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Sample records for con 99mtc-igg policlonal

  1. Comparison of the chemical behaviour of humanized ACMS VS. Human IGG radiolabeled with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rivero Santamaria, Alejandro; Zayas Crespo, Francisco; Mesa Duennas, Niurka; Castillo Vitloch, Adolfo J.

    2003-01-01

    The purpose of this work is to compare the chemical behaviour of humanized AcMs vs. human IgG radiolabeled with 99 mTc. to this end, 3 immunoglobulins were analyzed, the IgG (human), the humanized monoclonal antibody R3 (Acm-R3h) and the humanized monoclonal antibody T1. The results obtained reveal slight differences as regards the behaviour of theses immunoglobulins before the labelling with 99T c, which shows differences in the chemical behaviour of these proteins. Although in theory the modifications that are made to the AcMs in order to humanize them must not affect their chemical behaviour, the obtained data indicate that the conditions for their radiolabelling should not be extrapolated from other proteins; on the contrary, particular procedures should be elaborated for each AcM-h

  2. {sup 99m}Tc sestamibi cardiac tomography and dobutamine echocardiography in the identification of reversible left ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction; Tomografia cardiaca con {sup 99m}Tc sestamibi ed ecocardiografia con dobutamina nell'identificazione della disfunzione ventricolare sinistra reversibile nei pazienti con infarto acuto del miocardio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gisonni, P.; Cuocolo, A.; Spinelli, L.; Acampa, W.; Florimonte, L.; Nicolai, E.; Petretta, M.; Sodano, A. [Naples Univ. Federico 2. (Italy). Centro per la Medicina Nucleare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Dipt. di Scienze Biomorfologiche e Funzionali

    1999-04-01

    The authors investigated the role of technetium-99m ({sup 99m}Tc) sestamibi cardiac imaging and dobutamine echocardiography in detecting myocardial viability early after acute myocardial infarction. [Italian] La presenza di tessuto miocardico ibernato o stordito contribuisce alla genesi della disfunzione ventricolare sinistra nei pazienti con infarto del miocardio. L'identificazione del miocardio malfunzionante ma ancora vitale ha particolare rilevanza nel predire il recupero della funzione ventricolare in seguito a interventi di rivascolarizzazione coronarica. In questo studio e' stato valutato il ruolo della scintigrafia con tecnezio-99m ({sup 99m}Tc) sestamibi e dell'ecocardiografia con dobutamina nell'identificazione del miocardio vitale dopo infarto acuto del miocardio.

  3. Experience in infection images with new radio antibiotic the {sup 99m}Tc-ceftizoxime (TCF); Experiencia en imagenes de infecciones con un nuevo radio-antibiotico la ceftizoxima-{sup 99m}Tc (CFT)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Soroa, Victoria E; Rabiller, Graciela; Velasquez Espeche, Maria del H. [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Buenos Aires (Argentina). Centro de Medicina Nuclear; Fioriolli, Marcelo H; Rodriguez, Hernan [Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Roca, Manuel; Martin-Comin, Joseph [Hospital Universitario Bellvitge, Barcelona (Spain). Servicio de Medicina Nuclear

    2004-07-01

    Previous results obtained in the detection of infections with {sup 99m}Tc-ceftizoxime encourage to the group of work to investigate the behavior of an antibiotic of third generation: the ceftizoxime radiolabelled with {sup 99m}Tc and to compare it with other radio-labels in different infectious / inflammatory pathologies. [Spanish] Anteriores resultados obtenidos en la deteccion de infecciones con el {sup 99m}TC-ceftizoxima incentivo al grupo de trabajo a investigar el comportamiento de un antibiotico de tercera generacion: la ceftizoxima radiomarcada con {sup 99m}Tc y compararlo con otros radiomarcadores en diferentes patologias infecciosas/inflamatorias.

  4. MIBI-{sup 99m}Tc mammary scintigraphy; Centellografia mamaria con MIBI-{sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mayosky, Maria C; Parma, Elvira P; Armesto, Amparo M; Zarlenga, Ana C [Instituto de Oncologia Angel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (Argentina). Centro Oncologico de Medicina Nuclear; Cresta, Carlos; Azar, Maria E; Noblia, Cristina [Instituto de Oncologia Angel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (Argentina). Servicio de Mastologia

    1999-07-01

    121 patients suspected of breast cancer were studied with MIBI-{sup 99m}Tc to evaluate the suitability of the mammary scintigraphy in patients with doubtful cancer diagnosis.The results show 93 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity and indicate the usefulness of this procedure to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.

  5. Concentration of sup(99m)Tc from the eluate of 99Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saucedo, T.; Mora, M.; Fraga de Suarez, A.H.; Mitta, A.E.A.

    1976-04-01

    A method is described to concentrate sup(99m)Tc solutions, originated in 99 Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators, independent of its age. The techniques of preparation of the different radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine are also described. (author) [es

  6. Results of regular study on radionuclidic purity of sup(99m)Tc obtained from 99Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vlcek, J.; Rohacek, J.; Husak, V.

    1979-01-01

    A total of 39 sup(99m)Tc eluates obtained from 9 99 Mo-sup(99m)Tc generators delivered by The Radiochemical Centre Amersham during one year was studied with regard to their radionuclide purity. Using a Ge(Li) spectrometer the contaminants 60 Co, 103 Ru, 131 I, 134 Cs, 140 La and 188 Re were found in sup(99m)Tc-eluates with average levels ranging from 2.9 x 10 -3 to 2.8 x 10 -1 per cent of sup(99m)Tc activity. The additional total body absorbed dose caused by these contaminants, as calculated from their average content in sup(99m)Tc eluates, was less than 1% of the dose due to sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate. (orig.) 891 MG/orig. 892 CS [de

  7. sup(99m)Tc-2-mercaptopropionylglycine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saji, Hideo; Odori, Teruo; Morita, Rikushi; Yokoyama, Akira; Tanaka, Hisashi.

    1979-01-01

    Labeling of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG) with sup(99m)Tc, was studied and its chemical characteristics were examined. Further, biliary excretion behavior of this complex was comparatively estimated in mice, rats and rabbits. sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG was rapidly excreted in large quantities into the bile in mice and rats: within 1 hr after injection, 51% of the injected dose was recovered from the bile in rats. On the other hand, the ligand exchange reaction between this complex and penicillamine indicates that a low hydrolyzed sup(99m)Tc species is coordinated with 2-MPG. These results suggest that a low hydrolyzed sup(99m)Tc state is an effective feature in biliary excretion behavior of sup(99m)Tc compounds. Another interesting in vivo behavior of sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG is the difference observed in mice and rabbits: in mice, very high sup(99m)Tc activity is concentrated in the gallbladder and the clearance from tissues other than the gallbladder is rapid, whereas in rabbits, although a rapid and high excretion into the gallbladder is observed, a considerable high sup(99m)Tc activity is retained in the liver and the kidney. One reason for this different in vivo behavior is the low stability of this complex at high dilution: a big animal has the large dilution volume which lead to higher decomposition estimated by the higher liver and kidney retention or the lower bile excretion. In conclusion, studies carried on sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG showed a good biliary excretion behavior but an in vivo unstableness in big animals. (author)

  8. Diversification of 99Mo/99mTc separation: non–fission reactor production of 99Mo as a strategy for enhancing 99mTc availability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pillai, Maroor R A; Dash, Ashutosh; Knapp, Furn F Russ

    2015-01-01

    This paper discusses the benefits of obtaining (99m)Tc from non-fission reactor-produced low-specific-activity (99)Mo. This scenario is based on establishing a diversified chain of facilities for the distribution of (99m)Tc separated from reactor-produced (99)Mo by (n,γ) activation of natural or enriched Mo. Such facilities have expected lower investments than required for the proposed chain of cyclotrons for the production of (99m)Tc. Facilities can receive and process reactor-irradiated Mo targets then used for extraction of (99m)Tc over a period of 2 wk, with 3 extractions on the same day. Estimates suggest that a center receiving 1.85 TBq (50 Ci) of (99)Mo once every 4 d can provide 1.48-3.33 TBq (40-90 Ci) of (99m)Tc daily. This model can use research reactors operating in the United States to supply current (99)Mo needs by applying natural (nat)Mo targets. (99)Mo production capacity can be enhanced by using (98)Mo-enriched targets. The proposed model reduces the loss of (99)Mo by decay and avoids proliferation as well as waste management issues associated with fission-produced (99)Mo.

  9. Development of 99Mo/99mTc Generator System for Production of Medical Radionuclide 99mTc using a Neutron-activated 99Mo and Zirconium Based Material (ZBM as its Adsorbent

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Saptiama

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Molybdenum produced from fission of U-235 is the most desirable precursor for 99Mo/99mTc generator system as it is non-carrier added and has high specific activity. However, in the last decade there has been short supply of 99Mo due to several constrains. Therefore, there have been many works performed for development of 99Mo/99mTc generator system using 99Mo which is not produced from either LEU or HEU. This report deals with development of 99Mo/99mTc generator system where zirconium-based material (ZBM is used as adsorbent of neutron-activated 99Mo. The system was prepared by firstly irradiating natural Mo in the G. A. Siwabessy reactor to produce neutron-activated 99Mo. The target was dissolved in NaOH 4N and then neutralized with 12 M HCl. The 99Mo solution was then mixed with a certain amount of ZBM followed by heating at 90°C for three hours to allow the 99Mo adsorbed on ZBM. The 99Mo-ZBM (9.36 GBq of 99Mo was Mo/ 4.2 g ZBM was packed on a fritz-glass column. This column was then fitted serially with an alumina column for trapping 99Mo breakthrough. The columns were then eluted daily with saline solution for up to one week. The yield of 99mTc was found to be between 53.7 – 74% (n= 5. All 99mTc eluates were clear solutions with pH of 5. Breakthrough of 99Mo in 99mTc eluates was found to be 0.031 ± 0.019 μCi 99Mo/ mCi 99mTc (n= 5 which was less than the maximum activity of 99Mo allowed in 99mTc solution ( 99%. Radiolabeling of this 99mTc towards methylene diphosphonate (MDP kit gave a radiolabelling efficiency of 99%. In summary, a new 99Mo/99mTc generator system that used neutron-activated 99Mo and ZBM as its adsorbent has been successfully prepared. The 99mTc produced from this new 99Mo/99mTc generator system attained the quality of 99mTc required for medical purposes.

  10. Assessment of the direct cyclotron production of (99m)Tc: An approach to crisis management of (99m)Tc shortage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rovais, Mohammad Reza Aboudzadeh; Aardaneh, Khosro; Aslani, Gholamreza; Rahiminejad, Ali; Yousefi, Kamran; Boulouri, Fatemeh

    2016-06-01

    Nowadays, the cyclotron production of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) has been increased, due to the worldwide (99m)Tc generator shortage. In the present work, an improved strategy for the production of (99m)Tc, using the proton irradiation of the enriched (100)Mo was developed. The performance of this method in terms of the production yield, chemical purity, radiochemical purity, as well as radionuclide purity was evaluated. The average production yield was measured to be 356MBqμA(-1)h(-1). A good agreement was found between the calculated production yield and the experimental one. The radiochemical separation and total recovery yields of (99m)Tc were 92% and 69%, respectively. The radiochemical and the radionuclide purities of the (99m)Tc were 99% and >99.99% at the end of purification, respectively. The results of quality control tests (QC) support the concept that cyclotron-produced (99m)Tc is suitable for preparation of USP-compliant. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Peptic ulcer imaging with /sup 99m/Tc sucralfate and possible advantages of /sup 99m/Tc sucrose octasulfate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    CentiColella, A.; Scopinaro, F.

    1986-01-01

    Sucralfate is a basic aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate that protects the damaged mucosa and also the normal mucosa from peptic aggression. In fact sucralfate adheres to the mucosa as pH decreases below 4, and buffers the acid, slowly releasing sucrose octasulfate that forms insoluble complexes with the proteins exuded by the ulcers, or is washed out of the stomach. Sucralfate itself is also able to precipitate with proteins in the ulcers. Sucralfate may be labelled by several methods: /sup 99m/Tc HSA, /sup 99m/Tc DTPA, /sup 75/Se, /sup 111/In. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical results obtained using /sup 99m/Tc DTPA sucralfate, which the authors believe is the only labelled sucralfate suitable for clinical studies and to discuss the possible diagnostic uses of /sup 99m/Tc sucrose octasulfate. In fact, it has been possible to label the sucrose octasulfate either with /sup 99m/Tc DTPA or with /sup 99m/Tc without the use of intermediate ligands

  12. 99mTc renal tubular function agents: Current status

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eshima, D.; Fritzberg, A.R.; Taylor, A. Jr.

    1990-01-01

    Orthoiodohippuric (OIH) acid labeled with 131I is a widely used renal radiopharmaceutical agent and has been the standard radiopharmaceutical agent for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow (EPRF). Limitations to the routine clinical use of 131I OIH are related to the suboptimal imaging properties of the 131I radionuclide and its relatively high radiation dose. 123I has been substituted for 131I; however, its high cost and short shelf-life have limited its widespread use. Recent work has centered on the development of a new 99mTc renal tubular function agent, which would use the optimal radionuclidic properties and availability of 99mTc and combine the clinical information provided by OIH. The search for a suitable 99mTc renal tubular function agent has focused on the diamide dithiolate (N2S2), the paraaminohippuric iminodiacetic acid (PAHIDA), and the triamide mercaptide (N3S) donor ligand systems. To date, the most promising 99mTc tubular function agent is the N3S complex: 99mTc mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc MAG3). Studies in animal models in diuresis, dehydration, acid or base imbalance, ischemia, and renal artery stenosis demonstrate that 99mTc MAG3 behaves similarly to 131I OIH. A simple kit formulation is available that yields the 99mTc MAG3 complex in high radiochemical purity. Studies in normal subjects and patients indicate that 99mTc MAG3 is an excellent 99mTc renal tubular agent, but its plasma clearance is only 50% to 60% that of OIH. In an effort to develop an improved 99mTc renal tubular function agent, changes have been made in the core N3S donor ligand system, but to date no agent has been synthesized that is clinically superior to 99mTc MAG3. 61 references

  13. A review of sup(99m)Tc generator technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Molinski, V.J.

    1982-01-01

    The sup(99m)Tc generator has found widespread use because it is ideally suited for scintigraphy. The preparation of sup(99m)Tc generators using alumina and other ion exchange systems is described. Other methods of separating 99 Mo and sup(99m)Tc, such as solvent extraction and sublimation, are also discussed. Some of the problems associated with the alumina column type sup(99m)Tc generator are listed with possible causes and solutions to their problems. The current biomedical applications of the sup(99m)Tc radioisotope are the basis of a $100 million nuclear medicine business. The importance of the sup(99m)Tc generator makes it imperative that we understand and solve the problems associated with its manufacture. (author)

  14. Labelled Preformed liposomes with 99MTC-DTPA, 99 MTC-ECD, 99MTC-MDP and 99MTC-MIBI : Labelling procedures and stability studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Savio, E.O.; Teran, M.A.; Vales, M.E.; Frier, M.

    2004-01-01

    Liposomes labelled with gamma e miters like 99mTc, can be used for scintigraphic imaging to non-invasively track and quantify the distribution of liposomes in the body. In vitro studies were done to choose a suitable radiopharmaceutical (RF) to be attached to performed liposomes. 99mTc-Complexes (DTPA, ECD, MDP, MIBI) were used to label collagen liposomes. Commercial kits were labelled with 99mTc04-(TechnoNuclear). Quality controls of the RF were performed. Collagen liposomes suspended in saline 0.9% were incubated at 4.25.37 and 60 for 30 min. Efficiency of the labelling procedure was determined by gel filtration using Sephadex G25 (Pharmacia) and NaC10.9%. Samples of 100mL (74MBq), were seeded and fractions of 0.5mL were colleted and measured in an ionisation chamber (Capintec CRC). Stability of the labelled liposomes was assessed incubating 0.5mL, of the suspension with 1mL of human serum during 30 min at 37 . Dialysis was performed using dialysis bags of 64 K pore size and NaCI 0.9% at room temperature. Samples of the saline bath were collected at 30.60 and 90 min. and measured in a solid scintillation counter Ortec.Liposomes labelled with 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTcMIBI showed a labelling efficiency of 80%; liposomes incubated with 99mTc-MDP were labelled in a 50% and 99mTc-ECD did not bind to liposomes in the conditions of study. Incubation of labelled liposomes with human serum showed 50% of strong binding to the plasmatic proteins for 99mTc-DTPA but low values (5%) for the other specimens. Labelled liposomes were achieved, with different RF, showing a suitable in vitro stability to perform in vivo studies

  15. Studies of techniques for the post-elution concentration of 99mTc obtained from gel type 99Mo/99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Katia Noriko

    2009-01-01

    On average 80% of the radiopharmaceuticals used in Nuclear Medicine are labeled with 99 mTc due to its physical properties and easy attainment through of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc generators. The Directory of Radiopharmacy (DIRF) of IPEN-CNEN/SP developed a gel type chromatographic generator of MoZr with 99 Mo produced by 98 Mo(n,γ) 99 Mo reaction that occurs at the IEA-R1 Nuclear Reactor. The gel is composed of zirconium molybdate with elution volume of 12 mL with an activity of 11100 MBq (300 mCi) producing a radioactive concentration of 925 MBq (25 mCi)/mL. The fission generator gives a higher radioactive concentration around 1850 MBq (50 mCi)/mL. The aim of this work is to study a system of post-elution concentration of 99 mTc for the attainment of a high enough radioactive concentration to meet the demands of the market, with a proved quality. Two types of systems of post-elution concentration were developed: the single and the tandem. The most appropriate system for the gel generator of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc, being at the same time sterile and vacuum automated, was the tandem system using Dionex 2.5 cc/QMA cartridges. The gel generator is eluted with 10 mL of solution of 0.1% NaCl and the pertechnetate anion is retained in the QMA cartridge and further eluted with 4 mL of saline. The process takes no more than 30 minutes. The elution efficiency of the system of concentration was 90 %. At the beginning of 2009 a global crisis in the supply of 99 Mo took place making it necessary the development of alternative technologies for the production of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc generators using fission produced 99 Mo and the development of an appropriate method to extend the useful life of this generator. The results of this study showed that the same system developed for the post- concentration of the gel generator can be employed for the fission generator, using the tandem system, giving a concentration factor of 3 for the elution of 99 mTc. (author)

  16. Separation of sup(99m)Tc from 99MoO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tomicic, M.

    1977-07-01

    At the present time sup(99m)Tc is widely used in nuclear medicine and its uses are increasing. It can be produced by various methods, and of those most frequently used today two have special features making them particularly applicable to the large-scale production of instant sup(99m)Tc - these are solvent extraction with methyl-ethyl-ketone and the sublimation methods. This report presents a bibliographic review of these methods, their main perfomance parameters, and experience obtained from the development and operation of a sublimation generator. Separation of sup(99m)Tc from irradiated MoO 3 was carried out with high yields (75-95%) after multiple repetition of the separation process with molybdenum trioxide heated for half an hour at a maximum temperature of 850-890 deg C in an air flow. The activity ratio of molybdenum in the separated sup(99m)Tc was of the order of 4 x 10 -5 . (author)

  17. Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxamamide-based tetradentate ligands as a new class of thiol-free chelating molecules for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, L C; Nakayama, M; Harada, K; Nakayama, H; Tomiguchi, S; Kojima, A; Takahashi, M; Arano, Y

    1998-04-01

    Both N,N'-ethylene bis(benzohydroxamamide) [(C2(BHam)2)] and N,N'-propylene bis(benzohydroxamamide) [(C3(BHam)2)] were designed as new thiol-free chelating molecules for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. Synthetic procedures using oxadiazoline intermediates were developed for C2(BHam)2 and C3(BHam)2. Both C2(BHam)2 and C3(BHam)2 formed 99mTc complexes with high yields over a wide pH range (pH 3-12) at room temperature. Complexation yields of over 95% were achieved at ligand concentrations as low as 2.5 x 10(-6) M. Reversed-phase HPLC analyses indicated that both C2(BHam)2 and C3(BHam)2 formed 99mTc complexes as single species with stabilities much higher than those of 99mTc-BHam. Selective complex formation of 99mTc with the two ligands was observed in the presence of human IgG. No decomposition with low protein binding were demonstrated when the two 99mTc complexes were incubated in murine plasma. Although further structural studies are required, these findings implied that the Ham-based tetradentate ligands would serve as new chelating molecules for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals.

  18. To the radiotoxicity of {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ftacnikova, S [Inst. of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, 83301 Bratislava (Slovakia)

    1996-12-31

    In this paper the radiotoxicity and RBE values of Auger electrons for {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals were discussed. Expression for the expected RBE for {sup 99m}Tc compounds is given. For the Auger electrons emitted in the decay of {sup 99m}Tc the RBE(Auger) = 10 and a value of 20 for the radiation weighing factor were recommended. (J.K.) 4 refs.

  19. Sup(99m)Tc compounds for diagnostic purposes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cifka, J.; Budsky, F.

    1980-01-01

    The applications of sup(99m)Tc in nuclear medicine are discussed, such as sodium pertechnetate in thyroid and brain scintigraphy, complex compounds in lungs and liver diao.nosis. Technetium generators are classified according to the method of separating sup(99m)Tc from 99 Mo. Adsorption generators are used, molybdate-99 is adsorbed on an Al 2 O 3 -packed column while pertechnetate-99m is eluted with 0.9% NaCl solution. Also used is continuous pertechnetate-99m extraction with methyl ethyl ketone from 0.5 M potassium molybdate and 2.5 M of potassium carbonate. The manufacture is described of kits for sup(99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals preparation, eg., Diagos I, a gluconate complex, a lyophilisate for sup(99m)Tc-sodium pyrophosphate injections, a diagnostic kit for lung scintiscanning. (H.S.)

  20. Status of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc production development by (n, {gamma}) reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Kaminaga, Masanori; Ishihara, Masahiro; Kawamura, Hiroshi [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Oarai Research and Development Center, Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan); Mutalib, Abdul [National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN), Tangerang (Indonesia); Chakrov, Petr [Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Nuclear Center of Republic of Kazakhstan (INP-NNC-RK), Almaty (Kazakhstan)

    2012-03-15

    Technetium-99m ({sup 99m}Tc) is one of the most commonly used radioisotopes in the field of nuclear medicine. As one of effective uses of the JMTR, JAEA has a plan to produce {sup 99}Mo by (n, {gamma}) method, a parent nuclide of {sup 99m}Tc. JAEA has performed R and D on production method of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc in JMTR cooperating with foreign organizations and relevant Japanese enterprises under the cooperation programs. In this paper, present status of R and D for production of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc in JMTR under international cooperation is introduced and constructions of the irradiation and PIE facilities at the JMTR site are also described. (author)

  1. {sup 99m}Tc generator preparation using (n, {gamma}){sup 99}Mo produced ex-natural molybdenum

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Le, So Van [Nuclear Research Institute, Dalat (Viet Nam)

    2003-03-01

    Theoretical assessment on the chromatographic {sup 99m}Tc generator preparation using (n, {gamma}) {sup 99}Mo produced ex-natural molybdenum was carried out. The relationship between the neutron flux for MoO{sub 3} target activation, Mo-content or Mo adsorption capacity of column packing material, {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate concentration and/or {sup 99m}Tc radioactivity of eluate was established. The reasonably lower limit of neutron flux of reactor and Molybdenum content of column packing material were found out to estimate the production of portable chromatographic generators available for nuclear medicine application. The concentration of {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate eluate of low {sup 99m}Tc concentration using the column elution technique was also evaluate theoretically and conducted successfully in practice. Three options of {sup 99m}Tc generator using Titanium-Molybdate, Zirconium-Molybdate and Zirconium Oxide as generator column-packing materials were prepared and successfully put into use in nuclear medicine application. (author)

  2. Magnesium-Molybate Compounds as Matrix for 99Mo/99mTc Generators

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiola Monroy-Guzman

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available This work reports the preparation of a 99mTc generator based on conversion of 99Mo produced by neutron irradiation, into insoluble magnesium 99Mo-molybdates compounds as matrix. The effect of magnesium salt types and concentration, Mg:Mo molar ratios, pH of molybdate solutions, eluate volume as well as the addition order of molybdate and magnesium solutions’ influences on the final 99mTc were evaluated. Polymetalates and polymolybdates salts either crystallized or amorphous were obtained depending on the magnesium salt and Mg:Mo molar ratio used in matrix preparation. 99Mo/99mTc generator production based on magnesium-99Mo molybdate compounds allow reduction of preparation time and eliminates the use of specialized installations. The best generator performances were attained using matrices prepared from 0.1 mol/L MgCl2·6H2O solutions, ammonium molybdate solutions at pH 7 and at a Mg:Mo molar ratio of 1:1.

  3. Separation of sup(99m)Tc from 99Mo through a hydrous zirconium oxide column

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mengatti, J.

    1980-01-01

    The preparation of 99 Mo-,sup(99m)Tc generator based on the adsorption of 99 Mo on hydrous zirconium oxide column, employing the in exchange technique, is described. The adsorption of 99 Mo on hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) and the separation of sup(99m)Tc, generated by the decay of 99 Mo with saline solution, are analised. The sup(99m)Tc separation yield, pH of the eluted solution, aspect of the elution curve and the adsorption of 99 Mo on hydrous zirconium oxide calcined at 800 0 C are studied. The chemical and radioactive purities of the final product are analysed and the variation of the elution yield for successive elutions is studied. (Author) [pt

  4. Phosphine reduced IgG. A new method for 99mTc labeling immunoglobulins

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arteaga de Murphy, C.; Melendez-Alafort, L.; Martinez-Rivero, O.; Gomez, E.; Ferro-Flores, G.

    1997-01-01

    A new technetium labeling method for immunoglobulins reduced with tris(2-carboxy-ethyl)phosphine hydrochloride is presented. The Sandoglobulina IgG source was assayed for purity and optimum reagent's concentration and incubation times were determined. It was purified by column chromatography and labelled with Sn 2+ reduced technetium in the presence of MDP. The kit is easy to prepare, labeling efficiency is >(97±1.9)% and stable for 6 hours.The immunoreactivity of the 99 Tc-IgG was verified by electrophoresis and Western blot tests. The IgG retained its structure after both the reducing and labeling processes and it was the only labeled species. (author)

  5. In vitro studies of leukocyte labeling with /sup 99m/Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uchida, T.; Vincent, P.C.

    1976-01-01

    A method for labeling leukocytes in vitro with /sup 99m/Tc is described. Separated leukocytes are incubated with /sup 99m/Tc, followed by reduction with stannous chloride and washing with acid citrate dextrose solution. Maximum labeling occurs after at least 5 min incubation with pertechnetate, followed by at least 10 min incubation with stannous chloride. Labeling is similar at room temperature and at 37 0 C. The labeled leukocytes are viable, and reutilization of label does not occur in vitro. In acid conditions (pH 5.2), the elution of /sup 99m/Tc from leukocytes is comparable with that of 32 P-diisopropylfluorophosphate, but /sup 99m/Tc elution is greater at pH 7.2 to 7.4. Neutrophils label more heavily with /sup 99m/Tc than do monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, or platelets

  6. Asialoglycoprotein-receptor-targeted hepatocyte imaging using {sup 99m}Tc galactosylated chitosan

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Eun-Mi [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Hwan-Jeong [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of)]. E-mail: jayjeong@chonbuk.ac.kr; Kim, Se-Lim [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of); Sohn, Myung-Hee [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk (Korea, Republic of); Nah, Jae-Woon [Division of Applied Materials Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam (Korea, Republic of); Bom, Hee-Seung [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Park, In-Kyu [School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Chong-Su [School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2006-05-15

    This study investigated the usefulness of {sup 99m}Tc hydrazinonicotinamide-galactosylated chitosan (HGC) in hepatocyte imaging. HGC was obtained by coupling the galactose moiety of both lactobionic acid and succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate hydrochloride (succinimidyl HYNIC). The coupled product was then radiolabeled with {sup 99m}Tc using stannous chloride and tricine as reducing agent and coligand, respectively. Labeling efficiency was >90% both in room temperature and in serum up to 24 h after injection. The hepatic uptake properties of {sup 99m}Tc HGC were studied in Balb/C mice. {sup 99m}Tc HGC and {sup 99m}Tc hydrazinonicotinamide chitosan (HC) were intravenously injected into mice, with receptor binding identified by coinjection with 9 and 14 mg of free galactose. Images were acquired with a {gamma}-camera. After injection via the tail vein of the mice, {sup 99m}Tc HGC showed high selectivity for the liver, while {sup 99m}Tc HC without a galactose group showed low liver uptake. In addition, the hepatic uptake of {sup 99m}Tc HGC was blocked by coinjection of free galactose. Tissue distribution was determined at three different times (10, 60 and 120 min). The liver accumulated 13.16{+-}2.72%, 16.11{+-}5.70% and 16.55{+-}2.28% of the injected dose per gram at 10, 60 and 120 min after injection, respectively. {sup 99m}Tc HGC showed specific and rapid targeting of hepatocytes. It is a promising receptor-specific radiopharmaceutical with potential applications in liver imaging for the evaluation of hepatocytic function.

  7. The separation of sup(99m)Tc from 99Mo through an aluminium oxide chromatographic columm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Imoto, S.T.

    1980-01-01

    The separation of sup(99m)Tc from 99 Mo using the chromatographic method is studied. Alumina is used as adsorbent. The pH values for adsorption of carrier-free 99 Mo on columns filled with ordinary alumina and with that thermically treated at 1000 0 C for five hours, and the separation conditions of sup(99m)Tc using physiologic solution as eluent are determined. The sup(99m)Tc separation yields of both columns are compared and the quality of the products obtained by successive elutions for 10 days is analyzed. (Author) [pt

  8. A {sup 99m}Tc Generator using PZC for (n,{gamma}) {sup 99}Mo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Adang, H G; Mutalib, A; Suparman, I; Hamid,; Purwadi, B; Pancoko, M; Setiowati, S; Yulianti, V; Robertus, D H [Radioisotope Production Center, National Atomic Energy Agency Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Serpong (Indonesia)

    1998-10-01

    The high performance adsorbent Poly Zirconium Compound (PZC) was produced by Department of Radioisotope, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. This compound was developed as an adsorbent for natural Mo (n,{gamma}) {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc Generator. In the present paper, we report the performance of the PZC for a {sup 99m}Tc Generator which was focused on the yield, on elution profile and {sup 99}Mo breakthrough. (author)

  9. Photo-production of (99)Mo/(99m)Tc with electron linear accelerator beam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Avagyan, R; Avetisyan, A; Kerobyan, I; Dallakyan, R

    2014-09-01

    We report on the development of a relatively new method for the production of (99)Mo/(99m)Tc. The method involves the irradiation of natural molybdenum using high-intensity bremsstrahlung photons from the electron beam of the LUE50 linear electron accelerator located at the Yerevan Physics Institute (YerPhi). The production method has been developed and shown to be successful. The linear electron accelerator at YerPhi was upgraded to allow for significant increases of the beam intensity and spatial density. The LUE50 was also instrumented by a remote control system for ease of operation. We have developed and tested the (99m)Tc extraction from the irradiation of natural MoO3. This paper reports on the optimal conditions of our method of (99)Mo production. We show the success of this method with the production and separation of the first usable amounts of (99m)Tc. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Diversification in the Supply Chain of (99)Mo Ensures a Future for (99m)Tc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cutler, Cathy S; Schwarz, Sally W

    2014-07-01

    The uncertain availability of (99m)Tc has become a concern for nuclear medicine departments across the globe. An issue for the United States is that currently it is dependent on a supply of (99m)Tc (from (99)Mo) that is derived solely by production outside the United States. Since the United States uses half the world's (99)Mo production, the U.S. (99)Mo supply chain would be greatly enhanced if a producer were located within the United States. The fragility of the old (99)Mo supply chain is being addressed as new facilities are constructed and new processes are developed to produce (99)Mo without highly enriched uranium. The conversion to low-enriched uranium is necessary to minimize the potential misuse of highly enriched uranium in the world for nonpeaceful means. New production facilities, new methods for the production of (99)Mo, and a new generator elution system for the supply of (99m)Tc are currently being pursued. The progress made in all these areas will be discussed, as they all highlight the need to embrace diversity to ensure that we have a robust and reliable supply of (99m)Tc in the future. © 2014 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

  11. Transport of /sup 99m/Tc complexes through the blood-brain barrier

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loberg, M.D.; Corder, E.H.; Fields, A.T.; Callery, P.S.

    1979-01-01

    Thirteen /sup 99m/Tc complexes have been synthesized and used to determine the relationships between protein binding, lipophilicity and membrane transport. The lipophilicity of the /sup 99m/Tc complexes was altered by adding substituents to either IDA, EDTA, DTPA or oxine; membrane transport was estimated using the brain uptake index (BUI) method. The BUI of the /sup 99m/Tc complexes was found to vary directly with lipophilicity and inversely with protein binding. These results demonstrated that /sup 99m/Tc-oxine derivatives are better suited for use in the development of intracellular tracers than are the /sup 99m/Tc derivatives of aminopolycarboxylates

  12. Study of the elution {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain [Pontificia Univ. Catolica de Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares IPEN/CNEN-SP, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: corain.lopes@uol.com.br; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: jaosso@ipen.br

    2007-07-01

    Over the last years {sup 99m}Tc has become a very important asset in modern nuclear medicine, due to the emission of gamma ray of optimal energy (140 keV) and a suitable half-life (6.04 h). A further attribute of {sup 99m}Tc is its formation from the decay of {sup 99}Mo and the availability from {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generator systems. The most common and practical generator types consist of a chromatographic column packed with aluminium oxide, onto which the highly purified fission product {sup 99}Mo (imported from Canada) is adsorbed in the form of molybdate. {sup 99m}Tc is further eluted with saline solution. The objective of this work is to study the performance and the elution profile of {sup 99m}Tc from high activity generators in order to decrease molybdenum and aluminium concentration. The experiments involved the use of paper filters and Sep Pak columns and also the changing in the time interval between elutions. {sup 99}Mo breakthrough was measured using a dose calibrator and aluminium by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The best results were achieved using a Sep Pak column containing neutral aluminium oxide. (author)

  13. The Clinical usefulness of {sup 99mT}c HMPAO Leukocyte/{sup 99mT}c phytate bone marrow scintigraphy for diagnosis of prosthetic knee infection: A preliminary study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jung, Kyung Pyo; Park, Ji Sun; Lee, Ah Young; Choi, Su Jung; Lee, Seok Mo; Bae, Sang Kyun [Inje Univ., Pusan Paik Hospital, Pusan (Korea, Republic of)

    2012-12-15

    The preferred radionuclide imaging procedure for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection is combined radiolabeled leukocyte/{sup 99mT}c sulfur colloid bone marrow scintigraphy, which has an accuracy of over 90%. Unfortunately, sulfur colloid is no longer available in South Korea. in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of {sup 99mT}c phytate, a substitute for {sup 99mT}c sulfur colloid, when combined with radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy in suspected prosthetic knee infections. Eleven patients (nine women, two men; mean age 72{+-}6 years) with painful knee prostheses and a suspicion of infection underwent both {sup 99mT}c phytate bone marrow scintigraphy (BMS). The combined images were interpreted as positive for infection when radioactivity in the LS at the sits of clinical interest clearly exceeded that of the BMS (discordant); they were interpreted as negative when the increased activity in the LS was consistent with an increased activity in the BMS(concordant). The final diagnosis was made with microbiological or intraoperative findings and a clinical follow up of at least 12 months. Five of eleven patients were diagnosed as having an infected prosthesis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of the combined LS/BMS were 100%, 83%, 83%, 100% and 91%, respectively. We find that combined {sup 99mT}c HMPAO LS/{sup 99mT}c phytate BMS shows comparable diagnostic performance to other studies utilizing sulfur colloid. Combined {sup 99mT}c HMPAO LS/{sup 99mT}c phytate BMS is therefore expected to be an acceptable alternative to combined radiolabeled LS/{sup 99ms}ulfur colloid BMS for diagnosing prosthetic knee infections.

  14. Phosphine reduced IgG. A new method for {sup 99m}Tc labeling immunoglobulins

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Arteaga de Murphy, C; Melendez-Alafort, L [Radiofarmacia Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico (Mexico); Martinez-Rivero, O [Laboratorio de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Habana, Habana (Cuba); Gomez, E [Departamento de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico (Mexico); Ferro-Flores, G [Depeartamento del Reactor y Materiales Radioactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico (Mexico)

    1997-09-01

    A new technetium labeling method for immunoglobulins reduced with tris(2-carboxy-ethyl)phosphine hydrochloride is presented. The Sandoglobulina IgG source was assayed for purity and optimum reagent`s concentration and incubation times were determined. It was purified by column chromatography and labelled with Sn{sup 2+} reduced technetium in the presence of MDP. The kit is easy to prepare, labeling efficiency is >(97{+-}1.9)% and stable for 6 hours.The immunoreactivity of the {sup 99}Tc-IgG was verified by electrophoresis and Western blot tests. The IgG retained its structure after both the reducing and labeling processes and it was the only labeled species. (author). 11 refs.

  15. Comparative study of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators at base of synthesized gels starting from activation and fission {sup 99}Mo; Estudio comparativo de generadores {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc a base de geles sintetizados a partir de {sup 99}Mo de activacion y de fision

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopez M, I Z [UAEM, Paseo Colon esq. Paseo Tollocan, 50120 Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Monroy G, F; Rivero G, T; Rojas N, P [ININ, Carretera Mexico -Toluca S/N, 52045 La Marquesa Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

    2007-07-01

    The {sup 99m}Tc is used for diagnostic and therapy. It is produced starting from {sup 99}Mo, absorbed in chromatographic columns, loaded with alumina that absorb only 0.2% of {sup 99}Mo with high specific activities of {sup 99}Mo, obtained from the {sup 235}U fission. Given these conditions and limitations, new preparation procedures of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators, its have been developed, using zirconium molybdates gels that incorporates until 30% of {sup 99}Mo, conserve similar characteristics of quality and purity that the traditional generator. The radiochemical characteristics of the {sup 99m}Tc elution, depend strongly on the gel preparation conditions. In particular, the present work has by object to determine the influence of the {sup 99}Mo used type, fission or activation product, during the gels synthesis, as well as the used air flow for the agitation in the gels preparation and its influence in the {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators quality. When diminishing the flow of agitation air the efficiency it increases and in the radionuclide purity of the eluates and when using {sup 99}Mo from fission for the gels production it increases in an important way the elutriation efficiency, the radiochemical and radionuclide purity of the {sup 99m}Tc eluates. (Author)

  16. Dose calibrator linearity test: {sup 99m}Tc versus {sup 18}F radioisotopes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Willegaignon, Jose; Coura-Filho, George Barberio; Garcez, Alexandre Teles, E-mail: willegaignon@hotmail.com [Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira (ICESP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Sapienza, Marcelo Tatit; Buchpiguel, Carlos Alberto [Universidade de Sao Paulo (FM/USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Medicina; Alves, Carlos Eduardo Gonzalez Ribeiro; Cardona, Marissa Anabel Rivera; Gutterres, Ricardo Fraga [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2015-01-15

    Objective: the present study was aimed at evaluating the viability of replacing {sup 18}F with {sup 99m}Tc in dose calibrator linearity testing. Materials and methods: the test was performed with sources of {sup 99m}Tc (62 GBq) and {sup 18}F (12 GBq) whose activities were measured up to values lower than 1 MBq. Ratios and deviations between experimental and theoretical {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 18}F sources activities were calculated and subsequently compared. Results: mean deviations between experimental and theoretical {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 18}F sources activities were 0.56 (± 1.79)% and 0.92 (± 1.19)%, respectively. The mean ratio between activities indicated by the device for the {sup 99m}Tc source as measured with the equipment precalibrated to measure {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 18}F was 3.42 (± 0.06), and for the {sup 18}F source this ratio was 3.39 (± 0.05), values considered constant over the measurement time. Conclusion: the results of the linearity test using {sup 99m}Tc were compatible with those obtained with the {sup 18}F source, indicating the viability of utilizing both radioisotopes in dose calibrator linearity testing. Such information in association with the high potential of radiation exposure and costs involved in {sup 18}F acquisition suggest {sup 99m}Tc as the element of choice to perform dose calibrator linearity tests in centers that use {sup 18}F, without any detriment to the procedure as well as to the quality of the nuclear medicine service. (author)

  17. Preperation and performance of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc chromatographic column generator based on zirconium molybdosilicate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mostafa, M.; Saber, H.M.; El-Sadek, A.A. [Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt). Hot Labs. Center; Nassar, M.Y. [Benha Univ. (Egypt). Chemistry Dept.

    2016-08-01

    Zirconium molybdosilicate (ZrMoSi) gel prepared using {sup 99}Mo radiotracer via peroxo route was used as a base material for {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc column generator. The {sup 99m}Tc elution yield and {sup 99}Mo breakthrough in the eluate were studied as a function of the pH-value of gel precipitation, gel drying temperature and Zr: Mo: Si molar ratio. Precipitation pH-value of 2, drying temperature of 100 C and Zr: Mo: Si molar ratio of 0.5: 0.5: 1 were found to be the optimum conditions achieving {sup 99m}Tc elution yield of 82% and {sup 99}Mo breakthrough of 1.0 x 10{sup -3}%. The gel prepared with the optimum conditions was characterized by BET surface area and pore size analyzer, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), XRD, XRF and FESEM. Technetium-99m eluted from the optimum ZrMoSi {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator was found to have a high radiochemical purity (98% as {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) and chemical purity meeting criteria of clinical grade.

  18. Sodium metabisulfite: a new reducer agent for direct labelling of immunoglobulins with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zayas, F.; Hernandez, T.; Rodriguez, M.E.; Perera, A.; Hernandez, L.; Valdes, M.

    1998-01-01

    A method for direct labeling of antibodies with 99mTc is described. Sodium Metabisulfite (SMB) was evaluated as a new reducing agent of disulfide bridges of the IgG molecule. Under selected experimental conditions, radiochemical purities of the label higher than 90.0% were achieved in most of the experiments. On the basis of the obtained yields an empiric equation which describes the system was computed as: Y=93.6+2.1X5 - 1.36X6+0.9X7. The absence of X4 indicated that the purification on Sephadex of the reduced IgG was not relevant to the labeling process. The most important variables were tin ion concentration (X5), the volume of Tin-Tartrate solution (X6) and the incubating time between reduced IgG and Tin-Tartrate solution (X7). A low aggregation and fragmentation of the IgG molecule was obtained when a SMB/IgG molar relation of 750/1 was used. The stability of the 99mTc-IgG was assessed by DTPA, HSA and L-Cysteine challenge studies. An acceptable level of dissociation was observed in presence of DTPA and L-Cysteine, when the Tartrate anion was used. However the transchelation level for HSA was about 80.0 per cent. These preliminary results showed that SMB could be a useful reducing agent for direct labeling of IgG. Further studies are needed to correctly evaluate it. (author)

  19. Preparation of clinical-scale 99Mo/99mTc column generator using neutron activated low specific activity 99Mo and nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 as column matrix.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chakravarty, Rubel; Ram, Ramu; Dash, Ashutosh; Pillai, M R A

    2012-10-01

    Preparation of clinical-scale (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generator using (n,γ) activated low specific activity (99)Mo and nanocrystalline γ-Al(2)O(3) as a high capacity sorbent matrix is attempted. Nanocrystalline γ-Al(2)O(3) was synthesized by 'solid state mechanochemical' reaction of aluminum nitrate with ammonium bicarbonate. Experimental parameters were optimized to effectively separate (99m)Tc from (99)Mo using this sorbent as the column matrix. The performance features of a 13 GBq (350 mCi) (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generator using this sorbent and (99)Mo produced by (n,γ) route having specific activity 12.9-18.5 GBq/g were evaluated for 10 days. The sorbent possessed the requisite selectivity for (99)Mo and demonstrated a maximum sorption capacity of 200 ± 5mg Mo/g, which is ~10 times higher than that of ordinary acidic alumina. The overall yield of (99m)Tc was >80%, with radionuclidic purity >99.99% and radiochemical purity >99%. The yield of (99m)Tc varied from 7.8 to 2.1 GBq in the eluate for the six days of operation of the generator. The radioactive concentration of (99m)Tc eluted was adequate for the formulation of radiopharmaceuticals. The performance of the generator remained consistent over an extended period of 10 days. The eluted (99m)Tc was suitable for the formulation of (99m)Tc-DMSA and (99m)Tc-EC resulting in high radiolabeling yields (>98%). The effectiveness of γ-Al(2)O(3) as a new generation sorbent in the development of clinically useful (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generator using low specific activity (99)Mo and yielding (99m)Tc with adequate radioactive concentration and high purity suitable for formulation of radiopharmaceuticals is demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Study of gels of molybdenum with cerium in the preparation of generators of 99Mo - 99mTc

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Moraes

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available 99mTc has ideal nuclear properties for organ imaging in nuclear medicine, and it is obtained from the 99Mo-99mTc generator. Four different types of generators are available: chromatographic that uses 99Mo from fission of uranium; MEK solvent extraction; Tc2O7 sublimation; gel chromatographic. This work presents the preparation of gel generators of molybdenum with cerium and characterization of the gels: mass ratio between molybdenum and cerium, structure, size of particles and elution percentage of 99mTc after irradiating the gels. Eight gels were prepared at the same temperature of 50 ºC with concentrations of NaOH of 2 and 4 mol/L, mass ratio of 0.31 and 0.38 and final pH of 3.5 and 4.5. The analysis of the results proved that these gels are not adequate for preparation of the generators of 99Mo-99mTc, since the elution percentages are low, when compared with the gel of molybdenum with zirconium.O 99mTc é o radiofármaco mais utilizado em Medicina Nuclear. Ele é obtido do gerador de 99Mo-99mTc e existem quatro tipos diferentes de geradores: cromatográfico que utiliza 99Mo de fissão; extração por solvente com MKT; sublimação do heptaóxido de tecnécio; cromatográfico tipo gel. Este trabalho apresenta a preparação de geradores tipo gel de molibdênio com cério, a caracterização desses géis com relação à quantidade de molibdênio e de cério, sua estrutura, tamanho das partículas e porcentagem de eluição do 99mTc após o gel ser irradiado. Foram preparados oito géis na temperatura de 50ºC com concentração de NaOH de 2 e 4 mol/L, relação de massa de 0,31 e 0,38 e pH final de 3,5 e 4,5. A análise dos resultados comprovou que esses géis não são adequados para preparação dos geradores de 99Mo-99mTc, já que as porcentagens de eluição são baixas, quando comparadas com o gel de molibdênio com zircônio.

  1. Osteomyelitis diagnosis by {sup 99m}Tc radiolabeled aptamers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, S.R.; Ferreira, I.M.; Andrade, A.S.R., E-mail: sararoberta7@hotmail.com, E-mail: imendesf@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: antero@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Barros, A.L.B.; Cardoso, V.N.; Diniz, O.F., E-mail: brancodebarros@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: valbertcardoso@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: simoneodilia@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Faculdade de Farmacia. Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas

    2015-07-01

    Osteomyelitis, which is characterized by progressive inflammatory destruction and new opposition of bone, is still a difficult infection to treat. The clinical diagnosis in late stages is achieved easily, but an early diagnosis is more challenging. Staphylococcus aureus is a common agent found in osteomyelitis and bone prostheses infection. Diagnosis by scintigraphy has advantages because it is a non-invasive procedure and is able to perform an early diagnosis even before anatomic changes. Thus, nuclear medicine could contribute to an accurate diagnosis since specific radiopharmaceuticals were developed. In this study, aptamers selected to Staphylococcus aureus were labeled with {sup 99m}Tc and used for bacteria identification in an osteomyelitis experimental model. The aptamers selected to S. aureus were directly labelled with {sup 99m}Tc and were evaluated by biodistribution studies. Wistar rats with intraosseous infection in the right paw were used. A random aptamer labelled with {sup 99m}Tc was as control. Six animals were used in each group. The aptamers labeled with {sup 99m}Tc were able to identify the infection foci caused by S. aureus displaying a target/non-target ratio of 2,23 ± 0,20, after 3 h. The control group presented a target/non-target ratio 1,08 ± 0.23. The results indicated that the radiolabeled aptamers were able to identify specifically the infection foci and they should be further explored for infection diagnosis by scintigraphy. (author)

  2. PENGARUH REGENERASI KOLOM ALUMINA ASAM TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KUALITAS 99mTc HASIL EKSTRAKSI PELARUT MEK DARI 99Mo HASIL AKTIVASI NEUTRON

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adang H G

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRAK PENGARUH REGENERASI KOLOM ALUMINA ASAM TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KUALITAS 99mTc HASIL EKSTRAKSI PELARUT MEK DARI 99Mo HASIL AKTIVASI NEUTRON. Melalui kerjasama antara PTRR-BATAN, Chiyoda dan JAEA Jepang telah dilakukan pemurnian 99mTc dari 99Mo hasil aktivasi neutron dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi kolom alumina asam terhadap hasil ekstraksi MEK (Metil Etil Keton. Pemurnian 99mTc dengan metode kolom alumina asam hanya dapat digunakan satu kali dan pemurnian berikutnya harus diganti dengan kolom baru. Hal ini dinilai kurang praktis dan juga memerlukan biaya yang mahal. Dalam penelitian ini dicoba penggunaan kolom alumina asam untuk pemurnian 99mTc lebih dari satu kali dengan melakukan proses regenerasi dengan cara melewatkan larutan HNO3 0,1N setiap kali proses pemurnian selesai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan larutan 99mTc yang dapat digunakan untuk penandaan kit radiofarmaka. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah recovery, profil elusi, pH, kemurnian radiokimia dan kemurnian radionuklida (lolosan 99Mo. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan selama 5 hari telah diperoleh pH ~5, recovery > 60 %, kemurnian radiokimia > 95 % dan lolosan 99Mo tidak terdeteksi. Dari hasil perlakuan terhadap kolom alumina asam dengan larutan HNO3 0,1 N disimpulkan bahwa kolom alumina asam tidak perlu diganti setiap hari. Kata kunci: 99mTc, 99Mo, MEK, kolom alumina asam, kemurnian radiokimia. ABSTRACT Purification of 99mTc from 99Mo activation using acidic alumina column chromatography system from MEK (Methyl Ethyl Keton extraction has been carried out through cooperation between PTRR - BATAN, Chiyoda and JAEA Japan. This method has a limitation that acidic alumina column for purification of 99mTc can be used only once, for the next purification acidic alumina column should be replaced with new column, so it is less practical and also requires high cost. This study aims to obtain a 99mTc solution can be use for labelling of a

  3. Design of an X -band electron linear accelerator dedicated to decentralized 99Mo/99mTc supply: From beam energy selection to yield estimation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jang, Jaewoong; Yamamoto, Masashi; Uesaka, Mitsuru

    2017-10-01

    The most frequently used radionuclide in diagnostic nuclear medicine, 99mTc, is generally obtained by the decay of its parent radionuclide, 99Mo. Recently, concerns have been raised over shortages of 99Mo/99mTc, owing to aging of the research reactors which have been supplying practically all of the global demand for 99Mo in a centralized fashion. In an effort to prevent such 99Mo/99mTc supply disruption and, furthermore, to ameliorate the underlying instability of the centralized 99Mo/99mTc supply chain, we designed an X -band electron linear accelerator which can be distributed over multiple regions, whereby 99Mo/99mTc can be supplied with improved accessibility. The electron beam energy was designed to be 35 MeV, at which an average beam power of 9.1 kW was calculated by the following beam dynamics analysis. Subsequent radioactivity modeling suggests that 11 of the designed electron linear accelerators can realize self-sufficiency of 99Mo/99mTc in Japan.

  4. Design of an X-band electron linear accelerator dedicated to decentralized ^{99}Mo/^{99m}Tc supply: From beam energy selection to yield estimation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaewoong Jang

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The most frequently used radionuclide in diagnostic nuclear medicine, ^{99m}Tc, is generally obtained by the decay of its parent radionuclide, ^{99}Mo. Recently, concerns have been raised over shortages of ^{99}Mo/^{99m}Tc, owing to aging of the research reactors which have been supplying practically all of the global demand for ^{99}Mo in a centralized fashion. In an effort to prevent such ^{99}Mo/^{99m}Tc supply disruption and, furthermore, to ameliorate the underlying instability of the centralized ^{99}Mo/^{99m}Tc supply chain, we designed an X-band electron linear accelerator which can be distributed over multiple regions, whereby ^{99}Mo/^{99m}Tc can be supplied with improved accessibility. The electron beam energy was designed to be 35 MeV, at which an average beam power of 9.1 kW was calculated by the following beam dynamics analysis. Subsequent radioactivity modeling suggests that 11 of the designed electron linear accelerators can realize self-sufficiency of ^{99}Mo/^{99m}Tc in Japan.

  5. Determination of 99Mo contamination in 99mTc elute obtained from 99Mo/99mTc- generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Momennezhad, M.; Zakavi, S. R.; Sadeghi, R.

    2010-01-01

    99m Tc is a widely used radioisotope in nuclear medicine centers which is obtained by elution from Mo-99/Tc-99m generators. Usually the generators are either supplied by the Iran Atomic Energy Agency or by private companies from foreign countries. In this study we have measured 99 Mo contamination in 99m Tc elute from different generators in a period of one year. Materials and Methods: The radionuclide impurity of the 99m Tc elute were studied in two types of radionuclide generators (A: produced in Iran and B: Imported from other country). In-vitro measurements were performed using dose calibrator. Direct measurements were made, using a standard canister at the time of milking of the generators and also in Subsequent hours after milking. Results: The results showed a mean of 99 Mo impurity in generators A and B to be 0.00932±0.0043 and 0.0170±0.0127 respectively. Although the results showed that the 99 Mo contamination in 99 mTc elute was lesser than the maximum accepted activity limit of 0.015%, the difference in these two types may reflect different methods of productions of generator, as well as the quality control procedures. Conclusion: The mean of 99 Mo contamination in generators produced in Iran Atomic Energy Organization was lesser than generators imported from foreign origin.

  6. Effect of iron deficiency anemia on the biodistribution of {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Calmanovici, Gabriela P. [Radioisotopes Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 - 1113, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Salgueiro, Maria J. [Radioisotopes Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 - 1113, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Janjetic, Mariana A. [Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 - 1113, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Leonardi, Natalia M. [Radioisotopes Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 - 1113, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Boccio, Jose R. [Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 - 1113, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Zubillaga, Marcela B. [Radioisotopes Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 - 1113, Buenos Aires (Argentina)]. E-mail: mzubi@ffyb.uba.ar

    2006-05-15

    The distribution of colloids and labeled cells in organs is influenced by their intrinsic properties and by the state of the investigated subject. Iron deficiency remains an unsolved nutritional problem all over the world; one of its severe consequences is anemia. Because iron metabolism principally takes place in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skeletal muscle and blood, we studied the effect of iron deficiency anemia on the biodistribution of {sup 99m}Tc phytate, {sup 99m}Tc gelatin colloid and {sup 99m}Tc RBC (red blood cells labeled with {sup 99m}Tc). Our results show that iron deficiency anemia modifies the pattern of biodistribution of the two colloids assayed. However, this behavior is different for both of them. This work contributes to studies that kinetically and statistically establish that iron deficiency anemia induces a significant inversion in the spleen-liver activity relationship when centellographic studies are performed with colloids such as {sup 99m}Tc phytate.

  7. A new approach for manufacturing and processing targets to produce 99mTc with cyclotrons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matei, L.; McRae, G.; Galea, R.; Niculae, D.; Craciun, L.; Leonte, R.; Surette, G.; Langille, S.; Louis, C. St.; Gelbart, W.; Abeysekera, B.; Johnson, R. R.

    2017-06-01

    The most important radioisotope for nuclear medicine is 99mTc. After the supply crisis of 99Mo starting in 2008, the availability of 99mTc became a worldwide concern. Alternative methods for producing the medical imaging isotope 99mTc are actively being developed around the world. The reaction 100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc provides a direct route that can be incorporated into routine production in nuclear medicine centers that possess medical cyclotrons for production of other isotopes, such as those used for Positron Emission Tomography. This paper describes a new approach for manufacturing targets for the (p, 2n) nuclear reaction on 100Mo and the foundation for the subsequent commercial separation and purification of the 99mTc produced. Two designs of targets are presented. The targets used to produce 99mTc are subject to a number of operational constraints.They must withstand the temperatures generated by the irradiation, accommodate temperature gradients from cooling system of the target, must be resilient and must be easily post-processed to separate the 99mTc. After irradiation, the separation of Tc from Mo was carried out using an innovative two-step approach. The process described in this paper can be automated with modules that easily fit in standard production hot cells found in nuclear medicine facilities.

  8. Radiation damage to mouse testis cells from [/sup 99m/Tc] pertechnetate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mian, T.A.; Suzuki, N.; Glenn, H.J.; Haynie, T.P.; Meistrich, M.L.

    1977-01-01

    The radiation dose and the biologic damage to mouse testis from intravenously administered [/sup 99m/Tc] pertechnetate were studied. The dose was measured for penetrating radiations from /sup 99m/Tc, using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters and calculations from the uptake of the nuclide in the testis, and was found to be 4.9 rads per mCi of 99 Tc. The biologic damage was measured by the decrease in the number of sperm heads in the testis, counted both by hemacytometer and by Coulter counter. In preliminary experiments using external gamma radiation from 137 Cs, the number of sperm heads reached a minimum 29 days after irradiation. Twenty-nine days after injection of 5.8 mCi of /sup 99m/Tc, which gives 28 rads to the testis, the number of sperm heads decreased to 70% of control. The biologic effect corresponds to that seen after 40 rads of gamma radiation from 137 Cs. The damage to mouse testis cells from internally administered /sup 99m/Tc as measured in an in vivo system appears to be at least as significant as that from external gamma irradiation, if not more so

  9. Current Outlook for 99mTc Distribution Based on Electron Accelerator Production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benjamin L. Nelson; W. David Bence; John R. Snyder

    2007-01-01

    In 1999 a practical example illustrating the economical and reliable production of 99mTc from an accelerator was developed. It included the realistic costs involved in establishing and operating the accelerator facility and the distribution of the 99mTc to regions in Florida. However, the technology was never commercialized. Recent political and economic developments prompted this second look at accelerator produced 99mTc. The practicality of this system in 2007 dollars was established to account for inflation and current demand. The same distribution model and production schedule from the Global 1999 study were used. Numbers were found using current rates and costs where possible and indexed estimations when necessary. Though several of the costs increased significantly and the sale price remains at approximately 35 cents/mCi, the unit cost of 99mTc throughput only increased from 12.8 cents/mCi to 15.0 cents/mCi or approximately 17.2% from 1999 to 2007 thus continuing to be economically viable. This study provides ground work for creating business development models at additional locations within the U.S

  10. Achalasia diagnosed by {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate scintigraphy; Diagnose einer Achalasie durch {sup 99m}Tc-Pertechnetat-Szintigraphie

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mikosch, P. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie; Gallowitsch, H.J. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie; Kresnik, E. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie; Lind, P. [Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt (Austria). Abt. fuer Nuklearmedizin und Spezielle Endokrinologie

    1997-06-01

    A 73-year-old patient presented a {sup 99m}Tc scintiscan with a focal tracer accumulation left and caudal of the thyroid gland. Further investigations with sonography, CT, esophagoscopy and barium swallow provided the diagnosis of achalasia as the reason for focal {sup 99m}Tc retention caudal of the thyroid gland. Explanation for {sup 99m}Tc accumulation within the esophagus may be the nonspecific accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc not only in the thyroid gland but also in the salivary glands. Excretion of the tracer follows with the saliva. Structural and motor disorders of the esophagus can thus lead to focal tracer retention within the esophagus simulating thyroid tissue. (orig.) [Deutsch] Eine 73jaehrige Patientin zeigte bei der {sup 99m}Tc-Schilddruesenszintigraphie eine von der Schilddruese abgesetzte deutliche fokale Speicherung links kaudal der Schilddruese. Die weitere diagnostische Abklaerung mittels Sonographie, CT, Oesophagoskopie und videoassistiertem Kontrastmittelschluckakt ergab als Ursache der {sup 99m}Tc-Speicherung eine Achalasie. Die Erklaerung einer {sup 99m}Tc-Speicherung in der Speiseroehre waere die unspezifische {sup 99m}Tc-Aufnahme in den Speicheldruesen mit nachfolgender Tracerelimination ueber den Speichel. Depotbildungen von Speichel bei Erkrankungen der Speiseroehre, die mit einer Transportstoerung des Speichels verbunden sind, koennen dadurch Schilddruesengewebe vortaeuschen. (orig.)

  11. Isolation and labelling of human leucocytes with sup(99m)Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalbaek, H.

    1986-01-01

    The role of the leucocyte isolation procedure on cell labeling with sup(99m)Tc has been evaluated. Separation of leucocytes was performed by two procedures: (1) sedimentation on methyl cellulose, followed by discontinuous gradient centrifugation; (2) methyl cellulose sedimentation and hypotonic haemolysis of residual red blood cells. After washing the cells in saline and incubation with a stannous pyrophosphate agent, the leucocytes were labelled with 5-10 mCi sup(99m)Tc. Procedure 1 gave a higher purity but lower recovery of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and a minor contamination of red blood cells. sup(99m)Tc labelling of cells was slightly more efficient with this method, probably due to the presence of red blood cells. Procedure 1 is recommended for in vitro studies on cell kinetics and procedure 2 is recommended for clinical use. (orig.)

  12. The Use of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution for (n,γ99Mo/99mTc Generator Based on Zirconium-Based Material (ZBM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. Saptiama

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The many problems in preparing fission product 99Mo led into this work to develop 99Mo/99mTc generator using neutron-irradiated natural MoO3 targets and, more specifically, to develop a zirconium-based material (ZBM for chromatography columns that have an adsorption capacity of more than 100 mg Mo/g ZBM. This paper reports our recent experiments in the use of sodium hypochlorite solution of various concentrations to improve the yield of 99mTc in performance of (n,γ99Mo/99mTc generators based on the ZBM. The synthesized ZBM was coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate for improving the hardness of the material. The adsorption of [99Mo]molybdate into ZBM was carried out by reacting ZBM into [99Mo]molybdate solution at 90°C to form ZBM-[99Mo] molybdate. ZBM-[99Mo]molybdate was then packed into generator column, then eluted with 10 × 1 mL of saline followed by 1 × 5 mL of NaOCl solution. The NaOCl solution concentrations used were 0.5%; 1%; 3%; and 5% for each column, respectively. This study resulted in a ZBM which has a 99Mo adsorption capacity of 167.5 ± 3.4 mgMo/g ZBM, as well as in a yield eluate of 99mTc of up to 70%, and the find that the optimum NaOCl concentration was 3%. The use of sodium hypochlorite solution affected 99Mo breakthrough. The higher sodium hypochlorite concentration used, the more 99Mo breaktrough exist on 99mTc eluate.

  13. Production optimization of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc zirconium molybate gel generators at semi-automatic device: DISIGEG

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Monroy-Guzman, F., E-mail: fabiola.monroy@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Rivero Gutierrez, T., E-mail: tonatiuh.rivero@inin.gob.mx [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Lopez Malpica, I.Z.; Hernandez Cortes, S.; Rojas Nava, P.; Vazquez Maldonado, J.C. [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Vazquez, A. [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Central Norte Lazaro Cardenas 152, Col. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, 07730, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2012-01-15

    DISIGEG is a synthesis installation of zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gels for {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator production, which has been designed, built and installed at the ININ. The device consists of a synthesis reactor and five systems controlled via keyboard: (1) raw material access, (2) chemical air stirring, (3) gel dried by air and infrared heating, (4) moisture removal and (5) gel extraction. DISIGEG operation is described and dried condition effects of zirconium {sup 99}Mo- molybdate gels on {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator performance were evaluated as well as some physical-chemical properties of these gels. The results reveal that temperature, time and air flow applied during the drying process directly affects zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gel generator performance. All gels prepared have a similar chemical structure probably constituted by three-dimensional network, based on zirconium pentagonal bipyramids and molybdenum octahedral. Basic structural variations cause a change in gel porosity and permeability, favouring or inhibiting {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} diffusion into the matrix. The {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} eluates produced by {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gel generators prepared in DISIGEG, air dried at 80 Degree-Sign C for 5 h and using an air flow of 90 mm, satisfied all the Pharmacopoeias regulations: {sup 99m}Tc yield between 70-75%, {sup 99}Mo breakthrough less than 3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -3}%, radiochemical purities about 97% sterile and pyrogen-free eluates with a pH of 6. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators based on {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gels were synthesized at a semi-automatic device. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Generator performances depend on synthesis conditions of the zirconium {sup 99}Mo-molybdate gel. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} diffusion and yield into generator depends on gel porosity and permeability. Black

  14. Milking technique of sup(99m)Tc generators and labeling efficiencies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salehi, N.; Guignard, P.A.

    1985-01-01

    Increased levels of 99 Tc in generator produced sup(99m)Tc have an adverse effect on the labelling efficiency of red blood cells and human serum albumin. A two-step milking technique in which the first 1-2 ml of eluate is discarded has been found to produce higher and more constant labelling efficiency of lymphocytes and platelets than a one-step procedure. Binding efficiency of platelet-rich plasma and lymphocytes with sup(99m)Tc is greater in the two-step technique. High activity concentration in the eluate for critical labelling is between 1.5-3 ml. (U.K.)

  15. Producción y caracterización de un anticuerpo policlonal dirigido contra la fosfoproteína del virus de la rabia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadia Yadira Castañeda

    2007-06-01

    Materiales y métodos. El gen P que codifica para la proteína P del virus de la rabia, fue amplificado por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcriptasa reversa y clonado en el vector de expresión PinPointTM Xa-1 T (PROMEGA. La proteína recombinante P fue expresada en E. coli purificada por cromatografía de afinidad y usada para la producción del anticuerpo policlonal anti-P. El anticuerpo obtenido fue purificado y caracterizado por inmunocitoquímica con un sistema enzimático, inmunofluorescencia, Cell-ELISA fluorométrica y Western blotting. Resultados. La proteína recombinante se expresó eficientemente como una proteína de fusión biotinilada de aproximadamente 50 kd, que corresponde a la forma completa de la proteína P del virus de la rabia. El anticuerpo policlonal anti-P detectó con alta especificidad la proteína P en cultivos de neuronas sensoriales infectados con el virus de la rabia. Conclusión. La proteína P recombinante expresada en E. coli se constituyó en un antígeno específico para producir un anticuerpo policlonal que reconoce la proteína P nativa en células infectadas con el virus de la rabia.

  16. Production of the antimicrobial peptide UBI 29-41 labelled with 99mTc by an indirect method; Obtencion del peptido antimicrobiano UBI 29-41 marcado con 99mTc empleando un metodo indirecto

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nevares, Noemi; Crudo, Jose L; Zapata, Miguel; Castiglia, Silvia G. de [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Ezeiza (Argentina). Dept. de Radioquimica

    2003-07-01

    The infection processes are a major problem in human health causing a high number of human deaths all around the world. Diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine is an attractive option in the detection of infection processes due to its sensitivity. The antimicrobial peptides are very important in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, since their antimicrobial activity towards a great variety of microorganisms have been proven. The aim of this work was to obtain the antimicrobial peptide UBI 29-41 labelled with technetium 99 m, by an indirect method via NHS-Hynic and tricine as a coligand, and evaluate its stability and its ability to discriminate between infection and inflammation sites. The radiochemical purity of the labeling procedure was 95.5{+-}1,2 %. The cysteine challenge showed a great stability of the 99mTc UBI-Hynic, and the stability in human serum showed that the 81% of the radioactivity remained bounded to UBI-Hynic at 48 hs of incubation. The bio distribution's studies showed main elimination via kidney of 99mTc UBI-Hynic and the target/non target ratio was 1,81 for infected mice and 1,16 for inflamed mice. (author)

  17. Investigations on the structures of sup(99m)Tc and 113Sn pyrophosphate complexes and of sup(99m)Tc and 113Sn ethane hydroxy diphosphate complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hohloch, M.

    1980-01-01

    The complex formation of double labelling of bivalent 113 Sn and reduced, quadrovalent sup(99m)Tc with pyrophosphate (PPi) or ethane hydroxy diphosphorate (EHDP) has been investigated by means of in vivo distribution in the rat. The molar rates of sup(99m)Tc and 113 Sn to PPi resp. EHDP, as well as the pH-value and the initial concentration is varied. Furthermore, both elements were oxidized with H 2 O 2 in the alkaline medium. Four typical sup(99m)Tc and two typical 113 Sn in-vivo distribution patterns can be differentiated: 1. Pertechnetate, characterized by a strong enrichment in the stomach, forms when all Sn-II has been oxidized to Sn-IV in the preparation. 2. One bone-seeking 113 Sn-II PPi (EHDP) complex and a sup(99m)Tc-IV PPi (EHDP) complex each, which are formed at least equimolar ratio of Sn to PPi (EHDP) and suffiently high concentration of PPi (EHDP) in the physiological pH-value. 3. A non-bone-seeking sup(99m)Tc-IV compound, which is enriched in the kidneys instead, is formed in the weakly alkaline medium or at low PPi (EHDP) concentration. This is probably monomeric technetium dioxide dihydrate. 4. A sup(99m)Tc as well as a Sn colloid is formed at deficient ligand concentration (PPi or EHDP to Sn). The chemical composition of the complexes is discussed the possible reaction courses are illustrated in the following diagrams. (orig./MG) [de

  18. Scintigraphy with 99mTc labelled polyclonal human IgG in rheumatoid arthritis patients

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stanchev, V.; Batalov, A.; Atanasov, A.

    1999-01-01

    The study design to assess the diagnostic relevance of scintigraphy with 99m Tc labelled polyclonal human IgG (HIG) for detecting active synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Fifteen patients presenting rheumatoid arthritis and 3 healthy volunteers are studied on digital camera (Diacam, Siemens). Following iv injection of 500 MBq 99m Tc - HIG, a 3- phase scintigraphy of the knee joints is performed and 4 hours later multiple planar views of the peripheral joint are recorded. Scintigraphic data are comparatively studied with the clinical indicators pointing to active synovitis - joint swellings and pain. Markedly expressed 99m Tc - HIG uptake is noted in joints apparently the most actively involved in the arthritis process clinically, whereas most of the joints without evidence of active synovitis revealed background activity only. The obtained scintigraphic results correlate strongly with the clinical indicator joint swelling (93.2%), and somewhat less with the presence of pain (81.5%). 13.5 per cent of the joints without clinically detectable swelling and 25.6% those free of pain are HIG-positive. 99m Tc - HIG scintigraphy is a highly sensitive noninvasive method of detecting active synovitis, promoting objective assessment of the joint inflammatory process in the course of treatment and follow-up study of rheumatoid arthritis patients

  19. Benchmark experiment for the cross section of the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc and 100Mo(p,pn)99Mo reactions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takács, S.; Ditrói, F.; Aikawa, M.; Haba, H.; Otuka, N.

    2016-05-01

    As nuclear medicine community has shown an increasing interest in accelerator produced 99mTc radionuclide, the possible alternative direct production routes for producing 99mTc were investigated intensively. One of these accelerator production routes is based on the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction. The cross section of this nuclear reaction was studied by several laboratories earlier but the available data-sets are not in good agreement. For large scale accelerator production of 99mTc based on the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction, a well-defined excitation function is required to optimise the production process effectively. One of our recent publications pointed out that most of the available experimental excitation functions for the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction have the same general shape while their amplitudes are different. To confirm the proper amplitude of the excitation function, results of three independent experiments were presented (Takács et al., 2015). In this work we present results of a thick target count rate measurement of the Eγ = 140.5 keV gamma-line from molybdenum irradiated by Ep = 17.9 MeV proton beam, as an integral benchmark experiment, to prove the cross section data reported for the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc and 100Mo(p,pn)99Mo reactions in Takács et al. (2015).

  20. Production of $^{99}$?? and $^{99m}$Tc in the $^{100}$Mo($\\gamma, n$) Photonuclear Reaction at the Electron Accelerator - MT-25 Microtron

    CERN Document Server

    Sabelnikov, A V; Gustova, M V; Dmitriev, S N

    2004-01-01

    $^{99}$Mo was obtained in the $^{100}$Mo($\\gamma, n$) reaction at the electron accelerator - MT-25 microtron of the LNR. A foil of $^{\\rm nat}$Mo(9.6{\\%} $^{100}$Mo) and $^{100}$MoO$_{3}$ powder (100{\\%} ^{100}$Mo) were used as targets. The $^{99}$Mo radiation yield under experimental conditions amounted to 3.2 kBq/$\\mu $A$\\cdot $h$\\cdot $mg of $^{100}$Mo. The $^{99m}$Tc isolation from the target material and other radioactive impurities was realized by means of ion exchange. A possibility of use of the $^{99}$Mo/$^{99m}$Tc generator based on molybdenumcarbonyl was investigated. The radioactive impurity content in the final $^{99m}$Tc preparations did not exceed 10$^{-5}$ Bq/Bq.

  1. Role of /sup 99/mTc pertechnetate uptake in the evaluation of thyroid function

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sucupira, M.S.; Camargo, E.E.; Nickoloff, E.L.; Alderson, P.O.; Wagner, H.N. Jr.

    1983-01-01

    To investigate the usefulness of the 20 min /sup 99/mTc-pertechnetate uptake test, the records of 246 consecutive patients were reviewed. Of these, 192 patients (151 females, 41 males; 10 weeks to 78 years) had at least one year clinical follow-up or a confirmed diagnosis by biopsy or surgery and were included in our study. In these patients, the /sup 99/mTc pertechnetate uptake and hormonal values (T3 resin uptake, T4 RIA, T-index) were obtained. These results were then compared to the clinical diagnosis at the time of the uptake and one year later. All patients received an i.v. injection of 5 mCi of /sup 99/mTc pertechnetate. Imaging was performed using a pinhole collimator and a scintillation camera interfaced to a computer. Regions of interest for the thyroid and the background were used to calculate the 20 min /sup 99/mTc pertechnetate uptake as a percentage of the injected dose. /sup 99/mTc uptake and hormonal values were confirmatory in 158 patients (82.3%): 138 were euthyroid, 18 were hyperthyroid and 2 were hypothyroid. In 29 other patients (15.1%) the pertechnetate uptake provided useful additional information and helped to identify Hashimoto's thyroiditis (8 patients); thyroid suppression by exogenous iodide, steroids or T4 (7 patients); overtreated hyperthyroidism (1 patient); persistent hyperthyroidism (5 patients); different stages of Grave's disease (4 patients); and toxic nodular goiter (4 patients). The /sup 99/mTc uptake was misleading in 5 euthyroid patients (2.6%). We have found the /sup 99/mTc pertechnetate uptake a useful adjunct to measurement of hormonal levels in patients with suspected thyroid disease.

  2. Electrolytic preparation of sup(99m)Tc human serum albumin using tin electrodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Narasimhan, D.V.S.; Mani, R.S.

    1975-01-01

    A method for labelling human serum albumin [HSA] with sup(99m)Tc using electrolytically generated Sn/II/ ions has been developed. The procedure uses Sn electrodes for electrolysis and gives high labelling yields. The amount of Sn released into the final product was found to be much less than the reported toxic levels. A ready-to-use kit for obtaining sterile sup(99m)Tc HSA is described. Tin metal wires sealed in aluminium were irradiated in a CIRUS reactor at a neutron flux of 7.5x10 12 n cm -2 sec -1 for one month. The 113 Sn produced in the wire was used for tracer studies with the electrolitically labelled HSA. sup(99m)Tc in the form sodium pertechnetate in 0.9% NaCl was obtained by methyl ethyl ketone extraction from alkaline solutions of neutron irradiated 99 Mo [specific activity 50-200 mCi/g] in the solvent extraction generator developed at Isotope Division, BARC. Radiochemical purity analysis of sup(99m)Tc labelled HSA prepared by the above procedure was carried out by ascending paper chromatography on Whatman No.1 paper, and 85% methanol and 0.9% sodium chloride as solvents. (F.Gy.)

  3. Effects of concurrent drug therapy on technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate biodistribution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinkle, G.H.; Basmadjian, G.P.; Peek, C.; Barker, K.K.; Ice, R.D.

    1982-01-01

    Drug interactions with /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate resulting in altered biodistribution were studied using chart review and animal tests. Charts of nine patients who had abnormal gallbladder uptake of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate during a two-year period were reviewed to obtain data such as concurrent drug therapy, primary diagnosis, and laboratory values. Adult New Zealand white rabbits were then used for testing the biodistribution of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate when administered concurrently with possibly interacting drugs identified in the chart review--penicillamine, penicillin G potassium, penicillin V potassium, acetaminophen, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Chart review revealed no conclusive patterns of altered biodistribution associated with other factors. The data did suggest the possibility that the five drugs listed above might cause increased hepatobiliary clearance of the radiopharmaceutical. Animal tests showed that i.v. penicillamine caused substantial distribution of radioactivity into the gallbladder and small bowel. Minimally increased gallbladder radioactivity occurred when oral acetaminophen and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were administered concurrently. Oral and i.v. penicillins did not increase gallbladder activity. Penicillamine may cause substantial alteration of the biodistribution of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate

  4. Rapid radiochemical methods for preparation of sup(99m)Tc labelled compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Narasimhan, D.V.S.; Banodkar, S.M.; Kothari, K.; Mani, R.S.

    1981-01-01

    Several inorganic and organic compounds incorporating sup( 99 m)Tc are being extensively used for imaging various body organs. The preparation of these sup( 99 m)Tc compounds with the necessary purity requirements is carried out by controlled reduction of sup( 99 m)Tc-pertechnetate using Sn(II) ions as the reducing agent followed by complexation with various active ingredients. The authors here present procedures developed at Radiopharmaceuticals Section of BARC for preparing sup( 99 m)Tc-diphosphonate, sup( 99 m)Tc-glucoheptonate, sup( 99 m)Tc-albumin microspheres and sup( 99 m)Tc-phytate with high radiochemical purity. The paper also describes procedures for the preparation of freeze-dried kits for single step preparation of these compounds. The paper also describes the authors' experience with various analytical procedures for the determination of radiochemical purity of these preparations. (author)

  5. Studies on {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc adsorption and elution behaviors using the inorganic sorbent ceric tungstate and conventional organic resins

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    El-Sweify, Fatma H.; Fattah, Alaa El-Din A. Abdel; Aly, Shorouk M.; Ghamry, Mohamed A. [Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt). Hot Laboratories Center; El-Sheikh, Ragaa [Zagazig Univ. (Egypt). Chemistry Dept.

    2017-09-01

    Adsorption behavior of {sup 99}Mo(VI) and {sup 99m}Tc(VII) was studied on ceric tungstate (CeW) and compared with the adsorption on the conventional cation and anion exchangers Dowex-50X8 and AG-2X8, respectively. The studies were carried out under static and dynamic conditions. The effect of contact time and pH on the adsorption was investigated under static conditions. High K{sub d}-values for sorption of {sup 99}Mo(VI) on (CeW) were obtained over the investigated pH range. {sup 99m}Tc was adsorbed with much lower K{sub d}-values. The K{sub d}-values were pH dependent. K{sub d}-values of {sup 99}Mo-adsorption on AG-2X8 were lower than those on (CeW) and vice versa for {sup 99m}Tc. Ionic species of both elements were not adsorbed on Dowex-50X8, indicating the absence of cationic species and the adsorption of both elements on AG-2X8 and (CeW) as anionic species. The loading and elution behaviors of {sup 99}Mo and {sup 99m}Tc on (CeW) were studied using different eluents. {sup 99}Mo remained strongly adsorbed under all conditions whereas {sup 99m}Tc was easily eluted. Adsorption of some fission products, i.e. {sup 95}Zr(IV) and {sup 95}Nb(V), in addition to {sup 123m}Te(IV) and {sup 75}Se(IV), as representatives of their corresponding fission product isotopes, as well as {sup 181}Hf, as probable radioactive contaminant was also studied. Solutions of the ionic species of those metals were loaded in mixtures together with {sup 99}Mo on (CeW) columns. Strong adsorption of those ionic species and {sup 99}Mo on (CeW) was found whereas {sup 99m}Tc was easily eluted. Different eluents were investigated for eluting {sup 99m}Tc from {sup 99}Mo-adsorbed on (CeW).

  6. {sup 99m}Tc sestamibi imaging. Can it be a useful substitute for hepatobiliary scintigraphy in infantile jaundice?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sadeghi, R.; Kakhki, V.R.D.; Zakavi, R. [Mashhad Univ. of Medical Sciences (Iran). Nuclear Medicine Dept.; Kianifar, H.R. [Mashhad Univ. of Medical Sciences (Iran). Paediatric Dept.; Ansari, K. [Tehran Univ. of Medical Sciences (Iran). Nuclear Medicine Dept.

    2009-07-01

    Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is an integral part in the diagnostic work-up of the neonatal cholestasis syndrome. However, less than optimal specificity is its major disadvantage. Differentiation between biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis is nearly impossible in some cases with poor hepatocellular function. {sup 99m}Tc sestamibi (MIBI) is a cationic lipophilic agent which is a substrate of P-glycoprotein. This glycoprotein is normally expressed in biliary canalicular surfaces of hepatocytes. This property provides a hepatic excretory mechanism which is different from bilirubin excretion. In this study we evaluated the value of {sup 99m}Tc MIBI in differential diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis. 20 infants with a mean age of 2.41 months (range, 0.1-5 months) were included in the study. Ten infants turned out to have extrahepatic biliary atresia and the other ten had neonatal hepatitis. Hepatobiliary (with {sup 99m}Tc BrIDA) and {sup 99m}Tc MIBI scintigraphy were performed for all the patients. {sup 99m}Tc MIBI scintigraphy has shown bowel activity in all patients, including the patients with biliary atresia. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy revealed bowel activity only in five patients with neonatal hepatitis. Bowel visualization with {sup 99m}Tc MIBI may be seen in patients with biliary atresia and {sup 99m}Tc MIBI has limited value in differential diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis. (orig.)

  7. /sup 99m/Tc labeling of antibodies to cardiac myosin Fab and to human fibrinogen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khaw, B.A.; Strauss, H.W.; Carvalho, A.; Locke, E.; Gold, H.K.; Haber, E.

    1982-01-01

    We have developed a method of labeling biologically active labile macromolecules, such as human fibrinogen (HF) and anticardiac-myosin Fab (AM-Fab), with /sup 99m/Tc at neutral pH. This method uses dithionite reduction of pertechnetate and subsequent labeling, to test the method with acid-labile macromolecules. Complexes of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid with macromolecules such as human fibrinogen (D-HF) and anticardiac-myosin Fab (D-AM-Fab) were labeled and utilized in in vitro and in vivo studies. In biodistribution studies, the /sup 99m/Tc D-HF had a two-component blood clearance (half-times 1 hr and 15 hr) and was 80--88% coagulable. The /sup 99m/Tc AM-Fab retained its immunoreactivity as tested by affinity chromatography; also during in vivo localization in experimental myocardial infarction. This labeling technique provides an easy and efficient approach to the /sup 99m/Tc labeling of other biologically active and acid-labile macromolecules

  8. Technetium 99mTc Pertechnetate Brain Scanning

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rhee, Sang Min; Park, Jin Yung; Lee, Ahn Ki; Chung, Choo Il; Hong, Chang Gi; Rhee, Chong Heon; Koh, Chang Soon

    1968-01-01

    Technetium 99 mTc pertechnetate brain scanning were performed in 3 cases of head injury (2 chronic subdural hematomas and 1 acute epidural hematoma), 2 cases of brain abscess and 1 case of intracerebral hematoma associated with arteriovenous anomaly. In all the cases brain scintigrams showed 'hot areas.' Literatures on radioisotope scanning of intracranial lesions were briefly reviewed. With the improvement of radioisotope scanner and development of new radiopharmaceuticals brain scanning became a safe and useful screening test for diagnosis of intracranial lesions. Brain scanning can be easily performed even to a moribund patient without any discomfort and risk to the patient which are associated with cerebral angiography or pneumoencephalography. Brain scanning has been useful in diagnosis of brain tumor, brain abscess, subdural hematoma, and cerebral vascular diseases. In 80 to 90% of brain tumors positive scintigrams can be expected. Early studies were done with 203 Hg-Neohydrin or 131 I-serum albumin. With these agents, however, patients receive rather much radiation to the whole body and kidneys. In 1965 Harper introduced 99 mTc to reduce radiation dose to the patient and improve statistical variation in isotope scanning.

  9. Preparation and labelling hydroxyapatite with 223Ra and 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Malkova, E.; Micolova, P.; Vlk, M.; Kozempel, J.; Rabyk, M.

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this study was the preparation, studies and investigation of novel nanoparticles suitable for targeted delivery of 223 Ra and 99 mTc. Preliminary experiments were focused on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) and their affinity to 223 Ra and 99m Tc. Technetium-99m ( 99 mTc, T 1 /2 = 6.0 h) is the most commonly used medical radionuclide for diagnostic procedures. Radium-223 is the first -emitting radionuclide approved for targeted radionuclide therapy. The physical half-life of 223 Ra of 11.4 days is providing sufficient time for the synthesis, distribution and administration of the radiopharmaceutical to patients. HANPs labelling yields with 223 Ra were 95 - 100 % and with 99m Tc were 93 - 94 % depending on the reaction conditions. HANPs were studied on FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRPD (X-Ray Powder Diffraction), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), and the sizes of nanoparticles were studied at temperatures 80, 120 and 200 grad C. (authors)

  10. Development and utilization of the inorganic polymer materials for {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator based on (n, gamma) method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yoshida, Kosuke; Ishikawa, Koji; Terunuma, Hitoshi; Hasegawa, Yoshio; Tatenuma, Katsuyoshi [KAKEN Co., Mito, Ibaraki (Japan)

    2003-03-01

    A molybdenum (Mo) adsorbent called PZC (Poly Zirconium Compound) with high efficiency of Mo adsorption has been developed in order to generate {sup 99m}Tc from {sup 99}Mo produced from natural Mo by (n, gamma) method. The {sup 99m}Tc generator using PZC has cleared mostly the technical subjects. By the results of many experiments, cold and hot test with {sup 99}Mo activity from low level (10{sup 5} Bq) to high level (10{sup 10} Bq), it has been confirmed that the PZC method can be practically applied for the (n, gamma) {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generator. From the reasons that PZC has the ability and many merits such as high adsorption capacity (>250 mg-Mo/g-PZC) of Mo, high elution yield (av. 80%) of {sup 99m}Tc, the low breakthrough (<0.05 kBq-{sup 99m}Mo/MBq-{sup 99m}Tc) of {sup 99}Mo and others, the current (n, fission) {sup 99m}Tc generator utilizing {sup 99}Mo produced from enriched uranium will be taken the place by PZC method. In this paper, the practicability of PZC and a newly developed functional material PTC(Poly Titanium Compound) as the (n, gamma) {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generator, and an ability of PZC as the {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generator will be shown. (author)

  11. /sup 99m/Tc labelled ulcer avid agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scopinaro, F.; Linari, G.; Baldieri, M.; Liberatore, M.; Corti, E.; Signori, C.

    1986-01-01

    Sulfated oligosaccharides have some interesting pharmacological properties: they are anticoagulants and protect the ulcerative areas of epithelia by precipitating over ulcers together with exudative proteins. Some sucralfate labelling methods using /sup 75/Se, /sup 111/In, /sup 99m/Tc-albumin and /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA have been reported. Only the /sup 99m/Tc-sucralfate has, at present, the requisites to be used as an ulcer-seeking agent. The aim of this study were: (a) to introduce a simple and easy-to-repeat method for the labelling of sucralfate with /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA; (b) to demonstrate that it is possible to label the sucrose octasulfate directly with /sup 99m/Tc without the aid of other ligands (e.g. DTPA)

  12. Follow-up of a case of subacute thyroiditis with uncommon thyroid {sup 99m}Tc uptake

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Zhe; Li, Chengjiang, E-mail: 10518093zz@163.com [Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China). Hospital of Medical College. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism

    2013-07-01

    Thyroidal 99mTc uptake in the acute thyrotoxic phase of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is always inhibited. However, a patient with SAT had signs in the right-side thyroid gland with transient thyrotoxicosis and slightly high 99mTc uptake levels in the right lobe, low 99mTc uptake in the left lobe, and normal overall uptake. Histological examination showed cellular destruction and granulomatous inflammatory changes in the right lobe, with marked interstitial fibrosis in the left lobe. The patient was thyrotrophin-receptor antibody (TRAb) positive. After a short course of prednisolone, SAT-like symptoms and signs improved. TRAb-positivity resolved spontaneously after 22 months, and TSH levels were slightly low for 22 months. Levels then kept normal in the following four years. In conclusion, high 99mTc uptake by the right lobe was due to the combined effects of TRAb and left thyroid gland fibrosis. (author)

  13. Actions needed to ensure a reliable supply of 99Mo and 99mTc?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cameron, R.; Peykov, P.

    2014-01-01

    The NEA established the High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (HLG-MR) to examine the causes of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc supply shortages in 2009. It undertook an economic analysis and determined that lack of economic sustainability in producing reactors was the major cause of the shortages. From that it developed a policy approach, including principles and supporting recommendations to address those causes. Since then it has looked at the way the supply chain has implemented these policy principles through initiating a self-assessment process, which revealed uneven application and lack of adherence to the key principle of full cost recovery. As part of the analysis, the NEA has also reviewed the global 99 Mo/ 99 mTc supply situation periodically, using the most up-to-date data from supply chain participants, to highlight periods of reduced supply and underscore the case for implementing the HLG-MR policy approach in a timely and globally-consistent manner. This current paper presents the preliminary results from an updated 99 Mo supply and demand forecast, focusing on the potentially critical 2015-2020 period, when two major 99 Mo producers (the NRU reactor in Canada and the OSIRIS reactor in France) are scheduled to cease 99 Mo irradiations. It concludes with a review of the effectiveness of the actions taken to date and indicates where further action is needed. (author)

  14. An embedded system based computer controlled process automation for recovery and purification of 99mTc from (n,γ)99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De, Anirban; Pal, S.S.; Bhaskar, P.; Kumari, S.; Khare, V.K.; Duttaroy, A.; Garai, M.; Thakur, S.K.; Saha, S.; Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Barua, Luna; Das, Sujata Saha; Kumar, U.; Das, M.K.

    2012-01-01

    99 Mo produced 99 mTc (t 1/2 = 6 hr, 140 KeV γ-ray) is the most useful radioisotope for nuclear diagnostics. High specific activity 99 Mo is supplied globally mainly by five old reactors whose routine or unscheduled maintenance shutdown causes supply irregularities that adversely affects patient management in nuclear medicine centres. 99m Tc may also be produced via 98 Mo(n,γ) in a natural MoO 3 target in reactor or by 100 Mo(n,2n) 99 Mo or 100 Mo(p,2n) 99 mTc reaction in cyclotron. To meet the crisis proposals are there to produce 99 Mo by 100 Mo(n,2n) 99 Mo or 99m Tc directly by 100 Mo(p,2n) 99m Tc in a cyclotron. Of the several separation methods of 99 mTc from molybdenum, the most common are adsorption column chromatography, sublimation and liquid-liquid solvent extraction. The conventional methods besides being cumbersome are often hazardous, polluting, require skilled manpower and facilities like fume hood and so are not always practically feasible for hospitals. To address these, VECC and BRIT, Kolkata have collaborated to develop an embedded system based automated 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator from low specific activity 99 Mo using solvent extraction technique, supervised by a PC based GUI. (author)

  15. Evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-albumin dilution curve with simultaneous injection of sup(99m)Tc- and 131I-albumins

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kinoshita, Masahiko; Kato, Shotaro; Motomura, Masakazu; Kawakita, Seiichi

    1979-01-01

    A critical comparison of radiocardiograms with sup(99m)Tc- and 131 I-albumins was made to determine whether or not sup(99m)Te-albumin can be used as a tracer for measuring blood volume (BV) and cardiac output (CO). Simultaneous injection of both isotopes was given to twenty-two patients to obtain radiocardiograms for each by means of a single scintillation counter with two pulse height analyzers. Such method allows for the determination of the energy levels for both sup(99m)Tc and 131 I. The radiocardiographic pattern was somewhat different between sup(99m)Tc- and 131 I-radiocardiograms: The ratio of left to right peak height was 16% on the average lower in the sup(99m)Tc-radiocardiogram than in the 131 I-one. The reason for the lower ratio is explained by greater absorption of sup(99m)Tc-radioactivity within the soft tissue interposing between the scintillation probe and heart. The values for sup(99m)Tc-derived blood volume were 7.4% on the average larger than those for 131 I-derived blood volume (p less than 0.01), although the correlation was excellent (r = 0.98 p less than 0.01). There was no systemic difference between cardiac output determined by sup(99m)Tc- and 131 I-albumins since the overestimation of blood volume can compensate for the underestimation of CO/BV by sup(99m)Tc-study. In view of its rapid extravasation, sup(99m)Tc-albumin is not so appropriate tracer for accurate measurements of BV and CO/BV, although it may be used for measurement of cardiac output. (author)

  16. Evaluation of '9{sup 9}Mo presence in eluates of {sup 99}mTc used in nuclear medicine; Avaliacao da presenca de {sup 99}Mo em eluatos de {sup 99m}Tc utilizados em medicina nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ribeiro, Bianca da Silva

    2010-07-01

    Tc-99m is used for diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine through SPECT technique. It is obtained by the elution of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators. During the elution process {sup 99}Mo can be extracted becoming a radionuclidic impurity. One of the quality parameters of the eluate is the radionuclidic purity, MBT (molybdenum break through), defined as the ratio between {sup 99}Mo and {sup 99m}Tc activities in the eluate. The North-American and European pharmacopoeias restrict the {sup 99}Mo content, respectively, in 0.015 e 0.1% and, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the activity ratio at the moment of administration of the radiopharmaceutical to the patient, should not exceed 0.015%. In Brazil, the control of such parameter is not obliged in official regulations. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the occurrence of {sup 99}Mo in {sup 99m}Tc eluates. It was initially optimized a methodology to determine the activity of {sup 99}Mo in eluate samples. Efficiency curves were obtained for a NaI (Tl) 8'' x 4'' scintillation detector installed at the In Vivo Monitoring Laboratory (LABMIV-IRD). The methodology has been validated through the measurement of a {sup 99}Mo standard liquid source calibrated at the National Metrology Laboratory for Ionizing Radiation (LNMRI-IRD). The samples analyzed in this work were gently supplied by 5 Nuclear Medicine Clinics located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The activities of {sup 99}mTc and {sup 99}Mo in those samples have been measured respectively at the clinics and at the LABMIV. By applying a standardized methodology, the ration between the activities were calculated. The results show that 147 out of 174 samples presented {sup 99}Mo activities above the minimum detectable activity of the technique. On the other hand, only 2 out of 147 samples surpassed the MBT limit suggested by the IAEA and have been detected in samples eluted from generators of 750 mCi. In one of the

  17. '99Mo/99mTc Generator Based on High Radionuclidic Pure Zirconium Molybdate Gel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amin, M.; Mostafa, M.; El-Amir, M.A.; El-Absy, M.A.; Mohamed, O.I.; Farag, A.B.

    2014-01-01

    99 Mo / 99 mTc radioisotope generator was prepared using in-situ precipitated zirconium molybdate chromatographic column. Zirconium molybdate gel matrix was synthesized by precipitation of neutron activation molybdenum-99 from its solution after variety purification processes to prevent contamination of the 99m Tc eluate with cross-contaminants. Greeter than 82.7 ± 0.4 % of the generated 99m Tc was immediately and reproducible eluted by passing 10 ml 0.9 % NaCl solution through the 1 g zirconium molybdate- 99 Mo column matrix at a flow rate of 0.5 ml / min and room temperature with high chemical, radionuclide ( ≥ 99.9 % 99m Tc) and radiochemical purity ( ≥ 97.7 % % as 99 mTcO 4 - ) with ph value suitable for medical uses.

  18. The diagnostic value of monoclonal antibody scan (leucoscan) compared with 99mTc MDP bone scan and Ga 67 in diagnosing bone and joint infection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koukouraki, S.I.; Velidaki, A.; Prassopoulos, V.; Karkavitsas, N.; Vavouranakis, H.; Hatjipavlou, A.

    2002-01-01

    Full text: Nowadays different radiopharmaceuticals have been developed as 99mTc MDP, 67Ga citrate, 111In oxine- and 99mTc HMPAO labeled leucocytes for the accurate localization of bone/joint infection, but all of them have limitations that encouraged the search of new agents characterized from high and early uptake in infectious/inflammatory tissues, low toxicity and no accumulation in non inflamed tissues. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of a 99mTc labeled antigranulocyte Fab' fragment (Leucoscan) with 99mTc MDP bone scan and 67 Ga. The monoclonal antibody, Leucoscan, is an IgG murine Fab' fragment directed against a NCA-90 epitope located on the surface of granulocytes. 45 patients with suspected bone and joint infection (18 total hip prosthesis, 4 knee prosthesis, 8 vertebral infection and 15 long bones) were included in this study. All patients underwent conventional Rx, bone scan, 67Ga scan and Leucoscan. Three phase 99mTc MDP bone scan and 67Ga scan were performed using standard procedures. For Leucoscan the antibody was labeled with 25 mCi of 99mTc and was infected intravenously over 30 seconds. Ten minutes planar images were taken 1 h and 2 hrs p.i using a GE Millennium γ camera provided with a LEGP collimator. Images were evaluated as score 1 (no abnormal uptake), score 2 (probably positive), score 3 (definitely infected) according the intensity of abnormally increased uptake. Results were compared with 99mTc MDP bone scan and 67Ga scans. The final diagnosis was given by the surgical verification with histopathology or culture. All 45 patients had pathologic proof of presence/absence of bone and joint infection. 36/45 were positive for bone or joint infection and 9/45 were negative.30/36 patients with surgically proven bone and joint infection had true positive Leucoscan, 26/36 had true positive MDP bone scan and 20/36 true positive 67Ga scan. Nine out of 9 patients with proven absence of inflammation had true negative

  19. Development of 99mTc agents for imaging central neural system receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    Radiopharmaceuticals that bind to central neural system (CNS) receptors in vivo are potentially useful for understanding the pathophysiology of anumber of neurological and psychiatric disorders, their diagnosis and treatment. Carbon-11 labelled compounds and positron emission tomography(PET) imaging have played a vital role in establishing the usefulness of imaging the dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic and benzodiazapine receptors, and relating the receptor density to disease status. Since the use of 11C agents is constrained due to their 20 min half-life, various radiohalogenated analogues based on the structure of 11C compounds have been successfully developed, providing comparable information. Iodine- 123 is the most widely employed of these radioisotopes; it has a longer, 13 h, half-life. Through the use of 123I, there has been a steady growth in CNS receptor imaging studies employing single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). SPECT, as compared with PET, has slightly inferior image resolution but has the advantage of being readily available worldwide. However, the 123I radiopharmaceutical is expensive and the distribution system outside of the major markets is not well developed for its supply on a routine basis. The ideal radioisotope for SPECT imaging is 99mTc, due to its low cost per dose, availability through commercially available generator systems and physical decay characteristics. Over 80% of all diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging studies worldwide are conducted using this radioisotope. Development of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for imaging CNS receptors is therefore of considerable importance. On the basis of the recommendations of a consultants meeting, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) initiated in 1996 a Co-ordinated Research Project (CRP) on Development of Agents for Imaging CNS Receptors based on 99mTc. At that time there were no 99mTc CNS receptor imaging radiopharmaceuticals available even though work on

  20. Localization of the acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in vivo-in vitro labeling of red blood cells with sup(99m)Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noguera, E.; Mothe, G.; Wyse, E.

    1984-01-01

    For the detection and localization of acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in vivo-in vitro labeling of red blood cells with sup(99m)Tc and sup(99m)Tc sulfur colloid has been sugested. The procedure for labeling RBC with sup(99m)Tc consisted in injecting IV 1 mg of ClSn; 20 minutes after injection of tin 10 cc of blood were withdrawn in a syringe containing 20 mCi of sup(99m)Tc; this was incubated for 10 minutes and then injected IV. Scintigraphy of the abdominal cavity was done in supine position and performed with a large field gamma camera with a parallel hole-low energy colimator. Computer adquisition of images was started 5 minutes after RBC injection and made at the rate of one enery 5 minutes for 45 minutes. 14 patients were studied divided in: a) control: 6 patients. b) with active gastrointestinal hemorrhage: 4 patients had positive scintigraphy. The hemorrhage was documented with superior mesenteric arteriography, endoscopy and/or necropsy. The sensitivity was 100%. In 4 out of 14 patients scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc RBC compared with simultaneous sup(99m)Tc sulfur colloid demonstrated that all patients with positive sup(99m)Tc RBC had also positive sup(99m)Tc sulfur colloid scintigraphy. c) without active gastrointestinal hemorrhage: all of them had negative scintigraphy (specificity 100%). Abdominal scintigraphy with sup(99m)Tc RBC or sulfur colloid are both sensitive for detection and localization of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and the negative study suggests the absence of active hemorrhage. It is suggested that the sup(99m)Tc sulfur colloid scintigraphy should be the initial procedure to study these patients and abdominal arteriography should be performed only in patients with positive abdominal scintigraphy. (M.E.L.) [es

  1. Preparation and characterization of iron(III) {sup 99}Mo-molybdate(VI) gels for the assessment of {sup 99m}Tc elution performance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Amin, Mahmoud; Fasih, Tharwat W.; El-Absy, Mohamed A. [Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt)

    2018-04-01

    New iron(III) {sup 99}Mo-molybdate(VI) gels (Fe{sup 99}Mo) of high Mo content were prepared by the precipitation/filtration method. {sup 99}Mo-MoO{sub 3} dissolved in NaOH was added to aqueous solutions of Fe(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} at Mo/Fe mole fractions ∝2.21 and 1.99 with continuous stirring at ambient room temperature. Two different Fe{sup 99}Mo were precipitated from the mixed solutions adjusted at pH 2 and 4.7. The amount of water of hydration increased with the increasing the gel settling time and pH of the mixed solution. The matrices were characterized by radiometric, XRD, SEM, XRF, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA measurements. Small chromatographic columns of 2.0 g Fe{sup 99}Mo containing ≥800 mg Mo tagged with 740 MBq {sup 99}Mo were eluted with 5 mL saline solution. Highly reproducible {sup 99m}Tc elution indices suitable for preparation of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators were achieved from generator supported with 0.5 g Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} filter. Elution performance of {sup 99m}Tc radionuclide was highly dependent on the gel structural properties.

  2. Technetium {sup 99m}Tc Pertechnetate Brain Scanning

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rhee, Sang Min; Park, Jin Yung; Lee, Ahn Ki; Chung, Choo Il; Hong, Chang Gi [Capital Army Hospital, ROKA, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Rhee, Chong Heon; Koh, Chang Soon [Radiological Research Institute, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    1968-03-15

    Technetium {sup 99}mTc pertechnetate brain scanning were performed in 3 cases of head injury (2 chronic subdural hematomas and 1 acute epidural hematoma), 2 cases of brain abscess and 1 case of intracerebral hematoma associated with arteriovenous anomaly. In all the cases brain scintigrams showed 'hot areas.' Literatures on radioisotope scanning of intracranial lesions were briefly reviewed. With the improvement of radioisotope scanner and development of new radiopharmaceuticals brain scanning became a safe and useful screening test for diagnosis of intracranial lesions. Brain scanning can be easily performed even to a moribund patient without any discomfort and risk to the patient which are associated with cerebral angiography or pneumoencephalography. Brain scanning has been useful in diagnosis of brain tumor, brain abscess, subdural hematoma, and cerebral vascular diseases. In 80 to 90% of brain tumors positive scintigrams can be expected. Early studies were done with 203 Hg-Neohydrin or {sup 131}I-serum albumin. With these agents, however, patients receive rather much radiation to the whole body and kidneys. In 1965 Harper introduced {sup 99}mTc to reduce radiation dose to the patient and improve statistical variation in isotope scanning.

  3. Performance tests on column materials for {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sombrito, E Z; Bulos, A D; Tangonan, M C [Chemistry Research Section, Atomic Research Div., Philippine Nuclear Research Inst., Quezon (Philippines)

    1998-10-01

    To meet the need of producing a {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generator, based on low specific activity reactor-produced {sup 99}Mo, different procedures for preparing zirconium molybdate gels were tested. Performance tests were done on molybdate gel columns prepared using the procedures developed by Vietnam and China, and recently, on a polyzirconium compound (PZC) prepared in Japan. The conditions for the batch drying of a large volume of the gel material were studied as well as the conditions in preparing a column to concentrate technetium-99m. The performance of PZC sample as column material for the generator was also evaluated. (author)

  4. Determination of 99Mo contamination in a nuclear medicine patient submitted to a diagnostic procedure with 99mTc

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernardo Maranhão Dantas

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available 99mTc is a radionuclide widely used for imaging diagnosis in nuclear medicine. In Brazil it is obtained by elution from 99Mo-99mTc generators supplied by the Nuclear Energy Research Institute (IPEN. The elution is carried out in radiopharmacy laboratories located in hospitals and clinics. Depending of the quality of the generator and conditions of use during the elution process, 99Mo can be extracted from the column of the generator, becoming a radionuclidic impurity of the eluate used for the obtention of the radiopharmaceutical to be administered to the patient. 99Mo emits high-energy photons and beta particles and its presence degrades the quality of the image and unnecessarily increases the radiation dose delivered to the patient. An in-vivo measurement technique was developed to verify the occurrence of internal contamination by 99Mo in nuclear medicine patients. Direct measurements were made in a volunteer who underwent myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi. The results indicated the presence of internal contamination of the patien by 99Mot. The activity was tracked for several days, and an assessment of the radiation dose from the contaminant 99Mo was made.O 99mTc é um radionuclídeo largamente utilizado em diagnósticos por imagem em medicina nuclear. No Brasil, ele é obtido por eluição de um gerador de 99Mo-99mTc fornecido pelo IPEN. A eluição do gerador é feita nas clínicas onde se realizam os exames. Durante a eluição o 99Mo pode ser carreado da coluna, tornando-se uma impureza radionuclídica do eluato a ser utilizado para a obtenção do radiofármaco administrado ao paciente. O 99Mo emite fótons de alta energia e partículas beta, e sua presença, além de provocar degradação na qualidade da imagem do exame, aumenta desnecessariamente a dose de radiação no paciente. Assim, com o objetivo de verificar a possível ocorrência de contaminação interna por 99Mo em pacientes de medicina nuclear, foi desenvolvida

  5. Phenolic aminocarboxylate chelates of 99mTc as hepatobiliary agents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hunt, F C; Maddalena, D J; Wilson, J G; Bautovich, G J

    1986-01-01

    A series of alkyl- and halogen-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine di[o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid] (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis[2-hydroxybenzyl] ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) were complexed with 99mTc and their biodistribution was determined in rats. All complexes displayed substantial hepatobiliary excretion; of each series, 99mTc-Br-EDDHA and 99mTc-di-Cl-HBED had the maximum amount in the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies of 99mTc-Cl-EDDHA in dogs revealed prompt imaging of the liver followed by imaging of the gall bladder as the complex was excreted into the bile.

  6. A neutral lipophilic complex of sup(99m)Tc with a multidentate amine oxime

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Troutner, D.E.; Volkert, W.A.; Hoffman, T.J.; Holmes, R.A.

    1984-01-01

    Propylene amine oxime, 3,3'-(1,3-propanediyldiimino)bis(3-methyl-2-butanone)dioxime, (PnAO) forms a neutral lipophilic complex with sup(99m)Tc in >95% yield at room temperature at pH 5-10. The complex can be prepared with generator produced sup(99m)Tc using 10 -5 M SnC 4 H 4 O 6 as the reducing agent at ligand concentrations as low as 3 x 10 -5 M. It is stable in saline solutions for as long as 24 h. [Sup(99m)Tc]PnAO may be useful as an imaging agent which passively diffuses across the blood brain barrier. (author)

  7. Studies on chemical effects on x-ray intensity ratios of K/sub β//K/sub α/ in nuclear decay of technetium nuclides /sup 99m/Tc, /sup 97m/Tc, and /sup 95m/Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamoto, I.; Kaji, H.; Yoshihara, K.

    1986-01-01

    Chemical effects of characteristic x-ray intensity ratios of K/sub β//K/sub α/ were investigated for the second d-group element Tc in the decay processes /sup 99m/Tc99 Tc (two-step isomeric transition), /sup 97m/Tc → 97 Tc (one-step isomeric transition), and /sup 95m/Tc → 95 Mo (electron capture). The objective nuclides were produced by (n, γ)β - , (d, xn), and (α, xn) reactions and were chemically separated from the target materials. The x rays were measured with a pure germanium detector, and the K/sub β/ x rays were analyzed into the two components K/sup prime//sub beta1/ and K/sup //sub beta2/ using a computer program. The chemical effect of the intensity ratio was more pronounced for K/sup prime//sub beta2//K/sub α/ than for K/sup //sub beta1//K/sub α/, as expected. The effect was larger in KTcO 4 than in the other species of Tc 2 S 7 , K 2 TcCl 6 , and Tc metal. The effect in the two-step isomeric transition in /sup 99m/Tc was found to be larger than in the one-step isomeric transition in /sup 97m/Tc. The effect in the electron capture in /sup 95m/Tc (Mo x rays) was similar to that in /sup 97m/Tc although the ratio K/sub β//K/sub α/ was smaller in /sup 95m/Tc than in /sup 97m/Tc, reflecting the change of nuclear charge. The tendency of the observed chemical effect was explained by taking into account the interfering factors which involve Pauling's ionicity in chemical bonding between Tc and its counter atom

  8. Production of kits for the labelling with 113sup(m)In and sup(99m)Tc, at the CNEA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Palcos, M.C.; Kurcbart, Horacio; Nowotny, G.; Ramos, Elsa; Riesgo, J.G.; Mitta, A.E.A.

    1978-05-01

    The actual state of the production of radiopharmaceuticals in the form of reagents kits at the C.N.E.A. is described. This could allow the users to label compounds with sup(113m)In and sup(99m)Tc in an easy and reproducible way. At present, the following sets are provided routinarily a) To label with sup(99m)Tc: Albumin macroaggregates: calcium gluconate; antimonium sulfide colloid, sodium phytate; sodium calcium DTPA; seroalbumin; sodium pyrophosphate; sodium citrate. b) To label with sup(113m)In: albumin macroaggregates; PVP-bicarbonate; DTPA; human seroalbumin. Regarding products in a developping stage, we have: to labed with sup(99m)Tc: dimercapto-succinic acid, set for the labelling of human erythrocytes, set for sup(113m)In and sup(99m)Tc concentration and bleomicin; to label with sup(113m)In: EDTMP sup(99m)In. (author) [es

  9. Evaluation of the influence of pH in the efficiency of the {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc at basis of zirconium molybdate; Evaluacion de la influencia de pH en la eficiencia del generador {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc a base de molibdato de zirconio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Diaz A, L V

    2003-07-01

    The {sup 99m}Tc are the radionuclide more used in the nuclear medicine, it is used for diagnostic and therapy, and he is commonly takes place by means of a generator {sup 99} Mo-{sup 99m}Tc, using molybdenum ({sup 99}Mo) product of the fission of the uranium, adsorbed over alumina. This generator imposes the use of high activities you specify of {sup 99} Mo, as well as of complex processes of separation of the one {sup 99} Mo, generating important quantities of radioactive waste of medium activity. As well as, the production of these generators, demands the use of reactors of great capacity that Mexico not it possesses, in such a way that, presently work is carried out a generator of {sup 99} Mo- {sup 99m} Tc, in the one which {sup 99} Mo taken place by the reaction {sup 98} Mo(n, {gamma}) {sup 99} Mo that it was part from a gel to base is used of molybdate and zirconium. It was found, therefore, to produce a generator {sup 99} Mo- {sup 99m}Tc with the help of gels of zirconium and molybdates with the same characteristics of quality and purity that those obtained by the one traditional generator and that it can be carried out under the conditions technical-economics prevailing in Mexico. Specifically, this work has been focused to the study of the effect caused by the variation of the one p H in the solutions of ZrOCl{sub 2} * 8H{sub 2}O (zirconil) and of molybdates, of the relationships molars zirconium : molybdenum (Zr:Mo), as well as the effect of the concentration variation, time of preparation and consequently p H of the ZrOCl{sub 2} * 8H{sub 2}O in the synthesis of the gel zirconium - {sup 99} molybdenum, on the efficiency of the generator and the quantity of {sup 99} Mo presents in the {sup 99m} Tc taken place by this means. The gel used for the production of {sup 99m}Tc will possess a discharge efficiency of recovery of {sup 99m}Tc and a contained first floor of pollutants, in particular smaller to 0.015% of {sup 99} Mo, main source of impurity radionuclide

  10. Effect of acidity and chemical composition of sup(99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on sup(99m)Tc accumulation in necrotic tissue of rat myocardium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vilcek, S; Machan, V; Kalincak, M [Ustav Radioekologie a Vyuzitia Jadrovej Techniky, Kosice (Czechoslovakia); Nicak, A [Univerzita P.J. Safarika, Kosice (Czechoslovakia). Lekarska Fakulta

    1981-04-30

    Experiments showed that the cumulation of technetium-99m following the administration of /sup 99m/Tc-Sn-pyrophosphate and s/sup 99m/Tc-Sn-oxytetracycline in the necrotic tissue of rat myocardium damaged by cauterization depended on the end pH value. The maximum /sup 99m/Tc cumulation in the myocardial lesion was noted when the end pH value ranged in 5.5 to 6.0. It appeared that pyrophosphate concentration decrease below the critical limit not only affected the cumulation of /sup 99m/Tc in the particular organs but also in the necrotic tissue of the myocardium.

  11. Effect of acidity and chemical composition of sup(99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on sup(99m)Tc accumulation in necrotic tissue of rat myocardium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vilcek, S.; Machan, V.; Kalincak, M.; Nicak, A.

    1981-01-01

    Experiments showed that the cumulation of technetium-99m following the administration of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-pyrophosphate and sup(99m)Tc-Sn-oxytetracycline in the necrotic tissue of rat myocardium damaged by cauterization depended on the end pH value. The maximum sup(99m)Tc cumulation in the myocardial lesion was noted when the end pH value ranged in 5.5 to 6.0. It appeared that pyrophosphate concentration decrease below the critical limit not only affected the cumulation of sup(99m)Tc in the particular organs but also in the necrotic tissue of the myocardium. (author)

  12. /sup 99m/Tc dextran: a new blood-pool-labeling agent for radionuclide angiocardiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Henze, E.; Robinson, G.D.; Kuhl, D.E.; Schelbert, H.R.

    1982-01-01

    We have explored the possibility of imaging the cardiac blood pool with dextran (Dx) labeled with /sup 99m/Tc (Tc) after Sn2+ reduction. Stannous dextran (SnDx) kits were prepared in advance and labeling was performed by adding /sup 99m/Tc. The labeling efficiency was greater than 95%. /sup 99m/Tc dextran (TcDx) was highly stable both in vivo and in vitro. In seven dogs we compared the quality of blood-pool images obtained with TcDx of different molecular weights (4 X 10(4) . Dx-40; 5 X 10(5) . Dx-500; 2 X 10(6) . Dx-2000) and with /sup 99m/Tc red blood cells (TcRBC) labeled in vitro, and determined the organ distribution of this new agent by whole-body scanning and blood sampling. TcDx provided high-quality cardiac blood-pool images up to 60 min after injection. The heart-to-lung ratios averaged 3.7 for TcDx-40, 3.9 for TcDx-500, and 5.4 for TcRBC at 60 min. Whereas TcDx-40 showed a relatively rapid initial urinary excretion and TcDx-2000 was degraded rapidly, TcDx-500 demonstrated the best kinetics for blood-pool imaging. Thus, TcDx is a new radiopharmaceutical with high labeling efficiency and stability. It overcomes a number of the limitations of currently used blood-labeling agents and may become useful for blood-pool imaging in man

  13. Development of methods of labeling pentavalent DMSA with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re; Desenvolvimento de metodos para marcacao de DMSA pentavalente com {sup 99m}Tc e {sup 188}Re

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brambilla, Tania de Paula, email: jtoniolo@ipen.br

    2009-07-01

    Technetium-99 m is the most useful radionuclide in diagnostic imaging procedures in Nuclear Medicine, more than 80 percent of radiopharmaceuticals are {sup 99m}Tc-labeled compounds. {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA(V) has been used for imaging of soft tissue, head and neck tumors. It shows a particularly high specificity for medullary thyroid carcinoma and bone metastases in a variety of cancers. Biodistribution studies of {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) have shown that its general pharmacokinetic properties are similar to that of {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA(V), so this agent could be used for targeted radiotherapy of these tumors. The aim of this work is the development of methods of labeling DMSA(V) with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re. {sup 99m}Tc-DMSA(V) can be prepared by two methods. One of them is the indirect one, through the use of a commercial kit of DMSA (III), by adjusting the pH from 2.5 to {approx} 8.5 with NaHCO{sub 3}. This method was evaluated and optimized presenting high labeling yields. The other method is the direct one, through the preparation of a lyophilised kit ready for labeling with {sup 99m}Tc, being the method of interest of this work, due to the easy of its clinical use. The most adequate formulation of the kit was: 1.71 mg of DMSA, 0.53 mg of SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O and 0.83 mg of ascorbic acid (pH 9). Labeling yields higher than 95% were achieved labeling this kit with 1 to 2 m L of {sup 99m}Tc with activities up to 4736 MBq (128 mCi). The kit was stable up to 6 months and biodistribution studies confirmed the quality of the DMSA (V) labeled with {sup 99m}Tc using this kit. The reduction potential of Re is lower than the one for Tc, so the labeling conditions of {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) are different from the ones used for {sup 99m}Tc- DMSA(V). {sup 188}Re-DMSA(V) is prepared in acid solution, that makes it possible to use the DMSA (III) commercial kit developed for labeling with {sup 99m}Tc, prepared in pH 2.5, for labeling with {sup 188}Re. Labeling yields higher than 95% were

  14. Studies on the preparation of sup(99m)Tc labelled medical tracer compounds: pt. 4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, J.R.; Park, K.B.; Shim, H.S.

    1981-01-01

    A crude extract from a Korean native plant, Banha (Pinellia ternata), has been known to agglutinate the erythrocytes of rabbit, mouse and especially erythrocytes of leukemic patients, Sarcoma-180 cell and Ehrlich ascite cell. The Banha lectin was labelled either with 125 with 125 I by means of chloramine-T method or with sup(99m)Tc by using aqueous sodium pertechnetate (- sup(99m)Tc) solution and stannous chloride as a reducing agent. Their labelling yield was 60% and 98%, respectively. These labelled compounds were administered to mice by intraperitoneal injections and their radioactivity distributions were measured after 3 hours. The uptake of 125 I labelled compound to tissue in mice appeared in the order of kidney, pancreas, spleen, liver, blood, and stomach, but in the case of sup(99m)Tc, it appeared in the order of kidney, pancreas, stomach, liver, spleen and blood

  15. Quantitative evaluation of bile diversion surgery utilizing /sup 99m/Tc HIDA scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wickremesinghe, P.C.; Dayrit, P.Q.; Manfredi, O.L.; Fazio, R.A.; Fagel, V.L.

    1983-01-01

    This is a report of 21 patients presenting with epigastric pain, bilious vomiting, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, and weight loss, who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy from 3 to 35 yr earlier. Eighteen of 21 patients were found to have significant enterogastric reflux indices varying from 60% to 95% demonstrated by /sup 99m/Tc HIDA scintigraphy. Thirteen patients had diversion antireflux surgery in the form of a Roux-en-Y procedure, and 1 patient had a Henley loop jejunal interposition. Postoperative /sup 99m/Tc HIDA scintigraphic studies showed the enterogastric reflux indices to have decreased significantly to a range of 2%-26% (p less than 0.00001). There was marked improvement of symptoms, including correction of anemia and weight gain in those patients who had been anemic or who had sustained earlier weight loss. The enterogastric reflux indices of 10 asymptomatic control patients after Billroth II gastrectomy ranged from 4% to 45%. /sup 99m/Tc HIDA scintigraphy is useful in evaluating patients before and after bile diversion surgery, and demonstrates the quantitative decrease in enterogastric reflux after such surgery

  16. The {sup 99m}Tc generator using poly zirconium chloride (PZC)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wan Awang, Wan Anuar; Dahalan, Rehir; Kasim, Shaaban [Medical Technology Div., Malaysian Inst. for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT), Selangor (Malaysia)

    1998-10-01

    The {sup 99m}Tc generator system has been prepared using poly zirconium chloride (PZC) to replace alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) as a adsorbent. The Mo-98 (MoO{sub 3}) was irradiated using our 1 MW TRIGA MARK II research reactor. The amount of Mo-99 adsorbed to the PZC has been studied and the yield from the elution was about 20%. (author)

  17. The labelling of antibody anti-PBP2a with {sup 99m}Tc; Estudo de marcacao do anticorpo monoclonal anti-PBP2a com {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mororo, Janio da Silva

    2012-07-01

    Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of life-threatening infections such as bacteraemia and endocarditis. Unfortunately, many strains of this bacterial species have become resistant to certain antibiotics, including methicillin and amoxicillin. These strains are known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) is the enzyme responsible for conferring resistance p-lactams antibiotics for MRSA, being one promising molecule for therapy with mAb. However, besides the therapy, the methods of diagnosis are also inefficient because the diagnosis currently takes several days to produce a reliable result. Taking into account, the objective of this research was radiolabeling one anti-PBP2a mAb developed by Bio-Manguinhos/FioCruz-RJ, utilizing {sup 99m}Tc, for in situ diagnostic of the infectious caused by MRSA. First, anti-PBP2a mAb was reduced utilizing 2-mecaptoethanol (2-ME) for generate sulphydryl groups (-SH) and after to be labeled with {sup 99m}Tc. In this work, were utilized two techniques of direct method: Method 1, using tartrate and gentisic acid reagents, acting like transchelant and stabilizer agents, respectively; and Method 2, using one commercial kit of MDP. Besides the radiolabeling, the mAb reduced and mAb labeled with {sup 99m}Tc were submitted to immunoreactivity analysis, with SDS-PAGE non-reducing, Immunoblotting, ELISA and neutralization assay in vitro methods. The quantity produced of sulphydryl groups by mAb was satisfactory, approximately 5 per mAb, utilizing 6.500:1 of 2-ME:mAb molar ratio. The better labeling method was Method 2, with labeling yield of 73.5%, and showed a good stability after 2 hours (73.2%). The better formulation was: 0.5 mg of mAb anti- PBP2a, 10 {mu}U of MDP kit, after resuspended with 5 mL of saline, and 75.48 MBq (2.04 mCi) of {sup 99m}Tc, reacting by 15 minutes. The labeled mAb maintained the immunoreactivity, utilizing immunologic and in vitro experiments. (author)

  18. Comparative uptake of 67Ga and /sup 99m/Tc MDP in rabbits with a benign noninfected bone lesion (fracture)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bushberg, J.T.; Hoffer, P.B.; Schreiber, G.J.; Lawson, A.J.; Lawson, J.P.; Lord, P.

    1985-01-01

    Mid-shaft fractures of the radius and ulna were produced in 3 to 4 kg New Zealand white rabbits and quantitative uptake of /sup 99m/Tc MDP and 67 Ga determined at 11, 18, 25, 32, 51, and 78 days following fracture. Two hundred microCi of 67 Ga was administered 24 hours prior to sacrifice and 1.5 mCi /sup 99m/Tc MDP 2 hours prior to sacrifice. Specific activity ratios (SARs) were determined between fracture and control sides for bone, muscle and skin. SARs for bone were surprisingly similar for /sup 99m/Tc MDP and 67 Ga, reaching peak values of 6.07 +/- 0.64 (/sup 99m/Tc 18 days); 6.58 +/- 0.90 ( 67 Ga 32 days), subsequently decreasing to minimum values at 78 days postfracture (/sup 99m/Tc MDP 2.25 +/- 0.14; 67 Ga 2.18 +/- 0.08). There was no statistically significant difference in SAR for /sup 99m/Tc MDP vs. 67 Ga in bone at any time after fracture. Whole sections of limb were resected on selected animals and activity ratios determined for these sections as a function of the contribution of activity from the various tissues in the volume of interest. Total activity ratios of 67 Ga were lower than bone SARs as a result of the contribution of activity from muscle and skin. Thus, the apparent lower activity ratios noted on 67 Ga images compared with /sup 99m/Tc MDP images in this fracture model were not due to differences in bone SARs but rather due to the higher soft tissue background activity contribution in the 67 Ga images

  19. Development of kits for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for infection imaging. Report of a co-ordinated research project 2000-2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-09-01

    Infectious diseases remain a major health problem and cause of death worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Nuclear medicine imaging, because of its sensitivity, offers an attractive option for diagnosis of focal infections. This needs a reliable radiopharmaceutical that can selectively concentrate in sites of infection. Over the years 67 Ga and other radiopharmaceuticals that localize in inflammation associated with infection sites, also known as 'non-specific agents' have been used for infection imaging. However, experience has shown that an 'infection specific agent' that concentrates selectively at sites of infection and not inflammation would have several advantages. The first such agent developed more than two decades ago was 111 In-leucocytes which is still considered a 'gold standard'. Considerations of cost, availability, and superior properties for imaging make 99 mTc a better label than 111 In. 99 mTc white blood cell (WBC) was developed subsequently and used for infection imaging. However, both 111 In and 99 mTc WBCs have a number of drawbacks, in particular: each patient's blood sample has to be collected and individually radiolabelled; well-trained staff and suitable facilities for separating and labelling the patient's blood are needed; the risk of infection and cross-contamination associated with potential blood-borne microorganisms; and cost of materials. Because of these, considerable efforts have been continuously made towards developing convenient replacements for 99 mTc WBCs with limited success, 99 mTc antigranulocyte antibody being a good example. However, these radiopharmaceuticals still have many disadvantages, related to either their cost and availability or their performance. In view of the large potential for applications in patients, the development of new and improved 99 mTc labelled infection specific imaging agents was considered as a very worthwhile aim for scientific research in general and, in particular, for the

  20. Does the chocolate interfere with the radiolabelling of erythrocytes with 99 mTc?; Le chocolat interfere-t-il avec le radiomarquage des erythrocytes au 99 mTc?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bustani, H.; Colavolpe, C.; Imbert-Joscht, I.; Moubarik, C.; Havlik, P.; Pisano, P.; Guillet, B. [Service de medecine nucleaire, CHU Nord, Marseille, (France)

    2009-05-15

    We present in this work the case of a failure of erythrocytes labelling with {sup 99m}Tc for a twenty five years old patient making the examination not interpretable. The patient reported that she drank a chocolate drink the morning before the examination. it is the first observation of a such interaction between the chocolate consumption. We do not have any explanation at this date, some compounds in the cocoa can be considered with caution. Some flavonoids (catechins and pro-cyanidins) modify the plasmatic and intra-erythrocyte oxido-reducer statute and could interact with the labelling (specific reduction of the {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate in the middle of erythrocyte by the tin pyrophosphate. These compounds, as well as the methyl-xanthine-theobromine, seem modify the membrane permeability of erythrocytes and could interfere with the input of pyrophosphate or {sup 99m}Tc-pertechnetate in the middle of erythrocyte. these observations, in spite of preliminary ones, lead us to recommend near the patients to avoid the chocolate foods in the twenty four hours before this type of examinations. (N.C.)

  1. Development of {sup 99m}Tc extraction-recovery by solvent extraction method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kimura, Akihiro; Nishikata, Kaori; Izumo, Hironobu; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Ishihara, Masahiro [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Oarai Research and Development Center, Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan); Tanase, Masakazu; Fujisaki, Saburo; Shiina, Takayuki; Ohta, Akio; Takeuchi, Nobuhiro [Chiyoda Technol Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

    2012-03-15

    {sup 99m}Tc is used as a radiopharmaceutical in the medical field for the diagnosis, and manufactured from {sup 99}Mo, the parent nuclide. In this study, the solvent extraction with MEK was selected, and preliminary experiments were carried out using Re instead of {sup 99m}Tc. Two tests were carried out in the experiments; the one is the Re extraction test with MEK from Re-Mo solution, the other is the Re recovery test from the Re-MEK. As to the Re extraction test, and it was clear that the Re extraction yield was more than 90%. Two kinds of Re recovery tests, which are an evaporation method using the evaporator and an adsorption/elution method using the alumina column, were carried out. As to the evaporation method, the Re concentration in the collected solution increased more than 150 times. As to the adsorption/elution method, the Re concentration increased in the eluted solution more than 20 times. (author)

  2. Use of /sup 99m/Tc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for assessment of renal function in dogs with suspected renal disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krawiec, D.R.; Twardock, A.R.; Badertscher, R.R. II; Daniel, G.B.; Dugan, S.J.

    1988-01-01

    The effectiveness of technetium /sup 99m/-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (/sup 99m/Tc DTPA) to assess renal function in 13 dogs with suspected renal disease was evaluated. Glomerular filtration rates (actual GFR) were determined on the basis of endogenous creatinine clearance. Predicted GFR were determined by using /sup 99m/Tc DTPA within 72 hours after the determination of creatinine clearance. The percentage of an IV administered dose of /sup 99m/Tc DTPA in the kidneys (percentage dose) was determined. Two equations were used to calculate predicted GFR, which were derived from previously reported linear regression analysis of inulin (In) and creatinine (Cr) GFR vs percentage dose /sup 99m/Tc DTPA in dog kidneys. The correlations of actual GFR vs predicted GFR (In) and actual GFR vs predicted GFR (Cr) were both r = 0.92. The dogs' mean actual GFR was 1.73 +/- 1.35 ml/min/kg. Their mean predicted GFR (In) and predicted GFR (Cr) were 1.92 +/- 1.42 ml/min/kg and 1.85 +/- 1.27 ml/min/kg, respectively. Therefore, /sup 99m/Tc DTPA can be used with high accuracy as an agent to predict GFR in dogs with suspected renal disease. The procedure for determining GFR by use of nuclear medicine was rapid and noninvasive and appeared to induce little stress in the animals evaluated

  3. Study to modify the elution system in a sup(99m)Tc generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delgado S, Baldomero.

    1979-01-01

    The sup(99m)Tc generator is a system that allows us to obtain sup(99m)Tc through the radioactive desintegration of 99 Mo, a radionuclide absorbed in an alumine chromatographic column, the sup(99m)Tc extraction is accomplished by elution and the 99 Mo remains at the column. In this work we try to modify the elution procedure of the generator. At present after eluating the generator, it must be dried with air, in order to support the column in an oxidant atmosphere to avoid the reduction of the technetiate. This reduction causes a low yield of elution, since the reduced species of the technetium can not be eluated. The drying of the column with air complicates a little the elution procedure, and we look to simplify it, the employed methods to resolve the problem were: a) adding an oxidant agent to the elution saline solution, b) adsorbing an oxidant in the alumina chromatographic column, after that the 99 Mo was settled. In the case a) the used oxidant agents were KMnO 4 , K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , NaNo 2 , etc. At concentration rates of 10 -7 M the obtained yields in high activity generators were of the 25-30%. In the case b) variable amounts of a disolution of 2.5 mg/ml of K 2 CrO 4 were adsorbed, the obtained yields in high activity generators were about 85-90%, this second procedure was better, it lets us keep the column wet and it is not necessary to dry it with air, and in this way it can be carried out more easily and efficiently the elution procedure. (author)

  4. {sup 99m}Tc Nanocoll: A radiopharmaceutical for sentinel node localisation in breast cancer-In vitro and in vivo results

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gommans, G.M.M. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, West-Fries Hospital Hoorn (Netherlands); Department of Nuclear Medicine (0030), Medical Centre Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmar (Netherlands)], E-mail: g.m.m.gommans@mca.nl; Gommans, E. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Twente University of Technology (Netherlands); Zant, F.M. van der [Department of Nuclear Medicine (0030), Medical Centre Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmar (Netherlands); Teule, G.J.J. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Maastricht (Netherlands); Schors, T.G. van der [Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West-Fries Hospital Hoorn (Netherlands); Waard, J.W.D. de [Department of Surgery, West-Fries Hospital Hoorn (Netherlands)

    2009-09-15

    This study evaluated labelling efficiency and radiochemical purity of {sup 99m}Tc colloid albumin to identify an optimal labelling protocol for sentinel node detection. Results indicate that a 72 h eluate is not recommended for high specific labelling of {sup 99m}Tc colloid albumin. Ex vivo, significantly higher count rates were reached using a 2 h eluate in vacuum or nitrogen. Labelling 26 MBq/{mu}g {sup 99m}Tc colloid albumin with a 2 h eluate under nitrogen is recommended because of the ease of labelling.

  5. Precision measurement of the half-life of {sup 90m}Nb and {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kikunaga, H.; Fujisawa, H.; Ooe, K. [Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan). Graduate School of Science] [and others

    2011-07-01

    We have produced {sup 90m}Nb and {sup 99m}Tc in the reactions of {sup nat}Zr(p, xn){sup 90m}Nb and {sup 100}Mo({gamma}, n){sup 99}Mo, followed by disintegration to {sup 99m}Tc, respectively, and measured the halflives of these nuclides by using a reference source method. In order to determine the short half-lives of {sup 90m}Nb precisely, an on-line gas-jet system has been employed. As a result, the half-lives of these nuclides were determined with good precision on the order of magnitude of 0.1%. (orig.)

  6. Simultaneous 99mTc and 123I dual-isotope brain striatal phantom single photon emission computed tomography: validation of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 and 123I-IBZM simultaneous dopamine system brain imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kao, Pan-Fu; Wey, Shiaw-Pyng; Yang, An-Shoei

    2009-11-01

    [2[[2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-2-yl]-methyl](2-mercaptoethyl)-amino]ethyl]amino]ethanethiolato(3-)-N2,N2',S2,S2]oxo-[1R-exo-exo)])-[99mTc]-technetium (99mTc-TRODAT-1) and 123I-iodobenzamide (123I-IBZM) are radiotracers for brain dopamine pre- and postsynaptic neuron imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate imaging parameters and crossed energy interference using simultaneous single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 99mTc and 123I data acquisition. A five-compartment brain striatal phantom was filled with 99mTc and/or 123I radioactive solutions with different striatal-to-background ratios, ranging from 3:1 to 9:1. SPECT data were acquired with energy window settings of 15% for the centered window at 140 keV for 99mTc and a 10% asymmetric window at 159 keV for 123I. The experiments were carried out using either individual (99mTc or 123I only) or both radionuclides. The striatal-to-background ratios and energy crossed interference between 99mTc and 123I were calculated. The phantom SPECT images demonstrated that the energy crossed interferences from 123I to 99mTc, and vice versa, were 22 +/- 12.4% and 0.4 +/- 1.0%, respectively. A net interference of 7.1 +/- 4.0% for the counts in the 15% centered 99mTc window can be expected from 123I and a net interference of 1.6 +/- 3.3% for the counts in the 10% asymmetric 123I window was derived from 99mTc. The correlation of striatal-to-background ratios between single isotope and simultaneous dual-isotope was excellent (R2 = 0.99). The imaging parameters used in this simultaneous dualisotope SPECT imaging could be used in future clinical practice for imaging patients with movement disorders by using 99mTc-TRODAT-1 and 123I-IBZM. The striatal-to-background ratios were not affected by the crossed interference between 99mTc and 123I.

  7. Simultaneous 99mTC and 123I Dual-Isotope Brain Striatal Phantom Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: Validation of 99mTC-Trodat-1 and 123I-IBZM Simultaneous Dopamine System Brain Imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pan-Fu Kao

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available [2[[2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-2-yl]-methyl](2-mercaptoethylamino]ethyl]amino]ethanethiolato(3--N2,N2′,S2,S2]oxo-[1R-exo-exo]-[99mTc]-technetium (99mTc-TRODAT-1 and 123I-iodobenzamide (123I-IBZM are radiotracers for brain dopamine preand postsynaptic neuron imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate imaging parameters and crossed energy interference using simultaneous single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT 99mTc and 123I data acquisition. A five-compartment brain striatal phantom was filled with 99mTc and/or 123I radioactive solutions with different striatal-to-background ratios, ranging from 3:1 to 9:1. SPECT data were acquired with energy window settings of 15% for the centered window at 140 keV for 99mTc and a 10% asymmetric window at 159 keV for 123I. The experiments were carried out using either individual (99mTc or 123I only or both radionuclides. The striatal-to-background ratios and energy crossed interference between 99mTc and 123I were calculated. The phantom SPECT images demonstrated that the energy crossed interferences from 123I to 99mTc, and vice versa, were 22 ± 12.4% and 0.4 ± 1.0%, respectively. A net interference of 7.1 ± 4.0% for the counts in the 15% centered 99mTc window can be expected from 123I and a net interference of 1.6 ± 3.3% for the counts in the 10% asymmetric 123I window was derived from 99mTc. The correlation of striatal-to-background ratios between single isotope and simultaneous dual-isotope was excellent (R2 = 0.99. The imaging parameters used in this simultaneous dual-isotope SPECT imaging could be used in future clinical practice for imaging patients with movement disorders by using 99mTc-TRODAT-1 and 123I-IBZM. The striatal-to-background ratios were not affected by the crossed interference between 99mTc and 123I.

  8. Labelling of bilirubin with /sup 99m/Tc and pharmacokinetic behavior

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaempfer, I.; Schneider, G.; Blottner, A.; Deckart, H.; Staedtisches Klinikum Berlin-Buch

    1982-01-01

    The yield of the bilirubin labelling with /sup 99m/Tc amounted to 97%. The labelled complex has been stable for 24 hours with the pH range 2-7.5. As evidenced in animal experiments the labelled bilirubin is probably subjected to natural degradation processes. Side effects could not be noticed. A disadvantage seems to be the slow transfer of /sup 99m/Tc-bilirubin from the hepatic cell to the biliary capillary

  9. Biokinetic and dosimetry of {sup 99m}Tc-14F7-monoclonal antibody in patients with breast cancer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez, Joaquin; Calderon, Carlos; Pimentel, Gilmara; Oliva, Juan P., E-mail: jgg@infomed.sld.cu [Departmento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto de Oncologia y Radiobiologia, Cidad Habana (Cuba); Casaco, Angel [Division de Ensayos Clinicos, Centro de Inmunologia Molecular, Reparto Siboney, Ciudad Habana (Cuba)

    2008-07-01

    Full text: The 14F7 murine MAb is an IgG1 that binds specifically to GM3(Neu-Gc) ganglioside strongly recognizing the antigen displayed in human breast and melanoma tumors. A preliminary report showed in vivo evidences of presence of GM3(Neu-Gc) ganglioside in human breast primary tumors using 14F7 MAb labelled with {sup 99m}Tc. In this work the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of {sup 99m}Tc-14F7 MAb in patient with breast cancer were studied. The absorbed dose in normal organ and tumors was also calculated. The patients were selected from a Phase I/II clinical trial which included 14 female patients with cytological diagnose of breast carcinoma in stage II without previous onco-specific treatment. Three groups were conformed: Group I (0.3mg, n=5), Group II (1mg, n=5) and Group III (3mg, n=4). The activity ranged in 1.11 - 1.48GBq (30- 40mCi) was intravenously administered during 1-2min. The {sup 99m}Tc-14F7 plasma clearance was determined by blood sampling at 5, 10, 20, 30min and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24h after injection. All urine excreted by patients was collected during 24h after injection at intervals of 0-2h, 2-8h and 8-24h. Prior to injection, a transmission scan of head, thorax, abdomen and pelvis was obtained using a {sup 57}Co flood source. Anterior and posterior whole body images were acquired at 30min, 2h, 4h, 8h and 24h after injection using a Gamma Camera (SophyCamera DS7) with pinhole collimator. Static anterior and posterior images were obtained from head, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and lateral images of each breast in pendular position at 2h, 4h, 8h and 24h. Internal absorbed dose calculation was performed according to MIRD formalism using the S values for adult non-pregnant female phantom downloaded from the RADAR website. Self-absorbed tumor dose were calculated assuming those as spheres with uniform distribution of activity. The plasma clearance of radiotracer in all groups shows a monoexponential decay behaviour with biological elimination half time

  10. Effects of triiodothyronine upon the 131I and sup(99m)Tc uptake by the submandibular salivary glands in A2G mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Houssay, A.B.; Gamper, C.H.; Curbelo, H.M.

    1977-01-01

    The organ:plasma ratios and the isotope uptake in thyroid and submandibular glands were measured at different time intervals after a tracer dose of 131 I or sup(99m)Tc. Triiodothyronine depressed markedly the isotope uptake in both glands, but the inhibition of 131 I or sup(99m)Tc uptake by the thyroids was obtained with much lower doses. Thyrotrophin, while increasing markedly the 131 I or sup(99m)Tc uptake by the thyroids, did not produce any change in the 131 I or sup(99m)Tc uptake by the submandibular glands, when given either to normal or to triiodothyronine-inhibited mice. (author)

  11. 99mTc ovalbumin labelled eggs for gastric emptying scintigraphy: in-vitro comparison of solid food markers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blanc, Frédérique; Salaun, Pierre Y; Couturier, Olivier; Querellou, Solène; Le Duc-Pennec, Alexandra; Mougin-Degraef, Marie; Bizais, Yves; Legendre, Jean M

    2005-11-01

    The reliability of solid phase gastric emptying measurements by scintigraphy requires a marker that remains within the solid component of the test meal, and which is not degraded by the gastric juice throughout the scintigraphic procedure. In Europe, foods are most often labelled with 99mTc rhenium sulfide macrocolloid (RSMC) but this solid phase marker was withdrawn from the market in January 2004. To test other potential solid phase markers and to compare them to the reference marker RSMC. These markers were rhenium sulfide nanocolloid (RSNC), tin fluoride colloid (TFC), phytates and two albumins (Alb and AlbC). All were radiolabelled with 99mTc. After quality control, each 99mTc marker was incorporated into the albumin of one egg. Then, egg white and yolk were mixed together, and a well-cooked omelette was prepared. Aliquots of the omelette were incubated with an acidic solution of pepsin at 37 degrees C which mimicked gastric juice. Unbound radioactivity in the supernatant fraction was measured at various times up to 3 h. The radiochemical purity was > 95% for all radiopharmaceuticals. During the in-vitro incubation, the percentage of 99mTc labelled colloids released from the omelette increased continuously: after 3 h, 5% for TFC and RSMC, 8% for phytates, and > 9% for the two albumins and RSNC. Considering quality controls and release of 99mTc during in-vitro incubation of the omelette, TFC showed the same behaviour as the reference marker RSMC. Thus, TFC seems to be the best candidate to replace RSMC for the radiolabelling of the solid phase of the gastric emptying test meal.

  12. Our experience with B.A.R.C. sup(99m)Tc generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Padmanabhan, V.; Pandurengan, N.; Lakshmanan, A.V.

    1980-01-01

    sup(99m)Tc has been eluted from its parent 99 Mo by solvent extraction method. It is pointed out that there is considerable variation in the eluted activity in day to day practice and any administration of the isotope to the patient must be measured in an isotope calibrator. Operator dose levels have been recorded which are quite within the permissible levels. (auth.)

  13. Phenolic aminocarboxylate chelates of sup(99m)Tc as hepatobiliary agents

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hunt, F.C.; Maddalena, D.J.; Wilson, J.G.; Bautovich, G.J.

    1986-01-01

    A series of alkyl- and halogen-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine di(omicron-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl) ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) were complexed with sup(99m)Tc and their biodistribution was determined in rats. All complexes displayed substantial hepatobiliary excretion; of each series, sup(99m)Tc-Br-EDDHA and sup(99m)Tc-di-Cl-HBED had the maximum amount in the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies of sup(99m)Tc-Cl-EDDHA in dogs revealed prompt imaging of the liver followed by imaging of the gall bladder as the complex was excreted into the bile.

  14. Phenolic aminocarboxylate chelates of sup(99m)Tc as hepatobiliary agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hunt, F.C.; Maddalena, D.J.; Wilson, J.G.; Bautovich, G.J.

    1986-01-01

    A series of alkyl- and halogen-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine di[omicron-hydroxyphenylacetic acid] (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis[2-hydroxybenzyl] ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) were complexed with sup(99m)Tc and their biodistribution was determined in rats. All complexes displayed substantial hepatobiliary excretion; of each series, sup(99m)Tc-Br-EDDHA and sup(99m)Tc-di-Cl-HBED had the maximum amount in the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies of sup(99m)Tc-Cl-EDDHA in dogs revealed prompt imaging of the liver followed by imaging of the gall bladder as the complex was excreted into the bile. (author)

  15. Study of different absorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of {sup 99}Mo - {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto, E-mail: paulinhacorain@usp.b, E-mail: jaosso@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2009-07-01

    Amongst some currently radioisotopes, {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re present adequate decay properties for use in Nuclear Medicine. In the current times the most diagnosis examinations are performed with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re is one radioisotope of potential use in therapy techniques. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molybdenum and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum and tungsten were percolated through different chromatographic columns containing different commercial adsorbent materials such as: PZC (poly-zirconium compound), acid alumina and calcinated alumina used in the routine preparation of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators at IPEN. The tungsten ({sup 188}W), as well the PZC used in this project, supplied by Russia and Japan, respectively, through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and used without any previous preparation. Also trace amounts of {sup 99}Mo and {sup 188}W were added to the initial solutions and the generators were assembled. The {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators were then eluted with known volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution every 24 hours whereas the {sup 188}W-{sup 188}Re generators were eluted every 48 hours. The eluted samples were analyzed by Gamma Spectroscopy and later submitted to quality control evaluation. The results showed that the PZC presents superior retention capacity for Mo of 97.50mg Mo/gPZC, higher than in acid and calcinated alumina, however the elution efficiency at lower pHs is not so high. With regards to the experiments carried out with {sup 188}W and alumina, it was verified that the elution efficiency of {sup 188}Re was not reproducible and the retention capacity of W was 90.23mgW/gAl{sub 2}O{sub 3} at pH 7. (author)

  16. Alternative generators of the 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khujaev, S.

    2004-01-01

    9 9mTc is the most widely used radionuclide in nuclear medicine. 9 9mTc radionuclide is obtained from a generator, in which 9 9Mo servest as the parent radionuclide. In the generator 9 9mTc and 9 9Mo radionuclides are found in genetic balance and 9 9mTc radionuclide is chemically extracted from the system periodically. Although there already exists many ways and variants of manufacturing 9 9mTc generators, search for new variants of the 9 9Mo → 9 9mTc generator systems continue. An example is the investigations carried out with the support of the IAEA. In these research works, generators based on elution of poly molybdate gels have been developed and evaluated. These generators will be serving as alternative technologies for production of 9 9mTc radionuclide, which use 9 9Mo produced by non-fission means. It is known that in Australia and China more than 30% of 9 9mTc generators are gel-generators. The works of authors are devoted to the problem of searching new perspective materials as a column material that will serve as adsorbent. The main purpose of all the research on alternative technologies is the usage of parent radionuclide 9 9Mo that is obtained from 9 8Mo(n, γ) 9 9Mo reaction instead of as a fission product. Our work examines the possibility of reception of generators 9 9Mo → 9 9mTc using non-fission 9 9Mo that is based on insoluble salts of molybdate

  17. Discussion on twenty-two hepatobiliary scintigraphs performed with technetium 99m-labelled N-(2,6 dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid (or HIDA-99mTc) at the Val-de-Grace Army Instruction Hospital

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoste, Philippe.

    1978-12-01

    Intraveinously injected technetium 99m-labelled N-(2,6 dimethyl-phenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetic acid, or HIDA-99mTc, is taken up by the hepatocytes and secreted in the bile, a fraction being normally eliminated by the kidneys. Isotopic examination with HIDA-99mTc gives valuable information on the morphology of the liver during the first minutes of the test, thus revealing the presence of parenchyma disease. In all observed cases of secondary hepatic localisations in particular the HIDA-99mTc images overlie those obtained with technetium colloids. By the examination it is also possible: - to establish the existence or otherwise of a functional vesicle, - to follow the path of the radiotracer along the bile duct. In short, HIDA-99mTc hepatobiliary scintigraphy is particularly useful for the study of hepatocyte uptake and bile elimination since it allows a continuous quantitative study of the liver-bile function under given physiological conditions [fr

  18. Compensation of Cross-Contamination in Simultaneous 201Tl/99mTc Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Faraz Kalantari

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: It is a common protocol to use 201Tl for the rest and 99mTc for the stress cardiac SPECT imaging. Theoretically, both types of imaging may be performed simultaneously using different energy windows for each radionuclide. However, a potential limitation is the cross-contamination of scattered photons from 99mTc and collimator X-rays into the 201Tl energy window. We used a middle energy window method to correct this cross-contamination. Material and Methods: Using NCAT, a typical software torso phantom was generated. An extremely thin line source of 99mTc activity was placed inside the cardiac region of the phantom and no activity in the other parts.  The SimSET Monte Carlo simulator was used to image the phantom in different energy windows. To find the relationship between projections in different energy windows, deconvolution theory was used. We investigated the ability of the suggested functions in three steps: Monte Carlo simulation, phantom experiment and clinical study. In the last step, SPECT images of eleven patients who had angiographic data were acquired in different energy windows. All of these images were compared by determining the contrast between a defect or left ventricle cavity and the myocardium. Results: We found a new 2D kernel which had an exponential pattern with a much higher center. This function was used for modeling 99mTc down scatter distribution from the middle window image. X-ray distribution in the 201Tl window was also modeled as the 99mTc photopeak image convolved by a Gaussian function. Significant improvements in the contrasts of the simultaneous dual 201Tl images were found in each step before and after reconstruction. In comparison with other similar methods, better results were acquired using our suggested functions. Conclusion: Our results showed contrast improvement in thallium images after correction, however, many other parameters should be evaluated for clinical approaches. There are many

  19. 99MTC Alpha-Fetoprotein: A Novel, Specific Agent for the Detection of Human Breast Cancer

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Line, Bruce

    1998-01-01

    .... We have demonstrated that technetium-99m radiolabeled human alpha-fetoprotein (99mTc AFP) localizes in human breast cancer cells in-vivo, most likely concentrating in breast cancer cells due to a specific receptor not found in normal adult breast tissue...

  20. 99MTC Alpha-Fetoprotein: A Novel, Specific Agent for the Detection of Human Breast Cancer

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Line, Bruce

    1999-01-01

    .... We have demonstrated that technetium-99m radiolabeled human alpha-fetoprotein (99mTc AFP) localizes in human breast cancer cells in-vivo, most likely concentrating in breast cancer cells due to a specific receptor not found in normal adult breast tissue...

  1. 99mTc human IgG radiolabelled by HYNIC. Biodistribution and scintigraphy of experimentally induced inflammatory lesions in animal model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karczmarczyk, U.; Markiewicz, A.; Mikolajczak, R.; Michalik, J.; Lisiak, E.; Bilski, M.; Pietrzykowski, J.

    2004-01-01

    Our goal was the efficient labelling of highly purified human gammaglobulin. This radioactive protein fraction can be used as a basic compound of radiopharmaceutical formulation for inflammation lesion diagnosis. This application was experimentally illustrated in animal models with artificially induced inflammatory lesions after turpentine oil injection into mouse leg muscle. Hydrazine nicotinamine derivative of human gammaglobulin (IgG-HYNIC) was synthesized according to Abrams method. The radionuclide: technetium 99mT c has been introduced into protein molecules by indirect method incorporation in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, in the presence of stannous chloride as a reducing agent for sodium pertechnetate, and EDTA as a coligand. Radiochemical purity was estimated by thin layer chromatography. The stability of labelled IgG-HYNIC derivative in human serum in presence of copper, cobalt, iron and manganese salts was analyzed by HPLC method (BioSEP SEC 4000, eluent: 0.1mol/L phosphate). Inflammation lesions were induced in Balb/3 mice muscles by injection of 0.2 ml turpentine oil into the leg muscle. Five days later, inflammation lesions were visualized by hIgG-HYNIC- 99mT c injections. The tracer accumulation in tissue was evaluated by gamma camera at 1 to 24 hour intervals. Efficiency of technetium 99mT c human gammaglobulin labelling (pH 7.4, temp. 37 o C) was strictly dependant on ligand and coligand presence in the reaction mixture. Labelling of IgG molecules without any supplements resulted in very low efficiency, never exceeding the range of 5%. Presence of EDTA or hydrazine nicotinamide (HYNIC) conjugated with IgG increased radiolabelling efficiency to 50%. IgG-HYNIC derivative in EDTA presence enables us to reach value above 95% radiochemical purity. Stability of IgG-HYNIC derivative labelled with technetium 99mT c decreased rapidly in serum in time - up to 70% of initial value in 30 minutes and only 20% during further 4 hr incubation. This means that as much

  2. Detection of metastatic bone cancer by scintiscanning with sup(99m)Tc labelled sodium pyrophosphate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kromer, Bernard.

    1973-01-01

    Bone scanning with sup(99m)Tc sodium pyrophosphate was performed in 65 patients with primary neoplasms, using a gamma-camera. The scans are compared to those obtained with 85 Sr and 87 Sr. Sup(99m)Tc appears to be superior to the other two in the detection of metastatic bone lesions, mainly because of its physical characteristics (high yield of 140 KeV photons, short physical half-life). The advantages related to these characteristics are emphasized: possibility of rapid and systematic investigation of the whole skeleton using a gamma-camera; low dose irradiation of the patient which enables frequent repetitive studies to be performed [fr

  3. Quality audit programme for {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I radioactivity measurements with radionuclide calibrators

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Joseph, Leena [Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India)], E-mail: leena@barc.gov.in; Anuradha, R.; Kulkarni, D.B. [Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India)

    2008-06-15

    The use of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and therapy has increased over the years with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I being most widely used. Quality audit programmes for radioactivity measurements of {sup 131}I have been ongoing and the 12th audit was recently conducted among seventy nuclear medicine centres (NMC) in India. An audit for the activity measurements of {sup 99m}Tc was conducted for the first time among ten NMCs in Mumbai, India. These programmes for radioactivity measurements have become very important to establish traceability of measurements to national and international standards and ensure accurate calibration of radionuclide calibrators. The results of both the audits are very encouraging. Ninety-four percent of the NMCs for {sup 131}I activity measurements were within a window of {+-}10% and for {sup 99m}Tc one NMC was deviating more than {+-}10%. The methodology adopted for the audit and results are discussed in detail in this paper.

  4. Evaluation of sup(99m)Tc labeled amino acids as radiopharmaceuticals, 4. S-substituted cysteines and N-substituted iminodiacetic acids

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karube, Yoshiharu; Maeda, Tatsuo; Ohya, Masato; Sugata, Setsuro; Kono, Akira (Kyushu Cancer Center Research Inst., Fukuoka (Japan)); Matsushima, Yoshikazu

    1982-06-01

    Sixteen sup(99m)Tc labeled ligands were evaluated as scintigraphic agents. The ligands studied were cysteine, glutathione, their S-substituted derivatives, lysine-N sup(epsilon), N sup(epsilon)-diacetic acid, glycylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid, glycylglycylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid, taurine-N,N-diacetic acid, hydrazine-N,N-diacetic acid, ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid, and propylne-1,3-diamine-N/sup 1/-,N/sup 1/-diacetic acid. The ligands were labeled with sup(99m)Tc by the SnCl/sub 2/ method with more than 95% yield. The in vivo behavior of the sup(99m)Tc labeled ligands were studied in golden hamsters and dogs. The organ distribution in golden hamsters indicated clearance both by hepatobiliary and renal systems. The pancreas/blood ratios were much lower in the sup(99m)Tc ligands than in /sup 75/Se-selenomethionine. Scintigraphic studies in dogs showed that the liver and kidneys were well visualized but the accumulation by the pancreas was not sufficient for clear visualization.

  5. A new inorganic adsorbent of (n, {gamma}){sup 99}Mo for the practical {sup 99m}Tc generator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hasegawa, Y; Nishino, M [Kaken Co., Asahi, Ibaraki (Japan). Functional Materials Inst.; Ishikawa, K; Tatenuma, K; Kurosawa, K; Tanase, M; Yamabayashi, H

    1998-10-01

    Technetium-99m is used most widely in diagnostic nuclear medicine. By the milking procedure, it is normally eluted as the daughter nuclide from {sup 99}Mo adsorbed in an alumina column as a generator. Molybdenum-99 with high specific activity has been produced in large quantities from the fission of irradiated {sup 235}U. However, the production process involves the troublesome handling process of various fission products in the high radiation field and generates highly radioactive and poisonous wastes. To avoid these drawbacks, some gel generators have been proposed. They are of zirconium molybdate, zirconium molybdophosphate or titanium molybdate gel, which are able to be applied to {sup 99}Mo obtained easily by (n, {gamma}) reaction of natural Mo. However, it has become apparent that the gel has been prepared only under certain strict conditions such as concentrations and reaction temperature, and eventually the elution rate of {sup 99m}Tc was unstable because of any influences of the gel preparation conditions. We have developed and reported a new inorganic adsorbent (Polyinorganic Zirconium Compound: PZC) of {sup 99}Mo with a low specific activity obtained by (n, {gamma}) reaction to overcome the problems of gel generators above mentioned. PZC was prepared from ZrCl{sub 4} and isopropyl alcohol. The adsorbed amount of {sup 99}Mo (Mo) to PZC was about 200 mg/g-PZC, and the yield of {sup 99m}Tc was about 80%. And the breakthrough of {sup 99}Mo was less than 0.5%. In this paper, the properties of the improved PZC, performance of generators with {sup 99}Mo loaded from 0.5 to 470 MBq, and a method to reduce the breakthrough of {sup 99}Mo are described. (author)

  6. Technetium /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated albumin lung scans. Use in chronic childhood asthma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hyde, J.S.; Koch, D.F.; Isenberg, P.D.; Werner, P.

    1976-01-01

    Serial roentgenograms and technetium /sub 99m/Tc macroaggregated albumin lung scans were done simultaneously in 30 bronchodilator-dependent asthmatic children and young adults during both relative remission and attacks of status asthmaticus. When chest roentgenograms showed air trapping and increased peribronchial vascular markings associated with persistent perfusion defects, the children benefited from further laboratory studies and continuous comprehensive therapy. Serial scans provided information about underperfusion that was not discernible either by roentgenograms or by usual blood gas studies. Also, lung scans are easier to obtain in children with long-standing asthma than are detailed pulmonary tests. In our study, technetium /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated albumin scans showed persistent regional perfusion defects in 20 children with chronic asthma during relative remission and exacerbations

  7. Comparative analysis of hepatopulmonary shunt obtained from pretherapy 99mTc MAA scintigraphy and post-therapy 90Y Bremsstrahlung imaging in 90Y microsphere therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jha, Ashish Kumar A; Zade, Anand A; Rangarajan, Venkatesh; Purandare, Nilendu; Shah, Sneha A; Agrawal, Archi; Kulkarni, Suyash S; Shetty, Nitin

    2012-05-01

    (99m)Tc macroaggregate albumin (MAA) scintigraphy is routinely used to estimate the hepatopulmonary shunt (HPS) of (90)Y microspheres because of their comparable average particle sizes (20-30 µm). However, the MAA particle size can vary from 10 to 90 µm. Therefore, HPS computed from (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy may not accurately represent the HPS of (90)Y microspheres. In view of this, the present study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy in estimating the HPS of (90)Y microspheres. Nineteen sessions of transarterial radioembolization using (90)Y therasphere were carried out in 17 patients for hepatic malignancies (both primary and secondary). For each session of therapy, a pretherapeutic (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy and post-therapeutic (90)Y Bremsstrahlung scintigraphy were performed. The HPSs obtained from these images were compared. The mean HPS fractions calculated from the pretherapeutic (99m)Tc MAA study and the post-therapeutic (90)Y Bremsstrahlung images were 4.77 ± 2.81 and 4.52 ± 2.5%, respectively. The coefficient of correlation (r) was 0.96. (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy accurately predicts the HPS of (90)Y microspheres.

  8. Influence of antiseptic on the impurities in the preparation of dimercaptosuccinic labelled with {sup 99m}Tc; Influence des antiseptiques sur la presence d'impuretes dans la preparation de l'acide dimercaptosuccinique marque au 99mTc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Metaye, T.; Rosenberg, T.; Perdrisot, R. [CHU de Poitiers, Service de medecine nucleaire et biophysique, 86 (France)

    2010-07-01

    Purpose: antiseptic solutions are used to disinfect the rubber stoppers on the bottles of radiopharmaceutical. Small amounts of these solutions can pass into the bottle when the cap is pricked to inject the {sup 99m}Tc. After finding in a patient a suboptimal labelling using biseptin, we studied the effect of various antiseptics on the presence of impurities in the preparation of the dimercaptosuccinic acid labelled with {sup 99m}Tc ({sup 99m}Tc-D.M.S.A.). Conclusions: We recommend using 70% isopropanol or modified alcohol Cooper instead of biseptin to disinfect the D.M.S.A. bottles caps. (N.C.)

  9. Balloon-based adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer: comparison between 99mTc and HDR 192Ir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tarcísio Passos Ribeiro de Campos

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Objective: To perform a comparative dosimetric analysis, based on computer simulations, of temporary balloon implants with 99mTc and balloon brachytherapy with high-dose-rate (HDR 192Ir, as boosts to radiotherapy. We hypothesized that the two techniques would produce equivalent doses under pre-established conditions of activity and exposure time. Materials and Methods: Simulations of implants with 99mTc-filled and HDR 192Ir-filled balloons were performed with the Siscodes/MCNP5, modeling in voxels a magnetic resonance imaging set related to a young female. Spatial dose rate distributions were determined. In the dosimetric analysis of the protocols, the exposure time and the level of activity required were specified. Results: The 99mTc balloon presented a weighted dose rate in the tumor bed of 0.428 cGy.h-1.mCi-1 and 0.190 cGyh-1.mCi-1 at the balloon surface and at 8-10 mm from the surface, respectively, compared with 0.499 and 0.150 cGyh-1.mCi-1, respectively, for the HDR 192Ir balloon. An exposure time of 24 hours was required for the 99mTc balloon to produce a boost of 10.14 Gy with 1.0 Ci, whereas only 24 minutes with 10.0 Ci segments were required for the HDR 192Ir balloon to produce a boost of 5.14 Gy at the same reference point, or 10.28 Gy in two 24-minutes fractions. Conclusion: Temporary 99mTc balloon implantation is an attractive option for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer, because of its availability, economic viability, and similar dosimetry in comparison with the use of HDR 192Ir balloon implantation, which is the current standard in clinical practice.

  10. {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} SPECT to monitor early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III breast cancer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ji, Bin; Chen, Bin; Wang, Ting; Chen, Minglong; Ji, Tiefeng; Gao, Shi; Ma, Qingjie [China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changchun (China); Song, Yan [China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Breast Surgery, Changchun (China); Wang, Xueju [China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Pathology, Changchun (China)

    2015-08-15

    Monitoring of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is important for optimal management of patients with breast cancer. {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} SPECT is a newly developed imaging modality for evaluating tumor vascular status. In this study, we investigated the application of {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} SPECT in evaluating therapy response to NCT in patients with stage II or III breast cancer. Thirty-three patients were scheduled to undergo {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} SPECT at baseline, after the first and second cycle of NCT. Four patients had extremely low {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} uptake at baseline, and were not included in the subsequent studies. Changes in tumor to nontumor (T/N) ratio were compared with pathological tumor responses classified using the residual cancer burden system. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to compare the power to identify responders between the end of the first and the end of the second cycle of NCT. The impact of breast cancer subtype on {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} uptake was evaluated. The correlation between {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} uptake and pathological tumor response was also evaluated in each breast cancer subtype. Surgery was performed after four cycles of NCT and pathological analysis revealed 18 responders and 15 nonresponders. In patients with clearly visible {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} uptake at baseline, the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} SPECT were 86.7 %, 85.7 % and 86.7 % after the first cycle of NCT, and 92.9 %, 93.3 % and 93.3 % after the second cycle, respectively. Among these patients, the HER-2-positive group demonstrated both higher T/N ratios and a greater change in T/N ratio than patients with other breast cancer subtypes (P < 0.05). A strong correlation was found between changes in T/N ratio and pathological tumor response in the HER-2-positive group (P < 0.03). {sup 99m}Tc-3PRGD{sub 2} SPECT seems to be useful for determining the pathological

  11. Confirmation of hydrazone formation in HYNIC-peptide conjugate preparation, and its hydrolysis during labeling with {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gandomkar, M. [Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)]. E-mail: msgandomkar@yahoo.com; Najafi, R. [Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Shafiei, M. [Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Ebrahimi, S.E.S. [Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2007-07-15

    Because of its monodenticity, 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) is of interest as a bifunctional chelator for labeling peptide with {sup 99m}Tc. Here, we confirm the formation of hydrazone in HYNIC-conjugated peptide. The preparative HPLC was used to purify the HYNIC conjugated somatostatin-based peptide and the result showed two peaks, even after two consecutive purifications. Analysis of these peaks by mass spectrometry indicated the presence of hydrazone, produced during preparation conjugate. Further, we have shown that presence of hydrazone really does not matter because under {sup 99m}Tc-labeling conditions, hydrazone is hydrolyzed back to HYNIC that then chelates {sup 99m}Tc. A HYNIC-peptide conjugate freeze-dried kit was also prepared in a mildly acidic or neutral condition with a final pH of 6-7. The kit was then labeled by {sup 99m}Tc and incubated in 100 dec. C for 10 min, and a labeling yield of >95% was obtained.

  12. Development, preparation and control of sup(99m)Tc or sup(113m)In labelled stannous hydroxide radiopharmaceuticals. Part of a coordinated programme on radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alvarez Cervera, J.

    1975-01-01

    The preparation of different sup(99m)Tc and sup(113m)In radiopharmaceuticals using stannous chloride was investigated. Chemical and radiochemical procedures for the quality control of these preparations were studied. Toxicity and biological controls of the preparation were carried out. Procedures for the preparation and control of the following radiopharmaceuticals have been standardized by the authors; albumin macroaggregates labelled with sup(99m)Tc, sup(113m)In and other isotopes for lung scanning; albumin microspheres labelled with sup(99m)Tc for lung scanning; sup(99m)Tc or sup(113m)In-labelled stannous hydroxide colloid for liver scanning; sup(99m)Tc-stannous phytate for liver scanning; sup(99m)Tc-Sn-dextrose, a new radiopharmaceutical which has been proposed by the authors and is now used in Mexico for renal and cerebral scanning and sup(99m)Tc-Sn pyrophosphate and diphosphonate for bone scanning

  13. ACS labelled with sup(99m)Tc and cartilage scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupuy, J.C.; Harmand, M.F.; Blanquet, P.

    1976-01-01

    ACS, chondroitine-sulphate acid, is the principal mucopolysaccharide of cartilagineous substance. We therefore thought it of interest to label this molecule with sup(99m)Tc so as to obtain a scintigraphic image of cartilagineous formations. sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate and the sup(99m)Tc-polyphosphates permit simultaneous imaging of hyperactive zones in bone and cartilage. The ACS-labelling technique is based on the reduction of sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate by the tin-II-ion. Sephadex-gel chromatography at different pH-levels was used to study labelling gain, under optimum conditions it can attain 85%. The labelled product was administered intravenously and studied in rat and rabbit. An identical biological half-life of 15 minutes was found for both species. Scintigraphes from rabbits permitted clear visualization of the epiphyses of tubular bones, intervertebral cartilage, and auricular cartilage. These encouraging results point to interesting clinical applications

  14. Direct {sup 99m}Tc labeling of Herceptin (trastuzumab) by {sup 99m}Tc(I) tricarbonyl ion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, W.-J.; Yen, C.-L.; Lo, S.-T.; Chen, K.-T. [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Lo, J.-M. [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: jmlo@mx.nthu.edu.tw

    2008-03-15

    By simply incubating Herceptin (trastuzumab) with [{sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}(OH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sup +} ion in saline, a significant yield of {sup 99m}Tc-labeled trastuzumab was found to be achievable. The effective labeling may be based on that trastuzumab is inherent with endogenous histidine group to which {sup 99m}Tc(I) tricarbonyl ion can be strongly bound. For practical {sup 99m}Tc labeling processing, trastuzumab was purified beforehand from the commercial product, Herceptin (Genentech) via size exclusion chromatography to remove the excipient, {alpha}-histidine and a high-labeled yield could be obtained by incubating the purified trastuzumab with [{sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}(OH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sup +}. Retention of bioactivity of the {sup 99m}Tc(I)-labeled trastuzumab was validated using a cell binding test.

  15. Direct elution of sup(99m)Tc complexes from neutron irradiation produced 99Mo incorporated in a MoCl2-MoBr2 mixture

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ganzerli Valentini, M.T.; Stella, R.; Genova, N.

    1987-01-01

    A novel type of sup(99m)Tc generator, enabling radiopharmaceutical preparation without reductant addition, was prepared and tested. Neutron activated product 99 Mo, in the form of dichloride cluster, was incorporated into inactive molybdenum dichloride-dibromide mixture (MCB) that was left to settle over an activated alumina layer. Direct elution with aqueous ligands such as salicylate or iminodiacetate derivatives in the pH range 6.5-7.5 yielded chemically stable sup(99m)Tc complexes accompanied by small amounts of secondary products (mostly sup(99m)TcO - 4 ). Pentavalent oxidation state in the salicylate complex and tervalent in the iminodiacetate (IDA) and in the N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetate (HIDA) complexes were assigned to the element after comparison with reference complexes. The anion exchange version of reverse-phase HPLC was used to resolve the eluted product mixture. (author)

  16. Quality control studies of {sup 99}Mo used in {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators produced at IPEN/CNEN-SP, Brazil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Said, Daphne S.; Brambilla, Tania P.; Matsuda, Margareth M.N.; Osso Junior, Joao A., E-mail: daphnesaid@usp.br, E-mail: taniabrambilla@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: mmatsuda@ipen.br, E-mail: jaosso@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2015-07-01

    {sup 99m}Tc is the most used radionuclide in nuclear medicine. In Brazil, the {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators are produced exclusively by the Center of Radiopharmacy at IPEN-CNEN/SP, by importing {sup 99}Mo from different suppliers. {sup 99}Mo (t{sub 1/2} = 66 h) is a fission product of {sup 235}U, therefore, it can be accompanied by several radioisotopes that are highly prejudicial for human health, demanding a strict quality control of this product for generators safe use. The European Pharmacopoeia established some parameters and limits that evaluate the quality of the solution of sodium [{sup 99}Mo]molybdate, that is used as raw material for generator's production. The European Pharmacopoeia also recommends some analytical methods to perform these evaluations, however, it has been observed difficulties on the implementation of these methods by the generator's producers. These difficulties are probably related to the lack of practicability of the proposed methods and the extensive list of utilized reagents. In this work some procedures of the European Pharmacopoeia's quality control method for {sup 99}Mo were evaluated. Different types of solid phase exchanger cartridges were tested for retention of {sup 99}Mo in 3 different conditions. Cartridges that presented percentages of retention higher than 90% were also tested for separation of {sup 99}Mo from possible contaminants (Ru e Te). The results shown that solid phase exchanger cartridges that presented percentages of retention of Mo higher than 90% also presented significant percentages of retention of Ru and Te. An alternative method for separation of {sup 99}Mo from {sup 131}I (other contaminant) are also proposed. (author)

  17. Studies of monoclonal antibodies IOR-CEA-1 and IOR-EGF/R3 labelled with {sup 99m}Tc; Estudo de marcacao dos anticorpos monoclonais IOR-CEA-1 e IOR-EGF/R3 com {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dias, Carla Roberta de Barros Rodrigues

    2005-07-01

    Nuclear Medicine is a speciality that uses radioisotopes for the diagnosis or treatment of diseases and it is considered one of the best tools among the diagnostic modalities for detection of cancer. {sup 99m}Tc is one of the main isotopes for labelling antibodies and in Nuclear Medicine in general, due to its adequate physical properties, availability and low cost. Labelled monoclonal antibodies have shown promising results for diagnosis and therapy of cancer and their use has brought great experimental and clinical advances in the field of oncology. The main clinical applications of immunoscintigraphy with monoclonal antibodies are staging and evaluation of tumoral reappearance. The antibodies employed in this work were: OIR-CEA-1, a murine monoclonal antibody that acts directly against CEA expressed in several neoplasia in particular those from the gastrointestinal tract (colorectal cancer) and IOR-EGF/R3, a murine monoclonal antibody that binds to the external domain of EGF-R and it has been used in the diagnosis of tumors of epithelial origin. The objectives of this work were the development and optimization of the reduction and purification processes, the radiolabelling techniques and quality control procedures (radiochemical, immunoreactivity and cystein challenge) and imaging studies of monoclonal antibodies OIR-CEA-1 and IOR-EGF/R3, using the simple, fast and efficient method of direct labelling of the antibody with {sup 99m}Tc. The final results was the definition of the best conditions for the preparation of lyophilized reactive kits of OIR-CEA-1 and IOR- EGF/R3 for an efficient diagnostic application in Nuclear Medicine. The most adequate conditions for the labelling of the antibodies were: 1.0 mg Ab, 29 {mu}L MDP, 3.0 {mu}g Sn{sup 2+}, 1 mL of {sup 99m}Tc and 30 min. reaction time. With these conditions the labelling yield was always higher than 95% and the maximum activity of {sup 99m}Tc was about 2220 MBq (60 mCi). The evidences of the efficiency and

  18. NTS1-R-targeted diagnostic imaging of malignant tumors with 99mTc labeled neurotensin analogues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nikolopoulou, A.; Nock, B.; Maina, T.; Galanis, A.; Cordopatis, P.

    2004-01-01

    Full text: Recent studies, based on receptor radio autoradiography methods in human biopsy specimens, have demonstrated the expression of neurotensin receptors of subtype 1 (NTSI-R) at a high density in primary human cancers, such as in ductal exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma and meningioma. This finding provides the molecular basis for the scintigraphic detection of NTS1-R-positive tumors in patients using radiolabeled NT analogues in combination with SPECT. We synthesized two novel NT analogues based on the NT (8-13) peptide sequence - essential for interaction with the NTS1-R - and modified at the N-terminal by a covalently attached open chain tetraamine chelator for stable binding of the radionuclide. In this work, a comparative study of the new compounds in cells and animal models is presented and their suitability in the NTS1-R- targeted diagnostic imaging of malignant tumors is discussed. In particular, the tetra-amine functional analogues NT1: [N4- (a) Ala0, Dab9] NT (8-13) and NT2: [N4- (a) Ala0, Dab9, Tle12] NT (8-13) were synthesized by SPPS techniques applying Fmoc/Boc protection strategies. The ES-MS spectra of the chromatographically purified products were consistent with the expected formulae. Incorporation of the radiometal (99mTc) by the open chain tetraamine framework proceeded different at room temperature in alkaline aqueous medium using SnCl2 as reducing agent in the presence of citrate. Under the above mild conditions labelling was nearly quantitative leading to single radiopeptide species of high specific activity. During competition binding assays in human colon adenocarcinoma WiDr cell membranes, using [125I-Tyr3] NT as the radioligand, both peptide conjugates demonstrated high affinity binding to the NTS1-R with IC50s 30 and 80 pM, respectively (IC50 for native NT= 0.20 nM). Both radiopeptides showed a rapid and NTS1-R-mediated migration into the intracellular compartment of the same cells reaching a 95% internalization

  19. An exploratory study on 99mTc-RGD-BBN peptide scintimammography in the assessment of breast malignant lesions compared to 99mTc-3P4-RGD2.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qianqian Chen

    Full Text Available This study aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of single photon emission computed tomography / computerized tomography (SPECT/CT using a new radiotracer 99mTc-RGD-BBN for breast malignant tumor compared with 99mTc-3P4-RGD2.6 female patients with breast malignant tumors diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology biopsy (FNAB who were scheduled to undergo surgery were included in the study. 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 and 99mTc-RGD-BBN were performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT at 1 hour after intravenous injection of 299 ± 30 MBq and 293 ± 32 MBq of radiotracers respectively at separate day. The results were evaluated by the Tumor to non-Tumor ratios (T/NT. 99mTc-RGD-BBN and 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SPECT/CT images were interpreted independently by 3 experienced nuclear medicine physicians using a 3-point scale system. All of the samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to evaluate the integrin αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR expression. The safety, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 99mTc-RGD-BBN were also evaluated in the healthy volunteers.No serious adverse events were reported in any of the patients during the study. The effective radiation dose entirely conformed to the relevant standards. A total of 6 palpable malignant lesions were detected using 99mTc-RGD-BBN SPECT/CT with clear uptake. All malignant lesions were also detected using 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SPECT/CT. The results showed that five malignant lesions were with clear uptake and the other one with barely an uptake. 4 malignant cases were found with both αvβ3 and GRPR expression, 1 case with only GRPR positive expression (integrin αvβ3 negative and 1 case with only integrin αvβ3 positive expression (GRPR negative.99mTc-RGD-BBN is a safe agent for detecting breast cancer. 99mTc-RGD-BBN may have the potential to make up for the deficiency of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 in the detection of breast cancer with only GRPR positive expression (integrin

  20. Labeling of human immune gamma globulin with sup(99m)Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wong, D.W.; Huang, J.T.

    1977-01-01

    Human immune serum gamma globulin and rabbit anti-Stap. aureus antibody have been successfully labeled with sup(99m)Tc at pH 7.4 with an average binding efficiency of 86 and 82%, respectively. The labeled proteins behave similarly to unlabeled gamma-globulin fraction in the normal human serum as demonstrated by protein electrophoresis. The biological half-time of sup(99m)Tc-gamma-globulin in dog has been determined to be 54 min for the fast component and 14.7 hr for a slower component. Immunological assays demonstrate no significant change in antibody activity after labeling process. (author)

  1. Chemistry of /sup 99m/Tc labeling kits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Srivastava, S.C.; Meinken, G.; Richards, P.

    1976-01-01

    Problems have been reported with the use of kit-produced /sup 99m/Tc radiopharmaceuticals. This study was undertaken to understand the chemistry involved in various stannous kit systems. The relation between Tc, tin, and the ligands used to complex the reduced Tc was investigated. It is concluded that for reliable performance, stannous kits should be prepared so that most of the tin is kept in the usable (reducing) form; a solution would be to use minimum tin and a large excess of complexing agent. Oxidation of the Tc complex to free pertechnetate is not a major problem in most kit systems. 5 figures

  2. Evaluation of {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator columns after irradiation with different absorbed doses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fukumori, Neuza T.O.; Mengatti, Jair; Matsuda, Margareth M.N., E-mail: ntfukumo@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNE-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2017-07-01

    The {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator is widely used in nuclear medicine and it consists of a glass column containing Teflon® strips and alumina in which {sup 99}Mo produced by {sup 235}U fission is adsorbed. The {sup 99}mTcO4- eluate shall meet the sterile and pyrogen free conditions for injectable radiopharmaceuticals as determined by the Good Manufacturing Practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using gamma radiation in the sterilization of the {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator column and the influence on the elution efficiency. Alumina-containing columns were irradiated with 10, 15, 25 and 50 kGy absorbed doses. Alumina samples and control (non-irradiated) were submitted to X-ray diffraction and the combined use of scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Teflon® samples were evaluated by thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X-ray diffractograms and micrographies with elemental analysis showed no significant changes in the crystalline structure of the alumina because it was stable α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. TGA demonstrated that higher doses showed changes in lower temperatures and times than the control material. For DSC the higher the absorbed dose, the greater the polymer chain breakage and crosslinking in the material. The generator system without radioactivity was set up with the irradiated columns and the eluates demonstrated to be sterile and pyrogen free. The effects of different absorbed doses on the generator column, although some reported changes in the materials, demonstrated that the sterilization of the columns by irradiation with gamma rays as an alternative to wet heat sterilization is feasible from a technical and financial point of view. (author)

  3. 99m-Tc tetrofosmin scintigraphy vs mammography in breast cancer detection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jaukovic, L.J.; Spaic, R.; Markovic, S.; Stankovic, N.; Dimitrijevic, S.; Strbac, M.

    2002-01-01

    99m-Tc tetrofosmin is a widely used radiotracer for breast cancer imaging. Routine mammography ,as a method for screening breast cancer patients, might be insufficient for diagnosis, especially in patients with dense breast. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the results of mammography (MM) and scintimammography with 99m- Tc tetrofosmin (SMM) in detection of primary breast cancer. Method: Thirty patients with breast disease were included in study. All of them had clinical investigation, MM, SMM and surgical biopsy for final histological diagnosis. An amount of 600 MBq 99m- Tc tetrofosmin was injected intravenously in the arm opposite to the side of breast lesion. Ten minutes after injection planar breast 7-minutes scans were performed in supine (anterior) and prone (left and right lateral) position. Results: Out of 30 lesion breast cancer was histologically confirmed in 20 (15 ductal invasive, two lobular, one colloid, one papillar carcinoma and one case of cyst sarcoma phylodes- malignant type.) For MM sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 60% and accuracy of 76 % were obtained. At SMM 19/ 20 malignant lesions were detected. Only one false negative result was obtained in 1.0 cm lobular infiltrative cancer, although the smallest detectable lesion measured 0.6 cm. At pathohistology ten lesions presented benign. Four false positive results (two fibroadenomas, one lipogranuloma and one case of fibrocystic disease) were observed, six true negative results in four cases with fibrocystic disease and two fibroadenomas. The overall sensitivity of scintimammography was 95%, specificity 60% and accuracy 83%. Conclusion: We concluded that sensitivity of 99m-Tc tetrofosmin scintimammography in detection of breast cancer is superior to that of mammography. Our results suggest that 99m -Tc tetrofosmin is a suitable tumor seeking agent for breast cancer imaging

  4. Occupational exposure to {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I in a radiopharmacy room

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Valle, Bruna P.; Cunha, Kenya Dias da; Sa, Lidia Vasconcellos de; Souza, Wanderson; Santos, Maristela; Medeiras, Geiza; Conceicao, Cirilo S. [Universidade do Estado, Nova Friburgo, RJ (Brazil). Inst. Politecnico. Dept. de Modelagem Computacional], e-mail: brunapvalle@gmail.com, e-mail: kenya@ird.gov.br, e-mail: lidia@ird.gov.br, e-mail: wander@ird.gov.br, e-mail: mstela@ird.gov.br; Abrantes, Marcio Borges de [Centro de Medicina Nuclear Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: marcioabrantes@pop.com.br

    2009-07-01

    Brazil has about 310 nuclear medicine services and 90% of these services use Molybdenum/Technetium generators to prepare several radiopharmaceuticals to diagnostics; about 70% use also {sup 131}I for diagnosis and therapy. These radionuclides are associated to compounds in liquid form and during the manipulation to prepare and administer the patient dose some radioactive airborne particle can be generated. As consequence the workers can be exposed to airborne particles in the respirable fraction containing {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I. The aim of this study is develop a simple and rapid method to verify if the exhaust systems installed in the SMN are efficient in preventing the inhalation of radionuclides airborne particles by workers. In order to estimate the occupational exposure a nuclear medicine service was selected and aerosol samples were collected using personal air sampler with a cyclone. The samples were analyzed using a germanium detector system and the {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I average concentrations were obtained as 16,6 {+-} 14,34 mBq/m{sup 3} and 0.72 {+-} 0.36 mBq/m{sup 3}, respectively. It was not observed a correlation among air concentration and total activity processed in laboratory. These results show that the worker inhales airborne particles containing {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I. (author)

  5. Reagent' sets for the concentration of sup(99m)Tc and sup(113m)In

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bianco de Salas, G.N.; Arciprete, J.; Mitta, A.E.A.

    1976-10-01

    A simple technique for the concentration of the eluates from 99 Mo/sup(99m)Tc and 113 Sn/sup(113m)In generators is described. The reagents' sets provided by the C.N.E.A. for the labelling of different radiopharmaceuticals can be used by only reducing their volumes proportionally. Both concentration techniques for Tc-99m and In-113m will be supplied to users as reagents' sets. (author) [es

  6. Study of Eustachian tube drainage function with radioisotope (99m-Tc)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marone, S.A.M.; Miniti, A.

    1985-01-01

    The knowledge of the physiological condition of the Eustachian tube is of major significance to the understanding of the middle ear pathology as well as for the treatment of each case. This paper studies the drainage function of the Eustachian tube. The choice of the Technetium (99m-Tc) as tracer was based on its physical qualities - tracer perfectly adaptable to the detection system, pure gamma emitter, low energy and 6 hours half-life. The use of Tc-99m turns out to be a very accurate method for testing the drainage function. It is an entirely physiological method, and it produces no side effect reactions. (Auth.)

  7. In vivo regional quantitation of intrathoracic /sup 99m/Tc using SPECT: concise communication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Osborne, D.; Jaszczak, R.; Coleman, R.E.; Greer, K.; Lischko, M.

    1982-01-01

    A whole-body single-photon emission computed tomographic system (SPECT) was used to quantitate the activities of a series of /sup 99m/Tc point sources in the dog's thorax and to evaluate attenuation of a uniform esophageal line source containing a known concentration of /sup 99m/Tc. A first-order attenuation correction and an empirically derived attenuation coefficient of 0.09 cm-1 were used in the SPECT analyses of the intrathoracic point sources. The relationship between SPECT measurements of multiple point-source activities and the same sources measured in air was linear over a range of 100 to 1000 muCi (slope 1.08; R2 coefficient of determination 0.97). These data are sufficiently accurate to allow an estimate of the regional activity of radiopharmaceutical in the dog's thorax and justify their use in experimental quantitation of regional pulmonary perfusion

  8. Cardiac amyloidosis detection with pyrophosphate-99mTc scintigraphy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Souza, D.S.F.; Ichiki, W.A.; Coura Filho, G.B.; Izaki, M.; Giorgi, M.C.P.; Soares Junior, J; Meneghetti, J.C. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (FM/USP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Medicina. Instituto do Coracao. Servico de Medicina Nuclear e Imagem Molecular

    2008-07-01

    Full text: Introduction: Amyloidosis is a rare disease, characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in organs and tissues. It may affect virtually any system, preferably heart, kidneys and liver. The cardiac involvement produces a spectrum of clinical features, usually with progressive dysfunction. Early diagnosis is important for institution of appropriate therapy. Case report: Male patient, 75 years old, with diagnosed congestive heart failure functional class III and Mobitz II second-degree atrial-ventricular block, was hospitalized for implantation of definitive cardiac pacemaker. Patient mentioned history of worsening effort dyspnoea over a one-month period, progressing to minimum effort, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and paroxysms of dry cough, and swelling of lower limbs. Echocardiography showed diffuse hypertrophy of left ventricle (LV), with systolic dysfunction due to diffuse hypokinesia and hyperrefringent aspect in the septum. It was questioned a cardiac infiltrating process. Cardiac amyloidosis was considered as a diagnostic hypothesis. The patient underwent a pyrophosphate-{sup 99m}Tc scintigraphy, which showed abnormal tracer uptake in the heart projection, with diffuse pattern on the left ventricle walls, compatible with the clinical suspicion cardiac amyloidosis, which was later confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy. Discussion: In this case report, the patient had clinical and other auxiliary examinations, such as electrocardiography and Doppler echocardiography, compatible with cardiac amyloidosis, which led to implementation with pyrophosphate-{sup 99m}Tc scintigraphy and later endomyocardial biopsy. Cardiac amyloidosis occurs in about half the cases of primary amyloidosis (AL) and is rare in secondary amyloidosis (AA). Its clinical presentation is polymorphic and it can be classified into four distinctive types: restrictive cardiomyopathy, systolic dysfunction, postural hypotension and conduction disorders

  9. Development of methodology for evaluation of {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I incorporated activities during lactation; Desenvolvimento de metodologia para avaliacao da atividade de {sup 99m}Tc e {sup 131}I em lactantes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, L. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IF/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica; Dantas, A.L.A.; Mesquita, S.A. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IF/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica; Oliveira, S.M.V., E-mail: adantas@ird.gov.br, E-mail: silvia@ird.gov.br [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IF/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica; Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Dosimetria

    2012-07-01

    Internal contamination of babies may occur for milk ingestion or inhalation of mothers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation with possible incorporation or mothers submitted to medical exposures during lactation. Radionuclide concentrations in the mother's milk may cause organ absorbed doses in the babies proportionally to the breast volumes. Milk analysis allow to determine activities ingested by the babies by determining the peak of mother's milk considering the decrease of the activity rate and the milk activities drunk at different time intervals. The work had the aim to develop simulators and methodology to evaluate {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I in lactation, in the following steps: to prepare standard solution of contaminated milk separately with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I; to build four breast simulators (600 g and 800 g) and respective calibration for two geometries (breast and whole-body) in the Whole-Body Counter Unit in Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria. The results demonstrated the system efficiency to determine {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 131}I activities in breasts during the lactation period. The methodology for positioning in the 'breast geometry' seemed to be more efficient than the 'whole-body geometry' for different breast volumes. The experiment allows achieving better evaluation of internal dosimetry of mothers and their young children. (author)

  10. Balloon-based adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer: comparison between {sup 99m}Tc and HDR {sup 192}Ir

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campos, Tarcisio Passos Ribeiro de; Lima, Carla Flavia de; Cuperschmid, Ethel Mizrahy, E-mail: tprcampos@pq.cnpq.br [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

    2016-03-15

    Objective: To perform a comparative dosimetric analysis, based on computer simulations, of temporary balloon implants with {sup 99m}Tc and balloon brachytherapy with high-dose-rate (HDR) {sup 192}Ir, as boosts to radiotherapy. We hypothesized that the two techniques would produce equivalent doses under pre-established conditions of activity and exposure time. Materials and methods: simulations of implants with {sup 99m}Tc-filled and HDR {sup 192}Ir-filled balloons were performed with the Siscodes/MCNP5, modeling in voxels a magnetic resonance imaging set related to a young female. Spatial dose rate distributions were determined. In the dosimetric analysis of the protocols, the exposure time and the level of activity required were specified. Results: the {sup 99m}Tc balloon presented a weighted dose rate in the tumor bed of 0.428 cGy.h{sup -1}.mCi{sup -1} and 0.190 cGyh{sup -1} at the balloon surface and at 8-10 mm from the surface, respectively, compared with 0.499 and 0.150 cGyh{sup -1}.mCi{sup -1}, respectively, for the HDR {sup 192}Ir balloon. An exposure time of 24 hours was required for the {sup 99m}Tc balloon to produce a boost of 10.14 Gy with 1.0 Ci, whereas only 24 minutes with 10.0 Ci segments were required for the HDR {sup 192}Ir balloon to produce a boost of 5.14 Gy at the same reference point, or 10.28 Gy in two 24-minutes fractions. Conclusion: temporary {sup 99m}Tc balloon implantation is an attractive option for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer, because of its availability, economic viability, and similar dosimetry in comparison with the use of HDR {sup 192}Ir balloon implantation, which is the current standard in clinical practice. (author)

  11. Use of pyrophosphate-/sup 99m/Tc in diagnosis of malignant tumors of bones

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kasatkin, Yu N; Purizhanskii, I I; Survila, Z P; Agranat, V Z; Korsunskii, V N

    1976-10-01

    Pyrophosphate-/sup 99m/Tc was administered intravenously in a dose of 0.05 to 0.08 mCi per 1 kg body weight of the patient. Studies were made after 4, 6, and 24 hours with fixed and movable detectors. During investigations a gamma-chamber magnetic memory and a 4096-channel analyzer were also used. A quantitative processing of the material was made. The authors determined distribution of the preparation in normal and pathological bone tissue. A total of 142 patients with tumors of the bone tissue were examined; 858 radioisotope measurements were made. An analysis of accumulation of pyrophosphate-/sup 99m/Tc in primary osteogenic tumors in systemic affections of the bones and bone metastases was made. There is a relation between the concentration of the radiopharmaceutical preparation and the morphological structure of the tumor. Reduction in the accumulation of the radioactive indicator took place after radiation and medicinal effect, this made it possible to judge the regression of the tumor.

  12. Comparative study of tricarbonilic complexes of {sup 99m}TC in the diagnosis of fungal infections

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fernández, Leticia Gabriela; Teran, Mariella Adriana [Facultad de Quimica, Montevideo (Uruguay); Reyes, Ana Laura [Cudim, Montevideo (Uruguay)

    2017-07-01

    Full text: Introduction: Clinical-epidemiological studies show that the incidence of fungal infections has experienced a substantial increase in the last years. Our working group focused on the radioactive labelling of commercially available antifungal agents and their evaluation as potential specific tracer agents for fungal infections (Curr Radiopharm, 2014, 7( 2), 144-150). Objective: Optimization of various antifungal agents labelling using {sup 99m}Tc tricarbonyl complexes and their subsequent evaluation in vitro and in vivo as radiotracers in the detection, through scintigraphic images, of fungal infections. Methodology: Complexes were obtained by substitution of the precursor triaquotricarboniltechnetium (I) with the antifungals: Caspofungin, amphotericin b, Voriconazole and Fluconazole[2]. The physicochemical evaluation of the complexes was performed by the analysis of the stability in milieu, stability in plasma, lipophilicity, plasma protein binding and binding to yeasts. The biological evaluation of the complexes was carried out according to the protocol 070510 approved by the Commission of Animal Experimentation (University of the Republic, Uruguay). The model used consisted of CD1 mice (n=4 per group), females of 8-10 weeks with a weight of 22 ± 2 g. The groups studied were: G0=healthy animals, G1=sterile inflammation, G2=infection by C.albicans and G3=infection by A.niger. The lesions were induced by inoculation of 100μL of the agents in the left hind thigh. Once the lesions were developed, the complexes were administered iv (37MBq,1mCi in 0.1mL) and biodistribution studies were performed at various post-injection times. In addition, images were acquired in a preclinical image system for animals for 60 min, 40 mm ROR, 5-pinhole collimator, 80 x 80 pixel array. Results: All the complexes were obtained with a radiochemical purity higher to 90,0% and were stable more than 4 hours post substitution. Plasma stability, Log P, Protein binding and C

  13. Determination of radiochemical yield of {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceutical preparations using gamma counter and linear radiochromatography scanner

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martins, Patricia de A.; Moura, Rebeca G.; Shiki, Andressa M.; Fukumori, Neuza T.O.; Matsuda, Margareth M.N., E-mail: patyosborne@yahoo.com [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2013-07-01

    The radiochemical purity (RCP) evaluation is a prerequisite for radiopharmaceuticals before the administration in patients. RCP is defined as the proportion of the total radioactivity in the product that is present in the specified chemical form. The most widely used techniques for RCP determination in radiopharmaceutical preparations are thin layer chromatography (TLC-Al), instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC-SG) and paper chromatography (PC). These techniques combined with radioactivity detection are one of the most important tools in the RCP of the radiopharmaceutical compounds. Several methods are used for the determination of the spatial distribution of radioactivity on the strips. The aim of this study was to compare two methods for radioactivity measurement in the determination of RCP in {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals using gamma counter and linear radiochromatography scanner. Lyophilized radiopharmaceuticals were labeled with {sup 99m}Tc. The analysis was carried out using TLC-Al and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC-Cellulose) sheets, ITLC-SG and 3MM Whatman PC. The radioactivity distribution was determined by counting each strip during 1 minute in a radiochromatography TLC scanner. For comparison, the strips were cut into small pieces and each one was separately measured in a gamma-counter during 0.20 minutes in 70-210 KeV {sup 99m}Tc window. USP 36 and FDA specify that not less than 90% of the total radioactivity must be in the spot corresponding to {sup 99m}Tc labeled compound. In conclusion, the procedure for RCP determination of ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX500-TEC, ECD-TEC, MACRO-TEC and MIBI-TEC can be faster using radiochromatography. (author)

  14. Direct labelling of monomeric antibody fragments Fab' with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Jun; Wang Shizhen; Yang Ziyi

    1994-01-01

    Direct labelling method and conditions of monomeric antibody Fab' with 99m Tc were investigated. Polyclonal antibody IgG was digested with ficin to produce dimeric fragments F(ab') 2 , which was subsequently reduced to monomeric fragments Fab' with 2-mercaptoethylamine. Finally, Fab' was incubated with sodium gluconate (Sn(II)) kit solution and 99m TcO 4 - eluted at room temperature to form 99m Tc-Fab'. The labelling efficiency was 85%-95%. The stability of labelled products was satisfactory and the elimination rate was faster than 99m Tc-IgG

  15. Direct elution of sup(99m)Tc complexes from neutron irradiation produced /sup 99/Mo incorporated in a MoCl/sub 2/-MoBr/sub 2/ mixture

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ganzerli Valentini, M.T.; Stella, R.; Genova, N.

    1987-01-01

    A novel type of sup(99m)Tc generator, enabling radiopharmaceutical preparation without reductant addition, was prepared and tested. Neutron activated product /sup 99/Mo, in the form of dichloride cluster, was incorporated into inactive molybdenum dichloride-dibromide mixture (MCB) that was left to settle over an activated alumina layer. Direct elution with aqueous ligands such as salicylate or iminodiacetate derivatives in the pH range 6.5-7.5 yielded chemically stable sup(99m)Tc complexes accompanied by small amounts of secondary products (mostly sup(99m)TcO/sup -//sub 4/). Pentavalent oxidation state in the salicylate complex and tervalent in the iminodiacetate (IDA) and in the N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetate (HIDA) complexes were assigned to the element after comparison with reference complexes. The anion exchange version of reverse-phase HPLC was used to resolve the eluted product mixture.

  16. Comparison of film sensitivity for sup(99m)Tc gamma-rays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kojima, Kazuhiko; Katayama, Masaharu; Hisada, Kinichi.

    1975-01-01

    Recently a new method of γ-ray imaging by holography has been studied at several nuclear medical laboratories. The holography is of a very simple. An axis Fresnel zone plate made of lead (2 mm thickness) is placed between the γ-ray source and a detector, and its shadow is recorded as a hologram. The hologram obtained is illuminated by parallel beams of He-Ne laser (6328 A), and an image of the radioisotope distribution in the object is reconstructed by diffraction. The better the resolution of the shadow hologram, the better are the reconstructed images obtained. For this reason the detector for recording the γ-ray hologram must be selected carefully. Three kinds of medical X-ray film were used as detectors for holograms to compare film sensitivity. Generally these medical X-ray films have poor sensitivity to γ-rays of sup(99m)Tc. In order to intensify the film sensitivity for γ-rays of sup(99m)Tc, combinations of six kinds of intensifying screens were studied. Good film sensitivity was obtained by RP (Kodak Co.) film combined with a KZ-S fluorescent intensifying screen. The fluorescent screen was better than fluorometallic screens with similar properties. Using this film-screen combination, shadow holograms could be recorded for 2-3 minutes and images could be optically reconstructed. (auth.)

  17. The new 99mTc myocardial perfusion imaging agents: 99mTc-sestamibi and 99mTc-teboroxime

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berman, D.S.; Kiat, H.; Maddahi, J.

    1991-01-01

    The two new 99m (99mTc) labeled myocardial perfusion agents, 99mTc-Sestamibi and 99mTc-Teboroxime, are now available for routine clinical application. Both agents allow assessment of ejection fraction by the first-pass technique at rest or during exercise, thus providing additional information not available with thallium-201. 99mTc-Sestamibi has long myocardial residence time, as well as adequate myocardial extraction, providing images of higher count density and superior quality compared with thallium-201. 99mTc-Teboroxime has excellent myocardial uptake characteristics but is cleared very rapidly from the myocardium. Both tracers have shown results similar to those obtained with thallium-201 for detection of coronary artery disease and the assessment of defect reversibility. 99mTc-Sestamibi studies using the rest/stress imaging sequence can be accomplished in approximately 5 hours; studies using dual-isotope imaging (rest thallium-201 and stress 99mTc-Sestamibi injection) can be completed in 1 to 2 hours. Gated stress images can be performed with 99mTc-Sestamibi, providing simultaneous information of myocardial perfusion at stress and resting wall motion or thickening and allowing rapid differentiation of ischemic from infarcted tissue. Because of its slow myocardial clearance and absence of redistribution, 99mTc-Sestamibi allows uncoupling of the time of injection from the time of imaging and thus can be valuable in the evaluation of acute myocardial infarction and outcome of thrombolytic therapy. With 99mTc-Teboroxime, rapid serial studies are feasible. Pharmacologic stress and rest studies with 99mTc-Teboroxime single photon emission computed tomography potentially can be completed in under 30 minutes. 73 references

  18. Technology of the sup(99m)Tc generator, Elumatic III made by Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, France

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Bris, H.; Pasqualini, R.; Reboul, J.

    1982-01-01

    The article describes the choices leading to the development of an ''integrated'' 99 Mo-sup(99m)Tc generator meeting the following requirements: (a) total activity eluted in a volume of 5 ml; (b) adequate radioprotection both for the user and the manufacturer; (c) injectable eluate. (author)

  19. On the dose calculation at the cellular level and its implications for the RBE of {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 123}I

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Freudenberg, R., E-mail: robert.freudenberg@uniklinikum-dresden.de; Runge, R.; Maucksch, U.; Berger, V.; Kotzerke, J. [University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Saxony 01307 (Germany)

    2014-06-15

    Purpose: Based on the authors’ previous findings concerning the radiotoxicity of{sup 99m}Tc, the authors compared the cellular survival under the influence of this nuclide with that following exposure to the Auger electron emitter {sup 123}I. To evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of both radionuclides, knowledge of the absorbed dose is essential. Thus, the authors present the dose calculations and discuss the results based on different models of the radionuclide distribution. Both different target volumes and the influence of the uptake kinetics were considered. Methods: Rat thyroid PC Cl3 cells in culture were incubated with either{sup 99m}Tc or {sup 123}I or were irradiated using 200 kV x-rays in the presence or absence of perchlorate. The clonogenic cell survival was measured via colony formation. In addition, the intracellular radionuclide uptake was quantified. Single-cell dose calculations were based on Monte Carlo simulations performed using Geant4. Results: Compared with external radiation using x-rays (D{sub 37} = 2.6 Gy), the radionuclides {sup 99m}Tc (D{sub 37} = 3.5 Gy), and {sup 123}I (D{sub 37} = 3.8 Gy) were less toxic in the presence of perchlorate. In the absence of perchlorate, the amount of activity a{sub 37} that was necessary to reduce the surviving fraction (SF) to 0.37 was 22.8 times lower for {sup 99m}Tc and 12.4 times lower for {sup 123}I because of the dose increase caused by intracellular radionuclide accumulation. When the cell nucleus was considered as the target for the dose calculation, the authors found a RBE of 2.18 for {sup 99m}Tc and RBE = 3.43 for {sup 123}I. Meanwhile, regarding the dose to the entire cell, RBE = 0.75 for {sup 99m}Tc and RBE = 1.87 for {sup 123}I. The dose to the entire cell was chosen as the dose criterion because of the intracellular radionuclide accumulation, which was found to occur solely in the cytoplasm. The calculated number of intracellular decays per cell was (975 ± 109) decays

  20. Radiation-hygienic assessment of sup(99m)Tc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Panfilova, N.P.; Kochetova, G.P.; Zol'nikova, N.I.; Trunov, B.V.

    1985-01-01

    Radiation-hygienic evaluation of labour conditions and degree of medical personnel irradiation during operation of short-lived radionuclide generators (of the activity 12950MBq, 18500 MBq) in radionuclide diagnosis has been made. For the purpose the exposure dose rate in working places from sup(99m)Tc generator was determined. Simultaneously, operation by operation timing at all the sta.oes of technological process is carried out. Measurements are realized at four levels (head, breast, pelvis, hands). It is shown, that total personnel dose at the first day of operation with generator constitutes 8.64 mR to hands, 1.12 mR to head, 2.333 mR to breast, 1.309 mR to pelvis

  1. The study of interaction of modified fatty acid with {sup 99m}Tc in alcoholic media

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Skuridin, V. S.; Stasyuk, E. S.; Varlamova, N. V.; Nesterov, E. A.; Sadkin, V. L.; Rogov, A. S., E-mail: rogov@tpu.ru; Ilina, E. A.; Larionova, L. A.; Villa, N. E. [Institute of Physics and Technology, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Sinilkin, I. G.; Zelchan, R. V. [Institute of Physics and Technology, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Sazonova, S. I. [Institute of Physics and Technology, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk, 634012 (Russian Federation)

    2016-08-02

    The paper presents the results of laboratory research aimed at the development of methods of synthesis of new radiodiagnostic agents based on modified fatty acid labelled with technetium-99m intended for scintigraphic evaluation of myocardial metabolism. In particular, the interaction of substance with {sup 99m}Tc in alcoholic media and the use of ethanol as solvent in the synthesis of the radiopharmaceutical were studied.

  2. Radionuclide study of thyroid function in pediatrics, using sup(99m)Tc, 123I or 131I: 150 case-reports

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guillet, J.; Basse-Cathalinat, B.; Soubiran, G.; Blanquet, P.; Guillet, G.

    1981-01-01

    THe best radioisotope for in vivo thyroid investigations is the one which provides the highest quality scintigrams with the least radiation exposure. The choice of 131 I, 123 I or sup(99m)Tc in 150 children is discussed. Cases included 25 dysgenesis, 4 goiters with hypothyroidism, 56 goiters without thyroid dysfunction, 3 thyroiditis, and 11 cold nodules. When thyroid scanning is performed with 131 I, the gland's radiation exposure is high. 123 I is preferable since a fairly high activity can be obtained without delivering an excessive radiation dose. (approximately 2 rad to the thyroid for 50 microCi/m 2 ). sup(99m)Tc which is readily available is not a true iodine analog. It does not give a true picture of iodine metabolism. 123 I was generally used in cases of hypothyroidism, goiter (whenever a defect in thyroid hormone synthesis was suspected) and hyperthyroidism. sup(99m)Tc was generally used in other cases. The low radiation doses delivered by these radioisotopes allows study of thyroid function in the neonate [fr

  3. Rapid and accurate determination of radiochemical purity of sup(99m)Tc compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tamat, S.R.

    1977-01-01

    The wide spread use of sup(99m)Tc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals and limitation of the short half-life of the isotope, is associated with an urgent need for a rapid, simple but accurate method for determining the radiochemical purity of the compound. A short paper chromatographic (KK) or thin layer chromatographic (KLT) method using 95% methanol or 0.9% saline solution as solvents, has solved the problem. With these methods, the amount of free sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate in a compound, can be determined in only a few minutes. These methods compare satisfactorily with lengtheir procedures. (author)

  4. Accuracy of 99Molybdenum assays in /sup 99m/Technetium solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Williams, C.C.; Kereiakes, J.G.; Grossman, L.W.

    1981-01-01

    A study was performed to determine the accuracy of 99 Mo measurements using three commercial dose calibrators with their 99 Mo assay shields. One 99 Mo assay shield allowed excessive penetration by the lower energy /sup 99m/Tc photons, resulting in the calibrator's falsely high interpretation of the activity of 99 Mo present in the high-activity /sup 99m/Tc eluates. All three calibrators performed adequately with a National Bureau of Standards 99 Mo standard in equilibrium with /sup 99m/Tc. By using low-activity aliquots of 99 Mo and /sup 99m/Tc, a low-level linearity test was performed. Only one of the calibrators was found to reflect accurately the activity of 99 Mo present under all conditions tested

  5. 99mTc-3PRGD2 Scintimammography in Palpable and Nonpalpable Breast Lesions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lin Liu

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic performance of 99mTc-3(poly-(ethylene glycol,PEG4-RGD2 (99mTc-3PRGD2 scintimammography (SMM in patients with either palpable or nonpalpable breast lesions and compare SMM to mammography to assess the possible incremental value of SMM in breast cancer detection. We also investigated the αvβ3 expression in malignant and benign breast lesions. Ninety-four patients with 110 lesions were included in this study. Mammograms were evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS by a specialized imaging radiologist. Prone SMM was performed 1 hour after injection of 99mTc-3PRGD2. Scintigraphic images were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians using a three-point system, and the kappa value was calculated to determine the interreader agreement. The McNemar test was used to compare SMM and mammography with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Diagnostic values for breast cancer detection were evaluated for each lesion. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate integrin αvβ3 expression. Histopathology revealed 46 malignant lesions and 64 benign lesions. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SMM were 83%, 73%, 77%, 69%, and 85%, respectively. The kappa value between the two reviewers was 0.63. The diagnostic values of SMM were higher than those of mammography in evaluating overall breast lesions. A sensitivity of 91% was achieved when SMM and mammography results were combined with 60% of all false-negative mammography findings classified as true-positive results by SMM. Integrin αvβ3 expression was positively identified using SMM imaging. SMM is a promising tool to avoid unnecessary biopsies when used in addition to mammography and can be used to image αvβ3 expression in breast cancer with good image quality.

  6. Optimization of the {sup 99m} Tc generator with hydrotalcite as support of {sup 99} Mo; Optimizacion del generador de {sup 99m} Tc con hidrotalcita como soporte del {sup 99} Mo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aranda O, N

    2004-07-01

    In the last years, in the laboratories of the National Institute of Nuclear Investigations (ININ) its have been investigating to the hydrotalcite like a material of support of the {sup 99} Mo with the purpose of developing a new technetium generator. During the development of the investigations it has been demonstrated that when putting in contact to the HTC with an aqueous solution that contains anions of any type, the HTC re hydrate and the structure is regenerated to laminate of the hydrotalcite. If the present anions in the solution are molybdate anions (MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-}), these anions passed to be part of the structure of the hydrotalcite (HT-MoO{sub 4}). These anions can contain, in turn, {sup 99} Mo in their composition ({sup 99}MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-}) and equally they can pass to be part of the structure of the hydrotalcite forming the HT-{sup 99}MoO{sub 4}. When the HT-{sup 99}MoO{sub 4} is packed in a column, the {sup 99m}Tc that it takes place when decaying the {sup 99}Mo radioactively can separate the column using aqueous solution of NaCl. This way, in previous studies (Serrano, 2000) it was found that the aqueous solution of NaCl to 0.5% it is the but appropriate for elutriate at the {sup 99m}Tc from the column the yield of the elution of the {sup 99m}Tc was since high (98%) in the first elution, and the radionuclide contamination caused by the presence of {sup 99}Mo in the eluate it was low (<0.01%). In this investigation it was also found that the HTC has a high capacity to retain molybdate ions (255.1 mg of ions MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-} for gram of HTC). These facts, standing out the high capacity of the HTC to retain molybdate ions, they drove from a direct way to investigate the optimization of the generator of {sup 99m}Tc, with hydrotalcite like support of the {sup 99}Mo, using {sup 99}Mo of low specific activity. This finishes radioactive material it can be obtained by the irradiation of the {sup 98}Mo (in the chemical form of MoO{sub 3} or (NH{sub 4

  7. WE-AB-204-12: Dosimetry at the Sub-Cellular Scale of Auger-Electron Emitter 99m-Tc in a Mouse Single Thyroid Follicle Model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Taborda, A; Benabdallah, N; Desbree, A [Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay-aux-roses (France)

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: To perform a dosimetry study at the sub-cellular scale of Auger-electron emitter 99m-Tc using a mouse single thyroid cellular model to investigate the contribution of the 99m-Tc Auger-electrons to the absorbed dose and possible link to the thyroid stunning in in vivo experiments in mice, recently reported in literature. Methods: The simulation of S-values for Auger-electron emitting radionuclides was performed using both the recent MCNP6 software and the Geant4-DNA extension of the Geant4 toolkit. The dosimetric calculations were validated through comparison with results from literature, using a simple model of a single cell consisting of two concentric spheres of unit density water and for six Auger-electron emitting radionuclides. Furthermore, the S-values were calculated using a single thyroid follicle model for uniformly distributed 123-I and 125-I radionuclides and compared with published S-values. After validation, the simulation of the S-values was performed for the 99m-Tc radionuclide within the several mouse thyroid follicle cellular compartments, considering the radiative and non-radiative transitions of the 99m-Tc radiation spectrum. Results: The calculated S-values using MCNP6 are in good agreement with the results from literature, validating its use for the 99m-Tc S-values calculations. The most significant absorbed dose corresponds to the case where the radionuclide is uniformly distributed in the follicular cell’s nucleus, with a S-value of 7.8 mGy/disintegration, due mainly to the absorbed Auger-electrons. The results show that, at a sub-cellular scale, the emitted X-rays and gamma particles do not contribute significantly to the absorbed dose. Conclusion: In this work, MCNP6 was validated for dosimetric studies at the sub-cellular scale. It was shown that the contribution of the Auger-electrons to the absorbed dose is important at this scale compared to the emitted photons’ contribution and can’t be neglected. The obtained S

  8. Obtaining a metastasis model in vivo for the evaluation of the radiopharmaceuticals sensitivity labeled with {sup 99m}Tc; Obtencion de un modelo de metastasis in vivo para la evaluacion de la sensibilidad de radiofarmacos marcados con {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez A, V. M.

    2015-07-01

    Nuclear medicine currently has a wide range of techniques that support the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer that prevails as the most important. In the present research work was proposed to develop a model that would study the process known as metastasis, because this process is vital because most of the deaths in patients with some form of cancer are caused by metastasis. The objective was to obtain an in vivo model of metastasis induced with AR42J cells for studying the radiopharmaceuticals sensitivity labeled with {sup 99m}Tc. To achieve the objective proposed a study model in which it could make a real time evaluation of some radiopharmaceuticals with reported efficiency was development, in order to determine their sensitivity in similar conditions to the metastasis process. This required a mouse model that was used to observe a similar process to metastasis, inducing cells of the AR42J cell line, since these cells have good proliferation and have molecular targets for a minimum of 3 standardized radiopharmaceuticals. Was elected radionuclide {sup 99m}Tc, because of its low emission of radiation into the tissues, besides having a half life of 6 hours and provides a good visualization of anatomical structures. On the other hand the stable expression of green fluorescent protein in tumor cells appears to be a suitable tool for the detection of cancer development in early stages and the formation of in vivo micro metastases, so two fluorescence tests were performed and other by electrophoresis. The results showed that both study models can be carried out without increasing complexity and meeting the expectations expected for which they were designed. (Author)

  9. Effects of Momordica charantia on osmotic fragility and label red blood cells and plasmatic protein with 99m-Tc in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Magnata, Simey S.L.P. [Pernambuco Univ., Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Energia Nuclear]. E-mail: sfmagnata@terra.com.br; Correia, Marilia B.L.; Brandao, Jose Odinilson C.; Souza, Grace M.L.; Catanho, Maria Teresa J.A. [Pernambuco Univ., Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Biofisica e Radiobiologia; Terra, Daniele A.; Amorim, Lucia F. [Rio Grande do Norte Univ., Natal, RN (Brazil). Dept. de Fisiologia

    2005-07-01

    The use of natural products in the treatment physiopathology awaken the interest in the inquiry of the action mechanisms. The Momordica charantia, Melao de Sao Caetano, is used in the Caribbean and Orient for the diseases as stomatitis, cancer and diabetes. This work aims to verify the effect of the Momordica charantia's aqueous extract leaves on osmotic fragility and on labeling red blood cells (RBC) and plasmatic proteins with {sup 99m}Tc in vitro. To evaluate the osmotic fragility, samples of heparinized blood (500 mL) was incubed for 1 hour with brut extract (500 mL) in different concentrations (0; 10; 50 and 100% v/v); after centrifugation, the RCB were submitted the incubation (1 hour) with a gradient of NaCl (0;0,1;0,25;0,4;0,7 and 0.9%), the OD of supernatant was determined. With regards to label red blood cells and plasmatic proteins with {sup 99m}Tc in vitro was carried out by incubating of anticoagulant whole blood (500 mL) for 1 hour with brut extract (500 mL) in different concentrations (0; 10; 50 and 100% v/v). A stannous chloride solution of 1,2 {mu}g/mL was added the incubation for 60 minutes. After this the {sup 99m}Tc (3,7 MBq) was added and the incubation was continued for another 10 minutes. Those were centrifuged, precipitated with trichloroacetic acid 5% and mensured in a counter. The results shows that with regard to osmotic fragility, only the extract in the concentration of 100% provoked hemolysis. The Momordica charantia's extract is an agent who modify the fixation of {sup 99m}Tc in red blood cells. The results show with regard to osmotic fragility, only the extract in the quantity 100% provoked hemolysis. It is concluded that the Momordica charantia's extract is an agent who unchains the cellular fragility and {sup 99m}Tc fixation, showing a reduction effect. (author)

  10. Spectrophotometric determination of Sn+2 in lyophilized kit for labeling with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Araujo, Elaine Bortoleti; Sampel, Carolina Judith; Melo, Ivani Bortoleti; Okamoto, Miriam R.Y; Silva, Constancia P.G

    2004-01-01

    The preparation of 99 mTc labeled radiopharmaceuticals depends on the reduction of the technetium pertechnetate, commonly by stannous chloride (SnCl 2 ). The determination of the Sn +2 contents in the lyophilized preparations represents an important quality control procedure that may be applied to the process and to the final product. The objective os this work is the optimization of an spectrophotometric assay to the determination os Sn +2 contents in a citrate-stannous lyophilized kit for 99 mTc labeling. The spectrophotometric methodology employed is based in the colour development when Sn +2 reacts with sodium molybdate in the presence of potasium thiocyanate in chloridric medium. The colourfull reaction studied showed high stability after 60 minutes of the mixtures preparation. The sequence of reagents introduction in the reaction mixture was determinant to the assay. The molibdenium-stannous-tiocianate sequence produces calibration curves with good correlations (R2 ≥ 0.99). The concentrations of the molibdenium solution was also studied, in order to determine a ideal concentration for the Sn +2 range. The spectrophotometric method studied was usefull to the determination of Sn +2 content in different batches of citrate-stannous preparations. The method was fast and easy and can be applied to different stages of the production process, in order to guarantee the content of Sn +2 in the preparations (Au)

  11. Solvent extraction technology of 90Mo-sup(99m)Tc system: design and operational considerations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noronha, O.P.D.; Sewatkar, A.B.

    1983-01-01

    The design features of 99 Mo-sup(99m)Tc solvent extraction system have been reviewed. An improved semi-automated system has been improvised using the basic equipment of an indigenous unit along with other accessories, and with an added element of radiation protection to handle daily about 300-600 millicurie amounts of reactor-produced very low specific activity 99 Mo. The system has been used routinely for obtaining sup(99m)TcO 4 - - required for diagnostic purposes in nuclear medicine for the last twelve years. The performance characteristics of this unit with respect to yield and purity of 99 TcO 4 - - consistency of the process, the radiation dose to personnel and related health physics aspects have been evaluated. (author)

  12. Cyclotron Production of Technetium-99m

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gagnon, Katherine M.

    Technetium-99m (99mTc) has emerged as the most widely used radionuclide in medicine and is currently obtained from a 99Mo/ 99mTc generator system. At present, there are only a handful of ageing reactors worldwide capable of producing large quantities of the parent isotope, 99Mo, and owing to the ever growing shutdown periods for maintenance and repair of these ageing reactors, the reliable supply 99mTc has been compromised in recent years. With an interest in alternative strategies for producing this key medical isotope, this thesis focuses on several technical challenges related to the direct cyclotron production of 99mTc via the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction. In addition to evaluating the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc and 100Mo(p,x)99Mo reactions, this work presented the first experimental evaluation of the 100Mo(p,2n) 99gTc excitation function in the range of 8-18 MeV. Thick target calculations suggested that large quantities of cyclotron-produced 99mTc may be possible. For example, a 6 hr irradiation at 500 μA with an energy window of 18→10 MeV is expected to yield 1.15 TBq of 99mTc. The level of coproduced 99gTc contaminant was found to be on par with the current 99Mo/99mTc generator standard eluted with a 24 hr frequency. Highly enriched 100Mo was required as the target material for 99mTc production and a process for recycling of this expensive material is presented. An 87% recovery yield is reported, including metallic target preparation, irradiation, 99mTc extraction, molybdate isolation, and finally hydrogen reduction to the metal. Further improvements are expected with additional optimization experiments. A method for forming structurally stable metallic molybdenum targets has also been developed. These targets are capable of withstanding more than a kilowatt of beam power and the reliable production and extraction of Curie quantities of 99mTc has been demonstrated. With the end-goal of using the cyclotron-produced 99mTc clinically, the quality of the cyclotron

  13. Comparison of /sup 99m/Tc diethyl-iminodiacetic acid and 131I rose bengal for hepatobiliary studies in liver-transplant patients: concise communication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klingensmith, W.C. III; Fritzberg, A.R.; Koep, L.J.

    1979-01-01

    Previous animal studies indicate that technetium-99m N,α-(2,6-diethylacetanilide)-iminodiacetic acid (/sup 99m/Tc diethyl-IDA) is superior to 131 I rose bengal ( 131 I RB) in most, but not all, physiologic parameters. Technetium-99m diethyl-IDA has a faster blood clearance, greater hepatic clearance, and a shorter hepatocyte transit time, but 131 I RB exhibits less renal clearance. We evaluated the relative merits of /sup 99m/Tc-diethyl-IDA and 131 I RB in paired studies in ten liver-transplant patients. Technetium-99m diethyl-IDA images were superior to 131 I RB images in demonstrating: (1) the liver parenchyma, (2) intrahepatic ducts, (3) small-bowel activity early after injection, and (4) in a smaller number of comparisons, colonic activity at 24 hr after injection. In addition, the percentage of dose excreted in the urine in 3 h for both radiopharmaceuticals was measured in 19 patients (total serum bilirubin range: 0.5 to 22.4 mg/dl). The percentage of dose of/sup 99m/Tc diethyl-IDA excreted in the urine averaged 7.5 in patients with normal total bilirubin levels and increased significantly with increasing total bilirubin levels. In the case of 131 I RB, normal patients averaged 4.9% of the injected dose in the urine and there was no increase with increasing total bilirubin levels. It is concluded that (1) /sup 99m/TC diethyl-IDA is superior to 131 I RB for imaging the hepatobiliary system, and (2) renal excretion of 131 I RB, unlike that of /sup 99m/Tc diethyl-IDA, is relatively unaffected by the total serum bilirubin level during the first 3 h after injection

  14. A modified method for the in vivo labeling of red blood cells with /sup 99m/Tc: concise communication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Callahan, R.J.; Froelich, J.W.; McKusick, K.A.; Leppo, J.; Strauss, H.W.

    1982-01-01

    The rate of incorporation of /sup 99m/Tc into red blood cells pretinned in vivo was measured by collecting blood samples in stannous DTPA solution, which served as a competing ligand for /sup 99m/Tc. This collection technique permitted a measurement of high-affinity red-cell labeling efficiency at the instant of sampling. At 0.5 min after injection only 62% of technetium is tightly bound to the red cell; this rises to 94.5% at 10 min. Based on the graded labeling of the red cells, the in vivo labeling procedure was modified by isolating pertechnetate and red blood cells tinned in vivo in a syringe during the first 10 min of labeling. The pertechnetate is thus prevented from distributing to extravascular compartments, and 90% of the injected /sup 99m/Tc is firmly bound to red blood cells at the time of injection. In a series of 23 patients, seven were tested with the in vivo method and seven with the modified in vivo method, and nine patients were tested with each method on separate occasions. A decrease in gastric activity and improved image quality were found with the modified method compared with the standard method of in vivo red-cell labeling

  15. Evaluation of aptamers labelled with {sup 99m}Tc for identification of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; Avaliacao de aptameros marcados com {sup 99m}Tc para identificacao de focos infecciosos de Staphylococcus aureus

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    dos Santos, Sara Roberta

    2014-06-01

    Staphylococcus aureus is specie of great medical importance because it is often associated with many infections in humans. This bacterium can cause diseases ranging from simple infections to life-threatening infections such as endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, toxic shock syndrome, septicemia, osteomyelitis, among others. S. aureus is the most commonly agent found in infections of the skin and soft tissues, bone infections and bone prostheses. The difficulty in early detection of specific foci caused by bacteria has raised the need to search for new techniques for this purpose. Diagnosis by scintigraphy has advantages over other methods because it is able to identify damage tissues without the need of invasive procedures and is able to perform an early diagnosis even before anatomic changes. Thus, nuclear medicine could contribute to an accurate diagnosis of bacterial infections, since specific radiopharmaceuticals were developed. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that have high affinity and specificity for their molecular targets and are emerging as a new class of molecules for radiopharmaceuticals development. Radiolabeled aptamers specific to the infectious agents, could give a significant contribution to the infection diagnosis by scintigraphy. In this study, aptamers selected to S. aureus were labeled with {sup 99m}Tc and used for the bacteria identification in vitro and in vivo. The aptamers labeled with {sup 32}P and incubated in vitro with S. aureus cells showed high affinity for the bacterial cells when compared with the library of oligonucleotides with random sequences used as control. The aptamers labeled with {sup 99m}Tc also showed affinity for S. aureus cells when compared with the library, but unspecific binding was also verified. The {sup 99m}Tc labelled aptamers were stable in 0.9% saline, plasma of Swiss mice and in excess of cysteine. The in vivo biodistribution studies using Swiss mice with intramuscular infection in the right thigh showed that

  16. IgG2 immunodeficiency: association to pediatric patients with bacterial meningoencephalitis Inmunodeficiencia de IgG2: asociación en pacientes pediátricos con meningoencefalitis bacterianas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    XIOMARA ESCOBAR-PÉREZ

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available An IgG subclass deficiency is often associated with bacterial infections. We studied four pediatric patients suffering from meningoencephalitis, two of them due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and two due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Simultaneous diagnostic serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken during income. The four subclasses of IgG and albumin were quantified in both biologic fluids by radial immunodiffusion. Very low levels of seric IgG2 with non detectable cerebrospinal fluid IgG2 were found in the patients. No intrathecal IgG subclass synthesis was found in two patients. One patient with S. pneumoniae had IgG3 intrathecal synthesis. Intrathecal IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 synthesis was found in one patient suffering from H. influenzae according with reibergrams. Substitutive therapy with intravenous gammaglobulin was given to the patients as part of the treatment.Las deficiencias por subclases de IgG se asocian frecuentemente con infecciones de origen bacteriano. Se estudian cuatro pacientes en edad pediátrica con meningoencefalitis, dos de ellos a Streptococcus pneumoniae y dos a Haemophilus influenzae tipo b. Se toman muestras simultáneas diagnósticas de suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo en el momento del ingreso. Se cuantificaron las cuatro sublclases de IgG y albúmina en ambos líquidos biológicos por inmunodifusión radial. Se encontró que los pacientes presentaban cifras muy disminuidas de IgG2 sérico y ningun exhibia IgG2 en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Dos pacientes no sintetizaron ninguna subclase de IgG intratecalmente. Un paciente con S. pneumoniae sintetizó IgG3 intratecal. Uno de los pacientes con meningoencefalitis a H. influenzae sintetizó IgG1, IgG3 e IgG4 intratecalmente de acuerdo com el reibergrama. Estos pacientes recibieron terapia substitutiva com gammaglobulina intravenosa como parte de la medicación.

  17. Immediate renal imaging and renography with /sup 99m/Tc methylene diphosphonate to assess renal blood flow, excretory function, and anatomy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glass, E.C.; DeNardo, G.L.; Hines, H.H.

    1980-01-01

    /sup 99m/Tc methylene diphosphonate (/sup 99m/Tc MDP) was evaluated as a clinical renal imaging agent in 20 patients referred for bone scintigraphy. Sequential scintigraphy, which was started immediately after injection, yielded blood flow studies of high quality, and subsequent images accurately delineated renal anatomy and excretion in nonazotemic patients. In comparison with delayed images, early images were vastly superior in quality and demonstrated improved target-to-nontarget activity ratios (p < 0.001) and improved lesion detectability (p < 0.01). Renal imaging performed incidental to bone scintigraphy with MDP can be greatly enhanced by initiating sequential scintigraphy immediately after injection

  18. Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc- and (123)I-labeled radiotracers using a preclinical SPECT scanner with CZT detectors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kobayashi, Masato; Matsunari, Ichiro; Nishi, Kodai; Mizutani, Asuka; Miyazaki, Yoshiharu; Ogai, Kazuhiro; Sugama, Jyunko; Shiba, Kazuhiro; Kawai, Keiichi; Kinuya, Seigo

    2016-05-01

    Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc and (123)I was evaluated using a preclinical SPECT scanner with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based detectors. 10-ml cylindrical syringes contained about 37 MBq (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin ((99m)Tc-TF) or 37 MBq (123)I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3R,S-methyl pentadecanoic acid ((123)I-BMIPP) were used to assess the relationship between these SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity. Two 10-ml syringes contained 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP to assess the influence of (99m)Tc upscatter and (123)I downscatter, respectively. A rat-sized cylindrical phantom also contained both 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. The two 10-ml syringes and phantom were scanned using a pinhole collimator for rats. Myocardial infarction model rats were examined using 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. Two 1-ml syringes contained 105 MBq (99m)Tc-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ((99m)Tc-HMPAO) and 35 MBq (123)I-labeled N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT). The two 1-ml syringes were scanned using a pinhole collimator for mice. Normal mice were examined using 105 MBq (99m)Tc-HMPAO and 35 MBq (123)I-FP-CIT. The relationship between SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity was excellent. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-BMIPP exhibited fewer radioactive counts for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without scatter correction (SC) in 125-150 keV. There was no upscatter contamination of (99m)Tc-TF in 150-175 keV. In the rat-sized phantom, the radioactive count ratio decreased to 4.0 % for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without SC in 125-150 keV. In the rats, myocardial images and radioactive counts of (99m)Tc-TF with the dual tracer were identical to those of the (99m)Tc-TF single injection. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-FP-CIT was 4.2 % without SC in 125-150 keV. In the first injection of (99m)Tc-HMPAO and second injection of (123)I-FP-CIT, brain images and radioactive counts

  19. Radionuclide study of thyroid function in pediatrics, using sup(99m)Tc, /sup 123/I or /sup 131/I: 150 case-reports

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guillet, J.; Basse-Cathalinat, B.; Soubiran, G.; Blanquet, P. (Hopital Pellegrin, 33 - Bordeaux (France)); Guillet, G. (Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (USA). Div. of Nuclear Medicine)

    1981-11-01

    THe best radioisotope for in vivo thyroid investigations is the one which provides the highest quality scintigrams with the least radiation exposure. The choice of /sup 131/I, /sup 123/I or sup(99m)Tc in 150 children is discussed. Cases included 25 dysgenesis, 4 goiters with hypothyroidism, 56 goiters without thyroid dysfunction, 3 thyroiditis, and 11 cold nodules. When thyroid scanning is performed with /sup 131/I, the gland's radiation exposure is high. /sup 123/I is preferable since a fairly high activity can be obtained without delivering an excessive radiation dose. (approximately 2 rad to the thyroid for 50 microCi/m/sup 2/). sup(99m)Tc which is readily available is not a true iodine analog. It does not give a true picture of iodine metabolism. /sup 123/I was generally used in cases of hypothyroidism, goiter (whenever a defect in thyroid hormone synthesis was suspected) and hyperthyroidism. sup(99m)Tc was generally used in other cases. The low radiation doses delivered by these radioisotopes allows study of thyroid function in the neonate.

  20. Role of 99mTc labelled GHA in post treatment evaluation of brain tumours

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Choudhury, P.

    2003-01-01

    Full text: Introduction: Biochemical investigations have a major role to play in the management of primary brain tumours. It is well known that major biochemical changes occur during cancerous transformation including changes in the energy metabolism of the cell. Changes take place in terms of utilization of glucose and other substrates, protein synthesis and expression of antigens and receptors. Changes also take place in disruption of transport mechanisms across cell membranes and other physiological boundaries like blood brain barrier. In the management of primary brain tumours positron emitting tracers have an undisputed role and the role of cationic tracers like Thallium-201, 99m-Tc MIBI and 99m-Tc tetrofosmin has been cited as an alternative to positron tracers in neuro oncology. It must be borne in mind that the cationic tracers are expensive to procure and facilities for positron emission tomography are not available in most of the developing countries. Tc-99m GHA Brain Imaging: Keeping in view the above, a cheaper alternative for PET radio tracers was evaluated. We have so far conducted more than 100 brain SPECT studies, using Tc-99m Glucoheptonic acid (GHA), in 60 patients of brain tumour, both at the time of their diagnosis, as well as after treatment during the follow-up period. Tc-99m Glucoheptonic acid (GHA) is a chemical glucose analogue. Avid concentration of the radiopharmaceutical was noted in viable tumor tissue in the SPECT images done one hour after injection of 740 MBq of 99m-Tc GHA. This was subsequently confirmed by histopathological examination in patients undergoing re-surgery for residual disease or follow up and clinical correlation in patients under remission. Avid tracer concentration was also well demonstrated in recurrent disease (proven by clinical examination, histopathology and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No significant tracer uptake was seen in areas of radiation induced necrosis. Non-specific uptake in the tumor bed was

  1. Survey of /sup 99m/Tc contamination of laboratory personnel: hand decontamination

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nishiyama, H.; Van Tuinen, R.J.; Lukes, S.J.; Feller, P.A.

    1980-01-01

    Decontamination after exposure to various /sup 99m/Tc radiopharmaceuticals was tested with serial hand washings both with and without soap. All radiopharmaceuticals were removed more effectively with soap and the degree of decontamination related closely to the number of washings. The affinity of the radiopharmaceuticals for the skin varied, depending upon the labeled material, and only macroaggregated albumin was effectively removed to less than 1% of its original activity with soap. Activity transfer to the opposite hand could be substantial with macroaggregated albumin and sulfur colloid if soap is not used

  2. Design and setup of a portable stirring device for transfer and dissolution of {sup 99}Mo applied to the use of a {sup 99m}Tc generator; Diseno e implementacion de un modulo portatil para el traslado y disolucion de Mo-99 aplicado al empleo de un generador de Tc-99m

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopez, Yon [Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima (Peru). Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica; Urquizo, Rafael [Universidad Tecnologica del Peru, Lima (Peru). Facultad de Ingenieria de Sistemas y Electronica; Mendoza, Pablo [Direccion de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Instituto Peruano de Energia Nuclear, Lima (Peru); Rojas, Jorge [Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos, Lima (Peru). Facultad de Quimica e Ingenieria Quimica

    2014-07-01

    This work shows the design and implementation of a portable magnetic stirring device for transfer and efficient dissolution of Mo{sub O}3 coupled to a {sup 99m}Tc generator prototype. The development of this equipment will enable an efficient and safe transfer of {sup 99}Mo at a 2 Ci of maximum activity from the nuclear reactor Huarangal to the point of operation of the {sup 99m}Tc generator equipment. This article describes the mechanical design, volume and shielding calculation, the electronics design and the programmable speed control of the stirring system for radioactive samples. (authors).

  3. Utility of the tetrophosmine-{sup 99m}Tc in the determination of malignant tumours located in the muscle-skeletal system, preliminary report; Utilidad de la tetrofosmina-{sup 99m}Tc en la determinacion de malignidad de tumores localizados en el sistema musculoesqueletico, reporte preliminar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Garcia R, J C; Gonzalez, I F; Rico, G; Linares, L M; Delgado C, E; Baena, L [Centro Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Adame, G; Gonzalez R, D [MIYMSA, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Perez C, J P; Valencia, S [Hospital medica Sur, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2005-07-01

    From its authorization by the FDA, as radiopharmaceutical to be used in studies of myocardial perfusion, multiple articles have appeared in the literature it prescribes that its validate the use of the tetrophosmine-{sup 99m}Tc in the valuation of different tumors, so much in the determination of malignancy, like in the evolution and in the response to the treatment. For that reason the objective of this protocol is to evaluate the utility of the tetrophosmine- {sup 99m}Tc in the determination of malignancy in non treated tumors located in the skeletal muscle system, in a population of 40 patients coming from the service of bony tumors of the National Center of Rehabilitation. For the time being its report the discoveries in 27 studies. (Author)

  4. Comparative evaluation of 123I and /sup 99m/Tc for thyroid studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Atkins, H.L.; Ansari, A.N.; Bradley-Moore, P.R.; Lambrecht, R.; Wolf, A.

    1975-01-01

    Both /sup 99m/Tc and 123 I can be used to advantage in assessing thyroid function and anatomy. The nuclides have similar principal gamma photons, and their short physical half-lives result in low radiation dose, thus allowing administration of large quantities of activity. The very early uptakes of these radionuclides by the thyroid do not bear a consistent relationship, and that requires further study. The clinical value of 123 I depends ultimately on its consistent availability at reasonable cost

  5. Performance study of molybdenum gels with titanium for preparation of {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc generators; Estudo do desempenho de geis de molibdenio com titanio no preparo de geradores de {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moraes, Vanessa; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: vmoraes@ipen.br

    2005-07-01

    {sup 99m}Tc is the most used radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine, due to nuclear characteristics. It is obtained by the radioactive decay of {sup 99}Mo, generator of radioisotope system. When {sup 99}Mo is produced by the activation in reactor, the most used technique for the preparation of the generators is the gel type generator, which incorporates {sup 99}Mo to the gel that is insoluble, chemically inert to the solutions and with properties of ion exchange. Several countries had already studied this methodology, as is the case of Vietnam, India, China, Australian. This work has the objective of studying the performance and characterization of molybdenum gels with titanium. Four variables in the preparation of the gel were studied: mass ratio between Mo and Ti (1.80 and 2.25), concentration of NaOH (2 and 4 mol/L), final temperature (25 and 50 deg C) and pH (3.5 and 4.5). The prepared gels were analyzed with relation to the size of its particles, identification of its structure, amount of molybdenum, amount of titanium, profile of elution, pH of the elution, determination of the radioisotopes in the eluate and final radiochemical purity. The final result is a formularization of the gel with the best characteristics for posterior preparation of the generator of {sup 99m}Tc-{sup 99}Mo. (author)

  6. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of 99mTc and 188Re Peptides

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sanders, Vanessa

    Radiopharmaceuticals are very powerful diagnostic tools for evaluation of a host of medical conditions. These drugs are labeled with radioactive isotopes, which are utilized to create pictures of areas of interest through absorption of the drug. They are currently in high demand due to their ability to image areas that traditional imaging devices cannot. The radioisotope 99mTc, with a half-life of 6.01 hours and a 140 keV gamma emission, is central to many radiopharmaceutical compounds. This isotope is easily obtained from a 99Mo-99mTc generator, through beta decay and column chromatography separations. Very little technetium, less than 6 ng, is needed to label the pharmaceuticals for use in-vivo. Another radioisotope 188Re is also important due to its ability to be used for therapy while being tracked throughout the body. Radiotherapy gives radiopharmaceuticals a huge advantage by their ability to destroy rapidly growing cells. One of the main reasons there is interest in rhenium pharmaceuticals is the chemical similarity between it and technetium. The 188Re isotope also has a considerably short half-life of approximately 17 hours and has emission energy of 155 keV. The 188Re isotope is separated from 188W-188Re generator, analogously to the 99Mo-99mTc generator. The ligand used in this work is a pentapepetide macrocyclic ligand. This ligand, KYCAR (lysyl-tyrosyl-cystyl-alanyl-arginine), has been designed as a potential chelating ligand for imaging and therapeutic in vivo agents. Ligands are chosen based on their in-situ biological behavior, and are used in the complexation with technetium and rhenium. Understanding and exploiting technetium and rhenium chemistry can provide insight into the reaction mechanisms and coordination chemistry of these compounds. The exploration of various oxidation states as a function of the ligands used and the reaction conditions can help develop novel radiopharmaceuticals. The investigations of the manipulation of oxidation states

  7. Production of the antimicrobial peptide UBI 29-41 labelled with 99mTc by an indirect method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nevares, Noemi; Crudo, Jose L.; Zapata, Miguel; Castiglia, Silvia G. de

    2003-01-01

    The infection processes are a major problem in human health causing a high number of human deaths all around the world. Diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine is an attractive option in the detection of infection processes due to its sensitivity. The antimicrobial peptides are very important in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, since their antimicrobial activity towards a great variety of microorganisms have been proven. The aim of this work was to obtain the antimicrobial peptide UBI 29-41 labelled with technetium 99 m, by an indirect method via NHS-Hynic and tricine as a coligand, and evaluate its stability and its ability to discriminate between infection and inflammation sites. The radiochemical purity of the labeling procedure was 95.5±1,2 %. The cysteine challenge showed a great stability of the 99mTc UBI-Hynic, and the stability in human serum showed that the 81% of the radioactivity remained bounded to UBI-Hynic at 48 hs of incubation. The bio distribution's studies showed main elimination via kidney of 99mTc UBI-Hynic and the target/non target ratio was 1,81 for infected mice and 1,16 for inflamed mice. (author)

  8. An experimental study on recovery of renal function using {sup 99m}Tc DMSA scintigram after percutaneous nephrostomy in unilateral hydronephrosis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moon, Tae Yong; Nam, Sang Hwa; Park, Jong Yeon; Kim, Byung Soo [College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan (Korea, Republic of)

    1992-07-15

    Obstruction on the urinary tract eventually results in damage to the kidneys and lose of function. The questions that concern the clinician are the degree of nephron loss in that kidney and potential for recovery following the relief of obstruction. {sup 99m}Tc DMSA accumulates in tubule cells and has been proposed as a marker of the tubular mass. The authors estimated the renal uptake ratio of {sup 99m}Tc DMSA for the degree of nephron loss corresponding to duration of hydronephrosis following left ureteral ligation in 5 New Zealand white rabbits and the potential for recovery following percutaneous nephrostomy of hydronephrosis in 24 rabbits. While the renal uptake ratio of {sup 99m}Tc DMSA of the kidney with unilateral hydronephrosis following ureteral ligation reduced dramatically within 24 hour, that of the opposite healthy kidney increased, and the total renal uptake ratio was same as normal functioning kidneys before ureteral ligation. Upon ureteral release, there was no evidence of definite recovery or impairment in the experimental kidneys for 5 days. The authors conclude that a combination of ureteral release and administration of some drugs such as renal vasodilator or diuretics is an appropriate treatment for the recovery of function in unilateral hydronephrosis.

  9. Left ventricular function assessment using 123I/99mTc dual-isotope acquisition with two semi-conductor cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT cameras: a gated cardiac phantom study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tanguy Blaire

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The impact of increased energy resolution of cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT cameras on the assessment of left ventricular function under dual-isotope conditions (99mTc and 123I remains unknown. The Amsterdam-gated dynamic cardiac phantom (AGATE, Vanderwilt techniques, Boxtel, The Netherlands was successively filled with a solution of 123I alone, 99mTc alone, and a mixture of 123I and 99mTc. A total of 12 datasets was acquired with each commercially available CZT camera (DNM 530c, GE Healthcare and DSPECT, Biosensors International using both energy windows (99mTc or 123I with ejection fraction set to 33, 45, and 60 %. End-diastolic (EDV and end-systolic (ESV volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF, and regional wall motion and thickening (17-segment model were assessed using Cedars-Sinai QGS Software. Concordance between single- and dual-isotope acquisitions was tested using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC and Bland–Altman plots. Results There was no significant difference between single- or simultaneous dual-isotope acquisition (123I and 99mTc for EDV, ESV, LVEF, or segmental wall motion and thickening. Myocardial volumes using single- (123I, 99mTc and dual-isotope (reconstructed using both 123I and 99mTc energy windows acquisitions were, respectively, the following: EDV (mL 88 ± 27 vs. 89 ± 27 vs. 92 ± 29 vs. 90 ± 26 for DNM 530c (p = NS and 82 ± 20 vs. 83 ± 22 vs. 79 ± 19 vs. 77 ± 20 for DSPECT (p = NS; ESV (mL 40 ± 1 vs. 41 ± 2 vs. 41 ± 2 vs. 42 ± 1 for DNM 530c (p = NS and 37 ± 5 vs. 37 ± 1 vs. 35 ± 3 vs. 34 ± 2 for DSPECT (p = NS; LVEF (% 52 ± 14 vs. 51 ± 13 vs. 53 ± 13 vs. 51 ± 13 for DNM 530c (p = NS and 52 ± 16 vs. 54 ± 13 vs. 54 ± 14 vs. 54 ± 13 for DSPECT (p = NS; regional motion (mm 6.72 ± 2.82 vs. 6.58 ± 2.52 vs. 6.86 ± 2.99 vs. 6.59 ± 2

  10. Comparative study of 99Mo/99mTc generators at base of synthesized gels starting from 99Mo of activation and of fission

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez M, I.Z.; Monroy G, F.; Rivero G, T.; Rojas N, P.

    2007-01-01

    At the present time the more used and diffused radionuclide in nuclear medicine it is the Technetium 99 metastable ( 99 mTc) it is used for diagnostic and therapy. It is produced starting from molybdenum 99 ( 99 Mo), which is absorbed in chromatographic columns, loaded with alumina that absorb only 0.2% of 99 Mo situation that forces to use high specific activities of 99 Mo that it is obtained starting from the fission of the 235 U. Given these conditions and limitations, new preparation procedures of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators, of low or medium specific activity, its have been developed, using gels of zirconium molybdates that incorporates until 30% in weight of 99 Mo in the gel, and also conserve similar characteristics of quality and purity that those obtained by the traditional generator; reducing by this way the cost of production of the 99m Tc, when using 99 Mo of low specific activity, in the preparation of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators. The radiochemical characteristics of the elution of 99m Tc, depends strongly on the gel preparation conditions. In particular, the present work has for object to determine the influence of the used type of 99 Mo, fission or activation product, during the gels synthesis, as well as the used air flow for the agitation in the gels preparation and its influence in the quality of the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators. When diminishing the agitation air flow the efficiency it increases and in the radionuclide purity of the eluates and when using 99 Mo of fission for the gels production it increases in an important way the elution efficiency, the radiochemical purity and radionuclide of the eluates of 99m Tc. (Author)

  11. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with severe renal impairment associated with multisystem IgG4-related disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Coimbra Ferreira Beltrame

    Full Text Available Abstract The IgG4-related disease has a wide clinical spectrum where multiple organs can be affected, and the diagnosis depends on typical histopathological findings and an elevated IgG4 expression in plasma cells in the affected tissue. We describe the clinical presentation and evolution of a patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, severe kidney failure and systemic manifestations such as lymphadenomegaly and chronic pancreatitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the clinical picture and kidney and lymph node histopathology, in which immunohistochemistry of the lymphoid tissue showed policlonality and increased expression of IgG4, with a IgG4/total IgG ratio > 80%. The patient was treated with prednisone at a dose of 60 mg/day, followed by mycophenolate mofetil, and showed clinical and renal function improvement at 6 months of follow-up. The high index of suspicion of IgG4-related disease with multisystem involvement and the early treatment of this condition are essential to improve the prognosis of affected patients.

  12. A modified {sup 99} Mo- {sup 99} Tc generator on Zirconium molybdo- phosphate-{sup 99} Mo gel. Vol. 3

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    El-Kolaly, M T; Talaat, H [Labelled Compounds Department, Cairo (Egypt); Botros, N [Radioistspe and Generator Department, Radioisotope Production and Sealed Source Division, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt)

    1996-03-01

    A modified {sup 99} Mo - {sup 99} Tc gel generator is described. The new generator is based on the use of zirconium molybdophosphate - {sup 99} Mo gel in which {sup 99} Mo chemically combined in the gel structure, where {sup 99m}Tc can be easily eluted with distilled water or saline. The gel was prepared via chemical reaction between zirconyl chloride and molybdophosphate - {sup 99} Mo solution. The PH of the reaction mixture was adjusted with NaOH. Different gels have been prepared by varying the molar ratio of Mo:Zr:p. The PH and time of digeston on complete gel formation was also investigated in order to optimize the condition of gel preparation. Molybdophosphate {sup 32} P solution was used to determine the phosphorous content in the gel and in the {sup 99m}Tc eluate. The temperature and time of drying of the gel and their effect on {sup 99m}Tc elution efficiency were also studied. From the data obtained, the optimum conditions for routine production of {sup 99} Mo - {sup 99m}Tc generator are presented and discussed. 2 figs., 6 tabs.

  13. Comparison of 99Tcm(V)-DMSA and 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy in medullary thyroid carcinoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deng Bo; Xiao Huan; Chen Xiaofeng; Chen Huaming

    2004-01-01

    SPECT scintigraphy is used in 62 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which are divided into two groups: 32 patients by 99 Tc m (V)-DMSA and 30 patients by 99 Tc m -MIBI. The qualitative analysis and half quantitative analysis are performed to the early and delayed images. Comparing the results with two groups, there is no difference in the masculine rate of MTC primary focus, but the results of 99 Tc m (V)-DMSA scintigraphy is obviously larger than 99 Tc m -MIBI by half quantitative analysis. The results show that the 99 Tc m (V)-DMSA scintigraphy is more predominant than the 99 Tc m -(V)-DMSA scintigraphy may be superior to 99 Tc m -MIBI in MTC primary focus and metastasis focus before surging for MTC patients. (authors)

  14. Studies of post-elution concentration of {sup 99m}-Tc eluted from a gel type chromatographic generator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Suzuki, Katia N.; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: norisuzuki6@yahoo.com.br; jaosso@ipen.br

    2007-07-01

    The radiopharmaceuticals most used in Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine are those labeled with the metastable technetium ({sup 99m}Tc) due to its ideal physical properties of decay (t{sub 1/2} 6.01 h, E{gamma} 140 keV), low cost and availability facilitated through the commercial generator {sup 99}Mo /{sup 99m}Tc. This radionuclide is formed by the {beta}{sup -} decay of {sup 99}Mo adsorbed on an alumina column of the generator and collected in the form of sodium pertechnetate (Na{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}) by elution with saline solution (0.9%). The Radiopharmacy Center (CR) of the IPEN-CNEN/SP developed a gel type chromatographic generator of MoZr with {sup 99}Mo produced by {sup 98}Mo(n, {gamma}){sup 99}Mo reaction that occurs in IEA-R1 Nuclear Reactor. The gel is composed of zirconium molybdate with elution volume of 12 ml with an activity of 11100 MBq (300 mCi) producing a radioactive concentration of 925 MBq (34 mCi) / ml. The fission generator gives a higher radioactive concentration around 1850 MBq (69 mCi) / ml. The aim of this work is to study a system of post-elution concentration using ion exchange cartridges in tandem (cation - anion) for the attainment of a high enough radioactive concentration to meet the demand of market, with a proved quality. This system of concentration will be made based in the technique of solid phase extraction (SPE) using commercial cartridges of extraction, which contains the solid phase and eluent saline solution (0.9%). As the eluent results of this system used in the gel generator of MoZr will be compared with the fission generator currently produced by IPEN-CNEN/SP. (author)

  15. Dosimetric contribution of organs of biokinetics of {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 123}I to estimate radiation doses in thyroids of children of 1 and 5 years; Contribucion dosimetrica de organos de la biocinetica del {sup 99m}Tc y {sup 123}I para estimar dosis en tiroides de ninos de 1 y 5 anos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vasquez, M.V.; Castillo, C.E.; Abanto, D.M.; Rocha, D.; Garcia, W.H.; Marin, K., E-mail: marvva@hotmail.com [Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (UNT), Trujillo (Peru); Quispe, R. [Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnologico, UNAM, Mexico (Mexico)

    2015-07-01

    The absorbed doses by thyroids during uptake studies through biokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals containing {sup 123}I (iodine) or {sup 99m}Tc (pertechnetate) are estimated. Using the MIRD scheme and the representation of Cristy-Eckerman for thyroids in children of 1 and 5 years, the objective of the study was to determine whether the dosimetric biokinetic contributions of the organs of {sup 123}I (iodide) and {sup 99m}Tc (pertechnetate) biokinetic are significant in the estimated of the absorbed dose for thyroid uptake studies.

  16. Evaluation of 99Tcm nonspecific polyclonal IgG in the detection of rejection in a single lung transplant canine model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Larcos, G.; McLarty, A.J.; McGregor, C.G.A.; Brown, M.L.; Hung, J.C.; O'Connor, M.K.; Tazelaar, H.D.

    1993-01-01

    Acute rejection is an important cause of graft failure in single lung transplantation, however, current noninvasive tests are neither sensitive nor specific for this diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether 99 Tc m -labelled human nonspecific polyclonal IgG ( 99 Tc m -IgG) may serve as a marker for acute pulmonary rejection following allotransplantation in a dog model. Seventeen mongrel dogs were studied, including four controls and thirteen dogs which underwent surgery [right autotransplant recipient right unmodified allotransplant recipient, and right immunosuppressed allotransplant recipient]. At 6 days following surgery, all dogs received 67 Ga-citrate and 99 Tc m -IgG. Two days later all dogs were sacrified. Post-mortem examination revealed acute lung rejection in nine animals. No significant difference was found in the percentage uptake of both 99 Tc m -IgG and 67 Ga-citrate per gram of tissue between rejecting and nonrejecting transplanted lungs. In cases of moderate to severe rejection, only 67 Ga-citrate showed a significant difference in uptake between rejecting and contralateral native lungs, respectively. We conclude that 99 Tc m -IgG does not accurately identify acute lung rejection in the early postoperative period. (author)

  17. The method of activity determination of Tc-99m in ionization chamber

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Broda, R.

    1980-01-01

    The paper presents a method of finding the efficiency of sup(99m)Tc activity measurements in the ionization chamber, basing on 99 Mo activity measurements and the activity ratio of sup(99m)Tc to 99 Mo in 99 Mo + sup(99m)Tc solution. The activity of 99 Mo has been determined in 4πβ-γ coincidence system with liquid scintillator in β channel by means of the absolute method of two-stage coincidence. The activity ratio of sup(99m)Tc to 99 Mo has been determined by means of spectrometric method. The 99 Mo and sup(99m)Tc activities have been measured in 99 Mo + sup(99m)Tc generators, and the activity of sup(99m)Tc solution after elution has been measured. It has been shown that sup(99m)Tc activity, determined by means of the chamber method on the basis of the efficiency found, corresponds to the activity determined by means of spectrometric method, and that sup(99m)Tc activity, measured in generator before elution, is equal to the sum of sup(99m)Tc activity eluted and the one remained in generator. (author)

  18. Labelling and optimization of PHOTOFRIN {sup registered} with {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fakhar-e-Alam, M. [Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad (Pakistan); Roohi, S.; Amir, N.; Zahoor, R. [Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan). Isotope Production Div.; Atif, M.; Firdous, S. [National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Islamabad (Pakistan). Biophotonics Lab.

    2010-07-01

    PHOTOFRIN {sup registered} was labelled with {sup 99m}Tc using SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O as reducing agent. Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC-SG) in 0.05 M NaOH was used for evaluation of radiochemical purity. Labelling efficiency was dependent on various factors that include the ligand/reductant ratio, pH and time of incubation. Therefore, optimum conditions of labelling were also determined. The stability of {sup 99m}Tc-PHOTOFRIN {sup registered} in serum was checked by using fresh human serum. Tissue distribution of {sup 99m}Tc-PHOTOFRIN {sup registered} was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. PHOTOFRIN {sup registered} was labelled with an efficiency of > 95% under optimum conditions, which were PHOTOFRIN {sup registered}: 200 {mu}g, pH: 3-4, SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O: 15 {mu}g and 30 min incubation at room temperature. The {sup 99m}Tc-labelled PHOTOFRIN {sup registered} remained stable in human serum for 24 h. Biodistribution study in rats revealed maximum concentration of the labelled compound in liver, lungs and spleen at 0.5 h, and significant activity was also seen in the bladder and urine, indicating the mode of urinary excretion of PHOTOFRIN {sup registered}. (orig.)

  19. Distribuição do dextran-99mTc e do carvão ativado no linfonodo-sentinela em coelho = Distribution of dextran-99mTc and activated carbon in sentinel lymph nodes of rabbits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rocha, Rogério Porto da

    2006-01-01

    Conclusões: A solução de CA (6% e corante vital (azul patente V na proporção 1: 1 determinou uma fácil identificação do LS no intra-operatório. A análise comparativa da distribuição do CA e do dextran-99mTc demonstra que ambos se comportaram da mesma forma concentrando-se na mesma metade do LS

  20. Quality assurance of Mo-99/Tc-99m radionuclide generators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uzunov, Nikolay; Yordanova, Galina; Salim, Seniha; Stancheva, Natalya; Mineva, Vanya; Meléndez-Alafort, Laura; Rosato, Antonio

    2018-03-01

    Gamma-ray spectrometry analyses of the radionuclide content of eluate from two Mo-99/Tc-99m radionuclide generators POLTECHNET have been performed. The relative activities of 99Mo 103Ru and 131I radioisotopes with respect to the activity of 99mTc at different time intervals after the primary pertechnetate elution of the generators have been analyzed. The relative activities of the isotopes were determined and compared to the radionuclidic purity requirements for 99mTc.

  1. Evaluation of '99Mo presence in eluates of 99mTc used in nuclear medicine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ribeiro, Bianca da Silva

    2010-01-01

    Tc-99m is used for diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine through SPECT technique. It is obtained by the elution of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators. During the elution process 99 Mo can be extracted becoming a radionuclidic impurity. One of the quality parameters of the eluate is the radionuclidic purity, MBT (molybdenum break through), defined as the ratio between 99 Mo and 99m Tc activities in the eluate. The North-American and European pharmacopoeias restrict the 99 Mo content, respectively, in 0.015 e 0.1% and, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the activity ratio at the moment of administration of the radiopharmaceutical to the patient, should not exceed 0.015%. In Brazil, the control of such parameter is not obliged in official regulations. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the occurrence of 99 Mo in 99m Tc eluates. It was initially optimized a methodology to determine the activity of 99 Mo in eluate samples. Efficiency curves were obtained for a NaI (Tl) 8'' x 4'' scintillation detector installed at the In Vivo Monitoring Laboratory (LABMIV-IRD). The methodology has been validated through the measurement of a 99 Mo standard liquid source calibrated at the National Metrology Laboratory for Ionizing Radiation (LNMRI-IRD). The samples analyzed in this work were gently supplied by 5 Nuclear Medicine Clinics located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The activities of 99 mTc and 99 Mo in those samples have been measured respectively at the clinics and at the LABMIV. By applying a standardized methodology, the ration between the activities were calculated. The results show that 147 out of 174 samples presented 99 Mo activities above the minimum detectable activity of the technique. On the other hand, only 2 out of 147 samples surpassed the MBT limit suggested by the IAEA and have been detected in samples eluted from generators of 750 mCi. In one of the samples, eluted from a generator of 1000 mCi, the calculated MBT value was very close

  2. Studies of labelling conditions for gentamicin with sup(99m)Tc. Complexation with ruthexium. Establishment of pharmacokinetics parameters through compartmental analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carvalho, O.G. de.

    1988-01-01

    Gentamicin sulphate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic type specifically used for treatment of infections produced by Gram-negative bacterias but at the other hand it presents ototoxic reactions as a serious side effect. The main purpose of labelling gentamicin with sup(99m)Tc was to obtain a radioactive tracer to carry out biological studies and compartmental analysis of this antibiotic. The optimal labelling conditions of gentamicin sulphate with sup(99m)Tc, using sodium pertechnetate solution eluted from a sup(99)Mo- sup(99m)Tc generator, were stablished by testing different masses of antibiotic, and reduction agent (SnCl sub(2).2H sub(2)O), and also different reaction time and final labelling PH. The same labelling procedure was used with Re (amonium perrenate) in order to obtain some semi-quantitative approximations of the chemical structure of the complex formed, since Re and Tc present similar chemical characteristics. In this way it is possible to suggest the role that the groups NH2 and C-O bonding of the gentamicin play in the complexation process. From the studies of the biological uptake of sup(99m)Tc-gentamicin sulphate in rats, the kidneys showed the highest affinity for the antibiotic. The maximum uptake was observed in 180 to 240 minutes followed by a decrease of it afterwards. For the dose and time used, no significative uptake by the auricular region was detected. Curve of plasma decay of sup(99m)Tc-gentamicin was obtained, and from the exponentials of each beanch of this curve respective half-lives were calculated. Furthermore the apparent volume of distribution was determined, and with the residual radioactivity in the body, the biological half-life and total clearance were obtained. The distribution of sup(99m)Tc-gentamicin in rats was set in a bi-compartments in addition to a retention one for the 24 hours time interval studied. (author)

  3. Dimer of the peptide cycle (Ar-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys) radiolabeled with {sup 99m}Tc for the integrin s over-expression image: formulation, biokinetics and dosimetry; Dimero del peptido ciclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys) radiomarcado con {sup 99m}Tc para la imagen de sobre-expresion de integrinas: formulacion, biocinetica y dosimetria

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ortiz A, Z.

    2013-07-01

    In breast cancer, α(v)β(3) and/or α(v)β(5) integrin s are over-expressed in both endothelial and tumour cells. Radiolabeled peptides based on the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence are radiopharmaceuticals with high affinity and selectivity for those integrin s. The RGD-dimer peptide (E-[c(RGDfK)]{sub 2}) radiolabeled with {sup 99m}Tc has been reported as a radiopharmaceutical with 10-fold higher affinity for the α(v)β(3) integrin as compared to the RGD-monomer. EDDA (Ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid) is a hydrophilic molecule that may favours renal excretion when used as coligand in the {sup 99m}Tc labelling of HYNIC-peptides and can easily be formulated in a lyophilized kit. Aim: Establish a biokinetic model for {sup 99m}Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]{sub 2} prepared from lyophilized kits and evaluate the dosimetry as breast cancer imaging agent. Methods: {sup 99m}Tc labelling was performed by addition of sodium pertechnetate solution and 0.2 M phosphate buffer ph 7.0 to a lyophilized formulation containing E-[c(RGDfK)]{sub 2}, EDDA, tricine, mannitol and stannous chloride. Radiochemical purity was evaluated by reversed phase HPLC and ITLC-SG analyses. Stability studies in human serum were carried out by size-exclusion HPLC. In-vitro cell uptake was tested using breast cancer cells (MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231) with blocked and non-blocked receptors. Biodistribution and tumour uptake were determined in MCF7 tumour-bearing nude mice with blocked and non-blocked receptors, and images were obtained using a micro-SPECT/CT. Whole-body images from seven healthy women were acquired at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after {sup 99m}Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]{sub 2} administration obtained with radiochemical purities of >94 %. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around source organs on each time frame. Each ROI was converted to activity using the conjugate view counting method. The image sequence was used to extrapolate {sup 99m}Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]{sub 2} time-activity curves in each

  4. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of a novel "3 + 1" mixed ligand 99mTc complex having an aliphatic thiol as coligand.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rey, A; Papadopoulos, M; Leon, E; Mallo, L; Pirmettis, Y; Manta, E; Raptopoulou, C; Chiotellis, E; Leon, A

    2001-03-01

    A novel "3 + 1" mixed ligand 99mTc complex with N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N'N'-diethyl-ethilenediamine as ligand and 1-octanethiol as coligand was prepared and evaluated as potential brain radiopharmaceutical. Preparation at tracer level was accomplished by substitution, using 99mTc-glucoheptonate as precursor and a coligand/ligand ratio of 5. Under these conditions the labeling yield was over 80% and a major product with radiochemical purity >80% was isolated by HPLC methods and used for biological evaluation. Chemical characterization at carrier level was developed using the corresponding rhenium and 99gTc complexes. Results were consistent with the expected "3 + 1" structure and X-ray diffraction study demonstrated that the complex adopted a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. All sulphur atoms underwent ionization leading to the formation of a neutral compound. Biodistribution in mice demonstrated early brain uptake, fast blood clearance and excretion through hepatobiliary system. Although brain/blood ratio increased significantly with time, this novel 99mTc complex did not exhibit ideal properties as brain perfusion radiopharmaceutical since brain uptake was too low.

  5. [Shielding effect of clinical X-ray protector and lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of 99mTc].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fukuda, Atsushi; Koshida, Kichiro; Yamaguchi, Ichiro; Takahashi, Masaaki; Kitabayashi, Keitarou; Matsubara, Kousuke; Noto, Kimiya; Kawabata, Chikako; Nakagawa, Hiroto

    2004-12-01

    Various pharmaceutical companies in Japan are making radioactive drugs available for positron emission tomography (PET) in hospitals without a cyclotron. With the distribution of these drugs to hospitals, medical check-ups and examinations using PET are expected to increase. However, the safety guidelines for radiation in the new deployment of PET have not been adequately improved. Therefore, we measured the shielding effect of a clinical X-ray protector and lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of (99m)Tc. We then calculated the shielding effect of a 0.25 mm lead protector, 1 mm lead, and lead glass using the EGS4 (Electron Gamma Shower Version 4) code. The shielding effects of 22-mm lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of (99m)Tc were approximately 31.5% and 93.3%, respectively. The clinical X-ray protector against annihilation radiation approximately doubled the skin-absorbed dose.

  6. Determination of Tc-99 in radioactive wastes; Determinacion de Tc-99 en desechos radiactivos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rivera S, A. A.

    2015-07-01

    Tc-99 is a fission product and one of the most important radionuclides from the view point of safety assessment for the disposal of radioactive waste because of its long half-life (2.1 x 10{sup 5} years) and high mobility in soil-water systems, if this is released into the environment in significant quantities can concentrate on plants and animals. Tc-99 is a pure beta emitter with a maximum energy of 292 KeV, so their quantification imposes destructive methods to be analyzed by liquid scintillation. Therefore the quantification of Tc-99 in ion exchange resins requires of the mineralization of these and separation of Tc-99 of other radioisotopes present in the resin. Therefore the object of this thesis is to develop a quantification method of Tc-99 content in spent exchange resins. So in order to track the behavior of technetium during digestion exchange resins and radiochemical separation, given its high volatility, in this work the {sup 99m}Tc is used. To determine the degree of mineralization of the resins, an analysis was performed by chromatography. Subsequently the method used to determine the percentage of {sup 99m}Tc aerosolized during mineralization of resin is described. After the method for the radiochemical separation of {sup 99m}Tc is presented by liquid-liquid extraction using crown ether as extractant; for this testing was performed by varying the molarity of the extractant, the ratio of solvent extractant, type of digestion of the resin and the presence of Sr-85, in order to study the behavior of {sup 99m}Tc in the presence of this radioisotope. Finally, a track beta spectra of a sample of {sup 99m}Tc eluted from a generator {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc function of time was performed. (Author)

  7. The Use of Technetium-99m as a Clinical Scanning Agent for Thyroid, Liver and Brain; Utilisation du {sup 99m}Tc comme Agent d'Exploration Clinique de la Thyroide, du Foie et du Cerveau; Ispol'zovanie Tc{sup 99m} kak klinicheskogo agenta pri skennirovanii shchitovidnoj zhelezy, pecheni i mozga; Empleo del {sup 99m}Tc como Agente para la Exploracion Clinica de la Tiroides, el Higado y el Cerebro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Harper, P. V.; Lathrop, K. A.; McCardle, R. J.; Andros, G. [Argonne Cancer Research Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics, Chicago, IL (United States)

    1964-10-15

    selectivamente por la tiroides, el estomago y las glandulas salivales. Los datos facilitados por la excrecion indican que su periodo biologico es de unos 2 d. Con una dosis de irradiacion calculada en 100 mrad para la glandula y en 5 mrad para el cuerpo entero, se pueden efectuar exploraciones tiroideas de muy buena calidad entre meedia hora y una hora despues de administrar 1 me de esta sustancia lo que representa una gran ventaja sobre el {sup 131}I. El TcO{sub 4} no atraviesa libremente la barrera hematoencefalica, lo que ha permitido obtener excelentes imagenes del cerebro con un tiempo de exploracion de 2 a 5 min aprovechando el elevado fndice de recuento correspondiente a dosis de 5 a 10 me de {sup 99m}Tc. Como el tiocianap pentavalente se disuelve en una emulsion de grasa, gran parte del {sup 99m}Tc se localiza en el higado; en este caso el elevado fndice de recuento permite tambien proceder a una rapida exploracion de esta glandula con un'mayor poder de resolucion. Es muy probable que este tipo de mejores resultados aun utilizando sondas mas eficaces y adaptando los parametros biologicos y quimicos a condiciones optimas. (author) [Russian] Pri poiskah ''ideal'nogo'' izotopa dlja skennirovanija tehnecij-99m, povidimomu, imeet mnogo preimushhestv. Jeto veshhestvo javljaetsja chistym gamma-izluchatelem s jenergiej 140 kjev (9% konveosija) otsutstvii izluchenija chastic, imeet shestichasovoj fizicheskij period poluraspada, umerennuju stoimost', javljaetsja dostupnym dochernim produktom molibdena-99 s periodom poluraspada 2,7 dnja, ot kotorogo on legko otdeljaetsja na kolonke s okis'ju aljuminija. V obychnoj forme (Tc{sup 99m}O{sub 4}{sup -}) on raspredeljaetsja v organizme tak zhe kak CIO{sub 4}{sup -} i J, bystro rasprostranjajas' vo vnekletochnom prostranstve, izbiratel'no zahvatyvaetsja shhitovidnoj zhelezoj, zheludkom i sljunnymi zhelezami. 5 sootvetstvii s dannymi vydelenija period poluvyvedenija sostavljaet priblizitel'no dva dnja. Chetkie skennogrammy shhitovidnoj

  8. Cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl complexes of 99mTc for the in vivo imaging of the serotonin 5-HT 1a receptor in the brain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saidi, Mouldi; Trabelsi, Adel; MEKNI, Abdelkader; Kretzschmar, M.; Sefert, S.; Bergmann, R.; Pietzsch, H.-J.

    2005-01-01

    The present interest in the 5-HT 1a receptor is due to its implicated role in several major neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, eating disorders and anxiety. For the diagnosis of these pathophysiological processes it is important to have radioligands in hand able to specifically bind on the 5-HT 1a receptor in order to allow brain imaging. due to the optimal radiation properties of 99mTc there is a considerable interest in the development of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for imaging serotonergic CNS receptors using single-photon emission tomography (SPET). Here we introduce two cyclopentadienyl technitium tricarbonyl conjugates of piperidine derivatives which show high accumulation of radioactivity in brain areas rich in 5-HT 1a receptors

  9. Fatores de correção volumétrica na medição de atividade de 99mTc e 123I em calibradores de radionuclídeos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amanda Ribeiro Correia

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar os fatores de correção para a variação volumétrica dos radiofármacos contidos em recipientes de diferentes geometrias. Comparar a influência desses fatores na determinação da atividade de 99mTc e 123I utilizando dois tipos de calibradores: um com câmara de ionização e outro com detector Geiger-Müller (G-M. Avaliar o desempenho de calibradores de alguns serviços de medicina nuclear em medição de atividade de 99mTc e 123I. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados oito calibradores, frascos de vidro 10R, seringas de plástico de 3 e 5 mL e soluções de 99mTc e 123I. Os fatores de correção foram determinados a partir das medições práticas da variação da leitura do calibrador com a variação do volume da solução no recipiente. O desempenho foi avaliado em relação ao critério de aceitação de ±10% de exatidão exigida pela norma brasileira. RESULTADOS: A variação da resposta do calibrador com a variação do volume do frasco foi bem maior no calibrador que utiliza G-M. Ela também foi maior para 123I do que para 99mTc. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados confirmam que a resposta dos calibradores depende do volume contido nos recipientes. Essa dependência é mais crítica para os calibradores equipados com detector G-M e para 123I quando comparado com 99mTc.

  10. Determination of Sn in 99{sup m}Tc Radiopharmaceutical Kits by Polarographic Methods; Determinacion de Estano en Radiofarmacos de 99{sup m}Tc mediante Metodos Polarograficos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Castro, M; Cruz, J; Sanchez, M

    2009-07-01

    Kits of 99{sup m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals are used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis of different diseases. Sn (II) is one of the essential components in their formulations, which is used for reduction 99{sup m}Tc-pertechnetate in cold kits for on-site preparation 99{sup m}Tc-pertechnetate radiopharmaceuticals. Usually, these cold kits contain different additives (complexing agents, antioxidants, buffers, etc.) and the amount of Sn (II) varies from kit to kit. The determination of Sn in these products is essential in assessing their quality. We report here the development of a new polarographic method for the determination of Sn (II) and total Sn in representative radiopharmaceuticals kits (for the content of Sn and chemical composition) produced at the Center of Isotopes of Cuba (CENTIS). These methods were validated by analysis of variance and recovery techniques. From the results of the validation, the characteristic functions of uncertainties and fits are considered for the established methods, which give the necessary evidences to demonstrate the usefulness of these methods according to the current trends in Analytical Chemistry. This work provides practical results of great importance for CENTIS. After the speciation of Sn in the MAG3 radiopharmaceuticals kit is inferred that the production process is affected by uncontrolled factors that influence in the product stability, which demonstrates the necessity for analytical tools for the characterization of products and processes. (Author) 57 refs.

  11. Scintigraphic images of bacterial infection using aptamers directly labeled with {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santos, S.R.; Correa, C.R.; Andrade, A.S.R., E-mail: sararoberta7@hotmail.com, E-mail: crisrcorrea@gmail.com, E-mail: antero@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Barros, A.L.B.; Diniz, S.O.F.; Cardoso, V.N., E-mail: brancodebarros@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: valbertcardoso@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: simoneodilia@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Faculdade de Farmacia. Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas

    2015-07-01

    Staphylococcus aureus is specie of great medical importance and is the most commonly agent found in infections of soft tissues, bone infections and bone prostheses. In this study, aptamers selected to S. aureus were labeled by the direct method with {sup 99m}Tc and used for bacterial infection identification by scintigraphy. The radiolabeled aptamers radiochemical purity and stability were assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Three groups of Swiss mice (n=6) were used for the scintigraphic imaging studies. The first group was infected intramuscularly in the right thigh with S. aureus, the second group with C. albicans and the third group received zymosan to induce aseptic inflammation. After 24 h, radiolabeled aptamers (18 MBq) were injected by the tail vein. Scintigraphic images were acquired at 1 h and 4 h postinjection. The radiolabeling yield with {sup 99m}Tc was over 90%. The radiolabeled aptamers were stable in 0.9% saline, plasma and cysteine excess. The scintigraphic image profiles showed high uptake in the kidneys and bladder in all groups, indicating a main renal excretion consistent with the hydrophilic nature of the molecule. No accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the thyroid, stomach, liver and spleen, indicating acceptable levels of radiochemical impurities. The group infected with S. aureus showed a visible uptake in the infected right thigh at 1 h post-injection. For the control groups (C. albicans and zymosan) visible differences between the right and left thighs were not observed. The radiolabeled aptamers were able to distinguish aseptic inflammation from bacterial infection and bacterial from fungal infection. (author)

  12. Optimizing labeling conditions for cysteine-based peptides with {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sabahnoo, Hamideh; Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal, E-mail: sjhosseinim@yahoo.com [Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2016-07-01

    Radiolabelled peptides have attracted a great deal of attention due to their wide applicability in the development of target-specific radiopharmaceuticals. They can easily be used in diagnostic imaging as carriers for the delivery of radionuclides to tumors as well as for therapy. Previous investigations revealed that technetium(V) could form stable complexes with peptide-based ligands of N{sub 3}S type such as Cys-Gly-Gly-Gly. Herein, a targeting HER-2 receptor peptide was labeled with technetium-{sup 99m} ({sup 99m}Tc) with two different types of tetrapeptide-based ligands, Cys-Gly-Gly-Gly and Cys-Ser-Ser-Ser. The effect of experimental parameters in the labeling procedure such as type of buffer solutions, pH of media, and type of exchange ligands were optimized toward obtaining maximum labeling yield. The optimum labeling conditions were different for two peptides. Shelf life of both labeled peptides was determined by analytical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) that showed radiochemical yield up to 95% even after 4 h. (author)

  13. Alcoholic hepatitis with negligible sup(99m)Tc uptake and transient elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoshino, Hirosuke; Okumura, Makoto; Shimizu, Masanori; Eimoto, Tadaaki

    1981-01-01

    A 35 year old male with typical alcoholic hepatitis presented almost negligible uptake of sup(99m)Tc on the liver scan. Electron microscopic findings disclosing decreased number of Kupffer cells and impaired blood flow in the sinusoids may elucidate extremely diminshed uptake of isotope by the liver. Transient elevation of serum α-fetoprotein up to 3200 ng/ml observed during the active stage may indicate a regeneration process of hepatic necrosis occurred following the acute alcoholic hepatitis. (author)

  14. Study of different adsorbent materials for the preparation of generator systems of 99Mo - 99mTc and 188W-188Re

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain

    2009-01-01

    Amongst some existing radioisotopes, 99m Tc and 188 Re present adequate physical chemical properties for use in Nuclear Medicine in the areas of diagnosis and therapy, respectively. Moreover, these radioisotopes can be distributed to medical centers in the form of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99m Tc and 188 W- 188 Re, allowing autonomy and practicity in use. The objective of this work consists of determining the capacity of some adsorbent materials for retention of molibdenium and tungsten, aiming the optimization of generator systems of 99 Mo- 99 mTc and 188 W- 188 Re with suitable characteristics for application in Nuclear Medicine. Known amounts, in mass, of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) were added to the loading solutions previously prepared, with values of pH adjusted between 1 and 7, and these were then percolated through different devices containing in its interior alumina, resin or poly-zirconium compound also known as PZC. The elutions were carried out within an interval of time of approximately 24 hours for the generator systems of 99 Mo - 99 mTc and 48 hours for the generator systems of 188 W- 188 Re due to the difference between the half-lives of radionuclides involved in the reactions. The eluted samples from both generator systems containing 99m Tc or 188 Re were submitted to quality control tests aiming to evaluate the radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity, but no significant contamination for 99 Mo, 188 W, technetium or rhenium in the colloidal states and zirconium were detected in the eluted solutions and in the solutions extracted with saline solution for any value of pH studied. The commercial alumina cartridges known as Acid Sep Pak were more efficient in retaining the molybdenum in the loading solutions when compared with the others commercial retention devices employed. However, when this comparison extends to the chromatographic alumina columns, the use of acid alumina as adsorbent is more efficient when compared to the Acid Sep

  15. Semi-quantitative analysis of post-transarterial radioembolization 90Y Microsphere position emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) images in advance liver malignancy: Comparison with 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rhee, Seung Hong; Kim, Sung Eun; Cho, Jae Hyuk; Park, Ju Kyung; Kim, Yun Hwan; Choe, Jae Gol; Eo, Jae Seon; Park, So Yeon; Lee, Eun Sub

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between pretreatment planning technetium-99m ( 99 mTc) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT images and posttreatment transarterial radioembolization (TARE) yttirum-90 ( 90 Y) PET/CT images by comparing the ratios of tumor-to-normal liver counts. Fifty-two patients with advanced hepatic malignancy who underwent 90 Y microsphere radioembolization from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had undergone 99 mTc MAA intraarterial injection SPECT for a pretreatment evaluation of microsphere distribution and therapy planning. After the administration of 90 Y microspheres, the patients underwent posttreatment 90 Y PET/CT within 24 h. For semiquantitative analysis, the tumor-to-normal uptake ratios in 90 Y PET/CT (TNR-yp) and 99 mTc MAA SPECT (TNR-ms) as well as the tumor volumes measured in angiographic CT were obtained and analyzed. The relationship of TNR-yp and TNR-ms was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation and Wilcoxon's matched pairs test. In a total of 79 lesions of 52 patients, the distribution of microspheres was well demonstrated in both the SPECT and PET/CT images. A good correlation was observed of between TNR-ms and TNR-yp (rho value = 0.648, p < 0.001). The TNR-yp (median 2.78, interquartile range 2.43) tend to show significantly higher values than TNR-ms (median 2.49, interquartile range of 1.55) (p = 0.012). The TNR-yp showed weak correlation with tumor volume (rho = 0.230, p = 0.041). The 99mTc MAA SPECT showed a good correlation with 90 Y PET/CT in TNR values, suggesting that 99 mTc MAA can be used as an adequate pretreatment evaluation method. However, the 99 mTc MAA SPECT image consistently shows lower TNR values compared to 90Y PET/CT, which means the possibility of underestimation of tumorous uptake in the partition dosimetry model using 99 mTc MAA SPECT. Considering that 99 mTc MAA is the only clinically available surrogate marker

  16. Computer assisted analysis of sup(99m)Tc pyrophosphate bone uptake in Paget's disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maayan, M.L.; Eisenberg, J.; Volpert, E.; Shai, F.; Mroczek, R.

    1982-01-01

    The present clinical study describes a method of evaluation of Paget's disease bone by computer assisted analysis of activity curves obtained over normal and pathological portions of the skeleton in the same patient. The data obtained lead to a differential diagnosis between Paget's and metastatic disease of the bone, as well as an evaluation of subsequent therapy. The results indicate a higher bone activity, (expressed by bone flow and bone uptake, of sup(99m)Tc pyrophosphate) in Paget's than in metastatic disease of the bone, as well as a normalization of these parameters after prolonged therapy of Paget's patients with salmon calcitonin

  17. Influence of alumina phases on the molybdenum adsorption capacity and chemical stability for {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generators columns

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guedes-Silva, Cecilia C.; Ferreira, Thiago dos Santos; Paula, Carolina M. de; Otubo, Larissa, E-mail: cecilia.guedes@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Carvalho, Flavio M.S. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (IGC/USP), SP (Brazil). Instituto de Geociencias

    2016-07-15

    Technetium-{sup 99m} is the clinically most used radionuclide worldwide. Although many techniques can be applied to separate {sup 99}Mo and {sup 99m}Tc, the most commonly used method is the column chromatography with alumina as stationary phase. However, the alumina nowadays used has limited adsorption capacity of molybdate ions which implies the need to develop or improve materials to produce high specific activity generators. In this paper, alumina was obtained by a solid state method and heat treatments at different conditions. The powders had a microstructure with porous particles of γ, δ, θ and α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phases as well as specific surface area between 36 and 312 m{sup 2} g{sup -1}. Most interesting results were reached by powders calcined at 900 deg C for 5 hours which had high chemical stability and a molybdenum adsorption capacity of 92.45 mg Mo per g alumina. (author)

  18. Development of lyophilized kit of Tin-Glucoheptonate for in vitro labeling of leucocytes with {sup 99m}Tc; Desenvolvimento de reagente liofilizado de glucoheptonato-estanho para marcacao de leucocitos com Tecnecio-99m in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nascimento, Rosemeire Fagundes

    2007-07-01

    The study and localization of inflammatory and infection process in Nuclear Medicine represents a relevant tool in diagnostic procedures. In same cases, the diagnostic is easy and based on anamnesis and clinical observation; in other cases, the patients are asymptomatic or present non specific symptoms that difficult the diagnostic. The early diagnostic of inflammatory or infectious process allow the early introduction of therapy and prevents complications. Farther, the differentiation between inflammation and infection is of extreme importance as well as the localization of the focus. The use of labeled leucocytes, studied and applied in much pathologies, is the method of choice for the visualization of inflammation and infection. The scintigraphy using labeled leucocytes was introduced at 1976 by McAffe and Thakur and since of this is used in the diagnostic of different pathologies related to leucocyte infiltration like intestinal inflammatory disease, bone or prosthetic-vascular infections. The in vitro labeling of leucocytes with {sup 111}In was performed using oxime or tropolone as ligand and with {sup 99m}Tc using hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) as ligand, resulting in a lipophilic complex. The {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAG complex was preferably employed in many indications and countries do to the ideal physical properties of {sup 99m}Tc that results in low dose to the patient. However, the labeling employing the HMPAO complex results in some disadvantages like the low stability of the complex, and some requirements related to the {sup 99m}Tc elution (like the time pos elution), beyond the high cost of the compound that is imported. The aim of this work was the development of a tin-glucoheptonate lyophilized kit for in vitro leucocytes labeling with {sup 99m}Tc using the pre-stannization method. The optimization of the labeling technique was developed using leucocytes isolated from total blood and employing different volumes of the tinglucoheptonate reagent and

  19. In vivo/in vitro labeling of red blood cells with sup(99m)Tc and clinical applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bauer, R.; Langhammer, H.; Pabst, H.W.; Bauer, U.; Sauer, E.

    1981-01-01

    A reliable and stabile in vivo/in vitro labeling technique of red blood cells (RBC) is described. The patients are injected 20% of the content of an unlabeled kit used for bone scintigraphy (TechneScan PYP, Byk-Mallinckrodt). 15 minutes later 3 ml blood are sampled in a heparinized syringe. The blood is incubated together with 30-40 mCi (1-1.5 GBq) sup(99m)Tc for 10 minutes in a water bath at 35-37 0 C. After centrifugation at 500 g a dose of 15-25 mCi (0.6-1 GBq) sup(99m)Tc labeled RBC may be withdrawn in a volume of 1-1.5 ml. Mean labeling efficiency is 88%, without using the first eluat of a Tc-generator the yield is as high as 92%. Due to the small volume, the labeled RBC may be reinjected as bolus and first pass radionuclide angiocardiography can be performed. Using labeled RBC, scintigraphy of the intravasal space is possible up to 20 hours without deterioration in contrast or accumulation of radioactivity in the extravasal space or in other organs. Evaluation of heart function can be performed up to 10 hours. In addition, labeled RBC are useful in detecting unknown gastrointestinal bleeding. (orig.) [de

  20. Anticuerpos IgG anti-toxoplasma gondii en pacientes con síntomas atribuíbles a toxoplasmosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge E. Collazo

    1993-12-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron 6.520 pacientes con síntomas atribuíbles a toxoplasmosis por la presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti - Toxoplasma gondii mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. El 51,27% de los evaluados resultaron positivos.El 60,85% de los pacientes con trastornos oculares son seropositivos a IgG anti - T. gondii; seguidos del 56,25 y 48,10% para aquellos con trastornos generales y gineco-obstétricos. Los síntomas o manifestaciones que evidenciaron mayor porcentaje de positividad fueron: astenia, coriorretinitis, trastornos menstruales, cefaleas y uveítis.

  1. The Effect of (99m)Tc on Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Measurement of Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fosbøl, Marie Øbro; Dupont, Anders; Alslev, Louise

    2012-01-01

    the administration of a tracer marked with (99m)Tc were included. The patients underwent a whole-body DXA scan before and within 2h after tracer injection using a GE/Lunar Prodigy scanner. Control scans were performed on 40 volunteers, who had not received any radioactive tracer. In both phantom and patient...

  2. {sup 99m}Tc radiolabeling and biodistribution study of scorpionfish (Scorpaena plumieri) venom in Swiss mice

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Soprani, Juliana; Pujatti, Priscilla B.; Santos, Raquel G. dos [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear(CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Lab. de Radiobiologia]. E-mail: falejs@yahoo.com.br; priscillapujatti@yahoo.com.br; santosr@cdtn.br; Figueiredo, Suely G. de [Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES (Brazil). Depto. de Ciencias Fisiologicas]. E-mail: suelygf@gmail.com; Simal, Carlos [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Faculdade de Medicina]. E-mail: csimal@brfree.com.br

    2007-07-01

    The use of radiotracers in research of animal venom has been scarce, although it allows an excellent approach to follow the process of biodistribution and kinetics of toxins, and tissue distribution studies are very important for clinical use. Our group has demonstrated that Scorpaena plumieri venom (SP) possess high antitumoral activity and can be a source of template molecules for the development of antitumoral drugs. The purpose of this study was to radiolabel SP with 99mTc and investigate its biodistribution profile. High labeling yield was obtained and the results suggest that [99mTc]SP can be an useful tool for in vivo studies. The analysis indicated that SP is excreted manly by the kidneys with a slow clearance rate. The significant [99mTc]SP uptake in the heart and lungs may explain, at least partially, the pulmonary edema and effect cardiac observed by the envenoming. (author)

  3. Internal Dosimetry and the pharmacokinetic of the Cuban Kit of Methoxy-Isobutyl-Isonitrile (MIBI) marked with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Torres, L.A.; Pereztol, O.; Rodriguez, J.L.; Alvarez, I.; Fraxedas, R.; Mesa, G.; Rodriguez, R.

    1998-01-01

    The objective of the present work consisted on evaluating the Internal Dosimetry and the pharmacokinetic of the Cuban Kit of Methoxy-Isobutyl-Isonitrile (MIBI) marked with 99mTc. In the dosimetry studies and biodistribution five healthy volunteers were included and in the pharmacokinetic studies five patients were included with less than 5% of probability of suffering illness of artery coronary

  4. Labelling of m-trimethyl silylphenyl-ethylidene-1, i-bisphosphonate with /sup 99m/Tc and its evaluation as an imaging agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sajid, K.M.; Mahmood, R.

    2012-01-01

    Technetium-99m labeled phosphates and phosphonates have since long been in use for bone imaging to diagnose bone infection, bone metastasis and bone fracture. /sup 131/ I -labeled bisphosphonates have also been prepared for targeted radiotherapy of bone metastasis. Although animal experiments show good accumulation of bisphosphonates in bone. The agent has never been tried in humans because of high gamma and beta energy. The agent must first be tested in humans using a relatively safe radioisotope. Technitium-99m (/sup 99m/Tc) a radioisotope with relatively low gamma energy 99m and short half-life can serve as a good label. Whether /sup 99m/Tc-labeled bisphosphonates can be used as good imaging agents is another aspect that needs further investigation. A study was therefore, conducted to label m-trimethyl silylphenyl)-ethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate with /sup 99m/Tc and standardize the labeling procedure. The labeling procedure - involved reduction of technetium (TcO/sub 4/) with stannous chloride followed by chelation of technetium with bisphosphonates. Radiochemical purity was checked by paper chromatography. Pyrogenicity was checked by administration of the labeled compound into rabbits. The stability of the compound was determined by noting the radiochemical binding at several intervals of half an hour after preparation. Biodistribution of the agent was studied by injecting the labeled compound into rabbits. The results showed that the compound could be labeled with /sup 99m/Tc without any difficulty. The ease of binding was excellent. There was more than 95% binding of technetium with the compound and the labelled compound was reasonably stable for 5 hours after labeling. The rectal temperature remained stable during this period, which showed that the animal accepted the compound and there were no pyrogenic reactions. Biodistribution studies on rabbit showed that accumulation of agent was poor in bones and the labeled compound remains in blood even after 4

  5. Preclinical evaluation of (99m)Tc labeled chondroitin sulfate for monitoring of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sobal, Grazyna; Velusamy, Kavitha; Kosik, Siegfried; Menzel, Johannes; Hacker, Marcus; Pagitz, Maximilian

    2016-06-01

    In previous in-vitro and ex-vivo studies we proved the specific uptake of (99m)Tc radiolabeled chondroitin sulfate (CS) in human articular cartilage. As a logical next step for the clinical use for imaging osteoarthritis we investigated in-vivo uptake of (99m)TcCS in dogs. The radiolabeling of CS Condrosulf (IBSA, Lugano, Switzerland) was performed using 25mg of CS and 20-40MBq/kg body weight of (99m)Tc by means of the tin method. In-vivo uptake of (99m)TcCS was evaluated in dogs (n=12, castrated males, 4-9years, with 15-51kg body weight). 6 healthy dogs served as controls and 6 with clinical and radiological signs of osteoarthritis in the carpal, elbow, and tarsal joint were examined. The tracer was i.v. injected into the external cephalic vein. The uptake was monitored after 2, 4, 6 and 24h in healthy and osteoarthritic dogs using a planar gamma camera by regional planar or whole body ventral and dorsal acquisition. For whole body scintigraphy animals were under general anesthesia, for planar under sedation only. In healthy control dogs we did not detect any specific uptake of (99m)TcCS in the cartilage. In contrast, in the diseased dogs suffering from osteoarthritis a significant, specific, persistent uptake between 4 and 6h in tarsal, carpal and cubital joints was documented. Median target (joint) to background (mid antebrachium) ratio (T/B) in the OA joints after 4, 6, and 24h was significantly higher than in healthy controls. Target to background ratio using soft tissue as a background (T/S) a similar significantly higher than in healthy controls. In all osteoarthritic joints we found a significant positive correlation (r=0.8, n=20) between grade of disease (I-III) and T/B. When matching radiographic (X ray) changes in osteoarthritic joints (grade II and III) we found also a maximal uptake of (99m)TcCS at the specific anatomical site of highest cartilage degeneration. None of the dogs experienced any side effects. These results suggest that (99m)TcCS might

  6. Use of {sup 99m}Tc 2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile in minimally invasive radioguided surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A narrative review of the current literature

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Denmeade, Kristie A [Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound Department, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, New South Wales (Australia); Constable, Chris [Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales (Australia); Reed, Warren M [Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales (Australia); Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound Department, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, New South Wales (Australia)

    2013-06-15

    The use of technetium-99m 2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile ({sup 99m}Tc MIBI) for assistance in minimally invasive radioguided surgery (MIRS) is growing in popularity as a safe, effective, and proficient technique used for parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) treatment. Previously, the preferred treatment for PHPT was bilateral neck exploration (BNE), a very invasive, costly, and lengthy procedure. However, as a large majority (80–85% of cases of PHPT) are attributed to a single parathyroid adenoma (PA), a simpler more direct technique such as MIRS is a far better option. The following article is an exploration of the current literature concerning varied protocols utilizing {sup 99m}Tc MIBI for assistance in MIRS for patients undergoing treatment of PHPT. This technique boasts many advantageous outcomes for patients suffering from PHPT. These include a reduction in cost, operating time, and patient recovery; less evidence of post-surgical hypocalcaemia, less pain, and complications; superior cosmetic results; same-day discharge; and the possibility of local anaesthesia which is particularly beneficial in elderly patients. Better outcomes for patients with deep or ectopic PAs, reduced intra-operative complications, and improved cosmetic outcomes for patients who have previously undergone thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery are also advantageous. Of the literature reviewed it was also found that no patients suffered any major surgical complications such as laryngeal nerve palsy or permanent hypoparathyroidism using {sup 99m}Tc MIBI for assistance in MIRS.

  7. Semi-quantitative analysis of post-transarterial radioembolization {sup 90}Y Microsphere position emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) images in advance liver malignancy: Comparison with {sup 99m}Tc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rhee, Seung Hong; Kim, Sung Eun; Cho, Jae Hyuk; Park, Ju Kyung; Kim, Yun Hwan; Choe, Jae Gol [Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Eo, Jae Seon; Park, So Yeon; Lee, Eun Sub [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-03-15

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between pretreatment planning technetium-99m ({sup 99}mTc) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT images and posttreatment transarterial radioembolization (TARE) yttirum-90 ({sup 90}Y) PET/CT images by comparing the ratios of tumor-to-normal liver counts. Fifty-two patients with advanced hepatic malignancy who underwent {sup 90}Y microsphere radioembolization from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had undergone {sup 99}mTc MAA intraarterial injection SPECT for a pretreatment evaluation of microsphere distribution and therapy planning. After the administration of {sup 90}Y microspheres, the patients underwent posttreatment {sup 90}Y PET/CT within 24 h. For semiquantitative analysis, the tumor-to-normal uptake ratios in {sup 90}Y PET/CT (TNR-yp) and {sup 99}mTc MAA SPECT (TNR-ms) as well as the tumor volumes measured in angiographic CT were obtained and analyzed. The relationship of TNR-yp and TNR-ms was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation and Wilcoxon's matched pairs test. In a total of 79 lesions of 52 patients, the distribution of microspheres was well demonstrated in both the SPECT and PET/CT images. A good correlation was observed of between TNR-ms and TNR-yp (rho value = 0.648, p < 0.001). The TNR-yp (median 2.78, interquartile range 2.43) tend to show significantly higher values than TNR-ms (median 2.49, interquartile range of 1.55) (p = 0.012). The TNR-yp showed weak correlation with tumor volume (rho = 0.230, p = 0.041). The 99mTc MAA SPECT showed a good correlation with {sup 90}Y PET/CT in TNR values, suggesting that {sup 99}mTc MAA can be used as an adequate pretreatment evaluation method. However, the {sup 99}mTc MAA SPECT image consistently shows lower TNR values compared to 90Y PET/CT, which means the possibility of underestimation of tumorous uptake in the partition dosimetry model using {sup 99}mTc MAA SPECT. Considering that

  8. HPLC characterization of clinically used sup(99m)Tc bone agents. Relative tissue distribution of fractionated components in mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Srivastava, S.C.; Meinken, G.E.; Richards, P.; Ford, L.A.; Benson, W.R.

    1982-01-01

    A study was undertaken to separate and characterize the components of clinically used (kit produced) 99m-Tc-Sn-MDP and 99m-Tc-Sn-EHDP preparations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using radioactivity detection mode. Tissue distribution studies of the HPLC fractionated species were carried out in mice in order to define the in vivo behavior of the individual components. Effect of many variables such as time, oxygen, pH, temperature, etc. on the above two systems was also studied in relation to the composition as determined by HPLC and changes, if any, in the biological behavior. The results demonstrate the unique capabilities of reverse phase HPLC for rapid and high resolution analysis of complex 99mTc radiopharmaceutical mixtures

  9. High power targets for cyclotron production of 99mTc‡

    OpenAIRE

    Zeisler, S. K.; Hanemaayer, V.; Buckley, K. R.; Hook, B. K.; MeDiarmid, S.; Klug, J.; Corsaut, J.; Kovacs, M.; Cockburn, N.; Exonomou, C.; Harper, R.; Valliant, J. F.; Ruth, T. J.; Schaffer, P.

    2015-01-01

    Introduction Technetium-99m, supplied in the form of 99Mo/99mTc generators, is the most widely used radioisotope for nuclear medical imaging. The parent isotope 99Mo is currently produced in nuclear reactors. Recent disruptions in the 99Mo supply chain [1] prompted the development of methods for the direct accelerator-based production of 99mTc. Our approach involves the 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction on isotopically enriched molybdenum using small medical cyclotrons (Ep ≤ 20 MeV), which is ...

  10. Simultaneous 99mTC and 123I Dual-Isotope Brain Striatal Phantom Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: Validation of 99mTC-Trodat-1 and 123I-IBZM Simultaneous Dopamine System Brain Imaging

    OpenAIRE

    Pan-Fu Kao; Shiaw-Pyng Wey; An-Shoei Yang

    2009-01-01

    [2[[2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-2-yl]-methyl](2-mercaptoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethanethiolato(3-)-N2,N2′,S2,S2]oxo-[1R-exo-exo)])-[99mTc]-technetium (99mTc-TRODAT-1) and 123I-iodobenzamide (123I-IBZM) are radiotracers for brain dopamine preand postsynaptic neuron imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate imaging parameters and crossed energy interference using simultaneous single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 99mTc and 123I data acquisition...

  11. Blood cell labeling with technetium-99m, (2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uchida, Tatsumi; Yoshida, Hiroshi; Matsuda, Shin; Kimura, Hideo; Miura, Nobuo

    1978-01-01

    Using a labeling method with sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate to red blood cells (RBC), circulating blood volume was measured in comparison with that from 51 Cr-labeled RBC method. The technique is easier than already published methods, because CIS kit for sup(99m)Tc-RBC labeling (TCK-11) became to be available recently. Two mls of ACD-anticoagulated blood were withdrawn and 0.5 ml of reducing reagent prepared just before use was added to blood, waiting 5 minutes and discarding the serum after centrifugation, then adding 100 μCi of sup(99m)Tc. After washing the labeled cells by isotonic saline, cells were re-suspended in 10 ml of saline and injected to the subject. Blood specimen was obtained 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after infusion and blood volume was calculated by the usual way. Circulating blood volume by sup(99m)Tc was well correlated with that by 51 Cr (=0.98, p 0.01), however, the value calculated from sup(99m)Tc were 4.8 percent higher than those by 51 Cr, which suggested the elution of sup(99m)Tc from labeled RBC. sup(99m)Tc method has the advantages that higher radioactivity can be obtained in small amount of blood, which is useful in the determination of blood volume in children or in small animals in the laboratory. The measurement of blood volume of the mouse was done by using sup(99m)Tc method. The results were 1.70 +- 0.06 ml (6.35 +- 0.18%/gm), which coincided with the values reported previously. Because of it's short half life and low radiation dosage to the patients, sup(99m)Tc method will be recommended in the field of pediatrics or in patients with polycythemia or congestive heart failure, who are requested the repeated measurement of blood volume. (auth.)

  12. Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis: appearance on /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid marrow scan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bronn, L.J.; Paquelet, J.R.; Tetalman, M.R.

    1980-01-01

    Imaging of the bone marrow by radionuclide scanning was performed using colloids, which are phagocytized by the reticuloendothelial cells of the marrow, or radioiron, which is incorporated into reticulocytes. The use of the former radiopharmaceutical is based on the assumption, generally valid except in aplastic states or after irradiation, that the distribution of hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial tissue in the marrow is similar. Regardless of the method used, active adult marrow is normally distributed only in the axial skeleton and proximal humeri and femurs. Marrow imaging has been used in the evaluation of myeloproliferative disorders, leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic states, malignancy metastatic to marrow, and hemolytic anemia. We report a case of thalassemia major in which the diagnosis of intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis was confirmed with the /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid bone marrow scan

  13. Evaluation of 99mTc labelled human immunoglobulin (99mTc-HIG) in infection/inflammatory foci imaging. Final report for the period 15 December 1996 - 15 August 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shimpi, H.H.

    1997-10-01

    The aim of the study was to investigate whether the labelling efficiency biodistribution and inflammatory focus detection are dependent on the source of the human immunoglobulin G (HIG) and the chelating agent used in the labelling of the HIG with 99mTc. Three forms of immunoglobulins; Gamma venin P, Intraglobulin F and Sandoglobulin were used in this study. Reduction of HIG was done by 2-mercaptoethanol at molar ratio 1000:1, with 30 minutes reaction time at room temperature. The reduced HIG was then purified, membrane filtered aliquoted and lyophilised. Lyophilised HIG was dissolved in sterile normal saline and chelated with one of the following ligands Sn-MDP, SN PYP, Sn DTPA, SN-GH and Sn-citrate and then added 99m Tc04 for labelling. The radiochemical purity of the labelled compound was 90%. The biodistribution studies were done wistar rats where in the experimental groups were sacrifised at 3,5 and 24 hours following 99mTc HIG injection intravenously. Imaging studies were carried out in rabbits. Sterile inflammatory lesions were produced in the thigh muscle of these animals by injection of turpentine oil and the contralateral thigh muscle served as-controls. The results showed that there was no significant difference in biodistribution and inflammatory focus uptake of 9gmTc HIG with respect to the sources of HIG. There was favourable biodistribution characteristics when the ligands used were Sn MDP and Sn-Citrate

  14. Radiolabeling of VEGF165 with 99mTc to evaluate VEGFR expression in tumor angiogenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galli, Filippo; Artico, Marco; Taurone, Samanta; Manni, Isabella; Bianchi, Enrica; Piaggio, Giulia; Weintraub, Bruce D; Szkudlinski, Mariusz W; Agostinelli, Enzo; Dierckx, Rudi A J O; Signore, Alberto

    2017-06-01

    Angiogenesis is the main process responsible for tumor growth and metastatization. The principal effector of such mechanism is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by cancer cells and other components of tumor microenvironment. Radiolabeled VEGF analogues may provide a useful tool to noninvasively image tumor lesions and evaluate the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs that block the VEGFR pathway. Aim of the present study was to radiolabel the human VEGF165 analogue with 99mTechnetium (99mTc) and to evaluate the expression of VEGFR in both cancer and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. 99mTc-VEGF showed in vitro binding to HUVEC cells and in vivo to xenograft tumors in mice (ARO, K1 and HT29). By comparing in vivo data with immunohistochemical analysis of excised tumors we found an inverse correlation between 99mTc-VEGF165 uptake and VEGF histologically detected, but a positive correlation with VEGF receptor expression (VEGFR1). Results of our studies indicate that endogenous VEGF production by cancer cells and other cells of tumor microenvironment should be taken in consideration when performing scintigraphy with radiolabeled VEGF, because of possible false negative results due to saturation of VEGFRs.

  15. The standardization methods of radioactive sources (125I, 131I, 99mTc, and 18F) for calibrating nuclear medicine equipment in Indonesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wurdiyanto, G.; Candra, H.

    2016-03-01

    The standardization of radioactive sources (125I, 131I, 99mTc and 18F) to calibrate the nuclear medicine equipment had been carried out in PTKMR-BATAN. This is necessary because the radioactive sources used in the field of nuclear medicine has a very short half-life in other that to obtain a quality measurement results require special treatment. Besides that, the use of nuclear medicine techniques in Indonesia develop rapidly. All the radioactive sources were prepared by gravimetric methods. Standardization of 125I has been carried out by photon- photon coincidence methods, while the others have been carried out by gamma spectrometry methods. The standar sources are used to calibrate a Capintec CRC-7BT radionuclide calibrator. The results shows that calibration factor for Capintec CRC-7BT dose calibrator is 1,03; 1,02; 1,06; and 1,04 for 125I, 131I, 99mTc and 18F respectively, by about 5 to 6% of the expanded uncertainties.

  16. Scintigraphic discrimination of infections from cancer with 67Ga citrate and sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okuyama, Shinichi; Ito, Yasuhiko; Sato, Tachio

    1977-01-01

    A paralleled study was carried out on lung cancer and infectious lesions by scintigraphy with 67 Ga citrate and sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate. Malignancies were Ga-positive but Tc-negative whilest infective lesions were positive with both radioisotopes. The technic is simple and yet unique in that it employs radioisotopic uptake ratios which were computed by recording radioactivity over such lesions and over appropriate control sites. This technic may offer a prompt and prospective means of making a differential diagnosis of lung cancer and active lung abscesses. Confirmative value of lesion to control region counting ratio was also emphasized. (auth.)

  17. Synthesis of Ethane-1-Hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid (EHDP) and preparation of labeled kits by 99mTc for bone studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yassin, T.; Assaad, T.; Ghanem, E.; Ajaia, R.; Karajoli, N.

    2013-08-01

    Ethane-1-Hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid monohydrate (EHDP) is very important precursor in radiopharmaceutical applications for bone diagnosis after labeling with 99mTc, was synthesized in high yield and purity. The compound was characterized by spectroscopic method. EHDP kit for bone imaging after labeling with technetium 99m was prepared according to an optimum conditions, Each vial contains 15 mg of EHDP and 25 mg of stannous chloride SnCl2. The prepared kit showed high quality satisfying the requirements of international pharmacopeias from of physical, chemical and radiochemical properties. The labeling yield exceeded 95% with an average value 99.6%. Biodistribution study of 99mTc-EHDP showed better clearance after three hours of injection in comparison with 99mTc-MDP kit (author).

  18. Direct 99mTc labeling of monoclonal antibodies: radiolabeling and in vitro stability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garron, J.Y.; Moinereau, M.; Pasqualini, R.; Saccavini, J.C.

    1991-01-01

    Direct labeling involves 99m Tc binding to different donor groups on the protein, giving multiple binding sites of various affinities resulting in an in vivo instability. The stability has been considerably improved by activating the antibody using a controlled reduction reaction (using 2-aminoethanethiol). This reaction generates sulfhydryl groups, which are known to strongly bind 99m Tc. The direct 99m Tc antibody labeling method was explored using whole antibodies and fragments. Analytical methods were developed for routine evaluation of radiolabeling yield and in vitro stability. Stable direct antibody labeling with 99m Tc requires the generation of sulfhydryl groups, which show high affinity binding sites for 99m Tc. Such groups are obtained with 2-aminoethanethiol (AET), which induces the reduction of the intrachain or interchain disulfide bond, with no structural deterioration or any loss of immunobiological activity of the antibody. The development of fast, reliable analytical methods has made possible the qualitative and quantitative assessment of technetium species generated by the radiolabeling process. Labeling stability is determined by competition of the 99m Tc-antibody bond with three ligands, Chelex 100 (a metal chelate-type resin), free DTPA solution and 1% HSA solution. Very good 99m Tc-antibody stability is obtained with activated IgG (IgGa) and Fab' fragment, which makes these substances possible candidates for immunoscintigraphy use. (author)

  19. Stability 'in vivo' and 'in vitro' of the diisopropyl-IDA sup(99m)Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Verdera, E.S.; Leon, A.S.; Robles, A.M.; Correa, Angela; Oliver, Guillermo; Gamma, Santos; Lanzzeri, Stella; Mitta, A.E.A.

    1982-01-01

    The 'in vitro' and 'in vivo' stability of the diisopropyl (IDA-3) kit in solution and of the molecule labelled with sup(99m)Tc was studied. The following items were studied a) shelf life of the kit in solution b) 'in vitro' stability of the labelled molecule c) distribution and elimination kinetics d) identification and behaviour of the excretion products. Chromatographic control shows 95% yield of labelled product after 20 days storage at 4 deg C and 92% yield after 30 days in the same conditions; biological distribution was good in both cases. Regarding the 'in vitro' stability, no alteration was observed within the 4 hours after its preparation. The stability of the complex was determined by the reaction between sup(99m)TcIDA-3 and DTPA. Analysis by electrophoresis shows the complex to be stable even with DTPA concentrations 5 times higher. Kinetics of distribution and elimination of the labelled molecule, in animals, were afterwards confirmed by sequential scintigraphic images in humans. The excretion of unaltered sup(99m)Tc-IDA by biliary and urinary ways was confirmed by cromatographic and electrophoretic analysis of bladder and gall bladder content and by determination of its biological distribution. (author) [es

  20. Radiolabeling of rituximab with {sup 188}Re and {sup 99m}Tc using the tricarbonyl technology

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dias, Carla Roberta [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Jeger, Simone [Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI (Switzerland); Osso, Joao Alberto [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Mueller, Cristina; De Pasquale, Christine; Hohn, Alexander; Waibel, Robert [Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI (Switzerland); Schibli, Roger, E-mail: roger.schibli@psi.c [Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI (Switzerland); Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences of the ETH, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)

    2011-01-15

    Introduction: The most successful clinical studies of immunotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) use the antibody rituximab (RTX) targeting CD20{sup +} B-cell tumors. Rituximab radiolabeled with {beta}{sup -} emitters could potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of the antibody by virtue of the particle radiation. Here, we report on a direct radiolabeling approach of rituximab with the {sup 99m}Tc- and {sup 188}Re-tricarbonyl core (IsoLink technology). Methods: The native format of the antibody (RTX{sub wt}) as well as a reduced form (RTX{sub red}) was labeled with {sup 99m}Tc/{sup 188}Re(CO){sub 3}. The partial reduction of the disulfide bonds to produce free sulfhydryl groups (-SH) was achieved with 2-mercaptoethanol. Radiolabeling efficiency, in vitro human plasma stability as well as transchelation toward cysteine and histidine was investigated. The immunoreactivity and binding affinity were determined on Ramos and/or Raji cells expressing CD20. Biodistribution was performed in mice bearing subcutaneous Ramos lymphoma xenografts. Results: The radiolabeling efficiency and kinetics of RTX{sub red} were superior to that of RTX{sub wt} ({sup 99m}Tc: 98% after 3 h for RTX{sub red} vs. 70% after 24 h for RTX{sub wt}). {sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red} was used without purification for in vitro and in vivo studies whereas {sup 188}Re(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red} was purified to eliminate free {sup 188}Re-precursor. Both radioimmunoconjugates were stable in human plasma for 24 h at 37{sup o}C. In contrast, displacement experiments with excess cysteine/histidine showed significant transchelation in the case of {sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red} but not with pre-purified {sup 188}Re(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red}. Both conjugates revealed high binding affinity to the CD20 antigen (K{sub d}=5-6 nM). Tumor uptake of {sup 188}Re(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red} was 2.5 %ID/g and 0.8 %ID/g for {sup 99m}Tc(CO){sub 3}-RTX{sub red} 48 h after injection. The values for other

  1. Generators of 99Mo-99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Robles, A.M.

    1994-01-01

    Between the radioisotopes family pairs we find the 99 Molibdenum - 99m technetium pairs. Such as isotope production,decay and chemical toxic, humid and dry generators,radiation protection handling practice and blinding had been sudied in this work.Tabs

  2. Principle of cerebral hemodynamic perfusion in SPECT and new evaluation method of hemodynamic reserve capacity using {sup 99m}Tc tracer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hashimoto, Masaaki; Mukai, Hironobu; Tada, Motoyuki; Miyazaki, Yoshiharu; Takimoto, Masamori; Shiozaki, Jun; Inoue, Hisashi [Noto General Hospital, Nanao, Ishikawa (Japan)

    2002-07-01

    We performed quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using {sup 99m}Tc tracer by the Patlak Plot method with reference to normal aging and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) capacity and then investigated a new evaluation method of CVR. Aging and decrease of ADL were significantly associated with reduction of the mean hemispheric CBF. In the acetazolamide (ACZ) stress test, these retrospective data showed some overlap in each ischemic grade on the relationship between rCBF and CVR response for the predictability of EC/IC bypass surgery. In these controversial problems, we must reconfirm the principle of cerebral hemodynamic perfusion in SPECT. First, retention tracer is distributed via the microcirculatory system to brain tissue. Second, therefore, we should understand not only the circulation of major vessels, but also the dynamics and rheology in parenchymal microcirculation to determine brain SPECT and CVR capacity. In the next step, we approached the new evaluation method of CVR capacity using {sup 99m}Tc tracer by a serial dynamic SPECT with a slip-ring rotational gamma camera. These preliminally findings suggest that a serial dynamic SPECT may be more useful for analyzing the pathophysiology on brain circulation and CVR than conventional approaches. (author)

  3. Comparison of carrier-added [99mTc] EDTMP and carrier-free preparations of [99mTc] EDTMP and [99mTc] DPD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krcal, A.; Kletter, K.; Dudczak, R.; Pirich, C.; Mitterhauser, M.

    2002-01-01

    Full text: High uptake of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in malignant bone lesions is a prerequisite for adequate bone scanning. Visual image analysis is impaired due to high soft-tissue activity with currently available [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP-kits. This study aimed to compare carrier-added [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP with carrier-free [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP and [ 99m Tc]-DPD preparations in clinical routine. 15 μg and 150 μg perrhenic acid respectively were added to [ 99m Tc]-pertechnetate (>6 GBq in 3 ml phys. saline). The solution was then transferred into a vial, containing 1 mg of EDTMP, 3.6 mg stannous(II)chloride and 10 mg ascorbic acid under inert conditions. Under vigorous stirring the reaction mixture was heated to 45 o C for 10 min. After cooling down to room temperature the labelling mixture was sterile filtrated (millipore 0.22 μm). Quality control was performed using radio-ITLC (Whatman SG; acetone or ethanol: R f perrhenate/pertechnetate 0.87, colloid/product 0.05; phys. saline: R f colloid 0.00, perrhenate/pertechnetate and product 0.9) allowing rapid and efficient assessment of the product. Carrier free [ 99m Tc]-EDTMP and [ 99m Tc]-DPD were prepared according to instructions of the manufacturer. Clinical studies were performed in 29 patients according to a routine bone scanning protocol by injecting 700-800 MBq of the respective tracer and whole body imaging 3 h thereafter. Radiochemical purity and radiochemical yield relied on various parameters such as concentration of carrier and reducing agent and reaction conditions (pH, reaction time, temperature). Means of the labelling yield were 22 % for the preparation using 150 μg of carrier (5 preparations), 80 % for the preparation using 15 μpg of carrier (10 preparations) and 91 % for the carrier free products (5 preparations). Radiochemical purity was >96 % in all experiments. Colloid was formed in very low amounts, and was completely removed by sterile filtration. In clinical studies quantitative analysis

  4. Measurement and Estimation of the 99Mo Production Yield by 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Minato, Futoshi; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Sato, Nozomi; Watanabe, Satoshi; Saeki, Hideya; Kawabata, Masako; Hashimoto, Shintaro; Nagai, Yasuki

    2017-11-01

    We, for the first time, measured the yield of 99Mo, the mother nuclide of 99mTc used in nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures, produced by the 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo reaction with accelerator neutrons. The neutrons with a continuous energy spectrum from the thermal energy up to about 40 MeV were provided by the C(d,n) reaction with 40 MeV deuteron beams. It was proved that the 99Mo yield agrees with that estimated by using the latest data on neutrons from the C(d,n) reaction and the evaluated cross section of the 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo reaction given in the Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library. On the basis of the agreement, a systematic calculation was carried out to search for an optimum condition that enables us to produce as much 99Mo as possible with a good 99Mo/100Mo value from an economical point of view. The calculated 99Mo yield from a 150 g 100MoO3 sample indicated that about 30% of the demand for 99Mo in Japan can be met with a single accelerator capable of 40 MeV, 2 mA deuteron beams. Here, by referring to an existing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) distribution system we assumed that 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals formed after separating 99mTc from 99Mo can be delivered to hospitals from a radiopharmaceutical company within 6 h. The elution of 99mTc from 99Mo twice a day would meet about 50% of the demand for 99Mo.

  5. Scintigraphies after renal transplant: study of transplant function and of sup(99m)Tc labelled lymphocytes transit

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guey, A; Touraine, J L; Collard, M; Traeger, J [Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Hopital Edouard-Herriot, 69 - Lyon (France)

    1977-01-01

    In a first series of scintigraphic investigations in patients with a renal transplant, 'conventional' tracers, were used (sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate and sodium iodohippurate iodine-131) and they gave insight on alteration of the function of the transplanted kidney. Precisions on scintigraphic criteria of diagnosis of vascular complications and urinary fistulae were obtained but no clear cut discrimination between ischemic acute tubular necrosis and early rejection was apparent. Despite the use of a data acquisition and processing system (SCINTI-16) and despite improved functional characterization of the transplant, such methods do not appear to provide definite criteria for an early diagnosis of acute rejection. A different approach, using lymphocytes as a vector, was investigated. A method for lymphocyte labelling with sup(99m)Tc was developed. Labelled autologous lymphocytes were injected to normal volunteers and to patients, then the body distribution was determined and followed over a period of 24 hours. The activity was more precisely quantified at the site of the transplant, repeatedly for 24 hours following injection, and the resulting curves were altered in phases of preclinical rejection. The lymphocyte transit in the kidney would be slower during acute rejection crises of the transplanted kidney and this might be responsible for the different aspect of the curve, especially at 3 to 5 hours. This working hypothesis, will be analysed and documented, using more precise quantifications (close selection of the studied area), evaluating the intrarenal transit of each lymphocyte subpopulation and accurately measuring isotope release. It will then perhaps be possible to define very precise and precocious criteria of rejection.

  6. Comparisons of 131I, 201Tl and 99mTc activity measurements in activimeters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oropesa Verdecia, Pilar; Hernandez Rivero, Aerulio T.; Serra Aguila, Rolando A.; Martinez Herrera, Ernesto; Varela Corona, Consuelo

    2003-01-01

    The correct administration to a patient of the a priori established activity of the radiopharmaceutical is an important factor to ensure the confidence in the diagnosis or the therapy efficiency, keeping at the same time the human exposure as low as possible. National comparisons for the 131I, 201Tl and 99mTc activity measurements in activimeters have been organized for the first time with the aim of obtaining information about the quality of the administration of radiopharmaceuticals. In the comparison run participated ten Cuban Nuclear Medicine Departments and the laboratories involved in the production of that kind of compounds. The comparison results, shown in this paper, have facilitated the identification of the problems and to initiate preventive actions. Furthermore, these results reflect the need of establishing Quality Systems in Nuclear Medicine in Cuba

  7. The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the induction of DNA strand breaks in plasmid DNA and colony formation of PC Cl3 mammalian cells by alpha-, beta-, and Auger electron emitters (223)Ra, (188)Re, and (99m)Tc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Runge, Roswitha; Oehme, Liane; Kotzerke, Jörg; Freudenberg, Robert

    2016-12-01

    DNA damage occurs as a consequence of both direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation. The severity of DNA damage depends on the physical characteristics of the radiation quality, e.g., the linear energy transfer (LET). There are still contrary findings regarding direct or indirect interactions of high-LET emitters with DNA. Our aim is to determine DNA damage and the effect on cellular survival induced by (223)Ra compared to (188)Re and (99m)Tc modulated by the radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Radioactive solutions of (223)Ra, (188)Re, or (99m)Tc were added to either plasmid DNA or to PC Cl3 cells in the absence or presence of DMSO. Following irradiation, single strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks (DSB) in plasmid DNA were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. To determine the radiosensitivity of the rat thyroid cell line (PC Cl3), survival curves were performed using the colony formation assay. Exposure to 120 Gy of (223)Ra, (188)Re, or (99m)Tc leads to maximal yields of SSB (80 %) in plasmid DNA. Irradiation with 540 Gy (223)Ra and 500 Gy (188)Re or (99m)Tc induced 40, 28, and 64 % linear plasmid conformations, respectively. DMSO prevented the SSB and DSB in a similar way for all radionuclides. However, with the α-emitter (223)Ra, a low level of DSB could not be prevented by DMSO. Irradiation of PC Cl3 cells with (223)Ra, (188)Re, and (99m)Tc pre-incubated with DMSO revealed enhanced survival fractions (SF) in comparison to treatment without DMSO. Protection factors (PF) were calculated using the fitted survival curves. These factors are 1.23 ± 0.04, 1.20 ± 0.19, and 1.34 ± 0.05 for (223)Ra, (188)Re, and (99m)Tc, respectively. For (223)Ra, as well as for (188)Re and (99m)Tc, dose-dependent radiation effects were found applicable for plasmid DNA and PC Cl3 cells. The radioprotection by DMSO was in the same range for high- and low-LET emitter. Overall, the results indicate the contribution of mainly indirect radiation

  8. Blood cell labeling with technetium-99m. II. Measurement of circulating blood volume by sup(99m)Tc-labeled red blood cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uchida, T; Yoshida, H; Matsuda, S; Kimura, H; Miura, N [Fukushima Medical Coll. (Japan)

    1978-02-01

    Using a labeling method with sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate to red blood cells (RBC), circulating blood volume was measured in comparison with that from /sup 51/Cr-labeled RBC method. The technique is easier than already published methods, because CIS kit for sup(99m)Tc-RBC labeling (TCK-11) became to be available recently. Two mls of ACD-anticoagulated blood were withdrawn and 0.5 ml of reducing reagent prepared just before use was added to blood, waiting 5 minutes and discarding the serum after centrifugation, then adding 100 ..mu..Ci of sup(99m)Tc. After washing the labeled cells by isotonic saline, cells were re-suspended in 10 ml of saline and injected to the subject. Blood specimen was obtained 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after infusion and blood volume was calculated by the usual way. Circulating blood volume by sup(99m)Tc was well correlated with that by /sup 51/Cr (=0.98, p 0.01), however, the value calculated from sup(99m)Tc were 4.8 percent higher than those by /sup 51/Cr, which suggested the elution of sup(99m)Tc from labeled RBC. sup(99m)Tc method has the advantages that higher radioactivity can be obtained in small amount of blood, which is useful in the determination of blood volume in children or in small animals in the laboratory. The measurement of blood volume of the mouse was done by using sup(99m)Tc method. The results were 1.70 +- 0.06 ml (6.35 +- 0.18%/gm), which coincided with the values reported previously. Because of it's short half life and low radiation dosage to the patients, sup(99m)Tc method will be recommended in the field of pediatrics or in patients with polycythemia or congestive heart failure, who are requested the repeated measurement of blood volume.

  9. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of a novel ''3+1'' mixed ligand {sup 99m}Tc complex having an aliphatic thiol as coligand

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rey, A. E-mail: arey@bilbo.edu.uy; Papadopoulos, M.; Leon, E.; Mallo, L.; Pirmettis, Y.; Manta, E.; Raptopoulou, C.; Chiotellis, E.; Leon, A

    2001-03-01

    A novel ''3+1'' mixed ligand {sup 99m}Tc complex with N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N'N'-diethyl-ethilenediamine as ligand and 1-octanethiol as coligand was prepared and evaluated as potential brain radiopharmaceutical. Preparation at tracer level was accomplished by substitution, using {sup 99m}Tc-glucoheptonate as precursor and a coligand/ligand ratio of 5. Under these conditions the labeling yield was over 80% and a major product with radiochemical purity >80% was isolated by HPLC methods and used for biological evaluation. Chemical characterization at carrier level was developed using the corresponding rhenium and {sup 99g}Tc complexes. Results were consistent with the expected ''3+1'' structure and X-ray diffraction study demonstrated that the complex adopted a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. All sulphur atoms underwent ionization leading to the formation of a neutral compound. Biodistribution in mice demonstrated early brain uptake, fast blood clearance and excretion through hepatobiliary system. Although brain/blood ratio increased significantly with time, this novel {sup 99m}Tc complex did not exhibit ideal properties as brain perfusion radiopharmaceutical since brain uptake was too low.

  10. Labeling of unnatural amino acids with sup(99m)Tc and tissue distribution of the labeled products in mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tamemasa, Osamu; Goto, Rensuke; Takeda, Atsushi

    1981-01-01

    The selective affinity of amino acids for pancreas, due to its high rate of protein synthesis, has prompted us to synthesize new radio-labeled amino acids for pancreatic imaging. Labeling of 19 unnatural amino acids with sup(99m)Tc was tried in the usual way, and 10 labeled products were obtained with low yields. The highest distribution of radioactivity from all these labeled amino acids, which had been injected intravenously into mice, was found in the kidney, whereas little activity was found in the pancreas. Their low distributions in stomach suggest little dissociation of the labeled amino acids into sup(99m)TcO 4 - in mice. It is presumed that these labeled amino acids behave unlike their original amino acids in the body. (author)

  11. Use of [sup 99m]Tc mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) for detection of renal lesions after ESWL. A prospective study with 117 patients. [sup 99m]Technetium-Mercaptoacetyltriglycin (MAG3) zum Nachweis von Nierenveraenderungen nach extrakorporealer Stosswellenlithotripsie. Eine prospektive Untersuchung bei 117 Patienten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schaub, T. (Klinik mit Poliklinik fuer Radiologie, Universitaetsklinik Mainz (Germany)); Witsch, U.; El-Damanhoury, H. (Klinik mit Poliklinik fuer Urologie, Universitaetsklinik Mainz (Germany)); Naegele-Woehrle, B.; Hahn, K. (Klinik mit Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin, Universitaetsklinik Mainz (Germany))

    1992-10-01

    Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has become the treatment of choice for urinary calculi. 117 patients were studied prospectively with [sup 99m]Tc Mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) before and after ESWL. 79 (66%) of the 119 kidneys treated had abnormal findings. Of these 63/119 (53%) had abnormal scans. 41 (65%) had focal lesions with a delayed intrarenal transport. The remaining 22 had a diffuse delay of intrarenal transport. A loss of relative renal function of 3% and more compared to the pretreatment values was observed in 50/119 (42%) patients. [sup 99m]Tc MAG3 should be done routinely together with radiologic tests (CT or MRI) before and after ESWL to select the patients at risk for post ESWL hypertension. (orig.).

  12. Hot spot(s) of the lung in technetium-99m albumin colloid liver-spleen scintigraphy: case report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shih, W.J.; Brandenburg, S.; Coupal, J.J.; Sullivan, J.D.; Beeler, J.A.; Magoun, S.; Ryo, U.Y.

    1988-01-01

    The authors replaced /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid for /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid as a radiopharmaceutical for liver-spleen imaging and found two instances of hot spot(s) in the lung. The preparation procedure of albumin colloid is easier and more convenient as compared to that of sulfur colloid. Whereas replacement of /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid by /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid is inevitable, it should be emphasized that one should avoid blood withdrawal in the syringe containing albumin colloid to prevent formation of clot(s) during the venous puncture for /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid

  13. Molybdenum-99/technetium-99M generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morcos, N.A.; Bruno, G.A.; Haney, T.A.

    1981-01-01

    A 99 Mo/sup(99m)Tc generator is described which has an alumina support medium consisting of multiple beds of controlled pH and in which no bed has a pH value higher than the bed preceding it. It is claimed that by using this method low yield problems of such generators can be mitigated. (U.K.)

  14. Clinical Comparison of 99mTc Exametazime and 123I Ioflupane SPECT in Patients with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

    OpenAIRE

    Newberg, Andrew B.; Serruya, Mijail; Gepty, Andrew; Intenzo, Charles; Lewis, Todd; Amen, Daniel; Russell, David S.; Wintering, Nancy

    2014-01-01

    BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the clinical interpretations of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using a cerebral blood flow and a dopamine transporter tracer in patients with chronic mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal was to determine how these two different scan might be used and compared to each other in this patient population. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Twenty-five patients with persistent symptoms after a mild TBI underwent SPECT with both (99m)Tc exametazime to m...

  15. Radionuclides used in nuclear medicine ({sup 131}I, {sup 99m}Tc e {sup 99}Tc) in sewage system and in the marine environment of Rio de Janeiro city, RJ, Brazil; Radionuclideos usados em medicina nuclear ({sup 131}I, {sup 99m}Tc e {sup 99}Tc) no sistema de esgoto e no ambiente marinho da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sousa, Daniele Santos de

    2014-08-01

    The nuclear medicine is a specialty that uses radioisotopes for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. In Brazil there are around 340 Nuclear Medicine Services (NMS), 27 of them, are located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The most widely used radionuclides in the country are {sup 131}I and {sup 99m}Tc. The radionuclide {sup 99m}Tc decays to {sup 99}Tc, which is a beta emitter with a long half-life (10{sup 5} years). The aim of this study is to perform a survey to estimate the {sup 131}I and {sup 99}Tc discharged levels at the Canal do Cunha, the main pathways for environmental dispersion and evaluate the radiological impact to non-human biota and to the populations exposed to these radionuclides. The Alegria Station receives sewage from most clinics of Rio de Janeiro mid was therefore chosen as a study case. The station receives approximately 4.50 x 10{sup 5} Bq/year of {sup 99}Tc e 7.12 x 10{sup 12} Bq/year of {sup 131}I. After passing through all stages of treatment, the effluent is discharged into the Canal do Cunha and flows into the Guanabara Bay. To assess the radiological impact of these radionuclide discharges, a comparative study was made considering three computational models: the CROM, which is based on a model of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the PC-CREAM, widely used by the European Union and the GENII, which is the most widely used model in the United States. Two exposure scenarios were considered: 1 - people that bathe directly in the discharge of the effluent; 2 - community living 1200 meters from the discharge point, bathing in the river and consuming local fish. Concentration and doses values for the scenarios according to the applicability of each computer code were estimated. The dose values at the discharge point were 7.47 x 10{sup -6}mSv for {sup 131}I and 2.87 x 10{sup -14} mSv for {sup 99}Tc, while for scenario II the value of the total dose was approximately 10{sup -1} mSv/year for {sup 131}I and 10{sup -10} mSv/year for {sup

  16. Bone scanning with /sup 99m/Tc phosphate to assess condylar hyperplasia. Report of two cases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matteson, S.R.; Proffit, W.R.; Terry, B.C.; Staab, E.V.; Burkes, E.J. Jr.

    1985-01-01

    Condylar hyperplasia poses a problem in planning treatment because it is a self-limiting process for some but not all patients. Continued growth creates a progressive deformity that requires condylectomy, whereas an enlarged condyle can be left in place after hyperplastic growth ceases, even if ramus surgery is needed to correct asymmetry. Bone scan with /sup 99m/Tc phosphate can be used to assist in making the differential diagnosis. In the two patients reported here, abnormal metabolic activity revealed by bone scans supported clinical and historical evidence that the condylar hyperplasia was active and required surgical correction, including condylectomy. The two cases demonstrate different approaches to postsurgical orthodontic treatment, depending on the amount of normal growth expected

  17. Radiopharmaceuticals to 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leon Cabana, Alba

    1994-01-01

    Studies about 99m Tc had demonstrated that have favorable properties for support diagnostic proceedings in nuclear medicine. This physical and chemical properties used for obtain another radiopharmaceuticals have been employed through re actives kits labelled with Tc 99m . A brief description was given about 99m utilities in diagnostic techniques such as endothelium reticular system,renal and hepatic studies,bone scintillators,cardiac diagnostic and cerebral perfusion

  18. Brain Tumour Scintigraphy with {sup 99m}Tc-Pertechnetate, {sup 99m}Tc-Fe(II) Complex and {sup 131}I-Labelled Macroaggregated Albumin - Comparison of Results; La Scintigraphie des Tumeurs Cerebrales a l'Aide de Pertechnetate Marque au {sup 99m}Tc, de Complexe {sup 99m}Tc-Fe-II et de Macroagregats d'Albumine Marques au {sup 131}I. Comparaison des Resultats

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haas, J. P.; Dietz, H.; Schmidt, K. J.; Doerr, F.; Brod, K. H.; Wolf, R. [Institut de Radiologie Clinique et Clinique de Neurochirurgie, Universite de Mayence, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1969-05-15

    {sup 99m}Tc, in the form of pertechnetate, has now gained its place in brain scintigraphy. The present authors and many others have found its diagnostic value equal to that of substances labelled with mercury or iodine. Using {sup 99m}Tc-pertechnetate as the basis of their work, the authors attempted to extend isotopic diagnosis by two methods, namely: intra-arterial introduction of macroaggregated albumin; and intravenous injection of a new substance, the {sup 99m}Tc-Fe(II) complex. Following their publication in 1966 of the results obtained with the first method, the authors now present an account of their experiments carried out on over 100 patients with brain tumours. Compared with scintigraphy involving intravenous injection of {sup 99m}Tc-pertechnetate, this new method gives supplementary information which is often of considerable help in clinical neuroradiological diagnosis of these patients. The findings in a majority of cases were confirmed by operation or by autopsy. The method made it possible for the first time to use scintigraphy to visualize the arterial network of the brain. In view of the ease with which brain scintigraphy can be performed after intravenous injection, and also of our experience with the {sup 99m}Tc-Fe(II) complex in kidney scintigraphy and the evidence of a brief report in the United States literature, the authors decided to try out this substance in the detection of brain tumours. Their first results showed it to be incontestably superior to all others previously applied intravenously. It has the indubitable advantages of {sup 99m}Tc as regards the irradiation dose to the patient and gives an exceptionally precise delineation of the invasive cerebral processes due to a rapid fall in blood concentration. A combination of these two new scintigraphic methods would thus seem to open up new possibilities and greatly enhance the field of application of radioisotopes in the clinical study of brain diseases. The paper contains material

  19. Radio localization of inflammatory bowel diseases using 99mtc-colloidal bismuth subcitrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pimentel, G.; Miranda, M.; Sanchez, I.; Oliva, J.; Velasco, M.; Paniagua, M.; Pinol, F.; Riano, A.; Paneque, A.; Castillo, J.; Leyvad, R.

    2006-01-01

    A correct diagnosis and adequate assessment of disease activity is crucial in the management and surveillance of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, in certain occasions the obtained results by means of traditional techniques are not correlated specifically with the inflammatory state of the mucosal wall, mainly in case of the small bowel, due to its no accessibility. This investigation constituted a multi centric clinical trial phase I-II. Forty-four patients were prospectively evaluated with the objective of determining the validity of the scintigraphy with 99mTc-Sn-CBS for the diagnosis of illnesses with ulcerations of the intestinal tube. Of the evaluated patients, 20 presented Cohns Disease (in 1 of them the scintigraphy was not useful), Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis, 3 gastric ulcer and 20 patients were seemingly healthy, conforming these last ones the group control. Five hundred mgs of CBS were labelled with 370 MBq (10 mCi) of 99mTc and administered by oral via as unique dose. The diagnostic test had duration of three days for each patient: first day for the patient's preparation with soft diet and 20% mannitol and two days for the image registrations. The images were carried out at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours post administered the product. All procedures were performed by experienced examiners, who were blinded to the clinical data and other results. It was determined the sensibility and specificity of this technique taking like reference test, the colonoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy, intestinal transit and/or biopsy, achieving a sensibility of 91,3% and a specificity of 90%. During the whole study an adverse event appeared, which had not very probable causation according to the scale of Karch and Lasagna. It can be concluded that the diagnostic criteria established in this study can be useful for the evaluation of inflammatory bowel diseases by scintigraphy with 99mTc-Sn-CBS. (Author)

  20. Chemical and technological investigations to establish the production of 99Mo/sup(99m)Tc-Generators from uranium fission in Egypt

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Munze, R.; El-Bayoumy, S.; Mosaad, K.; Hallaba, E.

    1980-01-01

    Different possibilities to meet the current estimated demand of sup(99m)Tc for medical uses in the Arab Republic of Egypt have been investigated using irradiation and separation experiments and theoretical calculations. The investigation includes the evaluation of the real present irradiation capability of the Egyptian Research Reactor as well as pilot runs suitable technological schemes for target design and chemical processing of irradiated uranium targets. The suitability of the produced 99 Mo for the preparation of 99 Mo/sup(99m)Tc-generators has been confirmed. Separation yield (80%) as well as the radiochemical and radionuclidic purity of the sup(99m)Tc (TcO 4 98%, sup(99m)Tc 99,9%) corresponds to comparable results for similar processes cited in recent literature. The necessary requirements, related to the irradiation capability of the reactor and the demands of the radiochemical facilities, have been derived. The present work is the fruit of three months cooperation between the Agency expert and the Egyptian Counterpart

  1. Some problems concerning /sup 99m/Tc-sulfur colloid stability in vivo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Komarek, P.; Sup, I.; Krivsky, Z.

    1986-01-01

    On repeated examination of 60 patients with suspected transplanted kidney rejection using /sup 99m/Tc-sulfur colloid administration the urinary bladder appears on the scintigram in ten cases though no free pertechnetate-/sup 99m/Tc had been chromatographically determined before the administration. Therefore other causes of urine bladder visualization were considered. The fate of the radiocolloid in the body after its administration was studied by measuring the radioactivity of blood and plasma or by chromatographic analysis. A sixfold increase in /sup 99m/Tc activity in comparison with that determined chromatographically in the form of free pertechnetate-/sup 99m/Tc was found in the patients blood 45 min after administration. In normal animal experiments, /sup 99m/Tc was found in the rat blood and urine in the form of pertechnetate. (author)

  2. Thyrotoxic Graves' disease with normal thyroidal technetium-99m pertechnetate uptake

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ikekubo, Katsuji; Hino, Megumu; Ito, Hidetomi; Koh, Toshikiyo; Ishihara, Takashi; Kurahachi, Hiroyuki (Kobe City General Hospital (Japan)); Kasagi, Kanji; Hidaka, Akinari; Mori, Toru

    1990-07-01

    We saw 24 thyrotoxic Graves' patients with normal thyroidal uptake of technetium-99m pertechnetate ({sup 99m}Tc) out of 201 untreated thyrotoxic Graves' patients seen over 4 years. The clinical and laboratory findings for these patients were studied and analyzed. Thyroid uptake and scintigraphic examinations by means of {sup 99m}Tc, TBII and TSab activity measurement clearly distinguished these patients from other thyrotoxic disorders (destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis and autonomously functioning thyroid lesions). Different from other disorders, these patients had not lower but normal thyroid uptake and also showed diffuse and discrete trapping into the enlarged glands. These patients had significantly smaller goiters, a lower serum thyroid hormone level, and lower TBII and TSab activity, when compared with other high {sup 99m}Tc uptake groups with Graves' disease, and their condition could be easily controlled with small amounts of antithyroid drugs. Our study indicates that thyrotoxic Graves' disease with normal {sup 99m}Tc uptake exists and {sup 99m}Tc uptake study and TBII activity measurement is very useful for the diagnosis. The normal {sup 99m}Tc uptake thyrotoxic Graves' patient might be early stage patients with general Graves' disease and their early discrimination from general Graves' patients is very advantageous for treatment and prognosis. (author).

  3. Anti-CD20 Immunoglobulin G Radiolabeling with a 99mTc-Tricarbonyl Core: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hélène Carpenet

    Full Text Available In recent years, the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of radioisotopes have shown significant progress. Immunoglobulin (Ig appears to be a promising tracer, particularly due to its ability to target selected antigens. The main objective of this study is to optimize and assess an Ig radiolabeling method with Technetium 99m (99mTc, an attractive radioelement used widely for diagnostic imaging. Monoclonal anti-CD20 IgG was retained to study in vitro and in vivo radiolabeling impact. After IgG derivatization with 2-iminothiolane, IgG-SH was radiolabeled by an indirect method, using a 99mTc-tricarbonyl core. Radiolabeling stability was evaluated over 24h by thin-layer chromatography. IgG integrity was checked by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with Western blot and autoradiography. The radiolabeled Ig's immunoaffinity was assessed in vitro by a radioimmunoassay method and binding experiments with cells (EL4-hCD20 and EL4-WT. Biodistribution studies were performed in normal BALB/c mice. Tumor uptake was assessed in mice bearing EL4-hCD20 and EL4-WT subcutaneous xenografts. With optimized method, high radiolabeling yields were obtained (95.9 ± 3.5%. 99mTc-IgG-SH was stable in phosphate-buffered saline (4°C and 25°C and in serum (37°C, even if important sensitivity to transchelation was observed. IgG was not degraded by derivatization and radiolabeling, as shown by Western blot and autoradiography results. 99mTc-anti-CD20 IgG-SH immunoaffinity was estimated with Kd = 35 nM by both methods. In vivo biodistribution studies for 48h showed significant accumulation of radioactivity in plasma, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Planar scintigraphy of mice bearing tumors showed a significant uptake of 99mTc-anti-CD20 IgG-SH in CD20+ tumor versus CD20- tumor. Radiolabeling of derivatized IgG with 99mTc-tricarbonyl was effective, stable and required few antibody amounts. This attractive radiolabeling method is "antibody safe

  4. Preparation of 99''m technitium labelled erythrocytes coated with anti-rhesus-D immunoglobulin (anti-Rho-D IgG) for defective spleen diagnosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nanny Kartini, H.; Karnama, S.; Ahmad Muhtadi; Karna Awangga

    1999-01-01

    Preparation of 99m technetium-red blood cells coated with anti-rhesus-D IgG has been carried out and evaluated. Some factors such as the concentration of Sn(II) and incubation time which can influence the labelling yield are discussed. A labelling efficiency of greater than 90% (93.1 ±1.4% ) was obtained. Biological studies in normal human volunteers, showed that 99m Tc-red blood cell coated with anti-rhesus-D IgG accumulated in the spleen and may become a spleen imaging agent. (author)

  5. Guava extract (Psidium guajava) alters the labelling of blood constituents with technetium-99m*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abreu, P.R.C.; Almeida, M.C.; Bernardo, R.M.; Bernardo, L.C.; Brito, L.C.; Garcia, E.A.C.; Fonseca, A.S.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

    2006-01-01

    Psidium guajava (guava) leaf is a phytotherapic used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances and is used as anti-inflammatory medicine. In nuclear medicine, blood constituents (BC) are labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) and used to image procedures. However, data have demonstrated that synthetic or natural drugs could modify the labelling of BC with 99mTc. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of guava leaves on the labelling of BC with 99mTc. Blood samples of Wistar rats were incubated with different concentrations of guava extract and labelled with 99mTc after the percentage of incorporated radioactivity (%ATI) in BC was determined. The results suggest that aqueous guava extract could present antioxidant action and/or alters the membrane structures involved in ion transport into cells, thus decreasing the radiolabelling of BC with 99mTc. The data showed significant (Pguava extract. PMID:16691636

  6. Human monoclonal antibody 99mTc-88BV59: detection of colorectal cancer, recurrent or metastatic disease and immunogenicity assessment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krause, B J; Baum, R P; Staib-Sebler, E; Lorenz, M; Niesen, A; Hör, G

    1997-01-01

    This study presents immunoscintigraphic results in 24 patients suffering from primary colorectal cancer, recurrent or metastatic disease after the injection of 1197-1351 MBq technetium-99m labelled totally human monoclonal antibody 88BV59. Labelling efficacy of 99mTc-88BV59 ranged from 97% to 99%. Immunoscintigraphy was performed 18-20 h after injection. Scintigraphic findings were compared with those of computed tomography (CT). Patients underwent surgery in order to evaluate immunoscintigraphic findings histologically. Sera of the patients (before injection and 1 and 3 months post infusion) were analysed for the presence of human anti-human antibodies (HAHA). None of the patients showed a HAHA response as assessed by a solid-phase ELISA assay. The antibody scan detected about 25% more lesions than CT. In the detection of extrahepatic disease, the sensitivity of the antibody scan proved to be 68%, whereas the sensitivity of CT was 41%.

  7. Advantages and limits of sup(99m)Tc pyrophosphate scintigraphy in the study of joint diseases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Caillard, J.-F.

    1975-01-01

    The results of sup(99m)Tc pyrophosphate bone scintigraphy are studied for a wide range of joint diseases. 215 scintigraphs are analysed, the results compared with those of authors who have used not only Tc phosphates but also other isotopes after comparison of their advantages and disadvantages, and possible applications suggested for each type of lesion. - The 99m Tc pyrophosphate scintigraphic examination is simple, harmless (a whole-skeleton examination delivers only 80 millirads to the narrow whereas a set of spine and pelvis X-rays delivers 325), reliable and highly sensitive, often anticipating data from radiographic examinations. - In the majority of developing joint diseases of whatever kind, apart from arthroses and certain osteolytic lesions unaccompanied by any healing reaction, a hyperfixation is observed. Generally speaking a scintigraph may be requested whenerver an evolutive bone lesion is suspected in the absence of clinical, radiological and biological evidence. The major disadvantage of the method is that, being highly sensitive, it lacks specificity and is hence unable alone to provide an etiological diagnosis [fr

  8. Development of (99m)Tc-Labeled Pyridyl Benzofuran Derivatives To Detect Pancreatic Amylin in Islet Amyloid Model Mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoshimura, Masashi; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Saji, Hideo

    2016-06-15

    While islet amyloid deposition comprising amylin is one of pathological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), no useful amylin-imaging probe has been reported. In this study, we evaluated two (99m)Tc-labeled pyridyl benzofuran derivatives as novel amylin-imaging probes using the newly established islet amyloid model mouse. Binding experiments in vitro demonstrated that [(99m)Tc]1 displayed a higher affinity for amylin aggregates than [(99m)Tc]2. Autoradiographic studies using human pancreas sections with T2DM revealed that [(99m)Tc]1 clearly labeled islet amyloid in T2DM pancreatic sections, while [(99m)Tc]2 did not. Although the initial uptake of [(99m)Tc]1 by the normal mouse pancreas was low (0.74%ID/g at 2 min post-injection), [(99m)Tc]1 showed higher retention in the model mouse pancreas than that of the normal mouse, and exhibited strong binding to amylin aggregates in the living pancreas of the model mice. These results suggest that [(99m)Tc]1 is a potential imaging probe targeting islet amyloids in the T2DM pancreas.

  9. Labeling of creatinine with technetium-99m

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yurt Lambrecht, F. [Ege Univ., Bornova, Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Nuclear Applications, Inst. of Nuclear Sciences; Durkan, K. [Dokuz Eylul Univ., Buca, Izmir (Turkey). Chemistry Technicianship Program, Izmir Vocational School; Soylu, A. [Dokuz Eylul Univ., Narlidere, Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty

    2004-07-01

    Creatinine is a clinically important index of renal glomerular filtration rate. Urine creatinine levels can be used as a screening test to evaluate kidney function or can be part of the creatinine clearance test. In case of kidney dysfunction or muscle disorders the creatinine concentration in serum/plasma may rise to a higher value than in healthy body. Technetium- 99m has been used in nuclear medicine and in biomedical research to label molecular and cellular structures employed as radiotracers. {sup 99m}Tc is utilized to label molecules and cells, used as radiopharmaceuticals, and also to label biological species. It presents many desirable characteristics. SnCl{sub 2} method is frequently used as a reducing agent in the {sup 99m}Tc- labeling process. Creatinine metabolism might be investigated by using labeled {sup 99m}Tc- creatinine in healthy or uremic rats. (orig.)

  10. Dual-Labeled Near-Infrared/99mTc Imaging Probes Using PAMAM-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for the Imaging of HER2-Expressing Cancer Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Haruka Yamaguchi

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available We sought to develop dual-modality imaging probes using functionalized silica nanoparticles to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and achieve efficient target imaging of HER2-expressing tumors. Polyamidoamine-based functionalized silica nanoparticles (PCSNs for multimodal imaging were synthesized with near-infrared (NIR fluorescence (indocyanine green (ICG and technetium-99m (99mTc radioactivity. Anti-HER2 antibodies were bound to the labeled PCSNs. These dual-imaging probes were tested to image HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells. In vivo imaging was also examined in breast tumor xenograft models in mice. SK-BR3 (HER2 positive cells were imaged with stronger NIR fluorescent signals than that in MDA-MB231 (HER2 negative cells. The increased radioactivity of the SK-BR3 cells was also confirmed by phosphor imaging. NIR images showed strong fluorescent signals in the SK-BR3 tumor model compared to muscle tissues and the MDA-MB231 tumor model. Automatic well counting results showed increased radioactivity in the SK-BR3 xenograft tumors. We developed functionalized silica nanoparticles loaded with 99mTc and ICG for the targeting and imaging of HER2-expressing cells. The dual-imaging probes efficiently imaged HER2-overexpressing cells. Although further studies are needed to produce efficient isotope labeling, the results suggest that the multifunctional silica nanoparticles are a promising vehicle for imaging specific components of the cell membrane in a dual-modality manner.

  11. Characterization of sup(99m)Tc/sup(99)Tc-hydroxycarboxylic acid chelates by high voltage electrophoresis without supporting material

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoffmann, I.; Muenze, R.; Dreyer, I.; Dreyer, R.

    1982-01-01

    Ion mobilities of different sup(99m)Tc- and 99 Tc chelates prepared by reduction of pertechnetate by Sn(II) in the presence of citric, malic, tartaric, gluconic, and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid as ligands have been measured by means of electrophoresis without supporting material. All the chelates investigated proved to be anions in the pH range of 2-7. Both the Tc(V)- and Tc(IV) compounds with the same ligand including the sup(99m)Tc preparation show identical ion mobilities and dissociation characteristics. (author)

  12. Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of a New 99mTc Labeled Substance P Analogue as a Potential Tumor Imaging Agent

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mozaffari, Saeed; Erfani, Mostafa; Beiki, Davood; Johari Daha, Fariba; Kobarfard, Farzad; Balalaie, Saeed; Fallahi, Babak

    2015-01-01

    Neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1R) are overexpressed on several types of important human cancer cells. Substance P (SP) is the most specific endogenous ligand known for NK1Rs. Accordingly,a new SP analogue was synthesized and evaluated for detection of NK1R positive tumors.[6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-Tyr8-Met(O)11-SP] was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc using ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (EDDA)and Tricine as coligands. Common physicochemical properties of radioconjugate were studied and in-vitro cell line biological tests were accomplished to determine the receptor mediated characteristics. In-vivo biodistribution in normal and tumor bearingnude mice was also assessed. The cold peptide was prepared in high purity (>99%) and radiolabeled with 99mTc at high specific activities (84-112GBq/µmol) with an acceptable labeling yield (>95%). The radioconjugate was stable in-vitro in the presence of human serum and showed 44% protein binding to human serumalbumin. In-vitro cell line studies on U373MG cells showed an acceptable uptake up to 4.91 ± 0.22% with the ratio of 60.21 ± 1.19% for its specific fraction and increasing specific internalization during 4 h. Receptor binding assays on U373MG cells indicated a mean Kd of 2.46 ± 0.43 nM and Bmax of 128925 ± 8145 sites/cell. In-vivo investigations determined the specific tumor uptake in 3.36 percent of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) for U373MG cells and noticeable accumulations of activity in the intestines and lung. Predominant renal excretion pathway was demonstrated. Therefore, this new radiolabeled peptide could be a promising radiotracer for detection of NK1R positive primary or secondary tumors. PMID:25561916

  13. The preparation of {sup 99m}Tc from {sup 99}Mo-{sup 99m}Tc using Poly-Zirconium Compound (PZC)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Laohawilai, S [Isotope Production Div., Office of Atomic Energy for Peace (Thailand)

    1998-10-01

    The process of for providing the {sup 99m}Tc-gel generator followed the protocol that received from Department of Radioisotopes, Tokai Research Establishment, JAERI. Sodium molybdate (molybdenum-99), pH 7 with concentration 20 mg/ml and activity nearly 1 mCi/ml was added into the adsorbent (PZC). The total activity of {sup 99}Mo was about 10 mCi and the heating time was varied from 3-18 hours at 70degC. The properties of the gel were studied for elution profile and elution efficiency. The molybdenum breakthrough in sodium pertechnetate (technetium-99m) was also performed. (author)

  14. Dose to the stomach wall from injected /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ford, M.R.; Deus, S.F.; Snyder, W.S.

    1976-01-01

    In estimating the radiation dose to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) it has been assumed generally that the measured activity in the tract, i.e., in the walls, is present in the contents. This assumption has been necessary because absorbed fractions for photons were available only for the source in the contents. During the past year and a half, however, absorbed fractions, or specific absorbed fractions, have been estimated for photon emitters in the walls. In the work presented here new values are applied to estimate dose to the walls of the GIT from administration of /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate. The dose to the stomach wall from photons is found to be less than the dose from nonpenetrating radiation, assuming complete absorption of energy. Thus, a correct estimation of average dose to the wall requires use of absorbed fractions of energy for electrons as well as for photons. The problem is discussed and values of absorbed fractions for electrons are given which are based on a uniform distribution of the activity. However, a final resolution of the problem will require further biological data on the fraction of activity in the wall and the fraction in the contents

  15. Under used technetium-99m generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mushtaq, A.

    2001-01-01

    Health care reform truly has become a global issue and it will undoubtedly have a dramatic impact on the future of nuclear medicine business in particular. A bigger concern within the nuclear medicine community is its competitiveness with other modalities and cost effectiveness.Technetium-99m and its generators are playing key role for the majority of diagnostic scans performed in the world today. Availability of ''9''9''mTc can be increased if it is separated from ''9''9Mo after much shorter growth times. After proper planning with the extra ''9''9''mTc, a significant number of scans can be performed or we would be able to order approximately 30% low activity ''9''9Tc generators to fulfill our requirements

  16. Technetium-99m labelled fluconazole and antimicrobial peptides for imaging of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus infections

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lupetti, Antonella [Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden (Netherlands); Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Univ. di Pisa (Italy); Welling, Mick M. [Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands); Mazzi, Ulderico [Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Padova (Italy); Nibbering, Peter H. [Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden (Netherlands); Pauwels, Ernest K.J. [Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands); Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) (Netherlands)

    2002-05-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate whether technetium-99m labelled fluconazole can distinguish fungal from bacterial infections. Fluconazole was labelled with {sup 99m}Tc and radiochemical analysis showed less than 5% impurities. The labelling solution was injected into animals with experimental infections. For comparison, we used two peptides for infection detection, i.e. UBI 29-41 and hLF 1-11, and human IgG, all labelled with {sup 99m}Tc. Mice were infected with Candida albicans or injected with heat-killed C. albicans or lipopolysaccharides to induce sterile inflammation. Also, mice were infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Next, accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-fluconazole and {sup 99m}Tc-labelled peptides/IgG at affected sites was determined scintigraphically. {sup 99m}Tc-fluconazole detected C. albicans infections (T/NT ratio=3.6{+-}0.47) without visualising bacterial infections (T/NT ratio=1.3{+-}0.04) or sterile inflammatory processes (heat-killed C. albicans: T/NT ratio=1.3{+-}0.2; lipopolysaccharide: T/NT ratio=1.4{+-}0.1). C. albicans infections were already seen within the first hour after injection of {sup 99m}Tc-fluconazole (T/NT ratio=3.1{+-}0.2). A good correlation (R{sup 2}=0.864; P<0.05) between T/NT ratios for this tracer and the number of viable C. albicans was found. Although {sup 99m}Tc-UBI 29-41 and {sup 99m}Tc-hLF 1-11 were able to distinguish C. albicans infections from sterile inflammatory processes in mice, these {sup 99m}Tc-labelled peptides did not distinguish these fungal infections from bacterial infections. It is concluded that {sup 99m}Tc-fluconazole distinguishes infections with C. albicans from bacterial infections and sterile inflammations. (orig.)

  17. Cooperative study with sup(99m)Tc diisopropil-IDA on biliary tract diseases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mitta, A.E.A.; Mollerach, F; Almeida, C.A.

    1982-01-01

    The results of a cooperative study on the investigation of the biliary tract with sup(99m)Tc diisopropyl-IDA are presented. 15 normal volunteers and 75 patients with acute cholecystitis (AC), chronic cholecystitis (CC), hepatocellular jaundice (HCJ), incomplete extrahepatic biliary obstruction (IEBO) and complete extrahepatic biliary obstruction (CEBO) were studied. The biological behaviour of the radiopharmaceutical in the two groups was determined through the measurement of the uptake times and of the times of arrival in the hepatic parenchyma, in the intra and extrahepatic bile ducts, in the gallbladder, in the duodenum and in the kidneys. The pathophysiologic features found in the AC, CC, HCJ, IEBO and CEBO are described. It is concluded that the procedure has a selective indication in the AC, that its value is limited in the CC, and that in jaundice, except in very special situations, the method gives very little information of clinic value. The possibility of performing cooperative scientific studies between Latin-American Departments, increasing their efficiency, is emphasized. (author) [es

  18. 16-Cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl 99mTc 16-oxo-hexadecanoic acid: synthesis and evaluation of fatty acid metabolism in mouse myocardium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Byung Chul; Kim, Dong Hyun; Lee, Iljung; Choe, Yearn Seong; Chi, Dae Yoon; Lee, Kyung-Han; Choi, Yong; Kim, Byung-Tae

    2008-06-26

    We synthesized 16-cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl 99mTc 16-oxo-hexadecanoic acid (99mTc-CpTT-16-oxo-HDA, 1) and investigated its potential as a radiotracer for evaluating fatty acid metabolism in myocardium. Radiotracer 1 was synthesized in 22.6 +/- 6.3% decay-corrected yield by a double ligand transfer reaction between the ferrocene adduct of methyl hexadecanoate ( 2) and Na99mTcO 4 in the presence of Cr(CO)6 and CrCl3, followed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group. Radiotracer 1 was found to be chemically stable (99% at 6 h) when incubated in human serum. A tissue distribution study in mice showed that high radioactivity accumulated in heart (9.03%ID/g at 1 min and 5.41%ID/g at 5 min postinjection) with rapid clearance and that heart to blood uptake ratios increased with time (2.13 at 5 min and 3.76 at 30 min postinjection). Metabolite analysis of the heart tissues using a simple extraction method showed that 99mTc-CpTT-4-oxo-butyric acid was detected as the major radioactive metabolite by HPLC, suggesting that 1 is metabolized to 99mTc-CpTT-4-oxo-butyric acid via beta-oxidation in myocardium.

  19. New insights into the development of technetium-99m labelling kits based on monoclonal antibodies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haase, B. [Hoechst AG, Werk Kalle-Albert, Wiesbaden (Germany)

    1995-09-01

    Two-vial antibody kits for tumour scintigraphy, detection of inflammation and scintigraphy of the bone marrow are freeze-dried preparation ready for labelling with {sup 99m}Tc according to the instructions for use. Experiences about possible influences of antibody structure, in vitro analytical methods (TLC and HPLC), different types of eluate ({sup 99}Tc : {sup 99m}Tc ratios), sampling times, activity range, ratio between protein amount and activity as well as tin(II) amounts on radiochemical purity are described or discussed on an experimental basis. In a special case, {sup 99m}Tc Mab BW 250/183 suffered from an In vitro effect during quality control (only TLC) which gave false increased values for {sup 99m}Tc- pertechnetate. 3 refs., 3 tabs., 1 fig.

  20. Problems in clinical practice of domestic supply of 99Mo/99mTc. Considerations on the domestic production of 99Mo/99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamabayashi, Hisamichi

    2012-01-01

    At present, a bulky import product, 99 Mo supplied in Japan is produced by a nuclear fission method which enables to produce a generator system with no need of commercially preparing 99m Tc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals due to its high specific activity. However its usage of enriched uranium target leads to avoiding the fission method from the option of domestic production. In order to secure the domestic supply of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc, the neutron activation method, aiming to meet about 20% of domestic demand, is under development along with the re-start program of JMTR. Development of various production methods using accelerators are also in progress. In those non-fission methods with reactors or accelerators, rapid and effective procedures for concentration and refinement of 99m Tc solution eluted from 99 Mo of low specific activity are the subjects to be considered for attaining the stable labeling performances. (author)

  1. Simulation of a gamma-camera for activity measurement of {sup 99m}Tc using the Monte Carlo Gate code; Simulação de uma gama-câmara para medidas de atividade de {sup 99m}Tc com o código de Monte Carlo Gate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barrientos, C.P. Castro; Souza-Santos, D. [Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Mação Junior, J.L.; Wunder, R.S.; Knust, I.C., E-mail: car_pcb@aluno.ird.gov.br [Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2017-07-01

    Brazil has a growing demand for nuclear medicine services (NMS), and radiopharmaceuticals supplied by the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) provide approximately two million nuclear medicine (NM) procedures per year. Among these radiopharmaceuticals, one of the most used is {sup 99m}Tc. The manipulation of unsealed radioactive sources presents a risk of incorporation. Workers who handle radiopharmaceuticals in NM procedures should be subject to an internal individual monitoring program to optimize their practices as well as to ensure that dose limits are not exceeded. This program may require measuring the activity of incorporated radionuclides, done in a whole body counter. This measurement may prove impracticable due to the absence of dedicated systems, available to all workers in a country. One solution to this problem would be to perform the measurement of the incorporated activity using the Gamma camera of the NMS in which the occupationally exposed individual (IOE) works. The objective of this work is to simulate with the Monte Carlo method a Gamma camera, with the code Gate, validating the results for the {sup 99m}Tc through measurements performed in an NMS. Measurements of counts were taken around the 140 keV main peak, with and without the collimator, that were correlated with the source activity. The validation shows good agreement between the simulation and the experimental data, with a difference of about 3% for the simulation without the collimator and about 2% for the simulation with the collimator. (author)

  2. Dosimetric evaluation of 99mTc IgG as infection diagnostic agent for HIV positive patients

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Teran, Mariella; Paolino, Andrea; Vilar, Javier; Kapitan, Miguel; Andruskevicius, Patricia; Hermida, Juan C.; Gaudiano, Javier; Perez Sartori, Graciela; Savio Larriera, Eduardo

    2008-01-01

    A wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals are used as diagnostic or therapeutic agents. In this case 99m Tc-IgG was used to determine infection-inflammation processes in HIV patients, who sometimes are difficult to diagnose because of the presence of non specific signs and symptoms. The aim of this work was to estimate the hazard associated with the use of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. In order to establish a proper design of kinetic studies and determine the radiation doses to individual human organs internal dosimetry methods were used. HIV positive patients with suspect of infection focus were administered via iv injection with 740 MBq (20 mCi) of 99m Tc-IgG. Anterior and posterior whole body images were acquired at 4 and 24 hours post injection in a gamma camera Mediso Medical Imaging, 1024 x 512 matrix. Geometric mean was calculated for different regions of interest taking into account decay, scattering and attenuation corrections. Blood and urine samples were collected at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours post injection. They were measured in a dose calibrator Capintec CR 5, corrections for geometry and decay were performed. For each patient, percentage of injected dose was calculated both for biological and image samples. The number of disintegrations was developed for those organs where higher concentration of activity was observed (liver, kidneys and spleen), the organs involved in the excretion (urinary bladder and intestines), red marrow and the reminder of the body. Total doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM software. The code calculations showed that chosen organs as more compromised during the diagnostic procedure received very low effective doses. Correlation studies with calculations performed both for image and biological samples data were done. Despite the risk population under study the dosimetric estimations showed that 99m Tc-IgG is a safe radiopharmaceutical to be used in routine diagnostic procedures without hazardous effects. (author)

  3. Scatter and cross-talk correction for one-day acquisition of 123I-BMIPP and 99mtc-tetrofosmin myocardial SPECT.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaneta, Tomohiro; Kurihara, Hideyuki; Hakamatsuka, Takashi; Ito, Hiroshi; Maruoka, Shin; Fukuda, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Shoki; Yamada, Shogo

    2004-12-01

    123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) and 99mTc-tetrofosmin (TET) are widely used for evaluation of myocardial fatty acid metabolism and perfusion, respectively. ECG-gated TET SPECT is also used for evaluation of myocardial wall motion. These tests are often performed on the same day to minimize both the time required and inconvenience to patients and medical staff. However, as 123I and 99mTc have similar emission energies (159 keV and 140 keV, respectively), it is necessary to consider not only scattered photons, but also primary photons of each radionuclide detected in the wrong window (cross-talk). In this study, we developed and evaluated the effectiveness of a new scatter and cross-talk correction imaging protocol. Fourteen patients with ischemic heart disease or heart failure (8 men and 6 women with a mean age of 69.4 yr, ranging from 45 to 94 yr) were enrolled in this study. In the routine one-day acquisition protocol, BMIPP SPECT was performed in the morning, with TET SPECT performed 4 h later. An additional SPECT was performed just before injection of TET with the energy window for 99mTc. These data correspond to the scatter and cross-talk factor of the next TET SPECT. The correction was performed by subtraction of the scatter and cross-talk factor from TET SPECT. Data are presented as means +/- S.E. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-ranks test, and p corrected total count was 26.0 +/- 5.3%. EDV and ESV after correction were significantly greater than those before correction (p = 0.019 and 0.016, respectively). After correction, EF was smaller than that before correction, but the difference was not significant. Perfusion scores (17 segments per heart) were significantly lower after as compared with those before correction (p correction revealed significant differences in EDV, ESV, and perfusion scores. These observations indicate that scatter and cross-talk correction is required for one

  4. Perfusion scintigraphy of the hand with sup(99m)Tc labelled microspheres - an alternative to angiography in the diagnosis of peripheral perfusion disturbances

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karnahl, H M; Hedde, J P [Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Koeln (Germany, F.R.). Strahleninstitut

    1979-12-01

    sup(99m)Tc labelled microspheres were injected in the A. brachialis in addition to angiography of the hand in 15 patients. The hereby obtained results show good correlation between angiography and scintigraphy. The completely normal perfusion scintigram of the hand allows to dispense with angiography. The pathological scan, however, requires angiography. Perfusion scintigraphy of the hand seems to be most useful in the follow-up of therapeutic effects in perfusion disturbances.

  5. Study of potential utility of new radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Larionova, L.; Skuridin, V.

    2016-08-01

    Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. The radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25 MBq of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 min. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3 ± 0.15 MBq and 1.07 ± 0.6 MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

  6. Experimental study of radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose for tumor diagnosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Bragina, O.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Larionova, L.; Skuridin, V.; Dergilev, A.

    2016-06-01

    Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. Radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B 1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25MBq of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 minutes. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with 99mTc-1-thio-D- glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3±0.15MBq and 1.07±0.6MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio- D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

  7. Diagnostic value of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 scintimammography for differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions: Comparison of visual and semi-quantitative analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Qianqian; Xie, Qian; Zhao, Min; Chen, Bin; Gao, Shi; Zhang, Haishan; Xing, Hua; Ma, Qingjie

    2015-01-01

    To compare the diagnostic value of visual and semi-quantitative analysis of technetium-99m-poly-ethylene glycol, 4-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ((99m)Tc-3PRGD2) scintimammography (SMG) for better differentiation of benign from malignant breast masses, and also investigate the incremental role of semi-quantitative index of SMG. A total of 72 patients with breast lesions were included in the study. Technetium-99m-3PRGD2 SMG was performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPET) at 60 min after intravenous injection of 749 ± 86MBq of the radiotracer. Images were evaluated by visual interpretation and semi-quantitative indices of tumor to non-tumor (T/N) ratios, which were compared with pathology results. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the optimal visual grade, to calculate cut-off values of semi-quantitative indices, and to compare visual and semi-quantitative diagnostic values. Among the 72 patients, 89 lesions were confirmed by histopathology after fine needle aspiration biopsy or surgery, 48 malignant and 41 benign lesions. The mean T/N ratio of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SMG in malignant lesions was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (Pvalue for the detection of primary breast cancer, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 81.3%, 70.7%, and 76.4%, respectively. When a T/N ratio of 2.01 was used as cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 79.2%, 75.6%, and 77.5%, respectively. According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve for semi-quantitative analysis was higher than that for visual analysis, but the statistical difference was not significant (P=0.372). Compared with visual analysis or semi-quantitative analysis alone, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of visual analysis combined with semi-quantitative analysis in diagnosing primary breast cancer were higher, being: 87.5%, 82.9%, and 85.4%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.891. Results of

  8. Human monoclonal antibody {sup 99m}Tc-88BV59: detection of colorectal cancer, recurrent or metastatic disease and immunogenicity assessment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krause, B.J. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Baum, R.P. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Staib-Sebler, E. [Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Lorenz, M. [Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Niesen, A. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt/Main (Germany); Hoer, G. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt/Main (Germany)

    1997-01-01

    This study presents immunoscintigraphic results in 24 patients suffering from primary colorectal cancer, recurrent or metastatic disease after the injection of 1197-1351 MBq technetium-99m labelled totally human monoclonal antibody 88BV59. Labelling efficacy of {sup 99m}Tc-88BV59 ranged from 97% to 99%. Immunoscintigraphy was performed 18-20 h after injection. Scintigraphic findings were compared with those of computed tomography (CT). Patients underwent surgery in order to evaluate immunoscintigraphic findings histologically. Sera of the patients (before injection and 1 and 3 months post infusion) were analysed for the presence of human anti-human antibodies (HAHA). None of the patients showed a HAHA response as assessed by a solid-phase ELISA assay. The antibody scan detected about 25% more lesions than CT. In the detection of extrahepatic disease, the sensitivity of the antibody scan proved to be 68%, whereas the sensitivity of CT was 41%. (orig.). With 3 figs., 1 tab.

  9. Separation of 99Tc from irradiated molybdenum oxide by extraction with trioctilamine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carvalho, O.G. de.

    1979-01-01

    A separation method of sup( 99 m)Tc, from irradiated molybdenum oxide, by extraction with trioctilamino in 1,2 dichloroethane, 2% v/v is studied. Two preliminary studies are done: 1) Stablishment of the shaking time necessary to reach the equilibrium between the organic and the aqueous phase; 2) Choice of the concentration of solution of TOA in 1,2 dichloroethane to obtain the best separation conditions of sup( 99 m)Tc. After stablishing these two parameters, the study of extraction in solutions of hydrochloric nitric and sulfuric acids in different concentrations is done, followed by the study of the variation of extraction percentage of sup( 99 m)Tc in relation to the molybdenum oxide mass and the back-extraction of sup( 99 m)Tc to the aqueous phase with solutions of perchloric acid 1,0 and 0,1 N and ammonium hydroxide 1,0 N. (Author) [pt

  10. Asma y deficiencia de subclases de IgG Asthma and IgG subclases deficiency

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucía Santamaría Ortiz

    1995-04-01

    Full Text Available

    Se estudiaron 45 pacientes asmáticos adultos de difícil manejo, de más de 5 años de evolución, 37 de ellos esteroide dependientes y 8 no dependientes, con asma alérgica o intrínseca y algunos con Infecciones respiratorias recurrentes de predominio viral. Por nefelometría se midieron los niveles séricos de las IgsG, M y A, y por ELISA se determinó la IgE total. Se encontraron 4 pacientes con deficiencia de IgG total, en el grupo de los esteroide dependientes. Mediante ELISA tipo sandwich y con anticuerpos monoclonales específicos para las sub clases de IgG se investigaron los niveles sé ricos de IgG1, 2, 3 y 4. En el 55.6% de los enfermos se encontraron una O más deficiencias de sub clases. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos esteroide y no esteroide dependientes, ni entre los asmáticos alérgicos e intrínsecos, ni entre los con infección recurrente o sin ella. predominó la deficiencia de IgG1; en total el 46.7% de los pacientes tenían deficiencia aislada o combinada de IgG1, el 31.1% de IgG2, el 24.4% de IgG3 y el 17.8% de Igd4. La alta incidencia de deficiencia de sub clases podría deberse a la acción de los esteroides o a una alteración en la regulación de la síntesis de Igs producida por un defecto Inmune primario. Esta deficiencia sería la responsable del comportamiento agresivo de la enfermedad.

    We studied 45 adult asthmatic patients with difficult to care disease and who had more than five years of evolution; they suffered from elther allergic or intrinsic asthma and some had experienced recurrent respiratory tract infections. predominantly of viral etiology. Serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were measured by nephelometry and total lgE was determined by an Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA. Total lg

  11. Analysis of the variation of the activity of a "9"9"mTc sample after dilution with saline solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuahara, L.T.; Correa, E.L.; Potiens, M.P.A.

    2016-01-01

    The activity meter is essential equipment in nuclear medicine services.To ensure its good operation and know the factors which may influence its readings is vital for the activity administered to the patient be correct. Many factors may influence the activity meter accuracy, such as the type of container, geometry, and radioactive material volume. The aim of this study was to analyze the measurements variations in 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml of "9"9"mTc pure and diluted in 2.5 ml of saline solution, in containers used in nuclear medicine. Variations of up to 4 % in measured values were found. (author)

  12. A freeze dried kit formulation for the preparation of 99m Tc labelled human polyclonal IgG for the detection of infection and inflammation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pedraza L, M.

    1996-01-01

    A freeze dried kit formulation for the preparation of 99m Tc-labelled human polyclonal IgG for the detection of infection and inflammation employing direct methods for protein labeling was developed. The method comprises reduction of intrinsic disulphide bridges within the antibody molecule by the use of the reductant 2-mercaptoethanol. Following a subsequent purification, the resulting reduced antibody is labeled via Sn 2+ reduction of pertechnetate in the presence of a weak competing ligand ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP). High labeling efficiencies (>90%) were obtained with high in vitro stability and without effect upon antibody immunoreactivity. Methods of analysis were also established permitting identification of radiochemical impurities which may be present in radiopharmaceutical solution. 99m Tc-polyclonal IgG prepared by the kit method was evaluated for scintigraphic localization of inflammatory lesions and abscesses in rabbits. Data demonstrated that the 99m Tc-polyclonal IgG after kit-reconstitution shows excellent stability and is an effective imaging agent of infection and/or inflammation. (Author)

  13. In vitro cytotoxicity testing of Ubiquicidin 29-41-{sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ocampo, Ivette Z.; Okazaki, Kayo; Dias, Luis Alberto Pereira; Higa, Olga Z.; Silva, Fabiana M. da; Vieira, Daniel P., E-mail: dpvieira@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Passos, Priscila; Esteves-Pedro, Natalia M., E-mail: fabiana@biosintesis.com.br [Laboratorio Biosintesis Ltda, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2015-07-01

    The work carried out cytotoxicity tests using a radiopharmaceutical compound produced at IPEN/CNEN-SP to certify its safety through in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Since 2009, the Brazilian regulatory agency (ANVISA) requires that such tests have to be carried out following good laboratory practices (GLP) and in according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines in order to certify its safety for medical use. Those guidelines comprises series of technical recommendations performed to assure quality of experiments. The study chose Ubiquicidin 29-41, an antimicrobial peptide used to discriminate bacterial infection foci from inflammatory sites. Amounts of UBI{sub 29-41} were conjugated or not to {sup 99m}Tc and diluted to equivalent concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000% of the maximum dose (or activity) administered in adults. Possible cytotoxic effects were evaluated in comparison to untreated controls as well as positive and negative damage controls. Both full (radioactive) radiopharmaceuticals, as their precursors (only molecules without conjugation to isotopes) showed no significant cytotoxic effect (cytotoxicity ≤ 10%). The study was conducted for the first time in the country comprising preclinical testing of this radiopharmaceutical in accordance with internationally accepted quality parameters, ensuring the safety of its use and enabling inclusion in the pharmaceutical regulatory agenda. (author)

  14. Usefulness of L,L-ethylenedicysteine - 99mTc complex (EC-99mTc) for the kidney investigations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Surma, M.J.; Wiewiora, J.; Kapuscinksi, J.; Liniecki, J.

    1992-01-01

    To assess the usefulness of own EC- 99m Tc complex for the kidney function examination, the renoscintigraphy with EC- 99m Tc and clearance determinations were performed. During renoscintigraphy the kidney images were of superb quality, with overlaying organs (liver, spleen) not visualized. Renograms showed typical shapes, their TMAX and T1/2 values being insignificantly different from the obtained with other radiopharmaceuticals, used in renoscintigraphy (MAG 3 , hippuran). Very strict correlations were found between values of EC- 99m Tc and OIH- 131 I clearances (r=0.91) and excretion rate constants (r=0.92) of both radiopharmaceuticals. The correlation enabled formulation of an equation by which ERPF could be established from EC- 99m Tc clearance: ERPF OIH =1.245 x Cl EC +51.52. On the basis of this equation a lower boundary of the normal EC- 99m Tc clearance was established; it amounts to 300 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . (author). 17 refs, 5 figs, 1 tab

  15. Determination of bone blood supply with /sup 99m/Tc red blood cells and /sup 113m/In transferrin in fractures of femoral neck: concise communication

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kempi, V.; Sandegard, J.

    1982-05-01

    The uptake of in vivo labeled /sup 99m/Tc RBCs and /sup 113/In transferrin was studied in femoral bone of 21 patients who had recent operations for fracture of the femoral neck. Femoral bone biopsies and blood samples were obtained during the operation. The activity values for bone biopsies, erythrocytes, and serum were determined, and the uptake ratios between bone and erythrocyte cpm/g and between bone and serum were calculated. Biopsy samples were taken from the femoral head in 21 cases and from the trochanteric region in 14. The activity ratios for the two tracers correlated well: r . 0.94 for femoral head biopsies (P less than 0.001) and r . 0.98 for samples from the trochanteric region (P less than 0.001). Thus, the procedures are interchangeable and either may be valuable in assessing bone blood supply. An additional patient, studied only with /sup 99m/Tc RBCs, had a subsequent operation for nonunion of a fracture. Samples of both cancellous and cortical bone were obtained from the removed head. The activity ratios for the two types of bone tissue differed significantly (P . 0.02).

  16. Determination of bone blood supply with /sup 99m/Tc red blood cells and /sup 113m/In transferrin in fractures of femoral neck: concise communication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kempi, V.; Sandegard, J.

    1982-01-01

    The uptake of in vivo labeled /sup 99m/Tc RBCs and 113 In transferrin was studied in femoral bone of 21 patients who had recent operations for fracture of the femoral neck. Femoral bone biopsies and blood samples were obtained during the operation. The activity values for bone biopsies, erythrocytes, and serum were determined, and the uptake ratios between bone and erythrocyte cpm/g and between bone and serum were calculated. Biopsy samples were taken from the femoral head in 21 cases and from the trochanteric region in 14. The activity ratios for the two tracers correlated well: r . 0.94 for femoral head biopsies (P less than 0.001) and r . 0.98 for samples from the trochanteric region (P less than 0.001). Thus, the procedures are interchangeable and either may be valuable in assessing bone blood supply. An additional patient, studied only with /sup 99m/Tc RBCs, had a subsequent operation for nonunion of a fracture. Samples of both cancellous and cortical bone were obtained from the removed head. The activity ratios for the two types of bone tissue differed significantly

  17. Exposure to fingers while handling a solvent extraction-type technetium-99m generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kini, K.S.; Venkateswaran, T.V.

    1985-01-01

    Technetium-99m-labeled compounds are routinely used for various diagnostic procedures in nuclear medicine. In India, most of the nuclear medicine centers use /sup 99m/Tc obtained from a solvent extraction-type generator. As a result of the long procedure involved in the separation of /sup 99m/Tc from /sup 99m/Mo in this type of generator compared to the elution of /sup 99m/Tc from a column-type generator, like likelihood of exposure to fingers of technicians is high. The measurement of radiation exposure was done on 16 workers at seven major nuclear medicine centers in India. With the existing work load, the exposures to the fingers were found to be within the permissible limits

  18. 99Mo-99mTc production development by (n, γ) reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Izumo, Hironobu; Nishikata, Kaori; Kimura, Akihiro; Tanimoto, Masataka; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Ishihara, Masahiro; Kaminaga, Masanori

    2012-01-01

    The renewed JMTR will be started from the later half of JFY2012, and it is expected to various fields. Supply of 99 Mo in Japan depends only on imports from foreign countries. JAEA has a plan to produce 99 Mo, a parent nuclide of 99m Tc. JMTR will contribute to produce 99 Mo by (n, r) method as one of effective uses of the JMTR. In this paper, outline of the technical study items for production method of 99 Mo- 99m Tc in JMTR will be described. (author)

  19. The place occupied by early measurement (20th minute) of the thyroid uptake of sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate in thyroid pathology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guilloteaux, Gerard.

    1977-01-01

    The place occupied by early measurement (20th minute) of the thyroid uptake of sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate is situated for different types of thyroid condition (hypo-, normo- and hyperthyroidism). The use of technetium is simple in practice because only the cervical and crural radioactivity measurements are required. Like all simplified methods it involves risks of errors but lends itself to systematic routine use. The practical advantages of this isotope, which in view of its short half-life appears with iodine 123 as the nearly ideal tracer for thyroid exploration at present are outlined. The thyroid gland can be studied both functionally and scintigraphically at the cost of minimum irradiation, which is a great advantage. The fact that a number of data may be obtained in less than an hour (including scintigraphy) is a particularly valuable asset. However the method has its limits. For example a diagnosis of hyper or hypothyroidism based on the technetium uptake at the 20th minute alone is out of the question. A zero uptake may be observed in the presence of Basedow's disease or conversely a high uptake in hypo- or euthyroid cases. Discrimination is satisfactory between hyper and euthyroid but not between eu- and hypothyroid subjects. Technological progress however promises a routine use of 123 I and 99mTc together, the two isotopes serving to explore two different phases of the thyroid metabolism [fr

  20. Spent 99Mo/99mTc generator as an economical source of 99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Kolaly, M.T.

    1990-01-01

    An improved method for utilization and purification of 99 Mo from spent 90 Mo/ 99m Tc generators has been described. After washing the generator with saline to remove the generated 99m Tc, followed by 2 mL 5 M NaOH containing a few drops of H 2 O 2 , the 99 Mo was quantitatively eluted from the generator with 5 mL 5 M NaOH. The alkaline eluate containing 99 Mo was contaminated with partially dissolved alumina. In the present method, an anion-exchange resin Dowex 1 x 8 column was used for purification of 99 Mo from the contaminating alumina. The resultant 99 Mo was of high purity and contained 3+ /mL 99 Mo solution, as estimated by atomic absorption. (author)

  1. {sup 99m}Tc-labeled-1-thio-{beta}-D-glucose as a new tool to temporomandibular joint inflammatory disorders diagnosis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Borges Brasileiro, Claudia, E-mail: cbbrasileiro@gmail.co [Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear-PCA, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)-Avenida Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-100 Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Fonseca Pacheco, Cinthia Mara da, E-mail: cinthia@newtonpaiva.b [Faculdade de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Centro Universitario Newton Paiva-Avenida Silva Lobo, 1730, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Martins Queiroz-Junior, Celso, E-mail: cmqj@yahoo.com.b [Departamento de Clinica, Patologia e Cirurgia Odontologica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)-Avenida Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Flavia de Lima, Carla, E-mail: carla.flavia@terra.com.b [Nucleo de Diagnostico Cardiovascular (ECOGRAF)-Rua dos Otoni, 881, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Batista da Silva, Juliana, E-mail: silvajb@cdtn.b [Unidade de Pesquisa e Producao de Radiofarmacos, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN)-Avenida Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Passos Ribeiro de Campos, Tarcisio, E-mail: campos@nuclear.ufmb.b [Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear-PCA, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)-Avenida Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-100 Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

    2010-12-15

    Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate early detection of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory changes based on 1-thio-{beta}-D-glucose radiolabeled with technetium-99m. Method: The method applied a TMJ inflammation model in rats followed by radiopharmaceutical synthesis, intravenous administration of {sup 99m}Tc-1-TG and kinetic scintigraphy imaging. Results: Results show a significant difference of {sup 99m}Tc-1-TG uptake between inflamed TMJ and the control joint. The biodistribution of {sup 99m}Tc-1-TG by images showed the kidneys' excretion. Conclusion: As conclusion, {sup 99m}Tc-1-TG is a helpful tool in TMJ inflammatory process detection.

  2. Study of potential utility of new radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zeltchan, R., E-mail: r.zelchan@yandex.ru; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Chernov, V. [Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation); Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il’ina, E.; Larionova, L.; Skuridin, V. [Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050 (Russian Federation)

    2016-08-02

    Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with {sup 99m}Tc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with {sup 99m}Tc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. The radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25 MBq of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 min. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3 ± 0.15 MBq and 1.07 ± 0.6 MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

  3. Sorption of {sup 99}MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-} ions on commercial hydrotalcites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Serrano, J.; Gonzalez, H.; Lopez, H.; Aranda, N.; Granados, F.; Bulbulian, S. [Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico (Mexico). Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares

    2005-07-01

    {sup 99}MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-} sorption behavior on 3 commercial hydrotalcites, produced by Sasol Chemie, was studied through batch experiments. Only one of them showed high sorption capacity. This product, the MG70 was identified by XRD diffraction analysis as hydrotalcite (Mg{sub 6}Al{sub 2}(OH){sub 16}CO{sub 3} x 4H{sub 2}O), while the other two, MG50 and MG30, were identified mainly as magnesium aluminum hydroxide hydrate, MgAl{sub 2}(OH){sub 14} x 3H{sub 2}O. Calcined MG70 (CMG70) was used to retain about 298.17{+-}8.3 mg of {sup 99}Mo-MoO{sub 4}{sup 2-} (MG70-{sup 99}MoO{sub 4}). When this material was packed in a glass column, the generated {sup 99m}Tc was eluted by using NaCl or HNO{sub 3} aqueous solutions. Saline solutions eluted {sup 99m}Tc with considerable amounts of {sup 99}Mo while 0.1 M HNO{sub 3} eluted {sup 99m}Tc together with a such small amount of {sup 99}Mo that the {sup 99}Mo {mu}Ci/{sup 99m}Tc mCi ratios are close to the value recommended by the American Pharmacopeia. (orig.)

  4. Radiolabeling of Ceftriaxone with 99mTc as a Targeting Radiopharmaceutical for Staphylococcus Aureus Detection in Mouse Model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fazli, A.; Saluti, M.; Ahmadi, Gh.; Mirshojaei, F.; Mazidi, M.; Heydari, Z.

    2012-01-01

    Bacterial infection is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Nuclear medicine has an important role in helping the diagnosis of deep-seated infections by developing more specific radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate 99mTc-labeling ceftriaxone as a new radiopharmaceutical for Staphylococcus aureus infection imaging in nuclear medicine. Radiolabeling of ceftriaxone was carried out by adding 370 MBq of 99mTc to 10 mg of ceftriaxone in the presence of 50 μg of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O at pH=5. The radiochemical purity and stability tests at room temperature and human blood serum were evaluated with ITLC. Intramuscular infection was induced by injection of Staphylococcus aureus into the left thigh muscle of the mice. The biodistribution of 99mTc-ceftriaxone was studied in normal and infected mice at various times post-injection. Radiochemical purity of the product was 94.5±5.4% with a good stability at room temperature and human serum, 80.6% and 71.2% after 24 h, respectively. The biodistribution studies showed the localization of 99mTc-ceftriaxone at the site of infection with high sensitivity without any significant accumulation in vital organs. Due to the ease of 99mTc-ceftriaxone conjugation method, high labeling efficiency, and high uptake in the infected muscle, it may provide a promising candidate as a targeting radiopharmaceutical for imaging infectious foci due to Staphylococcus aureus in nuclear medicine.

  5. Two peptide receptor ligands (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide and (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin for scintigraphy of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kosowicz, Jerzy; Mikołajczak, Renata; Czepczyński, Rafał; Ziemnicka, Katarzyna; Gryczyńska, Maria; Sowiński, Jerzy

    2007-10-01

    Somatostatin and gastrin receptors are overexpressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cells; hence, both of them are potential targets for peptide receptor scintigraphy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the clinical value of two technetium-99m-labeled peptides, a new gastrin analog, the EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin and a somatostatin analog, EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide (EDDA/HYNIC-TOC) for scintigraphy in patients with MTC to detect recurrences and metastases and select patients for peptide receptor radiotherapy. Thirty (30) patients, 20 females and 10 males, 22-83 years of age (mean, 52.7) with the diagnosis of MTC in different stages of the disease (preoperative, postsurgery, remission, recurrence, or metastatic disease) were included in this study. Before surgery, in all patients serum calcitonin concentrations were elevated. The diagnosis of MTC was confirmed in all cases by histopathology of the removed tumor and immunohistochemical staining giving positive reactions for calcitonin and chromogranin A. Imaging studies using (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC and a new minigastrin analog, (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin, were performed in each patient and the results compared with each other and with other imaging methods. Scans of the whole body, head, neck, and chest were performed 2 and 4 hours after injections of the tracer, 500-600 MBq in each case, using a double-head Varicam (Elscint, Israel) gamma camera. (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC detected somatostatin receptor-positive lesions in 20 patients with MTC, whereas (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin displayed gastrin receptors in 11 patients. In 9 cases, the scans were positive in both methods, although in 2 cases different pathologic foci were visualized. In 12 cases, only (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy was positive, whereas in 3 other cases only (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin revealed pathologic lesions. Scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC permits the visualization

  6. Quantitative hepatosplenic scintiscanning. Experimental and clinical studies to determine the contents of radioactivity in liver and spleen following administration of 99mTc sulfur colloid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feuchtinger, T.

    1983-01-01

    Hepatosplenic scintiscans were obtained from 78 patients following administration of 99mTc sulfur colloid using a double-head scanner and subjected to quantitative analysis. It was the aim of the study to assess the practicability of quantitative scintiscanning of liver and spleen, to define the range of generally acceptable, normal values for the concentration of 99mTc sulfur colloid in liver and spleen as well as to evaluate the clinical relevance of this method. The following values were determined to be normal: 4.7±1.5 for the liver: Spleen ratio; 31±3% for the proportion of the left hepatic lobe in total liver concentration; 68.7±5.4% and 17.4±3.6% for the active contents of liver and spleen, respectively. Quantitative scintiscanning constitutes a very sensitive method to detect transformation processes in the liver that are associated with a decreased liver: Spleen ratio and an increased ratio between the left hepatic lobe and the total organ. The method is unsuitable to assess pathological accumulation of the tracer substances. The question as to whether the use of the more time-consuming procedure of quantitative scintiscanning is justified by the additional diagnostic information gained remains to be investigated in further studies. (TRV) [de

  7. Diagnostic Performance of Serum IgG4 Levels in Patients With IgG4-Related Disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Kuang-Hui; Chan, Tien-Ming; Tsai, Ping-Han; Chen, Ching-Hui; Chang, Pi-Yueh

    2015-01-01

    Abstract The aim of this study is to study the clinical features and diagnostic performance of IgG4 in Chinese populations with IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RDs). The medical records of 2901 adult subjects who underwent serum IgG4 level tests conducted between December 2007 and May 2014 were reviewed. Serum concentrations of IgG4 were measured in 2901 cases, including 161 (5.6%) patients with IgG4-RD and 2740 (94.4%) patients without IgG4-RD (non-IgG4-RD group). The mean age of the IgG4-RD patients was 58.4 ± 16.1 years (range: 21–87), and 48 (29.8%) were women. The mean serum IgG4 level was significantly much higher in IgG4-RD patients than in non-IgG4-RD (1062.6 vs 104.3 mg/dL, P IgG4 >135 mg/dL, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), likelihood ratio (LR)+, and LR− were 86%, 77%, 18%, 99%, 3.70, and 0.19, respectively. When the upper limit of normal was doubled for an IgG4 >270 mg/dL, the corresponding data were 75%, 94%, 43%, 98%, 12.79, and 0.26, respectively. For IgG4 >405 mg/dL (tripling the upper limit of normal), the corresponding data were 62%, 98%, 68%, 98%, 37.00, and 0.39, respectively. When calculated according to the manufacturer's package insert cutoff (>201 mg/dL) for the diagnosis of IgG4-RD, the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+, and LR− were 80%, 89%, 29%, 99%, 7.00, and 0.23, respectively. For IgG4 >402 mg/dL (>2× the upper limit of the normal range), the corresponding data were 62%, 98%, 68%, 98%, 36.21, and 0.39, respectively. For IgG4 >603 mg/dL (>3× the upper limit of the normal range), the corresponding data were 50%, 99%, 84%, 97%, 90.77 and 0.51, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of serum IgG4 (measured by nephelometry using a Siemens BN ProSpec instrument and Siemens reagent) for the diagnosis of IgG4-RD was 248 mg/dL, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.6% and 92.8%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that 2 or

  8. Gamma-ray impurities of {sup 111}In, {sup 201}Tl, {sup 177}Lu and {sup 99m}Tc determined by means of a HPGE spectrometer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koskinas, Marina F.; Almeida, Jamille da Silveira; Moreira, Denise Simões; Semmler, Renato; Dias, Mauro da Silva, E-mail: koskinas@ipen.br, E-mail: jamillealmeida@gmail.com, E-mail: denise.moreira@ipen.br, E-mail: rsemmler@ipen.br, E-mail: msdias@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2017-11-01

    This work aims to present the radioactive impurities gamma rays emitters detected in some radiopharmaceuticals widely applied to diagnosis and therapy purposes, supplied to nuclear medicine services in Brazil by the Radiopharmaceutical Center(CR) of Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN, in São Paulo. The analysis was undertaken by means of an HPGe gamma spectrometer. The radiopharmaceuticals analyzed were: {sup 111}In, {sup 201}Tl, {sup 177}Lu and {sup 99m}Tc. (author)

  9. Technetium-99 labelling of DD-3B6/22 antifibrin monoclonal antibody fragmented Fab' for thrombus imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, F-T.; Boniface, G.R.; Lambrecht, R.M.; Rylatt, D.B.; Bundesen, P.G.

    1993-01-01

    The antifibrin DD-3B6/22 monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment, a murine immunoglobulin, IgG3, has been labelled with technetium-99m ( 99mTc ) via a transchelation reaction, to specific activity in excess of 30 mCi/mg protein. The radiolabelling of Fab' was dependent on time, temperature, pH, antibody concentrations and nature intermediary transchelation complex used. The resultant radioconjugate was stable in vitro and in vivo. Blood clearance of 99m Tc-Fab' in rat followed two compartment kinetics with the half time of the fast phase being 0.5 h. The main route of excretion was via the kidneys with little uptake indicated by other tissues. The results suggest that the inherent specificity of the antibody, small molecular size, rapid plasma clearance, high specific radioactivity, together with the physical properties of the 99m Tc label, combine to make this labelled monoclonal antibody (MoAb), potentially suitable as a radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic detection of thrombi in humans. 17 refs., 3 tabs., 5 figs

  10. Harvard--MIT research program in short-lived radiopharmaceuticals. Progress report, September 1, 1977--April 30, 1978. [/sup 99m/Tc, positron-emitting radionuclides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Adelstein, S.J.; Brownell, G.L.

    1978-05-01

    Progress is reported on the following studies: chemistry studies designed to achieve a more complete understanding of the fundamental chemistry of technetium in order to facilitate the design of future radiopharmaceuticals incorporating the radionuclide /sup 99m/Tc; the development of new radiopharmaceuticals intended to improve image quality and lower radiation doses by the use of short-lived radionuclides and disease-specific agents; the development of short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides which offer advantages in transverse section imaging of regional physiological processes; and studies of the toxic effects of particulate radiation.

  11. Use of 99mTc from a commercial 99Mo/9mTc generator as yield tracer for the determination of 99Tc at low levels

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hou, Xiaolin; Jensen, Mikael; Nielsen, Sven Poul

    2007-01-01

    The concentrations of Tc-99 and impurity radionuclides in the Tc-99m tracer solution obtained from a commercial Mo-99/Tc-99m generator were measured by gamma spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. Mo-99 and Ru-103 were found in the Tc-99m eluate. A simple separation using two extra alumina...... cartridges was investigated to purify the eluate to obtain a suitable Tc-99m tracer with low Tc-99 concentration. The activity ratio of Tc-99/Tc-99m in the prepared Tc-99m solution is lower than 15 x 10(-9), which is higher than the theoretical ratio of less than 10 x 10(-9). The possible reason is discussed....... The Tc-99 in the 20 kBq spiked Tc-99m tracer was found to be less than 0.3mBq, which is lower than the detection limit of the radiometric method used for environmental samples. The purified Tc-99m eluate is used as yield tracer for the determination of low levels of Tc-99 in environmental samples. (c...

  12. 99mTc-tagged chicken liver as a marker of solid food in the human stomach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meyer, J H; MacGregor, I L; Gueller, R; Martin, P; Cavalieri, R

    1976-04-01

    Past measurement of gastric emptying of solid food in man has depended on external counting of surface-absorbed isotopes without verification that isotopic labels remain attached to solid food in the stomach. In this study chicken liver was isotopically labeled with 99mTc incorporated uniformly and intracellularly throughout the liver substance. In vitro studies showed less than 10% loss of 99mTc from liver incubated with pepsin HC1. By contrast, up to 90% of 51Cr absorbed to scrambled eggs became detached under similar conditions. In feeding experiments less than 10% of 99mTc was liberated from fed 99mTc liver, while significantly more 51Cr became detached from egg under identical intragastric conditions. We conclude that 99mTc-tagged chicken liver is an adequate marker of the rate of emptying of solid food and appears to be more reliable than 51Cr-labeled scrambled eggs from which 51Cr dissociates in the stomach.

  13. Development and evaluation of a novel (99mtc-labeled annexin A5 for early detection of response to chemotherapy.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kazuma Ogawa

    Full Text Available (99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 can be considered as a benchmark in the field of apoptosis imaging. However, (99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 has characteristics of high uptake and long retention in non-target tissues such as kidney and liver. To minimize this problem, we developed a novel (99mTc-labeled annexin A5 using a bis(hydroxamamide derivative [C3(BHam2] as a bifunctional chelating agent, and evaluated its usefulness as an imaging agent for detecting apoptosis. The amino group of C3(BHam2 was converted to a maleimide group, and was coupled to thiol groups of annexin A5 pretreated with 2-iminothiolane. (99mTc labeling was performed by a ligand exchange reaction with (99mTc-glucoheptonate. Biodistribution experiments for both (99mTc-C3(BHam2-annexin A5 and (99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 were performed in normal mice. In addition, in tumor-bearing mice, the relationship between the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy (5-FU and the tumor accumulation of (99mTc-C3(BHam2-annexin A5 just after the first treatment of 5-FU was evaluated. (99mTc-C3(BHam2-annexin A5 was prepared with a radiochemical purity of over 95%. In biodistribution experiments, (99mTc-C3(BHam2-annexin A5 had a much lower kidney accumulation of radioactivity than (99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5. In the organs for metabolism, such as liver and kidney, radioactivity after the injection of (99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 was residual for a long time. On the other hand, radioactivity after the injection of (99mTc-C3(BHam2-annexin A5 gradually decreased. In therapeutic experiments, tumor growth in the mice treated with 5-FU was significantly inhibited. Accumulation of (99mTc-C3(BHam2-annexin A5 in tumors significantly increased after 5-FU treatment. The accumulation of radioactivity in tumor correlated positively with the counts of TUNEL-positive cells. These findings suggest that (99mTc-C3(BHam2-annexin A5 may contribute to the efficient detection of apoptotic tumor response after chemotherapy.

  14. Radioactive excretion in human milk following administration of /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated albumin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pittard, W.B.; Merkatz, R.; Fletcher, B.D.

    1982-01-01

    Albumin-tagged sodium pertechnetate (technetium) is routinely used in nuclear medicine for scanning procedures of the lung. The rate of excretion of this radionuclide into breast milk and the resultant potential radiation hazard to the nursing infant have received little attention. Therefore the milk from a nursing mother who required a lung scan because of suspected pulmonary emboli using an intravenous injection of 4 mCi of /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated human serum albumin was monitored. Albumin tagging severely limited the entrance of technetium into her milk and the radioactivity of the milk returned to base line by 24 hours. A total of 2.02 muCi of technetium was measured in the 24-hour milk collection after technetium injection and 94% of this amount was excreted by 15.5 hours. This amount of technetium administered orally to a newborn would deliver a total body radiation dose of .3 mrad. Therefore, an infant would receive trivial doses of radiation if breast-feeding were resumed 15.5 hours after administration of the radionuclide to the mother and nursing can clearly be resumed safely 24 hours after injection

  15. Rechargeable sup(99)MO/sup(99m)TC generator system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thornton, A.K.; Cerone, F.E.

    1980-01-01

    A rechargeable radioisotope generator system is described in which the transfer of the parent isotope, molybdenum 99, can be affected safely and easily. Part of the system consists of a shielded shipping vial for the parent isotope. The generator consists of an alumina column upon which molybdenum 99 may be adsorbed and from which technetium 99m may be eluted. The generator is shipped as a cold package to the user and is charged as needed. A transfer mechanism is incorporated in the shipping shield, which allows the septum of the vial to be pierced and the contents to be transferred to the generator essentially automatically. (LL)

  16. Thermal separation method of preparing apyrogenic and sterile sup(99m)Tc2O7 and equipment for this method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Machan, V.; Rusek, V.; Vlcek, J.; Kokta, L.; Smejkal, Z.; Rohacek, J.

    1978-01-01

    Pure apyrogenic and sterile sup(99m)Tc 2 O 7 is prepared from a mixture of technetium and molybdenum or their compounds, e.g., MoO 3 and Tc 2 O 7 . The mixture is mixed with a granular low-melting material and during separation is heated to 650 to 1000 degC for a time necessary for Tc 2 O 7 liberation. While cooling to room temperature Tc 2 O 7 is condensed outside the molybdenum region. The separation equipment consists of an outer tube with a ground surface extending into the heating system, a removable vessel, a replaceable cartridge for storing the mother nuclide, and a bacteriological filter. (H.S.)

  17. Determination of the presence of molybdenum-99 in the technetium-99m solutions used at the nuclear medicine services of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sena, Thiago G. de; Souza, Fernanda R. de L.; Lopes Filho, Ferdinand de J.; Vieira, Jose W.; Lima, Fernando R. de A.

    2009-01-01

    The main objective of this work is to calculate the percentage of 99 Mo in the eluates of the 99 mTc used at the nuclear medicine services localized at the Recife city, Pernambuco, Brazil. At the present moment three nuclear medicine services were evaluated verifying the 99 Mo in the eluates of 99 mTc, and in two services, the contamination were superior to the limits stipulated by the international organism adopted as reference in this work. The work follows in other nuclear medicine institutions evaluating and orienting the professionals on these quality control not only for the optimization of the patient dose, but also for the improvement of the image to be used for the diagnostic

  18. Clinical investigation of accumulation process of {sup 99m}Tc-HMDP and -MDP in bone

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matumoto, Takahiro [Health Insurance Naruto Hospital, Tokushima (Japan); Miyoshi, Hirokazu; Satou, Kazuo; Kishi, Taro; Yoshino, Tomio; Nishitani, Hiromu

    2000-06-01

    The accumulation process in bone of {sup 99m}Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate ({sup 99m}Tc-HMDP) and {sup 99m}Tc-methylene diphosphonate ({sup 99m}Tc-MDP) was examined on 9 subjects (5 for {sup 99m}Tc-HMDP and 4 for {sup 99m}Tc-MDP). {sup 99m}Tc compounds in blood were analyzed with radio-thinlayer chromatography, radioactivity was measured using a scintillation counter, and the uptake of both {sup 99m}Tc diphosphonates in bone was examined by scintigraphy. The amounts of {sup 99m}Tc-HMDP and MDP compounds disappeared from blood for 2 h after injection were 83% and 87%, respectively, and these were almost unchanged even after 3 h. While the greater part of {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} contained in both diphosphonates was disappeared from blood, the small amounts of unknown {sup 99m}Tc compounds were produced in blood. The ratio of the radioactivity of {sup 99m}Tc-HMDP in lumbar vertebra to soft tissue near bone was 1.5{+-}0.5 after about 3 h, showing that equilibrium occurred in the process of the accumulation in bone, and good scintigrams were depicted in all the cases. These results suggest that the accumulation in bone of both {sup 99m}Tc diphosphonates may be by both fast chemical absorption onto the surface of the hydroxyapatite in bone and slow uptake mediated through osteoblast-like cells and organic matters. (author)

  19. Potential Ways to Address Shortage Situations of 99Mo/99mTc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Filzen, Leah M; Ellingson, Lacey R; Paulsen, Andrew M; Hung, Joseph C

    2017-03-01

    99m Tc, the most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine, is produced in a nuclear reactor from the decay of 99 Mo. There are only a few aging nuclear reactors around the world that produce 99 Mo, and one of the major contributors, the National Research Universal (Canada), ceased production on October 31, 2016. The National Research Universal produced approximately 40% of the world's 99 Mo supply, so with its shut down, shortages of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc are expected. Methods: Nuclear pharmacies and nuclear medicine departments throughout the United States were contacted and asked to provide their strategies for coping with a shortage of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc. Each of these strategies was evaluated on the basis of its effectiveness for conserving 99m Tc while still meeting the needs of the patients. Results: From the responses, the following 6 categories of strategies, in order of importance, were compiled: contractual agreements with commercial nuclear pharmacies, alternative imaging protocols, changes in imaging schedules, software use, generator management, and reduction of ordered doses or elimination of backup doses. Conclusion: The supply chain of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc is quite fragile; therefore, being aware of the most appropriate coping strategies is crucial. It is essential to build a strong collaboration between the nuclear pharmacy and nuclear medicine department during a shortage situation. With both nuclear medicine departments and nuclear pharmacies implementing viable strategies, such as the ones proposed, the amount of 99m Tc available during a shortage situation can be maximized. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

  20. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with severe renal impairment associated with multisystem IgG4-related disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beltrame, Rafael Coimbra Ferreira; Friderichs, Maurício; Fior, Bárbara Rayanne; Schaefer, Pedro Guilherme; Thomé, Gustavo Gomes; Silva, Dirceu Reis da; Barros, Elvino José Guardão; Seligman, Renato; Veronese, Francisco Veríssimo

    2016-01-01

    The IgG4-related disease has a wide clinical spectrum where multiple organs can be affected, and the diagnosis depends on typical histopathological findings and an elevated IgG4 expression in plasma cells in the affected tissue. We describe the clinical presentation and evolution of a patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, severe kidney failure and systemic manifestations such as lymphadenomegaly and chronic pancreatitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the clinical picture and kidney and lymph node histopathology, in which immunohistochemistry of the lymphoid tissue showed policlonality and increased expression of IgG4, with a IgG4/total IgG ratio > 80%. The patient was treated with prednisone at a dose of 60 mg/day, followed by mycophenolate mofetil, and showed clinical and renal function improvement at 6 months of follow-up. The high index of suspicion of IgG4-related disease with multisystem involvement and the early treatment of this condition are essential to improve the prognosis of affected patients. Resumo A doença relacionada à IgG4 tem um espectro clínico amplo em que múltiplos órgãos podem ser afetados, e o diagnóstico depende de achados histopatológicos típicos e elevada expressão de IgG4 em plasmócitos no tecido afetado. Descrevemos o quadro clínico e a evolução de um paciente com nefrite túbulo-intersticial aguda, insuficiência renal grave e manifestações sistêmicas como linfoadenomegalias e pancreatite crônica. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelas características clínicas e pela histopatologia renal e de linfonodo, na qual a imunohistoquímica mostrou tecido linfoide com policlonalidade e expressão aumentada de IgG4, com uma relação IgG4/IgG total > 80%. O paciente foi tratado com prednisona na dose de 60 mg/dia, seguido de micofenolato mofetil, e apresentou melhora clínica e da função renal depois de 6 meses de tratamento. O alto índice de suspeição da doença relacionada ao IgG4 com comprometimento multissist

  1. Questionnaire survey of SPECT studies after the supply shortage of Tc-99m and model analysis concerning earnings and expenditure of generator use

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kinoshita, Ryo; Kosuda, Shigeru; Koike, Katsumi; Arai, Takashi

    2012-01-01

    A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate decrease in SPECT studies and its causes after the cessation of long supply shortage of 99 Mo/ 99 mTc generators. Of the replies by the chief nuclear medicine technologists, no necessity for 99 Mo/ 99 mTc generator use or for domestic supply of 99 mTc unexpectedly accounted for 25% and 46%, respectively. Generator use leads to an additional profit by 8654 yen per patient, compared to purchase of commercially available 99 mTc-labeled kits. It is essential to install a 99 Mo/ 99 mTc generator to perform emergency SPECT studies, increase a profit in hospital management, reduction of financial issues in patients, and pediatric studies. This adverse circumstance, however, may provide a good opportunity to instruct nuclear medicine specialists to be aware of the importance mentioned above in medical meetings. (author)

  2. Update of the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m comparison of activity measurements for the radionuclide {sup 99m}Tc to include new results for the LNE-LNHB and the NPL

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Michotte, C.; Courte, S.; Ratel, G. [Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), 92 - Sevres (France); Moune, M. [LNE-LNHB, Laboratoire national de metrologie et d' essais-Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, Gif sur Yvette (France); Johansson, L.; Keightley, J. [National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Middlesex (United Kingdom)

    2010-12-15

    In 2007 and 2008 respectively, the Laboratoire national de metrologie et d'essais -Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), France and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK, submitted ampoules with between 10 MBq and 130 MBq activity of {sup 99m}Tc to the International Reference System (SIR), to update their results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m comparison. Together with the four other national metrology institutes (NMI) that are participants, thirteen samples have been submitted since 1983. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been recalculated to include the latest primary results of the PTB and the LNE-LNB as this makes the evaluation more robust. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR are given in the form of a matrix for all six NMIs. A graphical presentation is also given. (authors)

  3. Targeting osteomyelitis with complete [99mTc]besilesomab and fragmented [99mTc]sulesomab antibodies: kinetic evaluations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    GRATZ, Stefan; KEMKE, Bendix; KEIZE, Patrik; KAMPEN, Wim U.; LUSTER, Markus; HÖFFKEN, Helmut

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the targeting of “pure” osteomyelitis (i.e., without surrounding soft tissue infection) by directly 99mTc-labelled complete immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal antibody (MAb) ([99mTc]besilesomab) and by directly 99mTc-labelled fragment antigen-binding (FAb) MAb ([99mTc]sulesomab) in relation to their kinetic fate. A total of 73 patients with “pure” osteomyelitis were examined with [99mTc]besilesomab, (Scintimun®, IBA/CIS bio international, Saclay, France; N.=38) and [99mTc]sulesomab (LeukoScan®, Immunomedics Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA; N.=35). Kinetic data were deduced from whole-body and single-photon emission computed tomographic scans, performed 10 minutes to 24 hour p.i. (region-of-interest technique [ROI]). In targeting “pure” osteomyelitis, sensitivities at 1-4 hours were found to be higher for [99mTc]sulesomab (44% and 80% for [99mTc]besilesomab and [99mTc]sulesomab, respectively) but at significantly lower target/background (T/B) ratios than with [99mTc]besilesomab (1.8±0.3 versus 1.4±0.5 for [99mTc]besilesomab and [99mTc]sulesomab respectively; P<0.01). With [99mTc]besilesomab, there was a continuous osteomyelitis uptake over 24 hours, whereas with [99mTc]sulesomab, the maximal uptake occurred mostly within 1-4 hours, with subsequent clearance being slower for antigen-bound activity than for nonspecific background. Hence, diagnosis was possible mostly after 4h with [99mTc]sulesomab but often not before 24 hours with [99mTc]besilesomab, the later increasing significantly (P<0.01) in sensitivity (87% and 84% for [99mTc]besilesomab and [99mTc]sulesomab, respectively). These results show that the higher sensitivity of [99mTc]sulesomab in osteomyelitis targeting at earlier p.i. times does not rely on an increased antibody uptake but on a more rapid clearance of nonspecific background activity due to faster metabolism and excretion. Intact [99mTc]besilesomab show a slow, continuous uptake

  4. {sup 99}Mo sorption by thermally treated hydrotalcites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Serrano, J.; Bertin, V.; Bulbulian, S.

    2000-04-04

    MoO{sub 4}{sup {minus}2} ions were sorbed in calcined hydrotalcite contained in a column. It was found that 98% of {sup 99m}Tc formed by {sup 99}Mo decay was eluted through the column in the form of pertechnetate. The content of radionuclides was determined by {gamma}-spectrometry, and natural molybdenum was measured by neutron activation analysis. Solids were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Through batch experiments, the hydrotalcite capacity toward molybdate ions (1.12 x 10{sup {minus}3} M) was found to be 3.2 mequiv g{sup {minus}1}. It was found that the high molybdate adsorbing capacity of calcined hydrotalcite could be utilized in designing a {sup 99m}Tc generator made with low specific activity {sup 99}Mo-molybdate samples.

  5. Status of Tc-99m and 99Mo/99mTc generator production in Bangladesh

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abedin, Md. Zainul; Haque, Md. Azizul; Ali, Md. Ramjan; Hossain, Md. Anwar; Razzaque, Md. Abdur; Yasmin, Lyzu; Waheed, M. Fatima; Akhter, Rabeya; Mondal, Rafiuddin

    2007-01-01

    Radioisotope Production Division (RIPD) produced instant technetium-99m by solvent extraction method for several years. On R and D basis, the division produced portable sterile Tc-99m sublimation generator by irradiating titanium molybdate in the reactor. The division produced (4/batch) from imported fission Mo-99 till June 2005. Since August 2005, as per demand of the government hospitals, the division have been producing 12-14 pieces of 15 GBq chromatographic 99m Tc-generators weekly by using the new generator production plant installed last year having online Mo-99 loading system with the of producing 50 generator per batch. Development of PZC and (n,γ) 99 Mo based generator holds potential in Bangladesh. (author)

  6. 99Mo-99mTc generator - study of their performance and quality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Acar, M.E.D.

    1987-01-01

    In this work the performance of the 99 Mo - 99m Tc generators produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP as well as the quality of the eluted solutions were analysed. The following parameters were studied: elution efficiency, chemical radiochemical, radionuclidic and microbiological purities and pH of the eluates. The 99m Tc yield ranged from 84,7 to 98,5%. The radioactivity due to the pertechnetate ion in the studied solutions was higher than 97,5%. The aluminium content in eluates, determined by spectrophotometry, was lower than 2,5 μg/ml and the pH of the solutions between 4,5 and 5,1. Radioactive impurities of the order of 10 -3 KBq 99 Mc/MBq 99m Tc and 10 -5 KBq 131 I/MBq 99m Tc were found in the eluates at the time of elution. Other γ emitting radioactive impurities were order of 10 -3 KBq/MBq 99m Tc. The eluates were sterile and pyrogen-free. From the results obtained in this work one can state that the IPEN-TEC generator is a reliable source of good quality 99m Tc-pertechnetate. (author) [pt

  7. The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes. 2016 Medical Isotope Supply Review: 99Mo/99mTc Market Demand and Production Capacity Projection 2016-2021

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Charlton, Kevin; )

    2016-03-01

    Medical diagnostic imaging techniques using technetium-99m ( 99 mTc) account for approximately 80% of all nuclear medicine procedures, representing 30-40 million examinations Worldwide every year. Disruptions in the supply chain of these medical isotopes - which have half-lives of 66 hours for molybdenum-99 ( 99 Mo) and only 6 hours for 99m Tc, and thus must be produced continuously - can lead to cancellations or delays in important medical testing services. Supply reliability has been challenged over the past decade due to unexpected shutdowns and extended refurbishment periods at some of the 99 Mo-producing research reactors and processing facilities. These shutdowns have at times created conditions for extended global supply shortages (e.g. 2009-2010). At the request of its member countries, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) became involved in global efforts to ensure a secure supply of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc. Since June 2009, the NEA and its High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (HLG-MR) have examined the causes of supply shortages and developed a policy approach, including principles and supporting recommendations to address those causes. The NEA has also reviewed the global 99 Mo supply situation periodically, to highlight periods of potential reduced supply and to underscore the case for implementing the HLG-MR policy approach in a timely and globally consistent manner. In 2012, the NEA released a 99 Mo supply and demand forecast up to 2030, identifying periods of potential low supply relative to demand. That 2012 forecast was updated with a report in 2014 that focused on the much shorter 2015-2020 period. That report was updated in 2015 with a report, '2015 Medical Isotope Supply Review: 99 Mo/ 99m Tc Market Demand and Production Capacity Projection 2015-2020' (NEA, 2015), which focused on the same period. This report updates the 2015 report, and focuses on the important 2016-2021 period. At the end of 2015, the OSIRIS reactor

  8. Biodistribution dosimetric study of radiopharmaceutical {sup 99mT}c Ixolaris in mice for melanoma diagnosis by molecular image and translational model for human beings; Estudo dosimetrico da biodistribuicao do radiofarmaco Ixolaris-{sup 99m}Tc em camundongos para diagnostico de melanoma atraves de imagem molecular e modelo translacional para humanos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Soriano, Sarah Canuto Silva

    2015-07-01

    The labeling of Ixolaris with {sup 99m}Tc was developed by Barboza et.al. (2013) aiming its use primarily in glioblastoma and after in melanoma diagnosis, a less common but very aggressive cancer and with high mortality rate. Preliminary tests on animals have proven its effectiveness of labeling but a dosimetric study to human clinical trials should be performed. This study aimed to: (1) determine the biokinetic model for the radiotracer {sup 99m}Tc-Ixolaris in mice by imaging dosimetry method; and (2) estimate the absorbed and effective dose resulting from the use of a new radiopharmaceutical for melanoma and metastases diagnosis in human beings, since a dosimetric study of new radiopharmaceuticals in animals is necessary to test them subsequently in humans and apply for registration in ANVISA. According to SPECT images, was found a latency period of 15 to 21 days for the development of lung metastasis in mice. Three C57BL6 mice, one control animal, and two animals with induced cell line B16-F10 murine melanoma were tested. The {sup 99m}Tc-Ixolaris radiopharmaceutical was administered intravenously in a caudal vein, and SPECT images were acquired 0.5 h, 1.5 h, 2.5 h, 3.5 h and 24 h post-administration for analysis and biodistribution quantification. The biokinetic model was determined and thus, obtained cumulative activity in order to estimate the absorbed dose in each organ. The mass and metabolic differences between mice and humans were considered and used to extrapolate the data acquired at different scales. Based on dose factors provided by the software MIRDOSE and Olinda (S factor), absorbed doses in irradiated target organs were calculated for the source organs, and finally the effective dose was estimated. The results indicate that for diagnostic exams conducted in human melanoma patients by administering approximately 25.7 MBq the estimated effective dose was 4.3 mSv. Comparing with effective doses obtained in other diagnostic techniques with {sup 99m}Tc

  9. Bone-seeking /sup 99m/Tc complex

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Subramanian, G.; McAfee, J.G.

    1977-01-01

    A bone-seeking, technetium-99m-tin-phosphonate complex effective as a skeletal-imaging agent has been found particularly useful for diagnostic purposes. Skeletal tissue concentrations or technetium-99m obtained with the complex compare favorably to other bone-seeking radionuclides

  10. A new method for 99mTc-labelling of proteins, leucocytes and platelets for nuclear medicine application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sundrehagen, E.

    1984-01-01

    A reduced state of 99mTc was obtained by concentrated hydrocloric acid treatment of the 99mTc(VII)/0.15 M NaCl eluate from 99Mo/99mTc generators. Non-acidic reduced state of 99mTc in dry NaCl deposit was obtained by vacuum evaporation of concentrated HCl and water. A monitored vacuum evaporator built for this purpose is presented, as well as methods of formation of various 99mTc-protein and 99mTc-polypeptide complexes. After careful protein precipation or anionic adsorption of pertechnetate and 99mTc-gentisic acid complexes, high radiochemical purities of labelled proteins were demonstrated by gel chromatography studies, radioimmunological methods, radioaffinity testing studies and ampholyte displacement radiochromatography. Preparative methods for 99mTc-plasmin (at pH=2), 99mTc-secretin (at pH=3) and 99mTc-IgG (at pH=4) are presented. The role and the limitations of 99mTc-plasmin for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis were investigated in experimentally induced jugular vein thrombosis in rabbits. The in vivo distribution of intravenously injected 99mTc-secretin was found to be in correspondance with that of unlabelled secretin. Labelling of platelets and leucoytes from human blood with 99mTc was carried out at pH=7.2. Data for a remarkable high stability of the labelled cells are presented

  11. [Importance of parathyroid SPECT and 99mTc scintigraphy, and of clinical, laboratorial, ultrasonographic and citologic correlation in the pre-operative localization of the parathyroid adenoma - pictorial assay].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oliveira, Marco Antônio Condé de; Maeda, Sérgio Setsuo; Dreyer, Patrícia; Lobo, Alberto; Andrade, Victor Piana de; Hoff, Ana O; Biscolla, Rosa Paula Mello; Smanio, Paola; Brandão, Cynthia M A; Vieira, José G

    2010-06-01

    In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, candidates for surgical intervention, the parathyroid pre-operative localization is of fundamental importance in planning the appropriate surgical approach. The additional acquisition of SPECT and Technetium-99m images, during parathyroid scintigraphy with Sestamibi, is not common practice. Usually, only planar image acquisition, 15 minutes prior and 2 hours after radiopharmaceutical administration, is performed. In our experience, the complete protocol in parathyroid scintigraphy increases the accuracy of pre-operative parathyroid localization. The complete utilization of all available nuclear medicine methods (SPECT e 99mTc) and image interpretation in a multidisciplinary context can improve the accuracy of parathyroid scintigraphy.

  12. Determination of radionuclidic impurities in 99mTceluate from 99Mo/99mTc generator for quality control

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hou, Xiaolin

    2017-01-01

    , 89Sr and 90Sr. Radioactive decay for removal of 99mTc, ion exchange and extraction chromatography for removal of 99Mo and 99Tc are effective for separation of interferences. Gamma spectrometry, LSC with alpha/beta discrimination, and Cherenkov counting using LSC are sensitive methods for measurement...... of the impurity radionuclides. The detection limits of this method are well meet the requirement of the quality control according to the limitation of the pharmacopoeia....

  13. Subcutaneous injection of sup 99m Tc pertechnetate at acupuncture points K-3 and B-60

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu Chung-Chieng; Jong Shiang-Bin; Lin Chun-Ching; Chen Min-Fen; Chen Jong-Rern (Kaohsiung Medical Coll., Taiwan (China)); Chung Chieng

    1990-06-01

    The acupuncture points are known to be morphologically related to the nerves and vessels. Yet the physiological role of blood vessels in the formation of acupuncture points remains unknown. With subcutaneous injection of {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate at the acupuncture points K-3 and B-60 and with intra-acupuncture point injection of {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate at K-3 and B-60, a lower-limb venography like what was obtained by intravenous injection of {sup 99m}Tc macroaggregated albumin was demonstrated in the present study. It seems that some acupuncture points do play a role in drainage of tissue fluid from soft tissue into the veins. (author).

  14. Preparation and biological profile of 99mTc-lidocaine as a cardioselective imaging agent using 99mTc eluted from 99Mo/99mTc generator based on Al-Mo gel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakr, T.M.; October University of Modern Sciences and Arts; Ibrahim, A.B.; Rashed, H.M.; Fasih, T.W.

    2017-01-01

    The current study is aimed to prepare 99m Tc-lidocaine as a new myocardial perfusion-imaging agent. The used 99m Tc was obtained from Al- 99 Mo-molybdate(VI) gel matrix. 99m Tc-lidocaine showed higher (15.4 ± 0.11% ID/g) and faster (15 min post injection) cardiac uptake than the recently studied 99m Tc-valsartan and 99m Tc-procainamide. Consequently, 99m Tc-lidocaine will be a valuable myocardial SPECT agent for diagnosis of emergency patients. Besides, the receptor affinity study confirmed the selectivity of 99m Tc-lidocaine for sodium channels in the heart. (author)

  15. Pharmaceutical grade sodium (99mTc) pertechnetate from 99Mo/99mTc-TCM-Autosolex generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Barua, Luna; Das, Sujata Saha

    2014-01-01

    Technetium-99m (T 1/2 = 6.02h; 140.51 keV (89%)) is the most useful radioisotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine. More than 80% of all diagnostic procedures done worldwide in nuclear medicine centre are performed with 99m Tc. Worldwide crisis of fission 99 Mo based generator in recent past had put the nuclear medicine fraternity in very harsh situation. In order to have an indigenous solution of this problem, we tried to develop a computer controlled semi automated 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator using MEK solvent extraction technique, which utilizes abundantly available 99 Mo produced by (n,γ) reaction in BARC reactors. The aim of this work is to provide a more reliable, computer controlled module (TCM- AUTOSOLEX) for the recovery of pharmaceutical grade 99m Tc from low specific activity 99 Mo based on solvent extraction methodology

  16. Adsorption kinetics of {sup 201}Tl and migration of {sup 99m}Tc in natural soils; Cinetica de adsorcion de {sup 201}Tl y migracion de {sup 99m}Tc en suelos naturales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodriguez N, C. E. [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca, Av. Tecnologico s/n, Fraccionamiento La Virgen, 52149 Metepec, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Monroy G, F.; Fernandez R, E.; Anguiano A, J., E-mail: estefany_rodriguezn@hotmail.com [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

    2012-10-15

    The safety is very important in facilities where radioactive wastes are stored. One of the necessary characteristics of the site where these wastes will be disposed is the soil permeability, since a waterproof terrain avoids the diffusion and radionuclide transport in the leakages case. The objective of this work is to study the adsorption kinetics of {sup 201}Tl and the migration of {sup 99m}Tc in natural soil samples. The adsorption kinetics was determined starting from the obtaining of the retention coefficient of the thallium (static method) at different contact times. The technetium diffusion was studied by means of the dynamic method with different soil particles sizes. The results showed that the thallium is totally adsorbed starting from 20 h of contact among this and the mean. On the other hand, the technetium is very mobile in the soil, since it was possible to extract the majority of the tracer with little solvent. Also, it was found that for each soil gram the double water will be needed to leach the technetium almost in its entirety. Moreover, influence exists of the particle size in the migration velocity from the radiotracer to the most mobile being in major sizes than 2 mm that in minor size. (Author)

  17. Analytical methods for determination of radiochemical and radionuclidic purity of radiopharmaceuticals containing sup(99m)Tc and sup(113m)In. Part of a coordinated programme on radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galatzeanu, I.

    1974-01-01

    The obtained results on radiochemical and radionuclidic purities determination of sup(99m)Tc and sup(113m)In-radiopharmaceuticals proved to be a good tool for small hospital units and laboratories in satisfying their duty to improve the quality control. The complicated behaviour of technetium in aqueous solutions during the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, needs further research work to elucidate the mechanisms of interaction of reduced species with media and their disproportionation

  18. Technetium-99m labeling and fibronectin binding ability of Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Marcacao de Corynebacterium diphtheriae com Tecnecio-99m e avaliacao da capacidade de ligacao a fibronectina de plasma humano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Souza, S.M.S.; Nagao, P.E.; Bernardo-Filho, M. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes; Pereira, G.A.; Napoleao, F.; Andrade, A.F.B.; Hirata Junior, R.; Mattos-Guaraldi, A.L. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas

    2004-04-15

    The use of radionuclides has permitted advances in areas of clinical and scientific knowledge. Several molecules and cells have been labelled with Technetium-99m ({sup 99m}Tc). The stannous chloride (SnCl{sub 2}) has a significant influence on the labeling and stability of {sup 99m}Tc radiotracers. The frequent risk of diphtheria epidemics has intensified interest in the virulence factors of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Although studies have looked at potential adhesins including haemagglutinins and exposed sugar residues, the molecular basis of mechanisms of adherence remains unclear. Adherence of pathogens to mammalian tissues may be mediated by fibronectin (FN) found in body fluids, matrix of connective tissues, and cell surfaces. In the present study we evaluated the binding ability to human plasma FN by {sup 99m}Tc labeled-C.diphtheriae. Due to adverse effects of stannous ions, microorganisms were submitted to survival and filamentation induction assays. Data showed a dose dependent susceptibility to SnCl{sub 2} bactericidal effects. Cell filamentation was observed for concentrations of SnCl{sub 2} > 110 {mu}g/ml. Adherence levels of {sup 99m}Tc labelled 241strain to coverslips coated with 20 {mu}g/ml FN were higher (P = 0.0037) than coated with bovine serum albumin. FN binding by the sucrose fermenting 241 C. diphtheriae strain (8.9% + 2.6) was significantly lower (P=0.0139) than Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (34.1% {+-} 1.2). Therefore, bacterial {sup 99m}Tc labeling represents an additional tool that may contribute to the comprehension of C. diphtheriae interactions with host receptors such as FN that act as biological organizers by holding bacterial cells in position and guiding their migration. (author)

  19. Clinical use of 99mTc mebrofenin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Shaoliang; Zhao Huiyang

    1989-01-01

    A study of 124 subjects was undertaken to evaluate the image patterns of 99m Tc trimethylbromo iminodiacetic acid ( 99m Tc mebrofenin) in hepatobiliary disorders. It exhibits: (a) high specificity for the hepatobiliary system with low urinary excretion rate; (b) high competition to bilirubin; and (c) clearing more rapidly from the blood and rapid transit through the hepatobiliary system. Therefore 99m Tc mebrofenin result in the best visualization of the biliary system either in nonjaundiced or joundiced patient, and the hepatobiliary system can be clearly visualized even in patients with serum bilirubin level up to 30 mg%. The major drawback of this agent is that the urinary excretion rate increased in case of high serum bilirubin

  20. Applicability of Sol-Gel Derived Adsorbent for the Production of (n,f) 99Mo Generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Jun-Sig; Lee, Jong-Sup; Park, Ul-Jae; Son, Kwang-Jae; Han, Hyon-Soo; Kim, Myung Sic; Koo, Sung Chan; Chung, Young-Ju

    2007-01-01

    High performance adsorbents as the column material for (n,γ) 99 Mo/ 99 mTc and 188 W/ 188 Re generators have been developed at KAERI. These adsorbents should have enough loading capacities to produce such generators with high activities as the loading isotopes are not carrier-free. In this regard, the adsorbents are synthesized by sol-gel processing in which the ligand density can easily be adjusted and maximized. The marginal capacity of such adsorbents should be higher than 200 mg/g for molybdenum. From the previous works, the sol-gel processing techniques are adequately applied to meet the criteria. Further studies are being undertaken to employ the adsorbents for the production of high capacity (n,f) 99 Mo/ 99 mTc. Domestically, a private company has lined up the production facility of the molybdenum generator in the activity range of 300 ∼ 1,000 mCi/ea. The column elements are composed of manganese oxide doped on silica and alumina at the backup layer. In this column, the manganese oxide is the main reactive layer to retain (n,f) 99 Mo. The sol-gel derived adsorbent, in this study, is employed as the replacement of the manganese oxide doped silica in the column and tested for the loading efficiency of (n,f) 99 Mo, elution of 99 mTc, labeling property of the eluted 99 mTc. The same loading and elution procedures as the commercial production are applied for the tests and quality controls

  1. Kinetic study on ligand exchange reaction between ethylenedicysteine and 99mTc- glucoheptonate (99mTc-GH)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, C.Y.; Ji, S.R.; Lu, C.X.; Ding, S.Y.; Chen, Z.P.; Lin, X.T.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: 99m Tc-L,L-ethylenedicysteine( 99m Tc-EC)is a new type of renal imaging agent. It can be labeled very easily and efficiently at room temperature through direct labeling at pH 12. The need for direct labeling at pH 12 does not compromise the simplicity and ease of preparation of 99m Tc-EC and its practical usefulness in daily routine. On the basis of the labeling experiments, we developed a ligand exchange labeling method, in which the labeling EC with 99m Tc can be performed at pH 8. In order to provide a theoretic basis, a detailed kinetic study of ligand exchange reaction between 99m Tc- glucoheptonate( 99m Tc-GH) and EC was carried out. Materials and Methods: 99m Tc-EC is prepared as follows: 99m Tc-GH + EC → 99m Tc-EC + GH, labeling can be easily performed by adding 99m TcO 4 - (2∼6ml generator elute) to glucoheptonate solution containing SnCl 2 .2H 2 O solution to form 99m Tc-GH, then freshly prepared 99m Tc-GH is transferred to the aqueous solution of different concentrations of EC at different pH value, after being shaken, 99m Tc-EC was formed. Radiolabeling yield(RLY) and radiochemical purity(RCP) of 99m Tc-GH and 99m Tc-EC were measured by Xinhua No.1 paper with developing system of Me 2 CO/H 2 O/con.NH 3 .H 2 O=9/3/1(V/V). 99m Tc-GH(RCP must be over 98%, 80ul, 3.6∼7.4MBq) was added to 1ml of 0.5mol/L phosphate buffer(pH 12) containing different amount of EC(150, 75, 50 and 15ug), the sample was taken out at different time intervals and RCP was determined. The solution of EC(30ul, 5g/L) was added to 1ml of 0.5mol/L phosphate buffer at different pH value(pH11, 10, 9, 8, 7), after completely vortexed, 99m Tc-GH(RCP must be over 98%, 80ul, 3.6∼7.4MBq) was then added, the sample was taken out and RCP was determined as above. The rate constant(k) of ligand exchange reaction at different concentrations of EC and different reaction pH values were calculated out by integrating. Plot ln[1/(1-RLY)] vs t(time) showed a liner relationship, and the rate

  2. Importance of parathyroid SPECT and {sup 99m}Tc scintigraphy, and of clinical, laboratorial, ultrasonographic and cytologic correlation in the pre-operative localization of the parathyroid adenoma - pictorial assay;Importancia da complementacao com SPECT e {sup 99m}Tc na cintilografia das paratiroides e da correlacao clinica, laboratorial, ultrassonografica e citologica na localizacao pre-operatoria do adenoma de paratiroide: ensaio pictorico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oliveira, Marco Antonio Conde de, E-mail: marco.oliveira@fleury.com.b [Fleury Medicina e Saude, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Servicos de Medicina Nuclear; Maeda, Sergio Setsuo; Dreyer, Patricia; Lobo, Alberto; Andrade, Victor Piana de; Hoff, Ana O.; Biscolla, Rosa Paula Mello; Smanio, Paola; Brandao, Cynthia M.A.; Vieira, Jose G. [Fleury Medicina e Saude, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2010-06-15

    Objective: In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, candidates for surgical intervention, the parathyroid pre-operative localization is of fundamental importance in planning the appropriate surgical approach. Materials and methods: The additional acquisition of SPECT and Technetium-99m images, during parathyroid scintigraphy with Sestamibi, is not common practice. Usually, only planar image acquisition, 15 minutes prior and 2 hours after radiopharmaceutical administration, is performed. Results: in our experience, the complete protocol in parathyroid scintigraphy increases the accuracy of pre-operative parathyroid localization. Conclusion: the complete utilization of all available nuclear medicine methods (SPECT e {sup 99m}Tc) and image interpretation in a multidisciplinary context can improve the accuracy of parathyroid scintigraphy. (author)

  3. Urinary bladder blood flow. I. Comparison of clearance of locally injected 99mtechnetium pertechnate and radioactive microsphere technique in dogs

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Krøyer, Kristian; Bülow, J; Nielsen, S L

    1990-01-01

    The blood flow of the dog urinary bladder measured by radioactive microsphere technique was compared to the clearance of locally injected 99mTechnetium pertechnate (99mTc) in the bladder wall. In semilogarithmic plots the 99mTc washout curves showed a multiexponential course. From the initial...... slopes (median 5.7 min) the bladder blood flow was calculated to be only 30-62% of the results obtained from the radioactive microsphere technique (blood flow in the muscular layer 21.7-44.8 ml/100 g/min). These lower values imply that the rate of removal of the hydrophilic tracer 99mTc at these flow...... blood flow....

  4. /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate uptake in the thyroid measured with a scintillation camera: a parameter of thyroid function. [/sup 131/I

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sokole, E.B.; van der Schoot, J.B.; Alberts, C.

    1975-01-01

    A /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate thyroid uptake procedure, using a scintillation camera and a data storage system, is described. After comparison of extrathyroidal activity in several regions below the thyroid, activity in the clavicular regions was preferred for correction of the thyroid uptake measurement. No pertechnetate uptake curve obtained over the initial 15 min after injection was found to be representative of a specific thyroid function, and regional thyroid uptake curves gave only quantitative differences. The 15-min pertechnetate thyroid uptake measurement, with correction for clavicular extrathyroidal activity, correlates well with /sup 131/I uptake and is a good parameter of thyroid function, especially in the distinction of euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

  5. Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and MTC-subtraction: enhancement of cartilage lesions and intracartilaginous degeneration in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vahlensieck, M.; Dombrowski, F.; Leutner, C.; Wagner, U.; Reiser, M.

    1994-01-01

    Human articular cartilage from 16 cadaveric or amputated knees was studied using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on-resonance magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and MTC-subtraction MRI. Results were compared with subsequent macroscopic and histopathological findings. MTC-subtraction and T2-weighted spin-echo images visualized cartilaginous surface defects with high sensitivity and specificity. MTC and T2-weighted spin-echo images revealed intra-cartilaginous signal loss without surface defects in 80% of the cases, corresponding to an increased collagen concentration. It is concluded that MTC is sensitive to early cartilage degeneration and MTC-subtraction can be helpful in detecting cartilage defects. (orig.)

  6. Preparation of i.v. 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals from spent moly 99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noronha, O.P.D.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: Expiry dating is an important quality assurance precept in (radio) pharmacy. There are occasions when for the sake of patient service one may be forced to continue using an over aged source of 99 Mo to generate 99m Tc beyond 7d, especially when there is short/no supply of 99 Mo, (In the early days the expiry date was 3 d or 3 extractions, whichever one was earlier). With the passage of time a few physico-chemical changes (apart from decay) do occur in the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc milieu. The cocktail also begins to contain traces of carried over MEK which is subjected to strong β-, γ irradiation. These impurity (in trace amounts) is soluble in MEK and even, to an extent, in aqueous media. Furthermore, the concentrated impurity tends to seemingly increase in the bulk 99m TcO 4 - since one is compelled to leach TcO 4 - in lower volume of saline. On many occasions we have been constrained to extend the use of 99 Mo beyond 7 - 14 d. Adequate activities were obtained by pooling the previous week's lot of 99 Mo with the current over aged lot. On a few occasions over the past 26 years we have used 99 Mo much beyond 14 d and 2 - 3 occasions for 26 - 28 d (i.e. >10 t 1 /2 of 99 Mo). On each of these occasions the purity of 99m TcO- 4 was ascertained by pharmacopoeial procedures. It was found that despite depleting activities, the purity was not compromised and the trace impurities, even if present, did not cause any interference. We have profitably utilised the bulk TcO- 4 to formulate a variety of i.v. dosage forms of 99m Tc radiodiagnostics. The following strategy was adopted for the patient services - the agents requiring larger activity levels/patients dose were made available in the earlier period, the other during the latter half. It is concluded that pure 99m TcO- 4 can be obtained over the entire useful life-period of 99 Mo, even > 10t l/2

  7. Somatostatin analogues labelled with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obenaus, E.; Crudo, J.; Edreira, M.; Viaggi, M.; De Castiglia, S.G.

    2001-01-01

    The aim of the present work was to study the biological and radiochemical behaviour of two somatostatin analogues, the RC-160 and Tyr3Octreotide(TOC) peptides when labelling with 99m Tc by two methods: direct and indirect using S-benzoyl- mercaptoacetyl triglycine (MAG-3) and hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) as chelating agents. RC-160 was labelled with 125I (30% labelling yield) in order to examine its receptor specificity and to study the biodistribution in normal animals. A total binding of 30% and a non specific binding lower than 10% was obtained. On the other hand, the RC-160 was labelled with 99m Tc by a direct method (70% labelling yield), using sodium ascorbate and dithionite in order to reduce the peptide and 99m Tc, respectively. The synthesis of RC-160 with S-benzoyl MAG-3 and TOC with HYNIC, for labelling with 99m Tc are also described. The conjugates were prepared on a small scale and labelled with the radionuclide using tricine as co-ligands for HYNIC conjugates. Chromatographic studies were performed using HPLC system and radiochemical purities higher than 75% and 95% were obtained respectively. Biodistributions studies in normal Wistar rats were performed and results were correlated with chromatographic and protein binding properties. Lower lipophilicity of the labelled conjugates resulted in a higher renal excretion. HYNIC-TOC complex showed promising results when labelling with 99m Tc using tricine as co-ligand although higher stability should be found for ternary co-ligands compared to tricine. (author)

  8. Comparison of the biodistribution of gadolinium-153 DTPA and technetium-99m DTPA in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prato, F.S.; Wisenberg, G.; Marshall, T.P.; Uksik, P.; Zabel, P.

    1988-01-01

    Twenty-three mature Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were simultaneously injected with trace quantities of [153Gd]DTPA and [99mTc]DTPA and 0.5 mmol/kg of nonradioactive gadolinium DTPA. Rats were killed at 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 30 min after the intracardiac bolus injection. The heart, lungs, liver, brain, kidney, and blood were excised and counted in a well-counter to determine the amount of the injected material in each organ and blood. In order for the percent of total injected activity to be determined, a technique was developed which allowed discrimination of the 140 keV gamma-ray of 99mTc from sum peaks of 153Gd when the latter is counted in a well-counter with 4 pi geometry. Although the distribution of the two DTPA compounds was qualitatively similar, statistical analysis indicated that the amount of 99mTc deposited in the lungs was higher than 153Gd (p = 0.03), the amount of 99mTc deposited in the kidneys was lower than 153Gd (p = 0.0004) and the amount of 99mTc in the blood was higher than 153Gd (p = 0.0022). This may be due to the greater binding of [99mTc]DTPA or its minor impurities to plasma proteins

  9. New bisaminoethanethiol (BAT) ligands which form two interconvertible Tc-99m complexes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oya, Shunichi; Kung, Mei-Ping; Frederick, Dana; Kung, Hank F

    1995-08-01

    Most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals in diagnostic nuclear medicine are labeled with Tc-99m. This is due to its superior physical characteristics (T{sub (1(2))} = 6 h and gamma energy 140 KeV) and convenient availability from the {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99mm}Tc generator. In an attempt to fine tune the properties of Tc-99m complexes, the synthesis and radiolabeling of two novel N{sub 2}S{sub 2} ligands, N,-2-mercaptobenzyl-N'-(1-oxo-2-mercapto-2-methyl)propyl ethylenediamine,8, and N,-2-methylthiobenzyl-N'-(1-oxo-2-mercapto-2-methyl)propyl ethylenediamine, 11, with an ionizable SH or unionizable SMe group, respectively, for the formation of complexes with Tc{sup v}O center cores, have been examined. Both ligands initially formed one apparently stable, lipophilic and neutral complex (HPLC, Rt = 7 min, reverse-phase column, acetonitrile: buffer, pH 7.0; (55(45)); V/V; partition coefficient between 1-octanol and buffer of 410 and 335, respectively) with [{sup 99m}Tc]pertechnetate in the presence of stannous chloride. After treatment with a reducing agent, NaCNBH{sub 3}, the initial [{sup 99m}Tc]8 and 11 complexes were reduced; the reduced complexes were less lipophilic (shorter retention time, Rt = 5 min, on the same reversed phase HPLC). However, only the oxidized form showed sufficient stability. The reduced forms of both [{sup 99m}Tc]8 and 11 were readily and completely converted back to the oxidized forms by a stream of air. Biodistribution studies in rats demonstrated that the [{sup 99m}Tc]8 (oxidized form) penetrated the blood-brain barrier (0.67% dose/organ at 2 min postinjection), but washed out from the brain quickly (0.29% dose/organ at 30 min postinjection). On the contrary, [{sup 99m}Tc]11 (oxidized form) did not show any brain uptake (0.03% dose/organ at 2 min postinjection), despite its higher lipophilicity. The disparity between these two Tc-99m complexes may be related to the relative instability of [{sup 99m}Tc]11 (oxidized form) by the introduction of the

  10. Achalasia diagnosed by 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mikosch, P.; Gallowitsch, H.J.; Kresnik, E.; Lind, P.

    1997-01-01

    A 73-year-old patient presented a 99m Tc scintiscan with a focal tracer accumulation left and caudal of the thyroid gland. Further investigations with sonography, CT, esophagoscopy and barium swallow provided the diagnosis of achalasia as the reason for focal 99m Tc retention caudal of the thyroid gland. Explanation for 99m Tc accumulation within the esophagus may be the nonspecific accumulation of 99m Tc not only in the thyroid gland but also in the salivary glands. Excretion of the tracer follows with the saliva. Structural and motor disorders of the esophagus can thus lead to focal tracer retention within the esophagus simulating thyroid tissue. (orig.) [de

  11. Response of mouse foetus to radiation from Na sup(99m)TcO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lathrop, K.A.; Gloria, I.V.; Harper, P.V.

    1976-01-01

    Technetium has assumed ecological importance as a source of law-level radiation, with the use of sup(99m)Tc in nuclear medicine and production of sup(99m)Tc in power generation reactions. Technetium introduced as pertechnetate into the bloodstream of pregnant females is transported across the placental barrier to the foetus, where a portion appears to be incorporated into biomolecules. When combined as biomolecules, radionuclides that decay by electron capture or isomeric transition show a lethality greater than that predicted in cell cultures and radiation therapy. The decay of sup(99m)Tc by isomeric transition, together with the above considerations, places a high priority on the investigation of its radiation effects due to clinical doses of up to 25 mCi. Female mice were given daily intravenous injections of 0, 5, 50 and 500 μCi of sup(99m)Tc as pertechnetate in isotonic saline throughout gestation, gestation and lactation, or lactation. At two months of age, the progeny were mated with randomly selected litter mates to produce a second generation; the process was repeated for production of the third generation. Only the first generation was irradiated. An injection of 5 μCi/mouse and 10 mCi/human both approximately equal 0.2 μCi/g of body weight; however, the mouse foetus receives an estimated radiation dose of 0.05 rad, and the human 1 rad. Throughout the gestation period, a mouse at the 5 μCi level receives about 100 μCi of sup(99m)Tc, resulting in approximately 1 rad to the foetus. Significant reduction of body weight was noted in all experimental groups. The greatest effects were seen in the progeny of mothers treated during gestation only. These preliminary results reinforce the existing concern about use of sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate in pregnant or potentially pregnant subjects

  12. A freeze dried kit formulation for the preparation of {sup 99m} Tc labelled human polyclonal IgG for the detection of infection and inflammation; Desarrollo del nucleo equipo {sup 99m} Tc-IgG humana para la deteccion `In vivo` de procesos inflamatorios

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pedraza L, M

    1996-11-01

    A freeze dried kit formulation for the preparation of {sup 99m}Tc-labelled human polyclonal IgG for the detection of infection and inflammation employing direct methods for protein labeling was developed. The method comprises reduction of intrinsic disulphide bridges within the antibody molecule by the use of the reductant 2-mercaptoethanol. Following a subsequent purification, the resulting reduced antibody is labeled via Sn{sup 2+} reduction of pertechnetate in the presence of a weak competing ligand ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP). High labeling efficiencies (>90%) were obtained with high in vitro stability and without effect upon antibody immunoreactivity. Methods of analysis were also established permitting identification of radiochemical impurities which may be present in radiopharmaceutical solution. {sup 99m} Tc-polyclonal IgG prepared by the kit method was evaluated for scintigraphic localization of inflammatory lesions and abscesses in rabbits. Data demonstrated that the {sup 99m} Tc-polyclonal IgG after kit-reconstitution shows excellent stability and is an effective imaging agent of infection and/or inflammation. (Author).

  13. Thyroidal radioisotope uptake in euthyroid cats : a comparison between 131I and 99MTcO4

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Lambrechts

    1997-07-01

    Full Text Available Two thyroidal evaluation systems in euthyroid cats (n = 12 were compared. A single, confirmed hyperthyroid cat was included for interest. Firstly, thyroidal uptake of an intravenous bolus of approximately 111 MBq (3 mCi 99MTcO4- was estimated by using a scintillation camera and calculating the ratio of thyroid to salivary activities at 20 min and 4 h. Thyroid to salivary activity ratios were 1:1 at 20 min and 2:1 at 4 h. Two discrete areas of salivary uptake were identified, namely a parotid/mandibular complex and a more rostral buccal/sublingual complex. These results were compared to radioiodine uptake of an oral dose of approximately 0.925 MBq (25 mCi 131I using a standard thyroid uptake system, measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 h after administration. Mean radioiodine thyroidal uptake started at 33 % at 1 h, stabilised at 21 % between 4 and 24 h, and dropped to 18 % at 48 h. There was a significant correlation between the early thyroid:salivary ratio of the parotid/mandibular complex and the radioiodine uptake at 12 h.

  14. Study of methodologies for quality control of 99Mo used in 99Mo/99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Said, Daphne de Souza

    2016-01-01

    99m Tc is the most used radionuclide in nuclear medicine. In Brazil, the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators are exclusively produced by Radiopharmacy Center at IPEN-CNEN/ SP, by importing 99 Mo from different suppliers. 99 Mo (t 1/2 = 66 h) is a fission product of 235 U and it can have radionuclidic impurities that are prejudicial for human health. For safe use of generators, it is necessary to perform the evaluation of 99 Mo by quality control tests in order to assess if 99 Mo complies with the specifications. The European Pharmacopoeia (EP) presents a monograph for evaluation of the quality of the [ 99 Mo] solution as sodium molybdate,that is used as raw material for 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators production, including specification parameters (identification, radiochemical purity and radionuclidic purity), analysis methods and limits. However, it has been observed difficulties on the execution and implementation of these methods by the generators producers, with a few literature about this subject, probably due to complexity of the proposed methods. In this work, many quality control parameters of 99 Mo described in the EP monograph were evaluated. Separation methods for 99M o from its radionuclidic impurities by solid phase extraction (SPE) and TLC were studied. After SPE separation, the quantification of metals by ICP-OES to evaluate the percentage of retention of Mo and the percentage of recovery of Ru, Te and Sr using different types of cartridges were proposed, replacing radiotracers use. It was observed that the specific type of SPE cartridge recommended by the EP for separation of 99 Mo presented low recoveries for Ru, compared to other available anion exchange SPE cartridges. 99 Mo samples from different worldwide suppliers were analyzed. It was observed that quantification of 103 Ru in 99 Mo samples with decay time higher than 4 weeks is possible. An alternative method for separation of 131 I from 99 Mo showed promising results by TLC. The quantification of beta and

  15. 99Mo production for using in the nuclear medicine in 99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurenkov, N.V.; Chuvilin, D.Yu.

    1999-01-01

    The review of methods and advanced technologies for obtaining 99 Mo in nuclear reactors is presented. The 99 Mo isotope is used for preparing the 99m Tc generators, widely applied in nuclear medicine. The reactor method for obtaining 99 Mo is based on the 98 Mo(n, γ) 99 Mo radiation capture reaction and 235 U fission reaction under the effect of the 235 U (n, f) 99 Mo reaction. The results of studies on obtaining 99 Mo on the charged particles accelerators, mainly, on the proton beam and under the effect of photonuclear reaction is also described. The data on the 99 Mo real consumption and forecast for its application in different regions of the world from 1994 up to 2006 are presented [ru

  16. Development of 99mTc extraction techniques from 99Mo by (n,γ) reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kimura, Akihiro; Hori, Naohiko; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Ishihara, Masahiro; Yamabayashi, Hisamichi; Tanase, Masakazu; Fujisaki, Saburo; Sato, Yuichi

    2010-11-01

    Investigation of production method of 99 Mo by (n, γ) reaction, where the processing is relatively simple and generating less amount of radioactive waste, is conducted in the Neutron Irradiation and Testing Reactor Center. The 99 Mo is adsorbed to highly efficient adsorbent PZC after neutron irradiation and 99m Tc is eluted. However, radioactivity concentration of the 99m Tc solution obtained from PZC column loaded with 99 Mo derived by (n, γ) method is lower than that obtained from alumina column with 99 Mo by (n, f) method due to extremely low specific activity of (n, f) 99 Mo. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technique for increasing the amount of 99 Mo and the 99m Tc solution of high radioactivity concentration (minimum: 1Ci/ cm 3 ). In this study, the preliminary fabrication tests using high density MoO 3 pellets were carried out to increase the production of 99 Mo. The method of concentrating 99m Tc solution through solvent extraction with MEK was investigated and a device for this concentration process was also developed. In the preliminary tests of the MoO 3 pellets, the pellets having high density were successfully fabricated by the SPS method. Additionally, it was ascertained that the pellets can be dissolved with 6M-NaOH solution completely. The test for 99 Mo adsorption followed by 99m Tc elution using PZC was carried out. As the result, amount of Mo adsorbed to 1g-PZC was about 250mg, and 99m Tc yield was about 80%. In the concentration test using Re solution instead of 99m Tc solution, it was ascertained that the concentration efficiency is higher than 80% of the theoretical value. A concentration device for 99m Tc solution could be realized based on the method employed in the present experiments. The outcomes of development of 99m Tc extraction techniques from 99 Mo by (n,γ) reaction was reviewed in this paper, and the contents were presented in the 3rd International Symposium on Material Test Reactors. (author)

  17. The risk analysis used to manufacture 99Mo/99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fano Machín, Yoiz; Alberti Ramírez, Alejandro; Gamboa Marrero, Regla; Suárez Beyríes, Karina; Cruz Morales, Amed

    2016-01-01

    In this work the steps to be followed for the risk analysis in the process of production of 99 Mo / 99m Tc generators in CENTIS, using the methodology of analysis of modes and effects of failures are collected. The analysis of the type and probability of occurrence of the failures in the process, as well as the impact on the quality of the same and the probability of detection of such failures, were used for the use of techniques used in quality assurance such as: storm Ideas and cause-effect diagram. Scales were established for the determination of severity, probability of occurrence, probability of detection and calculation of the number of risk probabilities. The guidelines were laid down for the future application of this technique, which will establish a decision-making process regarding the risks associated with the production process of 99 Mo / 99m Tc generators. (author)

  18. Evaluating microvascular obstruction after acute myocardial infarction using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 201-thallium and 99m-technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Onishi, Takayuki; Kobayashi, Isshi; Onishi, Yuko; Kawashima, Tomoyuki; Muramoto, Hirotaka; Nakamura, Hiroaki; Nagata, Yasutoshi; Umezawa, Shigeo; Niwa, Akihiro

    2010-01-01

    Few studies have compared the ability of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with that of scintigraphy using 201-thallium (201-Tl) and 99m-technetium pyrophosphate (99m-Tc PYP) to evaluate microvascular obstructions (MOs). In the present study the relationship between the scintigraphic and CMR characteristics of MOs after acute myocardial infarction (MI) was examined. The 14 patients (age 69±8 years, 11 males) underwent 201-Tl/99m-Tc PYP single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 7±3 days, initial CMR 16±12 days, and follow-up CMR 193±20 days after a reperfused first acute MI. Each image was analyzed using a 17-segment model. Segmental extent of delayed enhancement (DE), wall motion (WM) and degree of 201-Tl uptake were scored in 238 segments. Of 91 MI segments, MO was recognized in 22 (25%) segments on CMR. WM was significantly better in proportion to 201-Tl uptake (P=0.01) in MO segments. All 8 MO segments with WM improvement at follow-up had 99m-Tc PYP uptake, although only 3 (21%) of 14 MO segments that did not show WM improvement at follow-up had 99m-Tc PYP uptake (P=0.001). 99m-Tc PYP and 201-Tl scintigraphy have the potential to predict WM status and improvement of the MO region after reperfused acute MI. (author)

  19. Prediction of remission in Graves` disease treated with long-term carbimazole therapy: evaluation of technetium-99m thyroid uptake and TSH concentrations as prognostic indicators

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Prakash, R. [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Batra Hospital, New Delhi (India)

    1996-02-01

    Computerized technetium-99m thyroid uptake and thyrotropin (TSH) estimation using a sensitive immunoradiometric assay were performed at presentation and following completion of an 18-month course of antithyroid drug therapy in 45 patients with Graves` disease. All patients had increased {sup 99m}Tc thyroid uptake and subnormal TSH levels before the start of treatment. Twentytwo patients developed recurrent hyperthyroidism in a 3-year follow-up period. Of the 22 patients with relapse, 20 had had a persistently increased {sup 99m}Tc thyroid uptake at the end of the course of carbimazole treatment, whereas TSH had remained subnormal in 18 of the 22. All 23 patients who remained in remission until the end of the 3-year follow-up had had normal {sup 99m}Tc thyroid uptake following completion of antihyroid drug treatment. TSH levels had reverted to normal in 19 cases, but remained subnormal in four cases in this group at the end of treatment. The results suggest a high likelihood of relapse in patients who have persistently increased {sup 99m}Tc thyroid uptake and subnormal TSH after a full course of carbimazole treatment. Patients whose {sup 99m}Tc thyroid uptake and TSH levels have reverted to normal are likely to stay in long-term remission. Assessment of {sup 99m}Tc thyroid uptake and TSH levels following completion of carbimazole therapy for Graves` disease offers useful information regarding long-term prognosis. (orig.)

  20. Evaluation of Tc-99m leukocyte scan in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Butler, J.A.; Marcus, C.S.; Henneman, P.L.; Inkelis, S.H.; Wilson, S.E.

    1987-01-01

    A new /sup 99m/Tc Microlite leukocyte scan was performed in 38 patients to assess its value in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Autologous leukocytes are labeled with /sup 99m/Tc by inducing phagocytosis of /sup 99m/Tc albumin microcolloid particles. The advantages of this test over the standard indium-111 scan include superior imaging capability, a marked reduction (greater than 75%) in the radiation dose, and performance of the test including labeling, in less than 3 hr. Imaging is performed at 5-90 min postinjection of labeled cells. There were 19 male and 19 female patients with ages ranging from 10 to 80 years, in whom the diagnosis of appendicitis was indeterminate on clinical examination. Of the 13 of the 38 patients (34%) who came to surgery 12 had acute appendicitis. The WBC scan correctly identified 10 of the 12 cases of appendicitis. There were two false-negative studies. In the nonoperative group of 25 patients admitted for observation, 21 studies were reported as negative and four identified other sites of inflammation. All patients with a negative study have remained asymptomatic on follow-up. With a sensitivity of 83% (10/12) and a specificity of 100% (26/26) the /sup 99m/Tc leukocyte scan provides a rapid and highly accurate method for diagnosis of appendicitis in this preliminary study of patients with equivocal clinical exams

  1. Ligand-protein conjugated quantification assay by UV spectrophotometry in 99mTc indirect labeling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Basualdo, Daniel A.; Rabiller, Graciela; Poch, Carolina; El Tamer, Elias A.

    2009-01-01

    Objective: Quantify IgG-HYNIC conjugated for obtaining substitution ratio and as a chemical quality control for 99m Tc labeling of this immunoglobulin. Introduction: The Operational Guidance on Hospital Radiopharmacy by IAEA states that the procedures performed in a Radiopharmacy Laboratory fall into three operational levels. At present, Nuclear Medicine Centre of 'Hospital de Clinicas' has an operational level 2b which requires the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals from approved reagent kits and radionuclide generators, and labeling of autologous blood cells. Centre's goal is to reach an operational level 3a, which allows us to compounding radiopharmaceuticals from drugs and radionuclides for diagnosis; modification to existing commercial kits; related research and development. In approach of that goal, we addressed the optimization of conjugation of proteins and peptides with S-HYNIC so as to bring about the procedures involved. In this work, was conjugated nonspecific polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) with S-HYNIC. Our interest was focused in calculate how many HYNIC groups were incorporated per IgG molecule so that in later stages can be obtained a correlate with labeling efficiency. Materials and methods: A sample of IgG-HYNIC conjugate of 0.2 ml was diluted in 4 ml of benzaldehyde o-sulfonic acid (1 mg / ml, 0.1 M NaAc, pH 4.7). The reaction was incubated at room temperature overnight in darkness. As a negative control took 0.2 ml of IgG-HYNIC conjugate in 4 ml of NaAc buffer 0.1 M. 3 ml of benzaldehyde o-sulfonic acid (1 mg / ml 0.1 M NaAc, pH 4.7) was used as blank. The absorption of the hydrazone was read at 343 nm. The hydrazine concentration was calculated using a molar extinction coefficient ε (343 nm) 17000 M-1cm-1. Results: Molar substitution ratio (MSR) was calculated. The MSR indicates the number of HYNIC groups incorporated in the IgG-HYNIC conjugate determined by the spectrophotometric assay. Conclusions: In labeling with a bifunctional

  2. Response of the mouse fetus to radiation from Na/sup 99m/TcO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lathrop, K.A.; Gloria, I.V.; Harper, P.V.

    1975-01-01

    The element technetium has recently assumed ecological importance as a source of low-level radiation, with the use of /sup 99m/Tc in nuclear medicine and production of /sup 99m/Tc during generation of electricity by nuclear reaction. When technetium is introduced as pertechnetate into the blood stream of pregnant females, it is transported across the placental barrier to the fetus, where a portion appears to be incorporated into biomolecules. When combined as biomolecules, radionuclides that decay by electron capture or isomeric transition show a lethality greater than that predicted in cell cultures and radiation therapy. The decay of /sup 99m/Tc by isomeric transition, together with the other considerations, places a high priority on the investigation of its radiation effects due to clinical doses of up to 25 mCi. Female mice were given daily i.v. injections of 0, 5, 50, and 500 μ Ci of /sup 99m/Tc as pertechnetate in isotonic saline throughout gestation, gestation and lactation, or lactation. At two months of age, the progeny were mated with randomly selected litter mates to produce a second generation; the process was repeated with their progeny for production of the third generation.Preliminary results reinforce the existing concern about use of /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate in pregnant or potentially pregnant subjects

  3. Clearance of sup(99m)Tc-diisopropyl-IDA in the steady state

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karimeddini, M K; Vogler, M A; Spencer, R P

    1984-10-01

    A 77-year-old man with a stent in lace for biliary drainage was examined. Intravenously administered sup(99m)Tc-diisopropyl-IDA showed little accumulation of activity in the abdomen while the stent was draining internally. Upon switching the stent to external drainage, it was possible to monitor the slow movement of the bile which contained radioactivity. Imaging over the liver and comparing activity changes with a sup(99a)Tc standard showed that the decrease in hepatic radioactivity was identical to that occurring in the sup(99m)Tc standard. The liver was thus in a ''steady state'' for excretion of the sup(99m)Tc hepatobiliary agent, for it was extracting as much radioactivity from the circulation as it was excreting.

  4. Production and clinical evaluation of 99mTc-octreotide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fettich, J.; Kolenc-Peitl, P.

    2004-01-01

    Full text: Due to advantages of 99m-Tc labelled radiopharmaceuticals we examined the feasibility of producing 99m-Tcoctreotide in our laboratory and compare the results with 111-In-octreotide in the same patients. Keeping constant amount of components without exceeding amount of the peptide used, preparation of 99m-Tc-ethylendiaminediacetic- acidhydrazinonicotinamide-D-Phe1,Tyr3-octreotide (99m-Tc EDDA/HYNIC-TOC) was achieved. Radiochemical purity was tested using high-pressure liquid chromatography for 24 hours. In vitro stability testing of the product showed that radiochemical purity remained above 95% for 24 hours and the radiopharmaceutical was found suitable for human use. 5 - 10 μg of the peptide labelled with 550-650 MBq of 99m-Tc was prepared for each patient. 32 patients with clinically suspicious or confirmed carcinoid were investigated with 550 - 650 MBq 99m-Tcoctreotide prepared in our laboratory followed by 110 MBq 111-In-octreotide (Octreoscan, Mallinkrodt). Whole body scintigraphy and abdominal SPECT were performed 4 and 20 hrs after injection of respective radiopharmaceutical. In all patients both studies were acquired within 5 days. All patients gave informed consent for the study as required by Ethics committee. No abnormal tracer uptake was seen anywhere in the body in 12 patient with either of the radiopharmaceuticals. These were used to assess normal distribution of both radiopharmaceuticals. Normal accumulation was seen in case of both radiopharmaceuticals in the spleen, kidneys, liver and gallbladder. Biliary activity was seen in the gut in patients that were not well prepared for the study. There was significantly less activity seen in the kidneys in case of 99m-Tc-octreotide. This could be explained by higher hydrophilicity of the 99m-Tc-EDDA/HYNEC-TOC molecules as compared with 111-In-DTPA-octreotide. 20 patients with confirmed carcinoids showed abnormal uptake but without any difference in distribution of the two radiopharmaceuticals

  5. MIBI-99mTc mammary scintigraphy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mayosky, Maria C.; Parma, Elvira P.; Armesto, Amparo M.; Zarlenga, Ana C.; Cresta, Carlos; Azar, Maria E.; Noblia, Cristina

    1999-01-01

    121 patients suspected of breast cancer were studied with MIBI- 99m Tc to evaluate the suitability of the mammary scintigraphy in patients with doubtful cancer diagnosis.The results show 93 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity and indicate the usefulness of this procedure to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis

  6. Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxamamide-based tetradentate ligands as a new class of thiol-free chelating molecules for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu Lecun; Nakayama, Morio; Harada, Kumiko; Nakayama, Hitoshi; Tomiguchi, Seiji; Kojima, Akihiro; Takahashi, Mutsumasa; Arano, Yasushi

    1998-01-01

    Both N,N'-ethylene bis(benzohydroxamamide) [(C 2 (BHam) 2 )] and N,N'-propylene bis(benzohydroxamamide) [(C 3 (BHam) 2 )] were designed as new thiol-free chelating molecules for 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals. Synthetic procedures using oxadiazoline intermediates were developed for C 2 (BHam) 2 and C 3 (BHam) 2 . Both C 2 (BHam) 2 and C 3 (BHam) 2 formed 99m Tc complexes with high yields over a wide pH range (pH 3-12) at room temperature. Complexation yields of over 95% were achieved at ligand concentrations as low as 2.5 x 10 -6 M. Reversed-phase HPLC analyses indicated that both C 2 (BHam) 2 and C 3 (BHam) 2 formed 99m Tc complexes as single species with stabilities much higher than those of 99m Tc-BHam. Selective complex formation of 99m Tc with the two ligands was observed in the presence of human IgG. No decomposition with low protein binding were demonstrated when the two 99m Tc complexes were incubated in murine plasma. Although further structural studies are required, these findings implied that the Ham-based tetradentate ligands would serve as new chelating molecules for 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals

  7. An in vitro analysis of the effect of extracts of natural products (cauliflower and chayotte) on the labeling of lymphocytes with technetium-99m

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dire, G.F.; Correia, E.A.; Machado de Mattos, D.M.; Queiroz, M.T.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: Blood cells labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used in various procedures in nuclear medicine There are evidences that natural and synthetic drugs can affect the radiolabeling of blood cells with 99mTc. Once chayotte and cauliflower are used as food and also in folk medicine, we decided to evaluated the influence of crude extracts of these medicinal plants on the labeling of lymphocytes with 99mTc. Material and Methods: Blood withdrawn from Wistar rats was treated with histopac 1077, centrifuged and white cells were isolated and a preparation of lymphocytes was obtained. After that, 0.2mL this preparation of lymphocytes was incubated with 0.1 mL of the medicinal plant extracts recently prepared. A fresh solution of stannous chloride and 99mTc, as sodium pertechnetate, were added. After centrifugation the lymphocytes and the supernatant were separated and the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI) bound to the lymphocytes was determined. Results: The analysis of the results showed that there is not alterations in %ATI in lymphocytes treated with the cauliflower and chayotte extracts. Discussion: Although some authors have described that the chayotte and cauliflower extracts extracts are capable to induce lesions in isolated plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid, showing possible redox properties, these extracts are not capable to alter the labeling of lymphocytes with 99mTc. Conclusion: The studied natural products were not capable to induce sufficiently modifications in the medium and/or in the cells to alter the labeling of lymphocytes with 99mTc

  8. Somatostatine analogs marked with 99m-TC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obenaus, E; Crudo, J; Edreira, M; Castiglia, S.G. de

    2003-01-01

    The aim of the present work was to study the biological and radiochemical behaviour of two somatostatin analogues, the RC-160 and Tyr 3 Octreotide(TOC) peptides when labeling with 99m Tc by an indirect method using S-Benzoyl- mercaptoacetyl triglycine (MAG3) and hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC) as chelating agents. The synthesis of RC160 with S-Benzoyl MAG3 and TOC with HYNIC, for labeling with 99m Tc are also described. The conjugates were prepared on a small scale and labeled with the radionuclide using tricine as coligands for HYNIC conjugates. Chromatographic studies were performed using an HPLC system and radiochemical purities higher than 75% and 95% were obtained respectively. Biodistributions studies in normal Wistar rats were performed and results were correlated with chromatographic and protein binding properties. Lower lipophilicity of the labeled conjugates resulted in a higher renal excretion. HYNIC-TOC complex showed promising results when labeling with 99m Tc using tricine as coligand although higher stability should be found for ternary coligands compared to tricine (Au)

  9. Current status of production and supply of molybdenum-99 and 99Mo/99mTc generators in Indonesia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mutalib, A.

    2003-01-01

    Production of high-specific activity molybdenum-99 and 99 Mo/ 99m Tc Generators in Indonesia commenced when a new production facility supported by the presence of a 30 MW multipurpose reactor (RSG-GAS) was established in Serpong in 1990. This report describes the current production and supply of molybdenum-99m devoted mainly to fulfill the domestic demands in supplying 99 Mo/ 99m Tc Generators. Recent development on the use of LEU (Low Enriched Uranium) targets for replacing current HEU (High Enriched Uranium) targets in the production of 99 Mo will be reviewed briefly. (author)

  10. Development and evaluation of electro chemical methods for the separation of Tc-99m labelled compounds of medical importance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mani, R.S.

    1978-03-01

    The preparation of sup(99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals using the electrolytic reduction of sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate was investigated. The effect of current intensity, amount of current, pH and applied voltage on the reduction of the Tc-VII and its incorporation into the radiopharmaceuticals was evaluated. The results indicate that the electrolytic method gives high and reproducible labelling yields and compounds with good radiochemical purity. Procedures for the preparation and control of the following sup(99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals were standardized by the authors: Tc-tin colloid, Tc-red blood cells, Tc-HSA, Tc-albumin microspheres, Tc-EHDP, Tc-gluconate and Tc-glucoheptonate. A portable electrolytic labelling instrument was designed for use in hospitals

  11. Revision: quality control of 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alves, S.M.; Kabad, M.C.; Teixeira, G.J.; Sousa, C H.S.

    2015-01-01

    The radiopharmaceutical most commonly used in nuclear medicine is technetium-99m. Radiopharmaceuticals labeled with 99m Tc are the main agents for diagnosis, being used in the vast majority of procedures due to radionuclide characteristics. During its preparation impurities can be generated that make products with different qualities of the desired. In this paper were presented some of the factors that can interfere with radiopharmaceuticals and the tests used for quality assurance, certifying that the product is fit for purpose. It is up to nuclear medicine centers deploy a program to raise the quality of exams and increase patient safety. (author)

  12. 99mTc labeling of carbon nanomaterials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chu Ying; Li Qingnuan; Li Wenxin; Li Yufeng; Zhang Xiaoyong

    2008-01-01

    The effects of experimental conditions on preparation of 99m Tc-labeled carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon blacks by SnCl 2 were investigated. At given conditions the labeling yields were over 90%. In a culture medium, the radiochemical purity of the labeling compounds kept (86 ± 4)% within 2.5 h. The 99m Tc-labeled MWNTs and NCBs obtained in this work meet satisfactory experimental demands for study of cellular uptake and toxicity. The experiments showed that labeling process was based on physical adsorption of low valent technetium resulted from reduction reaction on the surface of the carbon nanomaterials. (authors)

  13. Comparison of activity measurements of 131I and 99mTc radionuclides administered in nuclear medicine services of Porto Alegre

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alabarse, Frederico Gil.; Santos, Carlos Eduardo Lima dos

    2005-01-01

    A programme for the comparison of activity measurements of radionuclides administered to patients in Nuclear Medicine Services, for the purpose of diagnosis or therapy, is being conducted under the coordination of the Radioprotection and Dosimetry Institute of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, IRD/CNEN. In the present work, measurements of the activity of samples of 131 I and 99 mTc were conducted in the dose calibrators of the Nuclear Medicine Services of the city of Porto Alegre, in the period from June to September 2004. The results were analysed to evaluate the compliance with the Brazilian regulation and were also compared to data available in the literature for the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Brasilia. The performance of the activity meters in Porto Alegre is shown to be very good, which contributes to the radiological protection of patients submitted to diagnosis or therapy with radiopharmaceuticals. (author)

  14. Performance tests on new chromatographic material for 99Mo-99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sombrito, Elvira Z.; Bulos, Adelina D.M.

    2004-01-01

    Technetium-99m continues to be the main workhorse of nuclear medicine in the Philippines. Almost 13TBq of 99m Tc was imported to the country in 2002 supplied as 99m Tc- 99 Mo generators. These generators make use of fission molybdenum adsorbed onto an alumina column. Problems associated with the alumina chromatographic generators arise due to safety and economic issues that would be remedied by gel-type generators using low specific activity reactor-produced molybdenum-99 adsorbed on a high capacity gel column material. The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) exerted efforts in this direction by developing a gel-type column, which showed satisfactory molybdenum adsorptive capacity. Likewise, Kaken Co. in Japan in cooperation with Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) developed a dried form of a gel-type polyzirconium compound (PZC). It is a ready-to-use high molybdenum capacity column material for adsorbing reactor-produced molybedum-99. The performance of this material is being tested under the framework of the FNCA project on Research Reactor Utilization. Performance tests on four batches of PZC were performed using fission molybdenum eluted from a 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator. A total of 3.3 GBq 99 Mo was extracted from an alumina column of a commercial generator and mixed with carrier molybdenum solution. About 0.67 GBq was loaded into each of the 12 x 90 mm column. One batch was prepared and distributed in 1999 and tests showed very poor elution yield of 30%. Three recent batches of PZC (2002) gave elution yields of 71% (Range of 69-75). The adsorptive capacity is 99% with about 4% desorption rate. Elution volume is at 5-6 ml. Daily elution for five days gave from 1.6 to 5.5% variability. The tests were performed all at the same time and a trend of improving elution yield and consistency of daily elution yield was observed with the time of testing nearer to the sample preparation date. X-ray diffraction analysis showed an amorphous structure for

  15. 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy to stage liver fibrosis and evaluate reversal after fibrotic stimulus withdrawn

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Xin; Guo, Qiyong; Shi, Yu; Xu, Weina; Yu, Shupeng; Yang, Zhiguang; Cao, Li; Liu, Changping; Zhao, Zhoushe; Xin, Jun

    2017-01-01

    Objective: Scintigraphy using 99mTc-3PRGD2 targeting integrin αvβ3 could assess activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Liver fibrogenesis is intimately associated with activation of HSCs, and the fibrolytic process is accompanied by the reduction of the activated HSCs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of this method to assess the severity of liver fibrosis and the reversal after the fibrotic stimulus withdrawal. Methods: Liver fibrosis of different stages was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) injection for 2, 4 and 6 weeks (n = 6 for each time point). Another 6 rats with 8-week TAA administration (the 8-week group) and 6 rats which were injected with TAA for 6 weeks, and then withdrawn of TAA for 2 weeks (spontaneous recovery rats, SRR) were designed. The ratios of radioactivity detected in the liver vs. the heart at 30 min post-injection of 99m Tc-3PRGD2 (L/H30 min ), the collagen proportionate area (CPA), the protein and mRNA levels of integrin α v , integrin β 3 were analyzed and compared among groups. Results: The Ishak stage scores of the livers in the control and 2, 4, 6-week groups increased when the TAA administration period was extended. L/H30 min increased with the upgrading of liver fibrosis and the differences between each pair of groups were statistically significant (p 30 min in the 8-week group was similar to that in the 6-week group (p > 0.05), but was significantly higher than that in the SRR group (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Scintigraphy using 99m Tc-3PRGD2 may provide a non-invasive method for grading liver fibrosis and assessing liver fibrosis reversal.

  16. Use of {sup 99m}Tc-Mononuclear Leukocyte Scintigraphy in Nosocomial Fever

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gutfilen, B.; Lopes de Souza, S.A.; Martins, F.P.P.; Cardoso, L.R.; Pinheiro Pessoa, M.C.; Fonseca, L.M.B. [Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Dept. de Radiologia

    2006-09-15

    Purpose: To determine the overall diagnostic accuracy of mononuclear leukocyte-{sup 99m}Tc scintigraphy in the routine detection of infectious lesions and fever of unknown origin (FUO) in inpatients. Material and Methods: The use of mononuclear leukocyte {sup 99m}Tc scintigraphy is presented in 87 patients who fulfilled the Durack and Street diagnostic criteria of nosocomial FUO; 66 patients were suspected of having infectious lesions (myocarditis, endocarditis, infected catheters, diabetic foot, and osteomyelitis) and 21 patients presented with unknown causes of FUO. Scans were carried out 1, 3, and 24 h after injection of labeled leukocytes. Results: In three cases (3/27) where scintigraphs were negative, biopsies were positive. There were two (2/87) false-positive scintigrams. We found a 95.8% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity. PPV was 93.8%, PPN 94.7%, and accuracy 94.2%. Conclusion: Mononuclear leukocyte {sup 99m}Tc scintigraphy showed high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in patients with nosocomial FUO. These results suggest an important role for nuclear medicine in the management of patients with infection/inflammation.

  17. Functional studies of the oesophagus with sulfur-colloid of sup(99m)Tc and gamma-camera

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Veiga-Fernandes, F.; Costa, P.M.; Pinheiro, M.F.; Guerreiro, D.

    1982-01-01

    A scintiscanning technique which allows sequential detection and quantification of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER), and study of the oesophageal emptying of a liquid and semi-solid food is presented. At first patients swallowed 5 ml of water containing 1 mCi sup(99m)Tc sulfur-colloid and oesophageal activity is recorded from an anterior view by a gamma-camera. Then, patients ingest 300 ml of water that clear the oesophagus and fill up the stomach. GER index is calculated according to the formula GER = (Ae - Ab)/Ag) x 100, where Ae is the activity in the oesophagus; Ab, is the background activity; and Ag is the gastric activity. GER index presented corresponds to a median of three determinations in upright, supine and supine position with abdominal pressure of 4 kilos. The oesophageal transit time of a semi-solid food in upright and supine position is registered 5 minutes after GER studies through two areas of interest which are positioned: one in the superior third and the other in the inferior third of the oesophagus. Normal GER reflux index was, 0.84 +- 0.37 in the upright position; 0.87 +- 0.43 in the supine position; and 0.90 +- 0.56 in the supine position plus abdominal pressure

  18. Labeling and stability of radiolabeled antibody fragments by a direct 99mTc-labeling method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pak, K.Y.; Nedelman, M.A.; Tam, S.H.; Wilson, E.; Daddona, P.E.

    1992-01-01

    The in vitro labeling and stability of 99m Tc-labeled antibody Fab' fragments prepared by a direct labeling technique were evaluated. Eight antibody fragments derived from murine IgG1 (N = 5), IgG2a (N = 2) and IgG3 (N = 1) isotypes were labeled with a preformed 99m Tc-D-glucarate complex. No loss of radioactivity incorporation was observed for all the 99m Tc-labeled antibody fragments after 24 h incubation at 37 o C. 99m Tc-labeled antibody fragments (IgG1, N = 2; IgG2a, n = 2; IgG3, N = 1) were stable upon challenge with DTPA, EDTA or acidic pH. Using the affinity chromatography technique, two of the 99m Tc-labeled antibody fragments displayed no loss of immunoreactivity after prolonged incubation in phosphate buffer up to 24 h at 37 o C. Bonding between 99m Tc and antibody fragments was elucidated by challenging with a diamide ditholate (N 2 S 2 ) compound. The Fab' with IgG2a isotype displayed tighter binding to 99m Tc in comparison to Fab' from IgG1 and IgG3 isotype in N 2 S 2 challenge and incubation with human plasma. The in vivo biodistribution of five 99m Tc-labeled fragments were evaluated in normal mice. (Author)

  19. Consequences of the magnetic field, sonic and radiofrequency waves and intense pulsed light on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Meyer, Patricia Froes; Costa, Iris do Ceu Clara; Brandao-Neto, Jose; Medeiros, Aldo da Cunha [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias da Saude; Santos-Filho, Sebastiao David; Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca; Bernardo-Filho, Mario [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes. Lab. de Radiofarmacia Experimental; Ariel Ronzio, Oscar [Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Bonelli, Ludmila [Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

    2007-09-15

    Sources of magnetic field, radiofrequency and audible sonic waves and pulsed light have been used in physiotherapy to treat different disorders. In nuclear medicine, blood constituents(Bl-Co) are labeled with technetium-99m ({sup 99m}Tc) are used. This study evaluated the consequences of magnetic field, radiofrequency and audible sonic waves and intense pulsed light sources on the labeling of Bl-Co with {sup 99m}Tc. Blood from Wistar rats was exposed to the cited sources. The labeling of Bl-Co with {sup 99m}Tc was performed. Blood not exposed to the physical agents was used(controls). Data showed that the exposure to the different studied sources did not alter significantly (p>0.05) the labeling of Bl-Co. Although the results were obtained with animals, the data suggest that no alteration on examinations performed with Bl-Co labeled with {sup 99m}Tc after exposition to the cited agents. The biological consequences associated with these agents would be not capable to interfere with some properties of the Bl-Co. (author)

  20. [Situation of supply and boom of PET imaging: what is the future for technetium-99m in nuclear medicine?].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maia, S; Ayachi Hatit, N; Paycha, F

    2011-05-01

    Molecular imaging has shown its interest in the diagnosis, staging and therapy monitoring of many diseases, especially in the field of cancer. This imaging modality can detect non-invasively early molecular changes specific to these diseases. Its expansion includes two aspects linked firstly with the advanced techniques of imaging modalities and secondly with the development of tracers as radio pharmaceuticals for imaging new molecular targets. Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), because of its physical characteristics, its widespread availability and low cost, is the most used radionuclide in molecular imaging with the technique of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nevertheless, the current difficulty concerning the supply and the great interest of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the "competitor" imaging modality-using molecules labelled with fluorine-18 ((18)F), legitimates the question about the future of (99m)Tc, its supremacy and the emergence of new tracer labelled with (99m)Tc. Focusing on the actual and future supply situation, the place of SPECT imaging in nuclear medicine, as well as the development of new molecules labelled with (99m)Tc is necessary to show that this radionuclide will remain essential for the speciality in the next years. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  1. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kubo, A; Isobe, Y; Kobayashi, T; (Keio Univ., Tokyo (Japan). School of Medicine); Kinoshita, Fumio; Shibata, Masayoshi

    1975-03-01

    /sup 198/Au-colloid has been widely used for liver scanning in Japan but it is not the best scanning agent because of the large exposure dose to the patient. The authors performed a few basic experiments with sup(99m)Tc-phytate, the preparation of which is very easy. The labeling efficiency was found to be 97.5% immediately after preparation and it remained fairly stable for a period of time. As a result, the compound can be used up to 6 hours after preparation without fear of chemical instability. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate was done on 116 patients and was compared with /sup 198/Au-colloid liver-scanning. Scans made with sup(99m)Tc were found to be superior to those made with /sup 198/Au in the resolution of surface defects in the liver, while at increasing depths the resolution with sup(99m)Tc dropped rapidly, apparently due to absorption of its relatively low energy photon. This indicates the importance of taking multidirectional views. The degrees of splenic concentration of sup(99m)Tc-phytate were fairly close to those of /sup 198/Au-colloid. Therefore, liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate is useful in the diagnostic evaluation of diffuse parenchymal liver disease.

  2. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kubo, Atsushi; Isobe, Yoshinori; Kobayashi, Takeshi; Kinoshita, Fumio; Shibata, Masayoshi.

    1975-01-01

    198 Au-colloid has been widely used for liver scanning in Japan but it is not the best scanning agent because of the large exposure dose to the patient. The authors performed a few basic experiments with sup(99m)Tc-phytate, the preparation of which is very easy. The labeling efficiency was found to be 97.5% immediately after preparation and it remained fairly stable for a period of time. As a result, the compound can be used up to 6 hours after preparation without fear of chemical instability. Liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate was done on 116 patients and was compared with 198 Au-colloid liver-scanning. Scans made with sup(99m)Tc were found to be superior to those made with 198 Au in the resolution of surface defects in the liver, while at increasing depths the resolution with sup(99m)Tc dropped rapidly, apparently due to absorption of its relatively low energy photon. This indicates the importance of taking multidirectional views. The degrees of splenic concentration of sup(99m)Tc-phytate were fairly close to those of 198 Au-colloid. Therefore, liver scanning with sup(99m)Tc-phytate is useful in the diagnostic evaluation of diffuse parenchymal liver disease. (auth.)

  3. Impact of Gate 99mTc DTPA GFR, Serum Creatinine and Urea in Diagnosis of Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miftari, Rame; Nura, Adem; Topçiu-Shufta, Valdete; Miftari, Valon; Murseli, Arbenita; Haxhibeqiri, Valdete

    2017-01-01

    Aim: The aim of this study was determination of validity of 99mTcDTPA estimation of GFR for early detection of chronic kidney failure Material and methods: There were 110 patients (54 males and 56 females) with kidney disease referred for evaluation of renal function at UCC of Kosovo. All patients were included in two groups. In the first group were included 30 patients confirmed with renal failure, whereas in the second group were included 80 patients with other renal disease. In study were included only patients with ready results of creatinine, urea and glucose in the blood serum. For estimation of GFR we have used the Gate GFR DTPA method. The statistical data processing was conducted using statistical methods such as arithmetic average, the student t-test, percentage or rate, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the test. Results: The average age of all patients was 36 years old. The average age of female was 37 whereas of male 35. Patients with renal failure was significantly older than patients with other renal disease (p<0.005). Renal failure was found in 30 patients (27.27%). The concentration of urea and creatinine in blood serum of patients with renal failure were significantly higher than in patients with other renal disease (P< 0.00001). GFR in patients with renal failure were significantly lower than in patients with other renal disease, 51.75 ml/min (p<0.00001). Sensitivity of uremia and creatininemia for detection of renal failure were 83.33%, whereas sensitivity of 99mTcDTPA GFR was 100%. Specificity of uraemia and creatininemia were 63% whereas specificity of 99mTcDTPA GFR was 47.5%. Diagnostic accuracy of blood urea and creatinine in detecting of renal failure were 69%, whereas diagnostic accuracy of 99mTcDTPA GFR was 61.8%. Conclusion: Gate 99mTc DTPA scintigraphy in collaboration with biochemical tests are very sensitive methods for early detection of patients with chronic renal failure. PMID:28883673

  4. Scintigraphic disagreement in the study of thyroid nodules using technetium 99m and iodine 131

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Planchon, C.A.

    1977-01-01

    116 patients with thyroid nodules, iso or hyperfixing, heterogeneous or scintigraphically indistinct after administration of pertechnetate 99mTc, were systematically re-examined with iodine 131. The results of this study are as follows: 1) 99mTc, while its advantages justify its extensive application, is an imperfect tracer and cannot replace iodine 131 altogether. In fact in 12% of the cases the results were conflicting. 2) The technological conditions may sometimes be to blame but the hypothesis of a special metabolic behavior of the nodule examined seems plausible in certain cases of disagreement (blocking of hormone synthesis and escape of non-hormonal iodine). 3) These observations correspond to no particular anatomo-clinical factors. The legitimate conclusion therefore is that the exclusive use of 99mTc could result in failure to recognise a non-functional nodule (1 case in about 10), a possibility not to be neglected because of the risk of cancer [fr

  5. Influence of some drugs, used in coronary artery disease on in vitro labelling red blood cells with technetium {sup 99m}Tc; Wplyw wybranych lekow, stosowanych w chorobie niedokrwiennej serca na wiazanie technetu {sup 99m}Tc przez erytrocyty in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Poniatowicz-Frasunek, E. [Katedra i Zaklad Medycyny Nuklearnej, Akademia Medyczna, Lublin (Poland)

    1997-12-31

    In some patients investigated by radionuclide ventriculography poor labeling efficiency of red blood cells with technetium {sup 99m}Tc is observed. Among possible mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, the pharmacological treatment applied to the patients should be taken into consideration. The aim of the study was to define the effect of selected drugs used in CAD on technetium binding efficiency by erythrocytes in vitro. Blood samples were obtained from 40 normal individuals receiving no medication. The effect of the following drugs were examined: Aerosonit, Isoptin, Bemecor, Dopegyt, Enarenal, Binazin, Furosemid, Aspirin, Vitamin E and Propranolol. Only Enarenal and Vitamin E proved to have no effect on technetium binding efficiency. The most expressed reduction was observed in experiments with Aerosonit, Furosemid and Propranolol and the smallest changes were found in blood samples with Bemecor, Binazin and Aspirin. The results of the study suggest that pharmacological treatment may influence the quality of scintigraphic images obtained with radioisotope ventriculography. For that reason the medicines applied to the patients should be as much as possible reduced or withdrawn for at least several days before examination. (author) 23 refs, 4 figs, 2 tabs

  6. Study of the elution 99Mo-99mTc generators produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, Paula Regina Corain; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

    2007-01-01

    Over the last years 99m Tc has become a very important asset in modern nuclear medicine, due to the emission of gamma ray of optimal energy (140 keV) and a suitable half-life (6.04 h). A further attribute of 99m Tc is its formation from the decay of 99 Mo and the availability from 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator systems. The most common and practical generator types consist of a chromatographic column packed with aluminium oxide, onto which the highly purified fission product 99 Mo (imported from Canada) is adsorbed in the form of molybdate. 99m Tc is further eluted with saline solution. The objective of this work is to study the performance and the elution profile of 99m Tc from high activity generators in order to decrease molybdenum and aluminium concentration. The experiments involved the use of paper filters and Sep Pak columns and also the changing in the time interval between elutions. 99 Mo breakthrough was measured using a dose calibrator and aluminium by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The best results were achieved using a Sep Pak column containing neutral aluminium oxide. (author)

  7. Radioisotope visualization of hepatopancreatic region in patients with mechanical jaundice. [/sup 131/I, /sup 99m/Tc, and /sup 75/Se tracer techniques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kasatkin, Yu N; Rozanov, I B; Mironov, S P; Egorova, A I; Diasamidze, Z I

    1976-01-01

    Differential diagnosis of jaundice presents one of the most difficult problems of clinical hepatology. The use of scintillation ..gamma..-chamber and radioactive indicator bengal rose, labeled with /sup 131/I gives the possibility of visualizing the bile secretion and biligenic processes. A total of 82 patients with mechanical jaundice of different etiology have been observed. One of the most important diagnostical findings in mechanical jaundices is visualization of the kidneys image with retention of the stain in the liver. An additional study of the liver with colloid /sup 99m/Tc and the pancreas with /sup 75/Se-methionine taking into account clinical data makes it possible to solve the problem of differential and in separate cases topical diagnosis of the cause of obstruction in the biliary tract.

  8. Radiation dose to bladder wall following the administration of sup(99m)Tc-microspheres and sup(99m)Tc-DTPA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, T.

    1981-01-01

    Castronovo et al. (Health Phys. Vol. 39, p 112, 1980) reported a method of calculating the dose to the bladder wall following administration of sup(99m)Tc human albumin microspheres (sup(99m)Tc-HAM) for lung perfusion scanning. The present note comments that (1) the dosimetry is estimated for an unusual bladder voiding schedule and no indication is given of the variation of dose to be expected with different schedules, and (2) that the method assumes linear biological excretion of the radiopharmaceutical into the bladder in any particular filling period. It is shown that whilst this is a valid approximation in the case considered, it is not a generally applicable principle. Values of bladder wall dose commitments following intravenous administration of sup(99m)Tc-HAM or sup(99m)Tc DTPA are tabulated. Values for constant voiding cycles are presented for four different bladder voiding periods between 2 and 8 hr, and for three different methods of calculation:-a method described in this paper, the linear excretion method of Castronovo et al., and the method of Snyder et al. (ORNL-4584, pp. 206-208, 1970) which allows for urine flow rate. (U.K.)

  9. Discordant results in Tc-99m tetrofosmin and Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphies; Resultados discordantes em cintilografias das paratireoides realizadas com tetrofosmin-99mTc e com sestamibi-99mTc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Duarte, Paulo Schiavom; Domingues, Fernanda C.; Santi Costa, Michele; Brandao, Cynthia; Oliveira, Marco A.C. de; Vieira, Jose G.H. [Fleury - Centro de Medicina Diagnostica, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: paulo.duarte@fleury.com.br

    2007-10-15

    Parathyroid scintigraphies have been used to detect pathological parathyroid glands either before as well as after the parathyroid resection surgery in patients with hyperparathyroidism. One of the most utilized techniques to perform the studies is the double-phase images with Tc-99m sestamibi, which has been shown to be very accurate in the localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. Similar to Tc-99m sestamibi, Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a radiopharmaceutical initially developed to perform myocardial perfusion study that has been used to perform parathyroid scintigraphies. Although most of the papers suggest that the overall sensitivities of both radiopharmaceuticals are similar, there are some papers questioning the accuracy of Tc-99m tetrofosmin to detect abnormal parathyroid glands. In the present article, we report a case with discordant results by both methods. (author)

  10. Brachytherapy model with sodium pertechnetate-"9"9"mTc balloon (Na"9"9"mTcO_4"-) for breast cancer: evaluation of dosimetry and cell response

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lima, Carla Flavia de

    2016-01-01

    Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects more women worldwide. Among various treatment options, radiotherapy which is often used as a treatment for locoregional recurrences control or to decrease tumor size. In patients with breast cancer at an early stage, a booster dose (boost) in the primary tumor area can be applied after conventional radiation therapy. There are several drawbacks to applying this technique. In this work we aimed to perform a dosimetric analysis in a breast model, where it put a balloon filled with sodium pertechnetate-"9"9"mTc (Na"9"9"mTcO_4"-) which in future could be used in preference to other possible therapies. The methodology involved the development of dosimetry in water based on radiochromic films and in a computational voxel thorax model. Calibration protocol achieved a mathematical relation between absorbed dose versus optical density (OD) measured at a set of radiochromic sample films placed at the surface of the balloon plus 1 cm up to 10 cm far, in which theoretical dose values were provided by MCNP modeling, reproducing the water equivalent physical simulator. A voxel model of a female thorax, developed at the SISCODES/MCNP codes, received a filled balloon inside. Spatial dose distribution was generated, illustrating the dose received in the chest wall, glandular tissue, breast skin and lung. The dosimetric findings contribute to present the Na"9"9"mTcO_4"- balloon modality which provides a suitable spatial dose distribution in the tumor bed preserving adjacent health tissues. We also studied the radiobiological response radio resistant mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MDAMB231) by exposure of these cells to Na"9"9"mTcO_4"- balloon. The findings include the presence of apoptotic cells in the balloon around point out a favorable response. In conclusion, the balloon may represent a viable option in the supplementary therapy of breast cancer in patients who have appropriate indication. Irradiation with Na"9"9"mTcO_4

  11. Evaluation of 99Mo/99mTc generator experiment using PZC material and irradiated natural molybdenum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khongpetch, P.; Chingjit, S.; Dangprasert, M.; Rangsawai, W.; Virawat, N.

    2006-01-01

    Technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) is the most widely used radioisotope in nuclear medicine, accounting for more than 80% of all diagnostic nuclear medicine procedure. 99m Tc is almost exclusively produced from the decay of its parent molybdenum-99 ( 99 Mo). The present sources of 99 Mo are research reactors by using the (n, γ) nuclear reaction with natural molybdenum, resulting in inexpensive but low specific activity 99 Mo, or by neutron-induced fission of uranium-235, which result in expensive but high specific activity 99 Mo. The technology requirement for processing of 99 Mo from the (n, γ) 'activation method' is rather simple, and is within the reach of most developing countries operating research reactors. In the fission method' the technological and infrastructure requirements are some complex, and possibly can be sustained only by countries with advanced nuclear technology. To overcome these difficulties, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and KAKEN company have developed alternative technology for 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator by using a molybdenum absorbent called Poly Zirconium compound (PZC) and irradiated natural molybdenum. The paper describes experiments for evaluation the performance of PZC as a column packing material for 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator from (n, γ) 99 Mo. (author)

  12. The trend of 99mTc generator in FNCA countries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Genka, Tsuguo; Machi, Sueo

    2004-01-01

    In the 2001 Workshop on Utilization of Research Reactors held in Beijing, eight delegates from the FNCA countries, namely China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, for the 99m Tc Generator Project, presented papers or orally pleaded the current status of utilization and production in terms of 99 Mo solution, 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator or extracted 99m Tc solution in each country. This paper is a brief compilation of these topics and some additional information obtained afterward the workshop. (author)

  13. Contribution to the study of pertechnetate (sup(99m)Tc) stannous citrate - citric acid complexation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calmes, E.-P.

    1978-03-01

    Pertechnetate/citric acid/stannous citrate complexation carried out from a lyophilisate of stannous citrate in citric medium at pH5 leads to the formation of separable compounds. These compounds are tin-free technetium citrates. Similar results have been described in the case of complexation reactions with glycolic, thioglycolic and thiomalic acids and with other carboxylates such as dimercaptosuccinic acid. These processes include the reduction of Tcsup(VIII) by Snsup(II) in the presence of thiomalic acid under conditions similar to our own: stannous thiomalate in thiomalic medium to which is added the pertechnetate solution producing Tc-thiomalate complexes variable with the reaction pH. Also worth considering is the possible complexation between pertechnetate and the same acid in the absence of reducing ion, following a special procedure (heating). The complexes described here contain the oxotechnetium bond (terminal oxygen-technetium) and a strong probability exists in favour of dimerisation. Their stability, for a reaction in acid solution: pH 5.0/5.5, becomes satisfactory if: the solution is concentrated enough; bubbling by an inert gas is carried out; room temperature is not exceeded. The development takes place through a partial reoxidation characterised by colour change. An original interaction between reduced states of Tc and citric acid may be claimed with certainty under our experimental conditions. The difficulty then lies in the passage to the tracer stage when the isotope sup(99m)Tc is used [fr

  14. Performance testing of PZC generators for 99mTc production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bulos, Adelina DM.

    2006-01-01

    The report briefly describes the performance testing done on seven batches of polyzirconium column (PZC) material. PZC is a ready-to-use high molybdenum-capacity column material for adsorbing reactor-produced 99 Mo. The PZC material was manufactured by Kaken Co in Japan and was sent to PNRI for performance evaluation. Fission molybdenum was eluted from a commercial 99 Mo - 99m Tc generator. The eluted 99 Mo in a molybdenum carrier solution was adsorbed on PZC through a series of procedures. The mixture was decanted to a 90 x 12 mm glass column. 99m Tc was eluted with saline solution. The parameters measured were Tc 99m yield, %molybdenum adsorption and desorption, elution profile and radiochemical purity. (author)

  15. Model-based crosstalk compensation for simultaneous 99mTc/123I dual-isotope brain SPECT imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Du, Yong; Tsui, Benjamin M W; Frey, Eric C

    2007-09-01

    In this work, we developed a model-based method to estimate and compensate for the crosstalk contamination in simultaneous 123I and 99mTc dual isotope brain single photo emission computed tomography imaging. The model-based crosstalk compensation (MBCC) includes detailed modeling of photon interactions inside both the object and the detector system. In the method, scatter in the object is modeled using the effective source scatter estimation technique, including contributions from all the photon emissions. The effects of the collimator-detector response, including the penetration and scatter components due to high-energy 123I photons, are modeled using precalculated tables of Monte Carlo simulated point-source response functions obtained from sources in air at various distances from the face of the collimator. The model-based crosstalk estimation method was combined with iterative reconstruction based compensation to reduce contamination due to crosstalk. The MBCC method was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulated and physical phantom experimentally acquired simultaneous dual-isotope data. Results showed that, for both experimental and simulation studies, the model-based method provided crosstalk estimates that were in good agreement with the true crosstalk. Compensation using MBCC improved image contrast and removed the artifacts for both Monte Carlo simulated and experimentally acquired data. The results were in good agreement with images acquired without any crosstalk contamination.

  16. 99mTc complexes of 1,3-propanedithiol derivatives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alagui, A.; Apparu, M.; Vidal, M.; Mathieu, J.P.

    1987-01-01

    The labelling of 1,3-n alkylpropanedithiols and of 15-(1,3-dimercapto 2-propyl)pentadecanoic acid by 99m Tc was performed by an exchange reaction with the hexachlorotechnetate ion 99m TcCl 6 2- and by reduction of 99m TcO 4 - with Sn(II) in the presence of the ligand. The biological distribution of the exotechnetium complexes obtained by the latter method in mouse does not reveal a high tropism of these labelling compounds in relation to a particular tissue. (author) 14 refs.; 2 tabs

  17. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Czepczyński, Rafał; Parisella, Maria Gemma; Kosowicz, Jerzy; Mikołajczak, Renata; Ziemnicka, Katarzyna; Gryczyńska, Maria; Sowiński, Jerzy; Signore, Alberto

    2007-10-01

    Several new somatostatin analogues have been developed for the diagnosis and therapy of different tumours. Since somatostatin receptors are often over-expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), the aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of scintigraphy with the somatostatin analogue (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in MTC in comparison with other diagnostic techniques. Forty-five patients with MTC, aged 14-83 years, were investigated. Scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC (Tektrotyd) was performed 2 and 4 h post injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of the tracer. Other imaging techniques were also applied and analysed in individual cases (ultrasonography, computed tomography, (99m)Tc(V)-DMSA, (131)I-MIBG, (99m)Tc-MDP, (111)In-DTPA-octreotide and (18)F-FDG-PET) and compared with (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. In group 1 (eight patients before thyroidectomy), uptake of the tracer was found in the primary tumours. In group 2 (six patients with remission), a false positive result was found in one patient; in the remaining five patients, no pathological foci were visualised. In group 3 (31 patients with post-surgical hypercalcitoninaemia), scintigraphy was true positive in 23 patients (74.2%): uptake in the thyroid bed was found in five patients, in the lymph nodes in 18 and in bone metastases in four. Using (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy, the overall sensitivity was 79.5%, specificity 83.3%, accuracy 80.0%, positive predictive value 96.9% and negative predictive value 38.5%. (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC is clinically useful for scintigraphy in the follow-up of patients with MTC. It can be used in clinical practice for preoperative evaluation, for localisation of local recurrence or distant metastases and particularly for therapy decision making.

  18. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Czepczynski, Rafal; Kosowicz, Jerzy; Ziemnicka, Katarzyna; Gryczynska, Maria; Sowinski, Jerzy; Parisella, Maria G.; Mikolajczak, Renata; Signore, Alberto

    2007-01-01

    Several new somatostatin analogues have been developed for the diagnosis and therapy of different tumours. Since somatostatin receptors are often over-expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), the aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of scintigraphy with the somatostatin analogue 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in MTC in comparison with other diagnostic techniques. Forty-five patients with MTC, aged 14-83 years, were investigated. Scintigraphy using 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC (Tektrotyd) was performed 2 and 4 h post injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of the tracer. Other imaging techniques were also applied and analysed in individual cases (ultrasonography, computed tomography, 99m Tc(V)-DMSA, 131 I-MIBG, 99m Tc-MDP, 111 In-DTPA-octreotide and 18 F-FDG-PET) and compared with 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. In group 1 (eight patients before thyroidectomy), uptake of the tracer was found in the primary tumours. In group 2 (six patients with remission), a false positive result was found in one patient; in the remaining five patients, no pathological foci were visualised. In group 3 (31 patients with post-surgical hypercalcitoninaemia), scintigraphy was true positive in 23 patients (74.2%): uptake in the thyroid bed was found in five patients, in the lymph nodes in 18 and in bone metastases in four. Using 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy, the overall sensitivity was 79.5%, specificity 83.3%, accuracy 80.0%, positive predictive value 96.9% and negative predictive value 38.5%. 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC is clinically useful for scintigraphy in the follow-up of patients with MTC. It can be used in clinical practice for preoperative evaluation, for localisation of local recurrence or distant metastases and particularly for therapy decision making. (orig.)

  19. Design and simulation of the operation of a rotary valve for a portable prototype of a {sup 99m}Tc generator; Diseno y simulacion de funcionamiento de una valvula giratoria para un prototipo portatil generador de Tc-99m

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gago, Javier; Baltuano, Oscar; Hernandez, Yuri; Montoya, Eduardo [Direccion de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Instituto Peruano de Energia Nuclear, Av. Jose Saco km 12.5, Carabayllo, Lima (Peru); Lopez, Yon [Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima (Peru). Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica y Mecanica Electrica; Direccion de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Instituto Peruano de Energia Nuclear, Av. Jose Saco km 12.5, Carabayllo, Lima (Peru)

    2013-07-01

    The design of a specific purpose rotary valve for a {sup 99m}Tc generator by extraction, which is being developed at IPEN, in order to contribute to the decentralization of nuclear medicine with social inclusion, is described and discussed in this paper. The prototype is reliable, low cost, and consists of a set of three three-way rotating valves with two positions, in a single device of Teflon®, which is driven by a servomotor. Structural analysis is reported considering external loads applied to the prototype, plus simulation and testing operation using a 12 volts servomotor of 16 RPM provided of a CNY70 infrared sensor, for control purposes. (authors).

  20. Osteomyelitis diagnosis by 99mTc radiolabeled aptamers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, S.R.; Ferreira, I.M.; Andrade, A.S.R.; Barros, A.L.B.; Cardoso, V.N.; Diniz, O.F.

    2015-01-01

    Osteomyelitis, which is characterized by progressive inflammatory destruction and new opposition of bone, is still a difficult infection to treat. The clinical diagnosis in late stages is achieved easily, but an early diagnosis is more challenging. Staphylococcus aureus is a common agent found in osteomyelitis and bone prostheses infection. Diagnosis by scintigraphy has advantages because it is a non-invasive procedure and is able to perform an early diagnosis even before anatomic changes. Thus, nuclear medicine could contribute to an accurate diagnosis since specific radiopharmaceuticals were developed. In this study, aptamers selected to Staphylococcus aureus were labeled with 99m Tc and used for bacteria identification in an osteomyelitis experimental model. The aptamers selected to S. aureus were directly labelled with 99m Tc and were evaluated by biodistribution studies. Wistar rats with intraosseous infection in the right paw were used. A random aptamer labelled with 99m Tc was as control. Six animals were used in each group. The aptamers labeled with 99m Tc were able to identify the infection foci caused by S. aureus displaying a target/non-target ratio of 2,23 ± 0,20, after 3 h. The control group presented a target/non-target ratio 1,08 ± 0.23. The results indicated that the radiolabeled aptamers were able to identify specifically the infection foci and they should be further explored for infection diagnosis by scintigraphy. (author)

  1. Scintigraphic visualization of myocardial infarcts in baboons using thallium-201 and technetium-99m pyrophosphate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Frick, M P; Ponto, R A; Pyle, R B; Yasmineh, W G; Loken, M K

    1978-01-01

    Four baboons with myocardial infarcts were evaluated using thallium-201 for myocardial imaging and /sup 99m/Tc pyrophosphate for infarct visualization. Scintiphotographic findings were compared with the size of myocardial infarcts calculated from measurements of the activity of MB isoenzymes of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in serum and in the myocardium at autopsy, as described by Sobel's method. Lack of thallium-201 accumulation was noted in left ventricular infarcts of 3 of the 4 baboons. These same areas localized /sup 99m/Tc pyrophosphate administered 24 to 30 h after infarction.

  2. Successful labeling of 99mTc-MDP using 99mTc separated from 99Mo produced by 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagai, Yasuki; Hatsukawa, Yuichi; Kin, Tadahiro; Hashimoto, Kazuyuki; Motoishi, Shoji; Konno, Chikara; Ochiai, Kentaro; Takakura, Kosuke; Sato, Yuichi; Sato, Norihito; Ohta, Akio; Yamabayashi, Hisamichi; Tanase, Masakazu; Fujisaki, Saburo; Kawauchi, Yukimasa; Teranaka, Tomoyuki; Takeuchi, Nobuhiro; Igarashi, Takashi

    2011-01-01

    We have for the first time succeeded in separating 99m Tc from a MoO 3 sample irradiated with accelerator neutrons free from any radioactive impurities and in formulating 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate ( 99 mTc-MDP). 99 Mo, the mother nuclide of 99m Tc, was produced by the 100 Mo(n,2n) 99 Mo reaction using about 14 MeV neutrons provided by the 3 H(d,n) 4 He reaction at the Fusion Neutronics Source of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The 99m Tc was separated from 99 Mo by sublimation and its radionuclide purity was confirmed to be higher than 99.99% by γ-spectroscopy. The labeling efficiency of 99m Tc-MDP was shown to be higher than 99% by thin-layer chromatography. These values exceed the United States Pharmacopeia requirements for a fission product, 99 Mo. Consequently, a 99m Tc radiopharmaceutical preparation formed by using the mentioned 99 Mo can be a promising substitute for the fission product 99 Mo, which is currently produced using a highly enriched uranium target in aging research reactors. A longstanding problem to ensure a reliable and constant supply of 99 Mo in Japan can be partially mitigated. (author)

  3. Identificación y caracterización sindromológica desde la medicina tradicional china (MTC) del cuadro clínico de mujeres ingresadas al Hospital Gíneco-Obstétrico Isidro Ayora (HGOIA) y al Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín (HCAM) con diagnóstico biomédico de preeclampsia CIE10 O14

    OpenAIRE

    Mena Echeverría, Fabián Eduardo

    2017-01-01

    Se estudiaron 30 casos de mujeres ingresadas con diagnóstico de preeclampsia en los hospitales Gíneco Obstétrico Isidro Ayora (HGOIA) y Carlos Andrade Marín (HCAM) de Quito, entre los meses de junio y septiembre de 2016, aplicando la historia clínica de medicina tradicional china ACUMOX, con el fin de identificar los síndromes de la medicina tradicional china (MTC) en estas 30 mujeres. El cuadro clínico de estas mujeres corresponde a 12 síndromes diferentes, desde la óptica de la MTC, de los ...

  4. 99mTc generator preparation using (n, γ)99Mo produced using natural molybdenum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Hark Rho; Park, Jin Ho; Lee, Kye Hong

    2003-01-01

    The Mo-99 is a widely used radioisotope in Korea. To fulfill the demand, we are producing Mo-99 using a specially designed and fabricated rig containing MoO 3 target. We are using natural molybdenum so far. But considering the utilization of the enriched molybdenum to increase the specific activity further, we desire the realization of PZC with (n, γ)Mo-99 as early as possible. To make the generator loading facility, we are in progress of construction work for the related hot cell facilities. (author)

  5. The role of scintigraphy with the use of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Czepczynski, R.; Kosowicz, J.; Ziemnicka, K.; Gryczynska, M.; Sowinski, J.; Mikolajczak, R.

    2006-01-01

    Introduction: Recently a new somatostatin analogue labelled with 99mT c ( 99mT c-HYNIC-TOC) has been synthetized. Aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of 99mT c-HYNIC--TOC in the radionuclide imaging in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Material and methods: 30 patients with MTC aged 22.83 years in different stages of the disease were investigated. In 6 patients (group 1) scintigraphy was performed before surgery directly after diagnosis of MTC. Four patients (group 2) were qualified to the study in the phase of remission after surgical treatment that had been confirmed by low concentrations of calcitonin. Twenty patients (group 3) were investigated due to stagnation or recurrence confirmed by persistent hypercalcitoninemia. The scintigraphy using 99mT c- HYNIC-TOC (Tektrotyd, POLATOM) was performed 2 and 4 hours post injection of 20 mCi (740 MBq) of the tracer. Other imaging techniques were also employed and analysed in individual cases (US, CT, 99mT c(V)-DMSA, 131I -MIBG, 99mT c-MDP, 111I n-octreotide and FDG-PET). Results: Images obtained 2 and 4 hours p.i. were similar. In group 1, uptake of the tracer was found in the primary tumour of MTC in all patients. In group 2, a false positive result was found in 1 of 6 patients. In the remaining 5 of 6 cases no pathological foci were visualised. In group 3, uptake in the thyroid bed was found in 3 of 20 cases and in the lymph nodes in 14 of 20 patients. In 3 of 20 cases uptake in the bone metastases was found. Globally, sensitivity of the scintigraphy using 99mT c-HYNIC-TOC was 86.4%, specificity 75.0%, and accuracy . 84.6%. Conclusion: The scintigraphy using 99mT c-HYNIC-TOC showed high utility in the diagnosis of MTC. Confirmation of the presence of somatostatin receptors with this method may be used for treatment planning: surgery or radionuclide therapy. (author)

  6. Technetium-99m-human fibrinogen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wong, D.W.; Mishkin, F.S.

    1975-01-01

    Exogenous fibrinogen has been successfully labeled with /sup 99m/Tc using a modified electrolytic method. The exact labeling mechanism has not been determined. Experimental data suggest that the labeling process of /99m/Tc-fibrinogen is quite similar to that of /sup 99m/Tc-human serum albumin as reported earlier by Benjamin. Technetium-99m-fibrinogen is stable in human plasma or in 1 percent buffered human serum albumin. A binding efficiency of 76 percent has been achieved with approximately 25 percent clottable protein. The entire labeling procedure requires less than 1 hr of preparation time. This short labeling time in a closed system may allow development of a practical method for labeling autologous fibrinogen, thus eliminating the risk of hepatitis transmission. (U.S.)

  7. Current status of research and development of 99Mo/99mTc generator in Korea

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, U.J.; Lee, J.S.; Son, K.J.; Nam, S.S.; Kwak, S.I.; Han, H.S.

    2006-01-01

    To supply 99m Tc in stable and economical manner in Korea, a chromatographic generator has been under development at KAERI since late 1980's. The chromatographic type of technetium generator is preferred in hospital because it is more convenient and less time-restricted for applications. Hence, the demand of 99m Tc in medical applications is keep increasing. In Korea, there are more than 200 gamma cameras including SPECT in hospitals. For these applications, approximately 100 units/week of 99m Tc generators of which annual cost reached 3 million US dollars were required in 2002. Hence, the development of 99m Tc generators and technology of fission 99 Mo processing were started while installing the generator loading facility (GLF) at KAERI. This facility is currently on a trial run for the commercial production of 99m Tc generators and expected to produce more than 200 generators per week in 2004. For the fission 99 Mo production, an annulus U foil target was considered as the LEU target. The designed LEU target is being used for target manufacturing test and accident analysis. The develop gel type 99m Tc generators by using a poly zirconium complex (PZC) and alumina column, KAERI has cooperated with a Japanese company since late 1990's. In 2003, experimental studies for molybdate adsorption capacity and elution characteristics of the PZC samples from three different batches produced by Kaken Co. were carried out. (author)

  8. The Usefulness of 99mTc-Sestamibi Scan in Preoperative Localization in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baik, S. H.; Kim, S. M.; Choi, K. M.; Choi, Y. S.; Kim, S. J.; Yu, J. M.; Choi, D. S.; Choe, J. C.

    1995-01-01

    An accurate preoperative localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is important for successful surgical intervention. There are many methods for the localization of the primary hyperparathyroidism such as ultrasonography, computerized tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), angiography and 201 T1/ 99m Tc-subtraction scan. Among them 201T1/99mTc subtraction scan in known as the most accurate tool for preoperative localization. Recently 201 T1/ 99m Tc-Sestamibi has been used for parathyroid gland imaging. We experienced 19 primary hyperparathyroidisms accurately localized with 201 T1/ 99m Tcsubtraction imaging and 99m Tc-Sestamibi. The sensitivities of the 99m Tc-Sestamibi, 201T1/99mTc subtraction imaging, CT and US were 100%(5/5), 89.5%(17/19) and 61.7(12/19) respectively. With the combination of 99m Tc-Sestamibi and 201 T1/ 99T c-subtraction imaging we could localize with 100% accuracy. Although the case number is small, this study suggests that the 99m Tc-Sestamibi parathyroid scan is very useful and easy to use for preoperative localization in primary hyperparathyroidism.

  9. Biodistibution of 2,6 diisopropyliminodiacetic acid 99mTc (Disida-99mTc) in normal rats and with experimental hepatic lesion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Colturato, M.T.; Muramoto, E.; Hamada, E.S.; Barbosa, M.R.F. de; Herrerias, R.; Silva, C.P.G. da.

    1988-07-01

    The biodistribution and elimination of 99m Tc-DISIDA were examined by performing scintigrams on rats at different times. Normal animals (rats) and those with experimental hepatobiliary alterations were used. Results showed a delayed clearance of 99m Tc-DISIDA into the small intestine of the experimental animals. The elimination of the labelled compound by the kidney was 14% dose/g 120 minutes after the injection of which 70% was found in its original form. The data indicate that in spite the compound is intact in bile it undergoes a degradative process, not yet known. (author) [pt

  10. (99m)Tc-3PRGD 2 SPECT/CT predicts the outcome of advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy plus bevacizumab.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Qingjie; Min, Kaiyin; Wang, Ting; Chen, Bin; Wen, Qiang; Wang, Fan; Ji, Tiefeng; Gao, Shi

    2015-07-01

    Functional imaging can help clinicians assess the individual response of advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to chemoradiation therapy plus bevacizumab. Our purpose is to investigate the ability of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in predicting the early response to treatment. Patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC diagnosed by histological or cytological examination were imaged with (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT at 3 time points: 1-3 days before the start of treatment (SPECT1), 40 Gy radiotherapy with 2 cycles of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab (SPECT2) and 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy plus bevacizumab (SPECT3). The images were evaluated semiquantitatively by measuring the tumor to non-tumor ratio (T/N) and calculating the percentage change in T/N ratio. Short-term outcome was assessed by the treatment response evaluation according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria as: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Patients were divided two groups: responders (CR and PR) and nonresponders (SD and PD). To determine a threshold for percent reduction in T/N ratios, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used. Patients were grouped again based on the threshold of P1 (the change percentage from SPECT1 to SPECT2) and P2 (the change percentage from SPECT1 to SPECT3): P1 responders and P1 nonresponders; P2 responders and P2 nonresponders. Patients were followed up starting 4 weeks after completion of therapy and then every 3 months for the first 2 years and every 6 months after 2 years. OS of P1 responders, P1 nonresponders, P2 responders and P2 nonresponders was estimated and graphically illustrated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used to test the null hypotheses of equal OS in subgroups of patients. A total of 28 patients completed all imaging and treatment. All primary

  11. Technetium{sup 99m} shortage: Practical solutions to manage lack of the radio-isotope in nuclear medicine departments; Penurie de technetium{sup 99m}: des pistes pratiques pour gerer les periodes de crise dans les services de medecine nucleaire

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Biechlin-Chassel, M.L. [Radiopharmacie, service de pharmacie, centre hospitalier de Chambery, 73 - Chambery (France); Francois-Joubert, A. [Service de medecine nucleaire, centre hospitalier de Chambery, 73 - Chambery (France); Bolot, C. [Service de radiopharmacie, service pharmaceutique, centre de medecine nucleaire, groupement hospitalier Est, 69 - Bron (France); Desruet, M.D. [Radiopharmacie, service de medecine nucleaire, CHU de Grenoble, 38 - Grenoble (France); Bourrel, F. [Services de pharmacie et medecine nucleaire, centre hospitalier d' Avignon, 84 - Avignon (France); Pelegrin, M. [Institut de recherche en cancerologie (IRCM), 34 - Montpellier (France); Inserm U896, universite Montpellier 1, 34 - Montpellier (France); CRLC Val d' Aurelle Paul-Lamarque, 34 - Montpellier (France); Couret, I. [Service de medecine nucleaire, hopital Lapeyronie, 34 - Montpellier (France); Lao, S. [Service de medecine nucleaire, CHU Hopital de l' Archet, 06 - Nice (France); Quelven, I. [Faculte de medecine, 87 - Limoges (France)

    2010-11-15

    Technetium{sup 99m} ({sup 99m}Tc) shortage crisis regularly affect nuclear medicine activity and oblige the community to find solutions in order to perform most of the prescribed exams and avoid systematic substitutions by other non-nuclear medicine techniques. Firstly, some practical solutions can be set up in radiopharmacy departments such as using more than two generators together, realizing fractionated elutions, preparing radiopharmaceuticals with elutions providing from different generators.. Then, it could be interesting to have a reflexion in nuclear medicine departments to convene patients the days when {sup 99m}Tc supply is sufficient, to pool some exams or to make substitutions with more available isotopes. (authors)

  12. The Clinical usefulness of 99mTc HMPAO Leukocyte/99mTc phytate bone marrow scintigraphy for diagnosis of prosthetic knee infection: A preliminary study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jung, Kyung Pyo; Park, Ji Sun; Lee, Ah Young; Choi, Su Jung; Lee, Seok Mo; Bae, Sang Kyun

    2012-01-01

    The preferred radionuclide imaging procedure for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection is combined radiolabeled leukocyte/ 99mT c sulfur colloid bone marrow scintigraphy, which has an accuracy of over 90%. Unfortunately, sulfur colloid is no longer available in South Korea. in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of 99mT c phytate, a substitute for 99mT c sulfur colloid, when combined with radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy in suspected prosthetic knee infections. Eleven patients (nine women, two men; mean age 72±6 years) with painful knee prostheses and a suspicion of infection underwent both 99mT c phytate bone marrow scintigraphy (BMS). The combined images were interpreted as positive for infection when radioactivity in the LS at the sits of clinical interest clearly exceeded that of the BMS (discordant); they were interpreted as negative when the increased activity in the LS was consistent with an increased activity in the BMS(concordant). The final diagnosis was made with microbiological or intraoperative findings and a clinical follow up of at least 12 months. Five of eleven patients were diagnosed as having an infected prosthesis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of the combined LS/BMS were 100%, 83%, 83%, 100% and 91%, respectively. We find that combined 99mT c HMPAO LS/ 99mT c phytate BMS shows comparable diagnostic performance to other studies utilizing sulfur colloid. Combined 99mT c HMPAO LS/ 99mT c phytate BMS is therefore expected to be an acceptable alternative to combined radiolabeled LS/ 99ms ulfur colloid BMS for diagnosing prosthetic knee infections

  13. ''In vitro'' and ''in vivo'' studies 2,6 - diisopropyl-fenil-carboilmethyl iminodiacetic acid labeled with99mTc (Disida -99mTc)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martinez, D.Y.F.; Barbosa, M.R.F.F. de; Muramoto, E.; Achando, S.S.; Silva, C.P.G. da.

    1988-07-01

    The ''in vivo'' and ''in vitro'' studies on DISIDA - 99m Tc at the hepatobiliary level were made. The binding of DISIDA - 99m Tc to plasmatic proteins and the fraction at which this binding occurs were determined. The distribution coefficient in n-octanol/saline solution was 0.41 showing the lipophilicity of the compound. The images in rats show the biological distribution as well as the hepatobiliary clearance of the radiopharmaceutical under its unmetabolized form. (author) [pt

  14. First animal experiments and clinical investigations with sup(99m)Tc-bilirubin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schneider, G.; Kaempfer, I.; Blottner, A.; Rogos, R.; Deckart, H.

    1986-01-01

    Labelling of bilirubin with sup(99m)Tc is described. The distribution and elimination of the labelled substance was investigated in mice, rabbits, dogs and pigs. Within 5 minutes p.i. the labelled substance accumulated in the liver and was eliminated within several hours. Comparative studies of 14 C bilirubin and 14 C sup(99m)Tc bilirubin showed identical distribution patterns. Clinial trials were conducted in 60 patients who received 0.0015 mg/kg i.v. (total dose, 60-80 MBq of sup(99m)Tc bilirubin -> 1.6 - 2.2 mCi). Images were obtained in the first 20 min p.i. as well as after 2 and 24 hours. To determine the blood clearance blood samples were taken in the first hours and activity curves were recorded over the cardiac and temporal regions. As elimination from the liver was slow, gall bladder and bile duct imaging was not successful before 1 to 3 hours p.i. The severity of liver damage can be established on the basis of blood clearance, onset of active liver uptake, elimination from the liver and 24 hours excretion in percent. Labelled bilirubin is a suitable material for morphologic and dynamic functional imaging of the liver (e.g. for SPECT studies). Incidents were absent throughout. (Author)

  15. Modification of PLGA nanoparticles for improved properties as a 99mTc-labeled agent in sentinel lymph node detection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Subramanian, Suresh; Pandey, Usha; Gugulothu, Dalapathi; Patravale, Vandana; Samuel, Grace

    2013-10-01

    We have earlier reported on the possible application of poly [lactide (co-glycolide)] (PLGA) nanoparticles of suitable size to serve as a (99m)Tc-labeled diagnostic tracer in sentinel lymph node detection (SLND). Additional efforts have now been made to improve both the radiolabeling yield and the biological efficacy by modifying the PLGA particles. Two approaches were taken, one based on in situ loading of mebrofenin inside PLGA nanoparticles and the second one based on functionalization of existing terminal carboxylic acid groups on the nanoparticle surface with p-aminobenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (p-NH2-Bz-DTPA) for enhanced availability of functional groups suitable for (99m)Tc complexation. The modified PLGA derivatives were purified and characterized. Radiolabeling of the modified PLGA nanoparticles was carried out with (99m)Tc using stannous chloride as the reducing agent. Mebrofenin encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (mebrofenin-PLGA) did not show any significant improvement in the radiolabeling yield in comparison to the earlier reported "plain" PLGA nanoparticles, probably due to inaccessibility of the mebrofenin moiety to (99m)Tc upon encapsulation. DTPA-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles (DTPA-PLGA) showed appreciable improvement in radiolabeling yield under more moderate reaction conditions and better stability. In the biological evaluation performed in Wistar rat model, (99m)Tc-DTPA-PLGA nanoparticles showed a considerable increase in uptake in the sentinel node and the percentage popliteal extraction of the preparation was also higher. (99m)Tc-mebrofenin-PLGA did not show any improvement in SLN uptake over plain PLGA nanoparticles. The above results suggest that surface modification of PLGA by covalently coupling DTPA to PLGA nanoparticles prior to (99m)Tc labeling appears to be a superior approach to achieve a suitable (99m)Tc-labeled PLGA nanoparticle preparation for SLND.

  16. Differential diagnosis of MRI detected intra cranial space occupying lesions (ICSOLS)-role of 99MTC tetrofosmin cerebral spect

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Padmal, S.; Sundaram, P.S.; Kumar, S.

    2004-01-01

    Discriminating the correct etiology of Intra Cranial Space Occupying Lesions (ICSOLs) detected by MRI is of paramount importance in deciding the right therapeutic approach. Functional imaging like 99m Tc Tetrofosmin cerebral SPECT (C SPECT) can be used to differentiate malignant from other benign cerebral pathologies. Objective: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of C SPECT in differentiating various etiologies (i.e. Infective / Inflammatory, Neoplastic and Post Radiotherapy changes) of MRI detected ICSOLs. We also aimed to assess the incremental value of quantitative uptake ratios in identifying the exact nature of ICSOLs. Method: 26 Patients (M:F=20:6), age range 28-76 yrs, mean 42±7 yrs were evaluated by 99mTc Tetrofosmin cerebral SPECT. 14/26 patients were HIV positive cases while remaining 12 were treated patients of intracerebral malignancies. All these patients had one or more discrete MRI detected ICSOLs. 6/4 patients with HIV and 4/12 patients in the non HIV group showed more than 1 discrete ICSOLs. 20 mci of 99mTc Tetrofosmin was injected IV .15 min (early) and 2 hrs (delayed) post injection C SPECT images were acquired on a dual head variable angle Gamma camera. After reconstruction, transverse, coronal and sagittal images were co- registered with DICOM online available MRI images using aco- registration software. Focal Tetrofosmin uptake in MRI detected ICSOL was interpreted as abnormal. Tetrofosmin uptake index (Ix) was calculated in early and delayed images as ratio of counts in lesion to that of contra lateral region. A value of more than 1.3 was considered to be abnormal. Persistent Ix of more than 1.3 in initial and delayed images were considered to be malignant while Ix of more or less than 1.3 in initial but less than 1.3 in delayed images was considered to be benign in both groups. Results: In HIV group (14 pts), 4 patients showed an Ix of less than 1.3 in both early and delayed images and 7 patients showed an Ix of more than 1.3 in early but

  17. Brachytherapy model with sodium pertechnetate-{sup 99m}Tc balloon (Na{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) for breast cancer: evaluation of dosimetry and cell response; Modelo de braquiterapia com balao de pertecnetato de sodio-{sup 99m}Tc (Na{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) para cancer de mama: avaliacao da dosimetria e resposta celular

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lima, Carla Flavia de

    2016-07-01

    Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects more women worldwide. Among various treatment options, radiotherapy which is often used as a treatment for locoregional recurrences control or to decrease tumor size. In patients with breast cancer at an early stage, a booster dose (boost) in the primary tumor area can be applied after conventional radiation therapy. There are several drawbacks to applying this technique. In this work we aimed to perform a dosimetric analysis in a breast model, where it put a balloon filled with sodium pertechnetate-{sup 99m}Tc (Na{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) which in future could be used in preference to other possible therapies. The methodology involved the development of dosimetry in water based on radiochromic films and in a computational voxel thorax model. Calibration protocol achieved a mathematical relation between absorbed dose versus optical density (OD) measured at a set of radiochromic sample films placed at the surface of the balloon plus 1 cm up to 10 cm far, in which theoretical dose values were provided by MCNP modeling, reproducing the water equivalent physical simulator. A voxel model of a female thorax, developed at the SISCODES/MCNP codes, received a filled balloon inside. Spatial dose distribution was generated, illustrating the dose received in the chest wall, glandular tissue, breast skin and lung. The dosimetric findings contribute to present the Na{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} balloon modality which provides a suitable spatial dose distribution in the tumor bed preserving adjacent health tissues. We also studied the radiobiological response radio resistant mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MDAMB231) by exposure of these cells to Na{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} balloon. The findings include the presence of apoptotic cells in the balloon around point out a favorable response. In conclusion, the balloon may represent a viable option in the supplementary therapy of breast cancer in patients who have appropriate

  18. Comparative study of 99Mo/99mTc generators at base of synthesized gels starting from activation and fission 99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez M, I.Z.; Monroy G, F.; Rivero G, T.; Rojas N, P.

    2007-01-01

    The 99m Tc is used for diagnostic and therapy. It is produced starting from 99 Mo, absorbed in chromatographic columns, loaded with alumina that absorb only 0.2% of 99 Mo with high specific activities of 99 Mo, obtained from the 235 U fission. Given these conditions and limitations, new preparation procedures of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators, its have been developed, using zirconium molybdates gels that incorporates until 30% of 99 Mo, conserve similar characteristics of quality and purity that the traditional generator. The radiochemical characteristics of the 99m Tc elution, depend strongly on the gel preparation conditions. In particular, the present work has by object to determine the influence of the 99 Mo used type, fission or activation product, during the gels synthesis, as well as the used air flow for the agitation in the gels preparation and its influence in the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators quality. When diminishing the flow of agitation air the efficiency it increases and in the radionuclide purity of the eluates and when using 99 Mo from fission for the gels production it increases in an important way the elutriation efficiency, the radiochemical and radionuclide purity of the 99m Tc eluates. (Author)

  19. Radioguided sentinel node biopsy with 99mTc colloidal (Re) sulphide: Our experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lago, G.; Alonso, O.; Aizen, B.; Juri, C.

    2004-01-01

    Full text: It has been demonstrated that nodal metastases from different solid tumors are not random events. Tumour spread within the regional draining basin has been shown to progress in an orderly fashion with first draining basin (sentinel node) most likely to have metastatic involvement. Thus, the sentinel node examination accurately reflects the histology of the remainder of the lymphatic basin. Sentinel node biopsy (SLB) with previous lymphatic mapping by means of radiocolloid lymphoscintraphy has been proposed by many authors as a routine method for staging the regional lymph nodes in patients with cutaneous melanoma and breast cancer. A positive SLB is found to carry high prognostic significance and identifies those patients who might benefit from early therapeutic lymph node dissection and adjuvant treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our experience with radioguided SLB in patients with different tumours. We studied 154 patients between 1998-2003, with clinically localized breast cancer (n=45), melanoma (n=82), cervix carcinoma (n=22) and penis carcinoma (n=5). Lymphoscintigraphy was performed 6-18 hours before surgery using a LFOV gamma camera equipped with a LEHR collimator. A dose of 111-185 MBq of 99mTc colloidal sulphide (Nanocis, Cis bio international, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France) was injected around the primary lesion (melanoma, breast cancer, and penis carcinoma) and into the four quadrants of the cervix (cervix carcinoma). All basins identified by lymphoscintigraphy were explored through incisions directed by the use of a gamma probe. Radioactivity (counts /sec) of the sentinel node(s) and the adjacent tissues was measured in-vivo and verified ex-vivo after removal. A signal to background ratio higher than 2 to 3 in-vivo and higher than 10 ex-vivo was considered significant. Blue dye mapping was performed in all cases of breast cancer but left at discretion of the surgeon for the remaining tumours. Serial sections of the

  20. An extract of a formula used in the traditional chinese medicine (Buzhong Yi Qi Wan alters the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tania Santos Giani

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Buzhong Yi Qi Wan (Buzhong is a medicinal herb widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat the digestive and circulatory systems. Red blood cell and plasma proteins labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc are used in nuclear medicine. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of an aqueous Buzhong extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc. Heparinized blood (Wistar rats was incubated in vitro with different Buzhong extract concentrations and 99mTc-labeling was performed. Plasma (P and blood cells (BC were separated and soluble (SF-P, SF-BC and insoluble (IF-P, IF-BC fractions were isolated. The radioactivity on blood constituents was determined and the percentage of incorporated radioactivity (%ATI was calculated. Buzhong extract at the highest concentrations used altered significantly (pBuzhong Yi Qi Wan (Buzhong é uma fórmula utilizada na Medicina Tradicional Chinesa para tratamento de distúrbios nos sistemas digestório e circulatório. Constituintes sangüíneos marcados com tecnécio-99m (99mTc são usados na medicina nuclear. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do extrato de Buzhong na marcação de constituintes sangüíneos com 99mTc. Amostras de sangue de ratos Wistar foram incubadas com diferentes concentrações do extrato de Buzhong e a marcação de constituintes sangüíneos com 99mTc foi realizado. Plasma e células sangüíneas foram separados, frações solúveis e insolúveis do plasma e das células sangüíneas foram isoladas. A radioatividade nos constituintes sangüíneos foi contada e as porcentagens de radioatividade incorporada (%ATI, determinada. Extrato de Buzhong nas maiores concentrações utilizadas altera significativamente (p<0.05 a %ATI nos constituintes sangüíneos. Substâncias presentes no extrato de Buzhong poderiam alterar a membrana celular e/ou gerar radicais livres, que têm propriedades oxidantes, modificando a marcação dos constituintes sangüíneos com

  1. 99MTC-HL91 spect image versus 18F-FDG PET for detection of head and neck carcinoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chu, L.S.; Liu, R.S.; Chou, K.L.; Yang, B.H.; Liao, S.Q.; Yeh, S.H.

    2004-01-01

    Objective: Tumor hypoxia is a major complication of oncologic cell switch for chemotherapy(C/T) and / or radiotherapy(R/T). Such lesions detected by selective modem conventional examination remains difficult. 99mTc-HL91 is a potential agent for imaging hypoxic tissue in vivo. This study aimed to assess efficacy of 99mTc- HL91 in imaging of head and neck cancer and compared the result with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)PET. Methods: Sixteen pts with head and neck cancers (7 hypopharyngeal cancers, 4 laryngeal cancers, 5 tongue base cancers) were enrolled in this study. Primary tumors and suspicious local,regional metastases were diagnosed by clinical examination, CT/MRI , and biopsy. After intravenous injection of 740 MBq of 99mTc-HL91, whole body planar scan and regional SPECT at 2hr postinjection were performed. Tumor lesion -to- normal background(T/N) ratios with 3x3 pixels of background ROI were also measured. The reference range of T/N ratio greater 3.0 defined +, close to 2.4 defined +/- and less than 1.5 defined as -. The FDG images with dedicated PET system was performed at 4hr after completion of 99mTc-HL91 study. The visualized tumors uptake with ratio of standardized uptake value (SUV) greater than 2.5 defined as +.. less than 2.5 defined -. Results: In 7 hypopharyngeal cancers, there are 2FDG+/HL91+, 3FDG+/HL91-, 2FDG+/HL91+/-, In 4 laryngeal cancers, there are 3FDG+/HL91-, 1FDG+/HL91 +/-. In 5 tongue base cancers, there are 5FDG+/HL91-.(Table 1). The T/N ratios of all head and neck cancers in primary tumor and regional lymph nodes were ranged from l.3/1.5 and 1.1/1.2 respectively. The frequency of FDG + in hypopharyngeal cancers is 1.0,in laryngeal cancers is 1.0 and in tongue base cancers is 1.0. The frequency of HL91+/+/- in hypopharyngeal cancers is 0..58,in laryngeal cancers is 0.25.and in tongue base cancers is 0. The overall detection rate of head and neck cancer by FDG+ in this study is 100% and overall detection rate of local-regional hypoxia, by

  2. Contribution of sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate brain scintigraphy in the diagnosis of tumours of posterior fossa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sergent, Aline.

    1976-01-01

    The present work concerns 38 posterior cranial fossa tumour cases subjected to sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate brain scintigraphy between May 1974 and June 1976. 33 of these patients have undergone an anatomical check while for the remaining 5, the existence of a posterior fossa tumour is established from the conjunction of clinical signs and other paraclinical examinations. The procedure was the same for all these 38 patients: after a 300 μC/kg injection of tracer, an immediate angioscintigraphic period, an early set of pictures (half an hour after the tracer injection) then delayed set (4 to 5 hours later) taken from 4 angles: front, back and two profiles. The examination was performed with an OHIO NUCLEAR SIEMENS gamma camera and sometimes a conventional scanner as well (the latter giving no better a diagnosis than the former). In 75% of the cases a hyperfixation of the injected tracer was observed and its site located quite accurately in the posterior fossa tumour. The etiology of the lesion could be diagnosed in 'most probable' or 'least probable' terms. Examination of work by other authors, who obtained similar results, leads to the conclusion that this method is very helpful in the diagnosis of posterior fossa tumours when used as a means of early detection, before the undertaking of more complex neuroradiological explorations [fr

  3. Silica-gel modified with zirconium oxide as a novel 99Mo adsorbent 99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salehi, H.; Mollarazi, E.; Abbasi, H.

    2010-01-01

    A new 99 Mo adsorbent has been prepared with modified silica gel with zirconium oxide (SiO 2 /ZrO 2 :Na 2 MoO 4 ) and used in technetium-99m generator. The adsorption behaviors of 99 Mo in the form of molybdate and 99m Tc in the form of pertechnetate on the new adsorbent was investigated showed that the adsorption capacity of molybdate on this generator was considerably higher than the usual generator with alumina column. Coating zirconium oxide on the surface of silica gel resulted in higher 99 Mo adsorption of this compound. 99m Tc is eluted with 0.9% NaCl, and the radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purities of the eluate were checked. This generator has a great potential as compared to the traditional alumina generators.

  4. Local IgG synthesis in three pediatric patients with cuban epidemic neuropathy Sintesis local de IgG en tres pacientes pediátricos com neuropatía epidêmica cubana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Dorta-Contreras

    1996-03-01

    Full Text Available Three pediatric patients with Cuban epidemic neuropathy were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid and sera were simultaneously obtained. Albumin and IgG were quantified by immunodifusion. Albumin quotient and local synthesis of IgG were calculated by Reiber/Felgenhauer formula. A patient with optic neuritis had a dysfunction of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. All the group had local synthesis of IgG.Se estudiaron tres pacientes pediátricos con neuropatia epidêmica cubana. Se obtuvieron suero y liquido cefalorraquídeo simultaneamente. Se cuantificaran los niveles de albúmina e IgG por inmunodifusion radial. Se calculo la razón albúmina y la fórmula de Reiber/Felgenhauer. Un paciente con neuritis óptica tuvo una disfunción de la barrera sangre-líquido cefaloraquídeo. Todo el grupo tuvo síntesis local de IgG.

  5. Increased bone marrow blood flow in sickle cell anemia demonstrated by thallium-201 and Tc-99m human albumin microspheres

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thrall, J.H.; Rucknagel, D.L.

    1978-01-01

    Lower extremity vascularity in nine patients with sickle cell anemia was studied by intra-arterial /sup 99m/Tc human albumin microspheres or intravenous thallium-201. In eight patients, the normal pattern of greater muscle than bone activity was reversed with marked tracer localization in skeletal parts usually not visualized. In four cases, there were distinct focal abnormalities in the femurs and tibias which correlated with defects on /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid marrow scans. TC-99m pyrophosphate bone scans demonstrated normal uptake in the same areas. The scintigraphic findings indicate a markedly increased relative bone marrow blood flow

  6. Preparation of 99Mo/99mTc generators based on 99Mo zirconium molybdates in the Gel Synthesis Device for Generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez M, I. Z.; Monroy G, F.; Rivero G, T.; Rojas N, P.

    2008-01-01

    The 99m Tc is used for diagnosis and therapy. It is produced commercially from 99 Mo obtained from the fission of 235 U, which is retained in chromatographic columns filled with alumina whose maximum capacity is 0.2%. Given these constraints new methods of preparation 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators have been developed using zirconium molybdates gels containing up to 30% of Mo, which is part of the generator matrix, and retaining quality and purity similar characteristics to those commercial generators. The present study aims to determine the flow of agitation, temperature and drying time optimal to prepare 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators based on 99 Mo zirconium molybdates in the Gel Synthesis Device 99 Mo/ 99m Tc Generators designed and built by groups of the Radioactive Materials Research Laboratory and Automation and Instrumentation Department of the National Institute of Nuclear Research. (Author)

  7. Radiation decomposition of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Billinghurst, M.W.; Rempel, S.; Westendorf, B.A.

    1979-01-01

    Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals are shown to be subject to autoradiation-induced decomposition, which results in increasing abundance of pertechnetate in the preparation. This autodecomposition is catalyzed by the presence of oxygen, although the removal of oxygen does not prevent its occurrence. The initial appearance of pertechnetate in the radiopharmaceutical is shown to be a function of the amount of radioactivity, the quantity of stannous ion used, and the ratio of /sup 99m/Tc to total technetium in the preparation

  8. 99mTc labeling of the scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) antivenom

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cardoso, D.S.; Nunan, E.A.; Toledo, V.P.C.P.; Moraes-Santos, T.; Cardoso, V.N.

    2008-01-01

    F(ab') 2 is the fragment involved in the immunotherapy for scorpion stings and it would be convenient to label it with 99m Tc for organ distribution and pharmacokinetics studies. The aim of the present study was to label scorpion antivenom F(ab') 2 with 99m Tc keeping its biological activity, integrity and stability. High labeling yield was obtained using stannous chloride and sodium borohydride. Stability, immunoreactivity and integrity of 99m Tc-F(ab') 2 was preserved. It was not observed any difference between potencies of unlabeled and labeled antivenom. 99m Tc-F(ab') 2 can be a useful tool for use in biodistribution and pharmacokinetics studies on the evaluation of the efficacy of the antivenom against scorpion envenomation. (author)

  9. Validation of an ergonomic method to withdraw [99mTc] radiopharmaceuticals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blondeel-Gomes, Sandy; Marie, Solène; Fouque, Julien; Loyeau, Sabrina; Madar, Olivier; Lokiec, François

    2017-11-10

    The main objective of the present work was to ensure quality of radiopharmaceuticals syringes withdrawn with a "Spinal needle/obturator In-Stopper" system. Methods: Visual examinations and physicochemical tests are performed at T0 and T+4h for [ 99m Tc]albumin nanocolloid and T+7h for [ 99m Tc]eluate, [ 99m Tc] HydroxyMethylene DiPhosphonate and [ 99m Tc]Human Serum Albumin. Microbiological validation was performed according to European pharmacopoeia. Fingertip radiation exposure was evaluated to confirm the safety of the system. Results: Results show stable visual and physicochemical properties. The integrity of the connector was not affected after 30 punctures (no cores). No microbiological contamination was found on tested syringes. Conclusion: The system could be used 30 times. The stability of syringes drawing with this method is guaranteed up to 4 hours for [ 99m Tc]albumin nanocolloid and 7 hours for [ 99m Tc]eluate, [ 99m Tc]HydroxyMethylene DisPhosphonate and [ 99m Tc]Human serum albumin. Copyright © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

  10. Quality control studies of 99Mo used in 99Mo/99mTc generators produced at IPEN/CNEN-SP, Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Said, Daphne S.; Brambilla, Tania P.; Matsuda, Margareth M.N.; Osso Junior, Joao A.

    2015-01-01

    99m Tc is the most used radionuclide in nuclear medicine. In Brazil, the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators are produced exclusively by the Center of Radiopharmacy at IPEN-CNEN/SP, by importing 99 Mo from different suppliers. 99 Mo (t 1/2 = 66 h) is a fission product of 235 U, therefore, it can be accompanied by several radioisotopes that are highly prejudicial for human health, demanding a strict quality control of this product for generators safe use. The European Pharmacopoeia established some parameters and limits that evaluate the quality of the solution of sodium [ 99 Mo]molybdate, that is used as raw material for generator's production. The European Pharmacopoeia also recommends some analytical methods to perform these evaluations, however, it has been observed difficulties on the implementation of these methods by the generator's producers. These difficulties are probably related to the lack of practicability of the proposed methods and the extensive list of utilized reagents. In this work some procedures of the European Pharmacopoeia's quality control method for 99 Mo were evaluated. Different types of solid phase exchanger cartridges were tested for retention of 99 Mo in 3 different conditions. Cartridges that presented percentages of retention higher than 90% were also tested for separation of 99 Mo from possible contaminants (Ru e Te). The results shown that solid phase exchanger cartridges that presented percentages of retention of Mo higher than 90% also presented significant percentages of retention of Ru and Te. An alternative method for separation of 99 Mo from 131 I (other contaminant) are also proposed. (author)

  11. Preoperative radiological diagnosis by 99mTc·MIBI-99mTc subtraction scintigraphy for primary hyperparathyroidism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inouye, Takahiro; Tomita, Toshiki; Shinden, Seiichi; Takagi, Hitoshi; Kano, Shigeru.

    1996-01-01

    Preoperative radiological diagnosis constitutes the most important factor for the surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism. In this regard, MRI is useful for detecting the abnormal parathyroid, but it is often difficult to localize it using MRI only. It is thus necessary to combine this procedure with excellent subtraction scintigraphy. We performed both 201 Tl- 99m Tc and 99m Tc·MIBI- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy in seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and compared them the radiological results. Five patients presented parathyroid adenomas and the rest hypertrophy of the parathyroid. We could detect the abnormal parathyroid in four patients (57.1%) by 201 Tl- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy and in six patients (85.7%) by 99m Tc·MIBI- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy. We therefore believe that 99m Tc·MIBI- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy will become an essential examination for primary hyperparathyroidism rather than the presently employed 201 Tl- 99m Tc subtraction scintigraphy. (author)

  12. 99mTc-HYNIC-TNF analogues (WH701) derived from phage display peptide libraries for imaging TNF-receptor-positive ovarian carcinoma: Preclinical evaluation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xia, J.S.; Wu, H.; Xiang, Y.; Xia, T.; Li, H.

    2002-01-01

    Aim: In this investigation, 99m Tc-hydrazinonicotinyl-TNF analogs (WH701) was labeled using ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA) as coligand(A number of TNF analogs had been selected and synthesized using random phage-display peptides library in our lab ) and Pharmacokinetics and feasibility studies were performed for its potential use as diagnostic radiopharmaceutical. Material and Methods: The peptide was radiolabeled with 99mTc using HYNIC as a bifunctional chelator and EDDA as coligand. The complexes were characterized by HPLC. The in vitro stability of the radiolabeled peptide WH701 in serum and in phosphate buffer were examined simultaneity. Biodistribution studies were conducted to determine the in vivo characteristics of the complexes. The tumor uptake and image were also conducted in HOC8 tumor-bearing nude mice. Results: The peptide analog permitted efficient incorporation of 99mTc. The preparation of 99mTc-WH701 was stable in vitro. HPLC analysis of the urine samples collected after injection of 99mTc-WH701 showed that the radioactivity elution profile and Rt of the peak were similar to those of the preparation injected. Studies in vivo suggested that the biological activity of the peptide was not compromised. The agent cleared rapidly from the blood. The labeled peptide was shown in the mouse model to localize rapidly and specifically in site of tumor. Images of diagnostic quality could be obtained within 30 min post-administration in all studies. Conclusion: The TNF analogue peptide WH701 can be radiolabeled with 99mTc by HYNIC using EDDA as coligand without loss of affinity, and the 99mTc -WH701 is not degraded in serum and shows radiochemical stability for an extended period of time in vitro. The high specific tumor uptake, rapid blood clearance, and predominantly renal excretion make 99mTc -WH701 a promising candidate for tumor imaging. This agent is worthy of further investigation

  13. Labelling of red blood cells with 99m pertechnetate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vyth, A.; Raam, C.F.

    1979-07-01

    This paper describes a method for labelling red blood cells with 99mTc in vitro, using electrolytically generated stannous ions as the reducing agent for 99mTc-pertechnetate. A labelling of 95% was found. A method for the in vivo labelling of red blood cells is also reported. This involves an injection of a stanno-DTPA-complex followed 20 minutes later by a 99mTc-pertechnetate solution scintillation camera images show more background activity when the in vivo method of labelling is used

  14. Cancer imaging with CEA antibodies: historical and current perspectives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goldenberg, D M

    1992-01-01

    This article reviews the history and status of cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Although CEA and many other cancer-associated antigens are not distinct for neoplasia, the quantitative increase of these markers in malignant tissues provides a sufficient differential for selective antibody targeting. Animal studies with xenografted human tumors provided the first evidence of the prospects of this technology, followed by initial clinical success with purified goat whole IgG antibodies to CEA, labeled with 131I and with the use of dual-isotope subtraction methods. Subsequently, improved and earlier imaging could be accomplished with monoclonal antibody fragments, which then would permit the use of shorter-lived radionuclides, such as 111In, 123I, and 99mTc. The preferred use of a monoclonal anti-CEA IgG Fab' fragment, labeled with 99mTc by a recently developed, simple and rapid kit, has enabled the detection of small lesions, including those in the liver, within 4 h of injection. By means of SPECT imaging, a high sensitivity and specificity for RAID could be achieved.

  15. Solid targets for 99mTc production on medical cyclotrons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hanemaayer, V.; Buckley, K.R.; Klug, J.; Ruth, T.J.; Schaffer, P.; Zeisler, S.K.; Benard, F.; Kovacs, M.; Leon, C.

    2014-01-01

    Recent disruptions in the molybdenum-technetium generator supply chain prompted a review of non-reactor based production methods for both 99 Mo and 99m Tc. Small medical cyclotrons (E p ∼ 16-24 MeV) are capable of producing Curie quantities of 99m Tc from isotopically enriched 100 Mo using the 100 Mo(p,2n) 99m Tc reaction. Unlike most other metallic target materials for routine production of medical radioisotopes, molybdenum cannot be deposited by reductive electroplating from aqueous salt solutions. To overcome this issue, we developed a new process for solid molybdenum targets based on the electrophoretic deposition of fine 100 Mo powder onto a tantalum plate, followed by high temperature sintering. The targets obtained were mechanically robust and thermally stable when irradiated with protons at high power density. (author)

  16. A simple and sensitive separation technique of 99Mo and 99mTc from their equilibrium mixture

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swadesh Mandal; Ajoy Mandal

    2014-01-01

    The present work describes a simple and inexpensive separation method of 99 Mo from the equilibrium mixture. The liquid-liquid extraction technique has been employed to separate 99 Mo and 99m Tc using triisooctylamine (TIOA). The 99 Mo and 99m Tc were quantitatively separated out in 2 M TIOA with tripled distilled water; 99m Tc was back extracted from TIOA organic phase to aqueous phase by 0.1 M DTPA. The species information or indirect speciation of molybdenum was also established by the extraction profile of the molybdenum. (author)

  17. Biodistribution studies of {sup 99m}Tc-labeled myoblasts in a murine model of muscular dystrophy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Colombo, F.R. E-mail: colombof@policlinico.mi.it; Torrente, Y.; Casati, R.; Benti, R.; Corti, S.; Salani, S.; D' Angelo, M.G.; DeLiso, A.; Scarlato, G.; Bresolin, N.; Gerundini, P

    2001-11-01

    The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to evaluate the myoblast labeling of various {sup 99m}Tc complexes and to select the complex that best accomplishes this labeling, and second to evaluate the biodistribution of myoblasts labeled with this complex using mice with MDX muscular dystrophy (the murine homologue of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy). The following ligands were used to prepare the corresponding {sup 99m}Tc complexes: hexakis-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI), bis(2-ethoxyethyl)diphosphinoethane (Tf), (RR,SS)-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-undecane-2,10-dione-bisoxime (HM-PAO), bis(N-ethyl)dithiocarbamate (NEt), and bis(N-ethoxy, N-ethyl)dithiocarbamate (NOEt). One million murine myoblasts were incubated for 30-60 minutes with 5 mCi of each of the 99mTc complexes prepared from the above ligands. Viability was assessed by microscopic counting after trypan blue staining, and the radioactivity absorbed in the cells was measured after centrifugation. The compound with the highest uptake in cellular pellets was [{sup 99m}Tc]N-NOEt. The biodistribution of myoblasts labeled with this complex was evaluated after intraaortic injection in dystrophic mice. Such an approach has the potential of effecting widespread gene transfer through the bloodstream to muscles lacking dystrophin.

  18. Design of a type - a transport package for 99Mo-99mTc Coltech generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kothalkar, Chetan; Suryanarayana, G.V.; Dey, A.C.; Sachdev, S.S.; Choughule, N.; Murali, S.

    2012-01-01

    BRIT is launching a new product called 99 Mo- 99m Tc Coltech generator. The Coltech generator is a devise designed for the transport of 99 Mo radioisotope adsorbed on the acidic alumina in a sealed glass column (max dimensions: 13 mm diameter, 70 mm height) as the primary containment. At hospital end, 99m Tc, the daughter product of 99 Mo, can be eluted out from the generator using saline. The active column is fitted with a leak proof network of stainless steel needles. The glass column carrying 99 Mo is housed inside a lead shielding having minimum thickness of 50 mm all around, which serves as secondary containment. The shielding is housed inside the ABS shell which acts as tertiary containment, also provides protection to the needles, filters etc. Total weight of the generator is 16 kg. Based on the AERB code SC/TR-1 (being revised), 99 Mo- 99m Tc Coltech generator will be transported in a Type-A transport container. A transport package has been designed by following the code SC/TR-1. Principle design of the package is based on the package for transportation of the similar generator produced by POLATOM, Poland and the package is approved by the Polish regulatory authority. Components are manufactured locally taking care of lndian conditions. The package comprised of a MS drum (HOBBOCK) with tamper proof lockable MS lid and a handle to assist in lifting. For absorbing the shock during transportation, the generator assembly is packed inside the two pieces EPS top and bottom support. The package has been designed for transportation by all modes of transport. Since radioactive material is solid in form and sealed a glass column, it has been designed to sustain a free drop test of 1.2 m, in addition to other tests specified in SC/TR-1. During trial batches upto ∼ 1 Ci of 99 Mo generators were produced, packed in the same Type-A package and supplied to local nuclear medicine center RMC, Mumbai in BRIT vehicle in consultation with AERB. The radiometry of the packages

  19. The crisis of 99Mo. Current trends and challenges

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leyva, René; Duatti, Adriano

    2016-01-01

    In recent years they have exacerbated the problems with the availability of 99 Mo in the international market for the production of radio isotopic generators 99 Mo / 99 mTc. The main situation is given by the shutdown, maintenance or damage to the nuclear reactors of the reductor plants. The search for solutions, analysis of alternatives and development of new methods for the 99 Mo, the well-known workhorse of nuclear medicine, are addressed in this paper. Are interesting new routes using cyclotrons. Also shown are the steps taken internationally to alleviate the growing demand against a limited supply in production. (author)

  20. Hepatic accumulation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diphosphonate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayashi, Sanshin; Oyama, Kazuyuki; Hirakawa, Ken; Akaike, Akira; Kogure, Takashi

    1977-01-01

    Six cases of hepatic accumulation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-EHDP (ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate) were encountered among 31 cases of bone scintigram. There were no uniformly common factors in sex, age, disease, liver function, or other laboratory data in these six patients. Colloidal formation was suspected since sup(99m)Tc-Sn-EHDP accumulated in the liver and spleen. EHDP vials from the same kit were analyzed and nothing abnormal was detected. EHDP vials of the same lot number were used in all of 31 cases. Samples of sup(99m)Tc eluate obtained from the same generator used to prepare EHDP and saline eluent from the same stock material used to elute the generator were analyzed. A small amount of aluminum ion and other oxidizer were found but they were thought to be insufficient as factors in the high liver uptake of EHDP because of too small a quantity. pH of sup(99m)Tc eluate was not unusual. Colloidal formation at the time of preparation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-EHDP is not conceivable since most of the patients undergo bone scintigram without hepatic accumulation. It was assumed that somatic metallic ion substance, serum protein, or other endogeneous matter was responsible for the high liver uptake of EHDP. (auth.)

  1. Radiation-dosimetry and chemical-toxicity considerations for 99Tc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coffey, J.L.; Hayes, R.L.; Rafter, J.J.; Watson, E.E.; Carlton, J.E.

    1982-01-01

    Technetium-99 (T/sub 1/2/ = 2.13 x 10 5 y) is produced in the fission of 235 U and 239 Pu. Technitium-99 has been found to contaminate some areas of the uranium re-enrichment process. ICRP-30 Part 2 gives the Annual Limit on Intake (ALI) for 99 Tc as 2 x 10 8 Bq (5.4 mCi) for class D inhaled material (IC80). The ICRP states clearly that ALIs are based on radiation risk only and that chemical toxicity is not considered (IC79). No data were found on the chemical toxicity of 99 Tc, possibly because there are no stable isotopes of technetium with which to study the toxicity, although, because of its long T/sub 1/2/, 99 Tc can, for all practical purposes, be considered stable. The ALI values for 99 Tc are based on data obtained using high specific activity /sup 99m/Tc (T/sub 1/2/ = 6 h) and /sup 95m/Tc (T/sub 1/2/ = 61 days). Since the specific activities of 99 Tc and Na 99 TcO 4 are quite low (17 mCi/g and 9 mCi/g, respectively) and 99 Tc is available in abundant supply, we have attempted to assess the relative radiation and chemical hazards that are associated with this radionuclide. The approach in this study was (1) to study the effect of chemical dose on the whole body retention of 99 Tc sodium pertechnetate in rats and to relate these effects to the radiation dose and the ALI and (2) to compare the chemical toxicity of 99 Tc sodium pertechnetate with the ALI at different chemical dose levels

  2. 99mTc labelled peptides for imaging of peripheral receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mustanser, J.; Anjum, A.

    2001-01-01

    Several peptides are being used as radiopharmaceuticals for receptor imaging scintigraphy. The peptide receptors are found in the tumours of various sites in the human body. Somatostatin is one of those, which is expressed by a variety of tumours say in brain cortex, medullary carcinoma of thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas and gut. Therefore neuropeptides based on somatostatin analogues are labelled with different radionuclide, 123 I and 111 In. Efforts are underway to label RC-160 (an analogue of somatostatin) with 99m Tc because of its favourable radiation dosimetry, short half-life, low price, high count rate and better diagnostic efficacy. In this project various methods of labelling RC-160 with different radionuclides 125 I and 99m Tc have been studied in detail. Radioiodination of RC-160 was tried with 125 I using the iodogen method as directed and then with Chloramine T method. Labelling of RC-160 peptide with 99m Tc was done using two different aspects. Direct labelling with 99m Tc and indirect labelling with 99m Tc using double chelating agents. Radiochemical quality control was carried out applying instant thin layer chromatography using ITLC-SG strips in 85% of methanol. Later the HPLC analysis was used for its evaluation. To label RC-160 with 99m Tc the approach of direct labelling was attempted first. 46% labelling could be achieved with 95% of radiochemical purity. The biodistribution of 99m Tc-RC-160 complex in rats has also been studied to determine uptake in various sites of somatostatin receptors. Eventually, attempt was made to synthesize biomolecule by conjugating Boc protected RC-160 with benzoyl MAG-3. As a result 80% of Boc-RC-160 went under conjugation with benzoyl MAG-3. (author)

  3. A novel electrochemical technique for the production of clinical grade 99mTc using (n, γ)99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chakravarty, Rubel; Dash, Ashutosh; Venkatesh, Meera

    2010-01-01

    Introduction: In order to meet the growing demand for 99m Tc and to reduce the reliance on fission-produced 99 Mo, an electrochemical pathway for accessing 99m Tc through the (n, γ) 99 Mo was explored as a back-up measure and to supplement 99m Tc supply for radiopharmaceuticals application. Methods: 99m Tc from an equilibrium mixture of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc was selectively deposited on a platinum cathode in an electrochemical cell by applying optimal voltage and stripped back again into the 0.9% saline solution. The radiochemical and radionuclidic purity of the product were determined using standard techniques. 99m Tc thus obtained was used for labeling standard ligands such as dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and ethylene dicysteine (EC), to ascertain the usability. Results: Selective deposition of 99m Tc on the platinum electrode was achieved at a potential of 5 V over a period of 1 h in NaOH electrobath. The overall yield of 99m Tc was >90%, with >99.99% radionuclidic purity and >99% radiochemical purity. The performance of the generator remained consistent over a period of 10 days. The compatibility of the product in the preparation of 99m Tc-labeled formulations such as 99m Tc-DMSA and 99m Tc-EC was found to be satisfactory in terms of high labeling yields (>98%). Conclusion: A novel and attractive method has been developed to obtain highly concentrated 99m Tc, without using fission-produced 99 Mo.

  4. Liver hemangioma: diagnosis with double 99mTc labelling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piga, M.; Satta, L.; Loi, G.; Careddu, A.; Corrias, N.; Montaldo, C.; Schiffini, P.; Dore, F.; Madeddu, G.

    1990-01-01

    The authors report on their experience with liver hemangioma (LH) diagnosis by means of a semplified method- that is, the simultaneous, in vivo, double labelling of liver reticuloendothelial system (RES) and of red blood cells (RBC) by 99m Tc. Twenty-eight patients with US diagnosis of suspected LH and 15 controls were examined after sequential iv injection of SnCl 2 , of 99m Tcμcolloid albumin and, after liver scintigraphy, of 99m Tc-pertechnetate to conclude in vivo RBC labelling. All patients underwent CT and, if necessary, CT-guided biopsy. Focal colloid defects were shown in 6/28 cases (expansive process). 15/15 controls showed unchanged non-filling defects after double labelling. Finally, the authors point out that, in the diagnosis of LH, sequential double labelling of liver RES and RBC appears to be a quicker scintigraphic techique than conventional ones. Moreover, this technique has the same high specificity and sensitivity as more time-consuming ones

  5. The interest of the C15O2 method for the left to right cardiac shunts evaluation. A comparison with the sup(99m)Tc pertechnetate method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Therain, F.; Gros, J.; Debrun, D.; Blond, M.T.; Valois, M.

    1982-01-01

    99mTc pertechnetate dilution method (TcM) is a reference for the left to right shunts (L→RS) evaluation as well as oxymetry is. Another radionuclide method using C 15 O 2 (CO 2 M) was compared with TcM. The results obtained with CO 2 M confirm the reliability of the CO 2 M for the L→RS investigation. Characteristics of both non invasive radionuclide methods are summarized. The advantages of CO 2 M are that it is always available even in presence of valvular insufficiency, severe congestive heart failure, multiple cardiac lesions and that it is always repeatable giving an intra assay control unaccessible to TcM and finally it produces a much lower radiation absorbed dose with a special interest for children investigations

  6. 99mTc labeled VIP analog: evaluation for imaging colorectal cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rao, P.S.; Thakur, M.L.; Pallela, V.; Patti, R.; Reddy, K.; Li, H.; Sharma, S.; Pham, H.L.; Diggles, L.; Minami, C.; Marcus, C.S.

    2001-01-01

    Early and reliable diagnosis of colorectal cancer continues to be demanding and challenging. Colorectal cancer cells express Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) receptors in high density. We have prepared a VIP analog (TP3654), labeled it with 99m Tc, and evaluated it in experimental animals as an agent for imaging colorectal cancer. The tissue distribution of 99m Tc-TP3654 has been compared with that of 111 In-DTPA-Octreotide and 99m Tc-anti-CEA scan in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer LS174T. Finally, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of 99m Tc-TP3654 have been performed in four normal human volunteers. Data suggest that 99m Tc-TP3654 can be prepared efficiently without loss of its receptor specificity and biological activity. Although the 24 hr tumor uptake of 99m Tc-TP3654 in the animal model used was modest (0.21 ± 0.07% I.D./g), the tissue distribution profile was more favorable than that of 111 In-DTPA-Octreotide or 99m Tc-anti-CEA scan. Human studies indicated that 99m Tc-TP3654 had no adverse effect in any subject. Within 24 hours, approximately 70% of the injected dose cleared through the kidneys, and approximately 20% through the hepatobiliary system. In these non-fasting volunteers hepatobiliary clearance was slow and in cancer patients tumor uptake was rapid. Data suggest that 99m Tc-TP3654 is a promising agent for imaging colorectal cancer

  7. Labelling and quality control of 99mTc labelled somatostatin analogues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poramatikul, N.; Sangsuriyan, J.; Kongpeth, P.; Ngamprayad, T.; Laloknam, S.; Permtermsin, C.; Madsomboon, N.

    2001-01-01

    To standardize interlaboratory reproducibility, iodination of RC-160 with 125 I and direct labelling of RC-160 with 99m Tc, quality control and binding assay were performed. Two conjugated peptides, HYNIC-RC-160 and MAG-3-RC-160, were synthesized. The conjugated peptides were radiolabelled with 99m Tc via co-ligands; 99m Tc-MAG-3-RC-160 via glucoheptonate, 99m Tc-HYNIC-RC-160 via EDDA and tricine. Conditions for labelling were optimized. Analytical and purification methods for the labelled products were developed. Radiochemical purity test of 99m Tc labelled peptides was performed by HPLC with gradient elution of 0.1%TFA/water and acetonitrile, or by ITLC-SG in saline and in 50% acetonitrile. The contaminants in 99m Tc radiolabelled product were separated by elution from SEPPAK C-18 cartridge by 0.1% acetic acid and the pure product was eluted out of SEPPAK column by 50% acetonitrile with about 68% recovery. Stability of the purified 99m Tc-MAG3-RC-160 stored at -20 deg. C was more than 72 h. 99m Tc-MAG-3-RC-160 showed a high equilibrium dissociation constant with K D of 26 pmole/mg protein and B max of 7.9 mM. (author)

  8. Evaluation of the effect of an extract of sabugueiro (Sambucus australis) on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ribeiro, Camila Godinho; Rebello, Bernardo Machado; Neves, Rosane de Figueiredo; Santos-Filho, Sebastiao David; Fonseca, Adenilson de Souza da; Medeiros, Aldo da Cunha; Bernardo-Filho, Mario; Catanho, Maria Teresa Jansem de Almeida

    2007-01-01

    Sambucus australis (sabugueiro) has been used to treat inflammatory and rheumatologic disorders. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have been used in nuclear medicine to obtain diagnostic images. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a sabugueiro extract on the labeling of blood cells with 99mTc. Blood samples from Wistar rats were incubated with sabugueiro extract and the radiolabeling assay of blood constituents was carried out. After centrifugation, samples of plasma and blood cells were separated. Aliquots of plasma and blood cells were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and centrifuged to isolate soluble and insoluble fractions. The radioactivity in each fraction was counted and the percentage of activity (%ATI) was determined. Incubation with sabugueiro extract altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI incorporated to the blood constituents. These results could be explained due the presence of chemical substances in the sabugueiro extract that present redox and/or chelating action altering the labeling of the blood constituents with 99mTc. (author)

  9. About 250 cases of skeletal scintiscanning using sup(99m)Tc-labelled stannous pyrophosphate. Analytical and critical study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suss, Leopold.

    1975-01-01

    The physical and biological characteristics of 85 Sr, 87 Sr, 18 F and sup(99m)Tc, four radionuclides suitable for skeletal imaging are reviewed. Their mechanism of localization, advantages and disadvantages are described. The physical characteristics and relative tissue concentration of sup(99m)Tc compare favorably to those of the other bone-seeking radionuclides. 250 cases of various skeletal diseases are presented, using sup(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate as a skeletal imaging agent. This radiopharmaceutical proves to be useful particularly in the detection of bone metastases. Bone scans, however, are not 100% positive with metastatic diseases and false negative do occasionally occur. The scan is also helpful in demonstrating the extent of metastatic bone disease [fr

  10. The Diagnostic Efficiency of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Octreotate SPECT-CT in Comparison with 111In-Pentetrotide in the Detection of Neuroendocrine Tumours.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koçyiğit Deveci, Emel; Ocak, Meltem; Bozkurt, Murat Fani; Türker, Selcan; Kabasakal, Levent; Uğur, Omer

    2013-12-01

    The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficiency of (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Octreotate in comparison with (111)Inpentetrotide scintigraphy in the detection of neuroendocrine tumors. This study also evaluates the impact of SPECT-CT hybrid imaging on somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) interpretation and clinical management of these tumors. Fourteen patients were included in the study. All patients underwent a whole body and SPECT-CT imaging with both (99m)Tc- EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate and (111)In-pentetrotide. Images were evaluated both visually and semiquantitatively. On patient basis, the diagnostic results of both studies were similar. The number of lesions detected by (99m)Tc- EDDA/HYNICOctreotate were higher than the number of lesions detected by (111)In-pentetrotide however the difference was not significant (40/43( 93%), 36/43 (83%) p=0.109). Semiquantitative analysis showed higher tumor/organ count ratios for both whole-body and SPECT (99m)Tc- EDDA/HYNIC-Octreotate scans. The results of this study suggested that, (99m)Tc- EDDA/HYNIC-Octreotate may be a better alternative to (111)In- pentetrotide due to high image quality and lower radiation dose. SPECT/CT is a valuable tool for the assessment of neuroendocrine tumors by providing the precise anatomic localization of scintigraphic findings thus improving lesion detectability and characterization. None declared.

  11. Clinical comparison of 99mTc exametazime and 123I Ioflupane SPECT in patients with chronic mild traumatic brain injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Newberg, Andrew B; Serruya, Mijail; Gepty, Andrew; Intenzo, Charles; Lewis, Todd; Amen, Daniel; Russell, David S; Wintering, Nancy

    2014-01-01

    This study evaluated the clinical interpretations of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using a cerebral blood flow and a dopamine transporter tracer in patients with chronic mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal was to determine how these two different scan might be used and compared to each other in this patient population. Twenty-five patients with persistent symptoms after a mild TBI underwent SPECT with both (99m)Tc exametazime to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and (123)I ioflupane to measure dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. The scans were interpreted by two expert readers blinded to any case information and were assessed for abnormal findings in comparison to 10 controls for each type of scan. Qualitative CBF scores for each cortical and subcortical region along with DAT binding scores for the striatum were compared to each other across subjects and to controls. In addition, symptoms were compared to brain scan findings. TBI patients had an average of 6 brain regions with abnormal perfusion compared to controls who had an average of 2 abnormal regions (pTBI symptoms. Both types of scans might have distinct uses in the evaluation of chronic TBI patients depending on the clinical scenario.

  12. Determination of 99Mo in 99mTc eluates used in nuclear medicine centers in Rio de Janeiro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ribeiro, Bianca da S.; Souza, Raphael S.S.; Lucena, Eder A.; Dantas, Ana Leticia A.; Dantas, Bernardo M.

    2009-01-01

    99m Tc is used in nuclear medicine for image diagnoses with SPECT. It is obtained from the elution of molybdenum-99/technetium-99m ( 99 Mo/ 99m Tc) generators. During the elution, 99 Mo can detach from the column, passing through the filter and mixing in the solution of pertechnetate eluate and becoming a radionuclidic impurity. The presence of molybdenum in the radiopharmaceutical solution imparts an unnecessary radiation dose to the patient, since its half-life is relatively long (66 hours) and it emits beta particles and high-energy photons of (740 keV). A parameter that indicates the quality of the eluates is the radionuclidic purity, the MBT (molybdenum break through), defined as the ratio between 99 Mo and 99m Tc activities in the eluate. The American and the European Pharmacopoeias restrict 99 Mo content to respectively 0.015% and 0.1% activity ratio 99 Mo/ 99m Tc at the time of the administration to the patient. In Brazil, this parameter is not controlled by official regulations. The objective of this work is to determine the presence of 99 Mo in the eluates used in nuclear medicine centers (NMC). The activity measurements of 99 Mo were performed with a NaI(Tl)8''x4'' scintillation detector installed in the IRD whole body counter. The activity of 99m Tc was measured in the NMC where the eluates were collected and, using the established calculations, it was determined the activity ratio 99 Mo/ 99m Tc. The eluate samples were kindly supplied by the participating NMC of Rio de Janeiro. All measurements indicated the presence of 99 Mo. It is concluded that the technique is sensitive to detect 99 Mo in 99m Tc eluates and permits to verify the quality of the generators used in NMC evaluated in this study. (author)

  13. Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy (SRS) with 99m-Tc HYNIC-TOC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zarlenga, A.C.; Parma, P.; Arashiro, J.; Castiglia, S.; Obenaus, E.

    2002-01-01

    Background: This compound is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin by conjugating the Hydrazinocotinamide (Hynic) to Tyr 3 -Octreotide (Toc) radiolabeling via quelation with 99m Tc. Purpose: We have analyzed the feasibility in detecting neuroendocrine tumors (NET) by somatostatin receptor with 99m Tc Hynic-Toc. Methods: After comparative studies between 99m Tc Hynic-Toc and 111 In (pentetreotide) with excellent correlation, we have performed 48 scintigrams with 99m Tc Hynic-Toc. 35 patients with suspicions of NET were included (19 women, 16 men. Age range 22-75 y). We have performed planar images at 1,2,24 hs and tomographic images at 150 min after intravenous injection of 740 MBq 99m Tc Hynic-Toc. We compare the results with other diagnosis modalities and /or the histopathological findings after biopsy or surgery. Results: True Positive:17; True Negative:11; False Positive: 4; False Negative:3. Specificity=73.3%; Sensitivity=85%; Accuracy=80%; Not adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: 99m Tc Hynic-Toc is not limited availability of the isotope. It is a suitable radiopharmaceutical for in vivo evaluation to define tumor receptor status, staging, and for identification of patients who may benefit from therapy with somatostatin. The tumor uptake at 24 hs allows a better visualization of abdominal tumor sites. Tc Hynic-Toc is an alternative to 111 In-pentetreotide for imaging somatostatin receptor positive tumors. The study was offered to patients whom the scintigraphy with 111 In-pentetreotide offers a diagnosis alternative with high specificity and accessible cost

  14. Determination of the worst case for cleaning validation of equipment used in the radiopharmaceutical production of lyophilized reagents for {sup 99m}Tc labelling

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Porto, Luciana Valeria Ferrari Machado; Fukumori, Neuza Taeko Okasaki; Matsuda, Margareth Mie Nakamura, E-mail: luciana.porto@anvisa.gov.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Radiofarmacia

    2016-01-15

    Cleaning validation, a requirement of the current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) for Drugs, consists of documented evidence that cleaning procedures are capable of removing residues to predetermined acceptance levels. This report describes a strategy for the selection of the worst case product for the production of lyophilized reagents (LRs) for labeling with {sup 99m}Tc from the Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/Sao Paulo). The strategy is based on the calculation of a 'worst case index' that incorporates information about drug solubility, cleaning difficulty, and occupancy rate in the production line. It allowed a reduction in the required number of validations considering the possible manufacturing flow of a given product and the subsequent flow, thus facilitating the process by reducing operation time and cost. The products identified as 'worst case' were LRs PUL-TEC and MIBI-TEC. (author). (author)

  15. Country report: United Kingdom. Bifunctional bisphosphonate complexes with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 188}Re for the diagnosis and therapy of bone metastases

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Torres Martin de Rosales, Rafael; Blower, P.J., E-mail: rafael.torres@kcl.ac.uk, E-mail: philip.blower@kcl.ac.uk [Division of Imaging Sciences, King' s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas Hospital, London (United Kingdom)

    2010-07-01

    1,1-Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a family of compounds extensively used in the management of disorders of bone metabolism.{sup 1} They accumulate in areas of high bone metabolism, such as bone metastases, and consequently have been receiving increasing attention as molecular imaging probes and pain palliation treatments.{sup 2} Imaging bone metastases with BPs using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or planar scintigraphy is one of the most often-performed clinical imaging procedures. Beta-emitting analogues capable of producing a therapeutic effect have also been developed.{sup 3} In particular, the rhenium compounds {sup 186/188}Re-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonate ({sup 186/188}Re-HEDP) have shown promise as palliative agents for bone metastases in recent clinical trials.{sup 4} The radiochemicals consist of a complex of a BP (e.g. methylene diphosphonate, MDP) with gamma- ({sup 99m}Tc) or beta- ({sup 186/186}Re) emitters.

  16. Performance Evaluation of the VIDAS® Measles IgG Assay and Its Diagnostic Value for Measuring IgG Antibody Avidity in Measles Virus Infection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dina, Julia; Creveuil, Christian; Gouarin, Stephanie; Viron, Florent; Hebert, Amelie; Freymuth, Francois; Vabret, Astrid

    2016-01-01

    The objective of this study is primarily to compare the performance of the VIDAS® Measles immunoglobulin (Ig)G assay to that of two other serological assays using an immunoassay technique, Enzygnost® Anti-measles Virus/IgG (Siemens) and Measles IgG CAPTURE EIA® (Microimmune). The sensitivity and the agreement of the VIDAS® Measles IgG assay compared to the Enzygnost® Anti-measles Virus/IgG assay and the Measles IgG CAPTURE EIA® assay are 100%, 97.2% and 99.0%, 98.4%, respectively. The very low number of negative sera for IgG antibodies does not allow calculation of specificity. As a secondary objective, we have evaluated the ability of the VIDAS® Measles IgG assay to measure anti-measles virus IgG antibody avidity with the help of the VIDAS® CMV IgG Avidity reagent, using 76 sera from subjects with measles and 238 other sera. Different groups of populations were analyzed. In the primary infection measles group, the mean IgG avidity index was 0.16 (range of 0.07 to 0.93) compared to 0.79 (range of 0.25 to 1) in the serum group positive for IgG antibodies and negative for IgM. These data allow to define a weak anti-measles virus IgG antibody avidity as an avidity index (AI) 0.6. The VIDAS® Measles IgG assay has a performance equivalent to that of other available products. Its use, individual and quick, is well adapted to testing for anti-measles immunity in exposed subjects. PMID:27556477

  17. Synthesis, formulation of nucleo-equipment and biological studies of the {sup 99m} Tc-MAG{sub 3}; Sintesis, formulacion de nucleo-equipos y estudios biologicos de la {sup 99m} Tc-MAG{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reyes H, L; Lezama C, J; Ferro F, G

    1991-10-15

    Technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyl glycylglycylglycine ({sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3}) is introduced to replace o-iodohippurate (OIH) for renal function studies. In this paper we present the synthesis, labelling and biological evaluation of {sup 99m}Tc- MAG{sub 3} prepared in our laboratory. The precursor s-benzoyl-mercaptoacetyl glycyl glycylglycine (Bz-MAG{sub 3} ) was synthesized by condensation of glycylglycylglycine with chloroacetyl chloride to obtain chloroacetyl glycylglycylglycine and this product was condensate with sodium thiobenzoate. The Bz-MAG{sub 3} was characterized by IR and NMR. The labelling with {sup 99m}Tc was carried out at pH 9.0 using stannous chloride as a reducing agent with heating to boiling for 15 min. The benzoyl group is lost in this step, forming {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} complex with radiochemical purity of 99%. The biodistribution properties were evaluated in mice and a rapid renal extraction was apparent at the 10 minutes value (51.65% of the injected dose). The radiotracer was administered to 5 patients showing a good biological behavior. Based on these results, the {sup 99m}Tc-MAG{sub 3} is expected to have widespread clinical utility in Mexico. (Author)

  18. 99mTc by 99Mo produced at the ENEA-FNG facility of 14MeV neutrons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Capogni, M; Pietropaolo, A; Quintieri, L; Fazio, A; De Felice, P; Pillon, M; Pizzuto, A

    2018-04-01

    A severe supply crisis of 99 Mo, precursor of 99m Tc a diagnostic radionuclide largely used in Nuclear Medicine, occurred in 2008-2009 due to repeated shut-down of the two main (aged) fission reactors. An alternative route for producing 99 Mo by 100 Mo(n,2n) 99 Mo reaction was investigated at ENEA. The experiment, designed according to Monte Carlo simulations performed with the Fluka code, produced 99 Mo by irradiating a natural Molybdenum powdered target with 14MeV neutrons produced at the Frascati Neutron Generator. The 99 Mo specific activity was measured at metrological level by γ-ray spectrometry. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Evaluation of six new /sup 99m/Tc-IDA agents for hepatobiliary imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chervu, L.R.; Joseph, J.A.; Chun, S.B.; Rolleston, R.E.; Synnes, E.I.; Thompson, L.M.; Aldis, A.E.; Rosenthall, L.

    1988-10-01

    IDA derivatives of three substituted benzothiazol, and two substituted chlorophenyl and one substituted pyrazoline compounds have been labeled with /sup 99m/Tc and screened with four rat models with hepatocellular dysfunction manifesting varying degrees of change of liver architecture and hepatocellular damage associated with an active parenchymal destruction, fatty metamorphosis and cirrhosis. Organ distribution studies at 1 h postinjection have been compared in normal and diseased animal models for each agent labeled with /sup 99m/Tc and with /sup 99m/Tc-Disofenin (Disida) and Lidofenin (Hida) and /sup 131/I-Rose Bengal. From the data obtained with the six new IDA derivatives, the distribution kinetics of /sup 99m/Tc-Arclophenin, (N-N'-2-benzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)carbamoylmethyl) imino diacetic acid (Phenida), are closely comparable to /sup 99m/Tc-Disofenin in all animal models. Crossover patient studies (n = 14) for clinical evaluation of /sup 99m/Tc-Arclophenin vs /sup 99m/Tc-Disofenin indicate the close similarity of the 2 agents with regard to blood pool retention, gross liver/heart ratios and liver washout, suggesting Arclophenin as a suitable agent for hepatobiliary function studies. The impaired hepatocellular animal models presented should serve for fast screening of hepatobiliary agents and enable comparison of a series of closely related compounds.

  20. Evaluation of fibrinogen-DTPA-99mTc. Biodistribution and imaging studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lungu, V.; Mihailescu, G.; Fugaru, V.; Preda, A.

    1998-01-01

    Labelling with 99m Tc of fibrinogen, using DTPA anhydride as the bifunctional chelating agent, was studied in animals with venous thrombi. The parameters studied were: i) coupled reaction of 99m Tc with the fibrinogen-DTPA-Sn(II) in lyophilised form; ii) biodistribution studies of fibrinogen- 99m Tc in animals with venous thrombi, and iii) imaging studies by scintigraphic methods. The present study showed that the radiochemical purity of fibrinogen-DTPA- 99m Tc is > 95% for a maximum of 5 mCi (185 MBq) radioactivity of 99m Tc in the 1.5-2 ml volume. Above this level of radioactivity we found a drastic decrease in the radiochemical purity. The radioactivity ratio of the venous thrombi to the blood was 2.32+-0.45. The scintigraphic images showed a significant accumulation of fibrinogen-DTPA- 99m Tc in 1-hour-old thrombi, 1 hour after injection. From this results the diagnostic potential of fibrinogen-DTPA-Sn(II) in kit form was evaluated. (author)

  1. Nanostructured metal oxides: promise opportunity and challenge to develop clinically useful 99Mo/99mTc generators using (n, gamma)99Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dash, Ashutosh

    2014-01-01

    The role of 99m Tc diagnostic nuclear medicine needs hardly to be reiterated. Today, it is the most widely used radionuclide for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging procedures. The current strategy of availing 99m Tc is ensured from column chromatographic 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators using a bed of acidic alumina. While the column chromatographic 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator constitute a successful exemplar of availing 99m Tc, the limited capacity of alumina (2-20 mg Mo per g of alumina) for taking up molybdate ions necessitates the use of 99 Mo of the highest specific activity available, as can be found in fission produced 99 Mo (F 99 Mo). In order to reduce dependence of F 99 Mo, the scope of using low specific activity (n,γ) 99 Mo along with high capacity adsorbent is an interesting prospect. In this context, the scope of using nanomaterials as a viable adsorbent seemed attractive by virtue of their huge surface to volume ratios, altered physical properties, tailored surface chemistry, favorable adsorption characteristics, and enhanced surface reactivity resulting from the nanoscale dimensions. This emerging class of adsorbent represents an innovative paradigm and is expected to play an important role in the development of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators adaptable to the existing and foreseeable demands. This talk outlines a critical assessment on the role of nanostructured metal oxides, recent developments, the contemporary status, and key challenges and apertures to the near future. (author)

  2. Technetium-99m labeling anti-amastigote polyclonal antibodies of Leishmania amazonensis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Araujo, J.G.V.C.; Toledo, V.P.C.P.; Guimaraes, T.M.P.D.; Bernardo-Filho, M.; Simal, C.J.R.; Mota, L.G.; Diniz, S.O.F.; Cardoso, V.N.

    2002-01-01

    Anti-amastigote polyclonal antibody (IgG) was incubated with solutions of stannous chloride and sodium borohidride. After that, 3.7 MBq of technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) was added. A labeling yield of the antibody about 84% was obtained. After filtration of 99m Tc-IgG, the radiochemical purity increased from 84 to 95%. The labeling of IgG with 99m Tc did not modify the immunoreactivity of the antibody, since it was able to identify in vitro and in vivo the specific antigen of Leishmania amazonensis

  3. Radiolabeling, quality control and radiochemical purity assessment of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Melero, Laura T.U.H.; Araujo, Elaine B.; Mengatti, Jair

    2009-01-01

    Somatostatine receptors are widely expressed by several tumors, especially of the neuroendocrine origin. In vivo images of these tumors using radiolabeled somatostatine analogues became a useful clinical tool in oncology. The aim of this work was the radiolabeling of the somatostatine analogue HYNIC-TOC with 99mTc as well as the evaluation of the radiochemical stability and quality control of labeled complex. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was produced by labeling conditions using 20 μg of peptide, 20 mg of tricine and 10 mg of EDDA as coligands, 1110 MBq of 99mTc (99Mo-99mTc IPEN-TEC generator) and 15 μg of SnCl 2 .2H 2 O. The reaction proceeds for 10 minutes at boiling water bath. Radiochemical purity of labeled preparation was evaluated by different chromatographic systems: ITLC-SG in methanol:ammonium acetate (1:1); TLC-SG in sodium citrate buffer 0.1 N pH 5.0 and methylethylketone, and HPLC employing column C-18, 5 μm, 4.6 mm x 250 mm, UV (220 nm), radioactivity detectors, 1 mL/minute flow of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid solution 0.1 %. Labeled compound has been found radiochemically stable for 5 hours and radiochemical purity was higher than 90 %. The thin layer chromatographic systems enabled the separation of radiochemical species presented in the labeled mixture as well as HPLC system. The labeling procedure studied resulted in high radiochemical yield and easy preparation. Future works include the preparation of a lyophilized reagent to make feasible the preparation of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC at nuclear medicine services in order to study the clinical potential of the radiopharmaceutical in diagnostic and staging of neuroendocrine tumors. (author)

  4. The factors affecting MTC of thorium–plutonium-fuelled PWRs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zainuddin, Nurjuanis Zara; Parks, Geoffrey T.; Shwageraus, Eugene

    2016-01-01

    Plutonium loading in a plutonium–thorium (Pu–Th) mixed oxide (MOX) fuelled pressurized water reactor (PWR) core is typically constrained by large maximum radial form factors (RFF) and positive moderator temperature coefficient (MTC). The large form factors in higher Pu content fuels stem from the large differences in burnup, and thus reactivity, between fresh and burnt fuel, while positive MTC can potentially be the result of the high soluble boron concentrations needed to maintain criticality for such reactive fuel. The conventional solution to these problems is the use of burnable poisons (BPs). While BPs are able to reduce RFF, the positive MTC is not entirely due to a large critical boron concentration (CBC) requirement. In fact, analysis shows a positive MTC in Th–Pu fuel is mainly caused by fissioning in the epithermal–fast energy range. A reduction in epithermal–fast fissioning through the use of certain BPs and the strategic employment of loading patterns that encourage leakage are more effective in attaining negative MTC, as a reduction in CBC has a negligible effect on MTC. This paper examines the contributions to positive MTC by isotope and energy and identifies characteristics of BPs that are able to mitigate positive MTC in a Pu–Th MOX PWR core.

  5. Labelling of the platyhelminth dugesia tigrina with sup(99m) technetium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernardo Filho, M.; Pires, E.T.; Boasquevisque, E.M.; Hasson-Voloch, A.

    1989-01-01

    The study of the labelling of planaria with sup(99m)Tc shows that the incorporation of radioactivity in this platyhelminth increases with an increase in SnCl sub(2) concentration from 0.13 to 1.3 μM, reaching a plateau in the range of 1.3-130 μM them decreasing with 1300 μM. At concentrations of 1.3 and 13 μM SnCl sub(2), a stronger binding of sup(99m)Tc was obtained. The biological viability of the labelled planaria was not altered when the described methodology was used. The advantage of this new labelling technique is that it is possible to obtain a platyhjelminth preparation labelled with a radionuclide that is very cheap, is easily available and is a gamma emitter with a photon energy of 140 KeV. (author)

  6. The antibiotic peptide 99'MTc-alafosfalin detects inflamed bowel in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsopelas, C.; Bartholomeusz, D.; Penglis, S.; Ruszkiewicz, A.

    2002-01-01

    Full text: Radiolabelled leucocyte scans are established as an accurate method of detecting inflammatory bowel disease and focal infection but involve complex in vitro cell labelling techniques. As antibiotic peptides accumulate at sites of inflammation, we studied the localisation of the antibiotic dipeptide 99m Tc-alafosfalin in a rat model of colitis and compared it to the non-specific marker 99m Tc-DTPA. Distal colitis was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats (175g) 4 days following the rectal infusion of 1 ml trinitrobenzylsulphonic acid (80mg/ml; 30% aq. ethanol). Six colitic and 6 control rats were each injected intravenously with 5MBq 99m Tc-alafosfalin (>90% radiolabelling efficiency) and 5MBq 99m Tc-DTPA and organ and target site uptake measured by scintigraphy and quantitative counting of excised tissue (% injected dose/gram tissue) at 1 and 4 hours. Colitis was confirmed by histological examination of rectal specimens. The scans and tissue counts showed significant focal accumulation of 99m Tc-alafosfalin in inflamed rectum compared to normal bowel (p 99m Tc-alafosfalin compared to 99m Tc-DTPA (p=0.03). Copyright (2002) The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine Inc

  7. An extract of a formula used in the traditional chinese medicine (Buzhong Yi Qi Wan) alters the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Giani, Tania Santos; Paoli, Severo de; Brandao-Neto, Jose; Medeiros, Aldo da Cunha [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias da Saude. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias da Saude]. E-mail: tgiani@gmail.com; Presta, Giuseppe Antonio; Maiworm, Adalgisa Ieda; Santos Filho, Sebastiao David; Fonseca, Adenilson de Souza da [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes. Lab. de Radiofarmacia Experimental; Bernardo-Filho, Mario [Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisa Basica

    2007-09-15

    Buzhong Yi Qi Wan (Buzhong) is a medicinal herb widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat the digestive and circulatory systems. Red blood cell and plasma proteins labeled with technetium-99m ({sup 99m}Tc) are used in nuclear medicine. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of an aqueous Buzhong extract on the labeling of blood constituents with {sup 99m}Tc. Heparinized blood (Wistar rats) was incubated in vitro with different Buzhong extract concentrations and {sup 99m}Tc-labeling was performed. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were separated and soluble (SF-P, SF-BC) and insoluble (IF-P, IF-BC) fractions were isolated. The radioactivity on blood constituents was determined and the percentage of incorporated radioactivity (%ATI) was calculated. Buzhong extract at the highest concentrations used altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI in blood constituents. Substances present in the Buzhong extract could alter the cellular membrane and/or generation of free radicals that have oxidant properties modifying the labeling of blood constituents with {sup 99}mTc. (author)

  8. Methods for the quality control of macroaggregates and colloids labelled with technetium-99m. Part of a coordinated programme on radiopharmaceuticals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cifka, J.

    1975-09-01

    Comprehensive studies of the antimony sulphide and sulphur colloids labelled with sup(99m)Tc was performed by the authors. Similar studies dealing with human serum albumin macroaggregates labelled with sup(99m)Tc were also initiated. The labelling processes were studied to determine the possible chemical forms of technetium-99m not bound to the colloidal particles. It was found that pertechnetate-99m is not the only possible impurity in the case of the colloids. Technetium-99m may be present as an soluble tartrate complex in the case of antimony sulphide colloid or as a soluble chlorocomplex in the case of the sulphur colloid. Techniques for the control of these colloids were developed. A method for the determination of particle size of the sulphur colloid is also described

  9. Sensitivity of technetium-99m-d,1-HMPAO to radiolysis in aqueous solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tubergen, K.; Corlija, M.; Volkert, W.A.; Holmes, R.A.

    1991-01-01

    The sensitivity of technetium-99m- (99mTc) d,l-HMPAO to radiolytically induced dissociation in aqueous solutions was investigated. It was found that cobalt-60 (60Co) gamma irradiation of solutions containing 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO with only 1600 cGy reduced the lipophilic chelates' radiochemical purity (RCP) to 50%-60%. The radiolytic sensitivity of 99mTc-meso-HMPAO is significantly lower. The results indicate that radiolytically produced intermediates limit the in vitro stability of 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO

  10. 99mTc labeled anti EGFR Nanobody pentamer for tumor radioimmunoimaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ding Zhiling; Lan Xiaoli; Li Chongjiao; Pei Zhijun; Zhang Yongxue; Wang Lifei; Gao Bin

    2014-01-01

    Novel Nanobody has small molecular weight and lower affinity. Appropriate polymer would be more suitable for radioimmunoimaging. In this study, we labeled anti EGFR Nanobody pentamer with 99m Tc to prepare tumor targeting imaging agent and to investigate its binding characteristics of tumor cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the feasibility of 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody pentamer for tumor radioimmunoimaging compared with anti EGFR Nanobody monomer. EGFR Nanobody labeled with 99m Tc through tricarbonyl intermediate. The labeled compounds were purified by an ultra centrifugal filter; The labeling efficiency was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and the radiochemical purity more than 95%. In vitro, 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody monomer and pentamer have the specific binding capability with EGFR overexpression A431 tumor cell. the binding rate of 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody monomer higher than that of pentamer (11.32% ± 2.73% vs 5.80% ± 0.92%, P < O.05). In A431 xenografted tumor was clearly displayed after intravenous injection of 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody pentamer at l.5 h, T/NT maximum was 2.9 (1.5 h), whereas, the tumor tissues was not obviously found using 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody monomer. The negative EGFR expression OCM-I xenografted tumor was not showed in both monomer and pentamer tracer. The experiment indicated that 99m Tc-EGFR Nanobody pentamer are appropriate for tumor radioimmunoimaging and has the potential value for the further study. (authors)

  11. Placentography with technetium-99m labelled RBC - an evaluation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jayachandran, C.A.; Benjamin, C.S.; Balakrishnan; Narasimhan

    1983-01-01

    During 1979-80, placentography was performed in 40 cases of pregnant women with third trimester bleeding. Random labelled RBC with sup(99m)Tc of activity 2-3 mci was used, depending upon the weight of the patient. In 98% of cases, the isotope finding was confirmed. (author)

  12. Progress on the Development of (n,γ)99Mo/99mTc generator, an Alternative of Conventional Generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Jun Sig; Choi, Seung Rag; Nam, Seong Su; Park, Ul Jae; Son, Kwang Jae; Choi, Kang Hyuk; Choi, Sun Ju

    2010-01-01

    Even though different types of generators have been developed to extract 99m Tc, most of the generators uses 99 Mo from the fission products as the mother radionuclide of 99m Tc. Recently, the crisis of 99 Mo production becomes one of the international issues as 99m Tc is a dominant diagnostic radionuclide. The shortage of 99m Tc has been predicted in the society for more than 10 years. However, actions to prevent such crisis were slow as the initial investment to construct a new research reactor for the production of 99 Mo is high. Currently, it is expected the shortage of 99m Tc will last at least for more than 5 years. As an alternative to minimize such crisis, a new approach is proposed and studied. In this approach, the mother source of 99m Tc comes not from fission products but from the neutron irradiation of molybdenum oxide. Hence, most of the research reactors, which do not have capability to produce fission molybdenum, (n,f) 99 Mo can produce 99 Mo. The key issue in this approach is the uptake capacity of the generator column for (n, γ) 99 Mo, which has extremely low specific activity compared to (n,f) 99 Mo. Currently, the results from the research activities at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute have shown such approach has enough potential as an alternative of the conventional generator. Hence, the progress of the research is reported in this paper

  13. Utility of the dimercapto succinic acid pentavalent ({sup 99m} Tc- DMSA V) in the diagnostic of secondary bone leisure at metastasis of diverse primary tumours. Preliminary study; Utilidad del acido dimercapto succinico pentavalente ({sup 99m} Tc-DMSA V) en el diagnostico de lesiones oseas secundarias a metastasis de diversos tumores primarios. Estudio preliminar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ortega L, N [Hospital de Especialidades ' Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret' Centro Medico Nacional ' La Raza' , IMSS Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Pichardo R, P A [Medico Nuclear adscrito al servicio de Medicina Nuclear del Hospital de Oncologia, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Marquez H, A [Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, IMSS, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2005-07-01

    The more used method in the diagnosis of secondary bone lesions to become cancerous it is by means of having derived of phosphates like it is the {sup 99m}Tc- MDP. The reason of acquiring searching with the radiopharmaceutical {sup 99m}Tc- DMSA V is with the purpose to find other bone lesions that are not visualized with the gammagraphy with diphosphonate and therefore to increase the specificity of the study. (Author)

  14. Comparative evaluation of different nanostructured metal oxides for preparation of clinically useful 99Mo/99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ram, Ramu; Chakravarty, Rubel; Dash, Ashutosh

    2015-01-01

    The potential of nanostructured metal oxides such as nanotitania, nanozirconia, nanoalumina and mesoporous alumina, as new generation sorbent materials for preparation of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator has recently been demonstrated. A comparative assessment of such materials is essential for determination of their suitability for preparation of clinically useful generators using (n,γ) 99 Mo. Characteristics which were compared included the sorption capacity, shelf-life of the generator, radioactive concentration and purity of 99m Tc for radiopharmaceutical applications. Mesoporous alumina was identified as the most suitable sorbent for ensuring sustainable production of clinical grade 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators using low specific activity 99 Mo. (author)

  15. Reduced 99mTc labelled NCA-95/CEA-antibody uptake in liver due to gentle antibody reconstitution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reske, S.N.; Buell, U.

    1990-01-01

    The influence of reconstituting a murine monoclonal IgG 1 antibody kit with pertechnetate Tc99m on antibody distribution in the liver, spleen and sternal bone marrow of patients was examined. The 99m Tc-labelled antibody used is directed against non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA-95) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and has been successfully applied for imaging tissue inflammation and bone marrow scanning. Radioactivity uptake was determined in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and a precordial background region in a consecutive series of 25 patients, examined with an antibody preparation, routinely radiolabelled according to the manufacturer's recommendations and in 14 patients, in whom the antibody was reconstituted with special care, avoiding bubble formation and dropping of buffer into the antibody-containing vial. Gentle compared with routine antibody reconstitution caused a highly significant reduction of the antibody uptake in the liver, as determined by count densities, normalized to injected dose and acquisition time (13.2±5.5 vs 20.1±6.0 cpm per pixel, anti x±SD, P=0.008). The liver to background ratio was reduced from 3.4±1.4 to 1.9±0.5 (P<0.001). Spleen, sternal bone marrow and precordial background count rates were not significantly affected. These results clearly demonstrate that gentle antibody reconstitution can decrease non-specific antibody uptake in the liver by 34%±6.4% (anti x±SEM). Thus, scan quality is improved, and the potential deleterious camouflage of underlying structures is avoided. (orig.)

  16. Gfr estimation using 99mTc DTPA gates method for assessment of early diabetic nephropathy - a comparison with 24-hour creatinine clearance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghafoor, S.; Ali, M.K.; Khan, G.

    2014-01-01

    To correlate Gates glomerular filtration rate (GGFR) using technetium-99m diethylene triaminepentacetic acid (99mTc DTPA) with 24-hour creatinine clearance (CRCL) and to establish relationship with duration of diabetes in patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Study Design: A cross-sectional comparative study carried out in Nuclear Medical Centre from Aug 2009 to Jan 2010 at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Patients and Methods: A total of eighty three subjects were enrolled, who were divided into three groups; group 1 comprised 31 normotensive diabetics, group 2 had 37 hypertensive diabetics while group 3 had 15 normal subjects. The DTPA GFR and creatinine clearance in healthy subjects as well as diabetic patients were compared using the unpaired student's t-test. The linear association between GFR, creatinine clearance and disease duration was expressed by Pearson's correlation coefficient 'r' along with their significance levels. Results: Gates GFR showed hyperfiltration in normotensive diabetics (96.6 +- 3.3 ml/min/1.73 m/sub 2/), significantly (p<0.05) higher than controls (85.5 +- 5 ml/min/1.73 m/sub 2/), whereas hypertensive diabetics had a significantly lower (p<0.05) Gates GFR (76.8 +- 3.7) than that of controls. Significant degree of correlation existed between GGFR and CRCL in hypertensive diabetics (p<0.05, r=0.716) and controls (r=0.546). Gates GFR also showed good correlation with duration of diabetes in both diabetic groups as compared to that of CRCL. GGFR also correlated well with duration of hypertension 0.37 (0.31-0.43) as compared to CRCL 0.155 (0.15-0.16) in all groups. Conclusions: The 99mTc-DTPA clearance correlates significantly with 24-hour creatinine clearance as well as with disease duration and can provide a simple and convenient index of kidney function in patients of early diabetic nephropathy. (author)

  17. Performance study of molybdenum gels with titanium for preparation of 99Mo-99mTc generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moraes, Vanessa; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

    2005-01-01

    99m Tc is the most used radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine, due to nuclear characteristics. It is obtained by the radioactive decay of 99 Mo, generator of radioisotope system. When 99 Mo is produced by the activation in reactor, the most used technique for the preparation of the generators is the gel type generator, which incorporates 99 Mo to the gel that is insoluble, chemically inert to the solutions and with properties of ion exchange. Several countries had already studied this methodology, as is the case of Vietnam, India, China, Australian. This work has the objective of studying the performance and characterization of molybdenum gels with titanium. Four variables in the preparation of the gel were studied: mass ratio between Mo and Ti (1.80 and 2.25), concentration of NaOH (2 and 4 mol/L), final temperature (25 and 50 deg C) and pH (3.5 and 4.5). The prepared gels were analyzed with relation to the size of its particles, identification of its structure, amount of molybdenum, amount of titanium, profile of elution, pH of the elution, determination of the radioisotopes in the eluate and final radiochemical purity. The final result is a formularization of the gel with the best characteristics for posterior preparation of the generator of 99m Tc- 99 Mo. (author)

  18. Rapid noninvasive detection of experimental atherosclerotic lesions with novel 99mTc-labeled diadenosine tetraphosphates

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elmaleh, David R.; Narula, Jagat; Babich, John W.; Petrov, Artiom; Fischman, Alan J.; Khaw, Ban-An; Rapaport, Eliezer; Zamecnik, Paul C.

    1998-01-01

    The development of a noninvasive imaging procedure for identifying atherosclerotic lesions is extremely important for the clinical management of patients with coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Although numerous radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed for this purpose, none has demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy required to replace invasive angiography. In this report, we used the radiolabeled purine analog, 99mTc diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A; AppppA, P1,P4-di(adenosine-5′)-tetraphosphate) and its analogue 99mTc AppCHClppA for imaging experimental atherosclerotic lesions in New Zealand White rabbits. Serial gamma camera images were obtained after intravenous injection of the radiolabeled dinucleotides. After acquiring the final images, the animals were sacrificed, ex vivo images of the aortas were recorded, and biodistribution was measured. 99mTc-Ap4A and 99mTc AppCHClppA accumulated rapidly in atherosclerotic abdominal aorta, and lesions were clearly visible within 30 min after injection in all animals that were studied. Both radiopharmaceuticals were retained in the lesions for 3 hr, and the peak lesion to normal vessel ratio was 7.4 to 1. Neither of the purine analogs showed significant accumulation in the abdominal aorta of normal (control) rabbits. The excised aortas showed lesion patterns that were highly correlated with the in vivo and ex vivo imaging results. The present study demonstrates that purine receptors are up-regulated in experimental atherosclerotic lesions and 99mTc-labeled purine analogs have potential for rapid noninvasive detection of plaque formation. PMID:9435254

  19. Tumor affinity of technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. II. Sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diphosphonate (sup(99m)Tc-EHDP), sup(99m)Tc-Sn-dimercaptosuccinic acid (sup(99m)Tc-DMSA), sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diethyl stilbestrol diphosphate (sup(99m)Tc-DSDP)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Itoh, K; Kobayashi, S; Hisada, K; Tonami, N [Kanazawa Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine; Ando, A

    1976-10-01

    The authors have examined the tumor affinity of various sup(99m)Tc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals to Ehrlich's tumor for the purpose of delineating human malignant neoplasm positively. The biologic distributions of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diphosphonate (sup(99m)Tc-EHDP), sup(99m)Tc-Sn-dimercaptosuccinic acid (sup(99m)Tc-DMSA) and sup(99m)Tc-Sn-diethyl stilbestrol diphosphate (sup(99m)Tc-DSDP, sup(99m)Tc-Honvan) are included as the second report on the tumor affinity of Ehrlich-bearing mice. Tumor concentration of sup(99m)Tc-EHDP was lowest and the positive delineation of implanted tumor with sup(99m)Tc-EHDP was poorest in sequential images, though active accumulation in some soft tissues malignant neoplasms, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer, has been reported. Tumor concentration and the tumor-to-blood ratio of sup(99m)Tc-DMSA were not so high, contrary to our expectation that /sup 197/Hg-DMSA might show high tumor concentration and high tumor-to-blood ratio the same as /sup 197/Hg chlormerodrin of the renal scanning radiopharmaceuticals. Tumor concentration of sup(99m)Tc-DSDP was highest. The tumor-to-blood concentration ratio was lower than that of the above mentioned radiopharmaceuticals but the tumor-to-liver ratio and/or tumor-to-lung ratio was over 1.0 at the earlier time. Biologic distribution of sup(99m)Tc-DSDP was similar to that of /sup 32/P labeled DSDP. It is presumed that sup(99m)Tc is labeled at the phosphate ester of DSDP which is dephospholytated immediately by phospholylase in vivo following intravenous injection. Although it is not known precisely it may be assumed that the mechanism of accumulating sup(99m)Tc-DSDP in Ehrlich's tumor is related to the phospholylase activity in neoplasms.

  20. Labeling capability of the eluent of gel-type 99Mo-99mTc generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu Xiuduo; Zhang Jingu

    1995-01-01

    The results of more than 7909 imaging of various organs which have been carried out on domestic gel-type 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators in the last seven years are presented. In all the 220 times of determination for the radiochemical purity of a portion of imaging agents, there were 15 times in which the labeling efficiency was lower than 90% and only 3 times in which the radiolabeling failed. In comparison with labeling capability of nuclear fission generators, it is showed that there are no evident differences between the eluent's labeling efficiency of the two kinds of generators

  1. Cranial MR imaging and cerebral [sup 99m]Tc HM-PAO-SPECT in patients with subacute or chronic severe closed head injury and normal CT examinations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Prayer, L.; Wimberger, D.; Oder, W.; Kramer, J.; Schindler, E.; Podreka, I.; Imhof, H.

    1993-11-01

    Eighteen patients in the subacute or chronic state following severe closed head injury with normal cranial CT scans were examined by MR and [sup 99m]Tc HM-PAO SPECT. Correlations were sought between these 2 imaging modalities and the clinical outcome, as defined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOX) score. Both MR and SPECT revealed cerebral damage in all patients examined but structural and functional alterations did not coincide topographically in 64.9% of lesions. Nevertheless, complementary injury patterns suggesting poor recovery were found; cortical contusions and diffuse axonal injury (MR) in conjunction with cortical and thalamic hypoperfusion (SPECT) were noticed in 8 out of 12 patients with unfavorable outcome (GOS = III and IV). The synthesis of MR and SPECT information clearly enhanced the ability both to accurately assess posttraumatic brain damage and to improve patients' outcome prediction. (au) (18 refs.).

  2. Labelling and optimization of PHOTOFRIN registered with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fakhar-e-Alam, M.; Roohi, S.; Amir, N.; Zahoor, R.; Atif, M.; Firdous, S.

    2010-01-01

    PHOTOFRIN registered was labelled with 99m Tc using SnCl 2 .2H 2 O as reducing agent. Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC-SG) in 0.05 M NaOH was used for evaluation of radiochemical purity. Labelling efficiency was dependent on various factors that include the ligand/reductant ratio, pH and time of incubation. Therefore, optimum conditions of labelling were also determined. The stability of 99m Tc-PHOTOFRIN registered in serum was checked by using fresh human serum. Tissue distribution of 99m Tc-PHOTOFRIN registered was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. PHOTOFRIN registered was labelled with an efficiency of > 95% under optimum conditions, which were PHOTOFRIN registered : 200 μg, pH: 3-4, SnCl 2 .2H 2 O: 15 μg and 30 min incubation at room temperature. The 99m Tc-labelled PHOTOFRIN registered remained stable in human serum for 24 h. Biodistribution study in rats revealed maximum concentration of the labelled compound in liver, lungs and spleen at 0.5 h, and significant activity was also seen in the bladder and urine, indicating the mode of urinary excretion of PHOTOFRIN registered . (orig.)

  3. Biodistribution Study of the Anaesthetic Sodium Phenobarbital Labelled with Technetium-99m in Swiss Mice Infected with Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Balmant Emerique Simões

    1997-09-01

    Full Text Available Technetium-99m (99mTc is a radionuclide that has negligible enviromnental impact, is easily available, inexpensive and can be used as a radioactive tracer in biological experiences. In order to know the mode of action of sodium phenobarbital in moving adult Schistosoma mansoni worms from mesenteric veins to the liver, we labelled sodium phenobarbital (PBBT with 99mTc and a biodistribution study in infected and non-infected Swiss mice was performed. The PBBT was incubated with stannous chloride used as reducing agent and with 99mTc, as sodium pertechnetate. The radioactivity labelling (% was determined by paper ascending chromatography perfomed with acetone (solvent. The 99mTc-PBBT was administered by intraperitoneal route to Swiss mice infected eight weeks before. The animals were perfused after diferent periods of time (0,1,2,3,4 hr when blood, spleen, liver, portal vein, mesenteric veins, stomach, kidneys and adult worms were isolated. The radioactivity present in these samples was counted in a well counter and the percentage was determined. The radioactivity was mainly taken up by the blood, kidney, liver and spleen. No radioactivity was found on the adult worms. We concluded that the worm shift was due to an action on the host of the sodium phenobarbital

  4. Radiolabeling, quality control and radiochemical purity assessment of {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Melero, Laura T.U.H.; Araujo, Elaine B.; Mengatti, Jair [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2009-07-01

    Somatostatine receptors are widely expressed by several tumors, especially of the neuroendocrine origin. In vivo images of these tumors using radiolabeled somatostatine analogues became a useful clinical tool in oncology. The aim of this work was the radiolabeling of the somatostatine analogue HYNIC-TOC with 99mTc as well as the evaluation of the radiochemical stability and quality control of labeled complex. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was produced by labeling conditions using 20 {mu}g of peptide, 20 mg of tricine and 10 mg of EDDA as coligands, 1110 MBq of 99mTc (99Mo-99mTc IPEN-TEC generator) and 15 {mu}g of SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O. The reaction proceeds for 10 minutes at boiling water bath. Radiochemical purity of labeled preparation was evaluated by different chromatographic systems: ITLC-SG in methanol:ammonium acetate (1:1); TLC-SG in sodium citrate buffer 0.1 N pH 5.0 and methylethylketone, and HPLC employing column C-18, 5 {mu}m, 4.6 mm x 250 mm, UV (220 nm), radioactivity detectors, 1 mL/minute flow of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid solution 0.1 %. Labeled compound has been found radiochemically stable for 5 hours and radiochemical purity was higher than 90 %. The thin layer chromatographic systems enabled the separation of radiochemical species presented in the labeled mixture as well as HPLC system. The labeling procedure studied resulted in high radiochemical yield and easy preparation. Future works include the preparation of a lyophilized reagent to make feasible the preparation of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC at nuclear medicine services in order to study the clinical potential of the radiopharmaceutical in diagnostic and staging of neuroendocrine tumors. (author)

  5. Effect of exercise on erythrocyte count and blood activity concentration after /sup 99m/Tc in vivo red blood cell labeling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konstam, M.A.; Tu'meh, S.; Wynne, J.; Beck, J.R.; Kozlowski, J.; Holman, B.L.

    1982-01-01

    We studied the effect of exercise on blood radiotracer concentration after /sup 99m/Tc in vivo red blood cell labeling. After red blood cell labeling, 13 subjects underwent maximal supine bicycle exercise. Radioactivity, analyzed with a well counter, was measured in heparinized venous blood samples drawn at rest and during peak exercise. Changes in activity were compared with changes in erythrocyte count. Activity and erythrocyte counts increased during exercise in all 13 subjects. Percent increase in activity correlated with percent increase in erythrocyte count (r . -0.78), but did not correlate with either duration of exercise or maximal heart rate. Twenty minutes after termination of exercise, activity and erythrocyte count had decreased from peak exercise values but remained higher than preexercise values. In nine nonexercised control subjects, samples drawn 20 minutes apart showed no change in activity or in erythrocyte count. We conclude that exercise increases blood activity, primarily because of an increase in erythrocyte count. During radionuclide ventriculography, blood activity must be measured before and after any intervention, particularly exercise, before a change in left ventricular activity can be attributed to a change in left ventricular volume

  6. Preparation of 99Mo for 99mTc generators and the issue of further development. A survey report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Malek, Z.

    1998-01-01

    The following topics are dealt with: World production of Mo-99 for technetium generators; Typical procedures for the preparation of Mo-99; Current and expected decline in the production of Mo-99; and Directions of further development (Water reactors-irradiation systems for the preparation of Mo-99; Homogeneous reactor systems for the preparation of Mo-99 based on molten salts; Systems with accelerators; Thermal processes for the reprocessing of irradiated target material). (P.A.)

  7. 99mTc labelled peptide for imaging of peripheral receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mishra, A.K.; Mishra, P.; Chuttani, K.; Sharma, R.K.; Lazar Mathew, T.

    2001-01-01

    Conjugates of somatostatin analogues, RC-160 with different bifunctional chelators to label with 99m Tc, were synthesized. Conjugates with hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) and compounds (benzoyl MAG-3 and CITC-DTPA) were prepared on a small scale with high purity and evaluated as different types of chelators on RC-160. Stability studies performed under physiological conditions showed high stability. Peptide conjugates could be labelled at high specific activities (307inCi/umol) with 99m Tc and different transchelator were used for the HYNIC conjugates. The resulting radiolabelled with ( 99m Tc and 1251) complexes were highly stable and showed binding affinity to somatostatin receptors in the nanomolar range. The radioconjugates were administered to rabbits and mice in order to study their in vivo stability, biokinetics and biodistribution. (author)

  8. Analysis of 99Mo Production Capacity in Uranyl Nitrate Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor using ORIGEN and MCNP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Isnaeni

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available 99mTc is a very useful radioisotope in medical diagnostic procedure. 99mTc is produced from 99Mo decay. Currently, most of 99Mo is produced by irradiating 235U in the nuclear reactor. 99Mo mostly results from the fission reaction of 235U targets with a fission yield about 6.1%. A small additional amount is created from 98Mo neutron activation. Actually 99Mo is also created in the reactor fuel, but usually we do not extract it. The fuel will become spent fuel which is a highly radioactive waste. 99Mo production system in the aqueous homogeneous reactor offers a better method, because all of the 99Mo can be extracted from the fuel solution. Fresh reactor fuel solution consists of uranyl nitrate dissolved in water. There is no separation of target and fuel in an aqueous homogeneous reactor where target and fuel become one liquid solution, and there is no spent fuel generated from this reactor. Simulation of the extraction process is performed while reactor in operation (without reactor shutdown. With an extraction flow rate of 3.6 L/h, after 43 hours of reactor operation the production of 99Mo is relatively constant at about 98.6 curie/hour

  9. 99mTc DMSA scintigraphic findings in renal tuberculosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moon, Tae Yong; Kim, Kun Il; Yoon, Chi Soon; Lee, Suck Hong; Kim, Byung Soo

    1993-01-01

    Evaluations of residual renal function and the therapeutic effectiveness in renal tuberculosis have largely been dependent on intravenous pyelogram or Contrast-CT scan, even though, exact renal functions are not evaluate with there methods. 99m Tc- DMSA is a radiopharmaceutical that is trapped in the functioning tubular cells of the kidney and therefore, quantitative renal function could be evaluated by insuring the counts of renal radioactivity and concomitant evaluation of renal morphology could be passable with the analog images of the radioactivity. The authors retrospectively analyzed 99mTc-DMSA scans of 75 kidneys of 67 patients with confirmed renal tuberculosis. We classified the morphologies of tuberculous kidneys as 6 types. We classified the morphologies of tuberculous kidneys as 6 types such as the type with small cortical defect, with parenchymal ulcerocavernous lesions, ulcerocavernous fistula to pelvis, mass-like defects, contracted kidney with ureter visualization, and the type with non visualization of kidney, corresponding to the characters of renal tuberculous pathogenesis with abscess formation, ulcerocavernous fistula, and fibrosis, and corresponding to the renal anatomy with parenchyma, and pelvocalyceal collecting system. Their mean residual renal functions measured with 99mTc-DMSA uptake rates were 19.0%,18.4%, 7.9%, 12%, 4.1%, 3.4% respectively

  10. Evaluation of tricine and EDDA as Co-ligands for 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-MSH analogs for melanoma imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia, Maria Fernanda; Zhang, Xiuli; Gallazzi, Fabio; Fernandez, Marcelo; Moreno, Maria; Gambini, Juan Pablo; Porcal, Williams; Cabral, Pablo; Quinn, Thomas P

    2015-01-01

    Several radiolabeled alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogs have been studied for their abilities to target melanoma tumor cells through specific recognition and binding to the melanocortin receptor 1 (MCR1). In this work, a lactam bridgecyclized α-MSH analog was labeled with (99m) via the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) chelator and characterized for its melanoma tumor targeting properties. The bifunctional chelating agent HYNIC-Boc was attached to the N-terminus of the MSH peptide followed by the lactam cyclization, resulting in the HYNIC-cyc-MSH analog. The lactam cyclized peptide displayed high affinity and specificity for MC1-receptors present on B16/F1 melanoma tumor cells, exhibiting an IC50 of 6.48 nM. HYNIC-cyc-MSH was radiolabeled with (99m)Tc using two common co-ligands, tricine and EDDA. In vitro, the radiochemical stability, cell binding and efflux properties were similar between the peptides radiolabeled with tricine and EDDA as co-ligands. In vivo, biodistribution studies (n=4) demonstrated that (99m)Tc- HYNIC-cyc-MSH/tricine had superior tumor to muscle and tumor to blood ratios than (99m)Tc-HYNIC-cyc-MSH/EDDA at early time points. Planar gamma imaging of melanoma bearing mice showed that 99mTc-HYNIC-cyc-MSH/tricine was able to clearly visualize tumors, underscoring the potential utility of (99m)Tc labeled lactam cyclized MSH molecules as melanoma imaging agents.

  11. sup(99m)Tc particle perfusion/sup(99m)Tc aerosol ventilation imaging using a subtraction technique in suspected pulmonary embolism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poeyhoenen, L.; Turjanmaa, V.; Virjo, A.

    1985-01-01

    It is generally acknowledged that ventilation-perfusion mismatch is diagnostic of pulmonary embolism. Lung ventilation imaging with radioactive gases is a good method for the detection of pulmonary embolism, but it is not in widespread use because of the limited availability of sup(81m)Kr gas and the poor physical properties of 133 Xe. Aerosols have been proposed, instead of gases for use in lung ventilation imaging. As perfusion and ventilation distributions may change very rapidly, the two imaging procedures should be done in rapid succession. The cheapest way to perform the combined perfusion-ventilation (Q/V) imaging is to use sup(99m)Tc-labelled macroaggregates and aerosols. In our method the perfusion imaging was done first, immediately followed by the ventilation imaging with sup(99m)Tc-labelled aerosols. A computer program was used to subtract the contribution of the perfusion from the combined Q/V image so that the pure ventilation image alone was obtained. The method was tested in 41 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. (orig.)

  12. Comparison between radioisotopic ventriculography in balance with Tc99-albumine-DTPA and quantitative gated SPECT with Tc-99m-MIBI for determining the eject fraction of left ventricle

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noguera, E. C; Jaime, Adelina; Pamellin, Miriam; Veliz, J

    2002-01-01

    Radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) and electrocardiography gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (GSPECT), can be used to assess the ventricular function.The purpose of this study was:1) to compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF(%) using post-stress or rest gated GSPECT with LVEF by resting RNV and 2) to evaluate the 99m-Tc99m human serum albumin (HAS) with diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA) (99m-TcHSA-DTPA) as a potential use a as blood pool imaging agent (Au)

  13. Serum IgG2 and tissue IgG2 plasma cell elevation in orbital IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD): Potential use in IgG4-RD assessment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chan, Anita S Y; Mudhar, Hardeep; Shen, Sunny Yu; Lang, Stephanie S; Fernando, Malee; Hilmy, Maryam Hazly; Guppy, Naomi Jayne; Rennie, Ian; Dunkley, Lisa; Al Jajeh, Issam

    2017-11-01

    To determine the role of serum and tissue IgG2 in orbital biopsies with the histological features of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in comparison with non-IgG4-related orbital inflammatory disorders (OID), including autoimmune disorders. This is an international (Sheffield, UK, and Singapore) collaborative, retrospective case review of 69 patients (38 from Singapore National Eye Centre and 31 from Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield) with orbital inflammatory biopsies between 2002 and 2016. Clinical information and histology were reviewed and cases were classified into three groups: Group 1: IgG4-RD orbital inflammation (n=43); Group 2: idiopathic OID (n=12) and Group 3: autoimmune OID (n=14). Serum IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 levels were collated where available and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for tissue IgG2 plasma cells was performed. Dual IHC showed IgG2 plasma cells as a distinct population from IgG4 plasma cells. Significant (twofold) serum IgG2 elevation was noted among IgG4-RD (group 1), idiopathic (group 2) and autoimmune OID (group 3). Similarly, significant elevation of tissue IgG2 plasma cells was also seen among IgG4-RD (group 1), idiopathic and autoimmune OID (groups 2 and 3). Significant elevations of serum IgG2 and tissue IgG2 plasma cells are present in orbital IgG4-RD in comparison with non-IgG4 orbital inflammation (idiopathic and autoimmune OID), suggesting that IgG2 may play a role in IgG4-RD. A serum IgG2 cut-off >5.3 g/L was found to be 80% sensitive and 91.7% specific for orbital IgG4-RD, with an accuracy of 0.90. Tissue IgG2 and IgG4 subclass reporting may provide additional insight regarding the 'IgG4-RD' pathogenesis. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  14. Non-MTC gait cycles: An adaptive toe trajectory control strategy in older adults.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santhiranayagam, Braveena K; Sparrow, W A; Lai, Daniel T H; Begg, Rezaul K

    2017-03-01

    Minimum-toe-clearance (MTC) above the walking surface is a critical representation of toe-trajectory control due to its association with tripping risk. Not all gait cycles exhibit a clearly defined MTC within the swing phase but there have been few previous accounts of the biomechanical characteristics of non-MTC gait cycles. The present report investigated the within-subject non-MTC gait cycle characteristics of 15 older adults (mean 73.1 years) and 15 young controls (mean 26.1 years). Participants performed the following tasks on a motorized treadmill: preferred speed walking, dual task walking (carrying a glass of water) and a dual-task speed-matched control. Toe position-time coordinates were acquired using a 3 dimensional motion capture system. When MTC was present, toe height at MTC (MTC height ) was extracted. The proportion of non-MTC gait cycles was computed for the age groups and individuals. For non-MTC gait cycles an 'indicative' toe height at the individual's average swing phase time (MTC time ) for observed MTC cycles was averaged across multiple non-MTC gait cycles. In preferred-speed walking Young demonstrated 2.9% non-MTC gait cycles and Older 18.7%. In constrained walking conditions both groups increased non-MTC gait cycles and some older adults revealed over 90%, confirming non-MTC gait cycles as an ageing-related phenomenon in lower limb trajectory control. For all participants median indicative toe-height on non-MTC gait cycles was greater than median MTC height . This result suggests that eliminating the biomechanically hazardous MTC event by adopting more of the higher-clearance non-MTC gait cycles, is adaptive in reducing the likelihood of toe-ground contact. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Evaluation of Some Dose Calibration for Measuring of 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nazaroh; Erni-Juita; Hermawan-Candra

    2001-01-01

    99m Tc is a prime radionuclide in nuclear medicine because of worthwhile in many diagnoses. According to ALARA concept, the lowest risk should be considered in the use of radioactive materials especially for health. Center for development of Radioisotopes and Radiopharmacy-BATAN, Serpong, serves several nuclear medicine departments supplying all their 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals on a daily basis. It was observed that there was very poor consistency between the assays as determined by P3KRBin and those determined in the various nuclear medicine, using Dose-Calibrator. Investigation has been done to correct measurements result of 99m Tc using several Dose-Calibrators in some hospitals in Java island and the correction factors were vary from 0.91 to 1.16. The same survey done by researcher in Canada using a mock 99m Tc ( 57 Co) and 99m Tc and the correction factors were between 0.74 and 1. Investigation of influences of various environmental conditions on the Calibrator function was also carried out. Influences factors obtained from the survey were vary from 1 to 1.19. (author)

  16. IgG4-Related Disease Combined with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Steroid-Responsive Transient Hypercalcemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sho Hasegawa

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A 67-year-old man with elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4 levels, systemic lymphadenopathy infiltrated by IgG4-positive plasma cells, and Coombs-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA showed marked hypercalcemia. Although the intact parathyroid hormone (PTH level was elevated, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and thyroid ultrasonography revealed no evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. Liver biopsy showed marked infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells, which confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD. Corticosteroid therapy was initiated, and subsequently, intact PTH and serum calcium levels gradually normalized. Transient hypercalcemia in a patient with AIHA may therefore be associated with IgG4-RD.

  17. Estimation in adults of the glomerular filtration rate in [99mTc] DTPA renography - the rate constant method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carlsen, Ove

    2004-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to design an alternative and robust method for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in [ 99 mTc]-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ([ 99 mTc] -DTPA renography with a reliability not significantly lower than that of the conventional Gates' method. Methods: The method is based on renographies lasting 40 min in which regions of interest (ROIs) are manually created over selected parts of certain blood pools (e.g. heart, lungs, spleen, and liver). For each ROI the corresponding time-activity curve (TAC) was generated, decay corrected and exposed to a monoexponential fit in the time interval 10 to 40 min postinjection. The rate constant in min-1 of the monoexponential fit was denoted BETA. Following an iterative procedure comprising usually 5-10 manually created ROIs, the monoexponential fit with the maximum rate constant (BETA max ) was used for estimation of GFR. Results: In a patient material of 54 adult subjects in whom GFR was determined with multiple or one sample techniques with [ 51 Cr]-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ([ 51 Cr]-EDTA) the regression curve of standard GFR (GFR std ) (i.e. GFR adjusted to 1.73 m 2 body surface area) showed a close, non-linear relationship with BETA max with a correlation coefficient of 95%. The standard errors of estimate (SEE) were 6.6, 10.6 and 16.8 for GFR std equal to 30, 60, and 120 ml/(min .73 m 2 ), respectively. The corresponding SEE values for almost the same patient material using Gates' method were 8.4, 11.9, and 16.8 ml/(min 1.73 m 2 ). Conclusions: The alternative rate constant method yields estimates of GFR std with SEE values equal to or slightly smaller than in Gates' method. The two methods provide statistically uncorrelated estimates of GFR std . Therefore, pooled estimates of GFR std can be calculated with SEE values approximately 1.41 times smaller than those mentioned above. The reliabilities of the pooled estimate of GFR std separately and of the multiple samples method

  18. A draft business plan for the production of PZC 99Mo-99mTc generator in the Philippines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sombrito, Elvira Z.; Cabalfin, Estelita G.; Calix, Virginia S.; Dela Rosa, Alumanda M.; Borras, Ma. Teresa L.; Bulos, Adelina dM.

    2007-01-01

    Technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) remains as the main workhorse of nuclear medicine in the country. Alone or conjugated with other ligands, it is being used to show the function of major organs and other tissues such as the lung, brain, kidney, liver and bone. It is imported to the country as 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator. These commercial generators use fission molybdenum adsorbed onto alumina column. The FNCA project has shown the feasibility of using a PZC column-reactor 99 Mo generator for commercial applications, citing mainly the cheaper cost of the PZC generator than the imported alumina column-fission 99 Mo generator. PNRI proposes in this draft business plan, the commercial production of PZC generator through the establishment of a facility for the in-house production of 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator. The generator will use PZC coming from Japan as the column material, 99 Mo sourced from neighboring countries and an automatic loading and adsorption machine. Because the PNRI has no local production of the generator, the requirements for successfully venturing into this business activity may differ from the other FNCA members. A careful assessment based on verified data will be needed to refine the business plan. (author)

  19. Comparison study among methodologies of planar chromatography for radiochemical control of technetium-99m; Estudo comparativo entre metodologias de cromatografia planar para controle radioquimico de radiofarmacos de tecnecio-99m

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Monteiro, Elisiane de Godoy

    2012-07-01

    Radiopharmaceuticals are substances that have radioisotopes in their composition. About 95% of the procedures performed in nuclear medicine use radiopharmaceuticals with diagnostic purposes, and the Lyophilized Reagents (LR) labeled with Technetium-99m ({sup 99}mTc), obtained from {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99}mTc generator, are the most one used. Quality Control represents the set of assays to be performed to assure that the product is adequate to its purpose. An important feature to be evaluated in {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceuticals is the radiochemical purity (% RqP) to quantify free pertechnetate ({sup 99}mTcO{sub 4}{sup -}) and technetium colloidal (99mTcO{sub 2}) mainly by paper chromatography (PC), thin layer (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The objective of this work was to perform the comparison among the radiochemical control methodologies of LR labeled with {sup 99m}Tc, described in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and those used by IPEN. {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -} eluate and DISIDA, DMSA, DTPA, EC, ECD, GHA, MIBI, MDP, PIRO, SAH and Sn Coloidal LR were provided by IPEN-CNEN/SP. TLC-cellulose, TLC-SG.TLC-SG reverse phase, HPTLC-cellulose, HPTLC-SG (Merck) and ITLC-SG (Pall Corporation), W1MM, W3MM, W17M e W31ET (Whatman) chromatographic plates were used. The measurement of the radioactivity was done in a Perkin Elmer Cobra D-5002 gamma counter. LR were labeled to obtain 55,0 MBq mL{sup 1} (1,5 mCi mL{sup 1}) of final radioactive concentration. The %{sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}, %{sup 99m}TcO{sub 2} and % RqP were determined up to 4 hour labeling. From 11 LR, only EC and GHA have no radiochemical control methods in USP and EP. In USP and/or EP, DTPA, MDP, PIRO, SAH and Sn Coloidal methods use ITLC-SG; IPEN uses this chromatography plate in DISIDA, EC, ECD, GHA, PIRO, MIBI and SAH. As ITLC-SG had been out of production (recommended in 40, 70 and 41% of the USP, EP and IPEN methodologies, respectively), it was

  20. Labeling, stability and biodistribution studies of {sup 99m}Tc-cyclized Tyr{sup 3}-octreotate derivatives

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bigott-Hennkens, Heather M. [Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); Dannoon, Shorouk F.; Noll, Samantha M. [Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); Ruthengael, Varyanna C. [Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201 (United States); Jurisson, Silvia S., E-mail: JurissonS@missouri.ed [Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); Lewis, Michael R., E-mail: LewisMic@missouri.ed [Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (United States); Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201 (United States)

    2011-05-15

    Introduction: To probe the interplay between radiotracer stability and somatostatin receptor affinity, Tyr{sup 3}-octreotate and six variations of its peptide sequence, for which the Re-cyclized products were previously reported, were radiolabeled with {sup 99m}Tc and investigated for their in vitro stability. Methods: Radiolabeling of the peptides was effected by ligand exchange from {sup 99m}Tc-glucoheptonate, and the desired products were purified by radio-RP-HPLC. The in vitro stability in phosphate buffered saline, mouse serum and cysteine solutions at physiological temperature and pH for all seven {sup 99m}Tc-cyclized peptides was determined by radio-RP-HPLC and radio-TLC. Normal CF-1 mouse biodistribution studies were performed for three of the {sup 99m}Tc-cyclized peptides. Results: Based on the fully characterized Re-cyclized peptide analogues, four {sup 99m}Tc-coordination motifs were proposed for the {sup 99m}Tc-cyclized peptides. Technetium-99m-cyclized Tyr{sup 3}-octreotate derivatives with N{sub 2}S{sub 2} metal coordination modes and large metal ring sizes were susceptible to oxidation and loss of {sup 99m}Tc in the form of {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}, as evidenced by their instability in the various solutions under physiological conditions (15-58% intact at 24 h). As anticipated, the addition of a third cysteine to the sequence stabilized the {sup 99m}Tc metal coordination, and peptides with NS{sub 3} coordination modes remained >85% intact out to 24 h. No significant differences were observed in the biodistribution studies performed with three peptides of varying stabilities. Conclusions: Improvements in stability were not sufficient to outweigh the low somatostatin receptor affinity for the peptides in this study. Further improvements in the peptide sequence and/or metal coordination are needed to result in a radiodiagnostic/radiotherapeutic pair for targeting the somatostatin receptor.