Calorimetric study of interaction of barium hydroxide with diluted solutions of hydrofluoric acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurbanov, A.R.; Sharipov, D.Sh.

1993-01-01

Present article is devoted to calorimetric study of interaction of barium hydroxide with diluted solutions of hydrofluoric acid. The calorimetric study of interaction of barium hydroxide with diluted solutions of hydrofluoric acid was carried out in order to determine the thermal effects of reactions. The results of interaction of Ba(OH) 4 ·8H 2 O with 5, 10, and 20% solution of hydrofluoric acid were considered.

Calorimetric measurements of $^{163}$ holmium decay as tools to determine the electron neutrino mass

CERN Document Server

De Rújula, Alvaro

1982-01-01

Computes the spectrum of 'calorimetric' energy in the electron capture decay of /sup 163/Ho. A calorimetric experiment would yield an excellent determination of (/sup 163/Ho, /sup 163/Dy) mass difference. The proximity of the spectral endpoint to an atomic resonance makes the fraction of events that are sensitive to a non-zero neutrino mass superior in /sup 163/Ho decay than in tritium decay.

Calorimetric dosimetry in neutron and charged particle beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McDonald, J.C.; Ma, I.C.; Laughlin, J.S.

1978-01-01

A portable tissue-equivalent (TE) calorimetric, constructed of A-150 plastic, has been employed for the measurement of absorbed dose in several neutron radiotherapy fields. Comparisons of spherical, cylindrical, and thimble shaped TE ionization chambers have been carried out using either air, or a flow of TE gas in the chamber

Calorimetric method for current sharing temperature measurements in ITER conductor samples in SULTAN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bagnasco, M.

2009-01-01

Several Toroidal Field Conductor short samples with slight layout variations have been assembled and tested in the SULTAN facility at CRPP. The measurement campaigns started in 2007 and are still ongoing. The performance of every conductor is expressed in terms of current sharing temperature (T cs ), i.e. the temperature at which a defined electric field, 10 μV/m, is detected in the cable due to the incipient superconducting-to-normal state transition. The T cs at specific operating conditions is the key design parameter for the ITER conductors and is the main object of the qualification tests. Typically, the average electric field is measured with voltage tap pairs attached on the jacket along the conductor. The inability however to explain observed premature voltage developments opened the discussion about possible alternative measuring methods. The He flow calorimetric method is based on the measurement of the resistive power generation in the conductor. It relies on the detection of very small temperature increases along the conductor in steady state operation. The accuracy and the reliability of the calorimetric method in SULTAN are critically discussed, with particular emphasis on the instrumentation requirements and test procedures. The application of the calorimetric method to the recent SULTAN test campaigns is described with its merits and limits. For future tests of ITER conductors in SULTAN, the calorimetric method for T cs test is proposed as a routine procedure.

Investigation of the accuracy of MV radiation isocentre calculations in the Elekta cone-beam CT software XVI

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zimmermann, S. J.; Rowshanfarzad, P.; Ebert, M. A.

2015-01-01

) and the radiation field centre (RFC) is calculated. A software package was developed for accurate calculation of the linac isocentre position. This requires precise determination of the position of the ball bearing and the RFC. Results: Data were acquired for 6 MV, 18 MV and flattening filter free (FFF) 6 MV FFF...... radiation isocentre prior to routine use of the cone-beam CT system. The isocentre determination method used in the XVI software is not available to users. The aim of this work is to perform an independent evaluation of the Elekta XVI 4.5 software for isocentre verification with focus on the robustness...... iView GT software. Two images were acquired at each cardinal gantry angle (-180o, -90o , 0o, 90o) at two opposing collimator angles. The images were exported to the conebeam CT software XVI 4.5 where the difference between the ball bearing position in the XYZ-room coordinates (IEC61217...

Effect of Heat Generation of Ultrasound Transducer on Ultrasonic Power Measured by Calorimetric Method

Science.gov (United States)

Uchida, Takeyoshi; Kikuchi, Tsuneo

2013-07-01

Ultrasonic power is one of the key quantities closely related to the safety of medical ultrasonic equipment. An ultrasonic power standard is required for establishment of safety. Generally, an ultrasonic power standard below approximately 20 W is established by the radiation force balance (RFB) method as the most accurate measurement method. However, RFB is not suitable for high ultrasonic power because of thermal damage to the absorbing target. Consequently, an alternative method to RFB is required. We have been developing a measurement technique for high ultrasonic power by the calorimetric method. In this study, we examined the effect of heat generation of an ultrasound transducer on ultrasonic power measured by the calorimetric method. As a result, an excessively high ultrasonic power was measured owing to the effect of heat generation from internal loss in the transducer. A reference ultrasound transducer with low heat generation is required for a high ultrasonic power standard established by the calorimetric method.

Tissue distribution and developmental expression of type XVI collagen in the mouse.

Science.gov (United States)

Lai, C H; Chu, M L

1996-04-01

The expression of a recently identified collagen, alpha 1 (XVI), in adult mouse tissue and developing mouse embryo was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. A polyclonal antiserum was raised against a recombinant fusion protein, which contained a segment of 161 amino acids in the N-terminal noncollagenous domain of the human alpha 1 (XVI) collagen. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labelled human or mouse fibroblast cell lysates with this antibody revealed a major, bacterial collagenase sensitive polypeptide of approximately 210 kDa. The size agrees with the prediction from the full-length cDNA. Immunofluorescence examination of adult mouse tissues using the affinity purified antibody revealed a rather broad distribution of the protein. The heart, kidney, intestine, ovary, testis, eye, arterial walls and smooth muscles all exhibited significant levels of expression, while the skeletal muscle, lung and brain showed very restricted and low signals. During development, no significant expression of the mRNA or protein was observed in embryo of day 8 of gestation, but strong signals was detected in placental trophoblasts. Expression in embryos was detectable first after day 11 of gestation with weak positive signals appearing in the heart. In later stages of development, stronger RNA hybridizations were observed in a variety of tissues, particularly in atrial and ventricular walls of the developing heart, spinal root neural fibers and skin. These data demonstrate that type XVI collagen represents another collagenous component widely distributed in the extracellular matrix and may contribute to the structural integrity of various tissues.

Thermodynamic consistency of vapor pressure and calorimetric data for argon, krypton, and xenon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwalbe, L.A.; Crawford, R.K.; Chen, H.H.; Aziz, R.A.

1977-01-01

A new two-parameter vapor pressure equation has been derived which, unlike the Salter equation, is shown to be equally applicable to quantum or classical solids and even liquids. The condensed phase enthalpies and entropies are given directly by the fitted parameters with accuracies comparable to those which have been claimed for existing independent calorimetric measurements. Recent vapor pressure data for the solid and liquid phases of argon, krypton, and xenon are analyzed in this manner, and the results are compared with the available calorimetric data. New values for the cohesive energy at T=0 are also derived for these substances

Determination of the protonation enthalpy of humic acid by calorimetric titration technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kimuro, Shingo; Kirishima, Akira; Sato, Nobuaki

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: The thermodynamic quantities of protonation of humic acid were determined by the combination of potentiometric titration and calorimetric titration. It was observed that the protonation enthalpy and Gibbs free energy had been affected by pH of solution. As a result, the thermodynamics of the protonation reaction of humic acid is influenced by the polyelectrolyte effect and the heterogeneity. - Highlights: • We applied calorimetric titration technique to the protonation of humic acid. • The thermodynamic quantities of protonation of humic acid were determined. • The protonation enthalpy of humic acid is affected by the heterogeneity. • Gibbs free energy of the protonation is affected by the polyelectrolyte effect. - Abstract: In this study, the calorimetric titration technique was used to determine the protonation enthalpy of two reference humic acids and polyacrylic acid. First, we obtained the apparent protonation constant of two kinds of humic acid purchased from IHSS (International Humic Substances Society) and polyacrylic acid by potentiometric titration. Second, we obtained the protonation enthalpy of them by calorimetric titration. The protonation enthalpy of humic acid was affected by pH and the ionic strength of bulk solution. From the comparison of ΔH between humic acid and polyacrylic acid, it was concluded that the pH dependence of ΔH is attributed to the heterogeneity of humic acid. And ΔH of phenolic hydroxyl group in humic acid is strongly influenced by the electric double layer of humic acid’s surface. This is considered to be a reason of the ionic strength dependence of ΔH. On the other hand, Gibbs free energy of the protonation of humic acid is affected by the electrostatic attraction with the progress of dissociation of functional groups such as carboxyl group and phenolic hydroxyl group. Consequently, the thermodynamics of the protonation of humic acid is affected by the polyelectrolyte effect and the

EDITORIAL: XVI Brazilian Colloquium on Orbital Dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

de Melo, Cristiano F.; Macau, Elbert E. N.; Prado, Antonio B. A.; Hetem Jnr, Annibal

2013-10-01

The XVI Brazilian Colloquium on Orbital Dynamics was held from 26-30 November 2012, at the Biazi Grand Hotel, Serra Negra, São Paulo, Brazil. The Brazilian Colloquia on Orbital Dynamics are scientific events that occur bi-annually and are designed to develop those areas of research in celestial mechanics, orbital dynamics, planetary science, fundamental astronomy, aerospace engineering, and nonlinear systems and chaos. The meeting has been held for 30 years and it brings together researchers, professors and students from South American and also from other continents. Acknowledgements National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level - CAPES São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP

First Calorimetric Measurement of OI-line in the Electron Capture Spectrum of $^{163}$Ho

CERN Document Server

Ranitzsch, P. C. -O.; Wegner, M.; Kempf, S.; Fleischmann, A.; Enss, C.; Gastaldo, L.; Herlert, A.; Johnston, K.

2014-01-01

The isotope $^{163}$Ho undergoes an electron capture process with a recommended value for the energy available to the decay, $Q_{\\rm EC}$, of about 2.5 keV. According to the present knowledge, this is the lowest $Q_{\\rm EC}$ value for electron capture processes. Because of that, $^{163}$Ho is the best candidate to perform experiments to investigate the value of the electron neutrino mass based on the analysis of the calorimetrically measured spectrum. We present for the first time the calorimetric measurement of the atomic de-excitation of the $^{163}$Dy daughter atom upon the capture of an electron from the 5s shell in $^{163}$Ho, OI-line. The measured peak energy is 48 eV. This measurement was performed using low temperature metallic magnetic calorimeters with the $^{163}$Ho ion implanted in the absorber. We demonstrate that the calorimetric spectrum of $^{163}$Ho can be measured with high precision and that the parameters describing the spectrum can be learned from the analysis of the data. Finally, we dis...

Calorimetric determination of the enthalpy of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide synthesis: a key quantity in thermodynamics of ionic liquids.

Science.gov (United States)

Paulechka, Yauheni U; Kabo, Andrey G; Blokhin, Andrey V

2009-11-05

The enthalpy of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C(4)mim]Br ionic liquid synthesis reaction 1-methylimidazole (liq) + 1-bromobutane (liq) --> [C(4)mim]Br (liq) was determined in a homemade small-volume isoperibol calorimeter to be Delta(r)H degrees (298) = -87.7 +/- 1.6 kJ x mol(-1). The activation energy for this reaction in a homogeneous system E(A) = 73 +/- 4 kJ x mol(-1) was found from the results of calorimetric measurements. The formation enthalpies for the crystalline and liquid [C(4)mim]Br were determined from the calorimetric data: Delta(f)H degrees (298)(cr) = -178 +/- 5 kJ x mol(-1) and Delta(f)H degrees (298)(liq) = -158 +/- 5 kJ x mol(-1). The ideal-gas formation enthalpy of this compound Delta(f)H degrees (298)(g) = 16 +/- 7 kJ x mol(-1) was calculated using the methods of quantum chemistry and statistical thermodynamics. The vaporization enthalpy of [C(4)mim]Br, Delta(vap)H degrees (298) = 174 +/- 9 kJ x mol(-1), was estimated from the experimental and calculated formation enthalpies. It was demonstrated that vapor pressure of this ionic liquid cannot be experimentally determined.

Taki onqoy: epidemia de intoxicación por exposición al mercurio en Huamanga del siglo XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Alberto Santa María

Full Text Available Taki Onqoy es un síndrome que corresponde a la intoxicación por exposición al mercurio. Apareció como consecuencia de la explotación de las minas de mercurio de Paras y Huancavelica en el Perú durante el siglo XVI. La caquexia mercurial, última etapa de la enfermedad, estaría asociada a la idea del pishtaco. El Taki Onqoy en el Perú del siglo XVI, representa la mayor epidemia por intoxicación por mercurio conocida por la humanidad.

Plantas medicinais consumidas em Cochim, no século XVI e na atualidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Maria Madaleno

Full Text Available O objetivo primacial desta pesquisa é investigar como solucionam os habitantes de Cochim, na Índia, seus problemas de saúde, quando não podem aceder aos sistemas convencionais ou quando optam por aceder a sistemas alternativos, na modernidade. O objetivo específico da pesquisa é compilar as espécies vegetais de uso terapêutico no século XVI e compará-las com as atuais. A flora indiana, em particular as especiarias, tem fascinado a humanidade desde o início dos tempos. Em 1498, os portugueses descobriram o caminho marítimo para a Índia e, durante os dois séculos seguintes, o pequeno país europeu dominou o comércio mundial com o oriente. Seguindo a rota das especiarias, o Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT organizou, recentemente, uma missão científica a Kerala, a fim de investigar os frutos, os legumes, os condimentos, os tubérculos e as plantas medicinais cultivadas em jardins e pátios traseiros, vendidos em mercados e feiras, e recomendados pela medicina Ayurvédica, na cidade de Cochim. O ponto de partida foi a leitura de quatro manuscritos do século XVI que enumeravam as plantas aromáticas, condimentares e medicinais da Índia renascentista. Os resultados demonstram que um número substancial de plantas colhidas durante a missão do IICT, em 2013, já era usado na Índia, no século XVI.

THE XVI. CENTURY POET SHERÎFÎ’S WORK CALLED SHEVÂHİDÜ’SH-SHÜHEDÂ / XVI. ASIR SAİRLERİNDEN EĞİRDİRLİ SERÎFÎ’NİN SEVÂHİDÜ’S-SÜHEDÂ’SI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. Sadık YAZAR

2009-04-01

Full Text Available In this article, which XVI. century poet Sherîfî’swork called Shevâhidü’sh-shühedâ, that can be a newexample of the maktel (elegy genre, was presented; firstlyI gave brief information about Serîfî and his works. I alsolooked at the maktel (elegy genre’s development and itsexamples in the classical Turkish literature –formbegining to end of the XVI. century- briefly. In the last part of the artcile I compared Sherîfî’s Shevâhidü’shshühedâwith the Fuzûlî’s –the famous XVI. centuryTurkish poet- Hadîqatü’s-sü’edâ and after this compare itwas understood that Sherîfî has benefited from Fuzûlî’swork at the degree of plagiarism. After all these, it wasunderstood that Sherîfî’s Shevâhidü’sh-shühedâ has nomuch value of the originalty.

Calorimetric cryodetectors for heavy ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Egelhof, P; Henning, W; Kienlin, A v; Meier, J; Truebenbacher, V [Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt (Germany, F.R.) Mainz Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Physik; Azgui, F [CDTN, Algiers (Algeria); Shepard, K [Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)

1990-01-01

Status and first test results are reported for a project to develop calorimetric cryodetectors for heavy ions. The special conditions for the detection of energetic heavy ions are discussed. Presently the investigations are focussed on semiconductor bolometers and aluminium-strip superconducting phase-transition thermometers that are cooled with liquid {sup 4}He and operate in the temperature range 1.3-4.2 K. For a germanium bolometer the temperature dependence of the resistance, voltage-current curves, the time response to heating by voltage pulses and the response to ionizing {alpha}-radiation are reported. First tests on phase transition thermometers using thin aluminum strips yield a transition width of {Delta}T=8.6 mK at T{sub c}=1.467 K. (orig.).

Reactivity of Monolayer Protected Silver Clusters Towards Excess Ligand: A Calorimetric Study

KAUST Repository

Baksi, Ananya; Bootharaju, Megalamane Siddaramappa; Chhotaray, Pratap K.; Chakraborty, Papri; Mondal, Biswajit; Bhat, Shridevi; Gardas, Ramesh L.; Pradeep, Thalappil

2017-01-01

Reactivity of monolayer protected atomically precise clusters of noble metals is of significant research interest. Till date very few experimental data are available on the reaction thermodynamics of such clusters. Here we report a calorimetric

Isothermal titration calorimetric studies of the acid-base properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine) cationic polyelectrolyte colloidal microgels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seidel, J.; Pinkrah, V.T.; Mitchell, J.C.; Chowdhry, B.Z.; Snowden, M.J.

2004-01-01

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and potentiometric titration were used to study the protonation properties of the 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) moiety in cationic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine) colloidal microgels [poly(NIPAM-co-4-VP)]. Calorimetric pH titrations were performed using microgels of different 4-VP content and the influence of ionic strength and counter ions have been examined. The calorimetric titration output consists of several thermal contributions reflecting the complex nature of the interactions in the aqueous microgel dispersions. In contrast to the potentiometric results, the calorimetric titration data could not be completely described by a theoretical model solely taking into account protonation equilibria. Deviations from the proposed model correlate with swelling or shrinking of the gel particles. The calorimetric results also reveal a pronounced counter-ion effect of perchlorate compared to chloride ions. In the presence of perchlorate ions, small secondary thermal effects accompany protonation of the 4-VP moiety due, in part, to kinetically limited conformational changes in the co-polymer microgel

La industria textil y su regulación en el siglo XVI: caso particular de Toledo = The textile industry and its regulation in the XVI century: Toledo, a particular case

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Ángela Jiménez Montañés

2012-01-01

Full Text Available ResumenEl sector al que correspondió el mayor protagonismo dentro de la industria europea moderna fue, sin lugar a dudas, el textil. Ello no representaba, en realidad, novedad alguna, pues la industria medieval se desarrolló precisamente en función primordialmente de la fabricación de tejidos. El vestido, al tiempo que una necesidad inmediata, resulta expresión visual de distinción social, aún más que la decoración de la vivienda. Por ello la industria textil creció a expensas tanto de la necesidad como del lujo. Uno de los grandes cambios que se producen en este tipo de industria durante todo el siglo XV y se consolida en el XVI se centra en las relaciones de producción, en la utilización de mano de obra campesina y la consolidación del ciclo de producción artesano rural. La mano de obra rural comienza a trabajar por su cuenta o en dependencia del empresario-productor de la ciudad. Si bien, la profunda transformación de la industria textil tendrá lugar en el siglo XVIII, con la revolución industrial.La transformación de la industria textil del siglo XVI propició la expansión de una nueva figura en el ámbito mercantil, que se denomina mercader-empresario, y por tanto, del sistema doméstico de producción conocido como Verlagssystem. Este nuevo sistema implicará modificaciones de factores claves para el desarrollo de las futuras sociedades mercantiles como pueden ser: el capital, la utilización de la materia prima y su proceso de transformación, la formación de los costes de producción y comercialización, la obtención de beneficios y su distribución, la concentración del capital y la generación de rentes. En definitiva, la creación de una nueva clase social, la burguesía. Este trabajo se centra en la industria sedera de la ciudad de Toledo en el siglo XVI.AbstractThe textile sector, was the greater protagonist, without doubt, within the modern European industry. It did not represent, in fact, newness some

PCCE-A Predictive Code for Calorimetric Estimates in actively cooled components affected by pulsed power loads

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agostinetti, P.; Palma, M. Dalla; Fantini, F.; Fellin, F.; Pasqualotto, R.

2011-01-01

The analytical interpretative models for calorimetric measurements currently available in the literature can consider close systems in steady-state and transient conditions, or open systems but only in steady-state conditions. The PCCE code (Predictive Code for Calorimetric Estimations), here presented, introduces some novelties. In fact, it can simulate with an analytical approach both the heated component and the cooling circuit, evaluating the heat fluxes due to conductive and convective processes both in steady-state and transient conditions. The main goal of this code is to model heating and cooling processes in actively cooled components of fusion experiments affected by high pulsed power loads, that are not easily analyzed with purely numerical approaches (like Finite Element Method or Computational Fluid Dynamics). A dedicated mathematical formulation, based on concentrated parameters, has been developed and is here described in detail. After a comparison and benchmark with the ANSYS commercial code, the PCCE code is applied to predict the calorimetric parameters in simple scenarios of the SPIDER experiment.

Un caso d’amor fou nella società aristocratica genovese del secolo XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gianfranco Bettin Lattes

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Perché nel cuore del centro storico di Genova esiste una “piazza dell’amor perfetto”? Sullo sfondo delle tumultuose vicende politiche del secolo XVI la passione, altrettanto tumultuosa, di Tommasina Spinola, nobile genovese, per Luigi XII, Re di Francia, trasforma l’amore in tragedia.

Thermochemical investigation into coordination ability of zinc and cadmium alkyl compounds in solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aleksandrov, Yu.A.; Fedostseva, G.A.; Tsvetkov, V.G.; Lebedev, S.A.; Kozyrkin, B.I.

1983-01-01

Enthalpies of zinc alkyl compounds mixing, as well as those of dimethyl cadmium mixing with hexane, previously used as a solvent during the study of liquid-phase autooxidation of Me 2 Cd and Me 2 Zn, and with a series of organic bases at 298 K and at components ratio 1:1 or 1:2, are determined. Using calorimetric method dimethyl cadmium association in liquid state has been evaluated. Coordination ability of zinc alkyl compounds is higher than for the corresponding cadmium compounds. With the increase of alkyl radical length the electron seeking ability of zinc compounds decreases. On the basis of thermochemical data relative stability of coordination compounds of zinc and cadmium alkyl compounds with certain alkyl compounds of group 6 elements is evaluated: it has the maximum value for sulfur compounds

Crosstalk XVI, basic data communication and RS-232C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hwang, Hui Yung

1988-10-01

This book is divided into three parts, which deals with compatible software of data communication with IBM PC XT/AT. The first part consists of an introduction to crosstalk XVI, getting start for user, crosstalk practice, call with crosstalk, terminal feature, switch of communication parameter, terminal emulation, capturing data, transmission of text file answer mode, file transfer, command file and script file, command summary and examples. The second part deals with basic personal computer communication, RS-232C and explanation of communication control : RS-232C interface, transmission device and interrupt controller 8259.

Calorimetric and ionometric dosimetry for cyclotron produced fast neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McDonald, J.C.; Ma, I.C.; Laughlin, J.S.

1977-01-01

A portable tissue equivalent (TE) calorimeter, constructed of A-150 plastic, has been employed for the measurement of absorbed dose in two fast neutron fields produced by the 9 Be( 3 He,n) and 9 Be(d,n) interactions. A disc shaped ionization chamber has also been constructed of A-150 plastic and has a collecting volume geometrically equivalent to the calorimeter core (2 cm in diameter and 0.2 cm thick). A flow of methane compounded TE gas was maintained through the chamber at a rate of approximately 5 cc/min during the measurements. The ionization chamber was mounted within an irradiation enclosure which simulated the outer dimensions of the calorimeter housing. In this way, both detectors were placed at the same depth in TE plastic and each received approximately the same scattered radiation. The gamma-ray component of absorbed dose has been determined by the use of a miniature Geiger-Mueller dosimeter. It was found that the response sensitivity ratio for the TE ionization chamber in the two neutron fields relative to the 60 Co gamma-ray field, when normalized to the absorbed dose measured by the TE calorimeter, was approximately 1.07. Uncertainties in these calorimetric and ionometric methods for the measurements of the absorbed dose will be discussed along with measurements of the thermal defect for A-150 TE plastic

PREFACE: Symmetries in Science XVI

Science.gov (United States)

2014-10-01

This volume of the proceedings ''Symmetries in Science XVI'' is dedicated to the memory of Miguel Lorente and Allan Solomon who both participated several times in these Symposia. We lost not only two great scientists and colleagues, but also two wonderful persons of high esteem whom we will always remember. Dieter Schuch, Michael Ramek There is a German saying ''all good things come in threes'' and ''Symmetries in Science XVI'', convened July 20-26, 2013 at the Mehrerau Monastery, was our third in the sequel of these symposia since taking it over from founder Bruno Gruber who instigated it in 1988 (then in Lochau). Not only the time seemed to have been perfect (one week of beautiful sunshine), but also the medley of participants could hardly have been better. This time, 34 scientists from 16 countries (more than half outside the European Union) came together to report and discuss their latest results in various fields of science, all related to symmetries. The now customary grouping of renowned experts and talented newcomers was very rewarding and stimulating for all. The informal, yet intense, discussions at ''Gasthof Lamm'' occurred (progressively later) each evening till well after midnight and finally till almost daybreak! However, prior to the opening ceremony and during the conference, respectively, we were informed that Miguel Lorente and Allan Solomon had recently passed away. Both attended the SIS Symposia several times and had many friends among present and former participants. Professor Peter Kramer, himself a long-standing participant and whose 80th birthday commemoration prevented him from attending SIS XVI, kindly agreed to write the obituary for Miguel Lorente. Professors Richard Kerner and Carol Penson (both also former attendees) penned, at very short notice, the tribute to Allan Solomon. The obituaries are included in these Proceedings and further tributes have been posted to our conference website. In 28 lectures and an evening poster

Comparison and qualification of FFTF calorimetric methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCall, T.B.; Nutt, W.T.; Zimmerman, B.D.

1981-01-01

The Fast Flux Test Facility achieved full power operation on December 21, 1981. During the power ascent, the reactor thermal power (calorimetric) was computed by three methods as follows: the plant main data handling computer, Plant Data System (PDS); a second computer, the Experimenter's Data System (EDS); and a manual method requiring human operator activities and a programmable calculator. It is the purpose of this paper to explain the rationale for employing the three methods, describe how each works in a schematic fashion, compare the results, and demonstrate that all methods have met stringent goals based on a statistical analysis of the results

Calorimetric monitoring of the serum proteome in schizophrenia patients

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krumova, Sashka [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria); Rukova, Blaga [Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431 (Bulgaria); Todinova, Svetla [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria); Gartcheva, Lidia [National Specialized Hospital for Active Treating of Haematological Diseases, 6 Plovdivsko pole Str., Sofia 1756 (Bulgaria); Milanova, Vihra [Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Sofia, 1 Sv. Georgi Sofiiski Str., Sofia 1431 (Bulgaria); Toncheva, Draga [Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431 (Bulgaria); Taneva, Stefka G., E-mail: stefka.germanova@ehu.es [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria)

2013-11-20

Highlights: • DSC reveals modified thermal behavior of blood serum from schizophrenic patients. • The high-abundance portion of the serum proteome is thermally stabilized in Sz. • The Sz plasma thermograms are classified in four distinct calorimetric groups. • The effectiveness of drug treatment correlates with the plasma thermodynamic behavior. - Abstract: Schizophrenia (Sz) is a multifactorial mental disorder with high frequency. Due to its chronic and relapsing nature there is a strong need for biomarkers for early psychosis detection and objective evaluation of drug (usually antipsychotics) treatment effect. Here differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is applied to thermodynamically characterize the blood serum proteome of paranoid schizophrenia patients on routine antipsychotic treatment in comparison to healthy controls. DSC revealed significant modifications in the thermodynamic behavior of blood sera from Sz patients, the overall thermal profile being changed in all Sz cases under study. The calorimetric profiles were classified in four distinct groups, reflecting different thermal stabilization of the high-abundance portion of the serum proteome. The observed positive (thermograms becoming closer to the healthy profile) or negative (thermograms deviating stronger from the healthy profile) proteome thermal stability switches and the Sz thermograms persistence in patients’ follow-up corresponded well with the effect of drug treatment.

Calorimetric monitoring of the serum proteome in schizophrenia patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krumova, Sashka; Rukova, Blaga; Todinova, Svetla; Gartcheva, Lidia; Milanova, Vihra; Toncheva, Draga; Taneva, Stefka G.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • DSC reveals modified thermal behavior of blood serum from schizophrenic patients. • The high-abundance portion of the serum proteome is thermally stabilized in Sz. • The Sz plasma thermograms are classified in four distinct calorimetric groups. • The effectiveness of drug treatment correlates with the plasma thermodynamic behavior. - Abstract: Schizophrenia (Sz) is a multifactorial mental disorder with high frequency. Due to its chronic and relapsing nature there is a strong need for biomarkers for early psychosis detection and objective evaluation of drug (usually antipsychotics) treatment effect. Here differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is applied to thermodynamically characterize the blood serum proteome of paranoid schizophrenia patients on routine antipsychotic treatment in comparison to healthy controls. DSC revealed significant modifications in the thermodynamic behavior of blood sera from Sz patients, the overall thermal profile being changed in all Sz cases under study. The calorimetric profiles were classified in four distinct groups, reflecting different thermal stabilization of the high-abundance portion of the serum proteome. The observed positive (thermograms becoming closer to the healthy profile) or negative (thermograms deviating stronger from the healthy profile) proteome thermal stability switches and the Sz thermograms persistence in patients’ follow-up corresponded well with the effect of drug treatment

Volumetric and calorimetric properties of aqueous ionene solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Lukšič, Miha; Hribar-Lee, Barbara

2017-02-01

The volumetric (partial and apparent molar volumes) and calorimetric properties (apparent heat capacities) of aqueous cationic polyelectrolyte solutions - ionenes - were studied using the oscillating tube densitometer and differential scanning calorimeter. The polyion's charge density and the counterion properties were considered as variables. The special attention was put to evaluate the contribution of electrostatic and hydrophobic effects to the properties studied. The contribution of the CH 2 group of the polyion's backbone to molar volumes and heat capacities was estimated. Synergistic effect between polyion and counterions was found.

Calorimetric thermal-vacuum performance characterization of the BAe 80K space cryocooler

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kotsubo, V.Y.; Johnson, D.L.; Ross, R.G. Jr.

1992-01-01

This paper on a comprehensive characterization program which is underway at JPL to generate test data on long-life, miniature Stirling-cycle cryocoolers for space application. The key focus of this paper is on the thermal performance of the British Aerospace (BAe) 80K split-Stirling-cycle cryocooler as measured in a unique calorimetric thermal-vacuum test chamber that accurately simulates the heat-transfer interfaces of space. Two separate cooling fluid loops provide precis individual control of the compressor and displacer heatsink temperatures. In addition, heatflow transducers enable calorimetric measurements of the heat rejected separately by the compressor and displacer. Cooler thermal performance has been mapped for coldtip temperatures ranging from below 45 K to above 150 K, for heat-sink temperatures ranging from 280 K to 320 K, and for a wide variety of operational variables including compressor-displacer phase, compressor-displacer stoke, drive frequency, and piston-displacer dc offset

Energetics of hydrogen bonding in proteins: a model compound study.

OpenAIRE

Habermann, S. M.; Murphy, K. P.

1996-01-01

Differences in the energetics of amide-amide and amide-hydroxyl hydrogen bonds in proteins have been explored from the effect of hydroxyl groups on the structure and dissolution energetics of a series of crystalline cyclic dipeptides. The calorimetrically determined energetics are interpreted in light of the crystal structures of the studied compounds. Our results indicate that the amide-amide and amide-hydroxyl hydrogen bonds both provide considerable enthalpic stability, but that the amide-...

O mundo americano na produção escrita inglesa: séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII

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Lílian Martins de Lima

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A apreciação do Novo Mundo por letrados ingleses, irlandeses e escoceses pode ser pontuada a partir da segunda metade do século XVI. A compreensão acerca dessa temática é um dos eixos deste artigo, que pretende avaliar as nuances da produção escrita em língua inglesa entre os séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII, com destaque para a formulação de histórias filosóficas da América. Buscamos, em linhas gerais, avaliar de que forma o cenário americano foi descrito por autores que, em diferentes momentos, se indagaram sobre o lugar da América na historiografia inglesa.

Calorimetric determination of the δ hydride dissolution enthalpy in Zircaloy-4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vizcaino, Pablo; Banchik, Abraham D.

2003-01-01

In this work, the dissolution enthalpy, ΔH δ→α , of the δ hydride phase in the αZr matrix in Zircaloy-4 has been determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in two different ways: by means of a vant Hoff equation, measuring the terminal solubility temperature in dissolution, TSSd, and by direct measurement of the dissolution heat, Q δ→α , as the area between the base line and the calorimetric curve. The application of the DSC technique to the hydride dissolution heat measurements, a transformation which covers an extended temperature range, is completely original and requires a special treatment of the calorimetric curve. These measurements were done on samples, which practically cover the whole solubility range of hydrogen in αZr phase (80-640 ppm). The values obtained, 36.9 kJ/mol H and 39.3 kJ/mol H respectively, are self-consistent and in good agreement with the values of the more recent revisions, but reduces considerably the scatter of the literature data. (author)

Determination of Fragility in Organic Small Molecular Glass Forming Liquids: Comparison of Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Data and Commentary on Pharmaceutical Importance.

Science.gov (United States)

Chakravarty, Paroma; Pandya, Keyur; Nagapudi, Karthik

2018-03-05

The fragility index ( m) and conversely the strength parameter ( D) are widely used to categorize glass forming liquids and are used to characterize temperature dependency of viscosity and relaxation time as the supercooled liquid approaches glass transition. The currently used calorimetric methods in pharmaceutical literature lead to wide variability in measured values of m. In this work, a modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method is introduced that can directly determine m with minimal variability. Although calorimetric fragility is easy to measure due to availability and ease of use of DSC, there is no correlation between calorimetric and dielectric fragility (calculated spectroscopically from relaxation times). In addition, there is also no correlation between calorimetric fragility and the so-called "thermodynamic fragility" that can be calculated using only thermodynamic parameters. No relationship can be found between the crystallization propensity in the supercooled liquid state and D. However, the crystallization propensity shows a reasonable correlation with the Kohlrausch distribution parameter β k , which defines the breadth of the relaxation time distribution.

Inaptos de oro: figuraciones del otro en el teatro portugués del siglo XVI

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José Camões

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Las figuraciones de etnias minoritarias marginalizadas han sido una presencia constante en el teatro portugués del siglo XVI. Se analizan casos concretos que muestran como el teatro estrecha las márgenes, integrando en el universo ficcional la realidad cotidiana.

Os excessos da identidade: Bento XVI e a questão da tolerância Excesses of identity: Benedict XVI and the issue of tolerance

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Homero Santiago

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Partindo de algumas das polêmicas opiniões de Bento XVI, o artigo busca compreender a base doutrinária delas e discutir os seus efeitos para a questão da tolerância religiosa. Depois de uma apresentação do que entende por tolerância, propõe um percurso através da encíclica Deus caritas est, que embasa a nova doutrina papal numa interpretação particular da noção de "amor de Deus". Por fim, tenta-se mostrar como esse "amor", mediante uma ênfase exagerada da idéia de identidade, torna-se nos documentos papais um instrumento de combate a todas as diferenças, pondo a perder a possibilidade de convivência entre as religiões e, por conseqüência, semeando o fundamentalismo.This article tries to comprehend the doctrinal base of some polemical assessments of Benedict XVI; discussing its effects on the issue of religious tolerance. After presenting what is understood to mean tolerance, it proposes a way through the encyclical letter Deus caritas est; in this letter, the new papal doctrine is founded on a particular interpretation of the notion of "God's love". Lastly, it intends to show how this "love", by an exaggerated emphasis on the idea of identity, becomes an instrument of fight against every difference, spoiling the possibility of a pacific relationship among the religions and, consequently, sowing the seeds of fundamentalism.

Calorimetric sensitivity and thermal resolution of a novel miniaturized ceramic DSC chip in LTCC technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Missal, Wjatscheslaw, E-mail: wmissal@gmx.net [Department of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany); Kita, Jaroslaw [Department of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany); Wappler, Eberhard [wsk Mess- und Datentechnik GmbH, Gueterbahnhofstr. 1, 63450 Hanau (Germany); Bechtold, Franz [VIA electronic GmbH, Robert-Friese-Str. 3, 07629 Hermsdorf (Germany); Moos, Ralf [Department of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)

2012-09-10

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Unique vertical design of a DSC device manufactured in the low-cost LTCC technology and therefore capable of one-way use. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fully functional DSC device with a size of only 1.5 mm Multiplication-Sign 11 mm Multiplication-Sign 39 mm enabling very low power consumption. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Comparable measurement performance as conventional DSC whilst also suitable for mobile thermal analysis. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Thermal resolution is 0.12 (TAWN test). Repeatability of the peak area is within 0.3% for indium samples. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Calorimetric sensitivity: linear with regard to temperature and independent from sample mass and heating rate in wide ranges. - Abstract: The calorimetric properties of a novel miniaturized ceramic differential scanning calorimeter device (MC-DSC) with integrated heater and crucible are presented. All features of a conventional DSC apparatus (including oven) are integrated into this DSC device of the size 11 mm Multiplication-Sign 39 mm Multiplication-Sign 1.5 mm. The MC-DSC device is suitable for one-way use, since it is fully manufactured in the low-cost planar low temperature co-fired ceramics technology. First characterization of this device is performed using indium, tin and zinc samples. The calorimetric sensitivity at 156.6 Degree-Sign C is 0.24 J/ Degree-Sign C s. It depends linearly on temperature in the range of at least 150 Degree-Sign C and 420 Degree-Sign C. The calorimetric sensitivity is constant up to an enthalpy of fusion of at least {Delta}H = 750 mJ (at 156.6 Degree-Sign C). The thermal analysis of indium in direct contact to the crucible of the chip even reveals a constant calorimetric sensitivity up to an enthalpy of fusion of at least {Delta}H = 1000 mJ. The repeatability of the peak area is within {+-}0.3% (11 mg indium, 10 measurements). The thermal resolution determined using 4,4 Prime -azoxyanisole under TAWN test

Calorimetric sensors for energy deposition measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Langenbrunner, J.; Cooper, R.; Morgan, G.

1998-01-01

A calorimetric sensor with several novel design features has been developed. These sensors will provide an accurate sampling of thermal power density and energy deposition from proton beams incident on target components of accelerator-based systems, such as the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project (APT) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). A small, solid slug (volume = 0.347 cc) of target material is suspended by kevlar fibers and surrounded by an adiabatic enclosure in an insulating vacuum canister of stainless steel construction. The slug is in thermal contact with a low-mass, calibrated, 100-kΩ thermistor. Power deposition caused by the passage of radiation through the slug is calculated from the rate of temperature rise of the slug. The authors have chosen slugs composed of Pb, Al, and LiAl

O Papa precisa do marxismo? Bento XVI e a incompatibilidade entre a fé cristã e a fé marxista (Does Pope need of Marxism? Benedict XVI and the incompatibility between the Christian faith and the Marxist faith

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rudy Albino Assunção

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O marxismo aparece insistentemente na teologia e no magistério de Joseph Ratzinger-Bento XVI como um inimigo permanente ao qual o cristianismo deve se contrapor, sem possibilidades de conciliação entre ambos. Mas qual concepção subjaz essa rejeição tão peremptória, tão decidida? Para alcançarmos a resposta a tal questão, aprofundamos a visão de Joseph Ratzinger a partir de alguns de seus escritos teológicos (anteriores ao pontificado e, em seguida, nas suas três encíclicas, o ponto alto de seu magistério papal (Deus caritas est, Spe salvi e Caritas in veritate. Defendemos que a crítica de Bento XVI, antes de ser exclusivamente teológica (ou doutrinária, é filosófica, baseada na racionalidade e não na fé professada pela Igreja, que lhe permite tratar o marxismo não simplesmente como um programa político que vai contra alguns valores cristãos, mas como uma escatologia judaico-cristã secularizada, um messianismo político, portanto, como uma religião, como uma fé, que nega e esvazia o núcleo essencial da fé cristã. E aqui está a raiz da sua oposição. Palavras-chave: Marxismo. Bento XVI. Messianismo. Escatologia política.   Abstract: Marxism appears repeatedly in Pope Benedict’s theology and teaching as a permanent enemy that Christianity must oppose without any possibilities of conciliation between them. However, what underlies this decisive rejection? To answer this question we look further into Joseph Ratzinger’s perspective starting with some of his theological writings (before the pontificate followed by three of his encyclicals, the high point of his papal teaching (Deus caritas est, Spe salvi e Caritas in veritate. We argue that Benedict XVI's criticism, prior to being purely theological (or doctrinal, is philosophical, based on rationality and not in the faith professed by the Church, allowing him to treat marxism not simply as a political program that goes against some Christian values

A calorimetric study of solute effects on the kinetic stability of a-amylase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Søren Nymand; Andersen, Kim Bruno; Øgendal, Lars Holm

2009-01-01

In this study we evaluated the applications of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to Study solute effects on the kinetics of irreversible protein denaturation. More specifically, denaturation of Bacillus Halmapalus alpha-amylase (BHA) was initiated by addition of EDTA to the calorimetric cell...

El poblamiento en el siglo XVI. Contrastes entre el Caribe y el interior andino

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Marta Herrera Ángel

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Hablar de poblamiento en el Caribe o en el interior andino y, en general, en América en el siglo XVI, desde la perspectiva de la población que lo habitaba, resulta en buena medida un contrasentido, ya que lo que tuvo lugar en la mayor parte de este continente a lo largo del siglo XVI y buena parte del XVII , como consecuencia de la invasión europea. fue un intenso y continuado proceso de despoblamiento. Ese proceso, en todo caso, no significó la desaparición de la población nativa que, por lo menos hasta finales del siglo XVII y comienzos del siglo XVIII, continuó siendo la población mayoritaria en buena parte del territorio. Pero además, es de resaltar que en las llanuras del Caribe colombiano, así como en el interior andino, al igual que en muchas otras partes del territorio americano, el proceso de despoblamiento que tuvo lugar desde finales del siglo XV no fue compensado por el arribo de pobladores de otros continentes.

Calorimetric low temperature detectors for heavy ion physics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Egelhof, P.; Kraft-Bermuth, S. [Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt (Germany)]|[Mainz Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physik

2005-05-01

Calorimetric low temperature detectors have the potential to become powerful tools for applications in many fields of heavy ion physics. A brief overview of heavy ion physics at present and at the next generation heavy ion facilities is given with a special emphasis on the conditions for heavy ion detection and the potential advantage of cryogenic detectors for applications in heavy ion physics. Two types of calorimetric low temperature detectors for the detection of energetic heavy ions have been developed and their response to the impact of heavy ions was investigated systematically for a wide range of energies (E=0.1-360 MeV/amu) and ion species ({sup 4}He.. {sup 238}U). Excellent results with respect to energy resolution, {delta}E/E ranging from 1 to 5 x 10{sup -3} even for the heaviest ions, and other basic detector properties such as energy linearity with no indication of a pulse height defect, energy threshold, detection efficiency and radiation hardness have been obtained, representing a considerable improvement as compared to conventional heavy ion detectors based on ionization. With the achieved performance, calorimetric low temperature detectors bear a large potential for applications in various fields of basic and applied heavy ion research. A brief overview of a few prominent examples, such as high resolution nuclear spectroscopy, high resolution nuclear mass determination, which may be favourably used for identification of superheavy elements or in direct reaction experiments with radioactive beams, as well as background discrimination in accelerator mass spectrometry, is given, and first results are presented. For instance, the use of cryogenic detectors allowed to improve the sensitivity in trace analysis of {sup 236}U by one order of magnitude and to determine the up to date smallest isotope ratio of {sup 236}U/{sup 238}U = 6.1 x 10{sup -12} in a sample of natural uranium. Besides the detection of heavy ions, the concept of cryogenic detectors also

Calorimetric low temperature detectors for heavy ion physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Egelhof, P.; Kraft-Bermuth, S.; Mainz Univ.

2005-07-01

Calorimetric low temperature detectors have the potential to become powerful tools for applications in many fields of heavy ion physics. A brief overview of heavy ion physics at present and at the next generation heavy ion facilities is given with a special emphasis on the conditions for heavy ion detection and the potential advantage of cryogenic detectors for applications in heavy ion physics. Two types of calorimetric low temperature detectors for the detection of energetic heavy ions have been developed and their response to the impact of heavy ions was investigated systematically for a wide range of energies (E=0.1-360 MeV/amu) and ion species ( 4 He.. 238 U). Excellent results with respect to energy resolution, ΔE/E ranging from 1 to 5 x 10 -3 even for the heaviest ions, and other basic detector properties such as energy linearity with no indication of a pulse height defect, energy threshold, detection efficiency and radiation hardness have been obtained, representing a considerable improvement as compared to conventional heavy ion detectors based on ionization. With the achieved performance, calorimetric low temperature detectors bear a large potential for applications in various fields of basic and applied heavy ion research. A brief overview of a few prominent examples, such as high resolution nuclear spectroscopy, high resolution nuclear mass determination, which may be favourably used for identification of superheavy elements or in direct reaction experiments with radioactive beams, as well as background discrimination in accelerator mass spectrometry, is given, and first results are presented. For instance, the use of cryogenic detectors allowed to improve the sensitivity in trace analysis of 236 U by one order of magnitude and to determine the up to date smallest isotope ratio of 236 U/ 238 U = 6.1 x 10 -12 in a sample of natural uranium. Besides the detection of heavy ions, the concept of cryogenic detectors also provides considerable advantage for X

Adsorption of methylene blue on raw and MTZ/imogolite hybrid surfaces: Effect of concentration and calorimetric investigation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guerra, Denis L., E-mail: dlguerra@pq.cnpq.br [Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, DRM, UFMT, Mato Grosso 78060 900 (Brazil); Batista, Adriano C. [Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, UENF, Rio de Janeiro 28013 02 (Brazil); Viana, Rubia R. [Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, DRM, UFMT, Mato Grosso 78060 900 (Brazil); Airoldi, Claudio [Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

2010-11-15

The synthetic imogolite sample was used for organofunctionalization process with 2-mercaptothiazoline (MTZ). The compound 2-mercaptothiazoline was anchored onto imogolite surface by heterogeneous route. Due to the increment of basic centers attached to the pendant chains the dye adsorption capability of the final chelating material, was found to be higher than is precursor. The ability of these materials to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution was followed by a series of adsorption isotherms at room temperature and pH 4.0. The maximum number of moles adsorbed was determined to be 40.32 x 10{sup -2} and 65.13 x 10{sup -2} mmol g{sup -1} for IMO and IMO{sub MTZ}, respectively. The energetic effects caused by dye cations adsorption were determined through calorimetric titrations. Thermodynamics indicated the existence of favorable conditions for such methylene blue-nitrogen and sulfur interactions.

B2 intermetallic compounds of Zr. New class of the shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koval, Yu.N.; Delaey, L.; Jang, W.Y.

1995-01-01

It is known that the B2 equiatomic intermetallic compounds of Zr (ZrCo-based) undergo a martensitic transformation (MT) with wide temperature hysteresis. It was found that the MT is accompanied by the perfect shape memory effect (SME) for ZrCu and ZrRh. In this report we represent the results of structural analysis, electrical resistivity, calorimetric and SME measurements for ZrCu- and ZrCo-based compounds. Interrelation between structural, thermodynamical parameters of MT and SME in this alloys will be described. The shape memory aspects of this potential alloys for the application at high temperatures will be discussed. (orig.)

Esclavitud en la Extremadura del siglo XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Antonio Ballesteros Díez

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La presencia de esclavos durante el siglo XVI era un hecho tan generalizado en Extremadura como en el resto de Castilla. El conocimiento de este grupo social está diluido entre los marginados o los de ilegítimos, por lo que se hace una aproximación para establecer en distintos lugares de la región algunos datos cuantitativos que permitan medir su participación en el conjunto de la sociedad.The presence of slaves during the Sixteenth Century was a general fact both in Extremadura and in the rest of Castilla. The knowledge of this social group was diluted between the dropouts or the descendents of the illegitimate, therefore we are going to make an approach to establish in different places of the region some quantitative data which allow to measure their participation in the whole of the society.

Encapsulation of UC--PuC mixture for calorimetric study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Armstrong, R.E.; Link, R.P.

1976-01-01

Tantalum capsules lined with tantalum carbide were loaded with a mixture of uranium carbide-20 wt% plutonium carbide and sealed with an electron beam weld for use in Argonne National Laboratory calorimetric studies of reactor fuels. Experimental welding tests were made to determine optimum welding parameters. Special equipment available only at LLL was used and techniques were developed to perform the loading and welding operations without exposure to moisture or oxygen and with complete containment of the radioactive particles. Three capsules were successfully loaded, welded, tested, and delivered to ANL

El Papa Benedicto XVI y el ámbito internacional

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Santiago Petschen

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Benedicto XVI, en el conjunto de los papas de los dos últimos siglos, es un papa eminentemente pastoral, poco diplomático. En algunas ocasiones le faltó tacto para manejar sus relaciones con los musulmanes y con los judíos. No le gustaba la política. Como gran pensador de carácter teórico la preocupaba más bien la profundidad de la filosofía que imperaba en Europa, 'la dictadura del relativismo'. Y también los problemas económicos (el egoísmo del capitalismo financiero y el medio ambiente que no son política internacional aunque sean contenidos que interesen por sí mismos.

PRODUCEREA ŞI COMERCIALIZAREA BĂUTURILOR ALCOOLICE ÎN ORAŞELE DIN RZECZPOSPOLITA ŞI ŢARA MOLDOVEI (SEC.XVI-XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolae DUDNICENCO

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Articolul vizează producerea, comercializarea şi consumul băuturilor alcoolice în oraşele din Rzeczpospolita (a berii, a votcii, a miedului şi din Ţara Moldovei (a vinului, a rachiului, a berii, a brăgii în sec. XVI-XVII. Se investighează mo­dul de producere, comercializare, precum şi taxele care se percepeau pentru băuturile alcoolice în oraşele din teri­toriul dat. Producerea băuturilor alcoolice aducea venituri mari economiei oraşelor din spaţiul indicat supra.PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIALISATION OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS IN RZECZPOSPOLITA AND MOLDOVA PRINCIPALITY CITIES (XVI-XVII C.The article targeting the production, marketing and consumption of alcoholic drinks in the cities from Rzeczpospolita (beer, vodka, mead and from Moldova (wine, spirits, beer, braga in the XVI-XVII c. It have been investigated the mode of production, sell and taxes at which were subjected the alcoholic drinks in the cities on that territory. Production of alcoholic drinks brought substantial revenues to the economy of the cities from the indicated area.

Los mareantes pontevedreses y la pesca de altura en el siglo XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pereira Fernández, Xosé Manuel

2005-12-01

Full Text Available During most of the 16th century, the town of Pontevedra was recorder as the most dynamic urban centre of the Galician kingdom for its economy based on fishing and sea trade. In contrast with the traditional view which has always regarded the seamen from Rias Baixas as coastal fishermen, Pontevedra's historical legal documents from the Sisteenth Century provide evidence of their presence in Newfoundland and the Canary Island fishing grounds. In the light of this evidence, those seamen appear as faithful continuers of a tradition of seafaring relationships with foreign countries dating back to the late Middle Ages.

Durante buena parte del siglo XVI la villa de Pontevedra aparece como el mayor y más dinámico núcleo urbano del Reino de Galicia, con una economía asentada en la pesca y el comercio marítimo. Frente a la visión tradicional, que considera a los hombres del mar de las Rías Baixas gallegas como pescadores de bajura, la documentación notarial pontevedresa del siglo XVI informa de su presencia tanto en Terranova como en el banco de pesca canario. De esta forma se muestran fíeles continuadores de una vocación de relación con el exterior por vía marítima presente desde la Baja Edad Media.

The design of a calorimetric standard of ionising radiation absorbed dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huntley, R.B.

1981-05-01

The design of a calorimetric working standard of ionising radiation absorbed dose is discussed. A brief history of the appropriate quantities and units of measurement is given. Detailed design considerations follow a summary of the relevant literature. The methods to be used to relate results to national standards of measurement are indicated, including the need for various correction factors. A status report is given on the construction and testing program

L'influenza del Giappone sulla moda italiana dal XVI al XX secolo

OpenAIRE

Dimitrio, Laura

2016-01-01

Questa ricerca ha per oggetto lo studio dell’influenza del Giappone sulla moda italiana, dalla metà del XVI alla fine del XX secolo. Le prime notizie sugli abiti giapponesi giunsero in Italia intorno al 1550, dopo che il Giappone era stato ‘scoperto’ nel 1543 da alcuni mercanti portoghesi naufragati sulle sue coste. Tuttavia i primi timidi influssi giapponesi nella moda italiana si manifestarono solo dopo la seconda metà del XVII secolo, quando i nobiluomini italiani cominciarono a indoss...

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia probed by both calorimetric and dynamic hysteresis measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Guibert, Clément; Fresnais, Jérôme; Peyre, Véronique; Dupuis, Vincent

2017-01-01

In this paper, we report an investigation of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) using combined calorimetric and newly implemented dynamic hysteresis measurements for two sets of well characterized size-sorted maghemite nanoparticles (with diameters of about 10 nm and 20 nm) dispersed in water and in glycerol. Our primary goal was to assess the influence of viscosity on the heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles described in terms of specific loss power (SLP or specific absorption rate, SAR) and dynamic hysteresis. In particular, we aimed to investigate how this SLP depends on the transition from Néelian to Brownian behavior of nanoparticles expected to occur between 10 nm and 20 nm (for maghemite) and dependent on the viscosity. While we observed a good agreement between calorimetric and dynamic hysteresis measurements, we found that the SLP measured for the different systems do not depend noticeably on the viscosity of solvent. Calculations performed according to Rosensweig's linear model [1] allow us to quantitatively reproduce our results at low field intensities, provided we use a value for the magnetic anisotropy constant much smaller than the one commonly used in the literature. This raises the question of the temperature dependance of the magnetic anisotropy constant and its relevance for a quantitative description of MFH.

Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, George; Meschel, S. V.; Nash, Philip; Chen, Wei

2017-01-01

The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the energy associated with the reaction to form the compound from its component elements. The standard enthalpy of formation is a fundamental thermodynamic property that determines its phase stability, which can be coupled with other thermodynamic data to calculate phase diagrams. Calorimetry provides the only direct method by which the standard enthalpy of formation is experimentally measured. However, the measurement is often a time and energy intensive process. We present a dataset of enthalpies of formation measured by high-temperature calorimetry. The phases measured in this dataset include intermetallic compounds with transition metal and rare-earth elements, metal borides, metal carbides, and metallic silicides. These measurements were collected from over 50 years of calorimetric experiments. The dataset contains 1,276 entries on experimental enthalpy of formation values and structural information. Most of the entries are for binary compounds but ternary and quaternary compounds are being added as they become available. The dataset also contains predictions of enthalpy of formation from first-principles calculations for comparison. PMID:29064466

Calibration models for high enthalpy calorimetric probes.

Science.gov (United States)

Kannel, A

1978-07-01

The accuracy of gas-aspirated liquid-cooled calorimetric probes used for measuring the enthalpy of high-temperature gas streams is studied. The error in the differential temperature measurements caused by internal and external heat transfer interactions is considered and quantified by mathematical models. The analysis suggests calibration methods for the evaluation of dimensionless heat transfer parameters in the models, which then can give a more accurate value for the enthalpy of the sample. Calibration models for four types of calorimeters are applied to results from the literature and from our own experiments: a circular slit calorimeter developed by the author, single-cooling jacket probe, double-cooling jacket probe, and split-flow cooling jacket probe. The results show that the models are useful for describing and correcting the temperature measurements.

Transport and calorimetric properties of AISI 321 by pulse thermal diffusivity and calorimetric techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perovic, N.L.; Maglic, K.D.; Stanimirovic, A.M.; Vukovic, G.S.

1995-01-01

The study of the thermophysical properties of AISI 321 stainless steel was the last part of work within the IAEA-coordinated Research Programme for the Establishment of a Database of Thermophysical Properties of LW and HW Reactor Materials (IAEA CRP) effected at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca (NIV). The AISI 321 stainless steel belongs to the group of construction materials whose thermophysical and calorimetric properties have significance for the IAEA CRP. Because there have been few investigations of the thermal properties of this material, the CRP foresaw the need for new measurements, which are reported in this paper. Experimental research performed at NIV consisted of the investigation of thermal diffusivity, electric resistivity, and specific heat capacity of this austenitic stainless steel. The thermal diffusivity was measured by the laser pulse technique, and the elastic resistivity and specific heat capacity were determined by use of millisecond-resolution pulse calorimetry. All measurements were performed from ambient temperature to above 1000 o C, within which temperature range the material maintains its structure and stable thermophysical properties. Values for the thermal conductivity were computed from data on the thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and the room-temperature density. (author)

Electrical properties and conduction mechanism of [C2H5NH3]2CuCl4 compound

Science.gov (United States)

Mohamed, C. Ben; Karoui, K.; Jomni, F.; Guidara, K.; Rhaiem, A. Ben

2015-02-01

The [(C2H5)NH3]2CuCl4 compound was prepared and characterized by several technique: the X-ray powder diffraction confirms the purity of the synthetized compound, the differential scanning calorimetric show several phase transitions at 236 K, 330 K, 357 K and 371 K, the dialectical properties confirms the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition at 238 K, which is reported by V. Kapustianyk et al. (2007) [1]. The two semi-circles observed in the complex impedance identify the presence of the grain interior and grain boundary contributions to the electrical response in this material. The equivalent circuit is modeled by a combination series of two parallel RP-CPE circuits. The temperature dependence of the alternative current conductivity (σg) and direct current conductivity (σdc) confirm the observed transitions in the calorimetric study. The (AC) electrical conduction in [(C2H5)NH3]2CuCl4 was studied by two processes that can be attributed to a hopping transport mechanism: the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) model in phase III and the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model in phases I, II, IV, V and VI.

La forma litánica en el teatro. Siglos XVI-XVIII

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José Fradejas

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Al igual que en el teatro griego, como afirma Rodríguez Adrados, existen en el teatro español desde su origen en el s. XV villancicos y canciones, monódicas y corales. Pero tras la discusión de si la Cántica Eya velar es lírica o teatro, no había aparecido ningún texto hasta la segunda mitad del s. XVI, en que en el Códice de autos viejos se incluye la Farsa de los lenguajes, un poema de tipo religioso que incide en la forma litánica:…

Sobre los libros de oro del siglo XVI : notas críticas

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Teodoro Martín Martín

1990-01-01

Full Text Available De sobra es conocido que los Libros de Oro, que aparecen en el siglo XVI en el marco de la renovación pedagógica que introdujo el Humanismo y el Renacimiento, son colecciones de pensamientos, sentencias, máximas y proverbios morales entresacados de las obras de los mejores filósofos estoicos de la Antigüedad Clásica. Sin embargo, poco más es lo que se conoce de ellos fuera del marco de la Historia de la Literatura. Incidentalmente, al ocuparse de la preceptiva de príncipes, algo se ha dicho sobre los textos áureos de la vida, si bien de forma tangencial. Consciente de esta laguna historiográfica voy a redactar las siguientes notas críticas, que no tienen otro objeto más que colaborar en el debate que historiadores, filósofos, pedagogos y literatos han de sostener sobre el tema. Nuestro país aportó al pensamiento educativo del siglo xvi dos figuras señeras: Luis Vives y Pedro Simón Abril. Pero su obra quedó en el plano teórico por cuanto carecieron de capacidad u oportunidad política para implantar sus doctrinas en la sociedad española. Alguna posibilidad tuvo el segundo de los autores citados, pero las mismas se quedaron en forma de memoriales o apuntamientos dirigidos al Rey Felipe II.

Complejidad Organizativa y Desarrollo Contable de los Pósitos en España, Siglos XVI-XIX

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Donato Gómez Díaz

1998-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo estriba en la caracterización como organización empresarial de uno de los instrumentos financieros más importantes en España desde el siglo XVI: los Pósitos. Éstas instituciones locales funcionaron como Bancos de préstamo en simiente durante más de cuatro siglos. La identificación de las diferentes prácticas contables en dichas instituciones nos llevan a analizar el rol de la legislación contable, tanto por la influencia en su supervivencia como por su posterior declive y final desaparición. The aim of this paper is to characterize one o/ the most important financial institutions in the Spanish economy since XVI century. These were the Positos. These local institution functions as banks that gave their loans in seeds. The identification o/ the different accounting practices affords us an opportunity to analyse the role o/ the accounting regulation during its existence, later decline and final disappearance.

LOS arrendadores de la Hacienda de Castilla a comienzos del siglo XVI (1517-1525

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Juan Manuel CARRETERO ZAMORA

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El trabajo pretende profundizar en un aspecto esencial de la Hacienda de Castilla a comienzos del siglo XVI: el arrendamiento de las rentas regias. En este sentido, se insiste en la existencia de un gigantesco negocio financiero en torno a dichas rentas, donde se entremezclan intereses económicos y políticos, dando lugar a la existencia de redes clientelares económicas y grupos de presión políticos. El trabajo, por último, hace hincapié en las primeras decisiones hacendísticas de Carlos I. Decisiones que por lo demás pusieron a su servicio todo un sistema de financiación heredado de los Reyes Católicos.ABSTRACT: The present study examines in detail a vital aspect of Castile's economy at the start of the XVI century: the leasing of royal revenues. It emphasises the existence of a vast financial business based on the leasing of said revenues, within which economic and political interests co-existed, leading to the creation of networks of economic patronage and political pressure groups. Finally, the study highlights Charles I early economic decisions, which served to bring into operation the fiscal system that he had inherited from the Catholic Kings.

Calorimetric study of the intermetallic compounds UAl2 and PuAl2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trainor, R.J.; Brodsky, M.B.; Knapp, G.S.

1975-01-01

Results of low temperature specific heat measurements are presented on the strongly paramagnetic intermetallic compounds UAl 2 and PuAl 2 in the temperature intervals 0.9 to 20 0 K, respectively. These compounds are characterized by very narrow 5f bands near the Fermi energy. The low-temperature properties of UAl 2 and PuAl 2 are dominated by long lived spin fluctuations within these narrow bands. In UAl 2 a nearly field-independent T 3 logT contribution dominates the specific heat below 10 0 K, consistent with the predictions of ferromagnetic spin-fluctuation theory. The specific heat, static susceptibility, and electrical resistivity are mutually consistent with T/sub sf/ = 25 +- 10 0 K, where T/sub sf/ is the characteristic spin-fluctuation temperature of the system. Below 20 0 K, the specific heat of PuAl 2 contains a very large linear term, C greater than or approximately equal to 260T (mJ/mole- 0 K), which is approximately four times the magnitude of the measured susceptibility, when both quantities are expressed in the same units. The specific heat of PuAl 2 exhibits no anomalous behavior below 10 0 K, where a resistivity anomaly has been previously obser []ed. The properties of PuAl 2 are qualitatively discussed in terms of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. (auth)

Remote calorimetric detection of urea via flow injection analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Gaddes, David E; Demirel, Melik C; Reeves, W Brian; Tadigadapa, Srinivas

2015-12-07

The design and development of a calorimetric biosensing system enabling relatively high throughput sample analysis are reported. The calorimetric biosensor system consists of a thin (∼20 μm) micromachined Y-cut quartz crystal resonator (QCR) as a temperature sensor placed in close proximity to a fluidic chamber packed with an immobilized enzyme. Layer by layer enzyme immobilization of urease is demonstrated and its activity as a function of the number of layers, pH, and time has been evaluated. This configuration enables a sensing system where a transducer element is physically separated from the analyte solution of interest and is thereby free from fouling effects typically associated with biochemical reactions occuring on the sensor surface. The performance of this biosensing system is demonstrated by detection of 1-200 mM urea in phosphate buffer via a flow injection analysis (FIA) technique. Miniaturized fluidic systems were used to provide continuous flow through a reaction column. Under this configuration the biosensor has an ultimate resolution of less than 1 mM urea and showed a linear response between 0-50 mM. This work demonstrates a sensing modality in which the sensor itself is not fouled or contaminated by the solution of interest and the enzyme immobilized Kapton® fluidic reaction column can be used as a disposable cartridge. Such a system enables reuse and reliability for long term sampling measurements. Based on this concept a biosensing system is envisioned which can perform rapid measurements to detect biomarkers such as glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, urea and lactate in urine and blood continuously over extended periods of time.

To think modernity/coloniality in Guaraní (XVI-XVIII

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Capucine Boidin

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Amerindian general languages were modern/colonial languages through which modern/colonial guaraní subjects were forged and expressed. Early transcriptions of political speeches in tupí-guaraní made by missionaries (XVI-XVII centuries, as well as letters written by indigenous mission authorities (XVIII-XIX centuries, allow for analysing their vocabularies, plots, and styles. Although the words are the same, their significance effects and their translation equivalences varied regarding texts and contexts. Even if arguments (ratio changed, several traditional verbal arts (oratio were reinvented in colonial contexts. Within missions, indigenous political authorities, familiarized with catholic and royal arguments and vocabularies, developed their oral and written eloquence in Cabildos (spaces dedicated to politics, while Jesuits incorporated some of the formal tupí-guaraní verbal arts features in their sermons.

78 FR 9987 - Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-12

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SSA-2012-0071] Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations of Unfairness, Prejudice, Partiality, Bias, Misconduct, or Discrimination by Administrative Law Judges (ALJs); Correction AGENCY: Social Security...

78 FR 22361 - Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-15

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SSA-2012-0071] Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations of Unfairness, Prejudice, Partiality, Bias, Misconduct, or Discrimination by Administrative Law Judges (ALJs); Correction AGENCY: Social Security...

Natalidad, nupcialidad y fecundidad en Mérida durante el siglo XVI

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José Antonio Ballesteros Díez

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es un estudio demográfico de Mérida durante el siglo XVI, que ha sido realizado a partir de las actas de bautismo, confirmación y matrimonio, por el procedimiento de la agrupación de familias, o método francés, analizando la natalidad con detalle de partos simples y dobles, las concepciones, las distribuciones temporales y sus tendencias, se fia determinado en número de familias y sus composiciones, obteniendo el coeficiente para la transformación de vecinos cabezas de familia en fiabitantes, tanto el general de la ciudad como los correspondientes a las comunidades cristiana y morisca; se tian determinado las edades de acceso al matrimonio, los intervalos genésicos en las mujeres, los estados prenupciales, la distribución temporal de la nupcialidad y los grupos de ilegítimos, expósitos, esclavos y moriscos.This is a demographic study of Mérida (a town of Castilla, Spain during the XVI century, from fhe baptism, confirmation and marriages registers, according to the process of the association of families by analysing the natality in detall of simple and double childbirths, and the concepcions, the temporal distributions and their tendencies; with the determination of the number of families and their composition, by obtaining the coeffcient in order to transform the neighbours into inhabitants. Both the general one of the town and the one wich belongs to the christian and moorish communities; the age of acces to marriage, genesis inervals in women, prenuptial states, temporal distribution of nupcitiality, ilegitimate groves, abandoned people, slaves and moorishes have been determined.

Liquid-gas and solid-liquid interface: thermodynamics of capillary condensation application to a prosimetry by calorimetric measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Derrien, Francois; Hartmanshenn, Olivier.

1978-01-01

A direct determination of the pore radii distribution is proposed using calorimetric measurements during condensation and evacuation of pores by capillary condensate. This method is independant of any gravimetric or volumetric measurement of adsorption

Calorimetric Thermoelectric Gas Sensor for the Detection of Hydrogen, Methane and Mixed Gases

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Nam-Hee Park

2014-05-01

Full Text Available A novel miniaturized calorimeter-type sensor device with a dual-catalyst structure was fabricated by integrating different catalysts on the hot (Pd/θ-Al2O3 and cold (Pt/α-Al2O3 ends of the device. The device comprises a calorimeter with a thermoelectric gas sensor (calorimetric-TGS, combining catalytic combustion and thermoelectric technologies. Its response for a model fuel gas of hydrogen and methane was investigated with various combustor catalyst compositions. The calorimetric-TGS devices detected H2, CH4, and a mixture of the two with concentrations ranging between 200 and 2000 ppm at temperatures of 100–400 °C, in terms of the calorie content of the gases. It was necessary to reduce the much higher response voltage of the TGS to H2 compared to CH4. We enhanced the H2 combustion on the cold side so that the temperature differences and response voltages to H2 were reduced. The device response to H2 combustion was reduced by 50% by controlling the Pt concentration in the Pt/α-Al2O3 catalyst on the cold side to 3 wt%.

Electrical and calorimetric measurements and related software

CERN Document Server

Catalan-Lasheras, N; Koratzinos, M; Rijllart, A; Siemko, A; Strait, J; Tavian, L; Wolf, R

2009-01-01

During the incident of sector 3-4 on September 19th, the temperature of a number of magnets increased over the expected values prior to the circuit failure. A review of the data logged during powering tests on all circuits indicated potential resistive splices in sectors 1-2 and 6-7. Calorimetric and electrical measurements confirmed a high resistance in magnet B16. R1 and B32R6. Systematic measurements have been performed in other cold sectors of the LHC during which the temperature increase and voltage across magnets were acquired at different currents. Cryogenic subsectors on which the temperature increase was abnormal were equipped with precise voltmeters to detect eventual resistive splices in the bus-bars. The findings of the measurement campaign will be shown as well as the plans to implement similar diagnostics as a routine check prior to powering the superconducting circuits of the LHC.

A calorimetric particle detector using an iridium superconducting phase transition thermometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frank, M.; Dummer, D.; Cooper, S.; Igalson, J.; Proebst, F.; Seidel, W.

1994-01-01

We report on a calorimetric particles detector consisting of an 18.3 g silicon crystal and an iridium superconducting phase transition thermometer. The cryogenic calorimeter and the associated apparatus are described in detail. The pulses from irradiation with an α-particle source have a large unexpected overshoot in addition to the component expected from a naive thermal model. The pulse height spectrum displays an energy resolution of 1 percent FWHM at 6 MeV and good linearity. The noise, electrothermal feedback, and position dependence are discussed. (orig.)

Electrostatic probe and calorimetric measurements in a DC cathodic arc

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lepone, Alejandro; Marquez, Adriana; Kelly, Hector; Grondona, Diana

2001-01-01

Several results obtained from measurements with spherical Langmuir probes and a calorimetric technique in a dc cathodic arc are presented. The arc is operated at a current level of 100 A, with a Copper cathode, and with Oxygen gas at a pressure in the range 0.005 divide 0.2 mbar. The measurements were performed at different axial positions in the discharge chamber. It is found that the electron temperature decreases for larger axial positions or higher pressures, but the derivation of reliable values for the ion density and kinetic energy require the consideration of atomic processes between the plasma and gas particles

Histoire d’un non-objet historiographique : le cas Louis xvi

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Aurore Chery

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Bien que la Révolution française ait suscité l’intérêt des chercheurs du monde entier, Louis xvi fait figure de parent pauvre des études universitaires. Même si c’est à son corps défendant, il en est tout de même l’un des principaux protagonistes et la Révolution s’est aussi construite en interrogeant le rôle et la place du roi. Cette situation a eu pour conséquence de conserver vivace la légende dorée que le roi s’est construite en exerçant un contrôle sur son image dès le début de son règne. Elle l’assimile à un nouvel Henri iv, profondément concerné par les maux de ses sujets. Malgré les attaques de la Révolution, cette image continue à exercer une influence considérable sur les biographes de Louis xvi et les historiens de la Révolution.Si la Restauration en a fait un usage sans surprise, elle a, de manière plus étonnante, séduit jusqu’à Jaurès avant de souffrir du discrédit dans lequel sombre le royalisme en choisissant l’antisémitisme au xxe siècle. Néanmoins, c’est aujourd’hui par le détour de l’historiographie anglo-saxonne qu’elle fait sa réapparition et commence seulement à être questionnée.Although the French Revolution has aroused interest of international researchers, Louis xvi is widely neglected by the academic studies. Even if reluctantly, he is yet one of the main protagonists and it is also by questioning the role and the place of the king that the Revolution took its shape.This led to the consequence that the golden legend the king constructed by controlling his image from the beginning of his reign is still very lively today. In it, he is presented as a new Henri iv, deeply concerned by the misfortunes of his subjects. In spite of the attacks of the Revolution, this image still considerably influences Louis xvi’s biographers and the historians of the Revolution.If the Restoration made a not surprising good use of it, it more astonishingly seduced Jaur

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia probed by both calorimetric and dynamic hysteresis measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guibert, Clément; Fresnais, Jérôme; Peyre, Véronique; Dupuis, Vincent, E-mail: vincent.dupuis@upmc.fr

2017-01-01

In this paper, we report an investigation of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) using combined calorimetric and newly implemented dynamic hysteresis measurements for two sets of well characterized size-sorted maghemite nanoparticles (with diameters of about 10 nm and 20 nm) dispersed in water and in glycerol. Our primary goal was to assess the influence of viscosity on the heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles described in terms of specific loss power (SLP or specific absorption rate, SAR) and dynamic hysteresis. In particular, we aimed to investigate how this SLP depends on the transition from Néelian to Brownian behavior of nanoparticles expected to occur between 10 nm and 20 nm (for maghemite) and dependent on the viscosity. While we observed a good agreement between calorimetric and dynamic hysteresis measurements, we found that the SLP measured for the different systems do not depend noticeably on the viscosity of solvent. Calculations performed according to Rosensweig's linear model [1] allow us to quantitatively reproduce our results at low field intensities, provided we use a value for the magnetic anisotropy constant much smaller than the one commonly used in the literature. This raises the question of the temperature dependance of the magnetic anisotropy constant and its relevance for a quantitative description of MFH. - Highlights: • Dynamic hysteresis measurements are a promising tool to study magnetic hyperthermia. • Dynamic hysteresis cycles can be reproduced using a simple model. • The effect of viscosity on hyperthermia of maghemite is weaker than expected.

Determination of formation enthalpies of incongruently fusing compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kesler, Ya.A.; Cheshnitskij, S.M.; Fotiev, A.A.; Tret' yakov, Yu.D.

1985-04-01

Using the method of drop-calorimetry i.e. drop into the calorimeter cell being at the specified temperature of the specimen thermostated at 298 K, for studying reactions of peritectic decomposition of compounds for determining their formation enthalpies is considered. The measurements have been performed at 973 K using high temperature double microcalorimeter. The values ..delta..H/sub 1/=(367.0 +- 2.8) kJ/mol and ..delta..H/sub 2/=)343.9 +- 3.1) kJ/mol are obtained as a result of two series of measurements (6 experiments in each). The advantage of the described technique consists in the fact that the value of enthalpy of compound formation is obtained as a result of direct calorimetric measurements while in the e.m.f. method this value is determined as a coefficient in the Gibbs energy temperature dependence. The method is simple and does not require much time (one measurement takes 30-40 min).

Determination of formation enthalpies of incongruently fusing compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kesler, Ya.A.; Cheshnitskij, S.M.; Fotiev, A.A.; Tret'yakov, Yu.D.

1985-01-01

Using the method of drop-calorimetry i.e. drop into the calorimeter cell being at the specified temperature of the specimen thermostated at 298 K, for studying reactions of peritectic decomposition of compounds for determining their formation enthalpies is considered. The measurements have been performed at 973 K using high temperature double microcalorimeter. The values ΔH 1 =(367.0+-2.8) kJ/mol and ΔH 2 =)343.9+-3.1) kJ/mol are obtained as a result of two series of measurements (6 experiments in each). The advantage of the described technique consists in the fact that the value of enthalpy of compound formation is obtained as a result of direct calorimetric measurements while in the e.m.f. method this value is determined as a coefficient in the Gibbs energy temperature dependence. The method is simple and does not require much time (one measurement takes 30-40 min)

78 FR 8217 - Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-05

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SSA-2012-0071] Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations of Unfairness, Prejudice, Partiality, Bias... the third column, the fourth line under the ``Summary'' heading, change ``SSR-13-Xp'' to ``SSR-13-1p...

Municipio y mercado en el Aragón Moderno : el abasto de pescado en Zaragoza (siglos XVI-XVII

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José Antonio Mateos Royo

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio relativo a la política desarrollada por el Concejo de Zaragoza sobre el comercio de pescado durante los siglos XVI y XVII. La prosperidad económica de la ciudad y del municipio permitieron crear durante el siglo xvi condiciones favorables para asegurar a los habitantes de Zaragoza un suministro suficiente a un precio asequible. Sin embargo, el declive económico y el creciente endeudamiento municipal forzarán durante el siglo xvii a aumentar los impuestos sobre las transacciones y reducir la protección al consumidor.This paper studies municipal politics carried out by the Zaragoza city council concerning the first trade during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Economic prosperity in the city and council allowed to create during the sixteenth century favourable conditions in order to get a sufficient supply and a reasonable price for the population. However, economic decline and raising municipal indebtedness during the seventeenth century led to an increase of market taxation and a reduction of consumers' protection.

Estudiantes y profesores españoles en universidades extranjeras. Siglos XII-XVI

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Bernabé BARTOLOMÉ MARTÍNEZ

2010-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Dentro de la línea histórico-comparada de este número de la revista, este trabajo pretende ser una elaboración de síntesis. Es un intento de encontrar unidad a algunas investigaciones dispersas que se van publicando sobre el tema. Los cartularios que existen de algunas universidades extranjeras son insuficientes y los libros de registros de estudiantes o de grados no nos han llegado apenas desde las alturas de aquellos siglos xn-xvi. Sin embargo una intensa indagación en los archivos municipales y catedralicios podría arrojar, para este caso, los datos suficientes.

Calorimetric investigation of an yttrium-dysprosium spin glass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wenger, L.E.

1978-01-01

In an effort to compare the spin glass characteristics of yttrium--rare earth alloys with those of the noble-metal spin glasses, the susceptibility and heat capacity of Y/sub 0.98/Dy/sub 0.02/ have been measured in the temperature range 2.5--40 K. The low-field ac susceptibility measurement shows the characteristic cusp-like peak at 7.64 K. The magnetic specific heat of the same sample shows a peak at 7.0 K and may be qualitatively described as a semi-cusp. The magnetic entropy change from absolute zero to 7 K is approximately 0.52 of cR ln(2J+1). These results are qualitatively different than previous calorimetric results on the archetypal spin glasses, AuFe and CuMn, where rounded maxima are observed at temperatures above the spin glass transition temperatures

Calorimetric method of ac loss measurement in a rotating magnetic field

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghoshal, P. K. [Oxford Instruments NanoScience, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 5QX (United Kingdom); Coombs, T. A.; Campbell, A. M. [Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA (United Kingdom)

2010-07-15

A method is described for calorimetric ac-loss measurements of high-T{sub c} superconductors (HTS) at 80 K. It is based on a technique used at 4.2 K for conventional superconducting wires that allows an easy loss measurement in parallel or perpendicular external field orientation. This paper focuses on ac loss measurement setup and calibration in a rotating magnetic field. This experimental setup is to demonstrate measuring loss using a temperature rise method under the influence of a rotating magnetic field. The slight temperature increase of the sample in an ac-field is used as a measure of losses. The aim is to simulate the loss in rotating machines using HTS. This is a unique technique to measure total ac loss in HTS at power frequencies. The sample is mounted on to a cold finger extended from a liquid nitrogen heat exchanger (HEX). The thermal insulation between the HEX and sample is provided by a material of low thermal conductivity, and low eddy current heating sample holder in vacuum vessel. A temperature sensor and noninductive heater have been incorporated in the sample holder allowing a rapid sample change. The main part of the data is obtained in the calorimetric measurement is used for calibration. The focus is on the accuracy and calibrations required to predict the actual ac losses in HTS. This setup has the advantage of being able to measure the total ac loss under the influence of a continuous moving field as experienced by any rotating machines.

Nitrite and nitroso compounds can serve as specific catalase inhibitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Titov, Vladimir Yu; Osipov, Anatoly N

2017-03-01

We present evidence that nitrite and nitrosothiols, nitrosoamines and non-heme dinitrosyl iron complexes can reversibly inhibit catalase with equal effectiveness. Catalase activity was evaluated by the permanganatometric and calorimetric assays. This inhibition is not the result of chemical transformations of these compounds to a single inhibitor, as well as it is not the result of NO release from these substances (as NO traps have no effect on the extent of inhibition). It was found that chloride and bromide in concentration above 80 mM and thiocyanate in concentration above 20 μM enhance catalase inhibition by nitrite and the nitroso compounds more than 100 times. The inhibition degree in this case is comparable with that induced by azide. We propose that the direct catalase inhibitor is a positively charged NO-group. This group acquires a positive charge in the active center of enzyme by interaction of nitrite or nitroso compounds with some enzyme groups. Halides and thiocyanate protect the NO + group from hydration and thus increase its inhibition effect. It is probable that a comparatively low chloride concentration in many cells is the main factor to protect catalase from inhibition by nitrite and nitroso compounds.

Algunos dibujos de la primera arquitectura de Nueva España: mapas, planos y proyectos de arquitectura del siglo XVI

OpenAIRE

Moya Olmedo, Pilar

2014-01-01

Moya Olmedo, P. (2014). Algunos dibujos de la primera arquitectura de Nueva España: mapas, planos y proyectos de arquitectura del siglo XVI. P+C: proyecto y ciudad: revista de temas de arquitectura (5), 75-88. ISSN 2172-9220 (ISOC; LATINDEX; DIALNET; RESH; DICE; MIAR)

Community Organization of Siberian Coachmen in Late XVI – XVII Centuries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oleg V. Semenov

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The article, basing on the wide range of archival data, mostly introduced into scientific use for the first time, studies communal (secular and church organization of Siberian coachmen in late XVI – XVII centuries. The paper touches upon the issue, concerning the time of its establishment, thoroughly characterizes the structure, functions and officials. The features of interrelation between coachmen ‘world’ and state and other corporate communities of the region are showed. The conclusion that, despite the dependence on the authorities, the processes of bureaucratization and the growth of the villeinage trends, common for the country, coachmen played significant role in the social life of Siberia is made. They intensively protected their interests and forced the government to consider them.

Lizardo Seiner Lizarrága. Estudios de Historia Medioambiental. Perú, siglos XVI-XX

OpenAIRE

O'Phelan Godoy, Scarlett

2014-01-01

El libro de Lizardo Seiner Lizárraga, Estudios de historia medioambiental. Perú, siglos XVI-XX explora una temática que hasta hace poco era solo marginalmente tratada dentro de la perspectiva histórica. Indagar sobre la historia del medio ambiente en la larga duración es, por lo tanto, un mérito incuestionable del trabajo realizado por Seiner. El libro en cuestión abre con un ensayo sobre el tema de los desastres naturales y su impacto sobre el medio ambiente. Así, haciendo uso de fuentes pri...

Calorimetric signature of structural heterogeneity in a ternary silicate glass

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Yanfei; Yang, G.; Yue, Yuanzheng

2013-01-01

We investigate the structural heterogeneity in a silicate glass by hyperquenching–annealing–calorimetry approach. The results show a striking phenomenon: two separated sub-Tg relaxation peaks appear on the calorimetric curve of the hyperquenched CaO–MgO–SiO2 glass, implying the existence of two...... distinct structural domains of higher and lower potential energies, respectively. The higher energy domains in nanoscale are so unstable that they become ordered during hyperquenching. This is verified by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image exhibiting nanoordered domains in the glass...... matrix. The higher energy domains relax similar to a strong glass phase, whereas the lower energy domains do similar to a fragile one....

Vapour pressures of selected organic compounds down to 1 mPa, using mass-loss Knudsen effusion method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonseca, José M.S.; Gushterov, Nikola; Dohrn, Ralf

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • A recently described mass-loss Knudsen apparatus was used for measurements of vapour pressures down to around 1 mPa. • Complementary calorimetric studies were performed in a Calvet-type calorimeter. • New vapour pressures are given for benzoic acid and benzanthrone, in ranges in which no consistent data existed. • Vapour pressures for solid n-octadecane are presented, correcting existing values from literature. - Abstract: A recently developed Knudsen effusion apparatus was improved and used for measurements of vapour pressures of selected organic compounds. Calorimetric studies were conducted using a Calvet-type calorimeter, complementing the information obtained for the vapour pressures and facilitating the modelling and analysis of the data. Vapour pressures of benzoic acid, a reference substance, were determined at temperatures between 269 K and 317 K, corresponding to a pressure range from 2 mPa to 1 Pa, extending the range of results available in the literature to lower pressures. Benzanthrone was studied between temperatures 360 K and 410 K (5 mPa–1 Pa) in order to test the apparatus at higher temperatures. Values presented in the literature for the vapour pressure of solid n-octadecane, one of the most promising compounds to be used as “phase change material” for textile applications, were found inconsistent with the triple point of the substance. Sublimation pressures were measured for this compound between T = 286 K and 298 K (2–20 mPa) allowing the correction of the existing values. Finally, vapour pressures of diphenyl carbonate, a compound of high industrial relevance for its use in the production of polycarbonates, were determined from T = 302 K to 332 K (0.02–1 Pa)

Una cançó de refrany i cobles glossadores del segle XVI basada en la frase "Mal aja qui en dones fia"

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Josep Romeu i Figueras

2015-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper the author studies the origin, spread and connotations of a misogyny proverb picked up from a xvi century refrain that circulated in Valencia and Catalonia as a symbiosis of popular tradition and Renaissance flavour.

Reflexiones en torno a una conciliación: arquitectura en el territorio peruano en el siglo XVI

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Martha Barriga Tello

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Ante la experiencia con el patrimonio arquitectónico peruano en el sigloXVI, la administración española enfrentó dificultades con las quedebió competir con ventaja. Algunos aspectos de nuestra arquitecturareligiosa coincidían con sus tradiciones, pero otras de manera ninguna;finalmente hubo consenso. Este artículo es una reflexión acerca de lasmotivaciones y las consecuencias de este resultado.

The calorimetric spectrum of the electron-capture decay of $^{163}$Ho. A preliminary analysis of the preliminary data

CERN Document Server

De Rújula, A.

2015-01-01

It is in principle possible to measure directly the electron neutrino mass (or masses and mixing angles) in weak electron-capture decays. The optimal nuclide in this respect is $^{163}$Ho. The favoured experimental technique, currently pursued in various experiments (ECHo, HOLMES and NuMECS) is "calorimetric". The calorimetric energy spectrum is a sum over the unstable vacant orbitals, or "holes", left by the electrons weakly captured by the nucleus. We discuss the current progress in this field and analize the preliminary data. Our conclusion is that, as pointed out by Robertson, the contribution of two-hole states is not negligible. But --in strong contradistinction with the tacit conclusion of previous comparisons of theory and observations-- we find a quite satisfactory agreement. A crucial point is that, in the creation of secondary holes, electron shakeoff and not only electron shakeup must be taken into account.

Long-term measurement with calorimetric probes at unit 1 of V-1 nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erben, O.; Szasz, Z.; Jirousek, V.; Teren, S.

1989-01-01

Two calorimetric probes were tested at the first unit of the Bohunice V-1 nuclear power plant in long-term operation, i.e., during one whole reactor duty time. Each probe consisted of five fission calorimeters and one compensation calorimeter with a tungsten body. The actual calorimeters were provided with jacketed thermocouples 0.5 mm indiameter and 19 m in length. A detailed description is presented of the measuring chains and measurement techniques. Also described is the method of the disposal of the irradiated probes. The method is presented of the evaluation of measured data and the results are discussed of the analysis of these data. The measurements, including measurements during reactor shut-down and the results of the analysis of the measured data proved good viability and stability of the used calorimetres. The method of measuring the thermocouple signals is simple and the in-service evaluation of required data is quick. In order to increase measurement efficiency it would be appropriate to complete the measuring chain and to automate it. Reliability is a affected merely by protecting the thermocouples against mechanical damage during measurement probe handling and on the reactor. (Z.M.). 5 figs., 5 tabs., 5 refs

Thermal power calibrations of the IPR-R1 TRIGA reactor by the calorimetric and the heat balance methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mesquita, Amir Zacarias; Rezende, Hugo Cesar; Souza, Rose Mary Gomes do Prado

2009-01-01

Since the first nuclear reactor was built, a number of methodological variations have been evolved for the calibration of the reactor thermal power. Power monitoring of reactors is done by means of neutronic instruments, but its calibration is always done by thermal procedures. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the thermal power calibration carried out on March 5th, 2009 in the IPR-R1 TRIGA reactor. It was used two procedures: the calorimetric and heat balance methods. The calorimetric procedure was done with the reactor operating at a constant power, with primary cooling system switched off. The rate of temperature rise of the water was recorded. The reactor power is calculate as a function of the temperature-rise rate and the system heat capacity constant. The heat balance procedure consists in the steady-state energy balance of the primary cooling loop of the reactor. For this balance, the inlet and outlet temperatures and the water flow in the primary cooling loop were measured. The heat transferred through the primary loop was added to the heat leakage from the reactor pool. The calorimetric method calibration presented a large uncertainty. The main source of error was the determination of the heat content of the system, due to a large uncertainty in the volume of the water in the system and a lack of homogenization of the water temperature. The heat balance calibration in the primary loop is the standard procedure for calibrating the power of the IPR-R1 TRIGA nuclear reactor. (author))

Vibrational, calorimetric and nonlinear optical studies of melaminium-bis(trichloroacetate) monohydrate molecular ionic crystal

Science.gov (United States)

Debrus, S.; Marchewka, M. K.; Drozd, M.; Ratajczak, H.

2007-04-01

The efficiency of second harmonic generation for melaminium bis(trichloroacetate) was estimated relatively to KDP: deff = 3.09 deff (KDP). Room temperature FT IR and FT Raman spectra were recorded. Some spectral features of this new crystal are referred to corresponding one for melamine crystal as well as for other trichloroacetates. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements performed on powder sample indicate the phase transition point at approximately 276 and 239 K for heating and cooling, respectively.

Particle Beam Tests of the Calorimetric Electron Telescope

CERN Document Server

Tamura, Tadahisa

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a new mission addressing outstanding astrophysics questions including the nature of dark matter, the sources of high-energy particles and photons, and the details of particle acceleration and transport in the galaxy by measuring the high-energy spectra of electrons, nuclei, and gamma-rays. It will launch on HTV-5 (H-II Transfer Vehicle 5) in 2014 for installation on the Japanese Experiment Module–Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) of the International Space Station. The CALET collaboration is led by JAXA and includes researchers from Japan, the U.S. and Italy. The CALET Main Telescope uses a plastic scintillator charge detector followed by a 30 radiation-length (X0) deep particle calorimeter divided into a 3 X0 imaging calorimeter, with scintillating optical fibers interleaved with thin tungsten sheets, and a 27 X0 fully-active total-absorption calorimeter made of lead tungstate scintillators. CALET prototypes were tested at the CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Ph...

Calorimetric systems designed for in-field nondestructive assay of plutonium-bearing materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roche, C.T.; Perry, R.B.; Lewis, R.N.; Jung, E.A.; Haumann, J.R.

1978-01-01

Conventional calorimetric design measures the temperature rise of a plutonium-containing sample chamber in contact with a large water-bath heat sink. This design lacks the mobility needed by inspection personnel. The Argonne National Laboratory air-chamber isothermal calorimeters are low-thermal capacitance devices which eliminate the need for large, constant-temperature heat sinks. A bulk calorimeter designed to measure sealed containers holding up to 3 kg Pu, and a small-sample calorimeter designed to measure mixed-oxide fuel pellets and powders are discussed. The operational characteristics of these instruments are described, and the results of sample assays are presented

Évora, Algumas Etapas Fundamentais na Evolução da Cidade até ao Século XVI

OpenAIRE

Simplício, Maria

2006-01-01

O presente artigo pretende sistematizar as etapas fundamentais da evolução urbana da cidade de Évora desde a sua fundação, em época pré-romana, até ao século XVI, durante o qual a cidade alcançou a sua época de maior riqueza e importância política, económica, cultural e artística.

XVI. Yüzyıl Türkiyesi’nde Ahi Adlı Zaviyelerin Dağılışı The Distrubution Of Akhi Lodges in XVI. Century Turkey

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İlker YİĞİT

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Akhism, is an organization which has political, social andeconomic aspects, has been encountered the traces since XIII. Centuryin Turkey. Akhism has quite different perspectives (in terms of itsorigin, its socio-economic and social impacts, etc. and has subjected toseveral studies. Akhism may be perceived as an artisan organization,however; it is an important organization that has undertaken crucialactive roles in such as the execution of Turkization of Anatolia, openingsettlements from the desolate places and establishment of newresidential units. Indeed, (Ahi's settlements provide evidence for thissituation in XVI. century,especially by giving their names toneighbourhoods in urban areas; and to the villages, hamlets, farmsand uplands in rural areas. Akhi lodges are the venues in which theAkhi maintain their effectiveness in rural and urban areas. The Akhidervish lodges, the social organization (association created by thetradesmen and artisans together in order to provide mystical solidaritybetween the members of that culture, are the establishment which givedirections to social and economic life in the erea. The Akhi dervishlodges are one of the cultural centers in terms of both offering a widetraining services where there is no madrasa instiutution and alsohosting shelters where people come from outsides of villages or cities.The Akhi lodges provide the formation of inhabited by having animportant role in the establishment and development of the settlementsin cities and rural areas. Therefore, this study includes Akhism lodges,which have conducted their effectiveness in both urban and rural areas,and covers the distribution of XVI. century Turkey Akhism lodges.Akhi lodges, which can be encountered in almost every part of Anatolia,are deeply affecting institutions with their activities and events, haveundertaken active roles in that period of social, political and economiclife of Anatolia since Turkization of Anatolia. It is quite crucial in

Il fenomeno abachistico a supporto dei cambiamenti socio-economici: Arezzo tra il XIII ed il XVI secolo = The role of the abacus tradition for the economic and social development of the society: evidence from Tuscany (Italy between XIII and XVI century

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Maria Pia Maraghini

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo indaga sobre los orígenes de la contabilidad con el objetivo de analizar el comportamiento económico. En particular, se examinan los primeros lugares específica-mente dispuestos y organizados para la enseñanza del conocimiento contable así como los medios de estudio para su transmisión: las escuelas y los libros de ábaco. Ampliamente extendidos en Italia entre los siglos XIII y XVI tenían la finalidad de transmitir, por un lado, el conocimiento generalmente difundido como matemática práctica y, por otro, las técnicas para realizar operaciones aritméticas y las reglas prácticas para la resolución de problemas comerciales y financieros.El objetivo de esta investigación es profundizar en el estudio de las escuelas y de los libros de ábaco evidenciando el papel desempeñado en el origen de la contabilidad y en el desarrollo económico y social en la época medieval y los primeros siglos del Renacimiento.Con este fin, el estudio se basa en algunas evidencias sobre la evolución de los estudios y las escuelas de ábaco en Arezzo (Toscana, Italia entre los siglos XIII y XVI. Combinando evidencias similares con el análisis teórico el estudio revela la contribución de la tradición del ábaco en el mejor desarrollo de la vida pública en época medieval y renacentista. La constatación de esta contribución ha sido la base del creciente interés mostrado hacia la cultura del ábaco por las autoridades locales de la época.This paper focuses on the “origins” of the book-keeping art which aims to record economic behaviour. In particular, this research investigates the early specific “places” arranged and organized to teach the accounting knowledge and the primitive “means” of study with which it could be handed over: the abacus schools and books. They prevalently spread in Italy between XIII and XVI century with the aim of transferring the knowledge generally defined as “practical maths”, such as the

PIXE analysis of Italian ink drawings of the XVI century

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zucchiatti, A.; Climent-Font, A.; Enguita, O.; Fernandez-Jimenez, M.T.; Finaldi, G.; Garrido, C.; Matillas, J.M.

2005-01-01

The composition of inks in a group of 24 drawings of ten XVI century Italian painters, has been determined by PIXE at the external micro-beam line of the Centro de Micro Analisis de Materiales of the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Ink elemental thicknesses have been determined by comparison with a set of certified thin standards. A comprehensive comparison of inks has also been performed by renormalisation of spectra and definition of an ink-to-ink distance. The elemental compositions and the ink-to-ink distances give consistent results that are generally in line with the appearance of the drawings and add relevant instrumental information to the stylistic observation, revealing for example the presence of retouches and additions in different parts of a drawing. Cluster analysis performed on a subgroup of 13 artefacts from the Genoese painter Luca Cambiaso and his school has revealed a partition that separates neatly the work of the master from that of his followers

PIXE analysis of Italian ink drawings of the XVI century

Science.gov (United States)

Zucchiatti, A.; Climent-Font, A.; Enguita, O.; Fernandez-Jimenez, M. T.; Finaldi, G.; Garrido, C.; Matillas, J. M.

2005-10-01

The composition of inks in a group of 24 drawings of ten XVI century Italian painters, has been determined by PIXE at the external micro-beam line of the Centro de Micro Análisis de Materiales of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ink elemental thicknesses have been determined by comparison with a set of certified thin standards. A comprehensive comparison of inks has also been performed by renormalisation of spectra and definition of an ink-to-ink distance. The elemental compositions and the ink-to-ink distances give consistent results that are generally in line with the appearance of the drawings and add relevant instrumental information to the stylistic observation, revealing for example the presence of retouches and additions in different parts of a drawing. Cluster analysis performed on a subgroup of 13 artefacts from the Genoese painter Luca Cambiaso and his school has revealed a partition that separates neatly the work of the master from that of his followers.

The application of calorimetrical methods in nuclear technology and dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kott, J.; Krett, V.; Novotny, J.; Kovar, Z.; Jirousek, V.

1985-01-01

The report reviews theoretical as well as experimental research activities devoted to the possibilities of measuring reactor neutron and photon fields using thermic detectors based on calorimetric principle. There have been worked out theoretical principles of a reactor measuring probe intended in the first place to measuring neutron fluxes under operational temperatures inside power and research reactors, and a new philosophy of measurement has been elaborated. In addition, the report presents the experimental results as obtained on research reactors WWR-S, WWR-SM, RA, and Czechoslovak power reactor A-1 and GDR power reactor WWR-2. These results are given in connection with a newly proposed technique of reactor neutron field detection. The second part of the report presents results of works concerning beam dosimetry with the use of calorimeters

La educación para la paz: Una asignatura pendiente. Las aportaciones de Benedicto XVI

OpenAIRE

Antonio Alonso; Carlos Corral

2012-01-01

El mensaje de Benedicto XVI para la XLV Jornada Mundial de la Paz, titulado "Educar a los jóvenes en la justicia y la paz", ha puesto sobre la mesa la pregunta de si es posible evitar las guerras y cuáles serían los instrumentos más eficaces para ello. Uno de los principales pilares que ayudan a sostener la estabilidad del sistema internacional es la educación, entendida, por un lado, como un proceso por el cual se van adquiriendo conocimientos y destrezas para el desempeño de las funciones p...

Antecedentes históricos del arte de nadar en España (siglo XVI-1807)

OpenAIRE

Torrebadella i Flix, Xavier

2015-01-01

A partir de las primeros tratados que durante el siglo XVI recuperan en Europa la natación como ejercicio higiénico y gimnástico, en el caso concreto de España, revisamos las diferentes aportaciones bibliográficas y las noticias aparecidas en la prensa que se ocuparon del “arte de nadar” hasta principios del siglo XIX. Con ello se pretende colaborar, a través de las fuentes documentales primarias, a (re)construir los primeros pasos y antecedentes de la natación en España. De la inspección y h...

Cartagena de indias en la historia de la lucha por la justicia en el siglo XVI

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José María Arévalo

1963-04-01

Full Text Available A juzgar por los libros y opúsculos que en Colombia se publican creemos que es bastante lo que hay que hacer para llevar a nuestros historiadores al convencimiento de que mucho antes de 1810 ya habían sonado voces de libertad en nuestra patria; que la dignidad humana y los derechos de los naturales ya habían sido públicamente defendidos y no por abogados cualesquiera sino por los más calificados teólogos que tuvo la Iglesia en el siglo XVI.

Racismo/sexismo epistémico, universidades occidentalizadas y los cuatro genocidios/ epistemicidios del largo siglo XVI

OpenAIRE

RAMÓN GROSFOGUEL

2013-01-01

Este artículo analiza el racismo/sexismo epistémico fundacional a las estructuras de conocimiento de la universidad occidentalizada. El artículo plantea que el privilegio epistémico del hombre occidental en las estructuras de conocimiento de las universidades occidentalizadas es el resultado de cuatro genocidios/epistemicidios en el largo siglo XVI (contra la población de origen judío y musulmán en la conquista de Al-Andalus, contra los pueblos indígenas en la conquista del continente america...

Racismo/sexismo epistémico, universidades occidentalizadas y los cuatro genocidios/epistemicidios del largo siglo XVI

OpenAIRE

Grosfoguel, Ramón

2013-01-01

Resumen Este artículo analiza el racismo/sexismo epistémico fundacional a las estructuras de conocimiento de la universidad occidentalizada. El artículo plantea que el privilegio epistémico del hombre occidental en las estructuras de conocimiento de las universidades occidentalizadas es el resultado de cuatro genocidios/epistemicidios en el largo siglo XVI (contra la población de origen judío y musulmán en la conquista de Al-Andalus, contra los pueblos indígenas en la conquista del continente...

Un problema médico y terminológico (sífilis en el siglo XVI)

OpenAIRE

Pérez Ibáñez, María Jesús

2009-01-01

En el umbral del siglo XVI, muy poco antes de finalizar la centuria anterior, se describe una afección hasta entonces, parece, desconocida, de síntomas alarmantes y graves consecuencias. En contra de lo esperado y deseado no parece haber literatura médica sobre ella, las auctoritates no se pronunciaron a este respecto y nada dejaron apuntado sobre cómo tratarla. Como en otros casos a lo largo de este período los hombres del momento, en este caso los médicos, deben afrontar un reto importante ...

Las dehesas maestrales de La Serena (siglos XV-XVI: cartografía de un paisaje social

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Clemente Quijada, Luis Vicente

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In this article a cartography of the mastership dehesas of the military order of Alcantara in La Serena (Badajoz in the 15th and 18th centuries is presented. It has been carried out through the study of historical toponymy from several 16th and 18th-century documents and their contrast with modern cartography (MTN25 and MTN50. Together with a methodology for the development of landscape analysis based on the use of GIS, we submit an estimation of the whole dehesas surface (108,511.87 ha and their sheep stocking rate average (0.28 UGM for the analyzed period. The results retrieved question the livestock orientation of these spaces as a consequence of soil deficiencies. Instead of this, the article concludes that dehesas landscape is related to the jurisdictional model developed in the Estates of the Military Order of Alcantara during the Middle Ages.Presentamos en este artículo una cartografía del espacio ocupado por las dehesas maestrales de la Orden de Alcántara en La Serena (Badajoz durante los siglos XV-XVIII. La misma ha sido elaborada a partir del vaciado de la toponimia histórica procedente de diversas fuentes de los siglos XVI y XVIII y su posterior contraste con las series cartográficas actuales (MTN25 y MTN50. Junto a una metodología para el desarrollo de estudios del paisaje basada en el uso de SIG, ofrecemos una estimación de la superficie total de las dehesas (108.511,87 ha y del promedio de sus densidades ganaderas (0,28 UGM/ha durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Los resultados obtenidos permiten cuestionar la orientación ganadera de estas dehesas como consecuencia directa de la pobreza de los suelos. En su lugar proponemos que el adehesamiento guarda relación con el modelo jurisdiccional desarrollado en el maestrazgo de Alcántara durante la Edad Media. [fr] Cet article présente une cartographie de l’espace occupé par les dehesas du maître de l’Ordre d’Alcantara dans La Serena (Badajoz pendant les XV3 et XVIII

Compatibilidad química por calorimetría diferencial de barrido y termogravimetría del auranofin tabletas 3 mg

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Luis Octavio Martínez Álvarez

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Como parte de la pre-estabilidad de la preformulación de auranofin tabletas, se realizó un estudio de compatibilidad química, para lo cual se emplearon técnicas de análisis térmico como la calorimetría diferencial de barrido y la termogravimetría. Previo a dichos estudios se caracterizó térmicamente por calorimetría diferencial de barrido el principio activo y cada uno de los excipientes. Posteriormente se procedió a la realización del estudio de compatibilidad química, mediante la preparación de mezclas físicas binarias entre el principio activo y cada uno de los excipientes. Se detectó por ambos métodos que el principio activo tuvo una transición física de fusión, no reportada en la literatura, lo que permitió poder calcular su pureza por calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Mediante la técnica calorimétrica fue posible inferir la ausencia de incompatibilidad química entre el principio activo y los excipientes estudiados. Además, mediante el cálculo de la energía de activación se estableció el siguiente orden de estabilidad térmica: auranofin:PVP> auranofin:lactosa> auranofin:explotab> auranofin:estearato> auranofin:aerosil> auranofin:celulosa, por lo que se recomienda el uso de estos excipientes en la elaboración de la formulación farmacéutica.

Total hemispherical emittance measured at high temperatures by the calorimetric method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DiFilippo, F.; Mirtich, M.J.; Banks, B.A.; Stidham, C.; Kussmaul, M.

1994-01-01

A calorimetric vacuum emissometer (CVE) capable of measuring total hemispherical emittance of surfaces at elevated temperatures was designed, built, and tested. Several materials with a wide range of emittances were measured in the CVE between 773 to 923 K. These results were compared to values calculated from spectral emittance curves measured in a room temperature Hohlraum reflectometer and in an open-air elevated temperature emissometer. The results differed by as much as 0.2 for some materials but were in closer agreement for the more highly-emitting, diffuse-reflecting samples. The differences were attributed to temperature, atmospheric, and directional effects, and errors in the Hohlraum and emissometer measurements (± 5 percent). The probable error of the CVE measurements was typically less than 1 percent

El vigía de la costa: funcionario olvidado de la historia de Yucatán, siglos XVI al XIX

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Jorge Victoria Ojeda

2015-09-01

This article presents an official who worked on the beaches of Yucatan, whose presence in regional history goes from colonial to independent times (XVI century-1867. Its role had not been studied in Hispanic America. In this research we give you to know the legal and illegal affairs that the watchtower (vigía performed in his job and waht that employment had implied.

Radioactivity measurements of metallic 192Ir sources by calorimetric methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Genka, Tsuguo; Iwamoto, Seikichi; Takeuchi, Norio

1992-01-01

The necessity of establishing the traceability of dose measurement in brachytherapy 192 Ir sources is realized by physicians and researchers in the medical field. Standard sources of various shapes such as open-quotes hairpin,close quotes open-quotes single pin,close quotes open-quotes thin wire,close quotes and open-quotes seedclose quotes for calibrating ionization chambers in hospitals are being demanded. Nominal activities of not only these source products but also the standard sources have been so far specified by open-quotes apparentclose quotes values. Determination of open-quotes absoluteclose quotes activity by an established means such as 4pi-beta-gamma coincidence counting is not practical because quantitative dissolution of metallic iridium is very difficult. We tried to determine the open-quotes absoluteclose quotes activity by a calorimetric method in a fully nondestructive way

Las entradas de cristianos en Berbería (siglos XV-XVI): relaciones pacíficas y violentas

OpenAIRE

Iglesias Rodríguez, Juan José

2013-01-01

Esta contribución intenta dar cuenta, de forma sintética, de las relaciones desarrolladas entre España y el norte de África entre los siglos XV y XVI. Tales relaciones adopataron tanto formas pacíficas como conflictivas. La principal tesis que subyace en este trabjo es que, por ecnima del revestimiento ideológico-religioso, que parace como un apartado justificador del enfrentamiento entre cristianos y musulmanes afines de la Edad Media y comienzos de la Edad Moderna, los contactos entre unos ...

A Multichannel Calorimetric Simultaneous Assay Platform Using a Microampere Constant-Current Looped Enthalpy Sensor Array

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Hsien-Chin Wei

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Calorimetric biochemical measurements offer various advantages such as low waste, low cost, low sample consumption, short operating time, and labor-savings. Multichannel calorimeters can enhance the possibility of performing higher-throughput biochemical measurements. An enthalpy sensor (ES array is a key device in multichannel calorimeters. Most ES arrays use Wheatstone bridge amplifiers to condition the sensor signals, but such an approach is only suitable for null detection and low resistance sensors. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a multichannel calorimetric simultaneous assay (MCSA platform. An adjustable microampere constant-current (AMCC source was designed for exciting the ES array using a microampere current loop measurement circuit topology. The MCSA platform comprises a measurement unit, which contains a multichannel calorimeter and an automatic simultaneous injector, and a signal processing unit, which contains multiple ES signal conditioners and a data processor. This study focused on the construction of the MCSA platform; in particular, construction of the measurement circuit and calorimeter array in a single block. The performance of the platform, including current stability, temperature sensitivity and heat sensitivity, was evaluated. The sensor response time and calorimeter constants were given. The capability of the platform to detect relative enzyme activity was also demonstrated. The experimental results show that the proposed MCSA is a flexible and powerful biochemical measurement device with higher throughput than existing alternatives.

Calorimetric and relaxation properties of xylitol-water mixtures

Science.gov (United States)

Elamin, Khalid; Sjöström, Johan; Jansson, Helén; Swenson, Jan

2012-03-01

We present the first broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry study of supercooled xylitol-water mixtures in the whole concentration range and in wide frequency (10-2-106 Hz) and temperature (120-365 K) ranges. The calorimetric glass transition, Tg, decreases from 247 K for pure xylitol to about 181 K at a water concentration of approximately 37 wt. %. At water concentrations in the range 29-35 wt. % a plentiful calorimetric behaviour is observed. In addition to the glass transition, almost simultaneous crystallization and melting events occurring around 230-240 K. At higher water concentrations ice is formed during cooling and the glass transition temperature increases to a steady value of about 200 K for all higher water concentrations. This Tg corresponds to an unfrozen xylitol-water solution containing 20 wt. % water. In addition to the true glass transition we also observed a glass transition-like feature at 220 K for all the ice containing samples. However, this feature is more likely due to ice dissolution [A. Inaba and O. Andersson, Thermochim. Acta, 461, 44 (2007)]. In the case of the BDS measurements the presence of water clearly has an effect on both the cooperative α-relaxation and the secondary β-relaxation. The α-relaxation shows a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence and becomes faster with increasing concentration of water. The fragility of the solutions, determined by the temperature dependence of the α-relaxation close to the dynamic glass transition, decreases with increasing water content up to about 26 wt. % water, where ice starts to form. This decrease in fragility with increasing water content is most likely caused by the increasing density of hydrogen bonds, forming a network-like structure in the deeply supercooled regime. The intensity of the secondary β-relaxation of xylitol decreases noticeably already at a water content of 2 wt. %, and at a water content above 5 wt. % it has been replaced by a

20 CFR 404.535 - How much will we withhold from your title VIII and title XVI benefits to recover a title II...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How much will we withhold from your title... Officer § 404.535 How much will we withhold from your title VIII and title XVI benefits to recover a title II overpayment? (a) If past-due benefits are payable to you, we will withhold the lesser of the...

Militares en el Mundo Urbano Fronterizo Castellano (siglos XVI-XVII

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Susana TRUCHUElO GARCÍA

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se estudian diversos espacios urbanos fronterizos y costeros que albergaban presidios reales en Castilla en los siglos XVI y XVII. Se valoran las prácticas de gobierno que relacionaron, por una parte, a los vecinos, sujetos a la jurisdicción de los alcaldes y el corregidor, y, por otra, a los soldados, beneficiados por el fuero militar. Muchas de las discordias estuvieron causadas por las competencias de jurisdicción entre los distintos poderes, por el aumento de atribuciones de los militares en los contextos bélicos, por el control ejercido por los militares en las milicias concejiles y por la participación de los soldados en las instituciones de gobierno de la ciudad. Este estudio nos permite comprender el proceso de definición de una identidad particular en las ciudades fronterizas, sustentada en la exclusión de la comunidad de todo elemento que intentara segregarse del marco de acción de las autoridades urbanas y de la jurisdicción ordinaria.

Reacomodos de población en Tzintzuntzan durante el siglo XVI

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José Manuel Martínez Aguilar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Las congregaciones o reducciones de pueblos de indios se tienen bien documentados para numerosos pueblos de la Nueva España. En el caso específico de Tzintzuntzan se ha dudado si en realidad este proceso se llevó a cabo, pues no se ha encontrado el acta de su congregación. Después de analizar distintos manuscritos coloniales, crónicas, estudios previos, tradición oral, así como la traza urbana de la ciudad, se deduce que Tzintzuntzan tuvo al menos dos momentos de reorganización urbano-social. El primero que se llevó a cabo en la década de 1530 con la reubicación del convento y una parte de la población que estaba asentada en las laderas del cerro Tariácuri. El segundo debió llevarse a cabo a finales del siglo xvi o principios del xvii, con el traslado de varios de sus barrios sujetos hacia la cabecera.

Montes y bosques de Orihuela en los siglos XVI y XVII

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José Ojeda Nieto

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Los montes y los bosques de la época Moderna son poco conocidos. Escasean los documentos, y cuando los hay se fijan en las talas y abusos cometidos por los vecinos o en las preocupaciones -normativas concejiles- de buena utilización de la leña y la madera. La Orihuela foral, siglos XVI y XVII, gozaba de una amplia extensión de terrenos comunales donde el pastoreo convivía con el aprovechamiento silvícola. El presente estudio marca los límites del monte, concretamente del arbolado, al tiempo que cuantifica, como propuesta, los distintos espacios que configuraban el paisaje del Bajo Segura: huerta, boalares, redondas y realengo. Normas y leyes que reglamentaban cortes y talas, así como los malos usos del bosque -carboneo e incendios-, son también analizados para entender el proceso de deforestación y su control a lo largo de las citadas centurias.

La recepción de los libros de caballerías en elsiglo XVI: a propósito de los lectores en el Quijote

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María del Rosario Aguilar Perdomo

2005-01-01

Full Text Available éxito tuvo entre el público oyente y lector durante el siglo XVI.Se conservan numerosos testimonios, tanto literarios como documentales,que indican que su lectura era habitual en distintas clasesde la sociedad española de la época. El Quijote ofrece a lo

Conventos femeninos en el urbanismo de Canarias (siglos XVI-XIX

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Juan Sebastián López García

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Los  monasterios femeninos poseyeron una desigual presencia en el archipiélago canario, dado que sólo hubo fundaciones en tres de las siete islas, repartidos en nueve poblaciones, con un total de quince inmuebles hasta el siglo XIX. Las fundaciones más antiguas datan del siglo XVI, ya que debe recordarse que la incorporación de Canarias a la Corona de Castilla se produjo a lo largo de la centuria anterior. En cuanto a las órdenes, las más numerosas fueron las franciscanas (clarisas y concepcionistas con seis monasterios, a las que siguen las dominicas o catalinas y las bernardas, con cuatro, cada una, mientras las agustinas recoletas sólo poseyeron uno. La mayoría se pueden considerar urbanos o semiurbanos por el carácter de la ciudad o villa donde se emplazan, ocupando casi siempre las zonas más céntricas. Esta misma posición en la trama fue un factor decisivo en el momento de la desamortización, cuyas medidas provocaron la desaparición de la mayoría de los edificios, pasando los solares a ser ocupados por espacios libres (plazas y jardines, edificios público de nueva planta (ayuntamientos, teatros o construcciones privadas. Sólo permanecen abiertos en la actualidad las Catalinas y Claras de La Laguna y las Concepcionistas de Garachico, todos en Tenerife.Female monasteries in the urbanism of the Canary lslands (c. XVI-XIX The presence of nunneries in the Canary Archipelago was uneven. The fifteen buildings that appear up to the Nineteenth Century are distributed in only nine towns, and three of the seven islands. The earliest foundations date back to the Sixteenth century, as the Canaries were conquered by the Crown of Castilla only in the previous Century. The “Franciscanas (Clarisas an Concepcionistas” with six monasteries,was the most numerous Order, followed by "Dominicas or Catalinas", and the "Bernardas" with four each, and finally the "Agustinas Recoletas" with only one. The majority can be considered urban or semi

Thermodynamic properties of liquid silver-gallium alloys determined from e.m.f. and calorimetric measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik, Dominika; Fitzner, Krzysztof

2011-01-01

The thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag-Ga alloys were determined using e.m.f. and calorimetric methods. In the e.m.f. method, solid oxide galvanic cells were used with zirconia electrolyte. The cells of the type W,Ag x Ga (1-x) ,Ga 2 O 3 //ZrO 2 +(Y 2 O 3 )//FeO,Fe,W were used in the temperature range from 1098 K to 1273 K, and in the range of mole fraction from x Ga = 0.1 to x Ga = 1.0. At first, the Gibbs free energy of formation of pure solid gallium oxide, Ga 2 O 3 , from pure elements was derived. Using values of the measured e.m.f. for the cell with x Ga = 1.0, the following temperature dependence was obtained: Δ f G m,Ga 2 O 3 0 (±4kJ·mol -1 J)=-1061.7235+0.2899T/K. Next, the activity of the gallium was derived as a function of the alloy composition from the values of the measured e.m.f. Activities of silver were calculated using the Gibbs-Duhem equation. The drop calorimetric measurements were carried out at two temperatures, viz. 923 K and 1123 K, using a Setaram MHTC calorimeter. Integral enthalpies of mixing of liquid binary alloys were determined at those temperatures. Finally, thermodynamic properties of the liquid alloys were described with the Redlich-Kister equation using ThermoCalc software.

Fine-structure energy levels, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities in Ni XVI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deb, N.C.; Msezane, A.Z.

2001-01-01

Fine-structure energy levels relative to the ground state, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for transitions among the lowest 40 fine-structure levels belonging to the configurations 3s 2 3p, 3s3p 2 , 3s 2 3d, 3p 3 and 3s3p3d of Ni XVI are calculated using a large scale CI in program CIV3 of Hibbert. Relativistic effects are included through the Breit-Pauli approximation via spin-orbit, spin-other-orbit, spin-spin, Darwin and mass correction terms. The existing discrepancies between the calculated and measured values for many of the relative energy positions are resolved in the present calculation which yields excellent agreement with measurement. Also, many of our oscillator strengths for allowed and intercombination transitions are in very good agreement with the recommended data by the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST). (orig.)

Calorimetric Measuring Systems for Characterizing High Frequency Power Losses in Power Electronic Components and Systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blaabjerg, Frede; Pedersen, John Kim; Ritchie, Andrew Ewen

2002-01-01

High frequency power losses in power electronic components and systems are very difficult to measure. The same applies to the efficiency of high-efficiency systems and components. An important method to measure losses with high accuracy is the calorimetric measuring systems. This paper describes...... to calibrate such systems are proposed and different applications of the system are given. Two practical examples end the description of the research. It is concluded that such systems have a relative long time-constant but they are accurate and useful for precise power loss measurement....

Investigation of sodium - carbon dioxide interactions with calorimetric studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simon, N.; Latge, C.; Gicquel, L.

2007-01-01

The supercritical CO 2 Brayton cycle could be a promising option to enhance the competitiveness of future Sodium fast reactors but it is highly necessary to get thermodynamic and kinetics information on potential sodium-CO 2 chemical reactions and their consequences. We have studied the interaction between Na and CO 2 via calorimetric methods. These methods are able to point out exothermic/endothermic phenomena and to measure heat of chemical reactions. The main feature of the Na/CO 2 interaction seems to be its sharp dependence on temperature. At low temperature, below 500 C degrees, CO 2 and sodium react and exhibit an induction time which decreases when temperature increases. Above 500 C degrees, we observe a global phenomenon with a fast and instantaneous chemical reaction which may be understood as an auto-combustion of CO 2 in sodium. We clearly demonstrated that Na/CO 2 interaction does not proceed as an auto-catalytic process and is more satisfactorily explained by the occurring of an auto-combustion phenomenon

Una nueva pieza de artilleria de galeras del siglo XVI: el esmeril bastardo «matacapitanes»

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Fondevila Silva, Pedro

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This work is aimed at the analysis of an unknown piece of maritime artillery dated at the second half of the XVIth century. This piece, out of any inventory record, was located within one of the Archive-Museum chambers in the Don Álvaro Bazán Palace at El Viso del Marqués, Ciudad Real province, central Spain. The specimen is a bastard esmeril here so-called «matacapitanes» («killer of captains» because it seems precisely designed to be used against the bullet-proof armour of enemy officers. By means of manuscripts and impressed documents, an approach and discussion on the typology and classification of the XVIth century´s maritime artillery is also presented.

Trabajo de investigación que presenta y analiza una pieza desconocida de artillería naval de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, localizada sin inventariar en una de las salas del Archivo-Museo «Don Álvaro de Bazán» del Palacio de El Viso del Marqués en Ciudad Real (España. Se trata de un esmeril bastardo que hemos bautizado como «matacapitanes », por ser un modelo diseñado para optimizar su empleo contra los oficiales enemigos protegidos con armaduras a prueba de balas de arcabuz. Además, se realiza una aproximación al estudio de la tipología y clasificación de la artillería naval del siglo XVI a través de los documentos, tanto manuscritos como impresos, de esa época.

A calorimetric method to determine water activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Björklund, Sebastian; Wadsö, Lars

2011-11-01

A calorimetric method to determine water activity covering the full range of the water activity scale is presented. A dry stream of nitrogen gas is passed either over the solution whose activity should be determined or left dry before it is saturated by bubbling through water in an isothermal calorimeter. The unknown activity is in principle determined by comparing the thermal power of vaporization related to the gas stream with unknown activity to that with zero activity. Except for three minor corrections (for pressure drop, non-perfect humidification, and evaporative cooling) the unknown water activity is calculated solely based on the water activity end-points zero and unity. Thus, there is no need for calibration with references with known water activities. The method has been evaluated at 30 °C by measuring the water activity of seven aqueous sodium chloride solutions ranging from 0.1 mol kg(-1) to 3 mol kg(-1) and seven saturated aqueous salt solutions (LiCl, MgCl(2), NaBr, NaCl, KCl, KNO(3), and K(2)SO(4)) with known water activities. The performance of the method was adequate over the complete water activity scale. At high water activities the performance was excellent, which is encouraging as many other methods used for water activity determination have limited performance at high water activities. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Review of human osseal remains from XVI-XVIII centuries cemetery of Zatveretsky Posad (Tver, Russia

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Andrei V. Zinoviev

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Human osseal remains from the cemetery of Zatveretsky Posad at the historical Russian city of Tver revealed the data on its population in XVI-XVIII centuries. Obtained data generally agreed with the material from other contemporaneous necropoles of the city. Domination of male burials and underrepresentation of younger individuals are accompanied by the signs of poor oral hygiene. Caries has not only often destroyed majority of molars in males and females by the age of 45-50 years, but affected teeth of teenagers and even younger individuals. The heavily developed dental calculus is one of the signs of insufficient oral hygiene in adults. Possible kinship between buried is manifested by similar genetically determined cranial anomalies.

AC loss measurement of superconducting dipole magnets by the calorimetric method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morita, Y.; Hara, K.; Higashi, N.; Kabe, A.

1996-01-01

AC losses of superconducting dipole magnets were measured by the calorimetric method. The magnets were model dipole magnets designed for the SSC. These were fabricated at KEK with 50-mm aperture and 1.3-m overall length. The magnet was set in a helium cryostat and cooled down to 1.8 K with 130 L of pressurized superfluid helium. Heat dissipated by the magnet during ramp cycles was measured by temperature rise of the superfluid helium. Heat leakage into the helium cryostat was 1.6 W and was subtracted from the measured heat to obtain AC loss of the magnet. An electrical measurement was carried out for calibration. Results of the two methods agreed within the experimental accuracy. The authors present the helium cryostat and measurement system in detail, and discuss the results of AC loss measurement

Religião e política: o pensamento antimaquiavelista espanhol dos séculos XVI E XVII

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Jaime Estevão dos Reis

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre religião e política no pensamento antimaquiavelista espanhol de fins do século XVI e primeira metade do século XVII. Frente à razão de Estado defendida por Nicolau Maquiavel, que qualificam como errônea e falsa, os escritores políticos espanhóis propõem o que chamam de verdadeira razão de Estado, baseada em princípios cristãos.

Comparative dose evaluations between XVI and OBI cone beam CT systems using Gafchromic XRQA2 film and nanoDot optical stimulated luminescence dosimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giaddui, Tawfik; Cui Yunfeng; Galvin, James; Yu Yan; Xiao Ying

2013-01-01

Purpose: To investigate the effect of energy (kVp) and filters (no filter, half Bowtie, and full Bowtie) on the dose response curves of the Gafchromic XRQA2 film and nanoDot optical stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) in CBCT dose fields. To measure surface and internal doses received during x-ray volume imager (XVI) (Version R4.5) and on board imager (OBI) (Version 1.5) CBCT imaging protocols using these two types of dosimeters. Methods: Gafchromic XRQA2 film and nanoDot OSLD dose response curves were generated at different kV imaging settings used by XVI (software version R4.5) and OBI (software version 1.5) CBCT systems. The settings for the XVI system were: 100 kVp/F0 (no filter), 120 kVp/F0, and 120 kVp/F1 (Bowtie filter), and for the OBI system were: 100 kVp/full fan, 125 kVp/full fan, and 125 kVp/half fan. XRQA2 film was calibrated in air to air kerma levels between 0 and 11 cGy and scanned using reflection scanning mode with the Epson Expression 10000 XL flat-bed document scanner. NanoDot OSLDs were calibrated on phantom to surface dose levels between 0 and 14 cGy and read using the inLight TM MicroStar reader. Both dosimeters were used to measure in field surface and internal doses in a male Alderson Rando Phantom. Results: Dose response curves of XRQA2 film and nanoDot OSLDs at different XVI and OBI CBCT settings were reported. For XVI system, the surface dose ranged between 0.02 cGy in head region during fast head and neck scan and 4.99 cGy in the chest region during symmetry scan. On the other hand, the internal dose ranged between 0.02 cGy in the head region during fast head and neck scan and 3.17 cGy in the chest region during chest M20 scan. The average (internal and external) dose ranged between 0.05 cGy in the head region during fast head and neck scan and 2.41 cGy in the chest region during chest M20 scan. For OBI system, the surface dose ranged between 0.19 cGy in head region during head scan and 4.55 cGy in the pelvis region during spot

Wavelengths, classifications, and ionization energies in the isoelectronic sequences from Yb II and Yb III through Bi XV and Bi XVI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaufman, V.; Sugar, J.

1976-01-01

Spectral observations are reported for transitions to the ground term and first excited term of the one-electron configurations in the 4f/sup 14/5p 6 nl isoelectronic sequence from Yb II through Bi XV. Resonance lines are reported for the isoelectronic sequence Yb III through Bi XVI in which the ground state is 4f/sup 14/5p 6 1 S 0 and the upper levels are the J = 1 levels of the 4f/sup 13/5p 6 nd, 4f/sup 14/5p 5 nd, and 4f/sup 14/5p 5 ns configurations. The wavelengths fall in the range 70--3700 A. The spectra were produced by means of sliding and triggered spark discharges and photographed with 10.7 m normal and grazing incidence spectrographs. The data in the Yb III sequence demonstrate the crossing of binding energies of the 4f and 5p shells at W VII. Rydberg series terms were found in a sufficient number of cases to provide extrapolation curves through Bi XV and Bi XVI. These data enabled us to calculate ionization energies for each of these ions with an uncertainty of approx.1% or better

New methodology for simultaneous volumetric and calorimetric measurements: Direct determination of {alpha}{sub p} and C{sub p} for liquids under pressure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Casas, L. M. [Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo (Spain); Plantier, F.; Bessieres, D. [Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et Energetique des Fluides Complexes-UMR 5150, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l' Adour, BP 1155, 64013 Pau (France)

2009-12-15

A new batch cell has been developed to measure simultaneously both isobaric thermal expansion and isobaric heat capacity from calorimetric measurements. The isobaric thermal expansion is directly proportional to the linear displacement of an inner flexible below and the heat capacity is calculated from the calorimetric signal. The apparatus used was a commercial Setaram C-80 calorimeter and together with this type of vessels can be operated up to 20 MPa and in the temperature range of 303.15-523.15 K, In this work, calibration was carried out using 1-hexanol and subsequently both thermophysical properties were determined for 3-pentanol, 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, and 1-octanol at atmospheric pressure, 5 and 10 MPa, and from 303.15 to 423.15 K in temperature. Finally experimental values were compared with the literature in order to validate this new methodology, which allows a very accurate determination of isobaric thermal expansion and isobaric heat capacity.

Maestros canteros de Trasmiera en Galicia (siglo XVI

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Diana Dúo Rámila

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Es conocido el desarrollo que experimenta la cantería en Cantabria en la Edad Moderna. Se trata de un fenómeno significativo en términos cualitativos y cuantitativos, por el elevado número de artífices y obras en las que intervienen, desplegando su actividad no sólo en la Península sino en otras zonas como Canarias y América. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo el estudio de los canteros cántabros, concretamente de la región de Trasmiera, que se desplazaron a Galicia en el siglo XVI desarrollando una intensa y valiosa labor. Participaron allí de la actividad constructiva en la región con frecuencia en colaboración con maestros de distintas procedencias, lo que originará una confluencia de influencias artísticas que determinarán las particularidades e idiosincrasia del arte gallego de este período.The stonemasonry of Cantabria experiences an important development between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. This development is determined by a great number of artists and works in what they take part, working in the Peninsula, and other regions like Canaries and America. The objective of this study is to evaluate the activities that performed the master builders of Cantabria (in concrete of trasmiera’s region which displaced to Galicia in sixteenth century developing an intense and valuable activity.

Naos, clima y glaciares en el Estrecho de Magallanes durante el siglo XVI

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Prieto, María del Rosario

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Not available.

El objetivo de este trabajo es lograr una aproximación al clima y a los fenómenos de glaciación ocurridos en el Estrecho de Magallanes durante el siglo XVI y parte del XVII a través de registros históricos. Se complementan los resultados obtenidos por investigadores de otras disciplinas paleoclimáticas en el área, verificándose si las fuentes históricas corroboran las conclusiones de esos autores, quienes postulan un intervalo muy frío entre 1520 y 1670. Para realizar esta investigación se utilizaron los “diarios o relaciones de navegación” de los primeros marinos españoles que pasaron por el Estrecho, recopilados en su mayor parte en Archivos históricos españoles. A través de la técnica del análisis de contenido se verificó la estabilidad en el vocabulario referido al clima y los glaciares a lo largo de esas centurias y se calificó los eventos de acuerdo a su magnitud. Se determinaron diversas categorías de las cuales se han seleccionado precipitaciones sólidas y líquidas, temperatura, dirección del viento y ocurrencia de tormentas para analizar en este trabajo. Se estudió especialmente la presencia de témpanos en el Estrecho y las descripciones de los glaciares fueguinos y del sur de la Patagonia chilena como indicadores de bajas temperaturas. Se concluye que existen referencias directas a la presencia de témpanos proveniente de glaciares en el Estrecho, sólo en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. El avance de los hielos supondría una acentuación de las condiciones de frío durante esa centuria, lo que puede ser corroborado por los datos de los navíos que consignan temperaturas estivales frías y muy frías en la vertiente pacífica. Estos datos coincidirían con los resultados de R. Villalba en cuanto a que el intervalo 1520 a 1670 fue uno de los más fríos de la Pequeña Edad Glaciar.

Calorimetric Measurement for Internal Conversion Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells/Modules Based on Electrical Substitution Method

Science.gov (United States)

Saito, Terubumi; Tatsuta, Muneaki; Abe, Yamato; Takesawa, Minato

2018-02-01

We have succeeded in the direct measurement for solar cell/module internal conversion efficiency based on a calorimetric method or electrical substitution method by which the absorbed radiant power is determined by replacing the heat absorbed in the cell/module with the electrical power. The technique is advantageous in that the reflectance and transmittance measurements, which are required in the conventional methods, are not necessary. Also, the internal quantum efficiency can be derived from conversion efficiencies by using the average photon energy. Agreements of the measured data with the values estimated from the nominal values support the validity of this technique.

Talis mater, talis filia: las malas madres en los siglos XVI y XVII

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Amaia Nausia Pimoulier

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un tipo de violencia familiar protagonizado por madres e hijas navarras de los siglos XVI y XVII. Las acu-saciones por lenocinio o alcahuetería contra las madres que emplearon a sus propias hijas en sus tratos de mediadoras sirven para ilustrar una forma de violencia que supone, entre otras cosas, una ruptura del amor materno. La preca-ria situación de la madre y las dificultades tras el fallecimiento del esposo —la gran parte de los casos están protagonizados por madres viu-das— fue el contexto general en el que se desarrollaron los malos tratos. La historia de estas mujeres representa un mal ejercicio de la autoridad materna y una forma de violencia hacia las hijas; una violencia no siempre física, pero sí emocional y psicológica.

Model for calorimetric measurements in an open quantum system

Science.gov (United States)

Donvil, Brecht; Muratore-Ginanneschi, Paolo; Pekola, Jukka P.; Schwieger, Kay

2018-05-01

We investigate the experimental setup proposed in New J. Phys. 15, 115006 (2013), 10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/115006 for calorimetric measurements of thermodynamic indicators in an open quantum system. As a theoretical model we consider a periodically driven qubit coupled with a large yet finite electron reservoir, the calorimeter. The calorimeter is initially at equilibrium with an infinite phonon bath. As time elapses, the temperature of the calorimeter varies in consequence of energy exchanges with the qubit and the phonon bath. We show how under weak-coupling assumptions, the evolution of the qubit-calorimeter system can be described by a generalized quantum jump process including as dynamical variable the temperature of the calorimeter. We study the jump process by numeric and analytic methods. Asymptotically with the duration of the drive, the qubit-calorimeter attains a steady state. In this same limit, we use multiscale perturbation theory to derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing the calorimeter temperature distribution. We inquire the properties of the temperature probability distribution close and at the steady state. In particular, we predict the behavior of measurable statistical indicators versus the qubit-calorimeter coupling constant.

Riforme economiche e lotte politiche nel Giappone medievale. Il governo delle attività economiche durante le guerre civili del XVI secolo

OpenAIRE

Gresti Maurizio

1999-01-01

XVI century Japan ended a long period of transition: finally a new and stable institutional framework emerged under the Tokugawa "shogun". For a very long time the Imperial court, confined in Kyoto, had played an almost symbolic rule, while the power was in the hands of military governments (bakufu). However bakufu were increasingly unable to control local developments and in the provinces a new class of powerful landlords ("daimyo") was gaining autonomy in military, judicial, administrative ...

Standardization of 3H, 14C and 63Ni radiation sources by calorimetric method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khol'nova, E.A.; Kul'kova, L.P.

1979-01-01

The calorimetric method of determination of activity of radionuclides 3 H, 14 C and 63 Ni with low mean energies of β-particles has, as compare to other methods which had been used for determination of activity of these nuclides, a number of advantages, because a nuclide to be measured can be introduced into the calorimeter in any physical and chemical state. It is not necessary to distroy integrity ane leek-proofness of a source wnich can be of arbitrary type. There is no correction for absorption and self-absorption of β-particles and measuring instruments are relatively simple. As a limitation of this method is it's low sensitivity which can be owercomed by means of application of modern high sensitivity calorimeters. Such calorimeters have been developed in the Mendeleev All-Union research Institute. The calorimetric installation consists of 3 independent β-calorimeters of differential-double type, working in the regime of heat equilibrium and beeng intended for different by sise and shape sources. Then, there are thermostatting device of special desighn and electric measuring device. Number of thermocouples in each calorimeter is from 75 to 120 and sensitivity of calorimeters is from 2.45x10 -7 to 4.5x10 -7 Bt/mm depending on the type of calorimeter. Calorimeters are intended for measuring activities from 10 9 to 10 12 Bk. Error of measurement of activities equals 0.8-1.5% (with confidence level of 0.99%). The main portion of error consists of error in the medium energy β-spectra. The calorimeter error itself is much more lower. Soueces, which have been measured in the calorimeter than can be used for preparation of solutions and sources of lower activity [ru

Thermally decarboxylated sodium bicarbonate: Interactions with water vapour, calorimetric study

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Natalia Volkova

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC was used to study interactions between water vapour and the surface of thermally converted sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3. The decarboxylation degree of the samples was varied from 3% to 35% and the humidity range was 54–100%. The obtained enthalpy values were all exothermic and showed a positive linear correlation with decarboxylation degrees for each humidity studied. The critical humidity, 75% (RHo, was determined as the inflection point on a plot of the mean−ΔHkJ/mole Na2CO3 against RH. Humidities above the critical humidity lead to complete surface dissolution. The water uptake (m was determined after each calorimetric experiment, complementing the enthalpy data. A mechanism of water vapour interaction with decarboxylated samples, including the formation of trona and Wegscheider’s salt on the bicarbonate surface is proposed for humidities below RHo. Keywords: Isothermal titration calorimetry, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium carbonate, Trona salt, Wegscheider’s salt, Enthalpy, Relative humidity, Pyrolytic decarboxylation

Study of the aging processes in polyurethane adhesives using thermal treatment and differential calorimetric, dielectric, and mechanical techniques ; 1, identifying the aging processes ; 2, quantifying the aging effect

CERN Document Server

Althouse, L P

1979-01-01

Study of the aging processes in polyurethane adhesives using thermal treatment and differential calorimetric, dielectric, and mechanical techniques ; 1, identifying the aging processes ; 2, quantifying the aging effect

Producción local, abastecimiento urbano y regulación municipal : el marco legal del vino en Bilbao (S. XIV-XVI

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Ana María Rivera Medina

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo pretendemos analizar la política intervencionista del Ayuntamiento de Bilbao, entre los siglos XIV y XVI, sobre el cultivo, producción y comercialización de vinos, tanto locales como foráneos, en un momento de transición: el paso de la Baja Edad Media al comienzo de la Modernidad. Intentaremos, igualmente, demostrar cómo el Ayuntamiento, máxima expresión del poder local, regula los distintos ámbitos de la viticultura, con el fin de proteger la producción local frente a la competencia de los vinos foráneos, con el propósito de lograr el abastecimiento de la Villa.The present article analyzes the interventionist politics of the City council of Bilbao, among the XIV and XVI centuries, on the cultivation, production and commercialization of wines, so much local as foreign, in a transition moment: the pass from the Late Middle Ages to the beginning of the Modern period. We will attempt, equally, to demonstrate how the City council, maximum expression of the local power, regulates the different environments of the viticulture, with the purpose of protecting the local production in front of the competition of the foreign wines, with the purpose of achieving the supply of the Villa.

The impact of a low glycaemic index (GI) diet on simultaneous measurements of blood glucose and fat oxidation: A whole body calorimetric study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaur, Bhupinder; Quek Yu Chin, Rina; Camps, Stefan; Henry, Christiani Jeyakumar

2016-06-01

Low glycaemic index (GI) foods are known to minimize large fluctuations in blood glucose levels and have been suggested to increase fat oxidation. The objective of this study was to simultaneously investigate glucose excursion and substrate oxidation in a whole body calorimetre when Chinese male subjects were provided a low or high GI meal. In a randomized, controlled crossover non blind design, 12 healthy Chinese male adults (BMI 21.8 ± 1.3 kgm -2 ) attended two sessions consisting of either four low or high glycaemic meals (LGI vs HGI). Breakfast, lunch and snack were consumed in a whole body calorimetre while dinner was consumed at home. Daily changes in glycaemic response (GR) and postprandial GR responses were measured using a continuous glucose monitoring system. The GR was further calculated to obtain the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose concentrations. Glycaemic variability was calculated as mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (MAGE). Substrate oxidation was calculated by measuring respiratory quotient and urine nitrogen excretion. After LGI meals in the whole body calorimetre, iAUC for glucose (P = 0.008) was lower compared to the HGI session. The HGI treatment produced a significantly greater MAGE than the LGI treatment over the 24 hour period (P fat oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation were observed following breakfast and lunch when comparing LGI to HGI (P fat oxidation over carbohydrate oxidation when compared to HGI mixed meals. The consumption of low GI meals may be a strategic approach in improving overall glycaemia and increasing fat oxidation in Asians consuming a high carbohydrate diet.

La «Renovatio Urbis» : poder, ciudad y universidad en el siglo XVI

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Consuelo Gómez López

1996-01-01

Full Text Available El proceso de renovación del concepto de Estado iniciado por los Reyes Católicos a finales del siglo xv, encontró en los medios institucionales el instrumento perfecto para dirigir y difundir sus nuevos principios doctrinales y poner en práctica sus programas de acción política. Las universidades, convertidas en instituciones puestas al servicio de la expresión del poder, encontraron a partir de entonces y a lo largo de todo el siglo xvi, un gran auge. Esta circunstancia se produce una vez que se toma conciencia desde el poder del valor que posee la educación como instrumento de acción política a partir del cual poder asegurar, como ha señalado J.A. Maravall, «la transmisión de los saberes que importan para la acción de gobierno», y en consecuencia, promover la renovación del Estado y de la sociedad

La remuneración y el control del servicio cultual en la Iglesia de Toledo (S. XVI

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Susana Villaluenga de Gracia

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es examinar el sistema de remuneración del clero en la catedral de Toledo en el siglo XVI. Su cabildo mantenía un sistema basado en las enseñanzas bíblicas y la normativa conciliar. Existía así una relación directa entre la remuneración de los sacerdotes y su misión de culto. Esto permitió establecer un salario justo en función a la presencia de los beneficiados a los oficios divinos y a las horas canónicas. Además, el cabildo garantizaba la correcta ejecución de este sistema retributivo a través de importantes mecanismos de control, apuntando de forma rigurosa las ausencias o irregularidades en el culto, que eran penalizadas a cuenta de su asignación y repartidas entre los beneficiarios cumplidores.The purpose of this articte is to explore the system of remuneration to priest on the cathedral of Toledo in the XVI century. Its chapter kept a system based on the biblical preaching and the canons of the ecclesiastical councils. There was thus a plug between the remuneration of the priest and their mission of cult to God. The belief system was a key factor to set an exact salary that was based on the presence of prebendaries at the divine offices and the canonical hours. Furthermore, the chapter kept an effective control system to report about the absences or irregular behaviour in the cult that were penalized. Then, on based to this information, it was set the salary. The fines were distributed to the prebenderies that fulfilled their obligations.

The provincial administration of the Ottoman Empire in the XVI century on the ground of the kanunname

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M. V. Kovalchuk

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The title of the article is ‘The provincial administration of the Ottoman empire in the XVI century on the ground of the kanunname’. The purpose of the article is to characterize the structure of the provincial administration of the Ottoman Empire in the XVI century on the ground of the sultans’ kanunname. The administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire has been studied in the article: the largest ottoman provinces - eyalets were divided into two types: timarli, in which the system of sanjaks, ottoman law, timar system were established; and salyaneli, where timar system was absent, all taxes were gathered and distributed to local needs; the second administrative-military territorial units were sanjaks, the subdivisions of sanjak were kazas and kadiluks, then – nahiyes. Moreover, outside this system there were various types of vassal and tributary states. The governance of such large territory, control over the execution of orders, establishment of relations between different groups of multi-ethnic population of the empire, which lived mostly not in the metropolitan area, but in the provinces, needed the constant functioning of local authorities. The main task of the provincial administration was to organize and to strengthen the communications between the province and the center. Special attention has been given to the description of the place and role, rights and duties of beylerbey, sanjakbey, qadi (judge, defterdar and other local managers at the system of the Ottoman provincial administration. In conclusion it is necessary to point out that the system of local authorities was formed by representatives of the military-administrative (sipahi-timarli, sanjakbey, beylerbey, the Grand Vizier, judicial (qadis (judges, kazaskers, sheikh-ul-Islam and financial (defterdars branches of the Ottoman government. Legal prohibitions and mutual cooperation supported sustainable balance between these executive power branches.

Muscovy and the Crimea in the Historical Destinies of the Peoples of the North Caucasus in the second half of the XVI century

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Aleksandr A. Kudryavtsev

2016-09-01

Full Text Available In the second half of the XVI century Moscow state, defeating Kazan (1552 and Astrakhan (1556 khanate, came to the Caspian sea to the North Caucasus, where he encountered opposition from two very strong opponents: Turkey and the Crimean khanate. The Ottoman Empire, which included Northern Caspian and the Caucasus in the number of its geopolitical interests, sought power and diplomatic means to subdue the mountain and nomadic population, their power and actively opposed their rapprochement with Russia. One of the main performers and conductors of Turkish policy in the region were dependent vassal of Turkey, the Crimean khanate. The peoples of the North Caucasus, first of all Nogai, the Kabardians and the representatives of several other Circassian tribes, seen in Moscow state protection from the expansive aspirations of the Crimea and Turkey and actively supported the Russian fortification construction and anticrime military operations of the Russian North Caucasus. Military and diplomatic successes of the Russian state in the North Caucasus and the Caspian sea in the second half of the XVI century contributed to the development of international Eastern trade along the Volga-Caspian route and the strengthening of the authority of Moscow in the region and in the international arena.

José de Anchieta, o teatro e a educação dos moços do Colégio de Jesus na Bahia do século XVI

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Paulo Romualdo Hernandes

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo trata do teatro educativo jesuítico no Brasil do século XVI. Aborda o teatro deAnchieta e tem como objeto específico de pesquisa a peça “Diálogo de Pero Dias”, queteria sido apresentada no Colégio de Jesus na ciudad do Salvador, na Bahia. Um auto nafórmula de diálogo, por meio de perguntas e respostas, como o catecismo tridentino,preparadas para a catequese. Diálogo que teria como espectadores, provavelmente, oscolonos, viajantes, homens do governo, soldados, mas como alvo principal de seusensinamentos os “moços” do colégio. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma nova leituradessa peça de Anchieta para resgatar, a partir de uma leitura crítica baseada em Foucault,os ensinamentos que os padres jesuítas pretendiam para os “moços”, mas também paraoutras personagens sociais do Brasil do século XVI.

Los orígenes y desarrollo de la pesca española en Terranova y Groenlandia (siglos XVI-XVII)

OpenAIRE

Pérez-de-Rubín-y-Feigl, J. (Juan)

2007-01-01

Se describen los altibajos en las pesquerías de Terranova y las incursiones en aguas de Groenlandia-Noruega y Brasil (1625), en un cambiante y conflictivo escenario internacional. La lucha por el dominio del mar llevó a períodos de violentas agresiones en los caladeros del Atlántico Norte, influyendo en el libre acceso de los pescadores españoles durante los siglos XVI y XVII. En las costas españolas, tanto en las de la metrópoli como en las ultramarinas, se sucedieron largos períodos de esca...

XVI 'Jacques-Louis Lions' Spanish-French School on Numerical Simulation in Physics and Engineering

CERN Document Server

Roldán, Teo; Torrens, Juan

2016-01-01

This book presents lecture notes from the XVI ‘Jacques-Louis Lions’ Spanish-French School on Numerical Simulation in Physics and Engineering, held in Pamplona (Navarra, Spain) in September 2014. The subjects covered include: numerical analysis of isogeometric methods, convolution quadrature for wave simulations, mathematical methods in image processing and computer vision, modeling and optimization techniques in food processes, bio-processes and bio-systems, and GPU computing for numerical simulation. The book is highly recommended to graduate students in Engineering or Science who want to focus on numerical simulation, either as a research topic or in the field of industrial applications. It can also benefit senior researchers and technicians working in industry who are interested in the use of state-of-the-art numerical techniques in the fields addressed here. Moreover, the book can be used as a textbook for master courses in Mathematics, Physics, or Engineering.

Theoretical and experimental study of a calorimetric technique for measuring energy deposition in materials caused by complex pile irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mas, P.; Sciers, P.; Droulers, Y.

1962-01-01

Calorimetric methods may be used to measure gamma fluxes greater than 10 6 r/h near the cores of swimming pool reactors. The theory, design, and properties of isothermal calorimeters are discussed, and experimental results obtained with two types are presented. Measurement of energy deposition in materials and the long term integration of energy depositions are other uses of these devices. Results of measurements on heat deposition in steel and water are given. Fluxes were also measured. (authors) [fr

SU-E-J-50: An Evaluation of the Stability of Image Quality Parameters of the Elekta XVI and IView Imaging Systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stanley, D; Papanikolaou, N; Gutierrez, A

2015-01-01

Introduction Quality assurance of the image quality for image guided localization systems is crucial to ensure accurate visualization and localization of target volumes. In this study, the long term stability of selected image parameters was assessed and evaluated for CBCT mode, planar radiographic kV mode and MV mode. Methods and Materials: The CATPHAN, QckV-1 and QC-3 phantoms were used to evaluate the image quality parameters. The planar radiographic images were analyzed in PIPSpro™ with spatial resolution (f30, f40, f50) being recorded. For XVI CBCT, Head and Neck Small20 (S20) and Pelvis Medium20 (M20) standard acquisition modes were evaluated for Uniformity, Noise, Spatial Resolution and HU constancy. Dose and kVp for the XVI were recorded using the Unfors RaySafe Xi system with the R/F Low Detector for the kV planar radiographic mode. Results A total of 20 and 10 measurements were acquired for the planar radiographic and CBCT systems respectively over a two month period. Values were normalized to the mean and the standard deviations (STD) were recorded. For the planar radiographic spatial resolution, the STD for f30, f40, f50 were 0.004, 0.002, 0.002 and 0.005, 0.007, 0.008 for the kV and MV, respectively. The average recorded dose for kV was 38.7±2.7 μGy. The STD of the evaluated metrics for the S20 acquisition were: 0.444(f30), 0.067(f40), 0.062(f50), 0.018(Water/poly-HU constancy), 0.028(uniformity) and 0.106(noise). The standard deviations for the M20 acquisition were: 0.108(f30), 0.073(f40), 0.091(f50), 0.008(Water/poly-HU constancy), 0.005(uniformity) and 0.005(noise). Using these, tolerances can be reported as a warning and action threshold of 1σ and 2σ. Conclusion A study was performed to assess the stability of the basic image quality parameters recommended by TG-142 for the Elekta XVI and iView imaging systems. Consistent imaging and dosimetric properties over the evaluated time frame were noted. This work was funded in part by the Cancer

El «cursus honorum» de los letrados aragoneses en los siglos XVI y XVII

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Encarna JARQUE MARTÍNEZ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La monarquía de los Austrias, como es de sobra conocido, topó con enormes dificultades en el gobierno de los estados de la Corona de Aragón. Los fueros y libertades de los distintos territorios impedían un ejercicio efectivo de la autoridad real y ello fue particularmente acusado en los casos del principado catalán y del reino aragonés. Por lo que a Aragón se refiere, el esquema de la modernidad podría resumirse del modo siguiente: frente a un siglo XVI en que el reino puso todo tipo de trabas al ejercicio de la autoridad real, en la centuria del seiscientos la monarquía había vencido cualquier resistencia y podía gobernar con la aquiescencia de la clase dirigente aragonesa.

Pesca y trabajo en el reino de Toledo. La cuenca alta y media del Tajo en los siglos XII al XVI

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Sánchez Quiñones, Julián

2006-06-01

Full Text Available

This work treats about the professions related with the fishing in the Kingdom of Toledo, in the high and middle course of river Tagus, from XII-XVIth centuries. Along these pages we have seen many different kind of people, public servants, great merchants, workers of the fisheries, involved in the fishing, trading and delivering of fish in this time. So with this article, we break with the idea which identified the fishing only with fishing men and boats showing how the medieval society was interested in every economic activity which produced profits.

Critical temperatures and a critical chain length in saturated diacylphosphatidylcholines: calorimetric, ultrasonic and Monte Carlo simulation study of chain-melting/ordering in aqueous lipid dispersions.

Science.gov (United States)

Kharakoz, Dmitry P; Panchelyuga, Maria S; Tiktopulo, Elizaveta I; Shlyapnikova, Elena A

2007-12-01

Chain-ordering/melting transition in a series of saturated diacylphosphatidylcholines (PCs) in aqueous dispersions have been studied experimentally (calorimetric and ultrasonic techniques) and theoretically (an Ising-like lattice model). The shape of the calorimetric curves was compared with the theoretical data and interpreted in terms of the lateral interactions and critical temperatures determined for each lipid studied. A critical chain length has been found (between 16 and 17 C-atoms per chain) which subdivides PCs into two classes with different phase behavior. In shorter lipids, the transition takes place above their critical temperatures meaning that this is an intrinsically continuous transition. In longer lipids, the transition occurs below the critical temperatures of the lipids, meaning that the transition is intrinsically discontinuous (first-order). This conclusion was supported independently by the ultrasonic relaxation sensitive to density fluctuations. Interestingly, it is this length that is the most abundant among the saturated chains in biological membranes.

KEABSAHAN ALAT BUKTI ELEKTRONIK PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO.20/PUU-XVI/2016 DALAM PRESPEKTIF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

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erma lisnawati

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Indonesia is a state of law that upholds of human rights. In the state of law, there is a human rights protection by the state including the privacy of rights. It is referred judicial review of Act No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions, of Article 5 Paragraph (2. To protect the privacy of recording and wiretapping conducted illegally. The Constitutional Court has been issued a ruling of the Constitutional Court No.20/PUU-XVI/2016 which imposes limits on how electronic evidence retrieval and also who is allowed to submit as an evidence in court. The court ruling was appropriate given the absence of norms regulating the procedures for the acquisition and delivery of electronic evidence. In a special lex such as criminal acts Corruption, Money Laundering and Terrorism Crime and Crime and Electronic Information only governs the kinds of electronic evidence alone, as well as the Code of Criminal Law. Indonesia adalah Negara hukum yang menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia. dalam Negara hukum, ada perlindungan hak asasi manusia oleh Negara, termasuk hak pribadi. Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektrokni, Pasal 5 Ayat (2 telah diajukan judisial review pada Mahkamah Konstitusi. Mahkamah Konstitusi telah mengeluarkan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XVI/2016, yang memberikan batasan tentang cara pengambilan alat bukti elektronik yang diperkenankan untuk diajukan dalam proses persidangan. Hal ini, sudah tepat mengingat tidak adanya norma yang mengatur tentang cara perolehan alat bukti elektronik dan siapa yang berhak mengajukan alat bukti elektronik tersebut ke pengadilan. Dalam beberapa undang-undang khusus pedoman tentang alat bukti elektronik hanya mengatur mengenai tindak pidana khusus saja seperti pada Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, Tindak Pidana Terorisme dan Tindak Pidana Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.

Municipio y mercado en el Aragón moderno : el abasto de carne en Zaragoza (siglos XVI-XVII

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José Antonio Mateos Royo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio relativo a la política desarrollada por el Concejo de Zaragoza sobre el mercado de carne durante los siglos XVI y XVII. La prosperidad económica del reino de Aragón, la ciudad y municipio de Zaragoza durante el siglo XVI permitieron aumentar el control público sobre las transacciones de carne para asegurar a la población un suministro suficiente, así como sustentar la demanda local. Sin embargo, el declive económico del reino de Aragón y el creciente endeudamiento municipal durante el siglo XVII obligaron a reducir la presencia pública en el mercado y la defensa de la demanda local en el mercado de carne. El reajuste de la política municipal promovió la paulatina integración del mercado aragonés, proceso que continuó en el siglo XVIII para afianzarse durante la crisis final del Antiguo Régimen.This paper studies municipal politics carried out by the Zaragoza city council concerning the meat market during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Economic prosperity in the kingdom of Aragón, Zaragoza city and council during the sixteenth century allowed to increase public control of meat transactions in order to supply efficiently the population, as well as to support local demand. However, economic decline of the kingdom and raising municipal indebtedness during the seventeenth century led to reduce public intervention and support of local demand on the meat market. Readjustment of municipal politics gradually promoted the integration of the market in Aragón. This process continued during the eighteenth century and became firmly established during the final crisis of the "Ancien Régime".

Electron energy and charge albedos - calorimetric measurement vs Monte Carlo theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lockwood, G.J.; Ruggles, L.E.; Miller, G.H.; Halbleib, J.A.

1981-11-01

A new calorimetric method has been employed to obtain saturated electron energy albedos for Be, C, Al, Ti, Mo, Ta, U, and UO 2 over the range of incident energies from 0.1 to 1.0 MeV. The technique was so designed to permit the simultaneous measurement of saturated charge albedos. In the cases of C, Al, Ta, and U the measurements were extended down to about 0.025 MeV. The angle of incidence was varied from 0 0 (normal) to 75 0 in steps of 15 0 , with selected measurements at 82.5 0 in Be and C. In each case, state-of-the-art predictions were obtained from a Monte Carlo model. The generally good agreement between theory and experiment over this extensive parameter space represents a strong validation of both the theoretical model and the new experimental method. Nevertheless, certain discrepancies at low incident energies, especially in high-atomic-number materials, and at all energies in the case of the U energy albedos are not completely understood

Phase transitions in the urea/n-nonadecane system by calorimetric techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopez-Echarri, A; Ruiz-Larrea, I; Fraile-RodrIguez, A; Diaz-Hernandez, J; Breczewski, T; Bocanegra, E H

2007-01-01

A calorimetric study of urea/n-nonadecane, CO(NH 2 ) 2 /C 19 H 40 , and the deuterated derivatives, CO(ND 2 ) 2 /C 19 D 40 and CO(NH 2 ) 2 /C 19 D 40 , around the structural phase transition temperature is presented. For this purpose differential scanning (DSC), temperature-modulated (AC) and adiabatic calorimetry have been used and the obtained results are compared. Leaving apart the noticeable peak associated with the main phase transition at 158.5, 149.4 and 154 K respectively, small anomalies of the specific heat are found at lower temperatures and their corresponding entropic and enthalpic changes are reported. Heating and cooling experiments show the influence of the temperature rate and the thermal history on the detailed profile of the specific heat traces. The presence of thermal hysteresis and latent heat as a way to characterize the order of the phase transitions is discussed. Finally, a tentative approach to the urea and the alkyl chain contributions to the specific heat and their influence on the phase transition mechanisms is presented

Structural characterization, vibrational spectroscopy accomplished with DFT calculation, thermal and dielectric behaviors in a new organic-inorganic tertrapropylammonium aquapentachlorostannate dihydrate compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hajlaoui, Sondes, E-mail: hajlaouisondes@yahoo.fr [Unité de recherche de la matière condensée, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax (Tunisia); Chaabane, Iskandar [Unité de recherche de la matière condensée, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax (Tunisia); Lhoste, Jérôme; Bulou, Alain [LUNAM Université, Université du Maine, CNRS UMR 6283, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans, Cedex 9 (France); Guidara, Kamel [Unité de recherche de la matière condensée, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax (Tunisia)

2016-09-15

In this work a novel compound tertrapropylammonium aquapentachlorostannate dihydrate was synthesized and characterized by; single crystal X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetric and dielectric measurement. The crystal structure refinement at room temperature reveled that this later belongs to the monoclinic compound with P121/c1 space group with the following unit cell parameters a = 8.2699(3) Å, b = 12.4665(4) Å, c = 22.3341(7) Å and β = 92.94(0)°. The crystal arrangement can be described by stacked organic-inorganic layers in the c direction with two independent water molecules placed between each two layers. The detailed interpretations of the vibrational properties of the studied compound were performed using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP/LanL2DZ basis set, and has enabled us to make the detailed assignments by comparative study of the experimental and calculated Raman and IR spectra. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement disclosed two anomalies in the temperature range 356–376 (T{sub 1}) K and at 393 K (T{sub 2}) characterized by the dehydration of the sample and probably a reconstruction of a new structure after T{sub 2} transition. The temperature dependences of dielectric permittivity show a relaxation process around T{sub 2} anomaly indicating the occurrence of the disorder at high temperature. The dependence of the exponent m(T) on temperature, extracted from the straight lines of log(ε″) with log (ω), suggests that the correlated barrier hopping is the appropriate model for the conduction mechanism. - Highlights: • The single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been performed. • The assignments of the vibration modes based on DFT were reported and discussed. • Differential scanning calorimetric reveals the presence of two endothermic peaks. • The electric permittivity was studied using the impedance measurements. • The CBH is the appropriate model for the conduction

Characterisation of lead-calcium alloys ageing in anisothermal conditions by calorimetric, resistance and hardness in-situ measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rossi, F.; Lambertin, M. [Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LaBoMaP, Cluny (France); Delfaut-Durut, L. [CEA, Centre de Valduc, (SEMP, LECM), Is-sur-Tille (France); Maitre, A. [SPCTS, UFR Sciences et techniques, Limoges (France); Vilasi, M. [LCSM, Univ. Nancy I, Vandoeuvre les Nancy (France)

2010-02-15

Transformations undergone by lead-calcium alloys are numerous and have different kinetics from a few minutes to a few years. Anisothermal calorimetric measurements were performed to be able to identify these transformations quickly. It was then possible to identify five transformations. Complementary measurements have enabled us to define transformations with an in-situ electrical resistance measurement to follow the evolution of the calcium in solid solution and with an in-situ hardness measurement to characterise the mechanical properties. The aim of these results is to simulate the ageing and overageing of the alloy in isothermal conditions. (orig.)

Especulaciones lingüísticas sobre el hebreo en la España del siglo XVI y principios del XVII

OpenAIRE

Perea Siller, Francisco Javier

2003-01-01

Las especulaciones en torno a la lengua hebrea durante el siglo XVI y principios del XVII en España arrojan luz sobre algunos temas principales de la reflexión lingüística de la época: el origen del lenguaje y la identidad de la lengua primitiva, el carácter motivado o arbitrario de las lenguas, el parentesco entre las lenguas primitivas y actuales, y el problema de la lengua más antigua de España. Se han tratado estos temas, dividiendo la tesis en dos partes: la primera analiza las discusion...

Calorimetric investigations of U-Bi system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarwal, Renu; Joshi, A.R.

2013-01-01

U 0.333 Bi 0.667 is a compound that may form on breach of clad during reactor operation with metallic fuel and lead-bismuth coolant. Therefore, enthalpy of mixing of U-Bi liquid solution in limited composition range and enthalpy of formation of U 0.333 Bi 0.667 compound were measured by high temperature calorimetry. The enthalpy of mixing follows subregular solution model and enthalpy of formation U 0.333 Bi 0.667 from U(l) and Bi(l) at 843 K was -52.5 kJ/mol and -40.8 kJ/mol from U(s) and Bi(s) at 298.15 K. Both enthalpy of mixing and enthalpy of formation of intermetallic compound obtained experimentally were compared with Miedema model values. (author)

THE HISTORY AND THE PRESENT OF THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE XVI – XVIII CENTURIES ON THE TERRITORY OF DNIPROPETROVSK IN THE EYES OF STUDENTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LYSENKO G. I.

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract. Statement of the problem. With the enactment of the Law of Ukraine "About the condemnation of the Communist and national socialist (Nazi totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and the prohibition of propaganda of their symbolism", by minimum historical counting, about 800 localities of which at least 24 cities including Dnipropetrovs’k need to be renamed. But the views of residents of the city are divided: some support to keep the old name of the city, changing its semantic load, and there are a lot of people willing to rename the city in Sicheslav, Dniproslav, Kodak and the like. Now it is important to know the opinion of young people in the city and region who create their future and that of their children. The analysis of the research. The history of the settlements of the XVI – XVIII centuries on the territory of the future Katerynoslav (Dnipropetrovs’k became the subject of study of many scientists since the nineteenth century. In the years of independence more and more historians declare the necessity of the revision of the chronology of the history of our city, taking into account the earlier settlements, which undoubtedly influenced both the development of the region and the future provincial city. The purpose of this article is to determine the degree of influence of the settlements of the XVI – XVIII centuries on later (including modern history of Katerynoslav (Dnipropetrovs’k in the minds of the youth of the city. Conclusion. The analysis of the settlements of the XVI-XVIII centuries testifies to the active urban processes that took place in our region in the Cossack-Hetman days. This important stage in the history of our city enriches us, its current inhabitants, with facts about the distant past which we should not only remember and pass on to our descendants, but also recover through the reconstruction of the defining architectural features. The results of a survey among students to determine their views regarding the

Importance of 241 Am Determination in the Characterization of PuO2 Standards for Calorimetric Assay.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sampson, Thomas E.

2005-01-01

Plutonium dioxide (PuO{sub 2}) standards are often used both as heat standards and isotopic standards for calorimetric assay. Calorimetric assay is the combination of the power in watts measured in a calorimeter with the effective specific power (P{sub eff}) in watts/g Pu, determined either by nondestructive gamma-ray assay or by destructive mass spectrometry, to yield the total elemental plutonium mass in the sample. To use a PuO{sub 2} sample as a heat standard for calorimetry, one must determine both the plutonium mass and P{sub eff} with very small uncertainties and then calculate the sample watts from the known plutonium mass, specific powers, and isotopic composition. Well-characterized PuO{sub 2} standards have plutonium mass values determined by analytical chemistry with a precision and accuracy on the order of 0.1%-0.2% relative to the total mass of the sample. Mass spectrometry, typically used to determine the isotopic fractions of plutonium standards, is very accurate and precise for the major isotopes but is somewhat less precise for low-abundance isotopes. The characterization of the {sup 241}Am/Pu ratio in the standard is also of great importance because {sup 241}Am can contribute significantly to P{sub eff} and to the heat output of the standard. The determination of the {sup 241}Am/Pu ratio in a plutonium-bearing sample is a process that is less standardized than mass spectrometry. There are no certified reference materials (CRMs) traceable to the national measurement system for {sup 241}Am in plutonium, and routine analytical {sup 241}Am/Pu ratio measurements often exhibit uncertainties of several percent relative to the total plutonium or greater.

La desamortización en la institución parroquial. La Parroquia de San Sebastian, Villa de Agüimes. Siglos XVI-XIX

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Candelaria Castro Pérez

2016-12-01

Evidenciándose una interconexión entre la Iglesia y el Estado y consecuentemente un acercamiento entre la Contabilidad Privada y la Contabilidad Pública. Con el propósito de analizar el efecto de estas medidas, tomadas por el Estado para desmantelar la economía eclesiástica, estudiamos los registros contables (Cuentas de fábrica pertenecientes a la parroquia de San Sebastián en la Villa de Agüimes, en la isla de Gran Canaria, durante los siglos XVI-XIX.

Investigation of interaction of phosphorotungstenvanadium heteropolyacids with sodium hydroxide by the methods of calorimetric and potentiometric titration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ganelina, E.Sh.; Borgoyakov, S.A.

1985-01-01

Interaction of phosphorotungstenvanadium heteropolyacids (HPA) with alkali (NaOH) is studied by the methods of calorimetric and potentiometric titration. Three stages are singled out: 1) neutralization of ''strong'' hydrogen atoms with a constant thermal effect of 52.0+-1.6 kJ/mol; 2) neutralization of ''weak'' protons, which acidity constant is of order 10 -2 ; 3) interaction of NaOH with hydrogen atoms combined with the internal sphere of HPA, and completed by HPA destruction. The data obtained are compared with the results, calculating the composition of polymer particles inside HPA, and they are discussed from the view point of their micellar structure

La educación para la paz: Una asignatura pendiente. Las aportaciones de Benedicto XVI

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Antonio Alonso

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El mensaje de Benedicto XVI para la XLV Jornada Mundial de la Paz, titulado "Educar a los jóvenes en la justicia y la paz", ha puesto sobre la mesa la pregunta de si es posible evitar las guerras y cuáles serían los instrumentos más eficaces para ello. Uno de los principales pilares que ayudan a sostener la estabilidad del sistema internacional es la educación, entendida, por un lado, como un proceso por el cual se van adquiriendo conocimientos y destrezas para el desempeño de las funciones propias en el mercado laboral, y también, por otro lado, como un proceso de asimilación, por parte de las nuevas generaciones, de unos valores y de unos criterios que les ayuden a la construcción de un orden social más justo y, por ende, más estable.

José María Díez Borque, dir., Álvaro Bustos Táuler and Elena Di Pinto Revuelta, eds., Hacia el gracioso: Comicidad en el teatro español del siglo XVI

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Jesús Gómez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Review of José María Díez Borque, dir., Álvaro Bustos Táuler and Elena Di Pinto Revuelta, eds., Hacia el gracioso: Comicidad en el teatro español del siglo XVI, Visor Libros, Madrid, 2014, 236 pp. ISBN: 9788498951547.

Calorimetric evidence for two distinct molecular packing arrangements in stable glasses of indomethacin.

Science.gov (United States)

Kearns, Kenneth L; Swallen, Stephen F; Ediger, M D; Sun, Ye; Yu, Lian

2009-02-12

Indomethacin glasses of varying stabilities were prepared by physical vapor deposition onto substrates at 265 K. Enthalpy relaxation and the mobility onset temperature were assessed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Quasi-isothermal temperature-modulated DSC was used to measure the reversing heat capacity during annealing above the glass transition temperature Tg. At deposition rates near 8 A/s, scanning DSC shows two enthalpy relaxation peaks and quasi-isothermal DSC shows a two-step change in the reversing heat capacity. We attribute these features to two distinct local packing structures in the vapor-deposited glass, and this interpretation is supported by the strong correlation between the two calorimetric signatures of the glass to liquid transformation. At lower deposition rates, a larger fraction of the sample is prepared in the more stable local packing. The transformation of the vapor-deposited glasses into the supercooled liquid above Tg is exceedingly slow, as much as 4500 times slower than the structural relaxation time of the liquid.

Calorimetric features of IgM gammopathies. Implication for patient’s diagnosis and monitoring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krumova, Sashka; Todinova, Svetla; Danailova, Avgustina [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia (Bulgaria); Petkova, Violeta; Dimitrova, Keranka; Gartcheva, Lidia [National Specialized Hospital for Active Treating of Haematological Diseases, Sofia 1756 (Bulgaria); Taneva, Stefka G., E-mail: stefka.germanova@ehu.es [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia (Bulgaria); Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080 Bilbao (Spain)

2015-09-10

Highlights: • DSC reveals distinct calorimetric features for IgM gammopaties. • Calorimetry sets of IgM multiple myeloma and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia patients. • DSC features correlate with the level of involved IgM heavy/light chains. • DSC and “Heavylite” are complementary methods for patients diagnostics/monitoring. - Abstract: The serum proteome of patients featuring immunoglobulin M (IgM) gammopathy and diagnosed as having IgM multiple myeloma or Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and HevyLite™ (HLC) assay. The thermodynamic properties of the thermograms and their deviation from the typical healthy thermogram were found to correlate with the monoclonal protein concentration and the level of the involved (monoclonal) IgM heavy/light chains. Patients monitoring during treatment showed that the variations in the shape of the DSC profiles corresponded to fluctuations of the IgM heavy/light chain levels verifying the two parameters as non-invasive markers for disease progression.

Los esclavos y la inquisición (sigloXVI

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José Luis CORTÉS LÓPEZ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El negro, como libre o como esclavo, fue un componente más de la sociedad española del siglo XVI. Como miembro de la misma estuvo sometido al control de las instituciones religiosas y políticas y, si era esclavo, fue un simple objeto de la voluntad de sus dueños. La Inquisición también le persiguió, y aunque éste no tenía una personalidad jurídica definida, fue considerado como persona con una formación religiosa adecuada y, por eso, juzgado por los responsables inquisitoriales. Hacemos aquí una primera aproximación en esta peculiar relación e insistimos en que los procesos inquisitoriales son también una fuente útil para estudiar ciertos aspectos y circunstancias de la vida del negro en aquella época.ABSTRACT: The Negro, as a free man or as slave, was an additional component in Spanish society during the 16th century. As member of this society he was subjected to the control of the political and religious institutions and if he was a slave, he was simply at the disposal of his master's will. The Inquisition also persecuted him and although he didn't have an officially recognized status, he was considered to be as person with a suitable religious grounding and was therefore judged accordingly by those in charge of the Inquisition. Here we approach this peculiar relationship for the first time and we emphasize that the inquisitorial trials are also an useful source enabling us to study certain aspects and circumstances in the Negro's life at that time.

Development of a calorimetric system for electron beam dosimetry in radiation processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banados P, H.E.

1994-01-01

A calorimetric system for electron beam dosimetry in radiation processing was developed. The system is composed of a graphite core calorimeter, the temperature measuring and electrical calibrating instrumentation, a microcomputer and the software for the system automation. The research aimed at the optimization of the project parameters, the development of advanced methodologies for calibrating the temperature sensor, the determination of the thermal capacity as a function of the temperature, the measurement of the absorbed dose, and the development of the software needed for the system operation. The operating range extends from 0.1 kGy to 30 kGy. The uncertainty in the measurement of the absorbed dose was estimated to be ± 1.8% at the 95% confidence level. Comparative tests of the absorbed dose measurements were made using the IPEN electron accelerator. The results obtained showed an excellent agreement between the absorbed dose determined by the calorimeter and the absorbed dose calculated from the nominal power delivered by the accelerator. (author). 67 refs, 63 figs, 2 tabs

Electrical properties, phase transitions and conduction mechanisms of the [(C{sub 2}H{sub 5})NH{sub 3}]{sub 2}CdCl{sub 4} compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohamed, C. Ben; Karoui, K. [Laboratory of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171- 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Saidi, S. [Laboratory of Materials, Organization and Properties (LMOP), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis-El Manar University, 2092 Tunis (Tunisia); Guidara, K. [Laboratory of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171- 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Rhaiem, A. Ben, E-mail: abdallahrhaiem@yahoo.fr [Laboratory of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171- 3000 Sfax (Tunisia)

2014-10-15

The [(C{sub 2}H{sub 5})NH{sub 3}]{sub 2}CdCl{sub 4} hybrid material was prepared and its calorimetric study and electric properties were investigated at low temperature. The X-ray powder diffractogram has shown that the compound is crystallized in the orthorhombic system with Abma space group, and the refined unit cell parameters are a=7.546 Å, b=7.443 Å, and c=21.831 Å. The calorimetric study has revealed two endothermic peaks at 216 K and 357 K, which are confirmed by the variation of f{sub p} and σ{sub dc} as a function of temperature. The equivalent circuit based on the Z-View-software was proposed and the conduction mechanisms were determined. The obtained results have been discussed in terms of the correlated barrier hopping model (CBH) in phase I (low temperature (OLT)), non-overlapping small polaron tunneling model (NSPT) in phase II (room temperature (ORT)) and the overlapping large polaron tunneling model in phase III (high temperature (OHT)). The density of localized states N{sub F}(E) at the Fermi level and the binding energy W{sub m} were calculated. The variation of the dielectric loss log(ε″) with log(ω) was found to follow the empirical law, ε″=B ω{sup m(T)}.

La esperanza de vida en la ciudad de México (siglos XVI al XIX

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Lourdes Márquez Morfín

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Se contrastan los diferentes escenarios demográficos construidos a partir del análisis de varias series osteológicas procedentes de la ciudad de México cuya temporalidad corresponde a los siglos xvii al xix, conformada por criollos, mestizos e indígenas; y otra procedente de un área rural fechada en el siglo xvi, en Xochimilco, de composición eminentemente indígena. La técnica paleodemográfica permite obtener perfiles demográficos específicos para cada serie que se comparan y discuten con la información histórica disponible para la ciudad de México. Los resultados de las series urbanas y la rural, describen poblaciones con bajas esperanzas de vida, escasa sobrevivencia hacia las edades adultas y una alta mortalidad infantil producto de las condiciones sanitarias, de la pobreza y de la violencia, teniendo como telón de fondo grandes cambios sociales y económicos, además de crisis demográficas epidémicas y hambre.

Sujeto e ideología en el relato ejemplar (Calila e Dimna, Cap. XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Funes

2000-11-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se propone describir con cierto detalle el modo en que un texto ejemplar de la Edad Medía castellana "trabaja" ideológicamente. Para ello se analiza el capítulo XVI del Calda e Dimna, traducción alfonsí del árabe Kalila wa Dimna realizada entre 1251 y 1261, poniendo de relieve el tipo de subjetividad que el texto propone a su público para que, una vez asumido, pueda leerse el texto y situarse en el mundo. Al mismo tiempo, utilizando el cuadrado semiótico según la reformulación de Jameson, se despliega el haz de relaciones significativas que conforman el texto como dispositivo ideológico. La peculiar ubicación de la nobleza y de la naciente burguesía en el orden social diseñado por el texto, junto con la promoción de la figura regia por encima de la estructura estamental, revelan la filiación estrictamente alfonsí del sustento ideológico del Calila e Dimna.

His Majesty Carl XVI Gustav, King of Sweden, Honorary President of the World Scout Foundation, and about 80 fellows, on the occasion of the 48th World Baden-Powell Fellowship Event on Saturday, 18th September 2004

CERN Multimedia

Patrice Loiez

2004-01-01

His Majesty Carl XVI Gustav, King of Sweden, Honorary President of the World Scout Foundation, and about 80 fellows, on the occasion of the 48th World Baden-Powell Fellowship Event on Saturday, 18th September 2004

Calorimetric signatures of human cancer cells and their nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Todinova, S. [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria); Stoyanova, E. [Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzarigradsko shose Blvd. 73, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria); Krumova, S., E-mail: sakrumo@gmail.com [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria); Iliev, I. [Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria); Taneva, S.G. [Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113 (Bulgaria)

2016-01-10

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Two temperature ranges are distinguished in the thermograms of cells/nuclei. • Different thermodynamic properties of cancer and normal human cells/nuclei. • Dramatic reduction of the enthalpy of the low-temperature range in cancer cells. • Oxaliplatin and 5-FU affect the nuclear matrix proteins and the DNA stability. - Abstract: The human cancer cell lines HeLa, JEG-3, Hep G2, SSC-9, PC-3, HT-29, MCF7 and their isolated nuclei were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The calorimetric profiles differed from normal human fibroblast (BJ) cells in the two well distinguished temperature ranges—the high-temperature range (H{sub T}, due to DNA-containing structures) and the low-temperature range (L{sub T}, assigned to the nuclear matrix and cellular proteins). The enthalpy of the L{sub T} range, and, respectively the ratio of the enthalpies of the L{sub T}- vs. H{sub T}-range, ΔH{sub L}/ΔH{sub H}, is strongly reduced for all cancer cells compared to normal fibroblasts. On the contrary, for most of the cancer nuclei this ratio is higher compared to normal nuclei. The HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells/nuclei differed most drastically from normal human fibroblast cells/nuclei. Our data also reveal that the treatment of HT-29 cancer cells with cytostatic drugs affects not only the DNA replication but also the cellular proteome.

Sorption of organic chemicals at biogeochemical interfaces - calorimetric measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Krüger, J.; Lang, F.; Siemens, J.; Kaupenjohann, M.

2009-04-01

Biogeochemical interfaces in soil act as sorbents for organic chemicals, thereby controlling the degradation and mobility of these substances in terrestrial environments. Physicochemical properties of the organic chemicals and the sorbent determine sorptive interactions. We hypothesize that the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals ("R-determined" chemicals) is an entropy-driven partitioning process between the bulk aqueous phase and biogeochemical interface and that the attachment of more polar organic chemicals ("F-determined" chemicals) to mineral surfaces is due to electrostatic interactions and ligand exchange involving functional groups. In order to determine thermodynamic parameters of sorbate/sorbent interactions calorimetric titration experiments have been conducted at 20˚ C using a Nanocalorimeter (TAM III, Thermometric). Solutions of different organic substances ("R-determined" chemicals: phenanthrene, bisphenol A, "F-determined" chemicals: MCPA, bentazone) with concentrations of 100 mol l-1 were added to suspensions of pure minerals (goethite, muscovite, and kaolinite and to polygalacturonic acid (PGA) as model substance for biofilms in soil. Specific surface, porosity, N and C content, particle size and point of zero charge of the mineral were analyzed to characterize the sorbents. The obtained heat quantities for the initial injection of the organic chemicals to the goethite were 55 and 71 J for bisphenol A and phenanthrene ("R-determined representatives") and 92 and 105 J for MCPA and bentazone ("F-determined" representatives). Further experiments with muscovite, kaolinite and PGA are in progress to determine G and H of the adsorption process.

Scientific approach to the specific liturgical features in the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Caban

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Artykuł dotyczy pontyfikatu papieża Benedykta XVI i jego wkładu w dziedzinie liturgii. Zwraca uwagę na różne fakty rozwijające się w duchu autentyczności i wierności względem liturgii rzymskokatolickiej, na możliwości liturgicznej formy rytów, na nowe motu proprio i na użycie języka łacińskiego w liturgii zachodniej. Artykuł pragnie dać obraz pontyfikatu obecnego papieża w relacji do duszpasterskiej posługi w parafiach. Chce ukazać, że liturgia w jej różnorodności nie jest nigdy krokiem wstecz, ale przejawem autentyczności i wierności względem orędzia Chrystusa.

El arte del bordado en Navarra en los siglos XVI y XVII: Andrés de Salinas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andueza Pérez, Alicia

2003-09-01

Full Text Available Given its classification as a decorative art, and its perception as mere artisanal work, scarce attention has been given to embroidery. Nevertheless, fortunately, in recent years there has been a resurgence of studies on this theme. This article, following these new trends, attempts to clarify certain aspects of this activity in the Navarre region during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Dada su condición de arte decorativa, y su consideración como una labor meramente artesanal, la atención que se le ha prestado al bordado es escasa. Por suerte, en los últimos años estamos asistiendo a un resurgir de los estudios sobre el tema. Este artículo, siguiendo estas nuevas tendencias, pretende esclarecer algunos aspectos sobre esta actividad en la Navarra de los siglos XVI y XVII.

Calorimetric investigation of Pb-Bi system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarwal, Renu; Jat, Ram Avtar; Sen, B.K.

2008-01-01

Enthalpy increment of Pb 0.71 Bi 0.29 compound was determined using high temperature Calvet calorimeter. The data was fit into the following polynomial equation. ΔH(T-298.15 K) J/mol = -10384.96 + 39.23 T - 0.014T 2 - 18970/T. By precipitation method, the enthalpy of formation of the compound of composition Pb 0.68 Bi 0.32 at 448 K, from Pb(l) and Bi(l) was determined to be -2450± 50 J/mol and from Pb(s) and Bi(s) at 298.15 K was calculated to be 4047 J/mol. (author)

Estudio de las interacciones OHÏ€ por espectroscopia infrarroja y calorimetría de solución

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Nelly Rodríguez C.

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Se estudiaron las interacciones moleculares del tipo OH . . . Ï€ existentes entre algunos fenoles y el benceno, usando como solvente tetracloruro de carbono a 25°C, mediante calorimetría de solución y espectroscopia infrarroja. Las entalpias de formación de los complejos, calculadas por métodos calorimétricos en base a las ecuaciones de Bolles-Drago y de Lamberts-Zeegers-Huyskens y de acuerdo a los datos de constantes de equilibrio obtenidos por el método infrarrojo, resultaron ser del orden de —1 a —2 kcal/mol, valores que las sitúan entre las uniones más débiles.

Determinación de un polimorfo de la cimetidina mediante la calorimetría diferencial de barrido

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Luis Martínez Álvarez

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Se estableció la diferencia entre 2 sustancias de masa molecular similar -la cimetidina A y la B-, pero de estructuras internas distintas, mediante el empleo de la técnica de calorimetría diferencial de barrido donde solamente una de ellas, la cimetidina B, posee la actividad farmacológica requerida, es decir, cumple con las especificaciones de la farmacopea.The difference between two substances of similar mollecular mass but of different internal structuras -cimetidine A and B- was established by using the differential scanning calorimetry. It was proved that only one of them, cimetidine B, has the required pharmacological activity, which means that it fulfills the pharmacopoeia specifications.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis on remains of a putative son of Louis XVI, King of France and Marie-Antoinette.

Science.gov (United States)

Jehaes, E; Decorte, R; Peneau, A; Petrie, J H; Boiry, P A; Gilissen, A; Moisan, J P; Van den Berghe, H; Pascal, O; Cassiman, J J

1998-01-01

Carl Wilhelm Naundorff was buried in 1845 in Delft as Louis Charles, Duc de Normandie, 'Louis XVII'. However, the son of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette-Louis XVII--officially died in the Temple of Paris in 1795. In order to resolve the identity of Naundorff, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences of his remains were compared with the sequences obtained from the hairs of two sisters of Marie-Antoinette, Marie-Antoinette herself, and with the sequences obtained from DNA samples of two living maternal relatives. The mtDNA sequence of a bone sample from Naundorff showed two nucleotide differences from the sequences of the three sisters and four differences from the sequences of living maternal relatives. Based on this evidence it becomes very unlikely that Naundroff is the son of Marie-Antoinette.

Studies of atomic collisions in solids by means of calorimetric techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andersen, H.H.

1974-10-01

The results of the application of the calorimetric technique to measure the way in which the energy of particles passed through a thin foil and stopped within a solid block is disturbed between the foil and the block are presented. This measurement gives the relative energy loss of the projectile in the foil and hence, since the foil thickness is measured independently, the stopping power. Radiation-damage measurements are discussed. In these measurements, the same cryostat as that employed in the stopping-power measurements was used. The foil was left out and the block remained as a very efficient dosimetry device. Furthermore, a number of experimental complications must be taken into account when damage is measured. Finally, results are presented of the measurement of energy distribution between two systems, this time performed at room temperature. The measurements are not nearly as accurate as those performed at low temperatures, but the physical property studied, the energy reflected from a solid surface bombarded with low-energy heavy ions (sputtering efficiency) could hardly be studied in any other way. The thesis is a summary of thirteen publications on energetic-particle calorimetry, all these papers being reproduced as appendices to the main text. (B.R.H.)

Ressenya a Rosa Mª Gregori Roig, La impressora Jerònima Galés i els Mey (València, segle XVI, València, Generalitat Valenciana-Biblioteca Valenciana, 2012, 611 pp. ISBN:978-84-482-5722-4

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Estefania Ferrer del Río

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Review to Rosa Mª Gregori Roig, La impressora Jerònima Galés i els Mey (València, segle XVI, València, Generalitat Valenciana-Biblioteca Valenciana, 2012, 611 pp. ISBN:978-84-482-5722-4.

Pinturas, espacios y realidades complejas: un breve acercamiento a tres versiones indígenas del territorio novohispano de finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII

OpenAIRE

Vicente Amparan, Martha

2016-01-01

Durante el Virreinato, las sociedades indígenas vivieron un reordenamiento territorial que las alejó de sus antiguos asentamientos para ser congregadas en “pueblos de indios”, de acuerdo con los patrones de asentamiento impuestos por los conquistadores. La nueva organización generó conflictos por la tierra y por el espacio que quedaron plasmados en las pinturas de finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII, elaboradas por un tlacuiloque. En ellas podemos apreciar la manera en que los indios ...

La dote matrimonial a finales del siglo xvi: el caso de la provincia de pamplona en el nuevo reino de granada (1574-1630)

OpenAIRE

Gamboa, Jorge Augusto

2010-01-01

Una de las prácticas más llamativas en el estudio del sistema de matrimonios de la sociedad colonial neogranadina durante los siglos XVI y XVII es la costumbre, arraigada sobre todo en las clases altas, de entregar las novias a sus maridos acompañadas de una serie de bienes. Esta costumbre, conocida como la "Dote", no era un legado exclusivamente español, ya que se dio en regiones como la China, la India y la Europa mediterránea desde tiempos muy remotos hasta bien entrada la época moderna. I...

Calorimetric Low-Temperature Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy on Trapped Highly-Charged Heavy Ions

Science.gov (United States)

Kilbourne, Caroline; Kraft-Bermuth, S.; Andrianov, V.; Bleile, A.; Echler, A.; Egelhof, P.; Ilieva, S.; Kilbourne, C.; McCammon, D.

2012-01-01

The application of Calorimetric Low-Temperature Detectors (CLTDs) has been proposed at the Heavy-Ion TRAP facility HITRAP which is currently being installed at the Helmholtz Research Center for Heavy Ion Research GSI. This cold ion trap setup will allow the investigation of X-rays from ions practically at rest, for which the excellent energy resolution of CLTDs can be used to its full advantage. However, the relatively low intensities at HITRAP demand larger solid angles and an optimized cryogenic setup. The influence of external magnetic fields has to be taken into account. CLTDs will also be a substantial part of the instrumental equipment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Heavy Ion Research (FAIR), for which a wide variety of high-precision X-ray spectroscopy experiments has been proposed. This contribution will give an overview on the chances and challenges for the application of CLTDs at HITRAP as well as perspectives for future experiments at the FAIR facility.

Reactivity of Monolayer Protected Silver Clusters Towards Excess Ligand: A Calorimetric Study

KAUST Repository

Baksi, Ananya

2017-10-31

Reactivity of monolayer protected atomically precise clusters of noble metals is of significant research interest. Till date very few experimental data are available on the reaction thermodynamics of such clusters. Here we report a calorimetric study of the reaction of glutathione (GSH) protected silver clusters in presence of excess ligand, GSH using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). We have studied Ag11(SG)7 and Ag32(SG)19 clusters and compared their reactivity with GSH protected silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver ions. Clusters show intermediate reactivity towards excess ligand com-pared to nanoparticles and silver ions. Several control experiments were performed to understand the degradation mech-anism of these silver clusters and nanoparticles. Effect of dissolved oxygen in the degradation process was studied in de-tail and found that it did not have a significant role, although alternate pathways of degradation with the involvement of oxygen cannot be ruled out. Direct confirmation of the fact that functionalized metal clusters fall in-between NPs and atomic systems in their stability is obtained experimentally for the first time. Several other thermophysical parameters of these clusters were also determined including, density, speed of sound, isentropic compressibility and coefficient of thermal expansion.

Experiencias de calorimetría diferencial de barrido en aleaciones Al-Si

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Carolina López-Eckerdt

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La observación de agujas características de una transformación displaciva en aleaciones U-Al-Si en el entorno del compuesto U3Si5 evidencia la necesidad de analizar las distintas transformaciones que ocurren durante el enfriamiento utilizando una técnica dinámica de identificación de transformaciones (calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Para evaluar la versatilidad de esta técnica, se estudiaron aleaciones Al-Si con concentraciones de Si entre 0,6% y 7,1% en peso. Se determinaron las temperaturas liquidus y eutéctica de cada aleación y se estimó la entalpía de formación de los precipitados de Si y de la reacción eutéctica. Los resultados reproducen las temperaturas de ambas reacciones según el diagrama de equilibrio del sistema binario Al-Si. Para el cálculo de las entalpías de transformación resulta indispensable obtener el porcentaje de fase transformada por otras técnicas de caracterización una vez finalizado el ensayo.

Calorimetric investigation on mechanically activated storage energy mechanism of sphalerite and pyrite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao Zhongliang; Chen Qiyuan; Yin Zhoulan; Hu Huiping; Wu Daoxin

2005-01-01

The structural changes of mechanically activated sphalerite and pyrite under different grinding conditions were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analyzer and elemental analysis. The storage energy of mechanically activated sphalerite and pyrite was measured by a calorimetric method. A thermochemical cycle was designed so that mechanically activated and non-activated minerals reached the same final state when dissolved in the same oxidizing solvent. The results show that the storage energy of mechanically activated sphalerite and pyrite rises with increased in grinding time, and reaches a maximum after a certain grinding period. The storage energy of mechanically activated pyrite decreases when heated under inert atmosphere. The storage energy of mechanically activated sphalerite and pyrite remains constant when treated below 573 K under inert atmosphere. The percentage of the storage energy caused by surface area increase during mechanical activation decreases with increasing grinding time. These results support our opinion that the mechanically activated storage energy of sphalerite is closely related to lattice distortions, and the mechanically activated storage energy of pyrite is mainly caused by the formation of reactive sites on the surface

Development of a superconducting transition edge thermometer for calorimetric detection of heavy ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meier, J; Boehmer, W; Egelhof, P; Henning, W; Kienlin, A v [Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt (Germany) Mainz Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physik; Shepard, K W [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)

1991-10-01

A low temperature bolometer for the calorimetric detection of heavy ions was constructed and tested. An aluminium thin-film microstrip, patterned in a meander-line structure by photolithographic techniques, serves as superconducting transition edge thermometer on a sapphire absorber. A transition width {delta}T of the thermometer of the order of some mK, and a resistance of up to R{sub c} = 60 k{Omega} at the working point (T{sub c} {approx equal} 1.5 K) is achieved. In tests with {alpha}-particles signals of typically 1 V pulseheight after the preamplifier and decaytimes around hundred {mu}s were observed. For 5.5 MeV {alpha}-particles the measured energy resolution is {Delta}E = 50 keV, corresponding to a temperature resolution of about 1 {mu}K. First measurements were performed with {sup 20}Ne ions (E = 116 MeV). The dependence of the pulseheight and the FWHM on the working point were investigated and qualitatively explained. The best energy resolution was {Delta}E = 2.6 MeV; most probably the present limitations are determined by the temperature stabilization. (orig.).

Rutas de circulación e intercambio de sal en la provincia de Tunja, segunda mitad del siglo XVI

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Blanca Ofelia Acuña Rodriguez

2018-02-01

Full Text Available A través de este texto se pretende dar a conocer cómo las rutas de circulación de sal en la Provincia de Tunja contribuyeron a configurar un gran espacio económico, que integró a las provincias de Santa Fe, Pamplona y Tunja en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, durante el siglo XVI. Se partió de una reflexión historiográfica relacionada con la circulación y el comercio de la sal, los medios de transporte y las rutas usadas por los indígenas y los españoles; a partir de las cuales se consolidó un espacio económico mediado por la producción y distribución de la sal, que convirtió a la provincia de Tunja en un eje articulador de relaciones entre los sitios productores de sal en la provincia de Santa Fe y los consumidores de las provincias de Tunja y Pamplona. Esta articulación regional facilitó tanto la circulación de productos de distintos pisos térmicos, como la integración de un amplio territorio colonial. Esto debido a que la localización de Tunja como lugar de paso y conexión entre las Provincias de Santafé, Pamplona y los Llanos de San Juan, hizo de esta ciudad y sus términos un atractivo para el asentamiento hispano, a la vez que generó, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, la posibilidad para que se organizaran en toda la Provincia de Tunja, sitios de aposento, venta y reventa de productos importados de España y productos de la tierra, para el sustento y abastecimiento de las necesidades básicas, y de esta forma sacar provecho de las producciones locales como la sal, el hayo, el algodón, las mantas y otros productos.

La producción de armas blancas en Bilbao durante el siglo XVI

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Dueñas Beraiz, Germán

2001-12-01

Full Text Available They are few notices published about swords manufacture in Spain during the 16th century. One of the most unknown productions centers is the city of Bilbao, wich developed an important production of arms in part destined to its export to the British Islands. This article studies some documents, it is specialy interesting an unpublished document about the litigation hold up in 1569 between Bilbao swordsmiths and the «Corregidor» from Bilbao. Thanks of them it has been posible to compile names, marks and information about the activity of this craftsmen.

Son escasas las noticias que poseemos sobre las zonas donde se fabricaban espadas en España. Uno de los centros más desconocidos es el de la ciudad de Bilbao, que desarrolló durante todo el siglo XVI, una importante producción de armas en parte destinadas a su exportación a las Islas Británicas. Gracias a una serie de documentos, entre los que figura uno inédito que recoge el pleito que los espaderos de Bilbao mantuvieron en 1569 con el Corregidor de Vizcaya, se han podido recoger algunos nombres y datos que permiten conocer más sobre la actividad de estos artesanos.

Un libelo antijudío en la literatura popular impresa del siglo XVI

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Sánchez Pérez, María

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In this article there is edited and studied an anti-Jewish blood libel preserved in a Spanish poetic chapbook («pliego suelto» of the 16th century and attributed to the blind traditional poet («ciego coplero» Francisco González de Figueroa. Thanks to a tracking of diverse medieval and contemporary sources, Hispanic and foreign, related to the accusations of ritual murder against Jews, we have verified that this narration is a more link of a long chain of anti-Jewish blood libels arisen in Europe, which had a wide and extensive diffusion for several centuries.En este artículo se edita y estudia un libelo antijudío conservado en un pliego suelto poético del siglo XVI y atribuido al ciego coplero Francisco González de Figueroa. Gracias a un rastreo de diversas fuentes medievales y coetáneas, hispánicas y extranjeras, relacionadas con las acusaciones de crímenes rituales contra los judíos, hemos comprobado que esta narración es un eslabón más de una larga cadena de libelos de sangre antijudíos surgidos en Europa, que tuvieron una amplia y dilatada difusión durante varios siglos.

Crystal, magnetic, calorimetric and electronic structure investigation of GdScGe1-x Sb x compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Guillou, F.; Pathak, A. K.; Hackett, T. A.; Paudyal, D.; Mudryk, Y.; Pecharsky, V. K.

2017-12-01

Experimental investigations of crystal structure, magnetism and heat capacity of compounds in the pseudoternary GdScGe-GdScSb system combined with density functional theory projections have been employed to clarify the interplay between the crystal structure and magnetism in this series of RTX materials (R  =  rare-earth, T   =  transition metal and X  =  p-block element). We demonstrate that the CeScSi-type structure adopted by GdScGe and CeFeSi-type structure adopted by GdScSb coexist over a limited range of compositions 0.65 ≤slant x ≤slant 0.9 . Antimony for Ge substitutions in GdScGe result in an anisotropic expansion of the unit cell of the parent that is most pronounced along the c axis. We believe that such expansion acts as the driving force for the instability of the double layer CeScSi-type structure of the parent germanide. Extensive, yet limited Sb substitutions 0 ≤slant x disappearance of the induced magnetic moments on Sc. For the parent antimonide, heat capacity measurements indicate an additional transition below the main antiferromagnetic transition.

Bilis humano como ofrenda al Rey: Las costumbres de Champa a finales del siglo XVI según los documentos españoles y chinos

OpenAIRE

Yu-Chung Lee, Fabio

2014-01-01

El reino de Champa, llamado Linyi en lengua china antigua, prosperó por su ubicación dentro de las rutas de comercio de China y el sureste de Asia. Con el crecimiento de Vietnam durante el siglo XV su poder disminuyó y la gente se retiró al norte del Río Mekong para resistir los ataques de las fuerzas de Cochinchina. Como resultado, es poco lo que puede encontrarse sobre la historia de Champa en obras referidas al sureste de Asia a partir del siglo XVI. Sin embargo, el reino de Champa mant...

Investigation of Thermal Behavior for Natural Fibres Reinforced Epoxy using Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetric Analysis

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Fauzi F.A.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presented the research works on the investigation of the thermal behavior of the natural fibres; i.e. pineapple leaf fibre, kenaf fibre and mengkuang fibres reinforced epoxy. The thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis were used to measure the thermal behavior of the treated and untreated pineapple, kenaf and mengkuang fibres reinforced epoxy. The samples for both analysis were subjected to maximum temperature 600°C at the heating rate of 10°C/min. The results showed that the treated fibres show higher maximum peak temperature as compared to the untreated fibres. Additionally, the glass transition temperature showed a lower value for all treated fibre. It can be concluded that investigation of thermal properties of these natural fibres could improve the utilization of natural fibre composites in various applications i.e. sports applications.

Introducción al estudio tipológico de las espadas españolas: siglos XVI-XVII

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Dueñas Beraiz, Germán

2004-12-01

Full Text Available This article pretends to reflect on the spanish swords from 16^th and 17^th centuries. The history of this production has been eclipsed by Toledo fame. The identification of spanish types have been mainly made according its marks, signatures and some typologies, but little is know about another centers. Therefore this article studies the variety and richness of the spanish contemporary productions, not only from Toledo.

Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre las espadas españolas de los siglos XVI y XVII. La historia de esta producción ha sido eclipsada por la fama de Toledo. La identificación de los tipos españoles se ha basado en sus marcas, firmas y algunas tipologías, pero se sabe muy poco sobre otros centros productores. Por ello este artículo aborda la variedad y riqueza de las producciones españolas contemporáneas, no sólo de Toledo.

Uposażenie i działalność gospodarcza klasztoru kanoników regularnych w Trzemesznie do początku XVI wieku

OpenAIRE

Dorszewski, Przemysław

2013-01-01

Zasadniczym celem niniejszej dysertacji było przedstawienie rozwoju uposażenia i działalności gospodarczej w dobrach klasztoru kanoników regularnych w Trzemesznie od czasów fundacji do początku XVI wieku. Na pierwszym planie ukazano majątek ziemski oraz źródła dochodów, które stanowiły materialną podstawę i służyły zabezpieczeniu długiej żywotności każdej placówki klasztornej w średniowieczu. Przedstawienie rozwoju uposażenia doprowadziło do ustalenia jego faz rozwojowych (określenie uposażen...

Geant4 simulation of the Elekta XVI kV CBCT unit for accurate description of potential late toxicity effects of image-guided radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brochu, F M; Burnet, N G; Jena, R; Plaistow, R; Thomas, S J; Parker, M A

2014-01-01

This paper describes the modelisation of the Elekta XVI Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) machine components with Geant4 and its validation against calibration data taken for two commonly used machine setups. Preliminary dose maps of simulated CBCTs coming from this modelisation work are presented. This study is the first step of a research project, GHOST, aiming to improve the understanding of late toxicity risk in external beam radiotherapy patients by simulating dose depositions integrated from different sources (imaging, treatment beam) over the entire treatment plan. The second cancer risk will then be derived from different models relating irradiation dose and second cancer risk. (paper)

A micromachined calorimetric gas sensor: an application of electrodeposited nanostructured palladium for the detection of combustible gases.

Science.gov (United States)

Bartlett, Philip N; Guerin, Samuel

2003-01-01

Palladium films with regular nanoarchitectures were electrochemically deposited from the hexagonal (H1) lyotropic liquid crystalline phase of the nonionic surfactant octaethyleneglycol monohexadecyl ether (C16EO8) onto micromachined silicon hotplate structures. The H1-e Pd films were shown to have high surface areas (approximately 28 m2 g(-1)) and to act as effective and stable catalysts for the detection of methane in air on heating to 500 degrees C. The response of the H1-e Pd-coated planar pellistors was found to be linearly proportional to the concentration of methane between 0 and 2.5% in air with a detection limit below 0.125%. Our results show that the electrochemical deposition of nanostructured metal films offers a promising approach to the fabrication of micromachined calorimetric gas sensors for combustible gases.

Adiabatic calorimeter with static vacuum for the measurement of the heating of in- pile materials; Calorimetre adiabatique a vide statique pour la mesure d'echauffements de materiaux en pile

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brun, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

After having reviewed the various interaction processes occurring between radiations present in nuclear reactors and matter, the author describes the different calorimetric methods which may be used for measuring the energy absorbed in the materials. He then gives a detailed description of the adiabatic calorimeter, the associated measurement device and the calibration methods which have been chosen. He finally gives values for the heating produced at various experimental positions in the reactors EL-2 and EL-3 for several materials currently used in reactor construction. (author) [French] Apres avoir passe en revue les differents processus d'interaction des rayonnements, existant dans les reacteurs nucleaires, avec la matiere, l'auteur decrit les differentes methodes calorimetriques qui peuvent etre utilisees pour mesurer l'energie absorbee dans les materiaux. II presente ensuite en detail le calorimetre adiabatique, le dispositif de mesure associe et les methodes d'etalonnage qui ont ete retenus. Enfin il donne des valeurs d'echauffement dans divers emplacements experimentaux des piles EL-2 et EL-3 pour differents materiaux d'utilisation courante dans les reacteurs. (auteur)

Paisaje forestal y representación social en Castilla (siglos XIV-XVI. Los montes de San Salvador de Oña (Burgos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco REYES TÉLLEZ

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este artículo es tratar de analizar la representación social del paisaje forestal perteneciente al señorío del monasterio de San Salvador de Oña (Burgos, durante los siglos XIV-XVI, a partir de las descripciones que se realizan del mismo en la documentación judicial relacionada con pleitos, pesquisas, etc. por el uso y aprovechamiento de los bosques y montes, para procurar conocer cuál era la construcción simbólica de esos paisajes de los distintos agentes sociales, e intentar valorar si esa forma de aproximarnos al territorio nos puede aportar nuevos enfoques o posibilidades de interpretación en el estudio de esa realidad.

Militares en el Mundo Urbano Fronterizo Castellano (siglos XVI-XVII Soldiers within the frontier urban communities of Castile (XVI-XVII centuries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susana TRUCHUElO GARCÍA

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se estudian diversos espacios urbanos fronterizos y costeros que albergaban presidios reales en Castilla en los siglos XVI y XVII. Se valoran las prácticas de gobierno que relacionaron, por una parte, a los vecinos, sujetos a la jurisdicción de los alcaldes y el corregidor, y, por otra, a los soldados, beneficiados por el fuero militar. Muchas de las discordias estuvieron causadas por las competencias de jurisdicción entre los distintos poderes, por el aumento de atribuciones de los militares en los contextos bélicos, por el control ejercido por los militares en las milicias concejiles y por la participación de los soldados en las instituciones de gobierno de la ciudad. Este estudio nos permite comprender el proceso de definición de una identidad particular en las ciudades fronterizas, sustentada en la exclusión de la comunidad de todo elemento que intentara segregarse del marco de acción de las autoridades urbanas y de la jurisdicción ordinaria.From different viewpoints, this article analyzes urban frontier coastal spaces in early modern Castile (16th and 17th centuries. The central focus is on the government practices that had to deal with quite different affairs, but mainly on arbitration of conflicts between urban neighbors and soldiers. The first were under the main magistrate so-called Corregidor jurisdiction, helped in this task by alcaldes (a special variety of mayors. The soldiers had specific military jurisdiction apart from that ordinary for the neighborhood. Many disputes were jurisdictional conflicts due to military special competences in war contexts, when the army widened its powers to control council regiments (milicias concejiles, and also to deal with the military participation in urban in institutions and government. These problems analysis points out the features that create a particular urban-frontier identity, based on the definition of urban community with the exclusion of individuals, groups and

Theoretical and experimental study of a calorimetric technique for measuring energy deposition in materials caused by complex pile irradiation; Etude theorique et experimentale d'une technique calorimetrique de mesure des depots d'energie dans les materiaux dus au rayonnement complexe de pile

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mas, P; Sciers, P; Droulers, Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique. Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, 38 - Grenoble (France)

1962-07-01

Calorimetric methods may be used to measure gamma fluxes greater than 10{sup 6} r/h near the cores of swimming pool reactors. The theory, design, and properties of isothermal calorimeters are discussed, and experimental results obtained with two types are presented. Measurement of energy deposition in materials and the long term integration of energy depositions are other uses of these devices. Results of measurements on heat deposition in steel and water are given. Fluxes were also measured. (authors) [French] Une premiere partie traite de la theorie des calorimetres isothermes mis en oeuvre au C.K.N. Grenoble. La puissance deposee dans le calorimetre par les flux de rayonnement echauffe celui-ci. L'echauffement est mesure a l'aide d'un thermocouple. On montre que l'on a ainsi une mesure absolue de cette puissance. Une deuxieme partie traite de l'etude experimentale de: deux types d'appareils utilises: leur construction, les resultats experimentaux, leurs utilisations. Trois de celles-ci sont particulierement interessantes: - la mesure des hauts flux gamma, - la mesure du depot d'energie dans les materiaux, - l'integration pendant une longue duree des depots d'energie (un modele de calorimetre a fonctionne a ce jour 2 500 heures et a integre 9 x 10 puissance 10 rads gamma et 6 x 10 puissance 18 neutrons rapides). La troisieme partie est consacree a l'etude des qualites de l'appareil: robustesse, fidelite, precision, sensibilite, gamme de mesure. Enfin dans la derniere partie sont decrites deux applications de la methode calorimetrique a la mesure du depot d'energie dans un acier special et dans l'eau. (auteurs)

Specific binding of a dihydropyrimidinone derivative with DNA: Spectroscopic, calorimetric and modeling investigations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Gongke; Yan Changling; Wang Dongchao; Li Dan; Lu Yan

2012-01-01

One of the dihydropyrimidinone derivative 5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-6-methyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) -3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (EMMD) was synthesized, and its binding properties with calf-thymus DNA (ctDNA) were investigated using spectroscopic, viscometric, isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) and molecular modeling techniques. Fluorescence spectra suggested that the fluorescence enhancement of the binding interaction of EMMD to ctDNA was a static process with ground state complex formation. The binding constant determined with spectroscopic titration and ITC was found to be in the same order of 10 4 M −1 . According to the results of the viscosity analysis, fluorescence competitive binding experiment, fluorescence quenching studies, absorption spectral and ITC investigations, it can be concluded that EMMD is intercalative binding to ctDNA. Furthermore, the results of molecular modeling confirmed those obtained from spectroscopic, viscosimetric and ITC investigations. Additionally, ITC studies also indicated that the binding interaction is predominantly enthalpy driven. - Highlights: ► Medically important dihydropyrimidinones derivative EMMD is synthesized. ► EMMD is intercalative binding into ctDNA helix. ► Hydrogen bonding may play an essential role in the binding of EMCD with ctDNA. ► This binding interaction is predominantly enthalpy driven.

Calorimetric and spectroscopic properties of small globular proteins (bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin) after free radical generation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farkas, N.; Belagyi, J.; Lorinczy, D.

2003-01-01

Mild oxidation of -SH-containing proteins (serum albumin, hemoglobin) by Ce(IV)-ions in the presence of the spin trap phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) resulted in the appearance of strongly immobilized nitroxide free radicals which evidences the formation of thiyl radicals on the thiol site of the proteins. In hydroxyl free radical generating system a fraction of strongly immobilized nitroxide radicals was also detected in these proteins, which implies that the oxidation of a fraction of the thiol groups was also involved in the free radical reaction. According to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments the melting processes of the proteins were calorimetrically irreversible, therefore the two-state kinetic model was used to evaluate the experiments. The results support the view that site-specific interaction of SH-containing proteins with hydroxyl and thiyl free radicals is able to modify the internal dynamics of proteins and affect the conformation of large molecules

Calorimetric approach of lanthanides (3) complexation and extraction by malonamides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flandin, J.L.

2001-01-01

In the field of long lived radionuclides separation, diamides are interesting extractants because of their ability to co-extract trivalent lanthanides and actinides, which is a preliminary and essential step in high level radioactive waste reprocessing. The research carried out contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms and the aim is the determination of thermodynamics properties (Δ r G, Δ r H et Δ r S) related to the complexation and the extraction of lanthanides(III) by malonamides. The first part of the document deals with the complexation of lanthanides(III) by an hydrosoluble diamide. The experimental results obtained by UV-visible spectrometry, TRLIF, NMR and microcalorimetric titration proved that lanthanides(III)-TEMA interactions in aqueous medium are very weak and that the complexation reaction is endothermic. The TEMA ligand still stays in the second coordination sphere of coordination of the lanthanide ion. The second part of this study focuses on the extraction of neodymium(III) nitrate by a lipophilic diamide which is an exothermic reaction. The influence of the composition of aqueous and organic phases on the thermodynamics properties Δ r G et Δ r H has been studied by microcalorimetric titration. The most influent parameter is the total concentration in extractant. As a consequence, thermodynamic values are very dependent on the organic phase organisation before and alter extraction. At the same time, this study showed the interest of the calorimetric approach for the analysis of basic reactions like diamide dilution and their organisation as oligomeric aggregates. (author)

The Arian controversy in the Homilies of the Patriarch Photios (Homilies XV and XVI

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Afinogenov Dmitrii

2014-08-01

Full Text Available In his two homilies dedicated to the Arian controversy (the only surviving of the original five Photios uses different methods to actualize the matter for the broad Byzantine public, mainly in connection with the patriarch’s main concern during his fi rst tenure: the polemics against Iconoclasm. The Arianism was chosen as a purely logical juxtaposition to the latter, where the real gradual progress of iconoclast tendencies is compared to a theoretical construction of Arianism which has little to do with the actual developments in the IVth century. The comparison of the Iconoclast heresiarch John the Grammarian to Arius is chiefly aimed at justifying the permanent deposition of Iconoclast priests even in case of repentance, declared by the Patriarch Nikephoros in 815 and carried out by Methodios in 843. The triadological considerations in the Homily XVI do not in fact pertain to anti- fi lioque polemics, but rather represent a traditional Eastern conception. This, as well as the intense and negative attention to the Council of Sardica suggest the date 861, when Photios had to argue against the applicability of this council’s 10th canon to his promotion to patriarch from a layman.

X-ray fluorescence analysis of yellow pigments in altarpieces by Valencian artists of the XV and XVI centuries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrero, J.L.; Roldan, C.; Ardid, M.; Navarro, E.

1999-01-01

XRF analysis has allowed a quick and precise detection and identification of the inorganic elements that compose the yellow pigments in altarpieces of the XV and XVI centuries painted by the Valencian artists Miguel Alcaniz, Vicente Macip, Juan de Juanes, Hernando Yanez de la Almedina and Hernando Llanos. The analyses have been carried out with an XRF portable system that consists of a tube of X-rays and detectors of Si(Li) and cadmium zinc telluride. This system has enabled a non-aggressive and non-destructive analysis of many pieces at the Museo de Bellas Artes of Valencia (Spain). Among the yellow pigments we have identified a pigment composed by lead and tin oxides named lead-tin yellow (Pb 2 SnO 4 ), frequently used in European paintings from the XIV century until the first half of the XVIII century. This fact demonstrates the influence of elements and pictorial techniques from Europe to the region of Valencia

El estrecho de Magallanes como antesala del Pacífico: evolución cartográfica y toponimia entre los siglos XVI y comienzos del XVIII

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Moreno Jeria, Rodrigo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The Strait of Magellan was one of the geographical areas which generated more attention in the cartographers during the XVI and XVII centuries. In fact, for the Chilean case, together with Chiloe and Valdivia, the Magellanic region is the most represented. The reasons are both navigational and strategic purposes. That means that the surviving examples on public and private archives of several countries are comparatively abundant. The present study shows a new piece, which forms part of a navigational chart or «Derrotero» that is conserved in the Historical Archive of the Peruvian Navy, whose dating is roughly the early XVII century, although showing geographical representations from the previous century.El estrecho de Magallanes fue uno de los territorios que mayor atención despertó en los cartógrafos de los siglos XVI y XVIII. De hecho, para el caso chileno, junto a Chiloé y Valdivia, el territorio magallánico es el más importante en cuanto a representación geográfica, siendo razones de navegación así como estratégicas las que explican la gran cantidad de fuentes cartográficas existentes en archivos públicos y privados nacionales como extranjeros. El presente estudio da a conocer una nueva pieza que forma parte de un derrotero que se conserva en el Archivo de la Marina de Guerra del Perú, cuya datación aproximada es de comienzos del siglo XVII, aunque con representaciones geográficas del siglo anterior.

El clero y el delito de proposiciones en Zacatecas: los errores manifestados en los sermones, siglos XVI y XVII

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Georgina Quiñones Flores

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El delito de proposiciones consistía en las expresiones que refl ejaban puntos contrarios con la doctrina de la Iglesia católica. Por ello, pertenecía a la jurisdicción del Santo Ofi cio, que recibió denuncias incluso contra el clero por cometer esta transgresión, sobre todo durante los sermones, por lo que se cree que causaban confusión entre los oyentes. Pero ¿realmente provocaban escándalo entre la población o solo entre los eclesiásticos?, ¿acaso se trataba de errores de entendimiento por la poca instrucción de los predicadores?, o ¿se usaba el púlpito para expresar los confl ictos de la Iglesia? A estas preguntas se les dará respuesta en este texto, que se ubica en Zacatecas en los siglos XVI y XVII.

Analysis of the Hazardous Material Reutilization Facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego

Science.gov (United States)

1990-12-01

soprene * styrene methyl acrylate methyl methacrylate *turpentine? varnish 9 GROUP IV: OXIDES AND PEROXIDE -rORKING COMPOUNDS a) Gases b) Liquids...lead fluorine GROUP XV: POISON a GROUP XVI: OXIDIZERS .a) Solid a) Solid phosphorus red ammonium nitrate phosphorus white/, ammonium perchlorate yellow

Calorimetric examination of hydrofracture grouts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stinton, D.P.; Berger, R.L.

1985-01-01

A hydrofracture grout sample obtained during the SI-10 injection campaign was studied by calorimetry. The calorimetry curve of this grout was compared with laboratory-produced grout containing simulated wastes. Initiation of the cement-water reaction for the actual grout was delayed several days by the presence of a large quantity of boron in the waste. Although the hydration of cement was delayed, eventually the cement reacted with water and the grout hardened. This test indicates the potential need to analyze sludges for compounds known to retard cement hydration. 10 references, 5 figures, 4 tables

Moscow Autocracy of XVI - XVII Centuries: Eastern ‘’Despotism’’ or an Early Modern European Monarchy?

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Vasilij A. Zajcev

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The article considers the problems related to the peculiarities of the Russian state political and legal development during the early New Time (XVI-XVII centuries in a comparative-historical aspect against the background of similar processes taking place in neighboring European states. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite certain, dictated by objective reasons (first of all, the conditions for the emergence and subsequent development, there are more common features than the differences between the processes of the political and legal sphere development in Russia and Western Europe. The fact that this community escaped from the view of researchers is related, in the authors' opinion, to the fact that foreign observers, describing the political system of an early Russian state, dealt only with an outer shell, while its internal contents remained if not a secret, then, in any case, a mystery for them. They were not admitted to the Russian political cuisine, and therefore the details of Russian political and legal institution functioning remained unavailable to them.

Robert Muchembled. El Orgasmo y Occidente. Una Historia del Placer desde el Siglo XVI a nuestros días. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2008, 425 págs.

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Diana Crucelly González Rey

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El orgasmo, la voluptuosidad, el disfrute, solían ser un tema tabú en occidente. Robert Muchembled presenta esta historia social, producto de su estancia académica en el Institute for Advanced Study de Princenton, en un extenso argumento que abarca desde el Renacimiento en los siglos XVI y XVII hasta nuestros días en lo que el autor ha denominado “el triunfo del narcisismo”.

Un Enquiridion de Erasmo desconocido y un raro ejemplar del Libro de Albeytería de Francisco de la Reyna adquiridos por la Biblioteca Universitaria de Zaragoza, nuevas adiciones a la tipobibliografía aragonesa del siglo XVI

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Moralejo Álvarez, María Remedios

2011-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo da cuenta de la adquisición, por la Biblioteca Universitaria de Zaragoza, de dos raros impresos aragoneses del siglo XVI: un Enquiridion de Erasmo, de Jorge Coci, 1529, hasta ahora absolutamente desconocido, y el ejemplar del Tratado de Albeytería de Francisco de la Reina, que con toda probabilidad perteneció al "Bibliófilo Aragonés", Juan M. Sánchez. Incluye el estudio y la descripción bibliográfica de ambos para incorporar a la tipobibliografía aragonesa del siglo XVI.The paper is about the acquisition, by the University Library of Saragossa, of two rare 16th Century Aragonese prints: An Enchiridion of Erasmus by Jorge Coci, 1529, to date completely unknown, and the copy of the 'Tratado de Albeytería' by Francisco de la Reyna, which, in all likelihood, belonged to the 'Aragonese Bibliophile', Juan M. Sánchez. It includes the bibliographic study and description of both so as to form part of 16th Century Aragonese typo bibliography.

Hidalgos del Ribeiro de Avia: la casa de Candendo en San Miguel de Lebosende (Leiro, siglos XVI-XVII

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Rodríguez Palmeiro, Iago

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to present the first results of our investigations concerning the Gonzalez Candendo family, native to San Miguel de Lebosende, council of Leiro. Its history goes back to the late sixteenth century and ends in the early eighteenth, with its union to a secondary branch of Quiroga Garza family. To this end, we will base our analysis on two main points: the genealogy and heritage, essential mainstays to understand the origin and socio-economic development of its members. Our aim is to provide a small contribution to the understanding of this social group in the rural area of Ourense and, by extension, in the inland Galicia.El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer los primeros resultados de nuestras investigaciones al respecto de la familia González Candendo, oriunda de San Miguel de Lebosende, ayuntamiento de Leiro. Su historia se remonta hasta finales del siglo XVI y concluye en los inicios del XVIII, con su unión a una rama secundaria de los Garza Quiroga de Tor. A tal efecto, basaremos nuestro análisis en dos puntos principales: la genealogía y el patrimonio, pilares fundamentales para comprender el origen y la evolución socio-económica de sus miembros. Con ello pretendemos brindar una pequeña contribución al conocimiento de este grupo social en el área rural orensana y, por extensión, en la Galicia interior. [gl] O propósito deste artigo é dar a coñecer os primeiros resultados das nosas investigacións respecto da familia González Candendo, oriúnda de San Miguel de Lebosende, concello de Leiro. A súa historia remóntase até finais do século XVI e conclúe nos inicios do XVIII, coa súa unión a unha rama secundaria dos Garza Quiroga de Tor. Con tal obxecto, basearemos a nosa análise en dous puntos principais: a xenealoxía e o patrimonio, alicerces fundamentais para comprender a orixe e a evolución socioeconómica dos seus membros. Con iso pretendemos brindar unha pequena contribuci

Calorimetric and computational study of 7-hydroxycoumarin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sousa, Clara C.S.; Matos, M. Agostinha R.; Morais, Victor M.F.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Experimental standard molar enthalpies of formation, sublimation of 7-hydroxycoumarin. → Combustion calorimetry, sublimation microcalorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry. → DFT calculations, MC3BB and MC3MPW methods have been performed for the compound and its isomers. → Computational estimation of enthalpies of formation of 5-, 6-, and 8-hydroxycoumarin. - Abstract: The standard (p o = 0.1 MPa) molar energy of combustion in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, of 7-hydroxycoumarin was measured by static bomb calorimetry. The value of the standard molar enthalpy of sublimation was obtained by Calvet microcalorimetry and corrected to T = 298.15 K. Combining these results, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound, in the gas phase, at T = 298.15 K, has been calculated, -(337.5 ± 2.3) kJ . mol -1 . The values for the temperature of fusion, T fusion , and for the fusion enthalpy, at T = T fusion , are also reported. Additionally, high-level density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation energy functional with extended basis sets, the MC3BB and MC3MPW methods and more accurate correlated computational techniques of the MCCM suite have been performed for the compound. The agreement between experiment and theory gives confidence to estimate the enthalpy of formation of the remaining hydroxycoumarins substituted in the benzene ring.

Calorimetric measurement of heat load in full non-inductive LHCD plasmas on TRIAM-1M

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hanada, K.; Shinoda, N.; Sugata, T.; Sasaki, K.; Zushi, H.; Nakamura, K.; Sato, K.N.; Sakamoto, M.; Idei, H.; Hasegawa, M.; Kawasaki, S.; Nakashima, H.; Higashijima, A.

2007-01-01

Calorimetric measurements using the temperature increment of cooling-water were carried out to estimate the heat load distribution on the plasma facing components (PFCs) in the limiter discharges on TRIAM-1M. Line averaged electron density, n e , and LH power, P LH , dependences of the heat load on PFCs were measured. The heat load on the limiters was proportional to n e 1.5 in the range of n e =0.2-1.0x10 19 m -3 and P LH 1 in the range of P LH =0.005-0.09MW. For P LH >0.1MW, the plasma transition to an enhanced current drive (ECD) mode appeared and the n e dependences on the heat load on the limiter moderated. This indicates that the heat flux to scrape-off layer (SOL) region was reduced due to the improvement of the plasma confinement. The up-down asymmetry of the heat load on the vacuum vessel was enhanced in the ECD mode, which may be caused by the increasing of the direct loss of energetic electrons

a Calorimetric Study of the Precipitation Hardening Mechanisms in AN Al-Cu-Mg-Si Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Hayoune, Abdelali

2013-08-01

The precipitation phenomena and the related hardening in an Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy were studied by calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis and microhardness measurements. The main calorimetric peaks were identified to be due to β‧‧, θ‧ and Q‧ phases precipitation. The hardening during aging at room temperature and 160°C, was respectively, explained by atomic clusters and GP zones formation and by GP zones and β‧‧/θ‧ phases coprecipitation. Although the mechanical properties variation during aging at 200°C is simple, the corresponding microstructural evolution is complex: on the basis of the DSC results, the increasing of microhardness values, is mainly due to the coprecipitation of GP zones and β‧‧/θ‧ phases, however, the maximum hardening is explained by the coexistence of β‧‧/θ‧ and θ‧‧ phases. Another important conclusion is that during aging at 160°C and 200°C, the θ‧ phase is essentially developed from GP zones.

Thermodynamic study of rhodamine 123-calf thymus DNA interaction: determination of calorimetric enthalpy by optical melting study.

Science.gov (United States)

Masum, Abdulla Al; Chakraborty, Maharudra; Pandya, Prateek; Halder, Umesh Chandra; Islam, Md Maidul; Mukhopadhyay, Subrata

2014-11-20

In this paper, the interaction of rhodamine123 (R123) with calf thymus DNA has been studied using molecular modeling and other biophysical methods like UV-vis spectroscopy, fluoremetry, optical melting, isothermal titration calorimetry, and circular dichroic studies. Results showed that the binding energy is about -6 to -8 kcal/mol, and the binding process is favored by both negative enthalpy change and positive entropy change. A new method to determine different thermodynamic properties like calorimetric enthalpy and heat capacity change has been introduced in this paper. The obtained data has been crossed-checked by other methods. After dissecting the free-energy contribution, it was observed that the binding was favored by both negative hydrophobic free energy and negative molecular free energy which compensated for the positive free energies due to the conformational change loss of rotational and transitional freedom of the DNA helix.

El adulterio y la violencia femenina en algunos pliegos sueltos poéticos del siglo XVI

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Sánchez-Pérez, María

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to study the depiction of adultery and female violence in poetic chapbooks of the 16th century. By going over several cases we will show that adulterous women perform all kinds of atrocities and killings to enjoy her lover freely. Occasionally she will murder her husband, but also anyone who comes between their relationship. The image we get, then, is that of a lustful, cruel and dangerous woman, according to the mentality of the time.El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el tratamiento del adulterio y la violencia femenina en pliegos sueltos poéticos del siglo XVI. Mediante un recorrido por varios casos veremos cómo la mujer adúltera comete todo tipo de atrocidades y asesinatos para gozar libremente de su amante. En ocasiones asesinará al marido, pero también a todos aquellos que se interpongan en su relación. Se nos presenta así la imagen de una mujer libidinosa, cruel y peligrosa, de acuerdo con la concepción y la mentalidad de la época.

Frontera, ciudad y plaza pública americana del siglo XVI: escritura, violencia y statu quo deseado en cronistas españoles de la conquista

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Álvaro Félix Bolaños

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El dominio colonial sobre el Nuevo Mundo se inició a través de prácticas ampliamente ceremoniales -poniendo cruces, estandartes, banderas y escudos de armas- marchando en procesiones, recogiendo tierra, midiendo las estrellas, trazando mapas, expresando algunas palabras especiales, o permaneciendo en silencio. Aunque la fuerza militar aseguró efectivamente su poder sobre el Nuevo Mundo, los europeos de los siglos XVI y XVII también creyeron en su derecho a dominar. Y se crearon esos derechos para sí mismos por medio de la exposición simbólica de palabras y gestos significativos, unas veces antes, otras después o simultáneamente con la conquista militar.

Supramolecular interaction of 6-shogaol, a therapeutic agent of Zingiber officinale with human serum albumin as elucidated by spectroscopic, calorimetric and molecular docking methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Feroz, S R; Mohamad, S B; Lee, G S; Malek, S N A; Tayyab, S

2015-06-01

6-Shogaol, one of the main bioactive constituents of Zingiber officinale has been shown to possess various therapeutic properties. Interaction of a therapeutic compound with plasma proteins greatly affects its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The present investigation was undertaken to characterize the interaction between 6-shogaol and the main in vivo transporter, human serum albumin (HSA). Various binding characteristics of 6-shogaol-HSA interaction were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. Thermal stability of 6-shogaol-HSA system was determined by circular dichroism (CD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques. Identification of the 6-shogaol binding site on HSA was made by competitive drug displacement and molecular docking experiments. Fluorescence quench titration results revealed the association constant, Ka of 6-shogaol-HSA interaction as 6.29 ± 0.33 × 10(4) M(-1) at 25 ºC. Values of the enthalpy change (-11.76 kJ mol(-1)) and the entropy change (52.52 J mol(-1) K(-1)), obtained for the binding reaction suggested involvement of hydrophobic and van der Waals forces along with hydrogen bonds in the complex formation. Higher thermal stability of HSA was noticed in the presence of 6-shogaol, as revealed by DSC and thermal denaturation profiles. Competitive ligand displacement experiments along with molecular docking results suggested the binding preference of 6-shogaol for Sudlow's site I of HSA. All these results suggest that 6-shogaol binds to Sudlow's site I of HSA through moderate binding affinity and involves hydrophobic and van der Waals forces along with hydrogen bonds. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

An assessment by calorimetric calculations of the potential thermal benefit of warming and humidification of insufflated carbon dioxide.

Science.gov (United States)

Roth, Jonathan V; Sea, Stephanie

2014-06-01

Heat transfer from a patient to warm and humidify insufflated carbon dioxide (CO2) during laparoscopic surgery may contribute to perioperative hypothermia. The magnitude of this effect was calculated using calorimetric calculations. Warming to 37°C and humidifying to 100%, each 100 L of insufflated CO2 would prevent a heat transfer of 3220 calories, which would result in a decrease of temperature by 0.06°C in a 70 kg patient after total body distribution of heat. We conclude that the thermal benefit of warming and humidifying insufflated CO2 is minor, particularly in comparison with other effective and inexpensive perioperative technologies, some of which are not always used out could easily be used. The decision to use heating and humidification of insufflated CO2 should be based on its other risks, benefits, and costs.

Evaluating the accuracy of the XVI dual registration tool compared with manual soft tissue matching to localise tumour volumes for post-prostatectomy patients receiving radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campbell, Amelia; Brown, Elizabeth; Pryor, David; Lehman, Margot; Owen, Rebecca; Bernard, Anne

2015-01-01

Cone beam computerised tomography (CBCT) enables soft tissue visualisation to optimise matching in the post-prostatectomy setting, but is associated with inter-observer variability. This study assessed the accuracy and consistency of automated soft tissue localisation using XVI's dual registration tool (DRT). Sixty CBCT images from ten post-prostatectomy patients were matched using: (i) the DRT and (ii) manual soft tissue registration by six radiation therapists (RTs). Shifts in the three Cartesian planes were recorded. The accuracy of the match was determined by comparing shifts to matches performed by two genitourinary radiation oncologists (ROs). A Bland–Altman method was used to assess the 95% levels of agreement (LoA). A clinical threshold of 3 mm was used to define equivalence between methods of matching. The 95% LoA between DRT-ROs in the superior/inferior, left/right and anterior/posterior directions were −2.21 to +3.18 mm, −0.77 to +0.84 mm, and −1.52 to +4.12 mm, respectively. The 95% LoA between RTs-ROs in the superior/inferior, left/right and anterior/posterior directions were −1.89 to +1.86 mm, −0.71 to +0.62 mm and −2.8 to +3.43 mm, respectively. Five DRT CBCT matches (8.33%) were outside the 3-mm threshold, all in the setting of bladder underfilling or rectal gas. The mean time for manual matching was 82 versus 65 s for DRT. XVI's DRT is comparable with RTs manually matching soft tissue on CBCT. The DRT can minimise RT inter-observer variability; however, involuntary bladder and rectal filling can influence the tools accuracy, highlighting the need for RT evaluation of the DRT match.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of arsenic and mercury in human remains of the XVI-XVII centuries from the Moscow Kremlin necropolises by neutron activation analysis at the IREN facility and the IBR-2 reactor of FLNP, JINR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panova, T.D.; Dmitriev, A.Yu.; Borzakov, S.B.; Khramko, K.

2017-01-01

The neutron activation analysis (NAA) of three samples of human remains of the XVI-XVII centuries from the necropolises of the Moscow Kremlin has been carried out at FLNP JINR. The samples were irradiated at two facilities: at the IREN source of resonance neutrons and at the IBR-2 reactor. Spectra of induced activity of the irradiated samples were measured by using the automatic measurement system developed at FLNP JINR. This system consists of a high-purity germanium detector with spectrometric electronics, a sample changer, and a control software. Mass fractions of arsenic, mercury and other elements were calculated by relative and absolute NAA methods. The obtained values confirmed the fact of an acute mercury poisoning of the first wife of Tsar Ivan Vasilievich the Terrible - Tsarina Anastasia Romanovna. Increased mercury content was detected in the bone remains of the son of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich, and Prince M. V. Skopin-Shuisky. The obtained results allow us to introduce into scientific circulation the exact values of mass fraction of mercury, arsenic and some other elements in the samples from the graves of Russian historical figures of the second half of XVI - early XVII centuries. [ru

Calorimetric study at different temperatures of iodine adsorption from organic solutions on outgassed 'eta' alumina and bayerite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Della Gatta, G.; Stradella, L.; Venturello, G.

1977-01-01

The adsorption of iodine from solution in n-pentane at 27 0 C and in cyclohexane at 35 0 C and 50 0 C on eta-Al 2 O 3 and bayerite outgassed at R.T. has been studied with a calorimetric technique. The measurements were performed by means of a Calvet type calorimeter using a new cell conceived for the adsorption from solution. The integral molar energies of adsorption show, at low coverages, a very strong interaction of iodine with surface hydroxyl groups, possibly leading to charge-transfer complexes and reactions. A peculiar exothermic effect has been also evidenced before the monolayer completion, in correspondence with a 'step' on the adsorption isotherms. This result is interpreted in terms of cooperative adsorption implying the possible formation of surface clusters around the strongly absorbed molecules. On non-porous samples (bayerite) the adsorption temperature rise decrease the total amounts adsorbed. But on porous ones (eta-Al 2 O 3 ) the adsorption is increased. (orig./HK) [de

Optimization studies on the calorimetric second level tau trigger of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

CERN Document Server

Perez Codina, Estel

2008-01-01

Moving to the high energy regime of LHC, the identification of tau leptons will become an important and very powerful tool, allowing the discovery of physics beyond the Standard Model. Many models, light SM Higgs and various SUSY models among them, predict an abundant production of taus with respect to other leptons. The ATLAS collaboration has developed tools to efficiently identify tau at trigger level, based on the advanced calorimetry and tracking capabilities. The work presented in this Master Thesis is focused on the optimization of the first trigger level energy thresholds and the second trigger level calorimetric variables. A systematic optimization is designed, which allows us to study the robustness of the trigger selection. The improvements achieved by using a sampling energy calibration are discussed. Finally, an optimization on the size of the calorimeter region used to calculate the trigger variables is performed.

The impact of extreme weather conditions on the life of settlers in the Central Russia in X - XVI centuries

Science.gov (United States)

Graves, Irina; Nizovtsev, Viacheslav; Erman, Natalia

2017-04-01

resulted in crop damage and famine. From the XIV century the little Ice Age began. Year average temperature becomes lower by 1.4°C and summer temperature - by 2-3°C. In the XIV century the chronicles mentioned a total of 100 extreme natural phenomena, as a result of which Russia experienced more than 37 years of famine. The climate was particularly variable in late XIV - early XV century and XVI - XVII centuries, when there were years of particularly cold winters and increased humidity (due to winter precipitation). The duration of the crop growing season was reduced by three weeks. At the beginning of the XVII century spruce became dominant in the spruce-deciduous forests and co-dominant in deciduous forests. There was a transfer of settlements and agricultural land to interfluve areas and higher river valleys. The determining factors were demographic, socio-economic and historical factors, but the role of natural factors cannot be overlooked. The end of the XVI century was marked by the most severe political and economic crisis in the Russian State (oprichnina (political and administrative apparatus established by Ivan IV) and Livonian Wars by Ivan IV), which, combined with deteriorating environmental conditions (increased humidity of the climate, the average annual temperature drop) caused massive desolation of the lands. Many hundreds of villages turned into wasteland. In this period the Moscow land was reported as a "wild desert, covered with shrubs, bogs and imbanks", there were also memories of the past navigation on small rivers, data on mills on the streams. The climate deterioration caused the agrarian revolution in Russia in XIV-XVI centuries. Slash-and-burn and shifting cultivation was replaced by plow farming system (two- and three-field), which was more adapted to the harsh climatic conditions. The work is performed under project № 17-05-00662of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research

Calorimetric low - temperature detectors for high resolution X-ray spectroscopy on stored highly stripped heavy ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bleile, A.; Egelhof, P.; Kraft, S.; Meier, H.J.; Shrivastava, A.; Weber, M.; McCammon, D.; Stahle, C.K.

2001-09-01

The accurate determination of the Lamb shift in heavy hydrogen-like ions provides a sensitive test of quantum electrodynamics in very strong Coulomb fields, not accessible otherwise. For the investigation of the Lyman-α transitions in 208 Pb 81+ or 238 U 91+ with sufficient accuracy, a high resolution calorimetric detector for hard X-rays (E ≤ 100 keV) is presently being developed. The detector modules consist of arrays of silicon thermistors and of X-ray absorbers made of high-Z material to optimize the absorption efficiency. The detectors are housed in a specially designed 3 He/ 4 He dilution refrigerator with a side arm which fits to the internal target geometry of the storage ring ESR at GSI Darmstadt. The detector performance presently achieved is already close to fulfill the demands of the Lamb shift experiment. For a prototype detector pixel with a 0.2 mm 2 x 47 μm Pb absorber an energy resolution of ΔE FWHM = 65 eV is obtained for 60 keV X-rays. (orig.)

Comparison of the Thermal Response of Two Calorimetric Cells Dedicated to Nuclear Heating Measurements during Calibration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brun, J.; Reynard, C.; De-Vita, C.; Carette, M.; Muraglia, M.; Lyoussi, A.; Fourmentel, D.; Guimbal, P.; Villard, J-F.

2013-06-01

Nuclear heating is a key parameter which contributes to the thermal design and the quality of in-pile experiments performed in Material Testing Reactors (MTRs) for the study of nuclear materials and fuels under irradiation. Nuclear heating is typically measured in MTRs by radiometric calorimeters. However this kind of sensor has to be suited and improved in perspective of the new experimental conditions inside the channels of Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR). In this paper, we study the responses of two non adiabatic differential calorimeter cells having the same geometric design, but different dimensions. These experimental works are carried out during a preliminary out-of-pile calibration operating procedure of these sensors which consists in simulating the sample heating by Joule effect. The influence of the imposed electrical power and of the forced cooling flow is determined on the sensor calibration curves. A more sensitive sensor leads to a quadratic calibration curve. This behavior difference of the two calorimetric configurations is explained by means of temperature and heat flux measurements performed with a new instrumented jacket. (authors)

Cacao y encomienda en la Alcaldía Mayor de Sonsonate, siglo XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tous, Meritxell

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes the importance of cocoa in the Alcaldía Mayor of Sonsonate, particularly in the Izalco region, during the last pre-Columbian period and also its exploitation during the XVIth century. It is demonstrated that, during the first half of these century, despite of the development of the encomienda system, the natives significantly controlled the production and exchange of cocoa, and also the property of the land. Nevertheless, during the second half of this century, the increase of cocoa production induced serious perturbations in the Indian communities because of the demographic collapse, the usurpation of the lands and the ladinoization processes.

Este estudio analiza la importancia del cacao en la Alcaldía Mayor de Sonsonate, especialmente en la región de los Izalcos, durante el último periodo prehispánico así como su explotación en el XVI. Se demuestra que, durante la primera mitad de este siglo, a pesar del desarrollo de la encomienda, la población indígena controló, en buena medida, la producción y el intercambio del cacao, así como la propiedad de la tierra. También se pone de manifiesto que, a partir de la segunda mitad de este mismo siglo, el incremento de la producción cacaotera provocó daños irreversibles en las comunidades indígenas debido al más que notable descenso demográfico, a la usurpación de sus tierras y a los procesos de ladinización.

Defensa a la antigua y a la moderna en el Reino de Valencia durante el siglo XVI

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Luis Arciniega García

1999-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo aporta documentación inédita sobre diversas obras de defensa llevadas a cabo en el Reino de Valencia durante el siglo XVI. Las noticias, interesantes por si solas, quedan insertas en un panorama amplio que permite entender la diversidad de sistemas defensivos como un medio de adaptación a las necesidades y los medios, rechazando el prejuicio que interpreta la pervivencia de la tradición exclusivamente como un rasgo arcaico. Además se incide en la labor de ingenieros, militares y cargos de la administración en las realizaciones defensivas.This article provides us with unpublished documentation about several defensive works carried out during the Kingdom of Valencia, in the XVIth Century. The information, interesting by itself, is inserted in a wide outlook that allows to understand the diversity of defensive systems as a way of adapting to necessities and resources and rejects the prejudice that interprets the survival of tradition only as an archaic feature. Futhermore, in the defensive works, the labour of engineers, soldiers and responsables of Administration is being emphasized.

Analysis of the structural organization and thermal stability of two spermadhesins. Calorimetric, circular dichroic and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Menéndez, M; Gasset, M; Laynez, J; López-Zumel, C; Usobiaga, P; Töpfer-Petersen, E; Calvete, J J

1995-12-15

The CUB domain is a widespread 110-amino-acid module found in functionally diverse, often developmentally regulated proteins, for which an antiparallel beta-barrel topology similar to that in immunoglobulin V domains has been predicted. Spermadhesins have been proposed as a subgroup of this protein family built up by a single CUB domain architecture. To test the proposed structural model, we have analyzed the structural organization of two members of the spermadhesin protein family, porcine seminal plasma proteins I/II (PSP-I/PSP-II) heterodimer and bovine acidic seminal fluid protein (aSFP) homodimer, using differential scanning calorimetry, far-ultraviolet circular dichroism and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal unfolding of PSP-I/PSP-II and aSFP were irreversible and followed a one-step process with transition temperatures (Tm) of 60.5 degrees C and 78.6 degrees C, respectively. The calorimetric enthalpy changes (delta Hcat) of thermal denaturation were 439 kJ/mol for PSP-I/PSP-II and 660 kJ/mol for aSFP dimer. Analysis of the calorimetric curves of PSP-I/PSP-II showed that the entire dimer constituted the cooperative unfolding unit. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and deconvolution of circular dichroic spectra using a convex constraint analysis indicated that beta-structure and turns are the major structural element of both PSP-I/PSP-II (53% of beta-sheet, 21% of turns) and aSFP (44% of beta-sheet, 36% of turns), and that the porcine and the bovine proteins contain little, if any, alpha-helical structure. Taken together, our results indicate that the porcine and the bovine spermadhesin molecules are probably all-beta-structure proteins, and would support a beta-barrel topology like that predicted for the CUB domain. Other beta-structure folds, such as the Greek-key pattern characteristic of many carbohydrate-binding protein domains cannot be eliminated. Finally, the same combination of biophysical techniques was used to characterize the

La dote matrimonial a finales del siglo XVI: el caso de la provincia de Pamplona en el Nuevo Reino de Granada (1574-1630

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Jorge Augusto Gamboa

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Una de las prácticas más llamativas en el estudio del sistema de matrimonios de la sociedad colonial neogranadina durante los siglos XVI y XVII es la costumbre, arraigada sobre todo en las clases altas, de entregar las novias a sus maridos acompañadas de una serie de bienes. Esta costumbre, conocida como la "Dote", no era un legado exclusivamente español, ya que se dio en regiones como la China, la India y la Europa mediterránea desde tiempos muy remotos hasta bien entrada la época moderna. Incluso en algunas comunidades campesinas de estos países se sigue practicando hasta el día de hoy esta costumbre, cuya forma ha cambiado poco a través de los siglos.

Interaction of chloroquine and its analogues with heme: An isothermal titration calorimetric study.

Science.gov (United States)

Bachhawat, K; Thomas, C J; Surolia, N; Surolia, A

2000-10-05

Quinoline-containing drugs such as chloroquine and quinine have had a long and successful history in antimalarial chemotherapy. Identification of ferriprotoporphyrin IX ([Fe(III)PPIX], haematin) as the drug receptors for these antimalarials called for investigations of the binding affinity, mode of interaction, and the conditions affecting the interaction. The parameters obtained are significant in recent times with the emergence of chloroquine resistant strains of the malaria parasites. This has underlined the need to unravel the molecular mechanism of their action so as to meet the requirement of an alternative to the existing antimalarial drugs. The isothermal titration calorimetric studies on the interaction of chloroquine with haematin lead us to propose an altered mode of binding. The initial recognition is ionic in nature mediated by the propionyl group of haematin with the quaternary nitrogen on CQ. This ionic interaction induces a conformational change, such as to favour binding of subsequent CQ molecules. On the contrary, conditions emulating the cytosolic environment (pH 7.4 and 150 mM salt) reveal the hydrophobic force to be the sole contributor driving the interaction. Interaction of a carefully selected panel of quinoline antimalarial drugs with monomeric ferriprotoporphyrin IX has also been investigated at pH 5.6 mimicking the acidic environment prevalent in the food vacuoles of parasite, the center of drug activity, which are consistent with their antimalarial activity. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

La revocación de disposiciones testamentarias en codicilos valencianos de los siglos XV y XVI

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Jaime Piqueras Juan

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Se presenta en este artículo la investigación realizada sobre un tipo concreto de documentos de aplicación práctica del derecho relacionados con las sucesiones mortis causa, los codicilos. Sobre la base de un grupo de 30 codicilos valencianos de los siglos XV y primeros años del XVI, se sistematiza la orientación de las diversas modificaciones que estos documentos introdujeron sobre testamentos anteriores, de forma que es accesible la valoración de las cuestiones que resultaron de mayor interés para los testadores, apareciendo resultados que sugieren la idea de predominio de una mentalidad práctica por encima de las cuestiones directamente relacionadas con el mundo espiritual.Our research focuses on a particular type of document, the codicil, which involves a practical legal application of inheritance upon death. We use a group of thirty Valencian codicils of the fifteenth and earl ysixteenth centuries in order to categorize the manifold modifications that these documents introduced in previous wills. The result is a more accessible assessment of the issues that were of most interest to the testers, which leads one to suggest the idea of a practical mind-set prevailing over issues directly related to the spiritual realm.

Rotational patient setup errors in IGRT with XVI system in Elekta Synergy and their clinical relevance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Madhusudhana Sresty, N.V.N.; Muralidhar, K.R.; Raju, A.K.; Sha, R.L.; Ramanjappa

2008-01-01

The goal of Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) is to improve the accuracy of treatment delivery. In this technique, it is possible to get volumetric images of patient anatomy before delivery of treatment.XVI( release 3.5) system in Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (Elekta,Crawley,UK) has the potential to ensure that, the relative positions of the target volume is same as in the treatment plan. It involves acquiring planar images produced by a kilo Voltage cone beam rotating about the patient in the treatment position. After 3 dimensional match between reference and localization images, the system gives rotational errors also along with translational shifts. One can easily perform translational shifts with treatment couch. But rotational shifts cannot be performed. Most of the studies dealt with translational shifts only. Few studies reported regarding rotational errors. It is found that in the treatment of elongated targets, even small rotational errors can show difference in results. The main objectives of this study is 1) To verify the magnitude of rotational errors in different clinical sites observed and to compare with the other reports. 2) To find its clinical relevance 3) To find difference in rotational shift results with improper selection of kV collimator

Racismo/sexismo epistémico, universidades occidentalizadas y los cuatro genocidios/ epistemicidios del largo siglo XVI

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RAMÓN GROSFOGUEL

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza el racismo/sexismo epistémico fundacional a las estructuras de conocimiento de la universidad occidentalizada. El artículo plantea que el privilegio epistémico del hombre occidental en las estructuras de conocimiento de las universidades occidentalizadas es el resultado de cuatro genocidios/epistemicidios en el largo siglo XVI (contra la población de origen judío y musulmán en la conquista de Al-Andalus, contra los pueblos indígenas en la conquista del continente americano, contra los africanosraptados y esclavizados en el continente americano y contra las mujeres quemadas vivas bajo acusaciones de brujería en Europa. El artículo plantea que el argumento de Dussel de que la condición de posibilidad del «yo pienso, luego existo» (ego cogito cartesiano de mediados del siglo XVII son los 150 años de «yo conquisto, luego existo» (ego conquiro está mediada históricamente por el genocidio/epistemicidio del «yo extermino, luego existo» (ego extermino. El «yo extermino» como mediación socio-histórica estructual entre el «yo pienso» y el «yo conquisto».

Alteraciones del paisaje ecológico araucano por la asimilación mapuche de la agroganadería hispano-mediterránea (siglos XVI y XVII Araucanian ecological landscape disturbances by the mapuche assimilation of the Hispanic-Mediterranean farming (16th and 17th centuries

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FERNANDO TORREJÓN

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Las características biogeográficas de la América templada favorecieron la introducción y propagación de especies animales y vegetales que sustentaron al modelo agroganadero hispano-mediterráneo. Los efectos de este fenómeno generaron alteraciones ecológicas, especialmente en los territorios habitados por aborígenes carentes de actividades productivas intensivas, como fue el caso de la Araucanía. Mediante un análisis histórico documental, la presente investigación reconoció las principales características del proceso de alteración del paisaje ecológico araucano entre los siglos XVI y XVII: (i en el siglo XVI, la introducción de especies exóticas desarticuló el sistema económico mapuche, (ii tanto la relativa pristinidad de la Araucanía como el proceso bélico de los siglos XVI y XVII, favorecieron la introducción y propagación de las nuevas especies, (iii durante el siglo XVI coexistieron especies nativas e introducidas, sin embargo, durante el siglo XVII preponderaron las exóticas, y (iv este predominio habría generado la extinción local de especies animales y vegetales nativas, alterando definitivamente el paisaje ecológico araucanoThe bio-geographic characteristics of the temperate America favored the introduction and spreading of exotic plant and animal species that supported the Hispanic-Mediterranean farming model. The effects of this situation produced ecological alterations on the territories inhabited by Indians without intense productive systems; as the Araucanía case. Through a historical and documental analysis this paper reports the main characteristics of the Araucanian ecological landscape disruption process during the 16th and 17th centuries: (i during the 16th century, the introduction of exotic species dislocated the Mapuche economic system, (ii both the relative Araucanía pristine conditions and the warlike process, occurred between the 16th and 17th centuries, favored the introduction and

Essays on Zarathustra and Zoroastrianism. Translated and Edited by Prods Oktor Skjaervøm, Costa Mesa, Mazda Publishers Inc., 2000, XVI-131 p.

OpenAIRE

Rédaction,

2010-01-01

Après l’avant-propos de l’éditeur s’expliquant sur sa traduction (XI-XII) et la préface de l’auteur situant chacune des parties du livre (XIII-XVI), on trouvera les documents suivants, réunis dans l’ouvrage : Pp. 1-24 : « Characters of Ancient Mazdaism » (1987), 1ère édition dans History and Anthropology, 3 (1987), pp. 239-262. Pp. 25-30 : « Achaemenid Religion : Preliminary Questions ». Traduction de « Questions préalables », in : Jean Kellens, éd., La religion iranienne à l’époque achéménid...

Italia en la Monarquía Hispánica (siglos XVI - XVII

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Manuel RIVERO RODRÍGUEZ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La victoria de la Casa de Habsburgo en las guerras de Italia (1494-1559 abrió un periodo de paz y seguridad en Italia. En el pasado, fueron muchos los historiadores que dibujaron un panorama sombrío de este periodo, que abarcó los siglos XVI al XVIII. Fueron dos siglos descritos como un tiempo oscuro que sucedió a la brillantez del Renacimiento. Despotismo, Contrarreforma e intolerancia reemplazaron a la libertad, reformismo y tolerancia preexistentes. Su responsable fue la dominación española. Hoy, esa vieja interpretación está siendo revisada por una nueva generación de historiadores que describen el periodo en otros términos. El dominio español es contemplado como un condominio, un dominio dual o coparticipado entre la Corte española y las Cortes italianas o, mejor dicho, entre las élites españolas e italianas. Esta perspectiva explica el sistema español tanto para comprender su éxito como su hundimiento.ABSTRACT: The victory of the Habsburg Army in the Italian Wars (1494-1559 opened a time of peace and security in Italy. Many historians draw a negative panorama of this new period from sixteenth to early eighteenth centuries. So, these two centuries, were traditionally described as a Dark Age before the splendid time of the Renaissance. Despotism, Counterreformation and Intolerance replace Liberty, Reform and Tolerance. The Spanish dominion was responsible of this falling back. Today this old interpretation is revised by new generations of historians that describe the period in other terms. The Spanish dominion is sawn in a different way, as condominium, dual control or ownership between the Spanish Court and the Italian Courts, between Spanish and Italian elites. This point of view explains the Spanish System, his success and his breakdown.

pH-tuneable binding of 2′-phospho-ADP-ribose to ketopantoate reductase: a structural and calorimetric study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ciulli, Alessio [University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (United Kingdom); Lobley, Carina M. C. [Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (United Kingdom); Tuck, Kellie L. [University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (United Kingdom); Smith, Alison G. [Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA (United Kingdom); Blundell, Tom L. [Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (United Kingdom); Abell, Chris, E-mail: ca26@cam.ac.uk [University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (United Kingdom)

2007-02-01

A combined crystallographic, calorimetric and mutagenic study has been used to show how changes in pH give rise to two distinct binding modes of 2′-phospho-ADP-ribose to ketopantoate reductase. The crystal structure of Escherichia coli ketopantoate reductase in complex with 2′-monophosphoadenosine 5′-diphosphoribose, a fragment of NADP{sup +} that lacks the nicotinamide ring, is reported. The ligand is bound at the enzyme active site in the opposite orientation to that observed for NADP{sup +}, with the adenine ring occupying the lipophilic nicotinamide pocket. Isothermal titration calorimetry with R31A and N98A mutants of the enzyme is used to show that the unusual ‘reversed binding mode’ observed in the crystal is triggered by changes in the protonation of binding groups at low pH. This research has important implications for fragment-based approaches to drug design, namely that the crystallization conditions and the chemical modification of ligands can have unexpected effects on the binding modes.

pH-tuneable binding of 2′-phospho-ADP-ribose to ketopantoate reductase: a structural and calorimetric study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciulli, Alessio; Lobley, Carina M. C.; Tuck, Kellie L.; Smith, Alison G.; Blundell, Tom L.; Abell, Chris

2007-01-01

A combined crystallographic, calorimetric and mutagenic study has been used to show how changes in pH give rise to two distinct binding modes of 2′-phospho-ADP-ribose to ketopantoate reductase. The crystal structure of Escherichia coli ketopantoate reductase in complex with 2′-monophosphoadenosine 5′-diphosphoribose, a fragment of NADP + that lacks the nicotinamide ring, is reported. The ligand is bound at the enzyme active site in the opposite orientation to that observed for NADP + , with the adenine ring occupying the lipophilic nicotinamide pocket. Isothermal titration calorimetry with R31A and N98A mutants of the enzyme is used to show that the unusual ‘reversed binding mode’ observed in the crystal is triggered by changes in the protonation of binding groups at low pH. This research has important implications for fragment-based approaches to drug design, namely that the crystallization conditions and the chemical modification of ligands can have unexpected effects on the binding modes

Contribution to the micro-calorimetric study of the characteristics of radio-elements and to their qualitative and quantitative analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ozias, Y.

1964-10-01

The principle of this study consists in using the E. CALVET microcalorimeter for recording the energy flux emitted by radio-elements as a function of time, and in determining from this curve either their characteristics (half-life and radiation energy), or the composition of a mixture of radio-elements. In the first part the theoretical relationships describing radioactivity have been adapted to the microcalorimetric study. In the second part an experimental determination has been made using the E. CALVET microcalorimeter of the characteristics of various radio-elements, yttrium 90, phosphorus 32, sulphur 35, iodine 131, etc and of their mixtures. In particular a study has been made of the isotopic analysis of a 239 Pu - 240 Pu mixture, sometimes in the presence of 241 Pu. The microcalorimetric method is not as sensitive as conventional counting methods, its limit appears to be at the present about 1 micro-watt for the apparatus used, it is however the most direct method in the case of emitters of weakly absorbed radiation (α and β). For the γ emitters only a part of the energy is absorbed by the walls of the container. The determination of their characteristics and of their masses in the mixtures depends neither on the shape, on the dilution or even less on the auto-absorption of the source. For high activity samples this auto-absorption is the cause of great difficulties in conventional methods which complicate the operations: divisions, dissolutions, dilutions, all of which are liable to introduce errors. The calorimetric method makes it possible to work on the untreated sample. All these measurements have been carried out using the conventional E CALVET calorimeter; to carry out an exact measurement of the energy due to γ radiation, however, it is necessary to build special apparatus with a lead block the size of which is given by the author's calculations. The calorimetric method makes it possible to attain an accuracy equal to that obtained by mass

Diseño y construcción de las bóvedas por cruceros en España durante el siglo XVI

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Palacios, J. C.

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this text is to present the historical guidelines, design and construction of the grid crossing vaults built in Spain during the 16th century to show how the Gothic tradition of building ribbed vaults could be adapted to classical aesthetic principles. In the Andalusia of the 16th century, both a Renaissance classical architecture and another extraordinarily evolved Gothic one reached, at the same time, their full development, taking place between them interesting knowledge, stylistic and technical transfers. In this respect, the grid crossing vaults are a remarkable example of the formal autonomy of Gothic ribs which, without losing their medieval construction principles, are capable of adapting themselves to Renaissance models. We will see how in the grid crossing vaults, the Gothic crossings adapted themselves to the shape of a classical grid structure, drawing on the surface of the vault a design of caissons according to the stricter Roman Canon.El objetivo de este texto es dar a conocer las pautas históricas, de diseño y construcción de las bóvedas por cruceros erigidas en España durante el siglo XVI, como muestra de cómo la tradición gótica de construir bóvedas con nervaduras pudo adaptarse a los principios estéticos clásicos. En la Andalucía del siglo XVI, una arquitectura clásica renacentista y otra gótica extraordinariamente evolucionada alcanzaron, al mismo tiempo, su pleno desarrollo; entre ambas se produjeron interesantes transferencias de conocimiento, estilísticas y técnicas. En este sentido, las bóvedas por cruceros constituyen un notable ejemplo de autonomía formal de la nervadura gótica que, sin perder sus principios constructivos medievales, es capaz de adaptarse a modelos renacentistas. Veremos como en las bóvedas por cruceros, las crucerías góticas se adaptan a la forma de una trama reticular clásica, dibujando sobre la superficie de la bóveda un diseño de casetones conforme al canon

El Libro di ricercate a qvattro voci (1575 de Rocco Rodio y algunas consideraciones sobre relaciones entre Nápoles y España en el siglo XVI

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Tasini, Francesco

2014-12-01

Full Text Available After a brief setup on musicological studies on the relationships between Naples and Spain, in particular in the keyboard production of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, this paper occupies almost exclusively - on analysis and style - on the LIBRO DI RICERCATE A QVATTRO VOCI DI ROCCO RODIO CON ALCVNE FANTASIE SOPRA VARII CANTI FERMI, published in Naples by Gioseppe Cacchio dall’Aquila in 1575. The book by Rocco Rodio (“Rocchus Rodius Civitatis Barensis”; Bari-Napoli 1530ca, 1615ca is the fi rst release ever appeared in score, which was particularly followed in Naples in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century and of which we find significant use in Italy and Europe throughout the course of the seventeenth century, with examples also in the eighteenth century. The analysis of form and style of the compositions contained in this printing shows the ‘Modern’ and progressive author’s writing, which seems refractory to the contemporary practice of improvisation and ‘diminutions’ that was practiced in the polyphonic motet and madrigale affettuoso; the fantasies are a superb example of invention and mastery of composition to be read not only in the flow of tradition practiced on the harpsichord, but should be understood as the exemplary model resulted in the broader vocal, didactic and experimental literature of the polyphonic instrumental schools in Naples, Rome and Spain.Tras un breve repaso de los estudios musicológicos centrados en las relaciones que la música para tecla de los siglos XVI y XVII creó entre Nápoles y España, el ensayo se centra de manera casi exclusiva, y desde un punto de vista analítico y estilístico, en el «Libro di ricercate a qvattro voci di Rocco Rodio con alcvne fantasie sopra Varii canti fermi» publicado en Nápoles por Gioseppe Cacchio dall’Aquila en el 1575. El libro de Rocco Rodio («Rocchus Rodius Civitatis Barensis»; Bari, 1530ca - Nápoles, 1615ca constituye la primera impresi

La polémica en la investigación botánica del siglo XVI. Mattioli contra Lusitano

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Valderas, José María

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Debates in Renaissance played a critical role in developing Botany, Philosophy, Medicine, and Theology. Particularly angry disputes arose from different interpretations of ancient texts, say, Dioscoride's Materia Medica. In one of the most infamous two-sections booklet Mattioli replics «insane discourses et calumnies» by Lusitanus. I deal with the first one, the Apologia. which concerns to false identifications of plants and some errors in Mattioli translation, according to Lusitanus. What was behind the quarrel?

Las controversias que reaparecen con el movimiento humanista adquieren , desde las postrimerías del siglo XV, especial encono. Por lo que atañe a la botánica. revisten suma importancia las relativas a la interpretación de Dioscórides y Plinio. Nos ocupamos aquí de la disputa mantenida por Mattioli y Lusitano a propósito de la correcta identificación de determinadas plantas. En particular de la Apología del sienes contra supuestas calumnias de Lusitano. La diatriba entera supone una revisión crítica de los fundamentos metodológicos de la botánica del siglo XVI.

Nimfes al Vinalopó. La poesia renaixentista d’un alacantí oblidat, Josep Gosalbes de Cunedo (s. XVI

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Antoni Biosca i Bas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available L’obra del poeta alacantí del segle XVI Josep Gosalbes de Cunedo ha passat a l’oblit. Alguns aspectes de la seua vida i obra mereixen atenció, com a mínim, per haver tractat temes propis de la seua terra. Alguns dels seus poemes tracten l’antiga Governació d’Oriola, al sud del regne de València, i celebren la creació del bisbat d’Oriola, motiu pel qual l’autor descriu el territori amb gust renaixentista. La seua amistat amb l’humanista Just Lipsi marca la seua biografia, on guerres i presó també estan presents. The work of the 16th. century poet from Alicante Joseph Gosalbes of Cunedo has been forgotten. Some aspects of his life and work deserve attention, at least because he had written about topics of their own land. Some of his poems deal with the former Region of Orihuela, in the south of Valencia kingdom, and celebrate the creation of the diocese of Orihuela, so the author describes this territory in a Renaissance style. His friendship with the humanist Justus Lipsius mark his biography, where wars and prison are also present.

Calorimetric, FTIR and 1H NMR measurements in combination with DFT calculations for monitoring solid-state changes of dynamics of sibutramine hydrochloride.

Science.gov (United States)

Pajzderska, Aleksandra; Chudoba, Dorota M; Mielcarek, Jadwiga; Wąsicki, Jan

2012-10-01

Two forms of sibutramine hydrochloride, monohydrate and anhydrous, have been investigated by calorimetric methods, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements as well as by density functional theory (DFT) of vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities, calculations of steric hindrances and Monte Carlo simulations. The results of FTIR spectra combined with DFT calculations permitted identification of the bands corresponding to the dynamics and vibrations of water molecules. NMR study and Monte Carlo simulations revealed the occurrence of reorientation jumps of the methyl groups in sibutramine cation and also revealed that the reorientation of isopropyl group is possible only in sibutramine monohydrate hydrochloride. The hydration of sibutramine hydrochloride causes a change in the conformation of sibutramine cation. Copyright © 2012 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Status and performance of the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adriani, O. [University of Florence, IFAC (CNR) and INFN (Italy); Akaike, Y. [ICRR, University of Tokyo (Japan); Asaoka, Y. [Waseda University (Japan); Asano, K. [Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan); Bagliesi, M.G.; Bigongiari, G. [University of Siena and INFN (Italy); Binns, W.R. [Washington University-St. Louis (United States); Bongi, M. [University of Florence, IFAC (CNR) and INFN (Italy); Buckley, J.H. [Washington University-St. Louis (United States); Cassese, A.; Castellini, G. [University of Florence, IFAC (CNR) and INFN (Italy); Cherry, M.L. [Louisiana State University (United States); Collazuol, G. [University of Padova and INFN (Italy); Ebisawa, K. [JAXA/ISAS (Japan); Di Felice, V. [University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN (Italy); Fuke, H. [JAXA/ISAS (Japan); Guzik, T.G. [Louisiana State University (United States); Hams, T. [CRESST/NASA/GSFC and University of Maryland (United States); Hasebe, N. [Waseda University (Japan); Hareyama, M. [St. Marianna University School of Medicine (Japan); and others

2014-11-15

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) space experiment, currently under development by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States, will measure the flux of cosmic-ray electrons (including positrons) to 20 TeV, gamma rays to 10 TeV and nuclei with Z=1 to 40 up to 1,000 TeV during a two-year mission on the International Space Station (ISS), extendable to five years. These measurements are essential to search for dark matter signatures, investigate the mechanism of cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation in the Galaxy and discover possible astrophysical sources of high-energy electrons nearby the Earth. The instrument consists of two layers of segmented plastic scintillators for the cosmic-ray charge identification (CHD), a 3 radiation length thick tungsten-scintillating fiber imaging calorimeter (IMC) and a 27 radiation length thick lead-tungstate calorimeter (TASC). CALET has sufficient depth, imaging capabilities and excellent energy resolution to allow for a clear separation between hadrons and electrons and between charged particles and gamma rays. The instrument will be launched to the ISS within 2014 Japanese Fiscal Year (by the end of March 2015) and installed on the Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility (JEM-EF). In this paper, we will review the status and main science goals of the mission and describe the instrument configuration and performance.

Characterization of hidden defects of an original XVI century painting on wood by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry survey on a wooden painting)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arena, G.

2015-01-01

Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry, a non-contact and nondestructive optical diagnostic technique, was employed for evaluating the conservation state of a XVI century painting on wood. The whole structure alterations, induced by the laboratory temperature and relative humidity variations, were evaluated. Long-term analysis, by sequential recording and subsequent off-line processing of the fringes progression, was carried out. Local flaws and hidden detachments of pictorial layers from the support, which could not be recognized by traditional art-restorer survey methods, were also easily revealed. In such a case, a simple measurement approach was utilized, with the aim to get a user-friendly method for art conservators. The results demonstrate that the interferometry method can largely improve the traditional art conservation survey techniques.

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET for high-energy astroparticle physics on the International Space Station

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriani O.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET is a space experiment, currently under development by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States, which will measure the flux of cosmic-ray electrons (and positrons up to 20 TeV energy, of gamma rays up to 10 TeV, of nuclei with Z from 1 to 40 up to 1 PeV energy, and will detect gamma-ray bursts in the 7 keV to 20 MeV energy range during a 5 year mission. These measurements are essential to investigate possible nearby astrophysical sources of high energy electrons, study the details of galactic particle propagation and search for dark matter signatures. The main detector of CALET, the Calorimeter, consists of a module to identify the particle charge, followed by a thin imaging calorimeter (3 radiation lengths with tungsten plates interleaving scintillating fibre planes, and a thick energy measuring calorimeter (27 radiation lengths composed of lead tungstate logs. The Calorimeter has the depth, imaging capabilities and energy resolution necessary for excellent separation between hadrons, electrons and gamma rays. The instrument is currently being prepared for launch (expected in 2015 to the International Space Station ISS, for installation on the Japanese Experiment Module - Exposure Facility (JEM-EF.

First calorimetric determination of heat of extraction of 248Cm in a bi-phasic system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, Leigh R.; Zalupski, Peter R.

2011-01-01

This report presents a summary of the work performed to meet FCR and D level 2 milestone M21SW050201, 'Complete the first calorimetric determination of heat of extraction of 248Cm in a bi-phasic system'. This work was carried out under the auspices of the Thermodynamics and Kinetics FCR and D work package. To complement previous work undertaken under this work package we have extended out heat of extraction studies by di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phosphoric acid to curium. This report also details the heat of extraction of samarium in the same system. This work was performed to not only test the methodology but also to check for consistency with the heats of extraction obtained with those in the prior literature. The heat of extraction for samarium that was obtained in this study was -9.6 kJ mol-1, which is in reasonable agreement with the previously obtained value of -10.9 kJ mol-1. The curium heat of extraction was performed under two sets of conditions and the obtained heats of extraction were in reasonable agreement with each other at -16.0 ± 1.1 and -16.8 ± 1.5 kJ mol-1.

Evaluation of inductive heating energy of sub-size improved DPC-C conductor by calorimetric method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, Toshinobu; Koizumi, Norikiyo; Wakabayashi, Hiroshi; Miura, Yuushi; Fujisaki, Hiroshi; Matsui, Kunihiro; Takahashi, Yoshikazu; Tsuji, Hiroshi

1996-08-01

The improved DPC-U conductor consisting of 648 chrome plated NbTi strands was fabricated and its stability has been investigated using 1/24 sub-size conductor. In the stability experiment, the inductive heating method was applied to originate initial normal zone. Since it is difficult to calculate the inductive heating energy deposited on the conductor because of complicate geometry of the twisted multi-strand cable, inductive heating energy had to be experimentally evaluated using calorimetric method. The heating energy is in proportion to integration of square of an applied sinusoidal wave pulsed current over the heating period. The experimental result shows the proportional constants for the conductor and conduit are 2.062 x 10 -3 [J/A 2 s] and 0.771 x 10 -3 [J/A 2 s], respectively. The coupling between the eddy currents in the strands and conduit might take effect on the heating energy put in the strands. It was shown this effect was however small in this experiment. Consequently, the inductive heating energy applied in the strands was estimated to be the proportional constant of 1.291 x 10 -3 [J/A 2 s] from the difference of the heat energies in the conductor and conduit. (author)

Dental stigmata and enamel thickness in a probable case of congenital syphilis from XVI century Croatia.

Science.gov (United States)

Lauc, Tomislav; Fornai, Cinzia; Premužić, Zrinka; Vodanović, Marin; Weber, Gerhard W; Mašić, Boris; Rajić Šikanjić, Petra

2015-10-01

To analyse the dental remains of an individual with signs of congenital syphilis by using macroscopic observation, CBCT and micro-CT images, and the analysis of the enamel thickness. Anthropological analysis of human skeletal remains from the 16th century archaeological site Park Grič in Zagreb, Croatia discovered a female, 17-20 years old at the time of death, with dental signs supportive of congenital syphilis: mulberry molars and canine defects, as well as non-specific hypoplastic changes on incisors. The focus of the analysis was on three aspects: gross morphology, hypoplastic defects of the molars, canines and incisors, as well as enamel thickness of the upper first and second molars. The observed morphology of the first molars corresponds to the typical aspect of mulberry molars, while that of the canines is characterised by hypomineralisation. Hypoplastic grooves were observed on the incisal edges of all incisors. The enamel of the first molars is underdeveloped while in the second molars a thick-enamelled condition is observed. Our observations for the dental and skeletal evidence are supportive to a diagnosis of congenital syphilis for this specimen from XVI century Croatia. The use of CT imaging helped documenting the diagnostic features and quantifying the effect of the dental stigmata on first molars. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New calibration methodology for calorimetric determination of isobaric thermal expansivity of liquids as a function of temperature and pressure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Navia, Paloma; Troncoso, Jacobo [Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense (Spain); Romani, Luis [Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense (Spain)], E-mail: romani@uvigo.es

2008-11-15

A new method for determining isobaric thermal expansivity of liquids as a function of temperature and pressure through calorimetric measurements against pressure is described. It is based on a previously reported measurement technique, but due to the different kind of calorimeter and experimental set up, a new calibration procedure was developed. Two isobaric thermal expansivity standards are needed; in this work, with a view on the quality of the available literature data, hexane and water are chosen. The measurements were carried out in the temperature and pressure intervals (278.15 to 348.15) K and (0.5 to 55) MPa for a set of liquids, and experimental values are compared with the available literature data in order to evaluate the precision of the experimental procedure. The analysis of the results reveals that the proposed methodology is highly accurate for isobaric thermal expansivity determination, and it allows obtaining a precise characterisation of the temperature and pressure dependence of this thermodynamic coefficient.

New calibration methodology for calorimetric determination of isobaric thermal expansivity of liquids as a function of temperature and pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Navia, Paloma; Troncoso, Jacobo; Romani, Luis

2008-01-01

A new method for determining isobaric thermal expansivity of liquids as a function of temperature and pressure through calorimetric measurements against pressure is described. It is based on a previously reported measurement technique, but due to the different kind of calorimeter and experimental set up, a new calibration procedure was developed. Two isobaric thermal expansivity standards are needed; in this work, with a view on the quality of the available literature data, hexane and water are chosen. The measurements were carried out in the temperature and pressure intervals (278.15 to 348.15) K and (0.5 to 55) MPa for a set of liquids, and experimental values are compared with the available literature data in order to evaluate the precision of the experimental procedure. The analysis of the results reveals that the proposed methodology is highly accurate for isobaric thermal expansivity determination, and it allows obtaining a precise characterisation of the temperature and pressure dependence of this thermodynamic coefficient

El color como parte de la estrategia de persuasión política: El caso de los XVI Juegos Panamericanos, Guadalajara 2011

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Andrés Valdez-Zepeda

2012-03-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo los autores analizan el uso del color en las estrategias de persuasión política que utilizan los partidos y los candidatos durante los procesos electorales. También se describe la utilización que los principales partidos políticos de México hacen de los colores para lograr un posicionamiento y una diferenciación política. Específicamente, se indaga sobre el uso del color en los XVI Juegos Panamericanos celebrados en Guadalajara en octubre del 2011. Por ejemplo, se señala que el azul fue el color preponderante en la decoración de las instalaciones deportivas, los hoteles de la ciudad, los automóviles oficiales y en la publicidad del evento, lo que formaba parte de una estrategia ante las próximas elecciones federales del 2012.

Experimental study of the heat of combustion of electrical cables: Pitcairn/calorimetre test bench; Etude experimentale sur la combustion de cables electriques: le banc d`essais Pitcairn/calorimetre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gautier, B.; Bosseboeuf, G.

1995-11-01

The R and D has been developing for about ten years, through the MAGIC software, a modeling program on the propagation of fire in power plants. The potential fuels in a power plant are mainly limited to the oils existing in engines and control systems, and electric cables. Those cables present a complex combustion due to their fire-resistant design. In order to study that combustion, two test benches, the PITCAIRN oven and the CALORIMETRE EDF/CNRS have been linked. This report presents briefly the experimental installation, then it comments on the first experimental data obtained with two types of samples, a PVC and an EPR-Hypalon cable. The tested cables are selected from those commonly used in French Nuclear Power Plants. They present complex components (fire-retarding chemical agents, mechanical reinforcement). The data show that the behavior of those cables cannot be reduced to a mass loss rate associated to a constant Heat of Combustion. The Heat of Combustion of the PVC cable tested varies little at the beginning of the pyrolysis from 5 kJ.g{sup -1} to 10 kJ.g{sup -1}, then increases quickly up to 30 kJ.g{sup -1}. In the same way, the EPR-Hypalon cable shows a continuous and slow increase of the Heat of Combustion from 1 kJ.g{sup -1} to 20 kJ.g{sup -1} during the pyrolysis, then rises quickly up to 40 kJ.g{sup -1} at the end. Those data corroborate the thesis of the dilution of flammable species by fire-retarding agents, which lower the Heat of combustion but seems to disappear at the end of the pyrolysis. (authors). 7 refs., 6 figs.

Calorimetric studies of non-isothermal crystallization in amorphous

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Administrator

the peak crystallization temperature. Amorphous alloys of Cu–Ti system are of special interest (Koster et al 1995) due to the fact that Cu–Ti is a congruently melting compound, which should allow static under-cooling experiments. Several works ... tion when mixed with another metal or rare earth metals. (Suzuki et al 2003).

Choquequirao en el siglo XVI: etnohistoria e implicaciones arqueológicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Choquequirao au XVIe siècle : ethnohistoire et implications archéologiques Résumé: À travers l’étude de divers documents d’archives, ce travail reconstitue l’histoire coloniale du site archéologique de Choquequirao. Ce site, qui faisait tout d’abord partie d’une encomienda octroyée à Hernando Pizarro, devient partie intégrale de la réduction de Cachora, à la fin du XVIe siècle, avec les anciens villages de Sayhuite et Urco. Cet article démontre aussi que durant plus de 80 ans, les Espagnols ont concédé aux mêmes familles les charges de cacique de ces villages. Ces nouvelles données concernant l’histoire de Choquequirao amènent à se poser de nouvelles questions dans le domaine de l’archéologie. Este trabajo, a través del análisis de varias fuentes manuscritas, reconstituye la historia colonial del sitio arqueológico de Choquequirao. En primera instancia encomienda de Hernando Pizarro, este sitio fue reducido a fines del siglo XVI en el pueblo de Cachora, junto con los pueblos de Sayhuite y Urco. Este artículo demuestra también que los españoles concedieron el cargo de cacique de estos pueblos a las mismas familias durante más de 80 años. Estos nuevos conocimientos sobre la historia de Choquequirao llevan a plantear nuevas preguntas a la arqueología Choquequirao in the 16th century: ethnohistory and archaeological implications Abstract: Through the study of various archive documents, this work reconstructs the colonial history of the archaeological site of Choquequirao. This site, which first formed part of a Hernando Pizarro’s holding, was reduced together with the old villages of Sayhuite and Urcp to the locality of Cachora at the end of the 16th century. This article also shows that during more than 80 years, the Spaniards conceded the office of cacique of these villages to the same families. These new data concerning the history of Choquequirao bring to raise new questions for archaeology.

La construcción de un mito : fortuna crítica de Juan de Juanes en los siglos XVI y XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Falomir Faus

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende analizar los inicios de la fortuna crítica de Juan de Juanes en los siglos XVI y XVII. La «leyenda» de Juanes se asentó en su triple condición de gloria local, pintor ejemplar y artista piadoso, y quienes la forjaron, de Escolano a Vicente Vitoria pasando por Pacheco o Jusepe Martínez, no dudaron en potenciar, e incluso distorsionar, aquellas facetas de la personalidad de Juanes afines a sus intereses particulares.This article seeks to analyze the origins of the historiographical treatment of Juan de Juanes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The «myth» of Juanes was posited on three aspects: as exemplary and illustrious citizen, model forpainters, and pious artist. Those who forged this image of the artist, from Escolano to Vicente Vitoria and passing by Pacheco or Jusepe Martínez, did not doubt in emphasizing and even distorting those aspects of his personality and life that affirmed their individual interests.

TH-CD-BRA-05: First Water Calorimetric Dw Measurement and Direct Measurement of Magnetic Field Correction Factors, KQ,B, in a 1.5 T B-Field of An MRI Linac

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prez, L de; Pooter, J de; Jansen, B [VSL, Delft (Netherlands); Wolthaus, J; Asselen, B van; Woodings, S; Soest, T; Kok, J; Raaymakers, B [University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (Netherlands)

2016-06-15

Purpose: Reference dosimetry in MR-guided radiotherapy is performed in the presence of a B-field. As a consequence the response of ionization chambers changes considerably and depends on parameters not considered in traditional reference dosimetry. Therefore future Codes of Practices need ionization chamber correction factors to correct for both the change in beam quality and the presence of a B-field. The objective was to study the feasibility of water calorimetric absorbed-dose measurements in a 1.5 T B-field of an MRLinac and the direct measurement of kQ,B calibration of ionization chambers. Methods: Calorimetric absorbed dose to water Dw was measured with a new water calorimeter in the bore of an MRLinac (TPR20,10 of 0.702). Two waterproof ionization chambers (PTW 30013, IBA FC-65G) were calibrated inside the calorimeter phantom (ND,w,Q,B). Both measurements were normalized to a monitor ionization chamber. Ionization chamber measurements were corrected for conventional influence parameter. Based on the chambers’ Co-60 calibrations (ND,w,Q0), measured directly against the calorimeter. In this study the correction factors kQ,B was determined as the ratio of the calibration coefficients in the MRLinac and in Co-60. Additionally, kB was determined based on kQ values obtained with the IAEA TRS-398 Code of Practice. Results: The kQ,B factors of the ionization chambers mentioned above were respectively 0.9488(8) and 0.9445(8) with resulting kB factors of 0.961(13) and 0.952(13) with standard uncertainties on the least significant digit(s) between brackets. Conclusion: Calorimetric Dw measurements and calibration of waterproof ionization chambers were successfully carried out in the 1.5 T B-field of an MRLinac with a standard uncertainty of 0.7%. Preliminary kQ,B and kB factors were determined with standard uncertainties of respectively 0.8% and 1.3%. The kQ,B agrees with an alternative method within 0.4%. The feasibility of water calorimetry in the presence of B

La Biblioteca Universitaria de Salamanca en el siglo XVI: entre tradición y renovación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta de la MANO GONZÁLEZ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Con el Humanismo surgió una nueva idea del saber que dio lugar también a una nueva concepción de las bibliotecas. A lo largo del siglo XVI esta concepción se concretará en nuevas clasificaciones del saber, en tratados sobre la historia, funciones y organización de las bibliotecas, en nuevas soluciones arquitectónicas y de instalaciones. Presentamos el ejemplo de la biblioteca de la Universidad de Salamanca, que a mediados de la centuria emprendió el camino hacia la modernización. Sin embargo, los avatares que jalonaron su trayectoria, desde su construcción física e intelectual hasta su funcionamiento interno, pasando por los procesos de recolocación y ordenamiento de los libros, le impidieron alcanzarla en plenitud.ABSTRACT: Humanism brought a new idea about knowledge that made appear a new library concept. Along sixteenth century this concept will origin new knowledge classifications, treatise about library history, functions and organization, new architectural and installations solutions We present Salamanca University Library case which, around the middle of the century, began the way to its modernization. However, the difficulties that it found on this way, from its physical and conceptual building, to its internal functioning, through books placing and classification process, hindered it to get completely its new image.

Comparison of the calculated neutral beam shinethrough of the Wendelstein VII-A injection with calorimetric measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Penningsfeld, F.P.

1987-06-01

Density profiles of the Wendelstein VII-A plasma as measured by Thomson scattering are used to calculate the temporally and spatially varying power density of the neutral beam shinethrough on the torus calorimeter for several shot series. The total energy deposited by the three beam species is obtained by integrating the transmitted power density in space and time. This global quantity is compared with the calorimetric measurements routinely performed for each shot. The agreement between calculated and measured energy is found to be ΔE/E = 2.3 ± 11% confirming the error estimation for the NEUDEN program used, which was only slightly modified to calculate the power density transmitted in the target plane. From this good agreement it is concluded that the program contains a realistic beam model and reliable cross-sections for the beam attenuation which is important for further applications. Furthermore, the same comparison was done with old results of the ODIN code by analyzing the corresponding raw data as far as they could be recovered, obtaining a similarly good consistency. A possible increase of 10 to 20% of the beam stopping cross section which could be expected for Wendelstein VII-A conditions by the effect of multistep collision processes as suggested by Boley et al. is discussed also. (orig.)

Systematic study of packaging designs on the performance of CMOS thermoresistive micro calorimetric flow sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu, Wei; Gao, Bo; Xu, Kun; Lee, Yi-Kuen; Pan, Liang; Chiu, Yi

2017-01-01

We systematically study the effect of two packaging configurations for the CMOS thermoresistive micro calorimetric flow (TMCF) sensors: S-type with the sensor chip protrusion-mounted on the flow channel wall and E-type with the sensor chip flush-mounted on the flow channel wall. Although the experimental results indicated that the sensitivity of the S-type was increased by more than 30%; the corresponding flow range as compared to the E-type was dramatically reduced by 60% from 0–11 m s −1 to 0–4.5 m s −1 . Comprehensive 2D CFD simulation and in-house developed 3D numerical simulations based on the gas-kinetic scheme were applied to study the flow separation of these two packaging designs with the major parameters. Indeed, the S-type design with the large protrusion would change the local convective heat transfer of the TMCF sensor and dramatically decrease the sensors’ performance. In addition, parametric CFD simulations of the packaging designs provide inspiration to propose a novel general flow regime map (FRM), i.e. normalized protrusion d * versus reduced chip Reynolds number Re * , where the critical boundary curve for the flow separation of TMCF sensors was determined at different channel aspect ratios. The proposed FRM can be a useful guideline for the packaging design and manufacturing of different micro thermal flow sensors. (paper)

Thermal explosion analysis of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide by non-isothermal and isothermal calorimetric applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chi, Jen-Hao; Wu, Sheng-Hung; Shu, Chi-Min

2009-01-01

In the past, process incidents attributed to organic peroxides (OPs) that involved near misses, over-pressures, runaway reactions, and thermal explosions occurred because of poor training, human error, incorrect kinetic assumptions, insufficient change management, and inadequate chemical knowledge in the manufacturing process. Calorimetric applications were employed broadly to test organic peroxides on a small-scale because of their thermal hazards, such as exothermic behavior and self-accelerating decomposition in the laboratory. In essence, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) is highly reactive and exothermically unstable. In recent years, it has undergone many thermal explosions and runaway reaction incidents in the manufacturing process. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), vent sizing package 2 (VSP2), and thermal activity monitor (TAM) were employed to analyze thermokinetic parameters and safety index. The intent of the analyses was to facilitate the use of various auto-alarm equipments to detect over-pressure, over-temperature, and hazardous materials leaks for a wide spectrum of operations. Results indicated that MEKPO decomposition is detected at low temperatures (30-40 deg. C), and the rate of decomposition was shown to exponentially increase with temperature and pressure. Determining time to maximum rate (TMR), self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), maximum temperature (T max ), exothermic onset temperature (T 0 ), and heat of decomposition (ΔH d ) was essential for identifying early-stage runaway reactions effectively for industries.

Relations city - village in Trasmiera and Eastern zone of Cantabria: lineages, kinfolk and clienteles under the dominion of the Constables (XIV-XVI centuries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Osvaldo Pereyra

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the dynamic that acquired the relationships of aristocratic power in the lordship of the House of Velasco, hereditary Constables of the kingdom of Castile, based on the form taken by the intricate network of agents and service administrators manor located on level of the villages and towns that are part of the eastern Cantabria between the XIV and XVI, establishing for it the diverse mechanisms of solidarity, dependence and submission using for the Lord to exercise jurisdiction and control power through this set of plural communities and men. We intend to study the process of building the manor to a dynamic image that will provide depth and dimension and at the same time to understand the constitution of political domination, not only as an imposition from the top down, but also as a rearticulation and continuous negotiations involving both the Lord family and customers and the communities that are nested within their power

Comparative study of radiometric and calorimetric methods for total hemispherical emissivity measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Monchau, Jean-Pierre; Hameury, Jacques; Ausset, Patrick; Hay, Bruno; Ibos, Laurent; Candau, Yves

2018-05-01

Accurate knowledge of infrared emissivity is important in applications such as surface temperature measurements by infrared thermography or thermal balance for building walls. A comparison of total hemispherical emissivity measurement was performed by two laboratories: the Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE) and the Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Thermique, Environnement et Systèmes (CERTES). Both laboratories performed emissivity measurements on four samples, chosen to cover a large range of emissivity values and angular reflectance behaviors. The samples were polished aluminum (highly specular, low emissivity), bulk PVC (slightly specular, high emissivity), sandblasted aluminum (diffuse surface, medium emissivity), and aluminum paint (slightly specular surface, medium emissivity). Results obtained using five measurement techniques were compared. LNE used a calorimetric method for direct total hemispherical emissivity measurement [1], an absolute reflectometric measurement method [2], and a relative reflectometric measurement method. CERTES used two total hemispherical directional reflectometric measurement methods [3, 4]. For indirect techniques by reflectance measurements, the total hemispherical emissivity values were calculated from directional hemispherical reflectance measurement results using spectral integration when required and directional to hemispherical extrapolation. Results were compared, taking into account measurement uncertainties; an added uncertainty was introduced to account for heterogeneity over the surfaces of the samples and between samples. All techniques gave large relative uncertainties for a low emissive and very specular material (polished aluminum), and results were quite scattered. All the indirect techniques by reflectance measurement gave results within ±0.01 for a high emissivity material. A commercial aluminum paint appears to be a good candidate for producing samples with medium level of emissivity

An isoperibol micro-bomb calorimeter for measurement of the enthalpy of combustion of organic compounds. Application to the study of succinic acid and acetanilide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rojas, Aaron. E-mail: arojas@mail.cinvestav.mx; Valdes, Alejandro

2003-08-01

A micro static-bomb combustion calorimeter, developed from a 1107 Parr semi-micro bomb, has been provided with a new micro-bomb and calorimetric bucket. In the best conditions of operation, the energy equivalent of this calorimetric arrangement is just {epsilon}(calor)=(731.82 {+-} 0.22) J {center_dot} K{sup -1}, which means an uncertainty of 0.03 per cent for the calibration with benzoic acid NIST 39j. This combustion calorimeter has been used in the measurement of the enthalpy of combustion of the succinic acid and acetanilide, giving -(1489.3 {+-} 1.6) kJ {center_dot} mol{sup -1} and -(4222.5 {+-} 1.1) kJ {center_dot} mol{sup -1}, respectively, for these substances.

An isoperibol micro-bomb calorimeter for measurement of the enthalpy of combustion of organic compounds. Application to the study of succinic acid and acetanilide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas, Aaron.; Valdes, Alejandro

2003-01-01

A micro static-bomb combustion calorimeter, developed from a 1107 Parr semi-micro bomb, has been provided with a new micro-bomb and calorimetric bucket. In the best conditions of operation, the energy equivalent of this calorimetric arrangement is just ε(calor)=(731.82 ± 0.22) J · K -1 , which means an uncertainty of 0.03 per cent for the calibration with benzoic acid NIST 39j. This combustion calorimeter has been used in the measurement of the enthalpy of combustion of the succinic acid and acetanilide, giving -(1489.3 ± 1.6) kJ · mol -1 and -(4222.5 ± 1.1) kJ · mol -1 , respectively, for these substances

Asphaltene self-association: Modeling and effect of fractionation with a polar solvent

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Garcia, Daniel Merino; Murgich, J; Andersen, Simon Ivar

2004-01-01

of DeltaH(a) obtained suggest that a fraction of asphaltenes is not active in the calorimetric experiments. Asphaltenes from Venezuela (LM1) and Mexico (KU) have been fractionated by precipitation with a mixture of acetone and toluene. It is considered that the most polar compounds are collected...

The Movement of Tlaxcaltecas Indians Families to North Region of Nueva Galicia (Virreinato de la Nueva España). A Policy of Colonization and Pacification of the Spanish Empire at the End of the XVI Century

OpenAIRE

José Rojas Galván

2016-01-01

At the end of the XVI century, the Spanish empire had the necessity to create a series of strategies to access deposits of metal deposits located them in the North of Nueva España. These metal deposits were very important to the colony economy. The porpouse of this text in to analize the colonization and pacification policy that the Spanish goverment used in the North of Nueva Galicia during this history period of time, in which a group of tlaxcaltecas families took the leading role. The meth...

El rol de las alianzas entre misioneros e indígenas en la conquista de Apolobamba (siglos XVI-XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santamaría, Daniel J

2006-08-01

Full Text Available This article shows the role accomplished by political alliances between catholic orders and indigenous groups during the Spanish conquest of the Apolobamba high forests. This was an alternative way to set missions positions and power spaces in front of the military State advance. Furthermore, this strategy shows that catholic orders did not form a compact block neither with the State nor with more or less irregular troops which entered to Apolobamba from the middle sixteenth century, as they looked indeed at any moment for their own autonomy based on indigenous consensus.

Este artículo demuestra el rol que cumplieron en la ocupación española de las selvas de Apolobamba las alianzas políticas entre órdenes religiosas y grupos aborígenes, como modo alternativo de fijar posiciones y espacios de poder frente al avance militar oficial. Esta estrategia demuestra a la vez que las órdenes no formaron un bloque compacto con el estado ni con las tropas más o menos irregulares que penetraron Apolobamba desde mediados del siglo XVI, sino que aspiraron en todo momento a su propia autonomía mediante el logro del consenso indígena.

A Study of the Deformation, Network, and Aging of Polyethylene Oxide Films by Infrared Spectroscopy and Calorimetric Measurements

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Carl Bergeron

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The calorimetric and infrared (IR spectroscopy measurements of polyethylene oxide (PEO are used to evaluate the deformation and relaxation that films experience during a temperature cycle (30°C–90°C–30°C. After melting, the intensity of some bands decreases by 10 to 70%. During the temperature cycle, the C–O band in the 1100 cm−1 region and the C–C–O deformation bands at 650 and 500 cm−1 show some new features. A network of cooperative oxygen-hydrogen interactions between the PEO chains form in films with special history, namely, in thermally treated films, in thin films prepared from gel forming solutions, and in thick films after aging. The interchain interaction network is suggested from the IR absorption bands in the 1200 and 900 cm−1 region and also from small bands at 1144 and 956 cm−1. The network seems absent or reduced in thin films. IR spectroscopy appears a sensitive technique to study chain conformations in PEO films and in other materials where order, disorder, and the formation of intermolecular interactions coexist.

Microchip power compensated calorimetry applied to metal hydride characterization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sepulveda, A.; Lopeandia, A.F.; Domenech-Ferrer, R.; Garcia, G.; Pi, F.; Rodriguez-Viejo, J. [Nanomaterials and Microsystems Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Munoz, F.J. [Instituto de Microelectronica de Barcelona, Centro Nacional de Microelectronica, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain)

2008-06-15

In this work, we show the suitability of the thin film membrane-based calorimetric technique to measure kinetically limited phase transitions such as the dehydrogenation of metallic hydrides. Different compounds such as Mg, Mg/Al and Mg{sub 80}Ti{sub 20} have been deposited over the active area of the microchip by electron beam evaporation. After several hydrogenation treatments at different temperatures to induce the hydride formation, calorimetric measurements on the dehydrogenation process of those thin films, either in vacuum or in air, are performed at a heating rate of 10 C/min. We observe a significant reduction in the onset of dehydrogenation for Mg{sub 80}Ti{sub 20} compared with pure Mg or Mg/Al layers, which confirms the beneficial effect of Ti on dehydrogenation. We also show the suitability of the membrane-based nanocalorimeters to be used in parallel with optical methods. Quantification of the energy released during hydrogen desorption remains elusive due to the semi-insulating to metallic transition of the film which affects the calorimetric trace. (author)

Estudio de la reacción de curado del sistema éter diglicidílico del bisfenol-A (DGEBA) y la dietilentriamina (DETA) por calorimetría diferencial de barrido

OpenAIRE

González Garcia Filiberto; Galego Fernández Norma

2000-01-01

La reacción de curado del sistema compuesto por el éter diglicidílico del bisfenol-A (DGEBA) y la dietilentriamina (DETA) fue estudiada por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC). Diferentes expresiones cinéticas fueron encontradas por experimentos isotérmicos y dinámicos las que justifican cambios mecanísticos con la temperatura de cura. La cinética de la reacción cumple un segundo orden cinético con una energía de activación de 90 kJ mol-1 a altas temperaturas (mecanismo no catalítico). ...

Preparation of unlabelled and 3H-labelled epitestosterone and its metabolites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kasal, A.; Pouzar, V.; Fuksova, K.

1993-01-01

Cold as well as 3 H-labelled substrates and metabolites IX-XI, XV, XVI, XX-XXII, XXIV, XXV and XXVIII were prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of epitestosterone (VIII) and λ 1 -dehydroepitestosterone (XIII). The key step in the preparation of compound XXVIII was reaction of 3β-tosylates XXVI and XXX with potassium nitrite in dimethyl sulfoxide. (author) 1 tab., 2 figs., 37 refs

La ciudad palatina de la Alhambra y las obras realizadas en el siglo XVI a la luz de sus libros de cuentas

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Matilde Casares López

2009-07-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo, parte de mi tesis doctoral, aporta un singular estudio de la Alhambra elaborado desde la información obtenida de los libros de cuentas de las obras reales de este Real Sitio. Con el presente trabajo comprobaremos que este tipo de fuentes contienen valiosos datos para la Historia en general pero ante todo para la Historia Económica. En el caso concreto que abordamos, nos han servido para conocer cómo, cuando y donde se realizaron reparos, remodelaciones y nuevas construcciones en la Alhambra del siglo XVI, tema de vital importancia para la Historia del Arte de este monumento. Las obras reales de la Alhambra fueron iniciadas en la etapa de los Reyes Católicos, al día siguiente de la entrada en el recinto, cuando comprobaron el deterioro de esta bella ciudadela y fortaleza. Con el mismo ahínco y respeto fueron seguidas por su nieto Carlos V, quien sumó, al antiguo conjunto palaciego, la construcción del palacio imperial y su entorno urbanístico renacentistas. Finalmente, las obras fueron continuadas por Felipe II y sus sucesores los Austrias. Gracias al esfuerzo económico realizado por ellos, sobre todo durante el siglo XVI, hoy podemos contemplar la Alhambra. Ratifican lo dicho los Cargos y Datas de los libros de cuentas de Ceprián y Gaspar, fedatarios del volumen de las inversiones y de los considerables gastos realizados por la Real Hacienda castellana en las obras de la Alhambra1. Es valiosísima la aportación de los citados libros al respecto ya que recogen, detalladamente, los ingresos recibidos de cada una de esas consignaciones y su procedencia. Del mismo modo las datas nos proporcionan la cuantificación del gasto de las obras, pormenorizado por conceptos, en qué lugar del recinto se realizaron, qué materiales utilizaron y quiénes fueron sus proveedores –incluyendo curiosidades como la dificultad de la lejanía de canteras e incluso las particulares situaciones laborales de alguno de sus

Comparación del gasto energético en reposo determinado mediante calorimetría indirecta y estimado mediante fórmulas predictivas en mujeres con grados de obesidad I a III

OpenAIRE

Alicia Parra-Carriedo; Loren Cherem-Cherem; Daniela Galindo-De Noriega; Mary Carmen Díaz-Gutiérrez; Ana Bertha Pérez-Lizaur; César Hernández-Guerrero

2013-01-01

Introducción: La determinación del gasto energético en reposo (GER) se calcula cotidianamente a partir de fórmulas predictivas aunque el resultado varía dependiendo de la población. Objetivo: Comparar la determinación del GER mediante calorimetría indirecta y mediante las ecuaciones Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin (MF), Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), "Institute of Medicine" (IOM), Fórmula Rápida (FR) y Valencia (VA) en mujeres con grados de obesidad I a III. Métodos: Mujeres adultas me...

Calorimetric measurement of afterheat in target materials for the accelerator production of tritium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perry, R.B.

1994-01-01

The estimate of afterheat in a spallation target of lead (Pb) or tungsten (W), by calorimetry, is the purpose of this experiment in support of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT). Such measurements are needed to confirm code calculations, these being the only practical way of gaining this type of information in a form suitable to aid the design of the APT machine. Knowledge of the magnitude and duration of afterheat resulting from decay of activation products produced by proton bombardment of the target is necessary to quantify APT safety assumptions, to design target cooling and safety systems, and to reduce technical risk. Direct calorimetric measurement of the afterheat for the appropriate incident proton energies is more reliable than the available alternative, which is indirect, based on data from gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements. The basic concept, a direct measurement of decay afterheat which bypasses the laborious classical way of determining this quantity, has been demonstrated to work. The gamma-ray energy given off by the decay products produced in the activation of lead or tungsten with high-energy protons apparently does represent a significant fraction of the total decay energy. A calorimeter designed for measurement of isotopes decaying by alpha emission must be modified to reduce energy lost with escaping gamma rays. Replacement of the aluminum liner with a tungsten liner in the SSC measurement chamber resulted in a 270% increase in measured heat, proving that the energy loss in the earlier (1992) measurements was significant. Gamma-ray measurements are needed to confirm the gamma-ray absorption calculations for the calorimeter to determine the correction for loss of heat due to transmission of high-energy gamma rays through the calorimeter walls. The experiments at BLIP have shown that calorimetry can be a useful tool in measuring the afterheat in APT target materials

Calorimetric and Light Scattering Investigations of the Transition from Spherical to Wormlike Micelles of C₁₄TAB Triggered by Salicylate.

Science.gov (United States)

Ito, Thiago Heiji; Rodrigues, Roberta Kamei; Loh, Watson; Sabadini, Edvaldo

2015-06-09

Although wormlike micelles (WLM) were first described more than 30 years ago, many aspects of their formation process are still unclear. Herein, a systematic experimental investigation of the process for wormlike micelle (WLM) formation in mixtures of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C14TAB) and salicylate (2-hydroxybenzoate) was carried out. This system was used as a model to investigate the conditions for the formation of the giant aggregate. For comparison, the other two isomers of salicylate (3- and 4-hydroxybenzoate) were also investigated, once in these cases wormlike micelles are not formed. The studies were based on calorimetric titration, static light scattering, and rheological measurements. Enthalpy changes upon titration of C14TAB into 2-hydroxybenzoate solutions revealed a highly cooperative and exothermic process that was associated with micelle growth. The size of the aggregates, obtained by static light scattering measurements, confirms the shape transition. In addition, the correlation of these two sets of results with measurements of micelle charge surface indicates that this transition occurs around the point of charge neutralization.

Thermochemistry of selected trivalent lanthanide and americium compounds: orthorhombic and hexagonal hydroxycarbonates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rorif, F.; Fuger, J.; Desreux, J.F.

2005-01-01

The molar enthalpies of dissolution of a number of well-characterized hexagonal hydroxycarbonates Ln(OH)CO 3 (hex) (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu) in 6.00 mol dm -3 HCl were measured at 298.15K. A new sealed solution micro-calorimeter was developed for this purpose. It was made of an 18-carat gold alloy in order to improve the performances of a calorimeter previously built in our laboratory. The following standard molar enthalpies of formation, Δ f H m [Ln(OH)CO 3 , hex], in kJ mol -1 , were calculated: -(1627.8±1.6), -(1614.8±1.9), -(1613.4±1.6), and -(1523.0±3.0), for the La, Nd, Sm, and Eu compounds, respectively. These results allowed an extrapolation to Δ f H m [Eu(OH)CO 3 .0.5H 2 O, orth] = -(1653.4±3.6) kJ mol -1 and to Δ f H m [Am(OH)CO 3 , hex] = -(1552.5±3.3) kJ mol -1 . Using auxiliary data and estimated entropies, the solubility products of the hexagonal hydroxycarbonates were calculated. They are compared here with values deduced from solubility and calorimetric measurements for the corresponding orthorhombic hydroxycarbonates. Our approach generally leads to values similar to those deduced from solubility studies. The orthorhombic form is found to be metastable with respect to the hexagonal form. (orig.)

Eventos El Niño y lluvias anormales en la Costa del Perú: siglos XVI-XIX

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1992-01-01

Full Text Available ÉVÉNEMENTS EL NIÑO ET PLUIES ANORMALES SUR LA COTE DU PEROU, XVI - XIX SIECLES. L’établissement d’une chronologie des manifestations du phénomène “El Niño” au cours des siècles derniers revêt une grande importance pour les chercheurs qui étudient ce type d’altération presque périodique du climat du globe terrestre. C’est pour cela qu’ont été rassemblés ici les principaux textes historiques qui mentionnent des pluies anormales et les inondations de la côte nord du Pérou entre 1532 et 1891. Un tableau synoptique résume les dates disponibles sur les pluies et les inondations de la côte nord du Pérou et comprend une critique des sources historiques ainsi qu’un essai de classification des anomalies climatiques. L’analyse des sources présentées ici conduit les auteurs à mettre en doute la reconstitution de l’avènement, ou de l’intensité, de certains évènements El Niño telles qu’elles ont été proposées par certains auteurs (Quinn et al., 1987. El establecimiento de una cronología de las ocurrencias del fenómeno El Niño en los últimos siglos tiene mucha trascendencia para los investigadores que estudian este tipo de alteración casi periódica del clima del globo terráqueo. Para tal fin, se junta aquí los principales textos históricos que mencionan lluvias anormales y anomalías meteorológicas ocurridas en el Perú entre 1532 y 1891. Un cuadro sinóptico resume los datos disponibles sobre las lluvias e inundaciones de la costa norte del Perú, e incluye una crítica de las fuentes históricas así como un intento de clasificación de las anomalías climáticas. El análisis de estas fuentes aquí presentadas lleva los autores a poner en duda la reconstitución de la ocurrencia y de la intensidad de algunos eventos El Niño tal como fueron propuestas por autores anteriores (Quinn et al., 1987. EL NIÑO PHENOMENA AND UNUSUAL PRECIPITATIONS IN COASTAL PERU, XVI-XIXTH CENTURIES. The establishment of a

Calorimetric investigation of (Pb0.45Bi0.55)-U system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarwal, Renu; Samui, Pradeep; Mukerjee, S.K.; Ramakumar, K.L.

2016-01-01

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is being considered as a coolant of future high temperature reactors. As lead and bismuth are good spallation target material, they are planned to be used in accelerator driven reactor systems (ADS). Under the clad breach conditions these elements may come in direct contact with uranium of metallic fuel. In our labs, we had earlier investigated binary interactions of U-Pb and U-Bi. To assess interaction behaviour of 'U' with the eutectic melt, it was planned to measure enthalpy of mixing of LBE-U and compares it with the binary mixing. SEM-EDS studies of the product formed after mixing of LBE and 'U' were carried out to establish coexisting phases and their compositions. UPb 3 is Pb-rich compound of U-Pb and UBi 2 is Bi-rich compound of U-Bi. So addition of 'U' in (Pb 0.45 Bi 0.55 ) will result in formation of the more stable compound among UPb 3 and UBi 2

OLDTURKISHMEDICINE(XIV. - XVI. CENTURIESPROCEDURES FORMEASURINGAND DIMENSIONS ESKİ TÜRK TIBBINDA (XIV. - XVI. YÜZYILLAR ÖLÇÜLER VE ÖLÇME USULLERİ

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Gürkan GÜMÜŞATAM

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Turkishhistory of science, and with it the language ofsciencehas advancedthe course ofTurkishXIV.-XV.centurymedicalbooksterms of the datacontainsrichdata. Theimportanceof scientificworkswrittenin thiscenturyTurkishphysiciansin the works ofthe eraby puttingadministratorsin favor ofTurkish,complied withrequests. In this way,Turkishas the language ofsciencehas grown. Since theTurkishworks ofwritingfromamong those wholivedcenturiesphysicianshaveindicated. Centuries,written inplain languageratherthanthe worksnextpostin the works ofthe erathatthe presence ofdifferenttypes offace, observethe waysof their usage. The presence oftherelevanttermsofthesedimensionsandscalesare also available. The names given tounitsof measure, scales, and their useof suchwords inthe relevant departmentsin terms ofreachingasource ofpharmaceuticalproductions. The majority ofdetectionand usesthese termsfromArabicand Persianformedthe subject ofthisreview. The datasetwasselectedsixmedicalbook. As a result,Turkish,Arabicand Persianas well asinclusionof measurementunitsby using thedrawingsinthe waysof expressionis the resulthad been reached. Türk bilim tarihi ve onunla birlikte gelişme göstermiş Türk bilim dilinin seyri XIV.-XVI. yüzyıl tıp kitaplarındaki veriler bakımından zengin bulgular içerir. İlmî eserlerin Türkçe yazılmasına önem gösterilen bu dönemde hekimler Türkçeden yana tavır koyarak devrin yöneticilerinin isteklerine uymuşlardır. Bu sayede Türkçe bilim dili olarak gelişme göstermiştir. Eserlerini Türkçe yazmaktan yana olanlar arasında belirtilen yüzyıllar arasında yaşamış hekimler de vardır. Sonraki yüzyılllarda yazılmış eserlere nazaran oldukça yalın bir dille kaleme alınmış devrin eserlerinde değişik türden söz varlığıyla karşılaşmakta, bunların kullanım yollarını gözlenebilmektedir. Bu söz varlığı arasında ölçüler ve ölçeklerle ilgili terimler de bulunur. Ölçü birimlerine verilen adlar, �

Experimental study of the heat of combustion of electrical cables: Pitcairn/calorimetre test bench

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gautier, B.; Bosseboeuf, G.

1995-11-01

The R and D has been developing for about ten years, through the MAGIC software, a modeling program on the propagation of fire in power plants. The potential fuels in a power plant are mainly limited to the oils existing in engines and control systems, and electric cables. Those cables present a complex combustion due to their fire-resistant design. In order to study that combustion, two test benches, the PITCAIRN oven and the CALORIMETRE EDF/CNRS have been linked. This report presents briefly the experimental installation, then it comments on the first experimental data obtained with two types of samples, a PVC and an EPR-Hypalon cable. The tested cables are selected from those commonly used in French Nuclear Power Plants. They present complex components (fire-retarding chemical agents, mechanical reinforcement). The data show that the behavior of those cables cannot be reduced to a mass loss rate associated to a constant Heat of Combustion. The Heat of Combustion of the PVC cable tested varies little at the beginning of the pyrolysis from 5 kJ.g -1 to 10 kJ.g -1 , then increases quickly up to 30 kJ.g -1 . In the same way, the EPR-Hypalon cable shows a continuous and slow increase of the Heat of Combustion from 1 kJ.g -1 to 20 kJ.g -1 during the pyrolysis, then rises quickly up to 40 kJ.g -1 at the end. Those data corroborate the thesis of the dilution of flammable species by fire-retarding agents, which lower the Heat of combustion but seems to disappear at the end of the pyrolysis. (authors). 7 refs., 6 figs

Determination of enthalpy–temperature–composition relations in incongruent-melting phase change materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desgrosseilliers, Louis; Allred, Paul; Groulx, Dominic; White, Mary Anne

2013-01-01

This paper demonstrates that liquidus line (T-x) data can be obtained from calorimetric determinations of phase transition enthalpy profiles (H-T) for incongruent-melting phase change materials (PCMs) more efficiently than using traditional cooling curves. An accurate and reliable equilibrium mixture enthalpy model bridges the H-T and T-x gap to provide a full suite of high density H-T-x data to assist latent heat energy storage researchers to evaluate composition-dependent two-phase equilibrium processes. The proposed method is validated for T-history method H-T determinations of 1:1 diluted sodium acetate trihydrate in water, and can also be used with other laboratory calorimetric techniques used to determine the phase transition enthalpy profiles of incongruent-melting compounds. -- Highlights: • H-T data can also be used to obtain valuable liquidus region T-x data. • Applies to all incongruent-melting compounds with known thermodynamic properties. • Reduces the effort and cost of assessing full suite H-T-x data for PCMs. • Uses existing T-x or H-T data of incongruent-melting PCMs to determine the other

Differential Alterations in Excitatory and Inhibitory Networks Involving Dentate Granule Cells Following Chronic Treatment with Distinct Classes of NMDAR Antagonists in Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-08

Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Copyright Statement The author herby certitles thaI the use of any copyrighted material in the thesis...synaptic Ras-GTPase activating protein TBI: traumatic brain injury TeNT: tetanus toxin TLE: temporal lobe epilepsy TEA : tetraethylammonium TTX...antagonist QX-314 non membrane permeable sodium channel blocker TEA Kv channel blocker XVI XVII List of compounds and their pharmacological actions

High-temperature dehydration behavior and ionic conduction of 2,5-dimethylanilinium chloride monohydrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guidara, Sameh, E-mail: sameh_guidara@yahoo.fr; Feki, Habib; Abid, Younes

2016-07-05

The 2,5-dimethylanilinium chloride monohydrate compound is obtained by slow evaporation at room temperature. This material is characterized by DSC, X-Ray powder diffraction, Raman and impedance spectroscopy technique measured in the 2.10{sup 2}–5.10{sup 6} Hz frequency and 292–422 K temperature ranges. The calorimetric study has revealed three endothermic peaks at 355 K, 392 K and 403 K which defines four successive phases denoted I, II, III and IV. The first peak corresponds to water escape from the crystal. After heating above 355 K, the compound dehydrates and the crystal space group changes from non-centrosymmetric to centrosymmetric symmetry. The activation energy responsible for dielectric relaxation extracted from the modulus spectra is found to be almost the same as the value obtained from temperature variation of dc conductivity for phases I and IV. These results indicate that the transport is through ion hopping mechanism. The influence of the dehydration process on the compound conductivity was also discussed. - Highlights: • The calorimetric study of 2,5-DACM has revealed three endothermic peaks. • The dielectrical properties were studied using the impedance measurements. • The X ray powder diffraction has been performed. • The mobility of the charge carriers was reported and discussed.

Thermogravimetric, Calorimetric, and Structural Studies of the Co3 O4 /CoO Oxidation/Reduction Reaction

Science.gov (United States)

Unruh, Karl; Cichocki, Ronald; Kelly, Brian; Poirier, Gerald

2015-03-01

To better assess the potential of cobalt oxide for thermal energy storage (TES), the Co3O4/CoO oxidation/reduction reaction has been studied by thermogravimetric (TGA), calorimetric (DSC), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements in N2 and atmospheric air environments. TGA measurements showed an abrupt mass loss of about 6.6% in both N2 and air, consistent with the stoichiometric reduction of Co3O4 to CoO and structural measurements. The onset temperature of the reduction of Co3O4 in air was only weakly dependent on the sample heating rate and occurred at about 910 °C. The onset temperature for the oxidation of CoO varied between about 850 and 875 °C for cooling rates between 1 and 20 °C/min, but complete re-conversion to Co3O4 could only be achieved at the slowest cooling rates. Due to the dependence of the rate constant on the oxygen partial pressure, the oxidation of Co3O4 in a N2 environment occurred at temperatures between about 775 and 825 °C for heating rates between 1 and 20 °C/min and no subsequent re-oxidation of the reduced Co3O4 was observed on cooling to room temperature. In conjunction with a measured transition heat of about 600 J/g of Co3O4, these measurements indicate that cobalt oxide is a viable TES material.

Calorimetric studies and lessons on fires and explosions of a chemical plant producing CHP and DCPO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsu, Jing-Ming; Su, Mao-Sheng; Huang, Chiao-Ying; Duh, Yih-Shing

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► We analyzed fire and explosion incidents in a plant producing CHP and DCPO. ► Data from calorimeters reveal causes and phenomena associated with the incidents. ► The credible worst scenario was thermal explosion. ► Incidents may be avoided by implementing DIERS methodology. - Abstract: Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) has been used in producing phenol, dicumyl peroxide (DCPO) and as an initiator for synthesizing acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) resin by copolymerization in Taiwan. Four incidents of fire and explosion induced by thermal runaway reactions were occurred in a same plant producing CHP, DCPO and bis-(tert-butylperoxy isopropyl) benzene peroxide (BIBP). The fourth fire and explosion occurred in the CHP reactor that resulted in a catastrophic damage in reaction region and even spread throughout storage area. Descriptions on the occurrences of these incidents were assessed by the features of processes, reaction schemes and unexpected side reactions. Calorimetric data on thermokinetics and pressure were used for explaining the practical consequences or which the worst cases encountered in this kind of plant. Acceptable risk associated with emergency relief system design is vital for a plant producing organic peroxide. These basic data for designing an inherently safer plant can be conducted from adiabatic calorimetry. An encouraging deduction has been drawn here, these incidents may be avoided by the implementation of API RP 520, API RP 521, DIERS technology, OSHA 1910.119 and AIChE's CCPS recommended PSM elements.

Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, quantum mechanical study and spectroscopic characterization of the non-centrosymmetric coordination compound bis(4-fluoroaniline)dichloridozincate

Science.gov (United States)

Ben Nasr, M.; Soudani, S.; Lefebvre, F.; Jelsch, C.; Ben Nasr, C.

2017-06-01

The Zn(II) complex with the monodentate ligand 4-fluoroaniline, ZnCl2(C6H4FNH2)2, has been prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The Zn(II) ion is tetracoordinated by two nitrogen atoms of two monodentate 4-fluoroaniline ligands and two chlorine atoms. In the molecular arrangement, the ZnCl2(C6H4FNH2)2 entities are interconnected via Nsbnd H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to the (a, b) plane. The nature and proportion of contacts in the crystal packing were investigated through the Hirshfeld surfaces. The crystal is mainly maintained by electrostatic attractions Cl- … Hsbnd N and by extensive hydrophobic contacts as revealed by the Hirshfeld 2D fingerprint plots and statistical analysis. The13C and 19F CP-MAS NMR spectra are in agreement with the X-ray structure and confirm the phase purity of the crystalline sample. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. A calorimetric study shows that the title compound is stable until 262.5 °C.

Standard enthalpies of formation of uranium compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cordfunke, E.H.P.; Ouweltjes, W.

1977-01-01

Enthalpies of solution of β-UO 2 SO 4 and α-UO 2 SeO 4 in H 2 SO 4 (aq) and of UO 2 SeO 3 in H 2 SO 4 (aq) + Ce(SO 4 ) 2 have been measured calorimetrically. Together with measurements of the enthalpy of solution of γ-UO 3 in these solvents, the standard enthalpies of formation of anhydrous β-UO 2 SO 4 , α-UO 2 SeO 4 , and UO 2 SeO 3 have been derived. The results obtained are: ΔHsub(f) 0 (s, 298.15 K)/ kcalsub(th) mol -1 : β-UO 2 SO 4 , -(440.9 +- 0.2); α-UO 2 SeO 4 , -(367.9 +- 0.8); UO 2 SeO 3 , -(363.8 +- 0.2). (author)

Nivel de alfabetización en una ciudad castellana del siglo XVI: sectores sociales y grupos étnicos en Ávila

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Serafín de TAPIA SÁNCHEZ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Estas líneas se redactan con la voluntad de contribuir, desde el análisis local, a un mayor conocimiento de un fenómeno social tan importante y poco conocido como el del nivel cultural del conjunto de la población de las ciudades castellanas del siglo XVI. Hasta ahora en nuestro país las élites son las que han recibido la mayor atención a este respecto y ello por dos motivos; el primero porque quienes más precozmente se interesaron por el asunto fueron los historiadores de la literatura quienes, como es lógico, orientaron sus trabajos hacia los consumidores de la producción impresa, que resultan ser los miembros de las clases acomodadas; el segundo, porque la mayoría de los historiadores ha preferido rastrear el nivel cultural de las sociedades a través de un instrumento tan seguro al efecto como el análisis de los inventarios de bibliotecas, lo que necesariamente conduce a ocuparse fundamentalmente de los privilegiados, ya que hasta no hace mucho tiempo la posesión de libros ha sido monopolio de las élites a causa de su elevado precio.

Minería y metalurgia en la antigua gobernación del Tucumán (siglos XVI - XVII: Colonial Tucumán 16th and 17th Centuries Minig and metallurgy

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Geraldine Gluzman

2007-12-01

Full Text Available La actividad minera y la producción metalúrgica constituyen aspectos que jugaron papeles cruciales a lo largo del devenir histórico de las poblaciones nativas del Noroeste argentino. Por un lado, durante los tiempos prehispánicos, los objetos de metal y la producción metalúrgica acreditaron una alta valorización social. Por otro, la obtención de ganancias a partir del aprovechamiento minero se desarrolló como la actividad primordial detrás de los procesos de conquista y colonización del Nuevo Mundo durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Mientras es conocido que la extracción de metal fue uno de los principales espacios de explotación de mano de obra indígena en el Alto Perú, poco interés tuvo su análisis en el contexto de las rebeliones indígenas ocurridas en el valle Calchaquí hasta 1665. El objetivo es abordar los conflictos desplegados en esta región durante los siglos XVI y XVII tomando como eje la minería y metalurgia en la Antigua Gobernación del Tucumán.Mining activity and metallurgical production were aspects that played important roles during the history of the native Northwestern Argentine population. On the one hand, during the prehispanic times, metal objects and metallurgical production had a high social value. On the other hand, profiting from mining was the primary activity during the processes of conquest and colonization in the New World during the 16th and 17th centuries. While it is known that the extraction of metal was one of the main elements of exploitation of indigenous labor force in Alto Peru, little attention has been paid to its analysis in the context of the native rebellions in the Calchaqui valley before 1665. The objective is to study the conflicts in this area during the 16th and 17th centuries, focusing on mining and metallurgy in the Antigua Gobernación del Tucumán.

Compatibilidad química del piracetam determinada por calorimetría diferencial de barrido

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Luis Octavio Martínez Álvarez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: en la primera etapa de preformulación de un medicamento se seleccionan los excipientes y es importante la realización de los estudios de compatibilidad química entre el ingrediente activo farmacéutico (IFA y excipientes. Una de las técnicas más rápidas para realizar dichos estudios es la Calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC, y como técnica complementaria la Termogravimetría (TG. Objetivo: empleando DSC y TG, se realiza un estudio de compatibilidad química entre IFA y excipientes preseleccionados, para comprobar la existencia o no de interacción química. Métodos: el equipo empleado fue el TA3000Mettler, aco­plado a la celda DSC20 y al horno TG50. El IFA utilizado fue Piracetam, y los excipientes: Kollidon VA 64, Estearato de magnesio, Celulosa microcristalina, Polietilenglicol 20 000 y Aerosil. Dichos excipientes se caracterizaron por DSC al igual que el IFA, al cual se le detectó la transición física de fusión. Para el estudio de compatibilidad se prepararon mezclas físicas binarias en una relación de concentración 1:1 Resultados: la figura 1 muestra la detección del punto de fusión por DSC del IFA. Se obtuvieron dos transiciones endotérmicas, comprobándose por TG cuál era la de fusión. La figura 2 muestra los termogramas de las mezclas formadas entre IFA y excipientes. Conclusiones: no se detectó aparición de nuevos picos, por lo que se infiere que no hay incompatibilidad química entre las sustancias estudiadas y se recomienda el uso de los excipientes para el desarrollo de la formulación farmacéutica.

Poder y ordenamiento espacial en la Costa Caribe colombiana: Patrones de asentamiento en el Partido de Cartagena (Tierradentro- Provincia de Cartagena de Indias, siglos XVI - XVII

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Camilo Díaz Pardo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En la literatura histórica colombiana y caribeña se ha dado un fuerte acento en el papel que jugaron las ciudades y las regiones que emergieron de ellas en ola formación la moderna cultura caribeña. En la arqueología el énfasis se ha limitado a analizar procesos prehispánicos adaptativos a condiciones cambiantes del medio ambiente dejando de manera tacita fuera de foco la discusión de las consecuencias sociales y culturales de la conquista y la colonia y su impacto en el tejido social que surgiría a finales del siglo XVI. Estas delimitaciones disciplinarias se han convertido en un obstáculo para el conocimiento e interpretación de las dinámicas que siguieron al impulso inicial de la colonización del litoral caribeño y la bien conocida fundación de los centros militares y administrativos. Consecuentemente los historiadores han ignorado en gran parte el papel de las poblaciones aborígenes en la formación de los asentamientos al interior de la llanura costera a pesar que es un hecho bien conocido que no desaparecieron completamente después del siglo XVI. A pesar de que han existido intentos de sintetizar y complementar la información histórica con datos arqueológicos especialmente en los últimos diez años no hemos asistido a un evaluación del campo que consideramos de la mayor importancia para entender la estrategias a traves de las cuales las comunidades aborígenes y algo mas tarde las comunidades de composición mixta africano-indígena y mestizas establecieron exitosamente una serie de asentamientos fuera del sistema colonial reinante. El análisis de los patrones de asentamiento se ha restringido a estudios arqueológicos pero su potencial se extiende mucho mas alla de esta disciplina. La colonia en el siglo XVIII registra un gran número de asentamientos en las planicies caribeñas para los cuales tenemos muy poca información precedente, se hace necesario entonces entender el sistema de asentamientos que exitosamente

Religión, género y construcción de una sexualidad en los Andes (Siglos XVI y XVII. Una acercamiento provisional

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Armas Asin, Fernando

2001-12-01

Full Text Available This study emphasizes the conceptual changes in regard to sex, sexuality and general genre relations in the Andes, in the 16th and 17th centuries, in the context of the establishment of the colonial society. It is analyzed the way in which a new discourse on the body was developed as a consequence of the deeply represive baroque culture. This culture recreated religious values which controlled every aspect of the daily life. It also enforced a rigid legislation which ruled through society as a whole.

El estudio busca enfatizar los cambios conceptuales que se produjeron en torno al sexo, la sexualidad, y, en términos generales, en las relaciones de género en los Andes en los siglos XVI y XVII, en un contexto de establecimiento de la sociedad colonial. Se analiza cómo se construyó un nuevo discurso sobre el cuerpo en los Andes como consecuencia de la cultura barroca, profundamente represiva. Dicha cultura recreó valores religiosos que controlaban todos los aspectos de la vida diaria, además de poner en marcha una legislación muy rígida que reguló toda la sociedad.

Calorimetric measurements on refractory metals and alloys by means of electromagnetic levitation (Paper No. 42)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frohberg, M.G.; Betz, Gerhard

1979-01-01

Conventional calorimetric measurements for determining the enthalpy of solid and liquid metals or alloys have an upper temperature limit of around 1800-2000deg C. This limit is given by the thermal durability of the crucible material. To avoid these disadvantages, combination of levitation melting and drop calorimeter (levitation calorimetry) was performed in the last years. A critical analysis of the published works, however, shows that the temperature measurement and the determination of the temperature loss of the specimen during its falling period is still the problem. In consideration of these special circumstances, a levitation calorimeter was built in the Institute of Metallurgy of Technical University, Berlin. It consists of an evacuable levitation chamber. The levitation coil is connected via a transformator to a 25 KVA 500 KHz generator. The temperature of the specimen (weight 4-9 g) is measured and recorded by two different optical ways. The connected drop calorimeter is working isoperibolic. Its main part is a block of copper with a conical borehole for accepting the specimen. This copper block lies within a greater steel container which itself is in a water thermostat of a temperature 25deg C. In order to determine the calorimeter constant the calibration can be done by electrical means. To determine the temperature loss (5-10% error in enthalpy values) during the falling period between levitation coil and calorimeter many theoretical works and practical experiments have been done. First experiments on solid molybdenum in the temperature range of 2280-2750 K show a high accuracy of the measured values. Deviation from proposed ''best curve'' of Hultgreen is better than 0.3%. (auth.)

Políticas de la conversión. Memoria, testimonio y materialidad de la hispanización en la Nueva España (siglo XVI

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Ana Díaz Serrano

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto tiene como objetivo destacar la relación entre la proyección política de la Monarquía Hispánica en sus territorios de Ultramar y la acción evangelizadora. Las particularidades de la Iglesia indiana potenciaron la labor del clero regular, cuya influencia se extendió desde el ámbito de lo religioso hacia todas las esferas de la vida en las nuevas sociedades americanas. Evangelizar significó ante todo crear una identidad colectiva católica y, con ella, la base de la adhesión de los naturales al dominio del rey de España. Para ello destacamos la 'conquista espiritual' como un proceso paralelo y fuertemente ligado a la 'conquista militar', marcado por la violencia de una fe impositiva, anuladora del pasado prehispánico. Lo hacemos a través de imágenes y testimonios del siglo XVI que interpretaron los acontecimientos del cambio que dio lugar a la América hispánica.

Pioneirismo bibliográfico em um polímeta do séc. XVI: Conrad Gesner

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André Vieira de Freitas Araújo

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A Bibliografia é uma disciplina constituída por interfaces teóricas e práticas que, desde sua origem, têm fundamentado o tratamento documental. Possui uma longa história, cuja eminência está nas contribuições do cientista, erudito e bibliógrafo suíço, Conrad Gesner (1516-1565, e na sua obra Bibliotheca Universalis.Objetivo: 1 identificar as interfaces da Bibliografia, em particular a bibliotecária e material; 2 recuperar elementos constitutivos da cultura bibliográfica; 3 delinear o perfil biobibliográfico de Conrad Gesner; 4 identificar, de forma sumária, aspectos bibliográficos de Bibliotheca Universalis, do ponto de vista descritivo e semântico e 5 discutir seu sentido como dispositivo de mediação e memória bibliográfica.Metodologia: Revisão de literatura a partir da perspectiva histórica.Resultados: Gesner é um dos mais notáveis cientistas do período moderno, além de ser considerado o “pai da Bibliografia” e fundador da disciplina bibliográfica. Com Bibliotheca Universalis, delineou as práticas bibliográficas da Europa Moderna.Conclusões: Bibliotheca Universalis é mais do que um produto cultural e documentário: arrola aspectos da cultura manuscrita e impressa e traz implicitamente uma profunda reflexão descritiva e semântica sobre os documentos e os saberes. Tais aspectos não só contribuem à configuração histórica e conceitual da Bibliografia enquanto disciplina, mas, sobretudo, evidenciam o pioneirismo bibliográfico do polímeta do Séc. XVI.

Entalpía de disolución de sulfacetamida sódica en agua: comparación entre la calorimetría isoperibólica de solución y el método de van't Hoff

OpenAIRE

Torres,Daniel R.; Sosnik,Alejandro; Chiappetta,Diego; Vargas,Edgar F.; Martínez,Fleming

2008-01-01

The dissolution enthalpy (ΔH0soln) of sodium sulfacetamide in water was determined by means of isoperibolic solution calorimetry. It was found that ΔH0soln diminishes as the drug concentration increases. Otherwise, the calorimetric values obtained as a function of the drug concentration were significantly different than those predicted by the van't Hoff method. It was demonstrated that the later is not a fully reliable method for the determination of ΔH0soln values in the speci...

Calorimetric and computational study of indanones.

Science.gov (United States)

Matos, M Agostinha R; Miranda, Margarida S; Monte, Manuel J S; Santos, Luís M N B F; Morais, Victor M F; Chickos, James S; Umnahanant, Patamaporn; Liebman, Joel F

2007-11-01

Condensed phase standard (p degrees = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation for 1-indanone, 2-indanone, and 1,3-indandione were derived from the standard molar enthalpies of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation for 1-indanone and 2-indanone, at T = 298.15 K, were measured both by correlation-gas chromatography and by Calvet microcalorimetry leading to a mean value for each compound. For 1,3-indandione, the standard molar enthalpy of sublimation was derived from the vapor pressure dependence on temperature. The following enthalpies of formation in gas phase, at T = 298.15 K, were then derived: 1-indanone, -64.0 +/- 3.8 kJ mol(-1); 2-indanone, -56.6 +/- 4.8 kJ mol(-1); 1,3-indandione, -165.0 +/- 2.6 kJ mol(-1). The vaporization and fusion enthalpies of the indanones studied are also reported. In addition, theoretical calculations using the density functional theory with the B3LYP and MPW1B95 energy functionals and the 6-311G** and cc-pVTZ basis sets have been performed for these molecules and the corresponding one-ring species to obtain the most stable geometries and to access their energetic stabilities.

Calorimetric studies and lessons on fires and explosions of a chemical plant producing CHP and DCPO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hsu, Jing-Ming; Su, Mao-Sheng; Huang, Chiao-Ying [Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC (China); Duh, Yih-Shing, E-mail: yihshingduh@yahoo.com.tw [Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, No. 1 Lien-Da, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC (China)

2012-05-30

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We analyzed fire and explosion incidents in a plant producing CHP and DCPO. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Data from calorimeters reveal causes and phenomena associated with the incidents. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The credible worst scenario was thermal explosion. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Incidents may be avoided by implementing DIERS methodology. - Abstract: Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) has been used in producing phenol, dicumyl peroxide (DCPO) and as an initiator for synthesizing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin by copolymerization in Taiwan. Four incidents of fire and explosion induced by thermal runaway reactions were occurred in a same plant producing CHP, DCPO and bis-(tert-butylperoxy isopropyl) benzene peroxide (BIBP). The fourth fire and explosion occurred in the CHP reactor that resulted in a catastrophic damage in reaction region and even spread throughout storage area. Descriptions on the occurrences of these incidents were assessed by the features of processes, reaction schemes and unexpected side reactions. Calorimetric data on thermokinetics and pressure were used for explaining the practical consequences or which the worst cases encountered in this kind of plant. Acceptable risk associated with emergency relief system design is vital for a plant producing organic peroxide. These basic data for designing an inherently safer plant can be conducted from adiabatic calorimetry. An encouraging deduction has been drawn here, these incidents may be avoided by the implementation of API RP 520, API RP 521, DIERS technology, OSHA 1910.119 and AIChE's CCPS recommended PSM elements.

Thermodynamic properties of a smectite and an illite: comparison between solubility experiments and calorimetric results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gailhanou, H.; Gaboreau, S.; Gaucher, E.C.; Blanc, P.; Rogez, J.; Olives, J.; Amouric, M.; Van Miltenburg, J.C.; Michau, N.; Giffaut, E.

2010-01-01

Document available in extended abstract form only. In the context of nuclear waste repositories in argillaceous formations, it is necessary to assess the geochemical behaviour of natural and engineered clay barriers, namely by the stability of clay minerals over long periods of time. However, thermodynamic data of clay minerals, which are required for geochemical modelling, are still poorly known. The present study aims to improve our comprehension of clay mineral stability. The thermodynamic properties of smectite MX-80 and illite IMt-2 (Silver Hill, Montana) have already been determined using calorimetric methods between 0 K and 520 K, under both dried and hydrated states in the case of smectite. In parallel, solubility experiments were carried out in order to determine the solubility products of the clay minerals. Such experiments require some particular precautions as published by May et al. (1986) and Aja and Rosenberg (1992). According to these authors, it is namely important to reach the equilibrium from both under and over saturation and to characterize from a mineralogical point of view the end products. Taking advantage of previous calorimetric measurements, we propose to compare the solubility products obtained here from dissolution experiments with respect to calorimetry results, in order to assess the equilibrium achievement for the solubility experiments. The study is integrated in the Thermochimie project, which aims to provide a consistent thermodynamic database (Thermochimie) for modelling purposes. This work dealing with a smectite and an illite is being completed by the study of a set of typical clays, selected to be well-representative of the clay group. Enthalpies of formation of the minerals were determined by isothermal dissolution calorimetry at 25 deg. C, using a HF-HNO 3 solution. They were obtained by measuring the enthalpies of dissolution of (i) the sample (clay mineral + impurities) and (ii) the oxide or hydroxide constituent mixture

Las familias indígenas de Santafé, Nuevo Reino de Granada, según los testamentos de los siglos XVI y XVII

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Sandra Turbay Ceballos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis de 89 testamentos indígenas de Santafé, capital del Nuevo Reino de Granada, de los siglos XVI y XVII, da cuenta de las transformaciones de la familia muisca en la ciudad colonial. Desapareció la poliginia y el precio de la novia, y se legitimó el matrimonio a través del sacramento católico; se instauró la costumbre de la dote mediterránea y los hijos empezaron a heredar los bienes de su padre. Sin embargo, los testamentos demuestran la persistencia de algunos rasgos matrilineales en los legados que los hombres dejaban a los hijos de sus hermanas y en la sucesión de los cacicazgos. La migración masiva de indígenas a la nueva ciudad promovió el mestizaje y la reconfiguración de las familias indígenas que acogieron en su seno a huérfanos de diferente condición. Algunas mujeres alcanzaron posiciones inéditas y recurrieron a la Real Audiencia para defender los derechos que creían conculcados por sus maridos indígenas o por los padres españoles de sus hijos.

Compatibilidad química por calorimetría diferencial de barrido y termogravimetría del auranofin tabletas 3 mg Chemical compatibility of 3 mg Auranofin tablets demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry

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Luis Octavio Martínez Álvarez

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Como parte de la pre-estabilidad de la preformulación de auranofin tabletas, se realizó un estudio de compatibilidad química, para lo cual se emplearon técnicas de análisis térmico como la calorimetría diferencial de barrido y la termogravimetría. Previo a dichos estudios se caracterizó térmicamente por calorimetría diferencial de barrido el principio activo y cada uno de los excipientes. Posteriormente se procedió a la realización del estudio de compatibilidad química, mediante la preparación de mezclas físicas binarias entre el principio activo y cada uno de los excipientes. Se detectó por ambos métodos que el principio activo tuvo una transición física de fusión, no reportada en la literatura, lo que permitió poder calcular su pureza por calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Mediante la técnica calorimétrica fue posible inferir la ausencia de incompatibilidad química entre el principio activo y los excipientes estudiados. Además, mediante el cálculo de la energía de activación se estableció el siguiente orden de estabilidad térmica: auranofin:PVP> auranofin:lactosa> auranofin:explotab> auranofin:estearato> auranofin:aerosil> auranofin:celulosa, por lo que se recomienda el uso de estos excipientes en la elaboración de la formulación farmacéutica.As part of the pre-stability study of the Auranofin tablet pre-formulation, a chemical compatibility study was conducted using thermal analysis techniques such as the differential scanning calorimetry and the thermogravimetry. Prior to these studies, the active principle and each of the excipients were thermally characterized with the aid of the differential scanning calorimetry. Then, there proceeded to carry out the chemical compatibility study by preparing binary physical mixtures between the active principle and each of the excipients. Both methods showed that the active principle had a melting physical transition, not reported in the literature, which allowed

El valle de Jayanca y el reino de los Mochica, siglos XV y XVI

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1975-01-01

Full Text Available On peut dire que la Sierra et la Côte Nord restent inconnues pour la culture péruvienne. Les chroniqueurs et historiens des XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles ont délaissé cette région, attirés par les monuments et les richesses fabuleuses du Cuzco. Cependant, s'il y a absence quasi totale de chroniques sur les Tallán, Mochica et Chimus, il est certain qu'il existe d'autres moyens pour connaître leurs cultures matérielles et spirituelles, tels que les 'visites' et autres documents. C'est ainsi que l'on arrive à découvrir aujourd'hui les peuples protohistoriques et historiques qui ont vécu dans ce qui est actuellement le département de Lambayeque, la province de Pacasmayo et la vallée du Chicama, siège du royaume inconnu des Mochica qui se développa entre les XIIIe et XVIIe siècles sous une forme très différente de la culture archéologique et préhistorique de Moche. On démontre ici que rattacher à la 'Culture Mochica' les créatures des superbes vases-portraits est aussi faux que de rattacher à la 'Culture Aymara' les fondateurs de Chavin. En effet, les Mochica formèrent une société protohistorique et historique dont l'origine remonte au début du XIIIe siècle et qui a persisté jusqu'au milieu du XVIIe siècle. C'est ainsi que nous publions pour la première fois la 'visite' à Jayanca en 1540, écrite par Sébastian de la Gama. La sierra y costa norte, etnohistóricamente se puede decir que es casi tierra incógnita en la cultura peruana. Los cronistas e historiadores de los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII prácticamente las marginaron atraídos por las grandezas monumentales y riquezas fabulosas del Cuzco. Sin embargo, si bien hay ausencia casi total de crónicas sobre los Tallán, Mochica y Chimor, lo cierto es que existen otros instrumentos que permiten adentrarnos en sus culturas materiales y espirituales, como por ejemplo las visitas y otros documentos. Justo, gracias a ellos podemos descubrir hoy que los pueblos protohist

Calorimetric low-temperature detectors on semiconductor base for the energy-resolving detection of heavy ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kienlin, A. von.

1994-01-01

In the framework of this thesis for the first time calorimetric low-temperature detectors for the energy-resolving detection of heavy ions were developed and successfully applied. Constructed were two different detector types, which work both with a semiconductor thermistor. The temperature increasement effected by a particle incidence is read out. In the first detector type the thermistor was simutaneously used as absorber. The thickness of the germanium crystals was sufficient in order to stop the studied heavy ions completely. In the second type, a composed calorimeter, a sapphire crystal, which was glued on a germanium thermistor, served as absorber for the incident heavy ions. The working point of the calorimeter lies in the temperature range (1.2-4.2 K), which is reachable with a pumped 4 He cryostat. The temperatur increasement of the calorimeter amounts after the incidence of a single α particle about 20-30 μK and that after a heavy ion incidence up to some mK. An absolute energy resolution of 400-500 keV was reached. In nine beam times the calorimeters were irradiated by heavy ions ( 20 Ne, 40 Ar, 136 Xe, 208 Pb, 209 Bi) of different energies (3.6 MeV/nucleon< E<12.5 MeV/nucleon) elastically scattered from gold foils. In the pulse height spectra of the first detector type relatively broad, complex-structurated line shapes were observed. By systematic measurements dependences of the complex line structures on operational parameters of the detector, the detector temperature, and the position of the incident particle could be detected. Together with the results of further experiments a possible interpretation of these phenomena is presented. Contrarily to the complex line structures of the pure germanium thermistor the line shapes in the pulse height spectra, which were taken up in a composite germanium/sapphire calorimeter, are narrow and Gauss-shaped

[Балтийский вопрос в конце XVI-XVII вв. Сборник научных статей] / Andres Adamson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Adamson, Andres, 1964-

2011-01-01

Arvustus: Балтийский вопрос в конце XVI-XVII вв. Сборник научных статей / Hrsg. von Александр Филюшкин (Москва : Квардига, 2010)

A calorimetric and thermodynamic investigation of A2[(UO2)2(MoO4)O2] compounds with A = K and Rb and calculated phase relations in the system (K2MoO4 + UO3 + H2O)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lelet, Maxim I.; Suleimanov, Evgeny V.; Golubev, Aleksey V.; Geiger, Charles A.; Bosbach, Dirk; Alekseev, Evgeny V.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • We determined the low temperature heat capacity of A 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] compounds with A = K and Rb. • We determined enthalpy of formation of K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] by HF solution calorimetry. • We calculated Δ f G° (T = 298 K) of all phases from studied series. • Using obtained data we performed a thermodynamic modelling in the system (K 2 MoO 4 + UO 3 + H 2 O). - Abstract: A calorimetric and thermodynamic investigation of two alkali-metal uranyl molybdates with general composition A 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ], where A = K and Rb, was performed. Both phases were synthesized by solid-state sintering of a mixture of potassium or rubidium nitrate, molybdenum (VI) oxide and gamma-uranium (VI) oxide at high temperatures. The synthetic products were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods. The enthalpy of formation of K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] was determined using HF-solution calorimetry giving Δ f H° (T = 298 K, K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ], cr) = −(4018 ± 8) kJ · mol −1 . The low-temperature heat capacity, C p °, was measured using adiabatic calorimetry from T = (7 to 335) K for K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] and from T = (7 to 326) K for Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ]. Using these C p ° values, the third law entropy at T = 298.15 K, S°, is calculated as (374 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] and (390 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ]. These new experimental results, together with literature data, are used to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation, Δ f G°, for both phases giving: Δ f G° (T = 298 K, K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ], cr) = (−3747 ± 8) kJ · mol −1 and Δ f G° (T = 298 K, Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )], cr) = −3736 ± 5 kJ · mol −1 . Smoothed C p °(T) values between 0 K and 320 K are presented, along with values for S° and the functions [H°(T) − H°(0)] and [G°(T) − H°(0)], for both phases. The

Painters in the Splendor of Tunja: Naming Unrecognized Artists to Bring them out of Anonymity (XVI and XVII centuries

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Laura Liliana Vargas Murcia

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Tunja has stood out as one of the riches cities of New Kingdom of Granada, regarding the presence of painting in the last decades of the XVI century and the first half of the XVIIth. Its painters were of importance not only in this city but in the rest of the Province as well, with the churches and museums of Boyacá containing images that were essential elements in the indoctrination of indigenous communities. Civil mural works of art in Tunja have been an object of study mostly for their interpretation, and less regarding the identities of their makers. As far as easel painting, Angelino Medoro eclipsed the names of other artists who contributed to making Tunja one the the most representative cities of the Mannerism and Renaissance of Hispanic America. This article presents the names of some of the active painters of this period, their lives and production, seeking the recognition of these characters, whose names have been brought out of anonymity in the latest years. The starting point for the information search was the research of Magdalena Corradine Mora on the inhabitants of Tunja in the first decades of the XVII century, and the search for information in the Boyacá Regional Historical Archive. In calling attention upon these artists, we hope that, in the future, the identification of their works may be initiated as well as the research, conservation and dissemination of these works, due to the fact that this heritage is not always in ideal conditions, nor is it perceived and valued as is deserved.

Las relaciones de visitas «ad limina» de los obispos de Osma en los siglos XVI-XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonzalo Millán, David

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Review, analysis and study of the «relationes» or reports presented to the Sacred Congregation Council, by the bishops of Osma, owing to the visits «ad limina » that they carried out in the last years of the sixteenth century and thruoghout the seventeenth century. There are twelve relations in all, which correspond to the bishops, Pedro de Rojas (1595, Friar Enrique Enríquez (1607, Cristóbal de Lobera (1619, Friar Domingo Pimentel (1635, Martin Carrillo y Alderete (1637, Antonio Valdés (1644, 1647, 1649 and Friar Sebastián de Arévalo y Torres (1686, 1690, 1695, 1700. At the end the texts of said relations are offered transcribed in acordance with the documents kept in the Vatican Archives.

Reseña, análisis y estudio de las 'relationes' o informes presentados a la Sagrada Congregación del Concilio, por los obispos de Osma, con motivo de las visitas «ad limina» que realizaron en los últimos años del siglo XVI y durante todo el siglo XVII Son en total doce relaciones que corresponden a los obispos, D. Pedro de Rojas (1595, Fr. Enrique Enríquez (1607, D. Cristóbal de Lobera (1619, Fr. Domingo Pimentel (1635, D. Martín Carrillo y Alderete (1637, D. Antonio Valdés (1644, 1647, 1649 y Fr. Sebastián de Arévalo y Torres (1686, 1690, 1695, 1700. Al final se ofrecen transcritos los textos de dichas relaciones conforme a los documentos conservados en el Archivo Vaticano.

Thermomechanical and calorimetric behaviours of supported glass-forming films: A study based on thermodynamics with internal variables

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lion, Alexander; Engelhard, Marco; Johlitz, Michael

2012-01-01

In order to understand the temperature-dependent response behaviour of thin thermoviscoelastic films which are deposited on relative stiff but thermally deformable substrates it is important to consider the lateral geometric constraints. They are generated by differences in the thermal expansion properties between the substrate and the film and provoke internal stresses. Since glass-forming materials exhibit distinct temperature history-dependent thermal expansion and calorimetric properties, primarily in the vicinity of the glass transition, the situation is rather complicated. In this article, a recently developed three-dimensional model of thermodynamics with internal variables is applied and adapted to simulate this type of behaviour. Explicit relations are obtained for the specific heat of the film, the normal strain and the lateral stresses. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the magnitude of the internal stress at temperatures below the glass transition depends strongly on the cooling rate. It is also shown that the specific heat of the supported film is principally different from the isobaric specific heat of the bulk material: the glassy limit of the specific heat of the film is reduced but the glass transition temperature is almost uninfluenced. The simulated behaviour is in accordance with experimental observations from literature. - Highlights: ► For the specific heat, stress and strain of the film, explicit equations were derived. ► The constraints of the substrate reduce the glassy limit of specific heat of the film. ► Glass transition temperatures of free bulk material and supported film are equal. ► Simulations are in good agreement with experimental observations from literature.

Evaluation of inductive heating energy of a PF insert coil conductor by the calorimetric method (Contract research)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsui, Kunihiro; Nabara, Yoshihiro; Nunoya, Yoshihiko; Koizumi, Norikiyo; Okuno, Kiyoshi

2009-02-01

The PF Insert Coil is a single layer solenoid coil using a superconducting conductor designed for ITER, housed in a Poloidal field coil and installed in the bore of the CS Model Coil. A stability test of the conductor will be performed in a magnetic field generated by the CS Model Coil. In this test, the inductive heat of an inductive heater attached to the conductor will be applied to initiate a normal zone in the conductor. Since the conductor for the PF Insert Coil is a cable-in-conduit conductor, it is quite difficult to estimate inductive heating energy theoretically. Thus, the inductive heating energy is measured experimentally by the calorimetric method. The heating energy is in proportion to a constant multiplied by the integrated square of an applied sinusoidal current wave over the heating period. Experimental results show that the proportional constants of the conductor, cable, conduit and dummy conductor are 0.138 [J/A 2 s], 0.028 [J/A 2 s], 0.118 [J/A 2 s] and 0.009 [J/A 2 s], respectively. The first three denote not only the inductive heating but also the joule heating of the inductive heater. The final value denotes joule heating only. Therefore, subtracting the first three constants by the last one, the proportional constants of inductive heating generated in the conductor, cable and conduit are estimated to be 0.129 [J/A 2 s], 0.019 [J/A 2 s] and 0.109 [J/A 2 s], respectively. (author)

La performance teatral de las máquinas maravillosas. Configuraciones ambivalentes de la técnica y el teatro en los siglos XVI y XVII

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Sabine Friedrich

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo explora las formas de representación y a la dimensión epistemológica de la máquina en el campo discursivo de los siglos XVI y XVII, cuando todavía no existe una diferencia fundamental entre los discursos científicos, paracientíficos, filosóficos y estéticos. A partir de las investigaciones de Jan Lazardzig, analiza el carácter paradójico de la ingeniería mecánica entre la funcionalidad y la admiración, la racionalidad y lo maravilloso dentro del contexto español en el Siglo de Oro. En este sentido, el artículo examina las formas de performance teatral de la máquina como objeto admirable y maravilloso: por un lado en el teatro de máquinas cortesano y por el otro en los libros de máquinas en la tradición del Theatrum machinarum. Analizamos así los paralelismos y las diferencias respecto a sus estructuras, sus modos de representación y sus dimensiones pragmáticas.

Isotopically modified compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuruc, J.

2009-01-01

In this chapter the nomenclature of isotopically modified compounds in Slovak language is described. This chapter consists of following parts: (1) Isotopically substituted compounds; (2) Specifically isotopically labelled compounds; (3) Selectively isotopically labelled compounds; (4) Non-selectively isotopically labelled compounds; (5) Isotopically deficient compounds.

Radiation dose and image quality of X-ray volume imaging systems: cone-beam computed tomography, digital subtraction angiography and digital fluoroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Paul, Jijo; Jacobi, Volkmar; Farhang, Mohammad; Bazrafshan, Babak; Vogl, Thomas J; Mbalisike, Emmanuel C

2013-06-01

Radiation dose and image quality estimation of three X-ray volume imaging (XVI) systems. A total of 126 patients were examined using three XVI systems (groups 1-3) and their data were retrospectively analysed from 2007 to 2012. Each group consisted of 42 patients and each patient was examined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and digital fluoroscopy (DF). Dose parameters such as dose-area product (DAP), skin entry dose (SED) and image quality parameters such as Hounsfield unit (HU), noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were estimated and compared using appropriate statistical tests. Mean DAP and SED were lower in recent XVI than its previous counterparts in CBCT, DSA and DF. HU of all measured locations was non-significant between the groups except the hepatic artery. Noise showed significant difference among groups (P < 0.05). Regarding CNR and SNR, the recent XVI showed a higher and significant difference compared to its previous versions. Qualitatively, CBCT showed significance between versions unlike the DSA and DF which showed non-significance. A reduction of radiation dose was obtained for the recent-generation XVI system in CBCT, DSA and DF. Image noise was significantly lower; SNR and CNR were higher than in previous versions. The technological advancements and the reduction in the number of frames led to a significant dose reduction and improved image quality with the recent-generation XVI system. • X-ray volume imaging (XVI) systems are increasingly used for interventional radiological procedures. • More modern XVI systems use lower radiation doses compared with earlier counterparts. • Furthermore more modern XVI systems provide higher image quality. • Technological advances reduce radiation dose and improve image quality.

El traslado de familias de indios tlaxcaltecas hacia la región norte de la Nueva Galicia (Virreinato de Nueva España). Una política de colonización y pacificación del Imperio español de finales del siglo XVI

OpenAIRE

Rojas Galván, José

2016-01-01

A finales del siglo XVI el Imperio español se vio en la urgente necesidad de generar una serie de estrategias que le permitieran acceder a los ricos yacimientos de metales preciosos localizados en el inestable septentrión novohispano, pues de ello dependía el buen funcionamiento de la economía colonial. El objetivo es analizar la política de colonización y pacificación que el gobierno español implementó en el norte de la< Nueva Galicia durante ese periodo, donde un grupo de familias de indios...

Measurement of the heat production of bacteria in the bioreactor. Calorimetric regulation of bio-processes for the production of recombinant proteins; Messung der Waermeproduktion von Bakterien im Bioreaktor. Kalorimetrische Regelung von Bioprozessen zur Herstellung von rekombinanten Proteinen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biener, Richard [Hochschule Esslingen (Germany); Steinkaempfer, Anne; Horn, Thomas; Hofmann, Johannes

2012-09-15

Recombinant proteins such as insulin or interferons are the most important products of the modern biotechnology. Recombinant proteins are produced with genetically engineered organisms. Here, besides microorganisms (E. coli or yeast cells) also animal cell cultures are used. In order to increase the productivity and the reproducibility of the cultivation process, an automated process control is required. The authors of the contribution under consideration report on the regulation of the specific rate of growth of microorganisms during cultivation in a bioreactor using standard calorimetric methods. This automation strategy results in a significant increase in productivity and reproducibility of the process.

Calorimetric study of 2′-methylacetophenone and 4′-methylacetophenone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaral, Luísa M.P.F.; Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► Combustion calorimetry was used to determine Δ f H m ∘ (l) of 2′-methylacetophenone and 4′-methylacetophenone. ► Enthalpies of vaporization of 2′- and 4′-methylacetophenones were determined by Calvet microcalorimetry. ► Gas-phase Δ f H m ∘ of the studied compounds have been derived. ► Δ f H m ∘ (3′-methylacetophenone, g) was estimated from isomerization schemes. - Abstract: Values of the condensed phase standard (p = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation for 2′- and 4′-methylacetophenones were derived from the standard molar energies of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The values of the standard molar enthalpy of vaporization, at T = 298.15 K, were measured by Calvet microcalorimetry. Combining these two values, the following enthalpies of formation in the gas phase, at T = 298.15 K, were then derived: 2′-methylacetophenone, –(115.7 ± 2.4) kJ · mol −1 , and 4′-methylacetophenone, –(122.6 ± 2.4) kJ · mol −1 . Substituent effects are discussed in terms of stability and compared with other similar compounds. The value of the standard molar enthalpy of formation for 3′-methylacetophenone was estimated from isomerization schemes.

Salt hydrates and other phase-change materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cantor, S.

1978-01-01

The objectives of the project are: to ascertain thermal performance of Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ . 10H/sub 2/O and other incongruently melting salt hydrates by calorimetric investigation of melting and freezing; and select compounds and mixtures suitable for isothermal heat storage within the range, 90 to 250/sup 0/C. Selection is to be used on laboratory evaluation as well as on economic and technical screening criteria.

Thermodynamics and binding mechanism of polyphenon-60 with human lysozyme elucidated by calorimetric and spectroscopic techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasmeen, Shama; Riyazuddeen

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Thermodynamics of the binding of Lys with polypenone-60 were studied. • The binding was found to be exothermic. • Polyphenon-60 quenches the fluorescence of Lys through static quenching. • Polyphenon-60 binds to Lys through hydrogen binding. • Conformational changes of Lys were studied using circular dichorism. - Abstract: Protein-drug interaction offer information of the structural features that determine the therapeutic effectiveness of drug and have become an attractive research field in life science, chemistry, and clinical medicine. Interaction of pharmacologically important antioxidant drug polyphenon-60 with human lysozyme (Lys) at physiological pH 7.4 has been studied by using calorimetric and various spectroscopic techniques. UV–visible spectroscopy results indicate the complex formation between Lys and polyphenon-60. The binding constant, quenching mechanism and the number of binding sites were determined by the fluorescence quenching spectra of Lys in presence of polyphenon-60. Fluorescence data indicate that the polyphenon-60 interact with Lys through static quenching mechanism with binding affinity of 2.9 × 10 4 M −1 . The average binding distance between drug and Lys was found to be 2.89 nm on the basis of the theory of Förster's energy transfer. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data reveals the thermodynamic investigations which suggest that the interaction of Lys and polyphenon-60 through exothermic process and enthalpy driven and also explore that the polyphenon-60 binds in both sites of Lys with high and low affinity. Hydrogen bonding (high affinity) and hydrophobic interactions (low affinity) are the major forces in stabilizing the drug protein complex. Far-UV CD and FTIR results deciphere the conformational alterations in the secondary structure of Lys.

Background of standardization and regulation of training and use of pharmaceutical regular resource potential in XI–XVI centuries

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M. S. Ponomarenko

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Since the beginning of creation the system of training and retraining, determining the specific role and significance of the pharmaceutical manpower from the XVI century to the present day, the discussions about their state-public organizing and permanent improvements scheme, including the system of pharmaceutical postgraduate education in accordance with the requirements of the European Union (EU are held. The purpose of the work lies in the fact that noopharmaceutical modern (non-pharmaceutical opinion and assessment of historical events, traditions, their survival, national ethical mindset in the pharmaceutical business are extrapolated for the future reform of the sector in line with EU requirements. And on the stage of review of the conceptual characteristics of primary, medium and distant prospects, the positive experience is taken into account, rejecting the already proven negative position in reforming the pharmaceutical sector in the health sector according to European modern requirements. Materials and methods. Historical literary and official sources, archival materials have been used. Modern Pharmacy memories of veterans “Figures in pharmacy” have been used. Results. Personnel policy contributes to fight against corruption and mafia in pharmacy. This way legal and regulatory policy will accelerate the destruction of pharmaceutical, pseudo productive and alcohol-drug mafia. Regulatory policy in the pharmaceutical sector will normalize events, which will provide state control quality of drugs - implementation of EU rules, attractiveness and interest of foreign manufacturers to the pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine [20-30], including the preparation of qualified pharmacists (bachelors, masters, other professionals of pharmacy and industrial pharmacy. Conclusions. The main stages of development of the property (material and human resources to provide medical treatment and patients have been detected. The basic steps of transformation

Municipio y mercado en el Aragón moderno : el abasto de trigo en Zaragoza (siglos XVI-XVII

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José Antonio Mateos Royo

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio relativo a la política desarrollada por el Concejo de Zaragoza sobre el comercio de cereal durante los siglos XVI y XVII. La prosperidad económica del reino de Aragón, la ciudad y municipio de Zaragoza durante el siglo XVI permitieron aumentar el control público sobre el mercado de cereal para asegurar a la población un suministro suficiente, así como sustentar la demanda local. Sin embargo, el declive económico del reino de Aragón y el creciente endeudamiento municipal durante el siglo XVII obligaron a reducir la intervención y defensa pública de la demanda local en el mercado de cereal. El reajuste de la política municipal promovió la paulatina integración del mercado aragonés, proceso que continuó en el siglo XVIII para afianzarse durante la crisis final del Antiguo Régimen.This paper studies municipal politics carried out by the Zaragoza city council concerning the cereal trade during tfie sixteenthi and seventeenth centuries. Economic prosperity in the kingdom of Aragón, Zaragoza city and council during the sixteenth century allowed to increase public control of cereal transactions in order to supply efficiently the population, as well as to support local demand. However, economic decline of the kingdom and raising municipal indebtedness during the seventeenth century led to reduce public intervention and support of local demand on the cereal market. Readjustment of municipal politics gradually prometed the integration of the market in Aragón. This process continued during the eighteenth century and became firmly established during the final crisis of the «Ancien Régime».

Thermomechanical and calorimetric behaviours of supported glass-forming films: A study based on thermodynamics with internal variables

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lion, Alexander, E-mail: alexander.lion@unibw.de; Engelhard, Marco; Johlitz, Michael

2012-11-01

In order to understand the temperature-dependent response behaviour of thin thermoviscoelastic films which are deposited on relative stiff but thermally deformable substrates it is important to consider the lateral geometric constraints. They are generated by differences in the thermal expansion properties between the substrate and the film and provoke internal stresses. Since glass-forming materials exhibit distinct temperature history-dependent thermal expansion and calorimetric properties, primarily in the vicinity of the glass transition, the situation is rather complicated. In this article, a recently developed three-dimensional model of thermodynamics with internal variables is applied and adapted to simulate this type of behaviour. Explicit relations are obtained for the specific heat of the film, the normal strain and the lateral stresses. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the magnitude of the internal stress at temperatures below the glass transition depends strongly on the cooling rate. It is also shown that the specific heat of the supported film is principally different from the isobaric specific heat of the bulk material: the glassy limit of the specific heat of the film is reduced but the glass transition temperature is almost uninfluenced. The simulated behaviour is in accordance with experimental observations from literature. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For the specific heat, stress and strain of the film, explicit equations were derived. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The constraints of the substrate reduce the glassy limit of specific heat of the film. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Glass transition temperatures of free bulk material and supported film are equal. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Simulations are in good agreement with experimental observations from literature.

O capelão do rei, o livreiro da Sorbonne, o advogado da corte: livros, bibliotecas e leitura da história na França do século XVI

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Fernando Nicolazzi

Full Text Available RESUMO Este ensaio trata do tema da leitura da história no século XVI, articulando uma reflexão sobre a emergência da imprensa na França e sobre o papel das bibliotecas humanistas nesse contexto, a partir da relação estabelecida entre três personagens que viveram na França quinhentista: o capelão Gaston Olivier, o livreiro Galliot du Pré e o advogado Pierre Droict de Gaillard. Como pano de fundo para a reflexão proposta, o texto sugere pensar a historiografia não apenas a partir de suas dimensões epistemológicas, mas também considerando sua realidade material ou livresca, isto é, o livro como condição para a prática da leitura da História e, portanto, para o próprio conhecimento histórico.

Synthesis and characterization of a new class of energetic compounds - ammonium nitriminotetrazolates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klapoetke, Thomas M.; Laub, Hans A.; Stierstorfer, Joerg [Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, Energetic Materials Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Munich (Germany)

2008-12-15

1-Methyl-5-nitriminotetrazole (1) and 2-methyl-5-nitraminotetrazole (2) obtained by nitration of 1-methyl-5-aminotetrazole (3) and 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazole (4) were deprotonated using aqueous ammonia solution yielding the energetic compounds, ammonium 1-methyl-5-nitriminotetrazolate (5) and ammonium 2-methyl-5-nitriminotetrazolate (6). The nitrogen-rich salts were tested and characterized comprehensively using vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared (IR) and Raman), multinuclear ({sup 1}H, {sup 13}C, {sup 14}N, and {sup 15}N) NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures in the crystalline state were determined using low temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction. The thermal behavior and the decompositions were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gas IR spectroscopy. The heats of formation were calculated using bomb calorimetric measurements. In addition, the relevant detonation parameters, like the detonation pressure and velocity of detonation were calculated using the software EXPLO5 outperforming the values of TNT. Last but not least the sensitivities were determined using BAM methods showing moderate values against impact and friction (drophammer and friction tester) and the long-term stabilities were tested using Flexy Thermal safety calorimetry (TSC). X-ray crystallography: 5: monoclinic, P2{sub 1}/c, a=370.06(2) pm, b=2079.06(9) pm, c=859.69(5) pm, {beta}=99.120(5) , V=65306(6) pm{sup 3}, Z=4, {rho}{sub calc}=1.639 g cm{sup -3}; 6: monoclinic, P2{sub 1}, a=365.39(2) pm, b= 788.82(5) pm, c=1124.95(7) pm, {beta}=91.818(6), V=32408(3) pm{sup 3}, Z=2, {rho}{sub calc}=1.651 g cm{sup -3}. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Sanskrit Compound Processor

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Anil; Mittal, Vipul; Kulkarni, Amba

Sanskrit is very rich in compound formation. Typically a compound does not code the relation between its components explicitly. To understand the meaning of a compound, it is necessary to identify its components, discover the relations between them and finally generate a paraphrase of the compound. In this paper, we discuss the automatic segmentation and type identification of a compound using simple statistics that results from the manually annotated data.

Investigation of a zirconia co-fired ceramic calorimetric microsensor for high-temperature flow measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lekholm, Ville; Persson, Anders; Klintberg, Lena; Thornell, Greger

2015-01-01

This paper describes the design, fabrication and characterization of a flow sensor for high-temperature, or otherwise aggressive, environments, like, e.g. the propulsion system of a small spacecraft. The sensor was fabricated using 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ8) high-temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) tape and screen printed platinum paste. A calorimetric flow sensor design was used, with five 80 µm wide conductors, separated by 160 µm, in a 0.4 mm wide, 0.1 mm deep and 12.5 mm long flow channel. The central conductor was used as a heater for the sensor, and the two adjacent conductors were used to resistively measure the heat transferred from the heater by forced convection. The two outermost conductors were used to study the influence of an auxiliary heat source on the sensor. The resistances of the sensor conductors were measured using four-point connections, as the gas flow rate was slowly increased from 0 to 40 sccm, with different power supplied through the central heater, as well as with an upstream or downstream heater powered. In this study, the thermal and electrical integrability of microcomponents on the YSZ8 substrate was of particular interest and, hence, the influence of thermal and ionic conduction in the substrate was studied in detail. The effect of the ion conductivity of YSZ8 was studied by measuring the resistance of a platinum conductor and the resistance between two adjacent conductors on YSZ8, in a furnace at temperatures from 20 to 930 °C and by measuring the resistance with increasing current through a conductor. With this design, the influence of ion conductivity through the substrate became apparent above 700 °C. The sensitivity of the sensor was up to 1 mΩ sccm −1 in a range of 0–10 sccm. The results show that the signal from the sensor is influenced by the integrated auxiliary heating conductors and that these auxiliary heaters provide a way to balance disturbing heat sources, e.g. thrusters or other

Effect of medium acidity on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with isoniazid in an aqueous solution

Science.gov (United States)

Gamov, G. A.; Zavalishin, M. N.; Usacheva, T. R.; Sharnin, V. A.

2017-05-01

Thermodynamic characteristics of the formation of the Schiff base between isoniazid and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in an aqueous solution at different pH values of a medium are determined by means of spectrophotometry and calorimetric titration. The process kinetics is studied spectrophotometrically, and the reaction rate constants for the formation of the imine at different acidities of a medium are determined. Biochemical aspects of the binding of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate into stable compounds are discussed.

Chile como un “Flandes indiano” en las crónicas de los siglos XVI y XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro Baraibar

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La idea de un nuevo Flandes o de un segundo Flandes o simplemente de otro Flandes apareció en diferentes momentos en el territorio de la Monarquía Hispánica referida a Aragón, Cataluña o Messina. El recuerdo de la guerra pervivió en el imaginario colectivo español más allá del final del conflicto, cuando Flandes era ya un aliado de la Corona española frente a Francia. Cuando en el desarrollo de la conquista de las Indias Occidentales Chile se convierte en el gran problema militar con motivo de la resistencia de los indígenas de la Araucanía, la idea de un segundo Flandes aparecerá también en tierras americanas. Este trabajo pretende mostrar el proceso y los contextos en que Flandes se hizo presente en el discurso que se elaboró sobre el Reino de Chile en las crónicas de los siglos XVI y XVII, hasta que Diego de Rosales acuñara el término “Flandes indiano”. The idea of a new Flanders or of a second or simply of another one appeared in different moments in the territory of Hispanic Monarchy referred to Aragón, Catalonia or Messina. The memory of this war survived in the Spanish collective imaginary even long after the end of the conflict, when Flanders was an ally of the Spanish Crown against France. When Chile becomes the great military problem due to native resistance to conquest, the idea of a second Flanders will turn up in America. This article tries to show the process and contexts in which Flanders becomes visible in the discourse elaborated around the kingdom of Chile in the chronicles of 16th and 17th Centuries, until Diego de Rosales, the first writer to use the term “Indian Flanders”.

Universidade de Coimbra instituição educativa do Império Lusitano: análise da reforma joanina no século XVI

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Luciana de Araújo Nascimento-Guaraldo

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Este texto tem o objetivo de apresentar algumas reflexões referente a reforma da Universidade de Coimbra, realizada no reinado de D. João III, século XVI. Mediante a análise desse período chamamos atenção para dois aspectos presente na vida da instituição: contratação docente e reorganização financeira. Percebemos que esses dois aspectos podem ser compreendidos como algumas das diretrizes da Coroa portuguesa para reformar a Universidade de Coimbra. Por meio da analise e apresentação das fontes documentais, cartas e alvarás remetidos a Universidade pela Coroa, procuramos demonstrar ao leitor a importância desse momento para a história das instituições de ensino não apenas portuguesas, mas também brasileiras, já que depois desse fato a Universidade de Coimbra passou a ser considerada o centro de formação do Império, responsável pela formação dos quadros dirigentes da sociedade, tanto no plano eclesiástico como civil, no reino e em territórios de ultramarinhos. Acreditamos que investigar esse momento histórico da Universidade de Coimbra colabora na compreensão dos objetivos de formação humana que se pretendia naquele período.

A estrutura do conhecimento nas universidades ocidentalizadas: racismo/sexismo epistêmico e os quatro genocídios/epistemicídios do longo século XVI

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Ramón Grosfoguel

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo discute a estrutura epistêmica do mundo moderno em relação aos quatro genocídios/epistemicídios do longo século XVI (1450-1650. Argumenta-se que o privilégio epistêmico do homem ocidental foi construído às custas do genocídio/epistemicídios dos sujeitos coloniais. O artigo relaciona o racismo/sexismo epistêmico da estrutura das universidades ocidentalizadas e do mundo moderno ao genocídio/epistemicídio contra muçulmanos e judeus na conquista de Al-Andalus, contra povos nativos na conquista das Américas, contra povos africanos na conquista da África e a escravização dos mesmos nas Américas e, finalmente, contra as mulheres europeias queimadas vivas acusadas de bruxaria. Esses quatro genocídios/epistemicídios são fundantes da estrutura epistêmica moderno-colonial e das universidades ocidentalizadas. A tese principal deste artigo é que a condição de possibilidade para o cartesianismo idolátrico dos anos 1640 que assume o olho de Deus e arroga-se o direito de dizer "penso, logo existo" é o "extermino, logo existo".

Compósitos de Borracha Natural com Compostos Condutivos à Base de Negro de Fumo e Polímero Condutor Natural Rubber Composites with Conductive Compounds based on Carbon Black and Conducting Polymers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marinalva A. dos Santos

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos compósitos condutores elétricos de borracha natural contendo negro de fumo e compostos condutivos baseados em polímeros condutores (Eenomer®. Os compósitos foram processados a quente num reômetro de torque HAAKE e moldados por prensagem. Foram obtidas placas homogêneas, flexíveis e com ótimo acabamento superficial. Os compósitos foram analisados pelas medidas de torque no processamento, medidas de condutividade elétrica, análise termogravimétrica (TGA, calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC e ensaios de tração. Estes compósitos apresentaram valores de condutividade elétrica entre 10-7 a 10-1 S/cm, dependendo do tipo de negro de fumo ou composto condutivo utilizado e da quantidade destes no compósito. A análise térmica demonstrou que os compósitos são termicamente estáveis até cerca de 300°C. Os compostos condutivos atuam como reforço para a borracha natural melhorando suas propriedades mecânicas sem perder significativamente sua flexibilidade.In this work, electrically conducting composites of natural rubber with carbon black and natural rubber with conductive compounds containing electrically conducting polymers (Eenomer® were developed. The composites were processed in a torque reometer HAAKE and then hot pressed. Homogeneous and flexible plates were obtained with excellent surface finish. The composites were analysed by the torque measurement during processing, electrical conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC and mechanical analysis. Conductivity in the order of 10-7 to 10-1 S/cm were achieved, depending on the type of carbon black or conductive compound used and their content in the composite. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the compounds are thermally stable until 300°C. The conductive compounds act as reinforcements in the natural rubber matrix, improving its mechanical properties without significant loss on its

EUROPA Y SU PERCEPCIÓN DEL NUEVO MUNDO A TRAVÉS DE LAS ESPECIES COMESTIBLES Y LOS ESPACIOS AMERICANOS EN EL SIGLO XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

OLAYA SANFUENTES ECHEVERRÍA

2006-12-01

Full Text Available El encuentro europeo con las nuevas especies y espacios americanos en el siglo XVI, complejiza ese universo de percepciones de superioridad occidental frente a mundos que se consideraban más exóticos y menos civilizados. Las descripciones europeas de la naturaleza americana, las primeras imágenes de sus productos alimenticios y especies autóctonas pintadas con los colores del paraíso, el exotismo y la belleza, la fertilidad y la abundancia, ayudarán a conformar una imagen positiva del continente americano. A pesar del original desprecio o indiferencia frente a ciertos alimentos indígenas, con el tiempo estas percepciones cambiarán al convertirse muchos de ellos en salvavidas de las hambrunas mundiales e ingredientes fundamentales de las gastronomías nacionalesThe European encounter with the new American space and it species during the sixteenth century, allows us to look at the European percepction of superiority towards exotic worlds in a more complex way. European description of American nature, the first visual images of the local species described with the colors of paradise, exotism and beauty, fertility and abundance, help in constructing a positive image of America. Despite the original disdain or indifference towards the indigenous food, these percepctions will change over time when many of these products become a solution to world wide hunger and important ingredients for national gastronomies

Commissioning and quality assurance of the x-ray volume imaging system of an image-guided radiotherapy capable linear accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muralidhar, K.R.; Narayana Murthy, P.; Kumar, Rajneesh

2008-01-01

An Image-Guided Radiotherapy-capable linear accelerator (Elekta Synergy) was installed at our hospital, which is equipped with a kV x-ray volume imaging (XVI) system and electronic portal imaging device (iViewGT). The objective of this presentation is to describe the results of commissioning measurements carried out on the XVI facility to verify the manufacturer's specifications and also to evolve a QA schedule which can be used to test its performance routinely. The QA program consists of a series of tests (safety features, geometric accuracy, and image quality). These tests were found to be useful to assess the performance of the XVI system and also proved that XVI system is very suitable for image-guided high-precision radiation therapy. (author)

Commissioning and quality assurance of the X-ray volume Imaging system of an image-guided radiotherapy capable linear accelerator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muralidhar K

2008-01-01

Full Text Available An Image-Guided Radiotherapy-capable linear accelerator (Elekta Synergy was installed at our hospital, which is equipped with a kV x-ray volume imaging (XVI system and electronic portal imaging device (iViewGT. The objective of this presentation is to describe the results of commissioning measurements carried out on the XVI facility to verify the manufacturer′s specifications and also to evolve a QA schedule which can be used to test its performance routinely. The QA program consists of a series of tests (safety features, geometric accuracy, and image quality. These tests were found to be useful to assess the performance of the XVI system and also proved that XVI system is very suitable for image-guided high-precision radiation therapy.

Thermogravimetric and calorimetric characteristics during co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste components.

Science.gov (United States)

Ansah, Emmanuel; Wang, Lijun; Shahbazi, Abolghasem

2016-10-01

The thermogravimetric and calorimetric characteristics during pyrolysis of wood, paper, textile and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic in municipal solid wastes (MSW), and co-pyrolysis of biomass-derived and plastic components with and without torrefaction were investigated. The active pyrolysis of the PET plastic occurred at a much higher temperature range between 360°C and 480°C than 220-380°C for the biomass derived components. The plastic pyrolyzed at a heating rate of 10°C/min had the highest maximum weight loss rate of 18.5wt%/min occurred at 420°C, followed by 10.8wt%/min at 340°C for both paper and textile, and 9.9wt%/min at 360°C for wood. At the end of the active pyrolysis stage, the final mass of paper, wood, textile and PET was 28.77%, 26.78%, 21.62% and 18.31%, respectively. During pyrolysis of individual MSW components at 500°C, the wood required the least amount of heat at 665.2J/g, compared to 2483.2J/g for textile, 2059.4J/g for paper and 2256.1J/g for PET plastic. The PET plastic had much higher activation energy of 181.86kJ/mol, compared to 41.47kJ/mol for wood, 50.01kJ/mol for paper and 36.65kJ/mol for textile during pyrolysis at a heating rate of 10°C/min. H2O and H2 peaks were observed on the MS curves for the pyrolysis of three biomass-derived materials but there was no obvious H2O and H2 peaks on the MS curves of PET plastic. There was a significant interaction between biomass and PET plastic during co-pyrolysis if the biomass fraction was dominant. The amount of heat required for the co-pyrolysis of the biomass and plastic mixture increased with the increase of plastic mass fraction in the mixture. Torrefaction at a proper temperature and time could improve the grindability of PET plastic. The increase of torrefaction temperature and time did not affect the temperature where the maximum pyrolytic rates occurred for both biomass and plastic but decreased the maximum pyrolysis rate of biomass and increased the maximum pyrolysis

Development of a calorimetric system for electron beam dosimetry in radiation processing; Desenvolvimento de um sistema calorimetrico para dosimetria de feixe de eletrons em processos por radiacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Banados P, H E

1994-12-31

A calorimetric system for electron beam dosimetry in radiation processing was developed. The system is composed of a graphite core calorimeter, the temperature measuring and electrical calibrating instrumentation, a microcomputer and the software for the system automation. The research aimed at the optimization of the project parameters, the development of advanced methodologies for calibrating the temperature sensor, the determination of the thermal capacity as a function of the temperature, the measurement of the absorbed dose, and the development of the software needed for the system operation. The operating range extends from 0.1 kGy to 30 kGy. The uncertainty in the measurement of the absorbed dose was estimated to be {+-} 1.8% at the 95% confidence level. Comparative tests of the absorbed dose measurements were made using the IPEN electron accelerator. The results obtained showed an excellent agreement between the absorbed dose determined by the calorimeter and the absorbed dose calculated from the nominal power delivered by the accelerator. (author). 67 refs, 63 figs, 2 tabs.

Advances in High Power Calorimetric Matched Loads for Short Pulses and CW Gyrotrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bin, W.M.; Bruschi, A.; Cirant, S.; Gandini, F.; Granucci, G.; Mellera, V.; Muzzini, V.; Nardone, A.; Sozzi, C.; Spinicchia, N.

2006-01-01

The development of high power gyrotrons for plasma physics research needs proper matched and calorimetric loads able to absorb and measure the power, which nowadays is foreseen to be as high as 2 MW during CW operations. To this end IFP/CNR has developed a family of matched loads useful in the mm-wave frequency band for applications ranging from a few ms to CW in pulse length. The different loads in the family, made of an integrating sphere with a partially reflecting coating on the inner wall, are characterized by having the same absorbing geometry for the incoming beam and a different heat removal system for the specific application. Some important advances have been recently achieved from the point of view of the uniformity of power distribution on the absorbing wall and of the load construction. With high precision achieved in the coating thickness a better control of the heating power distribution is possible by proper shaping of the local reflectivity, in addition to the shaping of the mirror dispersing the input beam. A more sophisticated model describing the power distribution has been developed, taking into account a variable thickness of the absorbing coating, the proper shape of the spreading mirror, the frequency of the incoming radiation and the shape of the input beam. Lower coating thickness is shown to be preferable, at equal local reflectivity, from the point of view of a lower peak temperature and thermal stress. The paper describes a load with variable coating thickness along the meridian of the sphere, showing a uniform power deposition on the inner walls. The cooling pipe is completely electroformed on the spherical copper shell, ensuring the maintenance of the correct curvature of the inner surface and a fast heat conduction from the absorbing coating to the water through the thin copper body. For CW use all heated parts of the load must be cooled and this is achieved by 16 electroformed spiral channels. Both short pulse loads (0.1-1 s) and

Application of a new method for data analysis of isothermal titration calorimetry in the interaction between human serum albumin and Ni{sup 2+}[Serum albumin; Nickel; Isothermal titration calorimetry; Calorimetric method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saboury, Ali Akbar. E-mail: saboury@chamran.ut.ac.ir

2003-12-01

The interaction of human serum albumin (HAS) with divalent nickel ion was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in 30 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0. There is a set of eight identical and independent binding sites for nickel ions on the protein at the temperature of 300 K. A new calorimetric data analysis allows the determination of the complete set of thermodynamic parameters. The binding isotherm for nickel-HSA interaction is easily obtained by carrying out two different ITC experiments. In the first experiment, the enthalpy of binding for one mole of nickel ion to one mole of binding site on HSA ({delta}H=-36.5 kJ) is obtained, and is used in a second experiment to determine the binding isotherm and to find the number of binding sites (g=8) and the equilibrium constant (K=0.57 {mu}M{sup -1})

La partecipazione dei fedeli laici alla vita pubblica. Testimonianza cristiana, etica pubblica e bene comune nell’insegnamento di Benedetto XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Franceschi

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Versione riveduta e ampliata, nel testo e nell’apparato bibliografico, della relazione presentata con il titolo “L’impegno dei fedeli laici nella vita pubblica tra responsabilità propria, libertà e dovere di obbedienza al magistero. L’insegnamento di Benedetto XVI” al Convegno di studi “Il fedele laico: realtà e prospettive”, organizzato dalla Pontificia Università della Santa Croce (7-8 aprile 2011. Il contributo è destinato alla pubblicazione negli Atti del Convegno. SOMMARIO: 1. Considerazioni introduttive. Natura essenzialmente laicale della responsabilità politica - 2. L’intervento della Chiesa nel dibattito pubblico su questioni inerenti alla vita sociale e politica. I principi c.d. non negoziabili - 3. Fondamentale libertà dei fedeli rispetto alle indicazioni della gerarchia in materia temporale – 4. La funzione di orientamento dei pastori della comunità ecclesiale e i confini dell’intervento della stessa – 5. I limiti alla libertà dei fedeli in materia temporale: il rapporto tra libertà e verità e la salvaguardia delle esigenze etiche fondamentali e irrinunciabili per il bene comune e della società – 6. Benedetto XVI e l’invito a una nuova generazione di cattolici impegnati in politica. La difesa della centralità della persona umana come compito primario dei credenti impegnati nel governo della città terrena– 7. (segue L’impegno a favore della promozione di un concetto positivo di laicità, aperto alla Trascendenza − 8. (segue La politica come forma singolare di realizzazione della carità – 9. (segue La dottrina sociale della Chiesa come strumento di formazione essenziale e guida sicura per i fedeli laici impegnati nell’ambito socio-politico – 10. Considerazioni conclusive. Doveri, rispettivi, dello Stato e della Chiesa affinché si conservino, o se necessario si creino le condizioni esterne idonee e necessarie allo svolgimento dei compiti dei christifideles laici nella polis.

Electromagnetic properties of carbon black and barium titanate composite materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Guiqin; Chen Xiaodong; Duan Yuping; Liu Shunhua

2008-01-01

Nanocrystalline carbon black/barium titanate compound particle (CP) was synthesized by sol-gel method. The phase structure and morphology of compound particle were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman spectrum measurements, the electroconductivity was test by trielectrode arrangement and the precursor powder was followed by differential scanning calorimetric measurements (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the complex relative permittivity and permeability of compound particle were investigated by reflection method. The compound particle/epoxide resin composite (CP/EP) with different contents of CP were measured. The results show barium titanate crystal is tetragonal phase and its grain is oval shape with 80-100 nm which was coated by carbon black film. As electromagnetic (EM) complex permittivity, permeability and reflection loss (RL) shown that the compound particle is mainly a kind of electric and dielectric lossy materials and exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance in the X- and Ku-bands

Compensated-power differential calorimeter -196 deg. C/400 deg. C; Calorimetre differentiel a puissance compensee -196 deg. C/400 deg. C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonjour, E; Pierre, J; Agagliate, S; Bertrand, P; Faivre, J; Lagnier, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Section physico-chimie et basses temperatures

1967-06-01

A differential calorimetric device of original design is described. Its allows direct measurements of thermal effects (adsorption or release) during a linear rise of temperature. The self compensated power method which is applied by means of a very sensitive control system, gives a direct value of the different heat capacity between the sample and a dummy of it. The detection threshold is about {+-} 100 micro-watts to {+-} 250 micro-watts. Applications: - Generally measurements of enthalpy changes of massive or powdered samples. - Measurement of Wigner energy after low temperature irradiation (77 deg. K). - Measurements of energy release in low temperature (77 deg. K) cold worked metals. (authors) [French] On decrit un dispositif de calorimetrie differentielle, de conception originale, qui permet de mesurer directement des effets thermiques en absorption ou en degagement de chaleur, au cours d'une montee en temperature lineaire. La methode de compensation automatique de puissance qui est mise en oeuvre au moyen de cha es d'asservissement tres sensibles, conduit a une determination directe de la capacite calorifique differencielle entre l'echantillon et sa reference. Le seuil de detection est de l'ordre de {+-} 100 a {+-} 250 microwatts. Applications: - D'une facon generale, mesure des variations enthalpiques, sur echantillons massifs ou en poudre. - Mesure de l'energie Wigner apres irradiation a basse temperature (77 deg. K). - Mesure de l'energie restauree apres deformation des metaux a basse temperature (77 deg. K). (auteurs)

A feasibility study for image guided radiotherapy using low dose, high speed, cone beam X-ray volumetric imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sykes, Jonathan R.; Amer, Ali; Czajka, Jadwiga; Moore, Christopher J.

2005-01-01

Background and purpose: Image Guidance of patient set-up for radiotherapy can be achieved by acquiring X-ray volumetric images (XVI) with Elekta Synergy and registering these to the planning CT scan. This enables full 3D registration of structures from similar 3D imaging modalities and offers superior image quality, rotational set-up information and a large field of view. This study uses the head section of the Rando phantom to demonstrate a new paradigm of faster, lower dose XVI that still allows registration to high precision. Materials and methods: One high exposure XVI scan and one low exposure XVI scan were performed with a Rando Head Phantom. The second scan was used to simulate ultra low dose, fast acquisition, full and half scans by discarding a large number of projections before reconstruction. Dose measurements were performed using Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters (TLD) and an ion chamber. The reconstructed XVI scans were automatically registered with a helical CT scan of the Rando Head using the volumetric, grey-level, cross-correlation algorithm implemented in the Syntegra software package (Philips Medical Systems). Reproducibility of the registration process was investigated. Results: In both XVI scans the body surface, bone-tissue and tissue air interfaces were clearly visible. Although the subjective image quality of the low dose cone beam scan was reduced, registration of both cone beam scans with the planning CT scan agreed within 0.1 mm and 0.1 deg. Dose to the patient was reduced from 28 mGy to less than 1 mGy and the equivalent scan speed reduced to one minute or less. Conclusions: Automatic 3D registration of high speed, ultra low dose XVI scans with the planning CT scan can be used for precision 3D patient set-up verification/image guidance on a daily basis with out loss of accuracy when compared to higher dose XVI scans

Organolanthanoid compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schumann, H.

1984-01-01

Up to little more than a decade ago organolanthanoid compounds were still a curiosity. Apart from the description of an isolated number of cyclopentadienyl and indenyl derivatives, very few significant contributions had been made to this interesting sector of organometallic chemistry. However, subsequent systematic studies using modern preparative and analytical techniques, together with X-ray single crystal structure determinations, enabled the isolation and characterization of a large number of very interesting homoleptic and heteroleptic compounds in which the lanthanoid is bound to hydrogen, to substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl groups, to allyl or alkynyl groups, or even to phosphorus ylides, trimethylsilyl, and carbonylmetal groups. These compounds, which are all extremely sensitive to oxygen and water, open up new possibilities in the field of catalysis and have great potential in organic synthesis - as recent studies with pentamethylcyclopentadienyl derivatives, organolanthanoid(II) compounds, and hexamethyllanthanoid complexes have already shown. (orig.) [de

[Determination by thermometric titrimetry of the thermodynamic parameters of water/n-octanol transfer of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs].

Science.gov (United States)

Burgot, G; Burgot, J L

1995-01-01

The calorimetric determination by thermometric titrimetry of the water/n-octanol transfer enthalpies of some non steroidic anti-inflammatory compounds is described. By combining the values obtained with that of the free enthalpies of transfer issuing from the values of corresponding log P, it is possible to determinate the transfer entropies of the solutes. The whole results of the show that almost the transfers are both enthalpy and entropy driven. They demonstrate the occurrence of three different mechanisms of transfer.

Fire retardancy and environmental assessment of rubbery blends of recycled polymers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Flame retarded thermoplastic polymer compounds were prepared containing recycled rubber tyres, low density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and an intumescent additive system consisting of waste polyurethane foam and ammonium polyphosphate. The effect of the additives on the combustion properties was characterised by Limiting Oxygen Index, UL 94 and mass loss calorimetric measurements. The environmental impact was estimated by determining the gas components of CO2 and CO evolving from the compounds during the burning process using a gas analyser system constructed by coupling an FTIR unit to a mass loss calorimeter. The new material forms a thermoplastic rubber of excellent processability making it suitable for application in construction industry.

The formation of lithium diarylargentates from arylsilver compounds and the corresponding aryllithium compounds

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Blenkers, J.; Hofstee, H.K.; Boersma, J.; Kerk, G.J.M. van der

1979-01-01

Diarylsilverlithium compounds of the type Ar2AgLi are formed by treating arylsilver compounds with the corresponding aryllithium compounds. Cryoscopy in benzene shows that the Ar2AgLi compounds are associated into dimers. NMR spectroscopic data indicate that only one type of aryl group is present in

A sixteenth century Portuguese report concerning an early Javanese world map Relatório português do século XVI descreve mapa-múndi antigo de origem javanesa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benjamin B. Olshin

1996-02-01

Full Text Available In the sixteenth century, there were numerous voyages of discovery in the oceans of the world, expanding European understanding and influence. These explorations, and in particular the knowledge they created, have tended to overshadow other ventures into the unknown. Not just the Europeans, but other cultures as well, navigated the seas and accumulated geographical information, putting together their own ideas about the distribution of the lands and seas around the globe. Arab and Asian seafarers plied the oceans in trade and exploration, and created maps and geographical texts. These maps and texts, however, are not as numerous as a scholar might wish. The Asian maps, particularly early ones, are few in number, and these are virtually all Chinese and Korean creations, world maps based on traditional religious concepts of a circular landmass. There are few maps based on actual navigation. But an early sixteenth-century Portuguese document gives a brief description of a Javanese map, which apparently showed much of the world. It also depicted the routes of the navigations of the Chinese and other Pacific peoples. The map itself has been lost, but we read of it in a letter from the Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque to his king, Dom Manuel, dated 1 April 1512.No século XVI, várias viagens de descobrimento expandiram a influência e o reconhecimento europeus. Essas expedições marítimas, e em particular o conhecimento que geraram, ofuscaram outras aventuras pelo desconhecido. Outros povos navegaram pelos oceanos, acumularam informações e organizaram suas próprias idéias sobre a distribuição de terras e mares. Navegadores árabes e asiáticos criaram mapas, cartas náuticas e textos geográficos expondo suas descobertas. Esses mapas, no entanto, não são tão numerosos. Os asiáticos, particularmente os mais antigos, são poucos e quase todos originários da China e Coréia, e baseavam-se em conceitos religiosos tradicionais e na id

De sillas y almohadones o de la naturaleza ritual del poder en la nueva España de los siglos XVI y XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cañeque, Alejandro

2004-12-01

Full Text Available This article examines the relationship between public ritual and colonial authority in sixteenth and seventeenth-century New Spain. In colonial society, the establishment of authority depended more on such things as prestige, reputation and/or public appearance than on the use of force. This helps explain the great transcendence attributed by contemporaries to all kinds of public rituals. Their effects were far from negligible: they were much more than a disguise with which to make the rulers’ power more palatable. Royal officials constituted their power and identities through public ceremony, and therefore placed crucial importance on maintaining an authoritative public image.

El artículo estudia la interrelación entre ritual público y autoridad colonial en la Nueva España de los siglos XVI y XVII. En la sociedad colonial, el afianzamiento de la autoridad dependía más de cuestiones tales como prestigio, reputación y/o apariencia pública que del uso de la fuerza. Eso permite explicar la trascendencia tan grande que los contemporáneos dieron a todo tipo de rituales públicos pues sus efectos estaban lejos de ser algo insignificante y eran mucho más que simples disfraces para hacer más digerible el poder de los gobernantes. Los oficiales reales consituían su poder y su identidad a través del ceremonial público y, por tanto, daban una importancia crucial al mantenimiento de una imagen pública llena de autoridad.

Mixed helium-3 - helium-4 calorimeter. Very low temperature calorimetry; Calorimetre mixte a helium-3 et helium-4. Calorimetrie a tres basse temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Testard, O [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-06-01

A description is given of a double-racket calorimeter using helium-4 and helium-3 as the cryogenic fluids and making it possible to vary the temperature continuously from 0.35 K to 4.2 K. By using an electric thermal regulator together with liquid hydrogen it is possible to extend this range up to about 30 K. In the second part, a review is made of the various, methods available for measuring specific heats. The method actually used in the apparatus previously described is described in detail. The difficulties arising from the use of an exchange gas for the thermal contact have been solved by the use of adsorption pumps. (author) [French] On decrit un calorimetre a double enceinte utilisant comme fluide cryogenique l'helium-4 et l'helium-3 et permettant de varier continuement la temperature de 0,35 K a 4,2 K. L'utilisation d'un regulateur thermique electrique ainsi que celle d'hydrogene, liquide permettent d'etendre cette gamme jusqu'a 30 K environ. Dans une deuxieme partie, on passe en revue les diverses methodes de mesure des chaleurs specifiques. La methode concrete utilisee dans l'appareil precedemment decrit est exposee en detail. Les difficultes inherentes a l'utilisation de gaz d'echange comme agent de contact thermique ont ete levees par la mise en oeuvre de pompes a adsorbant. (auteur)

Semiconducting III-V compounds

CERN Document Server

Hilsum, C; Henisch, Heinz R

1961-01-01

Semiconducting III-V Compounds deals with the properties of III-V compounds as a family of semiconducting crystals and relates these compounds to the monatomic semiconductors silicon and germanium. Emphasis is placed on physical processes that are peculiar to III-V compounds, particularly those that combine boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium with phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony (for example, indium antimonide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, and gallium arsenide).Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an assessment of the crystal structure and binding of III-V compounds, f

High temperature drop calorimetric studies on La6UO12 and Nd6UO12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Babu, R.; Senapati, A.; Rao, G.J.; Venkata Krishnan, R.; Ananthasivan, K.; Nagarajan, K.

2014-01-01

Rare earth elements produced in the reactor during irradiation can interact with the fuel. Under transient conditions, compounds of formula, RE 6 UO 12 with rhombohedral crystal structure are expected to be formed. Hence, thermodynamic properties of these compounds are useful in interpreting the behaviour of fuels during irradiation. Thermal expansion and heat capacities by DSC have been reported for La 6 UO 12 and Nd 6 UO 12 . There are no experimentally measured values of enthalpy. Hence, measurements on enthalpy increments of La 6 UO 12 and Nd 6 UO 12 were carried out for the first time by inverse drop calorimetry in the temperature range 534-1738 K and computed the thermodynamic functions

[Detection of nitrite and nitrosocompounds in chemical systems and biological liquids by the calorimetric method].

Science.gov (United States)

Titov, V Iu; Petrenko, Iu M; Vanin, A F; Stepuro, I I

2010-01-01

The capacity of nitrite, S-nitrosothiols (RS-NO), dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with thiol-containing ligands, and nitrosoamines to inhibit catalase has been used for the selective determination of these compounds in purely chemical systems and biological liquids: cow milk and colostram. The limiting sensitivity of the method is 50 nM. A comparison of the results of the determinations of RS-NO, DNIC, and nitrite by the catalase method and the Greese method conventionally used for nitrite detection showed that, firstly, Greese reagents decompose DNIC and RS-NO to form nitrite. Therefore, the Greese method cannot be used for nitrite determination in solutions of these substances. Secondly, Greese reagents interact with complexes of mercury ions with RS-NO, inducing the release of nitrosonium ions from the complex followed by the hydrolysis of nitrosonium to nitrite. Thus, the proposition about the spontaneous decay of the complexes of mercury ions with RS-NO is incorrect. Keeping in mind a high sensitivity of the method, the use of catalase as an enzyme detector of nitrosocompounds allows one to detect these compounds in neutral medium without prior purification of the object, thereby preventing artificial effects due to noncontrolled modifications of the compounds under study.

Selenium-75-labelled foliate compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1974-01-01

A saturation method to analyze a foliate is presented; it uses competitive reaction of the compound to be measured and of a radioactive-labelled version of this compound with a reagent specific to this compound present in insufficient quantity to combine with the whole of the compound and its labelled version, separation of the bound compound from its non-bound homologue and measurement of the radioactivity concentration in the bound compound, the non-bound compound or both. The radioactive isotope used in the labelled foliate is selenium 75 [fr

Enthalpy of solution of α- and β-cyclodextrin in water and in some organic solvents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belica, Sylwia; Sadowska, Monika; Stępniak, Artur; Graca, Anna; Pałecz, Bartłomiej

2014-01-01

Highlights: • A great influence of crystalline water on the energetic of dissolving compounds. • The strongest interaction between β-cyclodextrin and DMSO. • The enthalpic pair interaction coefficient, h βCD-EtOH , obtained is positive. • Predominating effects of the partial dehydration of the molecules – βCD-EtOH. -- Abstract: The calorimetric measurements of solution enthalpy of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin in water (H 2 O), dimetyloformamid (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aqueous ethanol solutions (H 2 O + EtOH) at 298.15 K were made. The experimental results were used to calculate the enthalpic coefficients of the interactions between cyclodextrin and ethanol molecules in water based on McMillan–Mayer’s model. The results were compared with literature data and with hydrodynamic radii of cyclodextrin in examined solvents and with donor numbers of these solvents. In order to check, if the inclusion complex formation between the solvent with the highest enthalpy of solution and cyclodextrin has happened, the calorimetric isothermal titration measurements were made and the results were interpreted

Measurements with the Hungarian Heat-Flow Calorimeter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bod, L.

1970-01-01

This calorimeter, like the others, consists of three essential parts: 1) the calorimetric sample; the radiation energy absorbed therein is to be determined; 2) the jacket; a well defined environment which includes the calorimetric sample; 3) the heat transfer medium, separating the former two. The measurement with this calorimeter consists of the determination of the equilibrium temperature difference between the calorimetric sample and the jacket of the calorimeter in the radiation field. From this the radiation energy absorbed in the calorimetric sample can be evaluated

Rubber compounding and processing

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

John, MJ

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This chapter presents an overview on the compounding and processing techniques of natural rubber compounds. The introductory portion deals with different types of rubbers and principles of rubber compounding. The primary and secondary fillers used...

Multi-angle compound imaging

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jespersen, Søren Kragh; Wilhjelm, Jens Erik; Sillesen, Henrik

1998-01-01

This paper reports on a scanning technique, denoted multi-angle compound imaging (MACI), using spatial compounding. The MACI method also contains elements of frequency compounding, as the transmit frequency is lowered for the highest beam angles in order to reduce grating lobes. Compared to conve......This paper reports on a scanning technique, denoted multi-angle compound imaging (MACI), using spatial compounding. The MACI method also contains elements of frequency compounding, as the transmit frequency is lowered for the highest beam angles in order to reduce grating lobes. Compared...... to conventional B-mode imaging MACI offers better defined tissue boundaries and lower variance of the speckle pattern, resulting in an image with reduced random variations. Design and implementation of a compound imaging system is described, images of rubber tubes and porcine aorta are shown and effects...... on visualization are discussed. The speckle reduction is analyzed numerically and the results are found to be in excellent agreement with existing theory. An investigation of detectability of low-contrast lesions shows significant improvements compared to conventional imaging. Finally, possibilities for improving...

Nanoparticles of spinel and perovskite ferromagnets and prospects for their application in medicine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belous, A. G., E-mail: belous@ionc.kar.net, E-mail: solopan@ukr.net, E-mail: yelenicho@ukr.net; Solopan, S. O., E-mail: belous@ionc.kar.net, E-mail: solopan@ukr.net, E-mail: yelenicho@ukr.net; Yelenich, O. V., E-mail: belous@ionc.kar.net, E-mail: solopan@ukr.net, E-mail: yelenicho@ukr.net [Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, prospekt Palladina 32-34, 03142 Kyiv (Ukraine); Tovstolytkin, A. I., E-mail: atov@imag.kiev.ua [Institute of Magnetism, bulvar Vernadskoho 36-b, 03142 Kyiv (Ukraine); Kolodiazhnyi, T. V., E-mail: kolodiazhnyi.taras@nims.go.jp [National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 (Japan); Osinsky, S. P., E-mail: osion@onconet.kiev.ua, E-mail: bybnovskayal@ukr.net; Bubnovskaya, L. N., E-mail: osion@onconet.kiev.ua, E-mail: bybnovskayal@ukr.net [R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, vul. Vasylkivska 45, 03022 Kyiv (Ukraine)

2014-11-05

In this work, nanoparticles of La{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}MnO{sub 3} compounds with perovskite structure and AFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (A = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) with spinel structure have been synthesized by precipitation from diethylene glycol and microemulsion using Triton X-100 surfactant. Comparative X-ray diffraction and magnetic studies of the synthesized nanoparticles have been carried out. Magnetic fluids prepared from synthesized nanopowders have been characterized by calorimetric measurements of specific loss power (SLP)

Phenolic Molding Compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Koizumi, Koji; Charles, Ted; de Keyser, Hendrik

Phenolic Molding Compounds continue to exhibit well balanced properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and creep resistance. They are widely applied in electrical, appliance, small engine, commutator, and automotive applications. As the focus of the automotive industry is weight reduction for greater fuel efficiency, phenolic molding compounds become appealing alternatives to metals. Current market volumes and trends, formulation components and its impact on properties, and a review of common manufacturing methods are presented. Molding processes as well as unique advanced techniques such as high temperature molding, live sprue, and injection/compression technique provide additional benefits in improving the performance characterisitics of phenolic molding compounds. Of special interest are descriptions of some of the latest innovations in automotive components, such as the phenolic intake manifold and valve block for dual clutch transmissions. The chapter also characterizes the most recent developments in new materials, including long glass phenolic molding compounds and carbon fiber reinforced phenolic molding compounds exhibiting a 10-20-fold increase in Charpy impact strength when compared to short fiber filled materials. The role of fatigue testing and fatigue fracture behavior presents some insight into long-term reliability and durability of glass-filled phenolic molding compounds. A section on new technology outlines the important factors to consider in modeling phenolic parts by finite element analysis and flow simulation.

Nomenclature on an inorganic compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-10-01

This book contains eleven chapters : which mention nomenclature of an inorganic compound with introduction and general principle on nomenclature of compound. It gives the description of grammar for nomenclature such as brackets, diagonal line, asterisk, and affix, element, atom and groups of atom, chemical formula, naming by stoichiometry, solid, neutral molecule compound, ion, a substituent, radical and name of salt, oxo acid and anion on introduction and definition of oxo acid, coordination compound like symbol of stereochemistry , boron and hydrogen compound and related compound.

X-ray volume imaging in bladder radiotherapy verification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henry, Ann M.; Stratford, Julia; McCarthy, Claire; Davies, Julie; Sykes, Jonathan R.; Amer, Ali; Marchant, Tom; Cowan, Richard; Wylie, James; Logue, John; Livsey, Jacqueline; Khoo, Vincent S.; Moore, Chris; Price, Pat

2006-01-01

Purpose: To assess the clinical utility of X-ray volume imaging (XVI) for verification of bladder radiotherapy and to quantify geometric error in bladder radiotherapy delivery. Methods and Materials: Twenty subjects undergoing conformal bladder radiotherapy were recruited. X-ray volume images and electronic portal images (EPIs) were acquired for the first 5 fractions and then once weekly. X-ray volume images were co-registered with the planning computed tomography scan and clinical target volume coverage assessed in three dimensions (3D). Interfraction bladder volume change was described by quantifying changes in bladder volume with time. Bony setup errors were compared from both XVI and EPI. Results: The bladder boundary was clearly visible on coronal XVI views in nearly all images, allowing accurate 3D treatment verification. In 93.5% of imaged fractions, the clinical target volume was within the planning target volume. Most subjects displayed consistent bladder volumes, but 25% displayed changes that could be predicted from the first three XVIs. Bony setup errors were similar whether calculated from XVI or EPI. Conclusions: Coronal XVI can be used to verify 3D bladder radiotherapy delivery. Image-guided interventions to reduce geographic miss and normal tissue toxicity are feasible with this technology

Direct measurement of the interaction energy between solids and gases--3. Comparison of the calorimetric titration method with the amine titration method for the determination of acid strength distribution of the silica-alumina surface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taniguchi, H.; Masuda, T.; Tsutsumi, K.; Takahashi, H.

1978-07-01

Comparison of the calorimetric titration method with the amine titration method for the determination of acid strength distribution of the silica-alumina surface was carried out for a catalyst containing 13% by wt alumina and evacuated at 400/sup 0/C at 0.00001 mm Hg for five hours. The heats of adsorption of ammonia on silica-alumina poisoned with Hammett indicators of 8.2 to 3.3 pK/sub a/ were also measured to obtain the relation between the dissociation constant of the acid (pK/sub a/) and the heat of adsorption. At pK/sub a/ values of -5.6 and +3.3, the differential heats of adsorption were 76.1 and 55.1 kj/mole, respectively. The number of acid sites calculated from the heat vs. adsorbed-amount curve was about twice as large as that determined by amine titration. The discrepancy is discussed.

Effect of aerosil dispersions on the photoinduced nematic-isotropic transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jayalakshmi, V; Nair, Geetha G; Prasad, S Krishna [Centre for Liquid Crystal Research, Jalahalli, Bangalore 560013 (India)

2007-06-06

We report differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and dielectric measurements on the nematic-isotropic transition in the bulk and aerosil composites of a liquid-crystal mixture having a photoactive guest azobenzene compound in a non-photoactive host, 4-n-heptyl cyanobiphenyl (7CB). The DSC scans taken at different cooling rates show that, at slower rates, the bulk displays a single peak across the transition, whereas the composites in the soft gel regime exhibit a double-peak profile. Such a double-peak profile, although seen in high-resolution ac calorimetric studies, has been observed for the first time in DSC experiments. The temperature range of the region between the two peaks is comparable to that seen in ac calorimetric experiments and has similar features. This observation is significant since the appearance of the low-temperature peak in ac calorimetric data has been explained to be due to a crossover from the random-dilution to the random-field limits. This work also constitutes the first experiments on the photoisomerization driven isothermal phase transitions in liquid-crystal-aerosil composites. The studies carried out in the absence and presence of a low-magnitude UV radiation not only bring out the standard features now established for such photostimulated phase transitions, but display a few surprises. Notable among them are that (i) the photoinduced shift in the transition temperature is a non-monotonic function of the aerosil composition and appears qualitatively similar to the dependence of the transition temperature itself, and (ii) the thermal anomaly mentioned above characterizing the crossover is also seen in the temperature-dependent as well as the temporal variation of the sample capacitance for a composite in the soft gel regime. We have also evaluated, using the temporal variation of the capacitance, the different response times associated with the UV-on photochemical process as well as the UV-off thermal back-relaxation process; the

Raman scattering in transition metal compounds: Titanium and compounds of titanium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jimenez, J.; Ederer, D.L.; Shu, T. [Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA (United States)] [and others

1997-04-01

The transition metal compounds form a very interesting and important set of materials. The diversity arises from the many states of ionization the transition elements may take when forming compounds. This variety provides ample opportunity for a large class of materials to have a vast range of electronic and magnetic properties. The x-ray spectroscopy of the transition elements is especially interesting because they have unfilled d bands that are at the bottom of the conduction band with atomic like structure. This group embarked on the systematic study of transition metal sulfides and oxides. As an example of the type of spectra observed in some of these compounds they have chosen to showcase the L{sub II, III} emission and Raman scattering in some titanium compounds obtained by photon excitation.

Quantifying high-affinity binding of hydrophobic ligands by isothermal titration calorimetry.

Science.gov (United States)

Krainer, Georg; Broecker, Jana; Vargas, Carolyn; Fanghänel, Jörg; Keller, Sandro

2012-12-18

A fast and reliable quantification of the binding thermodynamics of hydrophobic high-affinity ligands employing a new calorimetric competition experiment is described. Although isothermal titration calorimetry is the method of choice for a quantitative characterization of intermolecular interactions in solution, a reliable determination of a dissociation constant (K(D)) is typically limited to the range 100 μM > K(D) > 1 nM. Interactions displaying higher or lower K(D) values can be assessed indirectly, provided that a suitable competing ligand is available whose K(D) falls within the directly accessible affinity window. This established displacement assay, however, requires the high-affinity ligand to be soluble at high concentrations in aqueous buffer and, consequently, poses serious problems in the study of protein binding involving small-molecule ligands dissolved in organic solvents--a familiar case in many drug-discovery projects relying on compound libraries. The calorimetric competition assay introduced here overcomes this limitation, thus allowing for a detailed thermodynamic description of high-affinity receptor-ligand interactions involving poorly water-soluble compounds. Based on a single titration of receptor into a dilute mixture of the two competing ligands, this competition assay provides accurate and precise values for the dissociation constants and binding enthalpies of both high- and moderate-affinity ligands. We discuss the theoretical background underlying the approach, demonstrate its practical application to metal ion chelation and high-affinity protein-inhibitor interactions, and explore its potential and limitations with the aid of simulations and statistical analyses.

A propósito de Imprenta y lecturas en la Baeza del siglo XVI. (Salamanca, Semyr, 2001

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valero Moreno, Juan Miguel

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Printing in Baeza, as technological point and its bibliographic production (1550-1599, catalogued, described and interpreted by Pedro M. Cátedra establish an outstanding point of view over the spiritual and intellectual context determined by the Counter-reformation. In this special laboratory of XVIth century spiritual life it become to a complementary analysis of pedagogical institutions (the University of Baeza, of course, and the world of printing, in its local specifically, and its national and international connection and position through the reflection about the catalogue and the material circumstances of biacense printing. The differences and affinities of the spiritual programmes and lecture represented by Juan de Ávila are outlined, also the evolution of printing in Baeza, and the conformation of a new poetic of spiritual references to a diverse and changing variety of public and the tension that new texts hold out between demand and spiritual control, orthodoxy and heterodoxy, opening and closure.La imprenta en Baeza, como enclave tecnológico, y su producción bibliográfica (1550-1599, catalogada, descrita e interpretada por Pedro M. Cátedra, constituye un observatorio privilegiado, aunque angular, en el contexto espiritual e intelectual condicionado por la Contrarreforma. En ese especial laboratorio de la espiritualidad del siglo XVI se llega a un análisis complementario de las instituciones pedagógicas (la Universidad biacense, por supuesto, y el mundo del libro y el de la imprenta, en su especificidad local, pero sobre todo en su conexión y posición nacional e internacional, a través de la reflexión sobre el catálogo y los condicionantes materiales de la imprenta biacense. Se subrayan las diferencias y afinidades de los programas espirituales y de lectura representados por Juan de Ávila y la evolución de la imprenta en Baeza, así como la conformación de una nueva poética del texto espiritual impulsada por la

Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds from Pu-erh Tea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shu Shan Du

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Eight compounds were isolated from the water extract of Pu-erh tea and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS as gallic acid (1, (+-catechin (2, (−-epicatechin (3, (−-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (4, (−-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (5, (−-epiafzelechin- 3-O-gallate (6, kaempferol (7, and quercetin (8. Their in vitro antioxidant activities were assessed by the DPPH and ABTS scavenging methods with microplate assays. The relative order of DPPH scavenging capacity for these compounds was compound 8 > compound 7 > compound 1 > compound 6 > compound 4 ≈ compound 5 > compound 2 > VC (reference > compound 3, and that of ABTS scavenging capacity was compound 1 > compound 2 > compound 7 ≈ compound 8 > compound 6 > compound 5 > compound 4 > VC (reference > compound 3. The results showed that these phenolic compounds contributed to the antioxidant activity of Pu-erh tea.

Experimental and theoretical investigations of non-centrosymmetric 8-hydroxyquinolinium dibenzoyl-(L)-tartrate methanol monohydrate single crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sudharsana, N.; Krishnakumar, V.; Nagalakshmi, R.

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: ORTEP diagram of HQDBT. - Highlights: • Single crystal XRD and NMR studies confirm the formation of the title compound. • SHG efficiency was found to be 0.6 times that of KDP. • First-order hyperpolarizability (β) was calculated using HF and B3LYP methods. - Abstract: A novel 8-hydroxyquinolinium dibenzoyl-(L)-tartrate methanol monohydrate crystal has been grown by slow evaporation technique. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has been done for the title compound and is found to crystallize in orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 . The optical absorption cut-off wavelength is found to be 440 nm. The vibrational analysis has been carried out to assess the functional groups present in the title compound. The molecular structure of the title compound has been confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetric and differential thermal analyses reveal the melting point and thermal stability of the title compound. The second harmonic generation efficiency is confirmed by Kurtz–Perry powder technique. Further quantum chemical calculations are performed using Gaussian 03 software

Partial purification of endogenous digitalis-like compound(s) in cord blood

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balzan, S.; Ghione, S.; Biver, P.; Gazzetti, P.; Montali, U. (C.N.R. Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa (Italy))

1991-02-01

Increasing evidence indicates the presence of endogenous digitalis-like compound(s) in human body fluids. In this preliminary report, we describe a study of the partial purification by HPLC of these compounds in the plasma of neonates (who have particularly high concentrations of this substance) and adults. Plasma samples from neonates (cord blood) and adults, lyophilized and extracted with methanol, were applied on a 300 x 3.9 mm C18 Nova Pak column and eluted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/methanol/water (17/17/66 or 14/14/72 by vol) and, after 30 min, with 100% methanol. We assayed eluted fractions for inhibitory activity of 86Rb uptake and for digoxin-like immunoreactivity. The elution profile revealed a first peak of inhibitory activity of 86Rb uptake at the beginning of the chromatography; another peak was eluted with the 100% methanol. The two peaks also cross-reacted with antidigoxin antibodies. Because the second peak could possibly reflect the nonspecific interference of various lipophilic compounds, we focused our attention on the first peak. For these fractions dose-response curves for 86Rb uptake and for displacement of digoxin were parallel, respectively, to those of ouabain and digoxin, suggesting similarities of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance to cardiac glycosides. Similar chromatographic profiles were also obtained for plasma from adults, suggesting that the endogenous glycoside-like compound(s) in the neonate may be the same as those in the adult.

The Specific Heat of Matter at Low Temperatures

CERN Document Server

Tari, A

2003-01-01

Recent discoveries of new materials and improvements in calorimetric techniques have given new impetus to the subject of specific heat. Nevertheless, there is a serious lack of literature on the subject. This invaluable book, which goes some way towards remedying that, is concerned mainly with the specific heat of matter at ordinary temperatures. It discusses the principles that underlie the theory of specific heat and considers a number of theoretical models in some detail. The subject matter ranges from traditional materials to those recently discovered - heavy fermion compounds, high temper

Phase equilibria in the Tl2MoO4–R2(MoO43–Zr(MoO42 (R = Al, Cr systems: synthesis, structure and properties of new triple molybdates Tl5RZr(MoO46 and TlRZr0.5(MoO43

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. G. Grossman

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Tl2MoO4–R2(MoO43–Zr(MoO42 (R = Al, Cr systems were studied in the subsolidus region using X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC analysis. Quasi-binary joins were revealed, and triangulation was carried out. New ternary molybdates: Tl5RZr(MoO46 (5:1:2 and TlRZr0.5(MoO43 (1:1:1 (R = Al, Cr were prepared. The unit cell parameters for the new compounds were calculated.

Investigations on organogermanium compounds XII. Reactions of trialkylgermylalkalimetal compounds in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPT) with some inorganic and organic compounds

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bulten, E.J.; Noltes, J.G.

1971-01-01

Trialkylgermyl alkali metal compounds in HMPT have been found to be highly reactive nucleophiles. Reactions with some inorganic and organic compounds, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, inorganic and orgaanic halides, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides and lactones are described. Several new

Measurement of the enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation of solids aromatic hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas, Aaron; Orozco, Eulogio

2003-01-01

An experimental procedure is proposed for direct measurement of the heat involved in the vaporization of a solid organic compound above its normal melting temperature. This technique consists on the fusion of a solid aromatic hydrocarbon, which is then vaporized by a sudden decrease of the pressure. The direct register of heat flow as function of time by differential scanning calorimetry allows the quantifying of the enthalpy of vaporization of compounds such as phenanthrene, β-naphthol, pyrene, and anthracene. Enthalpies of vaporization were measured in an isothermal mode over a range of temperatures from 10 to 20 K above the melting temperatures of each compound, while enthalpies of fusion were determined from separate experiments performed in a scanning mode. Enthalpies of sublimation are computed from results of fusion and vaporization, and then compared with results from the literature, which currently are obtained by calorimetric or indirect techniques

Cultura letteraria nella Spagna del XVI secolo. Le «Treze questiones muy famosas sacadas del Philocolo del famoso Juan Boccaccio»

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Fatima Blanco Valdés

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Nel 1546 si pubblica a Siviglia una traduzione “non autorizzata” dell’episodio delle «Tredici Questioni d’amore» che fanno parte del IV libro del Filocolo di Boccaccio. Lo stesso anno, a Toledo, si pubblica la traduzione dello stesso testo, questa volta con il permesso dei traduttori. Di quest’ultima si faranno due riedizioni, la prima a Toledo nel 1549 e la seconda a Venezia nel 1553. La traduzione è opera di due traduttori: Diego López de Ayala, canonico della cattedrale di Toledo, che si occupa della traduzione del testo, e Diego de Salazar, che compone dei poemetti che servono come riassunto sia dell’argo- mento di ognuna delle questioni sia della soluzione finale. Entrambi i traduttori collaboreranno nuovamente nella traduzione dell’Arcadia di Sannazaro. Da ricerche precedenti si può stabilire come testo base della traduzione l’incunabolo veneto del Filocolo del 1472 (riedito nel 1481, 1488 e 1497. L’articolo confronta contrastivamente i due testi per individuare, in un primo momento, le differenti tecniche e strategie traduttologiche usate da López de Ayala. Scopo dello studio non è solo quello di descrivere queste tecniche, ma anche di metterle in rapporto con vari aspetti che riguardano la cultura editoriale e la situazione sociale della Spagna del XVI secolo, come il nuovo tipo di lettori, la censura letteraria – ragione per la quale, a nostro avviso, il traduttore modifica e manipola frammenti del testo – o la finalità ultima del testo che vede modificata la sua funzione testuale rispetto al testo d’origine. In effetti, la traduzione spagnola si avvicina piú a una specie di catalogo di casistica amorosa con intenzionalità didattica e moraleggiante, diversa dalla funzione di diletto del romanzo sentimentale di derivazione alessandrina scritto da Boccaccio. Prima di affrontare l’analisi della traduzione si offre un’introduzione in cui vengono contestualizzate la storia editoriale della Spagna del

NATURAL POLYACETYLENE COMPOUNDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. M. Nasukhova

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In article the review of the initial stage of researches of natural polyacetylene compounds is resulted. The high reactionary ability leading to fast oxidation and degradation of these compounds, especially at influence of Uf-light, oxygen of air, pH and other factors, has caused the serious difficulties connected with an establishment of structure and studying of their physical and chemical properties. Therefore the greatest quantity of works of this stage is connected with studying of essential oils of plants from families Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Olacaceae, Pittosporaceae and Santalaceae where have been found out, basically, diacetylene compounds. About development of physical and chemical methods of the analysis of possibility of similar researches have considerably extended. More than 2000 polyacetylenes are known today, from them more than 1100 are found out in plants fam. Asteraceae. Revolution in the field of molecular biology has allowed to study processes of biosynthesis of these compounds intensively.

4d--4f emission resonances in laser-produced plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Sullivan, G.; Carroll, P.K.

1981-01-01

Using targets containing compounds of the elements cesium through lutetium, we studied the spectra of laser-produced plasmas in the grazing-incidence region from 40 to 200 A. The spectra are characterized by strong regions of resonancelike emission extending typically over 9--18 eV. With increasing Z, the spectra show certain systematic variations in character and move monotonically toward shorter wavelengths. From a collisional-radiative plasma model, the ion stages responsible for the emision are identified as VIII through XVI. The resonances are attributed to 4-4f transitions that, because Dn = 0, tend to overlap for different ion stages of the same element

Los métodos pedagógicos de la Corona para disciplinar la experiencia de los navegantes en el siglo XVI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sánchez Martínez, Antonio

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Given the limited scientific training of pilots who traveled to the Spanish Indies in the early sixteenth century, Spanish Crown, first with Charles V and later with Philip II, was devoted not only to build institutions and scientific positions for organizing the nautical and cosmographic knowledge of the New World, but also teaching methods designed in the form of lectures, courses and examinations for the training and licensing of those navigators willing to sail the Mar Océano (Atlantic Ocean. The ultimate objective of the Monarchy was, first, to guarantee the maintenance of its production overseas Empire and, secondly, to ensure both the safety of their fleets and their men as well as State coffers, since the shipwrecks posed serious economic losses.

Dada la escasa formación científica de los pilotos que viajaban a Indias en los primeros años del siglo XVI, la Corona española, primero con Carlos I al frente y más tarde con Felipe II, no sólo se conformó con crear instituciones y cargos científicos para organizar el saber náutico y cosmográfico del Nuevo Mundo, sino que además diseñó métodos pedagógicos, en forma de cátedras, cursos y exámenes, para la formación y licencia de aquellos navegantes dispuestos a surcar el “Mar Océano”. El objetivo último de la Monarquía era, por un lado, garantizar el mantenimiento de su productivo imperio de ultramar y, por el otro, velar tanto por la seguridad de sus flotas y hombres como por las arcas del Estado, pues los naufragios de los navíos suponían grandes pérdidas económicas. La unión entre ciencia y experiencia sería el mejor remedio.

El otro portugués: tipos y tópicos en la España de los siglos XVI al XVIII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Pedrosa

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La presencia de los portugueses, como estereotipo a un tiempo “étnico” y “nacional”, en la cultura y en la literatura españolas de los siglos XVI al XVIII, fue constante. La cercanía geográfica, los intercambios transitorios o permanentes de población a través de la frontera entre los dos países, las complejas relaciones –fluctuantes entre la afinidad cultural y religiosa y la rivalidad política y comercial– que mantuvieron ambos reinos, que en algunos momentos llegaron a encontrarse bajo la autoridad de un mismo monarca, hicieron que sobre la imagen que los españoles construyeron de los portugueses y, al revés, sobre la que los portugueses se hicieron de los españoles, se acumulasen prejuicios y tópicos que hoy, vistos desde la perspectiva que da el tiempo, resultan tan falsos y exagerados como representativos de las ideas más comunes y de las señas de identidad propia y ajena más arraigadas en la mentalidad de la época. No es posible, en el limitado espacio que nos ofrecen estas páginas, hacer una revision exhaustiva de todas las fuentes literarias que reflejan la presencia de portugueses ni las reacciones culturales que su presencia provocaba en la España de la época. Nos tendremos que conformar con una selección y con un análisis muy parciales, que tengan como objeto principal la atención a un número amplio y representativo de obras y de autores que atestiguaron los conflictos de identidades y de convivencia entre portugueses y españoles. Nuestro enfoque quedará, inevitablemente, limitado a sólo una parte de la cuestión: las ideas que los españoles tenían de los portugueses, y no al revés.

Multipurpose Compound

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

Specially formulated derivatives of an unusual basic compound known as Alcide may be the answer to effective treatment and prevention of the disease bovine mastitis, a bacterial inflammation of a cow's mammary gland that results in loss of milk production and in extreme cases, death. Manufactured by Alcide Corporation the Alcide compound has killed all tested bacteria, virus and fungi, shortly after contact, with minimal toxic effects on humans or animals. Alcide Corporation credits the existence of the mastitis treatment/prevention products to assistance provided the company by NERAC, Inc.

Ideas on Moral and Civil Upbringing of Personality in Italian and Ukrainian Pedagogy during the Renaissance

Science.gov (United States)

Petruk, Natalia

2015-01-01

Important aspects of moral and civic upbringing of personality based on studying the experience of humanist pedagogy establishment in the Italian Renaissance in XIV-XV centuries and the Ukrainian Renaissance in XVI-XVII centuries have been reviewed in the article. It has been found out that under the influence of Renaissance in XVI-XVII centuries…

Desarrollo y transformación de los puertos en Colombia. Un enfoque desde las competencias laborales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Arturo Henao Rendón

2015-10-01

Full Text Available En el contexto mundial, a comienzos del siglo XVI los puertos no distaban más de 50 millas náuticas unos de otros, al desarrollarse la navegación marítima, los barcos empezaron a recalar en puertos con mejores instalaciones y así se inició la tendencia a la concentración de la carga. En Colombia, la historia y desarrollo de los puertos se divide en cinco etapas, y podemos tomar como referencia el mismo siglo XVI para describir la primera.Abstract In the World context,at the beginning of the XVI century the ports weren´t farer than 50 nautical miles from each other,when the sea navigation was Developed, the ships started to move to other seaports that had better installations thus initiating the trend to concentrate the loading.In Colombia,the history and development of seaports is divided in 5 five stages,and we can refer it to the XVI century in order to describe the former.

Molecular modeling of inorganic compounds

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Comba, Peter; Hambley, Trevor W; Martin, Bodo

2009-01-01

... mechanics to inorganic and coordination compounds. Initially, simple metal complexes were modeled, but recently the field has been extended to include organometallic compounds, catalysis and the interaction of metal ions with biological macromolecules. The application of molecular mechanics to coordination compounds is complicated by the numbe...

Structural studies of novel coordination compounds run in the Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antipin, M.Yu.; Starikova, Z.A.; Yanovskij, A.I.; Dolgushin, F.M.; Lysenko, K.A.; Khrustalev, V.N.; Vorontsov, I.I.; Korlyukov, A.A.; Andreev, G.B.; Neretin, I.S.

2001-01-01

The results of the investigation into structural chemistry of coordination compounds taking place in the X-ray Laboratory of the Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences are given. The review gives an idea on the tendencies to structural researches of complexes of varying categories of coordination compounds, among which are lithium, strontium, cadmium compounds, rare earth compounds, transuranium compounds, transition element compounds, carboranes, fullerenes. An attempt was made to prove the structure and reveal the novel structural and crystallochemical regularities in the studied series of relative compounds. The outlooks for the following progress of studies on this field are determined [ru

Estudio de la reacción de curado del sistema éter diglicidílico del bisfenol-A (DGEBA y la dietilentriamina (DETA por calorimetría diferencial de barrido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

González Garcia Filiberto

2000-01-01

Full Text Available La reacción de curado del sistema compuesto por el éter diglicidílico del bisfenol-A (DGEBA y la dietilentriamina (DETA fue estudiada por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC. Diferentes expresiones cinéticas fueron encontradas por experimentos isotérmicos y dinámicos las que justifican cambios mecanísticos con la temperatura de cura. La cinética de la reacción cumple un segundo orden cinético con una energía de activación de 90 kJ mol-1 a altas temperaturas (mecanismo no catalítico. La cinética de la reacción a bajas temperaturas manifestó la existencia de dos mecanismos competitivos, se determinaron las constantes de velocidades de reacción a 60 y 70ºC y se encontró una energía de activación en el rango de 56.9 a 63.0 kJ mol¹, que está en perfecto acuerdo con la reportada a bajas temperaturas (mecanismo autocatalítico. También se muestra el diagrama de fases del sistema.

Devices for collecting chemical compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, Jill R; Groenewold, Gary S

2013-12-24

A device for sampling chemical compounds from fixed surfaces and related methods are disclosed. The device may include a vacuum source, a chamber and a sorbent material. The device may utilize vacuum extraction to volatilize the chemical compounds from a fixed surface so that they may be sorbed by the sorbent material. The sorbent material may then be analyzed using conventional thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) instrumentation to determine presence of the chemical compounds. The methods may include detecting release and presence of one or more chemical compounds and determining the efficacy of decontamination. The device may be useful in collection and analysis of a variety of chemical compounds, such as residual chemical warfare agents, chemical attribution signatures and toxic industrial chemicals.

2. Intermetallic compounds with lanthanides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elemans, J.B.A.A.

1975-01-01

Theoretical considerations are given concerning the structures of intermetallic compounds of the lanthanides and thorium (R) on the one hand, and with Fe, Co or Ni (M) on the other. They all derive from the parent composition RM 5 with the CaCu 5 hexagonal structure. This consists of alternate layers in which the M atoms are distinguished as M 1 and M 2 . The other compounds whose structures are studied are obtained by systematic replacement of R by M, or vice versa. In the first type, every third R is replaced by two M's yielding R 2 M 17 compounds. The substitution may be truly random or structured in two ways: so that either the hexagonal structure is maintained or that it is converted into a rhombihedral one. In the second type, one M (in a M 1 position) out of every five is replaced by one R, giving rise to RM 2 compounds which form Laves phases. In the third type, the M 1 's are replaced by R's, resulting in compounds RM 3 . In the fourth type, every third M is replaced by R, yielding R 2 M 7 compounds. With M = Co and R a light lanthanide, the compounds are ferromagnets; with R yttrium, thorium, or a heavy lanthanide, they are ferrimagnets. The preparation of the compounds in an arc-melting apparatus under an Ar-atmosphere followed by annealing is described

Energetics of 2- and 3-coumaranone isomers: A combined calorimetric and computational study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sousa, Clara C.S.; Matos, M. Agostinha R.; Santos, Luís M.N.B.F.; Morais, Victor M.F.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Experimental standard molar enthalpies of formation, sublimation of 2- and 3-coumaranone. • Mini-bomb combustion calorimetry, sublimation Calvet microcalorimetry. • DFT methods and high level composite ab initio calculations. • Theoretical estimate of the enthalpy of formation of isobenzofuranone. • Chemical shift (NICS) and the relative stability of the isomers. -- Abstract: Condensed phase standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation for 2-coumaranone and 3-coumaranone were derived from the standard molar enthalpies of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by mini-bomb combustion calorimetry. Standard molar enthalpies of sublimation of both isomers were determined by Calvet microcalorimetry. These results were combined to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the compounds, in gas phase, at T = 298.15 K. Additionally, accurate quantum chemical calculations have been performed using DFT methods and high level composite ab initio calculations. Theoretical estimates of the enthalpies of formation of the compounds are in good agreement with the experimental values thus supporting the predictions of the same parameters for isobenzofuranone, an isomer which has not been experimentally studied. The relative stability of these isomers has been evaluated by experimental and computational results. The importance of some stabilizing electronic intramolecular interactions has been studied and quantitatively evaluated through Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analysis of the wave functions and the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) of the studied systems have been calculated in order to study and establish the effect of electronic delocalization upon the relative stability of the isomers

Compounding around the world.

Science.gov (United States)

Vail, Jane

2008-01-01

Pharmaceutical compounding is universal in its prevalence. Variations in disease patterns, culture, and tradition; the role of government in health care; and the availability of essential equipment and required agents shape a compounding profile unique to each country worldwide. In the following reflections, pharmacists form Argentina, Belgium, Colombia, Germany, Puerto Rico, Spain, and the United States describe their experiences in the compounding setting unique to their practice and their nation. The unifying theme in their comments is the dedication of each contributor to enabling recovery and ensuring the good health of his or her clients.

Volatile flavor compounds in yogurt: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Hefa

2010-11-01

Considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the volatile compounds contributing to the aroma and flavor of yogurt. This review outlines the production of the major flavor compounds in yogurt fermentation and the analysis techniques, both instrumental and sensory, for quantifying the volatile compounds in yogurt. The volatile compounds that have been identified in plain yogurt are summarized, with the few key aroma compounds described in detail. Most flavor compounds in yogurt are produced from lipolysis of milkfat and microbiological transformations of lactose and citrate. More than 100 volatiles, including carbonyl compounds, alcohols, acids, esters, hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, and heterocyclic compounds, are found in yogurt at low to trace concentrations. Besides lactic acid, acetaldehyde, diacetyl, acetoin, acetone, and 2-butanone contribute most to the typical aroma and flavor of yogurt. Extended storage of yogurt causes off-flavor development, which is mainly attributed to the production of undesired aldehydes and fatty acids during lipid oxidation. Further work on studying the volatile flavor compounds-matrix interactions, flavor release mechanisms, and the synergistic effect of flavor compounds, and on correlating the sensory properties of yogurt with the compositions of volatile flavor compounds are needed to fully elucidate yogurt aroma and flavor.

Stable isotopes labelled compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982-09-01

The catalogue on stable isotopes labelled compounds offers deuterium, nitrogen-15, and multiply labelled compounds. It includes: (1) conditions of sale and delivery, (2) the application of stable isotopes, (3) technical information, (4) product specifications, and (5) the complete delivery programme

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) leaves via D-optimal design and artificial neural network design with categorical and quantitative variables.

Science.gov (United States)

Ciğeroğlu, Zeynep; Aras, Ömür; Pinto, Carlos A; Bayramoglu, Mahmut; Kırbaşlar, Ş İsmail; Lorenzo, José M; Barba, Francisco J; Saraiva, Jorge A; Şahin, Selin

2018-03-06

The extraction of phenolic compounds from grapefruit leaves assisted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) by means of D-optimal experimental design and artificial neural network (ANN). For this purpose, five numerical factors were selected: ethanol concentration (0-50%), extraction time (15-60 min), extraction temperature (25-50 °C), solid:liquid ratio (50-100 g L -1 ) and calorimetric energy density of ultrasound (0.25-0.50 kW L -1 ), whereas ultrasound probe horn diameter (13 or 19 mm) was chosen as categorical factor. The optimized experimental conditions yielded by RSM were: 10.80% for ethanol concentration; 58.52 min for extraction time; 30.37 °C for extraction temperature; 52.33 g L -1 for solid:liquid ratio; 0.457 kW L -1 for ultrasonic power density, with thick probe type. Under these conditions total phenolics content was found to be 19.04 mg gallic acid equivalents g -1 dried leaf. The same dataset was used to train multilayer feed-forward networks using different approaches via MATLAB, with ANN exhibiting superior performance to RSM (differences included categorical factor in one model and higher regression coefficients), while close values were obtained for the extraction variables under study, except for ethanol concentration and extraction time. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Organic electronic devices using phthalimide compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Hassan, Azad M.; Thompson, Mark E.

2010-09-07

Organic electronic devices comprising a phthalimide compound. The phthalimide compounds disclosed herein are electron transporters with large HOMO-LUMO gaps, high triplet energies, large reduction potentials, and/or thermal and chemical stability. As such, these phthalimide compounds are suitable for use in any of various organic electronic devices, such as OLEDs and solar cells. In an OLED, the phthalimide compounds may serve various functions, such as a host in the emissive layer, as a hole blocking material, or as an electron transport material. In a solar cell, the phthalimide compounds may serve various functions, such as an exciton blocking material. Various examples of phthalimide compounds which may be suitable for use in the present invention are disclosed.

Organometallic compounds in the environment

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Craig, P. J

2003-01-01

... of Organometallic Species in the Environment 20 1.10 Stability of Organometallic Compounds in Biological Systems 1.11 G eneral Comments on the Toxicities of Organometallic Compounds 22 1.12 General Considerations on Environmental R eactivity of Organometallic Compounds 24 1.13 Microbial Biotransformation of Metals and M etalloids 25 1.13.1 Introduction 25 1...

II-VI semiconductor compounds

CERN Document Server

1993-01-01

For condensed matter physicists and electronic engineers, this volume deals with aspects of II-VI semiconductor compounds. Areas covered include devices and applications of II-VI compounds; Co-based II-IV semi-magnetic semiconductors; and electronic structure of strained II-VI superlattices.

Bioavailability of dietary phenolic compounds: Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erick Gutiérrez-Grijalva Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous in plant-based foods. High dietary intake of fruits, vegetables and cereals is related to a decreased rate in chronic diseases. Phenolic compounds are thought to be responsible, at least in part, for those health effects. Nonetheless, phenolic compounds bioaccessibility and biotransformation is often not considered in these studies; thus, a precise mechanism of action of phenolic compounds is not known. In this review we aim to present a comprehensive knowledge of the metabolic processes through which phenolic compounds go after intake.

Compound Semiconductor Radiation Detectors

CERN Document Server

Owens, Alan

2012-01-01

Although elemental semiconductors such as silicon and germanium are standard for energy dispersive spectroscopy in the laboratory, their use for an increasing range of applications is becoming marginalized by their physical limitations, namely the need for ancillary cooling, their modest stopping powers, and radiation intolerance. Compound semiconductors, on the other hand, encompass such a wide range of physical and electronic properties that they have become viable competitors in a number of applications. Compound Semiconductor Radiation Detectors is a consolidated source of information on all aspects of the use of compound semiconductors for radiation detection and measurement. Serious Competitors to Germanium and Silicon Radiation Detectors Wide-gap compound semiconductors offer the ability to operate in a range of hostile thermal and radiation environments while still maintaining sub-keV spectral resolution at X-ray wavelengths. Narrow-gap materials offer the potential of exceeding the spectral resolutio...

The Onium Compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Tsarevsky, Nicolay V.; Slaveykova, Vera; Manev, Stefan; Lazarov, Dobri

1997-06-01

The onium salts are of a big interest for theoretical and structural chemistry, and for organic synthesis. Some representatives of the group (e.g. ammonium salts) were known from the oldest times. Many onium salts are met the nature: ammonium salts (either as inorganic salts, and organic derivatives, e.g. aminoacids, salts of biogenic amines and alkaloids, etc.); oxonium salts (plant pigments as anthocyans are organic oxonium compounds), etc. In 1894 C. Hartmann and V. Meyer prepared the first iodonium salts - 4-iododiphenyliodonium hydrogensulfate and diphenyliodonium salts, and suggested the ending -onium for all compounds with properties similar to those of ammonium salts. Nowadays onium compounds of almost all nonmetals are synthesised and studied. A great variety of physical methods: diffraction (e.g. XRD) and spectral methods (IR-, NMR-, and UV-spectra), as well as the chemical properties and methods of preparation of onium salts have been used in determination of the structure of these compounds. The application of different onium salts is immense. Ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium salts are used as phase-transfer catalysts; diazonium salts - for the preparation of dyes, metalochromic and pH-indicators. All the onium salts and especially diazonium and iodonium salts are very useful reagents in organic synthesis.

Influence of lipophilicity on drug-cyclodextrin interactions: A calorimetric study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Waters, Laura J.; Bedford, Susan; Parkes, Gareth M.B.; Mitchell, J.C.

2010-01-01

This study presents a systematic investigation of the interaction of three functionally related drugs, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and flurbiprofen, with two distinct forms of cyclodextrin at three specific temperatures, 298, 303 and 310 K using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Although all three pharmaceutical compounds have similar pKa values, they exhibit widely differing lipophilicities. While previous authors have presented data regarding the binding of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen with β-cyclodextrin, this is the first report of the interaction of all three drug substances with β-cyclodextrin and 2-(hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin at controlled pH and temperature. For all scenarios, the associated changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy are presented alongside the stoichiometry and binding constants concerned. In all cases the binding was found to occur at a 1:1 ratio with an associated negative enthalpy and Gibbs free energy with the formation of the complex enthalpically, rather than entropically driven. The data further demonstrates a clear relationship between the thermodynamic behaviour and log P of the drug molecules. This work confirms the suitability of ITC to determine thermodynamic data for drug-cyclodextrin complex formations and provides an insight into the selection of appropriate cyclodextrins for bespoke pharmaceutical formulations.

Influence of lipophilicity on drug-cyclodextrin interactions: A calorimetric study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Waters, Laura J., E-mail: l.waters@hud.ac.uk [School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH (United Kingdom); Bedford, Susan; Parkes, Gareth M.B. [School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH (United Kingdom); Mitchell, J.C. [Medway Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB (United Kingdom)

2010-11-20

This study presents a systematic investigation of the interaction of three functionally related drugs, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and flurbiprofen, with two distinct forms of cyclodextrin at three specific temperatures, 298, 303 and 310 K using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Although all three pharmaceutical compounds have similar pKa values, they exhibit widely differing lipophilicities. While previous authors have presented data regarding the binding of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen with {beta}-cyclodextrin, this is the first report of the interaction of all three drug substances with {beta}-cyclodextrin and 2-(hydroxypropyl)-{beta}-cyclodextrin at controlled pH and temperature. For all scenarios, the associated changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy are presented alongside the stoichiometry and binding constants concerned. In all cases the binding was found to occur at a 1:1 ratio with an associated negative enthalpy and Gibbs free energy with the formation of the complex enthalpically, rather than entropically driven. The data further demonstrates a clear relationship between the thermodynamic behaviour and log P of the drug molecules. This work confirms the suitability of ITC to determine thermodynamic data for drug-cyclodextrin complex formations and provides an insight into the selection of appropriate cyclodextrins for bespoke pharmaceutical formulations.

Direct evidence for the first-order phase transition at the lower critical temperature in Er/sub 1-x/Ho/sub x/Rh4B4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lachal, B.; Ishikawa, M.; Junod, A.; Muller, J.

1982-01-01

Using a heat-pulse and a relaxation technique, we have performed an extensive calorimetric investigation on the reetrant superconductors Er/sub 1-x/Ho/sub x/Rh 4 B 4 (x = 0.4 and 0.6) around their lower critical temperature. These experiments revealed a supercooling effect and thermal hystersis, thus establishing the first-order nature of the transition. Based on the measurement of the latent heat, our thermodynamic analysis suggests that the onset of ferromagnetism is lowered by only 55 mK due to the competing superconducting phase. Results of magnetization and ac susceptibility experiments on these compounds are also included

Peroxide organometallic compounds and their transformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Razuvaev, G.A.; Brilkina, T.G.

1976-01-01

A survey is given experimental works on synthesis and reactions of peroxide organometallic compounds. Reactions have been considered of organometallic compounds with oxygen and organic peroxides which result in formation of both peroxide and non-peroxide products. Possible routes and mechanisms of chemical transformations of peroxide organometallic compounds have been discussed. Reactions of organometallic compounds with oxygen and peroxides have been considered

Catalytic properties of niobium compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanabe, K.; Iizuka, T.

1983-04-01

The catalytic activity and selectivity of niobium compounds including oxides, salts, organometallic compounds and others are outlined. The application of these compounds as catalysts to diversified reactions is reported. The nature and action of niobium catalysts are characteristic and sometimes anomalous, suggesting the necessity of basic research and the potential use as catalysts for important processes in the chemical industry. (Author) [pt

Aroma compounds in sweet whey powder.

Science.gov (United States)

Mahajan, S S; Goddik, L; Qian, M C

2004-12-01

Aroma compounds in sweet whey powder were investigated in this study. Volatiles were isolated by solvent extraction followed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation. Fractionation was used to separate acidic from nonacidic volatiles. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/olfactometry were used for the identification of aroma compounds. Osme methodology was applied to assess the relative importance of each aroma compound. The most aroma-intense free fatty acids detected were acetic, propanoic, butanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, and 9-decenoic acids. The most aroma-intense nonacidic compounds detected were hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, furfuryl alcohol, p-cresol, 2-acetylpyrrole, maltol, furaneol, and several lactones. This study suggested that the aroma of whey powder could comprise compounds originating from milk, compounds generated by the starter culture during cheese making, and compounds formed during the manufacturing process of whey powder.

Natural compounds with herbicidal activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariano Fracchiolla

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Research about phytotoxic activity of natural compounds could lead both to find new herbicidal active ingredients and to plan environmental friendly weed control strategies. Particularly, living organisms could be a source of compounds that are impossible, for their complexity, to synthesize artificially. More over, they could have alternative sites of action respect to the known chemical herbicides and, due to their origin, they should be more environmental safe. Many living organism, such as bacteria, fungi, insects, lichens and plants, are able to produce bioactive compounds. They generally are secondary metabolites or simply waste molecules. In this paper we make a review about these compounds, highlighting potential and constraints.

Natural compounds with herbicidal activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pasquale Montemurro

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Research about phytotoxic activity of natural compounds could lead both to find new herbicidal active ingredients and to plan environmental friendly weed control strategies. Particularly, living organisms could be a source of compounds that are impossible, for their complexity, to synthesize artificially. More over, they could have alternative sites of action respect to the known chemical herbicides and, due to their origin, they should be more environmental safe. Many living organism, such as bacteria, fungi, insects, lichens and plants, are able to produce bioactive compounds. They generally are secondary metabolites or simply waste molecules. In this paper we make a review about these compounds, highlighting potential and constraints.

New uranium compounds preparation and use as catalyst for hydrogenation of non-saturated organic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arnaudet, L.; Folcher, G.

1985-01-01

Preparation of new organic uranium compounds and their use as catalysts for hydrogenation of non-saturated organic compounds are described. These compounds include Uranium III, a cyclopentadienic group, an alkyl group and an acetylenic derivative C 6 H 5 C triple bonds CR fixed by a π bond. Catalysts can be prepared with depleted uanium for hydrogenation of olefins for example [fr

N-(2-PIRYDYLAMINO METHYLENEBISPHOSPHONIC ACID AS A SOLE SOURCE OF A FUNGI FUSARIUM STRAINS GROWING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka

2016-09-01

The results of growth kinetics of the studied Fusarium fungi in the presence of N-(2-pirydyloamino methyle-nobisphosphonic acid, were expressed by dry weight [g·dm-3]. Only Fusarium oxysporum XVI has been capa-ble to grow in acidic medium (pH 4.0 using N-(2-pirydylamino methylene-bisphosphonic acid as an alterna-tive source of phosphorus. In these conditions the N-(2-pirydylamino methylenebisphosphonic acid degrada-tion was carried out to utilize phosphorus compounds as a source of nutrient components for this strain. The presence of N-(2-pirydylamino methylenebisphosphonic acid receded a growth rate of mycelium but did not have an effect on spores of tested fungi.

Analysis of isoelectron isonuclear series of holovalent tetraelectron compounds as a system of bicomponent chemical compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vigdorovich, V.N.; Dzhuraev, T.D.

1985-01-01

Analogs and prototypes of the compounds supplementing the system of isoelectron isonuclear series of holovalent tetraelectron compounds by Gorunova are revealed. The investigation of all series of tetraelectron ovalenthol compounds allows one to supplement the variety of known series used for regular tracing and forecasting of compound properties (series of cation and anion substitutions by isonuclear series of the A 4 B 4 , A 3 B 5 , A 1 B 7 type and others compounds. The above series for medium ordinal numbers anti Z equal 10, 14, 18, 23 and 36 permit to illustrate the possibility of existence of such analogs or series, for example for the compounds of the type A 3 -- B 5 :AlN-BP or Z=1(f AlP-ScN-BV (for Z=14), ScP-AlV (for Z=18), GaP-AlAs-YN-BNb ( for Z=23) and YAs-GaNb-InV-ScSb-LaP-AlPr (for Z=36)

The Movement of Tlaxcaltecas Indians Families to North Region of Nueva Galicia (Virreinato de la Nueva España. A Policy of Colonization and Pacification of the Spanish Empire at the End of the XVI Century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Rojas Galván

2016-07-01

Full Text Available At the end of the XVI century, the Spanish empire had the necessity to create a series of strategies to access deposits of metal deposits located them in the North of Nueva España. These metal deposits were very important to the colony economy. The porpouse of this text in to analize the colonization and pacification policy that the Spanish goverment used in the North of Nueva Galicia during this history period of time, in which a group of tlaxcaltecas families took the leading role. The method used en this research is the historical reconstruction, which give us elements to build up all the past events of the differents sources —vestiges and testimonies— already analized. All this let us know a successfuly colonial policy which help the colonial government to extracted the silver, and also contribuid to legitimize the expansion of tlaxcalteca people in North of Nueva España. Also we conclude two kinds of aculturation: the macroestructural and the microestructural, both affecting in a considerate way the two different social groups wich consider in the same space.

Studying the propensity of compounds to supersaturate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Palmelund, Henrik; Madsen, Cecilie Maria; Christensen, Jakob Plum

2016-01-01

Supersaturating drug delivery systems can enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drug compounds. Supersaturation of such compounds has been studied in many different ways; however, a more standardized method is required. The rationale of choosing suitable concentrations of supersatura......Supersaturating drug delivery systems can enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drug compounds. Supersaturation of such compounds has been studied in many different ways; however, a more standardized method is required. The rationale of choosing suitable concentrations...... of supersaturation to study has previously been very inconsistent. This makes comparisons between studies and compounds difficult, as the propensity of compounds to supersaturate varies greatly. This study presents a standardized method to study the supersaturation of drug compounds. The method allows, both......, for a ranking of compounds according to their supersaturation propensity and the effectiveness of precipitation inhibitors. The time-concentration profile of supersaturation and precipitation was studied in situ for 4 different concentrations for 6 model compounds (albendazole, aprepitant, danazol, felodipine...

Potent antifouling compounds produced by marine Streptomyces

KAUST Repository

Xu, Ying

2010-02-01

Biofouling causes huge economic loss and a recent global ban on organotin compounds as antifouling agents has increased the need for safe and effective antifouling compounds. Five structurally similar compounds were isolated from the crude extract of a marine Streptomyces strain obtained from deep-sea sediments. Antifouling activities of these five compounds and four other structurally-related compounds isolated from a North Sea Streptomyces strain against major fouling organisms were compared to probe structure-activity relationships of compounds. The functional moiety responsible for antifouling activity lies in the 2-furanone ring and that the lipophilicity of compounds substantially affects their antifouling activities. Based on these findings, a compound with a straight alkyl side-chain was synthesized and proved itself as a very effective non-toxic, anti-larval settlement agent against three major fouling organisms. The strong antifouling activity, relatively low toxicity, and simple structures of these compounds make them promising candidates for new antifouling additives. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Method for purifying bidentate organophosphorus compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulz, W.W.

1977-01-01

Bidentate organophosphorus compounds useful for extracting actinide elements from acidic nuclear waste solutions are purified of undesirable acidic impurities by contacting the compounds with ethylene glycol which preferentially extracts the impurities found in technical grade bidentate compounds

Solid-phase synthesis of compounds of europium and terbium with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds under mechanical activation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalinovskaya, I.V.; Karasev, V.E.

2000-01-01

Effect of solvents and parameters of mechanical treatment on basic regularities of synthesis of rare earth compounds with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds is studied. It is shown that interaction on europium (3) and terbium (3) nitrates with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds leads to formation of compounds of Ln(NO 3 )·2D composition, where Ln=Eu, Tb; D=2,2-dipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, diphenylguanidine. Effect of conditions of mechanical treatment and different additions on process and yield of products is studied. Compounds prepared are characterized by the methods of chemical element analysis, IR spectroscopy and luminescent spectroscopy [ru

Affixation and compounding in Hakka

OpenAIRE

Ungsitipoonporn, Siriopen

2014-01-01

This paper aims to present the internal structures of words in the Hakka language. Similar to other languages, affixation and compounding are outstanding in Hakka. In general, prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes which do not occur independently, but in Hakka they sometimes appear as independent forms. Apart from single words, identifying compound words is of particular interest. Compound nouns can be made up of two or three words (characters) which ...

Compound-heterozygous Marfan syndrome

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Dijk, F. S.; Hamel, B. C.; Hilhorst-Hofstee, Y.; Mulder, B. J. M.; Timmermans, J.; Pals, G.; Cobben, J. M.

2009-01-01

We report two families in which the probands have compound-heterozygous Marfan syndrome (MFS). The proband of family I has the R2726W FBN1 mutation associated with isolated skeletal features on one allele and a pathogenic FBN1 mutation on the other allele. The phenotype of the compound-heterozygous

Polishing compound for plastic surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Stowell, M.S.

1991-01-01

This invention is comprised of a polishing compound for plastic materials. The compound includes approximately by approximately by weight 25 to 80 parts at least one petroleum distillate lubricant, 1 to 12 parts mineral spirits, 50 to 155 parts abrasive paste, and 15 to 60 parts water. Preferably, the compound includes approximately 37 to 42 parts at least one petroleum distillate lubricant, up to 8 parts mineral spirits, 95 to 110 parts abrasive paste, and 50 to 55 parts water. The proportions of the ingredients are varied in accordance with the particular application. The compound is used on PLEXIGLAS{trademark}, LEXAN{trademark}, LUCITE{trademark}, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and similar plastic materials whenever a smooth, clear polished surface is desired.

Crystallographic properties of fertilizer compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frazier, A.W.; Dillard, E.F.; Thrasher, R.D.; Waerstad, K.R.; Hunter, S.R.; Kohler, J.J.; Scheib, R.M.

1991-02-01

This bulletin is a compilation of crystallographic data collected at NFERC on 450 fertilizer-related compounds. In TVA's fertilizer R and D program, petrographic examination, XRD, and infrared spectroscopy are combined with conventional chemical analysis methods in identifying the individual compounds that occur in fertilizer materials. This handbook brings together the results of these characterization studies and supplemental crystallographic data from the literature. It is in one-compound-per-page, loose-leaf format, ordered alphabetically by IUPAC name. Indexes provided include IUPAC name, formula, group, alternate formula, synonyms, x-ray data, optical data. Tables are given for solids, compounds in commercial MAP and DAP, and matrix materials in phosphate rock.

A Multiplexed Assay That Monitors Effects of Multiple Compound Treatment Times Reveals Candidate Immune-Enhancing Compounds.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Ziyan; Henowitz, Liza; Zweifach, Adam

2018-05-01

We previously developed a flow cytometry assay that monitored lytic granule exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated by contacting beads coated with activating anti-CD3 antibodies. That assay was multiplexed in that responses of cells that did or did not receive the activating stimulus were distinguished via changes in light scatter accompanying binding of cells to beads, allowing us to discriminate compounds that activate responses on their own from compounds that enhance responses in cells that received the activating stimulus, all within a single sample. Here we add a second dimension of multiplexing by developing means to assess in a single sample the effects of treating cells with test compounds for different times. Bar-coding cells before adding them to test wells lets us determine compound treatment time while also monitoring activation status and response amplitude at the point of interrogation. This multiplexed assay is suitable for screening 96-well plates. We used it to screen compounds from the National Cancer Institute, identifying several compounds that enhance anti-LAMP1 responses. Multiple-treatment-time (MTT) screening enabled by bar-coding and read via high-throughput flow cytometry may be a generally useful method for facilitating the discovery of compounds of interest.

Characterization of selected volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds at a roadside monitoring station

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, K. F.; Lee, S. C.; Chiu, Gloria M. Y.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PAHs and carbonyl compounds are the major toxic components in Hong Kong. Emissions from motor vehicles have been one of the primary pollution sources in the metropolitan areas throughout Hong Kong for a long time. A 1-yr monitoring program for VOCs, PAHs and carbonyl compounds had been performed at a roadside urban station at Hong Kong Polytechnic University in order to determine the variations and correlations of each selected species (VOCs, PAHs and carbonyl compounds). This study is aimed to analyze toxic volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), two carbonyl compounds (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde), and selective polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The monitoring program started from 16 April 1999 to 30 March 2000. Ambient VOC concentrations, many of which originate from the same sources as particulate PAHs and carbonyls compounds, show significant quantities of benzene, toluene and xylenes. Correlations and multivariate analysis of selected gaseous and particulate phase organic pollutants were performed. Source identification by principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis allowed the identification of four sources (factors) for the roadside monitoring station. Factor 1 represents the effect of diesel vehicle exhaust. Factor 2 shows the contribution of aromatic compounds. Factor 3 explains photochemical products—formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Factor 4 explains the effect of gasoline vehicle exhaust.

Structural study of chlorine tri-fluoride and bromine penta-fluoride in liquid and solid phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rousson, R.

1973-01-01

This research thesis reports the structural study of chlorine tri-fluoride and bromine penta-fluoride between 20 C and about -265 C. After some generalities on these compounds and a presentation of the experimental technique, the author reports and discusses results obtained with these both compounds: Raman spectrum for the liquid and for the solid phase, infrared spectrum for the solid phase, calorimetric measurements. In the case of chlorine tri-fluoride, the author studies the evolution of the liquid spectrum with temperature, shows the existence of an intermediate solid phase, and compares results obtained by Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. He also applies to bromine penta-fluoride an analysis of normal coordinates of a XF 5 molecule: relationship between force constants and vibration frequencies, application of Wilson method, resolution of the molecular equation, determination of normal vibration modes [fr

Response of Bioluminescent Bacteria to Alkyltin Compounds.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-12-01

found in the butyltiri series of compounds; tributyltin was (’Stimes more toxic than dibutyltin and (- 50 times more toxic than (mono)butyltin. When...correlations between compounds, tributyltin was -35 tine more Kicrotxit and fish bLoessays for pure toxic than dibutyltin end -750 times More compounds and...the compounds as a decrease in toxicity (5) tributyltin compounds ea -150 tines more and a method to study synergistic andtoxic than trinethyltia

Analysis of isoelectron isonuclear series of holovalent tetraelectron compounds as a system of bicomponent chemical compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vigdorovich, V.N.; Dzhuraev, T.D.

1985-03-01

Analogs and prototypes of the compounds supplementing the system of isoelectron isonuclear series of holovalent tetraelectron compounds by Gorunova are revealed. The investigation of all series of tetraelectron ovalenthol compounds allows one to supplement the variety of known series used for regular tracing and forecasting of compound properties (series of cation and anion substitutions by isonuclear series of the A/sup 4/B/sup 4/, A/sup 3/B/sup 5/, A/sup 1/B/sup 7/ type and others compounds. The above series for medium ordinal numbers anti Z equal 10, 14, 18, 23 and 36 permit to illustrate the possibility of existence of such analogs or series, for example for the compounds of the type A/sup 3/-- B/sup 5/:AlN-BP or Z=1(f AlP-ScN-BV (for Z=14), ScP-AlV (for Z=18), GaP-AlAs-YN-BNb (for Z=23) and YAs-GaNb-InV-ScSb-LaP-AlPr (for Z=36).

Chemical compounds in teak

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Viana da Silva Leonardo

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Quinone compounds are largely generated at extractive fraction of the woods in a complex and variable biological system. The literature has indications for many segments from food industry to pharmaceutical industry. Within the field of industrial use of wood, they are less desirable since they are treated only as incidental substances in production strings of pulp, paper, charcoal, and sawmill. In spite of its small amount, compared to other chemical compounds called essential, these substances have received special attention from researchers revealing a diverse range of offerings to market products textiles, pharmaceuticals, colorants, and other polymers, for which are being tested and employed. Quinones are found in fungi, lichens, and mostly in higher plants. Tectona grandis, usually called teak, is able to biosynthesize anthraquinones, which is a quinone compound, byproduct of secondary metabolism. This species provides wood that is much prized in the furniture sector and can also be exploited for metabolites to supply the market in quinone compounds and commercial development of new technologies, adding value to the plantations of this species within our country.

Mayor gloria de Dios es que lo sea una mujer... Sor María de Jesús de Ágreda y Sor Francisca Josefa de la Concepción del Castillo (sobre la escritura conventual en los siglos XVI y XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ferrús Antón, Beatriz

2008-06-01

Full Text Available During the 16th and 17th centuries the convents were the best space for women’s writing. A Spanish nun, Sor María de Jesús de Ágreda, and a Latin-American nun, Sor Francisca Josefa de la Concepción del Castillo, are two of the most important writers of that time, and they serve like a example to comment the feminine writing in the convent. The autobiography, as a space for self analysis, receives a special attention.Durante los siglos XVI y XVII, los conventos se convirtieron en el espacio privilegiado para la escritura femenina. Una monja española, Sor María de Jesús de Ágreda, y otra latinoamericana Sor Francisca Josefa de la Concepción del Castillo, autoras de textos de referencia para las letras de su tiempo, nos sirven de ejemplo para analizar las claves de la escritura femenina (conventual durante estos siglos. La narración autobiográfica, como espacio de expresividad y autoanálisis femenino recibe aquí una especial atención.

Fig volatile compounds--a first comparative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Grison-Pigé, Laure; Hossaert-McKey, Martine; Greeff, Jaco M; Bessière, Jean-Marie

2002-09-01

We analysed the compounds of volatile blends released by receptive figs of twenty Ficus species to attract their specific pollinating wasps. In all, 99 different compounds were identified. The compounds are mainly terpenoids, aliphatic compounds and products from the shikimic acid pathway. In each species blend, there are few major compounds, which are generally common among floral fragrances. Most species blends also include rare compounds, but generally their proportion in the blend is low. A possible basis for species-specificity of Ficus-wasp interactions is discussed in relation to the patterns of volatiles found in this interspecies comparison. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Phenolic compounds in Ross Sea water

Science.gov (United States)

Zangrando, Roberta; Barbaro, Elena; Gambaro, Andrea; Barbante, Carlo; Corami, Fabiana; Kehrwald, Natalie; Capodaglio, Gabriele

2016-04-01

Phenolic compounds are semi-volatile organic compounds produced during biomass burning and lignin degradation in water. In atmospheric and paleoclimatic ice cores studies, these compounds are used as biomarkers of wood combustion and supply information on the type of combusted biomass. Phenolic compounds are therefore indicators of paleoclimatic interest. Recent studies of Antarctic aerosols highlighted that phenolic compounds in Antarctica are not exclusively attributable to biomass burning but also derive from marine sources. In order to study the marine contribution to aerosols we developed an analytical method to determine the concentration of vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, isovanillic acid, homovanillic acid, syringaldehyde, acetosyringone and acetovanillone present in dissolved and particle phases in Sea Ross waters using HPLC-MS/MS. The analytical method was validated and used to quantify phenolic compounds in 28 sea water samples collected during a 2012 Ross Sea R/V cruise. The observed compounds were vanillic acid, vanillin, acetovanillone and p-coumaric acid with concentrations in the ng/L range. Higher concentrations of analytes were present in the dissolved phase than in the particle phase. Sample concentrations were greatest in the coastal, surficial and less saline Ross Sea waters near Victoria Land.

Semiconducting compounds and devices incorporating same

Science.gov (United States)

Marks, Tobin J.; Facchetti, Antonio; Boudreault, Pierre-Luc; Miyauchi, Hiroyuki

2016-01-19

Disclosed are molecular and polymeric compounds having desirable properties as semiconducting materials. Such compounds can exhibit desirable electronic properties and possess processing advantages including solution-processability and/or good stability. Organic transistor and photovoltaic devices incorporating the present compounds as the active layer exhibit good device performance.

Compound Odontoma in young girl

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Nurwahida Nurwahida

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Odontomas are the most common type of odontogenic tumors and generally they are asymptomatic. These tumors are formed from enamel and dentin, and can have variable amounts of cement and pulp tissues. According to radiographic, microscopic, and clinical features, two types of odontomas are recognized: Complex and compound odontomas. Complex odontomas occur mostly in the posterior part of the mandible and compound odontomas in the anterior maxilla. Case Report. A young girl patient, 9 years old came to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with a slow growing and asymptomatic swelling in her left posterior mandible for 5 years in his history taking. The panoramic radiograph show  a radioopacity and radiolucent lesion at the lower second molar region, with well-corticated limits. An insisional biopsi   confirmed  as compound odontoma. The surgery  performed with simple enucleation and curettage under general anaesthesia. Discussion. Compound odontomas are usually located in the anterior maxilla, over the crowns of unerupted teeth, or between the roots of erupted teeth. In this case report, Compound odontomas are found in the posterior mandible. Conclusion. Compound odontomas in the posterior mandible is a rare. The treatment of odontomas depends on the size of the lesion. The early diagnosis, the treatment of choice is conservative surgical enucleation and curettage and prognosis is excellent.

Synthesis and characterization of a new uranium(V) compound: H3O+UF6-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masson, J.P.; Desmoulin, J.P.; Charpin, P.; Bougon, R.

1976-01-01

The reaction of equimolar amounts of UF 5 and H 2 O in hydrogen fluoride results in the partial dissolution of UF 5 , yielding a blue-green solution from which the new salt oxonium hexafluorouranate(V)(H 3 O + UF 6 - ) could be isolated as a green crystalline solid. Calorimetric measurements showed H 3 O + UF 6 - to decompose at about 68 0 C and its heat of formation to be equal to -628 +- 2 kcal mol. Its ionic nature in the solid state and in HF solutions was demonstrated from vibrational and electronic spectra. The electronic spectrum is closely similar to those of LiUF 6 , NaUF 6 , and CsUF 6 and differs from those of RbUF 6 and KUF 6 . This adduct shows a strong ESR signal, with g = -0.78 +- 0.10, characteristic of UF 6 - salts. Based on its x-ray powder diffraction pattern, H 3 O + UF 6 - is cubic with a = 5.2229 +- 0.0005 A

The development of an electrically compensated differential calorimeter for the measurement of in-pile heat evolution (1962); Etude et realisation d'un calorimetre differentiel a compensation electrique pour la mesure des echaufpements en pile (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ayela, F; Derrien, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

It has been possible with the calorimeter of which we give the principle and details in the present report, to determine the calorific power produced by nuclear radiation in a given sample using simple electrical measurement. It also renders unnecessary all absolute measurements of temperature, all possible calibration, and the use of the thermal or thermoelectric constants of the constituent elements. The possible uses of the apparatus are fairly varied, as shown by the first in-pile experiments which we have carried out and for which we give results. (authors) [French] Le calorimetre, dont nous decrivons le principe et les details dans le present rapport, nous permet de determiner, par de simples mesures electriques, la puissance calorifique liberee par les rayonnements nucleaires dans un echantillon donne. Il nous affranchit aussi, de toute mesure absolue de temperature, de tout etalonnage prealable, et de l'utilisation des constantes thermiques ou thermoelectriques de ses elements constitutifs. Les possibilites d'emploi de l'appareil sont assez variees comme nous le montrent les premiers essais que nous avons effectues en pile et dont nous donnons les resultats. (auteurs)

Prioritizing pesticide compounds for analytical methods development

Science.gov (United States)

Norman, Julia E.; Kuivila, Kathryn; Nowell, Lisa H.

2012-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a periodic need to re-evaluate pesticide compounds in terms of priorities for inclusion in monitoring and studies and, thus, must also assess the current analytical capabilities for pesticide detection. To meet this need, a strategy has been developed to prioritize pesticides and degradates for analytical methods development. Screening procedures were developed to separately prioritize pesticide compounds in water and sediment. The procedures evaluate pesticide compounds in existing USGS analytical methods for water and sediment and compounds for which recent agricultural-use information was available. Measured occurrence (detection frequency and concentrations) in water and sediment, predicted concentrations in water and predicted likelihood of occurrence in sediment, potential toxicity to aquatic life or humans, and priorities of other agencies or organizations, regulatory or otherwise, were considered. Several existing strategies for prioritizing chemicals for various purposes were reviewed, including those that identify and prioritize persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds, and those that determine candidates for future regulation of drinking-water contaminants. The systematic procedures developed and used in this study rely on concepts common to many previously established strategies. The evaluation of pesticide compounds resulted in the classification of compounds into three groups: Tier 1 for high priority compounds, Tier 2 for moderate priority compounds, and Tier 3 for low priority compounds. For water, a total of 247 pesticide compounds were classified as Tier 1 and, thus, are high priority for inclusion in analytical methods for monitoring and studies. Of these, about three-quarters are included in some USGS analytical method; however, many of these compounds are included on research methods that are expensive and for which there are few data on environmental samples. The remaining quarter of Tier 1

La capilla de los Neira de Luaces en la iglesia compostelana de Santa María do Camiño (ss. XVI-XIX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valdés Blanco-Rajoy, Rosario

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Using epigraphic testimonies and unpublished documents, we can establish that the chapel of the family Neira de Luaces was founded in the first quarter of the 16th Century, being sponsored by Juan Outeiro, ancient alderman of Santiago de Compostela. This chapel is in the church of Santa María do Camiño, a building directly linked with the pilgrimages tradition, situated near of the old door of the French Way. We try to describe the historical evolution of this chapel till today, making a bibliographical review and a historiographical synthesis, where are combined material evidences and textual testimonies. We are also publishing new information about its artistic configuration that acquires a new dimension and a new meaning, being understood in the context of the family pantheon.

A partir de noticias epigráficas y documentales inéditas se puede establecer la fundación de la capilla de los Neira de Luces en la primera mitad del siglo XVI, bajo el patrocinio de Juan Outeiro regidor de la ciudad de Santiago. La capilla se encuentra en la iglesia compostelana de Santa María do Camiño, muy ligada a la tradición jacobea por estar situada en la entrada de la ciudad, junto a la antigua puerta del Camino Francés. Se sigue en lo posible su evolución hasta nuestros días, efectuando una labor de revisión y síntesis históriográfica que combina la evidencia material y la escrita. Se aportan además, algunos datos sobre determinados aspectos artísticos que adquieren nueva dimensión y significado al ser tratados en su conjunto, contextualizando el recinto funerario familiar en el ámbito urbano y considerando al mismo tiempo los diferentes períodos históricos.

Antifouling Compounds from Marine Invertebrates

OpenAIRE

Qi, Shu-Hua; Ma, Xuan

2017-01-01

In this review, a comprehensive overview about the antifouling compounds from marine invertebrates is described. In total, more than 198 antifouling compounds have been obtained from marine invertebrates, specifically, sponges, gorgonian and soft corals.

Antifouling Compounds from Marine Invertebrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Qi, Shu-Hua; Ma, Xuan

2017-08-28

In this review, a comprehensive overview about the antifouling compounds from marine invertebrates is described. In total, more than 198 antifouling compounds have been obtained from marine invertebrates, specifically, sponges, gorgonian and soft corals.

The demise of compound houses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andreasen, Jørgen; Eskemose Andersen, Jørgen

2006-01-01

of compound housing and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of life within such housing in Kumasi. Issues of privacy, image and communal life are usually cited by occupants dissatiesfied with life in compound houses, and the difficulty of extending them without spoiling the open spaces...... perceptions of what is acceptable urban life to the growing cohort of young African households. In addition, there is a need to explore innovative forms of tenure in order to secure the majority of Kumasi's population access to land for housing.......The compound house has long provided the accomodation required by low income households in West African cities. In Kumasi, Ghana, evidence suggests that no new compounds are being built. Instead, the city is being ringed by relatively affluent villa-style development while neighbourhoods dominated...

Use of labeled compounds in tracer experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

The use of radiotracers in research has become common. This chapter looks at some of the underlying assumptions and advantages of labeled compounds: advantages of radiotracers; availability of suitable tracers and labeled compounds; purity of labeled compounds; autoradiolysis; storage of labeled compounds; detection systems for chromatography and electrophoretic methods. 14 refs., 2 figs

Fluorine-18 labelled compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kleijn, J.P. de

1978-01-01

The work presented in this thesis deals with the problems involved in the adaption of reactor-produced fluorine-18 to the synthesis of 18 F-labelled organic fluorine compounds. Several 18 F-labelling reagents were prepared and successfully applied. The limitations to the synthetic possibilities of reactor-produced fluoride- 18 become manifest in the last part of the thesis. An application to the synthesis of labelled aliphatic fluoro amino acids has appeared to be unsuccessful as yet, although some other synthetic approaches can be indicated. Seven journal articles (for which see the availability note) are used to compose the four chapters and three appendices. The connecting text gives a survey of known 18 F-compounds and methods for preparing such compounds. (Auth.)

Resistance to phenicol compounds following adaptation to quaternary ammonium compounds in Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Soumet, C; Fourreau, E; Legrandois, P; Maris, P

2012-07-06

Bacterial adaptation to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) is mainly documented for benzalkonium chloride (BC) and few data are available for other QACs. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of repeated exposure to different quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) on the susceptibility and/or resistance of bacteria to other QACs and antibiotics. Escherichia coli strains (n=10) were adapted by daily exposure to increasingly sub-inhibitory concentrations of a QAC for 7 days. Three QACs were studied. Following adaptation, we found similar levels of reduction in susceptibility to QACs with a mean 3-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared to initial MIC values, whatever the QAC used during adaptation. No significant differences in antibiotic susceptibility were observed between the tested QACs. Antibiotic susceptibility was reduced from 3.5- to 7.5-fold for phenicol compounds, β lactams, and quinolones. Increased MIC was associated with a shift in phenotype from susceptible to resistant for phenicol compounds (florfenicol and chloramphenicol) in 90% of E. coli strains. Regardless of the QAC used for adaptation, exposure to gradually increasing concentrations of this type of disinfectant results in reduced susceptibility to QACs and antibiotics as well as cross-resistance to phenicol compounds in E. coli strains. Extensive use of QACs at sub-inhibitory concentrations may lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and may represent a public health risk. Published by Elsevier B.V.

THE COMPOUND NOUNS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN LANGUAGE

OpenAIRE

Shkelqim Millaku; Xhevahire Topanica

2016-01-01

The compound words are all the words that are compound from two or more words and both of them creative the new words with the new meaning. In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the word-formation that creates compound lexemes (the other word-formation process being derivation). Compounding or Word-compounding refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting toget...

Insecticidal Activity of Cyanohydrin and Monoterpenoid Compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joel R. Coats

2000-04-01

Full Text Available The insecticidal activities of several cyanohydrins, cyanohydrin esters and monoterpenoid esters (including three monoterpenoid esters of a cyanohydrin were evaluated. Topical toxicity to Musca domestica L. adults was examined, and testing of many compounds at 100 mg/fly resulted in 100% mortality. Topical LD50 values of four compounds for M. domestica were calculated. Testing of many of the reported compounds to brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana Kellog resulted in 100% mortality at 10 ppm, and two compounds caused 100% mortality at 1 ppm. Aquatic LC50 values were calculated for five compounds for larvae of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti (L.. Monoterpenoid esters were among the most toxic compounds tested in topical and aquatic bioassays.

Calorimetric measuring systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ritchie, Andrew Ewen; Pedersen, John Kim; Blaabjerg, Frede

2004-01-01

in the system. If the switching speed can be increased, improvements may be possible (e.g., current ripple in an electrical machine or physical size of passive components may be reduced). On the other hand, increased switching speed may cause additional losses in a power electronic system and increase...... the system cooling requirement. A common problem is that high-frequency phenomena like proximity effect, skin effect, hysteresis losses, and eddy current losses appear in the systems. These losses are very difficult to treat both theoretically and in practice. It is often difficult to measure the effect...

Indígenas andinos en Chile Colonial: Inmigración, inserción espacial, integración económica y movilidad social (Santiago, Siglos XVI-XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valenzuela Márquez, Jaime

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Beginning with the 16th century conquering expeditions, many Andean natives who served the Spaniards arrived in Chile, where they settled in and integrated in the work and social areas of this outlying «New World»; they formed local networks and relationships, had offspring; a number of them became artisans and some drafted wills or left their mark in ecclesiastical or notarized documents that provide us with an idea of their mobility and local integration. This work offers a background and reveals the principle hubs of a process resembling a medullar structure, in order to understand how the early Chilean colonial society was made up. At the same time, it provides insights into the phenomena of movement, uprooting and settlement of the indigenous population in the southern Peruvian viceroyalty.

Desde las expediciones de conquista del siglo XVI llegaron a Chile numerosos indígenas andinos que sirvieron a los españoles, se asentaron y se integraron en los espacios laborales y sociales de este «nuevo mundo» periférico; formaron redes y parentescos locales, tuvieron descendencia, varios se transformaron en artesanos y algunos dictaron testamentos o dejaron huellas en documentos eclesiásticos y notariales que nos permiten observar su movilidad e inserción local. Este trabajo aporta antecedentes y desvela los principales ejes de un proceso que aparece como medular para entender la formación de la sociedad colonial chilena temprana y, a la vez, para dar cuenta de fenómenos de circulación, desarraigo y asentamiento de población indígena en el virreinato peruano meridional.

Bis(1,3-dithiole) Compounds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Jan Rud; Engler, E. M.; Green, D. C.

1977-01-01

There is described the preparation of bis-1,3-dithiole compounds (I) which are key synthetic precursors for the preparation of new polymeric metal bis(dithiolene) (i.e., II) and tetrathiafulvalene compounds (i.e., III): (Image Omitted)...

Investigations to explore interactions in (polyhydroxy solute + L-ascorbic acid + H2O) solutions at different temperatures: Calorimetric and viscometric approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banipal, Parampaul K.; Sharma, Mousmee; Aggarwal, Neha; Banipal, Tarlok S.

2016-01-01

Highlights: • The hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions predominate at low temperatures. • Enthalpy change for polyol is less exothermic than its parent saccharide. • Δ dil C o p,2,m values suggest structural increase in presence of L-ascorbic acid. • Solutes act as kosmotropes in L-ascorbic acid (aq) solutions as indicated by dB/dT. - Abstract: Isothermal titration micro-calorimeter has been used to measure the enthalpy change (q) of polyhydroxy solutes [(+)-D-xylose, xylitol, (+)-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, (+)-methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, and (+)-maltose monohydrate] in water and in (0.05, 0.15, and 0.25) mol·kg −1 L-ascorbic acid (aq) solutions at (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. Limiting enthalpies of dilution (Δ dil H°) of these solutes were calculated from heat evolved/absorbed during calorimetric experiments. Further thermodynamic quantities such as limiting enthalpies of dilution of transfer (Δ tr Δ dil H°), change in heat capacity (Δ dil C o p,2,m ), and pair (h AB ) and triplet (h ABB ) enthalpic interaction coefficients were also calculated and used to explore the nature of interactions of solutes with cosolute (L-ascorbic acid). The Jones-Dole viscosity B-coefficients for (+)-D-xylose, xylitol, (+)-D-galactose, galactitol, (+)-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, (+)-methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, and (+)-maltose monohydrate in water and in (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35) mol·kg −1 L-ascorbic acid (aq) solutions have been determined from viscosity (η) data measured over temperature range (288.15–318.15) K and at pressure, P = 101.3 kPa. The temperature dependence of B-coefficients (dB/dT), and viscosity B-coefficients of transfer (Δ tr B) of solutes from water to cosolute have also been estimated. These parameters have been discussed in terms of structure-making (kosmotropic) or -breaking (chaotropic) behavior of solutes.

Molecular mechanism of radiosensitization by nitro compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kagiya, T.; Wada, T.; Nishimoto, S.I.

1984-01-01

In this chapter a molecular mechanism of radiosensitization by electron-affinic nitro compounds is discussed, mainly on the basis of the results of the radiation-induced chemical studies of DNA-related compounds in aqueous solutions. In Section II the general aspects of the radiation chemistry of organic compounds in the absence and presence of oxygen in aqueous solution are shown in order to demonstrate characteristic differences between radiation chemical reactions in hypoxic and oxic cells. The effects of nitro compounds on the radiolysis yields of DNA-related compounds in aqueous solutions are described in Section III. In Section IV the retardation effects of misonidazole on the radiation chemical processes of DNA-related compounds are shown along with the reaction characteristics of misonidazole with hydroxyl radical ( . OH) and hydrated electron (e/sub aq/-bar) produced by the radiolysis of water. The promotion of radiation-induced oxidation of thymine into thymine glycol (TG) by nitro radiosensitizers in deoxygenated solution and the relations between the activity of nitro compound for the thymine glycol formation and the enhancement activity measured in vitro are described in Section V. Finally, the protection against radiation-induced damage of thymine by a sulfhydryl compound of glutathione and the ability of electron-affinic compounds to decompose the intracellular radioprotector are described in Section VI

Thermo-chemistry of nuclear waste glasses: a new approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Linard, Y.; Neuville, D.R.; Richet, P.

1997-01-01

Understanding of the stability and weathering of glasses used for storing fission products is hampered by a general lack of basic thermochemical information. Models have been setup to predict Gibbs free energies of dissolution of glasses, but ascertaining their accuracy is made difficult by the very lack of reliable experimental data with which model results should be compared. As enthalpies of formation can in principle be determined from usual solution calorimetry experiments, the lack of Gibbs-free energy data for glasses mainly stems from the fact that, as disordered substances, glasses do not obey the third principle and have indeed large configurational entropies. These entropies can be determined from thermochemical measurements only when there exist a congruently melting crystalline compound with the same composition. Using available data, we have calculated the Gibbs-free energies of formation of a series of silicate glasses for which such a calorimetric determination is possible. With these results, we assess the predictions of Paul's model (1977) for calculating Gibbs-free energies of dissolution. As the complex compositions of the borosilicate glasses used for nuclear waste storage prevent determining configurational entropies by calorimetric methods, we point out how these can be determined instead from viscosity measurements. We finally discuss the implications of this approach for modeling of water-glass interactions. (authors)

Synthesis, thermal and magnetic properties of RE-diborides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Novikov, V.V., E-mail: vvnovikov@mail.ru [Training-Research Center ' Bryansk Physical Laboratory' , Petrovsky Bryansk State University, 14, Bezhitskaya St, 241036 Bryansk (Russian Federation); Matovnikov, A.V. [Training-Research Center ' Bryansk Physical Laboratory' , Petrovsky Bryansk State University, 14, Bezhitskaya St, 241036 Bryansk (Russian Federation); Volkova, O.S. [Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation); Vasil' ev, A.N., E-mail: vasil@mig.phys.msu.ru [Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation)

2017-04-15

Techniques of synthesis of RE diborides (RB{sub 2}) are developed (R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Lu). Temperature dependence of magnetisation, a heat capacity, a lattice parameters of diborides in the range of 2–300 K are measured. According to joint calorimetric and X-ray research the analysis of a phonon component of a heat capacity and thermal expansion of RE-diborides is carried out by Debye-Einstein's models, the parameters of the model are determined. The change of magnetisation of the ferromagnetic RB{sub 2} compounds with growth of temperature caused by violation of ordering in the system of the atomic magnetic moments is compared with the change of entropy of a magnetic subsystem calculated from calorimetric data. Analytical expansion for calculation of a magnetic component of a heat capacity by RB{sub 2} magnetisation data at the temperatures of 2–300 K is obtained. - Highlights: • 1 Techniques of synthesis of RE diborides (RB{sub 2}) are developed (R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Lu). • 2 Temperature dependence of magnetisation of diborides at 2–300 K is determined. • 3 Calculation method of RB{sub 2} magnetic heat capacity from magnetic data is obtained.

Thin films of mixed metal compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Mickelsen, Reid A.; Chen, Wen S.

1985-01-01

A compositionally uniform thin film of a mixed metal compound is formed by simultaneously evaporating a first metal compound and a second metal compound from independent sources. The mean free path between the vapor particles is reduced by a gas and the mixed vapors are deposited uniformly. The invention finds particular utility in forming thin film heterojunction solar cells.

Quinoline-Based Hybrid Compounds with Antimalarial Activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xhamla Nqoro

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The application of quinoline-based compounds for the treatment of malaria infections is hampered by drug resistance. Drug resistance has led to the combination of quinolines with other classes of antimalarials resulting in enhanced therapeutic outcomes. However, the combination of antimalarials is limited by drug-drug interactions. In order to overcome the aforementioned factors, several researchers have reported hybrid compounds prepared by reacting quinoline-based compounds with other compounds via selected functionalities. This review will focus on the currently reported quinoline-based hybrid compounds and their preclinical studies.

Binding thermodynamics of Diclofenac and Naproxen with human and bovine serum albumins: A calorimetric and spectroscopic study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bou-Abdallah, Fadi; Sprague, Samuel E.; Smith, Britannia M.; Giffune, Thomas R.

2016-01-01

phenomena were reported for Diclofenac and Naproxen binding to BSA but not to HSA. Fluorescence quenching data between Diclofenac and the two proteins suggest static collisions and the formation of ground-state protein-drug complexes. The DSC data corroborate the ITC findings and show multiple sequential unfolding events and a strong drug stabilization effect at high drug to protein ratios. Overall, the calorimetric and spectroscopic data provided insights into the nature of these protein-drugs interactions and might offer useful information in future drug discovery studies.

Four new compounds from Imperata cylindrica.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xuan; Zhang, Bin-Feng; Yang, Li; Chou, Gui-Xin; Wang, Zheng-Tao

2014-04-01

Four new compounds, impecylone (1), deacetylimpecyloside (2), seguinoside K 4-methylether (3) and impecylenolide (4), were isolated from Imperata cylindrica along with two known compounds, impecyloside (5) and seguinoside K (6). Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analyses including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques, and the absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. In calcium assay, the result indicated that compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 cannot obviously inhibit the calcium peak value compared with the negative control, and suggested that the four compounds could not have anti-inflammatory activity.

Genetic effects of organic mercury compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramel, C

1967-01-01

Organic mercury compounds have a c-mitotic effect on plant cells that cause polyploidi. Studies were performed on Allium root cells. These investigations involved methyl mercury dicyandiamide, methyl mercury hydroxide, and phenyl mercury hydroxide. The lowest concentration necessary for a cytologically observable effect was about 0.05 ppM Hg for the methyl compounds. For the phenyl compound, the value was lower. Experiments were performed on Drosophila melanogaster. The question was whether the mercury would reach the gonads. Experimental data with mercury treated larvae indicated a chromosome disjunction. Data indicated a preferential segregation at the meiotic division might be involved. Experiments are being performed on mice inbred (CBA) in order to investigate teratogenic effects and dominant lethality caused by organic mercury compounds. The mutagenic effects of these compounds are studied on Neurospora Drosophila. No conclusive data is now available.

Chloric organic compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moalem, F.

2000-01-01

Since many years ago, hazardous and toxic refuses which are results of human activities has been carelessly without any Biological and Engineering facts and knowledge discharged into our land and water. The effects of discharging those materials in environment are different. Some of refuse materials shows short and other has long-time adverse effects in our environment, Among hazardous organic chemical materials, chlorine, consider, to be the main element. Organic materials with chlorine is called chlorine hydrocarbon as a hazardous compound. This paper discuss the hazardous materials especially chloric organic compound and their misuse effects in environment and human being

Radiolysis of other organic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pikaev, A.K.

1986-01-01

Peculiarities of radiolysis of organic halogen, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen (including amines, amides, nitriles et al.) compounds in liquid phase are discussed. Intermediate and stable finish products of radiolysis of the given compounds, properties and radiochemical yields of these products are considered

Xenobiotic organic compounds in wastewater

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Eriksson, Eva; Baun, Anders; Henze, Mogens

2002-01-01

hundred of XOCs, among them mainly originating from hygiene products: chlorophenols, detergents and phthalates. Several compounds not deriving from hygiene products were also identified e.g. flame-retardants and drugs. A environmental hazard identification showed that a large number of compounds with high...

Two new acetylenic compounds from Asparagus officinalis.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xue-Mei; Cai, Jin-Long; Wang, Wen-Xiang; Ai, Hong-Lian; Mao, Zi-Chao

2016-01-01

Two new acetylenic compounds, asparoffins A (1) and B (2), together with two known compounds, nyasol (3) and 3″-methoxynyasol (4), were isolated from stems of Asparagus officinalis. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR). All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines.

Phenolic Compounds in Brassica Vegetables

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Velasco

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Phenolic compounds are a large group of phytochemicals widespread in the plant kingdom. Depending on their structure they can be classified into simple phenols, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids. Phenolic compounds have received considerable attention for being potentially protective factors against cancer and heart diseases, in part because of their potent antioxidative properties and their ubiquity in a wide range of commonly consumed foods of plant origin. The Brassicaceae family includes a wide range of horticultural crops, some of them with economic significance and extensively used in the diet throughout the world. The phenolic composition of Brassica vegetables has been recently investigated and, nowadays, the profile of different Brassica species is well established. Here, we review the significance of phenolic compounds as a source of beneficial compounds for human health and the influence of environmental conditions and processing mechanisms on the phenolic composition of Brassica vegetables.

Compound cueing in free recall

Science.gov (United States)

Lohnas, Lynn J.; Kahana, Michael J.

2013-01-01

According to the retrieved context theory of episodic memory, the cue for recall of an item is a weighted sum of recently activated cognitive states, including previously recalled and studied items as well as their associations. We show that this theory predicts there should be compound cueing in free recall. Specifically, the temporal contiguity effect should be greater when the two most recently recalled items were studied in contiguous list positions. A meta-analysis of published free recall experiments demonstrates evidence for compound cueing in both conditional response probabilities and inter-response times. To help rule out a rehearsal-based account of these compound cueing effects, we conducted an experiment with immediate, delayed and continual-distractor free recall conditions. Consistent with retrieved context theory but not with a rehearsal-based account, compound cueing was present in all conditions, and was not significantly influenced by the presence of interitem distractors. PMID:23957364

Compound cuing in free recall.

Science.gov (United States)

Lohnas, Lynn J; Kahana, Michael J

2014-01-01

According to the retrieved context theory of episodic memory, the cue for recall of an item is a weighted sum of recently activated cognitive states, including previously recalled and studied items as well as their associations. We show that this theory predicts there should be compound cuing in free recall. Specifically, the temporal contiguity effect should be greater when the 2 most recently recalled items were studied in contiguous list positions. A meta-analysis of published free recall experiments demonstrates evidence for compound cuing in both conditional response probabilities and interresponse times. To help rule out a rehearsal-based account of these compound cuing effects, we conducted an experiment with immediate, delayed, and continual-distractor free recall conditions. Consistent with retrieved context theory but not with a rehearsal-based account, compound cuing was present in all conditions, and was not significantly influenced by the presence of interitem distractors.

Unlock your Compound Management

OpenAIRE

Steffen Eller

2016-01-01

Pharmaceutical industry faces the increased demand for innovative medicines against various diseases. In this regard, the compound library in pharmaceutical industry is the most valuable asset. However, the compound distribution from the library into the screening plates is often still done manually and binds highly qualified resources to very time-consuming, tedious and error-prone tasks. To overcome these challenges, Chemspeed launched the first automated true one-to-one gravimetric "pi...

Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kanae Bekki

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes are advertised as being safer than tobacco cigarettes products as the chemical compounds inhaled from e-cigarettes are believed to be fewer and less toxic than those from tobacco cigarettes. Therefore, continuous careful monitoring and risk management of e-cigarettes should be implemented, with the aim of protecting and promoting public health worldwide. Moreover, basic scientific data are required for the regulation of e-cigarette. To date, there have been reports of many hazardous chemical compounds generated from e-cigarettes, particularly carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and glyoxal, which are often found in e-cigarette aerosols. These carbonyl compounds are incidentally generated by the oxidation of e-liquid (liquid in e-cigarette; glycerol and glycols when the liquid comes in contact with the heated nichrome wire. The compositions and concentrations of these compounds vary depending on the type of e-liquid and the battery voltage. In some cases, extremely high concentrations of these carbonyl compounds are generated, and may contribute to various health effects. Suppliers, risk management organizations, and users of e-cigarettes should be aware of this phenomenon.

Applying Quality by Design Concepts to Pharmacy Compounding.

Science.gov (United States)

Timko, Robert J

2015-01-01

Compounding of medications is an important part of the practice of the pharmacy profession. Because compounded medications do not have U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval, a pharmacist has the responsibility to ensure that compounded medications are of suitable quality, safety, and efficacy. The Federal Government and numerous states have updated their laws and regulations regarding pharmacy compounding as a result of recent quality issues. Compounding pharmacists are expected to follow good preparation prodecures in their compounding practices in much the same way pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to follow Current Good Manufacturing Procedures as detailed in the United States Code of Federal Regulations. Application of Quality by Design concepts to the preparation process for a compounded medication can help in understanding the potential pitfalls and the means to mitigate their impact. The goal is to build quality into the compounding process to ensure that the resultant compounded prescription meets the human or animal patients' requirements.

Calorimetric approach of lanthanides (3) complexation and extraction by malonamides; Approche calorimetrique de la complexation et de l'extraction des lanthanides (3) par les malonamides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flandin, J.L

2001-07-01

In the field of long lived radionuclides separation, diamides are interesting extractants because of their ability to co-extract trivalent lanthanides and actinides, which is a preliminary and essential step in high level radioactive waste reprocessing. The research carried out contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms and the aim is the determination of thermodynamics properties ({delta}{sub r}G, {delta}{sub r}H et {delta}{sub r}S) related to the complexation and the extraction of lanthanides(III) by malonamides. The first part of the document deals with the complexation of lanthanides(III) by an hydrosoluble diamide. The experimental results obtained by UV-visible spectrometry, TRLIF, NMR and microcalorimetric titration proved that lanthanides(III)-TEMA interactions in aqueous medium are very weak and that the complexation reaction is endothermic. The TEMA ligand still stays in the second coordination sphere of coordination of the lanthanide ion. The second part of this study focuses on the extraction of neodymium(III) nitrate by a lipophilic diamide which is an exothermic reaction. The influence of the composition of aqueous and organic phases on the thermodynamics properties {delta}{sub r}G et {delta}{sub r}H has been studied by microcalorimetric titration. The most influent parameter is the total concentration in extractant. As a consequence, thermodynamic values are very dependent on the organic phase organisation before and alter extraction. At the same time, this study showed the interest of the calorimetric approach for the analysis of basic reactions like diamide dilution and their organisation as oligomeric aggregates. (author)

Low temperature synthesis of {tau}-zirconium hydrogenophosphate [{tau}-Zr(HPO{sub 4}){sub 2}] and a new sodic form obtained by ion exchange

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandez-Valverde, Suilma M., E-mail: suilma.fernandez@inin.gob.mx [Depto. de Quimica, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, Mexico D.F. C.P. 11801 (Mexico); Contreras-Ramirez, Aida [Depto. de Quimica, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, Mexico D.F. C.P. 11801 (Mexico); Depto. de Tecnologia de Materiales, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, Mexico D.F. C.P. 11801 (Mexico); Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Piedras Blancas El Cerrillo, Tlachaloya Estado de Mexico, CP.5000 (Mexico); Ordonez-Regil, Eduardo [Depto. de Quimica, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, Mexico D.F. C.P. 11801 (Mexico); Fernandez-Garcia, M. Eufemia [Depto. de Tecnologia de Materiales, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, Mexico D.F. C.P. 11801 (Mexico); Perez-Alvarez, Mario [Depto. de Ambientales, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, Mexico D.F. C.P. 11801 (Mexico)

2013-02-15

A new method for the synthesis of 3-D {tau}-zirconium hydrogenophosphate (TZP) was developed using solid-state reactions at low temperature and atmospheric pressure in a nitrogen atmosphere in a two-hour reaction time. The characterization of the compound was performed using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetric, thermochemical analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A sodic form of the compound obtained by the immersion of TZP in a sodium hydroxide solution was characterized using the same techniques along with neutron activation analysis. The XPS spectra confirm the binding energy value for sodium-oxygen, and the XRD diffraction reveals the formation of a new sodium compound. - Graphical abstract: DRX, XPS and MEB of {tau}-zirconium hydrogenophosphate and its sodic form on the surface of TZP. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New method for the syntheses of 3-D {tau}-zirconium hydrogenophosphate (TZP). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A sodic form of the TZP was obtained by the immersion of TZP in a sodium hydroxide. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The sodium compound is only formed on the TZP surface.

Neurotoxicity of fragrance compounds: A review.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinkas, Adi; Gonçalves, Cinara Ludvig; Aschner, Michael

2017-10-01

Fragrance compounds are chemicals belonging to one of several families, which are used frequently and globally in cosmetics, household products, foods and beverages. A complete list of such compounds is rarely found on the ingredients-list of such products, as "fragrance mixtures" are defined as "trade secrets" and thus protected by law. While some information regarding the general toxicity of some of these compounds is available, their neurotoxicity is known to a lesser extent. Here, we discuss the prevalence and neurotoxicity of fragrance compounds belonging to the three most common groups: phthalates, synthetic musks and chemical sensitizers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mesoionic Compounds

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Organic Chemistry. Kamatak University,. Dharwad. Her research interests are synthesis, reactions and synthetic utility of sydnones. She is currently working on electrochemical and insecticidal/antifungal activities for some of these compounds. Keywords. Aromaticity, mesoionic hetero- cycles, sydnones, tandem re- actions.

EPR investigations on technetium compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abram, U.; Munze, R.; Kirmse, R.; Stach, J.

1986-01-01

Stimulated by the widespread use of the isotope /sup 99m/Tc in the field of nuclear medicine, there has been a substantial growth of interest in the chemistry of this man-made element. A particular need emerges for analytical methods allowing solution investigations of coordination compounds of technetium with low substance use. Considering these facts, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) appears to be a very suitable method because only very small amounts of the compounds are needed (lower than 1 mg). The resulting spectra give information regarding the valence state, symmetry and bonding properties of the compounds under study

Diazo compounds in the chemistry of fullerenes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuktarov, Airat R; Dzhemilev, Usein M

2010-01-01

Experimental and theoretical data on the reactions of different diazo compounds (diazomethane, its derivatives, cyclic diazo compounds and diazocarbonyl compounds) with fullerenes are summarized. The structures and stereochemistry of cycloadducts formed in these reactions are considered.