Parálisis Cerebral describe un grupo de trastornos permanentes del movimiento y la postura que provocan limitación de la actividad y que son secundarios a un daño puntual y no progresivo en el cerebro en desarrollo. Los trastornos motores de la Parálisis Cerebral se acompañan con frecuencia de alteraciones sensitivas, perceptivas, cognitivas, de la comunicación y el comportamiento, epilepsia y problemas secundarios a nivel del sistema musculoesquelético. ...

  17. O uso do grupo focal em pesquisa qualitativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lúcia Beatriz Ressel

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar el uso del grupo focal como técnica de recolección de datos en una tesis de doctorado, resultado de una investigación cualitativa. El grupo focal utiliza sesiones grupales de discusión, teniendo como foco central un tópico específico a ser debatido por los participantes. La investigación focalizó la temática de la sexualidad en la asistencia de enfermería, bajo una perspectiva cultural, siendo desarrollada con dos grupos de enfermeras: docentes y asistenciales. Comprendió ocho encuentros, y cada uno fue planeado por separado. La evaluación del proceso se realizó por medio de entrevistas con las enfermeras, destacando como puntos positivos la conducción hacia el pensamiento crítico y al proceso de desalineación; y la posibilidad de que esta técnica revele significados singulares y a que ellos se relacionen desde el punto de vista de los sujetos investigados. Esa técnica facilitó el abordaje de la sexualidad, desconstruyendo y reconstruyendo conceptos y buscando respuestas para las inquietudes del tema.

  18. Diagnóstico e tratamento de epilepsia e crises pseudoepilépticas psicogênicas associadas: relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marchetti Renato Luiz

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 26 anos em que é evidenciada a importância médica do diagnóstico diferencial entre epilepsia e crises pseudo-epilépticas psicogênicas (CPEP e do seu tratamento. A paciente, uma professora desempregada, com crises desde os 13 anos, foi encaminhada ao PROJEPSI para diagnóstico e tratamento de CPEP. Seu diagnóstico inicial foi de epilepsia parcial sintomática por lesão tumoral cística em região occipto-temporal esquerda, associada a CPEP. Submetida a craniotomia occipital com ressecção de processo expansivo em região de istmo do cíngulo, evoluiu com persistência das CPEP. Submetida a tratamento psicológico integrado envolvendo técnicas de condicionamento operante, manejo de ansiedade, sugestão e orientação familiar, houve remissão completa das CPEP após 4 meses de tratamento. O caso apresentado demonstra a necessidade de múltiplos procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos e a participação de equipe multidisciplinar especializada.

  19. Epilepsia infantil : descripción clínica, evaluación neuropsicológica y tratamiento

    OpenAIRE

    Andrés Regalado, Alberto

    2015-01-01

    La epilepsia infantil es una condición de salud crónica que afecta a la calidad de vida por múltiples variables como son la frecuencia de las crisis, los fármacos antiepilépticos la frecuencia de las crisis y el tiempo de transcurso de las mismas, la intervención en los periodos infantiles mejoraría la evaluación del sujeto facilitando su adaptación a la vida normal

  20. UTILIZAÇÃO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS NO TRATAMENTO E/OU PREVENÇÃO DA EPILEPSIA: UMA PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    AnaPaula Santos Correia Lima da Silva

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Nos últimos anos houve um aumento na busca por novos agentes terapêuticos utilizando plantas medicinais para o tratamento de distúrbios psiquiátricos, por isso estudos com fitoterápicos estão sendo bastante reconhecidos como uma perspectiva nos tratamentos de doenças neurodegenerativas. Entre essas patologias pode ser descrita a epilepsia um dos distúrbios neurológicos mais comuns, apresentando uma taxa de prevalência de 5%. Partido deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um rastreamento das pesquisas já desenvolvidas e com resultados patenteados, avaliando as utilizações de plantas medicinais no manejo dos sintomas clínicos da epilepsia por meio do mapeamento de patentes nas bases de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI, Organização Mundial de Propriedade Intelectual (WIPO, Banco Europeu de Patentes (EPO e no Banco Americano de Marcas e Patentes (USPTO. Foi possível observar um pequeno número de patentes relacionadas às plantas medicinais e sua aplicabilidade no tratamento da epilepsia. Foi verificado também que nos últimos 10 anos o número de pedidos de patentes depositados nas bases PCT e EPO representa 51 e 45%, respectivamente, do total de patentes existente, estando alocadas principalmente na subclasse A61K (preparações para finalidades médicas, odontológicas ou higiênicas. No entanto, é grande a necessidade de descoberta de novas opções terapêuticas no tratamento da epileptogênese. Sendo, assim, há uma lacuna tecnológica a ser preenchida e um campo promissor para pesquisa e desenvolvimento de inovações tecnológicas.

  1. Efecto de la 2-fenil-4,4-bis-(hidroximetil)-2-oxazolina en la respuesta del giro dentado a la estimulación de la corteza endorrinal y en la actividad eléctrica espontánea del gerbil de Mongolia

    OpenAIRE

    Díaz Molina, Milena; Pérez Saad, Héctor M.

    2006-01-01

    La epilepsia constituye un desorden neurológico de gran incidencia en la población, con un marcado impacto familiar y social. El gerbil de Mongolia es un modelo de epilepsia de gran utilidad, pues este animal desarrolla crisis espontáneas fenomenológicamente similares a las epilepsias refractarias. En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de la 2-fenil-4,4-bis-(hidroximetil)-2-oxazolina (OX) en la respuesta del giro dentado a la estimulación eléctrica de la corteza endorrinal y en la activ...

  2. Epilepsia temporal estudo psiquiátrico evolutivo de uma série tratada cirurgicamente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudio Rossi

    1988-03-01

    Full Text Available Os autores estudaram do ponto de vista psiquiátrico, no pré e no pós-operatório, série de 31 casos operados por epilepsia temporal incontrolável. Esta, com seu substrato fisiopatológico, está associada a irritabilidade patológica, tenacidade afetiva, impulsividade, disfunção cognitiva epiléptica e deficiências de abstração nos processos intelectuais. As altas incidências dessas psicopatologias nos doentes estudados demonstram essa associação e sugerem fortemente a existência de relação causal entre elas e a epilepsia temporal. As lobectomias temporais unilaterais se mostraram eficazes para o controle das crises epilépticas, cuja freqüência se reduziu intensamente no pós-operatório. As cirurgias promoveram intensa e útil redução nas manifestações da irritabilidade patológica, da impulsividade, da disfunção cognitiva epiléptica e das instabilidades da capacidade de abstração promovidas por impactos afetivos. A tenacidade afetiva foi pouco alterada pelas operações, embora tenha ocorrido efeito favorável. Incapacidades de abstração, estáveis, não foram afetadas pelas cirurgias. A presença de focos em ambos os lobos temporais não diminuiu a eficácia da cirurgia, nem quanto a seu efeito sobre as crises, nem quanto a seu efeito sobre as alterações psicopatológicas estudadas.

  3. El virus HHV-6 y su relación con los trastornos del neurodesarrollo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alma Dzib Goodin

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Casos / Brief Report Resumen El virus HHV-6 es parte de la familia de los herpesvirus y se encuentra presente en la mayoría de los humanos, aunque sólo se activa para atacar a su huésped en casos donde se presenta inmunodepresión. Posee dos subtipos que se diferencian por el tamaño y la forma de infección que son el HHV-6A y el HHV-6B. En los recién nacidos, se le ha detectado y relacionado con trastornos neuro pediátricos desde hace más de 15 años. Principalmente se le relaciona con la epilepsia benigna, las convulsiones febriles, la encefalitis, la meningoencefalitis, la meningitis y la esclerosis multiple. Actualmente el virus se evoca en estudios de caso relacionados con los trastornos del neurodesarrollo, debido a que éste puede atacar el Sistema Nervioso Central. El daño causado se manifestaría a largo plazo a través de una presentación sintomática similar a lo que se observa por ejemplo en los trastornos del espectro autista. Este artículo busca analizar la presencia del virus y su relación con los trastornos del desarrollo en infantes alrededor del mundo.

  4. LIPOMA CEREBRAL EN CUERPO CALLOSO: HALLAZGO INCIDENTAL EN PACIENTE CON EVENTO CEREBROVASCULAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria Cárcamo-Portillo

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Los lipomas intracraneales son lesiones infrecuentes y benignas que representan el 0,03 al 0,08% de todas las masas intracraneales. Estos se encuentran relacionados a un defecto de la línea media debido a un mal cierre del tubo neural; lo que conlleva a una mala diferenciación y una persistencia anormal de la meninge primitiva con posterior diferenciación al tejido adiposo. La mitad de los casos permanecen asintomáticos y son diagnosticados como un hallazgo incidental en los estudios imagenológicos. Sin embargo, otros casos se asocian a sintomatología neurológica como retraso psicomotor, cefalea, epilepsia y parálisis cerebral. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 46 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2; que cursa con sintomatología de Evento Cerebrovascular Isquémico por lo que le realizan –una Tomografía Computarizada (TC y una Resonancia Magnética (RM. En el reporte se describen múltiples infartos a nivel del hemisferio cerebral izquierdo mientras que al nivel de la línea media se observó una imagen compatible con lipoma cerebral que afectaba el rostro, la rodilla y la porción anterior del cuerpo calloso. La identificación de este hallazgo fue incidental. Palabras claves: Lipoma Cerebral; Cuerpo Calloso; Resonancia Magnética; Accidente Cerebrovascular. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME.

  5. Estatus Eléctrico durante el sueño lento y factores de Riesgo Neurológico: Diferentes manifestaciones de un mismo sindrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica María Uscátegui Daccarett

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio se realizó para conocer las características de un grupo de pacientes con estatus eléctrico en sueño lento evaluados en la Fundación Liga Central Contra la Epilepsia, entre los años 2003 a 2013. Se buscaron factores asociados al desarrollo del síndrome, así como la respuesta al tratamiento. De los pacientes detectados que cumplieron con los criterios según ILAE 2010, se tomaron datos sobre antecedentes, síntomas y respuesta terapéutica. En ese periodo de tiempo fueron diagnosticados 15 pacientes, 60% varones; 11 iniciaron con epilepsia y 4 por alteraciones del neurodesarrollo o del aprendizaje. Todos presentaron alteraciones comportamentales y 12 epilepsia, manifestada por diferentes tipos de crisis, que en un 66% fue de difícil control pese a recibir diferentes esquemas antiepilépticos. La mayoría de ellos presentaron antecedentes de riesgo pre, peri o posnatales, considerando que estos explican la dificultad en el diagnóstico inicial y las dificultades posteriores en el tratamiento.

  6. Inventário simplificado de qualidade de vida na epilepsia infantil: primeiros resultados Simplified inventory of quality of life in childhood epilepsy: initial results

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PAULA TEIXEIRA FERNANDES

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar como os pais percebem a qualidade de vida dos filhos epilépticos e se crenças relativas à epilepsia controlam a relação pais e filhos. MÉTODO: Foram aplicados 21 protocolos do "Inventário Simplificado de Qualidade de Vida na Epilepsia Infantil" em pais de crianças com 6 a 14 anos portadoras de epilepsia benigna da infância. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 86% dos pais relataram crenças relativas à epilepsia. A maioria dos pais avaliou a qualidade de vida dos filhos como muito boa, mas relataram dificuldades no lidar com eles. Aparecem comportamentos de superproteção (62% e sentimentos de preocupação, medo e insegurança (90%. As crianças foram avaliadas como irritadas (52%, dependentes (38%, agitadas e inquietas (38%. No que diz respeito à escola, 33% das crianças freqüentam escolas especiais e apresentam dificuldades escolares e de relacionamento. CONCLUSÃO: Crenças e desinformação parecem controlar o comportamento dos pais na maneira de lidar com seus filhos epilépticos, gerando comportamentos inadequados, apesar disto, percebem a qualidade de vida dos mesmos como muito boa.PURPOSE: to check how parents realize the quality of life of their epileptic children and if the relationship is controlled by their beliefs about epilepsy. METHOD: it has been applied 21 protocols of "Simplified inventory of quality of life in childhood epilepsy" to parents of children aged between 6-14 years old with benign childhood epilepsy. RESULTS: it was observed that 86% of parents evaluated their children's quality of life as very good, but reported difficulties to deal with them. Behaviors of overprotection (62% and feelings of worry, fear and insecurity (90% were observed. The children were evaluated as irritated (52%, dependents (38%, overwroughts and inquiets (38%. About school, 33% are in special schools and have difficulties of academic and relationship. CONCLUSION: it was verified a lot of beliefs and acknowledgement

  7. Caso severo de manifestaciones bucales de la hiperplasia epitelial focal

    OpenAIRE

    Jonathan Harris Ricardo; Natalia Fortich Mesa

    2012-01-01

    La hiperplasia epitelial focal, conocida también como enfermedad de Heck, es una patología benigna que se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples pápulas en la mucosa de la cavidad bucal; es producida por los subtipos 13 y 32 del virus del papiloma humano, aunque también se le relaciona con factores genéticos, inmunosupresión e higiene bucal deficiente pero con poco sustento científico; afecta principalmente a niños y adolescentes. Se reporta caso clínico de paciente femenina de 7 años de e...

  8. Suplementación con vitamina D en epilepsia: estudio en pacientes con antiepilépticos clásicos y de nueva generación

    OpenAIRE

    Villegas Martinez, Irene

    2016-01-01

    INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: el metabolismo óseo es un sistema complejo en el que intervienen numerosos actores, como la vitamina D. Los farmacos antiepilépticos (FAEs) clásicos como la carbamacepina (CBZ), la fenitoína (PHT) o el ácido valproico (VPA), se han relacionado con la aparición de una osteoporosis prematura en los pacientes epilépticos y se recomienda la suplementación con vitamina D, pero la dosis e incluso el tipo de suplementación no está clara. También se desconoce el impacto de l...

  9. Fatores preditivos da disfunção sexual em pacientes com diagnóstico de epilepsia

    OpenAIRE

    Vieira, Fábio Cavalcanti de Faria

    2015-01-01

    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Florianópolis, 2015. A disfunção erétil é relatada com frequência por pacientes com epilepsia e sua etiologia provavelmente é multifatorial, incluindo anormalidades do sistema endocrinológico, efeitos colaterais de fármacos antiepilépticos, comorbidades psiquiátricas e dificuldades familiares e sociais do paciente. Neste trabalho avaliamos a função er...

  10. Acute Porphyria Presenting as Epilepsia Partialis Continua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thi Phuoc Yen Tran

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: The porphyrias are a defect in the biosynthesis of heme which can be associated with different neurological symptoms during acute attacks such as peripheral neuropathy, mental disturbance and seizures. So far, there have only been a few case reports of status epilepticus, none of which were of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC. We present here two cases of hereditary coproporphyria (HCP manifesting EPC as part of the clinical presentation. Method: The patients' medical charts, EEG and imaging studies were carefully reviewed. Results: Case 1 is a 49-year-old male who first presented a tonic-clonic seizure. Case 2 is a 30-year-old male who came to the emergency room for a convulsive status epilepticus. Both evolved to EPC over the next days. EPC persisted despite several antiepileptic drug trials. Diagnosis of HCP was confirmed by a high level of urine, fecal and serum porphyrins in both cases and by genetic testing in one. Over the last 3 years, the first patient has continued to present non-disabling EPC and has had four tonic-clonic seizures associated with alcohol consumption. The second patient died from brain edema one month and half after admission. Conclusion: Acute porphyrias should be included in the differential diagnosis of new onset status epilepticus, including EPC. Their recognition is important as it modifies significantly patient management, since many anticonvulsants are porphyrogenic.

  11. Efeito antioxidante da buspirona no modelo de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Benvindo Ferreira

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Crises epilépticas induzidas por pilocarpina podem produzir alterações histopatológicas em muitas regiões cerebrais como consequência da produção excessiva de radicais livres. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito antioxidante da buspirona no modelo de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Quarenta e oito animais foram divididos em quatro grupos. O primeiro grupo foi tratado com solução salina 0,9% (Controle. O segundo grupo foi tratado com pilocarpina 400 mg/kg (P400. Por sua vez, o terceiro grupo foi tratado com buspirona 5 mg/kg (BUSP durante 14 dias consecutivos. Já os animais do quarto grupo foram tratados com buspirona durante 14 dias consecutivos, e, 30 minutos após a última administração dela, os camundongos receberam P400 (BUSP + P400. RESULTADOS: Durante o período do tratamento não se observaram sinais de toxicidade e nenhuma morte entre os animais tratados com buspirona. Em nosso estudo o grupo tratado com P400 demonstrou um aumento significativo da produção de nitrito e nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica após as crises epilépticas. Por outro lado, no hipocampo dos animais que receberam o pré-tratamento com buspirona e após 30 minutos receberam P400, foi observada redução significativa nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica (65% e nitrito (85%, bem como aumento na atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase. CONCLUSÃO: O pré-tratamento com BUSP aumentou a latência para primeira crise epiléptica e diminuiu a taxa de mortalidade e o número de animais que apresentaram crise epiléptica e que progridem para o estado de mal epiléptico. Além disso, apresentou efeitos anticonvulsivantes associados com a redução do estresse oxidativo hipocampal no modelo de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina.

  12. Provável síndrome de Rasmussen: relato de caso

    OpenAIRE

    CORAL, LUÍZ CARLOS; HAAS, LEANDRO JOSÉ

    1999-01-01

    A síndrome de encefalite crônica com epilepsia (síndrome de Rasmussen) ocorre tipicamente em crianças e é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de epilepsia focal intratável, hemiparesia progressiva e deterioração intelectual. A etiologia é desconhecida e as anormalidades patológicas variam com a fase da doença. Relatamos o caso de um paciente jovem, com 17 anos de idade, com apresentação clínica da provável síndrome de Rasmussen. Discutimos a etiologia e o tratamento da patologia. The syndro...

  13. Provável síndrome de Rasmussen: relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CORAL LUÍZ CARLOS

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de encefalite crônica com epilepsia (síndrome de Rasmussen ocorre tipicamente em crianças e é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de epilepsia focal intratável, hemiparesia progressiva e deterioração intelectual. A etiologia é desconhecida e as anormalidades patológicas variam com a fase da doença. Relatamos o caso de um paciente jovem, com 17 anos de idade, com apresentação clínica da provável síndrome de Rasmussen. Discutimos a etiologia e o tratamento da patologia.

  14. A epilepsia, o epiléptico e o trabalho: relações conflitantes Epilepsy, epileptics, and work: conflicting relations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Rosa Silva Sarmento

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available A inserção dos portadores de epilepsia no trabalho vem condicionada por um conjunto de fatores interrelacionados referentes à epilepsia, ao indivíduo epiléptico e aos códigos culturais implícitos na sociedade. A fim de analisar essa inserção conflitiva, que interfere decisivamente na qualidade de vida do epiléptico, realizou-se uma investigação com 339 pacientes do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Aplicaram-se questionários incluindo: nível educacional, qualificação profissional, situação de emprego, freqüência e tipo de crise, duração, fenômenos associados e formas de discriminação. Constata-se que o controle das crises é fator decisivo para o ingresso e permanência no mercado de trabalho. Todos os pacientes com crises diárias e 9,3% daqueles com crises semanais nunca exerceram atividade regular remunerada. Intervir nesse quadro supõe: a implementação de programas terapêuticos multiprofissionais e intersetoriais, uma legislação que proteja os direitos do epiléptico e um amplo investimento no sentido de desmistificar a epilepsia.Participation in the workplace by people with epilepsy is conditioned by various interrelated issues concerning epilepsy itself, the epileptic individual, and society's implicit cultural codes. In order to analyze how such conflictive participation interferes decisively in the quality of life of people with epilepsy, a survey was conducted with 339 patients at the University Hospital of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Patients answered questionnaires including level of schooling, professional qualifications, employment situation, frequency, type, and duration of seizures, associated phenomena, and prejudice towards epilepsy. We observed that satisfactory management of seizures is decisive for their success at work. All patients with daily seizures and 9.3% of those with weekly seizures had never been employed. We conclude that any intervention in this context

  15. TRIM15 is a focal adhesion protein that regulates focal adhesion disassembly

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uchil, Pradeep D.; Pawliczek, Tobias; Reynolds, Tracy D.; Ding, Siyuan; Hinz, Angelika; Munro, James B.; Huang, Fang; Floyd, Robert W.; Yang, Haitao; Hamilton, William L.; Bewersdorf, Joerg; Xiong, Yong; Calderwood, David A.; Mothes, Walther

    2014-01-01

    ABSTRACT Focal adhesions are macromolecular complexes that connect the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Dynamic turnover of focal adhesions is crucial for cell migration. Paxillin is a multi-adaptor protein that plays an important role in regulating focal adhesion dynamics. Here, we identify TRIM15, a member of the tripartite motif protein family, as a paxillin-interacting factor and a component of focal adhesions. TRIM15 localizes to focal contacts in a myosin-II-independent manner by an interaction between its coiled-coil domain and the LD2 motif of paxillin. Unlike other focal adhesion proteins, TRIM15 is a stable focal adhesion component with restricted mobility due to its ability to form oligomers. TRIM15-depleted cells display impaired cell migration and reduced focal adhesion disassembly rates, in addition to enlarged focal adhesions. Thus, our studies demonstrate a cellular function for TRIM15 as a regulatory component of focal adhesion turnover and cell migration. PMID:25015296

  16. Topiramato: uma experiência em crianças com epilepsia parcial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rocha Cristiane

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudamos a resposta clínica ao topiramato (TPM em crianças abaixo de 15 anos de idade. O tratamento foi iniciado com doses de 12,5 mg/kg/dia (1-7 mg/kg/dia, com aumentos semanais de 12,5 mg. Foram estudadadas 11 crianças, 9 do sexo feminino e 2 do masculino, de 3 a 14 anos de idade, com epilepsia parcial associada a etiologias diversas. Apenas um paciente teve dor abdominal intensa. Após o início do TPM, um paciente teve controle total das crises, 5 tiveram melhora maior que 75% na frequência delas, 1 paciente apresentou melhora em 50% e 3 não tiveram controle. Ao final, verificamos controle adequado das crises mesmo em quadros mais graves, com doses de até 100 mg/dia do TPM e em associação a carbamazepina, na maioria dos casos.

  17. La salud en personas con discapacidad intelectual en España: estudio europeo POMONA-II

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez-Leal, Rafael; Salvador-Carulla, Luis; Gutiérrez-Colosía, Mencía Ruiz; Nadal, Margarida; Novell-Alsina, Ramón; Martorell, Almudena; González-Gordón, Rodrigo G.; Mérida-Gutiérrez, M. Reyes; Ángel, Silvia; Milagrosa-Tejonero, Luisa; Rodríguez, Alicia; García-Gutiérrez, Juan C.; Pérez-Vicente, Amado; García-Ibáñez, José; Aguilera-Inés, Francisco

    2011-01-01

    Introducción Estudios internacionales demuestran que existe un patrón diferenciado de salud y una disparidad en la atención sanitaria entre personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) y población general. Objetivo Obtener datos sobre el estado de salud de las personas con DI y compararlos con datos de población general. Pacientes y métodos Se utilizó el conjunto de indicadores de salud P15 en una muestra de 111 sujetos con DI. Los datos de salud encontrados se compararon según el tipo de residencia de los sujetos y se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2006 para comparar estos datos con los de la población general. Resultados La muestra con DI presentó 25 veces más casos de epilepsia y el doble de obesidad. Un 20% presentó dolor bucal, y existió una alta presencia de problemas sensoriales, de movilidad y psicosis. Sin embargo, encontramos una baja presencia de patologías como la diabetes, la hipertensión, la osteoartritis y la osteoporosis. También presentaron una menor participación en programas de prevención y promoción de la salud, un mayor número de ingresos hospitalarios y un uso menor de los servicios de urgencia. Conclusiones El patrón de salud de las personas con DI difiere del de la población general, y éstas realizan un uso distinto de los servicios sanitarios. Es importante el desarrollo de programas de promoción de salud y de formación profesional específicamente diseñados para la atención de personas con DI, así como la implementación de encuestas de salud que incluyan datos sobre esta población. PMID:21948011

  18. Physical exercise in rats with epilepsy is protective against seizures: evidence of animal studies Exercício físico em ratos com epilepsia como fator protetor contra crises epilépticas: evidencias de estudos em animais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Mario Arida

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available People with epilepsy have been discouraged from participating in physical activity due to the fear that it will exacerbate seizures. Clinical and animal studies indicate a reduction of seizure frequency as well as decrease susceptibility to subsequently evoked seizures after an exercise program. Analyses from experimental studies of animals with epilepsy submitted to physical training programs were performed. In all studies the physical training was able to reduce the number of spontaneous seizures in rats with epilepsy. Seizure occurrence during exercise was relatively absent in the majority of studies. No death was found in animals with epilepsy during 1680 h of exercise. Based on these results it is plausible encouraging persons with epilepsy to non-pharmacological treatments and preventative measures such as physical exercise.Pessoas com epilepsia têm sido desencorajadas da prática de atividade física por receio do exercício físico exacerbar as crises epilépticas. Estudos clínicos e em animais mostram uma redução da frequência de crises, assim como diminuição da susceptibilidade a crises subseqüentes após programa de exercício físico. Neste estudo realizamos uma análise de estudos experimentais de animais com epilepsia submetidos a programas de exercício físico. Em todos os estudos, o treinamento físico foi capaz de reduzir o número de crises espontâneas em ratos com epilepsia. A ocorrência de crises durante o exercício físico foi relativamente ausente na maioria dos estudos. Nenhuma morte foi encontrada em animais com epilepsia durante 1680 h de exercício físico. Baseados nestes resultados parece aceitável encorajar as pessoas com epilepsia a tratamentos não farmacológicos e medidas preventivas como o exercício físico.

  19. Valor localizador y lateralizador de la manifestación motora facial unilateral en epilepsias focales, utilizando VEEG y/o estimulación cortical directa cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalia Paoli

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Las manifestaciones motoras faciales unilaterales (MMFU se describen clásicamente en crisis que inician en la región central inferior contralateral. Para evaluar el valor localizador y lateralizador de MMFU en crisis espontáneas registradas en videoelectroencefalografía (VEEG y de MMFU obtenidas por estimulación cortical directa cerebral, analizamos 83 crisis con MMFU durante VEEG y 8 pacientes que presentaron MMFU durante estimulación cortical directa cerebral. Correlacionamos localización y lateralidad de la hipótesis de zona epileptógena con el tiempo de aparición  de MMFU, y la zona de estimulación cortical directa cerebral que desencadenó MMFU con su lateralidad. En 61 crisis con MMFU (73.4% la hipótesis de zona epileptógena no correspondió a la región central contralateral, por corresponder a la región central ipsilateral o a otras regiones tanto homolaterales como contralaterales. La MMFU se registró en forma precoz en 51.1% de las crisis con hipótesis de zona epileptógena en la región frontal, en  56% de las crisis con hipótesis de zona epileptógena en la región central y en 80% de las crisis con hipótesis de zona epileptógena en el lóbulo temporal. No registramos MMFU precoz  en las crisis con hipótesis de zona epileptógena en la región posterior. En 2 (25% de 8 pacientes con MMFU provocada por estimulación cortical directa cerebral, la zona de la estimulación no fue la región central inferior contralateral. Concluimos que las MMFU pueden deberse a descargas alejadas de la región central inferior, tanto ipsilaterales como contralaterales.

  20. Termination of seizure clusters is related to the duration of focal seizures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferastraoaru, Victor; Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas; Lipton, Richard B; Dümpelmann, Matthias; Legatt, Alan D; Blumberg, Julie; Haut, Sheryl R

    2016-06-01

    Clustered seizures are characterized by shorter than usual interseizure intervals and pose increased morbidity risk. This study examines the characteristics of seizures that cluster, with special attention to the final seizure in a cluster. This is a retrospective analysis of long-term inpatient monitoring data from the EPILEPSIAE project. Patients underwent presurgical evaluation from 2002 to 2009. Seizure clusters were defined by the occurrence of at least two consecutive seizures with interseizure intervals of <4 h. Other definitions of seizure clustering were examined in a sensitivity analysis. Seizures were classified into three contextually defined groups: isolated seizures (not meeting clustering criteria), terminal seizure (last seizure in a cluster), and intracluster seizures (any other seizures within a cluster). Seizure characteristics were compared among the three groups in terms of duration, type (focal seizures remaining restricted to one hemisphere vs. evolving bilaterally), seizure origin, and localization concordance among pairs of consecutive seizures. Among 92 subjects, 77 (83%) had at least one seizure cluster. The intracluster seizures were significantly shorter than the last seizure in a cluster (p = 0.011), whereas the last seizure in a cluster resembled the isolated seizures in terms of duration. Although focal only (unilateral), seizures were shorter than seizures that evolved bilaterally and there was no correlation between the seizure type and the seizure position in relation to a cluster (p = 0.762). Frontal and temporal lobe seizures were more likely to cluster compared with other localizations (p = 0.009). Seizure pairs that are part of a cluster were more likely to have a concordant origin than were isolated seizures. Results were similar for the 2 h definition of clustering, but not for the 8 h definition of clustering. We demonstrated that intracluster seizures are short relative to isolated seizures and terminal seizures. Frontal

  1. Core biopsy as a simple and effective diagnostic tool in head and neck focal myositis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Chun Yee; Chong, Sheldon; Shaw, Chi-Kee Leslie

    2015-12-01

    Most unilateral head and neck masses are benign, although malignancy is a possibility in some cases. However, there are other rare causes of unilateral neck masses, such as focal myositis, which is a rare, benign condition belonging to the family of inflammatory pseudotumors of the skeletal muscles, with rare presentations in the head and neck region. Focal myositis presents as a rapidly enlarging neck mass that can be misdiagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and/or radiologic imaging as either an infective or a neoplastic process. To date, there are only 5 reported cases of adult focal myositis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the medical literature. In this article, the authors present 2 cases involving patients with focal myositis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle that were successfully diagnosed with core-needle biopsy and managed conservatively. The pros and cons of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and core-needle biopsy are discussed. Based on the authors' results, fine-needle aspiration biopsy universally fails to provide the diagnosis of focal myositis. In contrast, core-needle biopsy successfully diagnosed focal myositis in both of our patients. Both of them had complete resolution with conservative management.

  2. Manejo da epilepsia na rede básica de saúde no Brasil: os profissionais estão preparados? Managing epilepsy in the primary care network in Brazil: are health professionals prepared?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Min Li

    2005-11-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar a percepção quanto à epilepsia dos profissionais médicos e não-médicos que atuam na rede básica de saúde no Brasil. MÉTODO: Os dados foram coletados durante o VI Congresso Brasileiro de Medicina de Família e Comunidade e VI Congresso de Medicina Familiar, realizados em 2004 no Rio de Janeiro, com 1 200 participantes de todo o Brasil. Foram aplicados dois questionários, um para os médicos e outro para profissionais não-médicos da área da saúde. RESULTADOS: Quinhentas e noventa e oito pessoas responderam aos questionários. Tanto os 345 médicos como os 253 não-médicos mostraram uma percepção adequada sobre a epilepsia. A porcentagem média estimada (auto-informada de pessoas com epilepsia na população atendida pelos profissionais que participaram do estudo foi de 0,78% (286 respostas; 0 a 8%; mediana = 0,37%; de pacientes com crises controladas, 60%; de pacientes em monoterapia, 55%; de médicos que encaminhavam seus pacientes para o neurologista, 59%; e de pacientes que estavam trabalhando ou estudando, 56%. Do total de médicos, 252 (73% informaram não se sentir seguros no manejo de pessoas com epilepsia, enquanto 84 (24% sentiam-se seguros e nove (3% não sabiam; dos 252 médicos que se sentiam inseguros, 226 (90% disseram que participariam de um treinamento para melhorar a qualidade do atendimento médico na epilepsia. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais que participaram do estudo, atuantes no sistema básico de saúde, indicaram que o sistema tem os elementos fundamentais para o tratamento integral da epilepsia. Contudo, para garantir o estabelecimento de um programa efetivo e eficiente de manejo da epilepsia na rede básica, são necessárias: uma rede de referência e contra-referência, a distribuição contínua de drogas anti-epilépticas, a monitorização do manejo da epilepsia pelo Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica do governo federal e a educação continuada de profissionais de sa

  3. Estudo crítico dos modelos experimentais em epilepsia espontânea do tipo ausência

    OpenAIRE

    Elton Pallone de Oliveira

    2011-01-01

    A epilepsia é uma das afecções neurológica mais comum na população mundial. Trata-se de uma condição crônica altamente incapacitante que acomete indivíduos de ambos os sexos e de todas as faixas etárias, com um discreto predomínio em homens e, maior freqüência em crianças abaixo de dois anos e idosos acima de 65 anos. As conseqüências de morbidade e mortalidade desta patologia repercutem negativamente na sociedade e, conseqüentemente na economia global. Estima-se que de 60 a 100 milhões de pe...

  4. Focal myositis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kransdorf, M.J.; Temple, H.T.; Sweet, D.E.

    1998-01-01

    Focal myositis is a pseudotumor of soft tissue that typically occurs in the deep soft tissue of the extremities, and is a relatively rare lesion. There is a wide clinical spectrum, with approximately one-third of patients with focal myositis subsequently developing polymyositis, and clinical symptoms of generalized weakness, fever, myalgia, and weight loss, with elevation of creatine phosphokinase. We report the case of a patient with focal myositis who subsequently developed myositis ossificans-like features. (orig.)

  5. UTILIZACIÓN DEL TELÉFONO MÓVIL PARA EL FOMENTO DE HÁBITOS SALUDABLES EN ADOLESCENTES. ESTUDIO CON GRUPOS FOCALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carme Carrion

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: El Proyecto PEGASO pretende diseñar un sistema tecnológico dirigido a adolescentes europeos para fomentar hábitos de vida saludables. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las percepciones de adolescentes, sus progenitores y profesores el uso de las tecnologías móviles, la salud y la influencia de las tecnologías en la promoción de estilos de vida saludables en cuanto a alimentación y actividad física. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo basado en datos primarios obtenidos mediante análisis de cuatro grupos focales (tres de adolescentes entre 13 y 15 años y uno de adultos, formado por padres y profesores que se realizaron en abril y mayo de 2015. Las transcripciones se analizaron bajo la perspectiva del análisis del contenido. Resultados: Emergieron cuatro categorías: 1: marco social y cultural, 2: adolescentes y salud, 3: papel de la tecnología en la vida de los adolescentes y 4: uso de la tecnología para adquirir hábitos más saludables. En cada categoría se identificaron subcategorías vinculadas al nexo entre adolescentes y salud: concepto holístico de salud, identificación de salud/enfermedad con edad adulta, relación de la salud con sentirse en buena forma y aceptación social. En relación al papel que juega la tecnología en la vida de los adolescentes, las subcategorías obtenidas fueron: conexión con otros, elemento de entretenimiento/juego, uso omnipresente del móvil y riesgos asociados a la dependencia excesiva de la tecnología. Las diferencias entre adolescentes y adultos fueron mínimas. Conclusiones: Tanto adolescentes como sus progenitores y profesores consideraron que la tecnología puede ser un buen aliado para fomentar hábitos saludables. El uso de la tecnología es eficaz en la medida que les ayude a mejorar y mantener su autoestima, de forma divertida y utilizando sus propios códigos de comunicación (fundamentalmente audiovisuales, partiendo de una percepción holística e integrada de la

  6. Epilepsia e ordem de nascimento Epilepsy and birth order

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Cesar Sandler

    1975-09-01

    Full Text Available Mediante o método de Greenwood-Yule e o teste estatístico mais sensível de que se dispõe atualmente, o x² de Halperin, foi testada a possível associação entre a prevalência de epilepsia e a ordem de nascimento de 238 pacientes. Estes pacientes foram obtidos em dois hospitais de São Paulo, na tentativa de se controlar sua classe social; tratava-se de epilépticos com variados transtornos psiquiátricos. Concluiu-se por uma associação estatisticamente significante entre a doença e a ordem de nascimento dos 238 pacientes, com uma sobre-representação nos primeiros e nos últimos nascidos.This paper deals with birth order and epilepsy. The Greenwood-Yule's method was applied, with the most powerful statistical test available, Halperin's modified chi-square. The authors concluded that there is a consistent positive association between this illness prevalence and birth order of the patients, being first and last born over-represented, irrespective of their sibship size. The data were obtained in two psychiatric hospitals in the city of São Paulo, being social class factor qualitatively controlled. All the 238 patients studied suffered a wide range of psychiatric symptoms.

  7. Focal myositis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kransdorf, M.J. [Saint Mary`s Hospital, Richmond, VA (United States). Dept. of Radiol.]|[Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC (United States); Temple, H.T. [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia (United States)]|[Department of Orthopedic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC (United States); Sweet, D.E. [Department of Orthopedic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC (United States)

    1998-05-01

    Focal myositis is a pseudotumor of soft tissue that typically occurs in the deep soft tissue of the extremities, and is a relatively rare lesion. There is a wide clinical spectrum, with approximately one-third of patients with focal myositis subsequently developing polymyositis, and clinical symptoms of generalized weakness, fever, myalgia, and weight loss, with elevation of creatine phosphokinase. We report the case of a patient with focal myositis who subsequently developed myositis ossificans-like features. (orig.) With 3 figs., 25 refs.

  8. Dieta cetogênica para epilepsia intratável em crianças e adolescentes: relato de seis casos

    OpenAIRE

    Vasconcelos,Marcio M.; Azevedo,Patricia M. Couto; Esteves,Lívia; Brito,Adriana R.; Olivaes,Maria Cecílea D. de; Herdy,Gesmar V. Haddad

    2004-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Descrever a introdução e o manejo da dieta cetogênica em um grupo de seis crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia refratária. MÉTODOS: Os autores reviram o prontuário médico de cada paciente menor de 15 anos submetido à dieta cetogênica entre abril de 1999 e julho de 2003 e compararam os resultados terapêuticos e efeitos adversos e benéficos com a literatura pertinente. RESULTADOS: A dieta cetogênica foi introduzida para seis pacientes, com idade mediana de sete anos (faixa: 1,8-12,2)...

  9. Tratamento de epilepsia: consenso dos especialistas brasileiros Treatment of epilepsy: consensus of the Brazilian specialists

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Eduardo Betting

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Epilepsia é uma condição muito freqüente em todo o mundo. Na última década, várias opções terapêuticas surgiram ou foram aprimoradas. O principal método utilizado para decisão terapêutica baseia-se nos estudos randomizados, que representam o maior nível de evidência. Entretanto, mesmo estes estudos são passíveis de críticas e em alguns casos o tratamento de escolha permanece controverso. Nestas situações, a opinião dos especialistas, na área da epileptologia, com maior experiência clínica, passa a ter grande valor. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo elaborar um consenso de tratamento das epilepsias, através da opinião de experts brasileiros no assunto. Este consenso poderá auxiliar na criação de manuais e estratégias para o tratamento de determinadas síndromes epilépticas, de acordo com os padrões socioeconômicos brasileiros.Epilepsy is a frequent condition in the world. Recently a study in Brazil showed prevalence of 18/1000 inhabitants in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State. In the last decade, new therapeutic options were discovered or developed. The main therapeutic decision method is based on randomized clinical trials. This method represents the higher level of evidence. However, even these studies have limitations and in some cases the treatment of choice remains controversial. In these instances, the epilepsy experts' opinions become helpful. In 2001 a similar study had been conducted in USA. The aim of this study is to create guidelines for epilepsy treatment based on the opinion of the Brazilian experts. These guidelines can be used to create manuals and strategies for the treatment of some epileptic syndromes according to Brazilian experts. As compared to the North-American guidelines our study better reflects the resources available in our country.

  10. Focal retinal phlebitis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hoang, Quan V; Freund, K Bailey; Klancnik, James M; Sorenson, John A; Cunningham, Emmett T; Yannuzzi, Lawrence A

    2012-01-01

    To report three cases of solitary, focal retinal phlebitis. An observational case series. Three eyes in three patients were noted to have unilateral decreased vision, macular edema, and a focal retinal phlebitis, which was not at an arteriovenous crossing. All three patients developed a branch retinal vein occlusion at the site of inflammation. These patients had no other evidence of intraocular inflammation, including vitritis, retinitis, retinal vasculitis, or choroiditis, nor was there any systemic disorder associated with inflammation, infection, or coagulation identified. Focal retinal phlebitis appears to be an uncommon and unique entity that produces macular edema and ultimately branch retinal vein occlusion. In our patients, the focal phlebitis and venous occlusion did not occur at an arteriovenous crossing, which is the typical site for branch retinal venous occlusive disease. This suggests that our cases represent a distinct clinical entity, which starts with a focal abnormality in the wall of a retinal venule, resulting in surrounding exudation and, ultimately, ends with branch retinal vein occlusion.

  11. Epileptic palatal myoclonus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tatum, W.O.; Sperling, M.R.; Jacobstein, J.G.

    1991-01-01

    Palatal myoclonus (PM) is usually caused by lesions of the brainstem. The authors report a case of PM of focal cortical origin in a patient with epilepsia partialis continua. The PM sometimes occurred in isolation, and at other times was accompanied by unilateral face, neck, and arm twitching. This was documented by both EEG and SPECT

  12. Epileptic palatal myoclonus

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tatum, W.O.; Sperling, M.R.; Jacobstein, J.G. (Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, PA (USA))

    1991-08-01

    Palatal myoclonus (PM) is usually caused by lesions of the brainstem. The authors report a case of PM of focal cortical origin in a patient with epilepsia partialis continua. The PM sometimes occurred in isolation, and at other times was accompanied by unilateral face, neck, and arm twitching. This was documented by both EEG and SPECT.

  13. Focal myositis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galloway, H.R.; Dahlstrom, J.E.; Bennett, G.M.

    2001-01-01

    Focal myositis is a rare, benign focal inflammation of muscle. The lesion often presents as a mass that may be mistaken for a soft tissue sarcoma. This report describes the MRI and histopathological features of a case and illustrates how the diagnosis may be suspected on the basis of the MR findings. Copyright (2001) Blackwell Science Pty Ltd

  14. Focal pancreatic enlargement: differentiation between pancreatic adenocarcinoma and focal pancreatitis on CT and ERCP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Eun Kyung; Kim, Ki Whang; Lee, Jong Tae; Kim, Hee Soo; Yoo, Hyung Sik; Yu, Jeong Sik; Yoon, Sang Wook

    1995-01-01

    To differentiate the pancreatic adenocarcinoma from focal pancreatitis on CT and ERCP in cases of focal pancreatic enlargement. We analysed CT findings of 66 patients of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 45) or focal pancreatitis (n = 21) with respect to size, density, calcification, pancreatic or biliary duct dilatation, fat plane obliteration around the vessels, direction of retroperitoneal extension, lymphadenopathy, pseudocyst formation and atrophy of pancreas. ERCP available in 48 patients were analysed in respect to morphologic appearance of CBD and pancreatic duct, and distance between the two ducts. The patients in focal pancreatitis were younger with more common history of alcohol drinking. There was no statistical difference in calcifications of the mass (18% in the adenocarcinoma, 33% in the focal pancreatitis), but a tendency of denser, larger number of calcifications was noted in focal pancreatitis. The finding of fat plane obliteration around the vessels were more common in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and fascial thickenings were more prominent in focal pancreatitis, although not statistically significant. On ERCP, there were no differential points of CBD, pancreatic duct morphology, but distance between the two ducts at the lesion center was more wider in focal pancreatitis. Differentiating focal pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma is difficult. However, we should consider the possibility of focal pancreatitis in cases of patients with young age, having alcoholic history in association with CT findings of large numbers of and dense calcifications, and ERCP findings of prominent separation of two duct at the lesion center

  15. Caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en pacientes que consultan al Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dagoberto Nicanor Cabrera Hémer

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available La esclerosis tuberosa (ET es una enfermedad autosómica dominante, que afecta muchos sistemas y cursa con diversas manifestaciones clínicas, entre ellas epilepsia, retardo mental y lesiones cutáneas. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo para contribuir a la caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en Medellín, Colombia. Se revisaron 21 historias, 62% mujeres y 38% hombres; la edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue 23 meses, todos los pacientes tenían epilepsia y lesiones cutáneas, las crisis más frecuentes fueron las parciales con generalización secundaria (66%, 47% tuvieron espasmos infantiles, la mayoría presentaron dos o más tipos de crisis (90%. Todos los pacientes recibieron anticonvulsivantes, los más frecuentemente utilizados fueron: fenobarbital, ácido valproico, vigabatrina, carbamazepina y clonazepam. En general, la mayoría de los pacientes requirieron varios medicamentos durante la evolución de su enfermedad y los pocos que lograron un adecuado control de la epilepsia, lo hicieron con anticonvulsivantes de primera generación. CONCLUSIÓN:las características de nuestra serie son similares a las reportadas en la literatura mundial. Los antiepilépticos de primera generación siguen siendo la principal herramienta terapéutica para el tratamiento inicial de los pacientes Medellín.

  16. Evidencia molecular y serológica de la asociación del PVH-13 con la hiperplasia epitelial focal en la comunidad indígena embera-chami de Jardín, Antioquia-Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Alberto Pérez

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available

    Introducción: La hiperplasia epitelial focal (HEF o enfermedad de Heck es una entidad benigna de la mucosa oral que se presenta principalmente en jóvenes de grupos étnicos muy específicos. Aunque el epónimo de “Enfermedad de Heck” proviene del primer caso reportado en 1961 por el Dr. Heck en Nuevo Méjico, ya previamente en Colombia el Dr. Estrada en 1956 había reportado esta entidad en los indios Caramanta (1. Es así como en Colombia ha habido reportes de esta enfermedad en diferentes comunidades indígenas (2,3. La hiperplasia epitelial focal se caracteriza clínicamente por pápulas, nódulos o placas localizadas principalmente en la mucosa labial, los carrillos y la lengua.

    Desde 1989 se había sugerido su causa viral debido a la frecuente detección del PVH-13 y PVH-32 en las lesiones (4. En un estudio descriptivo previo realizado en el 2001 se encontró una prevalencia de la enfermedad del 13% en escolares de la comunidad indígena Embera-Chamí en Jardín, Antioquia (5. En ese mismo estudio logramos detectar la infección por PVH en un 80% de escolares con HEF.

    A pesar de que se ha sugerido una etiología viral de la HEF, hasta el momento no existía evidencia epidemiológica que demostrara la asociación del PVH con la hiperplasia epitelial focal. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el de confirmar molecular y serológicamente esta asociación. Diseño del estudio: Estudio de casos y controles. Materiales y métodos: La población estudiada de casos correspondió a los escolares que presentaban los criterios clínicos e histopatológicos de HEF. A estos casos se les tomó biopsia de una de las lesiones clínicamente evidentes.

    Fewer specialists support using medical marijuana and CBD in treating epilepsy patients compared with other medical professionals and patients: Result of Epilepsia's survey

    OpenAIRE

    Mathern, GW; Beninsig, L; Nehlig, A

    2015-01-01

    © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy. Summary Objective From May 20 to September 1 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions about the use of medical marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) for people with epilepsy. This study reports the findings of that poll. Methods The survey consisted of eight questions. Four questions asked if there were sufficient safety and efficacy data, whether responders would advise trying medical marijuana in cases of s...

  17. Caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en pacientes que consultan al Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Dagoberto Nicanor Cabrera Hémer; Jaime Carrizosa Moog; Olga Juliana Cuéllar; Dionis Vallejo Mesa; José Vladimir Tobón Areiza; José William Cornejo Ochoa

    2008-01-01

    La esclerosis tuberosa (ET) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante, que afecta muchos sistemas y cursa con diversas manifestaciones clínicas, entre ellas epilepsia, retardo mental y lesiones cutáneas. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo para contribuir a la caracterización de la esclerosis tuberosa en Medellín, Colombia. Se revisaron 21 historias, 62% mujeres y 38% hombres; la edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue 23 meses, todos los pacientes tenían epilepsia y lesiones cutáneas, las crisis...

  18. Transparent meta-analysis: does aging spare prospective memory with focal vs. non-focal cues?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bob Uttl

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Prospective memory (ProM is the ability to become aware of a previously-formed plan at the right time and place. For over twenty years, researchers have been debating whether prospective memory declines with aging or whether it is spared by aging and, most recently, whether aging spares prospective memory with focal vs. non-focal cues. Two recent meta-analyses examining these claims did not include all relevant studies and ignored prevalent ceiling effects, age confounds, and did not distinguish between prospective memory subdomains (e.g., ProM proper, vigilance, habitual ProM (see Uttl, 2008, PLoS ONE. The present meta-analysis focuses on the following questions: Does prospective memory decline with aging? Does prospective memory with focal vs. non-focal cues decline with aging? Does the size of age-related declines with focal vs. non-focal cues vary across ProM subdomains? And are age-related declines in ProM smaller than age-related declines in retrospective memory? METHODS AND FINDINGS: A meta-analysis of event-cued ProM using data visualization and modeling, robust count methods, and conventional meta-analysis techniques revealed that first, the size of age-related declines in ProM with both focal and non-focal cues are large. Second, age-related declines in ProM with focal cues are larger in ProM proper and smaller in vigilance. Third, age-related declines in ProM proper with focal cues are as large as age-related declines in recall measures of retrospective memory. CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with Craik's (1983 proposal that age-related declines on ProM tasks are generally large, support the distinction between ProM proper vs. vigilance, and directly contradict widespread claims that ProM, with or without focal cues, is spared by aging.

  19. Epilepsia temporal: relato de caso = Temporal epilepsy: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Souza, Taís Amara da Costa de

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem o objetivo de divulgar um recurso terapêutico da epilepsia do lobo temporal por esclerose hipocampal: a cirurgia. Aproximadamente vinte e cinco mil pacientes com esta patologia são refratários aos tratamentos medicamentosos no sul do país e muitos chegam ao neurocirurgião com 30-40 anos de evolução, muitas vezes já mutilados em conseqüência das crises. Convulsões parciais originadas no lobo temporal são comuns, e grande parte originam-se em estruturas mesiais (esclerose mesial temporal – EMT. Como aí se encontram a sede de funções nobres do sistema nervoso – memória, aprendizagem, comportamento, entre outras –, os sintomas podem apresentar-se como alterações em qualquer uma delas. Ressaltamos a necessidade do correto diagnóstico e dos métodos para fazê-lo: através da anamnese, da ressonância magnética, do eletroencefalograma (EEG, do vídeo-EEG e por vezes através de sensores intracranianos (strips. Apesar de existirem métodos confiáveis para realizar o diagnóstico e tratamento cirúrgico com grande índice de sucesso, a desinformação dos profissionais que atendem pacientes com EMT acerca do assunto leva ao prolongamento de tratamentos clínico ineficiente e conseqüente seqüelas físicas, psicológicas e sociais

  1. La biopsia estereotáctica en el diagnóstico de las lesiones cerebrales focales en sida Stereotactic brain biopsy in the diagnosis of focal brain lesions in AIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Corti

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Las lesiones cerebrales focales constituyen una complicación frecuente en los pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV y síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida. Durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1999 y mayo de 2007 se realizaron un total de 83 biopsias en pacientes con sida y lesiones cerebrales. Se incluyeron aquellos pacientes que no hubiesen respondido al algoritmo habitual de enfoque diagnóstico-terapéutico de estas lesiones. Todas las muestras obtenidas fueron sometidas a evaluación intraoperatoria para asegurar la obtención de material patológico y posterior análisis histopatológico y exámenes microbiológicos. De los 41 pacientes con lesiones cerebrales múltiples, 62 tenían localización supratentorial, en 4 eran infratentoriales y 17 mostraron ambas localizaciones. Cincuenta y un lesiones seleccionadas como blanco estereotáctico tuvieron refuerzo periférico del contraste. Se obtuvo material histopatológico en el 100% de los procedimientos. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el de leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva (LEMP con 24 casos (29%, seguido del linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central (LPSNC con 19 diagnósticos (23% y de toxoplasmosis en 13 pacientes (15.7%. Se comprobó una relación significativa entre los diagnósticos histopatológicos y la localización de las lesiones y entre los diagnósticos histopatológicos y el comportamiento de las imágenes luego de la administración de la sustancia de contraste. El rédito diagnóstico alcanzó el 90.3% (75 biopsias. La morbiletalidad en esta serie fue de 2.4%. La biopsia cerebral estereotáctica permitió alcanzar el diagnóstico etiológico y adecuar el enfoque terapéutico en la mayoría de los pacientes de esta serie.Focal brain lesions are frequent complications among HIV/AIDS patients. Between January 1999 and May 2007, 83 procedures of stereotactic brain biopsies in HIV/AIDS patients with focal

  2. Síndrome de personalidade interictal na epilepsia do lobo temporal não-dominante: relato de caso Interictal personality syndrome in temporal lobe epilepsy: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    PAULO C. TREVISOL-BITTENCOURT

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de personalidade interictal na epilepsia do lobo temporal não-dominante consiste de hipossexualidade, hiperreligiosidade, alteração do humor e hipergrafia. Sua descrição, em 1974, foi seguida de extensa busca por estes sinais em uma vasta população de pacientes epilépticos. No entanto, estes estudos científicos fracassaram em encontrar este síndrome na epilepsia do lobo temporal em geral. Sua existência foi, por conseguinte, posta em dúvida. Apresentamos o caso de um senhor de 35 anos cuja peculiaridade hipergráfica é o desenho de plantas de construção civil em grande quantidade, além de hiperreligiosidade, hipossexualidade e circunstancialidade. É o primeiro relato deste tipo de expressão gráfica associada à epilepsia parcial complexa e esclerose mesial temporal. Dentre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos propostos, o mais coerente é o da hiperconexão temporal. Embora as crises possam ser controladas em grande parte dos casos com tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico, a sintomatologia comportamental é refratária ao tratamento psicoterápico.The syndrome of interictal personality in non-dominant temporal lobe epilepsy consists of hyposexuality, hyperreligiosity, humorlessness and hypergraphia. Its notification, in 1974, was followed by an extensive search for these traits in broad epileptic populations. Nevertheless, these statistical studies failed to match this syndrome in general temporal lobe epileptics, and its existence became then target of doubt. We report the case of a 35 year-old man presenting partial complex epilepsy, whose singularity lies in his sophisticated drawing abilities. The large amount of buildings and houses he paints expresses his hypergraphia. He also presents hyposexuality and hyperreligiosity. MRI shows right mesial temporal sclerosis. Temporal hyperconnection, caused by a basal temporal irritative focus, is the most probable pathophysiological mechanism. Epileptic fits can be controlled

  3. Focal thyroid inferno” on color Doppler ultrasonography: A specific feature of focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fu, Xianshui; Guo, Limei; Zhang, Huabin; Ran, Weiqiang; Fu, Peng; Li, Zhiqiang; Chen, Wen; Jiang, Ling; Wang, Jinrui; Jia, Jianwen

    2012-01-01

    Purpose: To evaluate color-Doppler features predictive of focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Materials and methods: A total of 521 patients with 561 thyroid nodules that underwent surgeries or gun biopsies were included in this study. These nodules were divided into three groups: focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis (104 nodules in 101 patients), benignity other than focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis (73 nodules in 70 patients), and malignancy (358 nodules in 350 patients). On color Doppler sonography, four vascularity types were determined as: hypovascularity, marked internal flow, marked peripheral flow and focal thyroid inferno. The χ 2 test was performed to seek the potential vascularity type with the predictive ability of certain thyroid pathology. Furthermore, the gray-scale features of each nodule were also studied. Results: The vascularity type I (hypovascularity) was more often seen in focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis than other benignity and malignancy (46% vs. 20.5% and 19%). While the type II (marked internal flow) showed the opposite tendency (26.9% [focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis] vs. 45.2% [other benignity] and 52.8% [malignancy]). However, type III (marked peripheral flow) was unable to predict any thyroid pathology. Importantly, type IV (focal thyroid inferno) was exclusive to focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis. All 8 type IV nodules appeared to be solid, hypoechoic, and well-defined. Using “focal thyroid inferno” as an indicator of FHT, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 7.7% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: The vascularity type of “focal thyroid inferno” is specific for focal Hashimoto thyroiditis. Recognition of this particular feature may avoid unnecessary interventional procedures for some solid hypoechoic thyroid nodules suspicious of malignancy.

  4. Aportes para una vida saludable. Proceso socioeducativo con estudiantes de primer ingreso, Universidad Nacional

    OpenAIRE

    Gonzalez-Soto, L.; Orozco-Morales, A.R.

    2017-01-01

    Propósito: Exponer la experiencia de medir en algún grado el impacto social de un proceso socioeducativo anual, desarrollado con 800 estudiantes de primer ingreso provenientes de diversos lugares del país, con limitadas condiciones socioeconómica y quienes son beneficiarios de beca para sus estudios. El proceso consistió en establecer 4 o 5 eventos anuales y trabajar con metodologías lúdicas temas alusivos a estilos de vida saludables. Material y método: Se aplicó la técnica de grupo focal al...

  5. The mistery of Gustave Flaubert's death: could sudden unexpected death in epilepsy be part of the context? O mistério da morte de Gustave Flaubert: pode a morte súbita em epilepsia fazer parte o contexto?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marly de Albuquerque

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Information concerning risk factors for SUDEP is conflicting, but high seizure frequency is a potential risk factor. Additionally, potential pathomechanisms for SUDEP are unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmias during and between seizures or transmission of epileptic activity to the heart via the autonomic nervous system potentially play a role. More than two decades ago, temporal lobe epilepsy was suggested as having been the ''nervous disease'' of Gustave Flaubert, one of the most important French novelists. In these lines, as the circumstances of his death were the subject of fabulous and mysterious speculations, we postulated in this paper that Falubert' death could be due SUDEP phenomenon.A epilepsia é a condição neurológica crônica grave mais comum e a morte súbita em epilepsia (SUDEP é a mais importante causa de morte diretamente relacionada à epilepsia. Informações sobre fatores de risco para SUDEP são conflitantes, porém, a alta freqüência de crises epilépticas é um fator de risco em potencial. Além disso, os mecanismos causais para SUDEP ainda não estão conhecidos, mas é muito provável que arritmias cardíacas durante e entre as crises epilépticas ou a transmissão da atividade epiléptica para o coração via sistema nervoso autônomo desempenhem um importante papel. Mais de duas décadas atrás, foi proposto que a "doença nervosa" de Gustave Flaubert, um dos mais importantes novelistas franceses, era epilepsia do lobo temporal. Nesse sentido, como a morte de Gustave Flaubert ainda seja motivo de misteriosa especulação, nosso artigo propõe que a mesma poderia estar relacionada ao fenômeno de SUDEP.

  6. Dual-layer electrode-driven liquid crystal lens with electrically tunable focal length and focal plane

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Y. A.; Lin, C. F.; Lin, J. P.; Zeng, X. Y.; Yan, Q.; Zhou, X. T.; Guo, T. L.

    2018-04-01

    Electric-field-driven liquid crystal (ELC) lens with tunable focal length and their depth of field has been extensively applied in 3D display and imaging systems. In this work, a dual-layer electrode-driven liquid crystal (DELC) lens with electrically tunable focal length and controllable focal plane is demonstrated. ITO-SiO2-AZO electrodes with the dual-layer staggered structure on the top substrate are used as driven electrodes within a LC cell, which permits the establishment of an alternative controllability. The focal length of the DELC lens can be adjusted from 1.41 cm to 0.29 cm when the operating voltage changes from 15 V to 40 V. Furthermore, the focal plane of the DELC lens can selectively move by changing the driving method of the applied voltage to the next driven electrodes. This work demonstrates that the DELC lens has potential applications in imaging systems because of electrically tunable focal length and controllable focal plane.

  7. Seismicity, focal mechanisms, and stress distribution in the Tres Virgenes volcanic and geothermal region, Baja California Sur, Mexico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wong, Victor; Munguia, Luis [Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (Mexico)

    2006-01-15

    In October 1993 we carried out a seismic monitoring in the Tres Virgenes volcanic region in order to record the background seismicity associated with the volcanic structures, the geothermal field and the tectonic features of the area. Hypocenters for 257 microearthquakes were located in the volcanic edifices and along the northwest right-lateral, strike-slip La Virgen fault. Focal depths range from close to the Earth surface to about 8 km. Shallow depths occur mainly in the volcanic edifices. Deeper seismic events occurred outside the volcanic area. The duration magnitudes of the located microearthquakes range between 1 and 3. The Vp/Vs ratio and the low-Q values estimated suggest heterogeneous material properties in the volcanic structures mainly toward the El Azufre fault and the El Aguajito Caldera, where hydrothermal activity has been reported. The P- and T-axes of focal mechanisms for 90 microearthquakes suggest that the region is under N-S compression and E-W extension, in agreement with the regional tectonic stress field of the NW-SE right-lateral strike-slip transform fault system of the Gulf of California. [Spanish] En octubre de 1993 se llevo a cabo un monitoreo sismico en la region volcanica Las Tres Virgenes con el proposito de registrar la actividad sismica asociada a las estructuras volcanicas, al campo geotermico y a la tectonica local. Se localizaron 257 microsismos con hipocentros en los edificios volcanicos y a lo largo de la falla de rumbo, lateral derecha conocida como falla La Virgen. La profundidad focal de los sismos varia desde los muy cercanos a la superficie de la Tierra hasta los 8 km. Las profundidades someras ocurren principalmente en los edificios volcanicos. Los sismos mas profundos ocurren fuera del area volcanica. La magnitud de duracion de los microsismos localizados varia entre 1 y 3. La razon Vp/Vs y los valores bajos de Q que se estimaron en la zona sugieren un material con propiedades heterogeneas bajo las estructuras

  8. Propiedades psicométricas de una herramienta de evaluación para las redes focales de adolescentes infractores de ley*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Muñoz Vidal

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available El grupo de pares constituye uno de los espacios relacionales más importantes en la adolescencia. Si la red de pares con la que un adolescente cuenta, practica conductas riesgosas, se constituye en un factor de riesgo para que dicho adolescente también las realice. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo la validación de un instrumento de evaluación de las redes focales de adolescentes (Inventario de Recursos Sociocomunitarios centrado en las Redes Focales del/la adolescente o IRS-F. Constituye un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, y utiliza pruebas de correlación, comparación de medias y análisis de confiabilidad. La muestra fue de 138 adolescentes infractores de ley, entre 14 y 19 años, con una media de 16,4 (SD=1,10, residentes en el sur de Chile. Se indaga en la confiabilidad interjueces y consistencia interna (Alpha de Cronbach de 0,790 y 0,868 en sus dos escalas, y se obtienen indicadores adecuados de validez concurrente y discriminante. Los resultados, en general, son consistentes con los encontrados en la literatura internacional.

  9. Adaptación en Pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Según Modelo de Roy

    OpenAIRE

    Lazcano Ortíz, Margarita; Salazar Gonzalez, Bertha C

    2009-01-01

    Objetivo. Determinar la influencia entre estímulos focales y contextuales, y la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial en personas con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2). Material y método. El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal, predictivo. El muestreo fue probabilístico, sistemático. La muestra con 200 participantes de ambos géneros de 30 a 65 años, se determinó para un 95% de confianza, con una potencia de prueba de 90%. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo desde diagnóst...

  10. A unique case of nontraumatic femoral neck fracture following epilepsia partialis continua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karl O. Nakken

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available People with epilepsy are more accident prone than the non-epilepsy population. Bone fractures are most often due to seizure-related falls. However, seizures themselves, in particular generalized tonic-clonic seizures, may also cause fractures, e.g. of the thoracic spine. Here, I present a man who developed focal epilepsy following a subarachnoidal hemorrhage. During a focal motor seizure with left-sided convulsions and preserved consciousness that lasted 2 hrs, he sustained a femoral neck fracture. In persons with low mineral density, as in this case, contractions associated with simple focal motor seizures may be sufficient to give rise to such a severe complication.

  11. Characterization of gold mineralizations of Cuba by means of scanning electron microscopy with X-ray analyzer and con focal Raman microscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toledo Sanchez, Carlos Alfredo; Santa Cruz Pacheco, Maria; Lopez Kramer, Jesus M.; Lisabet Sarracen, Evelio; Aguirre Guillot, Graciela; Capote Marrero, Carbeny; Llanes Castro, Angelica I.; Milia Gonzalez, Ines

    2016-01-01

    The technology selection for gold ore processing requires the characterization, not only of the gold carrier minerals but also its associations, so it is necessary to find out the mineral nature, morphology, particle size, purity and gold concentration, other factors to consider are liberation grade, minerals in association, surface accessibility and form to present themselves. In this research it is exposed the utilization of the optical and electron microscopy, with Raman and X ray micro analyzers, in order to obtain useful information about different gold mineralization of the country, including those of Delita, Meloneras-Descanso, Oro Jacinto and Oro Barita. It describes how the scanning electron microscopy with x-ray analyzer allowed the study of gold particles from nanometer order, determining its size, morphology, surface condition and purity. It was found that in some places the gold grains have a purity exceeding 99%, while in others the content of silver, copper and mercury are increasing, surpassing gold just 30% in some cases, resulting in other mineralogical forms. It was also observed variability in the degree of release of the gold particles. Moreover Raman con focal microscope allowed analyzes minerals micrometric volumes under study, particularly rock-forming. Being a structural technique, it was possible to identify minerals without causing damage to the samples, which usually is not achieved with other techniques. (Author)

  12. Epilepsia e doença de chagas cronica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edymar Jardim

    1981-03-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome epiléptica em chagásicos crônicos, foi referida raramente na literatura especializazda, não tendo sido feito até o momento, um estudo detalhado das suas manifestações. Partindo-se da premissa de que a moléstia de Chagas tem por substrato anatômico uma destruição neuronal, procurou-se comparar dois grupos de epilépticos, um dos quais com moléstia de Chagas crônica. Foram estudados 167 pacientes epilépticos, dos quais 44 eram comprovadamente chagásicos. O estudo permitiu coletar dados referentes à procedência dos pacientes, resultado soro-lógico, sexo, idade, época de incidência das manifestações epilépticas, elementos dos exames neurológicos, do líquido cefalorraqueano, eletrencefalográfico e os resultados da terapêutica anticonvulsivante. Como resultados principais destacamos o início tardio da epilepsia nos chagásicos, e o predomínio acentuado das crises parciais com sintomatologia elementar de tipo autonômico. O exame neurológico e o do líquido cefalorraqueano, apesar de apresentarem percentualmente nos seus resultados, taxas moderadamente mais elevadas na incidência de alterações, não caracterizaram síndromes neurológicas bem definidas. O exame eletrencefalográfico, revelou alterações sugestivas de comprometimento orgânico cerebral difuso. A terapêutica anticonvulsivante, baseada na utilização de hidantoinatos, barbitúricos, primidona e benzodiazepínicos, mostrou que o controle das crises foi mais difícil nos chagásicos, exigindo maiores quantidades de medicação, com resultados menos satisfatórios.

  13. Resultados de la terapia por onda de choque focal en calcificaciones del manguito rotador. [Results of focal shock-wave therapy for calcifyng tendinitis of the rotatorr cuff

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Moya

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar, en forma prospectiva, los resultados del tratamiento mediante la aplicación de ondas de choque focales, en un grupo de pacientes con calcificaciones sintomáticas del manguito rotador. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 44 casos consecutivos de calcificaciones localizadas en alguno de los tendones del manguito rotador, en 43 pacientes con cirugías fallidas o tratamiento previo, al menos, por 6 meses, con síntomas persistentes. Resultados En la evaluación al año, la calcificación había desaparecido completamente en 20 pacientes (45,5%. En 13 casos (29,5%, hubo un cambio significativo en el tamaño o la densidad. En 11 casos (25%, no hubo modificaciones. El dolor, según la escala analógica visual descendió de un promedio de 5,5 a 1,4 (p <0,0001. El puntaje de UCLA pasó de un valor inicial promedio de 15,7 a un valor de 29,3 (p <0,0001. El puntaje de Autoevaluación ASES fue de 84,6 comparado con un valor inicial de 48 (p <0,0001. El 77% de los pacientes estuvieron satisfechos con el procedimiento. Conclusión El estudio sugiere que la terapia por onda de choque es una alternativa válida para pacientes que no han respondido al tratamiento conservador ni al quirúrgico

  14. Adaptación en pacientes con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, según Modelo de Roy

    OpenAIRE

    Margarita Lazcano-Ortiz; Bertha Cecilia Salazar-González

    2009-01-01

    Objetivo. Determinar la influencia entre estímulos focales y contextuales, y la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial en personas con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2). Material y método. El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal, predictivo. El muestreo fue probabilístico, sistemático. La muestra con 200 participantes de ambos géneros de 30 a 65 años, se determinó para un 95% de confianza, con una potencia de prueba de 90%. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo desde diagnóstico expli...

  15. Epilepsia partialis continua present with shoulder joint-trunk-hip joint rhythmic clonic seizure: a case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lv YD

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Yudan Lv, Zan Wang, Fengna Chu, Chang Liu, Hongmei Meng Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC is a particular type of epilepsy which is distinguished from “common epilepsy” by its characteristic semiological features. However, unusual manifestations should be described in order to give awareness at clinical diagnosis. In this case report we describe a rare EPC case not previously reported, in which left shoulder joint-trunk-hip joint jerk was present for 1 week. Abnormal electroencephalogram and cerebrospinal fluid results supported a diagnosis of viral encephalitis. Antiepileptic treatment seemed effective. Our report emphasizes that a detailed functional anatomical analysis and synchronized electroencephalogram discharge should be done to avoid misdiagnosis in patients with synchronic shoulder-trunk-hip jerk symptoms. Keywords: EPC, shoulder-trunk-hip, EEG, clonic seizure, virus encephalitis

  16. Avaliação pelo P300 de crianças com e sem epilepsia e rendimento escolar Assessment through P300 of epileptic and non-epileptic children and school performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JUCELEI F. VISIOLI-MELO

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Dificuldade de aprendizagem é situação comum em crianças com epilepsia. Distúrbios da inteligência têm sido associados com epilepsia. O potencial cognitivo (P300 é um adjunto clínico para mensurar neurofisiologicamente o processo cognitivo. Foram estudadas 99 crianças com 10 anos a 11 anos e 11 meses. Do Grupo I, sem epilepsia, faziam parte 64 crianças, das quais 32 com bom rendimento e outras 32 com mau rendimento escolar. Do Grupo II, com epilepsia, faziam parte 35 crianças, sendo 21 com bom rendimento escolar e 15 com mau rendimento escolar. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na latência do P300 entre os dois grupos. Quando foram estratificados segundo o desempenho escolar, as crianças do Grupo I, com bom rendimento escolar, apresentaram latência do P300 de 336 ms e as com mau rendimento escolar, latência de 382 ms; as crianças do Grupo II, com bom rendimento escolar, apresentaram latência do P300 de 363 ms e as com mau rendimento escolar, latência de 400 ms, com diferença significativa. Essa diferença estava localizada entre as crianças não epilépticas com bom desempenho escolar e as com mau desempenho escolar, epilépticas ou não.Learning disability is common in epileptic children. Epilepsy has been associated with disorders of intelligence. Cognitive potential (P300 is considered to be a clinical aid in the neurophysiological measurement of the cognitive process. Ninety-nine children between the ages of 10 years and 11 years and 11 months formed our sample, with good and poor school performance. Group I, non-epileptic, had 64 children of whom 32 had good and 32 poor school performance. Group II, epileptic, had 35 children, of whom 21 had good and 15 poor school performance. No significant difference in P300 latency was found between Groups I and II. When groups were stratified based on school performance, Group I children with good school performance had P300 latency of 336 ms, while the ones with poor

  17. Steroid-Responsive Epilepsia Partialis Continua with Anti-Thyroid Antibodies: A Spectrum of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hiroki Masuda

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Background: When a neuropsychiatric symptom due to encephalopathy develops in a patient with anti-thyroid antibodies, especially when the symptom is steroid-responsive, Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of the patient. Although HE is an elusive disease, it is thought to cause various clinical presentations including seizures, myoclonus, and epilepsia partialis continua (EPC. Case Report: We present the case of a 33-year-old Japanese woman who acutely developed EPC in the right hand as an isolated manifestation. A thyroid ultrasound showed an enlarged hypoechogenic gland, and a thyroid status assessment showed euthyroid with high titers of thyroid antibodies. A brain MRI revealed a nodular lesion in the left precentral gyrus. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in a cessation of the symptom. Conclusions: A precentral nodular lesion can be responsible for steroid-responsive EPC in a patient with anti-thyroid antibodies and may be caused by HE. The serial MRI findings of our case suggest the presence of primary demyelination, with ischemia possibly due to vasculitis around the demyelinating lesion.

  18. Experiencia en el uso del video-electroencefalograma en el servicio de neurofisiología clínica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liane Aguilar Fabré

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de la introducción del video-electroencefalograma en la evaluación de los eventos paroxísticos neurológicos de naturaleza no precisada y/o en la epilepsia de difícil control en pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: se estudiaron 121 niños (edad 5,90 ± 4,34 años, divididos en 4 grupos atendiendo a la finalidad del estudio de video-electroencefalograma: I. Determinar la naturaleza (epiléptica o no del evento paroxístico; II. Confirmar el síndrome epiléptico; III. Cuantificar las crisis epilépticas y IV. Estudiar candidatos para cirugía de la epilepsia. Resultados: la eficacia diagnóstica fue de un 86,77 %, y provocó modificaciones en el diagnóstico y/o el tratamiento inicial en un 32,38 %. Las modificaciones en el diagnóstico en el grupo I fueron en 16/43 pacientes (2 epilepsias, 7 trastornos del movimiento, 4 trastornos del sueño y 3 crisis psicógenas. En el grupo II se clasificaron 47 síndromes epilépticos (11 epilepsias focales, 31 epilepsias generalizadas y 5 indeterminadas. Para el grupo III el número de crisis registradas fue 7,31 ± 4,21, y el tiempo de registro del video-electroencefalograma fue de 3,86 ± 1,10 horas. En el grupo IV se estudiaron 2 pacientes, y se confirmaron como candidatos para hemisferectomía funcional. Conclusiones: el monitoreo por video-electroencefalograma ratificó ser una herramienta de gran valor y utilidad en el diagnóstico de los eventos paroxísticos neurológicos en niños, lo que incide en establecer una adecuada conducta terapéutica y contribuye a disminuir ciertas limitaciones en la aplicación de los criterios de la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia.

  19. Systems considerations in mosaic focal planes

    Science.gov (United States)

    White, K. P., III

    1983-08-01

    Two key reasons for pursuing the development of mosaic focal planes are reviewed and it is shown that rapid frame repetition rate is the only requirement that can be solved no other way than through mosaic focal planes. With the view that spaceborne mosaic focal plane sensors are necessarily 'smart sensors' requiring a lot of onboard processing just to function, it is pointed out that various artificial intelligence techniques may be the most appropriate to incorporate in the data processing. Finally, a novel mosaic focal plane design is proposed, termed a virtual mosaic focal plane, in response to other system constraints.

  20. Classification of Focal and Non Focal Epileptic Seizures Using Multi-Features and SVM Classifier.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sriraam, N; Raghu, S

    2017-09-02

    Identifying epileptogenic zones prior to surgery is an essential and crucial step in treating patients having pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a significant measurement benchmark to assess patients suffering from epilepsy. This paper investigates the application of multi-features derived from different domains to recognize the focal and non focal epileptic seizures obtained from pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy patients from Bern Barcelona database. From the dataset, five different classification tasks were formed. Total 26 features were extracted from focal and non focal EEG. Significant features were selected using Wilcoxon rank sum test by setting p-value (p z > 1.96) at 95% significance interval. Hypothesis was made that the effect of removing outliers improves the classification accuracy. Turkey's range test was adopted for pruning outliers from feature set. Finally, 21 features were classified using optimized support vector machine (SVM) classifier with 10-fold cross validation. Bayesian optimization technique was adopted to minimize the cross-validation loss. From the simulation results, it was inferred that the highest sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy of 94.56%, 89.74%, and 92.15% achieved respectively and found to be better than the state-of-the-art approaches. Further, it was observed that the classification accuracy improved from 80.2% with outliers to 92.15% without outliers. The classifier performance metrics ensures the suitability of the proposed multi-features with optimized SVM classifier. It can be concluded that the proposed approach can be applied for recognition of focal EEG signals to localize epileptogenic zones.

  1. ACTIVIDADES DE LA VIDA DIARIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES: LA EXPERIENCIA DE DOS GRUPOS FOCALES

    OpenAIRE

    Christian Oswaldo Acosta Quiroz; Ana Luisa Mónica González-Celis Rangel

    2010-01-01

    El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener una muestra de ejemplos de actividades recreativas físicas y mentales, sociales, de independencia y de protección a la salud, como propuesta inicial de un inventario de actividades de la vida diaria en adultos mayores, a través del desarrollo de dos grupos focales organizados alrededor del tema de actividades cotidianas en ancianos, con ocho y quince adultos mayores, respectivamente. Los resultados reflejan una amplia variedad de actividades de l...

  2. Inseguridad alimentaria en latinos de California: observaciones de grupos focales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melgar-Quiñonez Hugo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudiar la percepción y la experiencia sobre inseguridad alimentaria entre latinoamericanos de California, así como su interpretación de los insumos incluidos en la Escala de Seguridad Alimentaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Entre noviembre y diciembre de 2000, en los condados californianos de Solano y San Joaquín, se efectuaron cuatro grupos focales, con 30 adultos de origen latinoamericano residentes allí. Los comentarios de los participantes fueron codificados por dos investigadores para determinar los temas principales, y fueron confrontados para verificar su convergencia. RESULTADOS: Las preguntas fueron bien comprendidas, no percibiéndose como ofensivas. El marco conceptual se confirmó como "proceso manejado" con diferentes niveles de severidad. Las causas de inseguridad alimentaria identificadas fueron: desempleo, alto costo de algunos alimentos y falta de información nutricional. La necesidad de educación nutricional fue una constante. CONCLUSIONES: Para interpretar datos nacionales de inseguridad alimentaria en latinoamericanos es esencial considerar su percepción particular de ese fenómeno.

  3. Contrubución de la técnica del grupo focal al acercamiento a la percepción estudiantil sobre accesibilidad en el entorno universitario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gross Martínez, Martha

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo describe la técnica de grupo focal utilizada en la investigación: “Accesibilidad en la permanencia de estudiantes con necesidades educativas asociadas o no a discapacidad: Sede Rodrigo Facio” de la Universidad de Costa Rica; cuyo objetivo general consistió en la elaboración de una guía de comprobación y buenas prácticas en el tema de accesibilidad, como un recurso que le permita a la comunidad universitaria dar respuesta a esta población y constituirse en insumo para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva. A partir de los grupos focales, se exploró la percepción estudiantil con necesidades educativas asociadas o no a discapacidad, sobre la accesibilidad en la vida universitaria; para ello esta se caracterizó y categorizó en tres dimensiones: accesibilidad al espacio físico, a la información y al proceso educativo. Esta técnica permitió que cada participante expresara sus percepciones, comentara su vivencia e interacción con el entorno universitario. Finalmente, se concluye que los grupos focales constituyen una técnica relevante de recolección de información en los procesos de investigación cualitativa, porque establecen un acercamiento personal, lo que la convierte en un recurso útil para conocer a esta población

  4. Frontal lobe epilepsy and EEG: Neurophysiological approach

    OpenAIRE

    García López, Beatriz

    2015-01-01

    La epilepsia del lóbulo frontal es la segunda más frecuente en la mayoría de las series publicadas, después de la epilepsia temporal. Sus características clínicas y electroencefalográficas son muy variadas, lo que hace de su diagnóstico y tratamiento un reto en la práctica clínica. Las crisis frontales suelen aparecen en "clusters", con frecuencia generalizan y el aspecto electroencefalográfico de la actividad intercrítica y crítica suele ser difícil de interpretar por la gran difusión que su...

  5. Urban prevalence of epilepsy: populational study in São José do Rio Preto, a medium-sized city in Brazil Prevalência urbana da epilepsia: estudo populacional em São José do Rio Preto - cidade de médio porte do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moacir Alves Borges

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in the urban population of São José do Rio Preto. This is a medium-sized city of 336000 inhabitants, located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: A crosssectional epidemiological investigation with a randomized sample was performed in two phases, a screening phase and a confirmation of the diagnosis phase. The gold standard was a clinical investigation and neurological examination. The chi-square test was used in analysis of the results and p-value value ANTECEDENTES: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência da epilepsia na população urbana de São José do Rio Preto, com 336000 habitantes, localizada no noroeste do Estado de São Paulo/ Brasil. MÉTODO: O estudo populacional, tipo corte transversal, em amostra aleatória, constituiuse de uma fase de rastreamento, mediante um questionário. O padrão ouro para confirmação diagnóstica foi a história clínica e o exame neurológico. Os testes do c² e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95% foram usados para análise dos resultados, tendo sido considerados significantes os de valor p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: A amostra estudada foi de 17293 pessoas, cuja distribuição quanto ao sexo, à faixa etária e à raça foram semelhantes à da população em geral. A prevalência de epilepsia por 1000 hab. foi 18,6, sendo 8,2 para ativa considerandose, pelo menos, uma crise no período dos últimos 2 anos. A prevalência na faixa etária de 0 a 4 anos foi 4,9, de 5 a 14, 11,7; de 15 a 64, 20,3; e acima dos 65 anos foi 32,8. CONCLUSÃO: As prevalências de epilepsia acumulada e ativa foram elevadas, semelhantes às dos países em desenvolvimento, em particular, aos da América Latina. A prevalência de epilepsia na infância foi baixa, enquanto que nos idosos foi elevada, semelhantes às observadas em países desenvolvidos. Estes resultados são relevantes no planejamento de medidas sanitárias, adequa

  6. 'Focal thyroid inferno' on color Doppler ultrasonography: A specific feature of focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fu, Xianshui, E-mail: fuxs1968@163.com [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Guo, Limei, E-mail: guolimei@bjmu.edu.cn [Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Zhang, Huabin, E-mail: huabinzhang@bjmu.edu.cn [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Ran, Weiqiang, E-mail: ranwq-sina@vip.sina.com [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Fu, Peng, E-mail: fupeng01@gmail.com [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Li, Zhiqiang, E-mail: lizhq126@126.com [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Chen, Wen, E-mail: wendy7989@sina.com [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Jiang, Ling, E-mail: papayaling@yahoo.com.cn [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Wang, Jinrui, E-mail: jinrui_wang@sina.com [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Jia, Jianwen, E-mail: drjia88@sohu.com [Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuanbeilu Road, Beijing 100191 (China)

    2012-11-15

    Purpose: To evaluate color-Doppler features predictive of focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Materials and methods: A total of 521 patients with 561 thyroid nodules that underwent surgeries or gun biopsies were included in this study. These nodules were divided into three groups: focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis (104 nodules in 101 patients), benignity other than focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis (73 nodules in 70 patients), and malignancy (358 nodules in 350 patients). On color Doppler sonography, four vascularity types were determined as: hypovascularity, marked internal flow, marked peripheral flow and focal thyroid inferno. The {chi}{sup 2} test was performed to seek the potential vascularity type with the predictive ability of certain thyroid pathology. Furthermore, the gray-scale features of each nodule were also studied. Results: The vascularity type I (hypovascularity) was more often seen in focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis than other benignity and malignancy (46% vs. 20.5% and 19%). While the type II (marked internal flow) showed the opposite tendency (26.9% [focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis] vs. 45.2% [other benignity] and 52.8% [malignancy]). However, type III (marked peripheral flow) was unable to predict any thyroid pathology. Importantly, type IV (focal thyroid inferno) was exclusive to focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis. All 8 type IV nodules appeared to be solid, hypoechoic, and well-defined. Using 'focal thyroid inferno' as an indicator of FHT, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 7.7% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: The vascularity type of 'focal thyroid inferno' is specific for focal Hashimoto thyroiditis. Recognition of this particular feature may avoid unnecessary interventional procedures for some solid hypoechoic thyroid nodules suspicious of malignancy.

  7. Focal dermal hypoplasia without focal dermal hypoplasia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Contreras-Capetillo, Silvina N.; Lombardi, Maria Paola; Pinto-Escalante, Doris; Hennekam, Raoul C.

    2014-01-01

    Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH; Goltz-Gorlin syndrome) is an X-linked dominant disorder affecting mainly tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The phenotype is characterized by hypoplastic linear skin lesions, eye malformations, hair and teeth anomalies, and multiple limbs malformations. The

  8. Functional hemispherotomy in Rasmussen syndrome in the absence of classic MRI findings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yasunori Nagahama

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available A 7-year-old previously healthy girl presented with a left-sided focal seizure without impaired consciousness and subsequently developed epilepsia partialis continua. Initial MRI was normal, and the subsequent images only showed a focal T2/FLAIR hyperintense area without cortical atrophy. She was diagnosed with Rasmussen syndrome by pathology and promptly treated with functional hemispherotomy. Rasmussen syndrome is a rare progressive neurological disorder, the only definitive cure for which is hemispheric disconnection. The disease presents a management dilemma, especially early in disease course without characteristic neuroimaging features. A high index of suspicion, multidisciplinary approach, and clear timely communication with the family are critical.

  9. Sighting optics including an optical element having a first focal length and a second focal length

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crandall, David Lynn [Idaho Falls, ID

    2011-08-01

    One embodiment of sighting optics according to the teachings provided herein may include a front sight and a rear sight positioned in spaced-apart relation. The rear sight includes an optical element having a first focal length and a second focal length. The first focal length is selected so that it is about equal to a distance separating the optical element and the front sight and the second focal length is selected so that it is about equal to a target distance. The optical element thus brings into simultaneous focus, for a user, images of the front sight and the target.

  10. ANÁLISIS DE SITUACIÓN Y PROPUESTAS DE MEJORA EN ENFERMERÍA DE ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA DE MALLORCA: UN ESTUDIO CON GRUPOS FOCALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salvadora Sancho Viudes

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento. La reforma de la atención primaria (RAP ha dado lugar a mejoras importantes en la profesión enfermera. Objetivos del estudio: analizar los logros obtenidos por las enfermeras, identificar los problemas que tienen actualmente en atención primaria y proponer líneas de trabajo para el futuro. Método: Investigación cualitativa (técnica del grupo focal. Se realizaron ocho grupos segmentados según la categoría profesional y el puesto desempeñado. Dimensiones de análisis: rol de la enfermera, oferta y organización de servicios, participación y gestión, marketing y formación. Resultados: Para los entrevistados, la RAP ha supuesto una ampliación de las competencias de las enfermeras, aunque su rol sigue sin estar bien definido. Consideran que no existe una cartera de servicios propia de enfermería, a pesar de su claro protagonismo en atención domiciliaria y educación para la salud. Se ha identificado la necesidad de revisar, en términos de resultados, los programas de salud existentes. Se comentan dificultades relacionadas con la falta de ajuste de las plantillas en relación con el incremento poblacional. Destacan problemas de comunicación interna en los equipos y la escasa la difusión de los servicios de enfermería. Se percibe la necesidad de ampliar la formación pregrado en algunos contenidos (educación para la salud y habilidades (trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: Si bien la RAP ha supuesto mejoras para las enfermeras, quedan aspectos por resolver (definición de cartera de servicios, ajuste de plantillas, comunicación interna, marketing, formación, entre otros y dada la oportunidad que representan las transferencias sanitarias hay que avanzar hacia propuestas innovadoras para mejorar los servicios de salud.

  11. First, do no harm: the risks of overtreating children with epilepsy Primeiramente, não causar dano: os riscos do excesso de medicações no tratamento da epilepsia na infância

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eunice Chuang

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Although overtreatment with antiepileptic drugs contributes to the morbidity associated with epilepsy, many children still are overtreated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the withdrawal of at least one antiepileptic drug (AED in children with refractory epilepsy using polytherapy enable a better seizure control. METHOD: This was a prospective study. Children with refractory epilepsy using at least two AEDs were included. Once the patient, or guardian, agreed to participate in the study, one or more AED were slowly tapered off. The remaining AEDs dosages could be adjusted as needed, but a new AED could not be introduced. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were evaluated, three girls; ages ranging from 3 to 18 (mean=8.7 years. After at least one AED withdrawal, two (13.5% patients became seizure free, seizures improved >50% in 5 (33.5% patients, did not change in 5 (33.5%, and seizure frequency became worse in 3 (20%. Adverse events improved in 12 patients (80%. CONCLUSION: The withdrawal of at least one AED is a valuable option in the treatment of selected children with refractory epilepsy.INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar do tratamento excessivo com drogas antiepilépticas (DAE contribuir para a morbidade associada à epilepsia, muitas crianças ainda são submetidas a politerapia desnecessária. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a retirada de pelo menos uma DAE em crianças com epilepsia refratária utilizando politerapia pode proporcionar melhor controle das crises epilépticas. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo prospectivo. Crianças com epilepsia refratária em uso de pelo menos duas DAE foram incluídas. Após assinatura do consentimento informado, uma ou mais DAE foram lentamente retiradas. As doses das outras DAE que não foram retiradas poderiam ser ajustadas se necessário, mas uma nova DAE não pode ser introduzida. RESULTADOS: Quinze pacientes foram avaliados, três eram meninas, com idades entre 3 e 18 anos (média=8,7. Após a retirada de pelo menos uma DAE, 2 (13

  12. Implantação estereotáxica de eletrodos profundos por ressonância magnética para cirurgia de epilepsia MRI-guided stereotactic implantation of depth electrodes in epilepsy surgery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MURILO S. MENESES

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com epilepsia refratária ao tratamento medicamentoso e submetida à monitorização em vídeo-eletrencefalografia por eletrodos de profundidade intracerebrais. A história, o exame clínico, a ressonância magnética (RM, a vídeo-eletrencefalografia e o estudo neuropsicológico não foram suficientes para a determinação da área cerebral de origem das crises convulsivas. Eletrodos de profundidade intracerebrais colocados por estereotaxia guiada por RM possibilitaram o registro de forma muito clara da atividade epileptiforme, determinando com precisão a área cerebral epileptogênica a ser removida por cirurgia. Após lobectomia temporal anterior direita com amígdalo-hipocampectomia realizada há três meses, a paciente permanece sem crises convulsivas. Segundo informações obtidas durante o último Congresso da Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia, esta é a primeira cirurgia estereotáxica para colocação de eletrodos de profundidade intracerebrais em epilepsia no Brasil.We present the case of a 40-year-old woman with refractory epilepsy since aged 18, who was submitted to video-EEG monitoring with intracerebral depth electrodes. The clinical history and examination, magnetic resonance image (MRI, video-EEG and neuropsychological study did not allow the determination of the cerebral onset of epileptic seizures. Depth electrodes inserted by MRI-guided stereotaxis allowed the recording of the epileptic activity and thus showed quite accurately the area of the brain to be surgically resected. She underwent a right anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful and she is without epileptic seizures after three months of follow-up. The average pre-operative free-seizure period was two weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first stereotactic surgery for insertion of depth intracerebral electrodes in epilepsy in Brazil.

  13. Hemorragia cerebral secundaria a trombocitopenia por varicela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jairo Lizarazo

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 44 años, previamente sano, con varicela, trombocitopenia grave, manifestaciones hemorrágicas en mucosas y una extensa hemorragia cerebral en el hemisferio derecho. Su tratamiento incluyó la transfusión de plaquetas y altas dosis de esteroides. El paciente mejoró, aunque persistieron la hemianopsia homónima izquierda y la epilepsia, tratada con medicación.

  14. Sistema colinérgico: revisitando receptores, regulação e a relação com a doença de Alzheimer, esquizofrenia, epilepsia e tabagismo

    OpenAIRE

    Ventura,Ana L. M.; Abreu,Paula A.; Freitas,Rodrigo C. C.; Sathler,Plínio C.; Loureiro,Natália; Castro,Helena C.

    2010-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Revisar a estrutura e o funcionamento do sistema colinérgico central ressaltando seu papel na fisiologia e na fisiopatologia das doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson, esquizofrenia, epilepsia e tabagismo. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no MedLine, LILACS, PubMed e ISI, e na Biblioteca da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, selecionando-se o período de 1914 a 2009, utilizando os descritores: "receptors", "cholinergic", "Alzheimer disease", "schizophrenia", "epilepsy" e "smoking"...

  15. Características de pacientes con parálisis cerebral atendidos en consulta externa de neuropediatría en un hospital peruano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith R Vila

    Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características de consulta neurológica y referencia de los niños con parálisis cerebral (PC. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se evaluaron las historias clínicas de los niños con PC asistentes a consulta externa de la unidad de Neuropediatría del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre los años 2011 y 2012. Se incluyeron 81 niños, el 53,1% fueron varones; la PC espástica fue la más frecuente (72,8%, la encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica (28,1% y las malformaciones cerebrales (28,1% fueron las principales causas en neonatos a término. La edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue a los 4,1 ± 3,2 años, la epilepsia fue el motivo más frecuente de consulta neuropediátrica. El 58% fue hospitalizado al menos una vez. El tiempo de espera para ser atendido por terapia física tuvo una mediana de 2 meses (rango intercuartílico = 0,8 - 9. Concluimos que el diagnóstico de PC fue tardío, el tiempo de espera para acceder a la atención especializada fue prolongado. Se requieren protocolos y mayor eficiencia para atender en forma adecuada a los niños con PC.

  16. Evaluation of Hemodynamics in Focal Steatosis and Focal Spared Lesion of the Liver Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with Sonazoid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shiozawa, K.; Watanabe, M.; Ikehara, T.; Kogame, M.; Shinohara, M.; Shinohara, M.; Ishii, K.; Igarashi, Y.; Sumino, Y.; Shiozawa, K.; Makino, H.

    2014-01-01

    We aim to investigate the hemodynamics in focal steatosis and focal spared lesion of the liver using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid. The subjects were 47 patients with focal steatosis and focal spared lesion. We evaluated enhancement patterns (hyper enhancement, iso enhancement, and hypo enhancement) in the vascular phase and the presence or absence of a hypoechoic area in the post vascular phase for these lesions using CEUS. Of the 24 patients with focal steatosis, the enhancement pattern was iso enhancement in 19 and hypo enhancement in 5. Hypoechoic areas were noted in the post vascular phase in 3 patients. Of the 23 patients with focal spared lesions, the enhancement pattern was iso enhancement in 18 and hyper enhancement in 5. No hypoechoic areas were noted in the post vascular phase in any patient. The hemodynamics in focal steatosis and focal spared lesions in non diffuse fatty liver can be observed using low-invasive procedures in real-time by CEUS. It was suggested that differences in the dynamics of enhancement in the vascular phase of CEUS were influenced by the fat deposits in the target lesion, the surrounding liver parenchyma, and the third inflow.

  17. Hiperplasia epitelial focal. Tratamiento conservador con ácido tricloroacético: Conservative treatment with trichloroacetic acid

    OpenAIRE

    Harris Ricardo, Jonathan; Vásquez Sanjuán, Katherine; Fortich Mesa, Natalia

    2011-01-01

    La hiperplasia epitelial focal conocida también como enfermedad de Heck es una patología benigna que se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples pápulas en la mucosa de la cavidad bucal, producida por el virus del papiloma humano afectando principalmente niños y adolescentes. Se reporta caso clínico de paciente femenina de 7 años de edad, remitida por odontopediatría al servicio de estomatología y cirugía oral, por presentar múltiples pápulas en mucosa bucal, de tamaño variable, asintomática...

  18. Focal midbrain tumors in children

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Vandertop, W. P.; Hoffman, H. J.; Drake, J. M.; Humphreys, R. P.; Rutka, J. T.; Amstrong, D. C.; Becker, L. E.

    1992-01-01

    The clinical and neuroradiological features of focal midbrain tumors in 12 children are described, and the results of their surgical management are presented. Patients with a focal midbrain tumor usually exhibit either symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure caused by an obstructive

  19. Modelos parentales y su relación con la violencia en las parejas del mismo sexo

    OpenAIRE

    Ronzón-Tirado, Rosa Carolina; Rey Yedra, Luis; González-Flores, María del Pilar

    2017-01-01

    Este artículo forma parte de una investigación más amplia cuyo objetivo fue describir los elementos relacionados con la violencia en parejas gays y lésbicas. Abordamos los resultados sobre la relación de los modelos parentales con la violencia ejercida al interior de estas y otras relaciones interpersonales. Seguimos un método descriptivo cualitativo y utilizamos grupos focales para recopilar la información, en donde participaron ocho hombres gays, seis mujeres lesbianas y una mujer bisexual,...

  20. Diagnostic imaging in focal epilepsy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zlatareva, D.

    2013-01-01

    Focal epilepsies account for 60% of all seizure disorders worldwide. In this review the classic and new classification system of epileptic seizures and syndromes as well as genetic forms are discussed. Magnetic resonance (MR) is the technique of choice for diagnostic imaging in focal epilepsy because of its sensitivity and high tissue contrast. The review is focused on the lack of consensus of imaging protocols and reported findings in refractory epilepsy. The most frequently encountered MRI findings in epilepsy are reported and their imaging characteristics are depicted. Diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis and malformations of cortical development as two major causes of refractory focal epilepsy is described in details. Some promising new techniques as positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) and MR and PET/CT fusion are briefly discussed. Also the relevance of adequate imaging in focal epilepsy, some practical points in imaging interpretation and differential diagnosis are highlighted. (author)

  1. RTG diagnostics of dental focal infection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Petrasova, A.; Ondrasovicova, J.; Cecctkova, A.

    2008-01-01

    The theory of focal infection has always been and still is a controversial issue for many dentists and scientists. Even though the focal infection does not occupy the first place in modern medicine, its understanding is imperative. The authors summarized the knowledge about dental focal infection and its relationship to systemic the diseases of the whole body in their publication and they also focused on the radiodiagnostics of this disease. (authors)

  2. Funcionamento intelectual em pacientes pediátricos com epilepsia: comparação de crianças controladas com medicação, não controladas com medicação e controladas com cirurgia Intellectual functioning in pediatric patients with epilepsy: a comparison of medically controlled, medically uncontrolled and surgically controlled children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecília Souza-Oliveira

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar o quociente intelectual (QI em três grupos de crianças com epilepsia: 1 controlados com medicação, 2 não controlados com medicação e 3 controlados com cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Noventa e oito pacientes pediátricos, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, foram selecionados de dezembro de 2007 a julho de 2008. A Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças - terceira edição (WISC-III foi utilizada para a avaliação neuropsicológica dos pacientes. Os resultados foram relacionados com a síndrome epiléptica, a etiologia da epilepsia, o tratamento medicamentoso, a idade do paciente no início da epilepsia e a duração da epilepsia. RESULTADOS: Os escores da WISC foram significativamente melhores no grupo controlado com medicação quando comparados aos do grupo não controlado com medicação. O grupo controlado com medicação obteve um desempenho significativamente melhor na maioria dos subtestes da WISC quando comparado ao grupo não controlado com medicação: vocabulário, aritmética, compreensão, memória de dígitos, completar figuras, arranjo de figuras e cubos. Um número significativamente maior de pacientes com epilepsia idiopática e uso de monoterapia foi observado no grupo controlado com medicação quando comparado ao grupo não controlado. O grupo controlado com cirurgia não apresentou diferença significativa no desempenho do QI quando comparado ao grupo controlado com medicação. CONCLUSÕES: As crianças com um bom controle de crises tiveram um melhor desempenho no QI geral, verbal e de execução quando comparadas às crianças com epilepsia refratária. Esses resultados podem ser influenciados por fatores clínicos como o uso de monoterapia, o tipo de droga antiepiléptica utilizada, a síndrome epiléptica e a etiologia da epilepsia. A cirurgia de epilepsia pode causar um impacto positivo no desempenho cognitivo das crianças que ficaram livres de crises após o procedimento cirúrgico.OBJECTIVE: To

  3. El valor de los apoyos para el bienestar subjetivo al vivir con esquizofrenia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Ricardo Zaraza Morales

    Full Text Available Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación cualitativa que se realizó con la participación de un grupo de personas con esquizofrenia y sus familiares, en Medellín (Colombia. El objetivo fue comprender los aspectos que promueven la salud mental en las personas con esquizofrenia y sus familias, teniendo en cuenta su experiencia subjetiva. Se realizaron ocho entrevistas en profundidad y dos grupos focales para la recolección de la información, la cual se analizó bajo los planteamientos de la Teoría Fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin. La categoría interpretativa que surgió durante el análisis fue "El valor de los apoyos, un punto subjetivo en la experiencia de vivir con esquizofrenia", la cual revela la importancia que tiene, para quienes viven y conviven con la enfermedad, el fortalecimiento de los apoyos personales, familiares y sociales disponibles, pues estos favorecen la sensación de bienestar y el camino hacia la recuperación.

  4. Neurocisticercosis en pediatría

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Malagón Valdez

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Cisticercosis: enfermedad parasitaria que afecta en México al 3% de la población. Se considera que hay más de 50 millones de infectados en el mundo, endémica en México, Centro y Sudamérica, Africa, Asia e India. Considerada la enfermedad infecciosa neurológica más importante mundialmente por sus manifestaciones clínicas. El agente causal en cerdos y humanos es el cisticerco de la Taenia solium, que puede alojarse en músculo, cerebro y ventrículos. Si se ingiere carne de cerdo contaminada con cisticercos, se adquiere la solitaria, que vive en los intestinos del ser humano y genera miles de huevecillos que se excretan por la materia fecal. Al ingerir alimentos contaminados con materia fecal por el humano y el cerdo, se adquiere la cisticercosis que compromete distintas partes del organismo, especialmente el SNC. El ser humano es el único hospedero de la solitaria y el cerdo es intermediario, por lo que la prevalencia de la teniasis-cisticercosis depende de este vínculo. Se diagnostica en zonas endémicas por la presencia de crisis convulsivas, cefalea, síntomas neurológicos focales, trastornos de visión, hipertensión endocraneal y tomografía cerebral con zonas hipodensas o quiste con un anillo hiperdenso. El tratamiento con antiparasitarios es controversial en pediatría, se sugiere administrarse en la fase quística no calcificada y en casos de epilepsia asociada. Pocos son los casos que ameritan tratamiento quirúrgico por hidrocefalia o por cisticerco intraventricular, que es muy raro.

  5. ¿Existe un síndrome nefrótico corticosensible con lesión mínima hereditario?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandalio Durán Álvarez

    Full Text Available Se presenta una revisión de las características hereditarias, presentación clínica y pronóstico de los síndromes nefróticos hereditarios que se han descubierto en los últimos años. La mayoría de los estudios están relacionados con síndromes nefróticos hereditarios con lesiones hísticas variadas y mala respuesta al tratamiento. Las mutaciones más frecuentes se producen en los genes NPHS2, NPHS1, WT1 y LAMB2, que producen glomeruloesclerosis focal segmentaria, síndrome nefrótico de tipo finés (enfermedad microquística, esclerosis mesangial difusa y síndrome de Pierson. También se han descrito mutaciones en los genes alfa-actinina 4 y TRPC6, las cuales producen síndrome nefrótico con glomeruloesclerosis focal de comienzo en el adulto. Se ha demostrado la presentación de un síndrome nefrótico familiar con lesión mínima y buena respuesta a los tratamientos, que parece ser producido por algún gen que puede codificar un factor desconocido, cuyo locus es 2p12-p13.2. Se han demostrado casos de síndrome nefrótico familiar que pueden tener patrones hereditarios autosómicos dominantes o recesivos, con evolución similar a la de sus progenitores o hermanos y que se corresponden con respuesta al tratamiento del síndrome nefrótico idiopático con lesión mínima. Se necesita continuar profundizando en el estudio de estos pacientes para precisar las distintas formas de herencia y el gen o genes involucrados en este síndrome nefrótico.

  6. The dispersion-focalization theory of sound systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schwartz, Jean-Luc; Abry, Christian; Boë, Louis-Jean; Vallée, Nathalie; Ménard, Lucie

    2005-04-01

    The Dispersion-Focalization Theory states that sound systems in human languages are shaped by two major perceptual constraints: dispersion driving auditory contrast towards maximal or sufficient values [B. Lindblom, J. Phonetics 18, 135-152 (1990)] and focalization driving auditory spectra towards patterns with close neighboring formants. Dispersion is computed from the sum of the inverse squared inter-spectra distances in the (F1, F2, F3, F4) space, using a non-linear process based on the 3.5 Bark critical distance to estimate F2'. Focalization is based on the idea that close neighboring formants produce vowel spectra with marked peaks, easier to process and memorize in the auditory system. Evidence for increased stability of focal vowels in short-term memory was provided in a discrimination experiment on adult French subjects [J. L. Schwartz and P. Escudier, Speech Comm. 8, 235-259 (1989)]. A reanalysis of infant discrimination data shows that focalization could well be the responsible for recurrent discrimination asymmetries [J. L. Schwartz et al., Speech Comm. (in press)]. Recent data about children vowel production indicate that focalization seems to be part of the perceptual templates driving speech development. The Dispersion-Focalization Theory produces valid predictions for both vowel and consonant systems, in relation with available databases of human languages inventories.

  7. Seven tesla MRI improves detection of focal cortical dysplasia in patients with refractory focal epilepsy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Veersema, Tim J; Ferrier, Cyrille H; van Eijsden, Pieter; Gosselaar, Peter H; Aronica, Eleonora; Visser, Fredy; Zwanenburg, Jaco M; de Kort, Gerard A P; Hendrikse, Jeroen; Luijten, Peter R; Braun, Kees P J

    Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of 7 tesla (T) MRI in clinical practice leads to higher detection rates of focal cortical dysplasias in possible candidates for epilepsy surgery. Methods: In our center patients are referred for 7 T MRI if lesional focal epilepsy is

  8. Periodontitis in patients with focal tuberculosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandrova Е.А.

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The research goal is to investigate the mechanisms of formation and peculiarities of periodontitis in patients with focal tuberculosis. Patients with periodontitis and focal tuberculosis are proved to develop local inflammatory reaction with increased infection and activation of proinflammatory cytokines in parodontal pockets fluid. The main risk factor of frequent and durable recurrence of parodontal pathology in case of focal tuberculosis was the development of pathologic process as a cause of disbalance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system, endotoxicosis syndrome

  9. Expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bulut, Emel Uzun; Acikgoz, Aydan; Ozan, Bora; Zengin, Ayse Zeynep; Gunhan, Omer

    2012-01-01

    To present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis. Cemento-osseous dysplasia is categorized into three subtypes on the basis of the clinical and radiographic features: Periapical, focal and florid. The focal type exhibits a single site of involvement in any tooth-bearing or edentulous area of the jaws. These lesions are usually asymptomatic; therefore, they are frequently diagnosed incidentally during routine radiographic examinations. Lesions are usually benign, show limited growth, and do not require further surgical intervention, but periodic follow-up is recommended because occasionally, this type of dysplasia progresses into florid osseous dysplasia and simple bone cysts are formed. A 24-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic for swelling in the left edentulous mandibular premolarmolar region and felt discomfort when she wore her prosthetics. She had no pain, tenderness or paresthesia. Clinical examination showed that the swelling in the posterior mandible that was firm, nonfluctuant and covered by normal mucosa. On panoramic radiography and computed tomography, a well defined lesion of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter of mixed density was observed. The swelling increased slightly in size over 2 years making it difficult to use prosthetics and, therefore, the lesion was totally excised under local anesthesia, and surgical specimens were submitted for histopathological examination. The histopathological diagnosis was focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. In the present case, because of the increasing size of the swelling making it difficult to use prosthetics, young age of the patient and localization of the lesion, in the initial examination, cemento-ossifying fibroma was suspected, and the lesion was excised surgically; the histopathological diagnosis confirmed it as focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. We present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Differential diagnosis

  10. DISTURBIOS PRAXICOS EN LESIONES FOCALES DE LOS HEMISFERIOS CEREBRALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Murillo Duran

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la dificultad paraxial, es decir, los desórdenes funcionales en el movimiento resultado de lesiones cerebrales del tejido fino. De acuerdo con la literatura sobre la materia, se ha aceptado la definición de la apraxia como la inhabilidad en ejecutar correctamente tareas cinéticas, sin la debilitación o la pérdida de motricidad o de funciones sensoriales o la ataxia como condicionante de tal inhabilidad". La "ejecución apropiada" utilizada en esta definición considera no solamente el efecto de la acción, también los medios de su realización. Las "tareas cinéticas" significan todos los aspectos de la actividad motora definidos por las instrucciones, independientes del tipo de instrucción (verbal o los gestos, y sin importar si lograron el efecto final imitando el movimiento del investigador o si fueron realizadas independientemente. La metodología se ha basado en principio en los trabajos de A.R.Luria.. Las discusiones fueron basadas en los resultados de la investigación que comprendían a 90 pacientes con lesiones cerebrales focales. En cincuenta casos, los cambios fueron localizados en el hemisferio cerebral izquierdo, en cuarenta casos en el hemisferio derecho. Los resultados alcanzaron permiten formar la opinión que no todas las pruebas generalmente aceptadas que investigan praxia en personas con lesiones cerebrales son solucionadas favorablemente por individuos sanos; así, una ejecución deficiente no se debe mirar siempre como muestra del funcionamiento patológico del tejido fino cerebral como resultado de la lesión.

  11. Estrategias educativas para alumnos con daño cerebral sobrevenido

    OpenAIRE

    Grau Rubio, Claudia

    2007-01-01

    Los síntomas de los niños afectados por un daño cerebral sobrevenido pueden ser pasajeros o permanentes, y presentar alteraciones cognitivas (percepción, atención, memoria y pensamiento), expresivas (lenguaje y motricidad), emocionales y del comportamiento y alteración en las funciones ejecutivas. Asimismo, pueden sufrir ataques de epilepsia, hidrocefalia, cefalea y fatiga crónica y tienen problemas de aprendizaje, de conducta y de adaptación social. La escuela debe hacer las adaptaciones ...

  12. An empirical assessment of the focal species hypothesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lindenmayer, D B; Lane, P W; Westgate, M J; Crane, M; Michael, D; Okada, S; Barton, P S

    2014-12-01

    Biodiversity surrogates and indicators are commonly used in conservation management. The focal species approach (FSA) is one method for identifying biodiversity surrogates, and it is underpinned by the hypothesis that management aimed at a particular focal species will confer protection on co-occurring species. This concept has been the subject of much debate, in part because the validity of the FSA has not been subject to detailed empirical assessment of the extent to which a given focal species actually co-occurs with other species in an assemblage. To address this knowledge gap, we used large-scale, long-term data sets of temperate woodland birds to select focal species associated with threatening processes such as habitat isolation and loss of key vegetation attributes. We quantified co-occurrence patterns among focal species, species in the wider bird assemblage, and species of conservation concern. Some, but not all, focal species were associated with high levels of species richness. One of our selected focal species was negatively associated with the occurrence of other species (i.e., it was an antisurrogate)-a previously undescribed property of nominated focal species. Furthermore, combinations of focal species were not associated with substantially elevated levels of bird species richness, relative to levels associated with individual species. Our results suggest that although there is some merit to the underpinning concept of the FSA, there is also a need to ensure that actions are sufficiently flexible because management tightly focused on a given focal species may not benefit some other species, including species of conservation concern, such of which might not occur in species-rich assemblages. © 2014 Society for Conservation Biology.

  13. Epilepsia do lobo frontal na infância: aspectos psicológicos e neuropsicológicos = Frontal lobe epilepsy in childhood: Psychological and neuropsychological aspects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SchlindweinZanini, Rachel

    2007-01-01

    Conclusões: Na criança, a epilepsia do lobo frontal pode gerar distúrbios psicológicos e neuropsicológicos, como déficits em funções executivas (cognição, planejamento, linguagem, memória e atenção, alterações comportamentais (controle de impulsos e agressividade, manifestações de crises epilépticas comportamentais e piora da qualidade de vida. Suas alterações podem ser confundidas com doenças psiquiátricas, reforçando a importância do diagnóstico diferencial e da avaliação neuropsicológica.

  14. Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Thomas

    2007-01-01

    Focal cerebral ischemia due to occlusion of a major cerebral artery is the cause of ischemic stroke which is a major reason of mortality, morbidity and disability in the populations of the developed countries. In the seven studies summarized in the thesis focal ischemia in rats induced by occlusion...... in the penumbra is recruited in the infarction process leading to a progressive growth of the infarct. The penumbra hence constitutes an important target for pharmacological treatment because of the existence of a therapeutic time window during which treatment with neuroprotective compounds may prevent...

  15. Amortización de préstamos con cuotas uniformes vencidas a interés simple

    OpenAIRE

    Aliaga V, Carlos; Aliaga C, Carlos

    2017-01-01

    Resumen En el modelo de amortización de préstamos a interés simple con cuotas uniformes vencidas y periodos de cuota uniformes, pueden identificarse dos tipos: Tipo 1: Todas las cuotas del préstamo amortizan principal. Tipo 2: Préstamos con interés simple cuando el principal queda cancelado antes de la última cuota. Utiliza una ecuación de equivalencia financiera a interés simple, que toma como fecha focal el final del horizonte del préstamo y calcula en ese momento el importe de la cuota u...

  16. Sighting optics including an optical element having a first focal length and a second focal length and methods for sighting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crandall, David Lynn

    2011-08-16

    Sighting optics include a front sight and a rear sight positioned in a spaced-apart relation. The rear sight includes an optical element having a first focal length and a second focal length. The first focal length is selected so that it is about equal to a distance separating the optical element and the front sight and the second focal length is selected so that it is about equal to a target distance. The optical element thus brings into simultaneous focus for a user images of the front sight and the target.

  17. Variáveis psicológicas envolvidas na qualidade de vida de portadores de epilepsia Psychological variables involved in the quality of life of patients with epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priscila Camile Barioni Salgado

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available O diagnóstico de epilepsia acarreta um rompimento na maneira como o indivíduo se percebe, na sua vida social e econômica e nos seus planos de futuro. Este estudo buscou avaliar variáveis psicológicas (percepção de controle de crises e características da doença na determinação da qualidade de vida (QV de pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de epilepsia há mais de dois anos. Foram avaliados 60 participantes, aleatoriamente selecionados no ambulatório de epilepsia do HC/Unicamp, com idade entre 18 e 70 anos (M = 37,05; DP = 11,25, através do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida 65 (QQV-65. As variáveis da doença não foram significativas, com exceção da freqüência de crises, que apareceu associada à piora na QV, entre crises controladas e crises com freqüência acima de 10 por mês (p = 0,021. A percepção do controle de crises apareceu significativamente associada à QV (p = 0,005. A interpretação subjetiva de crises controla a resposta de ajustamento à doença e do senso de bem-estar geral e explicam porque a QV é melhor nos participantes livres de crises.The epilepsy diagnostic breaks the way people used to perceive themselves, and tends to destroy their social and economical life, as well as their plans for the future. This study searched for the evaluation of psychological variables (perception of seizure control and the illness characteristics determining the quality of life (QoL in patients with the diagnostic of epilepsy for over two years. The sample consisted of 60 individuals with chronic epilepsy, aging 18 to 70 (M = 37.05; SD = 11.25, chosen at random from the outpatient clinic of epilepsy - University Hospital of Campinas /UNICAMP and evaluated by means of the Questionnaire of Quality of Life 65 (QQV-65. The illness characteristics were not statistically significant, except the seizures frequency, when associated to the impairment in QoL among controlled seizures and seizures with frequency higher than 10 per

  18. Do focal colors look particularly "colorful"?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Witzel, Christoph; Franklin, Anna

    2014-04-01

    If the most typical red, yellow, green, and blue were particularly colorful (i.e., saturated), they would "jump out to the eye." This would explain why even fundamentally different languages have distinct color terms for these focal colors, and why unique hues play a prominent role in subjective color appearance. In this study, the subjective saturation of 10 colors around each of these focal colors was measured through a pairwise matching task. Results show that subjective saturation changes systematically across hues in a way that is strongly correlated to the visual gamut, and exponentially related to sensitivity but not to focal colors.

  19. Inverse-designed stretchable metalens with tunable focal distance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Callewaert, Francois; Velev, Vesselin; Jiang, Shizhou; Sahakian, Alan Varteres; Kumar, Prem; Aydin, Koray

    2018-02-01

    In this paper, we present an inverse-designed 3D-printed all-dielectric stretchable millimeter wave metalens with a tunable focal distance. A computational inverse-design method is used to design a flat metalens made of disconnected polymer building blocks with complex shapes, as opposed to conventional monolithic lenses. The proposed metalens provides better performance than a conventional Fresnel lens, using lesser amount of material and enabling larger focal distance tunability. The metalens is fabricated using a commercial 3D-printer and attached to a stretchable platform. Measurements and simulations show that the focal distance can be tuned by a factor of 4 with a stretching factor of only 75%, a nearly diffraction-limited focal spot, and with a 70% relative focusing efficiency, defined as the ratio between power focused in the focal spot and power going through the focal plane. The proposed platform can be extended for design and fabrication of multiple electromagnetic devices working from visible to microwave radiation depending on scaling of the devices.

  20. El recién nacido febril sin signos de focalización y con punción lumbar fallida en la evaluación inicial The febrile newborn infant with signs of focalization and with failed lumbar puncture in the initial evaluation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Díaz Álvarez

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. La punción lumbar está indicada en la evaluación inicial del recién nacido febril sin signos de focalización. Sin embargo, esta puede resultar fallida y crear incertidumbre en el manejo del tratamiento antibiótico. Fue objetivo de este trabajo verificar el tratamiento y evolución de los recién nacidos febriles sin signos de focalización, cuando la punción lumbar resultó fallida en la evaluación inicial. MÉTODOS. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 150 recién nacidos febriles sin signos de focalización y con punción lumbar fallida en la evaluación inicial, ingresados en el servicio de neonatología de nuestro hospital entre 1992 y el 2000. Todos los pacientes se clasificaron según criterios de bajo riesgo de infección bacteriana grave. El uso de tratamiento antibiótico estuvo sujeto a la consideración del médico que hizo la evaluación inicial. Se calcularon índice y tasa de punción lumbar fallida, se midió la relación entre la indicación de tratamiento antibiótico inicialmente y la clasificación de riesgo de infección bacteriana grave, y verificamos la evolución de los pacientes. RESULTADOS. Fueron fallidas 150 de 1174 punciones lumbares (8,5 % para un índice de 9,2. Los recién nacidos calificados de alto riesgo recibieron con mayor frecuencia tratamiento antibiótico (23,3 % en contraste con los catalogados de bajo riesgo, quienes fueron tratados predominantemente sin antibióticos (36,0 % (p = 0,03. Egresaron vivos 149 neonatos (99,3 %, tanto con uso de antibióticos como sin él. Sin embargo, hubo un fallecido clasificado de alto riesgo de infección bacteriana grave que recibió tratamiento antibiótico desde el inicio. CONCLUSIONES. La punción lumbar puede resultar fallida al evaluar a recién nacidos febriles sin signos de focalización. La indicación de tratamiento antimicrobiano en estos pacientes estuvo relacionada significativamente con la clasificación de riesgo de infección bacteriana

  1. Avaliação do perfil metabólico, nutricional e efeitos adversos de crianças com epilepsia refratária em uso da dieta cetogênica

    OpenAIRE

    Rizzutti,Sueli; Ramos,Ana Maria Figueiredo; Cintra,Isa de Pádua; Muszkat,Mauro; Gabbai,Alberto Alain

    2006-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos adversos, o perfil metabólico e o crescimento pôndero-estatural de crianças com crises epilépticas de difícil controle, as quais foram submetidas a dieta cetogênica. MÉTODOS: Selecionaram-se 23 pacientes na faixa etária de 2 até 17 anos com epilepsia de difícil controle medicamentoso, sendo 43,5% (n=10) do sexo masculino e 56,5% (n=13) do sexo feminino, provenientes do Setor de Neuropediatria da Disciplina de Neurologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Foram ...

  2. PSEUDOSEIZURES AND EPILEPSY IN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ibañez-Valdés L de F.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available We studied 32 rural patients from the poorest regions in South Africa, diagnosed as epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis presenting pseudoseizures. We found that the common clinical characteristics of this series and its psychological profile such as: duration of events, history of sexual abuse in females, absent of focal neurological signs, vocalization in the middle of the seizures, and lack of post-ictal symptoms were very useful for its differential diagnosis, and the possible difference between the clinical features and psychological profile of those patients and others without PS. Finally, some advices for the management of this condition by family doctors are suggested. ______________ RESUMEN: Estudiamos 32 pacientes provenientes de las áreas rurales mas pobres de Sudáfrica en los cuales se diagnosticó una epilepsia secundaria a neurocisticercosis cerebral y que además presentaban seudo crisis epilépticas. Encontramos un número de características clínicas y psicológicas comunes en este grupo tales como la duracion de las crisis, historia de abuso sexual en las hembras, ausencia de signos neurológicos focales, vocalización en el intervalo entre las crisis y la falta de signos postictales que resultó ser muy útil en el diagnóstico diferencial. Se encontraron además diferencias en las características clínicas y psicológicas estos pacientes con relación a otros que no presentaban pseudocrisis.

  3. Análise da assimetria funcional hemisférica de crianças com epilepsia parcial e QI normal pelo desempenho nos subtestes do WISC

    OpenAIRE

    Muszkat,Mauro; Vincenzo,Neyde Santacchi de; Masuko,Alice; Reami,Denilce O.; Campos,Carlos J. Reis de

    1991-01-01

    Foram avaliadas 26 crianças, sem deficiência mental, com média de idade de 9±2 anos, com epilepsia parcial sem lesão cerebral evidenciável à TCC e com atividade paroxistica no EEG intercrítico localizada apenas em um hemisfério cerebral. Essas crianças foram submetidas à Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (WISC) e à análise dos vários subtestes verbais e execução em relação à localização hemisférica da descarga no EEG. Os dados foram comparados ao desempenho no WISC de um grupo de ...

  4. Pharmacological response of systemically derived focal epileptic lesions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Remler, M.P.; Sigvardt, K.; Marcussen, W.H.

    1986-11-01

    Focal epileptic lesions were made in rats by systemic focal epileptogenesis. In this method, a focal lesion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is produced by focal alpha irradiation followed by repeated systemic injection of a convulsant drug that cannot cross the normal BBB, resulting in a chronic epileptic focus. Changes in the spike frequency of these foci in response to various drugs was recorded. The controls, saline and chlorpromazine, produced no change. Phenytoin, phenobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, and valproic acid produced the expected decrease in spike frequency. Pentobarbital and diazepam produced a paradoxical increase in spike frequency.

  5. Prevalence of epilepsy in a case series of multiple sclerosis patients Prevalência de epilepsia numa coorte de pacientes com esclerose múltipla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cynthia Dumas Viveiros

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS patients has been a subject of interest for some years. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical, radiological and electroencephalographic characteristics of epileptic seizures and to calculate the prevalence of epilepsy in a case series of MS patients. METHOD: Medical charts of MS patients were reviewed and patients who had suffered epileptic seizures were identified. RESULTS: Of 160 cases analyzed, 5 had suffered epileptic seizures and one had comorbid mesial hippocampal sclerosis, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with complex partial seizures that began fifteen years prior to her diagnosis of MS. In the other four patients, seizures occurred both during the acute phase of the disease and in the chronic phase. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of epileptic seizures in MS patients in this study was 2.5%, similar to that found in other studies.OBJETIVO: A prevalência da epilepsia em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM tem sido objeto de interesse há vários anos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever as características clínicas, radiológicas e eletroencefalográficas das crises epilépticas e estimar a prevalência de epilepsia na EM numa série de casos. MÉTODO: Foram revisados prontuários de pacientes com EM e identificados os casos que apresentaram crise epiléptica. RESULTADOS: Dos 160 casos analisados, cinco apresentaram crise epiléptica, sendo que, um caso, houve a presença de comorbidade com esclerose mesial do hipocampo, comprovada através de ressonância magnética numa paciente com crises parciais complexas iniciadas quinze anos antes do diagnóstico de EM. Nos outros quatro pacientes, as crises ocorreram tanto na fase aguda da doença, como na fase crônica. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de crises epiléticas nos pacientes com EM neste estudo foi de 2,5%, semelhante à encontrada em outros estudos.

  6. Recurrent Bilateral Focal Myositis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nagafuchi, Hiroko; Nakano, Hiromasa; Ooka, Seido; Takakuwa, Yukiko; Yamada, Hidehiro; Tadokoro, Mamoru; Shimojo, Sadatomo; Ozaki, Shoichi

    This report describes a rare case of recurrent bilateral focal myositis and its successful treatment via methotrexate. A 38-year-old man presented myalgia of the right gastrocnemius in May 2005. Magnetic resonance imaging showed very high signal intensity in the right gastrocnemius on short-tau inversion recovery images. A muscle biopsy revealed inflammatory CD4+ cell-dominant myogenic change. Focal myositis was diagnosed. The first steroid treatment was effective. Tapering of prednisolone, however, repeatedly induced myositis relapse, which progressed to multiple muscle lesions of both lower limbs. Initiation of methotrexate finally allowed successful tapering of prednisolone, with no relapse in the past 4 years.

  7. Multi-focal Vision and Gaze Control Improve Navigation Performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kolja Kuehnlenz

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available Multi-focal vision systems comprise cameras with various fields of view and measurement accuracies. This article presents a multi-focal approach to localization and mapping of mobile robots with active vision. An implementation of the novel concept is done considering a humanoid robot navigation scenario where the robot is visually guided through a structured environment with several landmarks. Various embodiments of multi-focal vision systems are investigated and the impact on navigation performance is evaluated in comparison to a conventional mono-focal stereo set-up. The comparative studies clearly show the benefits of multi-focal vision for mobile robot navigation: flexibility to assign the different available sensors optimally in each situation, enhancement of the visible field, higher localization accuracy, and, thus, better task performance, i.e. path following behavior of the mobile robot. It is shown that multi-focal vision may strongly improve navigation performance.

  8. Flotillins Regulate Focal Adhesions by Interacting with α-Actinin and by Influencing the Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antje Banning

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Cell–matrix adhesion and cell migration are physiologically important processes that also play a major role in cancer spreading. In cultured cells, matrix adhesion depends on integrin-containing contacts such as focal adhesions. Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are frequently overexpressed in cancers and are associated with poor survival. Our previous studies have revealed a role for flotillin-2 in cell–matrix adhesion and in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. We here show that flotillins are important for cell migration in a wound healing assay and influence the morphology and dynamics of focal adhesions. Furthermore, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar is enhanced by flotillins. In the absence of flotillins, especially flotillin-2, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and extracellularly regulated kinase is diminished. Flotillins interact with α-actinin, a major regulator of focal adhesion dynamics. These findings are important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of how flotillin overexpression in cancers may affect cell migration and, especially, enhance metastasis formation.

  9. Continuously variable focal length lens

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adams, Bernhard W; Chollet, Matthieu C

    2013-12-17

    A material preferably in crystal form having a low atomic number such as beryllium (Z=4) provides for the focusing of x-rays in a continuously variable manner. The material is provided with plural spaced curvilinear, optically matched slots and/or recesses through which an x-ray beam is directed. The focal length of the material may be decreased or increased by increasing or decreasing, respectively, the number of slots (or recesses) through which the x-ray beam is directed, while fine tuning of the focal length is accomplished by rotation of the material so as to change the path length of the x-ray beam through the aligned cylindrical slows. X-ray analysis of a fixed point in a solid material may be performed by scanning the energy of the x-ray beam while rotating the material to maintain the beam's focal point at a fixed point in the specimen undergoing analysis.

  10. Prevalence of epilepsy and seizure disorders as causes of apparent life- threatening event (ALTE in children admitted to a tertiary hospital Prevalência de epilepsia e crises epilépticas como causa de eventos com aparente risco de vida (ALTE em crianças internadas em hospital terciário

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Marques dos Anjos

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and describe clinical characteristics of seizure disorders and epilepsy as causes of apparent life- threatening event (ALTE in children admitted at the emergency and followed in a tertiary hospital. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with prospective data collection using specific guidelines to determine the etiology of ALTE. RESULTS: During the study, 30 (4.2% children admitted to the hospital had a diagnosis of ALTE. There was a predominance of males (73% and term infants (70%. Neonatal neurological disorders and neuropsychomotor development delay were found respectively in 13.4% and 10% of the cases. Etiological investigation revealed that 50% of the cases were idiopathic, and 13.4% were caused by epilepsy or seizure disorders. Although all patients had recurrent ALTE events, epilepsy had not been previously suspected. CONCLUSION: Epilepsy should be included in the differential diagnosis of ALTE, particularly when events are recurrent.OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e características clínicas de crises epilépticas e epilepsia como causa de eventos com aparente risco de vida (ALTE em crianças atendidas na emergência e acompanhadas em hospital terciário. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com coleta prospectiva de dados através de protocolo específico para identificação da etiologia de ALTE. RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticadas 30 crianças com ALTE perfazendo 4.2% das crianças internadas no período do estudo. Houve predominância no sexo masculino (73% e em neonatos a termo (70%. História prévia de doenças neurológicas no período neonatal e atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor ocorreram respectivamente em 13.4% e 10% dos casos. A investigação etiológica identificou 13.4% dos casos relacionados a epilepsia ou crise convulsivas e 50% idiopáticos. Apesar destes pacientes terem apresentados episódios recorrentes em nenhum caso havia a suspeita prévia de epilepsia. CONCLUSÃO: Ao investigar

  11. Evaluación médica y psicosocial de una población adulta con discapacidad intelectual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Almenara Barrios José

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las características psicológicas, psicopatológicas, médicas y sociales de una población con discapacidad intelectual asistida en AFANAS-Jerez, que nos permita evaluar con una perspectiva epidemiológica este tipo de problema. MÉTODO: Se realiza un estudio descriptivo de series de casos para caracterizar una población con retraso mental (RM. Se han evaluado las áreas psicológica, médica y social. El nivel intelectual se estudio mediante la Escala de Inteligencia de Weschler para adultos. La conducta adaptativa, la frecuencia, tipología y gravedad de los problemas de conducta se evaluaron mediante el Inventario para la Planificación de Servicios y Programación Individual. Se realizó una exploración psicopatológica de cribaje utilizando. El estudio se completa con una evaluación médica y social mediante entrevistas estructuradas. La información procedente de las distintas áreas se codifico y se analizo en los programas EPIINFO v6.0 y C.I.A.. RESULTADOS: La edad media de la población con discapacidad intelectual estudiada es de 32,2 años (D.E. 9,2 años. Hay un 73% de varones frente a un 27% de mujeres. El 45,1% de los sujetos presentan problemas de comportamiento. Hemos establecido una relación estadística entre la ausencia o no de dichos problemas y el nivel de gravedad del RM, de forma que a mayor deterioro intelectivo mayor probabilidad de padecer los problemas de comportamiento. Dentro de los síntomas psicopatológicos destaca la presencia de ansiedad en un 60,2%. La evaluación médica pone de manifiesto la gran cantidad de problemas asociados al RM, y así vemos como un 22,48% de los sujetos presentan epilepsia, casi el 20% Síndrome de Down, etc.. Destacar también el bajo nivel educativo de los padres y los conflictos familiares que tienen su base en el RM del hijo. CONCLUSIONES: Se debe de señalar como el RM es una entidad muy compleja con una gran cantidad

  12. Análisis de situación y propuestas de mejora en enfermería de atención primaria de Mallorca: un estudio con grupos focales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sancho Viudes Salvadora

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento. La reforma de la atención primaria (RAP ha dado lugar a mejoras importantes en la profesión enfermera. Objetivos del estudio: analizar los logros obtenidos por las enfermeras, identificar los problemas que tienen actualmente en atención primaria y proponer líneas de trabajo para el futuro. Método: Investigación cualitativa (técnica del grupo focal. Se realizaron ocho grupos segmentados según la categoría profesional y el puesto desempeñado. Dimensiones de análisis: rol de la enfermera, oferta y organización de servicios, participación y gestión, marketing y formación. Resultados: Para los entrevistados, la RAP ha supuesto una ampliación de las competencias de las enfermeras, aunque su rol sigue sin estar bien definido. Consideran que no existe una cartera de servicios propia de enfermería, a pesar de su claro protagonismo en atención domiciliaria y educación para la salud. Se ha identificado la necesidad de revisar, en términos de resultados, los programas de salud existentes. Se comentan dificultades relacionadas con la falta de ajuste de las plantillas en relación con el incremento poblacional. Destacan problemas de comunicación interna en los equipos y la escasa la difusión de los servicios de enfermería. Se percibe la necesidad de ampliar la formación pregrado en algunos contenidos (educación para la salud y habilidades (trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: Si bien la RAP ha supuesto mejoras para las enfermeras, quedan aspectos por resolver (definición de cartera de servicios, ajuste de plantillas, comunicación interna, marketing, formación, entre otros y dada la oportunidad que representan las transferencias sanitarias hay que avanzar hacia propuestas innovadoras para mejorar los servicios de salud.

  13. CT appearance of focal fatty infiltration of the liver

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Halvorsen, R.A.; Korobkin, M.; Ram, P.C.; Thompson, W.M.

    1982-01-01

    Focal fatty infiltration of the liver is an entity that may be confused with liver metastasis on computed tomography (CT). The imaging results and medical records of 16 patients with CT appearance suggestive of focal fatty liver were reviewed, three of whom had the simultaneous presence of metastitic liver disease. Focal fatty liver often has a distinctive appearance with CT, usually with a nonspherical shape, absence of mass effect, and density close to water. Liver metastases are usually round or oval, and unless cystic or necrotic, they have CT attenuation values closer to normal liver parenchyma than water. A radionuclide liver scan almost always resolves any confusion about the differential diagnosis of focal fatty liver: a well defined focus of photon deficiency is due to neoplasm rather than focal fatty infiltration. Sonography sometimes helps to confirm the CT impression, but may be misleading if the diagnosis of focal or diffuse fatty infiltration is not suspected before the examination

  14. The study of the focal trough in panoramic radiograph

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, C. S.; Kim, H. P.

    1982-01-01

    In the study of the focal trough of panoramic radiograph, using the Moritta company Panex EC a series of 48 exposures were taken with the 6-18 brass pins placed in the holes of the plastic model plate, then evaluated by 4 observers. The author analyzed the focal trough defined by the sharpness criteria and calculated the vertical and horizontal magnification range in the corrected focal trough. The results were as follows; 1. Continuous focal trough was not defined in the anterior region using a very high degree of sharpness. 2. As degree of sharpness used in the analysis became less, focal trough was continuous in the anterior and posterior regions, symmetrized bilaterally, and the widths of the focal trough increased more in the posterior region. 3. As sharpness criteria were reduced, the percentage range of image magnification increased in both vertical and horizontal magnification, and especially the percentage range of horizontal magnification was greater than that of vertical magnification.

  15. Dieta cetogênica no tratamento de epilepsias farmacorresistentes The ketogenic diet on the treatment of drug resistant epilepsies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Barbosa Nonino-Borges

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available A epilepsia é uma condição clínica crônica correspondente a um grupo de doenças que tem em comum crises epilépticas; ela atinge de 0,5% a 1,0% da população dos países desenvolvidos, podendo esta prevalência ser maior nos países em desenvolvimento. Aproximadamente um terço dos pacientes evolui com crises epilépticas intratáveis com medicamentos; em alguns casos, é possível o tratamento cirúrgico. Nos pacientes em que cirurgia não é possível, a dieta cetogênica passa a ser uma opção terapêutica, principalmente em crianças. Espera-se que esta terapia seja eficaz para, pelo menos, um terço dos pacientes, resultando em redução ou controle das crises. No presente trabalho, apresentamos métodos para o preparo e uso a dieta cetogênica. O planejamento da dieta é individualizado, seguindo-se recomendações para o consumo energético e proporções de gorduras, proteínas e carboidratos específicos. Sempre que introduzida a dieta, o paciente deve ser monitorizado, devido à possibilidade de efeitos adversos. A orientação dos pais ou responsáveis sobre a dieta cetogênica, e como ela funciona, proporciona maior aceitação e aderência a esta forma de tratamento da epilepsia.Epilepsy is a chronic condition that affects 0.5% to 1.0% of the population in developed countries. This prevalence may be higher in developing countries. A significant proportion of the patients, nearly one third of them will have their condition evolved into a stage of uncontrolled crises, in some cases, surgical procedure may be indicated. However, for several patients, surgery is not possible. In these cases, ketogenic diet is a therapeutic option, especially for children. It is supposed that nearly one third of the patients that use the ketogenic diet, experience seizure control or reduction in the number of seizures. The current study presents methods of preparing and using ketogenic diet. The diet must be individualized, considering the

  16. Análises visual e volumétrica por ressonância magnética das formações hipocampais em um grupo de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de epilepsia do lobo temporal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ROGACHESKI ÊNIO

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Visando comparar a sensibilidade da avaliação volumétrica com a análise visual na avaliação por ressonância magnética (RM das formações hipocampais de pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal refratária e candidatos à lobectomia temporal, estudamos 153 casos com diagnóstico clínico de epilepsia do lobo temporal, utilizando um equipamento de 0,5 Tesla, com técnica de inversion-recovery ponderada em T1, com cortes de 5 mm no plano coronal. Houve boa concordância entre a análise visual prospectiva e outra retrospectiva, realizada por dois observadores independentes (C=0,748 e 0,720. Houve também concordância entre a análise retrospectiva dos dois observadores (C=0,733. Houve ainda concordância genuína (C=0,788 entre os resultados das análises quantitativa e qualitativa realizadas prospectivamente. A análise quantitativa demonstrou uma tendência não-significativa a lateralizar mais casos de atrofia hipocampal presumida clinicamente. Nossos resultados confirmam a confiabilidade da análise visual qualitativa e indicam a utilidade da volumetria hipocampal como uma medida suplementar, objetiva e quantitativa, de esclerose hipocampal.

  17. Focal myositis: A review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Devic, P; Gallay, L; Streichenberger, N; Petiot, P

    2016-11-01

    Amongst the heterogeneous group of inflammatory myopathies, focal myositis stands as a rare and benign dysimmune disease. Although it can be associated with root and/or nerve lesions, traumatic muscle lesions and autoimmune diseases, its triggering factors remain poorly understood. Defined as an isolated inflammatory pseudotumour usually restricted to one skeletal muscle, clinical presentation of focal myositis is that of a rapidly growing solitary mass within a single muscle, usually in the lower limbs. Electromyography shows spontaneous activity associated with a myopathic pattern. MRI reveals a contrast enhanced enlarged muscle appearing hyper-intense on FAT-SAT T2 weighted images. Adjacent structures are spared and there are no calcifications. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are usually moderately augmented and biological markers of systemic inflammation are absent in most cases. Pathological histological features include marked variation in fibre size, inflammatory infiltrates mostly composed of T CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages, degenerating/regenerating fibres and interstitial fibrosis. Differential diagnoses are numerous and include myositis of other origin with focal onset. Steroid treatment should be reserved for patients who present with major pain, nerve lesions, associated autoimmune disease, or elevated C reactive protein or CK. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of focal musculoskeletal anomalies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ryu, Jung-Kyu; Cho, Jeong-Yeon; Choi, Jong-Sun

    2003-01-01

    Focal musculoskeletal anomalies vary, and can manifest as part of a syndrome or be accompanied by numerous other conditions such as genetic disorders, karyotype abnormalities, central nervous system anomalies and other skeletal anomalies, lsolated focal musculoskeletal anomaly does, however, also occur; its early prenatal diagnosis is important in deciding prenatal care, and also helps in counseling parents about the postnatal effects of numerous possible associated anomalies. We have encountered 50 cases involving focal musculoskeletal anomalies, including total limb dysplasia [radial ray abnormality (n=3), mesomelic dysplasia (n=1)]; anomalies of the hand [polydactyly (n=8), syndactyly (n=3), ectrodactyly (n=1), clinodactyly (n=6), clenched hand (n=5)]; anomalies of the foot [clubfoot (n=10), rockerbottom foot (n=5), sandal gap deformity (n=1), curly toe (n=2)]; amniotic band syndrome (n=3); and anomalies of the focal spine [block vertebra (n=1), hemivertebra (n=1)]. Among these 50 cases, five [polydactyly (n=1), syndactyly (n=2) and curly toe (n=2) were confirmed by postnatal physical evaluation, two (focal spine anomalies) were diagnosed after postnatal radiologic examination, and the remaining 43 were proven at autopsy. For each condition, we describe the prenatal sonographic findings, and include a brief review

  19. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of focal musculoskeletal anomalies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ryu, Jung-Kyu; Cho, Jeong-Yeon; Choi, Jong-Sun [Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2003-12-15

    Focal musculoskeletal anomalies vary, and can manifest as part of a syndrome or be accompanied by numerous other conditions such as genetic disorders, karyotype abnormalities, central nervous system anomalies and other skeletal anomalies, lsolated focal musculoskeletal anomaly does, however, also occur; its early prenatal diagnosis is important in deciding prenatal care, and also helps in counseling parents about the postnatal effects of numerous possible associated anomalies. We have encountered 50 cases involving focal musculoskeletal anomalies, including total limb dysplasia [radial ray abnormality (n=3), mesomelic dysplasia (n=1)]; anomalies of the hand [polydactyly (n=8), syndactyly (n=3), ectrodactyly (n=1), clinodactyly (n=6), clenched hand (n=5)]; anomalies of the foot [clubfoot (n=10), rockerbottom foot (n=5), sandal gap deformity (n=1), curly toe (n=2)]; amniotic band syndrome (n=3); and anomalies of the focal spine [block vertebra (n=1), hemivertebra (n=1)]. Among these 50 cases, five [polydactyly (n=1), syndactyly (n=2) and curly toe (n=2) were confirmed by postnatal physical evaluation, two (focal spine anomalies) were diagnosed after postnatal radiologic examination, and the remaining 43 were proven at autopsy. For each condition, we describe the prenatal sonographic findings, and include a brief review.

  20. Estatus Eléctrico durante el sueño lento y factores de Riesgo Neurológico: Diferentes manifestaciones de un mismo sindrome

    OpenAIRE

    Angélica María Uscátegui Daccarett; Johann Sebastian Ortiz de la Rosa

    2014-01-01

    Este estudio se realizó para conocer las características de un grupo de pacientes con estatus eléctrico en sueño lento evaluados en la Fundación Liga Central Contra la Epilepsia, entre los años 2003 a 2013. Se buscaron factores asociados al desarrollo del síndrome, así como la respuesta al tratamiento. De los pacientes detectados que cumplieron con los criterios según ILAE 2010, se tomaron datos sobre antecedentes, síntomas y respuesta terapéutica. En ese periodo de tiempo fueron diagnostica...

  1. Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica y de laboratorio del Síndrome de West.

    OpenAIRE

    Marcelino Lizano Rabelo; Noelio Rafael Poza Carmona; Yanisbel Imara Rolo Naranjo

    2009-01-01

    Se describe un grupo de características clínico-epidemiológicas y de laboratorio relacionadas con esta enfermedad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 39 pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo al egreso de Síndrome de West, pertenecientes al Hospital Pediátrico Docente Provincial “José Martí Pérez “ de Sancti Spíritus (enero 1999- diciembre 2008), se emplearon para el diagnóstico los criterios establecidos por la Liga Internacional Contra la Epilepsia (ILAE 2001), las variables del estudio fue...

  2. Linkage study of voltage-gated potassium channels in familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy Análise de ligação dos canais de potássio voltagem-dependente na epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial familiar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Vianna Maurer-Morelli

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs play a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability and have been implicated in some types of epilepsies. Recently, autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE was associated with antibodies against VGKC. In addition, patients with LE showed partial epilepsy and increased T2 signal abnormalities in limbic structures. We have reported familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA and other signs of mesial temporal sclerosis detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI. In order to investigate whether VGKC may be associated to HA present in FMTLE, we perform linkage study in these candidate genes. Seventy-three microsatellites markers were genotyped in different human autosomal chromosome. Two-point LOD scores did not show evidence for linkage with any of the microsatellite markers genotyped (Zmax ranging from 0.11to-9.53 at theta=0.00. In the present study, linkage data showed no evidence that VGKC are involved in the determination of HA in FMTLE.Canais de potássio voltagem-dependentes (CPVD desempenham importante papel na excitabilidade neuronal e estão associados a determinados tipos de epilepsia. Recentemente, um tipo de encefalite límbica autoimune (EL foi associado com anticorpos contra CPVD. Além disso, há relatos de pacientes com EL e epilepsia parcial, além de hipersinal em regiões límbicas detectadas em imagens de ressonância magnética (IRM. Nós temos descrito a epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial familial (ELTMF associada à atrofia hipocampal (AH e outros sinais de esclerose mesial temporal observadas em IRM. Para investigar se os CPVD podem estar associados com a AH identificada na ELTMF, empregamos o estudo de ligação genética nesses genes candidatos. Setenta e três marcadores microssatélites foram genotipados e o LOD score de dois pontos mostrou Zmax variando de 0.11 a -9.53 para teta=0.00. No presente estudo, os dados obtidos com a an

  3. Possíveis interfaces entre TDAH e epilepsia Possible interfaces between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Soares Loutfi

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar na literatura elementos para explicar uma possível associação entre o transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH e a epilepsia e orientar quanto ao manejo clínico dos pacientes que compartilham esses transtornos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se revisão da literatura dos últimos 10 anos nas bases de dados MedLine e Lilacs com a combinação dos descritores "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "ADHD" e "epilepsy". RESULTADOS: Sintomas de TDAH são frequentes em síndromes epilépticas idiopáticas. Vários fatores podem contribuir para a coexistência desses transtornos: 1 possibilidade de uma mesma propensão genética; 2 participação dos neurotransmissores noradrenalina e dopamina no TDAH e na modulação da excitabilidade neuronal; 3 anormalidades estruturais do cérebro evidenciadas em epilépticos portadores de TDAH; 4 influência dos efeitos crônicos das crises e das descargas epileptiformes interictais sob a atenção; 5 efeitos adversos das drogas antiepilépticas sob a cognição. CONCLUSÕES: As evidências atuais apontam que crises epilépticas e TDAH podem apresentar bases neurobiológicas comuns. Estudos que avaliam disfunções nas vias de sinalização das catecolaminas cerebrais e o papel das descargas epileptiformes interictais na geração dos sintomas são fundamentais na investigação desses mecanismos. Drogas psicoestimulantes são seguras e eficazes para o tratamento do TDAH na maioria dos portadores de epilepsia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate in the literature elements that explain the association between the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD and epilepsy and to provide clinical guidelines for the management of patients that share these disorders. METHODS:Review of literature of the last 10 years in MedLine and Lilacs databases. The keywords used were "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "ADHD" and "epilepsy. RESULTS: Symptoms of ADHD are more frequent in idiopathic

  4. Focal Atrichia: A Diagnostic Clue in Female Pattern Hair Loss.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olsen, Elise A; Whiting, David A

    2017-10-07

    Focal atrichia is a common clinical finding in female pattern hair loss whose specificity and histologic findings need further clarification. To determine the frequency of focal atrichia in various types of hair loss and its histologic characteristics in female pattern hair loss. Part 1: Review of 250 consecutive female patients seen with hair loss for the presence of focal atrichia and Part 2: paired biopsies of haired areas vs focal atrichia in 18 subjects with female pattern hair loss RESULTS: Focal atrichia was seen in 46/104 (44%) of women with female pattern hair loss, including 67% of late onset vs 15% of early onset, compared to 3/146 (2%) of those with other hair disorders Biopsy findings of focal atrichia in female pattern hair loss showed primarily a more progressive miniaturization process than that of haired areas of the scalp. Some women with female pattern hair loss may have had concomitant chronic telogen effluvium CONCLUSIONS: When present, focal atrichia is a clinical clue to the diagnosis of female pattern hair loss, particularly late onset subtype. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  5. Hiperplasia epitelial focal de la boca en Colombia (Enfermedad de Heck

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerzaín Rodríguez Toro

    1989-12-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de biopsias orales remitidas al INS por médicos y odontólogos en Servicio Social Obligatorio en la Amazonía y la Orinoquía y de especímenes de consulta enviados desde el Chocó, Boyacá y el Quindío, demuestra la amplia difusión de la hiperplasia epitelial focal en Colombia. La entidad tiene predominio notorio en las comunidades indígenas. Las lesiones son pápulas numerosas en las mucosas del labio inferior, los carrillos y los bordes de la lengua, que afectan a menores de 16 años y a algunos adultos.Tienden a evolucionar durante años y son asintomáticas. La histopatología revela hiperplasia epitelial global, anastomosis de las crestas, células mitosoides, vacuolización alta y frecuente binucleación de queratinocitos en la mitad superior del epitelio. Con la técnica de PAP y con M.E. se demuestra antígeno de Papilomavirus en las células malpighianas altas y en las células córneas paraqueratósicas. La HEP debe ser bien reconocida por médicos y odontólogos, principalmente por aquellos que prestan su servicio a comunidades indígenas.

  6. Testing of focal plane arrays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Merriam, J.D.

    1988-01-01

    Problems associated with the testing of focal plane arrays are briefly examined with reference to the instrumentation and measurement procedures. In particular, the approach and instrumentation used as the Naval Ocean Systems Center is presented. Most of the measurements are made with flooded illumination on the focal plane array. The array is treated as an ensemble of individual pixels, data being taken on each pixel and array averages and standard deviations computed for the entire array. Data maps are generated, showing the pixel data in the proper spatial position on the array and the array statistics

  7. Experiencia en el uso del video-electroencefalograma en el servicio de neurofisiología clínica Experience in using video-electroencephalogram for clinical neurophysiology service

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liane Aguilar Fabré

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de la introducción del video-electroencefalograma en la evaluación de los eventos paroxísticos neurológicos de naturaleza no precisada y/o en la epilepsia de difícil control en pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: se estudiaron 121 niños (edad 5,90 ± 4,34 años, divididos en 4 grupos atendiendo a la finalidad del estudio de video-electroencefalograma: I. Determinar la naturaleza (epiléptica o no del evento paroxístico; II. Confirmar el síndrome epiléptico; III. Cuantificar las crisis epilépticas y IV. Estudiar candidatos para cirugía de la epilepsia. Resultados: la eficacia diagnóstica fue de un 86,77 %, y provocó modificaciones en el diagnóstico y/o el tratamiento inicial en un 32,38 %. Las modificaciones en el diagnóstico en el grupo I fueron en 16/43 pacientes (2 epilepsias, 7 trastornos del movimiento, 4 trastornos del sueño y 3 crisis psicógenas. En el grupo II se clasificaron 47 síndromes epilépticos (11 epilepsias focales, 31 epilepsias generalizadas y 5 indeterminadas. Para el grupo III el número de crisis registradas fue 7,31 ± 4,21, y el tiempo de registro del video-electroencefalograma fue de 3,86 ± 1,10 horas. En el grupo IV se estudiaron 2 pacientes, y se confirmaron como candidatos para hemisferectomía funcional. Conclusiones: el monitoreo por video-electroencefalograma ratificó ser una herramienta de gran valor y utilidad en el diagnóstico de los eventos paroxísticos neurológicos en niños, lo que incide en establecer una adecuada conducta terapéutica y contribuye a disminuir ciertas limitaciones en la aplicación de los criterios de la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia.Objective: to show the results of the use of video electroencephalogram in the evaluation of undetermined neurological paroxysmal events and/or difficult epilepsy in pediatric patients. Methods: one hundred and 21 children (aged 5.90 ± 4.34 years, divided into 4 groups according to the objective of

  8. Focal Length Affects Depicted Shape and Perception of Facial Images.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vít Třebický

    Full Text Available Static photographs are currently the most often employed stimuli in research on social perception. The method of photograph acquisition might affect the depicted subject's facial appearance and thus also the impression of such stimuli. An important factor influencing the resulting photograph is focal length, as different focal lengths produce various levels of image distortion. Here we tested whether different focal lengths (50, 85, 105 mm affect depicted shape and perception of female and male faces. We collected three portrait photographs of 45 (22 females, 23 males participants under standardized conditions and camera setting varying only in the focal length. Subsequently, the three photographs from each individual were shown on screen in a randomized order using a 3-alternative forced-choice paradigm. The images were judged for attractiveness, dominance, and femininity/masculinity by 369 raters (193 females, 176 males. Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR was measured from each photograph and overall facial shape was analysed employing geometric morphometric methods (GMM. Our results showed that photographs taken with 50 mm focal length were rated as significantly less feminine/masculine, attractive, and dominant compared to the images taken with longer focal lengths. Further, shorter focal lengths produced faces with smaller fWHR. Subsequent GMM revealed focal length significantly affected overall facial shape of the photographed subjects. Thus methodology of photograph acquisition, focal length in this case, can significantly affect results of studies using photographic stimuli perhaps due to different levels of perspective distortion that influence shapes and proportions of morphological traits.

  9. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of focal musculoskeletal anomalies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ryu, Jung Kyu; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Lee, Young Ho; Kim, Ei Jeong; Chun, Yi Kyeong [Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2002-09-15

    Focal musculoskeletal anomalies are various and may be an isolated finding or may be found in conjunction with numerous associations, including genetic syndromes, Karyotype abnormals, central nervous system anomalies and other general musculoskeletal disorders. Early prenatal diagnosis of these focal musculoskeletal anomalies nor only affects prenatal care and postnatal outcome but also helps in approaching other numerous associated anomalies.

  10. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of focal musculoskeletal anomalies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ryu, Jung Kyu; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Lee, Young Ho; Kim, Ei Jeong; Chun, Yi Kyeong

    2002-01-01

    Focal musculoskeletal anomalies are various and may be an isolated finding or may be found in conjunction with numerous associations, including genetic syndromes, Karyotype abnormals, central nervous system anomalies and other general musculoskeletal disorders. Early prenatal diagnosis of these focal musculoskeletal anomalies nor only affects prenatal care and postnatal outcome but also helps in approaching other numerous associated anomalies.

  11. FOCAL CORTICAL DYSPLASIAS: CLINICAL AND ELECTRO-NEUROIMAGING CHARACTERISTICS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. Yu. Mukhin

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In spite of a notable advance made in epileptology, resistant epilepsies account for approximately 30 % of all forms of epilepsy particularly in patients with focal seizures. One of the main causes of therapy-resistant focal epilepsies is focal cortical dysplasias (FCD. This term was first introduced by D. Taylor et al. in 1971. FCD belongs to abnormal cortical development. Among all abnormalities of cortical development, FCD in surgically treated children amounts to 75 %. FCD is the most common cause of resistant epilepsy in children and the most frequent reason for diagnosing cryptogenic focal epilepsy with intractable seizures. The author gives a detailed literature review dedicated to FCD as a cause of resistant epilepsy, including the classification and histologic characteristics of FCD, its clinical manifestations and prognosis, and approaches to medical and surgical treatments. 

  12. Multispectral linear array (MLA) focal plane mechanical and thermal design

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mitchell, A. S.; Kaminski, E. F.

    1982-01-01

    The mechanical and thermal design of an integrated focal plane subsystem of a Multispectral Linear Array (MLA) instrument is discussed in terms of focal-plane alignment, thermoelastic performance, and thermal requirements. The modular construction and thermal control of the focal plane array are discussed.

  13. Inseguridad alimentaria en latinos de California: observaciones de grupos focales Food insecurity among Latinos in California: A focal groups study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudiar la percepción y la experiencia sobre inseguridad alimentaria entre latinoamericanos de California, así como su interpretación de los insumos incluidos en la Escala de Seguridad Alimentaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Entre noviembre y diciembre de 2000, en los condados californianos de Solano y San Joaquín, se efectuaron cuatro grupos focales, con 30 adultos de origen latinoamericano residentes allí. Los comentarios de los participantes fueron codificados por dos investigadores para determinar los temas principales, y fueron confrontados para verificar su convergencia. RESULTADOS: Las preguntas fueron bien comprendidas, no percibiéndose como ofensivas. El marco conceptual se confirmó como "proceso manejado" con diferentes niveles de severidad. Las causas de inseguridad alimentaria identificadas fueron: desempleo, alto costo de algunos alimentos y falta de información nutricional. La necesidad de educación nutricional fue una constante. CONCLUSIONES: Para interpretar datos nacionales de inseguridad alimentaria en latinoamericanos es esencial considerar su percepción particular de ese fenómeno.OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception and experience with food insecurity among Latinos living in California, as well as their interpretation of the items included in the Food Security Scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of four focus groups were carried out among 30 adults of Latin-American descent living in California. The participant's responses were coded by two researchers to identify the main issues, and to compare them for assessing their convergence. RESULTS: The items were well understood and were not perceived as offensive. The conceptual framework was confirmed as a "managed process" with different severity levels. The causes of food insecurity were: unemployment, high cost of some food items, and lack of nutritional information. The demand for nutritional education was constant. CONCLUSION: Interpreting data on food

  14. The semiology of febrile seizures: Focal features are frequent.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takasu, Michihiko; Kubota, Tetsuo; Tsuji, Takeshi; Kurahashi, Hirokazu; Numoto, Shingo; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Okumura, Akihisa

    2017-08-01

    To clarify the semiology of febrile seizures (FS) and to determine the frequency of FS with symptoms suggestive of focal onset. FS symptoms in children were reported within 24h of seizure onset by the parents using a structured questionnaire consisting principally of closed-ended questions. We focused on events at seizure commencement, including changes in behavior and facial expression, and ocular and oral symptoms. We also investigated the autonomic and motor symptoms developing during seizures. The presence or absence of focal and limbic features was determined for each patient. The associations of certain focal and limbic features with patient characteristics were assessed. Information was obtained on FS in 106 children. Various events were recorded at seizure commencement. Behavioral changes were observed in 35 children, changes in facial expression in 53, ocular symptoms in 78, and oral symptoms in 90. In terms of events during seizures, autonomic symptoms were recognized in 78, and convulsive motor symptoms were recognized in 68 children. Focal features were evident in 81 children; 38 children had two or more such features. Limbic features were observed in 44 children, 9 of whom had two or more such features. There was no significant relationship between any patient characteristic and the numbers of focal or limbic features. The semiology of FS varied widely among children, and symptoms suggestive of focal onset were frequent. FS of focal onset may be more common than is generally thought. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. The flexible engagement of monitoring processes in non-focal and focal prospective memory tasks with salient cues.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hefer, Carmen; Cohen, Anna-Lisa; Jaudas, Alexander; Dreisbach, Gesine

    2017-09-01

    Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to perform a delayed intention. Here, we aimed to investigate the ability to suspend such an intention and thus to confirm previous findings (Cohen, Gordon, Jaudas, Hefer, & Dreisbach, 2016) demonstrating the ability to flexibly engage in monitoring processes. In the current study, we presented a perceptually salient PM cue (bold and red) to rule out that previous findings were limited to non-salient and, thus, easy to ignore PM cues. Moreover, we used both a non-focal (Experiment 1) and a focal PM (Experiment 2) cue. In both Experiments, three groups of participants performed an Eriksen flanker task as an ongoing task with an embedded PM task (they had to remember to press the F1 key if a pre-specified cue appeared). Participants were assigned to either a control condition (performed solely the flanker task), a standard PM condition (performed the flanker task along with the PM task), or a PM delayed condition (performed the flanker task but were instructed to postpone their PM task intention). The results of Experiment 1 with the non-focal PM cue closely replicated those of Cohen et al. (2016) and confirmed that participants were able to successfully postpone the PM cue intention without additional costs even when the PM cue was a perceptually salient one. However, when the PM cue was focal (Experiment 2), it was much more difficult for participants to ignore it as evidenced by commission errors and slower latencies on PM cue trials. In sum, results showed that the focality of the PM cue plays a more crucial role in the flexibility of the monitoring process whereas the saliency of the PM cue does not. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. From the editors: Epilepsia's 2014 Operational Definition of Epilepsy survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mathern, Gary W; Beninsig, Laurie; Nehlig, Astrid

    2014-11-01

    From March 19 to June 30, 2014, Epilepsia conducted an open access online survey asking directed questions related to the 2014 Operational Definition of Epilepsy. This study reports the findings of that poll. The survey consisted of seven questions. Three questions addressed: (1) Criteria for when a person could be considered to have epilepsy after a single seizure; (2) if individuals with reflex seizures (unprovoked) have epilepsy; and (3) when epilepsy could be considered "resolved." Four added questions asked if responders were medical personal compared with patients and family members, geographic region of residence based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) regions, and if responders had read the paper and if they were ILAE/International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) members. Of 476 that started the survey, 324 (68%) completed it. As recommended in the ILAE report, 43% agreed that if the chance of a second seizure after a first one was 61-90%, then a person could be considered to have epilepsy. More medical professionals agreed with the 61-90% criteria (55%) compared with patients (21%), while more patients indicated that epilepsy should only be defined after two unprovoked seizures (51%) compared with medical professionals (21%; p < 0.0001). The majority indicated that reflex seizures qualify a person as having epilepsy (79%). As recommended in the ILAE report, 51% agreed that the definition of a person with "resolved" epilepsy would be 10 years seizure-free and off medication for the last 5 years. More medical professionals agreed with this definition (59%) compared with patients (37%), while more patients indicated that epilepsy is never resolved (32%) compared with medical professionals (7%; p < 0.0001). There were no differences based on geographic residence. This survey found that the ILAE recommendations had the highest responses. However, there was clear disagreement with identified differences comparing medical personal with patients

  17. Focal necrotizing pneumonia is a distinct entity from lung abscess.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seo, Hyewon; Cha, Seung-Ick; Shin, Kyung-Min; Lim, Jaekwang; Yoo, Seung-Soo; Lee, Jaehee; Lee, Shin-Yup; Kim, Chang-Ho; Park, Jae-Yong

    2013-10-01

    'Focal necrotizing pneumonia' was defined as a localized type of necrotizing pneumonia characterized by a single or few cavities of low density without rim enhancement on computed tomography (CT) scan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and course of patients with focal necrotizing pneumonia, thereby elucidating its clinical relevance. The present study was conducted retrospectively in patients who had been interpreted as having lung abscess or necrotizing pneumonia on CT scan. Clinical and radiological characteristics were compared between the focal necrotizing pneumonia and lung abscess groups. Overall, 68 patients with focal necrotizing pneumonia (n = 35) or lung abscess (n = 33) were included in the present study. The frequency of risk factors for aspiration was significantly lower in the focal necrotizing group, compared with the lung abscess group (14.3% vs 45.5%, P = 0.005). Compared with lung abscess, focal necrotizing pneumonia was observed more commonly in non-gravity-dependent segments (66% vs 36%, P lung abscess group (31% vs 12%, P = 0.08). However, in terms of treatment outcomes, a similar high rate of success was observed in both groups: 97%, respectively. Compared to lung abscess, focal necrotizing pneumonia occurs more commonly in non-gravity-dependent segments with lower incidence of risk factors for aspiration. Similar to lung abscess, the rate of success for treatment of focal necrotizing pneumonia was high. © 2013 The Authors. Respirology © 2013 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.

  18. Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency in Ibadan a Developing ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The cultural aversion to amputation in our environment makes it difficult to employ that option of treatment. Proximal focal femoral deficiency in Ibadan a developing country's perspective and a review of the literature. Keywords: Proximal focal femoral deficiency , congenital malformations , limb malformations , lower limb ...

  19. Implementation of focal zooming on the Nike KrF laser

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kehne, D. M.; Karasik, M.; Weaver, J. L.; Chan, Y.; Obenschain, S. P. [Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States); Aglitsky, Y. [Science Applications International, McLean, Virginia 22150 (United States); Smyth, Z.; Lehmberg, R. H. [Research Support Instruments, Inc., Lanham, Maryland 20706 (United States); Terrell, S. [Commonwealth Technologies, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia 22315 (United States)

    2013-01-15

    In direct drive inertial confinement laser fusion, a pellet containing D-T fuel is imploded by ablation arising from absorption of laser energy at its outer surface. For optimal coupling, the focal spot of the laser would continuously decrease to match the reduction in the pellet's diameter, thereby minimizing wasted energy. A krypton-fluoride laser ({lambda}= 248 nm) that incorporates beam smoothing by induced spatial incoherence has the ability to produce a high quality focal profile whose diameter varies with time, a property known as focal zooming. A two-stage focal zoom has been demonstrated on the Nike laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. In the experiment, a 4.4 ns laser pulse was created in which the on-target focal spot diameter was 1.3 mm (full width at half maximum) for the first 2.4 ns and 0.28 mm for the final 2 ns. These two diameters appear in time-integrated focal plane equivalent images taken at several locations in the amplification chain. Eight of the zoomed output beams were overlapped on a 60 {mu}m thick planar polystyrene target. Time resolved images of self-emission from the rear of the target show the separate shocks launched by the two corresponding laser focal diameters.

  20. Implementation of focal zooming on the Nike KrF laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kehne, D. M.; Karasik, M.; Weaver, J. L.; Chan, Y.; Obenschain, S. P.; Aglitsky, Y.; Smyth, Z.; Lehmberg, R. H.; Terrell, S.

    2013-01-01

    In direct drive inertial confinement laser fusion, a pellet containing D-T fuel is imploded by ablation arising from absorption of laser energy at its outer surface. For optimal coupling, the focal spot of the laser would continuously decrease to match the reduction in the pellet's diameter, thereby minimizing wasted energy. A krypton-fluoride laser (λ= 248 nm) that incorporates beam smoothing by induced spatial incoherence has the ability to produce a high quality focal profile whose diameter varies with time, a property known as focal zooming. A two-stage focal zoom has been demonstrated on the Nike laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. In the experiment, a 4.4 ns laser pulse was created in which the on-target focal spot diameter was 1.3 mm (full width at half maximum) for the first 2.4 ns and 0.28 mm for the final 2 ns. These two diameters appear in time-integrated focal plane equivalent images taken at several locations in the amplification chain. Eight of the zoomed output beams were overlapped on a 60 μm thick planar polystyrene target. Time resolved images of self-emission from the rear of the target show the separate shocks launched by the two corresponding laser focal diameters.

  1. Implementation of focal zooming on the Nike KrF laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kehne, D. M.; Karasik, M.; Aglitsky, Y.; Smyth, Z.; Terrell, S.; Weaver, J. L.; Chan, Y.; Lehmberg, R. H.; Obenschain, S. P.

    2013-01-01

    In direct drive inertial confinement laser fusion, a pellet containing D-T fuel is imploded by ablation arising from absorption of laser energy at its outer surface. For optimal coupling, the focal spot of the laser would continuously decrease to match the reduction in the pellet's diameter, thereby minimizing wasted energy. A krypton-fluoride laser (λ = 248 nm) that incorporates beam smoothing by induced spatial incoherence has the ability to produce a high quality focal profile whose diameter varies with time, a property known as focal zooming. A two-stage focal zoom has been demonstrated on the Nike laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. In the experiment, a 4.4 ns laser pulse was created in which the on-target focal spot diameter was 1.3 mm (full width at half maximum) for the first 2.4 ns and 0.28 mm for the final 2 ns. These two diameters appear in time-integrated focal plane equivalent images taken at several locations in the amplification chain. Eight of the zoomed output beams were overlapped on a 60 μm thick planar polystyrene target. Time resolved images of self-emission from the rear of the target show the separate shocks launched by the two corresponding laser focal diameters.

  2. Modelos parentales y su relación con la violencia en las parejas del mismo sexo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa Carolina Ronzón Tirado

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo forma parte de una investigación más amplia cuyo objetivo fue describir los elementos relacionados con la violencia en parejas gays y lésbicas. Abordamos los resultados sobre la relación de los modelos parentales con la violencia ejercida al interior de estas y otras relaciones interpersonales. Seguimos un método descriptivo cualitativo y utilizamos grupos focales para recopilar la información, en donde participaron ocho hombres gays, seis mujeres lesbianas y una mujer bisexual, reclutados por disponibilidad. Encontramos que presenciar violencia entre los padres o ser expuestos a experiencias tempranas de maltrato destacan como principios favorecedores de futuras dinámicas violentas de pareja; y que el rechazo parental tras “salir del closet”, junto con la dificultad para distinguir la violencia fuera del contexto heterosexual familiar, son obstáculos para detectar y afrontar la violencia.

  3. Actualización clínica de las manifestaciones perictales e interictales epilépticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Anselmo Ramos Valverde

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available El término epilepsia proviene de la palabra griega ¨epilambaneim¨, la cual significa sorpresa, ataque, apoderarse de o caerse sobre sí mismo. La epilepsia ha suscitado siempre entre la población una idea y sensación de temor, maldición, curiosidad y hasta venganza. (1 En la actualidad se admite que la epilepsia es una enfermedad neuropsiquiátrica, pero que en solo un pequeño porcentaje de casos coexisten trastornos psicopatológicos que necesitan de la atención del psiquiatra. (1 Según el diccionario de epilepsia de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, dicha enfermedad se define como una afección crónica producida por diferentes etiologías, caracterizada por la repetición de las crisis, debida a una descarga excesiva de las neuronas cerebrales. (2 La infrecuencia clínica de esta entidad puede haber influido en la baja presencia en la literatura científica actualizada de artículos que aborden los estados perictales e interictales epilépticos; pocos son los trabajos de los neurólogos al respecto y en la práctica clínica el tratamiento resulta casi exclusivo del psiquiatra. Por ello se hace necesario llamar la atención sobre la necesidad de trabajar el tema, incluso desde aspectos básicos, éste ha sido el motivo de la presente correspondencia. Los estados perictales epilépticos (preictal, ictal y postictal, son importantes desde el punto de vista clínico porque constituyen la fuente de comprensión de los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento asociados a la epilepsia, de importancia para la psiquiatría forense, al corresponderse con estados de inimputabilidad médico legal por el grado máximo de enajenación mental existente que se deriva del nivel crepuscular de conciencia. A continuación se describen. (3 - Estado preictal: predomina la confusión matizando el cuadro pudiendo alcanzar el estado de conducta confusa compleja, se queja de inactividad o lentificación mental, puede ser fluctuante y sin signos neurol

  4. DESI focal plate mechanical integration and cooling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lambert, A. R.; Besuner, R. W.; Claybaugh, T. M.; Silber, J. H.

    2016-08-01

    The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction to measure the expansion history of the Universe using the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation technique[1]. The spectra of 40 million galaxies over 14000 sq. deg will be measured during the life of the experiment. A new prime focus corrector for the KPNO Mayall telescope will deliver light to 5000 fiber optic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broad-band spectrographs. This paper describes the mechanical integration of the DESI focal plate and the thermal system design. The DESI focal plate is comprised of ten identical petal assemblies. Each petal contains 500 robotic fiber positioners. Each petal is a complete, self-contained unit, independent from the others, with integrated power supply, controllers, fiber routing, and cooling services. The major advantages of this scheme are: (1) supports installation and removal of complete petal assemblies in-situ, without disturbing the others, (2) component production, assembly stations, and test procedures are repeated and parallelizable, (3) a complete, full-scale prototype can be built and tested at an early date, (4) each production petal can be surveyed and tested as a complete unit, prior to integration, from the fiber tip at the focal surface to the fiber slit at the spectrograph. The ten petal assemblies will be installed in a single integration ring, which is mounted to the DESI corrector. The aluminum integration ring attaches to the steel corrector barrel via a flexured steel adapter, isolating the focal plate from differential thermal expansions. The plate scale will be kept stable by conductive cooling of the petal assembly. The guider and wavefront sensors (one per petal) will be convectively cooled by forced flow of air. Heat will be removed from the system at ten liquid-cooled cold plates, one per petal, operating at ambient temperature. The entire focal plate structure is enclosed in an insulating shroud, which serves as a thermal barrier

  5. Focal fatty infiltra- tion and focal fatty sparing of the liver

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Enrique

    Department of Radiology. Nelson Mandela School of Health Sciences. Durban. Fig. 1a. Unenhanced CT of the liver in case 1 demonstrates multiple focal low density regions in both lobes of the liver. Region of interest 1 over the fatty left lobe measured 10 HU while region of interest 2 over the right lobe measure 40 HU in.

  6. Thermomechanical architecture of the VIS focal plane for Euclid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martignac, Jerome; Carty, Michael; Tourette, Thierry; Bachet, Damien; Berthe, Michel; Augueres, Jean-Louis; Amiaux, Jerome; Fontignie, Jean; Horeau, Benoit; Renaud, Diana

    2014-01-01

    One of the main challenges for current and near future space experiments is the increase of focal plane complexity in terms of amount of pixels. In the frame work of the ESA Euclid mission to be launched in 2020, the Euclid Consortium is developing an extremely large and stable focal plane for the VIS instrument. CEA has developed the thermomechanical architecture of that Focal Plane taking into account all the very stringent performance and mission related requirements. The VIS Focal Plane Assembly integrates 36 CCDs (operated at 150 K) connected to their front end electronics (operated at 280 K) as to obtain one of the largest focal plane (0.6 billion pixels) ever built for space application after the GAIA one. The CCDs are CCD273 type specially designed and provided by the e2v company under ESA contract, front end electronics is studied and provided by MSSL. In this paper we first recall the specific requirements that have driven the overall architecture of the VIS-FPA and especially the solutions proposed to cope with the scientific needs of an extremely stable focal plane, both mechanically and thermally. The mechanical structure based on SiC material used for the cold sub assembly supporting the CCDs is detailed. We describe also the modular architecture concept that we have selected taking into account AIT-AIV and programmatic constraints. (authors)

  7. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia: review and a case report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salem, Y M Y; Osman, Y I; Norval, E J G

    2010-10-01

    Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous condition that can be seen in dentate and edentulous patients. It is an asymptomatic lesion and needs no treatment; however follow-up is essential due to the possibility that focal cemento-osseous dysplasia can progress to a condition called florid osseous dysplasia that involves multiple sites. A case report is presented here, along with a review of the differential diagnoses considered in order to reach a final diagnosis of focal cemento-osseous dysplasia.

  8. Malformaciones congénitas en hijos de madres epilépticas con y sin tratamiento con anticonvulsivantes Congenital malformations in the offspring of epileptic mothers with and without anticonvulsant treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jazmín Arteaga-Vázquez

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia y tipo de malformaciones congénitas (MC en hijos de madres epilépticas (HME tratadas y no tratadas con anticonvulsivantes, la posible correlación anticonvulsivante/MC y la asociación con otras alteraciones del desarrollo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio multicéntrico de casos y controles en 166 recién nacidos vivos HME identificados en 21 501 recién nacidos con MC y respectivos controles del Registro y Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Malformaciones Congénitas (RYVEMCE. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de MC en HME tratadas fue mayor, (48.3% que en HME no tratadas (28.3%; (RM= 2.37 IC95% 1.08-5.40, p=0.03. Las MC más frecuentes fueron espina bífida, anomalías en reducción de miembros, labio/paladar hendido, microcefalia, anotia/microtia, hipospadias, paladar hendido, polidactilia, anoftalmia/microftalmia y onfalocele. No hubo diferencias entre uso de mono o politerapia. La difenilhidantoína, carbamazepina y ácido valproico fueron los anticonvulsivantes más utilizados. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados confirman la teratogenicidad propia de la epilepsia y el efecto sinérgico de ciertos anticonvulsivantes, lo que evidencia la necesidad de un apropiado control periconcepcional de esta enfermedad y su tratamiento.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence at birth and type of congenital malformations (CM in newborns of epileptic mothers (NEM treated and not treated with anticonvulsants, the correlation anticonvulsant/CM and other developmental disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicenter case-control study, in 166 live births NEM diagnosed in 21 501 newborns with CM and respective controls from the Registro y Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Malformaciones Congénitas (RYVEMCE. RESULTS: The frequency of CM in NEM treated with anticonvulsants was higher (48.3% than in NEM of untreated mothers (28.3%, (OR= 2.37 IC95% 1.08-5.40, p=0.03. CMs most frequently found were: spina bifida, limb reduction defects, cleft lip palate

  9. Fast multifrequency focal beam analysis for 3D seismic acquisition geometry

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wei, W.; Fu, L.; Blacquiere, G.

    2012-01-01

    A method for the efficient computation of multifrequency focal beams for 3D seismic acquisition geometry analysis has been developed. By computing them for all the frequency components of seismic data, single-frequency focal beams can be extended to multifrequency focal beams. However, this

  10. Angle dependent focal spot size of a conical X-ray target

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saeed Raza, Hamid; Jin Kim, Hyun; Nam Kim, Hyun; Oh Cho, Sung

    2015-01-01

    Misaligned phantoms may severely affect the focal spot calculations. A method is proposed to determine the geometry of the X-ray target and the position of the image radiograph around the X-ray target to get a relatively smaller focal spot size. Results reveal that the focal spot size is not always isotropic around the target but it decreases as the point of observation shifts radially away from the center line of the conical X-ray target. This research will help in producing high quality X-ray images in multi-directions by properly aligning the phantoms and the radiograph tallies. - Highlights: • Misaligned phantoms may severely affect the focal spot calculations. • The aim of this research is to analyze systematically the angle dependent behavior of the focal spot size around a conical shaped X-ray target. • A general purpose Monte Carlo (MCNP5) computer code is used to achieve a relatively small focal spot size. • Angular distribution of the X-ray focal spot size mainly depends on the angular orientation of the phantom and its aligned FIR tally. • This research will help in producing high quality X-ray images in multi-directions

  11. Position sensitive proportional counters as focal plane detectors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ford, J.L.C. Jr.

    1979-01-01

    The rise time and charge division techniques for position decoding with RC-line proportional counters are reviewed. The advantages that these detectors offer as focal plane counters for nuclear spectroscopy performed with magnetic spectrographs are discussed. The theory of operation of proportional counters as position sensing devices is summarized, as well as practical aspects affecting their application. Factors limiting the position and energy resolutions obtainable with a focal plane proportional counter are evaluated and measured position and energy loss values are presented for comparison. Detector systems capable of the multiparameter measurements required for particle identification, background suppression and ray-tracing are described in order to illustrate the wide applicability of proportional counters within complex focal plane systems. Examples of the use of these counters other than with magnetic spectrographs are given in order to demonstrate their usefulness in not only nuclear physics but also in fields such as solid state physics, biology, and medicine. The influence of the new focal plane detector systems on future magnetic spectrograph designs is discussed. (Auth.)

  12. Benign focal liver lesions: discrimination from malignant mimickers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alobaidi, Mohammad; Shirkhoda, Ali

    2004-01-01

    Focal lesions of the liver often have various imaging characteristics which may be interpreted as either benign or malignant. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of these liver lesions may lead to characteristic imaging manifestations, which direct the radiologist to the diagnosis. Benign lesions include congenital hepatic cyst, autosomal dominant polycystic disease, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatic adenoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, peliosis hepatis, focal fatty infiltration, hamartoma, and infectious processes such as hepatic abscess, echinococcal cyst, and candidiasis. Characteristic imaging features, clinical symptoms, and treatment/prognosis will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on key reliable features of each disease to develop a method of discriminating these lesions from other benign and malignant disorders.

  13. Actinic Granuloma with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruedee Phasukthaworn

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Actinic granuloma is an uncommon granulomatous disease, characterized by annular erythematous plaque with central clearing predominately located on sun-damaged skin. The pathogenesis is not well understood, ultraviolet radiation is recognized as precipitating factor. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with asymptomatic annular erythematous plaques on the forehead and both cheeks persisting for 2 years. The clinical presentation and histopathologic findings support the diagnosis of actinic granuloma. During that period of time, she also developed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The association between actinic granuloma and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis needs to be clarified by further studies.

  14. Adaptación en pacientes con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, según Modelo de Roy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Lazcano-Ortiz

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la influencia entre estímulos focales y contextuales, y la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial en personas con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2. Material y método. El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal, predictivo. El muestreo fue probabilístico, sistemático. La muestra con 200 participantes de ambos géneros de 30 a 65 años, se determinó para un 95% de confianza, con una potencia de prueba de 90%. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo desde diagnóstico explicó la adaptación fisiológica F (1,198 = 9,18, p = ,003. Se observó efecto entre complicaciones y adaptación psicosocial F (4,195 = 4,97, p = ,001, con un coeficiente de determinación del 74%. Los estímulos contextuales influyeron en la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial, F (6,193 = 2,89, p = ,010, y F (6, 193 = 2,41, p = ,029. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio permiten sugerir relaciones entre las proposiciones teóricas propuestas y derivadas del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy, particularmente entre los estímulos y la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial en pacientes con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2.

  15. Natural-focal diseases: mapping experience in Russia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malkhazova, Svetlana M; Mironova, Varvara A; Kotova, Tatiana V; Shartova, Natalia V; Orlov, Dmitry S

    2014-06-14

    Natural-focal diseases constitute a serious hazard for human health. Agents and vectors of such diseases belong to natural landscapes. The aim of this study is to identify the diversity and geography of natural-focal diseases in Russia and to develop cartographic approaches for their mapping, including mathematical-cartographical modeling. Russian medico-geographical mapping of natural-focal diseases is highly developed regionally and locally but extremely limited at the national level. To solve this problem, a scientific team of the Faculty of Geography at Lomonosov Moscow State University has developed and implemented a project of a medico-geographical Atlas of Russia "Natural-Focal Diseases". The mapping is based on medical statistics data. The Atlas contains a series of maps on disease incidence, long-term dynamics of disease morbidity, etc. In addition, other materials available to the authors were used: mapping of the natural environment, field data, archival materials, analyzed satellite images, etc. The maps are processed using ArcGIS (ESRI) software application. Different methods of rendering of mapped phenomena are used (geographical ranges, diagrams, choropleth maps etc.). A series of analytical, integrated, and synthetic maps shows disease incidence in the population at both the national and regional levels for the last 15 years. Maps of the mean annual morbidity of certain infections and maps of morbidity dynamics and nosological profiles allow for a detailed analysis of the situation for each of 83 administrative units of the Russian Federation. The degree of epidemic hazard in Russia by natural-focal diseases is reflected in a synthetic medico-geographical map that shows the degree of epidemic risks due to such diseases in Russia and allows one to estimate the risk of disease manifestation in a given region. This is the first attempt at aggregation and public presentation of diverse and multifaceted information about natural-focal diseases in Russia

  16. Focal lesions in the central nervous system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fabrikant, J.I.; Budinger, T.F.; Tobias, C.A.; Born, J.L.

    1980-01-01

    This report reviews the animal and human studies currently in progress at LBL with heavy-ion beams to induce focal lesions in the central nervous system, and discusses the potential future prospects of fundamental and applied brain research with heavy-ion beams. Methods are being developed for producing discrete focal lesions in the central nervous system using the Bragg ionization peak to investigate nerve pathways and neuroendocrine responses, and for treating pathological disorders of the brain

  17. Focal plane detector for QDD spectrography in Institute of Nuclear Study and detector for SMART 2nd focal plane in RIKEN

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fuchi, Yoshihide [Tokyo Univ., Tanashi (Japan). Inst. for Nuclear Study

    1996-09-01

    The focal plane detector for QDD spectrography in Institute of Nuclear Study was composed of drift space and a proportional counter tube, and the latter is composed of position detector and two delta E detector for recognizing the particles. In this detector, a uniform parallel electric field can be obtained by placing a guard plate at the same height as that of a drift plate outer place of the detector. On the other hand, the detector for SMART 2nd focal plate in RIKEN is composed of drift space and a single wire proportional counter, and has two cathode read out single wire drift counters set so as to hold the focal plane. (G.K.)

  18. Crisis no epilépticas en la infancia y adolescencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio A. Antoniuk

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available La epilepsia afecta al 0.5% de la población y el 25% de los pacientes derivados a los servicios de epilepsia presentan eventos clínicos paroxísticos asociados con actividades motoras, alteraciones sensitivas, sensoriales, emocionales o afectación de la conciencia, que no son crisis epilépticas. Las crisis no epilépticas pueden ser clasificadas como psicogénicas, aquellas que no tienen causa médica y se asocian a problemas psicológicos primarios o secundarios, y aquellas de origen fisiológico. Estos eventos no epilépticos se manifiestan por comportamientos paroxísticos o movimientos repetitivos y que se confunden con crisis epilépticas. El diagnóstico es muy importante para evitar pruebas innecesarias y terapias iatrogénicas. En este estudio serán presentados once casos clínicos y la revisión de los principales eventos no epilépticos fisiológicos (disturbio del sueño, trastornos motores paroxísticos, fenómenos hipóxico isquémicos y psicogénicos (trastornos somatoformes, trastornos facticios y trastorno de ansiedad que se manifiestan en niños y adolescentes.

  19. A targeted resequencing gene panel for focal epilepsy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hildebrand, Michael S; Myers, Candace T; Carvill, Gemma L; Regan, Brigid M; Damiano, John A; Mullen, Saul A; Newton, Mark R; Nair, Umesh; Gazina, Elena V; Milligan, Carol J; Reid, Christopher A; Petrou, Steven; Scheffer, Ingrid E; Berkovic, Samuel F; Mefford, Heather C

    2016-04-26

    We report development of a targeted resequencing gene panel for focal epilepsy, the most prevalent phenotypic group of the epilepsies. The targeted resequencing gene panel was designed using molecular inversion probe (MIP) capture technology and sequenced using massively parallel Illumina sequencing. We demonstrated proof of principle that mutations can be detected in 4 previously genotyped focal epilepsy cases. We searched for both germline and somatic mutations in 251 patients with unsolved sporadic or familial focal epilepsy and identified 11 novel or very rare missense variants in 5 different genes: CHRNA4, GRIN2B, KCNT1, PCDH19, and SCN1A. Of these, 2 were predicted to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic, explaining ∼0.8% of the cohort, and 8 were of uncertain significance based on available data. We have developed and validated a targeted resequencing panel for focal epilepsies, the most important clinical class of epilepsies, accounting for about 60% of all cases. Our application of MIP technology is an innovative approach that will be advantageous in the clinical setting because it is highly sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective for screening large patient cohorts. Our findings indicate that mutations in known genes likely explain only a small proportion of focal epilepsy cases. This is not surprising given the established clinical and genetic heterogeneity of these disorders and underscores the importance of further gene discovery studies in this complex syndrome. © 2016 American Academy of Neurology.

  20. Magnetic electroanatomical mapping for ablation of focal atrial tachycardias.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marchlinski, F; Callans, D; Gottlieb, C; Rodriguez, E; Coyne, R; Kleinman, D

    1998-08-01

    Uniform success for ablation of focal atrial tachycardias has been difficult to achieve using standard catheter mapping and ablation techniques. In addition, our understanding of the complex relationship between atrial anatomy, electrophysiology, and surface ECG P wave morphology remains primitive. The magnetic electroanatomical mapping and display system (CARTO) offers an on-line display of electrical activation and/or signal amplitude related to the anatomical location of the recorded sites in the mapped chamber. A window of electrical interest is established based on signals timed from an electrical reference that usually represents a fixed electrogram recording from the coronary sinus or the atrial appendage. This window of electrical interest is established to include atrial activation prior to the onset of the P wave activity associated with the site of origin of a focal atrial tachycardia. Anatomical and electrical landmarks are defined with limited fluoroscopic imaging support and more detailed global chamber and more focal atrial mapping can be performed with minimal fluoroscopic guidance. A three-dimensional color map representing atrial activation or voltage amplitude at the magnetically defined anatomical sites is displayed with on-line data acquisition. This display can be manipulated to facilitate viewing from any angle. Altering the zoom control, triangle fill threshold, clipping plane, or color range can all enhance the display of a more focal area of interest. We documented the feasibility of using this single mapping catheter technique for localizing and ablating focal atrial tachycardias. In a consecutive series of 8 patients with 9 focal atrial tachycardias, the use of the single catheter CARTO mapping system was associated with ablation success in all but one patient who had a left atrial tachycardia localized to the medial aspect of the orifice of the left atrial appendage. Only low power energy delivery was used in this patient because of the

  1. Protein kinase C, focal adhesions and the regulation of cell migration

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fogh, Betina S; Multhaupt, Hinke A B; Couchman, John Robert

    2014-01-01

    in their intracellular compartment. Among these are tyrosine kinases, which have received a great deal of attention, whereas the serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C has received much less. Here the status of protein kinase C in focal adhesions and cell migration is reviewed, together with discussion of its roles...... and adhesion turnover. Focal adhesions, or focal contacts, are widespread organelles at the cell-matrix interface. They arise as a result of receptor interactions with matrix ligands, together with clustering. Recent analysis shows that focal adhesions contain a very large number of protein components...

  2. Management of Localized Prostate Cancer by Focal Transurethral Resection of Prostate Cancer: An Application of Radical TUR-PCa to Focal Therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morita, Masaru; Matsuura, Takeshi

    2012-01-01

    Background. We analyzed radical TUR-PCa against localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods. Seventy-nine out of 209 patients with prostate cancer in one lobe were studied. Patients' age ranged from 58 to 91 years and preoperative PSA, 0.70 to 17.30 ng/mL. In other 16 additional patients we performed focal TUR-PCa. Patients' age ranged from 51 to 87 years and preoperative PSA, 1.51 to 25.74 ng/mL. Results. PSA failure in radical TUR-PCa was 5.1% during the mean follow-up period of 58.9 months. The actuarial biochemical non-recurrence rate was 98.2% for pT2a and 90.5% for pT2b. Bladder neck contracture occurred in 28 patients (35.4%). In 209 patients, pathological study revealed prostate cancer of the peripheral zone near the neurovascular bundle bilaterally in 25%, unilaterally in 39% and no cancer bilaterally in 35%, suggesting the possibility of focal TUR-PCa. Postoperative PSA of 16 patients treated by focal TUR-PCa was stable between 0.007 and 0.406 ng/mL at 24.2 months' follow-up. No patients suffered from urinary incontinence. Bladder neck contracture developed in only 1 patient and all 5 patients underwent nerve-preserving TUR-PCa did not show erectile dysfunction. Conclusion. Focal TUR-PCa was considered to be a promising option among focal therapies against localized prostate cancer.

  3. Management of Localized Prostate Cancer by Focal Transurethral Resection of Prostate Cancer: An Application of Radical TUR-PCa to Focal Therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Masaru Morita

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. We analyzed radical TUR-PCa against localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods. Seventy-nine out of 209 patients with prostate cancer in one lobe were studied. Patients’ age ranged from 58 to 91 years and preoperative PSA, 0.70 to 17.30 ng/mL. In other 16 additional patients we performed focal TUR-PCa. Patients’ age ranged from 51 to 87 years and preoperative PSA, 1.51 to 25.74 ng/mL. Results. PSA failure in radical TUR-PCa was 5.1% during the mean follow-up period of 58.9 months. The actuarial biochemical non-recurrence rate was 98.2% for pT2a and 90.5% for pT2b. Bladder neck contracture occurred in 28 patients (35.4%. In 209 patients, pathological study revealed prostate cancer of the peripheral zone near the neurovascular bundle bilaterally in 25%, unilaterally in 39% and no cancer bilaterally in 35%, suggesting the possibility of focal TUR-PCa. Postoperative PSA of 16 patients treated by focal TUR-PCa was stable between 0.007 and 0.406 ng/mL at 24.2 months’ follow-up. No patients suffered from urinary incontinence. Bladder neck contracture developed in only 1 patient and all 5 patients underwent nerve-preserving TUR-PCa did not show erectile dysfunction. Conclusion. Focal TUR-PCa was considered to be a promising option among focal therapies against localized prostate cancer.

  4. Focal cortical dysplasia – review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kabat, Joanna; Król, Przemysław

    2012-01-01

    Focal cortical dysplasia is a malformation of cortical development, which is the most common cause of medically refractory epilepsy in the pediatric population and the second/third most common etiology of medically intractable seizures in adults. Both genetic and acquired factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cortical dysplasia. Numerous classifications of the complex structural abnormalities of focal cortical dysplasia have been proposed – from Taylor et al. in 1971 to the last modification of Palmini classification made by Blumcke in 2011. In general, three types of cortical dysplasia are recognized. Type I focal cortical dysplasia with mild symptomatic expression and late onset, is more often seen in adults, with changes present in the temporal lobe. Clinical symptoms are more severe in type II of cortical dysplasia usually seen in children. In this type, more extensive changes occur outside the temporal lobe with predilection for the frontal lobes. New type III is one of the above dysplasias with associated another principal lesion as hippocampal sclerosis, tumor, vascular malformation or acquired pathology during early life. Brain MRI imaging shows abnormalities in the majority of type II dysplasias and in only some of type I cortical dysplasias. The most common findings on MRI imaging include: focal cortical thickening or thinning, areas of focal brain atrophy, blurring of the gray-white junction, increased signal on T2- and FLAIR-weighted images in the gray and subcortical white matter often tapering toward the ventricle. On the basis of the MRI findings, it is possible to differentiate between type I and type II cortical dysplasia. A complete resection of the epileptogenic zone is required for seizure-free life. MRI imaging is very helpful to identify those patients who are likely to benefit from surgical treatment in a group of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, in type I cortical dysplasia, MR imaging is often normal, and also in both

  5. Factores asociados con el tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de nivel socioeconómico medio y bajo en Bogotá, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Garcés Palacio, Isabel Cristina; Rubio León, Diana Carolina; Scarinci, Isabel C.

    2012-01-01

    Objetivo: en Colombia el cáncer de cuello uterino (CaCu) es el segundo más común en las mujeres con una incidencia estandarizada de 21,5/100.000. En este estudio se examinaron el conocimiento y los factores percibidos asociados con el tamizaje de CaCu en mujeres de nivel socioeconómico bajo/ medio en Bogotá, Colombia. Metodología: 10 grupos focales segmentados por grupos de edad (18-33, 34-49 y 50-66). Dos investigadores realizaron análisis de contenido, identificando ...

  6. Managing focal fields of vector beams with multiple polarization singularities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, Lei; Liu, Sheng; Li, Peng; Zhang, Yi; Cheng, Huachao; Gan, Xuetao; Zhao, Jianlin

    2016-11-10

    We explore the tight focusing behavior of vector beams with multiple polarization singularities, and analyze the influences of the number, position, and topological charge of the singularities on the focal fields. It is found that the ellipticity of the local polarization states at the focal plane could be determined by the spatial distribution of the polarization singularities of the vector beam. When the spatial location and topological charge of singularities have even-fold rotation symmetry, the transverse fields at the focal plane are locally linearly polarized. Otherwise, the polarization state becomes a locally hybrid one. By appropriately arranging the distribution of the polarization singularities in the vector beam, the polarization distributions of the focal fields could be altered while the intensity maintains unchanged.

  7. Epilepsia en el niño: Edad de inicio, tiempo de evolución y situación escolar. Su relación con el rendimiento intelectual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clemente Trujillo Matienzo

    1997-04-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron 310 escolares epilépticos atendidos en el Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía con edades entre 5 y 14 años. Se les estudió rendimiento intelectual (test de inteligencia de Terman Merrill clasificado según la escala y se relacionó mediante el test de diferencias de medias con la edad de inicio de la enfermedad, el tiempo de evolución y la situación académica de cada niño. Se encontró que el grupo con retraso escolar difiere del que no lo tiene en cuanto a promedio alto (p 310 epileptic school children between 5 and 14 years old who were attended at the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery entered this study. Their academic results were studied (Terman and Merrill's intelligence test and classified according to the scale and they were related to the age of onset of the disease, the time of evolution, and the academic situation of each child by using the test of differences of averages. It was found that the group with school retardation differs from the other one in the following aspects: high average (p < 0,01, low average, mild and moderate deficient (p < 0,0001, and severe deficient (p < 0,001. It is concluded that among epileptic school children there are differences as regards the academic performance between those who do not have school retardation and those who have it, and between those with 5 or less years of evolution of the disease and those ones with more.

  8. Focal vitiligo: long-term follow-up of 52 cases

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lommerts, J. E.; Schilder, Y.; de Rie, M. A.; Wolkerstorfer, A.; Bekkenk, M. W.

    2016-01-01

    Focal vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches located in a small area without a typical segmental distribution. Focal vitiligo is classified as an undetermined type of vitiligo, and a more definitive diagnosis can be made when the lesions have not evolved into non-segmental or segmental

  9. NeuroSeek dual-color image processing infrared focal plane array

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCarley, Paul L.; Massie, Mark A.; Baxter, Christopher R.; Huynh, Buu L.

    1998-09-01

    Several technologies have been developed in recent years to advance the state of the art of IR sensor systems including dual color affordable focal planes, on-focal plane array biologically inspired image and signal processing techniques and spectral sensing techniques. Pacific Advanced Technology (PAT) and the Air Force Research Lab Munitions Directorate have developed a system which incorporates the best of these capabilities into a single device. The 'NeuroSeek' device integrates these technologies into an IR focal plane array (FPA) which combines multicolor Midwave IR/Longwave IR radiometric response with on-focal plane 'smart' neuromorphic analog image processing. The readout and processing integrated circuit very large scale integration chip which was developed under this effort will be hybridized to a dual color detector array to produce the NeuroSeek FPA, which will have the capability to fuse multiple pixel-based sensor inputs directly on the focal plane. Great advantages are afforded by application of massively parallel processing algorithms to image data in the analog domain; the high speed and low power consumption of this device mimic operations performed in the human retina.

  10. Context cue focality influences strategic prospective memory monitoring.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hunter Ball, B; Bugg, Julie M

    2018-02-12

    Monitoring the environment for the occurrence of prospective memory (PM) targets is a resource-demanding process that produces cost (e.g., slower responding) to ongoing activities. However, research suggests that individuals are able to monitor strategically by using contextual cues to reduce monitoring in contexts in which PM targets are not expected to occur. In the current study, we investigated the processes supporting context identification (i.e., determining whether or not the context is appropriate for monitoring) by testing the context cue focality hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that the ability to monitor strategically depends on whether the ongoing task orients attention to the contextual cues that are available to guide monitoring. In Experiment 1, participants performed an ongoing lexical decision task and were told that PM targets (TOR syllable) would only occur in word trials (focal context cue condition) or in items starting with consonants (nonfocal context cue condition). In Experiment 2, participants performed an ongoing first letter judgment (consonant/vowel) task and were told that PM targets would only occur in items starting with consonants (focal context cue condition) or in word trials (nonfocal context cue condition). Consistent with the context cue focality hypothesis, strategic monitoring was only observed during focal context cue conditions in which the type of ongoing task processing automatically oriented attention to the relevant features of the contextual cue. These findings suggest that strategic monitoring is dependent on limited-capacity processing resources and may be relatively limited when the attentional demands of context identification are sufficiently high.

  11. Radiologic manifestations of focal cerebral hyperemia in acute stroke

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olsen, Tom Skyhøj; Skriver, E B; Herning, M

    1991-01-01

    In 16 acute stroke patients with focal cerebral hyperemia angiography and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were studied 1 to 4 days post stroke. CT was performed twice with and without contrast enhancement 3 +/- 1 days and 16 +/- 4 days post stroke. Angiographic evidence of focal cerebral hype...

  12. Earthquake focal mechanism forecasting in Italy for PSHA purposes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roselli, Pamela; Marzocchi, Warner; Mariucci, Maria Teresa; Montone, Paola

    2018-01-01

    In this paper, we put forward a procedure that aims to forecast focal mechanism of future earthquakes. One of the primary uses of such forecasts is in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA); in fact, aiming at reducing the epistemic uncertainty, most of the newer ground motion prediction equations consider, besides the seismicity rates, the forecast of the focal mechanism of the next large earthquakes as input data. The data set used to this purpose is relative to focal mechanisms taken from the latest stress map release for Italy containing 392 well-constrained solutions of events, from 1908 to 2015, with Mw ≥ 4 and depths from 0 down to 40 km. The data set considers polarity focal mechanism solutions until to 1975 (23 events), whereas for 1976-2015, it takes into account only the Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT)-like earthquake focal solutions for data homogeneity. The forecasting model is rooted in the Total Weighted Moment Tensor concept that weighs information of past focal mechanisms evenly distributed in space, according to their distance from the spatial cells and magnitude. Specifically, for each cell of a regular 0.1° × 0.1° spatial grid, the model estimates the probability to observe a normal, reverse, or strike-slip fault plane solution for the next large earthquakes, the expected moment tensor and the related maximum horizontal stress orientation. These results will be available for the new PSHA model for Italy under development. Finally, to evaluate the reliability of the forecasts, we test them with an independent data set that consists of some of the strongest earthquakes with Mw ≥ 3.9 occurred during 2016 in different Italian tectonic provinces.

  13. Focal airtrapping at expiratory high-resolution CT: comparison with pulmonary function tests

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kauczor, H.U.; Hast, J.; Heussel, C.P.; Mildenberger, P.; Thelen, M.; Schlegel, J.

    2000-01-01

    This study was undertaken to determine prevalence, extent, and severity of focal airtrapping at expiratory high-resolution CT, and to compare focal airtrapping with age, gender, pulmonary function tests, and blood gas analysis. Two-hundred seventeen patients with and without pulmonary disease underwent paired inspiratory/expiratory high-resolution CT. Six scan pairs with corresponding scan levels were visually assessed for focal - not diffuse - airtrapping using a four-point scale. Pulmonary function tests and blood gas analysis were available for correlation in all patients (mean interval 5 days). Focal airtrapping with lower lung predominance was observed in 80 % of patients. Twenty-six of 26 patients with restrictive lung function impairment exhibited focal airtrapping (mean score 2.4), whereas only 72 of 98 (74 %) patients with obstruction did (mean score 1.5; p < 0.05). Fifty-eight of 70 (83 %) patients with normal lung function (mean score 1.8) and 19 of 23 (83 %) patients with mixed impairment (mean score 1.8) had focal airtrapping. Focal airtrapping showed negative correlations with static lung volumes (-0.27 to -0.37; p < 0.001) in all patients and moderate positive correlations with dynamic parameters (0.3-0.4; p < 0.001) in patients with obstruction. No significant correlations were found with age, gender, and blood gas analysis. Visual assessment of focal - not diffuse - airtrapping at expiratory high-resolution CT does not correlate with physiological evidence of obstruction as derived from pulmonary function tests since the perception of focal airtrapping requires an adequate expiratory increase in lung density. (orig.)

  14. DEPDC5 takes a second hit in familial focal epilepsy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anderson, Matthew P

    2018-04-30

    Loss-of-function mutations in a single allele of the gene encoding DEP domain-containing 5 protein (DEPDC5) are commonly linked to familial focal epilepsy with variable foci; however, a subset of patients presents with focal cortical dysplasia that is proposed to result from a second-hit somatic mutation. In this issue of the JCI, Ribierre and colleagues provide several lines of evidence to support second-hit DEPDC5 mutations in this disorder. Moreover, the authors use in vivo, in utero electroporation combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology to generate a murine model of the disease that recapitulates human manifestations, including cortical dysplasia-like changes, focal seizures, and sudden unexpected death. This study provides important insights into familial focal epilepsy and provides a preclinical model for evaluating potential therapies.

  15. Focal therapy in prostate cancer

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van den Bos, W.

    2016-01-01

    Interesting developments took place in the treatment of prostate cancer including focal therapy for less aggressive organ-confined prostate cancer. Fortunately, curative treatment is often still an option for patients suffering from the lower staged tumors. In carefully selected patients, the

  16. Gallbladder adenoma with focal adenocarcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ciurea, S; Matei, E; Petrisor, P; Luca, L; Boros, Mirela; Herlea, V; Popescu, I

    2008-01-01

    The majority of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder are cholesterolosis pseudopolyps. True neoplastic GB polyps are represented mainly by adenomas. The case of a 52-year old male patient with an adenomatous polyp of the GB with focal adenocarcinoma is presented.

  17. Conocimientos y conductas de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus sobre el pie diabético Knowledge and behaviors of the patients with diabetes mellitus in relation to the diabetic foot

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulises de Jesús Gallardo Pérez

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Se identificaron los conocimientos y conductas de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus sobre el pie diabético. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en 2 consultorios del Policlínico "Hermanos Ruíz Aboy", del municipio San Miguel del Padrón. Se ejecutaron 4 grupos focales, con un total de 28 participantes de ambos sexos, entre 50 y 80 años de edad. La mayoría de los pacientes mostró falta de conocimientos sobre la definición de pie diabético y sus factores de riesgo. Los pacientes realizan un autocuidado insuficiente de sus pies y asumen conductas de riesgo por la falta de educación. Consideramos importante reforzar el componente educativo en la atención integral de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus para elevar su nivel de conocimientos, crear hábitos saludables y evitar la aparición del pie diabético. La técnica del grupo focal constituyó un instrumento rápido y efectivo para la obtención de información.The knowledge and behavior of the patients with diabetes mellitus in connection with the diabetic foot were identified. A qualitative study was conducted in 2 family physician's offices of "Hermanos Ruíz Aboy" Polyclinic of San Miguel del Padrón municipality. 4 focal groups were selected with a total of 28 participants aged 50-80 of both sexes. Most of the patients lacked knowledge to define the diabetic foot and its risk factors. The patients' self-care of their feet is insufficient and they assume risk conducts due to their deficient education. It is important to reinforce the educative component in the comprehensive attention of the patients with diabetes mellitus to raise their knowledge level, to create healthy habits and to prevent the appearance of diabetic foot. The focal group technique is a rapid and effective tool to obtain information.

  18. Presentación de un caso de aplicación de la dieta cetogénica en la epilepsia refractaria Presentation of a case of ketogenic diet application to refractory epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ligia M Marcos Plasencia

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de un paciente del sexo masculino, de 2 años de edad, que padece síndrome de West y que ha recibido tratamiento con múltiples drogas antiepilépticas sin obtener resultados alentadores ni en las crisis ni en su desarrollo psicomotor, seriamente afectado. Se establece el régimen de alimentación cetogénico de instalación progresiva, sin período de ayuno inicial, y se observa un cambio clínico en el paciente a partir de que se logran niveles de cetosis, constatados por la aparición de cuerpos cetónicos en la orina. Los cambios clínicos consisten en la disminución del número de crisis diarias y de su intensidad, en la posibilidad de suspender una de las drogas antiepilépticas que usaba, y en el aumento del nivel de vigilia del paciente. Se concluye que no se debe renunciar a esta alternativa de tratamiento en los casos de epilepsia refractaria.The case of a 2-year-old male patient suffering from West syndrome that had been treated with multiple antiepileptic drugs without encouraging results, neither in the seizures, nor in his psychomotor development, which was seriously affected, was reported. A progressive ketogenic diet was established without initial fasting, and it was observed a clinical change in the patient, since ketosis levels were attained and confirmed by the appearance of ketone bodies in urine. The clinical changes consisted in the reduction of the number of daily seizures and their intensity, in the possibility of stopping the use of one of the antiepileptic drugs, and in the increase of the level of sleeplessness of the patient. It was concluded that this treatment alternative should not be rejected in the cases of refractory epilepsy.

  19. Heterogeneity of Focal Adhesions and Focal Contacts in Motile Fibroblasts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gladkikh, Aleena; Kovaleva, Anastasia; Tvorogova, Anna; Vorobjev, Ivan A

    2018-01-01

    Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion is an important property of virtually all cells in multicellular organisms. Cell-ECM adhesion studies, therefore, are very significant both for biology and medicine. Over the last three decades, biomedical studies resulted in a tremendous advance in our understanding of the molecular basis and functions of cell-ECM adhesion. Based on morphological and molecular criteria, several different types of model cell-ECM adhesion structures including focal adhesions, focal complexes, fibrillar adhesions, podosomes, and three-dimensional matrix adhesions have been described. All the subcellular structures that mediate cell-ECM adhesion are quite heterogeneous, often varying in size, shape, distribution, dynamics, and, to a certain extent, molecular constituents. The morphological "plasticity" of cell-ECM adhesion perhaps reflects the needs of cells to sense, adapt, and respond to a variety of extracellular environments. In addition, cell type (e.g., differentiation status, oncogenic transformation, etc.) often exerts marked influence on the structure of cell-ECM adhesions. Although molecular, genetic, biochemical, and structural studies provide important maps or "snapshots" of cell-ECM adhesions, the area of research that is equally valuable is to study the heterogeneity of FA subpopulations within cells. Recently time-lapse observations on the FA dynamics become feasible, and behavior of individual FA gives additional information on cell-ECM interactions. Here we describe a robust method of labeling of FA using plasmids with fluorescent markers for paxillin and vinculin and quantifying the morphological and dynamical parameters of FA.

  20. Funcionamento intelectual em pacientes pediátricos com epilepsia: comparação de crianças controladas com medicação, não controladas com medicação e controladas com cirurgia

    OpenAIRE

    Souza-Oliveira,Cecília; Escosi-Rosset,Sara; Funayama,Sandra S.; Terra,Vera C.; Machado,Hélio R.; Sakamoto,Américo C.

    2010-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Comparar o quociente intelectual (QI) em três grupos de crianças com epilepsia: 1) controlados com medicação, 2) não controlados com medicação e 3) controlados com cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Noventa e oito pacientes pediátricos, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, foram selecionados de dezembro de 2007 a julho de 2008. A Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças - terceira edição (WISC-III) foi utilizada para a avaliação neuropsicológica dos pacientes. Os resultados foram relacionados com a s...

  1. Systematic study of the focal shift effect in planar plasmonic slit lenses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hu Bin; Wang Qijie; Zhang Ying

    2012-01-01

    In this paper, we systematically studied the focal shift effect in planar plasmonic slit lenses. Through theoretical derivations and numerical simulations, we found that there is a focal length shift between the traditional design model and the finite-difference time-domain simulations. The shift is not only dependent on the Fresnel number (FN) of the lens, like traditional dielectric lenses, determined by the lens width and the designed focal length, but also on the surface plasmon polariton (SPPs) interaction on the lens surfaces, dependent on the slit numbers. We also found that the FN-induced focal shift is predominant when FN 1. An approximated theoretical model is presented to estimate the focal shift of plasmonic slit lens with FN < 1. (paper)

  2. Protein kinase C involvement in focal adhesion formation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Woods, A; Couchman, J R

    1992-01-01

    Matrix molecules such as fibronectin can promote cell attachment, spreading and focal adhesion formation. Although some interactions of fibronectin with cell surface receptors have now been identified, the consequent activation of intracellular messenger systems by cell/matrix interactions have...... still to be elucidated. We show here that the kinase inhibitors H7 and HA1004 reduce focal adhesion and stress fiber formation in response to fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner, and that activators of protein kinase C can promote their formation under conditions where they do not normally form....... Fibroblasts spread within 1h on substrata composed of fibronectin and formed focal adhesions by 3h, as monitored by interference reflection microscopy (IRM) and by labeling for talin, vinculin and integrin beta 1 subunits. In addition, stress fibers were visible. When cells were allowed to spread for 1h...

  3. A 1.3 giga pixels focal plane for GAIA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laborie, Anouk; Pouny, Pierre; Vetel, Cyril; Collados, Emmanuel; Rougier, Gilles; Davancens, Robert; Zayer, Igor; Perryman, Michael; Pace, Oscar

    2004-06-01

    The astrometric mission GAIA is a cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency, due for launch in the 2010 time frame. Requiring extremely demanding performance GAIA calls for the development of an unprecedented large focal plane featuring innovative technologies. For securing the very challenging GAIA development, a significant number of technology activities have been initiated by ESA through a competitive selection process. In this context, an industrial consortium led by EADS-Astrium (France) with e2v technologies (UK) as major subcontractor was selected for the GAIA CCD and Focal Plane Technology Demonstrators programme, which is by far the most significant and the most critical GAIA pre-development for all aspects: science performance, development schedule and cost. This programme has started since August 2002 and will end early 2005 prior to commencement of the GAIA Phase B. While the GAIA payload will host three instruments and related focal planes, the major mission objectives are assigned to the Astrometric (ASTRO) Focal Plane, which is the subject of this presentation.

  4. Focal adhesions, stress fibers and mechanical tension

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Burridge, Keith, E-mail: Keith_Burridge@med.unc.edu [Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 12-016 Lineberger, CB#7295, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Guilluy, Christophe, E-mail: christophe.guilluy@univ-nantes.fr [Inserm UMR-S1087, CNRS UMR-C6291, L' institut du Thorax, and Université de Nantes, Nantes (France)

    2016-04-10

    Stress fibers and focal adhesions are complex protein arrays that produce, transmit and sense mechanical tension. Evidence accumulated over many years led to the conclusion that mechanical tension generated within stress fibers contributes to the assembly of both stress fibers themselves and their associated focal adhesions. However, several lines of evidence have recently been presented against this model. Here we discuss the evidence for and against the role of mechanical tension in driving the assembly of these structures. We also consider how their assembly is influenced by the rigidity of the substratum to which cells are adhering. Finally, we discuss the recently identified connections between stress fibers and the nucleus, and the roles that these may play, both in cell migration and regulating nuclear function. - Highlights: • The different types of stress fiber and focal adhesion are described. • We discuss the controversy about tension and assembly of these structures. • We describe the different models used to investigate assembly of these structures. • The influence of substratum rigidity is discussed. • Stress fiber connections to the nucleus are reviewed.

  5. MRI of a family with focal abnormalities of gyration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Muntaner, L.; Perez-Ferron, J.J.; Herrera, M.; Rosell, J.; Taboada, D.; Climent, S.

    1997-01-01

    Focal abnormalities of gyration (FAG) are developmental disorders that may occur in isolated patients or, as in the case being reported, as part of a familial disorder. Analysis of individuals in a family spanning three generations was carried out using MRI. Abnormalities, present in all members of generations II and III, included focal cortical dysplasia (three patients), focal cortical infolding (two patients) and schizencephaly (one patient); associated minor anomalies, such as white matter abnormalities, were seen in the remaining three members of generations II and III. MRI recognition of FAG in the family being reported proved useful in defining their phenotypical expression and providing proper counselling for individual family members. (orig.). With 6 figs

  6. Concordance of MRI and EEG Focal Slowing in Nonsyndromic Epilepsy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J Gordon Millichap

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Investigators at the Kangwon National University, Korea, and The Epilepsy Center, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, USA studied the correlation and significance of EEG focal slowing and focal MRI abnormalities in 253 children with nonsyndromic epilepsy.

  7. Focal low-dose rate brachytherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tong WY

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available William Y Tong, Gilad Cohen, Yoshiya Yamada Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA Abstract: Whole-gland low-dose rate (LDR brachytherapy has been a well-established modality of treating low-risk prostate cancer. Treatment in a focal manner has the advantages of reduced toxicity to surrounding organs. Focal treatment using LDR brachytherapy has been relatively unexplored, but it may offer advantages over other modalities that have established experiences with a focal approach. This is particularly true as prostate cancer is being detected at an earlier and more localized stage with the advent of better detection methods and newer imaging modalities. Keywords: prostate cancer, focal, low dose rate, brachytherapy

  8. La identidad del adolescente y su relación con el imaginario nacional costarricense

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucía Arroyo Chinchilla

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza cómo la persona adolescente se identifica con lo que conoce como las características fundamentales del ser costarricense, con el fin de determinar si ha habido algún cambio generacional en la construcción del imaginario nacional. Para obtener estos datos, se trabajó con un grupo focal, compuesto por 13 hombres y 4 mujeres, con edades entre 14 y 18 años, del Centro Internacional de Avivamiento, en San Diego de Tres Ríos. La información se sistematizó y analizó cualitativamente mediante categorías. Se demostró que los adolescentes no están exentos del contacto con la “cultura nacional”, pero consideran necesario redefinir los símbolos patrios, puesto que no representan la multiculturalidad que evidencia la realidad del país. This article analyzes how the adolescents identified themselves with what is known as the fundamental characteristics about the Costa Rican being, aiming to discover if there are any generational changes in the construction of the national imaginary. To obtain the data, work was done with a focus group of 13 men and 4 women aged between 14 and 18, who regularly attend the International Revival Center in San Diego de Tres Rios. The information was systematized and analyzed qualitatively by analytical categories. This article shows that adolescents are not exempted from contact with the "national culture", but considered necessary to redefine the symbols, because they do not represent the multicultural reality of the country.

  9. Sistema colinérgico: revisitando receptores, regulação e a relação com a doença de Alzheimer, esquizofrenia, epilepsia e tabagismo Colinergic system: revisiting receptors, regulation and the relationship with Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy and smoking

    OpenAIRE

    Ana L. M. Ventura; Paula A. Abreu; Rodrigo C. C. Freitas; Plínio C. Sathler; Natália Loureiro; Helena C. Castro

    2010-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Revisar a estrutura e o funcionamento do sistema colinérgico central ressaltando seu papel na fisiologia e na fisiopatologia das doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson, esquizofrenia, epilepsia e tabagismo. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no MedLine, LILACS, PubMed e ISI, e na Biblioteca da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, selecionando-se o período de 1914 a 2009, utilizando os descritores: "receptors", "cholinergic", "Alzheimer disease", "schizophrenia", "epilepsy" e "smoking"...

  10. Dosimetry Modeling for Focal Low-Dose-Rate Prostate Brachytherapy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Al-Qaisieh, Bashar [Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (United Kingdom); Mason, Josh, E-mail: joshua.mason@nhs.net [Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (United Kingdom); Bownes, Peter; Henry, Ann [Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (United Kingdom); Dickinson, Louise [Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London (United Kingdom); Department of Radiology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West NHS Trust, London (United Kingdom); Ahmed, Hashim U. [Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London (United Kingdom); University College London Hospital, London (United Kingdom); Emberton, Mark [University College London Hospital, London (United Kingdom); Langley, Stephen [St Luke' s Cancer Centre, Guildford (United Kingdom)

    2015-07-15

    Purpose: Focal brachytherapy targeted to an individual lesion(s) within the prostate may reduce side effects experienced with whole-gland brachytherapy. The outcomes of a consensus meeting on focal prostate brachytherapy were used to investigate optimal dosimetry of focal low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy targeted using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and transperineal template prostate mapping (TPM) biopsy, including the effects of random and systematic seed displacements and interseed attenuation (ISA). Methods and Materials: Nine patients were selected according to clinical characteristics and concordance of TPM and mp-MRI. Retrospectively, 3 treatment plans were analyzed for each case: whole-gland (WG), hemi-gland (hemi), and ultra-focal (UF) plans, with 145-Gy prescription dose and identical dose constraints for each plan. Plan robustness to seed displacement and ISA were assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. Results: WG plans used a mean 28 needles and 81 seeds, hemi plans used 17 needles and 56 seeds, and UF plans used 12 needles and 25 seeds. Mean D90 (minimum dose received by 90% of the target) and V100 (percentage of the target that receives 100% dose) values were 181.3 Gy and 99.8% for the prostate in WG plans, 195.7 Gy and 97.8% for the hemi-prostate in hemi plans, and 218.3 Gy and 99.8% for the focal target in UF plans. Mean urethra D10 was 205.9 Gy, 191.4 Gy, and 92.4 Gy in WG, hemi, and UF plans, respectively. Mean rectum D2 cm{sup 3} was 107.5 Gy, 77.0 Gy, and 42.7 Gy in WG, hemi, and UF plans, respectively. Focal plans were more sensitive to seed displacement errors: random shifts with a standard deviation of 4 mm reduced mean target D90 by 14.0%, 20.5%, and 32.0% for WG, hemi, and UF plans, respectively. ISA has a similar impact on dose-volume histogram parameters for all plan types. Conclusions: Treatment planning for focal LDR brachytherapy is feasible. Dose constraints are easily met with a notable

  11. Detection is unaffected by the deployment of focal attention

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeff eMoher

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available There has been much debate regarding how much information humans can extract from their environment without the use of limited attentional resources. In a recent study, Theeuwes, Van der Burg, and Belopolsky (2008 argued that even detection of simple feature targets is not possible without selection by focal attention. Supporting this claim, they found response time benefits in a simple feature (color detection task when a target letter’s identity was repeated on consecutive trials, suggesting that the letter was selected by focal attention and identified prior to detection. This intertrial repetition benefit remained even when observers were required to simultaneously identify a central digit. However, we found that intertrial repetition benefits disappeared when a simple color target was presented among a heterogeneously (rather than homogeneously colored set of distractors, thus reducing its bottom-up salience. Still, detection performance remained high. Thus, detection performance was unaffected by whether a letter was focally attended and identified prior to detection or not. Intertrial identity repetition benefits also disappeared when observers were required to perform a simultaneous, attention-demanding central task (Experiment 2, or when unfamiliar Chinese characters were used (Experiment 3. Together, these results suggest that while shifts of focal attention can be affected by target salience, by the availability of excess cognitive resources, and by target familiarity, detection performance itself is unaffected by these manipulations and is thus unaffected by the deployment of focal attention.

  12. Reasons for discrepancy between incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in lower income countries: Epilepsia's survey results.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mathern, Gary W; Beninsig, Laurie; Nehlig, Astrid

    2015-02-01

    From July to August 2014, Epilepsia conducted an online survey seeking opinions that explained the discrepancy between the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in lower income countries. Data on cumulative incidence suggest a higher rate of active epilepsy than reported in lifetime prevalence surveys. This study reports the findings of that poll addressing the proposal in our Controversy in Epilepsy series that it could be from increased death rates. The survey consisted of a question addressing possible reasons to explain the discrepancy between the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy. Another four questions addressed demographic information. There were 34 responders who completed the survey. Half (50%) of the responders felt that the discrepancy between cumulative incidence and lifetime prevalence was due to lack of uniform definitions and misclassification of patients in study design, 23.5% said the discrepancy was due to a higher mortality from diseases and conditions such as trauma and infections associated with epilepsy, 23.5% indicated that the stigma of epilepsy prevented people from acknowledging their disease in prevalence surveys, and 2.9% felt it was from poor access to qualified medical personal and utilization of medical treatments that increased death rates directly related to epilepsy. Within the limitations of sample size, the results of this survey support that the discrepancy between the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in lower income regions of the world is due to problems in acquiring the data and stigma rather than higher mortality from diseases associated with epilepsy and repeated seizures. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 International League Against Epilepsy.

  13. Chest pain in focal musculoskeletal disorders

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stochkendahl, Mette Jensen; Christensen, Henrik Wulff

    2010-01-01

    overlapping conditions and syndromes of focal disorders, including Tietze syndrome, costochondritis, chest wall syndrome, muscle tenderness, slipping rib, cervical angina, and segmental dysfunction of the cervical and thoracic spine, have been reported to cause pain. For most of these syndromes, evidence......The musculoskeletal system is a recognized source of chest pain. However, despite the apparently benign origin, patients with musculoskeletal chest pain remain under-diagnosed, untreated, and potentially continuously disabled in terms of anxiety, depression, and activities of daily living. Several...... arises mainly from case stories and empiric knowledge. For segmental dysfunction, clinical features of musculoskeletal chest pain have been characterized in a few clinical trials. This article summarizes the most commonly encountered syndromes of focal musculoskeletal disorders in clinical practice....

  14. Conocimientos, percepciones y comportamientos relacionados con el consumo de sal, la salud y el etiquetado nutricional en Argentina, Costa Rica y Ecuador Knowledge, perceptions, and behavior related to salt consumption, health, and nutritional labeling in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Ecuador

    OpenAIRE

    Germana Sánchez; Lorena Peña; Soledad Varea; Patricia Mogrovejo; María Lorena Goetschel; María de los Ángeles Montero-Campos; Raúl Mejía; Adriana Blanco-Metzler

    2012-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Identificar los conocimientos, percepciones y comportamientos relacionados con el consumo de la sal y el sodio alimentarios y su relación con la salud y el etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos, en tres países de la Región. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo-exploratorio basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas, según las categorías del modelo de creencias en salud. Se realizaron 34 entrevistas y 6 grupos focales con líderes comunales (71 informantes en total) en áreas rurales y urbanas ...

  15. Mechanical design and analysis of focal plate for gravity deformation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Jianping; Chu, Jiaru; Hu, Hongzhuan; Li, Kexuan; Zhou, Zengxiang

    2014-07-01

    The surface accuracy of astronomical telescope focal plate is a key indicator to precision stellar observation. To conduct accurate deformation measurement for focal plate in different status, a 6-DOF hexapod platform was used for attitude adjustment. For the small adjustment range of a classic 6-DOF hexapod platform, an improved structural arrangement method was proposed in the paper to achieve ultimate adjustment of the focal plate in horizontal and vertical direction. To validate the feasibility of this method, an angle change model which used ball hinge was set up for the movement and base plate. Simulation results in MATLAB suggested that the ball hinge angle change of movement and base plate is within the range of the limiting angle in the process of the platform plate adjusting to ultimate attitude. The proposed method has some guiding significance for accurate surface measurement of focal plate.

  16. Charging as a Focal Practice

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bødker, Mads

    This position paper reflects on Borgmann’s notion of ‘focal things’ and its applicability in the discourse about interaction with technologies in nature. Using the example of a combined cooking burner and thermoelectric 5W smartphone charger (a BioLite cook stove), this position paper gives...

  17. CT findings of focal organizing pneumonia: correlation with pathologic findings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Yang Soo; Kim, Young Goo; Park, Un Sup [College of Medicine, Chungang University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    1994-11-15

    To evaluate the CT findings of focal organizing pneumonia and to correlate them with pathologic findings to help differentiating from lung cancer. We evaluated radiologic and pathologic findings of five patients with solitary pulmonary nodule which were confirmed as focal organizing pneumonia pathologically. On CT scan, focal organizing pneumonia had irregular margin contacting the pleura in all five cases. The shape of the nodules were spherical to wedge or elliptical and the size from 3.5cm to 5.5cm(average 4.2 cm) in largest diameter. On postcontrast CT scan, all nodules showed enhancement and four cases showed central low density components. Two nodules contained air within the nodule. In four cases, pleural changes such as effusion and/or focal thickening were noted. No lymphadenopathy was found in all cases. Pathologically, the enhancing portion on CT showed findings of organizing pneumonia such as granulation tissue with fibroblast proliferation in alveolar space and interstitial thickening. The central low density areas on CT were due to ischemic necrosis, abscess and exudate, transudate and infiltration of foamy histiocyte. The possibility of focal organizing pneumonia should be considered when peripherally located solitary pulmonary nodule had enhancing component with no combined lymphadenopathy on CT scan.

  18. CT findings of focal organizing pneumonia: correlation with pathologic findings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Yang Soo; Kim, Young Goo; Park, Un Sup

    1994-01-01

    To evaluate the CT findings of focal organizing pneumonia and to correlate them with pathologic findings to help differentiating from lung cancer. We evaluated radiologic and pathologic findings of five patients with solitary pulmonary nodule which were confirmed as focal organizing pneumonia pathologically. On CT scan, focal organizing pneumonia had irregular margin contacting the pleura in all five cases. The shape of the nodules were spherical to wedge or elliptical and the size from 3.5cm to 5.5cm(average 4.2 cm) in largest diameter. On postcontrast CT scan, all nodules showed enhancement and four cases showed central low density components. Two nodules contained air within the nodule. In four cases, pleural changes such as effusion and/or focal thickening were noted. No lymphadenopathy was found in all cases. Pathologically, the enhancing portion on CT showed findings of organizing pneumonia such as granulation tissue with fibroblast proliferation in alveolar space and interstitial thickening. The central low density areas on CT were due to ischemic necrosis, abscess and exudate, transudate and infiltration of foamy histiocyte. The possibility of focal organizing pneumonia should be considered when peripherally located solitary pulmonary nodule had enhancing component with no combined lymphadenopathy on CT scan

  19. EEG dynamical correlates of focal and diffuse causes of coma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kafashan, MohammadMehdi; Ryu, Shoko; Hargis, Mitchell J; Laurido-Soto, Osvaldo; Roberts, Debra E; Thontakudi, Akshay; Eisenman, Lawrence; Kummer, Terrance T; Ching, ShiNung

    2017-11-15

    Rapidly determining the causes of a depressed level of consciousness (DLOC) including coma is a common clinical challenge. Quantitative analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has the potential to improve DLOC assessment by providing readily deployable, temporally detailed characterization of brain activity in such patients. While used commonly for seizure detection, EEG-based assessment of DLOC etiology is less well-established. As a first step towards etiological diagnosis, we sought to distinguish focal and diffuse causes of DLOC through assessment of temporal dynamics within EEG signals. We retrospectively analyzed EEG recordings from 40 patients with DLOC with consensus focal or diffuse culprit pathology. For each recording, we performed a suite of time-series analyses, then used a statistical framework to identify which analyses (features) could be used to distinguish between focal and diffuse cases. Using cross-validation approaches, we identified several spectral and non-spectral EEG features that were significantly different between DLOC patients with focal vs. diffuse etiologies, enabling EEG-based classification with an accuracy of 76%. Our findings suggest that DLOC due to focal vs. diffuse injuries differ along several electrophysiological parameters. These results may form the basis of future classification strategies for DLOC and coma that are more etiologically-specific and therefore therapeutically-relevant.

  20. Tratamento focal e perifocal contra Aëdes aegypti

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milton Moura Lima

    1987-06-01

    Full Text Available Em quatro bairros da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, foram feitos ensaios de tratamento focal com abate granulado a 1 ppm e perifocal com pó molhável de Sumition a 2,5%. Esses tratamentos foram feitos tanto isoladamente quanto em conjunto e, também, associados à aplicação de inseticida a ultrabaixo volume. Os índices prediais, levantados um mês depois de terminado o trabalho, mostraram que o tratamento focal dispensa qualquer medida auxiliar. O tratamento perifocal mostrou-se inócuo e incapaz de impedir o aparecimento de larvas de Aëdes aegypti e de outros insetos, em pneus pintados, na face externa, com Sumition e com Malation.In four districts of the city of Rio dc Janeiro focal treatment essays with granulated Abate at 1 ppm and perifocal treatment essays with wettable powder of Sumithion at 2,5% were performed. These were made either alone or in combination as well as associated to insecticides applied at ultra low volume. The premise indices obtained one month after the treatments indicates that the focal treatment alone is effective, no other addicional methods being necessary. The perifocal treatment is not effective and did not prevent the development of Aedes aegypti larvae and other insects in tires which had their external surface painted with Sumithion and Malathion.

  1. [Focal myositis: An unknown disease].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gallay, L; Streichenberger, N; Benveniste, O; Allenbach, Y

    2017-10-01

    Focal myositis are inflammatory muscle diseases of unknown origin. At the opposite from the other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, they are restricted to a single muscle or to a muscle group. They are not associated with extramuscular manifestations, and they have a good prognosis without any treatment. They are characterized by a localized swelling affecting mostly lower limbs. The pseudo-tumor can be painful, but is not associated with a muscle weakness. Creatine kinase level is normal. Muscle MRI shows an inflammation restricted to a muscle or a muscle group. Muscle biopsy and pathological analysis remain necessary for the diagnosis, showing inflammatory infiltrates composed by macrophages and lymphocytes without any specific distribution within the muscle. Focal overexpression of HLA-1 by the muscle fibers is frequently observed. The muscle biopsy permits to rule out differential diagnosis such a malignancy (sarcoma). Spontaneous remission occurs within weeks or months after the first symptoms, relapse is unusual. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier SAS.

  2. Theory of the mechanical response of focal adhesions to shear flow

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Biton, Y Y; Safran, S A

    2010-01-01

    The response of cells to shear flow is primarily determined by the asymmetry of the external forces and moments that are sensed by each member of a focal adhesion pair connected by a contractile stress fiber. In the theory presented here, we suggest a physical model in which each member of such a pair of focal adhesions is treated as an elastic body subject to both a myosin-activated contractile force and the shear stress induced by the external flow. The elastic response of a focal adhesion complex is much faster than the active cellular processes that determine the size of the associated focal adhesions and the direction of the complex relative to the imposed flow. Therefore, the complex attains its mechanical equilibrium configuration which may change because of the cellular activity. Our theory is based on the experimental observation that focal adhesions modulate their cross-sectional area in order to attain an optimal shear. Using this assumption, our elastic model shows that such a complex can passively change its orientation to align parallel to the direction of the flow.

  3. Focal decompositions for linear differential equations of the second order

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Birbrair

    2003-01-01

    two-points problems to itself such that the image of the focal decomposition associated to the first equation is a focal decomposition associated to the second one. In this paper, we present a complete classification for linear second-order equations with respect to this equivalence relation.

  4. Focal spot motion of linear accelerators and its effect on portal image analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sonke, Jan-Jakob; Brand, Bob; Herk, Marcel van

    2003-01-01

    The focal spot of a linear accelerator is often considered to have a fully stable position. In practice, however, the beam control loop of a linear accelerator needs to stabilize after the beam is turned on. As a result, some motion of the focal spot might occur during the start-up phase of irradiation. When acquiring portal images, this motion will affect the projected position of anatomy and field edges, especially when low exposures are used. In this paper, the motion of the focal spot and the effect of this motion on portal image analysis are quantified. A slightly tilted narrow slit phantom was placed at the isocenter of several linear accelerators and images were acquired (3.5 frames per second) by means of an amorphous silicon flat panel imager positioned ∼0.7 m below the isocenter. The motion of the focal spot was determined by converting the tilted slit images to subpixel accurate line spread functions. The error in portal image analysis due to focal spot motion was estimated by a subtraction of the relative displacement of the projected slit from the relative displacement of the field edges. It was found that the motion of the focal spot depends on the control system and design of the accelerator. The shift of the focal spot at the start of irradiation ranges between 0.05-0.7 mm in the gun-target (GT) direction. In the left-right (AB) direction the shift is generally smaller. The resulting error in portal image analysis due to focal spot motion ranges between 0.05-1.1 mm for a dose corresponding to two monitor units (MUs). For 20 MUs, the effect of the focal spot motion reduces to 0.01-0.3 mm. The error in portal image analysis due to focal spot motion can be reduced by reducing the applied dose rate

  5. Focal myositis of lower extremity responsive to botulinum A toxin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mitrovic, Josko; Prka, Zeljko; Zic, Rado; Marusic, Srecko; Morovic-Vergles, Jadranka

    2014-01-01

    Focal myositis is a rare, mostly benign disease (pseudotumor) of skeletal muscle, histopathologically characterized by interstitial myositis and tumorous enlargement of a single muscle. The etiology of focal myositis remains unknown; however, localized myopathy has been postulated to be caused by denervation lesions. This case report describes a patient that presented with clinical, laboratory, electromyoneurography, and magnetic resonance imaging features of focal myositis complicated with intervertebral disk protrusion in the lumbosacral spine affected with radicular distress. In most cases, focal myositic lesions show spontaneous regression, relapses are rare, and long-term prognosis is good. There is a wide spectrum of therapeutic options, from no therapy at all through nonsteroidal antirheumatics and glucocorticoids to radiotherapy, surgical excision, and immunosuppressants. In the patient presented, treatment with glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and surgical excision failed to produce satisfactory results. Clinical improvement, pain relief, and reduction in lower leg volume were only achieved by local infiltration of botulinum A toxin.

  6. Deriving the effective focal plane for the CBM-RICH detector

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kres, Ievgenii [Wuppertal University (Germany); Collaboration: CBM-Collaboration

    2016-07-01

    The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR complex will investigate the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at high baryon density and moderate temperatures in A+A collisions from 2-11 AGeV (SIS100). A central component of the proposed detector setup is a ring imaging Cherenkov detector (RICH) using CO2 as radiator gas, and a focussing optic with a large spherical mirror. In the present design, the optimal focal plane is approximated using four individual, flat detection surfaces. However, the exact shape and position of the ideal focal plane is subject to further optimization due to effects from tilting the focussing mirror and from momentum dependant deflection of the electron tracks in the magnetic stray field. In this talk, we present a new approach to derive the effective 3-dimensional shape of the focal plane based on a set of Monte Carlo simulations, comparing the ring sharpness at each point of a preliminary focal plane as function of z-position.

  7. METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FOCAL PLANE LOCATION OF FOCUSING COMPONENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. I. Ivashko

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Mass-production of different laser systems often requires utilization of the focal spot size method for determination of output laser beam spatial characteristics. The main challenge of this method is high accuracy maintenance of a CCD camera beam profiler in the collecting lens focal plane. The aim of our work is development of new method for placing of photodetector array in the collecting lens focal plane with high accuracy.Proposed technique is based on focusing of several parallel laser beams. Determination of the focal plane position requires only longitudinal translation of the CCD-camera to find a point of laser beams intersection. Continuous-wave (CW diode-pumped laser emitting in the spectral region near 1μm was created to satisfy the requirements of the developed technique. Designed microchip laser generates two stigmatic Gaussian beams with automatically parallel beam axes due to independent pumping of different areas of the one microchip crystal having the same cavity mirrors.It was theoretically demonstrated that developed method provides possibility of the lenses focal plane determination with 1 % accuracy. The microchip laser generates two parallel Gaussian beams with divergence of about 10 mrad. Laser output power can be varied in the range of 0.1–1.5 W by changing the pumping laser diode electrical current. The distance between two beam axes can be changed in the range of 0.5–5.0 mm.We have proposed method for determination of positive lens focal plane location by using of CCDcamera and two laser beams with parallel axes without utilization of additional optical devices. We have developed CW longitudinally diode pumped microchip laser emitting in the 1-μm spectral region that can be used in the measuring instrument that doesn’t require precision mechanical components for determination of focal plane location with 1 % accuracy. The overall dimensions of laser head was 70 × 40 × 40 mm3 and maximum power consumption was

  8. Focal depth measurement of scanning helium ion microscope

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo, Hongxuan; Itoh, Hiroshi; Wang, Chunmei; Zhang, Han; Fujita, Daisuke

    2014-01-01

    When facing the challenges of critical dimension measurement of complicated nanostructures, such as of the three dimension integrated circuit, characterization of the focal depth of microscopes is important. In this Letter, we developed a method for characterizing the focal depth of a scanning helium ion microscope (HIM) by using an atomic force microscope tip characterizer (ATC). The ATC was tilted in a sample chamber at an angle to the scanning plan. Secondary electron images (SEIs) were obtained at different positions of the ATC. The edge resolution of the SEIs shows the nominal diameters of the helium ion beam at different focal levels. With this method, the nominal shapes of the helium ion beams were obtained with different apertures. Our results show that a small aperture is necessary to get a high spatial resolution and high depth of field images with HIM. This work provides a method for characterizing and improving the performance of HIM.

  9. Serial MRI and MRS studies with unusual findings in Rasmussen's encephalitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tuerkdogan-Soezueer, D.; Oezek, M.M.; Pamir, M.N.; Sav, A.; Dincer, A.

    2000-01-01

    Rasmussen's syndrome is characterized by intractable seizures and progressive neuropsychiatric deterioration secondary to unilateral cortical inflammation and tissue destruction. Diagnosis of Rasmussen's syndrome in the early phase depends mainly on the clinical features. Neuroimaging and histopathologic examinations may not be specific during this period. We report a case of Rasmussen's syndrome followed by serial MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies over a 3- to 16-month period. A healthy 6-year-old boy presented with focal motor seizures. An MRI study demonstrated prominent enlargement and T2 hyperintensity of the left mesial temporal lobe and perisylvian region. This early finding evolved to volume loss and later progressive atrophy of the ipsilateral hemisphere when epilepsia partialis continua occurred. Being aware of those early MRI features in a patient with increasing frequency of focal motor seizures should suggest Rasmussen's syndrome. In addition, we found prominently increased myoinositol concentration in atrophic cortex which might reflect increased gliosis in the late period of the disease. (orig.)

  10. Super-resolution links vinculin localization to function in focal adhesions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giannone, Grégory

    2015-07-01

    Integrin-based focal adhesions integrate biochemical and biomechanical signals from the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. The combination of three-dimensional super-resolution imaging and loss- or gain-of-function protein mutants now links the nanoscale dynamic localization of proteins to their activation and function within focal adhesions.

  11. Membership Functions for Fuzzy Focal Elements

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Porębski Sebastian

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents a study on data-driven diagnostic rules, which are easy to interpret by human experts. To this end, the Dempster-Shafer theory extended for fuzzy focal elements is used. Premises of the rules (fuzzy focal elements are provided by membership functions which shapes are changing according to input symptoms. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate common membership function shapes and to introduce a rule elimination algorithm. Proposed methods are first illustrated with the popular Iris data set. Next experiments with five medical benchmark databases are performed. Results of the experiments show that various membership function shapes provide different inference efficiency but the extracted rule sets are close to each other. Thus indications for determining rules with possible heuristic interpretation can be formulated.

  12. Focal epilepsy in the Belgian shepherd

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Berendt, Mette; Gulløv, Christina Hedal; Fredholm, Merete

    2009-01-01

    and deceased) were ascertained through a telephone interview using a standardised questionnaire regarding seizure history and phenomenology. Living dogs were invited to a detailed clinical evaluation. Litters more than five years of age, or where epilepsy was present in all offspring before the age of five......, were included in the calculations of inheritance. results: Out of 199 family members, 66 dogs suffered from epilepsy. The prevalence of epilepsy in the family was 33%. Fifty-five dogs experienced focal seizures with or without secondary generalisation, while four dogs experienced primary generalised...... seizures. In seven dogs, seizures could not be classified. The mode of inheritance of epilepsy was simple Mendelian. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study identified that the Belgian shepherd suffers from genetically transmitted focal epilepsy. The seizure phenomenology expressed by family members have...

  13. Extensive Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia: A Case Report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mansouri, Zahra; Bakhtiari, Sedigheh; Noormohamadi, Robab

    2015-01-01

    Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck's disease is a rare viral infection of the oral mucosa caused by human papilloma virus especially subtypes 13 or 32. The frequency of this disease varies widely from one geographic region and ethnic groups to another. This paper reports an Iranian case of extensive focal epithelial hyperplasia. A 35-year-old man with FEH is described, in whom the lesions had persisted for more than 25 years. The lesion was diagnosed according to both clinical and histopathological features. Dental practitioner should be aware of these types of lesions and histopathological examination together and a careful clinical observation should be carried out for a definitive diagnosis.

  14. Focal splenic masses of the extramedullary hematopoiesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Incedayi, M.; Sivrioglu, A.

    2012-01-01

    Full text: Extramedullary hematopoiesis arises from pleuripotential stem cells distributed throughout the body. It is most common in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia, such as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia and hereditary spherocytosis as a response to ineffective red blood cell formation. Although microscopic foci of Extramedullary hematopoiesis are commonly seen in the spleen and liver parenchyma, focal mass-like lesion of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen are rare. We report a case of intrasplenic focal extramedullary hematopoiesis lesions and the imaging features of extramedullary hematopoiesis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Extramedullary hematopoiesis should always be considered as a diagnosis in a patient with a known hematological disorder

  15. Correlation between Focal Nodular Low Signal Changes in Hoffa’s Fat Pad Adjacent to Anterior Femoral Cartilage and Focal Cartilage Defect Underlying This Region and Its Possible Implication

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chermaine Deepa Antony

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. This study investigates the association between focal nodular mass with low signal in Hoffa’s fat pad adjacent to anterior femoral cartilage of the knee (FNMHF and focal cartilage abnormality in this region. Method. The magnetic resonance fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition sequence (MR FIESTA sagittal and axial images of the B1 and C1 region (described later of 148 patients were independently evaluated by two reviewers and categorized into four categories: normal, FNMHF with underlying focal cartilage abnormality, FNMHF with normal cartilage, and cartilage abnormality with no FNMHF. Results. There was a significant association (p=0.00 between FNMHF and immediate adjacent focal cartilage abnormality with high interobserver agreement. The absence of focal nodular lesions next to the anterior femoral cartilage has a very high negative predictive value for chondral injury (97.8%. Synovial biopsy of focal nodular lesion done during arthroscopy revealed some fibrocollagenous tissue and no inflammatory cells. Conclusion. We postulate that the FNMHF adjacent to the cartilage defects is a form of normal healing response to the cartilage damage. One patient with FHMHF and underlying cartilage abnormality was rescanned six months later. In this patient, the FNMHF disappeared and normal cartilage was observed in the adjacent region which may support this theory.

  16. The design of LMJ focal spots for indirect drive experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Garrec, B J; Sajer, J M

    2008-01-01

    LMJ is a 240 high power laser beam facility for achieving laser matter interaction experiments, high energy density science, including the demonstration of fusion ignition through Inertial Confinement. The Laser Integration Line (LIL) facility is currently a 4-beam prototype for LMJ. The intensity I 0 at the focal spot centre drives hydrodynamic and plasma instabilities and the intensity in the wings must be low to go through the laser entrance Hohlraum. A simple model has been developed to compute the LMJ focal spot. The model gives the intensity at the centre as a function of the focal spot area at 3% of the maximum

  17. Focal myositis of the thigh: unusual MR pattern

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Llauger, Jaume; Palmer, Jaume; San Roman, Luis; Bague, Silvia; Matias-Guiu, Xavier; Doncel, Antonio

    2002-01-01

    Focal myositis is a commonly referenced, infrequently reported and poorly documented benign inflammatory pseudotumor which may be misdiagnosed clinically as a malignant tumor. We report the clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case of focal myositis in the thigh of a 55-year-old woman. A different radiologic presentation of this disorder is described. The gross appearance of the lesion, previously undescribed, appears to be rather specific for such a pseudoneoplastic disorder, and correlates very well with the magnetic resonance imaging features. (orig.)

  18. Focal myositis of the thigh: unusual MR pattern

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Llauger, Jaume; Palmer, Jaume; San Roman, Luis [Department of Radiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona (Spain); Bague, Silvia; Matias-Guiu, Xavier [Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona (Spain); Doncel, Antonio [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona (Spain)

    2002-05-01

    Focal myositis is a commonly referenced, infrequently reported and poorly documented benign inflammatory pseudotumor which may be misdiagnosed clinically as a malignant tumor. We report the clinicopathologic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings in a case of focal myositis in the thigh of a 55-year-old woman. A different radiologic presentation of this disorder is described. The gross appearance of the lesion, previously undescribed, appears to be rather specific for such a pseudoneoplastic disorder, and correlates very well with the magnetic resonance imaging features. (orig.)

  19. Expansion characteristics of coronary stents in focal stenoses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schmidt Wolfram

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The presented experimental in vitro approach was designed to assess the expansion behavior of stent systems in a resistant focal stenosis model with respect to a potential dog-boning effect. Five different stent systems (nominal diameter 3.0 mm were investigated. The focal stenosis was simulated by a stainless steel tube (ID ≤ 1.20 mm. Stent expansion was performed using a proprietary test device consisting of a test chamber with 37 °C water, 2-axis laser scanner and a pressure controller.

  20. Demonstration project on epilepsy in Brazil: outcome assessment Projeto demonstrativo em epilepsia no Brasil: avaliação do desfecho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li M. Li

    2007-06-01

    managers.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado do tratamento de pacientes com epilepsia na atenção básica sob o modelo proposto pelo Projeto Demonstrativo no Brasil, como parte da Campanha Global Contra a Epilepsia da WHO/ILAE/IBE. MÉTODO: Avaliamos o resultado do tratamento nos pacientes acompanhados em quatro unidades básicas de saúde. As equipes de saúde fizeram um treinamento padrão. O resultado do tratamento foi baseado em cinco aspectos: 1 redução da freqüência das crises, 2 percepção subjetiva dos pacientes e dos médicos, 3 redução de absenteísmo, 4 integração social (escola, trabalho, e 5 senso de independência. RESULTADOS: Um total de 181 pacientes (93 mulheres - 51%, com uma média de 38 anos (variando de 2 a 86 anos entraram nesta análise. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 26 meses (variou de 1 a 38 meses, 11 pacientes tinham seguimento menos de 12 meses. A freqüência das crises foi categorizada variando de 0 (sem nenhuma crise nos últimos 24 meses a 7 (>10 crises/dia. O escore mediano da freqüência de crises no começo era de 3 (uma a três crises por mês. O escore mediano da freqüência de crises no final era de 1 (uma a três crises por ano. A opinião dos pacientes e familiares é que a maioria (106 casos houve uma melhora importante na saúde, 34 tiveram pouca melhora, 37 não tiveram mudanças e em quatro houve piora. Em relação ao absenteísmo, integração social e senso de independência houve pouca melhora. DISCUSSÃO: O modelo desenvolvido de tratamento de epilepsia na atenção primária com base na estrutura de saúde existente, com estratégias centradas nos profissionais de saúde e na comunidade, provou ser efetivo com redução importante na freqüência das crises bem como na melhora em geral da saúde. Esse modelo pode ser aplicado em âmbito nacional, pois os elementos chaves já existem, desde que essas estratégias sejam pactuadas com os organismos locais de saúde.

  1. Determination of the paraxial focal length using Zernike polynomials over different apertures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Binkele, Tobias; Hilbig, David; Henning, Thomas; Fleischmann, Friedrich

    2017-02-01

    The paraxial focal length is still the most important parameter in the design of a lens. As presented at the SPIE Optics + Photonics 2016, the measured focal length is a function of the aperture. The paraxial focal length can be found when the aperture approaches zero. In this work, we investigate the dependency of the Zernike polynomials on the aperture size with respect to 3D space. By this, conventional wavefront measurement systems that apply Zernike polynomial fitting (e.g. Shack-Hartmann-Sensor) can be used to determine the paraxial focal length, too. Since the Zernike polynomials are orthogonal over a unit circle, the aperture used in the measurement has to be normalized. By shrinking the aperture and keeping up with the normalization, the Zernike coefficients change. The relation between these changes and the paraxial focal length are investigated. The dependency of the focal length on the aperture size is derived analytically and evaluated by simulation and measurement of a strong focusing lens. The measurements are performed using experimental ray tracing and a Shack-Hartmann-Sensor. Using experimental ray tracing for the measurements, the aperture can be chosen easily. Regarding the measurements with the Shack-Hartmann- Sensor, the aperture size is fixed. Thus, the Zernike polynomials have to be adapted to use different aperture sizes by the proposed method. By doing this, the paraxial focal length can be determined from the measurements in both cases.

  2. Improved image quality for asymmetric double-focal cone-beam SPECT

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cao, Z.J.; Tsui, B.M.W.

    1993-01-01

    To optimize both spatial resolution and detection efficiency in brain SPECT imaging using a rectangular camera, an asymmetric double-focal cone-beam collimator is proposed with the focal points located near the base plane of the patient's head. To fit the entire head into the field-of-view of the collimator with dimensions of 50cmx40cm and at a radius-of-rotation of 15 cm, the focal lengths of the collimator are 55 and 70 cm, respectively, in the transverse and axial directions. With this geometry, the artifacts in the reconstructed image produced by the Feldkamp algorithm are more severe compared to those in a symmetric cone-beam geometry, due to the larger vertex angle between the top of the head and the base plane. To improve the reconstructed image quality, a fully three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithm developed previously for single-focal cone-beam SPECT was extended to the asymmetric double-focal cone-beam geometry. The algorithm involves nonstationary 2D filtering and a reprojection technique for estimation of the missing data caused by a single-orbit cone-beam geometry. The results from simulation studies with the 3D Defrise slab phantom demonstrated that the fully 3D algorithm provided a much improved image quality in terms of reduced slice-to-slice cross talks and shape elongation compared to that produced by the conventional Feldkamp algorithm

  3. Low educational level effects on the performance of healthy adults on a Neuropsychological Protocol suggested by the Commission on Neuropsychology of the Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    dos Santos, Erich Belzunces; Tudesco, Ivanda de Souza Silva; Caboclo, Luis Otávio S F; Yacubian, Elza Márcia T

    2011-10-01

    To assess cognitive measures and impact of education on cognitive performance (CP) of low educational levels healthy adults (LELHA) on a Neuropsychological Protocol (NP) suggested by the Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia. 138 subjects from an Education Program for Adults divided into two, age and gender matched groups of 69 subjects, answered the NP: Group 1 (mean of 6.9 ± 2.95 months of formal education) and Group 2, 47.8 ± 10 months. Data were compared as z-scores. The mean IQ was 77.1 ± 5.50 and 79.4 ± 3.30 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.001). Both performed below the normal curve and Group 1 worse than 2. CP correlated with schooling, especially executive functions (54.1% vs 36.2%) and language (52.9% vs 25.7%). LELHA showed significant cognitive impairment in verbal and visuospatial areas. If these results had been obtained in epilepsy patients they would be interpreted as global cognitive impairment.

  4. CT and ERCP findings of chronic focal pancreatitis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Hee Soo; Lee, Jong Tae; Yoo, Hyung Sik; Kim, Eun Kyeong [Yonsei Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    1996-10-01

    To evaluate the major radiologic features of chronic focal pancreatitis in various imaging studies, with special emphasis on CT and ERCP findings. From 1991 to 1995, twelve patients were pathologically proved to be suffering from focal chronic pancreatitis after pancreatico-duodenectomy;for retrospective evaluation, imaging studies were available for eight(seven men, one woman;mean age 58.9{+-}6.6, range 47 to 67). Clinical, surgical, and radiological findings, including CT(n=8), ultrasound(n=7), ERCP(n=8) and UGI(n=3) were analysed. Seven male patients had suffered from chronic alcoholism for between 20 and 50 years. Serum bilirubin levels were normal in eight patients and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal in seven patients. Serum CA 19-9 levels were normal in all five patients who had undergone preoperative evaluation. Seven patients(87.5%) showed focal enlargement without definable margin on CT, and five of the six lesions detectable on ultrasound(83.3%) were ill defined hypoechoic nodules. Dilated side branches within lesions were seen in five of eight patients(83.3%) on CT and ERCP. Double duct signs were observed in siven(87.5%) patients, and dilated intrahepatic ducts in six(75%), with diameters ranging from 5 to 8mm(average:5.42{+-}1.96mm). The average ratio of pancreatic duct caliber to gland width was 0.33{+-}0.19. None of the patients had calcification within the lesion and one case showed intraductal calcification. None showed perivascular fat obliteration around the superior mesenteric artery or celiac axis. The average biductal distance between abnormal common bile duct and the immediately adjacent pancreatic duct was 4.0{+-}1.15mm. One of three cases who under went a UGI examination showed severe luminal narrowing and mucosal thickening in the second protion of the duodenum, another showed double contour, and the other merely showed widening of the C-loop of the duodenum. Chronic focal pancreatitis mostly demonstrated ill defined focal

  5. CT and ERCP findings of chronic focal pancreatitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Hee Soo; Lee, Jong Tae; Yoo, Hyung Sik; Kim, Eun Kyeong

    1996-01-01

    To evaluate the major radiologic features of chronic focal pancreatitis in various imaging studies, with special emphasis on CT and ERCP findings. From 1991 to 1995, twelve patients were pathologically proved to be suffering from focal chronic pancreatitis after pancreatico-duodenectomy;for retrospective evaluation, imaging studies were available for eight(seven men, one woman;mean age 58.9±6.6, range 47 to 67). Clinical, surgical, and radiological findings, including CT(n=8), ultrasound(n=7), ERCP(n=8) and UGI(n=3) were analysed. Seven male patients had suffered from chronic alcoholism for between 20 and 50 years. Serum bilirubin levels were normal in eight patients and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal in seven patients. Serum CA 19-9 levels were normal in all five patients who had undergone preoperative evaluation. Seven patients(87.5%) showed focal enlargement without definable margin on CT, and five of the six lesions detectable on ultrasound(83.3%) were ill defined hypoechoic nodules. Dilated side branches within lesions were seen in five of eight patients(83.3%) on CT and ERCP. Double duct signs were observed in siven(87.5%) patients, and dilated intrahepatic ducts in six(75%), with diameters ranging from 5 to 8mm(average:5.42±1.96mm). The average ratio of pancreatic duct caliber to gland width was 0.33±0.19. None of the patients had calcification within the lesion and one case showed intraductal calcification. None showed perivascular fat obliteration around the superior mesenteric artery or celiac axis. The average biductal distance between abnormal common bile duct and the immediately adjacent pancreatic duct was 4.0±1.15mm. One of three cases who under went a UGI examination showed severe luminal narrowing and mucosal thickening in the second protion of the duodenum, another showed double contour, and the other merely showed widening of the C-loop of the duodenum. Chronic focal pancreatitis mostly demonstrated ill defined focal enlargement and

  6. [Primary focal dystonia: descriptive study of 205 patients].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bartolomé, F M; Fanjul, S; Cantarero, S; Hernández, J; García Ruiz, P J

    2003-03-01

    To describe the clinical and epidemiologic aspects of different types of focal dystonia. A total of 205 patients with primary focal dystonia were studied retrospectively and the following variables were analyzed: gender, age of onset, age at examination, evolution time, history of trauma, association with other movement disorders, fluctuations of dystonic symptoms as well as a family history of dystonia, Parkinson's disease, tremor, and lefthandedness or stuttering. We compared these variables among the different clinical categories of focal dystonia. Those patients with cranial and laryngeal dystonia were significantly older at the onset of symptoms compared with patients with writer's cramp. Males were more prevalent than females in all categories of focal dystonia except for cranial dystonia. Prior history of trauma and association with tremor were more frequent in patients with cervical dystonia than in those with others dystonic categories. Most patients with cranial, cervical and laryngeal dystonia had fluctuations in the intensity of dystonic symptoms, unlike the patients with writer's cramp. There is a caudo-cranial gradient in age of onset and the age of onset increases as the cranial presentation becomes greater. Females are more prevalent in cranial dystonia and there is a preponderance of males in the dystonias with a lower location. The dystonias with cranial distribution frequently present fluctuations of symptoms during the day. Association with other movement disorders, such as tremor, and prior history of trauma, is common in patients with cervical dystonia.

  7. Quantum-Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) Focal Plane Assembly

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jhabvala, Murzy; Jhabvala, Christine A.; Ewin, Audrey J.; Hess, Larry A.; Hartmann, Thomas M.; La, Anh T.

    2012-01-01

    A paper describes the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), a QWIP-based instrument intended to supplement the Operational Land Imager (OLI) for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). The TIRS instrument is a far-infrared imager operating in the pushbroom mode with two IR channels: 10.8 and 12 microns. The focal plane will contain three 640x512 QWIP arrays mounted on a silicon substrate. The silicon substrate is a custom-fabricated carrier board with a single layer of aluminum interconnects. The general fabrication process starts with a 4-in. (approx.10-cm) diameter silicon wafer. The wafer is oxidized, a single substrate contact is etched, and aluminum is deposited, patterned, and alloyed. This technology development is aimed at incorporating three large-format infrared detecting arrays based on GaAs QWIP technology onto a common focal plane with precision alignment of all three arrays. This focal plane must survive the rigors of flight qualification and operate at a temperature of 43 K (-230 C) for five years while orbiting the Earth. The challenges presented include ensuring thermal compatibility among all the components, designing and building a compact, somewhat modular system and ensuring alignment to very tight levels. The multi-array focal plane integrated onto a single silicon substrate is a new application of both QWIP array development and silicon wafer scale integration. The Invar-based assembly has been tested to ensure thermal reliability.

  8. preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viridiana Vanessa Conzuelo-González

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un estudio transversal (2006-2007, en la comunidad mazahua de San Francisco Tepeolulco, Municipio de Temascalcingo; que incluyó a 85 hogares integrados por preescolares con desnutrición inscritos al programa Oportunidades. Se determinó el estado nutrición de los preescolares con indicadores antropométricos y se obtuvo el IMC de las madres de estos infantes. Se aplicó una encuesta socionutricional, incluida el recordatorio de 24 horas, y complementado con la observación participante (cualitativa. Se encontró que 83% de las madres mazahuas presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. El estado de nutrición de los preescolares con madres con obesidad presentó un porcentaje mayor de desnutrición (76%. En la variable género, se encontró que 54% de los niños con madres con obesidad tenía baja talla. Al relacionar el nivel educativo de la madre, esta variable resultó ser estadísticamente significativa (p=0.015, donde el analfabetismo está más relacionado con la desnutrición infantil que tienen madres de bajo y/o peso normal. La elevada prevalencia de hogares conformados con preescolares con desnutrición y madres con obesidad, es un síntoma más de la pobreza en zonas indígenas en México, con bajo índice de desarrollo humano.

  9. Genetics Home Reference: focal dermal hypoplasia

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... in people with focal dermal hypoplasia is an omphalocele , which is an opening in the wall of ... Dermal Hypoplasia MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ectodermal dysplasia MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Omphalocele General Information from MedlinePlus (5 links) Diagnostic Tests ...

  10. Performance of an Achromatic Focal Plane Mask for Exoplanet Imaging Coronagraphy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Newman, Kevin; Belikov, Ruslan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Wilson, Dan

    2014-01-01

    Coronagraph technology combined with wavefront control is close to achieving the contrast and inner working angle requirements in the lab necessary to observe the faint signal of an Earth-like exoplanet in monochromatic light. An important remaining technological challenge is to achieve high contrast in broadband light. Coronagraph bandwidth is largely limited by chromaticity of the focal plane mask, which is responsible for blocking the stellar PSF. The size of a stellar PSF scales linearly with wavelength; ideally, the size of the focal plane mask would also scale with wavelength. A conventional hard-edge focal plane mask has a fixed size, normally sized for the longest wavelength in the observational band to avoid starlight leakage. The conventional mask is oversized for shorter wavelengths and blocks useful discovery space. Recently we presented a solution to the size chromaticity challenge with a focal plane mask designed to scale its effective size with wavelength. In this paper, we analyze performance of the achromatic size-scaling focal plane mask within a Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph. We present results from wavefront control around the achromatic focal plane mask, and demonstrate the size-scaling effect of the mask with wavelength. The edge of the dark zone, and therefore the inner working angle of the coronagraph, scale with wavelength. The achromatic mask enables operation in a wider band of wavelengths compared with a conventional hard-edge occulter.

  11. Butterfly Wings Are Three-Dimensional: Pupal Cuticle Focal Spots and Their Associated Structures in Junonia Butterflies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taira, Wataru; Otaki, Joji M

    2016-01-01

    Butterfly wing color patterns often contain eyespots, which are developmentally determined at the late larval and early pupal stages by organizing activities of focal cells that can later form eyespot foci. In the pupal stage, the focal position of a future eyespot is often marked by a focal spot, one of the pupal cuticle spots, on the pupal surface. Here, we examined the possible relationships of the pupal focal spots with the underneath pupal wing tissues and with the adult wing eyespots using Junonia butterflies. Large pupal focal spots were found in two species with large adult eyespots, J. orithya and J. almana, whereas only small pupal focal spots were found in a species with small adult eyespots, J. hedonia. The size of five pupal focal spots on a single wing was correlated with the size of the corresponding adult eyespots in J. orithya. A pupal focal spot was a three-dimensional bulge of cuticle surface, and the underside of the major pupal focal spot exhibited a hollowed cuticle in a pupal case. Cross sections of a pupal wing revealed that the cuticle layer shows a curvature at a focal spot, and a positional correlation was observed between the cuticle layer thickness and its corresponding cell layer thickness. Adult major eyespots of J. orithya and J. almana exhibited surface elevations and depressions that approximately correspond to the coloration within an eyespot. Our results suggest that a pupal focal spot is produced by the organizing activity of focal cells underneath the focal spot. Probably because the focal cell layer immediately underneath a focal spot is thicker than that of its surrounding areas, eyespots of adult butterfly wings are three-dimensionally constructed. The color-height relationship in adult eyespots might have an implication in the developmental signaling for determining the eyespot color patterns.

  12. Butterfly Wings Are Three-Dimensional: Pupal Cuticle Focal Spots and Their Associated Structures in Junonia Butterflies.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wataru Taira

    Full Text Available Butterfly wing color patterns often contain eyespots, which are developmentally determined at the late larval and early pupal stages by organizing activities of focal cells that can later form eyespot foci. In the pupal stage, the focal position of a future eyespot is often marked by a focal spot, one of the pupal cuticle spots, on the pupal surface. Here, we examined the possible relationships of the pupal focal spots with the underneath pupal wing tissues and with the adult wing eyespots using Junonia butterflies. Large pupal focal spots were found in two species with large adult eyespots, J. orithya and J. almana, whereas only small pupal focal spots were found in a species with small adult eyespots, J. hedonia. The size of five pupal focal spots on a single wing was correlated with the size of the corresponding adult eyespots in J. orithya. A pupal focal spot was a three-dimensional bulge of cuticle surface, and the underside of the major pupal focal spot exhibited a hollowed cuticle in a pupal case. Cross sections of a pupal wing revealed that the cuticle layer shows a curvature at a focal spot, and a positional correlation was observed between the cuticle layer thickness and its corresponding cell layer thickness. Adult major eyespots of J. orithya and J. almana exhibited surface elevations and depressions that approximately correspond to the coloration within an eyespot. Our results suggest that a pupal focal spot is produced by the organizing activity of focal cells underneath the focal spot. Probably because the focal cell layer immediately underneath a focal spot is thicker than that of its surrounding areas, eyespots of adult butterfly wings are three-dimensionally constructed. The color-height relationship in adult eyespots might have an implication in the developmental signaling for determining the eyespot color patterns.

  13. Focal thyroid incidentalomas identified with whole-body FDG-PET warrant further investigation.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Prichard, R S

    2012-02-01

    Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) whole body positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) detects clinically occult malignancy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and significance of focal thyroid 18F - fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. A retrospective review of all patients who had FDG PET-CT examinations, in a single tertiary referral centre was performed. PET scan findings and the final pathological diagnosis were collated. 2105 scans were reviewed. Focal uptake was identified in 35 (1.66%) patients. Final surgical histology was available on eight patients, which confirmed papillary carcinoma in four (20%) patients and lymphoma and metastatic disease in two patients respectively. This gave an overall malignancy rate in focal thyroid uptake of at least 33%. Thyroid incidentalomas occurred with a frequency of 2.13%, with an associated malignancy rate of at least 33% in focal thyroid uptake. The high malignancy rate associated with focal thyroid uptake mandates further investigation in medically fit patients.

  14. Comunicación entre equipo de enfermería y pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva en una unidad de paciente crítico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noelia Pilar Rojas

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La comunicación se basa en la utilización de herramientas e involucra la interacción recíproca de dos interlocutores. En las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivo (UCI, la aplicación de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI, genera condiciones especiales en el paciente que difi- cultan su comunicación. La ausencia de comunicación entre el equipo de enfermería (EE y los pacientes con VMI es atribuida a múltiples barreras y produce efectos negativos que afectan la recuperación y el bienestar. Objetivo: conocer las características de la comunicación con pacientes con VMI que aplica elementos de la Teoría Fundada para el proceso de análisis y utilizó como técnica de recolecci ón de datos grupos focales de enfermeras y técnicos de enfermería que realizan cuidado directo a pacientes con VMI en una UCI. Método: investigación de diseño cualitativo, orientada por la Teoría Fundada, para el análisis y la asociación de conceptos, que utiliz ó grupos focales como técnica de recolección de la información. Resultados: si bien los hallazgos permiten describir las principales caracte- rísticas de la comunicación con estos pacientes identificando los medios y las formas utilizados por el EE para hacerlo, los mo mentos en que ocurre la comunicación, los beneficios y las barreras percibidas por el grupo de participantes, no se llega a establecer una categoría central con las estructuras y definiciones del proceso dentro de la misma, para lo que se requerirían nuevas investigaciones. Conclusión: a partir de estos hallazgos se espera contribuir al cuerpo de conocimientos de la disciplina de enfermería y fortalecer la gestión del cuidado que realiza el EE en las UCI.

  15. Regional cerebral blood flow in focal cortical epilepsy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hougaard, Kristina Dupont; Oikawa, T; Sveinsdottir, E

    1976-01-01

    Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in ten patients with focal cortical epilepsy. The blood flow was measured by the intra-arterial injection of xenon 133 (133Xe), and the isotope clearance was recorded by a multidetector scintillation camera with 254 detectors. Three patients were....... This finding accords with earlier studies. All nine patients studied in the interictal phase showed, either spontaneously or during activation by intermittent light, focal flow increases in areas presumed to comprise the epileptic focus. These interictal hyperemic foci probably reflect subictal neuronal...

  16. Informes clínicos breves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Facultad de Medicina Revista

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Reversión con nalbufina de la depresión hemodinámica inducida por Fentanyl en pacientes sépticos / Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de epilepsia refractaria, en el Hospital San Juan de Dios / Vasculitis Séptica, factores de riesgo y hallazgos histopatológicas en autopsias / Miastenia Gravis, efectos de la timectomía radical / Luxación anterior habitual de cadera / Disección anatómica del espacio parafaríngeo

  17. Continuous contour phase plates for tailoring the focal plane irradiance profile

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dixit, S.N.; Rushford, M.C.; Thomas, I.M.; Perry, M.D.

    1995-01-01

    We present fully continuous phase screens for producing super-Gaussian focal-plane irradiance profiles. Such phase screens are constructed with the assumption of either circular symmetric near-field and far-field profiles or a separable phase screen in Cartesian co-ordinates. In each case, the phase screen is only a few waves deep. Under illumination by coherent light, such phase screens produce high order super-Gaussian profiles in the focal plane with high energy content effects of beam aberrations on the focal profiles and their energy content are also discussed

  18. Characterization of LIL laser UV focal spot

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mangeant, M.; Dubois, J.L.; Behar, G.; Arroyo, P.; Durand, V.; Lahonde, C.

    2006-01-01

    One way to get the fusion of hydrogen in laboratory consists in heating and compressing a DT fuel capsule by using a laser. To reach this aim requires a new generation of high power laser facility. Cea (French board for atomic energy) is developing for this purpose a new 240 laser line facility, the LMJ facility. The LIL which is the prototype of four LMJ laser lines is operational now. In order to confirm the technical choices, a systematic characterization of LIL was carried out. A particular effort has been provided to measure the 3ω high energy focal spot (1.5 kJ/700 ps and 5 ns for one beam) and the synchronization of laser beams onto the target, which are key issues for the plasma production. An experimental device, SAT-3ω (a 3ω laser focal spot analysis) has been designed to perform these measures. That diagnostic which is located at the end of the laser lines delivered its first results during the 2004 quadruplet qualification campaigns. The near field imaging showed no diaphony and vignetting. Low power spots allowed us to control we had no ghost. The energy measurement quality showed the photometric transfer function was perfectly known. Our caustic image are given with an average dynamic range of 800, a spatial resolution of 10 μm and diameter accuracy about 1% for 50% and 3% for 90% of encircled energy. The high energy focal spot diameters are in agreement with low and very low energy diameters. The phase plate and 14 GHz effects are similar to what we had expected. For a laser shot completed with a continuous phase plate at 14 GHz, and for an energy level of 1.5 kJ per beam at 351 nm, the focal beam diameter at 3% of the peak level is (875 ± 45) μm

  19. Swallowing disorders in patients with blepharospasm Trastornos deglutorios en pacientes con blefaroespasmo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María G. Cersósimo

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary eye closure due to abnormal contraction of orbicular eyelid muscles. When blepharospasm is associated to the presence of involuntary oromandibular movements, it is termed Meige syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of deglutition alterations in patients with concurrent blepharospasm and Meige syndrome. Twenty consecutive patients were studied by video fluoroscopy using a barium technique. The 4 stages of deglutition were investigated. Ninety percent of patients (18 cases presented deglutition disorders. The more commonly found alterations were premature food drop, 15 cases (83% and vallecuale residuals, 14 cases (78%. Sixty seven percent of abnormal findings occurred in the third stage of deglutition. Eighty-nine percent of patients (16 presented more than one swallowing alteration. There was a positive and significant correlation between the number of alterations and patient's age or disease duration. Prevalence of swallowing disorders in the healthy elderly population is reported to be 44%. In our series it reached 90%, suggesting that our findings might be related not only with age but also with a more widespread dystonia exceeding the orofacial muscles.El blefaroespasmo es una distonía focal caracterizada por el cierre involuntario de los ojos debido a la contracción anormal de los músculos orbiculares de los párpados. Cuando el blefaroespasmo se asocia a la presencia de movimientos involuntarios oromandibulares se denomina síndrome de Meige. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la presencia de alteraciones deglutorias en pacientes con blefaroespasmo y síndrome de Meige. Se incluyeron 20 pacientes consecutivos que fueron estudiados mediante vídeo fluoroscopia con técnica de bario. Se investigaron las 4 etapas de la deglución. El 90% de los pacientes (18 casos presentó trastornos en la deglución. Las alteraciones más comúnmente halladas

  20. A case of pathological rib fractures: focal osteolysis or osteoporosis?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vrbanić, T S L; Novak, S; Sestan, B; Tudor, A; Gulan, G

    2008-03-01

    This paper reports on a unique, previously unreported, successful outcome in the case of a patient with focal osteolytic lesions of the ribs as a first sign of osteoporosis. The lesions were detected by chance after acute cough-induced rib fractures were seen on plain chest radiographs. The diagnosis had to be approached as a diagnosis of exclusion since known causes of the osteolytic process had to be eliminated. The authors describe multiple focal osteolytic lesions with rib fractures appearing in a pattern that could be confused with metastases. Laboratory results were normal. Final diagnosis was based on plain radiography, bone scan and bone densitometry. Pharmacomedical treatments for osteoporosis were applied. The patient was observed between the year 2000 and 2005. Five years later radiological and bone scintigraphy revealed resolution of the lesion. We conclude that osteoporosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic focal osteolysis of the ribs with rib fractures as a complication of acute cough. The case suggests that focal osteolytic lesions of the ribs may regress over time and become scintigraphically inactive.

  1. Simulation of the Focal Spot of the Accelerator Bremsstrahlung Radiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sorokin, V.; Bespalov, V.

    2016-06-01

    Testing of thick-walled objects by bremsstrahlung radiation (BR) is primarily performed via high-energy quanta. The testing parameters are specified by the focal spot size of the high-energy bremsstrahlung radiation. In determining the focal spot size, the high- energy BR portion cannot be experimentally separated from the low-energy BR to use high- energy quanta only. The patterns of BR focal spot formation have been investigated via statistical modeling of the radiation transfer in the target material. The distributions of BR quanta emitted by the target for different energies and emission angles under normal distribution of the accelerated electrons bombarding the target have been obtained, and the ratio of the distribution parameters has been determined.

  2. Focal adhesions and cell-matrix interactions

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Woods, A; Couchman, J R

    1988-01-01

    Focal adhesions are areas of cell surfaces where specializations of cytoskeletal, membrane and extracellular components combine to produce stable cell-matrix interactions. The morphology of these adhesions and the components identified in them are discussed together with possible mechanisms...

  3. Radiopneumographic characteristics of focal pneumonia in children

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smirnova, A.A.

    1980-01-01

    Zonal ventilation and blood flow were studied by the radiopneumography method in 50 children of school age with lower-lobe-of-the lung focal pneumonia (26 with left-side and 24 with right-side). It is established that during right-side localization of pneumonic focus preserved was the predomination of ventilation of right lung relative to left. Complete normalization of common and regional indexes of ventilation and blood flow was established by the 21st day from the beginning of treatment during right-side focal pneumonias. In case of left-side localization of pneumonic focus only partial reduction of external respiration and perfusion comes. Therefore, compensatory and reducing capabilities of right lung are preferrable

  4. Análise da escrita de uma criança com Hipomelanose de ITO Análisis de la escritura de un niño con Hipomelanose de ITO Analysis of writing of a child with ITO's Hypomelanosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giselle Massi

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available A hipomelanose de Ito caracteriza-se por manchas hipossegmentadas decorrentes de uma rara alteração na mielinização que pode ocasionar seqüelas neurológicas como déficit cognitivo, macrocelafia e epilepsia. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as características da linguagem escrita de um sujeito portador dessa alteração. Para tanto, nosso estudo se pauta em uma abordagem que toma a linguagem como atividade constitutiva. O resultado de nossas análises demonstrou que a aquisição da escrita do sujeito dessa pesquisa coincide com o processo previsível de desenvolvimento da linguagem, apesar dos déficits neurológicos que ele apresenta.La hipomelanosis de Ito se caracteriza por manchas hipo-segmentadas, decurrentes de una rara alteración que puede ocasionar secuelas neurológicas como el déficit cognitivo, macrocefalia y epilepsia. El objetivo de ese trabajo es analizar las características del lenguaje escrito de un sujeto portador de esa alteración. Para eso, nuestro estudio se orienta en un abordaje que toma el lenguaje como actividad constitutiva. El resultado de nuestros análisis ha demostrado que la adquisición de la escritura del sujeto de esa investigación coincide con el proceso previsible de desarrollo del lenguaje, a pesar de los déficits neurológicos que él presenta.Ito's hypomelanosis is characterized by hyposegmental spots caused by a rare alteration in the melanization that may cause neurological sequences such as cognitive deficiency, macrocephaly and epilepsy. Current analysis bases itself on the approach that considers language as a constitutive activity. Results show that the acquisition of the written language of the subject in current research coincides with the predictable development of the language process in spite of its neurological deficiencies.

  5. Flux dynamics in ultrasensitive superconducting focal planes

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The performance of superconducting focal planes will drive the achievable specifications of ultrasensitive instruments for NASA astrophysics missions, yet they have...

  6. Focal adhesion kinase-dependent focal adhesion recruitment of SH2 domains directs SRC into focal adhesions to regulate cell adhesion and migration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Jui-Chung; Chen, Yu-Chen; Kuo, Chih-Ting; Wenshin Yu, Helen; Chen, Yin-Quan; Chiou, Arthur; Kuo, Jean-Cheng

    2015-12-18

    Directed cell migration requires dynamical control of the protein complex within focal adhesions (FAs) and this control is regulated by signaling events involving tyrosine phosphorylation. We screened the SH2 domains present in tyrosine-specific kinases and phosphatases found within FAs, including SRC, SHP1 and SHP2, and examined whether these enzymes transiently target FAs via their SH2 domains. We found that the SRC_SH2 domain and the SHP2_N-SH2 domain are associated with FAs, but only the SRC_SH2 domain is able to be regulated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The FAK-dependent association of the SRC_SH2 domain is necessary and sufficient for SRC FA targeting. When the targeting of SRC into FAs is inhibited, there is significant suppression of SRC-mediated phosphorylation of paxillin and FAK; this results in an inhibition of FA formation and maturation and a reduction in cell migration. This study reveals an association between FAs and the SRC_SH2 domain as well as between FAs and the SHP2_N-SH2 domains. This supports the hypothesis that the FAK-regulated SRC_SH2 domain plays an important role in directing SRC into FAs and that this SRC-mediated FA signaling drives cell migration.

  7. WE-E-BRE-04: Dual Focal Spot Dose Painting for Precision Preclinical Radiobiological Investigations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stewart, J; Lindsay, P [Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (Canada); University of Toronto, Toronto (Canada); Jaffray, D [Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto (Canada); The Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, Toronto (Canada)

    2014-06-15

    Purpose: Recent progress in small animal radiotherapy systems has provided the foundation for delivering the heterogeneous, millimeter scale dose distributions demanded by preclinical radiobiology investigations. Despite advances in preclinical dose planning, delivery of highly heterogeneous dose distributions is constrained by the fixed collimation systems and large x-ray focal spot common in small animal radiotherapy systems. This work proposes a dual focal spot dose optimization and delivery method with a large x-ray focal spot used to deliver homogeneous dose regions and a small focal spot to paint spatially heterogeneous dose regions. Methods: Two-dimensional dose kernels were measured for a 1 mm circular collimator with radiochromic film at 10 mm depth in a solid water phantom for the small and large x-ray focal spots on a recently developed small animal microirradiator. These kernels were used in an optimization framework which segmented a desired dose distribution into low- and high-spatial frequency regions for delivery by the large and small focal spot, respectively. For each region, the method determined an optimal set of stage positions and beam-on times. The method was demonstrated by optimizing a bullseye pattern consisting of 0.75 mm radius circular target and 0.5 and 1.0 mm wide rings alternating between 0 and 2 Gy. Results: Compared to a large focal spot technique, the dual focal spot technique improved the optimized dose distribution: 69.2% of the optimized dose was within 0.5 Gy of the intended dose for the large focal spot, compared to 80.6% for the dual focal spot method. The dual focal spot design required 14.0 minutes of optimization, and will require 178.3 minutes for automated delivery. Conclusion: The dual focal spot optimization and delivery framework is a novel option for delivering conformal and heterogeneous dose distributions at the preclinical level and provides a new experimental option for unique radiobiological investigations

  8. WE-E-BRE-04: Dual Focal Spot Dose Painting for Precision Preclinical Radiobiological Investigations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stewart, J; Lindsay, P; Jaffray, D

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: Recent progress in small animal radiotherapy systems has provided the foundation for delivering the heterogeneous, millimeter scale dose distributions demanded by preclinical radiobiology investigations. Despite advances in preclinical dose planning, delivery of highly heterogeneous dose distributions is constrained by the fixed collimation systems and large x-ray focal spot common in small animal radiotherapy systems. This work proposes a dual focal spot dose optimization and delivery method with a large x-ray focal spot used to deliver homogeneous dose regions and a small focal spot to paint spatially heterogeneous dose regions. Methods: Two-dimensional dose kernels were measured for a 1 mm circular collimator with radiochromic film at 10 mm depth in a solid water phantom for the small and large x-ray focal spots on a recently developed small animal microirradiator. These kernels were used in an optimization framework which segmented a desired dose distribution into low- and high-spatial frequency regions for delivery by the large and small focal spot, respectively. For each region, the method determined an optimal set of stage positions and beam-on times. The method was demonstrated by optimizing a bullseye pattern consisting of 0.75 mm radius circular target and 0.5 and 1.0 mm wide rings alternating between 0 and 2 Gy. Results: Compared to a large focal spot technique, the dual focal spot technique improved the optimized dose distribution: 69.2% of the optimized dose was within 0.5 Gy of the intended dose for the large focal spot, compared to 80.6% for the dual focal spot method. The dual focal spot design required 14.0 minutes of optimization, and will require 178.3 minutes for automated delivery. Conclusion: The dual focal spot optimization and delivery framework is a novel option for delivering conformal and heterogeneous dose distributions at the preclinical level and provides a new experimental option for unique radiobiological investigations

  9. Production of high energy, uniform focal profiles with the Nike laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lehecka, T.; Lehmberg, R. H.; Deniz, A. V.; Gerber, K. A.; Obenschain, S. P.; Pawley, C. J.; Pronko, M. S.; Sullivan, C. A.

    1995-02-01

    Nike, a KrF laser facility at the Naval Research Laboratory, is designed to produce high intensity, ultra-uniform focal profiles for experiments relating to direct drive inertial confinement fusion. We present measurements of focal profiles through the next-to-last amplifier, a 20 × 20 cm 2 aperture electron beam pumped amplifier capable of producing more than 120 J of output in a 120 ns pulse. Using echelon free induced spatial incoherence beam smoothing this system has produced focal profiles with less than 2% tilt and curvature and less than 2% rms variation from a flat top distribution.

  10. Adult-onset Rasmussen encephalitis associated with focal cortical dysplasia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hohenbichler, Katharina; Lelotte, Julie; Lhommel, Renaud; Tahry, Riëm El; Vrielynck, Pascal; Santos, Susana Ferrao

    2017-12-01

    Rasmussen encephalitis is a rare, devastating condition, typically presenting in childhood. Cases of adult-onset Rasmussen have also been described, but the clinical picture is less defined, rendering final diagnosis difficult. We present a case of adult-onset Rasmussen encephalitis with dual pathology, associated with focal cortical dysplasia and encephalitis. We interpreted the Rasmussen encephalitis to be caused by severe and continuous epileptic activity due to focal cortical dysplasia. The best therapeutic approach for such cases remains unclear.

  11. Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico asociado con ablación por radiofrecuencia de reentrada nodal Ischemic stroke associated with radio frequency ablation for nodal reentry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan C Díaz Martínez

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available La taquicardia por reentrada nodal es la causa más común de taquicardia supraventricular paroxística; en aquellos pacientes en quienes el manejo farmacológico no es efectivo o deseado la ablación por radiofrecuencia es un excelente método terapéutico dada su alta tasa de curación. Aunque en términos generales dichos procedimientos son rápidos y seguros, se han descrito varias complicaciones entre las que sobresale el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 41 años con episodios de taquicardia por reentrada nodal a repetición, que fue llevada a ablación por radiofrecuencia. En el post-operatorio inmediato se evidenció déficit neurológico focal con isquemia en el territorio de la arteria cerebral media derecha, tras lo cual se realizó angiografía con intento de angioplastia y abxicimab y posteriormente infusión local de activador de plasminógeno tisular (rtPA con adecuado resultado clínico y angiográfico.Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia is the most common type of paroxismal supraventricular tachycardia. In those patients in whom drug therapy is not effective or not desired, radio frequency ablation is an excellent therapeutic method. Although overall these procedures are fast and safe, several complications among which ischemic stroke stands out, have been reported. We present the case of a 41 year old female patient with repetitive episodes of tachycardia due to nodal reentry who was treated with radiofrequency ablation. Immediately after the procedure she presented focal neurologic deficit consistent with ischemic stroke in the right medial cerebral artery territory. Angiography with angioplastia and abxicimab was performed and then tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA was locally infused, with appropriate clinical and angiographic outcome.

  12. Focal cryotherapy of localized prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shah, Taimur Tariq; Ahmed, Hashim; Kanthabalan, Abi; Lau, Benjamin; Ghei, Maneesh; Maraj, Barry; Arya, Manit

    2014-11-01

    Radical/whole gland treatment for prostate cancer has significant side-effects. Therefore focal treatments such as cryotherapy have been used to treat localized lesions whilst aiming to provide adequate cancer control with minimal side-effects. We performed a systematic review of Pubmed/Medline and Cochrane databases' to yield 9 papers for primary focal prostate cryotherapy and 2 papers for focal salvage treatment (radio-recurrent). The results of 1582 primary patients showed biochemical disease-free survival between 71-93% at 9-70 months follow-up. Incontinence rates were 0-3.6% and ED 0-42%. Recto-urethral fistula occurred in only 2 patients. Salvage focal cryotherapy had biochemical disease-free survival of 50-68% at 3 years. ED occurred in 60-71%. Focal cryotherapy appears to be an effective treatment for primary localized prostate cancer and compares favorably to radical/whole gland treatments in medium-term oncological outcomes and side-effects. Although more studies are needed it is also effective for radio-recurrent cancer with a low complications rates.

  13. Potencial terapêutico das células-tronco de medula óssea no tratamento da epilepsia Therapeutic potential of bone marrow stem cells in epilepsy treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Julia M. Carrion

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Epilepsia é uma patologia bastante prevalente no nosso meio. Há um número significativo de pacientes que não obtém resposta com a terapêutica medicamentosa, o que motivou a pesquisa de novas terapêuticas. O conceito de neurogênese no cérebro adulto, hoje já amplamente conhecida, principalmente a que ocorre na zona subventricular e na zona subgranular do giro denteado, motivou o desenvolvimeto de técnicas que aproveitassem esse mecanismo na tentativa de obtenção de efeitos antiepileptogênicos e reparadores. A maior parte dos estudos em vigência hoje, e que buscam tal finalidade, trabalha o uso de transplante de células progenitoras neurais ou de células fetais em modelos experimentais. No entanto, a terapêutica com células-tronco de medula óssea parece bastante interessante e promissora. Em doenças neurológicas nas quais os danos são frequentemente irreversíveis, as estratégias regenerativas podem representar um novo caminho. Em nosso laboratório, temos estudado o potencial terapêutico de células-tronco da medula óssea no controle de crises espontâneas recorrentes associadas ao modelo da pilocarpina com resultados excelentes. Também já está em andamento o primeiro estudo em humanos utilizando células-tronco de medula óssea para o tratatamento da epilepsia.Epilepsy is a prevalent pathology. A significative number of patients do not achieve an adequate response to pharmacological therapy. This observation has motivated the search for new strategies. The now well known concept of neurogenesis in the adult brain, in particular in the subventricular and dentate gyrus subgranular zones, has encouraged the development of strategies that might control this mechanism in order to obtain either antiepileptogenic or repair effects. Most studies focus on the transplantation of neural progenitor or fetal cells in experimental models, although bone marrow stem cell therapy is promising. In neurological diseases in which damage

  14. Focal plane for the next generation of earth observation instruments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pranyies, P.; Toubhans, I.; Badoil, B.; Tanguy, F.; Descours, Francis

    2017-09-01

    Sodern is the French focal plane provider for Earth Observation (EO) satellites. Since the 1980's, Sodern has played an active role first in the SPOT program. Within the two-spacecraft constellation Pleiades 1A/1B over the next years, Sodern introduced advanced technologies as Silicon Carbide (SiC) focal plane structure and multispectral strip filters dedicated to multiple-lines detectors.

  15. Magnetic-resonance-guided biopsy of focal liver lesions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, Ethan A. [University of Michigan Health System, Section of Pediatric Radiology, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Grove, Jason J. [University of Michigan Health System, Division of Interventional Radiology, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Der Spek, Abraham F.L.V. [University of Michigan Health System, Department of Anesthesiology, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Jarboe, Marcus D. [University of Michigan Health System, Division of Interventional Radiology, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); University of Michigan Health System, Section of Pediatric Surgery, C.S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

    2017-05-15

    Image-guided biopsy techniques are widely used in clinical practice. Commonly used methods employ either ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) for image guidance. In certain patients, US or CT guidance may be suboptimal, or even impossible, because of artifacts, suboptimal lesion visualization, or both. We recently began performing magnetic resonance (MR)-guided biopsy of focal liver lesions in select pediatric patients with lesions that are not well visualized by US or CT. This report describes our experience performing MR-guided biopsy of focal liver lesions, with case examples to illustrate innovative techniques and novel aspects of these procedures. (orig.)

  16. Cámara CCD Directa con el Telescopio de 2.15 m del CASLEO: algunos diagnósticos

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cellone, S. A.

    Se efectuaron algunas pruebas con la cámara CCD (+ Reductor Focal) instalada en el foco Cassegrain del Telescopio de 2.15 m del Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO). Las conclusiones más significativas son: Los tiempos de exposición efectivos difieren de los nominales en una fracción apreciable de segundo. En exposiciones de menos de 3 segundos, la iluminación no es pareja en todo el detector. En consecuencia, se recomiendan los pasos a seguir por los astrónomos tanto durante la observación como en la reducción de sus datos.

  17. 99mTc-HM-PAO SPECT of epileptic patients showing focal paroxysm on electroencephalography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takaishi, Yasuko; Hashimoto, Kiyoshi; Fujino, Osamu; Kamayachi, Satoshi; Fujita, Takehisa; Enokido, Hisashi; Komatsuzaki, Hideki; Kawakami, Yasuhiko; Hirayama, Tsunenori

    1995-01-01

    The usefulness of 99m Tc-HM-PAO SPECT in diagnosing epilepsy was studied. The subjects were 33 epileptic patients, ranging in age from 5 years and 5 months to 28 years and 3 months, who showed focal paroxysm on electroencephalograms. Lowered accumulation site was found on SPECT in 19 patients. Four patients with abnormal findings on X-ray CT or MRI showed lowered accumulation and focal paroxysm at the same site. Of 29 patients with normal X-ray CT or MRI findings, 15 (52%) showed lowered accumulation. Five patients showed a focal paroxysm at the site of lowered accumulation. In 8 patients the focal paroxysm site was partly coincided with the accumulation site. In some patients the focal site predicted by the findings of clinical symptoms and the lowered accumulation site coincided. SPECT is therefore a useful method in diagnosing a focal site in epilepsy and considered to reflect the severity of disease. (Y.S.)

  18. Measuring the Flatness of Focal Plane for Very Large Mosaic CCD Camera

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hao, Jiangang; Estrada, Juan; Cease, Herman; Diehl, H.Thomas; Flaugher, Brenna L.; Kubik, Donna; Kuk, Keivin; Kuropatkine, Nickolai; Lin, Huan; Montes, Jorge; Scarpine, Vic; /Fermilab

    2010-06-08

    Large mosaic multiCCD camera is the key instrument for modern digital sky survey. DECam is an extremely red sensitive 520 Megapixel camera designed for the incoming Dark Energy Survey (DES). It is consist of sixty two 4k x 2k and twelve 2k x 2k 250-micron thick fully-depleted CCDs, with a focal plane of 44 cm in diameter and a field of view of 2.2 square degree. It will be attached to the Blanco 4-meter telescope at CTIO. The DES will cover 5000 square-degrees of the southern galactic cap in 5 color bands (g, r, i, z, Y) in 5 years starting from 2011. To achieve the science goal of constraining the Dark Energy evolution, stringent requirements are laid down for the design of DECam. Among them, the flatness of the focal plane needs to be controlled within a 60-micron envelope in order to achieve the specified PSF variation limit. It is very challenging to measure the flatness of the focal plane to such precision when it is placed in a high vacuum dewar at 173 K. We developed two image based techniques to measure the flatness of the focal plane. By imaging a regular grid of dots on the focal plane, the CCD offset along the optical axis is converted to the variation the grid spacings at different positions on the focal plane. After extracting the patterns and comparing the change in spacings, we can measure the flatness to high precision. In method 1, the regular dots are kept in high sub micron precision and cover the whole focal plane. In method 2, no high precision for the grid is required. Instead, we use a precise XY stage moves the pattern across the whole focal plane and comparing the variations of the spacing when it is imaged by different CCDs. Simulation and real measurements show that the two methods work very well for our purpose, and are in good agreement with the direct optical measurements.

  19. Focal masses in a non-cirrhotic liver: The additional benefit of CEUS over baseline imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chiorean, L., E-mail: lilichiorean@yahoo.com [Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (China); Med. Klinik 2, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Uhlandstr. 7, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim (Germany); Département d’imagerie médicale, Clinique des Cévennes, 07100 Annonay (France); Cantisani, V., E-mail: vito.cantisani@uniroma1.it [Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Oncologiche, Anatomo-patologiche, Policlinico Umberto I, Univ. Sapienza, Roma (Italy); Jenssen, C., E-mail: C.Jenssen@khmol.de [Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland, Prötzeler Chaussee 5, 15433 Strausberg (Germany); Sidhu, P.S., E-mail: paulsidhu@nhs.net [Department of Radiology, King' s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, England (United Kingdom); Baum, U., E-mail: Ulrich.Baum@ckbm.de [Department of Radiology, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Uhlandstr. 7, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim (Germany); Dietrich, C.F., E-mail: christoph.dietrich@ckbm.de [Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (China); Med. Klinik 2, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Uhlandstr. 7, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim (Germany)

    2015-09-15

    Highlights: • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detection of focal liver lesions. • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in characterization of focal liver lesions. • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions. • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in final diagnosis of focal liver lesions. • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in liver metastases screening. • Roles of cross-sectional imaging techniques for focal liver lesions assessment. • Advantages of contrast-enhanced ultrasound over other imaging procedures. - Abstract: Incidentally detected focal liver lesions are commonly encountered in clinical practice presenting a challenge in the daily department work flow. Guidelines for the management of incidental focal liver lesions have been published but comments, illustrations and recommendations regarding practical issues are crucial. The unique features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in non-invasive assessment of focal liver lesion enhancement throughout the vascular phases in real-time has allowed an impressive improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound. We highlight the additional benefit of contrast-enhanced ultrasound over conventional B-mode ultrasound imaging in detection, characterization, differential and final diagnosis of focal liver lesions, as well as for liver metastases screening. The current roles of cross-sectional imaging are explained in detail, with indications and limitations for each procedure. The advantages of CEUS, such as non-ionizing radiation exposure, cost benefits, non-iodinate contrast agents, and repeatability are also described ultimately improving patient management.

  20. Focal shift and faculae dimension of focused flat beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Jianzhu; Li Youkuan; Zhang Feizhou; An Jianzhu

    2011-01-01

    Through theoretic analysis and numerical simulation,the focal shift of a focused flat beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere is studied. When a focused flat beam propagates in turbulent atmosphere, the effect of turbulence will induce the focal spot to move toward the transmitter. The turbulence is stronger and the diameter of transmitter is smaller, the measure of focal shift is larger. When adjusting the focus of transmitter and letting the focal spot of beam locate on detector, the laser intensity received by detector is not the strongest. The laser intensity will be the strongest if the focus of transmitter equals to the distance from transmitter to detector. (authors)

  1. Collusion through Price Ceilings? In Search of a Focal-Point Effect

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Engelmann, D.; Müller, W.

    2008-01-01

    With this study we resume the search for a collusive focal-point effect of price ceilings in laboratory markets. We argue that market conditions in previous studies were unfavorable for collusion which may have been responsible for not finding such a focal-point effect. Our design aims at maximizing

  2. Collusion through price ceilings? In search of a focal-point effect

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Engelmann, D.; Müller, W.

    2011-01-01

    We resume the search for a collusive focal-point effect of price ceilings in laboratory markets. We argue that market conditions in previous studies were unfavorable for collusion which may have been responsible for not finding such a focal-point effect. Our design aims at maximizing the likelihood

  3. Local cerebral metabolism during partial seizures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Engel, J. Jr.; Kuhl, D.E.; Phelps, M.E.; Rausch, R.; Nuwer, M.

    1983-01-01

    Interictal and ictal fluorodeoxyglucose scans were obtained with positron CT from four patients with spontaneous recurrent partial seizures, one with epilepsia partialis continua, and one with a single partial seizure induced by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus. Ictal metabolic patterns were different for each patient studied. Focal and generalized increased and decreased metabolism were observed. Ictal hypermetabolism may exceed six times the interictal rate and could represent activation of excitatory or inhibitory synapses in the epileptogenic region and its projection fields. Hypometabolism seen on ictal scans most likely reflects postictal depression and may indicate projection fields of inhibited neurons. No quantitative relationship between alterations in metabolism and EEG or behavioral measurements of ictal events could be demonstrated

  4. Local cerebral metabolism during partial seizures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Engel, J. Jr.; Kuhl, D.E.; Phelps, M.E.; Rausch, R.; Nuwer, M.

    1983-04-01

    Interictal and ictal fluorodeoxyglucose scans were obtained with positron CT from four patients with spontaneous recurrent partial seizures, one with epilepsia partialis continua, and one with a single partial seizure induced by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus. Ictal metabolic patterns were different for each patient studied. Focal and generalized increased and decreased metabolism were observed. Ictal hypermetabolism may exceed six times the interictal rate and could represent activation of excitatory or inhibitory synapses in the epileptogenic region and its projection fields. Hypometabolism seen on ictal scans most likely reflects postictal depression and may indicate projection fields of inhibited neurons. No quantitative relationship between alterations in metabolism and EEG or behavioral measurements of ictal events could be demonstrated.

  5. Benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: correlation between clinical, cognitive and EEG aspects Epilepsia benigna da infância com pontas centrotemporais: correlação entre aspectos clínicos, eletrencefalográficos e cognitivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lineu Corrêa Fonseca

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS is a form of epilepsy with no demonstrable anatomical lesion showing spontaneous seizure remission. During the active phase of the disease the children may show cognitive deficits. The objective of this study was to assess, in children with BECTS, the relationship between clinical-EEG aspects and performance in the school performance test (SPT, Raven's progressive matrixes test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III. Forty-two 7 to 11 year old children were included and the following tests carried out: anamnesis, neurological examination, electroencephalogram (EEG, SPT, Raven's test and WISC-III. The children with BECTS had normal IQ values but showed inferior performance in the SPT more frequently than "healthy" children, paired with respect to age and maternal scholastic level. There was moderate positive correlation between WISC-III results and the age when the seizures started and the educational level of the parents. On the other hand, aspects linked to the epileptic nature of BECTS, such as the number of seizures, time since last seizure and the number and lateralization of the centro-temporal spikes on the EEG, showed no correlation with the neuropsychological tests.A epilepsia benigna da infância com pontas centrotemporais (EBICT é uma forma de epilepsia na qual não existem lesões anatômicas demonstráveis e há remissão espontânea das crises. Na fase ativa da epilepsia as crianças podem apresentar déficits cognitivos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em crianças com EBICT, a relação entre aspectos clínico-eletrencefalográficos e o desempenho no teste de desempenho escolar (TDE, no teste das matrizes progressivas de Raven e na Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Crianças (WISC-III. Foram incluídas 42 crianças de 7 a 11 anos de idade. Foram realizados: anamnese, exame neurológico, eletrencefalograma (EEG, TDE, teste de Raven e WISC

  6. [A case of focal epilepsy manifesting multiple psychiatric auras].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ezura, Michinori; Kakisaka, Yosuke; Jin, Kazutaka; Kato, Kazuhiro; Iwasaki, Masaki; Fujikawa, Mayu; Aoki, Masashi; Nakasato, Nobukazu

    2015-01-01

    We present a case of epilepsy with multiple types of focal seizures that were misdiagnosed as psychiatric disorders. A 20-year-old female patient presented with a variety of episodes, including loss of consciousness, deja vu, fear, delusion of possession, violent movements, and generalized convulsions. Each of these symptoms appeared in a stereotypic manner. She was initially diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder and treated with psychoactive medications, which had no effect. Long-term video electroencephalography revealed that her episodes of violent movement with impaired consciousness and secondarily generalized seizure were epileptic events originating in the right hemisphere. High-field brain magnetic resonance imaging for detecting subtle lesions revealed bilateral lesions from periventricular nodular heterotopia. Her final diagnosis was right hemispheric focal epilepsy. Carbamazepine administration was started, which successfully controlled all seizures. The present case demonstrates the pitfall of diagnosing focal epilepsy when it presents with multiple types of psychiatric aura. Epilepsy should thus be included in differential diagnoses, considering the stereotypic nature of symptoms, to avoid misdiagnosis.

  7. Focal hepatic lesions with peripheral eosinophilia: imaging features of various disease

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seo, Joon Beom; Han, Joon Koo; Kim, Tae Kyoung; Choi, Byung Ihn; Han, Man Chung [Seoul National Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Song, Chi Sung [Seoul City Boramae Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    1999-01-01

    Due to the recent advent of various imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as knowledge of the characteristic imaging features of hepatic lesions, radiologic examination plays a major role in the differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions. However, various 'nonspecific' or 'unusual' imaging features of focal hepatic lesions are occasionally encountered, and this makes correct diagnosis difficult. In such a situation, the presence of peripheral eosinophilia helps narrow the differential diagnoses. The aim of this pictorial essay is to describe the imaging features of various disease entities which cause focal hepatic lesions and peripheral eosinophilia.

  8. Evaluación del prelenguaje tras aplicación de programa de estimulación en niños con factores de riesgo perinatales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leydelys Castillo Valdés

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: en la formación del prelenguaje es fundamental la estimulación sensorial que recibe el niño. Objetivo: implementar un programa de estimulación para la prevención y el tratamiento oportuno de los trastornos del lenguaje en niños con factores de riesgo perinatales, de modo que permita un desarrollo adecuado de los elementos básicos de la comunicación oral partiendo de los resultados de la evaluación en cada sub-etapa del prelenguaje. Material y método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo en la consulta de Neurodesarrollo del Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de Pinar del Río, en el período 2010-2011; tomando los datos de la Historia Clínica Logofoniátrica procesados mediante el sistema estadístico InfStat 1.0. El universo estuvo integrado por 183 niños y la muestra por 142 niños que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: en la muestra se presentaron 68 factores de riesgo prenatales, 234 perinatales y 150 neonatales. En la evaluación al finalizar el prelenguaje el 94% de los niños tuvo un desarrollo del lenguaje acorde a su edad, el 4% un desarrollo normal retardado y un 2% se retrasó. Estos presentaron como causa secundaria Curso atípico del desarrollo, Hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral profunda y Epilepsia. Predominó la buena eficacia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: de este estudio se concluye que con la puesta en práctica del programa de estimulación se logró que los niños alcanzaran un desarrollo del lenguaje en correspondencia a su edad, mejorando su calidad de vida.

  9. Impacto del proyecto “Con una botella podemos todos” en instituciones educativas bogotanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gladys Amparo Cárdenas-Frías

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar el impacto, en los ámbitos psico- socio-ambiental, del proyecto Con una botella podemos todos, en dos instituciones educativas distritales de Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cualitativo de carácter descriptivo, fenomenológico. La muestra de 126 participantes (108 estudiantes, 1 docente, 17 estudiantes de enfermería se obtuvo por conveniencia, de tipo no probabilístico. Las variables del estudio se centran en la relacion existente entre lo que piensa, siente y hace la persona o grupo investigado cuando participa y se ve enfrentado en actividades y/o procesos para reciclar y su influencia en el campo ambiental. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó una encuesta de 15 ítems con preguntas abiertas, dirigida a los estudiantes participantes de las dos instituciones, una entrevista de 13 ítems para el docente y los estudiantes de enfermería (grupo focal. Resultados: el plástico es el material de mayor reducción. De 8 a 10 personas reducen el consumo en un 50 %; más del 90 % mostraron una motivación extrínseca que los impulsó a actuar y cuidar el planeta, el medio ambiente y la familia. El 76,85 % del grupo encuestado se sintieron tranquilos, felices y, orgullosos como ciudadanos conscientes. Conclusiones: con los procesos de reciclaje se logra una mejora en la participación colectiva o social, en el entendimiento del otro como persona y en la importancia de realizar acciones individuales con el fin de buscar un bien común.

  10. The Sentinel 4 focal plane subsystem

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hohn, Rüdiger; Skegg, Michael P.; Hermsen, Markus; Hinger, Jürgen; Williges, Christian; Reulke, Ralf

    2017-09-01

    The Sentinel 4 instrument is an imaging spectrometer, developed by Airbus under ESA contract in the frame of the joint European Union (EU)/ESA COPERNICUS program with the objective of monitoring trace gas concentrations. Sentinel 4 will provide accurate measurements of key atmospheric constituents such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, as well as aerosol and cloud properties. Sentinel 4 is unique in being the first geostationary UVN mission. The SENTINEL 4 space segment will be integrated on EUMETSAT's Meteosat Third Generation Sounder satellite (MTG-S). Sentinel 4 will provide coverage of Europe and adjacent regions. The Sentinel 4 instrument comprises as a major element two Focal Plane Subsystems (FPS) covering the wavelength ranges 305 nm to 500 nm (UVVIS) and 750 nm to 775 nm (NIR) respectively. The paper describes the Focal Plane Subsystems, comprising the detectors, the optical bench and the control electronics. Further the design and development approach will be presented as well as first measurement results of FPS Qualification Model.

  11. Focal Colonic FDG Activity with PET/CT: Guidelines for Recommendation of Colonoscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Tianye; Behr, Spencer; Khan, Sana; Osterhoff, Robert; Aparici, Carina Mari

    2015-01-01

    Focal 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) colonic activity can be incidentally seen in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans. Its clinical significance is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of focal FDG activity in PET/CT scans by correlating the imaging findings to colonoscopy results, and come up with some guidelines for recommendation of follow-up colonoscopy. A total of 133 patients who underwent both 18 F-FDG PET/CT for different oncological indications and colonoscopy within 3 months were retrospectively studied. Imaging, colonoscopy and pathology results were analyzed. Of the 133 FDG-PET/CT scans, 109/133 (82%) did not show focal colonic FDG activity, and 24/133 (18%) did. Of the 109/133 PET/CTs without focal colonic FDG activity, 109/109 (100%) did not have evidence of colon cancer after colonoscopy and histology. Of the 24/133 PET/CTs with focal colonic FDG activity, 10/24 (42%) had pathologic confirmation of colon cancer and 14/24 (58%) did not have evidence of colon cancer after colonoscopy and histological analysis. Sensitivity was 10/10 (100%), specificity 109/123 (89%), positive predictive value (PPV) 10/24 (42%) and negative predictive value (NPV) 109/109 (100%). Incidental focal 18 FDG activity in PET/CT imaging shows a high sensitivity, specificity and NPV for malignancy, with a not so high PPV of 42%. Although some people would argue that a 42% chance of malignancy justifies colonoscopy, this maybe is not possible in all cases. However, the high sensitivity of the test does not allow these studies to be overlooked. We provide our recommendations as per when to send patients with focal FDG colonic activity to have further characterization with colonoscopy

  12. Improved detection of focal pneumonia by chest radiography with bone suppression imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Feng; Engelmann, Roger; Pesce, Lorenzo; Armato, Samuel G.; MacMahon, Heber

    2012-01-01

    To evaluate radiologists' ability to detect focal pneumonia by use of standard chest radiographs alone compared with standard plus bone-suppressed chest radiographs. Standard chest radiographs in 36 patients with 46 focal airspace opacities due to pneumonia (10 patients had bilateral opacities) and 20 patients without focal opacities were included in an observer study. A bone suppression image processing system was applied to the 56 radiographs to create corresponding bone suppression images. In the observer study, eight observers, including six attending radiologists and two radiology residents, indicated their confidence level regarding the presence of a focal opacity compatible with pneumonia for each lung, first by use of standard images, then with the addition of bone suppression images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the observers' performance. The mean value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for eight observers was significantly improved from 0.844 with use of standard images alone to 0.880 with standard plus bone suppression images (P < 0.001) based on 46 positive lungs and 66 negative lungs. Use of bone suppression images improved radiologists' performance for detection of focal pneumonia on chest radiographs. (orig.)

  13. Improved detection of focal pneumonia by chest radiography with bone suppression imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Feng; Engelmann, Roger; Pesce, Lorenzo; Armato, Samuel G.; MacMahon, Heber [University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, MC-2026, Chicago, IL (United States)

    2012-12-15

    To evaluate radiologists' ability to detect focal pneumonia by use of standard chest radiographs alone compared with standard plus bone-suppressed chest radiographs. Standard chest radiographs in 36 patients with 46 focal airspace opacities due to pneumonia (10 patients had bilateral opacities) and 20 patients without focal opacities were included in an observer study. A bone suppression image processing system was applied to the 56 radiographs to create corresponding bone suppression images. In the observer study, eight observers, including six attending radiologists and two radiology residents, indicated their confidence level regarding the presence of a focal opacity compatible with pneumonia for each lung, first by use of standard images, then with the addition of bone suppression images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the observers' performance. The mean value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for eight observers was significantly improved from 0.844 with use of standard images alone to 0.880 with standard plus bone suppression images (P < 0.001) based on 46 positive lungs and 66 negative lungs. Use of bone suppression images improved radiologists' performance for detection of focal pneumonia on chest radiographs. (orig.)

  14. Nodular focal fatty infiltration of the liver: CT appearance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baker, M.E.; Silverman, P.M.

    1985-01-01

    Focal fatty infiltration of the liver is a well recognized entity generally characterized by a nonspherical, low-density area without significant mass effect. CT usually distinguishes this from focal liver processes such as abscess or metastasis by its sharply marginated, geographic pattern and lack of mass effect on hepatic and portal veins. Recently, the authors formed a CT scan of the liver in one patient in whom fatty infiltration appeared nodular or rounded. The clinical presentation and radiographic and pathologic features form the basis of this report

  15. The radiological features of Goltz syndrome: Focal dermal hypoplasia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boothyrod, A.E.; Hall, C.M.

    1988-01-01

    Two female infants with Goltz syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia) were recently investigated for severe feeding problems and failure to thrive. Both demonstrated severe skeletal malformations and marked gastrooesophageal reflux with laxity of the hiatus. One child (case 1) exhibited nasal regurgitation during feeding. Interestingly, both children had undergone surgery; Case 1 or a right parasagittal abdominal hernia associated with focal dermal hypoplasia of the abdominal wall and Case 2 for an exomphalos also associated with dermal hypoplasia. This observation suggests more widespread mesodermal abnormality. (orig./GDG)

  16. Idiopathic focal epilepsies: the "lost tribe".

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pal, Deb K; Ferrie, Colin; Addis, Laura; Akiyama, Tomoyuki; Capovilla, Giuseppe; Caraballo, Roberto; de Saint-Martin, Anne; Fejerman, Natalio; Guerrini, Renzo; Hamandi, Khalid; Helbig, Ingo; Ioannides, Andreas A; Kobayashi, Katsuhiro; Lal, Dennis; Lesca, Gaetan; Muhle, Hiltrud; Neubauer, Bernd A; Pisano, Tiziana; Rudolf, Gabrielle; Seegmuller, Caroline; Shibata, Takashi; Smith, Anna; Striano, Pasquale; Strug, Lisa J; Szepetowski, Pierre; Valeta, Thalia; Yoshinaga, Harumi; Koutroumanidis, Michalis

    2016-09-01

    The term idiopathic focal epilepsies of childhood (IFE) is not formally recognised by the ILAE in its 2010 revision (Berg et al., 2010), nor are its members and boundaries precisely delineated. The IFEs are amongst the most commonly encountered epilepsy syndromes affecting children. They are fascinating disorders that hold many "treats" for both clinicians and researchers. For example, the IFEs pose many of the most interesting questions central to epileptology: how are functional brain networks involved in the manifestation of epilepsy? What are the shared mechanisms of comorbidity between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders? How do focal EEG discharges impact cognitive functioning? What explains the age-related expression of these syndromes? Why are EEG discharges and seizures so tightly locked to slow-wave sleep? In the last few decades, the clinical symptomatology and the respective courses of many IFEs have been described, although they are still not widely appreciated beyond the specialist community. Most neurologists would recognise the core syndromes of IFE to comprise: benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes or Rolandic epilepsy (BECTS/RE); Panayiotopoulos syndrome; and the idiopathic occipital epilepsies (Gastaut and photosensitive types). The Landau-Kleffner syndrome and the related (idiopathic) epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves in sleep (CSWS or ESES) are also often included, both as a consequence of the shared morphology of the interictal discharges and their potential evolution from core syndromes, for example, CSWS from BECTS. Atypical benign focal epilepsy of childhood also has shared electro-clinical features warranting inclusion. In addition, a number of less well-defined syndromes of IFE have been proposed, including benign childhood seizures with affective symptoms, benign childhood epilepsy with parietal spikes, benign childhood seizures with frontal or midline spikes, and benign focal seizures of adolescence. The

  17. Dual focal-spot imaging for phase extraction in phase-contrast radiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Donnelly, Edwin F.; Price, Ronald R.; Pickens, David R.

    2003-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate dual focal spot imaging as a method for extracting the phase component from a phase-contrast radiography image. All measurements were performed using a microfocus tungsten-target x-ray tube with an adjustable focal-spot size (0.01 mm to 0.045 mm). For each object, high-resolution digital radiographs were obtained with two different focal spot sizes to produce matched image pairs in which all other geometric variables as well as total exposure and tube kVp were held constant. For each image pair, a phase extraction was performed using pixel-wise division. The phase-extracted image resulted in an image similar to the standard image processing tool commonly referred to as 'unsharp masking' but with the additional edge-enhancement produced by phase-contrast effects. The phase-extracted image illustrates the differences between the two images whose imaging parameters differ only in focal spot size. The resulting image shows effects from both phase contrast as well as geometric unsharpness. In weakly attenuating materials the phase-contrast effect predominates, while in strongly attenuating materials the phase effects are so small that they are not detectable. The phase-extracted image in the strongly attenuating object reflects differences in geometric unsharpness. The degree of phase extraction depends strongly on the size of the smallest focal spot used. This technique of dual-focal spot phase-contrast radiography provides a simple technique for phase-component (edge) extraction in phase-contrast radiography. In strongly attenuating materials the phase-component is overwhelmed by differences in geometric unsharpness. In these cases the technique provides a form of unsharp masking which also accentuates the edges. Thus, the two effects are complimentary and may be useful in the detection of small objects

  18. Clinical Significance of Focal Breast Lesions Incidentally Identified by 18F-FDG PET/CT

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cho, Young Seok; Choi, Joon Young; Lee, Su Jin; Hyun, Seung Hyup; Lee, Ji Young; Choi, Yong; Choe, Yearn Seong; Lee, Kyung Han; Kim, Byung Tae

    2008-01-01

    We evaluated the incidence and malignant risk of focal breast lesions incidentally detected by 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Various PET/CT findings of the breast lesions were also analyzed to improve the differentiation between benign from malignant focal breast lesions. The subjects were 3,768 consecutive 18 F-FDG PET/CT exams performed in adult females without a history of breast cancer. A focal breast lesion was defined as a focal 18 F-FDG uptake or a focal nodular lesion on CT image irrespective of 18 F-FDG uptake in the breasts. The maximum SUV and CT pattern of focal breast lesions were evaluated, and were compared with final diagnosis. The incidence of focal breast lesions on PET/CT in adult female subjects was 1.4% (58 lesions in 53 subjects). In finally confirmed 53 lesions of 48 subjects, 11 lesions of 8 subjects (20.8%) were proven to be malignant. When the PET/CT patterns suggesting benignancy (maximum attenuation value > 75 HU or 20) were added as diagnostic criteria of PET/CT to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions along with maximum SUV, the area under ROC curve of PET/CT was significantly increased compared with maximum SUV alone (0.680±0.093 vs. 0.786±0.076, p 18 F-FDG PET/CT is not low, deserving further diagnostic confirmation. Image interpretation considering both 18 F-FDG uptake and PET/CT pattern may be helpful to improve the differentiation from malignant and benign focal breast lesion

  19. Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy initially responsive to phenobarbital Epilepsia por dependência de piridoxina inicialmente responsiva ao fenobarbital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Lin

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a rare autossomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that are not controlled by anticonvulsant medications but remits after administration of pyridoxine. We report on a 30 day-old girl who presented with seizures during the first day of life, initially responsive to anticonvulsant therapy, which remitted within two weeks. Seizures were characterized as multifocal myoclonic jerks of upper and lower limbs associated with buccal-lingual oral movements and eyelid blinking. Laboratory and neuroimaging studies were normal. Electroencephalographic record demonstrated a abnormal background activity with high-voltage epileptic discharges and a burst-suppression pattern. The seizures ceased after oral administration of pyridoxine, but recurred after withdrawal, confirming the diagnosis.A epilepsia por dependência de piridoxina é uma doença autossômica recessiva rara caracterizada por crises recorrentes refratárias a tratamento medicamentoso, mas que remitem após a administração de piridoxina. Relatamos o caso de menina de 30 dias de vida que iniciou crises convulsivas desde o primeiro dia de vida, inicialmente responsivas a tratamento com drogas anticonvulsivantes, mas que reiniciaram após a segunda semana de vida. As crises eram caracterizadas por movimentos clônicos erráticos de membros superiores e inferiores associados a movimentos oromandibulares e piscamentos. Exames laboratoriais e de neuroimagem foram normais. O exame eletrencefalográfico evidenciou atividade de base desorganizada com descargas epilépticas de alta voltagem associadas a um padrão de surto-supressão. As crises cessaram após a administração de piridoxina e recorreram após a sua retirada, confirmando o diagnóstico.

  20. Mutations in KCNT1 cause a spectrum of focal epilepsies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Møller, Rikke S.; Heron, Sarah E.; Larsen, Line H. G.; Lim, Chiao Xin; Ricos, Michael G.; Bayly, Marta A.; van Kempen, Marjan J. A.; Klinkenberg, Sylvia; Andrews, Ian; Kelley, Kent; Ronen, Gabriel M.; Callen, David; McMahon, Jacinta M.; Yendle, Simone C.; Carvill, Gemma L.; Mefford, Heather C.; Nabbout, Rima; Poduri, Annapurna; Striano, Pasquale; Baglietto, Maria G.; Zara, Federico; Smith, Nicholas J.; Pridmore, Clair; Gardella, Elena; Nikanorova, Marina; Dahl, Hans Atli; Gellert, Pia; Scheffer, Ingrid E.; Gunning, Boudewijn; Kragh-Olsen, Bente; Dibbens, Leanne M.

    2018-01-01

    Summary Autosomal dominant mutations in the sodium-gated potassium channel subunit gene KCNT1 have been associated with two distinct seizure syndromes, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) and malignant migrating focal seizures of infancy (MMFSI). To further explore the phenotypic spectrum associated with KCNT1, we examined individuals affected with focal epilepsy or an epileptic encephalopathy for mutations in the gene. We identified KCNT1 mutations in 12 previously unreported patients with focal epilepsy, multifocal epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, and in a family with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), in addition to patients with NFLE and MMFSI. In contrast to the 100% penetrance so far reported for KCNT1 mutations, we observed incomplete penetrance. It is notable that we report that the one KCNT1 mutation, p.Arg398Gln, can lead to either of the two distinct phenotypes, ADNFLE or MMFSI, even within the same family. This indicates that genotype–phenotype relationships for KCNT1 mutations are not straightforward. We demonstrate that KCNT1 mutations are highly pleiotropic and are associated with phenotypes other than ADNFLE and MMFSI. KCNT1 mutations are now associated with Ohtahara syndrome, MMFSI, and nocturnal focal epilepsy. They may also be associated with multifocal epilepsy and cardiac disturbances. PMID:26122718

  1. Focal Therapy: Patients, Interventions, and Outcomes—A Report from a Consensus Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Donaldson, Ian A.; Alonzi, Roberto; Barratt, Dean; Barret, Eric; Berge, Viktor; Bott, Simon; Bottomley, David; Eggener, Scott; Ehdaie, Behfar; Emberton, Mark; Hindley, Richard; Leslie, Tom; Miners, Alec; McCartan, Neil; Moore, Caroline M.; Pinto, Peter; Polascik, Thomas J.; Simmons, Lucy; van der Meulen, Jan; Villers, Arnauld; Willis, Sarah; Ahmed, Hashim U.

    2015-01-01

    Background Focal therapy as a treatment option for localized prostate cancer (PCa) is an increasingly popular and rapidly evolving field. Objective To gather expert opinion on patient selection, interventions, and meaningful outcome measures for focal therapy in clinical practice and trial design. Design, setting, and participants Fifteen experts in focal therapy followed a modified two-stage RAND/University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Appropriateness Methodology process. All participants independently scored 246 statements prior to rescoring at a face-to-face meeting. The meeting occurred in June 2013 at the Royal Society of Medicine, London, supported by the Wellcome Trust and the UK Department of Health. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Agreement, disagreement, or uncertainty were calculated as the median panel score. Consensus was derived from the interpercentile range adjusted for symmetry level. Results and limitations Of 246 statements, 154 (63%) reached consensus. Items of agreement included the following: patients with intermediate risk and patients with unifocal and multifocal PCa are eligible for focal treatment; magnetic resonance imaging–targeted or template-mapping biopsy should be used to plan treatment; planned treatment margins should be 5 mm from the known tumor; prostate volume or age should not be a primary determinant of eligibility; foci of indolent cancer can be left untreated when treating the dominant index lesion; histologic outcomes should be defined by targeted biopsy at 1 yr; residual disease in the treated area of ≤3 mm of Gleason 3 + 3 did not need further treatment; and focal retreatment rates of ≤20% should be considered clinically acceptable but subsequent whole-gland therapy deemed a failure of focal therapy. All statements are expert opinion and therefore constitute level 5 evidence and may not reflect wider clinical consensus. Conclusions The landscape of PCa treatment is rapidly evolving with new

  2. US and CT findings in splenic focal lesions in AIDS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schinina, V.; Rizzi, E.B.; Mazzuoli, G.; Bibbolilno, C.; David, V.

    2000-01-01

    To evaluate the role of US and CT in focal splenic lesions in AIDS patients in relation to etiology. Material and Methods: A total of 66 patients with AIDS and focal splenic lesions were examined with sonography. CT with administration of contrast medium was performed in 12 cases. Results: Of the focal splenic lesions, 67% were correlated with an infective pathology with prevalence of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (75%), 26% were neoplastic and 6% splenic infarcts. The lesions were hypoechoic in 60% of the cases, while 10% were hypoanechoic and 1% anechoic. At CT, all lesions appeared hypodense, even after i.v. administration of contrast medium. Conclusion: The combination of echographic reports and clinical and laboratory data allows for a diagnosis that can be confirmed, and making a decision for effective therapy of AIDS is possible. CT does not provide any additional information

  3. Gestión del tiempo en alumnado universitario con diferentes niveles de rendimiento académico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Garzón Umerenkova

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumen En este trabajo se estudia la relación entre gestión del tiempo y rendimiento académico en el alumnado universitario. La hipótesis de partida es que los estudiantes con alto nivel de habilidades en gestión del tiempo obtienen mejores resultados de aprendizaje. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 494 estudiantes universitarios de primer año, en dos universidades colombianas. A esta muestra se administró una adaptación al español del Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ, y se recogieron datos sobre las calificaciones académicas en su primer año en la universidad. De manera complementaria, se han celebrado cuatro grupos focales con alumnado de bajo y alto nivel de rendimiento, accediendo a sus experiencias, opiniones y valoraciones en relación con la gestión del tiempo. Los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de una cierta relación positiva entre las dos variables analizadas, en línea con los hallazgos de estudios previos. Al comparar la gestión del tiempo entre subgrupos de estudiantes que alcanzan las mejores y peores calificaciones, se observan diferencias a favor de los primeros, particularmente en la sub-escala relativa a sus percepciones sobre el control del tiempo. Los discursos de grupo reflejan también mejores conductas autorregulatorias en el manejo del tiempo por parte del alumnado de alto nivel de rendimiento. De acuerdo con estos resultados, se hacen recomendaciones sobre el entrenamiento del alumnado universitario de primer año en estrategias para la gestión del tiempo.

  4. MRI in assessing children with learning disability, focal findings, and reduced automaticity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Urion, David K; Huff, Hanalise V; Carullo, Maria Paulina

    2015-08-18

    In children with clinically diagnosed learning disabilities with focal findings on neurologic or neuropsychological evaluations, there is a hypothesized association between disorders in automaticity and focal structural abnormalities observed in brain MRIs. We undertook a retrospective analysis of cases referred to a tertiary-hospital-based learning disabilities program. Individuals were coded as having a focal deficit if either neurologic or neuropsychological evaluation demonstrated focal dysfunction. Those with abnormal MRI findings were categorized based on findings. Children with abnormalities from each of these categories were compared in terms of deficits in automaticity, as measured by the tasks of Rapid Automatized Naming, Rapid Alternating Stimulus Naming, or the timed motor performance battery from the Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs. Data were compared in children with and without disorders of automaticity regarding type of brain structure abnormality. Of the 1,587 children evaluated, 127 had a focal deficit. Eighty-seven had a brain MRI (52 on 1.5-tesla machines and 35 on 3.0-tesla machines). Forty of these images were found to be abnormal. These children were compared with a clinic sample of 150 patients with learning disabilities and no focal findings on examination, who also had undergone MRI. Only 5 of the latter group had abnormalities on MRI. Reduced verbal automaticity was associated with cerebellar abnormalities, whereas reduced automaticity on motor or motor and verbal tasks was associated with white matter abnormalities. Reduced automaticity of retrieval and slow timed motor performance appear to be highly associated with MRI findings. © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.

  5. Low educational level effects on the performance of healthy adults on a Neuropsychological Protocol suggested by the Commission on Neuropsychology of the Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erich Belzunces dos Santos

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess cognitive measures and impact of education on cognitive performance (CP of low educational levels healthy adults (LELHA on a Neuropsychological Protocol (NP suggested by the Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia. METHOD: 138 subjects from an Education Program for Adults divided into two, age and gender matched groups of 69 subjects, answered the NP: Group 1 (mean of 6.9±2.95 months of formal education and Group 2, 47.8±10 months. Data were compared as z-scores. RESULTS: The mean IQ was 77.1±5.50 and 79.4±3.30 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.001. Both performed below the normal curve and Group 1 worse than 2. CP correlated with schooling, especially executive functions (54.1% vs 36.2% and language (52.9% vs 25.7%. CONCLUSION: LELHA showed significant cognitive impairment in verbal and visuospatial areas. If these results had been obtained in epilepsy patients they would be interpreted as global cognitive impairment.

  6. X-ray tube focal spot sizes: comprehensive studies of their measurement and effect of measured size in angiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Doi, K.; Loo, L.N.; Chan, H.P.

    1982-01-01

    Thirty-two focal spot sizes of four x-ray tubes were measured by the pinhole, star pattern, slit, and root-mean-square (RMS) methods under various exposure conditions. The modulation transfer functions (MTFs) and line spread functions (LSFs) were also determined. The star pattern focal spot sizes agreed with the effective sizes calculated from the frequencies at the first minimum of the MTF within 0.04 mm for large focal spots and within 0.01 mm for small focal spots. The focal spot size determined by the slit method was approximately equal to the width of the LSF at the cutoff level of 0.15 +/- 0.06 of the peak value. The RMS method provided the best correlation between the measured focal spot sizes and the corresponding image distributions of blood vessels. The pinhole and slit methods tended to overestimate the focal spot size, but the star pattern method tended to underestimate it. For approximately 90% of the focal spots, the average of the star and slit (or pinhole) focal spot sizes agreed with the RMS focal spot size within +/- 0.1 mm

  7. Focal plane scanner with reciprocating spatial window

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mao, Chengye (Inventor)

    2000-01-01

    A focal plane scanner having a front objective lens, a spatial window for selectively passing a portion of the image therethrough, and a CCD array for receiving the passed portion of the image. All embodiments have a common feature whereby the spatial window and CCD array are mounted for simultaneous relative reciprocating movement with respect to the front objective lens, and the spatial window is mounted within the focal plane of the front objective. In a first embodiment, the spatial window is a slit and the CCD array is one-dimensional, and successive rows of the image in the focal plane of the front objective lens are passed to the CCD array by an image relay lens interposed between the slit and the CCD array. In a second embodiment, the spatial window is a slit, the CCD array is two-dimensional, and a prism-grating-prism optical spectrometer is interposed between the slit and the CCD array so as to cause the scanned row to be split into a plurality of spectral separations onto the CCD array. In a third embodiment, the CCD array is two-dimensional and the spatial window is a rectangular linear variable filter (LVF) window, so as to cause the scanned rows impinging on the LVF to be bandpass filtered into spectral components onto the CCD array through an image relay lens interposed between the LVF and the CCD array.

  8. Evaluation of focused ultrasound algorithms: Issues for reducing pre-focal heating and treatment time.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yiannakou, Marinos; Trimikliniotis, Michael; Yiallouras, Christos; Damianou, Christakis

    2016-02-01

    Due to the heating in the pre-focal field the delay between successive movements in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are sometimes as long as 60s, resulting to treatment time in the order of 2-3h. Because there is generally a requirement to reduce treatment time, we were motivated to explore alternative transducer motion algorithms in order to reduce pre-focal heating and treatment time. A 1 MHz single element transducer with 4 cm diameter and 10 cm focal length was used. A simulation model was developed that estimates the temperature, thermal dose and lesion development in the pre-focal field. The simulated temperature history that was combined with the motion algorithms produced thermal maps in the pre-focal region. Polyacrylimde gel phantom was used to evaluate the induced pre-focal heating for each motion algorithm used, and also was used to assess the accuracy of the simulation model. Three out of the six algorithms having successive steps close to each other, exhibited severe heating in the pre-focal field. Minimal heating was produced with the algorithms having successive steps apart from each other (square, square spiral and random). The last three algorithms were improved further (with small cost in time), thus eliminating completely the pre-focal heating and reducing substantially the treatment time as compared to traditional algorithms. Out of the six algorithms, 3 were successful in eliminating the pre-focal heating completely. Because these 3 algorithms required no delay between successive movements (except in the last part of the motion), the treatment time was reduced by 93%. Therefore, it will be possible in the future, to achieve treatment time of focused ultrasound therapies shorter than 30 min. The rate of ablated volume achieved with one of the proposed algorithms was 71 cm(3)/h. The intention of this pilot study was to demonstrate that the navigation algorithms play the most important role in reducing pre-focal heating. By evaluating in

  9. ADAMTS9-Regulated Pericellular Matrix Dynamics Governs Focal Adhesion-Dependent Smooth Muscle Differentiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Timothy J. Mead

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Summary: Focal adhesions anchor cells to extracellular matrix (ECM and direct assembly of a pre-stressed actin cytoskeleton. They act as a cellular sensor and regulator, linking ECM to the nucleus. Here, we identify proteolytic turnover of the anti-adhesive proteoglycan versican as a requirement for maintenance of smooth muscle cell (SMC focal adhesions. Using conditional deletion in mice, we show that ADAMTS9, a secreted metalloprotease, is required for myometrial activation during late gestation and for parturition. Through knockdown of ADAMTS9 in uterine SMC, and manipulation of pericellular versican via knockdown or proteolysis, we demonstrate that regulated pericellular matrix dynamics is essential for focal adhesion maintenance. By influencing focal adhesion formation, pericellular versican acts upstream of cytoskeletal assembly and SMC differentiation. Thus, pericellular versican proteolysis by ADAMTS9 balances pro- and anti-adhesive forces to maintain an SMC phenotype, providing a concrete example of the dynamic reciprocity of cells and their ECM. : Mead et al. identify a proteolytic mechanism that actively maintains a pericellular microenvironment conducive to uterine smooth muscle activation prior to parturition. They show that pericellular matrix proteolysis by the secreted metalloprotease ADAMTS9 is crucial for maintenance of focal adhesions in uterine smooth muscle cells, and its absence impairs parturition. Keywords: metalloprotease, extracellular matrix, smooth muscle, proteoglycan, myometrium, parturition, uterus, focal adhesion, proteolysis, interference reflection microscopy

  10. Epilepsia mioclônica progressiva: aspectos clínicos, poligráficos e histopatológicos de um caso Progressive myoclonic epilepsy: clinical, polygraphic and histopathological aspects. A case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Luiz Sanvito

    1973-06-01

    Full Text Available É relatado um caso caracterizado clinicamente por crises mioclônicas, crises convulsivas do tipo grande mal e rebaixamento mental progressivo. O estudo histo-patológico revelou a presença de corpúsculos intracitoplasmáticos no sistema nervoso central, com as características dos corpúsculos de Lafora. São feitas considerações clínicas, poligráficas, histopatológicas e etiopatogênicas a propósito da epilepsia mioclônica progressiva.A case with myoclonic jerks, grand mal convulsions and progressive mental retardation is reported. The patient died after 4 years and 10 months of disease, and a sister began with similar simptomatology at this time. By histopathological study there were found intracitoplasmatic bodies in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebelum and myocardium. Some considerations are made about clinical, polygraphic histological and etiopathogenic aspects.

  11. The Power of Poincar\\'e: Elucidating the Hidden Symmetries in Focal Conic Domains

    OpenAIRE

    Alexander, Gareth P.; Chen, Bryan Gin-ge; Matsumoto, Elisabetta A.; Kamien, Randall D.

    2010-01-01

    Focal conic domains are typically the "smoking gun" by which smectic liquid crystalline phases are identified. The geometry of the equally-spaced smectic layers is highly generic but, at the same time, difficult to work with. In this Letter we develop an approach to the study of focal sets in smectics which exploits a hidden Poincar\\'e symmetry revealed only by viewing the smectic layers as projections from one-higher dimension. We use this perspective to shed light upon several classic focal...

  12. A Micro-Thermal Sensor for Focal Therapy Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Natesan, Harishankar; Hodges, Wyatt; Choi, Jeunghwan; Lubner, Sean; Dames, Chris; Bischof, John

    2016-02-01

    There is an urgent need for sensors deployed during focal therapies to inform treatment planning and in vivo monitoring in thin tissues. Specifically, the measurement of thermal properties, cooling surface contact, tissue thickness, blood flow and phase change with mm to sub mm accuracy are needed. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that a micro-thermal sensor based on the supported “3ω” technique can achieve this in vitro under idealized conditions in 0.5 to 2 mm thick tissues relevant to cryoablation of the pulmonary vein (PV). To begin with “3ω” sensors were microfabricated onto flat glass as an idealization of a focal probe surface. The sensor was then used to make new measurements of ‘k’ (W/m.K) of porcine PV, esophagus, and phrenic nerve, all needed for PV cryoabalation treatment planning. Further, by modifying the sensor use from traditional to dynamic mode new measurements related to tissue vs. fluid (i.e. water) contact, fluid flow conditions, tissue thickness, and phase change were made. In summary, the in vitro idealized system data presented is promising and warrants future work to integrate and test supported “3ω” sensors on in vivo deployed focal therapy probe surfaces (i.e. balloons or catheters).

  13. Role of scintigraphy in focally abnormal sonograms of fatty livers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lisbona, R.; Mishkin, S.; Derbekyan, V.; Novales-Diaz, J.A.; Roy, A.; Sanders, L.

    1988-01-01

    Fatty infiltration of the liver may cause a range of focal abnormalities on hepatic sonography which may simulate hepatic nodular lesions. Discrete deposits of fat or islands of normal tissue which are uninvolved by fatty infiltration may stand out as potential space-occupying lesions on the sonograms. Twelve patients with such focally abnormal ultrasound images were referred for liver scintigraphy with 133 Xe and /sup 99m/Tc colloidal SPECT studies to clarify the issue. These examinations helped identify, in nine of 12 patients, the innocent nature of the sonographic abnormalities which were simply related to the fat deposition process. Further, [/sup 99m/Tc]RBC scans defined the additional pathologic process in three patients in whom actual space-occupying lesions were indeed present in the liver. Scintigraphy has an important role to play in the understanding of focal hepatic ultrasound abnormalities particularly in unsuspected hepatic steatosis

  14. Role of scintigraphy in focally abnormal sonograms of fatty livers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lisbona, R.; Mishkin, S.; Derbekyan, V.; Novales-Diaz, J.A.; Roy, A.; Sanders, L.

    1988-06-01

    Fatty infiltration of the liver may cause a range of focal abnormalities on hepatic sonography which may simulate hepatic nodular lesions. Discrete deposits of fat or islands of normal tissue which are uninvolved by fatty infiltration may stand out as potential space-occupying lesions on the sonograms. Twelve patients with such focally abnormal ultrasound images were referred for liver scintigraphy with /sup 133/Xe and /sup 99m/Tc colloidal SPECT studies to clarify the issue. These examinations helped identify, in nine of 12 patients, the innocent nature of the sonographic abnormalities which were simply related to the fat deposition process. Further, (/sup 99m/Tc)RBC scans defined the additional pathologic process in three patients in whom actual space-occupying lesions were indeed present in the liver. Scintigraphy has an important role to play in the understanding of focal hepatic ultrasound abnormalities particularly in unsuspected hepatic steatosis.

  15. The role of executive functioning in memory performance in pediatric focal epilepsy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sepeta, Leigh N.; Casaletto, Kaitlin Blackstone; Terwilliger, Virginia; Facella-Ervolini, Joy; Sady, Maegan; Mayo, Jessica; Gaillard, William D.; Berl, Madison M.

    2016-01-01

    Objective Learning and memory are essential for academic success and everyday functioning, but the pattern of memory skills and its relationship to executive functioning in children with focal epilepsy is not fully delineated. We address a gap in the literature by examining the relationship between memory and executive functioning in a pediatric focal epilepsy population. Methods Seventy children with focal epilepsy and 70 typically developing children matched on age, intellectual functioning, and gender underwent neuropsychological assessment, including measures of intelligence (WASI/DAS), as well as visual (CMS Dot Locations) and verbal episodic memory (WRAML Story Memory and CVLT-C). Executive functioning was measured directly (WISC-IV Digit Span Backward; CELF-IV Recalling Sentences) and by parent report (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)). Results Children with focal epilepsy had lower delayed free recall scores than controls across visual and verbal memory tasks (p = 0.02; partial η2 = .12). In contrast, recognition memory performance was similar for patients and controls (p = 0.36; partial η2 = .03). Children with focal epilepsy demonstrated difficulties in working memory (p = 0.02; partial η2 = .08) and planning/organization (p = 0.02) compared to controls. Working memory predicted 9–19% of the variance in delayed free recall for verbal and visual memory; organization predicted 9–10% of the variance in verbal memory. Patients with both left and right focal epilepsy demonstrated more difficulty on verbal versus visual tasks (p = 0.002). Memory performance did not differ by location of seizure foci (temporal vs. extra-temporal, frontal vs. extra-frontal). Significance Children with focal epilepsy demonstrated memory ability within age-level expectations, but delayed free recall was inefficient compared to typically developing controls. Memory difficulties were not related to general cognitive impairment or seizure localization

  16. Electrophysiological and pathological study of focal cortical dysplasia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hodozuka, Akira; Hashizume, Kiyotaka; Hayashi, Yoshimitsu; Tanaka, Tatsuya

    2008-01-01

    Clinical and experimental studies on focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) were carried out. For the experimental study, an experimental FCD model of rats was developed. Twenty Wistar rats at 0-2 days after birth were used for the study. Kainic acid (KA) solution was injected stereotaxically into medial and lateral sites of the sensori-motor cortex. Bipolar electrodes were inserted. The behavior of the rats and electroencephalography (EEG) were recorded using a digital video-EEG monitoring system. After observation periods of 1, 2 and 6 months, the rats were perfused for pathological study. FCD was observed adjacent to the site of KA injection in all rats more than one month after the injection. EEG recording demonstrated focal spike discharges in and around the site of injection. However, clinical seizure was not observed. Pathological studies showed decrease in gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors and increase in GABA-B receptors not only in the lesion but also in perilesional areas. Fifteen surgical cases of FCD with intractable epilepsy were included in the clinical study. Neuro-imaging studies including high-resolution MRI and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed. Conventional EEG studies demonstrated focal EEG abnormalities with epileptic phenomena. At surgery, intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) was performed in order to localize epileptic foci under neuroleptanalgesia. Fourteen patients showed epileptiform discharges on preresection ECoG. All foci in non-eloquent areas were resected. Pathological studies including immunohistochemical staining were performed, and characteristics of the FCD in relation to EEG findings were analyzed. Electrophysiological examination revealed epileptogenecity not only in the lesions but also in perilesional areas. In the lesions, immunohistochemical studies showed decrease in GABA-A receptors and increase in GABA-B receptors in both the lesions and perilesional areas, but N

  17. Influencia de las acuaporinas en la génesis de múltiples enfermedades

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Padrón, Damaris; Carrera Iset, María Ivonne; Pérez Leyva, Ernesto; López Pereira, Liset; Hernández García, Annalia; Silva Velazco, Edilio

    2014-01-01

    Las acuaporinas son una familia de proteínas que forman los canales de agua de la membrana. Están involucradas en una gran variedad de funciones fisiológicas y enfermedades humanas como el glaucoma, cáncer, epilepsia, obesidad entre otras. El descubrimiento de las acuaporinas cambia el panorama con respecto a la comprensión del transporte de agua en las membranas biológicas y a la naturaleza de las proteínas transportadoras en general, porque su estudio demuestra que existen canales en las me...

  18. Pathogenesis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beom Jin Lim

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS is characterized by focal and segmental obliteration of glomerular capillary tufts with increased matrix. FSGS is classified as collapsing, tip, cellular, perihilar and not otherwise specified variants according to the location and character of the sclerotic lesion. Primary or idiopathic FSGS is considered to be related to podocyte injury, and the pathogenesis of podocyte injury has been actively investigated. Several circulating factors affecting podocyte permeability barrier have been proposed, but not proven to cause FSGS. FSGS may also be caused by genetic alterations. These genes are mainly those regulating slit diaphragm structure, actin cytoskeleton of podocytes, and foot process structure. The mode of inheritance and age of onset are different according to the gene involved. Recently, the role of parietal epithelial cells (PECs has been highlighted. Podocytes and PECs have common mesenchymal progenitors, therefore, PECs could be a source of podocyte repopulation after podocyte injury. Activated PECs migrate along adhesion to the glomerular tuft and may also contribute to the progression of sclerosis. Markers of activated PECs, including CD44, could be used to distinguish FSGS from minimal change disease. The pathogenesis of FSGS is very complex; however, understanding basic mechanisms of podocyte injury is important not only for basic research, but also for daily diagnostic pathology practice.

  19. Focal skin defect, limb anomalies and microphthalmia.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jackson, K.E.; Andersson, H.C.

    2004-01-01

    We describe two unrelated female patients with congenital single focal skin defects, unilateral microphthalmia and limb anomalies. Growth and psychomotor development were normal and no brain malformation was detected. Although eye and limb anomalies are commonly associated, clinical anophthalmia and

  20. Ballistic Target PHD Filter Based on Infrared Focal Plane Ambiguous Observation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wei Zhao

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Space-based early warning system, the main detection means of which is passive detection based on focal plane, is an important part of ballistic missile defense system. The focal plane is mainly composed of CCD, and its size can reach the micron level, so the pixel is often regarded as point of no area in image postprocessing. The design of traditional tracking methods is based on this, and the observation based on the focal plane is modeled as the azimuth with random noise. However, this modeling is inaccurate. In the context of space-based detection, CCD cannot be simplified as a point, and its size should be considered. And the corresponding observation cannot be treated as azimuth with random noise. In this paper, the observation based on focal plane is modeled as Unambiguously Generated Ambiguous (UGA measurement. The PHD filter algorithm is redesigned and simplified. The simulation results show that the algorithm based on UGA measurement observation model has better tracking effect compared with that based on traditional observation model. This method provides technical support for more accurate target tracking for space-based early warning system.

  1. Formation of multiple focal spots using a high NA lens with a complex spiral phase mask

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lalithambigai, K.; Anbarasan, P. M.; Rajesh, K. B.

    2014-07-01

    The formation of a transversally polarized beam by transmitting a tightly focused double-ring-shaped azimuthally polarized beam through a complex spiral phase mask and high numerical aperture lens is presented based on vector diffraction theory. The generation of transversally polarized focal spot segment splitting and multiple focal spots is illustrated numerically. Moreover, we found that a properly designed complex spiral phase mask can move the focal spots along the optical axis in the z direction. Therefore, one can achieve a focal segment of two, three or multiple completely transversely polarized focal spots, which finds applications in optical trapping and in material processing technologies.

  2. Taxonomy of multi-focal nematode image stacks by a CNN based image fusion approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Min; Wang, Xueping; Zhang, Hongzhong

    2018-03-01

    In the biomedical field, digital multi-focal images are very important for documentation and communication of specimen data, because the morphological information for a transparent specimen can be captured in form of a stack of high-quality images. Given biomedical image stacks containing multi-focal images, how to efficiently extract effective features from all layers to classify the image stacks is still an open question. We present to use a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) image fusion based multilinear approach for the taxonomy of multi-focal image stacks. A deep CNN based image fusion technique is used to combine relevant information of multi-focal images within a given image stack into a single image, which is more informative and complete than any single image in the given stack. Besides, multi-focal images within a stack are fused along 3 orthogonal directions, and multiple features extracted from the fused images along different directions are combined by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Because multi-focal image stacks represent the effect of different factors - texture, shape, different instances within the same class and different classes of objects, we embed the deep CNN based image fusion method within a multilinear framework to propose an image fusion based multilinear classifier. The experimental results on nematode multi-focal image stacks demonstrated that the deep CNN image fusion based multilinear classifier can reach a higher classification rate (95.7%) than that by the previous multilinear based approach (88.7%), even we only use the texture feature instead of the combination of texture and shape features as in the previous work. The proposed deep CNN image fusion based multilinear approach shows great potential in building an automated nematode taxonomy system for nematologists. It is effective to classify multi-focal image stacks. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Changes on diffusion-weighted MRI with focal motor status epilepticus: case report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loevblad, K.O.; Senn, P.; Zutter, D.; Bassetti, C.; Donati, F.; Loevblad, K.O.; Zeller, O.; Schroth, G.

    2003-01-01

    Transient imaging abnormalities, including changes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), may be seen in focal status epilepticus. The changes on DWI provide an insight into the pathophysiology. We report a 53-year-old man with focal motor status epilepticus involving the left hand, arm and face with focal slowing on EEG. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were higher in the affected hemisphere than on the other side. At 10 days and 6 weeks after the end of the seizures, we saw normal ADCs and atrophy of the affected hemisphere. We conclude that the MRI findings indicate both cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema during seizure activity and subsequent loss of brain parenchyma. (orig.)

  4. Changes on diffusion-weighted MRI with focal motor status epilepticus: case report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loevblad, K O [Neuroradiology, Radiodiagnostic, Hopital Cantonal de Geneve HUG, Geneve (Switzerland); Senn, P; Zutter, D; Bassetti, C; Donati, F [Dept. of Neurology, Inselspital, Univ. Hospital, Berne (Switzerland); Loevblad, K O; Zeller, O; Schroth, G [Div. of Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Univ. Hospital, Berne (Switzerland)

    2003-04-01

    Transient imaging abnormalities, including changes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), may be seen in focal status epilepticus. The changes on DWI provide an insight into the pathophysiology. We report a 53-year-old man with focal motor status epilepticus involving the left hand, arm and face with focal slowing on EEG. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were higher in the affected hemisphere than on the other side. At 10 days and 6 weeks after the end of the seizures, we saw normal ADCs and atrophy of the affected hemisphere. We conclude that the MRI findings indicate both cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema during seizure activity and subsequent loss of brain parenchyma. (orig.)

  5. Assessment of Macular Function during Vitrectomy: New Approach Using Intraoperative Focal Macular Electroretinograms.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celso Soiti Matsumoto

    Full Text Available To describe a new technique to record focal macular electroretinograms (FMERGs during vitrectomy to assess macular function.Intraoperative FMERGs (iFMERGs were recorded in ten patients (10 eyes who undergo vitrectomy. iFMERGs were elicited by focal macular stimulation. The stimulus light was directed to the macular area through a 25 gauge (25G glass fiber optic bundle. Background light was delivered through a dual chandelier-type light fiber probe. Focal macular responses elicited with combinations of stimulus and background luminances were analyzed.A stimulus luminance that was approximately 1.75 log units brighter than the background light was able to elicit focal macular responses that were not contaminated by stray light responses. Thus, a stimulus luminance of 160 cd/m2 delivered on a background of 3 cd/m2 elicited iFMEGs from only the stimulated area. This combination of stimulus and background luminances did not elicit a response when the stimulus was projected onto the optic nerve head. The iFMERGs elicited by a 10° stimulus with a duration of 100 ms and an interstimulus interval of 150 ms consisted of an a-, b-, and d-waves, the oscillatory potentials, and the photopic negative response (PhNR.Focal ERGs with all components can be recorded from the macula and other retinal areas during vitreous surgery. This new technique will allow surgeons to assess the function of focal areas of the retina intraoperatively.

  6. Prior task experience and comparable stimulus exposure nullify focal and nonfocal prospective memory retrieval differences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hicks, Jason L; Franks, Bryan A; Spitler, Samantha N

    2017-10-01

    We explored the nature of focal versus nonfocal event-based prospective memory retrieval. In the context of a lexical decision task, people received an intention to respond to a single word (focal) in one condition and to a category label (nonfocal) for the other condition. Participants experienced both conditions, and their order was manipulated. The focal instruction condition was a single word presented multiple times. In Experiment 1, the stimuli in the nonfocal condition were different exemplars from a category, each presented once. In the nonfocal condition retrieval was poorer and reaction times were slower during the ongoing task as compared to the focal condition, replicating prior findings. In Experiment 2, the stimulus in the nonfocal condition was a single category exemplar repeated multiple times. When this single-exemplar nonfocal condition followed in time the single-item focal condition, focal versus nonfocal performance was virtually indistinguishable. These results demonstrate that people can modify their stimulus processing and expectations in event-based prospective memory tasks based on experience with the nature of prospective cues and with the ongoing task.

  7. Serial MRI and MRS studies with unusual findings in Rasmussen's encephalitis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tuerkdogan-Soezueer, D. [Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul (Turkey); Oezek, M.M.; Pamir, M.N. [Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul (Turkey); Sav, A. [Department of Pathology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul (Turkey); Dincer, A. [Radyomar MR Center, Istanbul (Turkey)

    2000-06-01

    Rasmussen's syndrome is characterized by intractable seizures and progressive neuropsychiatric deterioration secondary to unilateral cortical inflammation and tissue destruction. Diagnosis of Rasmussen's syndrome in the early phase depends mainly on the clinical features. Neuroimaging and histopathologic examinations may not be specific during this period. We report a case of Rasmussen's syndrome followed by serial MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies over a 3- to 16-month period. A healthy 6-year-old boy presented with focal motor seizures. An MRI study demonstrated prominent enlargement and T2 hyperintensity of the left mesial temporal lobe and perisylvian region. This early finding evolved to volume loss and later progressive atrophy of the ipsilateral hemisphere when epilepsia partialis continua occurred. Being aware of those early MRI features in a patient with increasing frequency of focal motor seizures should suggest Rasmussen's syndrome. In addition, we found prominently increased myoinositol concentration in atrophic cortex which might reflect increased gliosis in the late period of the disease. (orig.)

  8. Hiperceratose focal acral associada à hipocromia de dermatóglifos Focal acral hyperkeratosis with hypochromic dermatoglyphics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Rheingantz da Cunha Filho

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Hiperceratose focal acral é dermatose rara caracterizada por pápulas ceratóticas acrais que afetam preferencialmente as superfícies marginais das mãos e dos pés, pertencendo ao grupo das hiperceratoses marginais. Apresentamos variante inédita de mulher de 45 anos de idade, branca, dona-de-casa, sem história familiar, com lesões ceratóticas papulosas localizadas nos pés e hipocromia de dermatóglifos na região afetada. Histologicamente apresentou hiperortoceratose, desnível da epiderme (degrau, acantose e hipergranulose. Os tratamentos com ceratolíticos tópicos foram ineficientes, de forma semelhante aos casos descritos na literatura atual.Focal acral hyperkeratosis is a rare condition, characterized by acral keratotic papules that preferably affect hand and foot surfaces, and are included in the spectrum of marginal papular keratodermas. We report an unpublished variant of this condition, the case of a 45-year-old Caucasian woman with acral keratotic papular lesions and hypochromic dermatoglyphics in the feet. Histological examination revealed orthohyperkeratosis, depression of the epidermis, acanthosis and hypergranulosis. Topical treatments with keratolytics were ineffective, similarly to previously described cases.

  9. The Wada test with propofol in a patient with epilepsy Teste de Wada com propofol em uma paciente com epilepsia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    TICYANA M. SILVA

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available The usual drug used in the Wada test is amobarbital, but it is not available in Brazil. Propofol was already used by Bazin et al. in 1998, and in their report the test resulted good in the absence of any adverse effect. We report the use of propofol as the anesthetic for the Wada test. The test was carried out in a 26 years old woman with temporal medial lobe epilepsy refractory to medical treatment. Language functions and memory were tested after injection in both hemispheres by three procedures (Seattle, Montreal and Interview procedures. Propofol showed to be good to carry on the Wada test.O amobarbital é a droga usada no teste de Wada, mas não é disponível em nosso pais. O propofol, usado por Bazin et al. em 1998, foi útil e sem efeitos adversos. Relatamos o uso do propofol como anestésico no teste de Wada. Este foi realizado como parte da avaliação pre-cirúrgica, em uma mulher de 26 anos com epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial, em uso de carbamazepina e ácido valpróico sem controle de suas crises. As funções da linguagem e memória foram testadas após injeção em ambos hemisférios separadamente por três procedimentos (Seattle, Montreal e Entrevista. O propofol mostrou-se eficaz para a realização do teste de Wada.

  10. Questionário de qualidade de vida na epilepsia: resultados preliminares Protocol of quality of life in epilepsy: first results

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisabete Abib Pedroso de Souza

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Crises epilépticas acontecem por breves períodos de tempo, mas os sentimentos de ansiedade e desamparo, adaptação às restrições impostas aos estilos de vida e uma variedade de outros problemas afetam mais a qualidade de vida (QV dos portadores de epilepsia. Este estudo propõe um protocolo que contempla os objetivos de uma avaliação de QV na saúde e seja aplicado a uma população que frequenta um hospital universitário. Consta de 65 itens e avalia o funcionamento psicossocial, limitações físicas, aspecto cognitivo, percepção de controle, auto-conceito, bem como percepção de saúde e QV. Os resultados de validação e confiabilidade são discutidos.Seizures happen for brief periods of time, but the feelings of anxiety and helplessness, adaptation to the restrictions impose by the life-style and variety of other problems affect more the quality of life in epilepsy. This study proposes a protocol that regards the objectives of a quality of life assessment in health and is applied to a population that attends a university hospital. It contains 65 items and assesses the psychosocial performance, physical limitation, cognitive aspects, perception of control, self-concept, as well as perception of health and quality of life. The results of reliability and validity are discussed.

  11. Fabrication of Transition Edge Sensor Microcalorimeters for X-Ray Focal Planes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chervenak, James A.; Adams, Joseph S.; Audley, Heather; Bandler, Simon R.; Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline; Lee, Sang Jun; hide

    2015-01-01

    Requirements for focal planes for x-ray astrophysics vary widely depending on the needs of the science application such as photon count rate, energy band, resolving power, and angular resolution. Transition edge sensor x-ray calorimeters can encounter limitations when optimized for these specific applications. Balancing specifications leads to choices in, for example, pixel size, thermal sinking arrangement, and absorber thickness and material. For the broadest specifications, instruments can benefit from multiple pixel types in the same array or focal plane. Here we describe a variety of focal plane architectures that anticipate science requirements of x-ray instruments for heliophysics and astrophysics. We describe the fabrication procedures that enable each array and explore limitations for the specifications of such arrays, including arrays with multiple pixel types on the same array.

  12. The use of waveform shapes to automatically determine earthquake focal depth

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sipkin, S.A.

    2000-01-01

    Earthquake focal depth is an important parameter for rapidly determining probable damage caused by a large earthquake. In addition, it is significant both for discriminating between natural events and explosions and for discriminating between tsunamigenic and nontsunamigenic earthquakes. For the purpose of notifying emergency management and disaster relief organizations as well as issuing tsunami warnings, potential time delays in determining source parameters are particularly detrimental. We present a method for determining earthquake focal depth that is well suited for implementation in an automated system that utilizes the wealth of broadband teleseismic data that is now available in real time from the global seismograph networks. This method uses waveform shapes to determine focal depth and is demonstrated to be valid for events with magnitudes as low as approximately 5.5.

  13. Focal perinatal acquired brain injury - a sonographic study of the course

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Franek, A.

    1985-06-01

    A case of a perinatal acquired focal brain lesion is reported, and the process of resorption and healing demonstrated by ultrasound. Within four weeks a cortical area of increased echogenicity was resorbed. After two months, the resulting porencephalic cyst had been transformed into glial tissue of very high echogenicity. The neurologic development of two children with such glial focus was good. These cases demonstrate that porencephalic cysts are not always the final state after resorption of a focal brain lesion. They are no reliable prognostic indicator of poor neurological outcome. Traumatic and complicated delivery, asphyxia and coagulopathy are conditions which have been found several times in connection with a focal brain lesion. In contrast to periventricular injury, prematurity does not seem to be a factor of higher risk.

  14. Power of the Poincare Group: Elucidating the Hidden Symmetries in Focal Conic Domains

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alexander, Gareth P.; Chen, Bryan Gin-ge; Matsumoto, Elisabetta A.; Kamien, Randall D.

    2010-01-01

    Focal conic domains are typically the 'smoking gun' by which smectic liquid crystalline phases are identified. The geometry of the equally spaced smectic layers is highly generic but, at the same time, difficult to work with. In this Letter we develop an approach to the study of focal sets in smectics which exploits a hidden Poincare symmetry revealed only by viewing the smectic layers as projections from one-higher dimension. We use this perspective to shed light upon several classic focal conic textures, including the concentric cyclides of Dupin, polygonal textures, and tilt-grain boundaries.

  15. Systemic focal epileptogenesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Remler, M.P.; Marcussen, W.H.

    1986-01-01

    Rats that receive radiation to 0.25 cc of one cerebral hemisphere are clinically and electroencephalographically normal until there is a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at 3 to 6 months postradiation. This BBB lesion can be detected by transient focal seizure activity produced by the BBB-excluded systemic convulsant bicuculline methiodide. In two rats the seizure activity induced by this one injection was self-sustaining. In seven of 15 other rats tested, the subsequent administration of repeated 2 mg/kg injections created a chronic focus that continued to spike with great frequency for 3 weeks or more without further administration of any convulsant. In three of eight other rats, implanted minipumps delivering 180 micrograms/h of bicuculline methiodide produced self-sustaining epileptic activity.

  16. X-ray focal spot reconstruction by circular penumbra analysis-Application to digital radiography systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Di Domenico, Giovanni; Cardarelli, Paolo; Contillo, Adriano; Taibi, Angelo; Gambaccini, Mauro

    2016-01-01

    The quality of a radiography system is affected by several factors, a major one being the focal spot size of the x-ray tube. In fact, the measurement of such size is recognized to be of primary importance during acceptance tests and image quality evaluations of clinical radiography systems. The most common device providing an image of the focal spot emission distribution is a pin-hole camera, which requires a high tube loading in order to produce a measurable signal. This work introduces an alternative technique to obtain an image of the focal spot, through the processing of a single radiograph of a simple test object, acquired with a suitable magnification. The radiograph of a magnified sharp edge is a well-established method to evaluate the extension of the focal spot profile along the direction perpendicular to the edge. From a single radiograph of a circular x-ray absorber, it is possible to extract simultaneously the radial profiles of several sharp edges with different orientations. The authors propose a technique that allows to obtain an image of the focal spot through the processing of these radial profiles by means of a pseudo-CT reconstruction technique. In order to validate this technique, the reconstruction has been applied to the simulated radiographs of an ideal disk-shaped absorber, generated by various simulated focal spot distributions. Furthermore, the method has been applied to the focal spot of a commercially available mammography unit. In the case of simulated radiographs, the results of the reconstructions have been compared to the original distributions, showing an excellent agreement for what regards both the overall distribution and the full width at half maximum measurements. In the case of the experimental test, the method allowed to obtain images of the focal spot that have been compared with the results obtained through standard techniques, namely, pin-hole camera and slit camera. The method was proven to be effective for simulated

  17. X-ray focal spot reconstruction by circular penumbra analysis—Application to digital radiography systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Di Domenico, Giovanni, E-mail: didomenico@fe.infn.it; Cardarelli, Paolo; Taibi, Angelo; Gambaccini, Mauro [Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, FE I-44122, Italy and INFN - sezione di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, FE I-44122 (Italy); Contillo, Adriano [Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, FE I-44122 (Italy)

    2016-01-15

    Purpose: The quality of a radiography system is affected by several factors, a major one being the focal spot size of the x-ray tube. In fact, the measurement of such size is recognized to be of primary importance during acceptance tests and image quality evaluations of clinical radiography systems. The most common device providing an image of the focal spot emission distribution is a pin-hole camera, which requires a high tube loading in order to produce a measurable signal. This work introduces an alternative technique to obtain an image of the focal spot, through the processing of a single radiograph of a simple test object, acquired with a suitable magnification. Methods: The radiograph of a magnified sharp edge is a well-established method to evaluate the extension of the focal spot profile along the direction perpendicular to the edge. From a single radiograph of a circular x-ray absorber, it is possible to extract simultaneously the radial profiles of several sharp edges with different orientations. The authors propose a technique that allows to obtain an image of the focal spot through the processing of these radial profiles by means of a pseudo-CT reconstruction technique. In order to validate this technique, the reconstruction has been applied to the simulated radiographs of an ideal disk-shaped absorber, generated by various simulated focal spot distributions. Furthermore, the method has been applied to the focal spot of a commercially available mammography unit. Results: In the case of simulated radiographs, the results of the reconstructions have been compared to the original distributions, showing an excellent agreement for what regards both the overall distribution and the full width at half maximum measurements. In the case of the experimental test, the method allowed to obtain images of the focal spot that have been compared with the results obtained through standard techniques, namely, pin-hole camera and slit camera. Conclusions: The method was

  18. Relation between second-order moment radius of focal spot and near field distribution of laser beam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao Xueyan; Su Yi; Ye Yidong; Guan Youguang

    2011-01-01

    In order to analyze the effect of aberration of amplitude and phase of laser beam on second-order moment radius of focal spot, based on the Fraunhofer formula for light wave scalar diffraction theory and the definition of second-order moment radius, the general expression for focal spot second-order moment radius depending on the complex amplitude of near field is derived. The second-order moment radius of the focal spot depending on intensity distribution and phase distribution of near field is derived, and its clear physical meaning is described. The second-order moment radius and the divergence angle of focal spot may be easily calculated with the second-order moment radius expression of focal spot. At last, the divergence angles of focal spots of several kinds of Gaussian laser beams are calculated directly, and the results are in accordance with those in the related references. (authors)

  19. Artrosis de cadera: tratamiento no protésico y alternativas de manejo con células madres mesenquimáticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. P. Rodrigo Mardones

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available La artrosis de cadera, ya sea focal o generalizada, constituye una patología frecuente y de difícil manejo, que genera dolor y discapacidad. El tratamiento médico está basado en el uso de analgésicos y antiinflamatorios, incluyendo aquellos de origen natural. Sin embargo, además de las complicaciones asociadas a su uso prolongado, a medida que la enfermedad avanza se van haciendo menos efectivos. En este punto cobra importancia las alternativas intervencionales de diferente grado. El tratamiento se dificulta debido a la localización y esfericidad de la articulación y generalmente está limitado a la artroplastia total de cadera en artrosis generalizada. Previo a ésta, existen alternativas para el tratamiento de lesiones condrales profundas o artrosis focal que incluyen la resección, debridamiento, condroplastía térmica y/o microfracturas con o sin coadyudancia biológica (Ácido Hialurónico, Plasma Rico en Plaquetas (PRP y Células Madre Mesenquimáticas (CMM. Esta revisión se enfoca en el uso de nuevas tecnologías que pudieran mejorar los resultados obtenidos con las técnicas convencionales, incluyendo las infiltraciones (Corticoides/Ácido Hialurónico/PRP/CMM. Se detalla el uso de terapias biológicas en base al uso de CMM, correspondientes a las inyecciones intraarticulares de CMM expandidas, concentrado de células mononucleares en una matriz de PRP y CMM expandidas sembradas en una membrana de colágeno.

  20. Increased calcineurin expression after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus is associated with brain focal edema and astrogliosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Jinzhi; Li, Xiaolin; Chen, Liguang; Xue, Ping; Yang, Qianqian; Wang, Aihua

    2015-07-28

    Calcineurin plays an important role in the development of neuronal excitability, modulation of receptor's function and induction of apoptosis in neurons. It has been established in kindling models that status epilepticus induces brain focal edema and astrocyte activation. However, the role of calcineurin in brain focal edema and astrocyte activation in status epilepticus has not been fully understood. In this study, we employed a model of lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and detected calcineurin expression in hippocampus by immunoblotting, brain focal edema by non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-7T) and astrocyte expression by immunohistochemistry. We found that the brain focal edema was seen at 24 h after status epilepticus, and astrocyte expression was obviously seen at 7 d after status epilepticus. Meanwhile, calcineurin expression was seen at24 h and retained to 7 d after status epilepticus. A FK506, a calcineurin inhibitor, remarkably suppressed the status epilepticus-induced brain focal edema and astrocyte expression. Our data suggested that calcineurin overexpression plays a very important role in brain focal edema and astrocyte expression. Therefore, calcineurin may be a novel candidate for brain focal edema occurring and intracellular trigger of astrogliosis in status epilepticus.

  1. Achromatic Focal Plane Mask for Exoplanet Imaging Coronagraphy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Newman, Kevin Edward; Belikov, Ruslan; Guyon, Olivier; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Wilson, Dan

    2013-01-01

    Recent advances in coronagraph technologies for exoplanet imaging have achieved contrasts close to 1e10 at 4 lambda/D and 1e-9 at 2 lambda/D in monochromatic light. A remaining technological challenge is to achieve high contrast in broadband light; a challenge that is largely limited by chromaticity of the focal plane mask. The size of a star image scales linearly with wavelength. Focal plane masks are typically the same size at all wavelengths, and must be sized for the longest wavelength in the observational band to avoid starlight leakage. However, this oversized mask blocks useful discovery space from the shorter wavelengths. We present here the design, development, and testing of an achromatic focal plane mask based on the concept of optical filtering by a diffractive optical element (DOE). The mask consists of an array of DOE cells, the combination of which functions as a wavelength filter with any desired amplitude and phase transmission. The effective size of the mask scales nearly linearly with wavelength, and allows significant improvement in the inner working angle of the coronagraph at shorter wavelengths. The design is applicable to almost any coronagraph configuration, and enables operation in a wider band of wavelengths than would otherwise be possible. We include initial results from a laboratory demonstration of the mask with the Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization coronagraph.

  2. Technique for the focal-length measurement of positive lenses using Fizeau interferometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pavan Kumar, Yeddanapudi; Chatterjee, Sanjib

    2009-01-01

    We present what we believe is a new technique for the focal-length measurement of positive lenses using Fizeau interferometery. The technique utilizes the Gaussian lens equation. The image distance is measured interferometrically in terms of the radius of curvature of the image-forming wavefront emerging from the lens. The radii of curvature of the image-forming wavefronts corresponding to two different axial object positions of known separation are measured. The focal length of the lens is determined by solving the equations obtained using the Gaussian lens equation for the two object positions. Results obtained for a corrected doublet lens of a nominal focal length of 200.0 mm with a measurement uncertainty of ±2.5% is presented

  3. Landsat 9 OLI 2 focal plane subsystem: design, performance, and status

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malone, Kevin J.; Schrein, Ronald J.; Bradley, M. Scott; Irwin, Ronda; Berdanier, Barry; Donley, Eric

    2017-09-01

    The Landsat 9 mission will continue the legacy of Earth remote sensing that started in 1972. The Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI 2) is one of two instruments on the Landsat 9 satellite. The OLI 2 instrument is essentially a copy of the OLI instrument flying on Landsat 8. A key element of the OLI 2 instrument is the focal plane subsystem, or FPS, which consists of the focal plane array (FPA), the focal plane electronics (FPE) box, and low-thermal conductivity cables. This paper presents design details of the OLI 2 FPS. The FPA contains 14 critically-aligned focal plane modules (FPM). Each module contains 6 visible/near-IR (VNIR) detector arrays and three short-wave infrared (SWIR) arrays. A complex multi-spectral optical filter is contained in each module. Redundant pixels for each array provide exceptional operability. Spare detector modules from OLI were recharacterized after six years of storage. Radiometric test results are presented and compared with data recorded in 2010. Thermal, optical, mechanical and structural features of the FPA will be described. Special attention is paid to the thermal design of the FPA since thermal stability is crucial to ensuring low-noise and low-drift operation of the detectors which operate at -63°C. The OLI 2 FPE provides power, timing, and control to the focal plane modules. It also digitizes the video data and formats it for the solid-state recorder. Design improvements to the FPA-FPE cables will be discussed and characterization data will be presented. The paper will conclude with the status of the flight hardware assembly and testing.

  4. Impact of region contouring variability on image-based focal therapy evaluation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gibson, Eli; Donaldson, Ian A.; Shah, Taimur T.; Hu, Yipeng; Ahmed, Hashim U.; Barratt, Dean C.

    2016-03-01

    Motivation: Focal therapy is an emerging low-morbidity treatment option for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer; however, challenges remain in accurately delivering treatment to specified targets and determining treatment success. Registered multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MPMRI) acquired before and after treatment can support focal therapy evaluation and optimization; however, contouring variability, when defining the prostate, the clinical target volume (CTV) and the ablation region in images, reduces the precision of quantitative image-based focal therapy evaluation metrics. To inform the interpretation and clarify the limitations of such metrics, we investigated inter-observer contouring variability and its impact on four metrics. Methods: Pre-therapy and 2-week-post-therapy standard-of-care MPMRI were acquired from 5 focal cryotherapy patients. Two clinicians independently contoured, on each slice, the prostate (pre- and post-treatment) and the dominant index lesion CTV (pre-treatment) in the T2-weighted MRI, and the ablated region (post-treatment) in the dynamic-contrast- enhanced MRI. For each combination of clinician contours, post-treatment images were registered to pre-treatment images using a 3D biomechanical-model-based registration of prostate surfaces, and four metrics were computed: the proportion of the target tissue region that was ablated and the target:ablated region volume ratio for each of two targets (the CTV and an expanded planning target volume). Variance components analysis was used to measure the contribution of each type of contour to the variance in the therapy evaluation metrics. Conclusions: 14-23% of evaluation metric variance was attributable to contouring variability (including 6-12% from ablation region contouring); reducing this variability could improve the precision of focal therapy evaluation metrics.

  5. Hemopexin induces neuroprotection in the rat subjected to focal cerebral ischemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dong, Beibei; Cai, Min; Fang, Zongping; Wei, Haidong; Zhu, Fangyun; Li, Guochao; Dong, Hailong; Xiong, Lize

    2013-06-10

    The plasma protein hemopexin (HPX) exhibits the highest binding affinity to free heme. In vitro experiments and gene-knock out technique have suggested that HPX may have a neuroprotective effect. However, the expression of HPX in the brain was not well elucidated and its expression after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was also poorly studied. Furthermore, no in vivo data were available on the effect of HPX given centrally on the prognosis of focal cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we systematically investigated expression of HPX in normal rat brain by immunofluorescent staining. The results showed that HPX was mainly expressed in vascular system and neurons, as well as in a small portion of astrocytes adjacent to the vessels in normal rat brain. Further, we determined the role of HPX in the process of focal cerebral ischemic injury and explored the effects of HPX treatment in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. After 2 h' middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 h' reperfusion, the expression of HPX was increased in the neurons and astrocytes in the penumbra area, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques. Intracerebroventricular injection of HPX at the onset of reperfusion dose-dependently reduced the infarct volumes and improved measurements of neurological function of the rat subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. The neuroprotective effects of HPX sustained for up to 7 days after experiments. Our study provides a new insight into the potential neuroprotective role of HPX as a contributing factor of endogenous protective mechanisms against focal cerebral ischemia injury, and HPX might be developed as a potential agent for treatment of ischemic stroke.

  6. Imaging patterns and focal lesions in fatty liver: a pictorial review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Venkatesh, Sudhakar K; Hennedige, Tiffany; Johnson, Geoffrey B; Hough, David M; Fletcher, Joel G

    2017-05-01

    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and affects nearly one-third of US population. With the increasing trend of obesity in the population, associated fatty change in the liver will be a common feature observed in imaging studies. Fatty liver causes changes in liver parenchyma appearance on imaging modalities including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and may affect the imaging characteristics of focal liver lesions (FLLs). The imaging characteristics of FLLs were classically described in a non-fatty liver. In addition, focal fatty change and focal fat sparing may also simulate FLLs. Knowledge of characteristic patterns of fatty change in the liver (diffuse, geographical, focal, subcapsular, and perivascular) and their impact on the detection and characterization of FLL is therefore important. In general, fatty change may improve detection of FLLs on MRI using fat suppression sequences, but may reduce sensitivity on a single-phase (portal venous) CT and conventional ultrasound. In patients with fatty liver, MRI is generally superior to ultrasound and CT for detection and characterization of FLL. In this pictorial essay, we describe the imaging patterns of fatty change in the liver and its effect on detection and characterization of FLLs on ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET.

  7. Comparison of Photopic Negative Response of Full-Field and Focal Electroretinograms in Detecting Glaucomatous Eyes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shigeki Machida

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. To compare the photopic negative response (PhNR of the full-field electroretinogram (ERG to the PhNR of the focal ERGs in detecting glaucoma. Methods. One hundred and three eyes with glaucoma and 42 normal eyes were studied. Full-field ERGs were elicited by red stimuli on a blue background. The focal ERGs were elicited by a 15∘ white stimulus spot centered on the macula, the superotemporal or the inferotemporal areas of the macula. Results. In early glaucoma, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs were significantly larger for the focal PhNR (0.863–0.924 than those for the full-field PhNR (0.666–0.748 (P<.05. The sensitivity was significantly higher for the focal PhNR than for the full-field PhNR in early (P<.01 and intermediate glaucoma (P<.05. In advanced glaucoma, there was no difference in the AUCs and sensitivities between the focal and full-field PhNRs. Conclusions. The focal ERG has the diagnostic ability with higher sensitivity in detecting early and intermediate glaucoma than the full-field ERG.

  8. Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia: report of three cases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghalayani, Parichehr; Tavakoli, Payam; Eftekhari, Mehdi; Haghighi, Mohammad Akhondzadeh

    2015-01-01

    Focal epithelial hyperplasia or Heck's disease is an infrequent asymptomatic condition caused by human papillomavirus types 13 or 32 affecting the mucous membrane of the mouth and is commonly seen in young individuals. Firstly, it was described in Indians and Eskimos, but it exists in various populations. We present three cases of Heck's disease in an Afghan immigrant family group living in Iran that seem to have familial predominance. The disease was identified as oral focal epithelial hyperplasia on the basis of histopathologic and clinical findings. The lesions were reduced significantly after 4 months of good oral hygiene. Dentists should be familiar with the clinical manifestations of these types of lesions that affect the oral cavity. In fact, histopathologic assessment and clinical observation are necessary to establish the diagnosis.

  9. Focal frontal epileptiform discharges in a patient with eyelid myoclonia and absence seizures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Satoru Takahashi

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Eyelid myoclonia with absences is classified as a unique type of generalized seizure. Its pathogenesis is proposed to involve the functional abnormalities in cortical–subcortical networks. Here, we describe the case of a 7-year-old boy who had eyelid myoclonia with absences, along with focal motor seizures. Video-EEG monitoring demonstrated eyelid myoclonia associated with 4- to 5-Hz generalized polyspike–waves preceded by focal frontal discharges. Interictal EEG showed focal epileptiform discharges over the frontal regions. Our case suggests an important role of the frontal lobe in the generation of eyelid myoclonia with absences.

  10. Focal plane AIT sequence: evolution from HRG-Spot 5 to Pleiades HR

    Science.gov (United States)

    Le Goff, Roland; Pranyies, Pascal; Toubhans, Isabelle

    2017-11-01

    Optical and geometrical image qualities of Focal Planes, for "push-broom" high resolution remote sensing satellites, require the implementation of specific means and methods for the AIT sequence. Indeed the geometric performances of the focal plane mainly axial focusing and transverse registration, are duly obtained on the basis of adjustment, setting and measurement of optical and CCD components with an accuracy of a few microns. Since the end of the 1970s, EADS-SODERN has developed a series of detection units for earth observation instruments like SPOT and Helios. And EADS-SODERN is now responsible for the development of the Pleiades High Resolution Focal Plane assembly. This paper presents the AIT sequences. We introduce all the efforts, innovative solutions and improvements made on the assembly facilities to match the technical evolutions and breakthrough of the Pleiades HR FP concept in comparison with the previous High Resolution Geometric SPOT 5 Focal Plane. The main evolution drivers are the implementation of strip filters and the realization of 400 mm continuous retinas. For Pleiades HR AIT sequence, three specific integration and measuring benches, corresponding with the different assembly stages, are used: a 3-D non-contact measurement machine for the assembly of detection module, a 3-D measurement machine for mirror integration on the main Focal Plane SiC structure, and a 3-D geometric coordinates control bench to focus detection module lines and to ensure they are well registered together.

  11. Focal fatty infiltration of the liver: demonstration by magnetic resonance imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wenker, J.C.; Baker, M.K.; Ellis, J.H.; Glant, M.D.

    1984-01-01

    Focal fatty infiltration of the liver is a recently recognized yet poorly understood entity, which has become more apparent since the onset of widespread computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Recent reports have suggested that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may not be sensitive in the evaluation of diffuse fatty liver. A case is presented in which MRI was as sensitive as CT and sonography in the demonstration of focal fatty change within the liver

  12. Treatment planning for prostate focal laser ablation in the face of needle placement uncertainty

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cepek, Jeremy, E-mail: jcepek@robarts.ca; Fenster, Aaron [Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9 (Canada); Lindner, Uri; Trachtenberg, John [Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4 (Canada); Davidson, Sean R. H. [Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 (Canada); Haider, Masoom A. [Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7 (Canada); Ghai, Sangeet [Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 (Canada)

    2014-01-15

    Purpose: To study the effect of needle placement uncertainty on the expected probability of achieving complete focal target destruction in focal laser ablation (FLA) of prostate cancer. Methods: Using a simplified model of prostate cancer focal target, and focal laser ablation region shapes, Monte Carlo simulations of needle placement error were performed to estimate the probability of completely ablating a region of target tissue. Results: Graphs of the probability of complete focal target ablation are presented over clinically relevant ranges of focal target sizes and shapes, ablation region sizes, and levels of needle placement uncertainty. In addition, a table is provided for estimating the maximum target size that is treatable. The results predict that targets whose length is at least 5 mm smaller than the diameter of each ablation region can be confidently ablated using, at most, four laser fibers if the standard deviation in each component of needle placement error is less than 3 mm. However, targets larger than this (i.e., near to or exceeding the diameter of each ablation region) require more careful planning. This process is facilitated by using the table provided. Conclusions: The probability of completely ablating a focal target using FLA is sensitive to the level of needle placement uncertainty, especially as the target length approaches and becomes greater than the diameter of ablated tissue that each individual laser fiber can achieve. The results of this work can be used to help determine individual patient eligibility for prostate FLA, to guide the planning of prostate FLA, and to quantify the clinical benefit of using advanced systems for accurate needle delivery for this treatment modality.

  13. Next generation sub-millimeter wave focal plane array coupling concepts: an ESA TRP project to develop multichroic focal plane pixels for future CMB polarization experiments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trappe, N.; Bucher, M.; De Bernardis, P.; Delabrouille, J.; Deo, P.; DePetris, M.; Doherty, S.; Ghribi, A.; Gradziel, M.; Kuzmin, L.; Maffei, B.; Mahashabde, S.; Masi, S.; Murphy, J. A.; Noviello, F.; O'Sullivan, C.; Pagano, L.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pisano, G.; Robinson, M.; Stompor, R.; Tartari, A.; van der Vorst, M.; Verhoeve, P.

    2016-07-01

    The main objective of this activity is to develop new focal plane coupling array concepts and technologies that optimise the coupling from reflector optics to the large number of detectors for next generation sub millimetre wave telescopes particularly targeting measurement of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In this 18 month TRP programme the consortium are tasked with developing, manufacturing and experimentally verifying a prototype multichroic pixel which would be suitable for the large focal plane arrays which will be demanded to reach the required sensitivity of future CMB polarization missions. One major development was to have multichroic operation to potentially reduce the required focal plane size of a CMB mission. After research in the optimum telescope design and definition of requirements based on a stringent science case review, a number of compact focal plane architecture concepts were investigated before a pixel demonstrator consisting of a planar mesh lens feeding a backend Resonant Cold Electron Bolometer RCEB for filtering and detection of the dual frequency signal was planned for manufacture and test. In this demonstrator the frequencies of the channels was chosen to be 75 and 105 GHz in the w band close to the peak CMB signal. In the next year the prototype breadboards will be developed to test the beams produced by the manufactured flat lenses fed by a variety of antenna configurations and the spectral response of the RCEBs will also be verified.

  14. Methods for studying the focal spot size and resolution of diagnostic X-ray tubes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fairbanks, R.; Doust, C.

    1979-01-01

    Attention is given to techniques appropriate for use in the clinical situation. The focal spot size is critical to geometric unsharpness and hence the quality of the finished radiograph, but pinhole imaging of the focal spot is extremely difficult in clinical practice. The resolution of an X-ray tube, although a function of focal spot size, is of more importance in radiography. A comparison is made of various resolution grids suitable for quality control use in X-ray departments. (U.K.)

  15. HIGH PERFORMANCE PIAA CORONAGRAPHY WITH COMPLEX AMPLITUDE FOCAL PLANE MASKS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Belikov, Ruslan; Soummer, Remi

    2010-01-01

    We describe a coronagraph approach where the performance of a Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph is improved by using a partially transmissive phase-shifting focal plane mask and a Lyot stop. This approach combines the low inner working angle offered by phase mask coronagraphy, the full throughput and uncompromized angular resolution of the PIAA approach, and the design flexibility of Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph. A PIAA complex mask coronagraph (PIAACMC) is fully described by the focal plane mask size, or, equivalently, its complex transmission which ranges from 0 (opaque) to -1 (phase shifting). For all values of the transmission, the PIAACMC theoretically offers full on-axis extinction and 100% throughput at large angular separations. With a pure phase focal plane mask (complex transmission = -1), the PIAACMC offers 50% throughput at 0.64 λ/D while providing total extinction of an on-axis point source. This performance is very close to the 'fundamental performance limit' of coronagraphy derived from first principles. For very high contrast level, imaging performance with PIAACMC is in practice limited by the angular size of the on-axis target (usually a star). We show that this fundamental limitation must be taken into account when choosing the optimal value of the focal plane mask size in the PIAACMC design. We show that the PIAACMC enables visible imaging of Jupiter-like planets at ∼1.2 λ/D from the host star, and can therefore offer almost three times more targets than a PIAA coronagraph optimized for this type of observation. We find that for visible imaging of Earth-like planets, the PIAACMC gain over a PIAA is probably much smaller, as coronagraphic performance is then strongly constrained by stellar angular size. For observations at 'low' contrast (below ∼ 10 8 ), the PIAACMC offers significant performance enhancement over PIAA. This is especially relevant for ground-based high contrast imaging systems in the near-IR, where

  16. The Simbol-X Focal Plane

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laurent, P.

    2009-05-01

    The Simbol-X focal plane is designed to detect photons focused by the mirror in the 0.5 to 100 keV energy band. Composed of two detectors, it will measure the position, energy, and arrival time of each incoming X-ray. On top of it will be a collimator to shield all photons not coming from the mirror field of view. The whole system is surrounded by an active and passive shielding in order to ensure the required very low background.

  17. Surveillance following Focal Therapy interventions Seguimiento tras el tratamiento focal en el cáncer de próstata localizado

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Postema, A. W.; Catellani, M.; Scheltema, M. J. V.; van den Bos, W.; de la Rosette, J. J. M. C. H.

    2016-01-01

    Focal therapy (FT) is a tissuesparing treatment paradigm for localized prostate cancer (PCa) with the potential to improve functional outcomes while maintaining oncologic safety. This paper aims to provide an overview of important considerations and practical recommendations relating to the

  18. Effects of cue focality on the neural mechanisms of prospective memory: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cona, Giorgia; Bisiacchi, Patrizia Silvia; Sartori, Giuseppe; Scarpazza, Cristina

    2016-05-17

    Remembering to execute pre-defined intentions at the appropriate time in the future is typically referred to as Prospective Memory (PM). Studies of PM showed that distinct cognitive processes underlie the execution of delayed intentions depending on whether the cue associated with such intentions is focal to ongoing activity processing or not (i.e., cue focality). The present activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis revealed several differences in brain activity as a function of focality of the PM cue. The retrieval of intention is supported mainly by left anterior prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area, BA 10) in nonfocal tasks, and by cerebellum and ventral parietal regions in focal tasks. Furthermore, the precuneus showed increased activation during the maintenance phase of intentions compared to the retrieval phase in nonfocal tasks, whereas the inferior parietal lobule showed increased activation during the retrieval of intention compared to maintenance phase in the focal tasks. Finally, the retrieval of intention relies more on the activity in anterior cingulate cortex for nonfocal tasks, and on posterior cingulate cortex for focal tasks. Such focality-related pattern of activations suggests that prospective remembering is mediated mainly by top-down and stimulus-independent processes in nonfocal tasks, whereas by more automatic, bottom-up, processes in focal tasks.

  19. Curved planar reconstruction of MR images in focal cortical dysplasia of the brain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chung, Gyung Ho; Lee, Sang Yong; Kim, Chong So; Kim, Young Kon; Lee, Young Hwan; Jeong, Su Hyun

    2002-01-01

    To describe curved planar reconstruction imaging (CPR) and determine its usefulness in the evaluation of focal cortical dysplasia of the brain. In 17 cases of focal cortical dysplasia (cortical dysplasia (n=9), schizencephaly (n=5), and heterotopia (n=3), CPR images were created using a multiplanar reconstruction program and imaging data obtained during T1 magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo MR imaging. We assessed the precise configuration of abnormalities and their relation to adjacent gyri and sulci. CPRI showed the brain cortex as a 2D panoramic image, demonstrating the precise configurations and locations of dysplasia-associated abnormalities and their relation to adjacent gyri and sulci, and the precise shape of the gray-white matter interface. CPRI can provide important radiological information about the extension and configuration of focal cortical dysplasia, and its relation to neighboring cortical structures. We believe that CPRI should form an essential part of the routine investigation os suspected cases of focal cortical dysplasia

  20. Comparison of different methods for determining the size of a focal spot of microfocus X-ray tubes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salamon, M.; Hanke, R.; Krueger, P.; Sukowski, F.; Uhlmann, N.; Voland, V.

    2008-01-01

    The EN 12543-5 describes a method for determining the focal spot size of microfocus X-ray tubes up to a minimum spot size of 5 μm. The wide application of X-ray tubes with even smaller focal spot sizes in computed tomography and radioscopy applications requires the evaluation of existing methods for focal spot sizes below 5 μm. In addition, new methods and conditions for determining submicron focal spot sizes have to be developed. For the evaluation and extension of the present methods to smaller focal spot sizes, different procedures in comparison with the existing EN 12543-5 were analyzed and applied, and the results are presented

  1. Seizure ending signs in patients with dyscognitive focal seizures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gavvala, Jay R; Gerard, Elizabeth E; Macken, Mícheál; Schuele, Stephan U

    2015-09-01

    Signs indicating the end of a focal seizure with loss of awareness and/or responsiveness but without progression to focal or generalized motor symptoms are poorly defined and can be difficult to determine. Not recognizing the transition from ictal to postictal behaviour can affect seizure reporting accuracy by family members and may lead to delayed or a lack of examination during EEG monitoring, erroneous seizure localization and inadequate medical intervention for prolonged seizure duration. Our epilepsy monitoring unit database was searched for focal seizures without secondary generalization for the period from 2007 to 2011. The first focal seizure in a patient with loss of awareness and/or responsiveness and/or behavioural arrest, with or without automatisms, was included. Seizures without objective symptoms or inadequate video-EEG quality were excluded. A total of 67 patients were included, with an average age of 41.7 years. Thirty-six of the patients had seizures from the left hemisphere and 29 from the right. All patients showed an abrupt change in motor activity and resumed contact with the environment as a sign of clinical seizure ending. Specific ending signs (nose wiping, coughing, sighing, throat clearing, or laughter) were seen in 23 of 47 of temporal lobe seizures and 7 of 20 extra-temporal seizures. Seizure ending signs are often subtle and the most common finding is a sudden change in motor activity and resumption of contact with the environment. More distinct signs, such as nose wiping, coughing or throat clearing, are not specific to temporal lobe onset. A higher proportion of seizures during sleep went unexamined, compared to those during wakefulness. This demonstrates that seizure semiology can be very subtle and arousals from sleep during monitoring should alert staff. Patient accounts of seizure frequency appear to be unreliable and witness reports need to be taken into account. [Published with video sequences].

  2. How to diagnose and treat focal therapy failure and recurrence?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barret, Eric; Harvey-Bryan, Kadi-Ann; Sanchez-Salas, Rafael; Rozet, Francois; Galiano, Marc; Cathelineau, Xavier

    2014-05-01

    Focal therapy presents an alternative option for disease-targeted therapy while preserving erectile and urinary function without compromising oncological outcome. Such treatment, which preserves normal prostate parenchyma, presents a clinical challenge to the urologist, as typical disease surveillance parameters are not as reliable in post-ablation follow-up. We propose an integrated approach to post-ablation surveillance to identify treatment failure as well as recurrence. Post-ablation prostate-specific antigen kinetics, imaging based on multiparametric MRI and control biopsies are the tools currently used to follow patients after focal therapy. Good treatment response is indicated by a negative control biopsy, absence of persistent lesion on post-treatment imaging and a reduction in prostate-specific antigen of at least 50%. When histological evidence of therapeutic failure or recurrence is present, different options of management may be proposed to the patient including active surveillance, focal salvage therapy or radical salvage treatment, depending on the characteristics of the lesion found. A recommended post-ablation surveillance protocol is presented as well as a discussion of management strategies based on the data currently available.

  3. Electric field depth-focality tradeoff in transcranial magnetic stimulation: simulation comparison of 50 coil designs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deng, Zhi-De; Lisanby, Sarah H; Peterchev, Angel V

    2013-01-01

    Various transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil designs are available or have been proposed. However, key coil characteristics such as electric field focality and attenuation in depth have not been adequately compared. Knowledge of the coil focality and depth characteristics can help TMS researchers and clinicians with coil selection and interpretation of TMS studies. To quantify the electric field focality and depth of penetration of various TMS coils. The electric field distributions induced by 50 TMS coils were simulated in a spherical human head model using the finite element method. For each coil design, we quantified the electric field penetration by the half-value depth, d(1/2), and focality by the tangential spread, S(1/2), defined as the half-value volume (V(1/2)) divided by the half-value depth, S(1/2) = V(1/2)/d(1/2). The 50 TMS coils exhibit a wide range of electric field focality and depth, but all followed a depth-focality tradeoff: coils with larger half-value depth cannot be as focal as more superficial coils. The ranges of achievable d(1/2) are similar between coils producing circular and figure-8 electric field patterns, ranging 1.0-3.5 cm and 0.9-3.4 cm, respectively. However, figure-8 field coils are more focal, having S(1/2) as low as 5 cm(2) compared to 34 cm(2) for circular field coils. For any coil design, the ability to directly stimulate deeper brain structures is obtained at the expense of inducing wider electrical field spread. Novel coil designs should be benchmarked against comparison coils with consistent metrics such as d(1/2) and S(1/2). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Detection and Characterization of Focal Hepatic lesions using Magnetic resonance Imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pulgarin, Luis G; Delgado, Jorge Andres; Toro Nancy

    2008-01-01

    A retrospective one year study was performed from June 2006 to June 2007. A total of ten focal liver lesions in 60 patients were examined, describing their magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics, using T1, T2 and dynamic Gd-enhanced T1 weighted sequences with and without fat suppression. Lesions were classified into benign or malignant tumors and a diagnosis was proposed. Specific diagnoses such as simple cyst, abscess, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma were reported.

  5. Análisis comparativo de marcadores de lesión en modelos de isquemia cerebral focal y global en ratas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Enrique Céspedes

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Los indicadores espacio-temporales de lesión son esenciales en el estudio neuropatológico y terapéutico de la isquemia cerebral. Objetivo. Optimizar la técnica de dos modelos de isquemia cerebral (focal y global y hacer un análisis comparativo de la progresión del daño cerebral, mediante marcadores de neurodegeneración. Materiales y métodos. Se sometieron ratas Wistar a oclusión temporal de la arteria cerebral media o aoclusión de cuatro vasos, y se evaluaron comparativamente el tiempo quirúrgico, la tasa de supervivenciay la recuperación neurológica. Se utilizó trifenilo de tetrazolio para establecer la distribución del infarto y tinción con Fluoro-Jade B® como marcador de neurodegeneración. La inmunorreacción de la astroglía  se evaluó con el anticuerpo contra la proteína acídica fibrilar de la glía (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein,GFAP y el anticuerpo AT-8 contra la proteína tau hiperfosforilada, 24, 48 y 72 horas después de la isquemia. Resultados. Los modelos de isquemia utilizados requirieron menor tiempo quirúrgico y hubo menorriesgo de muerte, respecto a estudios previos. En el modelo focal, las células positivas con Fluoro-Jade B® y los astrocitos reactivos, se evidenciaron en corteza e hipocampo a las 24 horas después de la isquemia. En el modelo global, se observó tinción Fluoro-Jade B® positiva a las 24 horas, aumentando significativamente la reacción de la GFAP a las 72 horas en corteza y a las 48 horas en el hipocampo. La reacción contra la proteína tau hiperfosforilada aumentó progresivamente y fue máxima a las 72horas en ambos modelos. Conclusiones. Los dos modelos de isquemia cerebral, oclusión temporal de la arteria cerebral media y oclusión de cuatro vasos, fueron optimizados. En estos modelos, los marcadores la tinción Fluoro-Jade B® y la GFAP permitieron detectar procesos de neurodegeneración 24 horas después de la isquemia, en tanto el marcador de proteína tau

  6. A case report: Familial glucocorticoid deficiency associated with familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ram Nanik

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by isolated glucocorticoid deficiency in the presence of normal plasma renin and aldosterone level. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS is a form of glomerular disease associated with proteinuria and nephritic syndrome. This is the first case of familial glucocorticoid deficiency associated with familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Case presentation An eight month old boy presented with increased genital pigmentation. Initial investigation revealed that he was glucocorticoid deficient and was started on hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone with a diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency. Later fludrocortisone was withdrawn and he was diagnosed to have isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. He later developed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis for which he underwent renal transplantation at the age of five years. Now at the age of twelve years, this boy is doing well on hydrocortisone treatment. His two siblings and a first degree cousin also had isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. One of the above two siblings died due to renal failure secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Conclusion Patients with familial glucocorticoid deficiency should be carefully followed for development of features of nephrotic syndrome.

  7. Comparison of different approaches to the numerical calculation of the LMJ focal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bourgeade A.

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available The beam smoothing in the focal plane of high power lasers is of particular importance to laser-plasma interaction studies in order to minimize plasma parametric and hydrodynamic instabilities on the target. Here we investigate the focal spot structure in different geometrical configurations where standard paraxial hypotheses are no longer verified. We present numerical studies in the cases of single flat top square beam, LMJ quadruplet and complete ring of quads with large azimuth angle. Different calculations are made with Fresnel diffraction propagation model in the paraxial approximation and full vector Maxwell's equations. The first model is based on Fourier transform from near to far field method. The second model uses first spherical wave decomposition in plane waves with Fourier transform and propagates them to the focal spot. These two different approaches are compared with Miró [1] modeling results using paraxial or Feit and Fleck options. The methods presented here are generic for focal spot calculations. They can be used for other complex geometric configurations and various smoothing techniques. The results will be used as boundary conditions in plasma interaction computations.

  8. Technology for advanced focal plane arrays of HgCdTe and AIGaN

    CERN Document Server

    He, Li; Ni, Guoqiang

    2016-01-01

    This book introduces the basic framework of advanced focal plane technology based on the third-generation infrared focal plane concept. The essential concept, research advances, and future trends in advanced sensor arrays are comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, the book summarizes recent research advances in HgCdTe/AlGaN detectors for the infrared/ultraviolet waveband, with a particular focus on the numerical method of detector design, material epitaxial growth and processing, as well as Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor readout circuits. The book offers a unique resource for all graduate students and researchers interested in the technologies of focal plane arrays or electro-optical imaging sensors.

  9. [Focal hyperhidrosis.Quality of life, socioeconomic importance and use of internal medicinal therapy].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rzany, B; Müller, C; Hund, M

    2012-06-01

    Focal hyperhidrosis can have a substantial influence on the professional, physical, emotional and social life of those affected. This becomes clear when the results of quality of life studies and Health Service Research studies are reviewed, e.g. affected patients were prepared to contribute additional money for treatment of hyperhidrosis. The systemic therapy of focal hyperhidrosis with oral anticholinergic agents is a quite economical treatment strategy. These products can be administered continuously or sporadically. However, only good clinical date for the continous treatment exists. Focal hyperhidrosis is a disease which requires our full attention. It should be discussed whether e.g. QoL questionnaires should be used routinelly.

  10. Estudio preliminar de la profilaxis de la epilepsia en acúmulos, con midazolam.

    OpenAIRE

    Paredes L., Gustavo A.; Andrade, M.; Vielma, Marly; Rondón, Juana

    2006-01-01

    Editorial. ¡Ya tenemos símbolo, ícono o logotipo!. Now we have symbol, icono or logo!. Salinas, Pedro José Accidentes domésticos en ancianos. Municipio Libertador. Mérida. 1993-1996. Domestics accidents in elderly people. Libertador County of Mérida State. 1993-1996. Salinas, Pedro José Rojas Márquez, Reina Estrés y síntomas en personal de salud del Hospital Universitario de Los Andes. Stress and symptoms in health staff of the Hospital Universitario de Los Andes. Méri...

  11. Focal nodular hyperplasia: imaging findings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kehagias, D.; Moulopoulos, L.; Antoniou, A.; Hatziioannou, A.; Smyrniotis, V.; Trakadas, S.; Lahanis, S.; Vlahos, L. [Dept. of Radiology, University of Athens (Greece)

    2001-02-01

    Focal nodular hyperplasia is an uncommon benign hepatic tumor that continues to pose diagnostic dilemmas. Imaging techniques are of great value in diagnosis of this tumor. In this article we present the US, CT, MR imaging, scintigraphy, and angiography findings. The demonstration of a central vascular scar is very helpful. Although the radiologic features may be diagnostic, many atypical cases must be differentiated from other benign or malignant hepatic tumors. In these cases excisional biopsy and histopathologic examination are necessary to determine a definite diagnosis. (orig.)

  12. Focal nodular hyperplasia: imaging findings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kehagias, D.; Moulopoulos, L.; Antoniou, A.; Hatziioannou, A.; Smyrniotis, V.; Trakadas, S.; Lahanis, S.; Vlahos, L.

    2001-01-01

    Focal nodular hyperplasia is an uncommon benign hepatic tumor that continues to pose diagnostic dilemmas. Imaging techniques are of great value in diagnosis of this tumor. In this article we present the US, CT, MR imaging, scintigraphy, and angiography findings. The demonstration of a central vascular scar is very helpful. Although the radiologic features may be diagnostic, many atypical cases must be differentiated from other benign or malignant hepatic tumors. In these cases excisional biopsy and histopathologic examination are necessary to determine a definite diagnosis. (orig.)

  13. Infrared detectors and focal plane arrays; Proceedings of the Meeting, Orlando, FL, Apr. 18, 19, 1990

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dereniak, Eustace L.; Sampson, Robert E.

    1990-09-01

    The papers contained in this volume provide an overview of recent advances and the current state of developments in the field of infrared detectors and focal plane arrays. Topics discussed include nickel silicide Schottky-barrier detectors for short-wavelength infrared applications; high performance PtSi linear and focal plane arrays; and multispectral band Schottky-barrier IRSSD for remote-sensing applications. Papers are also presented on the performance of an Insi hybrid focal array; characterization of IR focal plane test stations; GaAs CCD readout for engineered bandgap detectors; and fire detection system for aircraft cargo bays.

  14. con dietas suplementadas con Cromo-L-metionina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ram\\u00F3n Garc\\u00EDa-Castillo

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Un total de 48 cerdos (Sus scrofa domesticus; 24 machos castrados y 24 hembras cruzados (Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc y Landrace de 3,5 a 4,0 meses de edad y 60,0 ± 5,0 kg PV en finalización. Se alimentaron con dietas isoproteícas (14,5 % PC e isoenergéticas (3.400 kcal EM/kg de MS, adicionadas con Cr-L-metionina (MiCroPlex® (0, 200, 400 y 600 ppb. El experimento tuvo una duración de 45 días y se realizó de agosto a noviembre del 2002 en las instalaciones de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, localizada en Saltillo, Coahuila, México. Al tener los animales aproximadamente 95 kg PV, se tomó muestra de 15 ml de sangre por cada animal para determinar la concentración de glucosa, ácido úrico, creatinina, urea, proteinas totales y colesterol. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 4; dos para el factor sexo y cuatro para nivel de cromo. Los metabolitos en suero no fueron afectados (P>0,05 por el factor sexo. La glucosa en suero disminuyó (P<0,05 y el colesterol incrementó (P<0,05 con cromo en la dieta. Se concluye que el Cr incrementa el metabolismo de glucosa y disminuye el de colesterol, con lo cual puede haber energía disponible para síntesis de proteína la cual es necesaria para el crecimiento de los animales

  15. Incidental Detection of Temporary Focal FDG Retention in the Spleen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Youn Joon; Lee, Jai Hyuen; Jee, Keum Nahn; Namgung, Hwan [Dankook Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2011-06-15

    F 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is a valuable tool in discriminating malignancy from benign lesion. But because various false positive results reduce the diagnostic specificity, nuclear medicine physicians should be familiar with possible false positive cases. Although many cases of high FDG uptake mimicking malignancy have been reported, temporary intense focal FDG uptake of normal spleen has not been reported previously. We report herein a phenomenon of temporary intense focal FDG uptake of normal spleen without evidence of metastasis in a 46 year old woman with a history of anal cancer.

  16. Impact of variations in fatty liver on sonographic detection of focal hepatic lesions originally identified by CT

    OpenAIRE

    Wu, Size; Tu, Rong; Nan, Ruixia; Liu, Guangqing; Cui, Xiaojing; Liang, Xian

    2015-01-01

    Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of variations in fatty liver on the ultrasonographic detection of focal liver lesions. Methods: A total of 229 patients with varying degrees of fatty liver and focal liver lesions and 200 patients with focal liver lesions but no fatty liver were randomly selected for inclusion in groups I and II, respectively. Findings of focal liver lesions identified on computed tomography were taken as the reference, and findings on ultrasonog...

  17. Focal spot motion of linear accelerators and its effect on portal image analysis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sonke, Jan-Jakob; Brand, Bob; van Herk, Marcel

    2003-01-01

    The focal spot of a linear accelerator is often considered to have a fully stable position. In practice, however, the beam control loop of a linear accelerator needs to stabilize after the beam is turned on. As a result, some motion of the focal spot might occur during the start-up phase of

  18. Syndecan-4 and focal adhesion function

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Woods, A; Couchman, J R

    2001-01-01

    Two groups have now reported the viability of mice that lack syndecan-4. These mice have wound healing/angiogenesis problems, and fibroblasts from these animals differ in adhesion and migration from normal. This is consistent with recent in vitro data indicating a need for signaling via syndecan-4...... for focal adhesion formation, and reports that overexpression of proteins that bind syndecan-4 can modify cell adhesion and migration....

  19. Focal Mechanism of Semi-Volcanic Deep Low-Frequency Earthquakes in Eastern Shimane

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aso, N.; Ohta, K.; Ide, S.

    2012-12-01

    Many deep low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) occur near the island arc Mohorovicic discontinuities and far from both active volcanoes and plate boundaries. They are quite similar to volcanic LFEs beneath active volcanoes, which infers some fluid movement in the source region, and we regard them as "semi-volcanic" LFEs [Aso et al., 2011; 2012 (submitted)]. Several previous studies determined the focal mechanisms of volcanic and semi-volcanic LFEs using a small portion of information of the waveforms. Although the estimated focal mechanisms are various, they may not necessary support the variety of the actual physical process, owing to the large determination error [e.g., Nishidomi and Takeo, 1996; Ohmi and Obara, 2002; Nakamichi et al., 2003]. Here we determine the focal mechanisms by waveform inversion for LFEs in eastern Shimane in western Japan, where many LFEs occurred in a quiet region. The locations are also close to the fault plane of the 2000 western Tottori earthquake of Mw6.6, and right beneath Yokota volcano, which is a Quaternary volcanic cluster. We estimated the focal mechanisms of semi-volcanic LFEs in eastern Shimane by moment tensor inversion. The data are velocity seismograms at five stations of Hi-net near the epicenters. For each seismogram, we extracted a 1.5-second time window beginning from 0.2 seconds before the arrivals of either P-wave in a vertical component or S-wave in a horizontal component. The arrival time of each phase is picked manually first, and then corrected to minimize the variance between observed and synthetic waveforms. The local site amplification is estimated using far-field body waves from deep intraslab earthquakes, and collected for each seismogram. The synthetic waveforms were calculated using the discrete wavenumber integration method developed by Takeo [1985] for a horizontally layered structure. For 38 LFEs, which are equal to or larger than M1.2 (JMA magnitude) and recorded at all five stations, the focal mechanisms

  20. Differential diagnosis of focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Gulik, T. M.; Moojen, T. M.; van Geenen, R.; Rauws, E. A.; Obertop, H.; Gouma, D. J.

    1999-01-01

    The differentiation of focal, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PAC) poses a diagnostic dilemma. Both conditions may present with the same symptoms and signs. The complexity of differential diagnosis is enhanced because PAC is frequently associated with secondary inflammatory changes