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Sample records for comunicativa como episteme

  1. El dictado como tarea comunicativa

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    Daniel Cassany

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo explora las utilidades didácticas del dictado (la práctica comunicativa de oralizar o leer en voz alta un escrito para el aprendizaje funcional de una lengua materna o extranjera, en los diversos niveles de enseñanza. Después de criticar el uso tradicional de este ejercicio lingüístico, presentamos once formas diferentes de desarrollar un dictado en clase, con sus particulares contenidos, objetivos y metodologías. También analizamos con detalle la técnica más tradicional del dictado magistral, en la que el docente dicta palabra por palabra un texto al alumnado, poniendo énfasis en la ortografía; ofrecemos algunas orientaciones para incrementar el componente comunicativo de esta propuesta. Las conclusiones finales proponen entender esta técnica como un recurso metodológico variado, rico y sugerente, adaptado a cada situación de aprendizaje —y no como una práctica obligatoria y fosilizada.

  2. Complejidad y competencia comunicativa

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    Francisco José Cantero Serena

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de "competencia comunicativa" excede con mucho de la simple categoría "competencia lingüística" (como suele emplearse en las lingüísticas teóricas tradicionales y se ha convertido en uno de los conceptos clave de la lingüística aplicada y la didáctica de la lengua: en ella se contemplan, además de la dimensión lingüística, las dimensiones discursiva, pragmática, sociocultural, mediadora y estratégica. Sin embargo, la manera de relacionar estos elementos operativos dista mucho de ser compleja: suelen relacionarse mecánicamente como una suma de saberes. En este trabajo presentamos un modelo de competencia comunicativa entendida, desde el pensamiento complejo, como un todo que va más allá de la suma de sus partes, y añadimos una perspectiva que contempla el carácter multilingüe de cualquier hablante, esto es, la interrelación de códigos que conforma la competencia de cada hablante: códigos verbales y no verbales, pero también las variedades lingüísticas que maneja el hablante -dialectales, de registro, etc.-, así como los distintos idiomas de los que -dado el caso- ha ido desarrollando algún tipo de interlengua

  3. Como acompanhar a progressão da competência comunicativa no aluno de Enfermagem Cómo acompañar la progresión de la competencia comunicativa en el alumno de Enfermería How to follow communicative competence progress in nursing students

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    Eliana Mara Braga

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo propor bases metodológicas para o acompanhamento da progressão da competência comunicativa no aluno de Enfermagem. Utilizando metodologia qualitativa e referencial teórico de comunicação interpessoal, desenvolvemos a pesquisa entrevistando 13 professores com experiência acumulada em atividades de ensino e pesquisa de comunicação em Enfermagem. Nos dados obtidos, os entrevistados relataram que o acompanhamento da progressão da competência comunicativa do aluno ocorre: observando a evolução das habilidades comunicativas nos alunos e pacientes; viabilizando momentos de expressão de pensamentos, sentimentos e percepções; fornecendo feedback sobre o desenvolvimento das habilidades comunicativas; estimulando-os ao desenvolvimento das habilidades em comunicação; realizando avaliação formativa e tutorando o aluno.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proponer bases metodológicas para el acompañamiento de la progresión de la competencia comunicativa en el alumno de Enfermería. Utilizando metodología cualitativa y referencial teórico de comunicación interpersonal, desarrollamos la búsqueda entrevistando a 13 profesores con experiencia acumulada en actividades de enseñanza y búsqueda de comunicación en Enfermería. En los datos obtenidos, los entrevistados relataron que el acompañamiento de la progresión de la competencia comunicativa del alumno ocurre: observando la evolución de las habilidades comunicativas en los alumnos y pacientes; viabilizando momentos de expresión de pensamientos, sentimientos y percepciones; suministrando feedback sobre el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas; estimulándolos al desarrollo de las habilidades en comunicación; realizando evaluación formativa y acompañamiento del alumno.This work is aimed at suggesting methodological foundations for following Nursing student's progress in communicative competence. Using qualitative methodology and theoretical

  4. LA COMPETENCIA COMUNICATIVA COMO BASE DEL DESARROLLO DE LA COMPETENCIA SOCIAL Y CIUDADANA EN EL AULA

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    Beatriz Fernández Herrero

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Partiendo de la idea de que la educación ha de ser integral, es decir, que debe atender todos los ámbitos de la persona (en su doble faceta individual y social, este ensayo aborda un aspecto que consideramos clave para el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana: la competencia comunicativa, entendida como promotora de la convivencia en las sociedades democráticas, plurales y multiculturales, como medio para resolver los conflictos interpersonales y de posibilidad de participación ciudadana. En este sentido, partiendo de los recursos de la argumentación, el diálogo y la discusión, se señalan las características metodológicas y las principales técnicas que pueden ser empleadas para su trabajo en el aula.

  5. La intervención comunitaria como estrategia para potenciar el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas y comunicativas en las clases deportivas de la SUM de Ciencias Médicas

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    Abilio de Jesús Barreto García

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available La intervención comunitaria como estrategia para potenciar el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas y comunicativas en las clases deportivas de la SUM de Ciencias Médicas, es un trabajo que presta atención a un problema recurrente en la carrera de Medicina: el desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas y comunicativas de los alumnos de primer año que estudian esta profesión en la SUM pinareña. Lo novedoso de este trabajo radica en la elaboración y aplicación de una estrategia metodológica que permite potenciar las habilidades investigativas y comunicativas de los alumnos a través de una intervención comunitaria en el terreno deportivo, mientras se trabaja la resistencia aerobia, en el horario de clases. Nos encontramos con la metodología cualitativa, que según Rodríguez, (1996 estudia “la realidad en un contexto natural, tal y como sucede, intentando sacar sentido, o interpretar, los fenómenos de acuerdo con los significados que tienen para las personas implicadas.” Los resultados esperados superaron las expectativas iniciales, pues pudimos constatar como mientras un grupo de personas que padecen enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles realizan actividades físicas en la comunidad, nuestros alumnos desarrollaban las habilidades deseadas.

  6. La competencia comunicativa como premisa para la imagen social del maestro

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    Xiomara Catalina Ravelo Gainza

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo promueve la reflexión en torno a la incidencia que tiene la competencia comunicativa en la imagen social del maestro que se configura en el imaginario social, a partir del estudio de las obras de varios autores que han incursionado en el tema.

  7. COMPETÊNCIA COMUNICATIVA ESCRITA NA ESCOLA

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    Nelly Carvalho

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, temos como objetivo refletir sobre a competência comunicativa escrita na escola. Paraisso, tecemos considerações acerca de concepções como competência linguística, competência comunicativapara chegarmos à concepção de competência comunicativa escrita, pois entendemos que essesfenômenos linguísticos se inter-relacionam, embora cada um preserve sua identidade. Para essa discussão,trazemos pontos de vista de pesquisadores, como Koch e Fávero, Marcuschi, Kleiman, dentreoutros. A propósito dessa questão, discutimos também concepções de alfabetização e letramento, nosentido de evidenciar o alcance de cada fenômeno no meio educacional. Por fim, discutimos algumassituações reais de uso da escrita para mostrar contextos de práticas sociais de letramento e suas relaçõescom o contexto escolar. Diante disso, fica claro que a escola deve considerar o saber prévio da criança,que está inserida em situações de escrita, o que implica em considerar aquilo que ela já sabe, em funçãode seu conhecimento de mundo, que é fundamental para sua aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Competência comunicativa; Escrita; Letramento. ABSTRACT In this article, we aim to reflect on the communicative competence in writing at school. For this, weweave considerations about conceptions such as linguistic competence, communicative competencein order to reach a conception of communicative competence in writing; although these linguisticphenomena each preserve their own identities, we understand that they are interrelated. For thisdiscussion, we draw on views of researchers such as Koch and Favero, Marcuschi, Kleiman, amongothers. With respect to this issue, we also discuss conceptions of literacy and of “lettering”, in orderto reveal the reach of these phenomenona in the educational environment. Finally, we discuss somereal situations of the use of writing to show contexts of social practices of “lettering” and its relationshipwith

  8. De la accion comunicativa a la sociedad democratica

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    J. Félix Ángulo Rasco

    1998-08-01

    Full Text Available Defendendo uma ética da comunicação como condição da construção de uma sociedade democrática de indivíduos emancipados, o texto traz uma reflexão sobre os fundamentos da ética comunicativa de Habermas, a partir da distinção entre dois campos de desenvolvimento discursivo: o discurso teórico e o discurso prático.

  9. Dimensiones de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI y sus implicaciones para la práctica educativa

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    Susan Sanhueza

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La competencia comunicativa intercultural se entiende como las habilidades que emplean los individuos culturalmente diferentes para favorecer un grado de comunicación suficientemente eficaz, estableciendo comportamientos apropiados y efectivos en determinado contexto social y cultural. Desde esta perspectiva, el trabajo tiene como objetivos: (a analizar el concepto de la comunicación intercultural describiendo sus dimensiones: cognitiva, comportamental y afectiva; (b proporcionar elementos de reflexión para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en las prácticas educativas. En el ámbito educativo, se espera que profesores y alumnos desarrollen de la mejor manera posible la interacción, anticipen malentendidos causados por las diferencias en valores, significados y creencias entre los actores involucrados, y puedan hacer frente tanto a demandas afectivas como cognitivas en la interacción.

  10. Abordagem comunicativa em sala de aula: uma autorreflexão docente

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    Diullye Miola

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho analisa as abordagens comunicativas a fim de desenvolvermos uma autorreflexão docente. As abordagens ocorreram por meio de uma atividade realizada pelo grupo PIBID, utilizando como metodologia as análises discursivas de Mortimer e Scott (2002, para verificar como ocorrem as interações entre estudantes e futuros professores de química. Para tal análise, realizamos leitura e discussão de um texto: “Identificação Genômica: o DNA Forense” como forma de contextualizar a química forense em uma sequência didática. Essa atividade serviu como base para o entendimento das análises discursivas existentes na interação entre estudantes de Ensino Médio de um Colégio da Rede Pública do Estado do Paraná e acadêmicos do subprojeto PIBID, os quais denominamos como pibidianos. As discussões foram gravadas com gravadores de áudio e depois transcritas para análise. Os métodos apresentados nas análises discursivas nos conduzem a uma autorreflexão da prática docente na interação de futuros professores de Química com estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública de Toledo/PR. Como a atividade foi desenvolvida pelo grupo de acadêmicos do PIBID, um dos principais focos do projeto consistiu em permitir aos pibidianos vivências sobre práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula. Com isso, esta atividade permitiu a esses acadêmicos, por meio das abordagens comunicativas de Mortimer e Scott (2002, identificar os posicionamentos pedagógicos na discussão de um texto, a fim de analisar suas ações no decorrer da atividade.

  11. Competencia comunicativa, identidad de género y formación del profesorado

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    Amando López Valero

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo que a continuación presentamos, tiene la pretensión de poner de manifiesto una de las temáticas que se mantienen como emergentes en el comienzo del siglo XXI: el sexismo. Pensamos que uno de los factores principales que motivan la diferenciación en razón de género es el uso del lenguaje. Mujeres y varones muestran dos universos lingüístico-comunicativos completamente distintos a través de sus acciones. En el texto queremos exponer la relación que se establece entre la competencia comunicativa que las personas adquieren y la conformación de su identidad de género. Sin duda que ello repercute en la enseñanza y hay que instar al profesorado a que, tanto en su formación inicial como permanente, se conciencie de la importancia de educar en la igualdad comunicativa para así generar procesos igualitarios en los demás ámbitos vitales.

  12. La literatura infantil como estrategia para potenciar el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas en niños atendidos por programas de animación a la lectura en Guayaquil.

    OpenAIRE

    Olmedo Guerrero, Catherine Adriana

    2015-01-01

    Las habilidades comunicativas son esenciales para la vida de una persona, tanto por la necesidad básica de comunicación como por su importancia en la aprehensión de conocimientos. Muchos niños desarrollan pobremente sus capacidades para escuchar, hablar, leer y escribir, generando consecuencias negativas a nivel personal, social y educativo. ¿Cómo potenciar el desarrollo de estas habilidades? Este arti?culo, producto de una investigación de carácter cualitativo, propone hacerlo a partir de la...

  13. Epistemic Planning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Baral, Chitta; Bolander, Thomas; van Ditmarsch, Hans

    The seminar Epistemic Planning brought together the research communities of Dynamic Epistemic Logic, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, and Automated Planning to address fundamental problems on the topic of epistemic planning. In the context of this seminar, dynamic epistemic logic...... investigates the formal semantics of communication and communicative actions, knowledge representation and reasoning focuses on theories of action and change, and automated planning investigates computational techniques and tools to generate plans. The original goals of the seminar were to develop benchmarks...... for epistemic planning, to explore the relationship between knowledge and belief in multi-agent epistemic planning, to develop models of agency and capability in epistemic planning and to explore action types and their representations (these originally separate goals were merged during the seminar), and finally...

  14. El Blog multimodal: la potencialidad comunicativa y de representación de la imagen en iteración con sonidos y texto.

    OpenAIRE

    Mª Angeles, García Asensio; Cristina, Palomeque Kovacs

    2012-01-01

    Este artículo propone una aproximación al blog del profesor de lengua extranjera en una perspectiva multimodal, a fin de caracterizar las estrategias comunicativas y de construcción del discurso que se desarrollan en este cibergénero. Así, la tecnología blog ha posibilitado la comunicación entre usuarios a través de distintos modos semióticos: imágenes, sonidos, texto. Es mediante la interrelación de estos modos como, en una actividad lingüístico-comunicativa, se construyen significados globa...

  15. ¿Sirve la teoría?

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    Luz Teresa Gómez de Mantilla

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo se pregunta por el sentido y el carácter de la teoría en los procesos de investigación científica, Indaga detrás de los paradigmas, los caminos de construcción teórica, atenido a los contextos históricos que posibilitan la reflexión académica, Se pregunta por las estructuras comunicativas y las tensiones entre la doxa y la episteme, queriendo superar en la lectura la mera exégesis y en la escritura la paráfrasis, pues superando los escepticismos contemporáneos, la autora confía en el papel de los intelectuales tanto como creadores de conceptos y reconstructores de teoría, así como "dispositivos de reflexividad" en el sentido señ alado por Pierre Bourdieu. Para ello el método encuentra en la pregunta pertinente su instrumento más adecuado, Palabras clave: teoría, investigación científica, paradigmas, comunicativas comunicativas

  16. Epistemics and attitudes

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    Pranav Anand

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper investigates the distribution of epistemic modals in attitude contexts in three Romance languages, as well as their potential interaction with mood selection. We show that epistemics can appear in complements of attitudes of acceptance (Stalnaker 1984, but not desideratives or directives; in addition, emotive doxastics (hope, fear and dubitatives (doubt permit epistemic possibility modals, but not their necessity counterparts. We argue that the embedding differences across attitudes indicate that epistemics are sensitive to the type of attitude an attitude predicate reports. We show that this sensitivity can be derived by adopting two types of proposals from the literature on epistemic modality and on attitude verbs: First, we assume that epistemics do not target knowledge uniformly, but rather quantify over an information state determined by the content of the embedding attitude (Hacquard 2006, 2010, Yalcin 2007. In turn, we adopt a fundamental split in the semantics of attitude verbs between ‘representational’ and ‘non-representational’ attitudes (Bolinger 1968: representational attitudes quantify over an information state (e.g., a set of beliefs for believe, which, we argue, epistemic modals can be anaphoric to. Non-representational attitudes do not quantify over an information state; instead, they combine with their complement via a comparison with contextually-provided alternatives using a logic of preference (cf. Bolinger 1968, Stalnaker 1984, Farkas 1985, Heim 1992, Villalta 2000, 2008. Finally, we argue that emotive doxastics and dubitatives have a hybrid semantics, which combines a representational component (responsible for licensing epistemic possibility modals, and a preference component (responsible for disallowing epistemic necessity modals. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.6.8 BibTeX info

  17. Epistemic Arbitrage

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Seabrooke, Leonard

    2014-01-01

    , and this interdisciplinary article brings them together to advance the new transnational sociology of professions. I suggest that transnationality matters for how professionals behave and one can draw a distinction between ‘thin’ transnational environments that are especially permissive of epistemic arbitrage...... and professional mobilization, and ‘thick’ domestic environments where professional jurisdictions can dampen epistemic arbitrage. The article outlines how transnational professionals can be understood as unique groups that have careers and operate in networks where there is a supply of, and demand for, epistemic...

  18. Fútbol y violencia en Brasil. Propuesta comunicativa para el estado de Pernambuco

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira de Lima, José Leandro

    2017-01-01

    El presente trabajo tenía como principal objetivo de la investigación, profundizar en la representación mediática de la violencia en el fútbol brasileño, a través de un análisis del contenido de las noticias publicadas en medios digitales de Brasil, entre 2015 y 2016, teniendo así un marco conceptual del análisis del problema y una estrategia de comunicación frente a ello. Este trabajo se completa con la propuesta comunicativa, donde se creó una campaña de publicidad con fines sociales,...

  19. Epistemic merit, autonomy, and testimony

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    Jesús VEGA ENCABO

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, it is argued that both the informer and the hearer in a testimonial situation deserve epistemic merit insofar as they contribute to the collaborative achievement of sharing knowledge. The paper introduces a distinction between the ideals of self-sufficiency and epistemic autonomy. The autonomous exercise of our epistemic agency is very often carried out under strong conditions of epistemic dependence. Testimony exhibits a kind of social dependence that does not threaten the autonomy of the subjects that need to consider their own epistemic capacities. When involved in a testimonial situation, both speaker and hearer declare, at least implicitly, the standings they occupy in an epistemic space and are obliged to recognise certain epistemic requirements.

  20. Efectos de un programa experimental en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de estudiantes universitarios

    OpenAIRE

    Mesias Ratto, Rosa Victoria

    2015-01-01

    Analiza los efectos de un programa experimental en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes del primer ciclo de la Facultad de Ciencias Contables de la Universidad Nacional del Callao en el semestre 2013-B. Se empleó el diseño experimental con preprueba – postprueba y grupo de control. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Test de Matrices Progresivas J. C. Raven (como instrumento filtro); el Test de Comprensión Lectora de Violeta Tapia y Maritza Silva (forma abreviada)...

  1. Epistemic Virtues in Business

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Bruin, Boudewijn

    This paper applies emerging research on epistemic virtues to business ethics. Inspired by recent work on epistemic virtues in philosophy, I develop a view in which epistemic virtues contribute to the acquisition of knowledge that is instrumentally valuable in the realisation of particular ends,

  2. La pragmática de la razón comunicativa

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    McCarthy, Thomas

    1993-10-01

    Full Text Available Not available.

    El autor conocido representante de la Teoría Critica en EE.UU. y divulgador de la obra de Habermas, intenta hacerse cargo de las criticas postmodernas al carácter abstracto de la concepción de la razón comunicativa de este último. Para ello realiza un acercamiento a las lecciones que acerca de la interacción comunicativa nos ofrece, extramuros la filosofía, la etnometodología. La idea que intenta defender McCarthy es que la trascendencia e idealización centrales para la concepción de la razón comunicativa de Habermas pueden combinarse de formaa fructífera con la indexicalidad y practicidad subrayadas en los estudios de Garfinkel.

  3. Measuring emotions during epistemic activities: the Epistemically-Related Emotion Scales.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pekrun, Reinhard; Vogl, Elisabeth; Muis, Krista R; Sinatra, Gale M

    2017-09-01

    Measurement instruments assessing multiple emotions during epistemic activities are largely lacking. We describe the construction and validation of the Epistemically-Related Emotion Scales, which measure surprise, curiosity, enjoyment, confusion, anxiety, frustration, and boredom occurring during epistemic cognitive activities. The instrument was tested in a multinational study of emotions during learning from conflicting texts (N = 438 university students from the United States, Canada, and Germany). The findings document the reliability, internal validity, and external validity of the instrument. A seven-factor model best fit the data, suggesting that epistemically-related emotions should be conceptualised in terms of discrete emotion categories, and the scales showed metric invariance across the North American and German samples. Furthermore, emotion scores changed over time as a function of conflicting task information and related significantly to perceived task value and use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies.

  4. Epistemic Agency

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elgin, Catherine Z.

    2013-01-01

    Virtue epistemologists hold that knowledge results from the display of epistemic virtues--open-mindedness, rigor, sensitivity to evidence, and the like. But epistemology cannot rest satisfied with a list of the virtues. What is wanted is a criterion for being an epistemic virtue. An extension of a formulation of Kant's categorical imperative…

  5. Problems in Epistemic Space

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bjerring, Jens Christian Krarup

    2014-01-01

    be done for modal claims involving epistemic possibility. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the prospects of constructing a space of worlds—epistemic space—that allows us to model what is epistemically possible for ordinary, non-ideally rational agents like you and me. I will argue...... that the prospects look dim for successfully constructing such a space. In turn, this will make a case for the claim that we cannot use the standard possible worlds framework to model what is epistemically possible for ordinary agents....

  6. Educação (física infantil: território de relações comunicativas

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    Eliane Gomes da Silva

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Com base na Semiótica de C. S. Peirce, o objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre as temáticas do modo específico de ser criança, das suas singularidades/alteridades e da produção de linguagem/signos como condições fundantes que configuram a prática pedagógica com crianças, compreendida como experiência vívida e relações comunicativas no fluxo das semioses. O método utilizado é o abdutivo/indutivo proposto por Peirce, pelo qual pudemos estabelecer relações específicas com a Concepção Dialógica do Movimento Humano - Se-Movimentar.

  7. Incremento de la competencia comunicativa en dos adultos con Parálisis Cerebral mediante el dispositivo Makey-Makey. Un estudio de caso

    OpenAIRE

    Calleja, Marina; Luque, María Luisa; Rodríguez, José Miguel; Liranzo, Ana

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se presentan dos casos de parálisis cerebral (PC) de componente espástico y con graves problemas de comunicación como resultado de una fuerte disartria. Esta disartria les produce una baja inteligibilidad de habla, lo que les crea grandes dificultades en los procesos de interacción comunicativa y social. El objetivo de este estudio fue doble. En primer lugar, comprobar si era posible convertir el dispositivo conocido como Makey-Makey (Mk-Mk), inicialmente concebido...

  8. AS INTERAÇÕES COMUNICATIVAS COMO EXPRESSÕES OU MANIFESTAÇÕES DA IDEIA DE TOLERÂNCIA

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    Ciro di Benatti Galvao

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available As expressões tolerância e dignidade da pessoa humana apresentam-se normativamente interdependentes em uma democracia constitucional. Embora a ideia de Estado Neutral (ao qual, em se tratando de aspectos subjetivos de comportamento individual, não é dada a possibilidade de interferência ou dirigismo deva ser preservada, quando houver comprometimento dos processos de integração social, a conexão entre os dois conceitos deve ser estabelecida e, neste sentido, percebe-se que ela poderá ser feita mediante a utilização da ideia de ação comunicativa habermasiana.

  9. Semiótica de la Interacción Comunicativa en las Organizaciones Semiótica de la Interacción Comunicativa en las Organizaciones

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    Sonia López Franco

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como fin exponer el marco conceptual y metodológico de una microinvestigación que se viene realizando en la materia Interacción comunicativa en las organizaciones de la Rutade estudios comunicativos del Departamento de Humanidades de la Universidad Eafit. La actividad se centra en la observación de las prácticas comunicativas de algunas organizaciones (pequeñas, grandes, industriales, de salud, etc. Una vez trabajada la instrucción con el método de observación participante, descripción densa,  y la ubicación de categorías y nociones relacionadas con las particularidades de las acciones comunicativas presentadas en  unaorganización, se hace el convenio formal con la organización, se explica la metodología y elobjetivo. La duración de la observación es la misma del período académico (semestral, tiempo en el cual cada equipo de tres estudiantes hace entre 5 y 6 visitas. Luego, se presenta una descripción en exposiciones abiertas a la comunidad y a los miembros de la organización visitada, para terminar con la entrega de una aproximación analítica de los hechos descritos.This article presents both a methodological and conceptual framework for a micro-researchcurrently being developed as part of the course Communicative Interaction in Organisations, ofthe Communicative Studies Area in the Humanities Department at EAFIT University.The activity that is being carried out focuses on the observation of communicative practices ofsome organisations (small, large, industrial, health area, etc. Once instruction on participantobservation, dense description, category allocation and notions relevant to the particularities ofcommunicative actions in organisations has been conducted, a formal agreement is establishedwith specific organisations, and the objective and methodology are explained to them.The observation period has a six-month duration (the academic term.  During this period eachteam of three students visits

  10. Complexity Results in Epistemic Planning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bolander, Thomas; Jensen, Martin Holm; Schwarzentruber, Francois

    2015-01-01

    Epistemic planning is a very expressive framework that extends automated planning by the incorporation of dynamic epistemic logic (DEL). We provide complexity results on the plan existence problem for multi-agent planning tasks, focusing on purely epistemic actions with propositional preconditions...

  11. Efectos de la televisión y las redes sociales en las competencias comunicativas de los estudiantes de la Universidad EAN

    OpenAIRE

    Santos Osorio, Jessica Vanessa; Rueda Duarte, Daniela

    2013-01-01

    Establecer el tipo de impacto que la televisión y las redes sociales tienen en las competencias comunicativas de los estudiantes de la Universidad EAN, es revisar el uso que hacen de la lengua española a nivel escrito y oral. Ya que la transmisión satelital y la Internet, como servicios globales, son ventanas por las que los jóvenes tienen fácil acceso a cualquier tipo de información, en cualquier idioma, y a cualquier sistema de comunicación, como las redes sociales

  12. Epistemic Autonomy: A Criterion for Virtue?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mudd, Sasha

    2013-01-01

    Catherine Elgin proposes a novel principle for identifying epistemic virtue. Based loosely on Kant's Categorical Imperative, it identifies autonomy as our fundamental epistemic responsibility, and defines the epistemic virtues as those traits of character needed to exercise epistemic autonomy. I argue that Elgin's principle fails as a…

  13. On Epistemic Agency

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ahlström, Kristoffer

    about epistemic value, the only goal relevant to inquiry is that of forming true belief; and that our dual tendency for bias and overconfidence gives us reason to implement epistemically paternalistic practices that constrain our freedom to exercise agency in substantial ways. In other words, when...

  14. Exhibiting Epistemic Objects

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tybjerg, Karin

    2017-01-01

    of exhibiting epistemic objects that utilize their knowledge-generating potential and allow them to continue to stimulate curiosity and generate knowledge in the exhibition. The epistemic potential of the objects can then be made to work together with the function of the exhibition as a knowledge-generating set...

  15. A Dynamic Informational-Epistemic Logic

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    David Santos, Yuri; Madeira, Alexandre; Benevides, Mário

    2017-01-01

    Epistemic logic is usually employed to model two aspects of a situation: the ontic and the epistemic aspects. Truth, however, is not always attainable, and in many cases we are forced to reason only with whatever information is available to us. In this paper, we will explore a four-valued epistemic

  16. The epistemic innocence of psychedelic states.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Letheby, Chris

    2016-01-01

    One recent development in epistemology, the philosophical study of knowledge, is the notion of 'epistemic innocence' introduced by Bortolotti and colleagues. This concept expresses the idea that certain suboptimal cognitive processes may nonetheless have epistemic (knowledge-related) benefits. The idea that delusion or confabulation may have psychological benefits is familiar enough. What is novel and interesting is the idea that such conditions may also yield significant and otherwise unavailable epistemic benefits. I apply the notion of epistemic innocence to research on the transformative potential of psychedelic drugs. The popular epithet 'hallucinogen' exemplifies a view of these substances as fundamentally epistemically detrimental. I argue that the picture is more complicated and that some psychedelic states can be epistemically innocent. This conclusion is highly relevant to policy debates about psychedelic therapy. Moreover, analysing the case of psychedelics can shed further light on the concept of epistemic innocence itself. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Competencia comunicativa escrita en el sector TIC en Andalucía

    OpenAIRE

    Carranza Parrales, Antonia Isabel

    2015-01-01

    El presente proyecto se centra en el estudio de la importancia que toma la competencia comunicativa escrita dentro del sector de las empresas tecnológicas en Andalucía. El present projecte es centra en l'estudi de la importància que pren la competència comunicativa escrita dins del sector de les empreses tecnològiques a Andalusia. Bachelor thesis for the Computer Science program.

  18. Percepciones sobre la influencia de las actividades no comunicativas en la motivación para el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paúl Fernando González Torres

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la percepción de los estudiantes y docentes de una provincia de la Región Amazónica del Ecuador en relación a las actividades no comunicativas y su impacto en la motivación de los estudiantes que aprenden una lengua extranjera. Para obtener la información, se aplicó un cuestionario a 180 estudiantes de bachillerato y 8 docentes; adicionalmente, se realizó una entrevista a todos los docentes y a una muestra de 40 estudiantes. Para una mejor comprensión de las percepciones de los estudiantes y profesores, se analizó la información obtenida de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se concluye que tanto profesores como estudiantes consideran a las actividades no comunicativas realizadas en clase como motivantes para el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. De las actividades analizadas, las relacionadas con el aprendizaje de vocabulario, revisión de las tareas escritas de compañeros, y uso de materiales audiovisuales son las que más motivan a los estudiantes para aprender una lengua extranjera.

  19. Evidentiality, Epistemic Modality, and Epistemic Status

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rezeda Dilshatovna Shakirova

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The article discusses the interaction of evidentiality categories, typical of many Turkic, Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, certain Slavic, and other languages with the categories of epistemic modality, which is widely represented particularly in Germanic languages. The methodological framework of this study consists of the general philosophic, general scientific and private levels. The general philosophic methodology is based on the analytic philosophy, under the linguistic trend of which the language study was carried out to solve philosophic problems. The general scientific methodological bases of the study are related to the principle of identifying similarities and differences of the categories analyzed and the systematicity of description, whereas the descriptive method and techniques thereof are used primarily as the private-linguistic methods. In contrast to evidentiality, indicating the source of information, the epistemic modality marks different level of the information reliability. In the modern German language, the categories studied have a zone of intersection in terms of community within the means of expression, to which modal words and modal verbs as well as the verb scheinen can be primarily related. However, in the modern German language, there is no question of the category of evidentiality in the plane, within which it is currently being studied basing on the material of those languages, to the fragment of the grammatical system of which it is primarily inherent. As a rule, the semantics of evidentiality in these languages provides no information on the degree of reliability of the source of knowledge. To overcome the contradiction of such nature, this work suggests paying attention to the category of epistemic status of an utterance, the semantic structure of which is wider than evidentiality and epistemic modality and includes the level of reliability of the source of knowledge along with the designation thereof. In today's German

  20. A organização comunicativa: teoria e prática em Comunicação Organizacional

    OpenAIRE

    Ruão, Teresa

    2016-01-01

    Sempre que as pessoas precisaram de produzir algo demasiado complexo para uma tarefa individual, criaram organizações. E o ato de organizar (inicialmente em clãs, famílias ou estruturas feudais) exigiu, desde logo, a comunicação entre as pessoas. Contudo, a modernização da sociedade (inicialmente através do aparecimento da agricultura, depois do comércio e, mais tarde, da indústria) deu origem a organizações mais complexas e trouxe necessidades comunicativas mais exigentes. Como resulta...

  1. Extended Cognitive System and Epistemic Subject

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Trybulec Barbara

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The concept of an extended cognitive system is central to contemporary studies of cognition. In the paper I analyze the place of the epistemic subject within the extended cognitive system. Is it extended as well? In answering this question I focus on the differences between the first and the second wave of arguments for the extended mind thesis. I argue that the position of Cognitive Integration represented by Richard Menary is much more intuitive and fruitful in analyses of cognition and knowledge than the early argument formulated by Andy Clark and David Chalmers. Cognitive Integration is compatible with virtue epistemology of John Greco’s agent reliabilism. The epistemic subject is constituted by its cognitive character composed of an integrated set of cognitive abilities and processes. Some of these processes are extended, they are a manipulation of external informational structures and, as such, they constitute epistemic practices. Epistemic practices are normative; to conduct them correctly the epistemic subject needs to obey epistemic norms embedded in the cultural context. The epistemic subject is not extended because of the casual coupling with external informational artifacts which extend his mind from inside the head and into the world. Rather, cognitive practices constitute the subject’s mind, they transform his cognitive abilities, and this is what makes the mind and epistemic subject “extended”.

  2. Reliability analysis under epistemic uncertainty

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nannapaneni, Saideep; Mahadevan, Sankaran

    2016-01-01

    This paper proposes a probabilistic framework to include both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty within model-based reliability estimation of engineering systems for individual limit states. Epistemic uncertainty is considered due to both data and model sources. Sparse point and/or interval data regarding the input random variables leads to uncertainty regarding their distribution types, distribution parameters, and correlations; this statistical uncertainty is included in the reliability analysis through a combination of likelihood-based representation, Bayesian hypothesis testing, and Bayesian model averaging techniques. Model errors, which include numerical solution errors and model form errors, are quantified through Gaussian process models and included in the reliability analysis. The probability integral transform is used to develop an auxiliary variable approach that facilitates a single-level representation of both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. This strategy results in an efficient single-loop implementation of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and FORM/SORM techniques for reliability estimation under both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. Two engineering examples are used to demonstrate the proposed methodology. - Highlights: • Epistemic uncertainty due to data and model included in reliability analysis. • A novel FORM-based approach proposed to include aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. • A single-loop Monte Carlo approach proposed to include both types of uncertainties. • Two engineering examples used for illustration.

  3. The epistemic culture in an online citizen science project: Programs, antiprograms and epistemic subjects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kasperowski, Dick; Hillman, Thomas

    2018-05-01

    In the past decade, some areas of science have begun turning to masses of online volunteers through open calls for generating and classifying very large sets of data. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epistemic culture of a large-scale online citizen science project, the Galaxy Zoo, that turns to volunteers for the classification of images of galaxies. For this task, we chose to apply the concepts of programs and antiprograms to examine the 'essential tensions' that arise in relation to the mobilizing values of a citizen science project and the epistemic subjects and cultures that are enacted by its volunteers. Our premise is that these tensions reveal central features of the epistemic subjects and distributed cognition of epistemic cultures in these large-scale citizen science projects.

  4. Desequilíbrio e co-regulação em situação de ensino-aprendizagem: análise segundo o conceito de ação comunicativa (Habermas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simão Lívia Mathias

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available As situações de ensino-aprendizagem, tomadas da perspectiva de desenvolvimento implicam um entrejogo de ações verbais dos atores, dirigidas tanto às ações do outro ator como ao objeto de conhecimento. Nesta perspectiva são fundamentais o desequilíbrio e a co-regulação da interação, bem como a emergência de novos conhecimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar o conceito de ação comunicativa (Habermas para descrever o desequilíbrio e a co-regulação cognitivas em uma situação de ensino-aprendizagem. Deste referencial, analisou-se um diálogo professora - aluna, buscando-se caracterizar cada ação verbal do diálogo de acordo com Habermas. A seguir, relacionou-se cada ação comunicativa com sua conseqüência para a interação, em termos de desequilíbrio ou co-regulação. Esta análise permitiu descrever a dinâmica das ações comunicativas que, através de sucessivos desequilíbrios e co-regulações, criaram condições para restruturação do campo semântico nos atores e para emergência de novos conhecimentos sobre o objeto.

  5. A Quantum Computational Semantics for Epistemic Logical Operators. Part I: Epistemic Structures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beltrametti, Enrico; Dalla Chiara, Maria Luisa; Giuntini, Roberto; Leporini, Roberto; Sergioli, Giuseppe

    2014-10-01

    Some critical open problems of epistemic logics can be investigated in the framework of a quantum computational approach. The basic idea is to interpret sentences like "Alice knows that Bob does not understand that π is irrational" as pieces of quantum information (generally represented by density operators of convenient Hilbert spaces). Logical epistemic operators ( to understand, to know…) are dealt with as (generally irreversible) quantum operations, which are, in a sense, similar to measurement-procedures. This approach permits us to model some characteristic epistemic processes, that concern both human and artificial intelligence. For instance, the operation of "memorizing and retrieving information" can be formally represented, in this framework, by using a quantum teleportation phenomenon.

  6. Temporalized Epistemic Default Logic

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Hoek, W.; Meyer, J.J.; Treur, J.; Gabbay, D.

    2001-01-01

    The nonmonotonic logic Epistemic Default Logic (EDL) [Meyer and van der Hoek, 1993] is based on the metaphore of a meta-level architecture. It has already been established [Meyer and van der Hoek, 1993] how upward reflection can be formalized by a nonmonotonic entailment based on epistemic states,

  7. Automata Techniques for Epistemic Protocol Synthesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillaume Aucher

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available In this work we aim at applying automata techniques to problems studied in Dynamic Epistemic Logic, such as epistemic planning. To do so, we first remark that repeatedly executing ad infinitum a propositional event model from an initial epistemic model yields a relational structure that can be finitely represented with automata. This correspondence, together with recent results on uniform strategies, allows us to give an alternative decidability proof of the epistemic planning problem for propositional events, with as by-products accurate upper-bounds on its time complexity, and the possibility to synthesize a finite word automaton that describes the set of all solution plans. In fact, using automata techniques enables us to solve a much more general problem, that we introduce and call epistemic protocol synthesis.

  8. A ironia como estratégia comunicativa e argumentativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ida Lucia Machado

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, tomando por base dados vindos da teoria polifônica de Bakhtin (1970a, 1970b e também alguns conceitos que Ducrot (1984 elaborou a partir desta, procuramos mostrar no âmbito de uma teoria de análise do discurso – no caso, a Semiolinguística de Charaudeau (1983, 1992, 2008 - alguns dos procedimentos que levam à construção da ironia, tendo em vista que, para nós, este fenômeno linguageiro aparece como um meio de comunicação suscetível de criar estratégias argumentativas, ainda que estas se apresentem de forma não-convencional. Para ilustrar o que foi dito, tomamos como base de reflexão excertos do livro de memórias ou da narrativa de vida de um artista francês cujo modo de escrever poderia se enquadrar na categoria dos escritos carnavalescos, segundo Bakhtin (1970b.

  9. ENSAYO: ENTENDIMIENTO COMUNICATIVO DE NIKLAS LUHMANN, Y ACCIÓN COMUNICATIVA DE JÜRGEN HABERMAS: APORTACIONES EN LA TEORIA ORGANIZACIONAL

    OpenAIRE

    Josep Pont Vidal

    2014-01-01

    Describimos los conceptos centrales que configuran el paradigma entendimiento comunicativo de Niklas Luhmann, y la acción comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas, y su posibilidad de utilización en la teoría organizacional. La teoría de sistemas autorreferenciales manifiesta limitaciones al relegar aspectos antropológicos y ontológicos y situar al ser humano en el entorno del sistema. Como posibilidad de superar las limitaciones que aparecen en la teoría de sistemas autorreferenciales respecto a la i...

  10. Grados de conversación y recursos de interacción comunicativa en Twitter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noemí Elisa Guerrero Contreras

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Mediante esta investigación se pretende hacer una revisión de la comunicación online a partir del análisis de las características de la interacción comunicativa en las redes sociales en comparación con la conversación cara a cara, tomando como caso específico Twitter que, a semejanza de la modalidad presencial, también ha sido considerada conversacional. En primera instancia, a través de los datos de una serie de estudios de caso, esta investigación se enfocará en examinar distintas estrategias como el retuiteo, las menciones (@, la utilización del hashtag, y las respuestas directas (reply como recursos a través de los cuales los usuarios se integran a una conversación. En segundo término, se buscará contrastar de forma general las propiedades de la comunicación en el marco de la interacción virtual con las de la conversación cara a cara. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se analizará cómo los recursos para la comunicación en Twitter se constituyen como prácticas conversacionales.

  11. Confronting diminished epistemic privilege and epistemic injustice in pregnancy by challenging a "panoptics of the womb".

    Science.gov (United States)

    Freeman, Lauren

    2015-02-01

    This paper demonstrates how the problematic kinds of epistemic power that physicians have can diminish the epistemic privilege that pregnant women have over their bodies and can put them in a state of epistemic powerlessness. This result, I argue, constitutes an epistemic injustice for many pregnant women. A reconsideration of how we understand and care for pregnant women and of the physician-patient relationship can provide us with a valuable context and starting point for helping to alleviate the knowledge/power problems that are symptomatic of the current system and structure of medicine. I suggest that we can begin to confront this kind of injustice if medicine adopts a more phenomenological understanding of bodies and if physicians and patients--in this case, pregnant women--become what I call "epistemic peers." © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  12. Confabulation and epistemic authority.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Robins, Sarah

    2018-01-01

    Mahr & Csibra (M&C) claim that episodic remembering's autonoetic character serves as an indicator of epistemic authority. This proposal is difficult to reconcile with the existence of confabulation errors - where participants fabricate memories of experiences that never happened to them. Making confabulation errors damages one's epistemic authority, but these false memories have an autonoetic character.

  13. COMUNICATIVAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yolanda Raquel Lapeña Moñux

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, cualitativo, para conocer cómo afectan a las relaciones laborales de los profesionales de enfermería los problemas organizativos vividos en las unidades hospitalarias y la forma de gestionarlos. Los participantes fuer on 21 enfermeros que trabajaban en un hospital general del norte de España, en el periodo de 2010-2012, con la aprobación del comité ético y de investigación y la firma del consentimiento informado. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas en profundidad y diario de campo. A partir del análisis temático, los resultados mostraron que la desorganización del trabajo afecta a las relaciones interperson ales, generando en los participantes sentimientos de impotencia y desmotivación. Por ello, consideran necesario realizar una planificación del trabajo, clarificar las actividades de cada rol profesional y desarrollar las habilidades comunicativas necesarias para transmitir los problemas a gestores y compañeros. Se estima conveniente que los gestores tuvieran en consideración las propuestas de mejora señaladas en el estudio.

  14. Ergotic / epistemic / semiotic functions

    OpenAIRE

    Luciani , Annie

    2007-01-01

    International audience; Claude Cadoz has introduced a typology of human-environment relation, identifying three functions. This typology allows characterizing univocally, i.e. in a non-redundant manner, the computer devices and interfaces that allow human to interact with environment through and by computers. These three functions are: the epistemic function, the semiotic function, the ergotic function. Conversely to the terms epistemic and semiotic that are usual, the term ergotic has been s...

  15. Pueblo mapuche. Estrategias discursivo-comunicativas para un nuevo orden

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Betancour Sánchez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo sostiene que ante la episteme impuesta por Occidente a los pueblos originarios de América, el pueblo mapuche en Chile ha generado una estrategia contra-hegemónica de empoderamiento que instala y visibiliza un sistema de comunicación intercultural propio, lugar donde surgen heterogéneos discursos sobre un nuevo orden en las relaciones de contacto cultural, evidenciado en mecanismos y recursos discursivos transversales. Estos elementos forman parte de las estrategias de resistencia orientadas al “desprendimiento epistémico” (Mignolo, 2010 de la “matriz colonial de poder” (Quijano citado en Mignolo, 2010 , problemática que se estudia tanto en discursos artísticos como mediáticos que circulan en la esfera pública. Descriptores: Comunicación, Mapuches, oratoria, comunicación intercultural, descolonización.

  16. Dispositivos móviles y servicios web. Características sociales y comunicativas de su convergencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Ruíz del Olmo

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La convergencia entre los dispositivos móviles y los servicios de la red Internet, aunque prevista, teorizada y resuelta técnicamente desde finales del siglo pasado, se ha venido retrasando por diversas causas hasta, bruscamente, acelerarse y consolidarse irremediablemente a partir de finales del año 2007. Aspectos comerciales, con la entrada de nuevos actores y estrategias al mundo de la comunicación telefónica; de uso y necesidad social, como la comunicación audiovisual personalizada; o de la utilización popular de nuevas aplicaciones red, como la localización geográfica, por ejemplo, coadyuvan a ello. Sin embargo, aún compartiendo muchos aspectos comunicativos y técnicos con la denominada web 2.0, los dispositivos móviles y su uso personalizado, contextual y ubicuo poseen especificidades comunicativas que apenas se empiezan a apuntar en estos nuevos usos cotidianos.

  17. Inevitability, contingency, and epistemic humility.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kidd, Ian James

    2016-02-01

    This paper offers an epistemological framework for the debate about whether the results of scientific enquiry are inevitable or contingent. I argue in Sections 2 and 3 that inevitabilist stances are doubly guilty of epistemic hubris--a lack of epistemic humility--and that the real question concerns the scope and strength of our contingentism. The latter stages of the paper-Sections 4 and 5-address some epistemological and historiographical worries and sketch some examples of deep contingencies to guide further debate. I conclude by affirming that the concept of epistemic humility can usefully inform critical reflection on the contingency of the sciences and the practice of history of science. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Enseñanza / aprendizaje de la competencia comunicativa intercultural y análisis de actitudes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valls Campà, Lluís

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo es presentar un método, basado en el análsis de las actitudes de los alumnos, para promover la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en el aula de ELE. Para ello, en primer lugar, exponemos qué papel se ha atribuido a la cultura en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. En segundo lugar, analizamos los problemas que presenta la aplicación de la etnografía como método didáctico. En tercer lugar, explicamos cómo las ciencias sociales definen y analizan las actitudes, describimos nuestro método y presentamos un ejemplo de su aplicación.

  19. Modeling the epistemics of communication with functional programming

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Orzan, S.M.; Eijck, van J.; Eekelen, van M.

    2005-01-01

    Dynamic epistemic logic is the logic of the effects of epistemic actions like making public announcements, passing private messages, revealing secrets, telling lies. This paper takes its starting point from the version of dynamic epistemic logic of [4], and demonstrates a tool that can be used for

  20. A gentle introduction to epistemic planning: The DEL approach

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bolander, Thomas

    2017-01-01

    Epistemic planning can be used for decision making in multi-agent situations with distributed knowledge and capabilities. Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) has been shown to provide a very natural and expressive framework for epistemic planning. In this paper, we aim to give an accessible introduction...... to DEL-based epistemic planning. The paper starts with the most classical framework for planning, STRIPS, and then moves towards epistemic planning in a number of smaller steps, where each step is motivated by the need to be able to model more complex planning scenarios....

  1. Aleatoric or epistemic? Does it matter?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Der Kiureghian, Armen; Ditlevsen, Ove Dalager

    2009-01-01

    The sources and characters of uncertainties in engineering modeling for risk and reliability analyses are discussed. While many sources of uncertainty may exist, they are generally categorized as either aleatory or epistemic. Uncertainties are characterized as epistemic, if the modeler sees a pos...

  2. La racionalidad instrumental y comunicativa en las organizaciones empresariales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Guillermo López Rodríguez

    1998-02-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN   Cuando las organizaciones se configuran y definen sus objetivos, definen también el sistema interno de interacción social y las relaciones sociales que les van a servir para cumplir con sus objetivos, que son la función social de la organización empresarial. El sistema que adoptan es estructurado con una racionalidad predeterminada. Esto quiere decir que quienes han pensado en esta actividad, han elaborado un conjunto de concepciones, creencias y percepciones, sobre las características del mercado, la relación con otras instituciones y la forma como se valora el ser humano. Con base en los criterios y valores de los fundadores de la organización se considera, así mismo, si quiénes colaboran son únicamente unidades productivas o por el contrario talentos humanos. Dependiendo de los valores que se adopten, las organizaciones asumen dos formas de racionalidad en las organizaciones: una racionalidad instrumental teleológica, dirigida hacia el logro de los objetivos o una racionalidad comunicativa constructivista que apunta hacia los fines de la organización

  3. No tomar lo real como real

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Baudrillard

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El problema de la comunicación es hoy el de los medios de comunicación. La comunicación en sí ya no tiene tanto sentido. El aparato tecnológico que debería jugar un rol de intermediario en realidad no es un intermediario sino una especie de obstáculo en la relación comunicativa. Vale decir que los medios se autonomizan como una especie de aparato autorreferencial, que se desarrolla por sí mismo y pierde de vista su finalidad y se vuelve proliferante.

  4. Representation of analysis results involving aleatory and epistemic uncertainty.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Johnson, Jay Dean (ProStat, Mesa, AZ); Helton, Jon Craig (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Oberkampf, William Louis; Sallaberry, Cedric J.

    2008-08-01

    Procedures are described for the representation of results in analyses that involve both aleatory uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty, with aleatory uncertainty deriving from an inherent randomness in the behavior of the system under study and epistemic uncertainty deriving from a lack of knowledge about the appropriate values to use for quantities that are assumed to have fixed but poorly known values in the context of a specific study. Aleatory uncertainty is usually represented with probability and leads to cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) or complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) for analysis results of interest. Several mathematical structures are available for the representation of epistemic uncertainty, including interval analysis, possibility theory, evidence theory and probability theory. In the presence of epistemic uncertainty, there is not a single CDF or CCDF for a given analysis result. Rather, there is a family of CDFs and a corresponding family of CCDFs that derive from epistemic uncertainty and have an uncertainty structure that derives from the particular uncertainty structure (i.e., interval analysis, possibility theory, evidence theory, probability theory) used to represent epistemic uncertainty. Graphical formats for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in families of CDFs and CCDFs are investigated and presented for the indicated characterizations of epistemic uncertainty.

  5. Fuzzy Versions of Epistemic and Deontic Logic

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gounder, Ramasamy S.; Esterline, Albert C.

    1998-01-01

    Epistemic and deontic logics are modal logics, respectively, of knowledge and of the normative concepts of obligation, permission, and prohibition. Epistemic logic is useful in formalizing systems of communicating processes and knowledge and belief in AI (Artificial Intelligence). Deontic logic is useful in computer science wherever we must distinguish between actual and ideal behavior, as in fault tolerance and database integrity constraints. We here discuss fuzzy versions of these logics. In the crisp versions, various axioms correspond to various properties of the structures used in defining the semantics of the logics. Thus, any axiomatic theory will be characterized not only by its axioms but also by the set of properties holding of the corresponding semantic structures. Fuzzy logic does not proceed with axiomatic systems, but fuzzy versions of the semantic properties exist and can be shown to correspond to some of the axioms for the crisp systems in special ways that support dependency networks among assertions in a modal domain. This in turn allows one to implement truth maintenance systems. For the technical development of epistemic logic, and for that of deontic logic. To our knowledge, we are the first to address fuzzy epistemic and fuzzy deontic logic explicitly and to consider the different systems and semantic properties available. We give the syntax and semantics of epistemic logic and discuss the correspondence between axioms of epistemic logic and properties of semantic structures. The same topics are covered for deontic logic. Fuzzy epistemic and fuzzy deontic logic discusses the relationship between axioms and semantic properties for these logics. Our results can be exploited in truth maintenance systems.

  6. Spontaneous Cognition and Epistemic Agency in the Cognitive Niche

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fabry, Regina E.

    2018-01-01

    According to Thomas Metzinger, many human cognitive processes in the waking state are spontaneous and are deprived of the experience of epistemic agency. He considers mind wandering as a paradigm example of our recurring loss of epistemic agency. I will enrich this view by extending the scope of the concept of epistemic agency to include cases of depressive rumination and creative cognition, which are additional types of spontaneous cognition. Like mind wandering, they are characterized by unique phenomenal and functional properties that give rise to varying degrees of epistemic agency. The main claim of this paper will be that the experience of being an epistemic agent within a certain time frame is a relational phenomenon that emerges from the organism’s capacity to interact with its cognitive niche. To explore this relation, I develop a new framework that integrates phenomenological considerations on epistemic agency with a functional account of the reciprocal coupling of the embodied organism with its cognitive niche. This account rests upon dynamical accounts of strong embodied and embedded cognition and recent work on cognitive niche construction. Importantly, epistemic agency and organism-niche coupling are gradual phenomena ranging from weak to strong realizations. The emerging framework will be employed to analyze mind wandering, depressive rumination, and creative cognition as well as their commonalities and differences. Mind wandering and depressive rumination are cases of weak epistemic agency and organism-niche coupling. However, there are also important phenomenological, functional, and neuronal differences. In contrast, creative cognition is a case of strong epistemic agency and organism-niche coupling. By providing a phenomenological and functional analysis of these distinct types of spontaneous cognition, we can gain a better understanding of the importance of organism-niche interaction for the realization of epistemic agency.

  7. Dimensiones de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI y sus implicaciones para la práctica educativa Dimensions of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC and its implications for educational practice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susan Sanhueza Henríquez

    Full Text Available Resumen La competencia comunicativa intercultural se entiende como las habilidades que emplean los individuos culturalmente diferentes para favorecer un grado de comunicación suficientemente eficaz, estableciendo comportamientos apropiados y efectivos en determinado contexto social y cultural. Desde esta perspectiva, el trabajo tiene como objetivos: (a analizar el concepto de la comunicación intercultural describiendo sus dimensiones: cognitiva, comportamental y afectiva; (b proporcionar elementos de reflexión para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en las prácticas educativas. En el ámbito educativo, se espera que profesores y alumnos desarrollen de la mejor manera posible la interacción, anticipen malentendidos causados por las diferencias en valores, significados y creencias entre los actores involucrados, y puedan hacer frente tanto a demandas afectivas como cognitivas en la interacción.Abstract Intercultural Communicative Competence is defined as skills used by culturally different individuals to promote an efficient communication level, by establishing effective and appropriate behaviour within a social and cultural context. From this perspective, this paper aims to: (a analyse the intercultural communication concept by describing its dimensions - cognitive, behavioural, and affective; (b provide some points for reflection for the development of intercultural communicative competence in educational practices. In the educational environment, it is expected that teachers and students develop the best interaction possible, foreseeing misunderstandings caused by contrary values, meanings and beliefs among involved players; therefore they can manage both affective and cognitive demands.

  8. The role of non-epistemic values in engineering models

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Diekmann, S.; Peterson, M.B.

    2013-01-01

    We argue that non-epistemic values, including moral ones, play an important role in the construction and choice of models in science and engineering. Our main claim is that non-epistemic values are not only "secondary values" that become important just in case epistemic values leave some issues

  9. The Limits of Epistemic Communities: EU Security Agencies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mai'a K. Davis Cross

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the cases of the European Defence Agency (EDA and EU Intelligence Analysis Centre (IntCen to argue that although they are comprised of high-level security experts, they do not constitute epistemic communities. Research on other groups of security experts based in Brussels has shown that epistemic communities of diplomats, military experts, security researchers, and civilian crisis management experts, among others, have been able to influence the trajectory of security integration by virtue of their shared knowledge. Importantly, these security epistemic communities have been shown to significantly impact outcomes of EU security policy beyond what would be expected by looking only at member-states’ initial preferences. In exploring two examples of “non-cases” that are at the same time very similar to the other examples, the author seeks to shed light on why some expert groups do not form epistemic communities, and how this changes the nature of their influence. In so doing, the goal is to sharpen the parameters of what constitutes epistemic communities, and to add to our understanding of why they emerge. The argument advanced in this article is that institutional context and the nature of the profession matter as preconditions for epistemic community emergence.

  10. Shared vs. Primary Epistemic Authority in Jaminjung/Ngaliwurru

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schultze-Berndt Eva

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper contributes to the typology of complex perspective markers by presenting an in-depth analysis of a system of epistemic authority marking which functionally overlaps with, but has no exact parallels in, similar systems attested cross-linguistically; it is also the first analysis of grammaticalised marking of epistemic authority in a language of Australia. Jaminjung/Ngaliwurru, a language of the Mirndi family, distinguishes between primary and shared epistemic authority by means of two non-obligatory clitics. By employing the first clitic, speakers claim privileged (asymmetrical access to evidence informing their utterance; the holder of epistemic primacy shifts to addressees in questions. The second marker, which is transparently related to a 1st+2nd person minimal pronoun, indicates shared (symmetrical epistemic access, but is further constrained in its distribution in that the evidence has to be accessible at the time of discourse and in that the encoded situation itself is not yet part of the common ground. In the light of the proposed analysis as well as cross-linguistic findings, it will be argued that epistemic authority markers more generally can be considered as part of a single functional domain with evidentials, and that this domain also includes egophoricity.

  11. Two Notions of Epistemic Normativity

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Klausen, Søren Harnow

    2009-01-01

    Although the dominant view of epistemic normativity is an extreme form of deontology, it is argued that there is no good reason for not also adopting a complementary consequentialist notion, which can be put to use in applied epistemology.......Although the dominant view of epistemic normativity is an extreme form of deontology, it is argued that there is no good reason for not also adopting a complementary consequentialist notion, which can be put to use in applied epistemology....

  12. Natura relacji epistemicznej (The nature of epistemic relation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stanisław Judycki

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available The article begins with the question concerning the relation between the so called definition of knowledge (E. Gettier and the epistemic relation but its main part aims at showing what are the most important constituents of this relation (constituents of the idea of knowledge in general. Fundamental for the possibility of epistemic relation is the presence of some kind of conscious subject. In this context critical remarks are considered concerning contemporary naturalistic approaches to the idea of knowledge where the possibility of wholly unconscious cognition (knowledge has been seriously taken into account (e.g. robots capable of adaptive behavior in some environment. The second essential element of epistemic relation is the existence of some object (content, which conscious subject must be capable to grasp. The extent of the concept of object (content cannot be limited to the realm of physical things because epistemic relation also allows for the presence of abstract objects. It also allows for the presence of objects wholly unknown to human cognizing subjects. On the one hand, taken as such, epistemic relation does not possess any causal character, but on the other hand it can be based on some causal relation. It can also ‘assimilate’ other than physical kinds of conditioning, e.g. exemplifi cation of properties understood in a platonic sense. As a necessary constituent of each kind of epistemic relation must be treated the element of representation and here it stressed the importance of the distinction between subject of epistemic relation on the one hand and the ‘mind’ that this subject ‘possesses’, ‘mind’ interpreted as a system of representations. To the necessary elements of each epistemic relation belongs the activity of categorization but this categorization does to have to be ofsemantic character and it must not contain two fundamental forms of human intuition, i.e. space and time. Other forms of intuition, wholly

  13. La Epistemología del proceso de formación de la Competencia Comunicativa Profesional Médica en Idioma Inglés

    OpenAIRE

    Ramírez Lozada, Haydeé; Rodríguez Mestre, Arelys; Más Sánchez, Pablo Raúl

    2016-01-01

    La formación de la competencia comunicativa profesional médica en idioma inglés resulta fundamental para la preparación científica, técnica y cultural, así como el correcto desempeño profesional de los médicos en contextos angloparlantes. No obstante los esfuerzos realizados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del idioma inglés, en la educación postgraduada de médicos, aún se percibe la ausencia, desde el punto de vista teórico, de constructos generales que posibiliten la formación de la c...

  14. Epistemic Information in Stratified M-Spaces

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mark Burgin

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Information is usually related to knowledge. However, the recent development of information theory demonstrated that information is a much broader concept, being actually present in and virtually related to everything. As a result, many unknown types and kinds of information have been discovered. Nevertheless, information that acts on knowledge, bringing new and updating existing knowledge, is of primary importance to people. It is called epistemic information, which is studied in this paper based on the general theory of information and further developing its mathematical stratum. As a synthetic approach, which reveals the essence of information, organizing and encompassing all main directions in information theory, the general theory of information provides efficient means for such a study. Different types of information dynamics representation use tools of mathematical disciplines such as the theory of categories, functional analysis, mathematical logic and algebra. Here we employ algebraic structures for exploration of information and knowledge dynamics. In Introduction (Section 1, we discuss previous studies of epistemic information. Section 2 gives a compressed description of the parametric phenomenological definition of information in the general theory of information. In Section 3, anthropic information, which is received, exchanged, processed and used by people is singled out and studied based on the Componential Triune Brain model. One of the basic forms of anthropic information called epistemic information, which is related to knowledge, is analyzed in Section 4. Mathematical models of epistemic information are studied in Section 5. In Conclusion, some open problems related to epistemic information are given.

  15. A case study of epistemic order in mathematics classroom dialogue

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenneth Ruthven

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available We define epistemic order as the way in which the exchange and development of knowledge takes place in the classroom, breaking this down into a system of three components: epistemic initiative relating to who sets the agenda in classroom dialogue, and how; epistemic appraisal relating to who judges contributions to classroom dialogue, and how; and epistemic framing relating to the terms in which development and exchange of knowledge are represented, particularly in reflexive talk. These components are operationalised in terms of various types of structural and semantic analysis of dialogue. It is shown that a lesson segment displays a multi-layered epistemic order differing from that of conventional classroom recitation.

  16. La competencia comunicativa intercultural en cursos de inmersión en ELE. Una experiencia con estudiantes australianos en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Glenda Mejía

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la organización y realización de un curso de inmersión de españolcomo lengua extranjera (ELE por parte del Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT, de Australia,y la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ, de Bogotá, Colombia. El curso fue realizado durante dossemanas, en noviembre de 2012, y en él participaron diez estudiantes australianos.Se presenta la manera como se realizó la experiencia y sus resultados, entre los cuales se destacan el mejoramientoen la competencia comunicativa y en la competencia cultural e intercultural de los estudiantes, apropósito de haber trabajado la lengua y la cultura como aspectos intrínsecamente relacionados. Se concluyeque esta modalidad de cursos permite un mayor desarrollo lingüístico y también un aprendizaje culturale intercultural invaluable para el estudiante, en el proceso de adquisición de la denominada competenciacomunicativa intercultural.

  17. The Epistemic Standards of Public Reason*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tutui Viorel

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract: Many contemporary philosophers have adopted the deliberative theory of democracy, according to which, a political decision is legitimate if it was established by a deliberative procedure. In this article I argue that the important objections which affect proceduralist and epistemic versions of this theory can be overcome if we carefully distinguish the epistemic and the political dimensions of democratic deliberation, instead of trying to derive one from the other. Moreover, we have to understand how does the deliberative process itself contribute to the legitimacy of the political decision and what is the role of the standards and conditions that are justified independently of the procedure. Using this distinction I will try to demonstrate that the deliberation itself is insufficient to secure the epistemic correctness and the political legitimacy of political decisions

  18. Linguistic and communicative competence: a parallel on two different and complementary language approaches in an English teaching context = Competência linguística e comunicativa: um paralelo entre duas abordagens lingüísticas no contexto de ensino de língua inglesa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bona, Camila de

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available O objeto do presente trabalho se baseia em um estudo complementar das competências linguística e comunicativa, assumindo a relevância de ambas as teorias em nossos contextos de ensino de Língua Inglesa. Primeiramente, as pesquisas de Chomsky serão abordadas, mais especificamente seu conceito de competência linguística, que se faz amplamente presente em nosso ensino de línguas estrangeiras. Após, os estudos sociolinguísticos serão explicitados, principalmente o conceito de competência comunicativa de Dell Hymes, o qual é visto como uma reação ao ponto de vista de Noam Chomsky. Finalmente, com o apoio pedagógico do clássico filme Hollywoodiano "Ball of Fire" (1941, propomos uma análise do mesmo como sugestão para melhor abordar e desenvolver o aspecto cultural da linguagem em nossas aulas de Língua Inglesa, tendo em mente que este é um aspecto comumente desconsiderado

  19. Gestión intelectual de las prácticas comunicativas en arquitectura : S, M, L, XL, el gran evento = The intellectual management of communication practices in architecture : S, M, L, XL, the big event

    OpenAIRE

    Meléndez Valoria, Verónica

    2016-01-01

    La tesis doctoral se centra en la posibilidad de entender que la práctica de arquitectura puede encontrar en las prácticas comunicativas un apoyo instrumental, que sobrepasa cualquier simplificación clásica del uso de los medios como una mera aplicación superficial, post-producida o sencillamente promocional. A partir de esta premisa se exponen casos del último cuarto del siglo XX y se detecta que amenazas como el riesgo de la banalización, la posible saturación de la imagen pública o la prev...

  20. Learners' Epistemic Criteria for Good Scientific Models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pluta, William J.; Chinn, Clark A.; Duncan, Ravit Golan

    2011-01-01

    Epistemic criteria are the standards used to evaluate scientific products (e.g., models, evidence, arguments). In this study, we analyzed epistemic criteria for good models generated by 324 middle-school students. After evaluating a range of scientific models, but before extensive instruction or experience with model-based reasoning practices,…

  1. EL EXVOTO PICTOGRÁFICO GUADALUPANO EN EL MÉXICO CONTEMPORÁNEO UNA VISIÓN COMUNICATIVA Y DISCURSIVA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Zires

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan algunos resultados de una investigación sobre los exvotos pictográficos que forman parte de la colección del Museo de la Basílica de la Virgen de Guadalupe en la ciudad de México. Las autoras analizan las transformaciones que han sufrido en su estructura material, composición, en sus formas pictóricas, maneras de narrar milagros y dirigirse a la divinidad, por lo cual consideran que estas formas votivas han adquirido significaciones diferentes en las últimas décadas. En esta investigación se analizan a los exvotos desde una perspectiva comunicativa y discursiva. El exvoto pictográfico está concebido como un medio de comunicación y un documento social, histórico, cultural particular que está mediado tanto por los lenguajes escritos y visuales que lo configuran como por el género discursivo del milagro. Por ello, su estudio requiere tomar en cuenta los aportes de diferentes disciplinas del lenguaje: la semiología, la pragmática, el análisis del discurso, así como el estudio de los géneros discursivos y de lo verosímil en diferentes momentos históricos.

  2. INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION AND EPISTEMIC SUPPORT FOR INTENTIONS WITH WE-CONTENT

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Roy, O.

    In this paper I study intentions of the form 'I intend that we ...', that is, intentions with a we-content, and their role in interpersonal coordination. I focus on the notion of epistemic support for such intentions. Using tools from epistemic game theory and epistemic logic, I cast doubt on

  3. Social Epistemic Liberalism and the Problem of Deep Epistemic Disagreements

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jønch-Clausen, Karin; Kappel, Klemens

    2015-01-01

    Recently Robert B. Talisse has put forth a socio-epistemic justification of liberal democracy that he believes qualifies as a public justification in that it purportedly can be endorsed by all reasonable individuals. In avoiding narrow restraints on reasonableness, Talisse argues that he has in f...

  4. English Textbooks for Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language: Do They Really Help to Develop Communicative Competence? Textos en inglés para el aprendizaje y la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera: ¿realmente ayudan a desarrollar la competencia comunicativa? Textos em inglês para a aprendizagem e o ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira: eles realmente ajudam a desenvolver habilidades de comunicação?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fernando Gómez-Rodríguez

    2010-12-01

    ácticas mecánica y significativa. Esta información intenta ser de gran utilidad para los procesos de enseñanza de los profesores de inglés, en especial para aquellos que por lo general centran sus clases en el uso de textos. Se proponen sugerencias metodológicas, teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos.Os textos comunicativos são uma classe de materiais para aprendizagem de línguas, mostrando o uso real da linguagem para fins comunicativos em diversos contextos significativos. Proporcionam oportunidades de interação, comunicação e negociação do significado, ao invés de um simples estudo deformas lingüísticas. No artigo se discutem três tipos de prática da língua inglesa: mecânica, significativa e comunicativa. Se escolherem cinco textos representativos de inglês, utilizados na Colômbia actualmente, afim de determinar o grau em que incluem verdadeiras tarefas comunicativas e, neste sentido, como incentivam o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa. Foi demonstrado que o nível de prática comunicativa que tais textos oferecem aos estudantes de inglês é menos do que as práticas mecânica e significativa. Esta informação deve ser útil nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem dos professores de inglês, especialmente para aqueles que costumam concentrar suas lições no uso de textos. Com base nos resultados obtidos, se propõem sugestões metodológicas.

  5. Teoria da Ação Comunicativa e responsabilidade social empresarial: uma proposta de pesquisa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yvon Pesqueux

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, empreendemos uma revisão da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa e propomos uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a adoção de fóruns de debate de inspiração habermasiana nas organizações, visando à fixação de agendas de desenvolvimento sustentável para diversos setores da economia. Como a responsabilidade social da empresa diz respeito à implementação, por parte dela, de ações de desenvolvimento sustentável, considera-se que deva estabelecer uma agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável tendo em vista sua atuação em setores específicos da economia. Assim, a pauta de desenvolvimento de produtos, serviços e tecnologias que obedeçam às diretrizes de desenvolvimento sustentável deve ser fixada de acordo com critérios substantivos a ser debatidos em fóruns de comunicação de inspiração habermasiana.

  6. Characterizing Epistemic Uncertainty for Launch Vehicle Designs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Novack, Steven D.; Rogers, Jim; Hark, Frank; Al Hassan, Mohammad

    2016-01-01

    NASA Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) has the task of estimating the aleatory (randomness) and epistemic (lack of knowledge) uncertainty of launch vehicle loss of mission and crew risk and communicating the results. Launch vehicles are complex engineered systems designed with sophisticated subsystems that are built to work together to accomplish mission success. Some of these systems or subsystems are in the form of heritage equipment, while some have never been previously launched. For these cases, characterizing the epistemic uncertainty is of foremost importance, and it is anticipated that the epistemic uncertainty of a modified launch vehicle design versus a design of well understood heritage equipment would be greater. For reasons that will be discussed, standard uncertainty propagation methods using Monte Carlo simulation produce counter intuitive results and significantly underestimate epistemic uncertainty for launch vehicle models. Furthermore, standard PRA methods such as Uncertainty-Importance analyses used to identify components that are significant contributors to uncertainty are rendered obsolete since sensitivity to uncertainty changes are not reflected in propagation of uncertainty using Monte Carlo methods.This paper provides a basis of the uncertainty underestimation for complex systems and especially, due to nuances of launch vehicle logic, for launch vehicles. It then suggests several alternative methods for estimating uncertainty and provides examples of estimation results. Lastly, the paper shows how to implement an Uncertainty-Importance analysis using one alternative approach, describes the results, and suggests ways to reduce epistemic uncertainty by focusing on additional data or testing of selected components.

  7. Medios comunitarios como ejercicio de ciudadanía comunicativa: experiencias desde Argentina y Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Las recientes reformas latinoamericanas en el ámbito de la comunicación reconfiguran el rol y los desafíos de los medios populares, alternativos y comunitarios. El presente trabajo, basado en dos investigaciones de tipo cualitativo, una en Argentina y otra en Ecuador, analiza algunas experiencias concretas en este campo. El marco teórico de referencia se inscribe en la larga tradición de estudios latinoamericanos en torno a la comunicación popular para el cambio social, integrado también con aportes recientes de estudios europeos. El objetivo de las indagaciones era dar cuenta de la articulación comunidades-medios, intentando mostrar la existencia de vínculos recíprocos entre organización social y generación de contenidos. El análisis de los resultados evidencia que la participación directa en la fundación, gestión y sostenibilidad de estos medios por parte de la comunidad repercute en la generación de contenidos orgánicos a sus intereses y necesidades –normalmente desatendidos por los medios públicos y comerciales– y también en una mayor pluralidad y diversidad de la oferta mediática. Además, los resultados permiten avizorar que los medios populares, alternativos y comunitarios son espacios fundamentales para la democratización de la comunicación y para la construcción de una ciudadanía comunicativa. Un desafío que se desprende de las investigaciones es la necesidad de consolidar redes transnacionales para una acción concertada en el plano del orden global de la comunicación mediática, pudiendo medir su potencial incidencia en la agenda pública.

  8. Embedding epistemic modals in English: A corpus-based study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valentine Hacquard

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available The question of whether epistemic modals contribute to the truth conditions of the sentences they appear in is a matter of active debate in the literature. Fueling this debate is the lack of consensus about the extent to which epistemics can appear in the scope of other operators. This corpus study investigates the distribution of epistemics in naturalistic data. Our results indicate that they do embed, supporting the view that they contribute semantic content. However, their distribution is limited, compared to that of other modals. This limited distribution seems to call for a nuanced account: while epistemics are semantically contentful, they may require special licensing conditions. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.5.4 BibTeX info

  9. EPISTEMIC COMMUNITIES AND SERVICE DELIVERY CHOICES IN SPANISH MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miquel SALVADOR

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This article contributes to the debate on the use of alternative formulas for public service provision with arguments related to epistemic communities’ influence. Drawing on the literature on models of local public service delivery, the role of internal epistemic communities is discussed and tested through the consideration of two different communities related to specific municipal areas such as personal and urban services. The results demonstrate that the association of urban services’ epistemic communities with alternative formulas for direct provision to deliver services is greater than in the case of personal services’ epistemic community. Those findings contribute to the academic debate not only with arguments and evidence that reinforces the role of variables included in previous research but also by introducing the role of epistemic communities in determining some policy options (as the use of local public-service delivery formulas.

  10. Epistemic stance in courtroom interaction

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mortensen, Sune Sønderberg; Mortensen, Janus

    2017-01-01

    The oral examination of defendants and witnesses is a cornerstone in most criminal trials, where the weight and credibility of what is said and the certainty with which testimony is delivered will often be decisive for the ruling of the court. This chapter presents a case study of the linguistic...... construction of certainty and uncertainty – or epistemic stance taking – in Danish courtroom interaction. Based on transcribed audio recordings from a criminal trial in Denmark in 2014, we examine the ways in which the defendant, the alleged victim and an eyewitness construct epistemic stances during...

  11. Quantification of margins and uncertainties: Alternative representations of epistemic uncertainty

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Helton, Jon C.; Johnson, Jay D.

    2011-01-01

    In 2001, the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy in conjunction with the national security laboratories (i.e., Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories) initiated development of a process designated Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties (QMU) for the use of risk assessment methodologies in the certification of the reliability and safety of the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. A previous presentation, 'Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties: Conceptual and Computational Basis,' describes the basic ideas that underlie QMU and illustrates these ideas with two notional examples that employ probability for the representation of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. The current presentation introduces and illustrates the use of interval analysis, possibility theory and evidence theory as alternatives to the use of probability theory for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in QMU-type analyses. The following topics are considered: the mathematical structure of alternative representations of uncertainty, alternative representations of epistemic uncertainty in QMU analyses involving only epistemic uncertainty, and alternative representations of epistemic uncertainty in QMU analyses involving a separation of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. Analyses involving interval analysis, possibility theory and evidence theory are illustrated with the same two notional examples used in the presentation indicated above to illustrate the use of probability to represent aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in QMU analyses.

  12. Stochastic and epistemic uncertainty propagation in LCA

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Clavreul, Julie; Guyonnet, Dominique; Tonini, Davide

    2013-01-01

    of epistemic uncertainty representation using fuzzy intervals. The propagation methods used are the Monte Carlo analysis for probability distribution and an optimisation on alpha-cuts for fuzzy intervals. The proposed method (noted as Independent Random Set, IRS) generalizes the process of random sampling...... to probability distributions as well as fuzzy intervals, thus making the simultaneous use of both representations possible.The results highlight the fundamental difference between the probabilistic and possibilistic representations: while the Monte Carlo analysis generates a single probability distribution...... or expert judgement (epistemic uncertainty). The possibility theory has been developed over the last decades to address this problem. The objective of this study is to present a methodology that combines probability and possibility theories to represent stochastic and epistemic uncertainties in a consistent...

  13. Estrategia de mediación comunicativa para la construcción de una mejor comunicación asertiva entre padres e hijos adolescentes del grado quinto de primaria institución educativa departamental (i.e.d.) capellanía

    OpenAIRE

    Acosta Rodriguez, Martha Cecilia; Gonzalez Bonilla, Mauricio

    2016-01-01

    El diálogo teórico que sustenta esta investigación está fundamentado en las siguientes categorías: Mediación comunicativa, Comunicación asertiva, Familia y adolescentes, donde las semejanzas, la representación y la misma biología invitaban a pensar en el papel que juega el hombre a la hora de comunicarse, coincidencia que produce conocimiento pero no desde el significado sino desde el sentido, como se ve y como se experimenta en la realidad desde tres punt...

  14. Power, Knowledge, and Epistemic Delinking

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aneta Stojnić

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available In this paper I shall argue that radical epistemic delinking has a key role in liberation from the Colonial Matrix of Power as well as the change in the existing global power relations which are based in the colonialism and maintained through exploitation, expropriation and construction of the (racial Other. Those power relations render certain bodies and spaces as (epistemologically irrelevant. In order to discuss possible models of struggle against such condition, firstly I have addressed the relation between de-colonial theories and postcolonial studies, arguing that decolonial positions are both historicising and re-politicising the postcolonial theory. In my central argument I have focused on the epistemic delinking and political implications of decolonial turn. With reference to Grada Killomba I have argued for the struggle against epistemic violence through decolonising knowledge. Decolonising knowledge requires delinking form Eurocentric model of knowledge production and radical dismantling the existing hierarchies among different knowledge. It requires recognition of the ‘Other epistemologies’ and ‘Other knowledge’ as well as liberation from Western disciplinary and methodological limitations. One of the main goals of decolonial project is deinking from the Colonial Matrix of Power. However, delinking is not required only in the areas of economy and politics but also in the field of epistemology.   Article received: June 15, 2017; Article accepted: June 26, 2017; Published online: October 15, 2017; Original scholarly paper How to cite this article: Stojnić, Aneta. "Power, Knowledge, and Epistemic Delinking." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 14 (2017: 105-111. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i14.218

  15. Epistemic Communities, Situated Learning and Open Source Software Development

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Edwards, Kasper

    2001-01-01

    This paper analyses open source software (OSS) development as an epistemic community where each individual project is perceived as a single epistemic community. OSS development is a learning process where the involved parties contribute to, and learn from the community. It is discovered that theory...... of epistemic communities does indeed contribute to the understanding of open source software development. But, the important learning process of open source software development is not readily explained. The paper then introduces situated learning and legitimate peripheral participation as theoretical...

  16. EL CUERPO COMO PARADIGMA TEÓRICO EN LITERATURA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cándida Elizabeth Vivero Marín

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La teoría y la crítica literarias feministas toman como uno de sus ejes conceptuales al cuerpo, a fin de explicar el texto literario escrito principalmente por mujeres. Sin embargo, han dejado de lado un punto igualmente central: la función poética. Este artículo trata de traer de nueva cuenta, a la mesa de la discusión teórica, la necesidad de llegar a un equilibrio entre la función comunicativa y la función poética inherentes al texto literario.

  17. The Influence of Non-Epistemic Features of Settings on Epistemic Cognition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kawasaki, Jarod N.; DeLiema, David J.; Sandoval, William A.

    2014-01-01

    Situated theories of learning recognize the rules, tools, goals, and communities within which activities develop. Similarly, situated theories of epistemic cognition recognize that individuals' ideas about knowledge are tentative and dependent on particular contexts. In this study, we bring these frameworks together and qualitatively examine how…

  18. Undecidability in Epistemic Planning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Aucher, Guillaume; Bolander, Thomas

    2013-01-01

    at a price. The planning framework is undecidable, even if we allow only purely epistemic actions (actions that change only beliefs, not ontic facts). Undecidability holds already in the S5 setting with at least 2 agents, and even with 1 agent in S4. It shows that multi-agent planning is robustly undecidable......Dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) provides a very expressive framework for multi-agent planning that can deal with nondeterminism, partial observability, sensing actions, and arbitrary nesting of beliefs about other agents’ beliefs. However, as we show in this paper, this expressiveness comes...... if we assume that agents can reason with an arbitrary nesting of beliefs about beliefs. We also prove a corollary showing undecidability of the DEL model checking problem with the star operator on actions (iteration)....

  19. Moderate Epistemic Expressivism

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ahlström, Kristoffer

    2013-01-01

    express nothing but commitments to particular goals of inquiry, and (b) there are at least two viable conceptions of those goals. It is shown that such expressivism survives recent arguments against a more radical form of epistemic expressivism, as well as two further arguments, framed in terms of the two...

  20. Mapping university students’ epistemic framing of computational physics using network analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Madelen Bodin

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Solving physics problem in university physics education using a computational approach requires knowledge and skills in several domains, for example, physics, mathematics, programming, and modeling. These competences are in turn related to students’ beliefs about the domains as well as about learning. These knowledge and beliefs components are referred to here as epistemic elements, which together represent the students’ epistemic framing of the situation. The purpose of this study was to investigate university physics students’ epistemic framing when solving and visualizing a physics problem using a particle-spring model system. Students’ epistemic framings are analyzed before and after the task using a network analysis approach on interview transcripts, producing visual representations as epistemic networks. The results show that students change their epistemic framing from a modeling task, with expectancies about learning programming, to a physics task, in which they are challenged to use physics principles and conservation laws in order to troubleshoot and understand their simulations. This implies that the task, even though it is not introducing any new physics, helps the students to develop a more coherent view of the importance of using physics principles in problem solving. The network analysis method used in this study is shown to give intelligible representations of the students’ epistemic framing and is proposed as a useful method of analysis of textual data.

  1. Relaciones Públicas 2.0: Hostilidad comunicativa en Redes Sociales. Estudio de Caso de Adidas Polonia en Facebook / Public Relations 2.0: Comunication hostility in Social Media. Adidas Poland in Facebook Case Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Damián García Ponce

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Las malas decisiones estratégicas pueden afectar en gran medida a los planes de Relaciones Públicas, y más aún en un ámbito tan difícil de controlar como el online. Observado el fenómeno de la Hostilidad Comunicativa como un paso de anticipación a las Crisis Comunicativas que la organización podría incluir en sus análisis, mostramos los efectos de dicha hostilidad mediante un sistema de análisis-auditoría de Hostilidad desarrollada a tal efecto y comprobar si se dieron las circunstancias suficientes como para haber considerado útil, de conocerla, esta herramienta. Para ello analizamos el caso de la Crisis Online de Adidas Polonia y su contendiente reactiva Adisucks. / The wrong strategic decisions can have a great impact on the PR plans, especially in the online environment that is rather difficult to control. As the results of the extensive observation of Communication Hostility being considered the previous stage to the Communication Crisis of which the analysis shall have been included by the organization, hereby the effects of such hostility are demonstrated. The principal method of the investigation is based on the system of analysis and audit of Communication Hostility designed to specifically for the purpose of hostility management. The aim is to examine if the conditions of the case of the crisis online of Adidas Poland called Adisucks that is the subject of the present post-crisis and reactive analysis have been sufficient to apply this tool and prove its utility.

  2. Cognitive Development, Epistemic Doubt, and Identity Formation in Adolescence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boyes, Michael C.; Chandler, Michael

    1992-01-01

    To evaluate the part that nascent skeptical doubt plays in shaping adolescent social-cognitive development, 61 high school students clearly classified as in concrete or formal operational stages of cognitive development completed a measure of epistemic stances. A relationship was found between cognitive and epistemic development. (SLD)

  3. Reconciliación metodológica e intercultural: posibilidades de la enseñanza comunicativa de lenguas en China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez Griñán, Alberto

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Los intentos de implementación, desde los años 80, de una enseñanza comunicativa de lenguas en China no han sido satisfactorios. Con el fin de explorar sus posibilidades, se parte de una problemática similar en la didáctica de lenguas en Occidente, relativa a las dificultades de implementación metodológica y a la dudosa aceptación de la misma por parte de los alumnos occidentales (Lozano y Ruiz, 1996. Se señala la importancia de considerar las posibles soluciones aportadas, teniendo en cuenta los factores contextuales y culturales de la educación en China que influyen en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de lenguas. Se examinan las posibles causas del fracaso de la enseñanza comunicativa en China desde dos perspectivas: la “cultura china de aprendizaje” (Cortazzi y Jin, 1996; Hu, 2002 y las condiciones específicas determinadas por el sistema de evaluación en los centros públicos de enseñanza (Gieve y Clark, 2005. La distinción será relevante a lo largo del artículo, ya que permitirá dilucidar los factores culturales subyacentes y las limitaciones explicables por las condiciones curriculares, aspectos que se han confundido a menudo en la bibliografía. Asimismo, implicará una distinta interpretación de la descripción del “aprendiente chino”. Se describe la situación de la enseñanza / aprendizaje del español en las universidades chinas desde la perspectiva de la continuidad de la tradición educativa, aspecto de especial importancia en la consideración del eclecticismo como vía de reconciliación metodológica entre el modelo de enseñanza más extendido y los enfoques comunicativos. La explotación didáctica de secuencias léxicas no analizadas, o el desarrollo de la competencia formulaica (Celce-Murcia, 2007, puede ser un “puente” hacia la actitud comunicativa en el aprendizaje, dado el potencial de los alumnos chinos en la práctica de la memorización. Asimismo, la enseñanza por tareas revela ser lo

  4. Doxastic and Epistemic Freedom

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Bruin, Boudewijn

    This paper offers a new view of doxastic voluntarism, epistemic agency and doxastic responsibility. It assumes the perspective of political freedom and uses the stit-theoretic framework from modal logic to investigate the obstacles that other individuals could place in the way of the adoption of

  5. Structures for Epistemic Logic

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bezhanishvili, N.; Hoek, W. van der

    2013-01-01

    Epistemic modal logic in a narrow sense studies and formalises reasoning about knowledge. In a wider sense, it gives a formal account of the informational attitude that agents may have, and covers notions like knowledge, belief, uncertainty, and hence incomplete or partial information. As is so

  6. Temporalizing Epistemic Default Logic

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Hoek, Wiebe; Meyer, John Jules; Treur, Jan

    1998-01-01

    We present an epistemic default logic, based on the metaphore of a meta-level architecture. Upward reflection is formalized by a nonmonotonic entailment relation, based on the objective facts that are either known or unknown at the object level. Then, the meta (monotonic) reasoning process generates

  7. Summary from the epistemic uncertainty workshop: consensus amid diversity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferson, Scott; Joslyn, Cliff A.; Helton, Jon C.; Oberkampf, William L.; Sentz, Kari

    2004-01-01

    The 'Epistemic Uncertainty Workshop' sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories was held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on 6-7 August 2002. The workshop was organized around a set of Challenge Problems involving both epistemic and aleatory uncertainty that the workshop participants were invited to solve and discuss. This concluding article in a special issue of Reliability Engineering and System Safety based on the workshop discusses the intent of the Challenge Problems, summarizes some discussions from the workshop, and provides a technical comparison among the papers in this special issue. The Challenge Problems were computationally simple models that were intended as vehicles for the illustration and comparison of conceptual and numerical techniques for use in analyses that involve: (i) epistemic uncertainty, (ii) aggregation of multiple characterizations of epistemic uncertainty, (iii) combination of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty, and (iv) models with repeated parameters. There was considerable diversity of opinion at the workshop about both methods and fundamental issues, and yet substantial consensus about what the answers to the problems were, and even about how each of the four issues should be addressed. Among the technical approaches advanced were probability theory, Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, random sets, sets of probability measures, imprecise coherent probabilities, coherent lower previsions, probability boxes, possibility theory, fuzzy sets, joint distribution tableaux, polynomial chaos expansions, and info-gap models. Although some participants maintained that a purely probabilistic approach is fully capable of accounting for all forms of uncertainty, most agreed that the treatment of epistemic uncertainty introduces important considerations and that the issues underlying the Challenge Problems are legitimate and significant. Topics identified as meriting additional research include elicitation of uncertainty representations, aggregation of

  8. Communicating Epistemic Stance: How Speech and Gesture Patterns Reflect Epistemicity and Evidentiality

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roseano, Paolo; González, Montserrat; Borràs-Comes, Joan; Prieto, Pilar

    2016-01-01

    This study investigates how epistemic stance is encoded and perceived in face-to-face communication when language is regarded as comprised by speech and gesture. Two studies were conducted with this goal in mind. The first study consisted of a production task in which participants performed opinion reports. Results showed that speakers communicate…

  9. La carpeta de Aprendizaje como herramienta de seguimiento y evaluación del alumno en la asignatura. “Desarrollo de Competencias"

    OpenAIRE

    Asensio Castañeda, Eva María; Blanco Fernández, María Ascensión

    2010-01-01

    La asignatura de Libre Elección “Desarrollo de Competencias” ofertada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid, está destinada a alumnos que cursan cualquier titulación que se imparte en dicha universidad. Su objetivo es que, por medio del uso de nuevas metodologías y herramientas de evaluación continua y seguimiento tales como la carpeta de aprendizaje, el alumno adquiera y desarrolle competencias tan importantes como: la gestión eficaz del tiempo, habilidades comunicativas, trabajo en equipo, li...

  10. Diagnóstico de la competencia comunicativa en inglés de un grupo de escolares chilenos: puntos de encuentro con su perfil estratégico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Gabriela Sanhueza

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Recientemente, el Ministerio de Educación de Chile aplicó por primera vez una evaluación de las habilidades receptivas en inglés a todos los estudiantes de tercer año de enseñanza media del país. Este diagnóstico permitió advertir que en las áreas de comprensión auditiva y comprensión lectora alcanzan niveles insuficientes. Sin embargo, aún es muy poco lo que se ha investigado, en el contexto educacional chileno, acerca del estado de la competencia comunicativa de nuestros jóvenes en lengua inglesa. La presente investigación se propone establecer algunos puntos de encuentro entre la descripción de la competencia comunicativa en inglés de un grupo de escolares chilenos y el perfil de estrategias de aprendizaje de lengua extranjera que les caracteriza. Este estudio corresponde a uno descriptivo, transversal, de caso único. Los datos analizados provienen de los informes de resultados de la aplicación del examen First Certificate in English y de un perfil estratégico de aprendizaje de inglés como idioma extranjero obtenido a partir del cuestionario Strategy Inventory for Language Learning.

  11. Erotetic epistemic logic

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Peliš, Michal

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 26, č. 3 (2017), s. 357-381 ISSN 1425-3305 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GC16-07954J Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : epistemic logic * erotetic implication * erotetic logic * logic of questions Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion OBOR OECD: Philosophy, History and Philosophy of science and technology http://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/LLP/article/view/LLP.2017.007

  12. O conceito de ação comunicativa: uma contribuição para a consulta de enfermagem El concepto de acción comunicativa The concept of communicative action: a contribution to nursing consultation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Maria Tavares Machado

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Muitas vezes o enfermeiro possui uma visão mecanicista, compreendendo o indivíduo a partir de uma abordagem biológica, sem atentar para as dimensões psicológicas, históricas e culturais. Nesse sentido, torna-se necessário uma abordagem em que a comunicação entre enfermeiro e usuários dos serviços de saúde possa ser realizada de forma mais compreensiva e participativa. Esse estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os conceitos sobre a linguagem e comunicação na consulta de enfermagem, utilizando, como marco teórico conceitual, a teoria da pragmática universal de Jürgen Habermas. Na prática cotidiana do enfermeiro, torna-se importante a mediação e adequação do conhecimento e habilidades técnicas para uma atuação eficaz no cuidado humanizado do indivíduo e coletividade. A prática dialógica, por meio da ação comunicativa reflexiva e participativa do enfermeiro, é necessária para uma atenção mais humanizada.Muchas veces el enfermero posee una visión mecanicista, comprendiendo el individuo a partir de una aproximación biológica, sin atentar para las dimensiones psicológicas, históricas y culturales. En ese sentido, se torna necesaria una aproximación más humanizada, donde la comunicación entre enfermero y usuarios de los servicios de salud pueda ser realizada de forma más comprensiva y participativa. Esto estudio tiene como objetivo presentar los conceptos sobre el lenguaje y comunicación en la consulta de enfermería, utilizando como marco teórico conceptual la teoría de la pragmática universal de Jürgen Habermas. En la práctica cotidiana del enfermero, se tornan importantes la mediación y adecuación del conocimiento y habilidades técnicas para una actuación eficaz en el cuidado humanizado del individuo y de la colectividad. La práctica dialogística, a través de la acción comunicativa reflexiva y participativa del enfermero, es necesaria para una atención más humanizada.Nurses often adopt a

  13. Thinking about online sources: Exploring students' epistemic cognition in internet-based chemistry learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dai, Ting

    This dissertation investigated the relation between epistemic cognition---epistemic aims and source beliefs---and learning outcome in an Internet--based research context. Based on a framework of epistemic cognition (Chinn, Buckland, & Samarapungavan, 2011), a context--specific epistemic aims and source beliefs questionnaire (CEASBQ) was developed and administered to 354 students from college--level introductory chemistry courses. A series of multitrait--multimethod model comparisons provided evidence for construct convergent and discriminant validity for three epistemic aims--- true beliefs, justified beliefs, explanatory connection, which were all distinguished from, yet correlated with, mastery goals. Students' epistemic aims were specific to the chemistry topics in research. Multidimensional scaling results indicated that students' source evaluation was based on two dimensions--- professional expertise and first--hand knowledge, suggesting a multidimensional structure of source beliefs. Most importantly, online learning outcome was found to be significantly associated with two epistemic aims---justified beliefs and explanatory connection: The more students sought justifications in the online research, the lower they tended to score on the learning outcome measure, whereas the more students sought explanatory connections between information, the higher they scored on the outcome measure. There was a significant but small positive association between source beliefs and learning outcome. The influences of epistemic aims and source beliefs on learning outcome were found to be above and beyond the effects of a number of covariates, including prior knowledge and perceived ability with online sources.

  14. Facing the Incompleteness of Epistemic Trust: Managing Dependence in Scientific Practice

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wagenknecht, Susann

    2014-01-01

    Based on an empirical study of a research team in natural science, the author argues that collaborating scientists do not trust each other completely. Due to the inherent incompleteness of trust, epistemic trust among scientists is not sufficient to manage epistemic dependency in research teams....... To mitigate the limitations of epistemic trust, scientists resort to specific strategies of indirect assessment such as dialoguing practices and the probing of explanatory responsiveness. Furthermore, they rely upon impersonal trust and deploy practices of hierarchical authorship....

  15. ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE WITH THE USE OF THE EDUCATIVE SOFTWARE / COMPETENCIA COMUNICATIVA EN INGLÉS CON EL USO DEL SOFTWARE EDUCATIVO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oldy Medina Betancourt

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The authors supported the formation and development of the communicative competence in English with the use of the educative software for Senior High School students which constitutes a tool for all teachers and students because of the advantages that the modern technology offers to the lessons. Communicative competence has a paramount importance for human communication, which is its goal. The content of the article provides the theoretic, basically didactical sustains to the use of the software in the English lessons as a scientific newness. This technology, well used, could help the teaching learning process of this subject. In this article, some key categories are redefined and the treatment to the diagnosis and stimulation of some cognitive elements is also presented. These are of substantive importance for using new technology in the solution of the scientific problem dealt with. RESUMEN Se abordó la formación y desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en inglés con el uso del software educativo para los estudiantes de preuniversitario, que se constituye en herramienta al alcance de los profesores y estudiantes por las ventajas que ofrece el uso de medios modernos en el aula. La competencia comunicativa, reviste importancia capital para la comunicación humana, que es definitivamente su fin. Su contenido recoge los sustentos teóricos, básicamente didácticos, para el uso del software en las clases de inglés como elemento de novedad científica. Esta tecnología, bien utilizada, sirve de soporte al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de esta lengua. En el artículo se redefinen categorías clave para el proceso que se modela, así como se le da tratamiento al diagnóstico y estimulación de elementos de naturaleza cognitiva, que son de importancia sustantiva para la utilización del novedoso medio en función de dar solución al problema científico que se abordó.

  16. Epistemic Beliefs and Conceptual Understanding in Biotechnology: A Case Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rebello, Carina M.; Siegel, Marcelle A.; Witzig, Stephen B.; Freyermuth, Sharyn K.; McClure, Bruce A.

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of this investigation was to explore students' epistemic beliefs and conceptual understanding of biotechnology. Epistemic beliefs can influence reasoning, how individuals evaluate information, and informed decision making abilities. These skills are important for an informed citizenry that will participate in debates regarding areas in…

  17. Governance and Knowledge Exchange within and Between Epistemic Communities

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Håkanson, Lars

    2004-01-01

    All knowledge is context dependent. The relevant context is the social community where it resides, i.e. the `epistemic community' formed as groups of people define and legitimize the knowledge they possess. In the mutual engagement in a common enterprise, epistemic communities develop, maintain...... and nurture the codes, tools and theories that provide the basis of their practice. Commonalities of code, tools and theory facilitate both voluntary transfer and involuntary imitation of knowledge within communities, also ones spanning organizational boundaries. Conversely, knowledge transfer between...... different epistemic communities, whether desired or unintended, is often cumbersome and fraught with difficulties. In order to achieve effective integration and cooperation between its various professional communities and subcultures, firms must therefore undertake investments in boundary...

  18. Social Struggles as Epistemic Struggles

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    R.A. Icaza Garza (Rosalba); R. Vázquez (Rolando)

    2013-01-01

    markdownabstract__Abstract__ This contribution offers a view on social struggles as epistemic struggles to critically engage with the Activism 2010+ debate. Our core idea is that social struggles that stand up against depoliticization, economic exploitation and cultural alienation cannot be

  19. Los jóvenes como usuarios de aplicaciones de marca en dispositivos móviles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Ruiz del Olmo

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza el papel de los jóvenes consumidores en el contexto de los nuevos procesos comunicativos que surgen de tecnologías emergentes: el uso de las aplicaciones de marca en los dispositivos móviles. Éstos incorporan funcionalidades sociales y comunicativas cada vez más complejas y, entre ellas, las aplicaciones para teléfonos inteligentes que vinculan publicidad comercial y pagos forman un campo novedoso pero de interés prioritario para distintos actores comunicativos, como son las marcas comerciales, los servicios bancarios y las propias compañías tecnológicas. En ese contexto la presente investigación describe y codifica cualitativamente cómo los usuarios entienden, perciben y utilizan, como prosumidores, las aplicaciones de marca corporativa y los pagos. Para ello se aplican técnicas de investigación en cuatro grupos focales, de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 24 años, compuestos por jóvenes universitarios españoles estudiantes en Comunicación, como usuarios que muestran una predisposición y una adopción temprana de estas prácticas. Las respuestas de las reuniones del grupo de discusión permitieron una clasificación de las prácticas comunicativas. En conclusión, se constata una alta predisposición de estos consumidores activos por interactuar con contenidos comerciales, estableciendo redes sociales bajo el amparo de una cultura e imagen de marca, como forma de cohesión grupal. Otros usos se relacionan con el entretenimiento y la información, al tiempo que aún se muestran reticentes al pago de productos o servicios mediante el dispositivo móvil.

  20. Decision making with epistemic uncertainty under safety constraints: An application to seismic design

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veneziano, D.; Agarwal, A.; Karaca, E.

    2009-01-01

    The problem of accounting for epistemic uncertainty in risk management decisions is conceptually straightforward, but is riddled with practical difficulties. Simple approximations are often used whereby future variations in epistemic uncertainty are ignored or worst-case scenarios are postulated. These strategies tend to produce sub-optimal decisions. We develop a general framework based on Bayesian decision theory and exemplify it for the case of seismic design of buildings. When temporal fluctuations of the epistemic uncertainties and regulatory safety constraints are included, the optimal level of seismic protection exceeds the normative level at the time of construction. Optimal Bayesian decisions do not depend on the aleatory or epistemic nature of the uncertainties, but only on the total (epistemic plus aleatory) uncertainty and how that total uncertainty varies randomly during the lifetime of the project. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Epistemic Freedom and Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hinchliffe, Geoffrey

    2018-01-01

    First of all, I define the concept of epistemic freedom in the light of the changing nature of educational practice that prioritise over-prescriptive conceptions of learning. I defend the 'reality' of this freedom against possible determinist-related criticisms. I do this by stressing the concept of agency as characterised by 'becoming'. I also…

  2. The Value of Epistemic Norms | Mitova | South African Journal of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    It is argued that, contrary to popular pragmatist opinion, the source of epistemic normativity does not lie in the realm of practical rationality. Epistemic norms are indeed hypothetical, as the pragmatist anticipates, but he has misjudged how much their antecedent can do for him. I first consider the most general argument ...

  3. El camino: un camino para la adquisición de la competencia literaria y comunicativa en el aula de ELE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daiana Dumbravescu

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Enseñar literatura no es empresa fácil. Desde esta perspectiva, nuestra propuesta práctica abarca una serie de actividades, cuyo punto de partida es la obra de Miguel Delibes, El camino. Teniendo como pretexto un fragmento literario, las explotaciones propuestas intentan cumplir con la triple función, señalada por Rosalie Sitman e Ivonne Lerner (1993, de estímulo, vehículo y herramienta para la adquisición de la competencia comunicativa, en sus componentes lingüísticos y culturales y, a la vez,incitar al alumno a utilizar la lengua meta para explorar, descifrar e interpretar el contenido y las estructuras lingüísticas y estilísticas del mismo. Se intenta desarrollar una conciencia cultural más amplia, que permita al alumno aprehender y juzgar las manifestaciones de un mundo cultural diferente al suyo. La propuesta práctica se dirige a un grupo meta de alumnos que cursen los estudios de filología hispánica en cualquier universidad donde se impartan clases de ELE y en cuyo currículo figure El camino como lectura obligatoria.

  4. Role of the Epistemic Subject in Piaget's Genetic Epistemology and Its Importance for Science Education.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Niaz, Mansoor

    1991-01-01

    Discusses differences between the epistemic and the psychological subject, the relationship between the epistemic subject and the ideal gas law, the development of general cognitive operations, and the empirical testability of Piaget's epistemic subject. (PR)

  5. Extended cognition and epistemic luck

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Carter, J.A.

    2013-01-01

    When extended cognition is extended into mainstream epistemology, an awkward tension arises when considering cases of environmental epistemic luck. Surprisingly, it is not at all clear how the mainstream verdict that agents lack knowledge in cases of environmental luck can be reconciled with

  6. El texto literario en la clase de español como lengua extranjera: propuestas y modelos de uso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Khemais Jouini

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es postular la inclusión del texto literario en los programas de español como lengua extranjera (E/LE, en tanto este tipo de textos deja de ser un mero trazo ornamental en las distintas unidades enseñadas a los alumnos, para convertirse en un acto de comunicación, vehículo de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del E/LE en un contexto institucional y artificial -adaptado a un perfil de alumnado intermedio / avanzado-, catalizador de diversas actividades tanto de orden oral como escrito, e instrumento didáctico integrador de las habilidades comunicativas. Además, en este artículo se establecen unos criterios de selección para delimitar las características de los textos a utilizar, en correspondencia con los objetivos y los contenidos lingüísticos, las necesidades y los intereses de los estudiantes, y se sugieren unos parámetros didácticos y metodológicos útiles para la elaboración de actividades adecuadas a cada tipo de texto. Finalizamos el trabajo con dos propuestas de aplicaciones prácticas para la transformación de un texto literario en una actividad comunicativa.

  7. Metodología para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua materna como nodo interdisciplinar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Moreira-Carbonell

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Se ofrece una metodología para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua materna como nodo interdisciplinar, a partir de una concepción amplia del texto como “conjunto sígnico coherente”, dotado de códigos de acuerdo con su función comunicativa según la semiótica. Se enfatiza en la utilización del texto más allá del marco de las humanidades. Con ello se potencia el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a partir del trabajo con el texto por ser portador del contenido de aprendizaje, que actúa objetivamente como el objeto que satisface las necesidades de atribución y producción de los significados que necesita el estudiante para poder transformar sus conocimientos.

  8. Expression of Epistemic Stance in EFL Chinese University Students' Writing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Zhenzhen

    2012-01-01

    This paper reported findings on a contrastive analysis of epistemic expressions in argumentative essays between NS and NNS Chinese L2 writers. Based on an examination of a NS corpus and a NNS learner corpus across four proficiency levels, the study shows there is great similarity in the total number of epistemic devices used per thousand words…

  9. Pequeños televidentes / Pequeños productores. De cómo los niños participan en la ciudadanía comunicativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacqueline Sánchez-Carrero

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo es una refl exión sobre la relación que tienen los niños con los medios digitales como parte de la ciudadanía comunicativa en nuestros días. Lo niños han comenzado a hacer consultas a distintas páginas web, enviar correos electrónicos, "chatear", utilizar la fotografía digital, "colgar" vídeos para YouTube o pertenecer a redes sociales virtuales. En general, se hace necesario alfabetizarlos no sólo en el uso saludable de la red, sino también en todo lo relacionado con la producción audiovisual y la recepción crítica de los medios de comunicación; han de conocer también el manejo del factor emocional como aspecto clave para atraeraudiencias. Padres y maestros debemos aprender cómo es el mundo digital para poder asesorar y guiar al niño en su ruta por la sociedad de la información que ya transita.

  10. The Acquisition of Epistemic Modality: From Semantic Meaning to Pragmatic Interpretation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ozturk, Ozge; Papafragou, Anna

    2015-01-01

    Three experiments investigated the acquisition of English epistemic modal verbs (e.g., "may", "have to"). Semantically, these verbs encode possibility or necessity with respect to available evidence. Pragmatically, the use of weak epistemic modals often gives rise to scalar conversational inferences (e.g., "The toy may be…

  11. Nuevas resistencias comunicativas: la rebelión de los ACARP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    IA Del Amo

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. El trabajo pretende ser una aportación en el debate en torno al papel que los medios de comunicación tienen en el cultivo de asunciones sobre la realidad, especialmente a raíz de la emergencia de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs. Objetivos. Se analizarán dos formas específicas y novedosas de disputa comunicativa por parte de los movimientos sociales: los lip dub reivindicativos y las grabaciones ciudadanas de actuaciones policiales. Englobamos a ambas bajo la categoría de Artefacto Cultural Audiovisual de Reivindicación y Protesta (ACARP. Metodología. Se realiza un análisis teórico acerca de las relaciones entre poder, comunicación y resistencias, proponiendo una lectura acerca de los distintos planos en los que resistencias y disputas se articulan. Para el análisis empírico, atendemos a las reflexiones metodológicas en torno a la sociología visual, aplicándolas a seis de estos artefactos audiovisuales en el contexto vasco. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados proporcionan una caracterización general de estos artefactos audiovisuales. El análisis del caso vasco permite situar estas innovaciones tácticas y comunicativas, y discutir acerca de la importancia del contexto, la construcción del discurso, las posibles tendencias a la espectacularización y las posibilidades de contrarrestrar estereotipaciones.

  12. Epistemic logics for sceptical agents

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Bílková, M.; Majer, Ondrej; Peliš, Michal

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 26, č. 6 (2016), s. 1815-1841 ISSN 0955-792X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA13-21076S Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : epistemic logic * substructural logic * frame semantics Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion Impact factor: 0.909, year: 2016

  13. Trastorno del Espectro Autista y competencia comunicativa: expresión emocional

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Alonso, Lara

    2017-01-01

    El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es un déficit que implica diferentes alteraciones a nivel comunicativo y emocional. La adquisición de estas habilidades es fundamental para un adecuado desarrollo personal y social y su integración plena en la sociedad. En consecuencia, el presente estudio pretende mostrar las principales características y dificultades comunicativas y emocionales que se dan en las personas con TEA. Asimismo, el estudio de diversos modelos de intervenci...

  14. Fairness in Knowing: Science Communication and Epistemic Justice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Medvecky, Fabien

    2017-09-22

    Science communication, as a field and as a practice, is fundamentally about knowledge distribution; it is about the access to, and the sharing of knowledge. All distribution (science communication included) brings with it issues of ethics and justice. Indeed, whether science communicators acknowledge it or not, they get to decide both which knowledge is shared (by choosing which topic is communicated), and who gets access to this knowledge (by choosing which audience it is presented to). As a result, the decisions of science communicators have important implications for epistemic justice: how knowledge is distributed fairly and equitably. This paper presents an overview of issues related to epistemic justice for science communication, and argues that there are two quite distinct ways in which science communicators can be just (or unjust) in the way they distribute knowledge. Both of these paths will be considered before concluding that, at least on one of these accounts, science communication as a field and as a practice is fundamentally epistemically unjust. Possible ways to redress this injustice are suggested.

  15. Role of the epistemic subject in Piaget's genetic epistemology and its importance for science education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Niaz, Mansoor

    According to Piaget, a fundamental epistemological distinction must be made between the psychological and the epistemic subject. The epistemic subject is studied by the genetic epistemologist who charts development through a common universal rationality, which develops, whereas the psychological subject is studied by the developmental/cognitive psychologist by focusing on accidental contingencies surrounding particular people and their individual differences. The epistemic subject as compared to the psychological subject is an idealized abstraction, viz., that set of underlying epistemic structures common to everyone at the same level of development. The objective of this study is to investigate the degree to which investigators in science education conceptualize the difference between the epistemic and the psychological subjects. It is argued that just as the ideal gas law (based on the theoretical formulation of Maxwell and Boltzmann) provides a general model to which the real gases approximate under different experimental conditions, so we can consider (by abduction) the epistemic subject to be an ideal knower to which the real (psychological) subjects approximate to varying degrees. The difference between the epistemic and the psychological subjects, however, cannot be used as an epistemological shield in defense of Piagetian theory. Any test of the Piagetian theory must involve psychological or real subjects. Empirical testability, however, need not be equated to being scientific. An analogy is drawn between Galileo's idealization, which led to the discovery of the law of free-fall, and Piaget's epistemic subject. Research conducted in science education shows that at least for some critics the wide variations in the age at which individuals acquire the different Piagetian stages is crucial for rejecting the theory. It is argued that the real issue is not the proportion of heterogeneity but the understanding that Piaget, by neglecting individual differences

  16. Developing Secondary Students' Epistemic Agency in a Knowledge-Building Community

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, Kwok-Wing; Campbell, Madeline

    2018-01-01

    A key educational objective for the twenty-first century is developing students' epistemic agency. Epistemic agency is the active process of choosing when, what, where one learns and how one knows, as well as the capacity to create knowledge in a community. The knowledge-building communities model developed by Scardamalia and Bereiter was used in…

  17. The problem of moral luck: An argument against its epistemic reduction

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schinkel, A.

    2009-01-01

    Whom I call 'epistemic reductionists' in this article are critics of the notion of 'moral luck' that maintain that all supposed cases of moral luck are illusory; they are in fact cases of what I describe as a special form of epistemic luck, the only difference lying in what we get to know about

  18. Promoting elementary students' epistemology of science through computer-supported knowledge-building discourse and epistemic reflection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Feng; Chan, Carol K. K.

    2018-04-01

    This study examined the role of computer-supported knowledge-building discourse and epistemic reflection in promoting elementary-school students' scientific epistemology and science learning. The participants were 39 Grade 5 students who were collectively pursuing ideas and inquiry for knowledge advance using Knowledge Forum (KF) while studying a unit on electricity; they also reflected on the epistemic nature of their discourse. A comparison class of 22 students, taught by the same teacher, studied the same unit using the school's established scientific investigation method. We hypothesised that engaging students in idea-driven and theory-building discourse, as well as scaffolding them to reflect on the epistemic nature of their discourse, would help them understand their own scientific collaborative discourse as a theory-building process, and therefore understand scientific inquiry as an idea-driven and theory-building process. As hypothesised, we found that students engaged in knowledge-building discourse and reflection outperformed comparison students in scientific epistemology and science learning, and that students' understanding of collaborative discourse predicted their post-test scientific epistemology and science learning. To further understand the epistemic change process among knowledge-building students, we analysed their KF discourse to understand whether and how their epistemic practice had changed after epistemic reflection. The implications on ways of promoting epistemic change are discussed.

  19. Socio-epistemic analysis of scientific knowledge production in little science research

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Pepe

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available The processes that drive knowledge production and dissemination in scientific environments are embedded within the social, technical, cultural and epistemic practices of the constituent research communities. This article presents a methodology to unpack specific social and epistemic dimensions of scientific knowledge production using, as a case study,  the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS, a National Science Foundation “little science” research center involved in theoretical and applied work in the field of wireless communication and sensor networks. By analysis of its scholarly record, I construct a social network of coauthorship, linking individuals that have coauthored scholarly artifacts (journal articles and conference papers, and an epistemic network of topic co-occurrence, linking concepts and knowledge constructs in the same scholarly artifacts. This article reports on ongoing work directed at the study of the emergence and evolution of these networks of scientific interaction. I present some preliminary results and introduce a socio-epistemic method for an historical analysis of network co-evolution. I outline a research design to support further investigations of knowledge production in scientific circles.

  20. Las empresas en Facebook y Twitter. Situación actual y estrategias comunicativas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JÁ Pérez Dasilva

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Dada su influencia, las empresas se están viendo obligadas a integrar las redes sociales en sus estrategias de comunicación. Objetivos. Pretendemos ofrecer una visión general sobre el uso de Facebook y Twitter en las principales marcas comerciales en España y analizamos la actividad de las cuentas más sensibles a las críticas para conocer la estrategia comunicativa de sus responsables. Método. Se han seleccionado las cuentas de las tres marcas con mayor inversión publicitaria en 15 sectores, recopilando y procesando 5.433 tweets y 3.000 posts en una tabla analítica. Conclusiones. Queda demostrada la presencia masiva de estas compañías en las redes sociales, al tiempo que se constata la variabilidad extrema del número de seguidores, el tráfico y la naturaleza de la información. Sin embargo, se ha podido demostrar que el uso que se le da a las distintas redes y las estrategias comunicativas requeridas en unas y en otras son distinguibles e identificables.

  1. Shared reality in intergroup communication: Increasing the epistemic authority of an out-group audience.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Echterhoff, Gerald; Kopietz, René; Higgins, E Tory

    2017-06-01

    Communicators typically tune messages to their audience's attitude. Such audience tuning biases communicators' memory for the topic toward the audience's attitude to the extent that they create a shared reality with the audience. To investigate shared reality in intergroup communication, we first established that a reduced memory bias after tuning messages to an out-group (vs. in-group) audience is a subtle index of communicators' denial of shared reality to that out-group audience (Experiments 1a and 1b). We then examined whether the audience-tuning memory bias might emerge when the out-group audience's epistemic authority is enhanced, either by increasing epistemic expertise concerning the communication topic or by creating epistemic consensus among members of a multiperson out-group audience. In Experiment 2, when Germans communicated to a Turkish audience with an attitude about a Turkish (vs. German) target, the audience-tuning memory bias appeared. In Experiment 3, when the audience of German communicators consisted of 3 Turks who all held the same attitude toward the target, the memory bias again appeared. The association between message valence and memory valence was consistently higher when the audience's epistemic authority was high (vs. low). An integrative analysis across all studies also suggested that the memory bias increases with increasing strength of epistemic inputs (epistemic expertise, epistemic consensus, and audience-tuned message production). The findings suggest novel ways of overcoming intergroup biases in intergroup relations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  2. Oralidade letrada e competência comunicativa: implicações para a construção da escrita em sala de aula

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angela B. Kleiman

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, propõe-se que as práticas orais letradas do professor alfabetizador sejam analisadas segundo o conceito de viabilidade do modelo de competência comunicativa de Hymes (1966. A utilização do modelo de competência comunicativa, com as modificações propostas por Gumperz (1982, é complementada com a noção de gênero de Bakhtin (1953, de forma a construir uma matriz que permita integrar os aspectos sociocognitivos do modelo de Hymes, os aspectos sociointeracionais da noção de conhecimento construído na interação de Gumperz e os aspectos socio-históricos. O conceito de viabilidade no modelo assim ampliado permite encontrar as características partilhadas e a competência comunicativa de duas alfabetizadoras em dois eventosde letramento que visam à introdução da criança nas práticas de uso da escrita, na superfície, extremamente diferentes.

  3. Measuring epistemic curiosity in young children

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Piotrowski, J.; Litman, J.A.; Valkenburg, P.

    2014-01-01

    Epistemic curiosity (EC) is the desire to obtain new knowledge capable of either producing positive experiences of intellectual interest (I-type) or of reducing undesirable conditions of informational deprivation (D-type). Although researchers acknowledge that there are individual differences in

  4. Students' Level of Boredom, Boredom Coping Strategies, Epistemic Curiosity, and Graded Performance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eren, Altay; Coskun, Hamit

    2016-01-01

    The authors examined the relationships among students' levels of boredom, boredom coping strategies, epistemic curiosity, and graded performance regarding mathematics lessons, with the intention to explore the mediating roles of boredom coping strategies and epistemic curiosity in the relationship between the level of boredom and graded…

  5. Moving beyond Reflection: Reflexivity and Epistemic Cognition in Teaching and Teacher Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feucht, Florian C.; Lunn Brownlee, Jo; Schraw, Gregory

    2017-01-01

    Building on reflective practices and action taking as cornerstones of teacher education and professional development, we argue that epistemic reflexivity becomes a powerful tool for teachers to facilitate meaningful and sustainable change in their classroom teaching. In this introductory article, we provide an overview of epistemic reflexivity…

  6. Left hemisphere EEG coherence in infancy predicts infant declarative pointing and preschool epistemic language.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kühn-Popp, N; Kristen, S; Paulus, M; Meinhardt, J; Sodian, B

    2016-01-01

    Pointing plays a central role in preverbal communication. While imperative pointing aims at influencing another person's behavior, declarative gestures serve to convey epistemic information and to share interest in an object. Further, the latter are hypothesized to be a precursor ability of epistemic language. So far, little is known about their underlying brain maturation processes. Therefore, the present study investigated the relation between brain maturation processes and the production of imperative and declarative motives as well as epistemic language in N = 32 infants. EEG coherence scores were measured at 14 months, imperative and declarative point production at 15 months and epistemic language at 48 months. Results of correlational analyses suggest distinct behavioral and neural patterns for imperative and declarative pointing, with declarative pointing being associated with the maturation of the left hemisphere. Further, EEG coherence measures of the left hemisphere at 14 months and declarative pointing at 15 months are related to individual differences in epistemic language skills at 48 months, independently of child IQ. In regression analyses, coherence measures of the left hemisphere prove to be the most important predictor of epistemic language skills. Thus, neural processes of the left hemisphere seem particularly relevant to social communication.

  7. Transformaciones comunicativas y tecnológicas de lo público

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Martí­n-Barbeiro

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available Partindo da noção de esfera pública, formulada por Habermas, e das figuras comunicativas que nele são elaboradas - publicidade e opinião pública - o artigo examina as transformações da sociabilidade segundo as novas tecnologias da informação, criadoras de novos espaços comunicacionais.Abstract: Folowing the conception of public sphere space from Habermas and the communicational figures produced in this space - advertisement and public opinion - the article analyze the social relationship transformations after the implementation of informationtechnology which creates new communicational spaces.

  8. Assessing Epistemic Sophistication by Considering Domain-Specific Absolute and Multiplicistic Beliefs Separately

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peter, Johannes; Rosman, Tom; Mayer, Anne-Kathrin; Leichner, Nikolas; Krampen, Günter

    2016-01-01

    Background: Particularly in higher education, not only a view of science as a means of finding absolute truths (absolutism), but also a view of science as generally tentative (multiplicism) can be unsophisticated and obstructive for learning. Most quantitative epistemic belief inventories neglect this and understand epistemic sophistication as…

  9. Relatos digitales: activando las competencias comunicativa, narrativa y digital en la formación inicial del profesorado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Esther del Moral

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Los relatos digitales constituyen una técnica narrativa con gran potencial educativo al adoptar fórmulas creativas que integran información multiformato e instrumentos tecnológicos para comunicar ideas. Esta investigación evalúa el nivel de competencia comunicativa, narrativa y digital ligado al diseño de relatos en entornos digitales, alcanzado por estudiantes del Grado de Maestro de Primaria (N=143 -tras participar en una experiencia de creación colaborativa-, utilizando una rúbrica integrada por 28 indicadores: 12 relacionados con la competencia comunicativa (comunicación escrita y oral, 6 con la narrativa, y otros 10 específicos con la digital. Los resultados evidencian que si bien presentan gran destreza con las tecnologías, casi un tercio registra niveles medio-bajos en la competencia comunicativa. Se detectan dificultades en la elaboración y adaptación del guión escrito de los relatos al registro elegido -pobre vocabulario y precaria puntuación-, junto a limitaciones en la dicción al locutar los diálogos, no logrando imprimir expresividad al relato. Respecto a la competencia narrativa, solo un 40% muestra originalidad al resolver las tramas y construir personajes. Sin duda, este tipo de experiencias innovadoras ofrece un escenario idóneo para desarrollar habilidades narrativas y creativas en contextos digitales, y brinda numerosas oportunidades para la formación de los futuros docentes.

  10. Epistemic Duties and Failure to Understand one's Evidence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Scott Stapleford

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2012v16n1p147   The paper defends the thesis that our epistemic duty is the duty to proportion our beliefs to the evidence we possess. An inclusive view of evidenced possessed is put forward on the grounds that it makes sense of our intuitions about when it is right to say that a person ought to believe some proposition P. A second thesis is that we have no epistemic duty to adopt any particular doxastic attitudes. The apparent tension between the two theses is resolved by applying the concept of duty to belief indirectly.

  11. The regulatory function of self-esteem: testing the epistemic and acceptance signaling systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stinson, Danu Anthony; Logel, Christine; Holmes, John G; Wood, Joanne V; Forest, Amanda L; Gaucher, Danielle; Fitzsimons, Grainné M; Kath, Jennifer

    2010-12-01

    The authors draw on sociometer theory (e.g., Leary, 2004) and self-verification theory (e.g., Swann, 1997) to propose an expanded model of the regulatory function of self-esteem. The model suggests that people not only possess an acceptance signaling system that indicates whether relational value is high or low but also possess an epistemic signaling system that indicates whether social feedback is consistent or inconsistent with chronic perceived relational value (i.e., global self-esteem). One correlational study and 5 experiments, with diverse operationalizations of social feedback, demonstrated that the epistemic signaling system responds to self-esteem consistent or inconsistent relational-value feedback with increases or deceases in epistemic certainty. Moreover, Studies 3-6 demonstrated that the acceptance and epistemic signaling systems respond uniquely to social feedback. Finally, Studies 5 and 6 provide evidence that the epistemic signaling system is part of a broader self-regulatory system: Self-esteem inconsistent feedback caused cognitive efforts to decrease the discrepancy between self-views and feedback and caused depleted self-regulatory capacity on a subsequent self-control task. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

  12. Epistemic duties and failure to understand one’s evidence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Scott Stapleford

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available The paper defends the thesis that our epistemic duty is the duty to proportion our beliefs to the evidence we possess. An inclusive view of evidenced possessed is put forward on the grounds that it makes sense of our intuitions about when it is right to say that a person ought to believe some proposition P. A second thesis is that we have no epistemic duty to adopt any particular doxastic attitudes. The apparent tension between the two theses is resolved by applying the concept of duty to belief indirectly.

  13. Emotions as pragmatic and epistemic actions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilutzky, Wendy

    2015-01-01

    This paper explores the idea that emotions in social contexts and their intentionality may be conceived of as pragmatic or epistemic actions. That is, emotions are often aimed at achieving certain goals within a social context, so that they resemble pragmatic actions; and in other cases emotions can be plausibly construed as acts of probing the social environment so as to extract or uncover important information, thus complying with the functions of epistemic actions (cf. Kirsh and Maglio, 1994). This view of emotions stands at odds with the wide-held conception that emotions' intentionality can be cashed out in terms of representations of value. On such a position, emotions' intentionality has only a mind-to-world direction of fit while any world-to-mind direction of fit is deemed secondary or is even outrightly denied. However, acknowledging that emotions (qua actions) also have a world-to-mind direction fit has several advantages over the typical rendition of emotions as representations of value, such as accounting for emotions' sensitivity to contextual factors, variations in emotion expression and, importantly, assessing the appropriateness of emotional reactions. To substantiate this claim, several cases of emotions in social contexts are discussed, as the social dimension of emotions highlights that emotions are inherently ways of interacting with one's social environment. In sum, the construal of emotions in social contexts as pragmatic or epistemic actions yields a more fine-grained and accurate understanding of emotions' intentionality and their roles in social contexts than the insistence on a purely mind-to-world direction of fit. PMID:26578999

  14. The Epistemic Status of Intelligence

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rønn, Kira Vrist; Høffding, Simon

    2012-01-01

    We argue that the majority of intelligence definitions fail to recognize that the normative epistemic status of intelligence is knowledge and not an inferior alternative. We refute the counter-arguments that intelligence ought not to be seen as knowledge because of 1) its action-oriented scope...... and robustness of claims to intelligence-knowledge can be assessed....

  15. Narrativa audiovisual, ontología y terrorismo: paradojas comunicativas en los videos del Estado Islámico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aarón Rodríguez-Serrano

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza los procesos de significación e impacto global del material audiovisual generado por el autoproclamado Estado Islámico. Se trata, sin duda, de un objeto de estudio contemporáneo y de primer or-den, en cuanto gran parte de la crisis geopolítica en Oriente Próximo, así como los flujos migratorios hacia Europa, penden en este momento de las acciones bélicas de las fuerzas terroristas que emergieron de las llamadas primaveras árabes. Nuestra hipótesis de partida es que la técnica comunica-tiva de Estado Islámico no solo es una evolución salvaje de los propios pro-cesos comunicativos en las sociedades posmodernas, sino que, además, es profundamente paradójico e inconsistente en lo que a sus procesos de sig-nificación se refieren. Para analizar este material, se utilizará una metodolo-gía híbrida compuesta, en primer lugar, por una ontología política, en la que se rastrean las relaciones entre espectáculo, atrocidad, terrorismo y control político, incluyendo referencias a la existencia de la ley obscena como fundamento ideológico generador de mensajes. En segundo lugar, se repasarán someramente algunos de los recursos narrativos audiovisuales que generan significación en dichas piezas.

  16. A logic for suspicious players : epistemic actions and belief-update in games

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    A. Baltag

    2000-01-01

    textabstractIn this paper, we introduce a notion of ``epistemic action'' to describe changes in the information states of the players in a game. For this, we use ideas that we have developed in our previous papers [BMS], [BMS2] and [B], enriching them to cover, not just purely epistemic actions,

  17. Using Epistemic Synchronization Index (ESI) to measure students' knowledge elaboration process in CSCL

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ding, Ning; Wei, Jieqiang; Wolfensberger, Marca

    2014-01-01

    Researchers in CSCL have used a wide range of qualitative and quantitative methods to track students' cognitive involvement during collaboration. However, neither individual method suffices the need to capture the dynamic evolvement of students' epistemic engagement in CSCL. We developed Epistemic

  18. Using epistemic synchronization index (ESI) to measure students’ knowledge elaboration process in CSCL

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ding, Ning; Wei, Jieqiang; Wolfensberger, Marca

    2015-01-01

    Researchers in CSCL have used a wide range of qualitative and quantitative methods to track students' cognitive involvement during collaboration. However, neither individual method suffices the need to capture the dynamic evolvement of students' epistemic engagement in CSCL. We developed Epistemic

  19. Developing instruments concerning scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science: a validation study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Tzung-Jin; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2017-11-01

    The purpose of this study was to develop and validate two survey instruments to evaluate high school students' scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science. The initial relationships between the sampled students' scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science were also investigated. A final valid sample of 600 volunteer Taiwanese high school students participated in this survey by responding to the Scientific Epistemic Beliefs Instrument (SEBI) and the Goal Orientations in Learning Science Instrument (GOLSI). Through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the SEBI and GOLSI were proven to be valid and reliable for assessing the participants' scientific epistemic beliefs and goal orientations in learning science. The path analysis results indicated that, by and large, the students with more sophisticated epistemic beliefs in various dimensions such as Development of Knowledge, Justification for Knowing, and Purpose of Knowing tended to adopt both Mastery-approach and Mastery-avoidance goals. Some interesting results were also found. For example, the students tended to set a learning goal to outperform others or merely demonstrate competence (Performance-approach) if they had more informed epistemic beliefs in the dimensions of Multiplicity of Knowledge, Uncertainty of Knowledge, and Purpose of Knowing.

  20. La competencia comunicativa de Ernesto Guevara de la Serna Ernesto Guevara de la Serna´s communicative competence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zenaida Vicente Portales

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Aunque Ernesto Guevara de la Serna no fue un hombre de letras, su vasta cultura y su afán por trasmitir conocimientos e ideas favorecieron el desarrollo de su competencia comunicativa. Así lo constata este trabajo que, mediante una revisión minuciosa de la bibliografía consultada, corrobora este aserto: tanto en el discurso escrito como en el discurso oral, especialmente, el oratorio, demostró capacidad para emplear los recursos de la lengua, disponer acertadamente las ideas , seleccionar los argumentos, hechos y explicaciones y adaptarlos en función de la situación y el contexto comunicativos.Ernesto Guevara de la Serna was not a man of letters; however, his great culture and interest in conveying knowledge and ideas developed his communicative competence. A detailed bibliographical revision was carried out to support the following affirmation: in writing as well as in oral speech, especially, oratory, he proved his ability to use linguistic resources; arrange ideas accurately; select arguments, facts, and explanations; and adapt them according to the communicative situation and context.

  1. The ATB Framework : quantifying and Classifying Epistemic Strategies in Tangible Problem-Solving Tasks

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Esteves, A.E.; Bakker, S.; Antle, A.N. (Alissa); May, A.; Warren, J.; Oakley, I.

    2015-01-01

    In task performance, pragmatic actions refer to behaviors that make direct progress, while epistemic actions involve altering the world so that cognitive processes are faster, more reliable or less taxing. Epistemic actions are frequently presented as a beneficial consequence of interacting with

  2. Beyond breakthrough research: Epistemic properties of research and their consequences for research funding

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Laudel, Grit; Gläser, Jochen

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this paper is to initiate a discussion about links between epistemic properties and institutional conditions for research by providing an exploratory analysis of such links featured by projects funded by the European Research Council (ERC). Our analysis identifies epistemic properties of

  3. Hypermentalizing, attachment, and epistemic trust in adolescent BPD

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bo, Sune; Sharp, Carla; Fonagy, Peter

    2017-01-01

    and mechanisms contributing to the development of BPD. This could potentially enhance our knowledge and facilitate the design of novel treatment programs and interventions for this group. In this paper, we outline a theoretical model of BPD in adolescents linking the original mentalization-based theory of BPD......, with recent extensions of the theory that focuses on hypermentalizing and epistemic trust. We then provide clinical case vignettes to illustrate this extended theoretical model of BPD. Furthermore, we suggest a treatment approach to BPD in adolescents that focuses on the reduction of hypermentalizing...... and epistemic mistrust. We conclude with an integration of theory and practice in the final section of the paper and make recommendations for future work in this area....

  4. Observación y análisis de la competencia comunicativa en el aula. Un caso en educación artística

    OpenAIRE

    Alsina Tarres, Miquel; Cañabate Ortíz, Dolors; Godoy Tomás, Joan De La Creu

    2013-01-01

    En este artículo se plantea una revisión de las competencias comunicativas en el aula de primaria a la luz de la acción didáctica. Con esta finalidad, y en sintonía con el nuevo currículum, se elabora un estudio de la competencia comunicativa ampliando la conceptualización habitualmente restringida a parámetros relativos a la expresión oral y escrita. Con este fin, se formulan los indicadores para la evaluación de la competencia y se confecciona un instrumento...

  5. Educação moral: adestramento ou reflexão comunicativa? Moral education: training or communicative reflection?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Goergen

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available O texto busca elucidar alguns dos mais relevantes aspectos da educação moral no contexto do mundo plural contemporâneo. Parte-se do suposto de que a educação moral é possível e necessária, mesmo no cenário atual de desestabilização dos valores fixos e universais da tradição. Esta educação moral, portanto, já não pode ser concebida como transmissão de valores e comportamentos morais, mas como a introdução dos educandos no mundo conflitante das concepções morais, objetivando consensos mínimos que sirvam de base para o seu agir moral. Por meio de uma relação pedagógica reflexivo/comunicativa espera-se sensibilizar os alunos para a problemática da moralidade, bem como promover a estruturação de uma subjetividade a partir da qual cada um possa tomar suas decisões morais com responsabilidade.This text seeks to elucidate some of the most relevant aspects of moral education in the context of our contemporaneous, plural world. It assumes that moral education is possible and necessary, even in the current setting where the fixed, universal values of tradition are destabilized. Such moral education, which can no longer be considered as the transmission of moral values and behaviors, consists of the introduction of learners into the conflicting world of moral conceptions, aiming at minimum consensuses that lay the bases for their moral actions. Through a reflexive-communicative pedagogical relationship one hopes to heighten the students awareness of the morality problems, as well as structure a subjectivity that allows anyone to responsibly make their own moral decisions.

  6. Insurance Applications of Active Fault Maps Showing Epistemic Uncertainty

    Science.gov (United States)

    Woo, G.

    2005-12-01

    Insurance loss modeling for earthquakes utilizes available maps of active faulting produced by geoscientists. All such maps are subject to uncertainty, arising from lack of knowledge of fault geometry and rupture history. Field work to undertake geological fault investigations drains human and monetary resources, and this inevitably limits the resolution of fault parameters. Some areas are more accessible than others; some may be of greater social or economic importance than others; some areas may be investigated more rapidly or diligently than others; or funding restrictions may have curtailed the extent of the fault mapping program. In contrast with the aleatory uncertainty associated with the inherent variability in the dynamics of earthquake fault rupture, uncertainty associated with lack of knowledge of fault geometry and rupture history is epistemic. The extent of this epistemic uncertainty may vary substantially from one regional or national fault map to another. However aware the local cartographer may be, this uncertainty is generally not conveyed in detail to the international map user. For example, an area may be left blank for a variety of reasons, ranging from lack of sufficient investigation of a fault to lack of convincing evidence of activity. Epistemic uncertainty in fault parameters is of concern in any probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard, not least in insurance earthquake risk applications. A logic-tree framework is appropriate for incorporating epistemic uncertainty. Some insurance contracts cover specific high-value properties or transport infrastructure, and therefore are extremely sensitive to the geometry of active faulting. Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) to the capital markets may also be considered. In order for such insurance or ART contracts to be properly priced, uncertainty should be taken into account. Accordingly, an estimate is needed for the likelihood of surface rupture capable of causing severe damage. Especially where a

  7. Active inference and epistemic value.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Friston, Karl; Rigoli, Francesco; Ognibene, Dimitri; Mathys, Christoph; Fitzgerald, Thomas; Pezzulo, Giovanni

    2015-01-01

    We offer a formal treatment of choice behavior based on the premise that agents minimize the expected free energy of future outcomes. Crucially, the negative free energy or quality of a policy can be decomposed into extrinsic and epistemic (or intrinsic) value. Minimizing expected free energy is therefore equivalent to maximizing extrinsic value or expected utility (defined in terms of prior preferences or goals), while maximizing information gain or intrinsic value (or reducing uncertainty about the causes of valuable outcomes). The resulting scheme resolves the exploration-exploitation dilemma: Epistemic value is maximized until there is no further information gain, after which exploitation is assured through maximization of extrinsic value. This is formally consistent with the Infomax principle, generalizing formulations of active vision based upon salience (Bayesian surprise) and optimal decisions based on expected utility and risk-sensitive (Kullback-Leibler) control. Furthermore, as with previous active inference formulations of discrete (Markovian) problems, ad hoc softmax parameters become the expected (Bayes-optimal) precision of beliefs about, or confidence in, policies. This article focuses on the basic theory, illustrating the ideas with simulations. A key aspect of these simulations is the similarity between precision updates and dopaminergic discharges observed in conditioning paradigms.

  8. Internet-Specific Epistemic Beliefs and Self-Regulated Learning in Online Academic Information Searching

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiu, Yen-Lin; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2013-01-01

    Epistemic beliefs have been considered as important components of the self-regulatory model; however, their relationships with self-regulated learning processes in the Internet context need further research. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between Internet-specific epistemic belief dimensions and self-regulated…

  9. What Is Hospitality in the Academy? Epistemic Ignorance and the (Im)possible Gift

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuokkanen, Rauna

    2008-01-01

    The academy is considered by many as the major Western institution of knowledge. This article, however, argues that the academy is characterized by prevalent "epistemic ignorance"--a concept informed by Spivak's discussion of "sanctioned ignorance." Epistemic ignorance refers to academic practices and discourses that enable the continued exclusion…

  10. A robust Bayesian approach to modeling epistemic uncertainty in common-cause failure models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Troffaes, Matthias C.M.; Walter, Gero; Kelly, Dana

    2014-01-01

    In a standard Bayesian approach to the alpha-factor model for common-cause failure, a precise Dirichlet prior distribution models epistemic uncertainty in the alpha-factors. This Dirichlet prior is then updated with observed data to obtain a posterior distribution, which forms the basis for further inferences. In this paper, we adapt the imprecise Dirichlet model of Walley to represent epistemic uncertainty in the alpha-factors. In this approach, epistemic uncertainty is expressed more cautiously via lower and upper expectations for each alpha-factor, along with a learning parameter which determines how quickly the model learns from observed data. For this application, we focus on elicitation of the learning parameter, and find that values in the range of 1 to 10 seem reasonable. The approach is compared with Kelly and Atwood's minimally informative Dirichlet prior for the alpha-factor model, which incorporated precise mean values for the alpha-factors, but which was otherwise quite diffuse. Next, we explore the use of a set of Gamma priors to model epistemic uncertainty in the marginal failure rate, expressed via a lower and upper expectation for this rate, again along with a learning parameter. As zero counts are generally less of an issue here, we find that the choice of this learning parameter is less crucial. Finally, we demonstrate how both epistemic uncertainty models can be combined to arrive at lower and upper expectations for all common-cause failure rates. Thereby, we effectively provide a full sensitivity analysis of common-cause failure rates, properly reflecting epistemic uncertainty of the analyst on all levels of the common-cause failure model

  11. El museo como espacio de mediación: el lenguaje de la exposición museal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Núñez

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available La exposición museal es un medio que toma fuerza insospechada en la sociedad actual, debido en gran parte a su naturaleza comunicativa, a la particularidad de su lenguaje, flexibilidad temática y capacidad para llegar a diversos públicos. Estas características permiten a los museos postularse como espacios efectivos de mediación y de transmisión del conocimiento, donde es posible trascender las fronteras disciplinarias con el objetivo común de crear lazos de pertenencia entre los diversos sectores de la sociedad. En este artículo se exploran las características mencionadas y se propone que la exposición museal sea vista como un espacio de mediación y diálogo para el contexto colombiano.

  12. Epistemic interrogatives in events anchored in the temporal anteriority

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vesela Chergova

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The present study attempts to analyse the epistemic modal functionality of temporal posteriority grammemes, referred to the “non-inactual plan”, i. e. the discourse plan measured directly from the moment of enunciation. In our opinion, the invariant category values of a verbal grameme predetermine the development of their complementary and contextual functions. Therefore, the analysis focuses also on the oppositional relations and neutralizations between the categories of verb tense, plan and perspective, on the temporal semantics and the aspectual values which maintain the oppositions between the nominal forms of the verb in accordance with the interpretation of verb categories proposed by Coseriu (1976. In this particular case, the complementary values which outline the scope of our interest fall into the parameters of the possibility and the probability (Veiga, 1991; Kitova-Vasileva, 2000, i.e. conjecture and conclusion in the field of epistemic semantics, yet with an orientation to the temporal anteriority epoch i.e. there is a conjecture regarding actions marked as prior to the moment of enunciation. The syntactic realisation of the epistemic values of conjecture is outlined in the sentence patterns of epistemic interrogatives of the type [Será que + V(P.P.S.] and [Ter(F.S. do Ind.+ V(Part.Pass.]. The study in this way goes beyond the semantic interpretation of the modal, temporal and aspectual values of the morphological instruments of conjecture, and follows the syntactic structure (the modus–dictum relations also in its discourse and pragmatic value.

  13. Desarrollo De Habilidades Comunicativas Y Artísticas: Observando Mi Historia, Construyendo Mi Futuro

    OpenAIRE

    Cares, Felipe; Lara, Víctor; Matus de la Parra, Patricia

    2016-01-01

    En el marco del Programa de Acceso y Acompañamiento a la Educación Superior (PACE), implementado por la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, un equipo de profesionales presenta una propuesta que busca generar cruces interdisciplinarios para desarrollar habilidades comunicativas y habilidades socioemocionales en estudiantes escolares de establecimientos educacionales de alta vulnerabilidad social. Diversos estudios han evidenciado que con el desarrollo de estas habilidades se mejoran los procesos...

  14. Epistemic agency in an environmental sciences watershed investigation fostered by digital photography

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zimmerman, Heather Toomey; Weible, Jennifer L.

    2018-05-01

    This collective case study investigates the role of digital photography to support high school students' engagement in science inquiry practices during a three-week environmental sciences unit. The study's theoretical framework brings together research from digital photography, participation in environmental science practices, and epistemic agency. Data analysed include field notes and video transcripts from two groups of learners (n = 19) that focus on how high school students used digital photography during their participation in two distinct environmental monitoring practices: stream mapping and macroinvertebrate identification. Our study resulted in two findings related to the role of digital photography where students developed knowledge as they engaged in environmental monitoring inquiry practices. First, we found that digital photography was integral to the youths' epistemic agency (defined as their confidence that they could build knowledge related to science in their community) as they engaged in data collection, documenting environmental monitoring procedures, and sharing data in the classroom. Based this finding, an implication of our work is a refined view of the role of digital photography in environmental sciences education where the use of photography enhances epistemic agency in inquiry-based activities. Second, we found that the youths innovated a use of digital photography to foster a recognition that they were capable and competent in scientific procedures during a streamside study. Based on this finding, we offer a theoretical implication that expands the construct of epistemic agency; we posit that epistemic agency includes a subcomponent where the students purposefully formulate an external recognition as producers of scientific knowledge.

  15. Values and Objectivity in Science: Value-Ladenness, Pluralism and the Epistemic Attitude

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carrier, Martin

    2013-10-01

    My intention is to cast light on the characteristics of epistemic or fundamental research (in contrast to application-oriented research). I contrast a Baconian notion of objectivity, expressing a correspondence of the views of scientists to the facts, with a pluralist notion, involving a critical debate between conflicting approaches. These conflicts include substantive hypotheses or theories but extend to values as well. I claim that a plurality of epistemic values serves to accomplish a non-Baconian form of objectivity that is apt to preserve most of the intuitions tied to the objectivity of science. For instance, pluralism is the only way to cope with the challenge of preference bias. Furthermore, the plurality of epistemic values cannot be substantially reduced by exploring the empirical success of scientific theories distinguished in light of particular such values. However, in addition to pluralism at the level of theories and value-commitments alike, scientific research is also characterized by a joint striving for consensus which I trace back to a shared epistemic attitude. This attitude manifests itself, e.g., in the willingness of scientists to subject their claims to empirical scrutiny and to respect rational argument. This shared epistemic attitude is embodied in rules adopted by the scientific community concerning general principles of dealing with knowledge claims. My contention is that pluralism and consensus formation can be brought into harmony by placing them at different levels of consideration: at the level of scientific reasoning and at the level of social conventions regarding how to deal with claims put forward within the scientific community.

  16. Epistemic values in the Burgess Shale debate

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Baron, Christian

    2009-01-01

    Focusing primarily on papers and books discussing the evolutionary and systematic interpretation of the Cambrian animal fossils from the Burgess Shale fauna, this paper explores the role of epistemic values in the context of a discipline (paleontology) striving to establish scientific authority w...

  17. El círculo de conversación como estrategia didáctica: Una experiencia para reflexionar y aplicar en educación superior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Arias-Monge

    2012-08-01

    La experiencia que presento a continuación tiene como propósito la reflexión, fundamentación, planificación y aplicación del círculo de conversación como estrategia didáctica, en la asignatura “PF-4237 Teoría de la Educación: Multiculturalidad y Educación”, del Programa de Doctorado Latinoamericano en Educación, de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Experiencia de formación que tiene como fundamento la teoría de la acción comunicativa, orientada a integrar el acompañamiento docente, la confrontación a la alteridad y la construcción de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes sociales en educación superior.

  18. Epistemic stance marking in the use of English as a lingua franca

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mortensen, Janus

    A comparative study of the pragmatic functions of epistemic stance marking in problem-solving sequences at student project group meetings, with special emphasis on meetings where English is used as a lingua franca......A comparative study of the pragmatic functions of epistemic stance marking in problem-solving sequences at student project group meetings, with special emphasis on meetings where English is used as a lingua franca...

  19. Advanced Approach to Consider Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties for Integral Accident Simulations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peschke, Joerg; Kloos, Martina

    2013-01-01

    The use of best-estimate codes together with realistic input data generally requires that all potentially important epistemic uncertainties which may affect the code prediction are considered in order to get an adequate quantification of the epistemic uncertainty of the prediction as an expression of the existing imprecise knowledge. To facilitate the performance of the required epistemic uncertainty analyses, methods and corresponding software tools are available like, for instance, the GRS-tool SUSA (Software for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis). However, for risk-informed decision-making, the restriction on epistemic uncertainties alone is not enough. Transients and accident scenarios are also affected by aleatory uncertainties which are due to the unpredictable nature of phenomena. It is essential that aleatory uncertainties are taken into account as well, not only in a simplified and supposedly conservative way but as realistic as possible. The additional consideration of aleatory uncertainties, for instance, on the behavior of the technical system, the performance of plant operators, or on the behavior of the physical process provides a quantification of probabilistically significant accident sequences. Only if a safety analysis is able to account for both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in a realistic manner, it can provide a well-founded risk-informed answer for decision-making. At GRS, an advanced probabilistic dynamics method was developed to address this problem and to provide a more realistic modeling and assessment of transients and accident scenarios. This method allows for an integral simulation of complex dynamic processes particularly taking into account interactions between the plant dynamics as simulated by a best-estimate code, the dynamics of operator actions and the influence of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. In this paper, the GRS method MCDET (Monte Carlo Dynamic Event Tree) for probabilistic dynamics analysis is explained

  20. The epistemic integrity of scientific research.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Winter, Jan; Kosolosky, Laszlo

    2013-09-01

    We live in a world in which scientific expertise and its epistemic authority become more important. On the other hand, the financial interests in research, which could potentially corrupt science, are increasing. Due to these two tendencies, a concern for the integrity of scientific research becomes increasingly vital. This concern is, however, hollow if we do not have a clear account of research integrity. Therefore, it is important that we explicate this concept. Following Rudolf Carnap's characterization of the task of explication, this means that we should develop a concept that is (1) similar to our common sense notion of research integrity, (2) exact, (3) fruitful, and (4) as simple as possible. Since existing concepts do not meet these four requirements, we develop a new concept in this article. We describe a concept of epistemic integrity that is based on the property of deceptiveness, and argue that this concept does meet Carnap's four requirements of explication. To illustrate and support our claims we use several examples from scientific practice, mainly from biomedical research.

  1. Socio-Cultural Factors of Teachers' Conceptions of Knowledge: Epistemic Beliefs of Arab Teachers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohamed, Mohamed Taha

    2014-01-01

    This research investigates aspects of epistemic beliefs of pre-service and in-service teachers in the United Arab Emirates, and how these beliefs might be related to factors such as teachers' gender, location (where they live), and the subject they teach (humanities vs. science). A standardized Arabic version of the Epistemic Belief Inventory was…

  2. Using Epistemic Network Analysis to understand core topics as planned learning objectives

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Allsopp, Benjamin Brink; Dreyøe, Jonas; Misfeldt, Morten

    Epistemic Network Analysis is a tool developed by the epistemic games group at the University of Wisconsin Madison for tracking the relations between concepts in students discourse (Shaffer 2017). In our current work we are applying this tool to learning objectives in teachers digital preparation....... The danish mathematics curriculum is organised in six competencies and three topics. In the recently implemented learning platforms teacher choose which of the mathematical competencies that serves as objective for a specific lesson or teaching sequence. Hence learning objectives for lessons and teaching...... sequences are defining a network of competencies, where two competencies are closely related of they often are part of the same learning objective or teaching sequence. We are currently using Epistemic Network Analysis to study these networks. In the poster we will include examples of different networks...

  3. Piaget's epistemic subject and science education: Epistemological vs. psychological issues

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kitchener, Richard F.

    1993-06-01

    Many individuals claim that Piaget's theory of cognitive development is empirically false or substantially disconfirmed by empirical research. Although there is substance to such a claim, any such conclusion must address three increasingly problematic issues about the possibility of providing an empirical test of Piaget's genetic epistemology: (1) the empirical underdetermination of theory by empirical evidence, (2) the empirical difficulty of testing competence-type explanations, and (3) the difficulty of empirically testing epistemic norms. This is especially true of a central epistemic construct in Piaget's theory — the epistemic subject. To illustrate how similar problems of empirical testability arise in the physical sciences, I briefly examine the case of Galileo and the correlative difficulty of empirically testing Galileo's laws. I then point out some important epistemological similarities between Galileo and Piaget together with correlative changes needed in science studies methodology. I conclude that many psychologists and science educators have failed to appreciate the difficulty of falsifying Piaget's theory because they have tacitly adopted a philosophy of science at odds with the paradigm-case of Galileo.

  4. The "Lifeblood" of Science and Its Politics: Interrogating Epistemic Curiosity as an Educational Aim

    Science.gov (United States)

    Papastephanou, Marianna

    2016-01-01

    Social- and virtue-epistemologies connect intellectual and moral concerns in ways significant for education and its theory. For most educationists, epistemic and ethical virtues are no longer dissociated. However, many political framings or operations of epistemic virtues and vices remain neglected in educational discourses. This article…

  5. Measuring reliability under epistemic uncertainty: Review on non-probabilistic reliability metrics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kang Rui

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, a systematic review of non-probabilistic reliability metrics is conducted to assist the selection of appropriate reliability metrics to model the influence of epistemic uncertainty. Five frequently used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are critically reviewed, i.e., evidence-theory-based reliability metrics, interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, fuzzy-interval-analysis-based reliability metrics, possibility-theory-based reliability metrics (posbist reliability and uncertainty-theory-based reliability metrics (belief reliability. It is pointed out that a qualified reliability metric that is able to consider the effect of epistemic uncertainty needs to (1 compensate the conservatism in the estimations of the component-level reliability metrics caused by epistemic uncertainty, and (2 satisfy the duality axiom, otherwise it might lead to paradoxical and confusing results in engineering applications. The five commonly used non-probabilistic reliability metrics are compared in terms of these two properties, and the comparison can serve as a basis for the selection of the appropriate reliability metrics.

  6. Epistemic Protocols for Distributed Gossiping

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Krzysztof R. Apt

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Gossip protocols aim at arriving, by means of point-to-point or group communications, at a situation in which all the agents know each other's secrets. We consider distributed gossip protocols which are expressed by means of epistemic logic. We provide an operational semantics of such protocols and set up an appropriate framework to argue about their correctness. Then we analyze specific protocols for complete graphs and for directed rings.

  7. Epistemic beliefs of middle and high school students in a problem-based, scientific inquiry unit: An exploratory, mixed methods study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gu, Jiangyue

    Epistemic beliefs are individuals' beliefs about the nature of knowledge, how knowledge is constructed, and how knowledge can be justified. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine: (a) middle and high school students' self-reported epistemic beliefs (quantitative) and epistemic beliefs revealed from practice (qualitative) during a problem-based, scientific inquiry unit, (b) How do middle and high school students' epistemic beliefs contribute to the construction of students' problem solving processes, and (c) how and why do students' epistemic beliefs change by engaging in PBL. Twenty-one middle and high school students participated in a summer science class to investigate local water quality in a 2-week long problem-based learning (PBL) unit. The students worked in small groups to conduct water quality tests at in their local watershed and visited several stakeholders for their investigation. Pretest and posttest versions of the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire were conducted to assess students' self-reported epistemic beliefs before and after the unit. I videotaped and interviewed three groups of students during the unit and conducted discourse analysis to examine their epistemic beliefs revealed from scientific inquiry activities and triangulate with their self-reported data. There are three main findings from this study. First, students in this study self-reported relatively sophisticated epistemic beliefs on the pretest. However, the comparison between their self-reported beliefs and beliefs revealed from practice indicated that some students were able to apply sophisticated beliefs during the unit while others failed to do so. The inconsistency between these two types of epistemic beliefs may due to students' inadequate cognitive ability, low validity of self-report measure, and the influence of contextual factors. Second, qualitative analysis indicated that students' epistemic beliefs of the nature of knowing influenced their problem

  8. Mediating epistemic access through everyday language resources ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    In most rural and township English additional language classrooms, everyday language discursive practices of bi/multilingual students are underutilised. This study reports on how grade 4 emergent isiZulu-English bilingual children used their everyday language resources as a tool for epistemic access. Drawing on ...

  9. An Anthropology of Learning in Epistemic Cultures

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hasse, Cathrine

    2015-01-01

    I connect Karin Knorr-Cetina's concept of ‘epistemic cultures’ with an anthropological conceptualization of practice-based learning. The theory of practice-based learning I explore departs from the cultural psychologist Lev Vygotsky’s notion of word-meaning which can be seen as a basic unit...

  10. Fuzzy probability based fault tree analysis to propagate and quantify epistemic uncertainty

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Purba, Julwan Hendry; Sony Tjahyani, D.T.; Ekariansyah, Andi Sofrany; Tjahjono, Hendro

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Fuzzy probability based fault tree analysis is to evaluate epistemic uncertainty in fuzzy fault tree analysis. • Fuzzy probabilities represent likelihood occurrences of all events in a fault tree. • A fuzzy multiplication rule quantifies epistemic uncertainty of minimal cut sets. • A fuzzy complement rule estimate epistemic uncertainty of the top event. • The proposed FPFTA has successfully evaluated the U.S. Combustion Engineering RPS. - Abstract: A number of fuzzy fault tree analysis approaches, which integrate fuzzy concepts into the quantitative phase of conventional fault tree analysis, have been proposed to study reliabilities of engineering systems. Those new approaches apply expert judgments to overcome the limitation of the conventional fault tree analysis when basic events do not have probability distributions. Since expert judgments might come with epistemic uncertainty, it is important to quantify the overall uncertainties of the fuzzy fault tree analysis. Monte Carlo simulation is commonly used to quantify the overall uncertainties of conventional fault tree analysis. However, since Monte Carlo simulation is based on probability distribution, this technique is not appropriate for fuzzy fault tree analysis, which is based on fuzzy probabilities. The objective of this study is to develop a fuzzy probability based fault tree analysis to overcome the limitation of fuzzy fault tree analysis. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, a case study is performed and its results are then compared to the results analyzed by a conventional fault tree analysis. The results confirm that the proposed fuzzy probability based fault tree analysis is feasible to propagate and quantify epistemic uncertainties in fault tree analysis

  11. A liderança como intersubjetividade lingüística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Uribe Rivera

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo traz uma síntese de várias concepções de liderança e seu objetivo é destacar a importância crescente da visão do líder como instância da aprendizagem organizacional, de base coletiva, e coordenador de processos de comunicação lingüística cujo telos é o consenso sobre a imagem, a estrutura e a dinâmica de funcionamento das organizações. Sustentamos que, além de capacidades de análise estratégica, o líder deve desenvolver competências comunicativas e apoiar a mudança para gerir com mais eficácia as relações intersubjetivas dos atores organizacionais, tornando a organização competente.

  12. Las competencias comunicativas orales en la relación médico-paciente en un programa de medicina de una universidad de Colombia: una mirada desde el currículo, los profesores y los estudiantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hilda Leonor González Olaya

    2015-10-01

    Resultados y conclusiones: Se revisaron 22 documentos, se encuestaron 49 profesores y 67 internos y se realizaron 2 grupos focales con profesores y dos con estudiantes. En la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga existe una clara intención de que las competencias comunicativas en la relación médico-paciente formen parte del currículo, como se evidencia en los documentos revisados, pero hace falta un planteamiento curricular más organizado, secuencial y armónico que permita que el logro de estas competencias sea un componente transversal. Tanto profesores como estudiantes reconocen la importancia de este tipo de competencias, pero su aprendizaje se ha dejado principalmente al ejemplo y a la experiencia propia. Se enfatiza en la importancia de los valores adquiridos a lo largo de la vida, como punto de partida para lograr una adecuada comunicación médico-paciente. Otro aspecto por mejorar es la evaluación, ya que no se encontraron instrumentos estandarizados de evaluación y cuando se hace predomina la apreciación subjetiva del docente.

  13. Michel Foucault's Theory of Rhetoric as Epistemic.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foss, Sandra K.; Gill, Ann

    1987-01-01

    Formulates a middle-level theory that explains the process by which rhetroic is epistemic, using Foucault's notion of the discursive formation as a starting point. Discusses five theoretical units derived from Foucault--discursive practices, rules, roles, power, and knowledge--and relationships among them. Analyzes Disneyland, using Foucault's…

  14. Conditional Epistemic Planning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Mikkel Birkegaard; Bolander, Thomas; Jensen, Martin Holm

    2012-01-01

    Recent work has shown that Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) offers a solid foundation for automated planning under partial observability and non-determinism. Under such circumstances, a plan must branch if it is to guarantee achieving the goal under all contingencies (strong planning). Without...... branching, plans can offer only the possibility of achieving the goal (weak planning). We show how to formulate planning in uncertain domains using DEL and give a language of conditional plans. Translating this language to standard DEL gives verification of both strong and weak plans via model checking....... In addition to plan verification, we provide a tableau-inspired algorithm for synthesising plans, and show this algorithm to be terminating, sound and complete....

  15. Epistemic Trust and Education: Effects of Informant Reliability on Student Learning of Decimal Concepts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Durkin, Kelley; Shafto, Patrick

    2016-01-01

    The epistemic trust literature emphasizes that children's evaluations of informants' trustworthiness affects learning, but there is no evidence that epistemic trust affects learning in academic domains. The current study investigated how reliability affects decimal learning. Fourth and fifth graders (N = 122; M[subscript age] = 10.1 years)…

  16. Mapping epistemic cultures and learning potential of participants in citizen science projects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vallabh, Priya; Lotz-Sisitka, Heila; O'Donoghue, Rob; Schudel, Ingrid

    2016-06-01

    The ever-widening scope and range of global change and interconnected systemic risks arising from people-environment relationships (social-ecological risks) appears to be increasing concern among, and involvement of, citizens in an increasingly diversified number of citizen science projects responding to these risks. We examined the relationship between epistemic cultures in citizen science projects and learning potential related to matters of concern. We then developed a typology of purposes and a citizen science epistemic-cultures heuristic and mapped 56 projects in southern Africa using this framework. The purpose typology represents the range of knowledge-production purposes, ranging from laboratory science to social learning, whereas the epistemic-cultures typology is a relational representation of scientist and citizen participation and their approach to knowledge production. Results showed an iterative relationship between matters of fact and matters of concern across the projects; the nexus of citizens' engagement in knowledge-production activities varied. The knowledge-production purposes informed and shaped the epistemic cultures of all the sampled citizen science projects, which in turn influenced the potential for learning within each project. Through a historical review of 3 phases in a long-term river health-monitoring project, we found that it is possible to evolve the learning curve of citizen science projects. This evolution involved the development of scientific water monitoring tools, the parallel development of pedagogic practices supporting monitoring activities, and situated engagement around matters of concern within social activism leading to learning-led change. We conclude that such evolutionary processes serve to increase potential for learning and are necessary if citizen science is to contribute to wider restructuring of the epistemic culture of science under conditions of expanding social-ecological risk. © 2016 Society for

  17. Explaining games the epistemic programme in game theory

    CERN Document Server

    de Bruin, Boudewijn

    2010-01-01

    The first monograph on the philosophy of game theory, this is a bold attempt to combine insights from epistemic logic and the philosophy of science to assess the applicability of game theory in such fields as economics, philosophy and strategic consultancy.

  18. A comunicação alternativa como procedimento de desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas Augmentative and alternative communication as a procedure for developing communication skills

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cândice Lima Moreschi

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo teve como objetivo planejar, aplicar e avaliar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção sobre Comunicação Alternativa para o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas de uma adolescente com deficiência intelectual. Participaram da pesquisa uma menina de 14 anos, com diagnóstico de deficiência intelectual e déficits na comunicação verbal, a mãe e a educadora da adolescente. Para verificar os efeitos da intervenção, foi utilizado o delineamento de sujeito único, do modelo AB. Nos resultados da avaliação pragmática, por meio do teste ABFW, ao comparamos o desempenho da participante antes e após a intervenção, verificou-se um aumento dos atos comunicativos e melhora significativa do conteúdo dialógico. Na Avaliação de Linguagem Receptiva e Expressiva, a participante obteve êxito em todos os itens da seção não verbal (pré e pós teste. Na seção verbal, após o processo de intervenção, a participante adquiriu a habilidade de imitar sons e iniciar diálogos. Na análise dos questionários aplicados aos pais e professora da adolescente, foi possível perceber alguns pontos de divergência quanto a habilidade em comunicar desejos e sentimentos e na execução de ordens dadas. Com o início do processo de intervenção, e com a introdução do Sistema de Comunicação Alternativa - PECS verificou-se que a participante passou a utilizar as figuras pictográficas como recurso comunicativo durante situações da vida diária. Embora a participante apresentasse comunicação verbal antes do início do processo de intervenção, essa comunicação não era eficiente durante as interações. Assim, a participante utilizou o Sistema de Comunicação como alternativa para aprimorar suas habilidades linguísticas, além de complementar sua comunicação oral.The study was designed to plan, implement and evaluate the effects of an Alternative Communication intervention program for developing the communication skills of a

  19. Teaching Public Library Administration through Epistemic Gaming

    Science.gov (United States)

    Becnel, Kim; O'Shea, Patrick

    2013-01-01

    This paper describes the design of an innovative educational experience that took place during the summer of 2011 with a cohort of library science students at Appalachian State University. This group of students, working online in their own virtual public libraries, engaged in an extended epistemic game that required the participants to undertake…

  20. The Genealogy of Epistemic Virtue Concepts | Thomas ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This paper examines the treatment of thick ethical concepts in Williams's work in order to evaluate the consistency of his treatment of ethical and epistemic concepts and to assess whether the idea of a thick concept can be extended from ethics to epistemology. A virtue epistemology is described modeled on a cognitivist ...

  1. Causal and Epistemic Relevance in Appeals to Authority

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastiano Lommi

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Appeals to authority have a long tradition in the history of argumentation theory. During the Middle Age they were considered legitimate and sound arguments, but after Locke’s treatment in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding their legitimacy has come under question. Traditionally, arguments from authority were considered informal arguments, but since the important work of Charles Hamblin (Hamblin, 1970 many attempts to provide a form for them have been done. The most convincing of them is the presumptive form developed by Douglas Walton and John Woods (Woods, Walton, 1974 that aims at taking into account the relevant contextual aspects in assessing the provisional validity of an appeal to authority. The soundness of an appeal depends on its meeting the adequacy conditions set to scrutinize all the relevant questions. I want to claim that this approach is compatible with the analysis of arguments in terms of relevance advanced by David Hitchcock (Hitchcock, 1992. He claims that relevance is a triadic relation between two items and a context. The first item is relevant to the second one in a given context. Different types of relevance relation exist, namely causal relevance and epistemic relevance. “Something is [causally] relevant to an outcome in a given situation if it helps to cause that outcome in the situation” (Hitchcock, 1992, p. 253, whereas it is epistemically relevant when it helps to achieve an epistemic goal in a given situation. I claim that we can adapt this conception to Walton and Krabbe’s theory of dialogue type (Walton, Krabbe, 1995, seeing the items of a relevance relation as the argument and its consequence and the context as the type of dialogue in which these arguments are advanced. According to this perspective, an argument from authority that meets the adequacy conditions has to be considered legitimate because it is an epistemically relevant relation. Therefore, my conclusion is that an analysis of appeals to

  2. Epistemic beliefs' role in promoting misperceptions and conspiracist ideation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R Kelly Garrett

    Full Text Available Widespread misperceptions undermine citizens' decision-making ability. Conclusions based on falsehoods and conspiracy theories are by definition flawed. This article demonstrates that individuals' epistemic beliefs-beliefs about the nature of knowledge and how one comes to know-have important implications for perception accuracy. The present study uses a series of large, nationally representative surveys of the U.S. population to produce valid and reliable measures of three aspects of epistemic beliefs: reliance on intuition for factual beliefs (Faith in Intuition for facts, importance of consistency between empirical evidence and beliefs (Need for evidence, and conviction that "facts" are politically constructed (Truth is political. Analyses confirm that these factors complement established predictors of misperception, substantively increasing our ability to explain both individuals' propensity to engage in conspiracist ideation, and their willingness to embrace falsehoods about high-profile scientific and political issues. Individuals who view reality as a political construct are significantly more likely to embrace falsehoods, whereas those who believe that their conclusions must hew to available evidence tend to hold more accurate beliefs. Confidence in the ability to intuitively recognize truth is a uniquely important predictor of conspiracist ideation. Results suggest that efforts to counter misperceptions may be helped by promoting epistemic beliefs emphasizing the importance of evidence, cautious use of feelings, and trust that rigorous assessment by knowledgeable specialists is an effective guard against political manipulation.

  3. Epistemic Cognition when Students Read Multiple Documents Containing Conflicting Scientific Evidence: A Think-Aloud Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferguson, Leila E.; Braten, Ivar; Stromso, Helge I.

    2012-01-01

    This study used think-aloud methodology to investigate 51 Norwegian undergraduates' topic-specific epistemic cognition while working with six documents presenting conflicting views on the issue of cell phones and potential health risks. Results showed that students' epistemic cognition was represented by one dimension concerning the certainty and…

  4. The epistemic-teleologic model of deliberate self-persuasion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maio, Gregory R; Thomas, Geoff

    2007-02-01

    Although past theory and research point to the importance of understanding deliberate self-persuasion (i.e., deliberate self-induced attitude change), there have been no empirical and theoretical efforts to model this process. This article proposes a new model to help understand the process, while comparing the process of deliberate self-persuasion with relevant theory and research. The core feature of this model is a distinction between epistemic processes, which involve attempting to form new valid attitudes, and teleologic processes, which involve self-induced attitude change but with minimal concerns for validity. The epistemic processes employ tactics of reinterpretation, reattribution, reintegration, retesting, changing comparators, and changing dimensions of comparison. The teleologic processes include suppression, preemption, distraction, and concentration. By mapping these processes, this model helps to generate many novel and testable hypotheses about the use of deliberate self-persuasion to cope with ambivalent attitudes.

  5. Ejercicios que potencian la competencia comunicativa oral de los estudiantes de inglés

    OpenAIRE

    Luis Antonio Salas-Reynaldo; Bertha María González-Feria; Laritza Calzadilla-Sierra

    2011-01-01

    Se presenta un conjunto de ejercicios novedosos que inciden en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la comunicación oral del inglés. Estos rompen con los criterios establecidos hasta el momento al introducir elementos del enfoque personológico, basados en las necesidades e intereses de los estudiantes sobre temas del contexto social actual, lo que incrementa el nivel de competencia comunicativa oral al ofrecer situaciones polémicas que propician el intercambio de criterios para solucionar l...

  6. Planning using dynamic epistemic logic: Correspondence and complexity

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Martin Holm

    2013-01-01

    A growing community investigates planning using dynamic epistemic logic. Another framework based on similar ideas is knowledge-based programs as plans. Here we show how actions correspond in the two frameworks. We finally discuss fragments of DEL planning obtained by the restriction of event models...

  7. The Epistemic Inferiority of Pragma-Dialectics – Reply to Botting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christoph Lumer

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available In a recent paper in this journal, David Botting defended pragma-dialectics against epistemological criticisms by exponents of the epistemological approach to argumentation, i.e. Harvey Siegel, John Biro and me. In particular, Botting tries to justify with new arguments a Functional Claim, that the function of argumentation is to resolve disputes, and a Normative Claim, that standpoints that have the unqualified consensus of all participants in a dispute will generally be epistemically sound. In this reply it is shown that Botting’s arguments are fallacious, that the two Claims are false and that the epistemological approach to argumentation, of course, outclasses pragma-dialectics epistemically and is at least as good as it in other respects.

  8. Estratégias comunicativas para a (desconstrução da imagem pública: a política de imagem no contexto de campanhas eleitorais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Célia Lúcia Silva

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o papel desempenhado pelo marketing político-eleitoral na construção da visibilidade e da imagem pública de um ator político no âmbito da disputa eleitoral. Argumentamos que a construção da imagem de homens públicos requer a organização de estratégias comunicativas capazes não só de administrar, gerenciar e controlar mensagens, mas, sobretudo, de estabelecer relações entre os políticos e os diferentes públicos responsáveis pela formação da opinião pública. Interessa-nos mostrar como, no âmbito da política de imagem, o planejamento das estratégias de uma campanha politico-eleitoral depende tanto do trabalho coordenado entre os profissionais do marketing, quanto da habilidade dos politicos em contornar discordâncias partidárias. De modo a revelar como imagens políticas difundidas pelo jornalismo impresso podem amplificar tais discordâncias, conferindo descrédito e desconfiança à imagem pública de um candidato, investigamos a crise que marcou a campanha de Geraldo Alckmin para a prefeitura de São Paulo, em 2008.

  9. Impacts of a digital dialogue game and epistemic beliefs on argumentative discourse and willingness to argue

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Noroozi, O.; McAlister, S.; Mulder, M.

    2016-01-01

    The goal of this study was to explore how students debate with their peers within a designed context using a digital dialogue game, and whether their epistemic beliefs are significant to the outcomes. Epistemic beliefs are known to colour student interactions within argumentative discourse, leading

  10. LOS ALUMNOS ERASMUS EN LA TORRE DE BABEL: EL APRENDIZAJE DE LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS BASADO EN LAS COMPETENCIAS COMUNICATIVAS Y EN EL USO DE LAS TIC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Aguaded Gómez

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Más de un millón de estudiantes en Europa han tenido la posibilidad de intercambiar vida universitaria en otros centros europeos de educación superior, abriendo inmensas perspectivas de conocimiento, relaciones culturales y comunicativas. Con la movilidad de alumnos y profesores, Europa afianza, en la práctica, su identidad en un universo global. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un análisis de las competencias comunicativas y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación de estudiantes de intercambio alemanes. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de dos cuestionarios que realizaron 20 estudiantes del Romanisches Seminar de la Universität Bonn, cuya lengua nativa es el alemán y su segunda lengua extranjera el español. En términos generales, los resultados confirman que la estancia de seis meses en un país de habla hispana incrementa, en primer lugar, las competencias comunicativas en la lengua española y, además, el uso de las TIC en lenguas extranjeras.

  11. Cooperative Epistemic Multi-Agent Planning With Implicit Coordination

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Engesser, Thorsten; Bolander, Thomas; Mattmüller, Robert

    2015-01-01

    , meaning coordination is only allowed implicitly by means of the available epistemic actions. While this approach can be fruitfully applied to model reasoning in some simple social situations, we also provide some benchmark applications to show that the concept is useful for multi-agent systems in practice....

  12. EL DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS COMUNICATIVAS DEL ESTUDIANTE DE COMUNICACIÓN ORGANIZACIONAL Y RELACIONES PÚBLICAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Intriago Macías

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Todo ciudadano debe poseer competencias mínimas para desarrollarse en la sociedad, entre ellas están las comunicativas, que son muy importantes para aquellos que ejercen los servicios en contacto directo con la población: los que educan y los que informan. Muchas relaciones se modifican por las cambiantes condiciones del mundo tecnológico que crean nuevas competencias y habilidades para cada profesional. El objetivo del trabajo es explicar el proceso formativo en la especialidad Comunicación Organizacional y Relaciones Públicas para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa profesional en la formación del comunicador social. Para alcanzar los resultados se han utilizado diferentes métodos para saber la particularidad del problema. Para el desarrollo de la investigación han sido métodos fundamentales los siguientes: análisis y síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y el método sistémico funcional. Además de los métodos empíricos que contribuyen a obtener datos relevantes para el desarrollo del presente estudio.PALABRAS CLAVES: comunicación social; competencias comunicativas; competencias profesionales; proceso formativo.DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF STUDENT FROM ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS CARREERSABSTRACTEvery citizen should possess minimum competences to be developed in society; among them the communicative ones are very important for those that provide some services in direct contact with the population: those that educate and those that inform. Today, many relations are modified for the changing conditions of the technological world that creates new competences and abilities for each professional. This paper’s objective is to explain the formative process in the specialty Organizational Communication and Public Relationships to develop the professional communicative competence in the formation of the social communicator. To reach the results different methods have been used to know the problem

  13. De la convergencia tecnológica a la convergencia comunicativa en la educación y el progreso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco García García

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, como todas las anteriores tecnologías ligadas a la comunicación, prometen no sólo una incidencia importante en el progreso social, sino también una influencia notable en la forma de pensar y en las actitudes humanas. La convergencia tecnológica aumenta las capacidades humanas aún más que cada tecnología independiente considerada. Una de las más importantes convergencias se da entre Televisión e Internet: la fuerza y expresividad de la imagen con sus conceptos de icono, índice y símbolo se une a la capacidad de transmisión de información a través de poderosas bases de datos y a la capacidad de poner en contacto a los seres humanos de cualquier lugar  y a cualquier hora en tiempo real. Además de la convergencia tecnológica, existen otros modos y modelos de convergencia, como la expresiva y la comunicativa que son a la vez impulso para el progreso y medio poderoso para la educación, el comercio, la economía, el teletrabajo, la medicina, el turismo... y la vida cotidiana. La educación es un instrumento esencial para el uso adecuado de las nuevas tecnologías, y ésta a la vez se nutre de las estrategias que le brinda la convergencia de medios para ejercer su actividad de enseñanzaaprendizaje.

  14. The Effects of Epistemic Beliefs in Science and Gender Difference on University Students' Science-Text Reading: An Eye-Tracking Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Fang-Ying; Huang, Rui-Ting; Tsai, I-Ju

    2016-01-01

    The primary purpose of this study was to explore not only the effects of epistemic beliefs in science on science-text reading but also the gender differences in epistemic beliefs and the reading process. The interactions between gender and epistemic beliefs during reading were also explored. A total of 25 university students, 13 male and 12…

  15. ’Interdisciplinarity’ and Epistemic Authority in Academic Discourse

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, Dorte

    as they appear in the literature and try to operationalize categories of thought more broadly including ’boundary work’ (Gieryn, 1983; Klein, 2008, 2014; Lamont and Molnár, 2002), ’interpenetration’ (Fuller & Collier, 2004), ’negotiation of epistemic standards’ (Madsen, 2015) and ’trading zones’ (Galison,1997...

  16. Epistemic communities and cluster dynamics

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Håkanson, Lars

    2003-01-01

    This paper questions the prevailing notions that firms within industrial clusters have privi-leged access to `tacit knowledge' that is unavailable - or available only at high cost - to firms located elsewhere, and that such access provides competitive advantages that help to explain the growth...... and development of both firms and regions. It outlines a model of cluster dynam-ics emphasizing two mutually interdependent processes: the concentration of specialized and complementary epistemic communities, on the one hand, and entrepreneurship and a high rate of new firm formation on the other....

  17. A integralidade do cuidado e ação comunicativa na prática interprofissional da terapia intensiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sueli Moreira Pirolo

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available A atuação interprofissional em saúde tem se constituído de um elemento importante para a produção das ações de saúde na perspectiva de cuidado integral. Este estudo analisou a atuação interprofissional na terapia intensiva segundo Habermas. Insere-se na abordagem qualitativa, elegendo o estudo de caso como modalidade de investigação. A captação do material empírico consistiu-se de observação do cenário e entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos trabalhadores de saúde. Para análise das informações utilizou-se a técnica de interpretação de sentidos. A análise nos permitiu identificar dois eixos temáticos: o cuidado individual instrumental frente às instabilidades clínicas e o cuidado coletivo fragmentado por funções. Tal resultado fragiliza a interação entre trabalhador/trabalhador e trabalhador/paciente e compromete a articulação das ações de saúde. Por não favorecer espaços de encontros à ação comunicativa, esta fica frágil e a ação estratégica/instrumental se evidencia.

  18. Reliability in Plantinga´s Account of Epistemic Warrant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John C. Wingard, Jr.

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available In das paper 1 consider the reliability condition in Alvin Platinga’s proper functionalist account of epistemic warrant I begin by reviewing m some detail the features of the reliability condition as Platinga has articulated a From there, 1 consider what is needed to ground or secure the sort of reliability which Plantinga has m mind, and argue that what is needed is a significant causal condition which has generally been overlooked Then, after identifying eight versions of the relevant sort of reliability, I exam me each alternative as to whether as requirement, along with Platinga’s other proposed conditions, would give us a satisfactory account of epistemic warrant I conclude that there is bale to no hope of formulating a reliability condition that would yield a satisfactory analysts of the sort Plantinga desires

  19. La música como herramienta facilitadora del aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen María TOSCANO FUENTES

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Numerosas investigaciones aseguran que la inclusión de canciones y/o de elementos sonoro-musicales en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras (LE aporta beneficios en el proceso de aprendizaje a niveles lingüísticos, afectivos y sociolingüísticos. El objetivo central de este estudio fue el de mostrar los resultados de un programa sonoro-musical puesto en práctica en la enseñanza de inglés como le con escolares españoles de sexto de primaria. Primeramente, se estudió cuantitativamente si el alumnado con habilidades auditivas avanzadas aprendía una LE de forma más efectiva y si éstos mostraban también un alto nivel de desarrollo de la inteligencia musical. Seguidamente, se puso en marcha la intervención sonoro-musical para comprobar si aquellos estudiantes con un bajo nivel de inteligencia musical podrían mejorar su capacidad auditiva y su competencia comunicativa. Los resultados apuntan que este programa no solo incrementa la comprensión oral, sino la producción oral, la lectora y la motivación del alumnado.

  20. Epistemic motivation affects the processing of negative emotional stimuli in interpersonal decisions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhenyu eWei

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The present electrophysiological study investigated the role of the need for cognitive closure (NFC in emotional processing. The NFC is conceptualized as an epistemic motive that is related to how and why people seek out information in social environments. Event-related potentials were recorded while individuals with high NFC (i.e., low epistemic motivation or low NFC (i.e., high epistemic motivation performed a modified Ultimatum Game, in which the emotions of happy or angry game agents were employed to predict their most likely offer. High-NFC participants more closely adhered to the decisions rules of the game than low-NFC individuals did. The electrophysiological results showed that the dispositional NFC modified early perceptual components (N170, N200, and P200. The potentials showed that high-NFC subjects had a processing bias to angry faces, whereas low-NFC individuals exhibited no such effects. These findings indicated that high-NFC individuals were more sensitive to negative emotional stimuli than low-NFC individuals in an interpersonal decision-making task.

  1. Adverbial Markers of Epistemic Modality Across Disciplinary Discourses: A Contrastive Study of Research Articles in Six Academic Disciplines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rozumko Agata

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Epistemic adverbs, like other markers of epistemic modality, are concerned with the speaker’s assessment of the truth value of the proposition. In other words, they indicate that the speaker considers certain situations as possible, impossible, probable, certain, or uncertain. At the same time, they signal the author’s presence in the text, and invite the reader to make his/her own conclusions and interpretations. The use of modal markers has been demonstrated to differ across academic disciplines, but the specific differences concerning the use of epistemic adverbs have not been studied systematically. This paper investigates the use of epistemic adverbs in research articles representing six disciplines belonging to three different branches of science: the humanities (linguistics and literary studies, the social sciences (law and sociology, and the natural sciences (physics and medicine, with the aim of establishing discipline-specific tendencies in their use. The study is based on a corpus of 160 research articles compiled by the author. It begins with an attempt at delimiting the category of epistemic adverbs in English. After that, a list of the most frequent epistemic adverbs in the subcorpora of all the disciplines is established and discussed. The study demonstrates that frequent use of epistemic adverbs is largely a property of research articles in the humanities and social sciences. Medical and physics research articles use them significantly less often. The most frequent epistemic adverbs in the research articles under analysis include indeed, perhaps, clearly, certainly, of course, arguably, possibly, and reportedly. Some adverbs appear to be associated with specific disciplines, e.g., clearly (physics, linguistics, sociology, medicine, indeed (linguistics, literary studies, sociology, possibly, reportedly (medicine, arguably (law. The association of individual adverbs with specific disciplines may serve as an important clue to

  2. Fitness-Specific Epistemic Beliefs, Effort Regulation, Outcomes, and Indices of Motivation in High School Physical Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lodewyk, Ken R.; Gao, Zan

    2013-01-01

    Epistemic beliefs are deeply held convictions about the nature of knowledge, knowing, and learning. In this study, approximately 500 ninth and tenth-grade physical education (PE) students completed fitness-specific measures assessing their epistemic beliefs in the simplicity and stability of knowledge and the speed of its acquisition along with…

  3. Accounting for Epistemic Uncertainty in Mission Supportability Assessment: A Necessary Step in Understanding Risk and Logistics Requirements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Owens, Andrew; De Weck, Olivier L.; Stromgren, Chel; Goodliff, Kandyce; Cirillo, William

    2017-01-01

    Future crewed missions to Mars present a maintenance logistics challenge that is unprecedented in human spaceflight. Mission endurance – defined as the time between resupply opportunities – will be significantly longer than previous missions, and therefore logistics planning horizons are longer and the impact of uncertainty is magnified. Maintenance logistics forecasting typically assumes that component failure rates are deterministically known and uses them to represent aleatory uncertainty, or uncertainty that is inherent to the process being examined. However, failure rates cannot be directly measured; rather, they are estimated based on similarity to other components or statistical analysis of observed failures. As a result, epistemic uncertainty – that is, uncertainty in knowledge of the process – exists in failure rate estimates that must be accounted for. Analyses that neglect epistemic uncertainty tend to significantly underestimate risk. Epistemic uncertainty can be reduced via operational experience; for example, the International Space Station (ISS) failure rate estimates are refined using a Bayesian update process. However, design changes may re-introduce epistemic uncertainty. Thus, there is a tradeoff between changing a design to reduce failure rates and operating a fixed design to reduce uncertainty. This paper examines the impact of epistemic uncertainty on maintenance logistics requirements for future Mars missions, using data from the ISS Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLS) as a baseline for a case study. Sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the impact of variations in failure rate estimates and epistemic uncertainty on spares mass. The results of these analyses and their implications for future system design and mission planning are discussed.

  4. Pedagogía crítica como medio para desarrollar la autonomía moral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Escobar Galo

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este ensayo es exponer los estudios y las propuestas contemporáneas sobre el surgimiento de la conciencia moral y el ejercicio de la autonomía moral, así como analizar si los planteamientos pedagógicos de Paulo Freire favorecen o no el ejercicio de la libertad y la configuración de la autonomía moral. Para comprender el desarrollo de la autonomía moral es necesario exponer los principios del nacimiento de la conciencia moral de Jean Piaget, los procesos de desarrollo moral de Lawrence Kohlberg y la acción comunicativa y el desarrollo moral desde la perspectiva de Jürgen Habermas. La pedagogía crítica de Freire se orienta en tres ejes: la toma de conciencia de los sujetos (lectura del mundo frente a la realidad, el ejercicio de la libertad desde la acción educativa y la generación del pensamiento crítico desde lo personal y comunitario, lo que implica la comprensión de la historia (personal y comunitaria como posibilidad y no como determinación.

  5. Case Study of an Epistemic Mathematics Computer Game

    Science.gov (United States)

    Buteau, Chantal; Muller, Eric

    2018-01-01

    E-Brock Bugs is a serious educational game (SEG) about probability which was created based on Devlin's design principles for games whose players adopt identities of mathematically able persons. This kind of games in which "players think and act like real world professionals" has been called epistemic. This article presents an empirical…

  6. Exploring the relationships between epistemic beliefs about medicine and approaches to learning medicine: a structural equation modeling analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiu, Yen-Lin; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Hou, Cheng-Yen; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2016-07-18

    Students' epistemic beliefs may vary in different domains; therefore, it may be beneficial for medical educators to better understand medical students' epistemic beliefs regarding medicine. Understanding how medical students are aware of medical knowledge and how they learn medicine is a critical issue of medical education. The main purposes of this study were to investigate medical students' epistemic beliefs relating to medical knowledge, and to examine their relationships with students' approaches to learning medicine. A total of 340 undergraduate medical students from 9 medical colleges in Taiwan were surveyed with the Medical-Specific Epistemic Beliefs (MSEB) questionnaire (i.e., multi-source, uncertainty, development, justification) and the Approach to Learning Medicine (ALM) questionnaire (i.e., surface motive, surface strategy, deep motive, and deep strategy). By employing the structural equation modeling technique, the confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were conducted to validate the questionnaires and explore the structural relations between these two constructs. It was indicated that medical students with multi-source beliefs who were suspicious of medical knowledge transmitted from authorities were less likely to possess a surface motive and deep strategies. Students with beliefs regarding uncertain medical knowledge tended to utilize flexible approaches, that is, they were inclined to possess a surface motive but adopt deep strategies. Students with beliefs relating to justifying medical knowledge were more likely to have mixed motives (both surface and deep motives) and mixed strategies (both surface and deep strategies). However, epistemic beliefs regarding development did not have significant relations with approaches to learning. Unexpectedly, it was found that medical students with sophisticated epistemic beliefs (e.g., suspecting knowledge from medical experts) did not necessarily engage in deep approaches to learning medicine

  7. Notions of "Rhetoric as Epistemic" in Ancient Greece.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benoit, William L.

    The notion that rhetoric (and to a lesser extent, argument) is epistemic is an increasingly popular one today, although it can be traced to ancient Greece. The notion holds that rhetoric, or the art of persuasion, creates and shapes knowledge. Two ancient authors--Aristophanes and Plato--provide evidence that others had notions of rhetoric as…

  8. Understanding and Promoting Thinking about Knowledge: Origins, Issues, and Future Directions of Research on Epistemic Cognition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sandoval, William A.; Greene, Jeffrey A.; Bråten, Ivar

    2016-01-01

    Epistemic cognition is the thinking that people do about what and how they know. Education has long been concerned with promoting reflection on knowledge and processes of knowing, but research into epistemic cognition began really in the past half century, with a tremendous expansion in the past 20 years. This review summarizes the broad range of…

  9. Fluctuating Epistemic Uncertainty in a Design Team as a Metacognitive Driver for Creative Cognitive Processes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Bo; Ball, Linden J.

    2016-01-01

    Previous design research has demonstrated how epistemic uncertainty engenders localized, creative reasoning, including analogizing and mental simulation. Our analysis of the DTRS11 dataset examined not just the short-term, localized effects of epistemic uncertainty on creative processing...... and information selection, but also its long-term impact on downstream creative processes and decisions about what information to take forward. Our hypothesis was that heightened levels of uncertainty associated with a particular cognitive referent (i.e., a post-it note translated from Chinese end-users) would......, as predicted, found to engender subsequent attentive returns to cognitive referents at later points in the design process. Third, although epistemic uncertainty did not predict the information that was eventually selected to take forward in the design space, both immediate creative elaboration and subsequent...

  10. Quantum mechanics as classical statistical mechanics with an ontic extension and an epistemic restriction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Budiyono, Agung; Rohrlich, Daniel

    2017-11-03

    Where does quantum mechanics part ways with classical mechanics? How does quantum randomness differ fundamentally from classical randomness? We cannot fully explain how the theories differ until we can derive them within a single axiomatic framework, allowing an unambiguous account of how one theory is the limit of the other. Here we derive non-relativistic quantum mechanics and classical statistical mechanics within a common framework. The common axioms include conservation of average energy and conservation of probability current. But two axioms distinguish quantum mechanics from classical statistical mechanics: an "ontic extension" defines a nonseparable (global) random variable that generates physical correlations, and an "epistemic restriction" constrains allowed phase space distributions. The ontic extension and epistemic restriction, with strength on the order of Planck's constant, imply quantum entanglement and uncertainty relations. This framework suggests that the wave function is epistemic, yet it does not provide an ontic dynamics for individual systems.

  11. High-School Students' Epistemic Knowledge of Science and Its Relation to Learner Factors in Science Learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Fang-Ying; Liu, Shiang-Yao; Hsu, Chung-Yuan; Chiou, Guo-Li; Wu, Hsin-Kai; Wu, Ying-Tien; Chen, Sufen; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Tsai, Meng-Jung; Lee, Silvia W.-Y.; Lee, Min-Hsien; Lin, Che-Li; Chu, Regina Juchun; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2018-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an online contextualized test for assessing students' understanding of epistemic knowledge of science. In addition, how students' understanding of epistemic knowledge of science interacts with learner factors, including time spent on science learning, interest, self-efficacy, and gender, was…

  12. When one model is not enough: combining epistemic tools in systems biology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Green, Sara

    2013-06-01

    In recent years, the philosophical focus of the modeling literature has shifted from descriptions of general properties of models to an interest in different model functions. It has been argued that the diversity of models and their correspondingly different epistemic goals are important for developing intelligible scientific theories (Leonelli, 2007; Levins, 2006). However, more knowledge is needed on how a combination of different epistemic means can generate and stabilize new entities in science. This paper will draw on Rheinberger's practice-oriented account of knowledge production. The conceptual repertoire of Rheinberger's historical epistemology offers important insights for an analysis of the modelling practice. I illustrate this with a case study on network modeling in systems biology where engineering approaches are applied to the study of biological systems. I shall argue that the use of multiple representational means is an essential part of the dynamic of knowledge generation. It is because of-rather than in spite of-the diversity of constraints of different models that the interlocking use of different epistemic means creates a potential for knowledge production. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Interferences and events on epistemic shifts in physics through computer simulations

    CERN Document Server

    Warnke, Martin

    2017-01-01

    Computer simulations are omnipresent media in today's knowledge production. For scientific endeavors such as the detection of gravitational waves and the exploration of subatomic worlds, simulations are essential; however, the epistemic status of computer simulations is rather controversial as they are neither just theory nor just experiment. Therefore, computer simulations have challenged well-established insights and common scientific practices as well as our very understanding of knowledge. This volume contributes to the ongoing discussion on the epistemic position of computer simulations in a variety of physical disciplines, such as quantum optics, quantum mechanics, and computational physics. Originating from an interdisciplinary event, it shows that accounts of contemporary physics can constructively interfere with media theory, philosophy, and the history of science.

  14. El estudio de la comunidad como un espacio para leer y escribir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith Kalman

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de la comunidad como un espacio para leer y escribir La investigación reportada en este artículo responde a la demanda actual de construir propuestas de educación de adultos en general, y de alfabetización en particular, relevantes y pertinentes para los contextos cotidianos de los usuarios de estos programas. Define a la alfabetización como el aprender a manipular y utilizar el lenguaje deliberadamente para participar en eventos socialmente valorados. A partir de un marco teórico-metodológico cualitativo, presenta los hallazgos de un estudio de una comunidad marginada a las orillas de la Ciudad de México en el cual se exploró las oportunidades y escenarios locales para leer y escribir así como las situaciones cotidianas que favorecen la apropiación de la cultura escrita. Presenta una caracterización de cuatro diferentes espacios sociales comunitarios (la Iglesia, la familia, el puesto de periódicos, la historia reciente de su desarrollo y su ubicación en la vida comunicativa de los miembros de la comunidad. Concluye que para incrementar la calidad de la educación de adultos, particularmente lo referente a los usos y conocimientos de la lengua escrita, es indispensable no desestimar el carácter dinámico de los espacios de lectura y escritura.

  15. Epistemic risks: challenges in assessment and decision making

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kozine, Igor

    . There are calls to revisions ranging from the definition of risk and stretching to the use of risk analysis results in decision making. The talk will centre in answering the following questions: Why conventional approach to risk analysis is challenged? What are alternatives? How to operationalise the inclusion...... of epistemic uncertainty in risk analysis? How to make decisions based on risk analysis results?...

  16. Entre el juego y la agresión: Normas y reglas del evento comunicativo lúdico en un contexto escolar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisa Fernanda Guarín-García

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La investigación tuvo como propósito comprender la agresión comunicativa entre estudiantes de cuarto grado de primaria. Nos enfocamos en el análisis de la agresión como un tipo de evento comunicativo que se desarrolla a través de normas de interacción e interpretación lingüística -verbales y no verbales- aprendidas y desarrolladas en comunidades de habla específicas. A través de un ejercicio extenso de etnografía de aula realizamos un análisis de actos comunicativos entre los escolares, especialmente durante los juegos. Analizamos las normas de interacción e interpretación puestas en escena durante eventos comunicativos escolares y lúdicos, para conocer los procesos de articulación de los enunciados interpretados como agresivos por los niños y las niñas. Los resultados señalan que en la dimensión comunicativa del juego escolar pueden surgir agresiones debido al manejo que los participantes hacen de las reglas y las normas comunicativas desarrolladas en el entorno cultural en el cual crecen e interactúan. El conjunto de competencias comunicativas aprendidas suele ser aprovechado para legitimar actos e interacciones agresivas de manera implícita, e incluirlo como parte de su cotidianidad escolar.

  17. Fluctuating Epistemic Uncertainty in a Design Team as a Metacognitive Driver for Creative Cognitive Processes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Bo; Ball, Linden J.

    2018-01-01

    Previous design research has demonstrated how epistemic uncertainty engenders localised, creative reasoning, including analogising and mental simulation. We analysed not just the short-term, localised effects of epistemic uncertainty on creative processing and information selection, but also its...... long-term impact on downstream creative processes. Our hypothesis was that heightened levels of uncertainty associated with a particular cognitive referent would engender: (1) immediate creative elaboration of that referent aimed at resolving uncertainty and determining information selection; and (2...

  18. New adventures in low fidelity: towards a media-epistemic pluralism

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hoogstad, J.H.

    2008-01-01

    By staging an encounter between Friedrich Kittler's 'Gramophone, Film, Typewriter' and Ralph Ellison's autobiographical story 'Living with Music', this essay makes a case for a media-epistemic pluralism. It argues that a medium does not function autonomously, but always forms a complex constellation

  19. Tracing the becoming of reflective practitioner through the enactment of epistemic practices

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Trenca, Mihaela

    2016-01-01

    Purpose - This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for tracing the cognitive and affective micro-processes management accountants can draw upon to construct themselves as reflective practitioners within organizational context. Design/methodology/approach - Drawing on pragmatic...... constructivism and Heron's (1992) theory of learning and personhood, the framework provides a methodology for tracing the way management accountants can construct themselves as reflective practitioners by enactig epistemic practices (Cetina, 2001). Furthermore, we enquire into the epistemological requirements...... for creating trustworthy knowledge and the processes through which actors can diminish the proactive-pragmatic truth gap. Findings - The framework shows how the participatory function of the mind, deeply rooted in affective processes, is implicated in creating empathic engagement with epistemic objects...

  20. Habilidades comunicativas verbais no desenvolvimento típico de linguagem: relato de caso

    OpenAIRE

    Abe, Camila Mayumi; Bretanha, Andreza Carolina; Bozza, Amanda; Ferraro, Gyovanna Junya Klinke; Lopes-Herrera, Simone Aparecida

    2013-01-01

    O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as habilidades comunicativas verbais utilizadas por crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem de 6 a 8 anos de idade. Participaram deste estudo 10 crianças de ambos os gêneros na faixa etária de 6 a 8 anos, sem alterações de linguagem. Foi gravada uma amostra de interação de cada criança com um adulto (pai e/ou mãe) em vídeo com 30 minutos de duração. As gravações foram transcritas na íntegra e analisadas pela pesquisadora e por outra fonoaudióloga tr...

  1. Weak values in a classical theory with an epistemic restriction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karanjai, Angela; Cavalcanti, Eric G; Bartlett, Stephen D; Rudolph, Terry

    2015-01-01

    Weak measurement of a quantum system followed by postselection based on a subsequent strong measurement gives rise to a quantity called the weak value: a complex number for which the interpretation has long been debated. We analyse the procedure of weak measurement and postselection, and the interpretation of the associated weak value, using a theory of classical mechanics supplemented by an epistemic restriction that is known to be operationally equivalent to a subtheory of quantum mechanics. Both the real and imaginary components of the weak value appear as phase space displacements in the postselected expectation values of the measurement device's position and momentum distributions, and we recover the same displacements as in the quantum case by studying the corresponding evolution in our theory of classical mechanics with an epistemic restriction. By using this epistemically restricted theory, we gain insight into the appearance of the weak value as a result of the statistical effects of post selection, and this provides us with an operational interpretation of the weak value, both its real and imaginary parts. We find that the imaginary part of the weak value is a measure of how much postselection biases the mean phase space distribution for a given amount of measurement disturbance. All such biases proportional to the imaginary part of the weak value vanish in the limit where disturbance due to measurement goes to zero. Our analysis also offers intuitive insight into how measurement disturbance can be minimized and the limits of weak measurement. (paper)

  2. La competencia literaria y comunicativa en la formación inicial del docente. Presentación de una experiencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eloísa Reche Urbano

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available La competencia comunicativa es un elemento fundamental en la formación de los futuros profesionales de la docencia y esta debe ser trabajada de manera transversal desde las diversas materias que conforman los planes de estudios, especialmente, en aquellas en las que el alumnado deba desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas asociadas a ella. En esta línea, surge la experiencia de innovación educativa basada en modulación de las metodologías que han permitido la coordinación interdisciplinar, en el curso académico 2014-2015, de las asignaturas “Formación literaria y Literatura infantil” y “Educación Mediática y aplicaciones didácticas de las TIC”, que se imparten en segundo curso del Grado en Educación Primaria, en el Centro de Magisterio Sagrado Corazón (Universidad de Córdoba. Se diseñó una práctica de narrativa audiovisual, cuyo punto de partida fue la selección de las competencias y la formulación de los objetivos a alcanzar. Teniendo en cuenta la interactuación interacción de los diversos aprendizajes adquiridos por el alumnado en las distintas materias, se planificaron las metodologías, la secuenciación y la temporalización de las diversas fases de la práctica, así como la guía y los instrumentos de evaluación, tanto del logro de las competencias como de la satisfacción del alumnado con la experiencia. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la realización de este tipo de prácticas coordinadas favorece la adquisición y movilización de las competencias asociadas al Título.

  3. Accounting for Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainty in Early System Design, Phase II

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This project extends Probability Bounds Analysis to model epistemic and aleatory uncertainty during early design of engineered systems in an Integrated Concurrent...

  4. Accounting for Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainty in Early System Design, Phase I

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The proposed work extends Probability Bounds Analysis to model epistemic and aleatory uncertainty during early design of engineered systems in an Integrated...

  5. Asymmetries of Knowledge and Epistemic Change in Social Gaming Interaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Piirainen-Marsh, Arja; Tainio, Liisa

    2014-01-01

    While a growing number of studies investigate the role of knowledge and interactional management of knowledge asymmetries in conversation analysis, the epistemic organization of multilingual and second language interactions is still largely unexplored. This article addresses this issue by investigating how knowledge asymmetries and changing…

  6. La competencia intercultural y el aprendizaje del castellano como segunda lengua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez Trujillo, María de los Ángeles

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo de investigación, se brindan los resultados de un trabajo de investigación descriptivo realizado con diecisiete escolares extranjeros no hispanohablantes que residen en Lima por un tiempo mayor o equivalente a un año. El objetivo fue identificar sus habilidades interculturales y relacionarlas con su competencia comunicativa en la expresión y comprensión de enunciados en castellano. Además, se buscó identificar si tales destrezas eran trabajadas en la escuela, específicamente, en su curso de Español. A partir de los resultados, se evidenció la poca o nula importancia que se le concede a la competencia intercultural como parte integral de las clases de Español como segunda lengua, lo que se pudo constatar no solo en el desarrollo de las sesiones, sino en el material de clase utilizado. Tal situación provocó la poca disposición de los alumnos a aprender el idioma fuera del entorno escolar. Por tanto, se evidenció la asociación existente entre el desarrollo de habilidades interculturales, y el éxito o fracaso del aprendizaje de una segunda lengua.

  7. For reflexivity as an epistemic criterion of ontological coherence and virtuous social theorizing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bouzanis, Christoforos

    2017-12-01

    This article offers an approach that combines, on the one hand, the philosophical notion of reflexivity, which is related to the ideas of self-reference and paradox, and, on the other hand, the sociological discussion of epistemic reflexivity as a problem of coherence, which was mainly initiated by certain branches of ethnomethodology and social constructionism. This combinatory approach argues for reflexivity as an epistemic criterion of ontological coherence , which suggests that social ontologies should account for the possibility of self-reflective subjectivity - for otherwise they result in a paradoxical conclusion according to which a social scientist reflects on her or his ontological commitments even though these commitments deny her or him the capacity for self-reflection . This analysis presupposes that all human sciences are categorically premised on social ontologies; and it argues for an analytical distinction between self-reflection, which refers to the agential capacity for reflecting on one's own commitments, and the epistemic criterion of reflexivity hereby proposed. These two analytically distinct though interdependent socio-theoretical concepts are frequently conflated in the literature; thus, this article also aims at a 'clearing of the ground' that can be of categorical use to the human sciences.

  8. ψ-Epistemic Models are Exponentially Bad at Explaining the Distinguishability of Quantum States

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leifer, M. S.

    2014-04-01

    The status of the quantum state is perhaps the most controversial issue in the foundations of quantum theory. Is it an epistemic state (state of knowledge) or an ontic state (state of reality)? In realist models of quantum theory, the epistemic view asserts that nonorthogonal quantum states correspond to overlapping probability measures over the true ontic states. This naturally accounts for a large number of otherwise puzzling quantum phenomena. For example, the indistinguishability of nonorthogonal states is explained by the fact that the ontic state sometimes lies in the overlap region, in which case there is nothing in reality that could distinguish the two states. For this to work, the amount of overlap of the probability measures should be comparable to the indistinguishability of the quantum states. In this Letter, I exhibit a family of states for which the ratio of these two quantities must be ≤2de-cd in Hilbert spaces of dimension d that are divisible by 4. This implies that, for large Hilbert space dimension, the epistemic explanation of indistinguishability becomes implausible at an exponential rate as the Hilbert space dimension increases.

  9. Students' Scientific Epistemic Beliefs, Online Evaluative Standards, and Online Searching Strategies for Science Information: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Load Experience

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hsieh, Ya-Hui; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2014-06-01

    The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of cognitive load experience between students' scientific epistemic beliefs and information commitments, which refer to online evaluative standards and online searching strategies. A total of 344 science-related major students participated in this study. Three questionnaires were used to ascertain the students' scientific epistemic beliefs, information commitments, and cognitive load experience. Structural equation modeling was then used to analyze the moderating effect of cognitive load, with the results revealing its significant moderating effect. The relationships between sophisticated scientific epistemic beliefs and the advanced evaluative standards used by the students were significantly stronger for low than for high cognitive load students. Moreover, considering the searching strategies that the students used, the relationships between sophisticated scientific epistemic beliefs and advanced searching strategies were also stronger for low than for high cognitive load students. However, for the high cognitive load students, only one of the sophisticated scientific epistemic belief dimensions was found to positively associate with advanced evaluative standard dimensions.

  10. The Epistemic Dimension of Competence in the Social Sciences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Maggioni

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available To investigate competence in the social sciences, we propose to define competence as a particular configuration of the learner’s cognition, strategic repertoire, motivation, and orientation toward knowing. Specifically, we focus on epistemic beliefs and on the changes that a view of knowing as a complex, effortful, generative, evidence-seeking, and reflective enterprise entails. In this context, we discuss how familiarity with the processes used to justify knowledge claims within specific disciplinary communities can provide useful tools to develop the kind of adaptive and consistent thinking that characterize competence in different domains and how this focus may aid the identification of characteristics common across domains. We use our empirical exploration of adolescents’ development of competence in the domain of history to illustrate the implications of this theoretical framework, to highlight the relations between domain-specific epistemic beliefs and kind of understanding that students built as a result of reading multiple texts, and to suggest what pedagogical practices may have influenced students’ orientations toward knowing in these three history classes.

  11. Changes in epistemic frameworks: Random or constrained?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ananka Loubser

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Since the emergence of a solid anti-positivist approach in the philosophy of science, an important question has been to understand how and why epistemic frameworks change in time, are modified or even substituted. In contemporary philosophy of science three main approaches to framework-change were detected in the humanist tradition:1. In both the pre-theoretical and theoretical domains changes occur according to a rather constrained, predictable or even pre-determined pattern (e.g. Holton.2. Changes occur in a way that is more random or unpredictable and free from constraints (e.g. Kuhn, Feyerabend, Rorty, Lyotard.3. Between these approaches, a middle position can be found, attempting some kind of synthesis (e.g. Popper, Lakatos.Because this situation calls for clarification and systematisation, this article in fact tried to achieve more clarity on how changes in pre-scientific frameworks occur, as well as provided transcendental criticism of the above positions. This article suggested that the above-mentioned positions are not fully satisfactory, as change and constancy are not sufficiently integrated. An alternative model was suggested in which changes in epistemic frameworks occur according to a pattern, neither completely random nor rigidly constrained, which results in change being dynamic but not arbitrary. This alternative model is integral, rather than dialectical and therefore does not correspond to position three. 

  12. A sampling-based computational strategy for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in model predictions with evidence theory.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Johnson, J. D. (Prostat, Mesa, AZ); Oberkampf, William Louis; Helton, Jon Craig (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Storlie, Curtis B. (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC)

    2006-10-01

    Evidence theory provides an alternative to probability theory for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in model predictions that derives from epistemic uncertainty in model inputs, where the descriptor epistemic is used to indicate uncertainty that derives from a lack of knowledge with respect to the appropriate values to use for various inputs to the model. The potential benefit, and hence appeal, of evidence theory is that it allows a less restrictive specification of uncertainty than is possible within the axiomatic structure on which probability theory is based. Unfortunately, the propagation of an evidence theory representation for uncertainty through a model is more computationally demanding than the propagation of a probabilistic representation for uncertainty, with this difficulty constituting a serious obstacle to the use of evidence theory in the representation of uncertainty in predictions obtained from computationally intensive models. This presentation describes and illustrates a sampling-based computational strategy for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in model predictions with evidence theory. Preliminary trials indicate that the presented strategy can be used to propagate uncertainty representations based on evidence theory in analysis situations where naive sampling-based (i.e., unsophisticated Monte Carlo) procedures are impracticable due to computational cost.

  13. SUPPORTING LEARNING THROUGH EPISTEMIC SCAFFOLDS EMBEDDED IN A HIGHLIGHTER TOOL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jan Erik Dahl

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available This article explores the use of epistemic scaffolds embedded in a digital highlighter tool that was used to support students’ readings and discussions of research articles. The use of annotation technologies in education is increasing, and annotations can play a wide variety of epistemic roles; e.g., they can facilitate a deeper level of engagement, support critical thinking, develop cognitive and metacognitive skills and introduce practices that can support knowledge building and independent learning. However, research has shown that the actual tool use often deviates from the underlying knowledge model in the tools. Hence, the situated and mediated nature of these tools is still poorly understood. Research also tends to study the tools as a passed on resource rather than being co-constructed between students and teachers. The researcher argues that approaching these resources as co-constructed can be more productive and can create new spaces for teacher–student dialogues, students’ agency and self-scaffolding.

  14. Tracing the becoming of reflective practitioner through the enactment of epistemic practices

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Trenca, Mihaela

    2016-01-01

    Purpose – This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for tracing the cognitive and affective micro-processes management accountants can draw upon to construct themselves as reflective practitioners within organizational context. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on pragmatic...... can resonate, leading to the development of functioning practices. Research limitations/implications – Providing a framework for tracing the micro-processes of epistemic practices can serve as a tool for researchers to acquire a more detailed account of the practice and. By looking...... for creating trustworthy knowledge and the processes through which actors can diminish the proactive-pragmatic truth gap. Findings – The framework shows how the participatory function of the mind, deeply rooted in affective processes, is implicated in creating empathic engagement with epistemic objects...

  15. Therapeutic Assessment in Personality Disorders: Toward the Restoration of Epistemic Trust.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kamphuis, Jan H; Finn, Stephen E

    2018-06-06

    Research evidence suggests Therapeutic Assessment positively affects clients with problems in living, including clients with personality disorders, who are typically quite resistant to change. Importantly, this change takes place quickly, in relatively few sessions. This article draws on a relatively new evolutionary-based theory of epistemic trust (ET) and epistemic hypervigilance (EH) as a lens to plausibly explain the efficacy of TA, and especially its influence on PD clients' alliance and motivation for subsequent psychotherapy (Fonagy, Luyten, & Alison, 2015 ). ET is the willingness to take in relevant interpersonally transmited information and it is essential to the immediate success of psychotherapy and its long-term impact. The collaborative, intersubjective framework of TA and many of its specific techniques might be understood as highly relevant to restoring ET in clients, especially those with PD. We close by discussing implications for psychological assessment, psychotherapy, and research.

  16. Concepción del diseño en Cayetano Aníbal y su vertiente comunicativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    León Moreno García

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se explica la trayectoria de Cayetano Aníbal en el ámbito del diseño, parte fundamental de su labor artística, y se profundiza en cómo  concibe precisamente el diseño este creador. Se acompaña de unos breves apuntes donde explicamos y contextualizamos su formación como artista y cómo comienza a tomar contacto con esta actividad, junto a algunos datos de su evolución y referencias a sus obras más señeras. Para seguidamente ir analizando algunas de ellas, incidiendo en el diseño de carteles, murales, carpetas de grabado, proyectos de esculturas, intercalando del mismo modo referencias a su producción editorial donde encontramos reflexiones en cuanto a concepción de diseño se refiere. En este análisis de su obra y cómo fue concebida, remarcamos su vertiente comunicativa y cómo consigue transmitir ciertos valores e ideas o proponer ciertos conceptos. Así, según el punto de vista de Cayetano Aníbal, el diseño es el producto de las capacidades y exigencias de la mente para reflejar, explicar, comunicar y transformar los entornos y los contextos. Terminamos con una reflexión de cómo debiera ser el diseño y el proceso mental por el que un artista debe enfrentarse a la concepción de una obra de arte.

  17. The Relationships between Epistemic Beliefs in Biology and Approaches to Learning Biology among Biology-Major University Students in Taiwan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Yi-Chun; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2012-01-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between students' epistemic beliefs in biology and their approaches to learning biology. To this end, two instruments, the epistemic beliefs in biology and the approaches to learning biology surveys, were developed and administered to 520 university biology students, respectively. By and…

  18. La evaluación como instrumento de mejora de la calidad del aprendizaje. Propuesta de intervención psicopedagógica para el aprendizaje del idioma inglés

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Morales, Juana Idania

    2008-01-01

    La evaluación del aprendizaje del inglés en las carreras que estudian esta lengua con fines específicos en la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas da cuenta de niveles de competencia comunicativa que no se corresponden con las exigencias que los estudiantes encontrarán en la práctica profesional. El estudio se dirige a la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés centrado en modificaciones al proceso de evaluación. Este se concibe como proceso integrado a la enseñanza...

  19. Epistemic Opacity, Confirmation Holism and Technical Debt: Computer Simulation in the Light of Empirical Software Engineering

    OpenAIRE

    Newman , Julian

    2015-01-01

    Epistemic opacity vis a vis human agents has been presented as an essential, ineliminable characteristic of computer simulation models resulting from the characteristics of the human cognitive agent. This paper argues, on the contrary, that such epistemic opacity as does occur in computer simulations is not a consequence of human limitations but of a failure on the part of model developers to adopt good software engineering practice for managing human error and ensuring the software artefact ...

  20. Competencia Comunicativa: Evolución cronológica del término y sus elementos constitutivos Communicative Competence: Chronological Evolution of the Term and its Constituents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsa Ronquillo Hernández

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available La competencia comunicativa surge como uno de los elementos constitutivos de la competencia profesional. Su definición ha variado a través de los años, lo que ha traído aparejado el surgimiento de diversas escuelas y tendencias en diferentes países. Disímiles son las áreas del saber que han analizado la competencia comunicativa. El siguiente trabajo presenta un desglose cronológico del surgimiento, evolución y desarrollo de dicho concepto, a partir de algunas de las figuras más representativas dentro de este campo. Dada la importancia que la misma posee, no solo para la enseñanza de idiomas sino para otras disciplinas que se nutren de los postulados y teorías que esta proclama, se hace necesario su estudio y profundización en aras de perfeccionar y enriquecer los contenidos y programas que conforman la carrera de Medicina y, de este modo, dar un paso de avance en los esfuerzos por graduar médicos más capaces y mejor preparados.Communicative competence appears as a constituent element of professional competence. Its concept has varied through the years, which has brought about the emergence of different schools and trends in various countries. Communicative competence has been analyzed by dissimilar areas of science. This work presents a chronological study of the emergence, evolvement and development of the term from the ideas of the most outstanding personalities in the field. Given the relevance of the topic, not only for the teaching of foreign languages but for many other disciplines that are fuelled by the postulates and theories that it proclaims, it is necessary to study and deepen into the concept as a way to enrich and improve the contents and syllabuses which are part of the Medicine career curriculum so that a step forward is taken in the efforts to educate more capable and better prepared doctors.

  1. A proposal for an epistemically diverse curriculum for South African ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    A proposal for an epistemically diverse curriculum for South African higher education in the 21st Century ... In particular, I attempt to assess the gains made for curriculum development in South African higher education by the imposition of the SAQA interim registration requirements and the outcomes-based method of ...

  2. Mastery and Performance Goals Predict Epistemic and Relational Conflict Regulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Darnon, Celine; Muller, Dominique; Schrager, Sheree M.; Pannuzzo, Nelly; Butera, Fabrizio

    2006-01-01

    The present research examines whether mastery and performance goals predict different ways of reacting to a sociocognitive conflict with another person over materials to be learned, an issue not yet addressed by the achievement goal literature. Results from 2 studies showed that mastery goals predicted epistemic conflict regulation (a conflict…

  3. Book Symposium: Duncan Pritchard, Epistemic Angst (Princeton University Press, 2015, xiii + 236 pages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Duncan Pritchard

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT This book symposium features three critical pieces dealing with Duncan Pritchard's book, 'Epistemic Angst'; the symposium also contains Pritchard's replies to his critics.

  4. Reconciling Patient Safety and Epistemic Humility: An Ethical Use of Opioid Treatment Plans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ho, Anita

    2017-05-01

    In this issue of the Hastings Center Report, Joshua Rager and Peter Schwartz suggest using opioid treatment agreements as public health monitoring tools to inform patients about "the requirements entailed by undergoing opioid therapy," rather than as contractual agreements to alter patients' individual behavior or to benefit them directly. Because Rager and Schwartz's argument presents suspected OTA violations as a justification to stop providing opioids yet does not highlight the broader epistemic and systemic context within which clinicians prescribe these medications, their proposal may perpetuate a climate of distrust and stigmatization without correcting systemic factors that may have placed patients and others at risk in the first place. Given the context of epistemic uncertainty regarding opioid safety and efficacy, insufficient training for opioid prescribers, and inadequate patient education, I propose replacing OTAs, which have a narrow focus on patient behaviors, with opioid treatment plans, which would promote mutual, collaborative, and shared decision-making on the most appropriate pain management program. An OTP can be ethically justified as a tool to prevent and treat iatrogenic addiction under a specific paradigm-one that adopts a default position of professional epistemic humility and holds all collaborative parties accountable in chronic pain management. © 2017 The Hastings Center.

  5. Epistemic Modality in the Argumentative Essays of Chinese EFL Learners

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Chunyu; Li, Xuyan

    2015-01-01

    Central to argumentative writing is the proper use of epistemic devices (EDs), which distinguish writers' opinions from facts and evaluate the degree of certainty expressed in their statements. Important as these devices are, they turn out to constitute a thorny area for non-native speakers (NNS). Previous research indicates that Chinese EFL…

  6. SECCIÓN TEMÁTICA - 4. EL SMARTPHONE COMO MOTOR DE UNA NUEVA INCERTIDUMBRE SOCIAL // SMARTPHONE AS THE ENGINE OF A NEW SOCIAL UNCERTAINTY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Morales Corral

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available La aparición del smartphone como gadget integrador de servicios ha supuesto una nueva forma de interactuar entre los ciudadanos. Un cambio social se avecina amparado por una conectividad móvil que permite una integración total de servicios online. La juventud española se ha vista arrastrada por este fenómeno que conjuga perfectamente con sus necesidades en las redes sociales y la mensajería instantánea. Su relevancia está ya fuera de toda duda tras los fenómenos de participación ciudadana que hemos vivido últimamente, como la primavera árabe o el movimiento 15-M. Actualmente la importancia que este tipo de herramientas está teniendo en la sociedad está modificando rutinas comunicativas que hasta hace poco tiempo parecían estables apostando por una movilidad y una conectividad constante.

  7. New Forms of Quantum Value Indefiniteness Suggest That Incompatible Views on Contexts Are Epistemic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karl Svozil

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Extensions of the Kochen–Specker theorem use quantum logics whose classical interpretation suggests a true-implies-value indefiniteness property. This can be interpreted as an indication that any view of a quantum state beyond a single context is epistemic. A remark by Gleason about the ad hoc construction of probability measures in Hilbert spaces as a result of the Pythagorean property of vector components is interpreted platonically. Unless there is a total match between preparation and measurement contexts, information about the former from the latter is not ontic, but epistemic. This is corroborated by configurations of observables and contexts with a truth-implies-value indefiniteness property.

  8. The Role of Epistemic Motivation in Individuals' Response to Decision Complexity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amit, Adi; Sagiv, Lilach

    2013-01-01

    Integrating findings on the effects of more alternatives with findings on the effects of more attributes, we offer a motivational decision-making model, suggesting that epistemic motivation moderates individuals' responses to complex information. Study 1 empirically investigated the shared essence of four conceptualizations of epistemic…

  9. EL RETO DIGITAL DE LOS MUSEOS COMO ENTORNOS DE EXPERIENCIA TURÍSTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diolinda Ramírez Gutiérrez

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available La presencia de los espacios de patrimonio en el medio digital es tanto una realidad imparable como una exigencia en incremento. La eficacia comunicativa no va emparejada a dicha presencia pero es condición para el cumplimiento del compromiso con la audiencia. El trabajo realizado elabora una lista de aspectos a evaluar en las webs de las instituciones, partiendo de consideraciones que la literatura académica del turismo hace sobre las características de la experiencia en contextos mediados por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. En este caso el análisis y evaluación es aplicado sobre las webs de museos de las islas del Archipiélago Canario (España con mayor afluencia turística mostrando déficits relacionados con el acceso, la planificación de la visita y las posibilidades de interactuación.

  10. COGNITIVE MODELING OF EPISTEMIC MENTAL STATES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yurovitskaya, L.N.

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Epistemic states of mind, connected with the cognitive activity of a man, are aimed not only at apprehending the world around us, but also at the process of this apprehension. A very important step on this way is an attempt to model these states and processes in terms of formal logics and semantics, irrespective of the language of cognition. The article presents the idea of how formal logical and linguistic modeling of the process of thinking shows the correlation and the interdependence of semantic units connected with mental activities of human brain. The basic notions of the conceptual field of cognition are presented in the article

  11. Percepção de limitações de atividades comunicativas, resolução temporal e figura-fundo em perda auditiva unilateral Perception of limitations on communicative activities, temporal resolution and figure-to-ground in unilateral hearing loss

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Ribeiro Vieira

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os comportamentos auditivos de figura-fundo e resolução temporal, e a auto-percepção das limitações de atividades comunicativas de crianças e adolescentes portadores de perda auditiva unilateral. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 38 indivíduos, com idades entre 8 e 19 anos, divididos em: grupo estudo (portadores de perda auditiva unilateral e grupo controle (ouvintes normais, cada um formado por 19 indivíduos, pareados conforme gênero, idade e escolaridade. Todos foram submetidos à anamnese, avaliação audiológica e aos procedimentos do estudo: questionário de auto-avaliação das limitações de atividades comunicativas, testes de processamento auditivo Gaps-in-Noise e Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de testes não paramétricos. RESULTADOS: No grupo estudo, a perda auditiva unilateral na maioria dos participantes foi de grau profundo, com início na fase pré-escolar, com etiologias desconhecidas ou identificadas como meningite, traumas, caxumba e sarampo. A maioria dos indivíduos apresentou queixa de dificuldades de aprendizagem e mostrou limitações de atividades comunicativas de grau moderado predominantemente, e principalmente em situações ruidosas. No grupo estudo foram observadas as piores respostas tanto para os limiares de detecção de gap como no teste Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test obtidas na orelha normal. Não houve correlação significativa entre os limiares de detecção de gap na orelha normal e o lado da orelha com perda auditiva. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com perda auditiva unilateral apresentam limitações de atividades comunicativas, principalmente em ambientes ruidosos associadas a piores habilidades auditivas de resolução temporal e de figura-fundo.PURPOSE: To evaluate the hearing behavior of figure-to-ground and temporal resolution, and the self-perception of limitations on communicative activities of children and

  12. ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA SOCIAL: A ARGUMENTAÇÃO COMO POSSIBILIDADE PEDAGÓGICA PARA A HISTÓRIA ENSINADA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Bastos de Azevedo

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este texto é fruto da pesquisa desenvolvida no mestrado em Educação, no período de 2000 a 2003, na Universidade Federal Fluminense. Buscou-se identificar como os elementos história e memória se constituem no espaço da sala de aula e produzem, assim, a história ensinada. A teoria habermasiana da ação comunicativa é o principal alicerce teórico desta pesquisa; dessa forma, procurou-se relacionar essa teoria com a construção da memória social e seu papel no fazer pedagógico da sala de aula de história.

  13. Hypermentalizing, attachment, and epistemic trust in adolescent BPD: Clinical illustrations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bo, Sune; Sharp, Carla; Fonagy, Peter; Kongerslev, Mickey

    2017-04-01

    Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been shown to be a valid and reliable diagnosis in adolescents and associated with a decrease in both general and social functioning. With evidence linking BPD in adolescents to poor prognosis, it is important to develop a better understanding of factors and mechanisms contributing to the development of BPD. This could potentially enhance our knowledge and facilitate the design of novel treatment programs and interventions for this group. In this paper, we outline a theoretical model of BPD in adolescents linking the original mentalization-based theory of BPD, with recent extensions of the theory that focuses on hypermentalizing and epistemic trust. We then provide clinical case vignettes to illustrate this extended theoretical model of BPD. Furthermore, we suggest a treatment approach to BPD in adolescents that focuses on the reduction of hypermentalizing and epistemic mistrust. We conclude with an integration of theory and practice in the final section of the paper and make recommendations for future work in this area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  14. Between Efficiency, Capability and Recognition: Competing Epistemes in Global Governance Reforms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chan, Jennifer

    2007-01-01

    This article examines global governance reforms as a site of contestation between three different "truths"/epistemes (the market, human rights principles, and cultural identity) in terms of the competing principles of efficiency, capability, and recognition. Nancy Fraser's conceptions of participation parity and a dialogical approach of…

  15. El enfoque comunicativo inmerso en el aprendizaje del idioma Inglés en Ciencia de la Computación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MSc. Alberto Luna-Hernández

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available La enseñanza del idioma inglés y su cultura, así como el desarrollo de las habilidades idiomáticas a través de un enfoque comunicativo, se convierten en una de los objetivos del proceso enseñanza - aprendizaje del idioma inglés en la carrera Ciencia de la Computación de la Universidad de Oriente, a partir del desarrollo de una competencia comunicativa, que a su vez contribuya a la formación de un profesional más integral y competente en todos los órdenes. El enfoque comunicativo comprende una estrategia de aprendizaje cognitivo que abarca la pronunciación, la estructura, la gramática, el léxico, la pragmática, y otras, así como una teoría del lenguaje como medio de comunicación, con énfasis en el desarrollo de lacompetencia comunicativa. Ello es sustentador de la   competencia comunicativa en el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. La competencia comunicativa en la enseñanza del idioma inglés toma como punto de partida el enfoque comunicativo, de ahí su interrelación focalizada en el desarrollo de conocimientos, habilidades y hábitos que permiten la emisión, recepción y negociación efectiva y apropiada de los mensajes contenidos en los actos de comunicación, a través del lenguaje verbal y no verbal.Por ello, en los programas de estudio se establece como primacía el uso de la comunicación oral del lenguaje sobre susformas escritas.

  16. Estructura de la competencia comunicativa del enfermero colaborador en países anglófonos Structure of the communicative competence of nurses who cooperate in English-speaking countries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga Gloria Barbón Pérez

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available El progreso de la competencia comunicativa del enfermero colaborador que brinda servicios de salud a pacientes foráneos requiere de la definición de la estructura teórica, dada su significación a la hora de tener en cuenta las necesidades del contexto. En este trabajo se expone la estructura teórica de la competencia comunicativa en la enseñanza del inglés al enfermero que cooperará en países anglófonos.The communicative competence progress of nurses who assist foreign patients requires a definition of its theoretical structure, given the significance of the context. This paper presents the theoretical structure of this communicative competence within the teaching of English to nurses intended to cooperate in English-speaking countries.

  17. Anàlisi comunicativa i pragmàtica dels registres d’infermeria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mireia Tarruella i Farré

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Aquest treball presenta una anàlisi de les pràctiques discursives que els professionals d’infermeria empren en la documentació clínica. La recerca aplica conceptes de pragmàtica en aspectes de la dixi i d’enunciats de caire referencial, entre altres elements discursius. L’elaboració del corpus documental ACOPRI, nom que deriva de l’acrònim de Anàlisi COmunicativa i Pragmàtica de Registres d’Infermeria ha estat el pas previ indispensable per poder dur a terme l’anàlisi. El corpus ACOPRI consta de 1320 enunciats procedents de fulls d’observacions d’infermeria recopilats a nou centres sanitaris. En aquesta memòria es recullen finalment propostes pel que fa als usos expressius, pel que fa a la llegibilitat, a l’eficàcia informativa i a la seguretat jurídica.

  18. Epistemic dependence in interdisciplinary groups

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Hanne; Wagenknecht, Susann

    2013-01-01

    In interdisciplinary research scientists have to share and integrate knowledge between people and across disciplinary boundaries. An important issue for philosophy of science is to understand how scientists who work in these kinds of environments exchange knowledge and develop new concepts...... and theories across diverging fields. There is a substantial literature within social epistemology that discusses the social aspects of scientific knowledge, but so far few attempts have been made to apply these resources to the analysis of interdisciplinary science. Further, much of the existing work either...... ignores the issue of differences in background knowledge, or it focuses explicitly on conflicting background knowledge. In this paper we provide an analysis of the interplay between epistemic dependence between individual experts with different areas of expertise. We analyze the cooperative activity...

  19. The Relationships Between Epistemic Beliefs in Biology and Approaches to Learning Biology Among Biology-Major University Students in Taiwan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Yi-Chun; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2012-12-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between students' epistemic beliefs in biology and their approaches to learning biology. To this end, two instruments, the epistemic beliefs in biology and the approaches to learning biology surveys, were developed and administered to 520 university biology students, respectively. By and large, it was found that the students reflected "mixed" motives in biology learning, while those who had more sophisticated epistemic beliefs tended to employ deep strategies. In addition, the results of paired t tests revealed that the female students were more likely to possess beliefs about biological knowledge residing in external authorities, to believe in a right answer, and to utilize rote learning as a learning strategy. Moreover, compared to juniors and seniors, freshmen and sophomores tended to hold less mature views on all factors of epistemic beliefs regarding biology. Another comparison indicated that theoretical biology students (e.g. students majoring in the Department of Biology) tended to have more mature beliefs in learning biology and more advanced strategies for biology learning than those students studying applied biology (e.g. in the Department of Biotechnology). Stepwise regression analysis, in general, indicated that students who valued the role of experiments and justify epistemic assumptions and knowledge claims based on evidence were more oriented towards having mixed motives and utilizing deep strategies to learn biology. In contrast, students who believed in the certainty of biological knowledge were more likely to adopt rote learning strategies and to aim to qualify in biology.

  20. CRITICAL COMMUNICATION PEDAGOGY AT EDUCATIONAL CENTERS PEDAGOGÍA COMUNICATIVA CRÍTICA EN LOS CENTROS EDUCATIVOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roseli de Mello

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Educational researches and proposals should be founded on successful theoriesand projects recognized by the international scientific community. Based on thispremise, we describe Learning Communities as an educational proposal that involvesthe implementation of theoretical perspectives with a dialogic and critical approachaimed at quality learning for everyone and at overcoming situations of inequality andexclusion.To this end, this article is structured into two distinct parts. The first discusses severaltheoretical proposals (while also contemplating interdisciplinarity from the perspectiveof critical communication. The second part describes the educational experience of theEscuela de Personas Adultas of La Verneda de Sant Martí, the first Learning Community,as well as the processes to bring about the transformation of educational centers inLearning Communities, a proposal that is being disseminated by different countriesbased on the standpoint of critical communication pedagogy.Las investigaciones y propuestas educativas han de partir de teorías y proyectosde éxito reconocidos por la comunidad científica internacional. Con estas premisas,describimos Comunidades de Aprendizaje como propuesta educativa donde se observala implementación de perspectivas teóricas de enfoque dialógico y crítico que planteanun aprendizaje de calidad para todas y todos y la transformación de situaciones de desigualdady exclusión.Para ello, estructuramos el artículo en dos partes. En la primera, contemplamos algunaspropuestas teóricas, principalmente pedagógicas (pero contemplando la interdisciplinariedaden la perspectiva comunicativa crítica. En la segunda parte, describimos la experienciaeducativa de la Escuela de Personas Adultas de La Verneda de Sant Martí, primeraComunidad de Aprendizaje y, a continuación, los procesos seguidos para conseguirla transformación de centros educativos en Comunidades de Aprendizaje, propuestaque se está difundiendo

  1. Do sophisticated epistemic beliefs predict meaningful learning? Findings from a structural equation model of undergraduate biology learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Silvia Wen-Yu; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2016-10-01

    This study investigated the relationships among college students' epistemic beliefs in biology (EBB), conceptions of learning biology (COLB), and strategies of learning biology (SLB). EBB includes four dimensions, namely 'multiple-source,' 'uncertainty,' 'development,' and 'justification.' COLB is further divided into 'constructivist' and 'reproductive' conceptions, while SLB represents deep strategies and surface learning strategies. Questionnaire responses were gathered from 303 college students. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling showed acceptable model fits. Mediation testing further revealed two paths with complete mediation. In sum, students' epistemic beliefs of 'uncertainty' and 'justification' in biology were statistically significant in explaining the constructivist and reproductive COLB, respectively; and 'uncertainty' was statistically significant in explaining the deep SLB as well. The results of mediation testing further revealed that 'uncertainty' predicted surface strategies through the mediation of 'reproductive' conceptions; and the relationship between 'justification' and deep strategies was mediated by 'constructivist' COLB. This study provides evidence for the essential roles some epistemic beliefs play in predicting students' learning.

  2. Epistemic uncertainties when estimating component failure rate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jordan Cizelj, R.; Mavko, B.; Kljenak, I.

    2000-01-01

    A method for specific estimation of a component failure rate, based on specific quantitative and qualitative data other than component failures, was developed and is described in the proposed paper. The basis of the method is the Bayesian updating procedure. A prior distribution is selected from a generic database, whereas likelihood is built using fuzzy logic theory. With the proposed method, the component failure rate estimation is based on a much larger quantity of information compared to the presently used classical methods. Consequently, epistemic uncertainties, which are caused by lack of knowledge about a component or phenomenon are reduced. (author)

  3. Connectomes as constitutively epistemic objects: Critical perspectives on modeling in current neuroanatomy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haueis, Philipp; Slaby, Jan

    2017-01-01

    The term "connectome" is commonly taken to describe a complete map of neural connections in a nervous system of a given species. This chapter provides a critical perspective on the role of connectomes in neuroscientific practice and asks how the connectomic approach fits into a larger context in which network thinking permeates technology, infrastructure, social life, and the economy. In the first part of this chapter, we argue that, seen from the perspective of ongoing research, the notion of connectomes as "complete descriptions" is misguided. Our argument combines Rachel Ankeny's analysis of neuroanatomical wiring diagrams as "descriptive models" with Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's notion of "epistemic objects," i.e., targets of research that are still partially unknown. Combining these aspects we conclude that connectomes are constitutively epistemic objects: there just is no way to turn them into permanent and complete technical standards because the possibilities to map connection properties under different modeling assumptions are potentially inexhaustible. In the second part of the chapter, we use this understanding of connectomes as constitutively epistemic objects in order to critically assess the historical and political dimensions of current neuroscientific research. We argue that connectomics shows how the notion of the "brain as a network" has become the dominant metaphor of contemporary brain research. We further point out that this metaphor shares (potentially problematic) affinities to the form of contemporary "network societies." We close by pointing out how the relation between connectomes and networks in society could be used in a more fruitful manner. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Elementary Students' Roles and Epistemic Stances during Document-Based History Lessons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nokes, Jeffery D.

    2014-01-01

    This article reports on a study that repositioned elementary students in new roles as active, critical participants in historical inquiry--roles that required a more mature epistemic stance. It reports 5th-grade students' responses to instructional methods intended to help them understand the nature of historical knowledge, appreciate the work of…

  5. Analytics for Knowledge Creation: Towards Epistemic Agency and Design-Mode Thinking

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Bodong; Zhang, Jianwei

    2016-01-01

    Innovation and knowledge creation call for high-level epistemic agency and design-mode thinking, two competencies beyond the traditional scopes of schooling. In this paper, we discuss the need for learning analytics to support these two competencies, and more broadly, the demand for education for innovation. We ground these arguments on a…

  6. Pre-service teachers’ perceived value of general pedagogical knowledge for practice: Relations with epistemic beliefs and source beliefs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosman, Tom; Rueß, Julia; Syring, Marcus; Schneider, Jürgen

    2017-01-01

    Pre-service teachers tend to devalue general pedagogical knowledge (GPK) as a valid source for deriving successful teaching practices. The present study investigated beliefs about knowledge sources and epistemic beliefs as predictors for students’ perceived value of GPK. Three pre-registered hypotheses were tested. We expected beliefs that GPK originates from scientific sources to entail a devaluation of GPK (Hypothesis 1). Concerning epistemic beliefs, we expected absolute beliefs to positively, and multiplistic beliefs to negatively predict pre-service teachers’ perceived practical value of GPK (Hypothesis 2). Finally, we expected relationships between epistemic beliefs and pre-service teachers’ perceived practical value of GPK to be confounded by epistemic trustworthiness, perceived topic-specific consistency and topic-specific familiarity (Hypothesis 3). In a study using a split plot design, 365 pre-service teachers were presented with four texts on different educational research topics. For each topic, three text versions were constructed. Even though they were invariant in content, these versions varied in a way that the results were allegedly generated by a practitioner, an expert or by means of a scientific study. Unexpectedly, results showed that research findings allegedly generated by means of a scientific study were associated with a higher perceived value of (topic-specific) GPK for practice (Hypothesis 1). As expected, the perceived value of GPK for practice was predicted by topic-specific multiplism and domain-specific absolutism (Hypothesis 2). These predictive effects were confounded by expertise evaluations of the source and the consistency of prior beliefs with the presented research results (Hypothesis 3). In summary, our results suggest that source beliefs might not be responsible for the devaluation of GPK, but that beliefs on the nature and structure of GPK (i.e., epistemic beliefs) might play an even more important role in this respect

  7. Pre-service teachers' perceived value of general pedagogical knowledge for practice: Relations with epistemic beliefs and source beliefs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Merk, Samuel; Rosman, Tom; Rueß, Julia; Syring, Marcus; Schneider, Jürgen

    2017-01-01

    Pre-service teachers tend to devalue general pedagogical knowledge (GPK) as a valid source for deriving successful teaching practices. The present study investigated beliefs about knowledge sources and epistemic beliefs as predictors for students' perceived value of GPK. Three pre-registered hypotheses were tested. We expected beliefs that GPK originates from scientific sources to entail a devaluation of GPK (Hypothesis 1). Concerning epistemic beliefs, we expected absolute beliefs to positively, and multiplistic beliefs to negatively predict pre-service teachers' perceived practical value of GPK (Hypothesis 2). Finally, we expected relationships between epistemic beliefs and pre-service teachers' perceived practical value of GPK to be confounded by epistemic trustworthiness, perceived topic-specific consistency and topic-specific familiarity (Hypothesis 3). In a study using a split plot design, 365 pre-service teachers were presented with four texts on different educational research topics. For each topic, three text versions were constructed. Even though they were invariant in content, these versions varied in a way that the results were allegedly generated by a practitioner, an expert or by means of a scientific study. Unexpectedly, results showed that research findings allegedly generated by means of a scientific study were associated with a higher perceived value of (topic-specific) GPK for practice (Hypothesis 1). As expected, the perceived value of GPK for practice was predicted by topic-specific multiplism and domain-specific absolutism (Hypothesis 2). These predictive effects were confounded by expertise evaluations of the source and the consistency of prior beliefs with the presented research results (Hypothesis 3). In summary, our results suggest that source beliefs might not be responsible for the devaluation of GPK, but that beliefs on the nature and structure of GPK (i.e., epistemic beliefs) might play an even more important role in this respect

  8. Pre-service teachers' perceived value of general pedagogical knowledge for practice: Relations with epistemic beliefs and source beliefs.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Merk

    Full Text Available Pre-service teachers tend to devalue general pedagogical knowledge (GPK as a valid source for deriving successful teaching practices. The present study investigated beliefs about knowledge sources and epistemic beliefs as predictors for students' perceived value of GPK. Three pre-registered hypotheses were tested. We expected beliefs that GPK originates from scientific sources to entail a devaluation of GPK (Hypothesis 1. Concerning epistemic beliefs, we expected absolute beliefs to positively, and multiplistic beliefs to negatively predict pre-service teachers' perceived practical value of GPK (Hypothesis 2. Finally, we expected relationships between epistemic beliefs and pre-service teachers' perceived practical value of GPK to be confounded by epistemic trustworthiness, perceived topic-specific consistency and topic-specific familiarity (Hypothesis 3. In a study using a split plot design, 365 pre-service teachers were presented with four texts on different educational research topics. For each topic, three text versions were constructed. Even though they were invariant in content, these versions varied in a way that the results were allegedly generated by a practitioner, an expert or by means of a scientific study. Unexpectedly, results showed that research findings allegedly generated by means of a scientific study were associated with a higher perceived value of (topic-specific GPK for practice (Hypothesis 1. As expected, the perceived value of GPK for practice was predicted by topic-specific multiplism and domain-specific absolutism (Hypothesis 2. These predictive effects were confounded by expertise evaluations of the source and the consistency of prior beliefs with the presented research results (Hypothesis 3. In summary, our results suggest that source beliefs might not be responsible for the devaluation of GPK, but that beliefs on the nature and structure of GPK (i.e., epistemic beliefs might play an even more important role in this

  9. Subjuntivo y referencia. un modelo explicativo y pedagógico para la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priego-Casanova, Luis

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available El modo subjuntivo es uno de los aspectos de la gramática española más complejos de describir y uno de los mayores problemas en el aula de español como lengua extranjera (ELE. Así lo confirma nuestra prueba diagnóstica realizada entre alumnos sinohablantes de origen taiwanés, en la que 21 de los 35 encuestados cometieron más de un 31% de errores. Con el fin de aportar una solución para este problema, en el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo explicativo y pedagógico del subjuntivo para el nivel B1 (MCER desde una perspectiva pragmática. Así, se describe el subjuntivo como un operador referencial de la información según tres contextos prototípicos de referencia (tanto endofórica como exofórica. Estos tres contextos referenciales permiten explicar y explotar pedagógicamente, de una manera novedosa y operativa, diez funciones comunicativas de uso del subjuntivo, que sintetizan las 34 funciones del lenguaje descritas en el PCIC para el nivel B1 de E/LE.

  10. Epistemically Virtuous Risk Management : Financial Due Diligence and Uncovering the Madoff Fraud

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Bruin, Boudewijn; Luetge, Christoph; Jauernig, Johanna

    2014-01-01

    The chapter analyses how Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi scheme was uncovered by Harry Markopolos, an employee of Rampart Investment Management, LLC, and the contribution of so-called epistemic virtues to Markopolos’ success. After Rampart had informed the firm about an allegedly highly successful hedge fund

  11. Aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties in sampling based nuclear data uncertainty and sensitivity analyses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zwermann, W.; Krzykacz-Hausmann, B.; Gallner, L.; Klein, M.; Pautz, A.; Velkov, K.

    2012-01-01

    Sampling based uncertainty and sensitivity analyses due to epistemic input uncertainties, i.e. to an incomplete knowledge of uncertain input parameters, can be performed with arbitrary application programs to solve the physical problem under consideration. For the description of steady-state particle transport, direct simulations of the microscopic processes with Monte Carlo codes are often used. This introduces an additional source of uncertainty, the aleatoric sampling uncertainty, which is due to the randomness of the simulation process performed by sampling, and which adds to the total combined output sampling uncertainty. So far, this aleatoric part of uncertainty is minimized by running a sufficiently large number of Monte Carlo histories for each sample calculation, thus making its impact negligible as compared to the impact from sampling the epistemic uncertainties. Obviously, this process may cause high computational costs. The present paper shows that in many applications reliable epistemic uncertainty results can also be obtained with substantially lower computational effort by performing and analyzing two appropriately generated series of samples with much smaller number of Monte Carlo histories each. The method is applied along with the nuclear data uncertainty and sensitivity code package XSUSA in combination with the Monte Carlo transport code KENO-Va to various critical assemblies and a full scale reactor calculation. It is shown that the proposed method yields output uncertainties and sensitivities equivalent to the traditional approach, with a high reduction of computing time by factors of the magnitude of 100. (authors)

  12. Epistemic injustice in dementia and autism patient organizations: An empirical analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jongsma, Karin; Spaeth, Elisabeth; Schicktanz, Silke

    2017-01-01

    Patient organizations (POs) represent patient collectives in health care policy. The inclusion of people with a 'neuro-psychiatric' condition poses a particular challenge for the organizational processes and political representation of such collectives. In recent years, new POs (POs of) have been established in the field of autism spectrum disorder and dementia that advocate a different agenda and have a different organizational structure than traditional POs (POs for). The divide between these two types of POs indicates a different standpoint with regard to who should be included on an organizational level, which voices are accepted and who should represent these voices on the political level. The inclusion and exclusion of voices needs to be normatively justified in order to be regarded legitimate representation of such a collective. With the help of Miranda Fricker's theory of epistemic injustice, we scrutinize whether and, if so, which types of epistemic injustices (wrongdoings to a person as a knower) can be found within POs' practices and the political field in which they operate, by analyzing 37 interviews with PO representatives, their members and policy makers. Our in-depth analysis indicates that persistent stereotypes hamper the inclusion of affected members both within POs and on the health political level. Being affected causes distrust in having the 'capacity to know' in a two-fold way; it is assumed that those who can represent themselves are "not affected enough" to present valuable insights into the condition and those who have difficulties to express themselves due to their condition are excluded because of their affectedness. We conclude that our analysis of the epistemic practices of POs serves as a good starting point to address these shortcomings from a theoretical and practical perspective and offers a valuable starting point for bioethics to understand unjust structures in the health political context.

  13. Seeing is Believing: Formalising False-Belief Tasks in Dynamic Epistemic Logic

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bolander, Thomas

    2014-01-01

    In this paper we show how to formalise false-belief tasks like the Sally-Anne task and the second-order chocolate task in Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL). False-belief tasks are used to test the strength of the Theory of Mind (ToM) of humans, that is, a human’s ability to attribute mental states...

  14. An engineering paradigm in the biomedical sciences: Knowledge as epistemic tool.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boon, Mieke

    2017-10-01

    In order to deal with the complexity of biological systems and attempts to generate applicable results, current biomedical sciences are adopting concepts and methods from the engineering sciences. Philosophers of science have interpreted this as the emergence of an engineering paradigm, in particular in systems biology and synthetic biology. This article aims at the articulation of the supposed engineering paradigm by contrast with the physics paradigm that supported the rise of biochemistry and molecular biology. This articulation starts from Kuhn's notion of a disciplinary matrix, which indicates what constitutes a paradigm. It is argued that the core of the physics paradigm is its metaphysical and ontological presuppositions, whereas the core of the engineering paradigm is the epistemic aim of producing useful knowledge for solving problems external to the scientific practice. Therefore, the two paradigms involve distinct notions of knowledge. Whereas the physics paradigm entails a representational notion of knowledge, the engineering paradigm involves the notion of 'knowledge as epistemic tool'. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Geralt of Poland: The Witcher 3 Between Epistemic Disobedience and Imperial Nostalgia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomasz Z. Majkowski

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This article is a reading of 'The Witcher 3' in relation to postcolonial approaches to Polish culture. It departs from an analysis of an online debate on racial representation in the game as a possible act of epistemic disobedience, and moves on to a consideration of three narrative aspects of the game itself: its representation of political struggle, the ideological stance of the protagonist, and ethnic inspirations in worldbuilding. By referring those three issues to postcolonial analyses of Polish culture, as well as Walter D. Mignolo’s concept of decolonization through epistemic disobedience, this article aims to demonstrate paradoxical qualities of the game, which tries to simultaneously distance itself from the established, West-oriented ways of knowledge production and gain recognition as an artifact of modern Western pop culture. Moreover, it employs the tradition of Polish Romanticism to establish itself as a bridge between Slavdom and Western culture, and strengthen the colonial idea of Poland being the proper ruler over Slavs.

  16. Epistemic characteristics of Mapuche educational methods

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    Daniel Quilaqueo Rapimán

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This article presents the main epistemic characteristics of the educational methods used in Mapuche family education in communities in the Araucanía region, in Chile. The concept of epistemology is considered with regards to the production of practical, technical, symbolical and spiritual knowledge, as an epistemological critique of the monocultural nature of the school curriculum. The methodology used is qualitative research, based on Grounded Theory; the results shed light on the educational methods used in the learning and teaching of content relating to individuals and society, the setting in time and place, and spatial awareness. It is concluded that this kind of education is organized considering distinctive methods formulated on the basis of the rationale of Mapuche educational knowledge.

  17. Conceptualising the Epistemic Dimension of Academic Identity in an Age of Neo-Liberalism

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adam, Raoul J.

    2012-01-01

    This paper explores the epistemic dimension of neoliberalism in the context of higher education. Much critical commentary depicts neoliberalism negatively in terms of knowledge commodification, marketisation, productivity agendas, accountability regimes, bureaucratisation, economic rationalism and micro-managerialism. The paper offers a conceptual…

  18. Exploring the Epistemic Impacts of Academic Performance Indicators in the Life Sciences

    Science.gov (United States)

    Müller, Ruth; de Rijcke, Sarah

    2017-01-01

    While quantitative performance indicators are widely used by organizations and individuals for evaluative purposes, little is known about their impacts on the epistemic processes of academic knowledge production. In this article we bring together three qualitative research projects undertaken in the Netherlands and Austria to contribute to filling…

  19. LAS BITÁCORAS ELECTRÓNICAS, O BLOGS, Y SU UTILIZACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA COMPETENCIA COMUNICATIVA: SÍNTESIS DE UNA EXPERIENCIA EN LA FORMACIÓN DE DOCENTES DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga Ligia Solano Córdoba

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, a partir del análisis del impacto del Internet en los procesos de aprendizaje y en la vida cotidiana de la juventud costarricense, se expone una experiencia en la utilización de bitácoras electrónicas o "blogs" para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Esta experiencia consistió en la creación de bitácoras electrónicas o "blogs", en forma grupal, para la elaboración y difusión de una indagación sobre varias temáticas de la realidad centroamericana. Se llevó a cabo durante el primer semestre de 2008 con estudiantes del curso Expresión Escrita I perteneciente al Bachillerato en Educación Primara de la Escuela de Formación Docente de la Universidad de Costa Rica. A partir de la experiencia descrita, se promueve la reflexión y la inquietud sobre las posibilidades que brinda Internet, específicamente la Web 2.0, para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Se concluye que la utilización de bitácoras electrónicas o "blogs", permitió innovar procesos educativos y generar contextos significativos para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa.

  20. Epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in integrated deterministic and probabilistic safety assessment: Tradeoff between accuracy and accident simulations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karanki, D.R.; Rahman, S.; Dang, V.N.; Zerkak, O.

    2017-01-01

    The coupling of plant simulation models and stochastic models representing failure events in Dynamic Event Trees (DET) is a framework used to model the dynamic interactions among physical processes, equipment failures, and operator responses. The integration of physical and stochastic models may additionally enhance the treatment of uncertainties. Probabilistic Safety Assessments as currently implemented propagate the (epistemic) uncertainties in failure probabilities, rates, and frequencies; while the uncertainties in the physical model (parameters) are not propagated. The coupling of deterministic (physical) and probabilistic models in integrated simulations such as DET allows both types of uncertainties to be considered. However, integrated accident simulations with epistemic uncertainties will challenge even today's high performance computing infrastructure, especially for simulations of inherently complex nuclear or chemical plants. Conversely, intentionally limiting computations for practical reasons would compromise accuracy of results. This work investigates how to tradeoff accuracy and computations to quantify risk in light of both uncertainties and accident dynamics. A simple depleting tank problem that can be solved analytically is considered to examine the adequacy of a discrete DET approach. The results show that optimal allocation of computational resources between epistemic and aleatory calculations by means of convergence studies ensures accuracy within a limited budget. - Highlights: • Accident simulations considering uncertainties require intensive computations. • Tradeoff between accuracy and accident simulations is a challenge. • Optimal allocation between epistemic & aleatory computations ensures the tradeoff. • Online convergence gives an early indication of computational requirements. • Uncertainty propagation in DDET is examined on a tank problem solved analytically.

  1. Estrategia correctiva para la competencia comunicativa del maestro cursillista de la Maestría de amplio acceso de la Educación Primaria

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    Cecilia M. Correa Crespo

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Se aborda una temática importante para la preparación de los maestros cursillistas de la Maestría de amplio acceso de la Mención de Educación Primaria, el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas. Considerando las insuficiencias que se presentan en este sentido, se hace una propuesta de intervención para el perfeccionamiento de las habilidades antes mencionadas.

  2. A dynamic-epistemic hybrid logic for intentions and information changes in strategic games

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Roy, O.

    2009-01-01

    In this paper I present a dynamic-epistemic hybrid logic for reasoning about information and intention changes in situations of strategic interaction. I provide a complete axiomatization for this logic, and then use it to study intentions-based transformations of decision problems.

  3. Autismo: um estudo de habilidades comunicativas em crianças Autism: a study on communicative abilities in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lílian Dantas Campelo

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: analisar as habilidades comunicativas verbais e não-verbais de crianças autistas. MÉTODOS: foram selecionadas seis crianças com o diagnóstico de atraso de linguagem secundário a autismo, submetidas à terapia fonoaudiológica em uma clínica escola de uma universidade privada da cidade do Recife. As crianças foram observadas em duas sessões de terapia, que foram gravadas em fita VHS para posterior análise e discussão. A análise foi baseada no uso do protocolo de observação pertencente ao ABFW, que contempla os meios e funções comunicativas. RESULTADOS: em detrimento dos meios vocais e verbais, o meio gestual apareceu com maior frequência nos atos comunicativos. Os gestos, mesmo constituindo uma forma de comunicação não verbal, demonstraram, muitas vezes, expressar intenções dos sujeitos. Com relação às funções comunicativas, pôde-se concluir que houve uma grande variedade das mesmas, porém, entre as vinte funções investigadas, apenas poucas se destacaram. Entre elas, apareceram, predominantemente, as funções não-focalizadas, protesto, exploratória e reativa. CONCLUSÃO: foi possível verificar que as crianças investigadas utilizam formas funcionais de comunicação nos diferentes contextos situacionais, entre as habilidades verbais e não-verbais, aspectos considerados essenciais para a proposição de recursos na intervenção fonoaudiológica.PURPOSE: to evaluate the verbal and non-verbal communicative abilities in autist children. METHODS: six children was selected with the diagnostic of language delay secondary to autism, submitted to speech therapy in a school-clinic of a University private from Recife. The children were monitored in therapy sessions, and these was stored in VHS tape for posterior analysis and discussion. The analysis was based on the use of ABFW observation protocol, which analyses the communicative means and functions. RESULTS: among the acts, the gestures appeared with major

  4. Adaptação sócio-comunicativa no espectro autístico: dados obtidos com pais e terapeutas Social communicative adaptation in the autistic spectrum: data provided by parents and therapists

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priscilla Faria Sousa-Morato

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a efetividade da aplicação do protocolo de adaptação sócio-comunicativa a diferentes fontes de informação, neste caso, pais e terapeutas, na identificação de diferenças individuais em crianças com Distúrbios do Espectro Autístico. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 48 crianças, entre três anos e 11 anos e dez meses de idade, com diagnóstico clínico incluído no espectro autístico. Foram também sujeitos deste trabalho, 46 mães e dois pais, bem como 15 terapeutas, responsáveis legais e pelo atendimento fonoaudiológico especializado, respectivamente, das mesmas crianças, por um período mínimo de aproximadamente 12 meses, sendo que estes participaram respondendo a um questionário sobre o relacionamento social das crianças, sujeitos deste estudo. RESULTADOS: Genericamente, pode-se dizer que as respostas sobre a adaptação sócio-comunicativa, obtidas por meio de diferentes fontes de informação, ou seja, pais e terapeutas foram semelhantes. Entretanto, analisando os dados brutos observa-se que os pais apresentaram consistentemente um número maior de respostas positivas do que as terapeutas, para as questões relativas ao desempenho social. CONCLUSÃO: O estabelecimento de dados de adaptação sócio-comunicativa pode caracterizar esta população, demonstrando que este instrumento pode ser aplicado a diferentes informantes; as respostas dadas pelos mesmos foram homogêneas, reforçando a fidedignidade dos dados, apesar de existirem diferenças significativas na comparação entre os níveis e estágios sócio-comunicativos. A aplicação do questionário e protocolo de adaptação sócio-comunicativa a diferentes informantes pode fornecer um resultado bastante homogêneo, sendo possível realizar de forma fidedigna a caracterização das habilidades de relacionamento social dessas crianças.PURPOSE: To verify if the application of the social-communicative adaptation protocol with different

  5. Eye movements reveal epistemic curiosity in human observers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baranes, Adrien; Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves; Gottlieb, Jacqueline

    2015-12-01

    Saccadic (rapid) eye movements are primary means by which humans and non-human primates sample visual information. However, while saccadic decisions are intensively investigated in instrumental contexts where saccades guide subsequent actions, it is largely unknown how they may be influenced by curiosity - the intrinsic desire to learn. While saccades are sensitive to visual novelty and visual surprise, no study has examined their relation to epistemic curiosity - interest in symbolic, semantic information. To investigate this question, we tracked the eye movements of human observers while they read trivia questions and, after a brief delay, were visually given the answer. We show that higher curiosity was associated with earlier anticipatory orienting of gaze toward the answer location without changes in other metrics of saccades or fixations, and that these influences were distinct from those produced by variations in confidence and surprise. Across subjects, the enhancement of anticipatory gaze was correlated with measures of trait curiosity from personality questionnaires. Finally, a machine learning algorithm could predict curiosity in a cross-subject manner, relying primarily on statistical features of the gaze position before the answer onset and independently of covariations in confidence or surprise, suggesting potential practical applications for educational technologies, recommender systems and research in cognitive sciences. With this article, we provide full access to the annotated database allowing readers to reproduce the results. Epistemic curiosity produces specific effects on oculomotor anticipation that can be used to read out curiosity states. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  6. Forensic culture as epistemic culture: the sociology of forensic science.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cole, Simon A

    2013-03-01

    This paper explores whether we can interpret the notion of 'forensic culture' as something akin to what Knorr-Cetina called an 'epistemic culture'. Can we speak of a 'forensic culture', and, if so, how is it similar to, or different from, other epistemic cultures that exist in what is conventionally called 'science'? This question has important policy implications given the National Academy Science's (NAS) recent identification of 'culture' as one of the problems at the root of what it identified as 'serious deficiencies' in U.S. forensic science and 'scientific culture' as an antidote to those problems. Finding the NAS's characterisation of 'scientific culture' overly general and naïve, this paper offers a preliminary exploration of what might be called a 'forensic culture'. Specifically, the paper explores the way in which few of the empirical findings accumulated by sociologists of science about research science seem to apply to forensic science. Instead, forensic science seems to have developed a distinct culture for which a sociological analysis will require new explanatory tools. Faithful sociological analysis of 'forensic culture' will be a necessary prerequisite for the kind of culture change prescribed by external reformist bodies like the NAS. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  7. Cultura de masas. La colonización comunicativa y la transculturización en el pensamiento de Manuel Martín Serrano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita María Gómez G

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Para el profesor Serrano la apertura de las comunidades a los intercambios comunicativos, usando los medios de comunicación hoy soportados también en las tecnologías electrónicas, aún no han cumplido y en cambio esta mediación comunicativa ha acelerado y consolidado lo que él llama "estrategia colonial" e "influencias inasimilación"; práctica que ahora denominamos transculturización.

  8. Invention through bricolage: epistemic engineering in scientific communities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander James Gillett

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available It is widely recognised that knowledge accumulation is an important aspect of scientific communities. In this essay, drawing on a range of material from theoretical biology and behavioural science, I discuss a particular aspect of the intergenerational nature of human communities – “virtual collaboration” (Tomasello 1999 – and how it can lead to epistemic progress without any explicit intentional creativity (Henrich 2016. My aim in this paper is to make this work relevant to theorists working on the social structures of science so that these processes can be utilised and optimised in scientific communities.

  9. Determinism and Underdetermination in Genetics: Implications for Students' Engagement in Argumentation and Epistemic Practices

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiménez-Aleixandre, María Pilar

    2014-02-01

    In the last two decades science studies and science education research have shifted from an interest in products (of science or of learning), to an interest in processes and practices. The focus of this paper is on students' engagement in epistemic practices (Kelly in Teaching scientific inquiry: Recommendations for research and implementation. Sense Publishers, Rotterdam, pp 99-117, 2008), or on their practical epistemologies (Wickman in Sci Educ 88(3):325-344, 2004). In order to support these practices in genetics classrooms we need to take into account domain-specific features of the epistemology of genetics, in particular issues about determinism and underdetermination. I suggest that certain difficulties may be related to the specific nature of causality in genetics, and in particular to the correspondence between a given set of factors and a range of potential effects, rather than a single one. The paper seeks to bring together recent developments in the epistemology of biology and of genetics, on the one hand, with science education approaches about epistemic practices, on the other. The implications of these perspectives for current challenges in learning genetics are examined, focusing on students' engagement in epistemic practices, as argumentation, understood as using evidence to evaluate knowledge claims. Engaging in argumentation in genetics classrooms is intertwined with practices such as using genetics models to build explanations, or framing genetics issues in their social context. These challenges are illustrated with studies making part of our research program in the USC.

  10. Verbal markers of epistemic modality and their role in the development of communicative competences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barbara Pihler Ciglič

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Modality in language, one of the characteristic phenomena of the process of communication, has to do with, in the broad sense, the mindset that the speaker indicates in his words while describing, questioning, or wanting to draw attention to what he is saying. Traditionally there is a tendency to gather, under the broad label of linguistic modality, a variety of different forms: verbal mode, auxiliary verbs, certain adverbs and particles, intonation, etc. The aim of this study is to analyze the Spanish verbal markers and their possibilities to express epistemic modality, which is defined as the linguistic expression of the degree of commitment that the speaker assumes about the factuality of his statement (Lyons 1977, Palmer 1986. The study focuses, first, on modal verbal periphrases and some of the tenses which can indicate the epistemic modality and/or evidentiality in certain contexts through the so-called »quotative« or »polyphonic« uses. The second part of this study consists of an analysis of the systematization of these resources in six selected manuals of Spanish as a Second Language (SSL; levels B1, B2 and C1 according to CEFR, with special attention to its contribution to the development of communicative competences (linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic competence, again according to CEFR. We believe that the explicit study of epistemic modality in the SSL classroom effectively contributes to a good command of Spanish, and therefore deserves more attention.

  11. La enseñanza del español como lengua vehicular en contextos académicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pastor Cesteros, Susana

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available La enseñanza de segundas lenguas para fines académicos constituye, junto con los profesionales, uno de los dos ámbitos de actuación de la denominada enseñanza para fines específicos. En este artículo abordamos las claves del aprendizaje de la lengua meta no ya desde una perspectiva comunicativa general, sino como lengua de instrucción a través de la que los alumnos no nativos, en contexto de inmersión, aprenden las materias de estudio que establece su currículo. Y ello tanto por lo que se refiere al uso de la lengua en el ámbito universitario (tipos de texto, léxico especializado, entornos de aprendizaje, como en el contexto de la enseñanza secundaria. En el primer caso, su importancia es indudable, dado el elevado número de estudiantes extranjeros que llegan a nuestras universidades y su previsible incremento con el proceso de convergencia europea. En el segundo, la presente propuesta se inserta en la línea de la enseñanza de la lengua a alumnos inmigrantes, si bien en lo que tiene que ver con el aprendizaje del español académico.

  12. Observación y análisis de la competencia comunicativa en el aula: un caso en educación artística = Observation and assessment of the communicative competence in the clasroom: a case study in art education

    OpenAIRE

    Alsina i Tarrés, Miquel; Cañabate Ortiz, Dolors; Godoy i Tomàs, Joan de la Creu

    2013-01-01

    En este artículo se plantea una revisión de las competencias comunicativas en el aula de primaria a la luz de la acción didáctica. Con esta finalidad, y en sintonía con el nuevo currículum, se elabora un estudio de la competencia comunicativa ampliando la conceptualización habitualmente restringida a parámetros relativos a la expresión oral y escrita. Con este fin, se formulan los indicadores para la evaluación de la competencia y se confecciona un instrumento para su observación y análisis. ...

  13. Secondary School Students' Epistemic Insight into the Relationships Between Science and Religion—A Preliminary Enquiry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Billingsley, Berry; Taber, Keith; Riga, Fran; Newdick, Helen

    2013-08-01

    A number of previous studies have shown that there is a widespread view among young people that science and religion are opposed. In this paper, we suggest that it requires a significant level of what can be termed "epistemic insight" to access the idea that some people see science and religion as compatible while others do not. To explore this further, we draw on previous work to devise a methodology to discover students' thinking about apparent contradictions between scientific and religious explanations of the origins of the universe. In our discussion of the findings, we highlight that students' epistemic insight in this context does seem in many cases to be limited and we outline some of the issues emerging from the study that seem to boost or limit students' progress in this area.

  14. Hacia una ubicación conceptual de Internet como medio de comunicación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Pérez Salazar

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El campo académico de la comunicación sigue enfrentando una serie de retos en lo relativo a su desarrollo disciplinar. Desde una perspecti- va epistemológica, la construcción de su objeto de estudio ha presentado algunos pendientes conceptuales, que permitirían plantear una re- exión más sólida en cuanto a la consideración de nuevas tecnologías que posibilitan actos co- municativos, dentro del conjunto de los media . El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de brindar elementos que contribuyen al fortalecimiento de esta categoría, ante la consolidación de Internet como innovación que ofrece posibilidades de interacción comunicativa nunca antes presentes en medio alguno, tanto por la compresión espa- cio-temporal que supone, como por las estructura rizomáticas a través de las cuales uye la informa- ción. Se argumentará que Internet es un medio de comunicación con posibilidades expresivas y de difusión, en buena medida, a partir de los usos sociales que se hacen del sustento hipertextual que posibilita la operación de uno de sus entornos más frecuentemente utilizados con intenciones comu- nicativas: la World Wide Web .

  15. Gestão comunicativa para redes cooperativas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação em saúde

    OpenAIRE

    Wagner de Jesus Martins; Elizabeth Artmann; Francisco Javier Uribe Rivera

    2012-01-01

    O objetivo do artigo foi propor um modelo de gestão comunicativa de redes para o Sistema de Inovação em Saúde. Para isso discute-se o complexo produtivo da saúde em sua relação com o desenvolvimento e apresentam-se algumas sugestões para o formato mais operacional da proposta. Utilizaram-se teóricos da linguagem, especialmente Habermas, e exemplos de outros países. Enfoques comunicativos e de negociação de compromissos, que ajudam a criar formas de coordenação e consensos fundamentados na arg...

  16. Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment - Part 1: A review of the issues

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beven, K. J.; Aspinall, W. P.; Bates, P. D.; Borgomeo, E.; Goda, K.; Hall, J. W.; Page, T.; Phillips, J. C.; Rougier, J. T.; Simpson, M.; Stephenson, D. B.; Smith, P. J.; Wagener, T.; Watson, M.

    2015-12-01

    Uncertainties in natural hazard risk assessment are generally dominated by the sources arising from lack of knowledge or understanding of the processes involved. There is a lack of knowledge about frequencies, process representations, parameters, present and future boundary conditions, consequences and impacts, and the meaning of observations in evaluating simulation models. These are the epistemic uncertainties that can be difficult to constrain, especially in terms of event or scenario probabilities, even as elicited probabilities rationalized on the basis of expert judgements. This paper reviews the issues raised by trying to quantify the effects of epistemic uncertainties. Such scientific uncertainties might have significant influence on decisions that are made for risk management, so it is important to communicate the meaning of an uncertainty estimate and to provide an audit trail of the assumptions on which it is based. Some suggestions for good practice in doing so are made.

  17. El consumo: forma de identificación socio-comunicativa hegemónica en el marco del capitalismo como religión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Eugenia Boito

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Estas reflexões são orientadas para definir características e dinâmicas associadas ao consumo como forma hegemônica de identificação, que refere-se aos sujeitos de uma forma trans-classe. Primeiro, começamos com as considerações benjaminianas que caracterizam o capitalismo como religião. Em seguida, identificar seu trabalho sobre o sensível, o que expõe as formas de empobrecimento da experiência, associadas com a fantasmagoria da mercadoria e formas/forças de sonho/morte, típicas da pulsão capitalista. Finalmente identificamos momentos das práticas que invertem e cortam a materialidade da cena de idolatria na já mencionada experiência do consumo; interstícios em que se detém a demoníaca circulação / adaptação / fixação de homens para coisas.

  18. Overmathematisation in game theory : pitting the Nash Equilibrium Refinement Programme against the Epistemic Programme

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Bruin, Boudewijn

    The paper argues that the Nash Equilibrium Refinement Programme was less successful than its competitor, the Epistemic Programme (Interactive Epistemology). The prime criterion of success is the extent to which the programmes were able to reach the key objective guiding non-cooperative game theory

  19. Discurso e mobilização social no contexto das tecnologias interativas: a emergência de múltiplas esferas argumentativas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edson Fernando Dalmonte

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available  Discute a emergência de múltiplas esferas argumentativas no contexto das tecnologias interativas. Ao lado do jornalismo, representante da mídia tradicional, colocam-se as redes sociais, expressão de uma mídia social, que inclui o indivíduo como agente ativo nos processos discursivos. A partir dos atos de fala, discute a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa habermasiana, marcando a distinção entre ação comunicativa, orientada ao entendimento, e ação estratégica, orientada ao êxito. Toma como objeto empírico o Movimento DESOCUPA!, que ocorreu na cidade de Salvador, Bahia.  

  20. Meaningful main effects or intriguing interactions? Examining the influences of epistemic beliefs and knowledge representations on cognitive processing and conceptual change when learning physics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franco, Gina M.

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of epistemic beliefs and knowledge representations in cognitive and metacognitive processing and conceptual change when learning about physics concepts through text. Specifically, I manipulated the representation of physics concepts in texts about Newtonian mechanics and explored how these texts interacted with individuals' epistemic beliefs to facilitate or constrain learning. In accordance with definitions from Royce's (1983) framework of psychological epistemology, texts were developed to present Newtonian concepts in either a rational or a metaphorical format. Seventy-five undergraduate students completed questionnaires designed to measure their epistemic beliefs and their misconceptions about Newton's laws of motion. Participants then read the first of two instructional texts (in either a rational or metaphorical format), and were asked to think aloud while reading. After reading the text, participants completed a recall task and a post-test of selected items regarding Newtonian concepts. These steps were repeated with a second instructional text (in either a rational or metaphorical format, depending on which format was assigned previously). Participants' think-aloud sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and then blindly coded, and their recalls were scored for total number of correctly recalled ideas from the text. Changes in misconceptions were analyzed by examining changes in participants' responses to selected questions about Newtonian concepts from pretest to posttest. Results revealed that when individuals' epistemic beliefs were congruent with the knowledge representations in their assigned texts, they performed better on both online measures of learning (e.g., use of processing strategies) and offline products of learning (e.g., text recall, changes in misconceptions) than when their epistemic beliefs were incongruent with the knowledge representations. These results have implications for how

  1. Complexity as AN Epistemic Revolution: Considerations on the New Science in the Context of Western Intellectual History

    Science.gov (United States)

    Popolo, Damian

    The paper will seek to present a genesis of complexity in European philosophical thought. Following the works of Gleick and Hobsbawn it is possible to discern the emergence of complexity's ethos in the `age of revolutions'. Gleick, for example, has noted the influence of natural philosophy on the first precursors of chaos theory. Natural philosophy itself was deeply anchored in German romanticism. The paper will thus seek to present, following Foucault, an `Archaeology of Complexity' which considers Foucault's definition of epistemes as evolving modes of thought. In particular, the paper will seek to use Foucault's description of the modern episteme in order to detect the novelty inherent within the ethos of Complexity.

  2. Un procedimiento generalizado para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en trabajadores sociales que estudian Comunicación Social

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iliana Concepción García

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available La universalización de la educación superior revoca criterios elitistas del acceso a la universidad y desde un enfoque positivo del ser humano y de sus posibilidades ilimitadas de crecimiento personal, concreta la presunción de la cultura como derecho universal. La pertinencia del modelo pedagógico diseñado en Cuba al respecto, constituye un elemento cuestionado en diversas partes del mundo. Los trabajadores sociales constituyen una de sus fuentes de ingreso más importante. La contradicción que se expresa entre la unidad del modelo del profesional y la diversidad donde este se ejecuta viene a resolverse a partir de un procedimiento generalizado de resolución de problemas profesionales para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en trabajadores sociales que estudian la carrera de Comunicación Social en las sedes universitarias municipalesSummaryUniversalization of higher education revokes elitist criteria of the access to the university and it concretes the presumption of culture as universal right from a positive approach of the human being and from its unlimited possibilities. The relevance of the pedagogical model designed in Cuba, related to this, constitutes an element questioned in different parts of the world. Social workers constitute one of the most important sources of income. The contradiction expressed between the unit of the model of professional and the diversity where it is executed is solved from a professional procedure generalized of troubleshooting for the development of the communicative competence in social workers that study Social Communication in the municipal university headquarters.

  3. Efeitos de sentido em discursos educacionais contemporâneos: a figura falaciosa da liberdade como promessa de redenção Effects of meaning in contemporary educational discourses: the fallacious figure of liberty as promise of redemption

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Corrêa Henning

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Este texto toma a Liberdade, uma das bandeiras da Revolução Francesa, como figuras emblemáticas da episteme moderna que sustenta a produção de um determinado sujeito moral. Para isso, examina alguns fragmentos de teses de doutorado defendidas em 2006 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos. Com Friedrich Nietzsche e Michel Foucault problematiza o conceito de liberdade, demarcando a guerra como condição de possibilidade para constituição de práticas de liberdade. Interessa-se por mostrar alguns potenciais efeitos desses discursos sobre a educação. Para isso, toma a crítica nietzscheana da liberdade em sua dupla vertente: a liberdade de pensar e a liberdade de querer, ambas inscritas no preconceito fundamental da unidade da consciência. De Foucault serve-se de sua crítica ao Iluminismo com ampla penetração em todo o ideário moderno e fortemente presente na educação. Com sua noção de práticas de liberdade, o artigo problematiza esse emblema moderno como um recurso de pensamento que, longe de funcionar como uma redenção do pensamento ou da vontade, é uma possibilidade diante da construção de nossa vida como obra estética. Com isso, busca evidenciar traços da episteme moderna que, ainda hoje, serve de solo positivo para composição da moral operada pela Educação.This text takes Liberty, one of the flags of the French Revolution, as an emblematic figure of modern episteme, which gives support to the production of a particular moral subject. For that, it examines parts of doctoral theses presented in 2006 to the Graduate Program in Education Studies of the University of Vale dos Sinos (Unisinos. With Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault, it problematizes the concept of liberty, establishing war as the condition of possibility for the constitution of practices of freedom. It is concerned with showing some of the potential effects of these discourses upon

  4. La competencia comunicativa intercultural en la enseñanza de E/LE a través de la videocomunicación por web

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jenny García Devís

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available En estas últimas décadas estamos asistiendo a una revolución tecnológica que ha cambiado nuestra forma de percibir y enfrentarnos al mundo que nos rodea. Todos los aspectos de nuestra vida cotidiana se han visto afectados por la aparición de Internet y el acceso masivo al ordenador personal, herramientas que han facilitado y agilizado las transacciones comerciales, las relaciones comunicativas, la investigación científica, etc.

  5. La verdad comunicativa como reto creativo en Karl Jaspers.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Arizpe

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available This new approach to Jaspers' communicative truth as a creative challenge is focused on an analysis of the diverse modes of truth grasped by the self, first as an empirical conciousness, then as a free Existenz. This enables to develop a transcendent methodology to grow in freedom and enhances the horizons of the self integrating him to Trascendence, in a concrete tempo-spacial reference by means of game. This game becomes as open and challenging as he is capable to grasp truth in all its profoundness.

  6. La verdad comunicativa como reto creativo en Karl Jaspers.

    OpenAIRE

    Paula Arizpe

    2013-01-01

    This new approach to Jaspers' communicative truth as a creative challenge is focused on an analysis of the diverse modes of truth grasped by the self, first as an empirical conciousness, then as a free Existenz. This enables to develop a transcendent methodology to grow in freedom and enhances the horizons of the self integrating him to Trascendence, in a concrete tempo-spacial reference by means of game. This game becomes as open and challenging as he is capable to grasp truth in all its pro...

  7. The Human and Educational Significance of Honesty as an Epistemic and Moral Virtue

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carr, David

    2014-01-01

    While honesty is clearly a virtue of some educational as well as moral significance, its virtue-ethical status is far from clear. In this essay, following some discussion of latter-day virtue ethics and virtue epistemology, David Carr argues that honesty exhibits key features of both moral and epistemic virtue, and, more precisely, that honesty as…

  8. Vulnerable Populations, Social Investigations, and Epistemic Justice in Early Victorian Britain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oz Frankel

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Conducted by royal commissions, select committees and the newly established inspectorates, early Victorian social investigations elaborated formats and procedures of public inquiry that left an enduring impact on modern, liberal public spheres in the English speaking world and beyond. This article revisits a few features of 19th Century official investigations, highlighting the rather diverse and contradictory effects these fact-seeking ventures had on British democratic culture. I argue that even as government inquiries confirmed and strengthen social gradations as well as hierarchies of knowledge and expertise, they nevertheless allowed the British lower classes to participate in official discourse as knowers, not just sufferers, and opened new possibilities for dissent and contestations. I highlight the manner in which the investigation itself rather than any consequent legislation or policy touched upon the administration of justice either by emulating court procedures or in terms of its epistemic labor.Las investigaciones sociales de principio de la época victoriana dirigidas por comisiones reales, comités selectos y las inspecciones que se estaban creando entonces, elaboraron formatos y procedimientos de investigación pública que dejaron un impacto duradero en las esferas públicas modernas y liberales tanto en el mundo angloparlante como fuera de él. Este artículo revisa algunas características de las investigaciones oficiales del siglo XIX, resaltando los efectos diversos y contradictorios que estas iniciativas de búsqueda de hechos tuvieron en la cultura democrática británica. Se defiende que, a pesar de que las investigaciones gubernamentales confirmaron y reforzaron las escalas sociales y las jerarquías de conocimiento y experiencia, permitieron que las clases bajas británicas participaran en el discurso oficial como conocedores y no sólo víctimas, y abrieron nuevas posibilidades de disensión y lucha. Se destaca la

  9. Knowledge cluster formation in Peninsular Malaysia: The emergence of an epistemic landscape

    OpenAIRE

    Evers, Hans-Dieter; Nordin, Ramli; Nienkemper, Pamela

    2010-01-01

    Knowledge clusters are central places within an epistemic landscape, i.e. in a wider structure of knowledge production and dissemination. They have the organisational capability to drive innovations and create new industries. Examples of such organisations in knowledge clusters are universities and colleges, research institutions, think tanks, government research agencies and knowledge-intensive firms with their respective knowledge workers. The following paper will look at Malaysia and it...

  10. Constructive Epistemic Modeling: A Hierarchical Bayesian Model Averaging Method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tsai, F. T. C.; Elshall, A. S.

    2014-12-01

    Constructive epistemic modeling is the idea that our understanding of a natural system through a scientific model is a mental construct that continually develops through learning about and from the model. Using the hierarchical Bayesian model averaging (HBMA) method [1], this study shows that segregating different uncertain model components through a BMA tree of posterior model probabilities, model prediction, within-model variance, between-model variance and total model variance serves as a learning tool [2]. First, the BMA tree of posterior model probabilities permits the comparative evaluation of the candidate propositions of each uncertain model component. Second, systemic model dissection is imperative for understanding the individual contribution of each uncertain model component to the model prediction and variance. Third, the hierarchical representation of the between-model variance facilitates the prioritization of the contribution of each uncertain model component to the overall model uncertainty. We illustrate these concepts using the groundwater modeling of a siliciclastic aquifer-fault system. The sources of uncertainty considered are from geological architecture, formation dip, boundary conditions and model parameters. The study shows that the HBMA analysis helps in advancing knowledge about the model rather than forcing the model to fit a particularly understanding or merely averaging several candidate models. [1] Tsai, F. T.-C., and A. S. Elshall (2013), Hierarchical Bayesian model averaging for hydrostratigraphic modeling: Uncertainty segregation and comparative evaluation. Water Resources Research, 49, 5520-5536, doi:10.1002/wrcr.20428. [2] Elshall, A.S., and F. T.-C. Tsai (2014). Constructive epistemic modeling of groundwater flow with geological architecture and boundary condition uncertainty under Bayesian paradigm, Journal of Hydrology, 517, 105-119, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.027.

  11. Reliability assessment of complex electromechanical systems under epistemic uncertainty

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mi, Jinhua; Li, Yan-Feng; Yang, Yuan-Jian; Peng, Weiwen; Huang, Hong-Zhong

    2016-01-01

    The appearance of macro-engineering and mega-project have led to the increasing complexity of modern electromechanical systems (EMSs). The complexity of the system structure and failure mechanism makes it more difficult for reliability assessment of these systems. Uncertainty, dynamic and nonlinearity characteristics always exist in engineering systems due to the complexity introduced by the changing environments, lack of data and random interference. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the reliability assessment of complex systems. In view of the dynamic characteristics within the system, it makes use of the advantages of the dynamic fault tree (DFT) for characterizing system behaviors. The lifetime of system units can be expressed as bounded closed intervals by incorporating field failures, test data and design expertize. Then the coefficient of variation (COV) method is employed to estimate the parameters of life distributions. An extended probability-box (P-Box) is proposed to convey the present of epistemic uncertainty induced by the incomplete information about the data. By mapping the DFT into an equivalent Bayesian network (BN), relevant reliability parameters and indexes have been calculated. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method is utilized to compute the DFT model with consideration of system replacement policy. The results show that this integrated approach is more flexible and effective for assessing the reliability of complex dynamic systems. - Highlights: • A comprehensive study on the reliability assessment of complex system is presented. • An extended probability-box is proposed to convey the present of epistemic uncertainty. • The dynamic fault tree model is built. • Bayesian network and Monte Carlo simulation methods are used. • The reliability assessment of a complex electromechanical system is performed.

  12. O silêncio é de ouro e a palavra é de prata? Considerações acerca do espaço da oralidade em educação de jovens e adultos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janine Fontes de Souza

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available establecer parámetros comparativos sobre la escrita y la oralidad, con base en los estudios sociolinguísticos. Al mismo tiempo, presenta nuevas perspectivas sobre la pedagogía de la oralidad en la educación de jóvenes y adultos, vinculada a las necesidades comunicativas de los alumnos en la sociedad contemporánea. Enfoca el diálogo, la interacción verbal y la competencia comunicativa como componentes esenciales de la educación linguística. Comprendiendo la habla como herramienta primordial para la expresión de pensamientos, creencias y actitudes, así como espacio de fortalecimiento de identidad y derecho social en la formación de la ciudadanía, las autoras se posicionan de forma crítica sobre las prácticas metodológicas de la enseñanza de la oralidad en las escuelas.

  13. To share or not to share: The role of epistemic belief in online health rumors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chua, Alton Y K; Banerjee, Snehasish

    2017-12-01

    This paper investigates the role of epistemic belief in affecting Internet users' decision to share online health rumors. To delve deeper, it examines how the characteristics of rumors-true or false, textual or pictorial, dread or wish-shape the decision-making among epistemologically naïve and robust users separately. An experiment was conducted. Responses were obtained from 110 participants, who were exposed to eight rumors. This yielded 880 cases (110 participants×8 rumors) for statistical analyses. Epistemologically naive participants were more likely to share online health rumors than epistemologically robust individuals. Epistemologically robust participants were more likely to share textual rumors than pictorial ones. However, there were no differences between true and false rumors or between dread and wish rumors for either epistemologically naive or robust participants. This paper contributes to the understanding of users' health information sharing behavior. It encourages users to cultivate robust epistemic belief in order to improve their online health information processing skills. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  14. Design Requirements, Epistemic Uncertainty and Solution Development Strategies in Software Design

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ball, Linden J.; Onarheim, Balder; Christensen, Bo Thomas

    2010-01-01

    This paper investigates the potential involvement of “epistemic uncertainty” in mediating between complex design requirements and strategic switches in software design strategies. The analysis revealed that the designers produced an initial “first-pass” solution to the given design brief in a bre...... a view of software design as involving a mixed breadth-first and depth-first solution development approach, with strategic switching to depth-first design being triggered by requirement complexity and being mediated by associated feelings of uncertainty....

  15. Subjectivity and Reflexivity in the Social Sciences: Epistemic Windows and Methodical Consequences

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franz Breuer

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available We sketch four basic epistemological assumptions that imply a constructionist orientation to knowledge including (a perspectivity, positionality; (b horizonality, dynamic observer position; (c the structuring of knowledge through instruments of knowledge production; and (d interactivity and interventionist nature of research. Although social scientists often adopt a constructionist epistemology to frame their research object, the methodological consequences of such an epistemology for the production of social scientific knowledge are not normally drawn. Instead of dealing with the four assumptions as a productive epistemic window, many researchers exhibit a defensive tendency and continue the quest for objectivity in their own writing. We propose a different methodological position conceptualized in the dialectic of the always embodied, individual, and social researcher-in-interaction. Beginning with the concept of a decentered (self- observation we develop the idea of the reflexive nature that relates the epistemic subject and object. We propose a way systematizing methodological considerations and procedures that follows the research process, beginning with the identification of a research topic to the final presentation of the results. The contributions to the two present FQS volumes on "Subjectivity and Reflexivity in Qualitative Research" provide answers and possible solutions to the questions and problems raised in this introduction. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0302258

  16. Effect of Epistemic Uncertainty Modeling Approach on Decision-Making: Example using Equipment Performance Indicator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dana Kelly; Robert Youngblood

    2012-06-01

    Quantitative risk assessments are an integral part of risk-informed regulation of current and future nuclear plants in the U.S. The Bayesian approach to uncertainty, in which both stochastic and epistemic uncertainties are represented with precise probability distributions, is the standard approach to modeling uncertainties in such quantitative risk assessments. However, there are long-standing criticisms of the Bayesian approach to epistemic uncertainty from many perspectives, and a number of alternative approaches have been proposed. Among these alternatives, the most promising (and most rapidly developing) would appear to be the concept of imprecise probability. In this paper, we employ a performance indicator example to focus the discussion. We first give a short overview of the traditional Bayesian paradigm and review some its controversial aspects, for example, issues with so-called noninformative prior distributions. We then discuss how the imprecise probability approach treats these issues and compare it with two other approaches: sensitivity analysis and hierarchical Bayes modeling. We conclude with some practical implications for risk-informed decision making.

  17. Individual differences in preference for epistemic versus teleologic strategies of deliberate self-persuasion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taylor, Cheryl A; Lord, Charles G; Morin, Amanda L; Brady, Sara E; Yoke, Kristin; Lu, Tong

    2014-03-01

    People are often dissatisfied with their attitudes (e.g., liking their jobs too little or junk food too much) and would like to evaluate differently. On the basis of theory and research, a scale was developed to measure individual differences in preference for 2 types of cognitive tactics (epistemic or teleologic [E or T]) that people use when they try to change their own attitudes (Maio & Thomas, 2007). For each of 3 attitude objects (my life, a romantic partner, Arabs), the scale items loaded on the 2 intended factors, and E - T scale scores were significantly correlated across the 3 attitude objects (Study 1). Scale scores also displayed satisfactory internal and test-retest reliability and discriminant validity (Study 2). In addition, E - T scores (i.e., mean preference for epistemic vs. teleologic tactics) displayed satisfactory predictive and construct validity by predicting the extent to which individuals would recall negative attributes of their lives (Study 3) and of going to a counseling center (Study 4) after a session of deliberate self-persuasion. The discussion centers on theoretical and practical applications of the new scale. 2014 APA

  18. Toward an Understanding of the Epistemic Values of Biological Scientists as Expressed in Scholarly Publication

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunn, Kathel

    2010-01-01

    This dissertation develops a deeper understanding of the epistemic values of scientists, specifically exploring the proposed values of community, collaboration, connectivity and credit as part of the scholarly communication system. These values are the essence of scientists actively engaged in conducting science and in communicating their work to…

  19. Epistemically Virtuous Risk Management: Financial Due Diligence and Uncovering the Madoff Fraud

    OpenAIRE

    de Bruin, Boudewijn; Luetge, Christoph; Jauernig, Johanna

    2014-01-01

    The chapter analyses how Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi scheme was uncovered by Harry Markopolos, an employee of Rampart Investment Management, LLC, and the contribution of so-called epistemic virtues to Markopolos’ success. After Rampart had informed the firm about an allegedly highly successful hedge fund run by Madoff, Markopolos used qualitative and quantitative methods from financial due diligence to examine Madoff’s risks, returns and strategy, ultimately to conclude that Madoff was running a l...

  20. La didáctica de los alteradaptadores en el aula de español como lengua segunda o extranjera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Rey Juzgado

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Los alteradaptadores son movimientos y/o posiciones con los que se entra encontacto físico con otra persona. La cultura española, como cultura de contacto, utilizaun gran número de alteradaptadores que el alumno extranjero ha de conocer y, enmuchos casos, aprender, si quiere lograr la competencia comunicativa que necesita paracomunicarse correctamente en español. Además, este tipo de signos puede llevar amalentendidos entre personas de diferente cultura: lo que para un español es una formade comunicación expresiva y reguladora, para una persona de otra cultura puedesignificar una intromisión en la esfera más íntima y personal (Cestero, 1999. Tambiénla interacción a través del tacto, si se salvan las diferencias culturales, puede dotar a lacomunicación de una inefabilidad única y, de esta forma, repercutir muy positivamenteen la inteligibilidad del encuentro comunicativo (Poyatos, 1994a.

  1. Epistemic-based investigation of the probability of hazard scenarios using Bayesian network for the lifting operation of floating objects

    Science.gov (United States)

    Toroody, Ahmad Bahoo; Abaiee, Mohammad Mahdi; Gholamnia, Reza; Ketabdari, Mohammad Javad

    2016-09-01

    Owing to the increase in unprecedented accidents with new root causes in almost all operational areas, the importance of risk management has dramatically risen. Risk assessment, one of the most significant aspects of risk management, has a substantial impact on the system-safety level of organizations, industries, and operations. If the causes of all kinds of failure and the interactions between them are considered, effective risk assessment can be highly accurate. A combination of traditional risk assessment approaches and modern scientific probability methods can help in realizing better quantitative risk assessment methods. Most researchers face the problem of minimal field data with respect to the probability and frequency of each failure. Because of this limitation in the availability of epistemic knowledge, it is important to conduct epistemic estimations by applying the Bayesian theory for identifying plausible outcomes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm and demonstrate its application in a case study for a light-weight lifting operation in the Persian Gulf of Iran. First, we identify potential accident scenarios and present them in an event tree format. Next, excluding human error, we use the event tree to roughly estimate the prior probability of other hazard-promoting factors using a minimal amount of field data. We then use the Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) to calculate the probability of human error. On the basis of the proposed event tree, we use the Bayesian network of the provided scenarios to compensate for the lack of data. Finally, we determine the resulting probability of each event based on its evidence in the epistemic estimation format by building on two Bayesian network types: the probability of hazard promotion factors and the Bayesian theory. The study results indicate that despite the lack of available information on the operation of floating objects, a satisfactory result can be achieved using epistemic data.

  2. Conflicting Epistemic Demands in Poststructuralist and Postcolonial Engagements with Questions of Complicity in Systemic Harm

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira Andreotti, Vanessa

    2014-01-01

    In this article, I explore complex and contested interfaces between postcolonial and poststructural theories in the context of education, focusing on seemingly paradoxical epistemic demands related to justice and ethics. I start with a brief analysis of the heterogeneous and contested areas of poststructural and postcolonial theories in education,…

  3. Do Sophisticated Epistemic Beliefs Predict Meaningful Learning? Findings from a Structural Equation Model of Undergraduate Biology Learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Silvia Wen-Yu; Liang, Jyh-Chong; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2016-01-01

    This study investigated the relationships among college students' epistemic beliefs in biology (EBB), conceptions of learning biology (COLB), and strategies of learning biology (SLB). EBB includes four dimensions, namely "multiple-source," "uncertainty," "development," and "justification." COLB is further…

  4. On the epistemic view of quantum states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Skotiniotis, Michael; Roy, Aidan; Sanders, Barry C.

    2008-01-01

    We investigate the strengths and limitations of the Spekkens toy model, which is a local hidden variable model that replicates many important properties of quantum dynamics. First, we present a set of five axioms that fully encapsulate Spekkens' toy model. We then test whether these axioms can be extended to capture more quantum phenomena by allowing operations on epistemic as well as ontic states. We discover that the resulting group of operations is isomorphic to the projective extended Clifford group for two qubits. This larger group of operations results in a physically unreasonable model; consequently, we claim that a relaxed definition of valid operations in Spekkens' toy model cannot produce an equivalence with the Clifford group for two qubits. However, the new operations do serve as tests for correlation in a two toy bit model, analogous to the well known Horodecki criterion for the separability of quantum states

  5. Lenguaje y performatividad.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Rozas

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente artículo hace una revisión sobre las distintas formas de interacción lingüísticamente mediadas y sus racionalidades subyacentes en los procesos de acción y comunicación humana. Como perspectiva privilegiada tomaremos la Teoría de los Actos de Habla propuesta por John L. Austin, su recepción, deconstrucción y resignificación en la obra de Jaques Derrida y Judith Butler, así como el esfuerzo analítico y las nuevas categorías aportadas por Jürgen Habermas en su Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa. Como modelo interpretativo de las nociones de acción y comunicación, nuestro principal referente será la obra de Habermas, su introducción del concepto de Lebenswelt, la lectura crítica que realiza de las racionalidades weberianas, así como la reconversión que hace de las mismas en la introducción de una nueva racionalidad comunicativa.

  6. Los cuentos infantiles: estrategia una pedagógica en la enseñanza de los idiomas extranjeros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rojas Leyla María

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo plantea criterios teóricos y metodológicos que sustentan la inclusión de la narratividad como parte importante del currículo de las lenguas extranjeras en la educación básica primaria y sugiere pautas metodológicas que propician el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los niños a través del cuento. Destaca la importancia del cuento infantil como recurso pedagógico para la adquisición de la competencia comunicativa tanto en la lengua materna como en la lengua extranjera, porque contribuye al desarrollo cognitivo del niño, es fuente del 'input lingüístico' necesario para interiorizar la lengua extranjera, promueve la oralidad y reactiva el esquema narrativo universal que los niños poseen en toda cultura. Propone actividades pedagógicas que se pueden implementar tanto en la lengua materna como en la lengua extranjera con comentarios alusivos a nuestro contexto monolingüe en el aula de clase.

  7. Determinism and Underdetermination in Genetics: Implications for Students' Engagement in Argumentation and Epistemic Practices

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiménez-Aleixandre, María Pilar

    2014-01-01

    In the last two decades science studies and science education research have shifted from an interest in products (of science or of learning), to an interest in processes and practices. The focus of this paper is on students' engagement in epistemic practices (Kelly in "Teaching scientific inquiry: Recommendations for research and…

  8. Do Students Trust in Mathematics or Intuition during Physics Problem Solving? An Epistemic Game Perspective

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yavuz, Ahmet

    2015-01-01

    This study aims to investigate (1) students' trust in mathematics calculation versus intuition in a physics problem solving and (2) whether this trust is related to achievement in physics in the context of epistemic game theoretical framework. To achieve this research objective, paper-pencil and interview sessions were conducted. A paper-pencil…

  9. Epistemic Dependence and the EU Seal Ban Debate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lars Christian Blichner

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available On September 2009 the European Union (EU adopted a regulation banning the import of seal products into the EU or placing seal products on the EU market. The European Parliament was the main driving force behind the regulation and the EU has been criticised by affected countries outside the EU for not basing this decision on the available expert knowledge. The questions asked are how, given epistemic dependence, non-experts may challenge an expert based policy proposal. Can non-experts hold experts accountable, and if so in what way? Three main tests and ten subtests of expert knowledge are proposed and these tests are then used to assess whether the European Parliament did in fact argue in a way consistent with available expert knowledge in amending the Commission proposal for a regulation.

  10. On epistemic uncertainties in event tree success criteria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jordan Cizelj, R.; Parzer, I.

    2003-01-01

    Uncertainty analysis of parameters, which are used as success criteria in PSA event trees, is presented in the paper. The influence of parameters on PSA model is indirect, and they are rather subject to epistemic uncertainties. Consequently, point estimates of these parameters cannot be automatically exchanged with probability distributions. For each PSA parameter, the analysis of several influencing factors is performed. As a result, recommended parameters' values for sensitivity analysis of the influence of these parameters on PSA results are given. In particular, the parameters related to exposure times were investigated. The values of the exposure times are assessed using different methodologies. The analysis of three parameters is presented in the paper, based on the comparison between the results of MAAP 3.0B and RELAP5/MOD2 codes. (author)

  11. A new international environmental order? An assessment of the impact of the global warming epistemic community

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, H.A.

    1993-12-01

    Global warming is a problem which ignores national boundaries, making international cooperation essential. The role of epistemic communities, or those composed of professionals who share a commitment to a common causal model and a set of political values, in affecting the international response to the global warming problem is examined. It is claimed that the epistemic global warming community can affect the policy process, both domestically and internationally, and facilitate cooperation in an era of ecological interdependence. This claim is explored and eventually supported through the examination of two case studies: the responses of Canada and Britain to the issue of global warming between 1988 and November 1990. The case studies are supplemented with a more general discussion of the issues surrounding the international politics of global warming through the same period. Through these studies, it is found that a global warming community can be identified and that its efforts have played a significant role in framing the global warming issue. 121 refs

  12. The problem of epistemic jurisdiction in global governance: The case of sustainability standards for biofuels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Winickoff, David E; Mondou, Matthieu

    2017-02-01

    While there is ample scholarly work on regulatory science within the state, or single-sited global institutions, there is less on its operation within complex modes of global governance that are decentered, overlapping, multi-sectorial and multi-leveled. Using a co-productionist framework, this study identifies 'epistemic jurisdiction' - the power to produce or warrant technical knowledge for a given political community, topical arena or geographical territory - as a central problem for regulatory science in complex governance. We explore these dynamics in the arena of global sustainability standards for biofuels. We select three institutional fora as sites of inquiry: the European Union's Renewable Energy Directive, the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials, and the International Organization for Standardization. These cases allow us to analyze how the co-production of sustainability science responds to problems of epistemic jurisdiction in the global regulatory order. First, different problems of epistemic jurisdiction beset different standard-setting bodies, and these problems shape both the content of regulatory science and the procedures designed to make it authoritative. Second, in order to produce global regulatory science, technical bodies must manage an array of conflicting imperatives - including scientific virtue, due process and the need to recruit adoptees to perpetuate the standard. At different levels of governance, standard drafters struggle to balance loyalties to country, to company or constituency and to the larger project of internationalization. Confronted with these sometimes conflicting pressures, actors across the standards system quite self-consciously maneuver to build or retain authority for their forum through a combination of scientific adjustment and political negotiation. Third, the evidentiary demands of regulatory science in global administrative spaces are deeply affected by 1) a market for standards, in which firms and states can

  13. The Possible Role of Intuition in the Child's Epistemic Beliefs in the Piagetian Data Set

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bickart, John

    2013-01-01

    U.S. schools teach predominately to the analytical, left-brain, which has foundations in behaviorism, and uses a mechanistic paradigm that influences epistemic beliefs of how learning takes place. This result is that learning is impeded. Using discourse analysis of a set of Piagetian children, this study re-analyzed Piaget's work. This study found…

  14. La secuencia didáctica como estratégica en la enseñanza del ensayo argumentativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    OSCAR OSWALDO OCHOA LARROTA

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo es producto de una investigación realizada en el Colegio Gimnasio Gran Colombiano con estudiantes de grado undécimo. El trabajo está enfocado en el desarrollo de una secuencia didáctica de talleres orientada a la escritura de textos argumentativos. Es una estrategia metodológica, por medio de la cual el alumno puede aprender a escribir ensayos argumentativos con el fin de aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en diversas situaciones comunicativas y en el contexto que lo rodea. Esta secuencia didáctica de talleres permite evaluar y reconocer si el proceso llevado a cabo fue efectivo o no. Para el desarrollo de esta propuesta se tuvo en cuenta variables como comprensión, coherencia, cohesión, argumentación y ensayo. Se realizaron diferentes actividades dentro de las cuales se incluyó el contexto de los jóvenes (vivencias personales, el entorno, el ambiente familiar y escolar y la sociedad, lo que implicó más atención e interés por parte de ellos.

  15. Promoting Elementary Students' Epistemology of Science through Computer-Supported Knowledge-Building Discourse and Epistemic Reflection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Feng; Chan, Carol K. K.

    2018-01-01

    This study examined the role of computer-supported knowledge-building discourse and epistemic reflection in promoting elementary-school students' scientific epistemology and science learning. The participants were 39 Grade 5 students who were collectively pursuing ideas and inquiry for knowledge advance using Knowledge Forum (KF) while studying a…

  16. An Epistemic Frame Analysis of Neoliberal Culture and Politics in the US, UK, and the UAE

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mullen, Carol A.; Samier, Eugenie A.; Brindley, Sue; English, Fenwick W.; Carr, Nora K.

    2013-01-01

    Neoliberalism is a loosely knit bricolage from economics, politics, and various forms of reactionary populism that can be envisioned as a kind of epistemic frame in which largely counterrevolutionary forces engage in the "creative destruction" of institutional frameworks and powers, forging divisions across society that include labor and…

  17. Metaconceptually-Enhanced Simulation-Based Inquiry: Effects on Eighth Grade Students' Conceptual Change and Science Epistemic Beliefs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Kun; Ge, Xun; Eseryel, Deniz

    2017-01-01

    This study investigated the effects of metaconceptually-enhanced, simulation-based inquiry learning on eighth grade students' conceptual change in science and their development of science epistemic beliefs. Two experimental groups studied the topics of motion and force using the same computer simulations but with different simulation guides: one…

  18. Fukushima: an epistemic-political mutation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rieu, Alain-Marc

    2016-01-01

    While considering that a catastrophe always put a society into question again, and addressing the case of Fukushima, the author first wanders how this disruptive event became a collective experience at the Japan scale and at the World scale, which in turn builds up a field of knowledge which concerns all components of the social system. Thus, he tries to define the associated epistemic mutation which can be addressed through some basic questions: what happened actually? What have we learned? If the tsunami has been the trigger, the catastrophe has been made possible by the institutional system, and is human, social, technological, industrial and political. He outlines the political role played by energy industries in Japan, and notably in all different departments and ministries. The author then examines what can or may happen when such disruptive knowledge emerges, notably for the different powers (central power, media, education and research institutions). The author considers that a virtual dislocation of the power structure can be noticed in Japan since the 1970's, and that the Fukushima catastrophe is an undesired effect of a hierarchical stacking of power and influence poles. In the next part, he addresses the political issue as the whole State apparatus is accused. Finally, the author briefly discusses the philosophical dimension

  19. A estrutura do conhecimento nas universidades ocidentalizadas: racismo/sexismo epistêmico e os quatro genocídios/epistemicídios do longo século XVI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Grosfoguel

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo discute a estrutura epistêmica do mundo moderno em relação aos quatro genocídios/epistemicídios do longo século XVI (1450-1650. Argumenta-se que o privilégio epistêmico do homem ocidental foi construído às custas do genocídio/epistemicídios dos sujeitos coloniais. O artigo relaciona o racismo/sexismo epistêmico da estrutura das universidades ocidentalizadas e do mundo moderno ao genocídio/epistemicídio contra muçulmanos e judeus na conquista de Al-Andalus, contra povos nativos na conquista das Américas, contra povos africanos na conquista da África e a escravização dos mesmos nas Américas e, finalmente, contra as mulheres europeias queimadas vivas acusadas de bruxaria. Esses quatro genocídios/epistemicídios são fundantes da estrutura epistêmica moderno-colonial e das universidades ocidentalizadas. A tese principal deste artigo é que a condição de possibilidade para o cartesianismo idolátrico dos anos 1640 que assume o olho de Deus e arroga-se o direito de dizer "penso, logo existo" é o "extermino, logo existo".

  20. Epistemic companions: shared reality development in close relationships.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rossignac-Milon, Maya; Higgins, E Tory

    2018-01-11

    We propose a framework outlining the development of shared reality in close relationships. In this framework, we attempt to integrate disparate close relationship phenomena under the conceptual umbrella of shared reality. We argue that jointly satisfying epistemic needs-making sense of the world together-plays an important but under-appreciated role in establishing and maintaining close relationships. Specifically, we propose that dyads progress through four cumulative phases in which new forms of shared reality emerge. Relationships are often initiated when people discover Shared Feelings, which then facilitate the co-construction of dyad-specific Shared Practices. Partners then form an interdependent web of Shared Coordination and ultimately develop a Shared Identity. Each emergent form of shared reality continues to evolve throughout subsequent phases, and, if neglected, can engender relationship dissolution. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AS A WAY TO PREVENT PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM / LA COMUNICACIÓN AFECTIVA COMO VÍA PARA EVITAR LA VIOLENCIA PSICOLÓGICA ENTRE EL PROFESOR Y LOS ESTUDIANTES EN EL AULA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ursula Puentes Puentes

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents some reflections on communicative behaviors of teachers who could be considered psychological violence in the classroom and influence both the affective motivational and cognitive instrumental attitudinal spheres of the students personality. Some procedures to promote emotional communication between teacher and students in the classroom are offered to achieve a positive psychological climate for the development of teaching-learning process. RESUMEN: En este trabajo se exponen algunas reflexiones acerca de conductas comunicativas de los profesores que pudieran ser consideradas como actos de violencia psicológica en el aula e influir, tanto en la esfera afectiva motivacional, como en la cognitiva instrumental y actitudinal de la personalidad de los estudiantes. Se ofrecen algunos procedimientos para favorecer una comunicación afectiva entre el profesor y los estudiantes en el aula y lograr así un clima psicológico positivo para el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje.

  2. O projeto cultural de PLE como agente da interculturalidade num contexto de não-­imersão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliete Farneda Sampaio

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os aspectos interculturais no processo de ensino/ aprendizagem de Português Língua Estrangeira, no contexto de não-imersão. Através da introdução de tarefas comunicativas e da abordagem comunicativa procurou-­se determinar o que é cultura (Mendes, 2010 e qual cultura deve ser ensinada durante o processo de ensino/ aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira (Khramsch, 2013, entre outros. Os resultados nos mostraram, a percepção da interculturalidade tida pelo aprendente durante a realização do projeto cultural, relacionando a sua cultura com a cultura do outro e minimizando as ideias esteriotipadas anteriormente tidas sobre a cultura da língua-­alvo.

  3. Características de la interacción comunicativa a través de computadoras dentro de los espacios virtuales sociales conocidos como Multi User Dungeons

    OpenAIRE

    Corchado Robles, Nancy Milagros

    2015-01-01

    [ES]Según Turkle (1997), durante un largo periodo en la historia de la humanidad, la estabilidad como forma de vida, ha sido socialmente valorada y culturalmente reforzada. El hecho de permanecer en un mismo puesto de trabajo o de vivir en un mismo lugar durante un espacio prolongado de años se consideraba socialmente como algo saludable. Actualmente, este concepto ha cambiado de forma drástica. La fluidez de movimiento en nuestras vidas ha reemplazado al modelo de estabilidad anterior. Ahora...

  4. Into the Wild Country: Epistemic Issues in Professional Guidelines for Palliative Sedation in End-of-Life Care

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wackers, Ger

    2015-01-01

    End-of-life care is an important object of governance. Using the linguistic notions of polysemy, metaphorical blending and counterfactual reasoning, this paper critically examines epistemic issues in professional guidelines for palliative sedation of the dying. As a last resort option, palliative sedation is described as the intentional,…

  5. Positive Affect Relevant to Epistemic Curiosity to Reflect Continuance Intention to Join a Hands-On Making Contest

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hong, Jon-Chao; Hwang, Ming-Yueh; Szeto, Elson; Tai, Kai-Hsin; Tsai, Chi-Ruei

    2016-01-01

    Hands-on making (e.g., "Maker") has become prevalent in current educational settings. To understand the role that students' epistemic curiosity plays in hands-on making contests, this study explored its correlation to students' positive affect and continuance intention to participate in a hands-on making contest called…

  6. Diseño de recursos didácticos visuales para el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas del idioma Inglés de los estudiantes de bachillerato

    OpenAIRE

    Yugla Lema, Lidia Rebeca

    2015-01-01

    1. Introducción.--2.Planteamiento de la propuesta de trabajo.--3.Marco Teórico.--4. Metodología.--5.Resutados.--6.Conclusiones y recomendaciones.-- El diseño de recursos didácticos visuales para el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas del idioma inglés en el bachillerato tuvo la finalidad de conocer los requerimientos de los estudiantes y docentes dentro del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje para generar interacción con otros elementos didácticos a fin de propiciar situaciones verbales e...

  7. Co-creating knowledge - developing an on the spot epistemic practice in teaching

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Iversen, Ann-Merete

    assessment of the work done at universities and other higher education institutions. And so the aim of education becomes an ever changing fixpoint. Preparing students for becoming 21th century knowledge workers, then, entails preparing them for an unknown future. Critical reflection, independent thinking......, creativity and a strong sense of navigating in the unforeseen are among the skills needed of the individual student. And – you could state – their teachers as well. The paper introduces an ’on the spot’ epistemic practice that combines basic principles of qualitative research with the practice of teaching...

  8. Epistemic uncertainty propagation in energy flows between structural vibrating systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Menghui; Du, Xiaoping; Qiu, Zhiping; Wang, Chong

    2016-03-01

    A dimension-wise method for predicting fuzzy energy flows between structural vibrating systems coupled by joints with epistemic uncertainties is established. Based on its Legendre polynomial approximation at α=0, both the minimum and maximum point vectors of the energy flow of interest are calculated dimension by dimension within the space spanned by the interval parameters determined by fuzzy those at α=0 and the resulted interval bounds are used to assemble the concerned fuzzy energy flows. Besides the proposed method, vertex method as well as two current methods is also applied. Comparisons among results by different methods are accomplished by two numerical examples and the accuracy of all methods is simultaneously verified by Monte Carlo simulation.

  9. Two sides of the same coin? The (techno)epistemic cultures of systems and synthetic biology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kastenhofer, Karen

    2013-06-01

    Systems and synthetic biology both emerged around the turn of this century as labels for new research approaches. Although their disciplinary status as well as their relation to each other is rarely discussed in depth, now and again the idea is invoked that both approaches represent 'two sides of the same coin'. The following paper focuses on this general notion and compares it with empirical findings concerning the epistemic cultures prevalent in the two contexts. Drawing on interviews with researchers from both fields, on participatory observation in conferences and courses and on documentary analysis, this paper delineates differences and similarities, incompatibilities and blurred boundaries. By reconstructing systems and synthetic biology's epistemic cultures, this paper argues that they represent two 'communities of vision', encompassing heterogeneous practices. Understanding the relation of the respective visions of understanding nature and engineering life is seen as indispensible for the characterisation of (techno)science in more general terms. Depending on the conceptualisation of understanding and construction (or: science and engineering), related practices such as in silico modelling for enhancing understanding or enabling engineering can either be seen as incommensurable or 'two sides of one coin'. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Are Quantum Theory Questions Epistemic?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viviana Yaccuzzi Polisena

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available How to displace-move quantum theory [Ǭ] questions-problems to philosophy? Seeing the collapse of our society’s cultural-intellectual-morals, the philosophy of the 21st century has to contribute to the formation of new principles-formalisms: the big task of the contemporary philosophy ©] is to innovate, to transform the building of the knowledge! Which is the role of the contemporary philosopher? (Noam Chomsky. Building science so that it is more human, out of the scientific mercantilism so that it does not continue transgressing that which is most precious: the thought-life. The ideas that I propose demand a deep cultural-epistemiologicscientific-philosophical-ethical rethinking that goes from quantum entities up to life in society. The starting idea is «the quantum [Ǭ], the paradigm of the contemporary science ©]» (Bernard D’Espagnat. I propose to displace-move questions of the quantum theory [Ǭ]: spin, measure, layering to the field of philosophy (φ to build generic symbols. Can the contemporary episteme model the collapse of the ? For a philosopher, can understanding the importance and the behaviour of the spin bring something new to philosophy ? Can information of the states of the spin be used to observe in a holographic way the pattern energy-information contained in the quantum entities? Is quantum [Ǭ] physics mechanical?

  11. Negotiating contingent knowledges in a time of epistemic doubt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Phillips, Louise Jane

    How can/should we produce and communicate social scientific knowledge with authority under conditions of epistemic doubt? If all knowledge is contingent and if truth is a discursive effect rather than the final claim about reality - as post-foundationalism suggests - how can we formulate...... and provide support for contingent knowledge-claims? And how can the communication of social scientificknowlege be theorised and practised as the negotiation between social scientific knowledge and other forms of contingent knowledge rather than the one-way transmission of universal, value-free truth......-claims? In the paper, I outline an approach to addressing the final question. The approach is based on a combination of approaches to the production of knowledge developed in post-foundationalist sociology and philosophy of science, approaches to the communication of knowlege developed within communication studies...

  12. Exploring Indigenous Game-Based Physics Activities in Pre-Service Physics Teachers' Conceptual Change and Transformation of Epistemic Beliefs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morales, Marie Paz Escaño

    2017-01-01

    "Laro-ng-Lahi" (Indigenous Filipino game) based physics activities invigorated the integration of culture in the pre-service physics education to develop students' epistemic beliefs and the notion of conceptual understanding through conceptual change. The study conveniently involved 28 pre-service undergraduate physics students enrolled…

  13. Patrones de interacción comunicativa del profesor universitario de matemáticas. Un estudio de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Francisco Leguizamón Romero

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo se realizó para analizar los patrones de interacción comunicativa en las clases de algunos profesores de la Licenciatura en Matemáticas de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC. La investigación es cualitativa, interpretativa y hermenéutica. Se examinaron clases de un profesor, donde cada sesión se distribuyó en configuraciones didácticas y se analizaron las interacciones de cada configuración. En los resultados es preciso destacar que, entre las interacciones más frecuentes, se encuentran: la pregunta corta por parte del docente, al igual que la respuesta individual corta por parte del estudiante; las aclaraciones y explicaciones cortas del docente; la explicación amplia del docente y la autorespuesta por parte del mismo. De lo anterior, se puede concluir que, la clase del profesor, es de tipo tradicional-tecnológico.

  14. The effects of online peer feedback and epistemic beliefs on students’ argumentation-based learning

    OpenAIRE

    Noroozi, Omid; Hatami, Javad

    2018-01-01

    Although the importance of students’ argumentative peer feedback for learning is undeniable, there is a need for further empirical evidence on whether and how it is related to various aspects of argumentation-based learning namely argumentative essay writing, domain-specific learning, and attitudinal change while considering their epistemic beliefs which are known to be related to argumentation. In this study, a pre-test–post-test design was conducted with 42 higher education students who wer...

  15. International Organizations (IOs), Epistemic Tools of Influence, and the Colonial Geopolitics of Knowledge Production in Higher Education Policy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shahjahan, Riyad A.

    2016-01-01

    While other scholars have analyzed the way that international organizations (IOs) in higher education policy may contribute to neocolonial domination, this paper illuminates not only on "how" IOs' epistemic activities promulgate one-size fit all solutions, but centers the colonial structures of knowledge/power that inform the…

  16. The Relationships among Chinese Practicing Teachers' Epistemic Beliefs, Pedagogical Beliefs and Their Beliefs about the Use of ICT

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deng, Feng; Chai, Ching Sing; Tsai, Chin-Chung; Lee, Min-Hsien

    2014-01-01

    This study aimed to investigate the relationships among practicing teachers' epistemic beliefs, pedagogical beliefs and their beliefs about the use of ICT through survey methodology. Participants were 396 high school practicing teachers from mainland China. The path analysis results analyzed via structural equation modelling technique indicated…

  17. ACCIONES PEDAGÓGICAS PARA FAVORECER LA COMUNICACIÓN INTERALUMNO EN EL TRANSCURSO DE LA ACTIVIDAD DOCENTE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Greccy Castro Miranda

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available La comunicación pedagógica es un proceso básico de profesionalidad en los educadores, por la significación de esta para el efectivo desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. En el artículo [3] se propone un conjunto de talleres que favorecen la comunicación interalumno, se desarrolló por la necesidad de atender las dificultades manifestadas en el proceso de la comunicación en la clase, en particular, por los problemas que presentan los estudiantes en su comunicación, lo que atenta contra el protagonismo de estos en el proceso de su educación como futuros profesores y en su propia vida personal. El objetivo trazado fue aplicar acciones pedagógicas en forma de talleres que favorezcan la comunicación interalumnos. Se introdujeron talleres práctico-vivenciales para evaluar el desarrollo de la comunicación pedagógica como elemento básico para el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas y como vía que contribuye a la competencia comunicativa del futuro profesor.

  18. Después de la guerra: otra Medellín. Ciudadanías comunicativas, apropiación urbana y resignificación de espacios públicos en clave de memoria y posconflicto

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    Camilo Tamayo Gómez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación analiza acciones particulares de ciudadanías comunicativas de la sociedad civil: maniobras desarrolladas en medio de la contienda por la apropiación del espacio público en zonas urbanas que han padecido altos índices de violencia en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Principalmente, esta pesquisa indaga por cómo diversas acciones de ciudadanías comunicativas generan procesos de construcción de memoria colectiva, inclusión social, reconocimiento de las diferencias y reclamación de derechos humanos por parte de públicos subalternos en la arena pública. A partir del estudio de un caso en particular —el de la vereda La Loma—, se argumenta cómo la construcción de narrativas de la memoria en espacios públicos urbanos situados en contextos de conflicto armado, erige un escenario en el que los diferentes actores sociales, en particular las víctimas, luchan por resignificar su territorio y transformar las narrativas del presente, impugnando, ante todo, versiones del pasado y relaciones de poder alrededor de la construcción de la memoria colectiva.

  19. Conceptions of Scientific Knowledge Influence Learning of Academic Skills: Epistemic Beliefs and the Efficacy of Information Literacy Instruction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosman, Tom; Peter, Johannes; Mayer, Anne-Kathrin; Krampen, Günter

    2018-01-01

    The present article investigates the effects of epistemic beliefs (i.e. beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing) on the effectiveness of information literacy instruction (i.e. instruction on how to search for scholarly information in academic settings). We expected psychology students with less sophisticated beliefs (especially…

  20. Epistemic Function and Ontology of Analog and Digital Images

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    Aleksandra Łukaszewicz Alcaraz

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The important epistemic function of photographic images is their active role in construction and reconstruction of our beliefs concerning the world and human identity, since we often consider photographs as presenting reality or even the Real itself. Because photography can convince people of how different social and ethnic groups and even they themselves look, documentary projects and the dissemination of photographic practices supported the transition from disciplinary society to the present-day society of control. While both analog and digital images are formed from the same basic materia, the ways in which this matter appears are distinctive. In the case of analog photography, we deal with physical and chemical matter, whereas with digital images we face electronic matter. Because digital photography allows endless modification of the image, we can no longer believe in the truthfulness of digital images.

  1. Epistemic Purposes to Prompt Argumentation in inquiry-based classes

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    Arthur Tadeu Ferraz

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Considering the growth in interest on argumentation in research on science education, in this paper our goal is to propose an overview of actions taken by a teacher that made possible to establish and mediate production of arguments by the students in classroom. For this purpose, we analyze a physics lesson where discussions were about light duality, through a planned inquiry-based sequence teaching. We developed a set of codes called Epistemic Purposes for Promotion of Argumentation that allow understanding teacher's purposes as well his actions to promote argumentation among students during inquiry-based lessons. According to theoretical proposition and empirical analysis, it was revealed that the construction of arguments by students has a high dependence on how ideas are problematized by teacher. The construction of understanding  by students requires teacher actions that result in contributions of different kinds.

  2. Characterization, propagation and analysis of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in the 2008 performance assessment for the proposed repository for radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Helton, Jon Craig; Sallaberry, Cedric M.; Hansen, Clifford W.

    2010-01-01

    The 2008 performance assessment (PA) for the proposed repository for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain (YM), Nevada, illustrates the conceptual structure of risk assessments for complex systems. The 2008 YM PA is based on the following three conceptual entities: a probability space that characterizes aleatory uncertainty; a function that predicts consequences for individual elements of the sample space for aleatory uncertainty; and a probability space that characterizes epistemic uncertainty. These entities and their use in the characterization, propagation and analysis of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty are described and illustrated with results from the 2008 YM PA.

  3. Searing sentiment or cold calculation? the effects of leader emotional displays on team performance depend on follower epistemic motivation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Kleef, G.A.; Homan, A.C.; Beersma, B.; van Knippenberg, D.; van Knippenberg, B.; Damen, F.

    2009-01-01

    We examined how leader emotional displays affect team performance. We developed and tested the idea that effects of leader displays of anger versus happiness depend on followers' epistemic motivation, which is the desire to develop a thorough understanding of a situation. Experimental data on

  4. Descubriendo una falla trágica en las políticas revolucionarias de salud: Desde las inequidades en salud y comunicación a la justicia comunicativa en salud

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    Charles L. Briggs

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza una contradicción enfrentada por los gobiernos de izquierda de América Latina en sus esfuerzos por transformar la salud en un derecho social fundamental. Las políticas y prácticas que confrontan las desigualdades en salud, en general, no llegan a dirigirse a las inequidades en salud y comunicación; las distribuciones jerárquicas de los derechos dan forma al conocimiento legítimo en salud. El artículo presenta un análisis etnográfico sobre la epidemia de una enfermedad misteriosa –identificada clínicamente como rabia trasmitida por murciélagos– en la selva del Delta Amacuro en Venezuela, en 2007-2008, centrado en cómo los padres y las madres que perdieron entre 1 y 3 hijos e hijas lidian con inequidades agudas en salud y comunicación en entornos clínicos, investigaciones epidemiológicas, trabajo con sanadores/as, la cobertura de las noticias, las políticas de salud y la comunicación en salud. A partir de demandas por parte de los y las residentes de la selva por una justicia comunicativa en salud, el análisis utiliza la noción de autoatención propuesta por Menéndez para explorar cómo la labor en salud y comunicación se coproduce con la labor de cuidado.

  5. Potentials and limitations of epistemic communities. An analysis of the World Climate Council and the Framework Convention on Climate Change; Potenziale und Grenzen von epistemic communities. Eine Analyse des Weltklimarates und der Klimarahmenkonvention

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Otto, Daniel

    2015-07-01

    In times of increasing global uncertainties, science takes a central position for policy decisions. According to Peter M. Haas, epistemic communities are able to influence the cooperative behavior of states through their consensual knowledge. This book critically examines this statement. As the case of the Framework Convention on Climate Change shows, the World Climate Council (IPCC) was not in a position to enforce its solution options in the intergovernmental negotiations, as these affected the individual convictions of the decision-makers. While Angela Merkel advocated an agreement, the US government under George W. Bush denied the existence of climate change. Decision-makers and their individual convictions must therefore have a greater significance in international politics. [German] In Zeiten zunehmender globaler Unsicherheiten nimmt die Wissenschaft fuer die Entscheidungen der Politik eine zentrale Stellung ein. Epistemic communities sind nach Peter M. Haas durch ihr konsensuales Wissen in der Lage, das Kooperationsverhalten von Staaten zu beeinflussen. Das vorliegende Buch prueft diese Aussage kritisch. Wie der Fall der Klimarahmenkonvention zeigt, war der Weltklimarat (IPCC) nicht in der Lage, seine Loesungsoptionen in den zwischenstaatlichen Verhandlungen durchzusetzen, da diesen die individuellen Ueberzeugungen der Entscheidungstraeger entgegenstanden. Waehrend Angela Merkel ein Abkommen befuerwortete, bestritt die US-Regierung unter George W. Bush die Existenz des Klimawandels. Entscheidungstraegern und ihren individuellen Ueberzeugungen muss daher in der internationalen Politik eine staerkere Bedeutung zukommen.

  6. ADECUACIÓN DEL LENGUAJE EN EL MATERIAL DIDÁCTICO ESCRITO: EL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN COMO PROCESO PEDAGÓGICO (ADAPTATION OF LANGUAGE IN WRITTEN TEACHING MATERIALS: PRODUCTION PROCESS AS EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez Figueroa Patricia

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Resumen:El presente ensayo surge como respuesta a una serie de reflexiones sobre el quehacer de los editores académicos que laboran en el programa de Producción de Material Didáctico Escrito (Promade de la Dirección de Producción de Materiales de Didácticos de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED. Se pretende un acercamiento al material escrito a través del lenguaje y los diferentes elementos que confluyen en su producción, como la situación comunicativa y la mediación pedagógica. Finalmente, se concluye con una serie de recomendaciones acerca de la relevancia de la adecuación del lenguaje como parte del proceso pedagógico en la producción del material didáctico.Abstract: This essay reflects on the work of the production editor of the program “Producción de Materiales Didácticos (Promade de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED”. We present, therefore, some aspects related to the production area: written materials, mainly printed and main elements, like style, that come together in its development; and other like the communicative situation and pedagogical mediation. We conclude with a series of recommendations about the relevance of an adequate language an style as part of the educational process in the production of materials.

  7. El reclamo del cuerpo de la mujer como objeto sexual en publicidad gráfica. Estudio comparativo de dos marcas de joyería

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    Manuel MONTES-VOZMEDIANO

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available La tendencia alcista en las denuncias por publicidad sexista registrada por el Observatorio para la Imagen de las Mujeres demuestra la vigencia de la utilización del cuerpo de la mujer como recurso promocional. El fenómeno de la globalización propicia que las repercusiones negativas de estas campañas trasciendan de un ámbito puramente local. En primer lugar, este trabajo de investigación analiza el material icónico de una campaña publicitaria de la compañía I love Ugly denunciada por emplear el cuerpo de la mujer como reclamo sexual. Las imágenes se lanzan en una red social, lo que supone una exposición mundial pero permite la interacción con los usuarios. El estudio del material gráfico, mediante el empleo de la metodología del análisis de contenido, permite registrar los códigos visuales que otorgan el cariz discriminatorio, vejatorio y de dominio del hombre sobre la mujer, que queda relegada a mero objeto o reclamo sexual. Se realiza una comparación con otra campaña, también etiquetada como sexista, perteneciente al mismo sector de la joyería, lanzada por la compañía brasileña Natan Jewelry. Aunque se encuentran similitudes en el código visual empleado, se concluye el uso de estrategias comunicativas distintas, si bien las dos campañas publicitarias exponen un mensaje denigrante para las mujeres.

  8. Has the Deliberative Model of Democracy an epistemic value?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto García

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Deliberative democracy is a normative ideal of democracy. This model is a proposal for the regeneration of the legitimacy of our institutions, but also a mechanism for decision making. It is based on two different dimensions: a procedural dimension where the model demands the inclusion and an equal capacity to influence the final decision of all those affected (Cohen, 1989; Bohman, 1996; Habermas, 1992 ... and a substantive dimension where the political decisions are made through a collective procedure of argumentation and public discussion. If these conditions are recognized, the decisions will be more rational and better decisions. This paper has two aims. First I will present the key elements of this epistemic conception of political legitimacy. Second I will show the challenges it faces. On a one hand, the counterfactual of many of its postulates and on the other, the obvious problems of bias consensualist of this model.

  9. The Drawbacks of Project Funding for Epistemic Innovation: Comparing Institutional Affordances and Constraints of Different Types of Research Funding

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franssen, Thomas; Scholten, Wout; Hessels, Laurens K.; de Rijcke, Sarah

    2018-01-01

    Over the past decades, science funding shows a shift from recurrent block funding towards project funding mechanisms. However, our knowledge of how project funding arrangements influence the organizational and epistemic properties of research is limited. To study this relation, a bridge between science policy studies and science studies is…

  10. un estudio comparativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Federico Varona

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La comunicación efectiva es uno de los mayores retos que tienen hoy las organizaciones y empresas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (global. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación realizada por un equipo internacional de investigadores interesados en descubrir y comparar las conductas comunicativas o estilos de comunicación de los empleados finlandeses y mexicanos cuando interactúan con sus superiores. Para ello presentamos: primero, un breve marco teórico del estudio; segundo, la metodología; tercero, los resultados del análisis estadístico comparativo entre los empleados de Finlandia y México; cuarto, las conclusiones generales y su explicación cultural; y quinto, las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de este estudio con respecto a las competencias comunicativas necesarias para la comunicación efectiva entre empleados y superiores tanto en organizaciones nacionales como internacionales (globales.

  11. Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa y la educación visual. Una metodología centrada en el proceso / Communicative awarness and visual culture. Proceedings. Compétence communicative et éducation culturelle. La recherche en classe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Begoña Souviron López

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo presento algunas reflexiones sobre mi intervención docente y la productividad de los alumnos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje así como la evaluación del desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa y de la competencia de aprender a aprender junto a la adquisición de competencia social, cultural y artística. Mi objetivo es definir una metodología basada en la adquisición de competencias dentro de la modalidad de investigación en el aula en una clase de ESO y en la asignatura de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura española en Educación Primaria. Abstract: In this paper I present the reflections on my teaching practice and the students’ productivity together with the assessment of the development of their communicative competence and their learning to learn competence; in so doing, I pretend to define a methodology based on the acquisition of competences within the paradigm of classroom research in a group of 3rd. Year (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria / Compulsory Secondary Education and also at the University in the area of Language and Spanish Literature Teaching

  12. Gestão comunicativa para redes cooperativas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação em saúde Gestión comunicativa para redes cooperativas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en salud Communication management of collaborative networks of science, technology and innovation in health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wagner de Jesus Martins

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do artigo foi propor um modelo de gestão comunicativa de redes para o Sistema de Inovação em Saúde. Para isso discute-se o complexo produtivo da saúde em sua relação com o desenvolvimento e apresentam-se algumas sugestões para o formato mais operacional da proposta. Utilizaram-se teóricos da linguagem, especialmente Habermas, e exemplos de outros países. Enfoques comunicativos e de negociação de compromissos, que ajudam a criar formas de coordenação e consensos fundamentados na argumentação crítica, poderiam contribuir para a consolidação de redes democráticas.El objetivo del artículo fue proponer un modelo de gestión comunicativa de redes para el Sistema de Innovación en Salud en Brasil. Para ello se discute el complejo productivo de la salud con relación al desarrollo y se presentan algunas sugerencias para el formato más operacional de la propuesta. Se utilizaron teóricos del lenguaje, especialmente Habermas y ejemplos de otros países. Enfoques comunicativos y de negociación de compromisos, que ayudan a crear formas de coordinación y consensos fundamentados en la argumentación crítica, podrían contribuir en la consolidación de redes democráticas.The objective of the article was to propose a model of communication management of networks for the Health Innovation System in Brazil. The health production complex and its relationship with the nation's development are addressed and some suggestions for operationalization of the proposed model are also presented. The discussion is based on Habermas' theory and similar cases from other countries. Communication strategies and approaches to commitment dialogue for concerted actions and consensus-building based on critical reasoning may help strengthen democratic networks.

  13. Multicultural experiences reduce intergroup bias through epistemic unfreezing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tadmor, Carmit T; Hong, Ying-Yi; Chao, Melody M; Wiruchnipawan, Fon; Wang, Wei

    2012-11-01

    In 6 studies, we systematically explored for the 1st time the ameliorative effects of multicultural experience on intergroup bias and investigated the role of epistemic unfreezing as the motivational mechanism underlying these effects. We found that multicultural exposure led to a reduction in stereotype endorsement (Studies 1, 4, and 6), symbolic racism (Study 5), and discriminatory hiring decisions (Study 2). We further demonstrated that experimental exposure to multicultural experience caused a reduction in need for cognitive closure (NFCC; Studies 3 and 6) and that the ameliorative effects of multiculturalism experience on intergroup bias were fully mediated by lower levels of NFCC (Studies 4, 5, and 6). The beneficial effects of multiculturalism were found regardless of the targeted stereotype group (African Americans, Ethiopians, homosexuals, and native Israelis), regardless of whether multicultural experience was measured or manipulated, and regardless of the population sampled (Caucasian Americans or native Israelis), demonstrating the robustness of this phenomenon. Overall, these results demonstrate that multicultural experience plays a critical role in increasing social tolerance through its relationship to motivated cognitive processes.

  14. Sistema de tareas para la enseñanza combinada de la gramática comunicativa y la gramática tradicional de lengua inglesa

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    Nancy del Carmen Jiménez Figueredo

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó el diseño de un sistema de tareas para la enseñanza combinada de la gramática comunicativa y la gramática tradicional de lengua inglesa, con metodología cuali-cuantitativa, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Zoilo Marinello Vidaurreta” de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas, durante el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2011 y julio de 2014. El objetivo estuvo direccionado a perfeccionar la corrección lingüística en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del idioma Inglés. La realización del diseño contó con: una revisión bibliográfica de los principales enfoques utilizados en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del Inglés; la revisión documental, que permitió determinar las insuficiencias lingüísticas y la necesidad de combinar la gramática comunicativa con la gramática tradicional, en los estudiantes del cuarto año de la carrera de Estomatología; el intercambio con profesionales con más de quince años de experiencia, para obtener información acerca del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la gramática; y la aplicación de una valoración equivalente al juicio de expertos, método de agregados individuales, para valorar la propuesta. Los principales resultados fueron: la caracterización de las insuficiencias provocadas por la absolutización del enfoque comunicativo en la enseñanza de la gramática de la lengua inglesa y el diseño de un sistema de tareas para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la gramática inglesa en estos estudiantes

  15. Epistemic brokerage in the bio-property narrative: contributions to explaining opposition to transgenic technologies in agriculture.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herring, Ronald J

    2010-11-30

    Unlike some global contentions - abolition of slavery, or universal franchise, for example - the rift over rDNA crops is not about ultimate values. Improvement of farmer welfare and enhanced sustainability of agriculture are universally valued goals. However, means to those ends are politically disputed; that dispute depends on alternative empirical stories about biotechnology, sometimes even alternative epistemologies. Opposition revolves around two fundamental dimensions: bio-safety and bio-property. There is convergence of these dimensions around exceptional risk and vulnerability to corporate control of farmers, but these are analytically separable questions of fact. This paper concentrates on bio-property. Epistemic brokers have successfully established knowledge claims that simultaneously undermine the case for rDNA technologies as potential contributors to development and motivate opposition. Epistemic brokers command authority from their positions at junctures of networks, enabling the screening, weighting, theorizing and diffusion of contentious empirical accounts. In contentions of low information, high information costs and diffuse anxiety, these claims provide cognitive support for opposition to 'GMOs'. Specifically, claims of patents, monopoly corporate control and terminator technology have diffused to and from India in global networks. Though effective in transnational advocacy networks, these claims have proved either false or inconsistent with dynamics on the ground. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Las habilidades comunicativas, una necesidad formativa del profesional del Siglo XXI.

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    Otto Cevallos Mieles

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available La educación superior, en estas primeras dos década del siglo XXI, manifiesta las mismas carencias y retos que se heredaron de la centuria anterior, aunque los gobiernos e instituciones de muchos países, han tomado conciencia de la necesidad de los cambios. En el Ecuador se han iniciado transformaciones educativas que generan expectativas en las esferas políticas, económicas y sociales, a partir de cambios curriculares, principalmente en la educación superior, por lo que esta significa para el desarrollo del país. En este contexto, la formación del jurista ha implicado una nueva mirada a sus competencias. La necesidad de expresarse en público, liderar grupos humanos, argumentar, persuadir, fundamentar y convencer, son exigencias que se alcanzan con el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas. Debe ser una premisa fundamental para el jurista, el desarrollo de las competencias que le permita manejar con efectividad los componentes verbales, no verbales y paralingüísticos de la comunicación. Se debe concientizar que todo el cuerpo habla. No solo con lo oral se transmiten mensajes que apoyen los argumentos que utiliza en su exposición. El trabajo aborda la necesidad del dominio de los conocimientos y habilidades sobre lo no verbal y lo paralingüístico y su importancia en la comunicación. Se enfatiza en la necesidad del dominio de estas habilidades para una orientación más efectiva durante las situaciones de intercambio en los distintos ámbitos del desempeño de un jurista.

  17. Prioridades y criterios para estrategias comunicativas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Urioste F. de C.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo ha sido editado y resumido por Eduardo Contreras Budge, a partir de la ponencia original de Miguel Urioste. Aunque se han respetado a cabalidad las ideas y expresiones del autor CHASQUI pide excusas por cualquier distorsión u omisión originadas por la reducción de la ponencia a un tercio del original. El contenido de la ponencia de Urioste representa las opiniones del autor y no expresa necesariamente la opinión de ALER no, como es práctica usual, compromete a la UNESCO.

  18. Epistemic Beliefs and Beliefs about Teaching Practices for Moral Learning in the Early Years of School: Relationships and Complexities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lunn Brownlee, Jo; Johansson, Eva; Cobb-Moore, Charlotte; Boulton-Lewis, Gillian; Walker, Sue; Ailwood, Joanne

    2015-01-01

    While investment in young children is recognised as important for the development of moral values for a cohesive society, little is known about early years teaching practices that promote learning of moral values. This paper reports on observations and interviews with 11 Australian teachers, focusing on their epistemic beliefs and beliefs about…

  19. Expressing epistemic stance in University lectures and TED talks: a contrastive corpu-based analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giuditta Caliendo

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract – This study explores the web-mediated genre of TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design talks, speech events whereby experts in their field disseminate knowledge from different domains (e.g. science, technology, design, global issues addressing an audience of both co-present participants and web-users all over the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the way academics convey epistemic stance (Conrad, Biber 2000 and build up their image as experts on the TED stage. To this purpose, a contrastive analysis was carried out comparing two corpora of spoken discourse, i.e. a corpus of TED talks and a corpus of MICASE university lectures from different disciplines. Although in both genres the speaker is an academic, both the communicative purpose and audience expectations differ substantially in the two contexts under scrutiny. This comparison highlights some distinguishing traits of TED talks and provides a better insight into this genre. Adopting a corpus-based approach, attention is first paid to the most recurrent epistemic lexical verbs (ELVs and to the use of first and second person pronouns in the two corpora. The qualitative analysis then focuses on similarities and differences in the discourse functions of the four most frequent ELVs (see, show, know, think and of their clusters when they combine with first and second person pronouns in the two corpora. Previous studies in the field of English for Academic Purposes (Rounds 1987; Fortanet 2004; Walsh 2004; Artiga León 2006; Bamford 2009 are referred to as a starting point to investigate a novel, unexplored pragmatic space (i.e. that of TED wherein academics accomplish purposes other than merely disseminating knowledge and training students, such as promoting their research and building up their image as experts. Keywords: Languages for Special Purposes, popularization, web-mediated genres, evidentiality, epistemic stance  Abstract – I generi mediati dalla rete svolgono un

  20. Les TIC com a element de cohesió en el desenvolupament de l'oralitat mitjançant l'ABP. Un estudi de cas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Francisco Romero Oliva

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio recoge las evidencias obtenidas de un estudio de caso realizado en un curso de 5º de Educación Primaria donde se analizaron las aportaciones de las TIC en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral del alumnado desde una metodología integradora como es el ABP. El diseño de diversas estrategias para la recogida y análisis de datos -rúbricas, entrevistas no estructuradas o listas de observación- puso de manifiesto que las TIC contribuyeron a mejoras significativas de su propio desempeño -al “saber”, al “saber hacer” y al “saber ser”-, especialmente en las dimensiones comunicativa y digital.

  1. Epistemic and doxastic logic with restrictions Lógicas epistémica y doxástica con restricciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Sierra A

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Are presented as extensions of classical propositional calculus hierarchies of deductive systems LDR–n and LER–n with n > 1. LER–n is the epistemic logic with restrictions, LDR–n is the doxastic logic with restrictions. The systems LER–1 and LDR–1 are the classical propositional calculus. System LER–(n + 1 can be seen as the result of applying the rule: if X is theorem of LER–n then +X is theorem of LER–(n + 1. Systems also restricts the validity of the axioms +(X → Y → (+X → +Y and +X → X, in terms of depth (complexity with respect to the operator + of X and Y , and also includes restricted versions of the axioms of positive and negative introspection. LER system results from the union of LER–n systems, and can be seen as the S5 modal logic system with different types of restrictions. Changing +X → X by +X →∼+∼X are built LDR–n and the LDR systems. LDR can be seen as the KD45 modal logic system with different types of restrictions. The systems are characterized with a embedded worlds semantics, with which the ‘omniscience logical problem’ is limited.Se presentan como extensiones del cálculo proposicional clásico las jerarquías de sistemas deductivos LER–n y LDR–n, con n ≥ 1. LER–n es la Lógica epistémica con restricciones de profundidad–n, LDR–n es la Lógica doxástica con restricciones de profundidad–n. Los sistemas LER–1 y LDR–1 son el cálculo proposicional clásico. El sistema LER–(n + 1 puede ser visto como el resultado de aplicar la regla: de X se infiere +X, una vez a los teoremas del sistema LER–n, además, se restringe la validez de los axiomas +(X → Y → (+X → +Y y +X → X en términos de la profundidad (complejidad respecto al operador + de X y de Y , y también se incluyen versiones generalizadas y con restricciones de los axiomas de introspección positiva y negativa. El sistema LER resulta de la reunión de los sistemas de la jerarquía, y puede ser visto

  2. La afasia. Características comunicativas para la intervención enfermera.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Martín Dorta

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Por afasia se entiende la alteración del lenguaje expresivo y/o receptivo a causa de una lesión cerebral . Este trastorno tiene una alta prevalencia afectando al 21%-38% de pacientes que sufren un accidente cerebrovascular . Las áreas del lenguaje pueden verse afectadas de diferente manera dependiendo del tipo de lesión que presente el paciente (etiología, extensión, localización,… y de factores personales (personalidad, factores intelectuales, motivación,… pudiendo dificultar en diverso grado a su capacidad comunicativa. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de este trastorno, el conocimiento del término “afasia” en la población general, es todavía altamente desconocido en relación con otros trastornos neurológicos con menor incidencia y prevalencia, como la Enfermedad de Parkinson o la Esclerosis Múltiple. La afasia puede llegar a ser el déficit cognitivo más devastador secundario al ACV, hasta el extremo de que algunos pacientes consideran que con la alteración del lenguaje han perdido su identidad personal, creando sentimientos de profunda angustia e invalidez que afecta a todas las esferas de su vida. Este artículo intenta explicar, utilizando un modelo conexionista, en qué consiste la afasia, cuáles son los principales síndromes afásicos y cuáles sus características más importantes con el objetivo de aportar información que facilite a la enfermera interactuar comunicativamente de la manera más eficaz posible, aprovechando al máximo las habilidades conservadas de nuestro paciente y abrir una puerta al desarrollo de los cuidados enfermeros de la persona con afasia.AbstractAphasia is understood as the expressive and/or receptive language alteration caused by brain damage. This disorder has a high prevalence affecting 21%-38% of patients that suffer a cerebrovascular accident. The language areas can be affected in different ways depending on the type of damage that the patient suffers (etiology, spreading, location

  3. Epistemic Uncertainty in Evalustion of Evapotranspiration and Net Infiltration Using Analogue Meteorological Data

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    B. Faybishenko

    2006-09-01

    Uncertainty is typically defined as a potential deficiency in the modeling of a physical process, owing to a lack of knowledge. Uncertainty can be categorized as aleatoric (inherent uncertainty caused by the intrinsic randomness of the system) or epistemic (uncertainty caused by using various model simplifications and their parameters). One of the main reasons for model simplifications is a limited amount of meteorological data. This paper is devoted to the epistemic uncertainty quantification involved in two components of the hydrologic balance-evapotranspiration and net infiltration for interglacial (present day), and future monsoon, glacial transition, and glacial climates at Yucca Mountain, using the data from analogue meteorological stations. In particular, the author analyzes semi-empirical models used for evaluating (1) reference-surface potential evapotranspiration, including temperature-based models (Hargreaves-Samani, Thornthwaite, Hamon, Jensen-Haise, and Turc) and radiation-based models (Priestly-Taylor and Penman), and (2) surface-dependent potential evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith and Shuttleworth-Wallace models). Evapotranspiration predictions are then used as inputs for the evaluation of net infiltration using the semi-empirical models of Budyko, Fu, Milly, Turc-Pike, and Zhang. Results show that net infiltration ranges are expected to generally increase from the present-day climate to monsoon climate, to glacial transition climate, and then to the glacial climate. The propagation of uncertainties through model predictions for different climates is characterized using statistical measures. Predicted evapotranspiration ranges are reasonably corroborated against the data from Class A pan evaporometers (taking into account evaporation-pan adjustment coefficients), and ranges of net infiltration predictions are corroborated against the geochemical and temperature-based estimates of groundwater recharge and percolation rates through the unsaturated

  4. Epistemic Uncertainty in Evaluation of Evapotranspiration and Net Infiltration Using Analogue Meteorological Data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    B. Faybishenko

    2006-01-01

    Uncertainty is typically defined as a potential deficiency in the modeling of a physical process, owing to a lack of knowledge. Uncertainty can be categorized as aleatoric (inherent uncertainty caused by the intrinsic randomness of the system) or epistemic (uncertainty caused by using various model simplifications and their parameters). One of the main reasons for model simplifications is a limited amount of meteorological data. This paper is devoted to the epistemic uncertainty quantification involved in two components of the hydrologic balance-evapotranspiration and net infiltration for interglacial (present day), and future monsoon, glacial transition, and glacial climates at Yucca Mountain, using the data from analogue meteorological stations. In particular, the author analyzes semi-empirical models used for evaluating (1) reference-surface potential evapotranspiration, including temperature-based models (Hargreaves-Samani, Thornthwaite, Hamon, Jensen-Haise, and Turc) and radiation-based models (Priestly-Taylor and Penman), and (2) surface-dependent potential evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith and Shuttleworth-Wallace models). Evapotranspiration predictions are then used as inputs for the evaluation of net infiltration using the semi-empirical models of Budyko, Fu, Milly, Turc-Pike, and Zhang. Results show that net infiltration ranges are expected to generally increase from the present-day climate to monsoon climate, to glacial transition climate, and then to the glacial climate. The propagation of uncertainties through model predictions for different climates is characterized using statistical measures. Predicted evapotranspiration ranges are reasonably corroborated against the data from Class A pan evaporometers (taking into account evaporation-pan adjustment coefficients), and ranges of net infiltration predictions are corroborated against the geochemical and temperature-based estimates of groundwater recharge and percolation rates through the unsaturated

  5. Well-ordered science and Indian epistemic cultures: toward a polycentered history of science.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ganeri, Jonardon

    2013-06-01

    This essay defends the view that "modern science," as with modernity in general, is a polycentered phenomenon, something that appears in different forms at different times and places. It begins with two ideas about the nature of rational scientific inquiry: Karin Knorr Cetina's idea of "epistemic cultures," and Philip Kitcher's idea of science as "a system of public knowledge," such knowledge as would be deemed worthwhile by an ideal conversation among the whole public under conditions of mutual engagement. This account of the nature of scientific practice provides us with a new perspective from which to understand key elements in the philosophical project of Jaina logicians in the seventh, eighth, and ninth centuries C.E. Jaina theory seems exceptionally well targeted onto two of the key constituents in the ideal conversation--the classification of all human points of view and the representation of end states of the deliberative process. The Buddhist theory of the Kathāvatthu contributes to Indian epistemic culture in a different way: by supplying a detailed theory of how human dialogical standpoints can be revised in the ideal conversation, an account of the phenomenon Kitcher labels "tutoring." Thus science in India has its own history, one that should be studied in comparison and contrast with the history of science in Europe. In answer to Joseph Needham, it was not 'modern science' which failed to develop in India or China but rather non-well-ordered science, science as unconstrained by social value and democratic consent. What I argue is that this is not a deficit in the civilisational histories of these countries, but a virtue.

  6. High School Students' Approaches to Learning Physics with Relationship to Epistemic Views on Physics and Conceptions of Learning Physics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiou, Guo-Li; Lee, Min-Hsien; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2013-01-01

    Background and purpose: Knowing how students learn physics is a central goal of physics education. The major purpose of this study is to examine the strength of the predictive power of students' epistemic views and conceptions of learning in terms of their approaches to learning in physics. Sample, design and method: A total of 279 Taiwanese high…

  7. Comparing Ethical and Epistemic Standards for Investigative Journalists and Equity-Oriented Collaborative Community-Based Researchers: Why Working for a University Matters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Newman, Anne; Glass, Ronald David

    2014-01-01

    Criticisms of IRBs are proliferating. In response, we compare the ethical and epistemic standards of two closely related forms of inquiry, investigative journalism and equity-oriented collaborative community-based research (EOCCBR). We argue that a university affiliation justifies formal ethical review of research and suggest how institutionalized…

  8. Cognitive Architecture and the Epistemic Gap: Defending Physicalism without Phenomenal Concepts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fazekas, Peter

    2011-01-01

    The novel approach presented in this paper accounts for the occurrence of the epistemic gap and defends physicalism against anti-physicalist arguments without relying on so-called phenomenal concepts. Instead of concentrating on conceptual features, the focus is shifted to the special...... characteristics of experiences themselves. To this extent, the account provided is an alternative to the Phenomenal Concept Strategy. It is argued that certain sensory representations, as accessed by higher cognition, lack constituent structure. Unstructured representations could freely exchange their causal...... to pose a serious problem for contemporary physicalism. I conclude that if those concepts which are related to the phenomenal character of conscious experience are special in any way, their characteristics are derivative of and can be accounted for in terms of the cognitive and representational features...

  9. Simulation as an ethical imperative and epistemic responsibility for the implementation of medical guidelines in health care.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garbayo, Luciana; Stahl, James

    2017-03-01

    Guidelines orient best practices in medicine, yet, in health care, many real world constraints limit their optimal realization. Since guideline implementation problems are not systematically anticipated, they will be discovered only post facto, in a learning curve period, while the already implemented guideline is tweaked, debugged and adapted. This learning process comes with costs to human health and quality of life. Despite such predictable hazard, the study and modeling of medical guideline implementation is still seldom pursued. In this article we argue that to systematically identify, predict and prevent medical guideline implementation errors is both an epistemic responsibility and an ethical imperative in health care, in order to properly provide beneficence, minimize or avoid harm, show respect for persons, and administer justice. Furthermore, we suggest that implementation knowledge is best achieved technically by providing simulation modeling studies to anticipate the realization of medical guidelines, in multiple contexts, with system and scenario analysis, in its alignment with the emerging field of implementation science and in recognition of learning health systems. It follows from both claims that it is an ethical imperative and an epistemic responsibility to simulate medical guidelines in context to minimize (avoidable) harm in health care, before guideline implementation.

  10. Hipertexto en contexto III

    OpenAIRE

    JUAN B. GUTIÉRREZ

    2000-01-01

    El artículo aborda la noción de Hipertexto desde tres puntos de vista: conceptual, histórico y funcional. Se proponen y/o definen nociones como hipertexto, interactividad, hipocomunicación mediática y evento comunicativo mediático. Se desarrolla una historia del hipertexto. Se define hipertexto como una unión de lexias vinculadas que permiten una lectura no lineal e interactiva. Se realiza una propuesta de interpretación comunicativa del hipertexto.

  11. Epistemic Beliefs about Justification Employed by Physics Students and Faculty in Two Different Problem Contexts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Çağlayan Mercan, Fatih

    2012-06-01

    This study examines the epistemic beliefs about justification employed by physics undergraduate and graduate students and faculty in the context of solving a standard classical physics problem and a frontier physics problem. Data were collected by a think-aloud problem solving session followed by a semi-structured interview conducted with 50 participants, 10 participants at freshmen, seniors, masters, PhD, and faculty levels. Seven modes of justification were identified and used for exploring the relationships between each justification mode and problem context, and expertise level. The data showed that justification modes were not mutually exclusive and many respondents combined different modes in their responses in both problem contexts. Success on solving the standard classical physics problem was not related to any of the justification modes and was independent of expertise level. The strength of the association across the problem contexts for the authoritative, rational, and empirical justification modes fell in the medium range and for the modeling justification mode fell in the large range of practical significance. Expertise level was not related with the empirical and religious justification modes. The strength of the association between the expertise level and the authoritative, rational, experiential, and relativistic justification modes fell in the medium range, and the modeling justification mode fell in the large range of practical significance. The results provide support for the importance of context for the epistemic beliefs about justification and are discussed in terms of the implications for teaching and learning science.

  12. El barrio itinerante. La estética como creación del espacio público

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Andrea Gómez-Gómez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo investigativo del que aquí se quiere dar cuenta, obedece a un interés políti- co, personal y profesional por intentar vislumbrar las maneras en que los sujetos sociales se relacionan, intercambian y conviven colectivamente en la ciudad hasta lograr su propia configuración comunitaria. La inquietud principal de la investigación parte de un fenómeno social de sobrevivencia barrial que visibiliza otras formas, alternativas, de construir lo urba- no, frente a los efectos ocasionados por la violenta intervención del “Macroproyecto de reno- vación urbana” aplicado a la Comuna San José de Manizales, Colombia. El presente artículo recoge la experiencia de una de las etapas del trabajo de campo de este estudio, en la que un grupo de niños y niñas, habitantes de la comuna y participantes del proceso, recrean su barrio a través de rutas y tránsitos comunes transformados por ellos en espacios de vida colectiva. La cartografía móvil como metodología permite vislumbrar los primeros trazos de sus formas de habitar y hacer espacio comunitario en el andar. En este horizonte reflexivo y humano de formación, creatividad y diálogo, se ha configurado un aprendizaje grupal itinerante, que encuentra en la calle la mejor manera de hacerse público, estético y social. Así, aborda la so- ciabilidad como un problema que requiere la construcción de herramientas comunicativas, comunitarias y culturales amplias que sirvan de pauta y desafío frente a la emergencia y posibilidad humanas de hacerse comunidad.

  13. La competencia comunicativa en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del inglés con fines específicos en la carrera de estomatología

    OpenAIRE

    Acosta Ortega, Luisa Francisca

    2012-01-01

    El proceso de formación de los profesionales de la salud se sustenta en un modelo pedagógico para la formación de un profesional de amplio perfil. Un papel importante en este sentido corresponde al dominio del Idioma inglés que permita la actualización científico-técnica y el desempeño profesional en cualquier lugar del mundo. En la práctica actual se perciben insuficiencias en la formación de la competencia comunicativa en el Inglés con Fines Específicos en la carrera de Estomatología, para ...

  14. ¡No es fácil ser un buen jefe/a! Influencia de las habilidades comunicativas de la dirección sobre la motivación, la autoeficacia y la satisfacción de sus equipos de trabajo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.ª CARMEN RAMIS PALMER

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde el punto de vista de la organización resulta altamente interesante saber qué debe hacer un mando para influir positivamente en la eficacia de su equipo. Relacionado con ello, y dada la importancia del sector servicios en nuestro país, se planteó una investigación sobre las variables que intervienen en la motivación, en la percepción de autoeficacia y en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores/as con diferentes puestos de trabajo y que realizan su trabajo en equipo, prestando especial atención a la influencia del mando a partir de sus habilidades comunicativas. La muestra de estudio estaba formada por 296 trabajadores/as integrados/as en 37 equipos de trabajo, a quienes se aplicó el "Job Diagnostic Survey" (Hackman y Oldman, 1974 y una escala para evaluar las habilidades sociales diseñada ad hoc. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran lo descrito en la literatura en cuanto a la importancia de las habilidades y competencias comunicativas de los mandos y directivos sobre la motivación, satisfacción y autoeficacia de sus colabores/as.

  15. Em busca de um perfil epistemológico para a prática educacional em educação em ciências Seeking an epistemic profile for educational practice in Science Education

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rejane Aurora Mion

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Procuramos fazer uma comparação entre programas de investigação científica em Lakatos (1978 e 1979 e programas de investigação-ação educacionais crítico-ativos, buscando assim o perfil epistemológico da prática educacional em ciências naturais, apontando em que a ciência pode iluminar a nossa prática, os nossos problemas de ensinar e aprender. Nas idéias de Lakatos, buscamos complementos para a estruturação de um programa de investigação-ação educacional na formação inicial de professores, bem como a orientação para a reconstrução racional da própria prática educacional. Não estamos querendo priorizar as ciências naturais sobre as ciências sociais, mesmo porque essa visão de mundo não daria conta dos problemas no ensino, pois são visões distintas. Buscamos bases epistemológicas para o fazer educativo.We carry out a comparison between the scientific research programs, described by Lakatos (1978 and 1979, and the educational programs of active critical action-research, seeking an epistemic profile and pointing out where science can clarify our practice and identify problems of learning and teaching. Taking into account Lakatos' ideas, we seek features to structure an educational action-research program for initial teachers as well as establishing guidelines for a rational reconstruction of teachers' own practice. We do not intend to prioritize natural sciences over social sciences because it would not solve the teaching problems since both present different points of view. We are seeking an epistemic foundation for educational practice.

  16. The Relationships among Scientific Epistemic Beliefs, Conceptions of Learning Science, and Motivation of Learning Science: A Study of Taiwan High School Students

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ho, Hsin-Ning Jessie; Liang, Jyh-Chong

    2015-01-01

    This study explores the relationships among Taiwanese high school students' scientific epistemic beliefs (SEBs), conceptions of learning science (COLS), and motivation of learning science. The questionnaire responses from 470 high school students in Taiwan were gathered for analysis to explain these relationships. The structural equation modeling…

  17. Uranium mining in Sierra Pintada: knowledge, epistemic communities and development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martinez Demarco, S. R.

    2011-01-01

    This paper analyses the conflict triggered by the National Atomic Energy Commission of Argentina (CNEA) proposing to re-open the Mining Complex of Sierra Pintada, in San Rafael, Province of Mendoza. Since 2004 when the Commission submitted the first report to the Ministry of Public Works and Environment of Mendoza to obtain the necessary permission to restart the works in the mine, several protests have taken place and many legal measures were taken in order to stop any resuming attempts. This study argues that, although CNEA has been an epistemic community capable of applying their policy proposals in the nuclear field, their technical knowledge is currently not sufficient to design a policy, and moreover, to hold that they are working for local and sustainable development. Only 'puzzling' 'with actors' paradigms and knowledge is possible to fit together their demands and achieve a public policy, or solution, for this problem. (author) [es

  18. The epistemic representation: visual production and communication of scientific knowledge.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco López Cantos

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Despite its great influence on the History of Science, visual representations have attracted marginal interest until very recently and have often been regarded as a simple aid for mere illustration or scientific demonstration. However, it has been shown that visualization is an integral element of reasoning and a highly effective and common heuristic strategy in the scientific community and that the study of the conditions of visual production and communication are essential in the development of scientific knowledge. In this paper we deal with the nature of the various forms of visual representation of knowledge that have been happening throughout the history of science, taking as its starting point the illustrated monumental works and three-dimensional models that begin to develop within the scientific community around the fifteenth century. The main thesis of this paper is that any scientific visual representations have common elements that allow us to approach them from epistemic nature, heuristic and communicative dimension.

  19. The `Nature of Science' and the Perils of Epistemic Relativism

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romero-Maltrana, Diego; Benitez, Federico; Vera, Francisco; Rivera, Rodrigo

    2017-11-01

    There is an increasing demand in the field of science education for the incorporation of philosophical and sociological aspects that are related to the scientific enterprise in school curricula, to the extent that the incorporation of these aspects is now considered a necessity. Several of these aspects can be categorised within the framework of the nature of science, or NOS. We warn that a possible misinterpretation of the common view of NOS tenets can lead to epistemic relativism. We pay special attention to the empirical and objective nature of science because these important features, properly understood, can help eliminate subjective flaws and protect against relativism. Some of the epistemological concepts that are relevant to this discussion are disambiguated in an attempt to prevent the temptation to take views to an extreme, as has occurred in some cases. We expect this analysis to contribute to the extant literature by improving how science is presented in the classroom without oversimplifying scientific practice.

  20. The Political Self: How Identity Aligns Preferences With Epistemic Needs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Federico, Christopher M; Ekstrom, Pierce D

    2018-06-01

    Numerous studies have indicated that the need for closure predicts political preferences. We examined a potential moderator of this relationship: political-identity centrality, or the extent to which individuals' political preferences are central to their self-concept. We tested three hypotheses. First, we predicted that need for closure would be more strongly related to political identity (symbolic ideology and party identification; Hypothesis 1) and issue positions (operational ideology; Hypothesis 2) among individuals who see their political preferences as more self-central. Then we predicted that the stronger relationship between need for closure and issue positions among individuals high in centrality would be accounted for by stronger relationships between need for closure and political identity and between political identity and issue positions (Hypothesis 3). Data from a nationally representative survey provide evidence for these hypotheses, suggesting that the relationship between epistemic needs and political preferences differs as a function of how self-relevant politics is.

  1. El efecto de rebote y la expresión oral en inglés

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulises Escalona Sánchez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó la formación de la habilidad de expresión oral en inglés en estudiantes de preuniversitario, con énfasis en las potencialidades del efecto de rebote de la categoría evaluación dadas sus implicaciones en tal proceso. Primeramente, se abordó la mencionada habilidad comunicativa. Luego, se trata la categoría evaluación vista como un proceso donde su efecto de rebote juega un rol trascendental al estimular a los estudiantes hacia el aprendizaje de la expresión oral en la lengua extranjera. Para realizar este trabajo se tuvo en cuenta categorías clave como competencia comunicativa, expresión oral, evaluación y efecto de rebote, con una mirada desde las diferentes ciencias relacionadas con las mismas. Finalmente, se abogó por una reconceptualización teórica de estas categorías y su profundo conocimiento y sistematización por parte del profesor de Inglés para lograr una mejor comunicación oral en los estudiantes.

  2. Students' Scientific Epistemic Beliefs, Online Evaluative Standards, and Online Searching Strategies for Science Information: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Load Experience

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hsieh, Ya-Hui; Tsai, Chin-Chung

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of cognitive load experience between students' scientific epistemic beliefs and information commitments, which refer to online evaluative standards and online searching strategies. A total of 344 science-related major students participated in this study. Three questionnaires were…

  3. [The epistemic objects of toxoplasmoses and their re-presentation in an international scientific conference].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, Vera Lucia Marques da; Camargo Júnior, Kenneth Rochel de

    2012-06-01

    The paper investigates the epistemic objects of Toxoplasma gondii and the correlation of forces of research groups committed to redefine or reconfigure toxoplasmosis. The data research and this analysis were conducted in a scientific congress, according to the concepts of 'manipulation' and 'reenactment,' based on the idea of 'dramatization' proposed by Mol in a study of empirical philosophy. It was found that the objects were represented from diversified hues and with strong ties to the industrial complex. For its projection in the trends of the global economy in the twenty-first century, genetics was a major protagonist in the debates on sole causality, one of the convictions of Western science.

  4. Bridging Parallel Rows: Epistemic Difference and Relational Accountability in Cross-Cultural Research

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicole Latulippe

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available To what extent are non-Indigenous researchers invited to engage the knowledges of Indigenous peoples? For those working within a western paradigm, what is an ethical approach to traditional knowledge (TK research? While these questions are not openly addressed in the burgeoning literature on TK, scholarship on Indigenous research methodologies provides guidance. Reflexive self-study - what Margaret Kovach calls researcher preparation - subtends an ethical approach. It makes relational, contextual, and mutually beneficial research possible. In my work on contested fisheries knowledge and decision-making systems in Ontario, Canada, a treaty perspective orients my mixed methodological approach. It reflects my relationships to Indigenous lands, peoples, and histories, and enables an ethical space of engagement through which relational accountability and respect for epistemic difference can be realized.

  5. Diagnóstico de la competencia comunicativa en inglés de un grupo de escolares chilenos:: puntos de encuentro con su perfil estratégico A diagnosis of the English communicative competence of a group of Chilean students: - Some common issues with their strategic profile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Gabriela Sanhueza Jara

    Full Text Available Resumen Recientemente, el Ministerio de Educación de Chile aplicó por primera vez una evaluación de las habilidades receptivas en inglés a todos los estudiantes de tercer año de enseñanza media del país. Este diagnóstico permitió advertir que en las áreas de comprensión auditiva y comprensión lectora alcanzan niveles insuficientes. Sin embargo, aún es muy poco lo que se ha investigado, en el contexto educacional chileno, acerca del estado de la competencia comunicativa de nuestros jóvenes en lengua inglesa. La presente investigación se propone establecer algunos puntos de encuentro entre la descripción de la competencia comunicativa en inglés de un grupo de escolares chilenos y el perfil de estrategias de aprendizaje de lengua extranjera que les caracteriza. Este estudio corresponde a uno descriptivo, transversal, de caso único. Los datos analizados provienen de los informes de resultados de la aplicación del examen First Certificate in English y de un perfil estratégico de aprendizaje de inglés como idioma extranjero obtenido a partir del cuestionario Strategy Inventory for Language Learning.Abstract Recently, the Chilean Ministry of Education has applied for the first time, an assessment of the receptive skills in the English language of every Chilean third year high school student. This diagnosis evinced that in the areas of listening and reading comprehension, the students'level was unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, what has been investigated with respect to the Chilean school students'level of communicative competence in English has been very little. The present investigation seeks to establish some common issues between the description of the communicative competence of the Chilean students and their typical, foreign language learning strategic profile. This unique case study is one that is descriptive and transversal. Analyzed data was gathered from the First Certificate in English examination reports and a strategic

  6. Joint analysis of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty in stability analysis for geo-hazard assessments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rohmer, Jeremy; Verdel, Thierry

    2017-04-01

    Uncertainty analysis is an unavoidable task of stability analysis of any geotechnical systems. Such analysis usually relies on the safety factor SF (if SF is below some specified threshold), the failure is possible). The objective of the stability analysis is then to estimate the failure probability P for SF to be below the specified threshold. When dealing with uncertainties, two facets should be considered as outlined by several authors in the domain of geotechnics, namely "aleatoric uncertainty" (also named "randomness" or "intrinsic variability") and "epistemic uncertainty" (i.e. when facing "vague, incomplete or imprecise information" such as limited databases and observations or "imperfect" modelling). The benefits of separating both facets of uncertainty can be seen from a risk management perspective because: - Aleatoric uncertainty, being a property of the system under study, cannot be reduced. However, practical actions can be taken to circumvent the potentially dangerous effects of such variability; - Epistemic uncertainty, being due to the incomplete/imprecise nature of available information, can be reduced by e.g., increasing the number of tests (lab or in site survey), improving the measurement methods or evaluating calculation procedure with model tests, confronting more information sources (expert opinions, data from literature, etc.). Uncertainty treatment in stability analysis usually restricts to the probabilistic framework to represent both facets of uncertainty. Yet, in the domain of geo-hazard assessments (like landslides, mine pillar collapse, rockfalls, etc.), the validity of this approach can be debatable. In the present communication, we propose to review the major criticisms available in the literature against the systematic use of probability in situations of high degree of uncertainty. On this basis, the feasibility of using a more flexible uncertainty representation tool is then investigated, namely Possibility distributions (e

  7. STORYTELLING AS A COMMUNICATIVE ACT / LA NARRACIÓN ORAL COMO ACTO DE COMUNICACIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Nela Barba Téllez

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available The material presented discloses a topic of great value and current importance in the context of Pedagogy and Educative Psychology: the storytelling for children. It is intended for those teachers, who before the imminence and fast pace of daily life, are aware of the value of the communication, participation and conversation as resources that enhance the imagination. The purpose of this material is to stimulate the reflection and creativity of teachers to enable the development of storytelling skill in groups of boys and girls, based on the communicative approach, through which is acknowledged that in the storytelling, as a communicative act, the communicative elements that are involved in communication are present. They are essentially a code, a message, a channel, a transmitter, a receiver and the communicative situation. RESUMEN: El material que se presenta se adentra en un tema de gran valor y actualidad en el contexto actual de la Pedagogía y la Psicología Educativa: la narración (oral para/con niñas y niños. Va dirigido a aquellos maestros que ante la inmediatez y el ritmo acelerado de la vida cotidiana, toman conciencia del valor de la comunicación, la participación y el diálogo, como recursos que potencian la dinámica de la narración oral. La intención es despertar la reflexividad y la creatividad de los maestros para favorecer el desarrollo de la narración en grupos de niñas y niños, desde la óptica del enfoque comunicativo, donde se reconoce que en la narración oral como acto de comunicación están presentes los elementos que intervienen en el acto comunicativo. Estos son esencialmente un código, un mensaje, un canal; un emisor, un interlocutor y la situación comunicativa.

  8. La narrativa organizacional como estrategia y herramienta comunicativa en la Universidad EAN

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Hernández, Alejandra

    2013-01-01

    El mundo de hoy nos presenta nuevas nociones y alternativas para aumentar el bienestar y el éxito de las personas en sus empresas y generar así un ambiente agradable entre sus miembros. Algunas empresas optan por capacitaciones, otras por charlas motivacionales y otras por eventos que a largo plazo no tienen ya ningún efecto en sus empleados. Sin embargo, la constante interacción de estos con la organización a la que pertenecen permite desarrollar historias interesantes que al ser narradas da...

  9. Aproximación a la descripción de las prácticas de escritura vernácula en Internet de estudiantes chilenos de enseñanza superior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Inés Pérez Aguilar

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo es un compendio del estudio interpretativo de naturaleza cualitativa –denominado “Prácticas de escritura vernácula en Internet: Estudio cualitativo de las competencias comunicativas en estudiantes de enseñanza superior”–, que tuvo como objetivos describir las prácticas letradas vernáculas en el ámbito de las comunicaciones digitales escritas, de un grupo de estudiantes de la educación superior chilena, y caracterizar las competencias comunicativas implicadas en estas prácticas. Mediante un diseño de investigación narrativa, el estudio se basó en entrevistas y el acceso a espacios personales en Internet de cuatro jóvenes, entre 18 y 22 años, quienes, dentro de un grupo de 124 estudiantes, presentaron el peril de producto res de contenidos en Internet y manifestaron su voluntad de participar. Los resultados permitieron identiicar dos grandes divisiones en la categorización de los datos obtenidos: los signiicados y las formas. La primera correspondiente a los contextos, contenidos y inalidades que motivan estos escritos. La segunda, que alude a las formas de estos mensajes y que conluyen con las funciones del lenguaje. De la interpretación y análisis de lo anterior, se identiicaron las prácticas letradas en estudio, como un espacio de manifestación de los procesos de subjetivación de los sujetos de estudio, instaladas en el marco de lo denominado ciberculturas juveniles, advirtiéndose la inminente diversiicación del concepto de competencia comunicativa. A modo conclusivo se describió el estado de estas prácticas y se caracterizaron las competencias comunicativas en el marco de un conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes en el uso de la lengua, requerido para consumir, producir, compartir y difundir contenidos en los escenarios virtuales.

  10. Materiales y recursos para trabajar la técnica de "Phonic" con alumnos/as de Educación Primaria

    OpenAIRE

    Regaño Sacristán, Elena

    2013-01-01

    La lectoescritura es la capacidad de leer y escribir. Para adquirir la lectoescritura en una lengua extranjera como el inglés, es necesario adquirir las habilidades comunicativas oportunas. El conocimiento fonológico es de gran importancia en la adquisición de la lectoescritura. Uno de los principales enfoques para la enseñanza de la lectoescritura en inglés es la técnica de "phonics". Ampliamente utilizado en el Reino Unido, el método conocido como "synthetic phonics" es recom...

  11. Algunos criterios acerca de la competencia comunicativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Idolka Viera Bayeaux

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Se aborda un tema de gran interés para la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura; pues constituye una nueva teoría cognitiva en la que introduce el concepto de competencia como capacidades y disposiciones para la interpretación y actuación. Se ofrecen criterios expuestos por algunos especialistas los cuales se deben tener en cuenta al trabajar este contenido. A partir de las distintas definiciones expuestas se puede apreciar que para los diferentes autores la comunicación es en esencia un proceso de interacción de informaciones, de interacción y de colaboración.

  12. ¡Vamos al cine! Integrar la web 2.0 en el aula a través de una tarea digital colaborativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Sedano Cuevas

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta una experiencia práctica real basada en una tarea digital comunicativa a través de una red social de cine. La enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera lleva mucho tiempo basándose en un aprendizaje significativo por tareas donde las actividades tienen un objetivo que además de ser lingüístico debe ir más allá, hacia un aprendizaje social y cultural de la lengua, orientado a una situación comunicativa real. La autonomía del aprendiente, el aprendizaje por descubrimiento o el aprendizaje cooperativo también se han convertido en conceptos esenciales del mundo E/LE. ¿Por qué no aplicar estos conceptos al uso de las TIC tan integradas en el día a día de nuestros alumnos? ¿Por qué no ver que el uso de las redes sociales puede suponer un aprendizaje sumamente cooperativo y social más allá de las relaciones y situaciones comunicativas de la clase hacia una verdadera conversación social?

  13. La metáfora como proceso cognitivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Amparo Fajardo Uribe

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available La metáfora es un mecanismo que hace posible conceptualizar y reconceptualizar el mundo a partir de la traslación de rasgos de un dominio de origen a un dominio de llegada. En esa medida, la metáfora no necesita inventar nuevos términos para referirse a la realidad, sino que a partir de los ya existentes brinda una visión diferente de ésta en tanto que ha sido enriquecida con la afectividad y la emotividad del sujeto cognoscente. Por esa razón, la comprensión y producción metafórica requiere más de la competencia comunicativa que de la competencia lingüística, dado que el sentido que éste adopta depende del contexto comunicativo y no de la constitución léxica, morfológica sintáctica del enunciado.

  14. Analytical derivation: An epistemic game for solving mathematically based physics problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bajracharya, Rabindra R.; Thompson, John R.

    2016-06-01

    Problem solving, which often involves multiple steps, is an integral part of physics learning and teaching. Using the perspective of the epistemic game, we documented a specific game that is commonly pursued by students while solving mathematically based physics problems: the analytical derivation game. This game involves deriving an equation through symbolic manipulations and routine mathematical operations, usually without any physical interpretation of the processes. This game often creates cognitive obstacles in students, preventing them from using alternative resources or better approaches during problem solving. We conducted hour-long, semi-structured, individual interviews with fourteen introductory physics students. Students were asked to solve four "pseudophysics" problems containing algebraic and graphical representations. The problems required the application of the fundamental theorem of calculus (FTC), which is one of the most frequently used mathematical concepts in physics problem solving. We show that the analytical derivation game is necessary, but not sufficient, to solve mathematically based physics problems, specifically those involving graphical representations.

  15. Diseño de una estrategia comunicativa para sensibilizar a la población sobre la contaminación ambiental, auditiva y visual de la ciudad de Quito en el Centro Histórico.

    OpenAIRE

    Naranjo Caicedo, María José; Pérez Robayo, María Belén

    2012-01-01

    La selección del tema “Diseño de una estrategia comunicativa para sensibilizar a la población sobre la contaminación ambiental, auditiva y visual de la Ciudad de Quito en el Centro Histórico”, se dio ante la preocupación del deterioro ambiental que se vive en esta ciudad, debido al crecimiento poblacional y por la negligencia de las autoridades y la poca sensibilidad de población en general. Al egresar de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, se siente la obligación de concienc...

  16. La traducción del francés coloquial en la prensa escrita femenina

    OpenAIRE

    Mustea, Denisa

    2014-01-01

    En este trabajo presentamos una descripción de las características del francés coloquial –registro espontáneo, caracterizado por su variabilidad y riqueza de matices– desde un punto de vista teórico-práctico. Ello nos permitirá aplicar nuestros conocimientos de la lengua francesa como lengua extranjera –el registro coloquial desempeña un papel importante dada la gran cantidad de situaciones comunicativas en las que se produce en la vida diaria–, así como nuestras competencias traductoras y de...

  17. Análisis, diseño y aplicación de modelos de diálogo flexibles, contextuales y dinámicos basados en redes bayesianas

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Martínez, Fernando

    2008-01-01

    Resumen El habla es el medio de comunicación natural entre personas. Como evolución de todo lo aprendido durante prácticamente medio siglo de investigación en tecnología del habla, ha llegado el momento de diseñar sistemas que hagan uso de la capacidad comunicativa del habla, aunque esta vez con máquinas como interlocutoras. En ese sentido creemos que es fundamental incorporar al diseño de tales sistemas las ideas recogidas bajo el concepto de “inteligencia ambiental”, ofreciendo así, interfa...

  18. The Dangers of 'Warming and Replenishing' (wenbu ) during the Ming to Qing Epistemic Transition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Vries, Leslie

    2015-01-01

    Through a case study of Zhao Xianke's One Principle through Medicine ( Yiguan ) (1617?) and Xu Dachun's (1693-1771) denouncements of this text, my article zooms in on divergent discourses on the safety and efficacy of medicinal substances and compounds in late imperial China. Although Xu Dachun's fierce attacks on the popular 'warming and replenishing' ( wenbu ) therapies can be situated in an epistemic shift from the cosmology of 'Song learning' ( songxue ) towards the philology of 'Han learning' ( hanxue ) and 'evidential research' ( kaozheng ), I argue that more complex issues were at stake as well. Changed political, social, ethical, and economic realities shaped new and multifaceted perceptions of the nature of medicine, the medical profession, and the usage of medicinals in the aftermath of the Ming to Qing transition.

  19. El XSLT como herramienta para el diseño de sistemas lexicográficos informatizados: aplicación a adjetivos de un léxico meta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leoni de León, Antonio

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available El artículo expone el procedimiento seguido para la clasificación y análisis de los adjetivos de un léxico meta propuesto para el Segundo Ciclo de la Educación General Básica. Se utiliza el XSLT como herramienta para el diseño de sistemas lexicográficos informatizados y se prueba su idoneidad, pues entre otras ventajas, éste favorece la manipulación del amplio corpus, por parte de quienes investigan y planifican su enseñanza y su incorporación a la competencia comunicativa de la niñez costarricense. The article exposes the procedure followed for the classification and analysis of the adjectives of a meta-vocabulary proposed for the Second Cycle of the Basic General Education. The XSLT is used as a tool for the design of computerized lexicographical systems; and its suitability is proven by, among other advantages, its ability to manipulate the vast corpus. This ability is given to those who investigate and plan the education of the vocabulary and its addition to the communication proficiency of the Costa Rica’s childhood.

  20. FISHING IN SINALOA: BRIEF HISTORY AND SEARCH OF EPISTEME

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    Ramón Enrique Morán-Angulo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper reports from bibliographic woven into three sections: a brief history of the prehispanic fishing, where the encounter between the indigenous communities of the State of Sinaloa and species that supported the incursion of primitive society in the various ecosystems are described water that make up the vast and varied territory of Sinaloa, where fishing is born as a function of interaction between society and nature through a deep empirical knowledge and a handmade primitive instrumentality that positions in the ecosystem within the flows of matter and energy. The importance of the species used for food fishing, religious symbolism and knowledge acquired and transmitted is denoted by the fishing process. In the second section the economic and social importance of fishing is contextualized, highlighting the current situation based on official information from the volumes recorded catch, species of economic importance and an account of the public policy process becomes mandataron fisheries, identifying transcendent moments on the national fisheries police and the current problem by going through today. Finally the episteme that addresses human resources training and scientific research supporting the fishing process Sinaloa taking the experience in developing the curriculum innovation plan of the Faculty of Marine Science in 2007 is discussed.

  1. La actuación del docente en su encargo social hacia la promoción de la salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Destrade Bonome

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available La estimulación de las habilidades comunicativas y las habilidades para la vida mediante la participación social intersectorial, promueve el cumplimiento de los principios de la Promoción de la Salud y la Comunicación desde los procesos sustantivos de la universidad. La investigación-acción a partir de una tesis en Promoción de la salud en sistemas educativos, permitió la implementación de un sistema de acciones dialéctico-materialista con enfoque histórico cultural, fundamentada en la educación desarrolladora y el empleo de métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemáticos, para su instrumentación científico-metodológica en la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina. En encuestas aplicadas a 16 profesores guías (muestra, 11 directivos docentes y 32 estudiantes con dificultades comunicativas, la técnica “Matriz DAFO” desarrollada con los participantes y el criterio de los especialistas, se consideró adecuada y pertinente, esto motivó a los autores a plantearse como objetivo socializar un sistema de acciones como una vía para la promoción de la salud, a partir de la actuación del docente en su encargo social para la atención a las dificultades comunicativas de los estudiantes. Este sistema de acciones posibilitó elevar la autoestima, el mejoramiento de las relaciones interper-sonales, la calidad de vida y del habla de los estudiantes y el bienestar emocional de los implicados en las acciones de carácter contextualizado y personalizado.

  2. La ausencia campesina en la Argentina como producción científica y enfoque de intervención The absence peasant in Argentina as scientific production and intervention approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Barbetta

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo los autores plantean que es imprescindible recuperar un concepto con vasta trayectoria en los estudios rurales. Para ello se problematizan las formas en que dicho concepto fue caracterizado tanto desde la academia como desde los programas de intervención estatal. A la par, se propone un cambio epistémico que permita reconocer al sujeto campesino en sus discursos y prácticas: Soberanía Alimentaria, Reforma Agraria Integral, Agroecología y Justicia Ambiental dan cuenta tanto de la historicidad del sujeto como de la capacidad del mismo de insertarse en debates actuales que convocan a toda la sociedadIn this paper the authors argue that it is essential to recover a concept with vast experience in rural studies. This is problematized the ways in which this concept was characterized both from academiaand from state intervention programs. Also proposes an epistemic change which recognizes the subject peasant in his speeches and his practices: Food Sovereignty, Integral Agrarian Reform, Agroecology and Environmental Justice mark the historicity of the subject and the ability to insert in the current debates that involve the entire society

  3. Understanding student use of mathematics in IPLS with the Math Epistemic Games Survey

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eichenlaub, Mark; Hemingway, Deborah; Redish, Edward F.

    2017-01-01

    We present the Math Epistemic Games Survey (MEGS), a new concept inventory on the use of mathematics in introductory physics for the life sciences. The survey asks questions that are often best-answered via techniques commonly-valued in physics instruction, including dimensional analysis, checking special or extreme cases, understanding scaling relationships, interpreting graphical representations, estimation, and mapping symbols onto physical meaning. MEGS questions are often rooted in quantitative biology. We present preliminary data on the validation and administration of the MEGS in a large, introductory physics for the life sciences course at the University of Maryland, as well as preliminary results on the clustering of questions and responses as a guide to student resource activation in problem solving. This material is based upon work supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award No. 15-04366.

  4. Otra forma de decir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sofía Cabrera

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available La Casa Viuda de Doris Salcedo es el punto de partida para una reflexión sobre el ser político del arte, desde el silencio de la conmemoración. Esta obra despliega una relación esencial entre el espacio existencial y el espacio artístico que rastreamos en tres direcciones: como un espacio histórico y fenoménico en la concepción del espacio como acontecimiento, en la relación ontológica y comunicativa del arte y la cultura que pone la obra como presentación y como representación y en el carácter transgresor de la obra que conmemora el espacio y el dolor del otro

  5. BRANDING: INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD ENTRE PUBLICIDAD, DISEÑO, MARKETING Y COMUNICACIÓN.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alonso Eduardo Veloz Arce

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente ensayo tiene como finalidad relacionar al Branding con otras áreas de estudio que en ocasiones confundimos por otros factores comunes que se usan en ellas como: promocionar, mencionar, comunicar, posicionar, recordar o vender, productos o servicios. El Branding como área de estudio no busca trabajar de forma independiente frente a otras áreas como: Marketing, Diseño, Comunicación o Publicidad, sino que busca trabajar de forma conjunta para lograr el éxito y cumplimiento de estrategias comunicativas, de marketing, de promoción y de ventas. Es necesario indicar que el Branding se apoya en otras áreas para lograr su fin deseado, el mismo que a lo largo del texto a continuación se indica.

  6. EL PENSAMIENTO SOCIAL EN LA PROPUESTA DE LA PEDAGOGÍA DEL OPRIMIDO DE PAULO FREIRE

    OpenAIRE

    MONTOYA PÉREZ, JULIO ALBERTO

    2013-01-01

    consideraron cinco aspectos que son el resultado del análisis a las categorías, estos tienen que ver fundamentalmente con el proceso emancipatorio, la comunión docente-discente, la acción comunicativa, la concepción del amor, la concientización como proceso de aprendizaje, la perspectiva humanista en el aula y la pedagogía crítica.

  7. LA NOCIÓN DE PODER DESDE FOUCAULT: UNA PERSPECTIVA EDUCOMUNICACIONAL

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    Victoria Elena Santillán Briceño

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En la empresa de las ciencias humanas se privilegia la comprensión del proceso mismo de la construcción de la realidad social. Pretensión que apuesta por la reflexión de las condiciones materiales de la vida social en el reconocimiento de elaboraciones simbólicas, personales y colectivas.Para esto, es importante considerar que no hay una sola racionalidad desde la que sean pensables todas las dimensiones de la actual complejidad, ello abre el espacio al análisis procesual de las instituciones sociales. Así, la producción social del conocimiento puede examinarse a partir de la propia trama comunicativa –modos y agentes de emisión, recepción, interpretación, relación y procesos simbólicos- que constituyen lo cultural, estrechamente ligado con la articulación y propagación del discurso verdadero, con las formas de producción, reproducción, distribución y circulación del saber. Ya que educación es hoy, construcción de significados que tienen como base la comunicación. Es justamente en el cruce de los dispositivos desarrollados por el pensamiento de Foucault, donde se propone el reconocimiento de los instrumentos teórico-metodológicos para el abordaje investigativo de la educación en su dimensión comunicativa. Enfoque que modifica el análisis hermenéutico de la construcción y reconstrucción de identidades sociales y representaciones que otorgan sentido y significación a las prácticas sociales.Se trata de no ver al ser humano como un objeto sino como factor de cambio para todo el sistema social, a través de descubrir y describir los sistemas estratégicos de saber y poder que configuran la subjetividad que atraviesa y permea toda práctica educativa, comunicativa y social.

  8. Caracterização da interação comunicativa entre pais de crianças e adolescentes deficientes auditivos que utilizam comunicação oral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Mochiatti Guijo

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a interação comunicativa entre pais ouvintes e crianças ou adolescentes com deficiência auditiva que utilizam comunicação oral, por meio da análise de filmagens. Métodos: participaram deste estudo os pais de nove crianças e nove adolescentes com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural bilateral, pré-lingual de grau moderado a profundo, que frequentam ou frequentaram um programa de intervenção fonoaudiológica, com ênfase no desenvolvimento da função auditiva e comunicação oral. Entre as nove crianças, quatro fazem uso de implante coclear e cinco de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual. Em relação aos adolescentes, seis fazem uso de implante coclear e três de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual. O procedimento adotado foi a Escala de Índice de Comportamentos que promovem a Comunicação, a qual apresenta 22 comportamentos que analisam a interação quanto à estimulação da audição e linguagem. Os referidos comportamentos foram pontuados a partir de uma escala Likert e classificados como "raramente", "ocorre" e "frequentemente". A interação entre os deficientes auditivos e seus pais foi filmada para posterior análise de três juízes com experiência na área de audiologia educacional. Resultados: foram realizadas 18 filmagens da interação, nas quais foi possível estabelecer uma concordância entre os juízes de 97,8%. Foi estatisticamente significante a ocorrência do comportamento "frequentemente". Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram que os pais, inseridos em um programa de reabilitação auditiva onde se enfatiza o uso de estratégias que favorecem o desenvolvimento de habilidades linguísticas e auditivas, empregam adequadamente comportamentos comunicativos na interação com seus filhos, em uma situação controlada.

  9. El CO2 como disolvente y como reactivo

    OpenAIRE

    La Franca Pitarresi, Vincenzo Rosario

    2016-01-01

    Existen numerosas ventajas asociada con el uso de CO2 , tanto como disolvente que como reactivo, y todas se pueden resumir en cuatro categorías generales: beneficios ambiental, beneficios de salud y seguridad, beneficios en el procedimiento y beneficios químicos. Los procesos que implican el CO2 como disolvente no aumentaría las emisiones de CO2, más bien proporcionaría una oportunidad para el reciclaje de CO2 residual. Además, los esfuerzos para secuestrar el CO2 producido de los gases de co...

  10. Institutional Learning and Knowledge Transfer Across Epistemic Communities New Tools of Global Governance

    CERN Document Server

    Carayannis, Elias G; Popescu, Denisa

    2012-01-01

    Over the past several decades, as the pace of globalization has accelerated, operational issues of international coordination have often been overlooked.  For example, the global financial crisis that began in 2007 is attributed, in part, to a lack of regulatory oversight.  As a result, supranational organizations, such as the G-20, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund, have prioritized strengthening of the international financial architecture and providing opportunities for dialogue on national policies, international co-operation, and international financial institutions. Prevailing characteristics of the global economic systems, such as the increasing power of financial institutions, changes in the structure of global production, decline in the authority of nation-states over their national economy, and  creation of global institutional setting, e.g., global governance have created the conditions for a naturally evolving process towards enabling national epistemic communities to create in...

  11. Evidence for the role of self-priming in epistemic action: expertise and the effective use of memory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maglio, Paul P; Wenger, Michael J; Copeland, Angelina M

    2008-01-01

    Epistemic actions are physical actions people take to simplify internal problem solving rather than to move closer to an external goal. When playing the video game Tetris, for instance, experts routinely rotate falling shapes more than is strictly needed to place the shapes. Maglio and Kirsh [Kirsh, D., & Maglio, P. (1994). On distinguishing epistemic from pragmatic action. Cognitive Science, 18, 513-549; Maglio, P. P. (1995). The computational basis of interactive skill. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego] proposed that such actions might serve the purpose of priming memory by external means, reducing the need for internal computation (e.g., mental rotation), and resulting in performance improvements that exceed the cost of taking additional actions. The present study tests this priming hypothesis in a set of four experiments. The first three explored precisely the conditions under which priming produces benefits. Results showed that presentation of multiple orientations of a shape led to faster responses than did presentation of a single orientation, and that this effect depended on the interval between preview and test. The fourth explored whether the benefit of seeing shapes in multiple orientations outweighs the cost of taking the extra actions to rotate shapes physically. Benefits were measured using a novel statistical method for mapping reaction-time data onto an estimate of the increase in processing capacity afforded by seeing multiple orientations. Cost was measured using an empirical estimate of time needed to take action in Tetris. Results showed that indeed the increase in internal processing capacity obtained from seeing shapes in multiple orientations outweighed the time to take extra actions.

  12. Identidad ética y redes sociales: El debate identitario en las comunidades afrodescendientes de Orkut enel contexto del censo demográfico brasileño de 2010

    OpenAIRE

    Rodrigues Santos, Elza Fátima

    2016-01-01

    Las relaciones raciales en Brasil y las redes sociales constituyen un ámbito de estudio poco explorado en tanto en las universidades brasileñas como en las españolas. Nos resulta relevante desarrollar líneas de investigación que permitan una aproximación científica a estos fenómenos sociales, donde se manifiestan la representación, la mediación comunicativa, la identidad, la negritud y las nuevas tecnologías. Límites de la investigación La investigación tiene como marco temporal los años 2009...

  13. El uso de Soportes Electrónicos en la Evaluación del Aprendizaje del Inglés

    OpenAIRE

    González, Dafne; Sales Arasa, Cristina; Peirats Chacón, José

    2001-01-01

    Ante la rápida incursión de los soportes electrónicos en la enseñanza de idiomas y dada la importancia que tiene la evaluación tanto para los aprendices como para todo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el uso que se le está dando a estos soportes en el aula para la evaluación del logro de la competencia comunicativa del inglés a nivel universitario Este estudio exploratorio analiza, en primer lugar, la experiencia de algunos docentes de inglés que u...

  14. Comunicación, lenguaje y educación: una mirada desde las teorías de la complejidad Communication, language and education: a look from the theories of complexity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rita Flórez Romero

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta un modelo conceptual de la relación comunicación-educación desde los planteamientos de la complejidad, utilizando como unidad de análisis la interacción comunicativa. En el nacimiento de las explicaciones desde la complejidad, se explica el concepto de sistema, entendido como un conjunto de elementos y de relaciones entre éstos, que tienden a mantenerse organizadas y de las cuales surgen elementos no preexistentes. De acá se derivan los principales conceptos básicos de teorías de la complejidad para explicar la interacción comunicativa: la autoorganización, la no linealidad y la relación del sistema con otros sistemas subordinados y superordenados. Dichos conceptos explican tres aspectos de la interacción comunicativa en educación: estructuras de conocimiento, relación aprendiz-maestro y ambientes o espacios de conocimiento. Los avances en el marco de relación entre complejidad, educación y comunicación muestran la necesidad de una perspectiva evolutiva integradora de las dinámicas causales de la interacción comunicativa para explicar la complejidad de la realidad educativa. Este nuevo lenguaje debe centrarse en una nueva síntesis de las ciencias naturales y las ciencias sociales.This work presents a conceptual model on the relationship communication - education from the perspective of complexity theories, using communicative interaction as analysis unit. In the birth of complexity explanations, the concept of system is explained, and is understood as a set of elements and relationships among them that tend to stay organized and to generate new elements. From this point of view, the basic concepts in complexity theories -self-organization, non-linearity, and the relationships among the system and other subordinate and superordinate systems -emerge as an explanation to communicative interaction. These concepts explain three communicative interaction aspects in education: knowledge structures, teacher

  15. Traducir como práctica cultural. Tertulias, academias y traducción en la España del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gelz, Andreas

    2001-06-01

    cambio de orientación cultural relacionado con el problema de la traducción y para nada indiscutido: Feijoo (y sus préstamos del francés con miras a la Ilustración europea y su recepción crítica en España: Gracián (y su traducción al italiano en atención a un ajuste poético encaminado a un Neoclasicismo italianizante. Esto vale asimismo para la Escuela de Traductores de Alfonso El Sabio, resucitada como modelo de una academia de carácter estatal. La tertulia como forma de asociación espontánea impregnada de hospitalidad y avenencia comunicativa se muestra entonces, y no en último lugar, como un modelo de encuentro intercultural bajo el signo de la Ilustración.

  16. Carolee Schneemann. El cine como autobiografía, la artista como actriz, el cuerpo como pincel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Barbaño González-Moreno

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la relación de cine y mujer a partir de la obra fílmica de Carolee Schneemann, principalmente de su obra autobiográfica Fuses (1964-1966. Desde ella, se plantea el papel de la artista como productora, directora y protagonista principal de todas sus obras. Reflexionamos así sobre el rol del creador-director como actor que derivaría en la consecución de una obra cinematográfica de tintes necesariamente autobiográficos. Asumiendo la visión vanguardista del cine como diario personal/Entendido el cine como diario personal, Schneemann va a explorar en su obra diferentes aspectos de la identidad y la sexualidad de la mujer en un cine artístico, alternativo y de tendencia política feminista. Entendido/Asumido su cine como elemento plástico, la artista explorará de forma paralela la experimentación matérica y física a través de los cuerpos filmados así como de la propia materialidad de la película, excluyendo toda posibilidad narrativa, dramática e ilusoria de proyección del espectador en el espacio cinematográfico y el espacio privado del creador.

  17. What we have changed our minds about: Part 2. Borderline personality disorder, epistemic trust and the developmental significance of social communication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fonagy, Peter; Luyten, Patrick; Allison, Elizabeth; Campbell, Chloe

    2017-01-01

    In Part 1 of this paper, we discussed emerging evidence suggesting that a general psychopathology or 'p' factor underlying the various forms of psychopathology should be conceptualized in terms of the absence of resilience, that is, the absence of positive reappraisal mechanisms when faced with adversity. These impairments in the capacity for positive reappraisal seem to provide a comprehensive explanation for the association between the p factor and comorbidity, future caseness, and the 'hard-to-reach' character of many patients with severe personality pathology, most notably borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this, the second part of the paper, we trace the development of the absence of resilience to disruptions in the emergence of human social communication, based on recent evolutionary and developmental psychopathology accounts. We argue that BPD and related disorders may be reconceptualized as a form of social understanding in which epistemic hypervigilance, distrust or outright epistemic freezing is an adaptive consequence of the social learning environment. Negative appraisal mechanisms become overriding, particularly in situations of attachment stress. This constitutes a shift towards a more socially oriented perspective on personality psychopathology in which the absence of psychological resilience is seen as a learned response to the transmission of social knowledge. This shift in our views has also forced us to reconsider the role of attachment in BPD. The implications for prevention and intervention of this novel approach are discussed.

  18. Presentación y contenido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pappenheim Ruth

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Indudablemente, uno de los conceptos más importantes para el desarrollo de la lingüística actual, tanto en el ámbito teórico como en las innumerables aplicaciones de la ciencia del lenguaje, es el de competencia comunicativa. Es por ello que hemos dedicado este número de forma y función a este tema, considerando que, desde el novato en lingüística hasta los expertos docentes, investigadores y comunicadores en nuestra área necesitan conceptualizar y desarrollar conocimientos alrededor del fenómeno de la competencia comunicativa, su adquisición y su desarrollo. Convencidos de la importancia de una comprensión sólida del concepto mismo de competencia comunicativa, iniciamos con la traducción del artículo "On communicative competence" de dell hymes. Con ello deseamos suplir la necesidad de divulgación de una obra clásica, un hito en los caminos de la lingüística, que debe ser escudriñada cuidadosamente por quien esté involucrado con el tema. Continuamos con otro desarrollo teórico en un artículo que cuestiona el concepto y el término de hablante nativo, a la luz de los planteamientos de hymes y de algunos de sus seguidores. Desarrollos aplicados de este concepto se plasman en tres artículos relacionados con problemáticas trascendentales en el ámbito educativo: el discurso de la ciencia en la escuela; la evaluación como manifestación ideológica presente en relatos infantiles; la transferencia de procedimientos de la investigación lingüística a la enseñanza de la lengua materna.

  19. Rol del mediador familiar: Reflexión sobre la formación en competencias comunicativas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carles Rodríguez Domínguez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La creciente conflictividad en las relaciones sociales llevó a la Unión Europea a la creación de un libro verde (COM 2002/196 para hallar soluciones implementando instrumentos alternativos a la resolución judicial. Por di- versas razones se ha advertido un fracaso de las políticas de mediación en Europa entre las que se han destacado deficiencias en la formación. En base a ello, el presente estudio analiza la comunicación en la intervención en mediación familiar, y presenta una revisión de las inves- tigaciones sobre la comunicación en la misma para abrir un debate acerca de los criterios necesarios que puedan optimizar la actividad profesional. El objetivo del estudio es una propuesta de criterios elaborada por los autores para tratar de favorecer la formación del profesional en la facilitación de la participación comunicativa en el espacio de la mediación. AbstractThe actual growing conflict into social relations led the European Union to create the Green Papers (COM 2002/196 to find solutions by implementing alternative instruments to judicial resolutions. For several reasons, it has been shown a failure of the mediation policies in Eu- rope among which it has being highlighted deficiencies on training skills. On this basis, this study analyzes the communication intervention in family mediation, and presents a review of the researches about the communi- cation in family mediation to open a discussion on the criteria that can optimize the professional activity. The aim of this study is to propound some criteria developed by the authors to try to promote a professional training in facilitating participation into the communicative space of mediation. 

  20. Directrices para el diseño curricular en la enseñanza del inglés en el siglo XXI

    OpenAIRE

    Margaret Lee Zoreda; Javier Vivaldo Lima; María Teresa Flores Revilla; Teresita del Rosario Caballero Robles; María Teresa Calderón Rosas

    2006-01-01

    La Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa considera fundamental para la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera el crear condiciones para el desarrollo de competencias lingüísticas, comunicativas, interculturales, interdisciplinarias y de pensamiento crítico en dicha lengua extranjera, garantizando así el pleno desarrollo personal, profesional y social de nuestros estudiantes. En este trabajo, se presenta una semblanza de directrices multirregionales que fundamentan el ...

  1. Perspectiva evolucionária na teoria social crítica de Habermas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clodomiro José Bannwart Júnior

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Busca-se acompanhar o desenvolvimento da teoria evolucionária no pensamento de Habermas, a partir da afirmação colhida no prólogo de Problemas de Legitimação do Capitalismo Tardio, de 1973: "O caráter programático evidencia que uma teoria da evolução social hoje se encontra apenas esboçada, mas que, no entanto, deveria constituir a base da teoria da sociedade". A atenção é direcionada à forma como Habermas reorienta o sentido evolucionário do desdobramento histórico à luz do conceito de mundo da vida, como esfera de realização da ação comunicativa. Objetiva-se investigar como é projetada nesse modelo de ação, por meio da linguagem, a tarefa de produção e reprodução simbólica do consenso normativo entre os participantes do mundo social, ao mesmo tempo em que Habermas sinaliza haver um telos de integração social imanente à própria prática comunicativa. Nesse sentido, procurar-se-á demonstrar que, assim como a pragmática universal serve de base teórica para a análise de processos de distorção da linguagem e de socialização anormais, a teoria da evolução social serve de parâmetro para uma teoria social crítica com intenção emancipatória de avaliar o desdobramento empírico e contingente da dinâmica histórica.

  2. Pasado y presente de la enseñanza de la lengua española en la educación preescolar costarricense

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marielos Murillo Rojas

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se analiza el pasado y el presente de la enseñanza de la lengua española en la educación preescolar costarricense. Para tal efecto se parte del análisis del área de lenguaje en los diferentes programas emitidos por el Ministerio de Educación Pública, de 1962 a la fecha y del estado actual de los estudios sobre la competencia comunicativa de este grupo etario. Este artículo concluye con una propuesta para la enseñanza de la lengua española en la educación preescolar de frente al nuevo milenio. Asimismo, se ofrecen lineamientos para enriquecer el trabajo de ese nivel del sistema educativo, en los componentes: discursivo –expresión y comprensión orales, lectura y escritura-, léxico y fonológico; todos a partir de objetivos y actividades que tienen como meta enriquecer la competencia comunicativa del educando.

  3. Proyecto bilingüe en inglés para una escuela infantil (niños 2-3años)

    OpenAIRE

    García-Giménez, Elisa

    2013-01-01

    El proyecto educativo que se presenta surge como una respuesta a la necesidad de llegar a convertir una escuela infantil bilingüe en inglés, y en particular en el primer estadio, para aumentar las habilidades comunicativas de los niños de 2-3 años. Dicho proyecto tiene tres ejes fundamentales de actuación, la inmersión lingüística, donde se explica el grado de inmersión en lengua inglesa que van a llevar a cabo tanto los niños como todo el profesorado, al igual que la metodología se va a util...

  4. Disponibilidad léxica en español como lengua extranjera: el cotejo de las investigaciones en Eslovenia, Salamanca y Finlandia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marjana Šifrar Kalan

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available La competencia léxica es parte fundamental del conocimiento lingüístico y una herramienta cognitiva que nos permite comunicar en una lengua. El léxico, además de ser una manifestación antropológica, es la parte más inestable e íntima de la lengua que puede variar mucho dependiendo de factores muy variados. Si se trata de una lengua extranjera es necesario saber cuál es el léxico fundamental que nos permite desenvolvernos en las situaciones comunicativas más frecuentes. Algunas investigaciones sobre el vocabulario ya pusieron de manifiesto que, habitualmente, el hombre corriente no emplea más de dos mil palabras; el hombre culto, por su parte, se sirve de unos cuatro o cinco mil vocablos (ver Carcedo González, 2000: 11; Nation, 1990: 11, 2001: 9. Benítez Pérez (1994a: 10 señala que «según los estudiosos de frecuencias léxicas, las primeras 1000 palabras más usadas en español abarcan cerca del 85% del contenido del léxico de cualquier texto no especializado». Cabría añadir lo que ya han demostrado otras investigaciones realizadas sobre lenguas tan lejanas como el chino, el japonés, el francés, y es el hecho de que exista una constante entre muchas lenguas del mundo cuyo vocabulario fundamental varía de 1500 a 2000 palabras sin pasar nunca de esta cifra. De aquí la importancia de escoger cuidadosamente el vocabulario fundamental que debemos enseñar. Según López Morales (1999: 20 el léxico fundamental de una lengua está formado por el léxico básico y el léxico disponible. El léxico básico abarca las palabras más usuales o frecuentes de una comunidad, que se caracterizan por un alto grado de estabilidad o permanencia. Esto les permite que aparezcan con mucha frecuencia en todo tipo de discursos con independencia del tema tratado. En cambio, el léxico disponible está compuesto por aquellas palabras que sólo aparecen en situaciones precisas, es decir, cuando el tema de conversación las requiere. De este modo

  5. Las retóricas del público. El espacio de consumo del arte como institución política

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bayón, Fernando

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available This article aims to show how the space for leisure practices in the art sector is a political construction. To do this, the essay focuses on public (art audience as key concept. It argues that art audiences are critically engaged and politically significant communities, through which each society gives an institutional dimension to cultural practices. In dialogue with modern thinkers such as Adorno, Baudrillard, Warburg and Benjamin, or architects like Rem Koolhaas, the article presents audiences and publics from both a social and institutional points of view, understanding that the temporal and spatial dynamics behind their community boundaries are worth exploring. We think that there are at least two dominant forms of an emerging social rhetoric that are producing innovative ways of building the spaces for consuming cultural offer in the late modern society: we call them rhetorics of convergence and rhetorics of persuation.

    Este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto cómo el espacio de las prácticas de ocio cultural es una construcción política. Para ello, escoge como categoría central al público, en tanto formación comunitaria por medio de la cual cada sociedad institucionaliza de forma dinámica las prácticas de ocio asociadas a la oferta artística. En diálogo con pensadores como Adorno, Baudrillard, Warburg o Benjamin, se describen las dimensiones espaciales y temporales en que se desarrollan los vínculos comunitarios, específicos de la institución del “público” en el sector cultural. Para ello, el ensayo intenta identificar cuáles son las estrategias comunicativas que están produciendo esos espacios de presencia y esos tiempos de experiencia para las prácticas del ocio cultural en las sociedades del consumismo avanzado. Las he llamado retóricas de la convergencia y retóricas de la persuasión.

  6. "These forecasts may be substantially different from actual results." The use of epistemic modal markers in English and German original letters to shareholders and in English-German translations*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Bicsár

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Letters to shareholders (i. e. the first part of a company's Annual Report represent an interesting genre for the analysis of epistemic modal expressions. They serve the function to present a short overview of the company's main achievements as well as an outlook into the future. They additionally serve a more marketing-oriented goal: to inspire confidence in the company. Epistemic modal expressions (e. g. may, perhaps, probably are used in texts for two main reasons: Firstly, speakers can signal with these markers that they have content-based reasons to be unsure about the states of affairs they are talking about. This type of use can be expected to be typical in the context of predictions of future developments. Secondly, speakers can use them for interpersonal reasons, to open up the discursive space for alternative positions, leaving the readers their right to form their own opinion. This type of use can be expected in positive evaluations of one’s own company, which are thus presented in a mitigated way, avoiding the impression of boasting.It is in particular the second type of use that can be expected to be highly sensitive to cultural differences. The present paper analyzes to what extent US-English and German letters to shareholders differ in the use of these markers, and how these differences are reflected in English-German translations. Our quantitative analysis of the distribution of all epistemic modal markers in a multilingual corpus comes to the conclusion that there are notable differences between English and German original texts. Unlike in other studies on English-German translations (e. g. Kranich/House/Becher 2012, however, we arrive at the conclusion that the English-German translations are very closely adapted to the target-language conventions and show little interference from the English originals.

  7. Formação inicial e continuada de professores: das licenciaturas à constituição de pequenos grupos de pesquisas como associações livres

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nataly Carvalho Lopes

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Buscamos desenvolver aspectos de pesquisa que se debruçou sobre o acompanhamento de um grupo de professores no que denominamos Pequenos Grupos de Pesquisa (PGP em escolas públicas de educação básica. Esse acompanhamento propiciou elementos que foram interpretados de acordo com a teoria da ação comunicativa, o que possibilitou a compreensão de um modelo de formação. O trabalho foi orientado de acordo com a pesquisa participante, cuja potencialidade se configurou no processo colaborativo de interação universidade-escola, que propiciou a formação e transformações em ambas as esferas. Dessa junção, resultaram relações entre os agentes da universidade e da escola que foram homogêneas. Por fim, pudemos inferir que os processos de interação que se propõem formativos e investigativos podem passar por momentos de problematização, ação comunicativa e consenso, para que a universidade se aproxime dos ideais de igualdade para com os professores da educação básica.

  8. Random Fuzzy Extension of the Universal Generating Function Approach for the Reliability Assessment of Multi-State Systems Under Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Yan-Fu; Ding, Yi; Zio, Enrico

    2014-01-01

    . In this work, we extend the traditional universal generating function (UGF) approach for multi-state system (MSS) availability and reliability assessment to account for both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. First, a theoretical extension, named hybrid UGF (HUGF), is made to introduce the use of random...... fuzzy variables (RFVs) in the approach. Second, the composition operator of HUGF is defined by considering simultaneously the probabilistic convolution and the fuzzy extension principle. Finally, an efficient algorithm is designed to extract probability boxes ($p$ -boxes) from the system HUGF, which...

  9. El texto argumentativo en 6º curso de educación primaria

    OpenAIRE

    Ibarra Aguirre, Artzeiz

    2016-01-01

    Propongo el texto argumentativo en 6.º curso de Educación Primaria en la asignatura de Educación Física. He analizado cuatro textos argumentativos escritos por el alumnado del nivel mencionado, con la finalidad de valorar el grado de su competencia comunicativa escrita; principalmente, he estudiado asuntos textuales y lingüísticos presentes en los textos producidos. Pretendo estimular la capacidad argumentativa en el alumnado. Como consecuencia de las conclusiones, propongo actividades para l...

  10. Los conceptos de poder y violencia en Hannah Arendt: un análisis desde la comunicación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Ricardo Navarro Díaz

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumen El artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre los conceptos de poder y violencia propuestos por Hannah Arendt, analizados desde una perspectiva comunicativa. El poder definido como posibilidad se sustenta a lo largo del documento como aquella dimen- sión de los seres humanos que existe siempre y cuando existan las relaciones sociales. Para ello se sustenta la tesis que define al poder como aquello que se genera en la interacción de los sujetos comunicantes, es decir, entre los sujetos, en el estar juntos los unos con los otros, al ser vistos y oídos entre sí. Palabras clave: Poder, Violencia, Acción, Política, Comunicación. Abstract The article provides a reflection on Hannah Arendt ́s concepts of power and violence, analyzed from a communicative perspective. Throughout the document, power, defined as a possibility, is grounded on that dimension of human beings exist- ing only when social relations exist. To that effect, we argue in favor of a definition of power as generating in the interaction between communicating subjects, and namely, in being together the ones with the others, in seeing and hearing each other. Keywords: Power, Violence, Action, Politics, Communication. Resumo O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre os conceitos de poder e violência propostos por Hannah Arendt, analisados a partir de uma perspectiva comunicativa. O poder definido como uma possibilidade é sustentada ao longo do texto como a dimensão de seres humanos que existe sempre e quando existam as relações sociais. Para isso, se sustenta a tese que o poder é definido como aquilo que é gerado na interação dos sujeitos comunicantes, ou seja, entre os sujeitos, no estar junto uns com os outros, ao serem vistos e escutados entre si. Palavras-chave: Poder, Violência, Ação, Política e Comunicação.

  11. El gabinete de Comunicación como impulsor de la gestión comunicativa de los clubes de fútbol / Press Office as a driver of communicative management of football clubs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando OLABE-SÁNCHEZ

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo nos planteamos determinar el concepto y las funciones de los gabinetes de Comunicación, en aras de comprender posteriormente la importancia que han adquirido estos departamentos en un sector como el de los clubes de fútbol profesionales, toda vez que el comportamiento de estas entidades se encuadra más en los modelos empresariales que en los meramente deportivos.

  12. ciencias naturales y su relación con la estructura de la didáctica de las ciencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio César Tovar-Gálvez

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La propuesta de modelo evaluativo multidimensional en Ciencias Naturales que se presenta, tiene como soporte la consideración de la evaluación como uno de los campos de estudio de las Didáctica de las Ciencias; y comprender que esta última es coherente con las dinámicas de las mismas Ciencias Naturales, significa una especificidad epistemológica, la que a su vez exige especificidad para la Evaluación en el mismo campo de la enseñanza. Desde esta perspectiva se presenta la Evaluación en Ciencias desde varias dimensiones: conceptual, administrativa-metodológica, actitudinal, comunicativa, e histórico-epistemológica; quedando como expectativa un mayor reconocimiento de los contextos de los grupos y naciones.

  13. Propuesta de modelo de evaluación multidimensional de los aprendizajes en ciencias naturales y su relación con la estructura de la didáctica de las ciencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tovar-Gálvez, J.C.

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available La propuesta de modelo evaluativo multidimensional en Ciencias naturales que se presenta, tiene como soporte la consideración de la evaluación como uno de los campos de estudio de las Didáctica de las Ciencias; y comprender que esta última es coherente con las dinámicas de las mismas Ciencias Naturales, significa una especificidad epistemológica, la que a su vez exige especificidad para la Evaluación en el mismo campo de la enseñanza. Desde esta perspectiva se presenta la Evaluación en Ciencias desde varias dimensiones: conceptual, administrativa-metodológica, actitudinal, comunicativa, e histórico-epistemológica; quedando como expectativa un mayor reconocimiento de los contextos de los grupos y naciones.

  14. Consistency from the perspective of an experimental systems approach to the sciences and their epistemic objects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hans-Jörg Rheinberger

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available It is generally accepted that the development of the modern sciences is rooted in experiment. Yet for a long time, experimentation did not occupy a prominent role, neither in philosophy nor in history of science. With the 'practical turn' in studying the sciences and their history, this has begun to change. This paper is concerned with systems and cultures of experimentation and the consistencies that are generated within such systems and cultures. The first part of the paper exposes the forms of historical and structural coherence that characterize the experimental exploration of epistemic objects. In the second part, a particular experimental culture in the life sciences is briefly described as an example. A survey will be given of what it means and what it takes to analyze biological functions in the test tube.

  15. APORIAS DA PERFORMANCE NA EDUCAÇÃO

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    ELAINE CONTE

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El ensayo analiza la cuestión del desempeño en la educación, según la perspectiva filosófica de la acción comunicativa, que añade importantes elementos para la comprensión del desempeño tal como la dimensión pragmática, estética y expresiva de la acción humana. Desde la inspiración hermenéutica, repensamos los horizontes del desempeño en la lógica moderna de la producción (mediante coacción, técnicamente más allá del agente y de una racionalidad comunicativa que responde a las necesidades de realización humana. La performatividad del lenguaje exhibe un potencial para la innovación radical y una incertidumbre que rompe con los convencionalismos y las limitaciones formales de la práctica educativa, la puesta en juego entre las instancias de lo inteligible y de lo sensible. Teniéndose en cuenta que en las obras de Habermas no queda explícita una teoría del desempeño, el tema se desarrolla en el diálogo con otros pensadores, como un momento que requiere un avance fundamental en la crítica del lenguaje performativo para aprender a llevar a cabo sus propias actuaciones.

  16. El proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa en la Educación Posgraduada.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariolys Yudith Hernández Rodríguez

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, se analizan las causas que han dado lugar a las limitantes en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje del idioma inglés, por los profesionales cubanos que cursan estudios de postgrado en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, a través de la identificación y descripción de algunos fenómenos que ocurren en dicho proceso. Se controló como variable dependiente la referida al desarrollo de las competencias comunicativa (discursiva, estratégica, gramatical y sociolingüística, en el aprendizaje del adulto de un idioma extranjero, y además se aplicaron diferentes instrumentos del nivel empírico. El estudio se basa en el aprendizaje de la Lengua Extranjera como una experiencia educativa, la graduación de las actividades en dependencia de la curiosidad e interés de los aprendices y del tipo de material o texto utilizado , la corrección de errores y la detección de mecanismos de aprendizaje del adulto ; así como la necesidad de actividades receptivas en la aulas de postgrado que propicien la practica del idioma, contribuyan a la construcción de la personalidad y el desarrollo de destrezas expresivas. Se analizan aquellos factores que influyen en el aprendizaje de elementos gramaticales y se revelan algunos requisitos para tener éxito en el desarrollo de actividades en el aprendizaje del adulto. Se dan sugerencias de carácter teórico-metodológico como vías de solución, las cuales sirvieron de fundamento a los diferentes criterios propuestos para la evaluación del aprendizaje de lenguas del adulto, tributando de esta manera, al desarrollo integral de la competencia comunicativa.

  17. An Exploration of the Differential Effects of Parents' Authoritarianism Dimensions on Pre-school Children's Epistemic, Existential, and Relational Needs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guidetti, Margherita; Carraro, Luciana; Castelli, Luigi

    2017-01-01

    Research on adult populations has widely investigated the deep differences that characterize individuals who embrace either conservative or liberal views of the world. More recently, research has started to investigate these differences at very early stages of life. One major goal is to explore how parental political ideology may influence children's characteristics that are known to be associated to different ideological positions. In the present work, we further investigate the relations between parents' ideology and children cognitive processing strategies within the framework of political ideology as motivated social cognition (Jost et al., 2003) and the dual process model of political ideology (Duckitt et al., 2002). Specifically, epistemic (implicit attitudes toward order vs. chaos), existential (negativity and threat bias), and relational needs (conformity measure) were assessed in pre-school children (N = 106; 4–6 years). For each child at least one parent completed both the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and the Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) measures. Interestingly, results indicated that mothers' and fathers' responses had unique associations with children's socio-cognitive motivations, and different findings emerged in relation to the two facets of parental authoritarianism, namely dominance (i.e., SDO) and submission (i.e., RWA). More specifically, children's existential needs appeared to be more related to mothers' RWA scores, whereas children's epistemic needs appeared to be more related to fathers' SDO. Finally, parents' RWA and SDO scores appeared to have opposite effects on children's relational needs: children's conformity increased at increasing levels of mothers' RWA and decreased at increasing levels of fathers' SDO. Overall, however, results were relatively weak and several links between the responses of parents and their children were not significant, suggesting caution in drawing strong conclusions about the impact of parents

  18. An Exploration of the Differential Effects of Parents' Authoritarianism Dimensions on Pre-school Children's Epistemic, Existential, and Relational Needs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guidetti, Margherita; Carraro, Luciana; Castelli, Luigi

    2016-01-01

    Research on adult populations has widely investigated the deep differences that characterize individuals who embrace either conservative or liberal views of the world. More recently, research has started to investigate these differences at very early stages of life. One major goal is to explore how parental political ideology may influence children's characteristics that are known to be associated to different ideological positions. In the present work, we further investigate the relations between parents' ideology and children cognitive processing strategies within the framework of political ideology as motivated social cognition (Jost et al., 2003) and the dual process model of political ideology (Duckitt et al., 2002). Specifically, epistemic (implicit attitudes toward order vs. chaos), existential (negativity and threat bias), and relational needs (conformity measure) were assessed in pre-school children ( N = 106; 4-6 years). For each child at least one parent completed both the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and the Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) measures. Interestingly, results indicated that mothers' and fathers' responses had unique associations with children's socio-cognitive motivations, and different findings emerged in relation to the two facets of parental authoritarianism, namely dominance (i.e., SDO) and submission (i.e., RWA). More specifically, children's existential needs appeared to be more related to mothers' RWA scores, whereas children's epistemic needs appeared to be more related to fathers' SDO. Finally, parents' RWA and SDO scores appeared to have opposite effects on children's relational needs: children's conformity increased at increasing levels of mothers' RWA and decreased at increasing levels of fathers' SDO. Overall, however, results were relatively weak and several links between the responses of parents and their children were not significant, suggesting caution in drawing strong conclusions about the impact of parents

  19. Ciberprens@. El medio de los ‘diez mil nombres’

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    Dr. José Álvarez Marcos

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Los chinos han traducido el significado de World Wide Web como "la red de diez mil dimensiones en el cielo y la tierra". La telaraña cibernética no sólo se ha convertido en un gigantesco hipermercado de la información, donde confluyen medios tradicionales e innovadoras propuestas comunicativas, sino que aparece como el fenómeno de mayor impacto social de los últimos años. En un mundo donde la evolución tecnológica acorta cada vez más los ciclos de la innovación, como bien señala Díaz Nosty, Internet tiene visos de consolidarse como el embrión de la primera gran solución sostenible desde que apareció la televisión, al menos en una interpretación hecha desde el campo de análisis de los medios

  20. Samaja: el epistemólogo de la salud

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    Everardo Duarte Nunes

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El día 12 de mayo de 1997, Juan Samaja (Juan Alfonso Samaja Toro defendió su tesis de doctorado "Fundamentos Epistemológicos de las Ciencias de la Salud", en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública "Sérgio Arouca" de la Fundación Oswaldo Cruz, en Río de Janeiro, bajo la orientación de Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo. En esa ocasión, como Miembro Titular del jurado, presenté los comentarios que son aquí transcritos, exactamente como fueron realizados en aquella fecha. Samaja, filósofo, sociólogo y diplomado en Salud Pública, quien fue profesor de varias universidades argentinas y en diversos países latinoamericanos, falleció el 3 de febrero de 2007, dejando un legado intelectual de fundamental importancia para la Salud Colectiva.

  1. Comunicación

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    Revista Chasqui

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available La comunicación, refundada como teoría autónoma para el estudio de todas las formas de interacciones comunicativas, desde sus orígenes evolutivos hasta sus manifestaciones culturales. Se plantea la importancia teórica de Manuel Martín Serrano desde la segunda mitad de los años 70 hasta la presente, como su gran reto científico. El conjunto de esta parte de su obra, trasluce un trabajo sistemático, que abarca los diversos ámbitos comunicativos donde se requiere la creación de teoría en sucesivas etapas, comenzando por lo concreto y culminando en lo general.

  2. Vocalizaciones y gestos en el origen del lenguaje: Una perspectiva neurobiológica

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    Francisco Aboitiz

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo expongo dos interpretaciones recientes acerca del origen del lenguaje: la primera hace énfasis en el desarrollo de circuitos auditivo-vocales en los homínidos primitivos. La segunda apunta al desarrollo previo de un lenguaje de signos, el cual eventualmente dio lugar al lenguaje hablado. La superposición de los circuitos involucrados en ambas funciones indica que, desde muy temprano, las señales comunicativas fueron multimodales, incluyendo tanto vocalizaciones como gestos. El lenguaje hablado se desarrolló debido a la expansión de los circuitos auditivo-vocales, los cuales posiblemente invadieron elementos neuronales previamente involucrados en otras funciones, como los de control manual.

  3. Terminology Evolution and Translation: Specificity of Referent & User’s Epistemic Continuum Exemplified in Islamic Terms

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    Omar A. S. Al-Shabab

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In the dynamics of environmental context, the referent of a linguistic sign changes, but the sign persists as a verbal symbol. Since a technical term strictly evokes one referent, it may lack in specificity due to the ever-changing reality, resulting in homonymy, overlap, and a semantic continuum based on designating by necessity. In addition to the elements of reference theory, the criteria for technical terms postulate the user, whose authority and responsibility are necessary for the term to function as a specific designator. The centrality of the user, translator or otherwise, has hermeneutic and linguistic implications for the evolution of terminology, because it stipulates that terminological meaning and usage are dependent on the user’s conscious knowledge, a condition that leads to the recognition of a user epistemic continuum parallel to the semantic necessity continuum. Ideally, a term should be universally specific in reference, and its user should be epistemologically empowered and ethically responsible.

  4. Integración de los MAV y las TIC en el aula. Experiencias de enseñanza-aprendizaje innovadoras en Lengua castellana y Literatura

    OpenAIRE

    Caro Valverde, María Teresa; González García, María; Valverde González, María Teresa

    2011-01-01

    Este documento expone las tipologías y las características fundamentales, así como una serie de orientaciones didácticas sobre los Medios Audiovisuales y las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación que actualmente pueden ser aprovechados para la dinamización de tareas de innovación educativa en el área de conocimiento de Lengua castellana y Literatura para generar buenas prácticas en competencias comunicativa y digital.

  5. El lenguaje en la era digital

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    Juan Carlos Vergara Silva

    1998-02-01

    Con base en la interrelación entre lenguaje y pensamiento se plantea el papel fundamental que el lenguaje ocupa en el modelo económico, educativo y cultural generado por la aparición de la era digital o era del conocimiento. en este artículo se evidencian los retos que genera una era marcada por un esquema digital en el desarrollo y uso de habilidades comunicativas tanto en la docencia superior como en el ejercicio profesional eficiente.

  6. El papel de la enfermería en niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Pérez, Alba

    2016-01-01

    Actualmente el Síndrome de Asperger, el autismo, el trastorno desintegrativo infantil y los trastornos generalizados del desarrollo no especificados, se aúnan en el DSM.V y este les define como un único diagnóstico, denominado Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) , de origen aún desconocido y caracterizado por una perturbación socio-comunicativa. Dicho trastorno posee unos niveles de prevalencia que van en aumento, con unos tratamientos y terapias no curativas, pero que pueden mejorar en gran...

  7. Elements of a cognitive model of physics problem solving: Epistemic games

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    Jonathan Tuminaro

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Although much is known about the differences between expert and novice problem solvers, knowledge of those differences typically does not provide enough detail to help instructors understand why some students seem to learn physics while solving problems and others do not. A critical issue is how students access the knowledge they have in the context of solving a particular problem. In this paper, we discuss our observations of students solving physics problems in authentic situations in an algebra-based physics class at the University of Maryland. We find that when these students are working together and interacting effectively, they often use a limited set of locally coherent resources for blocks of time of a few minutes or more. This coherence appears to provide the student with guidance as to what knowledge and procedures to access and what to ignore. Often, this leads to the students failing to apply relevant knowledge they later show they possess. In this paper, we outline a theoretical phenomenology for describing these local coherences and identify six organizational structures that we refer to as epistemic games. The hypothesis that students tend to function within the narrow confines of a fairly limited set of games provides a good description of our observations. We demonstrate how students use these games in two case studies and discuss the implications for instruction.

  8. Images as tools. On visual epistemic practices in the biological sciences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Samuel, Nina

    2013-06-01

    Contemporary visual epistemic practices in the biological sciences raise new questions of how to transform an iconic data measurements into images, and how the process of an imaging technique may change the material it is 'depicting'. This case-oriented study investigates microscopic imagery, which is used by system and synthetic biologists alike. The core argument is developed around the analysis of two recent methods, developed between 2003 and 2006: localization microscopy and photo-induced cell death. Far from functioning merely as illustrations of work done by other means, images can be determined as tools for discovery in their own right and as objects of investigation. Both methods deploy different constellations of intended and unintended interactions between visual appearance and underlying biological materiality. To characterize these new ways of interaction, the article introduces the notions of 'operational images' and 'operational agency'. Despite all their novelty, operational images are still subject to conventions of seeing and depicting: Phenomena emerging with the new method of localization microscopy have to be designed according to image traditions of older, conventional fluorescence microscopy to function properly as devices for communication between physicists and biologists. The article emerged from a laboratory study based on interviews conducted with researchers from the Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) at Bioquant, Heidelberg, in 2011. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. FRITJOF CAPRA Y LA TEORÍA SOCIAL

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    Alexander Luis Ortiz Ocaña

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Durante la ejecución del proyecto de investigación Modelo didáctico para la formación ética del estudiante de contaduría pública, desarrollado por el grupo UMBRALES, de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta, Colombia, hicimos algunas reflexiones teóricas, ontológicas, epistemológicas y metodológicas acerca de la educación ética en las universidades. En este estudio ofrecimos una detallada valoración de las particularidades de la educación ética en los estudiantes de Contaduría, con una dimensión integradora, holística y comunicativa. Fue necesario caracterizar el proceso de educación de los valores desde una perspectiva ética, comunicativa e interdisciplinaria, y conceptualizarlos teniendo en cuenta un enfoque holístico y configuracional. Al explicar el proceso psicológico para la formación ética y axiológica y analizar el papel de las influencias intrínsecas y extrínsecas en dicho proceso, nos percatamos de la necesidad de hacer reflexiones ontológicas, epistemológicas y metodológicas, no sólo sobre el proceso de la formación ética, sino sobre el proceso de investigación sobre la formación ética contable.En este artículo se presenta una panorámica sobre los aportes de Capra a la ciencia postmoderna. Se analizan diversas concepciones epistemológicas desde la mirada de este eminente filósofo, científico y epistemólogo moderno. Especial atención tiene el positivismo de Augusto Comte y Emilio Durkheim, el estructuralismo de Saussure y Lévi-strauss y el materialismo dialéctico e histórico.

  10. TUBERCULOSIS COMO ENFERMEDAD OCUPACIONAL

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mendoza-Ticona, Alberto

    2014-01-01

    Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis en el lugar de trabajo, se revisan las evidencias para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en trabajadores de salud y se presenta la legislación peruana vigente al respecto. PMID:22858771

  11. On art and science: an epistemic framework for integrating social science and clinical medicine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wasserman, Jason Adam

    2014-06-01

    Calls for incorporating social science into patient care typically have accounted for neither the logistic constraints of medical training nor the methodological fallacies of utilizing aggregate "social facts" in clinical practice. By elucidating the different epistemic approaches of artistic and scientific practices, this paper illustrates an integrative artistic pedagogy that allows clinical practitioners to generate social scientific insights from actual patient encounters. Although there is no shortage of calls to bring social science into medicine, the more fundamental processes of thinking by which art and science proceed have not been addressed to this end. As such, the art of medical practice is conceptualized as an innate gift, and thus little is done to cultivate it. Yet doing so is more important than ever because uncertainty in diagnosing and treating chronic illnesses, the most significant contemporary mortality risks, suggests a re-expanding role for clinical judgment. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  12. Czy podmiotowość epistemiczna ma znaczenie moralne? (DOES EPISTEMIC SUBJECTIVITY HAVE MORAL IMPORT?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Piotr Bołtuć

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available We start from the basics: there is a meaning of the notion of epistemic subject under which it is not an object at all. This statement does not lead to dualism of substance; it fits with any sort of non-reductionism. What follows is that we assume certain subjects that are not objects, hence entities that we can't build direct predicative statements about. Whatever we can say about them comes indirectly, from the influence subjects have on certain objects. Hence, loosely speaking, subjectivity can be viewed as a feature of certain ontological entities (objects, such as persons. But an ontology of pure subjects is possible, based on the indirect influences they have. Such ontology of subjects that are not objects allows us to have subjects consistently as a part, though a very specific one, of the ontological furniture of the world. The author also claims that subjectivity is what, prima facie, deserves a moral standing though only certain additional capacities make a being a moral patient.

  13. Entropic Measure of Epistemic Uncertainties in Multibody System Models by Axiomatic Design

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    Francesco Villecco

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, the use of the MaxInf Principle in real optimization problems is investigated for engineering applications, where the current design solution is actually an engineering approximation. In industrial manufacturing, multibody system simulations can be used to develop new machines and mechanisms by using virtual prototyping, where an axiomatic design can be employed to analyze the independence of elements and the complexity of connections forming a general mechanical system. In the classic theories of Fisher and Wiener-Shannon, the idea of information is a measure of only probabilistic and repetitive events. However, this idea is broader than the probability alone field. Thus, the Wiener-Shannon’s axioms can be extended to non-probabilistic events and it is possible to introduce a theory of information for non-repetitive events as a measure of the reliability of data for complex mechanical systems. To this end, one can devise engineering solutions consistent with the values of the design constraints analyzing the complexity of the relation matrix and using the idea of information in the metric space. The final solution gives the entropic measure of epistemic uncertainties which can be used in multibody system models, analyzed with an axiomatic design.

  14. Probabilistic Modeling of Updating Epistemic Uncertainty In Pile Capacity Prediction With a Single Failure Test Result

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    Indra Djati Sidi

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The model error N has been introduced to denote the discrepancy between measured and predicted capacity of pile foundation. This model error is recognized as epistemic uncertainty in pile capacity prediction. The statistics of N have been evaluated based on data gathered from various sites and may be considered only as a eneral-error trend in capacity prediction, providing crude estimates of the model error in the absence of more specific data from the site. The results of even a single load test to failure, should provide direct evidence of the pile capacity at a given site. Bayes theorem has been used as a rational basis for combining new data with previous data to revise assessment of uncertainty and reliability. This study is devoted to the development of procedures for updating model error (N, and subsequently the predicted pile capacity with a results of single failure test.

  15. A New Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Method Accounting for Discrete and Continuous Variables under Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hong-Zhong Huang

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Various uncertainties are inevitable in complex engineered systems and must be carefully treated in design activities. Reliability-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (RBMDO has been receiving increasing attention in the past decades to facilitate designing fully coupled systems but also achieving a desired reliability considering uncertainty. In this paper, a new formulation of multidisciplinary design optimization, namely RFCDV (random/fuzzy/continuous/discrete variables Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (RFCDV-MDO, is developed within the framework of Sequential Optimization and Reliability Assessment (SORA to deal with multidisciplinary design problems in which both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are present. In addition, a hybrid discrete-continuous algorithm is put forth to efficiently solve problems where both discrete and continuous design variables exist. The effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated via a mathematical problem and a pressure vessel design problem.

  16. La comunicación del diagnóstico de cáncer como práctica saludable para pacientes y profesionales de la salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henry Mauricio Puerto Pedraza

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Uno de los retos planteados por el cáncer a los profesionales de la salud es la comunicación del diagnóstico de la enfermedad, pues no es un asunto de protocolo, sino la primera acción que tiene impacto en la condición sobre el paciente, por esto, es necesario revisar la forma en la que a ellos se les brinda información. Materiales y Métodos: Artículo reflexivo basado en literatura que aborda la relación entre la comunicación, el diagnóstico y el curso del tratamiento. Resultados: El silencio y la imprecisión son frecuentes a la hora de informar el diagnóstico del cáncer en los pacientes. Discusión: Se llama la atención sobre el impacto negativo que las pautas de comunicación mencionadas tienen en el curso de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Debe fortalecerse el entrenamiento en habilidades comunicativas para que éstas se conviertan en herramientas que apoyen el trabajo de los profesionales de la salud.Cómo citar este artículo: Puerto HM, Gamba HA. La comunicación del diagnóstico de cáncer como práctica saludable para pacientes y profesionales de la salud. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(1: 964-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i1.160

  17. Heidegger E A Técnica Moderna Como Perigo E Como Salvação

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    Robson Costa Cordeiro

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available O mundo contemporâneo é marcado por uma compreensão de técnica que se ergue como tal a partir de um sentido próprio e autônomo. Este sentido pode ser caracterizado como um logos que se constitui a partir de sua própria natureza e se manifesta como tecnologia no decorrer da história. Compreender esse sentido e assumi-lo como condição de nossa existência no mundo é comprender a técnica como nossa herança e nosso envio. Nesse sentido, compreender a essência da técnica é fundamental para o mundo contemporâneo, assumindo que, nesse processo, consiste o perigo e a salvação da espécie.

  18. Potentials and limitations of epistemic communities. An analysis of the World Climate Council and the Framework Convention on Climate Change

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Otto, Daniel

    2015-01-01

    In times of increasing global uncertainties, science takes a central position for policy decisions. According to Peter M. Haas, epistemic communities are able to influence the cooperative behavior of states through their consensual knowledge. This book critically examines this statement. As the case of the Framework Convention on Climate Change shows, the World Climate Council (IPCC) was not in a position to enforce its solution options in the intergovernmental negotiations, as these affected the individual convictions of the decision-makers. While Angela Merkel advocated an agreement, the US government under George W. Bush denied the existence of climate change. Decision-makers and their individual convictions must therefore have a greater significance in international politics. [de

  19. LAS BITÁCORAS ELECTRÓNICAS, O BLOGS, Y SU UTILIZACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA COMPETENCIA COMUNICATIVA: SÍNTESIS DE UNA EXPERIENCIA EN LA FORMACIÓN DE DOCENTES DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA (ELECTRONIC BLOGS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE: SYNTHESIS OF AN EXPERIENCE IN TRAINING PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Solano Córdoba Olga Ligia

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Resumen:En este artículo, a partir del análisis del impacto del Internet en los procesos de aprendizaje y en la vida cotidiana de la juventud costarricense, se expone una experiencia en la utilización de bitácoras electrónicas o “blogs” para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Esta experiencia consistió en la creación de bitácoras electrónicas o “blogs”, en forma grupal, para la elaboración y difusión de una indagación sobre varias temáticas de la realidad centroamericana. Se llevó a cabo durante el primer semestre de 2008 con estudiantes del curso Expresión Escrita I perteneciente al Bachillerato en Educación Primara de la Escuela de Formación Docente de la Universidad de Costa Rica. A partir de la experiencia descrita, se promueve la reflexión y la inquietud sobre las posibilidades que brinda Internet, específicamente la Web 2.0, para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Se concluye que la utilización de bitácoras electrónicas o “blogs”, permitió innovar procesos educativos y generar contextos significativos para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa.Abstract:Stemming from an analysis of the impact of Internet on the learning process and on the daily life of Costa Rican youth, this paper portrays an experience in the use of electronic blogs for the development of communication competence. The study was conducted generating group blogs to explore and disseminate different topics of the Central American reality; it was conducted during the first semester of the 2008 academic year, with students of the Written Expression I course of the Bachelor’s in Elementary Education of the School of Teacher Education at the University of Costa Rica. The knowledge developed from this practice created awareness and encouraged reflection on the possibilities offered by Internet and specifically the Web 2.0. The paper concludes that the use of electronic blogs in this instance, promoted innovation of

  20. Look Together: Analyzing Gaze Coordination with Epistemic Network Analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sean eAndrist

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available When conversing and collaborating in everyday situations, people naturally and interactively align their behaviors with each other across various communication channels, including speech, gesture, posture, and gaze. Having access to a partner's referential gaze behavior has been shown to be particularly important in achieving collaborative outcomes, but the process in which people's gaze behaviors unfold over the course of an interaction and become tightly coordinated is not well understood. In this paper, we present work to develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of coordinated referential gaze in collaborating dyads. We recruited 13 dyads to participate in a collaborative sandwich-making task and used dual mobile eye tracking to synchronously record each participant's gaze behavior. We used a relatively new analysis technique—epistemic network analysis—to jointly model the gaze behaviors of both conversational participants. In this analysis, network nodes represent gaze targets for each participant, and edge strengths convey the likelihood of simultaneous gaze to the connected target nodes during a given time-slice. We divided collaborative task sequences into discrete phases to examine how the networks of shared gaze evolved over longer time windows. We conducted three separate analyses of the data to reveal (1 properties and patterns of how gaze coordination unfolds throughout an interaction sequence, (2 optimal time lags of gaze alignment within a dyad at different phases of the interaction, and (3 differences in gaze coordination patterns for interaction sequences that lead to breakdowns and repairs. In addition to contributing to the growing body of knowledge on the coordination of gaze behaviors in joint activities, this work has implications for the design of future technologies that engage in situated interactions with human users.