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Sample records for comportamiento sexual social

  1. Comportamientos sexuales y características personales según orientación sexual en adolescentes chilenos

    OpenAIRE

    González A, Electra; Molina G, Temístocles; San Martin V, Jimena

    2016-01-01

    Antecedentes: Los adolescentes y jóvenes lesbianas, gays y bisexuales (LGB) presentan desafíos adicionales en su desarrollo comparados con sus pares heterosexuales, lo cual los expone a altos niveles de estrés y angustia que pueden llevarlos a comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. Objetivo: Analizar los comportamientos sexuales y características personales según la orientación sexual en adolescentes consultantes en un centro de salud sexual y reproductiva. Método: Estudio transversal y analític...

  2. Actitudes y comportamiento sexual de riesgo de embarazo en jóvenes universitarios

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    Yubero, Marta; Larrañaga, Elisa; Yubero, Santiago

    2014-01-01

    Revista de psicologia da criança e do adolescente. - ISSN 1647-4120. - V. 4, n. 2 (2013). - p. 11-29. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el comportamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios, para conocer las variables que se asocian al comportamiento sexual de riesgo en esta población. Para ello, se ha realizado un cuestionario sobre las temáticas más relevantes en el ámbito del comportamiento sexual de riesgo de embarazo. El cuestionario ha sido completado por 262 estudiantes ...

  3. Comportamiento sexual de Alpaida veniliae (Araneae: Araneidae

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    Marco A. Benamú

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Estudios realizados en cultivos de soja transgénica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, revelaron que Alpaida veniliae es una de las especies más abundantes dentro del gremio de arañas orbiculares. Esta especie es un eficaz enemigo natural de las plagas de insectos de este cultivo. En el presente estudio se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y cuantitativo de la conducta sexual (cortejo, cópula y post-cópula de A. veniliae. Las arañas fueron recolectadas en cultivos de soja transgénica ubicados en Chivilcoy (35º01’ S - 60º06’ W, (Buenos Aires, Argentina y criadas en condiciones de laboratorio. A partir de la formación de 20 parejas (con hembras vírgenes, se observaron las unidades de comportamiento de machos y hembras, en términos de posturas y movimientos, incluyendo los detalles de su duración y frecuencia en todas las etapas del apareamiento. El cortejo exhibió el mayor número y la mayor duración de las unidades de comportamiento en ambos sexos. La secuencia de unidades fue 16 en el macho y nueve en la hembra, siendo la frecuencia de repeticiones de las unidades significativamente mayor en el macho. La cópula fue breve y el macho usó un solo palpo transfiriendo esperma a una sola espermateca de la hembra. Hubo dos unidades de comportamiento en el macho y una en la hembra. Durante la post-cópula el macho tuvo tres y la hembra dos unidades de comportamiento. La duración media de todo el comportamiento sexual fue 541.90±123.1 segundos para el macho y 338.20±74.1 segundos para la hembra. La hembra de A. veniliae sólo excepcionalmente aceptó una segunda cópula con el mismo u otro macho, lo que indica una monogamia estricta. En el 46% de las cópulas observadas la hembra canibalizó al macho al terminar la misma. Debido a que a partir de este momento dejan de producir feromonas sexuales, se vuelven no receptivas y provocan una reducción del cortejo del macho. El alto costo del cortejo del macho, incluyendo

  4. Comportamiento y prácticas sexuales de hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres en el Distrito Federal – Brasil

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    Maria Josenilda Gonçalves da SILVA et al

    2007-01-01

    Objectivo: Describir el comportamiento y las prácticas sexuales de hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres en el Distrito Federa. Metodología: Estudio transversal con una muestra de conveniencia de 465 hombres con más de 18 años de edad, con comportamiento homosexual, que frecuentaban locales de diversión gay. Fue utilizado un cuestionário estructurado, conteniendo preguntas sobre aspectos socioeconómicos, comportamentales, uso de sustancias tóxicas y violencia. Resultados: H...

  5. Conocimientos, actitudes y comportamiento sexual en un grupo de adolescentes chilenos

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    PÉREZ V, RUTH; CID AR, MARCELA; LEPE O, YAZNA; CARRASCO C, CAROLINA

    2004-01-01

    Introducción: La sexualidad es una de las mayores preocupaciones para el adolescente, su familia y la sociedad. Objetivo: Determinar conocimientos, actitudes y conducta sexuales en un grupo de adolescentes chilenos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo realizado en la Octava Región de Chile en el año 2003. Se seleccionó una muestra de 398 alumnos de liceos municipales. Se analizaron variables como comportamiento sexual, conocimientos y actitudes sobre sexualidad. Para el aná...

  6. Comportamiento sexual riesgoso en adolescentes y sus actitudes hacia individuos con VIH en la Parroquia 23 de Enero, Caracas, Venezuela Risky Sexual Behavior and Attitudes towards People with HIV of Adolescents from Parish 23 de Enero, Caracas, Venezuela

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    Rafael Antonio Broche Morera

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, desde enero de 2007 hasta enero de 2008, con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento sexual de riesgo en un grupo de adolescentes de la Parroquia 23 de Enero, del Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas, así como las actitudes desarrolladas por los mismos hacia individuos contagiados con VIH. El universo estuvo constituido por 1256 sujetos, de entre los que se seleccionó una muestra de 450 que se encuestaron anónimamente. Los resultados demuestran un predominio del comportamiento sexual riesgoso en el grupo de edades comprendido entre los 14 y los 17 años, y el estrato social bajo. Las prácticas sexuales presentaron una tendencia a las calificaciones negativas. Existe correspondencia entre la evaluación de las actitudes desarrolladas hacia las personas contagiadas con VIH y el comportamiento sexual individual de los adolescentes.From January 2007 to January 2008, we carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study to characterize the risky sexual behavior and attitudes towards people with HIV of adolescents from Parish 23 de Enero, Metropolitan District of Caracas. Out of a universe of 1 256 adolescents, we selected a random sample of 450 who were surveyed anonymously. Results showed the risky sexual behavior of the group of age 14 - 17. Sexual practices trended towards negative evaluations. There is a correspondence between the evaluation of attitudes towards people with HIV and the individual sexual behavior of the adolescents.

  7. La relación del autoconcepto y de los valores con la participación social y el comportamiento sexual de riesgo, en jóvenes universitarios chilenos

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    Vidal Pollarolo, Paulina

    2015-01-01

    Resumen Tesis doctoral: “La relación del autoconcepto y de los valores con la participación social y el comportamiento sexual de riesgo, en jóvenes universitarios chilenos” Tesista: Paulina Vidal Director de Tesis: Dr. Manuel Martí- Vilar 1.- Marco teórico: Se recogen los postulados acerca del autoconcepto, como aspecto modular de la identidad y su relación con los estilos de vida saludables. Se discuten los resultados sobre la influencia que tendría el género en el autoconcepto...

  8. Comportamiento sexual de Alpaida veniliae (Araneae: Araneidae Sexual behavior of Alpaida veniliae (Araneae: Araneidae

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    Marco A. Benamú

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Estudios realizados en cultivos de soja transgénica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, revelaron que Alpaida veniliae es una de las especies más abundantes dentro del gremio de arañas orbiculares. Esta especie es un eficaz enemigo natural de las plagas de insectos de este cultivo. En el presente estudio se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y cuantitativo de la conducta sexual (cortejo, cópula y post-cópula de A. veniliae. Las arañas fueron recolectadas en cultivos de soja transgénica ubicados en Chivilcoy (35º01’ S - 60º06’ W, (Buenos Aires, Argentina y criadas en condiciones de laboratorio. A partir de la formación de 20 parejas (con hembras vírgenes, se observaron las unidades de comportamiento de machos y hembras, en términos de posturas y movimientos, incluyendo los detalles de su duración y frecuencia en todas las etapas del apareamiento. El cortejo exhibió el mayor número y la mayor duración de las unidades de comportamiento en ambos sexos. La secuencia de unidades fue 16 en el macho y nueve en la hembra, siendo la frecuencia de repeticiones de las unidades significativamente mayor en el macho. La cópula fue breve y el macho usó un solo palpo transfiriendo esperma a una sola espermateca de la hembra. Hubo dos unidades de comportamiento en el macho y una en la hembra. Durante la post-cópula el macho tuvo tres y la hembra dos unidades de comportamiento. La duración media de todo el comportamiento sexual fue 541.90±123.1 segundos para el macho y 338.20±74.1 segundos para la hembra. La hembra de A. veniliae sólo excepcionalmente aceptó una segunda cópula con el mismo u otro macho, lo que indica una monogamia estricta. En el 46% de las cópulas observadas la hembra canibalizó al macho al terminar la misma. Debido a que a partir de este momento dejan de producir feromonas sexuales, se vuelven no receptivas y provocan una reducción del cortejo del macho. El alto costo del cortejo del macho, incluyendo

  9. Comportamientos sexuales en mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico VIH/SIDA en tres ciudades de Colombia 2011

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    Adriana Del Pilar Arcila-Rivera

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir los comportamientos sexuales en personas VIH positivas en tres ciudades de Colombia antes y después de conocer el diagnóstico e identificar cambios en estos comportamientos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, de corte trasversal, en el que participaron 85 individuos de tres ciudades colombianas, entrevistados durante el año 2011. Se cumplió con los parámetros éticos para investigaciones con personas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS 18.0. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar el comportamiento sexual antes y después de conocer el diagnóstico VIH positivo. el 23% de los entrevistados manifestó no haber iniciado actividades sexuales después del diagnóstico, el 62.5% empezó a usar el condón en todas sus relaciones sexuales. Las relaciones sexuales con personas VIH positivo aumentaron a un 35.4%. Las infecciones de transmisión sexual disminuyeron a un 12.3%. El consumo de alcohol previo al inicio de relaciones sexuales disminuyó a un 31.8%. Conclusiones: Se encontraron cambios en los comportamientos de riesgo de las personas después de recibir el diagnóstico; sin embargo, dichas modificaciones no son suficientes por tratarse de la trasmisión de una infección mortal y de elevados costos socioeconómicos.

  10. Efecto de la educación sexual sobre el comportamiento sexual de las adolescentes. Aplicación al caso colombiano

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    Bonilla López, María Fernanda

    2016-01-01

    Este trabajo analiza el efecto de la educación sexual sobre el comportamiento adolescente en Colombia, a través del estudio de los factores individuales y socioeconómicos asociados al riesgo de transitar al inicio de actividad sexual y el embarazo. Para esto se utiliza el análisis de un modelo de duración. Específicamente, se estima un modelo de riesgo proporcional. Los resultados muestran que las adolescentes expuestas a educación sexual, presentan menor riesgo en la transición hacía la acti...

  11. Influencia del servicio militar voluntario sobre el comportamiento sexual de una población de jóvenes

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    Moisés Apolaya-Segura

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar si el haber realizado el servicio militar voluntario (SMV se asocia al comportamiento sexual de una población de jóvenes. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio trasversal en civiles y personal que realizó el SMV ambos grupos ingresantes a la Escuela de Suboficiales de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú 2010, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario anónimo, autoaplicado, sobre conocimientos acerca de la trasmisión de VIH y comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. Resultados. Se evaluó 124 personas de sexo masculino, el 19,4% realizó el SMV y el 80,6% provenían de la vida civil. Se encontró que quienes realizaron el SMV tuvieron un mayor nivel de conocimientos sobre la trasmisión del VIH que los civiles (p=0,04. Los ingresantes que realizaron el SMV tuvieron mayor número de parejas ocasionales en los últimos 12 meses (p=0,04, hasta dos veces más que lo reportado por el personal civil. Los ingresantes con antecedente de SMV, informaron tres veces más consumo de alcohol previo a su ultima relación sexual, en comparación con los civiles (p=0,06. Pertenecer al SMV no resultó ser predictor de comportamiento sexual de riesgo de acuerdo a la definición de ONUSIDA. Conclusiones. El haber realizado el SMV se encontró asociado a tener un mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre la trasmisión del VIH; sin embargo, influiría en tener un mayor número de parejas ocasionales. No se encontró que el haber realizado el servicio militar fuese un factor asociado a comportamientos sexuales de riesgo

  12. Conocimientos sobre salud sexual y reproductiva y su relación con el comportamiento sexual de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo 2014

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    Ordoñez Sánchez, Joe Luis

    2017-01-01

    Establece los conocimientos sobre salud sexual y reproductiva y su relación con su comportamiento sexual de los estudiantes en las edades de 18 a 25 años de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo. Año 2014. Del mismo modo se identifica la relación de las determinantes, individuales, sociales, culturales, y emocionales. Estudio no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo. La población está conformada por 140 estudiantes de las escuelas de enfermería y obstetric...

  13. Determinación de sesgo de no respuesta en una encuesta probabilística de hogares de comportamiento sexual con personas del mismo género

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    Izazola-Licea José Antonio

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar y cuantificar el sesgo de no participación en una encuesta de comportamiento sexual masculino. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Una encuesta probabilística de hogares se llevó a cabo utilizando un marco muestral probabilístico (jurisdiccional en la ciudad de México, en 1992-1993. Se obtuvieron las variables demográficas para todos los hombres elegibles de los hogares seleccionados. La magnitud del sesgo de no participación se estimó utilizando el método Heckman, el cual utiliza dos ecuaciones, una para predecir la participación en la encuesta y la segunda para predecir la variable sustantiva de interés, en este caso, comportamiento sexual con otros hombres. RESULTADOS: De los 13 713 hombres elegibles en los hogares seleccionados en el marco, sólo 8 068 participaron brindando información completa a cuestionarios cara a cara (tasa de respuesta 59%; 173 hombres (2.1% señalaron comportamiento bisexual a lo largo de toda su vida, y 37 (0.4% informaron haber tenido parejas sexuales masculinas exclusivamente. La participación en la encuesta se predijo usando variables demográficas: 67% de las observaciones fueron correctamente predichas utilizando una regresión probit --82% de los participantes y 53% de los no participantes (seudo-r²=0.13--. El comportamiento sexual con otros hombres se predijo mediante variables que indicaban pertenecer a redes sociales de homosexuales o bisexuales, historia de infecciones transmitidas sexualmente, actitudes positivas hacia hombres homosexuales y bisexuales y falta de apoyo de familiares masculinos. En 97% de los casos se predijo correctamente utilizando el modelo probit (seudo-r²=0.14. La correlación entre estas dos ecuaciones no fue estadísticamente significativa. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados indican que los estimadores de prevalencia de comportamiento sexual con personas del mismo género en hombres de la ciudad de México no fueron sesgados por participación selectiva en la

  14. Características de comportamiento sexual en hombres de la Ciudad de México

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    Hernández-Girón Carlos

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar las principales características de comportamiento sexual en hombres de la Ciudad de México, incluyendo número de parejas sexuales, antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS y creencias acerca del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA. Material y métodos. Durante 1995 se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal, basado en un muestreo multietápico por conglomerados; se entrevistó a 1 377 hombres de 15 a 49 años de edad, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario estructurado. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se realizaron pruebas de significancia como t de Student y ji². Resultados. Entre los entrevistados la media de edad fue de 34.5 años (DE= 7.5 años, y la media de inicio de relaciones sexuales de 17.7 años (DE= 2.8 años. La proporción global de uso de condón durante la última relación sexual fue de 24.6%; de acuerdo con el tipo de pareja sexual femenina en el último año, 18.8% lo usaron con parejas regulares y 62.5% con múltiples parejas. El 2% refirió síntomas sugestivos de uretritis gonocócica. Finalmente 97.5% refirió saber qué significaba la palabra SIDA y conocer ciertas medidas protectoras contra la infección. Conclusiones. En este estudio se identificaron características de comportamiento sexual riesgoso para adquirir y transmitir alguna ETS, como tener múltiples parejas sexuales, no usar el condón y presentar antecedentes de ETS.

  15. Validación de un cuestionario para el estudio del comportamiento sexual, social y corporal, de adolescentes escolares Validity and reliability of an instrument for assessing the social, and corporal sexual behaviors among school adolescents

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    Alfredo Hidalgo-San Martín

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Validar un cuestionario autoadministrado de comportamientos sexuales, sociales y corporales para adolescentes por nivel escolar y género. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Instrumento de 26 preguntas construido según DeVellis, aplicado en un estudio longitudinal prospectivo, hecho en 1994 a 1 243 alumnos y alumnas de secundaria y preparatoria en Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Validez de constructo establecida por análisis factorial exploratorio y la confiabilidad por la prueba Alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Aparecen cinco factores en hombres usando valores propios (eigenvalue >1 y cinco en mujeres, forzando la mejor solución. Veinte factores explican entre 59.3 y 70.6% de varianza, con promedio de pesos factoriales de 0.63- 0.75, y con 13 factores diferentes. El promedio de Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.87-0.93 y en 16 factores hubo valores de Alpha de 0.71 o más. CONCLUSIONES: Cuestionario para poblaciones equivalentes con validez de constructo y confiabilidad interna aceptables.OBJECTIVE: To validate a self-administered questionnaire about social and corporal sexual behaviors among adolescents, by school level and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data collection instrument was constructed according to DeVellis and consisted of 26 items. It was used in a prospective longitudinal study conducted in 1994 in Guadalajara, Mexico, among 1243 secondary and high school students. The construct validity of the instrument was established using exploratory factorial analysis, and its reliability using the Cronbach's alpha test. RESULTS: Five factors were obtained in males and an equal number in women, using eigenvalues >1 and by forcing the best solution. The explained variance was 59.3-70.6%; the factorial weight average was 0.63-0.75, and 13 different factors were selected. The Cronbach's alpha mean was 0.87-0.93 and 16 factors had Cronbach's alpha over 0.70. CONCLUSIONS: The instrumen has an acceptable validity and reliability for studying the sexual

  16. Comportamiento Sexual de Varones Durante el Embarazo: Casos en la Ciudad de México

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    Sapién, José S; Córdoba, Diana I

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo fue reportar el comportamiento sexual de varones en el embarazo, sus experiencias y significaciones. Participaron 6 hombres de la Ciudad de México, de 23 a 35 años de edad, casados, con escolaridad y ocupación distintas. Fueron entrevistados sobre sus experiencias sexuales durante la gestación de su hijo. Cada varón constituyó un caso: suspensión del sexo preservando un embarazo difícil de obtener; interrupción del sexo para cuidar a la pareja embarazada y no lastimar al bebé; dis...

  17. Los roles y estereotipos de género en los comportamientos sexuales de jóvenes de Coahuila, México: aproximación desde la Teoría Fundamentada

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    Alicia Hernández Montaño

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Se identifican los roles y estereotipos de género y su impacto en los comportamientos sexuales de estudiantes universitarios. Se empleó la Teoría Fundamentada como método de interpretación, en particular los procesos de codificación abierta y axial. Para recolectar la información, se recurrió a una entrevista estructurada con preguntas generadoras: ¿cuáles son los comportamientos esperados en los hombres y las mujeres en sus encuentros sexuales? y ¿qué tan de acuerdo estás con estos comportamientos? Concluimos que el comportamiento sexual entre hombres y mujeres guarda diferencias en torno a la socialización de los géneros viajando entre la tradicionalidad de los roles y estereotipos y su transgresión.

  18. Comportamientos Sexuales de Adolescentes y Jóvenes de Sectores Populares del Municipio de Sincelejo, Sucre

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    Anaya Lazo, Leydys Isabel

    2010-01-01

    En esta investigación me propuse conocer los comportamientos sexuales de los y las adolescentes y jóvenes que viven en sectores populares del municipio de Sincelejo, - en la Comuna 1-, Departamento de Sucre. Logré un acercamiento a la población joven, al conocimiento y análisis de sus vivencias sexuales y situaciones de riesgo. El trabajo de campo fue realizado durante el año 2006 - 2007 periodo que me permitió considerar un universo de 2.300 adolescentes y jóvenes con una muestra de 210 p...

  19. RIESGO SEXUAL Y NIVEL DE POPULARIDAD EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DEL ECUADOR

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    Junes Robles

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La población joven es considerada vulnerable debido a que está expuesta a factores y conductas de riesgo, como el consumo de alcohol y los comportamientos sexuales. Por otra parte, la estructura y el entorno social en el que se desenvuelve puede generar comportamientos sexuales riesgosos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar los principales riesgos para conducta sexual en jóvenes y su relación con la popularidad en un entorno social universitario, en una muestra de 392estudiantesprovenientes de cantones rurales de la zona 5 de Ecuador. El instrumento de medición para la variable conductas sexuales de riesgo es la Escala de Autoeficacia para prevenir el SIDA SEA-27 y para la variablepopularidad se utiliza el Sociograma, con la aplicación del programa CivSoc. Los tres principales riesgos sexuales percibidos por los participantes son, el 64% mantener relaciones sexuales sin condón, el 34% ser infiel a la pareja y en tercer lugar, combinar el alcohol con relaciones sexuales. Existe una correlación entre el comportamiento sexual de riesgo y la popularidad e impopularidad, en el primer caso, el participante asume menos riesgos a diferencia del impopular que presenta mayor exposición a conducta sexual riesgosa.

  20. Determinación de sesgo de no respuesta en una encuesta probabilística de hogares de comportamiento sexual con personas del mismo género Assessment of non-response bias in a probability household survey of male same-gender sexual behavior

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    José Antonio Izazola-Licea

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar y cuantificar el sesgo de no participación en una encuesta de comportamiento sexual masculino. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Una encuesta probabilística de hogares se llevó a cabo utilizando un marco muestral probabilístico (jurisdiccional en la ciudad de México, en 1992-1993. Se obtuvieron las variables demográficas para todos los hombres elegibles de los hogares seleccionados. La magnitud del sesgo de no participación se estimó utilizando el método Heckman, el cual utiliza dos ecuaciones, una para predecir la participación en la encuesta y la segunda para predecir la variable sustantiva de interés, en este caso, comportamiento sexual con otros hombres. RESULTADOS: De los 13 713 hombres elegibles en los hogares seleccionados en el marco, sólo 8 068 participaron brindando información completa a cuestionarios cara a cara (tasa de respuesta 59%; 173 hombres (2.1% señalaron comportamiento bisexual a lo largo de toda su vida, y 37 (0.4% informaron haber tenido parejas sexuales masculinas exclusivamente. La participación en la encuesta se predijo usando variables demográficas: 67% de las observaciones fueron correctamente predichas utilizando una regresión probit --82% de los participantes y 53% de los no participantes (seudo-r²=0.13--. El comportamiento sexual con otros hombres se predijo mediante variables que indicaban pertenecer a redes sociales de homosexuales o bisexuales, historia de infecciones transmitidas sexualmente, actitudes positivas hacia hombres homosexuales y bisexuales y falta de apoyo de familiares masculinos. En 97% de los casos se predijo correctamente utilizando el modelo probit (seudo-r²=0.14. La correlación entre estas dos ecuaciones no fue estadísticamente significativa. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados indican que los estimadores de prevalencia de comportamiento sexual con personas del mismo género en hombres de la ciudad de México no fueron sesgados por participación selectiva en la

  1. Comportamiento y prácticas sexuales de hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres en el Distrito Federal – Brasil

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    Maria Josenilda Gonçalves da SILVA et al

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available Objectivo: Describir el comportamiento y las prácticas sexuales de hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres en el Distrito Federa. Metodología: Estudio transversal con una muestra de conveniencia de 465 hombres con más de 18 años de edad, con comportamiento homosexual, que frecuentaban locales de diversión gay. Fue utilizado un cuestionário estructurado, conteniendo preguntas sobre aspectos socioeconómicos, comportamentales, uso de sustancias tóxicas y violencia. Resultados: Hay una diferencia del predominio de prácticas del sexo seguro y la práctica del sexo oral y anal; la edad más joven es un factor con influencia significativa estadisticamente para el predominio mayor de la práctica del sexo seguro; los tipos de compañeros fijos u ocasionales también influenciam sobre el predominio del uso del condón. Discussión: De acuerdo con otros estudios realizados en capitales brasileñas, hay una variación decreciente de proteción de acuerdo con la edad de los hombres y menor proteción con compañeros fijos; también hay una propensión de subestimar el riesgo de la práctica sexual cuando no hay eyaculación. Estos son algunos puntos que pueden ser enfatizados en abordajens preventivas en salud pública. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidencian que las características de la epidemia del Sida y su dinámica ponen para los servicios de salud nuevos desafíos y la necesidad de um proceso permanente de acompañamiento y valoración de las acciones de prevención efectivamente dirigidas a los segmentos más vulnerables a la infección.

  2. Social phobia and sexual problems: A comparison of social phobic, sexually dysfunctional and normal individuals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Munoz, Valentina; Stravynski, Ariel

    2010-03-01

    This study sought to test the putative link between social phobia and sexual functioning. Three groups consisting of 106 social phobic, 164 sexually dysfunctional and 111 normal participants were assessed in terms of sexual functioning, social anxiety, social functioning and general psychopathology. Although social phobic men were less sexually active than normal men, they were as sexually satisfied. Social phobic women were alike their normal counterparts in all respects. Overall, social phobic individuals were not more prone to report sexual problems than normal individuals despite reporting the severest levels of social anxiety. Theoretically, our results are best understood as supporting an interpersonal conception of social phobia and a related socio-cultural perspective regarding sexual roles.

  3. Comportamientos relacionados con la salud en estudiantes de secundaria

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    Seil Lamadrid Núñez

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available ResumenLos perfiles de morbimortalidad de un país se encuentran ligados a patrones de comportamientos que pueden ser modificados, y que cualquier persona puede adoptar conductas saludables para contribuir a su bienestar. Aunque sea difícil encontrar cualquier cosa que no tendría ningún impacto en salud, en el repertorio de la conducta humana hay algunos hábitos considerados como factores de riesgo. En esta revisión se han considerado el consumo legal e ilegal de sustancias, las relaciones sexuales y la orientación sexual debido al impacto de estos patrones en salud en los adolescentes. Es bien sabido que los grupos sociales, las presiones académicas, la falta de educacion, entre otros aspectos, han determinado en gran medida la adopción de conductas o estilos de vida que no son saludables. Para todos los comportamientos de riesgo las estrategias de promoción y prevención son necesarias y por ello debe vincularse además de la escuela, la familia, los compañeros de los adolescentes, y el entorno socio cultural en el que estos se desenvuelven, el papel de los medios masivos de comunicación por la trascendental influencia que ejercen sobre la comunidad deben ser tenidos muy en cuenta a la hora de promover comportamientos saludables. (Duazary 2009-II 165-169AbstractThe profiles of morbidity and mortality in a country are linked to patterns of behavior that can be modified, and that anyone can adopt healthy behaviors to contribute to their welfare. Although it is hard to find anything that would have no impact on health, into the repertoire of human behavior there are some habits considered as risk factors. in this review have been taken into account the consumption of legal and illegal substances, sexual and sexuality orientation due to the impact of these patterns in adolescent health. It is well known that social groups, academic pressures, lack of education, among others, have largely determined the adoption of behaviors or

  4. La infección por el virus del papiloma humano, un posible marcador biológico de comportamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios

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    Sánchez-Alemán Miguel A

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH en estudiantes universitarios y utilizar dicha frecuencia como un marcador biológico para evaluar el comportamiento sexual. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, en estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, México, durante el periodo 2000-2001. Se aplicó un cuestionario y se colectaron muestras genitales para detectar ADN de los VPH oncogénicos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando pruebas de Ji cuadrada y razones de momios. Resultados. La prevalencia global del VPH en 194 estudiantes fue de 14.4%. Las mujeres con dos o más parejas sexuales durante el último año presentaron mayor riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 6.0 IC 1.7-21.1, al igual que las que utilizaron anticonceptivos hormonales y espermicidas en su última relación sexual (RM 3.0 IC 1.0-8.7. Los hombres que consumieron cocaína tuvieron más riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 7.6 IC 1.3-45.1. Conclusiones. La prevalencia del VPH es relativamente alta. La utilización del VPH como un marcador biológico de comportamientos sexuales en mujeres es pertinente; en hombres, es necesario ampliar la muestra.

  5. Un estudio sobre los comportamientos adictivos y sexuales del alumnado universitario del campus de Ourense

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz, L.; Faílde, J.M.; Lago, R.; Santos, G.; Lameiras, M.; Rodríguez, Y.

    2017-01-01

    Introducción: El presente trabajo de investigación trata de evaluar el impacto del Programa Campus da Auga ConVida sobre los comportamientos adictivos y sexuales del alumnado universitario del Campus de Ourense. Material y método: Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre las respuestas que había dado dicho alumnado durante la evaluación inicial (fase test), realizada en su primer curso académico (2011-12) y su evolución tres años más tarde (fase retest, realizada en el 2014-15), a punto ya de...

  6. Características de comportamiento sexual en hombres de la Ciudad de México Characteristics of sexual behavior in the male population from Mexico City

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    Carlos Hernández-Girón

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar las principales características de comportamiento sexual en hombres de la Ciudad de México, incluyendo número de parejas sexuales, antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS y creencias acerca del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA. Material y métodos. Durante 1995 se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal, basado en un muestreo multietápico por conglomerados; se entrevistó a 1 377 hombres de 15 a 49 años de edad, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario estructurado. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se realizaron pruebas de significancia como t de Student y ji². Resultados. Entre los entrevistados la media de edad fue de 34.5 años (DE= 7.5 años, y la media de inicio de relaciones sexuales de 17.7 años (DE= 2.8 años. La proporción global de uso de condón durante la última relación sexual fue de 24.6%; de acuerdo con el tipo de pareja sexual femenina en el último año, 18.8% lo usaron con parejas regulares y 62.5% con múltiples parejas. El 2% refirió síntomas sugestivos de uretritis gonocócica. Finalmente 97.5% refirió saber qué significaba la palabra SIDA y conocer ciertas medidas protectoras contra la infección. Conclusiones. En este estudio se identificaron características de comportamiento sexual riesgoso para adquirir y transmitir alguna ETS, como tener múltiples parejas sexuales, no usar el condón y presentar antecedentes de ETS.Objective. To determine the major features of sexual behavior in men from Mexico City, such as the number of sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD and beliefs on AIDS. Material and methods. A transversal epidemiologic study was conducted in 1995 based on multistage sampling with conglomerates. A total of 1 377 males from 15 to 49 years of age was interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. Statistics such as Student's test and chi² were applied to determine significance. Results. Subject

  7. Perfil del comportamiento sexual en adolescentes mexicanos de 12 a 19 años de edad: resultados de la ENSA 2000

    OpenAIRE

    González-Garza, Carlos; Rojas-Martínez, Rosalba; Hernández-Serrato, María I; Olaiz-Fernández, Gustavo

    2005-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Describir las características del comportamiento sexual de los adolescentes mexicanos, su grado de conocimiento sobre anticoncepción, las variables que se relacionan con la utilización de anticonceptivos en la primera relación sexual y las que se asocian con el embarazo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la base de datos de adolescentes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000, realizada en septiembre de 1999 a marzo de 2000, la cual tuvo un diseño complejo al ser probabilístico, polietáp...

  8. Las Redes Sociales en el Marketing Digital: el comportamiento de Samsung Mobile

    OpenAIRE

    García Mondelo, Raquel María

    2013-01-01

    Se analiza el comportamiento de Samsung a través de las redes sociales y cómo esto afecta a los usuarios. La información que recogen estas plataformas sobre la marca y cómo lo hacen será una de las acciones más importantes para reunir los datos necesarios sobre Samsung

  9. Percepciones sobre comportamientos sexuales de riesgo en personas que viven con VIH/SIDA y reciben tratamiento antirretroviral en Piura, Perú Risk sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Piura, Peru

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    José P. Juarez-Vílchez

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Explorar y describir experiencias y motivaciones de las personas que viven con VIH (PVVS y reciben tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA, para tener comportamientos sexuales de riesgo para transmisión del VIH, en dos hospitales públicos de Piura. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales en 40 PVVS, de 15 a 39 años de edad, cuyo análisis se realizó bajo el enfoque de la "teoría fundamentada", se realizó un análisis por categorías, se usó el software ATLAS.Ti Versión 5.0. Resultados. Las PVVS que reciben TARGA tienen comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. Esto concuerda con estudios cuantitativos-epidemiológicos que afirman que el inicio de la era TARGA está relacionada con continuación o incremento de comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. Conclusiones. Las PVVS al recibir antirretrovirales y mejorar el estado de su salud, mantienen comportamientos sexuales de riesgo que podrían facilitar la transmisión del virus a sus parejas serodiscordantes e incrementar el número de casos con esta infección. Hasta el momento, las actividades de prevención se han dirigido mayormente hacia personas que se supone no están infectadas, no obstante, se requiere también de un trabajo intenso de prevención secundaria, que incluya explícitamente el abordaje de la sexualidad en todas sus dimensiones.Objetive. To explore opinions and beliefs about risky sexual behavior and HIH transmission in tow hospital of Piura. Material y methods. Qualitative study based on extensive interviews and focus groups of people over 15 years old of age living with HIV. Interviews were recorded as audio, and then transcribed as text in MS Word. Information was analyzed with AtlasTi. Results. Results indicate that people living with HIV and receive antiretrovirals practice risky sexual behavior. Those results agree with quantitative-epidemiological studies establishing that TARGA era is

  10. Prácticas y comportamientos sexuales en estudiantes universitarios Sexual behaviors and Practices among university students

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    JUAN MANUEL OSPINA DÍAZ

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Desde 1995 se validaron estudios de tipo descriptivo, como necesidad de investigar previamente a las intervenciones educativas, dada la pluralidad cultural que descalifica modelos de aplicación universal en lo referente a la educación sexual. Objetivo: Describir prácticas y comportamientos sexuales en estudiantes universitarios de la UPTC de Tunja. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, muestreo secuencial, muestra de 764 estudiantes. En Epiinfo 2002® se estiman frecuencias, cruce de variables, porcentajes. Resultados: Edad promedio: 20,4 años; 56,7% mujeres; 82,8% clase media-baja; 79,7% católico o cristiano; para resolver intimidades, 11,4% confía en el padre, 33,5% en la madre; apenas 36,2% tiene 100% de certeza de evitar un embarazo no deseado y27%,de contraeruna ETS. 61,2% considera necesario incrementar sus conocimientos sexuales; 40,5% ha tenido al menos una laguna alcohólica; 30% ha tenido sexo no deseado, al menos una vez, bajo el efecto del alcohol. Razón global de fertilidad: 25,4%. 45,3% de embarazos termina en aborto provocado. Conclusiones: Problemas más relevantes: altas tasas de fecundidad, natalidad y aborto provocado, elevado consumo de alcohol.Introduction: Since 1995 we validated descriptive studies, as a need to research prior educational interventions, given the cultural plurality that disqualifies the application of universal models in as far as sexual education. Purpose: Describing practices and sexual behavior of university students of the UPTC, in the city of Tunja. Methods: transversal cut, sequential sampling study with a sample of 764 students. In the Epiinfo 2002® they estimated frequencies, cross variables, percentages. Results: Average age: 20,4 years; 56,7% females; 82,8% lower middle class; 79,7% catholic o Christian; when solving intimacy matters, 11,4% trust the father, 33,5% on the mother; only 36,2% have 100% certainty to avoidaundesiredpregnancy and 27% in contracting a STD. 61

  11. RELACIÓN ENTRE LAS HABILIDADES SOCIALES Y LAS ACTITUDES HACIA LA SEXUALIDAD EN ESTUDIANTES DEL 4TO Y 5TO DE SECUNDARIA DE LA I. E.JAVIER DE LUNA PIZARRO DE AREQUIPA – 2013

    OpenAIRE

    MEDINA CHALCO, MARÍA SOLEDAD

    2014-01-01

    HABILIDADES SOCIALES CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS HABILIDADES SOCIALES LA ADOLESCENCIA ETAPAS DEL DESARROLLO PSICOSOCIAL DEL ADOLESCENTE SIGNOS DE MADUREZ SEXUAL SEXO Y SEXUALIDAD EN LA ADOLESCENCIA SEXUALIDAD COMPORTAMIENTO SEXUAL FACTORES DE RIESGO SEXUAL

  12. Imagen de responsabilidad social: factores competitivos que influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor

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    Ma. Cristina Pacheco Ornelas

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Estudios señalan que el comportamiento responsable de una empresa ejerce una conexión consumidor-empresa que influye en sus relaciones de consumo. El propósito en este trabajo es evaluar si la imagen de responsabilidad social (iRs medida mediante los factores: ética, credibilidad, reputación y transparencia tiene efecto en el comportamiento del consumidor, tanto en la identificación consumidor-empresa (C-E como en la decisión de compra. El estudio empírico se realizó en una muestra de 195 consumidores de las ciudades de Guadalajara y Zapopan, Jalisco. Los datos se analizaron mediante modelos estructurales utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud logit. Los hallazgos revelan factores y componentes de la iRs que son muy significativos en la identificación C-E y en el comportamiento de decisión de compra, los cuales representan una guía de acciones con que distintos sectores de negocios pueden construir una sólida iRs que sea fuente de ventaja competitiva ante competidores globales

  13. Comportamientos conspicuos de Dendrobates truncatus (Cope, 1861 en cautiverio

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    DE LA OSSA, J., CONTRERAS-GUTIÉRREZ, J., CAMPILLO-CASTRO, J.

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo evaluó los despliegues de comportamientos más notorios que presenta Dendrobates truncatus (Cope, 1861 en cautiverio. Como comportamientos conspicuos por la frecuencia y duración de los mismos se tienen: refugio (39,9%, asoleado (22,8% y quietud (20,9%, despliegues caracterizados por inmovilidad. Se plantea que existe una fidelidad de sitio, que no tiene que ver con comportamiento sexual ni con defensa territorial, como sucede en medio natural, que se relaciona con las condiciones de hábitat y se demuestra que aspectos etológicos como refugio y quietud, que no se reportan de forma concisa para medio natural, son parte importante del repertorio conductual de esta especie bajo condiciones restrictivas de hábitat.

  14. Sexual function and behavior in social phobia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bodinger, Liron; Hermesh, Haggai; Aizenberg, Dov; Valevski, Avi; Marom, Sofi; Shiloh, Roni; Gothelf, Doron; Zemishlany, Zvi; Weizman, Abraham

    2002-10-01

    Social phobia is a type of performance and interpersonal anxiety disorder and as such may be associated with sexual dysfunction and avoidance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sexual function and behavior in patients with social phobia compared with mentally healthy subjects. Eighty subjects participated in the study: 40 consecutive, drug-free outpatients with social phobia (DSM-IV) attending an anxiety disorders clinic between November 1997 and April 1999 and 40 mentally normal controls. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale were used to quantitatively and qualitatively assess sexual function and behavior. Men with social phobia reported mainly moderate impairment in arousal, orgasm, sexual enjoyment, and subjective satisfaction domains. Women with social phobia reported severe impairment in desire, arousal, sexual activity, and subjective satisfaction. In addition, compared with controls, men with social phobia reported significantly more frequent paid sex (p social phobia reported a significant paucity of sexual partners (p social phobia exhibit a wide range of sexual dysfunctions. Men have mainly performance problems, and women have a more pervasive disorder. Patients of both genders show difficulties in sexual interaction. It is important that clinicians be aware of this aspect of social phobia and initiate open discussions of sexual problems with patients.

  15. Sexual behavior patterns and HIV risks in bisexual men compared to exclusively heterosexual and homosexual men Patrones de comportamiento sexual y de riesgo al VIH en hombres bisexuales comparados con hombres heterosexuales y homosexuales exclusivos

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    José Antonio Izazola-Licea

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To compare patterns of sexual behavior among bisexual, heterosexual and homosexual men. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A household probability survey was carried out in Mexico City in 1992-1993 using the national health surveys sampling frame. Information from 8 068 men was obtained; however, the main analysis of this paper refers only to men sexually active in the previous 5 years. RESULTS: Bisexuals reported more prevalent anal intercourse with women (16% vs. 3%, p=0.01, and more sexual encounters with female sex workers than exclusive heterosexuals (10% vs. 4%; p=0.04. Bisexuals used condoms more often with sex workers than did heterosexuals (p=0.01. Most of the bisexuals (79% did not engage in anal receptive or insertive intercourse with males in the previous year, practicing instead oral insertive sex or only masturbation; 35% of homosexuals did not report practicing anal sex. Bisexuals who engaged in anal intercourse had less anal receptive behavior than homosexuals (13% vs. 60%, pOBJETIVO: Comparar los patrones de comportamiento sexual entre hombres bisexuales, heterosexuales y homosexuales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una encuesta probabilística en hogares de la Ciudad de México en 1992-1993, utilizando el marco muestral de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud; se obtuvo información de 8 068 hombres entre 15 y 60 años de edad. El análisis principal de este trabajo se centra en hombres sexualmente activos en los cinco años previos a la encuesta. RESULTADOS: Los hombres bisexuales notificaron con mayor frecuencia relaciones sexuales anales con mujeres (16% vs. 3%, p=0.01, y mayor frecuencia de relaciones sexuales con trabajadoras sexuales que los heterosexuales exclusivos (10% vs. 4%, p=0.04. Los bisexuales usaron condones más frecuentemente con trabajadoras sexuales que los heterosexuales (p=0.01. La mayoría de los bisexuales (79% no mantuvieron relaciones sexuales anales (receptivas o insertivas con otros hombres en el a

  16. Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario en Internet. De la blogosfera a las redes sociales

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    Mònika Jiménez Morales

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario irrumpieron en internet coincidiendo con el cambio de siglo. Lo que al principio no eran más que tímidos foros donde se intercambiaban trucos para adelgazar eludiendo la vigilancia de médicos y familiares, se convirtió con el paso del tiempo en páginas web estructuradas en las que se hacía apología de la anorexia y de la bulimia. Desde el momento en que la legislación europea prohibió esas manifestaciones virtuales, la exaltación de los desórdenes de la alimentación se disfraza de diario íntimo y se asoma a internet en forma de blog personal en el cual millones de personas -mayoritariamente adolescentes o incluso niños- pugnan por perder kilos en un tiempo récord, hablan de autolesiones que les permitan eli-minar grasa y, en definitiva, defienden los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario como una forma de vida.El presente artículo analiza cómo a menudo estos blogs son la puerta de entrada a redes sociales en las cuales sus usuarios ostentan jerarquías y desarrollan comportamientos claramente similares a los de ciertas tribus urbanas.

  17. Validación del cuestionario de auto-reporte de comportamiento antisocial en adolescentes: CACSA

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    Paula Alarcón Bañares

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available El estudio tiene por objetivo presentar la validación de un instrumento formulado racionalmente para evaluar, mediante auto-reporte, el comportamiento social en adolescentes chilenos (CACSA y describir el comportamiento social de dos grupos: adolescentes escolarizados (N=1914 y adolescentes infractores de ley (N=264. El cuestionario posee 56 ítemes que exploran tres dimensiones generales, a Comportamiento Prosocial (CPRO, b Comportamiento Antisocial Total (CAT; y c Víctima de Abuso de Poder (VAP; CAT contiene seis dimensiones específicas: Delitos (D, Transgresiones Contra la Propiedad (TPRO, Transgresiones Contra las Personas (TPER, Comportamiento Abusivo con Pares (CAP, Consumo de Alcohol y Drogas (OHD; y Transgresiones Sociales Leves (TSL. El estudio incluye también una escala de deseabilidad social y otra actitudinal. Los resultados revelan importantes fortalezas psicométricas del instrumento y capacidad de discriminación entre adolescentes escolarizados e infractores de ley. Se discute la importancia de reconocer por auto-reporte la prevalencia de comportamientos antisociales y la relación entre conductas prosociales y antisociales en adolescentes chilenos.

  18. Comportamiento sexual y uso del preservativo en adolescentes y jóvenes de un área de salud Sexual relation and the use of condom in adolescents and young people from a health area

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    René G. García Roche

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available Las infecciones de transmisión sexual en general, y de manera especial, el VIH/SIDA en los adolescentes y jóvenes constituyen un serio problema de salud y el riesgo de padecerlas está muy relacionado con el comportamiento sexual y las formas de protegerse, entre otros factores. Esto motivó el estudio para identificar los comportamientos sexuales y el uso del preservativo como medio de protección hacia estas enfermedades, como etapa previa a un estudio de intervención. La muestra la integraron 100 adolescentes y jóvenes de un área de salud del municipio Centro Habana. Para dar salida a los objetivos se confeccionó un cuestionario autoaplicado. Los principales resultados fueron: el 61 % de los encuestados tenía vida sexual activa, el inicio de las relaciones ocurrió en un 44 % en las edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 19 años, y en el 55 %, antes de los 20. El preservativo no se usó nunca en el 30 % de las encuestadas y ocasionalmente en un 49 %. Las principales causas argumentadas para no usarlo fueron expresar que resultaba incómodo y que no le gustaba a su pareja.The sexually transmitted infections in general and, specially, HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young individuals, are a serious health problem. The risk for suffering from them is very related to sexual behavior and the ways to protect oneself, among other factors. This led us to conduct the study to identify the sexual behavior and the use of condom as a means of protection from these diseases, and as a previous stage to an intervention study. The sample was composed of 100 adolescents and young people from a health area of Centro Habana municipality. A self-applied questionnaire was designed. The main results were as follows: 61 % of the surveyed had an active sexual life, the initiation of sexual relations occurred between 15 and 19 years old in 44 %, and before 20 years old in 55 %.Condom was never used in 30 % of the females surveyed, and ocassionally in 49 %. The

  19. Perfil del comportamiento sexual en adolescentes mexicanos de 12 a 19 años de edad: resultados de la ENSA 2000 Profile of sexual behavior in 12 to 19 year-old Mexican adolescents: results of ENSA 2000

    OpenAIRE

    Carlos González-Garza; Rosalba Rojas-Martínez; María I Hernández-Serrato; Gustavo Olaiz-Fernández

    2005-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Describir las características del comportamiento sexual de los adolescentes mexicanos, su grado de conocimiento sobre anticoncepción, las variables que se relacionan con la utilización de anticonceptivos en la primera relación sexual y las que se asocian con el embarazo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la base de datos de adolescentes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000, realizada en septiembre de 1999 a marzo de 2000, la cual tuvo un diseño complejo al ser probabilístico, polietáp...

  20. LAS INSTITUCIONES Y SU INCIDENCIA EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO ORGANIZACIONAL

    OpenAIRE

    María Roselia Aira

    2016-01-01

    Esta investigación se centra en establecer la influencia de las instituciones sociales en el comportamiento organizacional. En su desarrollo se recurrió a una estrategia metodológica de tipo descriptiva y documental. Se abordan las conceptualizaciones de institución, organización y comportamiento organizacional, relacionándolos para verificar su incidencia en el estudio. Se concluye que el comportamiento organizacional es vital en las organizaciones para canalizar el entendimiento y control d...

  1. Heterogeneidad en la expresión del comercio sexual femenino en la Ciudad de México Heterogeneity in the expression of female sexual commerce in Mexico City

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Uribe-Salas

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la relación entre características indagadas en el nivel individual de mujeres trabajadoras sexuales (MTS con el tipo de sitio en que trabajan. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se construyó un marco muestral de sitios (bares, estéticas y puntos de calle en la Delegación Cuauhtémoc de la Ciudad de México. Durante 1993, fueron seleccionadas MTS que contestaron un cuestionario sobre características socioeconómicas, demográficas y de comportamiento sexual, y proporcionaron una muestra de sangre para la evaluación de la seroprevalencia del virus herpes simplex tipo 2 (VHS-2 mediante la prueba de Western blot. RESULTADOS: Características de las mujeres como edad, escolaridad, índice de nivel socioeconómico, indicadores de comportamiento sexual y seroprevalencia del VHS-2, estuvieron relacionados con el sitio de trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: Diferentes características socioeconómicas y de comportamiento sexual, medidas en el nivel individual de las mujeres estudiadas, estuvieron significativamente relacionadas con procesos sociales como el de la organización del sexo comercial femenino en la Ciudad de México. Esta organización no es homogénea, sino que toma diferentes expresiones según sitios de trabajo.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationships among the socioeconomic, demographic, and sexual behavior characteristics of commercial sexual workers (CSW and their work site. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sampling frame was constructed in the Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México City, which included massage parlors, bars, and street points. During 1993, women were selected who answered a questionnaire that inquired about socio-economic and demographic characteristics and sexual behavior, and who gave a blood sample for evaluating the seroprevalence of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2, which was evaluated using a Western blot test. RESULTS: Characteristics such as age, education, socio-economic level, sexual behavior, and seroprevalence

  2. Sexual networks and social capital: multiple and concurrent sexual ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships (MCP) are prevalent in southern Africa and have been identified as a primary cause of high HIV prevalence in this region. Sexual liaisons with multiple partners serve to increase the size and diversity of an individual's sexual — and social — network and therefore to increase their ...

  3. Comportamientos relacionados con la salud en estudiantes de Santa Marta: comparación entre colegios públicos y privados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lauris Munive Gutierrez

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Hoy en día se sabe que los perfiles de morbilidad y mortalidad de un país se encuentran ligados a patrones de comportamientos que pueden ser modificados y que, por tanto, cualquier persona puede adoptar conductas saludables para contribuir a su propio bienestar. Por ello, los comportamientos relacionados con la salud han sido objeto de estudios en los últimos años. Esto aunado, a sus consecuencias sociales, económicas y de la salud, como son los embarazos no planeados, infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS, en especial el VIH-SIDA, lo cual ha hecho que se reconozca como un problema de salud pública. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue el de comparar los comportamientos relacionados con la salud de adolescentes escolarizados de colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad de Santa Marta. Se utilizó un diseño de tipo transversal, con 2039 mujeres y 1536 varones, con una edad promedio de 17.5 años. Se concluye que existen diferencias en los comportamientos relacionados con la salud en estudiantes de colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad, siendo los estudiantes de colegios públicos, independiente del género, quienes presentan mayores comportamientos de riesgo para la salud. (DUAZARY 2011, 58 - 65AbstractToday it is known that morbidity and mortality profile of a country are linked to patterns of behavior that can be modified and that therefore, anyone can adopt healthy behaviors to contribute to their own welfare. Thus, behaviors related to health have been studied in recent years. This coupled, their social, economic and health, such as unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs including HIV / AIDS, which has led to recognized as a public health problem. The objective of this research was to compare health-related behaviors of adolescent students in schools public and private in the city of Santa Marta. We used a cross-sectional design with 2039 women and 1536 men with an average age of 17

  4. Concepciones y comportamiento sexual en un grupo de adolescentes atendidos por el médico de la familia*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo García Roldán

    1997-04-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron 89 adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años de edad del consultorio "Los Carritos" del Policlínico Docente "Ramiro Betancourt" de Palma Soriano, con el propósito de indagar acerca de sus concepciones y comportamiento en la esfera sexual. Entre los principales hallazgos figuran que las primeras manifestaciones de actividad sexual en hembras y varones aparecieron en mayor proporción en edades anteriores a la maduración sexual; en la selección de la pareja primaron los criterios morales y aquéllos que respondieron a sus gustos, aunque existió un grupo significativo en el que se constató superficialidad en su elección; las prácticas sexuales más realizadas en el sexo masculino fueron la masturbación y el intercambio de besos y caricias y en el femenino, esta última y las manipulaciónes recíprocas en las zonas más excitables del cuerpo. Resultó interesante el hecho de que estos adolescentes tuvieran un nivel bajo de conocimiento relacionado con las enfermedades de transmisión sexual y su prevención, así como de los métodos anticonceptivos y su utilización.89 adolescents between 10 and 19 years from "Los Carritos" family physician's office of the "Ramiro Betancourt" Teaching Polyclinic, in Palma Soriano, were studied aimed at knowing about their conceptions and behavior in the sexual sphere. Among the main findings it is the fact that the first manifestations of sexual activities in females and males appeared mostly at ages previous to sexual maturity. The moral criteria and likes predominated at the time of selecting a date. The most used sexual practices in the male sex were masturbation and the exchange of kisses and caresses. This latter and the reciprocal manipulations in the most excitable zones of the body were the most common among females. It was interesting to observe that these adolescents had a poor knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, as well as of the contraceptive methods and their

  5. Social preferences based on sexual attractiveness

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brask, Josefine Bohr; Croft, Darren P.; Thompson, Katharine

    2012-01-01

    influencing the decision-making of males to their advantage. We tested this hypothesis in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a species with high levels of male sexual harassment. First, we confirmed that non-receptive females were harassed less when they were paired with a more sexually attractive...... with females that are more sexually attractive than themselves and that they perform active partner choices based on this relative attractiveness. We propose that this strategy is likely to represent an important pathway by which females can construct social niches that influence the decision-making of others......Male sexual harassment of females is common across sexually reproducing species and can result in fitness costs to females. We hypothesized that females can reduce unwanted male attention by constructing a social niche where their female associates are more sexually attractive than themselves, thus...

  6. Hispanic perspectives on sexual harassment and social support.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cortina, Lilia M

    2004-05-01

    Bridging the social support, sexual victimization, and cultural psychology literatures, this study examines social-support processes in the context of sexual harassment and Hispanic American culture. Surveys were administered to a community sample of Hispanic American working women, 249 of whom described some encounter with sexual harassment at work. Regression results provided mixed backing for hypotheses about support-seeking behavior, which appeared largely dependent on the social power of the harassment perpetrator. Additional findings upheld predictions about support-perception patterns; harassed women perceived more supportive social reactions when they turned to informal networks of friends and family, but responses were less positive when they turned to formal, organizational sources. Finally, as expected, perceived support and acculturation interacted to moderate relations between sexual harassment and job satisfaction. The article concludes with implications for research and interventions related to social support and sexual harassment.

  7. Social implications of the battle of the sexes: sexual harassment disrupts female sociality and social recognition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Darden, Safi K; James, Richard; Ramnarine, Indar W; Croft, Darren P

    2009-07-22

    Across sexually reproducing species, males and females are in conflict over the control of reproduction. At the heart of this conflict in a number of taxa is male harassment of females for mating opportunities and female strategies to avoid this harassment. One neglected consequence that may result from sexual harassment is the disruption of important social associations. Here, we experimentally manipulate the degree of sexual harassment that wild female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) experience by establishing replicated, semi-natural pools with different population sex ratios. We quantify the effects of sexual harassment on female social structure and the development of social recognition among females. When exposed to sexual harassment, we found that females had more disparate social networks with limited repeated interactions when compared to females that did not experience male harassment. Furthermore, females that did not experience harassment developed social recognition with familiar individuals over an 8-day period, whereas females that experienced harassment did not, an effect we suggest is due to disruption of association patterns. These results show that social network structure and social recognition can be affected by sexual harassment, an effect that will be relevant across taxonomic groups and that we predict will have fitness consequences for females.

  8. Women's sexuality: from aging to social representations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ringa, Virginie; Diter, Kevin; Laborde, Caroline; Bajos, Nathalie

    2013-10-01

    Studies designed in northern countries show that most women are still sexually active after the age of 50. Many factors other than hormones influence sexual life in and after middle age; they include social status, personal characteristics, physical and psychological conditions, relationship factors, and social representations of sexuality. This study aims to analyze various components of sexuality, including its social representations, among women aged 45-55 years, as they reach menopause. Comparison of three groups: all postmenopausal women (277), postmenopausal women not currently using hormonal treatment (HT) (209), postmenopausal women currently using HT (68), with a reference group of premenopausal women (408). All were recruited in a national general population-based survey of sexual behaviors and interviewed by telephone. Practices, sexual function, satisfaction, and representations and expectations concerning sexuality. The women did not differ according to menopausal status for sexual activity, practices (wide range of practices beyond sexual intercourse), dysfunction, or satisfaction. They also attributed equal importance to sexuality. Nevertheless, although postmenopausal women not using HT did not report less sexual activity than premenopausal women, they were less likely to consider that a 3-month period without sex is a sign of difficulty in a relationship (30.3% vs. 47.7%; odds ratio: 0.35 [0.21-0.57], P=0.000). This difference was not observed between postmenopausal women using HT and premenopausal women. Our results suggest that for middle-aged women who are at the onset of menopause, the biological/hormonal changes characterizing menopause do not negatively affect sexual life. Any negative reported effects on sexuality are more likely due to anticipation or negative representations of sexuality around menopause than to biological or hormonal effects. The effect of menopause at this point in women's lives may thus be more symbolic than biological

  9. Sexual minority youth victimization and social support: the intersection of sexuality, gender, race, and victimization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Button, Deeanna M; O'Connell, Daniel J; Gealt, Roberta

    2012-01-01

    In comparison to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth are more likely to experience victimization. Multiple studies have connected anti-gay prejudice and anti-gay victimization to negative outcomes. Research shows that social support may protect sexual minorities from the harmful effects of anti-gay victimization. However, rates of victimization and the negative outcomes linked to sexual identity within the sexual minority community have been relatively unexplored. Using data from three years of statewide data from heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents in grades 9-12, this study examines victimization, substance use, suicidality, and access to social support by sexuality. Results indicate that sexual minority youth are at increased risk for victimization, substance use, suicidality, and social isolation compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Results also indicate that there is very little bivariate difference within the sexual minority community. Multivariate results indicate differences among sexual minorities' experiences with victimization and substance use.

  10. Accounting for the social triggers of sexual compulsivity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parsons, Jeffrey T; Kelly, Brian C; Bimbi, David S; Muench, Frederick; Morgenstern, Jon

    2007-01-01

    To examine the social triggers of sexual compulsivity amongst a diverse sample of gay and bisexual men. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 180 gay and bisexual men in the United States who self-identified that their sex lives were spinning out of control. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to explore the range of social triggers that were driving sexual compulsions. An open-ended interview and a structured clinical interview were conducted with each participant. The interviews examined their experiences with sexual compulsivity over time and the impact of their problematic sexual behaviors on their lives. Two types of social triggers emerged from the data: event-centered triggers and contextual triggers. Event-centered triggers arise from sudden, unforeseen events. Two major event-centered triggers were identified: relationship turmoil and catastrophes. Contextual triggers, on the other hand, have a certain element of predictability, and included such things as location, people, the use of drugs, and pornography. This framework of triggers has clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of sexual compulsivity. Clinicians can utilize the framework of social triggers in the therapeutic process to provide insight into ways to effectively work through symptoms of sexual compulsivity. Awareness of the contextual aspects of sexual compulsivity may be critical to understanding the behaviors of sexually compulsive clients. Thus, therapeutic assessments should focus upon the social context in addition to the psychological components of the disorder.

  11. LAS INSTITUCIONES Y SU INCIDENCIA EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO ORGANIZACIONAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Roselia Aira

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación se centra en establecer la influencia de las instituciones sociales en el comportamiento organizacional. En su desarrollo se recurrió a una estrategia metodológica de tipo descriptiva y documental. Se abordan las conceptualizaciones de institución, organización y comportamiento organizacional, relacionándolos para verificar su incidencia en el estudio. Se concluye que el comportamiento organizacional es vital en las organizaciones para canalizar el entendimiento y control de las conductas laborales, enrumbándolas hacia la armonización de las relaciones y los esfuerzos para el logro de los objetivos organizacionales; bajo el amparo de las instituciones vigentes.

  12. Social determinants and sexually transmitted disease disparities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hogben, Matthew; Leichliter, Jami S

    2008-12-01

    Social determinants of health play an important role in sexually transmitted disease (STD) transmission and acquisition; consequently, racial and ethnic disparities among social determinants are influences upon disparities in STD rates. In this narrative review, we outline a general model showing the relationship between social determinants and STD outcomes, mediated by epidemiologic context. We then review 4 specific social determinants relevant to STD disparities: segregation, health care, socioeconomics and correctional experiences, followed by 2 facets of the resultant epidemiologic context: core areas and sexual networks. This review shows that disparities exist among the social determinants and that they are related to each other, as well as to core areas, sexual networks, and STD rates. Finally, we discuss the implications of our review for STD prevention and control with particular attention to STD program collaboration and service integration.

  13. Comportamiento sexual de protección en adolescentes: un enfoque desde la psicología positiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Manuel Guerrero Alcedo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Sexual behavior protection in teenagers: a positive psychology approach Abstract Nowadays, sexual behavior in teenagers continues being a topic of study for numerous researches, due to the biological, psychological and social repercussions they cause, turning into a problem of public health worldwide and specially in Venezuela. This segment of population is considered to be a vulnerable group due to their own changes at this growing stage, if these changes are not treated adequately teenagers can go through high-risk sexual practices, jeopardizing their own and others’ health. For long, researches focusing on this problem, have addressed a risk approach, intended to prevent pathologies, tossing aside the strengthening of potentials and skills of a person as a mechanism to promote health. Therefore a movement emerges in psychology field: Positive Psychology, which manages to rescue another forgotten opposite side, that is to say, the increase of the potentials, resources, well-being, qualities and positive aspects, and the capacity of overcoming adversities, which up today, they are slightly studied by the risk approach perspective. Studies indicate that protection factors take place to assist teenagers to carry out protection sexual behaviors like sexual resilience, confronting styles, familiar communication, autoefficiency, self esteem and social support. All these qualities and positive aspects seem to be the most convincing reasons to promote sexual healthy behaviors among teenagers and to implement educational programs oriented towards strengthening sexual practices and greater accountability.

  14. Comportamiento sexual de protección en adolescentes: un enfoque desde la psicología positiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Manuel Guerrero Alcedo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Sexual behavior protection in teenagers: a positive psychology approach Nowadays, sexual behavior in teenagers continues being a topic of study for numerous researches, due to the biological, psychological and social repercussions they cause, turning into a problem of public health worldwide and specially in Venezuela. This segment of population is considered to be a vulnerable group due to their own changes at this growing stage, if these changes are not treated adequately teenagers can go through high-risk sexual practices, jeopardizing their own and others’ health. For long, researches focusing on this problem, have addressed a risk approach, intended to prevent pathologies, tossing aside the strengthening of potentials and skills of a person as a mechanism to promote health. Therefore a movement emerges in psychology field: Positive Psychology, which manages to rescue another forgotten opposite side, that is to say, the increase of the potentials, resources, well-being, qualities and positive aspects, and the capacity of overcoming adversities, which up today, they are slightly studied by the risk approach perspective. Studies indicate that protection factors take place to assist teenagers to carry out protection sexual behaviors like sexual resilience, confronting styles, familiar communication, autoefficiency, self esteem and social support. All these qualities and positive aspects seem to be the most convincing reasons to promote sexual healthy behaviors among teenagers and to implement educational programs oriented towards strengthening sexual practices and greater accountability.

  15. GENÉTICA DEL COMPORTAMIENTO: ABEJAS, un ejemplo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guiomar Nates Parra

    2011-09-01

    funcionamiento celular y del desarrollo ha producido importantes avances en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo desde hace pocos años se despertó el interés por descubrir las bases moleculares del comportamiento y especialmente, el comportamiento social. Actualmente mediante técnicas basadas en la transcriptómica es posible medir los cambios en la expresión génica en el cerebro, relacionados con cambios en el comportamiento.

  16. The proliferation of sexual health: Diverse social problems and the legitimation of sexuality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Epstein, Steven; Mamo, Laura

    2017-09-01

    Especially since the 1990s, the term sexual health has flourished in professional, commercial, and lay domains. Yet the more the phrase has become visible, the greater the mutability in its meanings. These developments matter for an understanding of healthism-the idea that modern individuals are enjoined to recognize a moral obligation to maximize their health. Theorists of healthism have paid relatively little attention to sexuality and its frequent rendering as controversial, illegitimate, or stigmatizing. We argue that because pairing "sexual" with "health" serves to legitimize and sanitize sexuality, the framing of sexual issues as matters of sexual health is widely appealing across multiple social arenas, and this appeal helps to explain both the proliferation of the term and the diversification of its uses. Secondly, we argue that while the polysemy of sexual health might suggest that the phrase lacks a clear meaning, in another sense the term is quite meaningful: content analysis of journal articles, newspaper articles, and websites shows that the semantics of sexual health can be categorized into six social problem niches, within which sexuality and health are construed in distinctive ways. For each social problem framing, we identify the implied meanings of both sexuality and health, the "opposite" of sexual health, the institutional action plans, the individual injunctions, and the presumed ontologies of bodies and selves. By focusing on how the conjoining of "sexual" and "health" changes the meanings of both terms, our analysis adds nuance to discussions of healthism: it challenges a singular conception of healthism and points to the need for clearer consideration of its different forms. At the same time, we call attention to the significance of "sexual healthism" as a particular example of the "will to health" while also highlighting implications of characterizing sexual issues as matters of health. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Social organization and social ties: their effects on sexual harassment victimization in the workplace.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Snyder, Jamie A; Scherer, Heidi L; Fisher, Bonnie S

    2012-01-01

    Despite work organizations' attempts to reduce sexual harassment, it continues to be a salient issue for employers across all occupations. Extending social disorganization theory to the work environment, this study examines the relationship between workplace organization, social ties, and sexual harassment victimization. Survey responses to the 2002 and 2006 Quality of Working Life module from the General Social Survey by a sample of 3,530 adult men and women employees in the United States were used. Logistic regression models were estimated for men and women separately to estimate the effect of workplace characteristics on the risk of sexual harassment victimization. Employees who reported poor workplace relations between management and employees and lower coworker social ties were more likely to experience sexual harassment in their work environments. Specific workplace characteristics such as low productivity, poor time management, and inadequate administrative support were significantly related to increased sexual harassment risk. No significant gender differences were found across models suggesting that the predictors of sexual harassment are similar for men and women. This study demonstrates that workplace characteristics are related to sexual harassment risk in the workplace. Suggestions for sexual harassment prevention, including management and organizational strategies, are discussed.

  18. Las dimensiones de la responsabilidad social de las empresas como determinantes de las intenciones de comportamiento del consumidor

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Ruiz, Andrea; García de los Salmones Sánchez, María del Mar; Rodríguez del Bosque Rodríguez, Ignacio Alfredo

    2008-01-01

    RESUMEN: El presente trabajo analiza la influencia de tres dimensiones de responsabilidad social corporativa –legal, ética y filantrópica– en el comportamiento del consumidor, mediante su inclusión en un modelo clásico de lealtad. Para ello, se recogen medidas de la percepción de 781 consumidores sobre cuestiones éticas y sociales de las entidades del sector financiero en España, para ponerlas en relación con la valoración global del servicio, la satisfacción y el compone...

  19. Los roles de género y su papel en las actitudes y comportamientos afectivo-sexuales: un estudio sobre adolescentes salmantinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lidia Lobato Pérez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente estudio centramos nuestro interés en evaluar las actitudes, conocimientos y comportamientos de los adolescentes respecto a la sexualidad y sus prácticas, así como el impacto de variables como el género en estas valoraciones. Metodología. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo con una muestra de conveniencia de 141 estudiantes de Bachillerato o de módulos profesionales residentes en Salamanca, España. Dichos alumnos fueron evaluados mediante el Cuestionario para adolescentes sobre educación sexual. Resultados. Los datos indican que existe un amplio desconocimiento sobre temas básicos relacionados con el uso del preservativo o el embarazo. Se encuentran además claras relaciones entre el género y actitudes hacia la homosexualidad, la prostitución, la consideración de la sexualidad o la propia actividad sexual. Discusión. Es necesario llevar a cabo programas formativos que mejoren los conocimientos y fomenten actitudes y conductas positivas y saludables y respetuosas hacia la sexualidad propia y ajena.

  20. Comportamiento psicológico, social y familiar de la mujer sometida a mastectomía

    OpenAIRE

    Verdugo Sánchez, Adriana Elizabeth

    2007-01-01

    Determinar el comportamiento psicológico, social y familiar de la mujer sometida a mastectomía. Pregunta central: ¿Por qué para la mujer, la mama es tan fundamental? Se trabajó con las siguientes categorías: Noticia ante el diagnóstico de cáncer, mastectomía, impacto inmediato, conflictos tempranos, relaciones con la pareja, familia y entorno, respuestas a mediano plazo, visión de futuro. Material y Métodos: es un estudio cualitativo: fenomenológico y hermenéutico que utilizó el estudio ...

  1. Entre a modernidade e a tradição: a iniciação sexual de adolescentes piauienses universitárias Entre la modernidad y la tradición: la inicialización sexual de los adolescentes de las universidades de Piauí Between modernity and tradition: sexual initiation of university teens originally from Piauí

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Rosilene Cândido Moreira

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available A sexualidade, enquanto fenômeno que propicia momentos singulares de descobrimento de si e do outro, permite a realização de práticas permeadas por simbolizações adquiridas na adolescência. Por sofrer influência de fatores genéticos, sociais e culturais, o comportamento sexual adolescente é, por vezes, permeado por situações conflituosas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desvelar comportamentos sexuais de acadêmicas de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Piauí, bem como seus mecanismos de influência, e compreender os aspectos que envolvem a iniciação sexual, considerando os entraves desencadeados pela formação tradicional e aspirações modernizantes. Adotou-se o método etnográfico, aplicando-se entrevistas em profundidade a 12 estudantes, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2009. As entrevistas relevaram interseção entre comportamento sexual e cultura, permitindo visualizar o poder exercido pelos sistemas de representação social. É importante pontuar sobre a necessidade de mais olhares sobre o assunto por ser emergente nos diversos cenários do existir humano.La sexualidad, como el fenómeno que proporciona momentos singulares de descubrimiento de la propia persona y del otro, permite las prácticas permeadas por símbolos adquiridos en la adolescencia. Por sufrir influencia de factores genéticos, sociales y culturales, el comportamiento sexual adolescente es, muchas veces, permeado por situaciones llenas de conflictos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo descubrir comportamientos sexuales de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidade Federal do Estado do Piauí, así como sus mecanismos de influencia y comprender los aspectos que envuelven la iniciación sexual, considerando las barreras desencadenadas por la formación tradicional y por las aspiraciones de la modernización. Se adoptó el método etnográfico, aplicándose entrevistas con profundidad a doce estudiantes, en los meses de octubre y

  2. Political Socialization, Tolerance, and Sexual Identity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Avery, Patricia G.

    2002-01-01

    Key concepts in political socialization, tolerance, groups, rights and responsibilities can be used to understand the way in which young people struggle with sexual identity issues. Educators may promote greater tolerance for homosexuality among heterosexuals by situating sexual identity issues within a broader discussion of democratic principles.…

  3. La infección por el virus del papiloma humano, un posible marcador biológico de comportamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios Human papillomavirus infection is a possible biological marker of sexual behavior among university students

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel A Sánchez-Alemán

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH en estudiantes universitarios y utilizar dicha frecuencia como un marcador biológico para evaluar el comportamiento sexual. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, en estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, México, durante el periodo 2000-2001. Se aplicó un cuestionario y se colectaron muestras genitales para detectar ADN de los VPH oncogénicos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando pruebas de Ji cuadrada y razones de momios. Resultados. La prevalencia global del VPH en 194 estudiantes fue de 14.4%. Las mujeres con dos o más parejas sexuales durante el último año presentaron mayor riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 6.0 IC 1.7-21.1, al igual que las que utilizaron anticonceptivos hormonales y espermicidas en su última relación sexual (RM 3.0 IC 1.0-8.7. Los hombres que consumieron cocaína tuvieron más riesgo de infección por el VPH (RM 7.6 IC 1.3-45.1. Conclusiones. La prevalencia del VPH es relativamente alta. La utilización del VPH como un marcador biológico de comportamientos sexuales en mujeres es pertinente; en hombres, es necesario ampliar la muestra.Objective. To estimate the prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV among university students and to use it as a biological marker to assess sexual behavior. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2000 and 2001 among 194 students at Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Mexico. A data collection instrument was applied and genital samples were taken to detect oncogenic HPV DNA. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and odds ratios. Results. Overall HPV prevalence was 14.4%. Women who had had two or more sexual partners during the previous year showed a greater risk of HPV infection (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.7-21.1, as did women who had used oral contraceptives and spermicides at their latest intercourse (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1

  4. Prevalence of Pattern of Risky Behaviors for Reproductive and Sexual Health Among Middle- and High-School Students Prevalencia de patrón de comportamiento de riesgo para la salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes adolescentes Prevalência do padrão de comportamento de risco para a saúde sexual e reprodutiva em estudantes adolescentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adalberto Campo-Arias

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available This research aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with the pattern of risky behavior for reproductive and sexual health (PRBRSH among secondary education students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was done. The PRBRSH was defined as having had two or more out of four possible risky sexual practices across the lifetime. Logistic regression was calculated to control for confounding variables. In total, 804 students reported lifetime sexual intercourse. PRBRSH was reported by 36.1% of the sample. Illegal substance use (OR=11.4, alcohol drinking (OR=2.5, being a middle-school student (OR=1.7 and middle or high socioeconomic status (1.4 were associated with PRBRSH. Around one out of three adolescent students is at high risk for HIV infection or unwanted pregnancy. Safe sex practices need to be promoted in this population.El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la prevalencia y factores asociados al patrón de comportamiento de riesgo para la salud sexual y reproductiva (PCRSSR en estudiantes de secundaria de Santa Marta, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio transversal. Se definió como PCRSSR la suma de dos o más, de cuatro posibles, comportamientos sexuales de riesgo durante la vida. Se usó la regresión logística para controlar variables de confusión. Un grupo de 804 estudiantes informó haber tenido relaciones sexuales. El 36,1% mostró el estándar de comportamiento de riesgo para la salud sexual y reproductiva. Se relacionaron con el PCRSSR el consumo de una sustancia ilegal (OR=11,4, el consumo de alcohol (OR=2,5, el ser estudiante de educación media vocacional (OR=1,7 y el pertenecer al estrato socioeconómico medio o alto (1,4. Aproximadamente uno de cada tres estudiantes adolescentes presenta alto riesgo de ser infectado por el VIH o de sufrir un embarazo no planificado. Se recomienda promover prácticas sexuales seguras.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar a prevalência e alguns fatores

  5. Comportamiento de la hipoacusia neurosensorial en niños

    OpenAIRE

    Álvarez Amador, Héctor Eduardo; Vega Ulloa, Nuris; Castillo Toledo, Luis; Santana Álvarez, Jorge; Betancourt Camargo, María de los Ángeles; Miranda Ramos, María de los Ángeles

    2011-01-01

    Fundamento: la hipoacusia neurosensorial en el niño produce graves consecuencias en la adquisición del lenguaje, atributo importante para un aprendizaje y desempeño social adecuados. Objetivo: estudiar el comportamiento de la hipoacusia neurosensorial en niños en la provincia de Camagüey. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre el comportamiento de la hipoacusia neurosensorial en niños de la provincia de Camagüey en el período comprendido de enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2009. El unive...

  6. The Influence of Social Networking Photos on Social Norms and Sexual Health Behaviors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jordan, Alexander H.

    2013-01-01

    Abstract Two studies tested whether online social networking technologies influence health behavioral social norms, and in turn, personal health behavioral intentions. In Study 1, experimental participants browsed peers' Facebook photos on a college network with a low prevalence of sexually suggestive content. Participants estimated the percentage of their peers who have sex without condoms, and rated their own future intentions to use condoms. Experimental participants, compared to controls who did not view photos, estimated that a larger percentage of their peers use condoms, and indicated a greater intention to use condoms themselves in the future. In Study 2, participants were randomly assigned to view sexually suggestive or nonsexually suggestive Facebook photos, and responded to sexual risk behavioral questions. Compared to participants viewing nonsuggestive photos, those who viewed sexually suggestive Facebook photos estimated that a larger percentage of their peers have unprotected sexual intercourse and sex with strangers and were more likely to report that they themselves would engage in these behaviors. Thus, online social networks can influence perceptions of the peer prevalence of sexual risk behaviors, and can influence users' own intentions with regard to such behaviors. These studies suggest the potential power of social networks to affect health behaviors by altering perceptions of peer norms. PMID:23438268

  7. A Social Psychological Model for Predicting Sexual Harassment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pryor, John B.; And Others

    1995-01-01

    Presents a Person X Situation (PXS) model of sexual harassment suggesting that sexually harassing behavior may be predicted from an analysis of social situational and personal factors. Research on sexual harassment proclivities in men is reviewed, and a profile of men who have a high a likelihood to sexually harass is discussed. Possible PXS…

  8. The sexual double standard in African American adolescent women's sexual risk reduction socialization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fasula, Amy M; Miller, Kim S; Wiener, Jeffrey

    2007-01-01

    This study explored the sexual double standard (SDS) (in which males are afforded more freedom and power than females in heterosexual interactions) in African American mothers' sexual messages to sons and daughters. We used a convenience sample of 129 African American adolescents, aged 14 to 17 years, and their mothers who reported SDS attitudes. Qualitative analyses revealed gender differences based on an SDS in mothers' sexual risk reduction socialization. Mothers typically took a proactive approach with sons and a neutral or prohibitive approach with daughters. Findings provide directions for socially relevant programs for African American parents, schools, and communities.

  9. Hacia un análisis cognitivo del cambio conductual: el comportamiento social pro activo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manolete S. Moscoso

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un análisis del Comportamiento Social Pro Activo utilizando como modelo la teoría del aprendizaje social. Se revisa el concepto de autoeficacia, originalmente propuesto por Bandura, y se hace referencia a variables de tipo cognitivo tales como los sistemas de valores y creencias. Se examinan las distinciones entre el temor al fracaso, al éxito, al rechazo, y su relación con el proceso de autosabotaje. Asimismo se discute la importancia de la transformación del significado y sus beneficios en la extinción del temor. Se presenta un modelo conceptual del control de los estados emocionales y sus implicancias en el proceso de la acción. Finalmente, se describen las premisas fundamentales del Condicionamiento Neurofisiológico Asociativo como un programa terapéutico que facilita el manejo de los estados emocionales de la persona.

  10. Percepciones sobre comportamientos sexuales de riesgo en personas que viven con VIH/SIDA y reciben tratamiento antirretroviral en Piura, Perú Risk sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Piura, Peru

    OpenAIRE

    José P. Juarez-Vílchez; Edwar J. Pozo

    2010-01-01

    Objetivo. Explorar y describir experiencias y motivaciones de las personas que viven con VIH (PVVS) y reciben tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA), para tener comportamientos sexuales de riesgo para transmisión del VIH, en dos hospitales públicos de Piura. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales en 40 PVVS, de 15 a 39 años de edad, cuyo análisis se realizó bajo el enfoque de la "teoría fundamentada", se realizó un anális...

  11. Use of social media for sexual health promotion: a scoping review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gabarron, Elia; Wynn, Rolf

    2016-01-01

    Background In order to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the World Health Organization recommends educating people on sexual health. With more than 2 billion active users worldwide, online social media potentially represent powerful channels for health promotion, including sexual health. Objective To review the scientific literature on the use of online social media for sexual health promotion. Design A search was conducted of scientific and medical databases, and grey literature was also included. The selected publications were classified according to their study designs, sexual health promotion main subject, target audience age, and social media use. Results Fifty-one publications were included; 4 publications presenting randomized intervention studies, 39 non-randomized intervention studies, and 8 observational studies. In 29 publications (56.9%), the main subject of the sexual health promotion was ‘general’ or to increase STI testing. Thirty publications (58.8%) specifically focused on youth or young people (aged 11–29 years). Fourteen publications that used social media either as unique channels for sexual health promotion interventions or as a tool supporting the sexual health promotion reported an effect on behavior (27%), and two of those studies found a reduction in the number of positive chlamydia and gonorrhea cases linked to social media intervention. Forty-four publications (86.3%) involved Facebook in some way. Conclusions Although billions of people worldwide actively use social media, we identified only 51 publications on the use of social media for promoting sexual health. About a quarter of the publications have identified promising results, and the evidence for positive effects of social media interventions for promoting sexual health is increasing. There is a need for more studies that explicitly discuss their theoretical framework, and that have strong research designs, in order to further increase the evidence base of the

  12. Use of social media for sexual health promotion: a scoping review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elia Gabarron

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Background: In order to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs, the World Health Organization recommends educating people on sexual health. With more than 2 billion active users worldwide, online social media potentially represent powerful channels for health promotion, including sexual health. Objective: To review the scientific literature on the use of online social media for sexual health promotion. Design: A search was conducted of scientific and medical databases, and grey literature was also included. The selected publications were classified according to their study designs, sexual health promotion main subject, target audience age, and social media use. Results: Fifty-one publications were included; 4 publications presenting randomized intervention studies, 39 non-randomized intervention studies, and 8 observational studies. In 29 publications (56.9%, the main subject of the sexual health promotion was ‘general’ or to increase STI testing. Thirty publications (58.8% specifically focused on youth or young people (aged 11–29 years. Fourteen publications that used social media either as unique channels for sexual health promotion interventions or as a tool supporting the sexual health promotion reported an effect on behavior (27%, and two of those studies found a reduction in the number of positive chlamydia and gonorrhea cases linked to social media intervention. Forty-four publications (86.3% involved Facebook in some way. Conclusions: Although billions of people worldwide actively use social media, we identified only 51 publications on the use of social media for promoting sexual health. About a quarter of the publications have identified promising results, and the evidence for positive effects of social media interventions for promoting sexual health is increasing. There is a need for more studies that explicitly discuss their theoretical framework, and that have strong research designs, in order to further increase the

  13. Use of social media for sexual health promotion: a scoping review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gabarron, Elia; Wynn, Rolf

    2016-01-01

    In order to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the World Health Organization recommends educating people on sexual health. With more than 2 billion active users worldwide, online social media potentially represent powerful channels for health promotion, including sexual health. To review the scientific literature on the use of online social media for sexual health promotion. A search was conducted of scientific and medical databases, and grey literature was also included. The selected publications were classified according to their study designs, sexual health promotion main subject, target audience age, and social media use. Fifty-one publications were included; 4 publications presenting randomized intervention studies, 39 non-randomized intervention studies, and 8 observational studies. In 29 publications (56.9%), the main subject of the sexual health promotion was 'general' or to increase STI testing. Thirty publications (58.8%) specifically focused on youth or young people (aged 11-29 years). Fourteen publications that used social media either as unique channels for sexual health promotion interventions or as a tool supporting the sexual health promotion reported an effect on behavior (27%), and two of those studies found a reduction in the number of positive chlamydia and gonorrhea cases linked to social media intervention. Forty-four publications (86.3%) involved Facebook in some way. Although billions of people worldwide actively use social media, we identified only 51 publications on the use of social media for promoting sexual health. About a quarter of the publications have identified promising results, and the evidence for positive effects of social media interventions for promoting sexual health is increasing. There is a need for more studies that explicitly discuss their theoretical framework, and that have strong research designs, in order to further increase the evidence base of the field.

  14. La realidad virtual en los comportamientos sociales

    OpenAIRE

    Jofré Pasinetti, Nicolás; Rodríguez, Graciela; Alvarado, Yoselie; Fernández, Jacqueline; Guerrero, Roberto A.

    2016-01-01

    Las nuevas tecnologías de la información permiten la generación de entornos de interacción que proveen nuevos mecanismos de comunicación e intercambio de información con una computadora; dentro de esta revolución tecnológica se encuentra la Realidad Virtual (RV). La RV es una tecnología poderosa cuyas aplicaciones en la vida cotidiana son infinitas, es por ello que aborda tópicos cada vez más complejos entre los cuales se encuentran los comportamientos de los individuos en sociedad. La rea...

  15. Social capital and sexual behavior among Ugandan university students

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anette Agardh

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Background: Uganda has reduced its prevalence of HIV/AIDS from 18 to 6.5% within a decade. An important factor behind this might have been the response from faith-based voluntary organizations, which developed social capital for achieving this. Three behaviors have been targeted: Abstinence, Being faithful, and Condom use (the ABC strategy. The aim of this study was to explore the association between social capital and the ABC behaviors, especially with reference to religious factors. Methods: In 2005, 980 Ugandan university students responded to a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 80%. It assessed sociodemographic factors, social capital, importance of religion, sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, and condom use. Logistic regression analysis was applied as the main analytical tool. Results: Thirty-seven percent of the male and 49% of the female students had not had sexual intercourse. Of those with sexual experience, 46% of the males and 23% of the females had had three or more lifetime sexual partners, and 32% of those males and 38% of the females stated they did not always use condoms with a new partner. Low trust in others was associated with a higher risk for not always using condoms with a new partner among male students (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.8, and with a lower risk for sexual debut among female students (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.9. Non-dominant bridging trust among male students was associated with a higher risk for having had many sexual partners (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.9. However, low trust in others was associated with a greater likelihood of sexual debut in men, while the opposite was true in women, and a similar pattern was also seen regarding a high number of lifetime sexual partners in individuals who were raised in families where religion played a major role. Conclusions: In general, social capital was associated with less risky sexual behavior in our sample. However, gender and role of religion modified

  16. Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juana María Hernández

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansiedad por los alimentos consumidos, las prácticas alimentarias restrictivas, así como la presión social sobre la imagen corporal, fueron los principales factores asociados con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en la niñez.

  17. Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juana María Meléndez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansiedad por los alimentos consumidos, las prácticas alimentarias restrictivas, así como la presión social sobre la imagen corporal, fueron los principales factores asociados con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en la niñez.

  18. Heightened Activity in Social Reward Networks is Associated with Adolescents’ Risky Sexual Behaviors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eckstrand, Kristen L.; Choukas-Bradley, Sophia; Mohanty, Arpita; Cross, Marissa; Allen, Nicholas B.; Silk, Jennifer S.; Jones, Neil P.; Forbes, Erika E.

    2018-01-01

    Adolescent sexual risk behavior can lead to serious health consequences, yet few investigations have addressed its neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Social neurocircuitry is postulated to underlie the development of risky sexual behavior, and response to social reward may be especially relevant. Typically developing adolescents (N=47; 18M, 29F; 16.3±1.4 years; 42.5% sexual intercourse experience) completed a social reward fMRI task and reported their sexual risk behaviors (e.g., lifetime sexual partners) on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Neural response and functional connectivity to social reward were compared for adolescents with higher- and lower-risk sexual behavior. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors demonstrated increased activation in the right precuneus and the right temporoparietal junction during receipt of social reward. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors also demonstrated greater functional connectivity between the precuneus and the temporoparietal junction bilaterally, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and left anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The greater activation and functional connectivity in self-referential, social reward, and affective processing regions among higher sexual risk adolescents underscores the importance of social influence underlying sexual risk behaviors. Furthermore, results suggest an orientation towards and sensitivity to social rewards among youth engaging in higher-risk sexual behavior, perhaps as a consequence of or vulnerability to such behavior. PMID:28755632

  19. Heightened activity in social reward networks is associated with adolescents’ risky sexual behaviors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kristen L. Eckstrand

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Adolescent sexual risk behavior can lead to serious health consequences, yet few investigations have addressed its neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Social neurocircuitry is postulated to underlie the development of risky sexual behavior, and response to social reward may be especially relevant. Typically developing adolescents (N = 47; 18M, 29F; 16.3 ± 1.4 years; 42.5% sexual intercourse experience completed a social reward fMRI task and reported their sexual risk behaviors (e.g., lifetime sexual partners on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS. Neural response and functional connectivity to social reward were compared for adolescents with higher- and lower-risk sexual behavior. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors demonstrated increased activation in the right precuneus and the right temporoparietal junction during receipt of social reward. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors also demonstrated greater functional connectivity between the precuneus and the temporoparietal junction bilaterally, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and left anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The greater activation and functional connectivity in self-referential, social reward, and affective processing regions among higher sexual risk adolescents underscores the importance of social influence underlying sexual risk behaviors. Furthermore, results suggest an orientation towards and sensitivity to social rewards among youth engaging in higher-risk sexual behavior, perhaps as a consequence of or vulnerability to such behavior.

  20. Heightened activity in social reward networks is associated with adolescents' risky sexual behaviors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eckstrand, Kristen L; Choukas-Bradley, Sophia; Mohanty, Arpita; Cross, Marissa; Allen, Nicholas B; Silk, Jennifer S; Jones, Neil P; Forbes, Erika E

    2017-10-01

    Adolescent sexual risk behavior can lead to serious health consequences, yet few investigations have addressed its neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Social neurocircuitry is postulated to underlie the development of risky sexual behavior, and response to social reward may be especially relevant. Typically developing adolescents (N=47; 18M, 29F; 16.3±1.4years; 42.5% sexual intercourse experience) completed a social reward fMRI task and reported their sexual risk behaviors (e.g., lifetime sexual partners) on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Neural response and functional connectivity to social reward were compared for adolescents with higher- and lower-risk sexual behavior. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors demonstrated increased activation in the right precuneus and the right temporoparietal junction during receipt of social reward. Adolescents with higher-risk sexual behaviors also demonstrated greater functional connectivity between the precuneus and the temporoparietal junction bilaterally, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and left anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The greater activation and functional connectivity in self-referential, social reward, and affective processing regions among higher sexual risk adolescents underscores the importance of social influence underlying sexual risk behaviors. Furthermore, results suggest an orientation towards and sensitivity to social rewards among youth engaging in higher-risk sexual behavior, perhaps as a consequence of or vulnerability to such behavior. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  1. Social media child in the age of endemic sexuality: a study of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This paper entitled “Social Media Child in the Age of Endemic Sexuality: A Study of Secondary School Students in Kogi State” sought to ascertain the social media usage pattern of secondary school students in Kogi state; the influence of social media on their sexual attitude; and how the social media influence their sexual ...

  2. Sexual diversity, social inclusion and HIV/AIDS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cáceres, Carlos F; Aggleton, Peter; Galea, Jerome T

    2008-08-01

    Despite a number of programmes to prevent HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and, more generally, sexually diverse populations, gay and other homosexually active men continue to be at heightened risk of HIV and its consequences. This paper analyses some of the reasons for this situation and offers policy and programmatic recommendations to contribute to a solution. The social exclusion of MSM and transgender individuals is an overwhelming reality in the majority of countries worldwide. Although progress has been achieved in some countries, in most of the world the situation remains problematic. Present challenges to equality and to the realization of health, include the membership of groups or subcultures with high HIV prevalence, lower quality and coverage of services and programmes and the impact of higher-level influences such as laws, public policies, social norms and culture, which together configure an environment that is hostile to the integration and needs of certain groups. A social inclusion perspective on HIV prevention and AIDS-related care implies the adoption of strategies to understand and confront social vulnerability. Sexual exclusion intensifies the burden of HIV transmission and morbidity. As part of a comprehensive response there is an urgent need to: (i) improve our understanding of the characteristics and HIV burden among sexually diverse populations; (ii) creatively confront legal, social and cultural factors enhancing sexual exclusion; (iii) ensure the provision of broad-based and effective HIV prevention; (iv) offer adequate care and treatment; and (v) confront special challenges that characterize work with these populations in lower and middle-income countries.

  3. Social cognitive mediators of parent-child sexual communication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evans, W Douglas; Blitstein, Jonathan L; Davis, Kevin C

    2011-07-01

    To test a social cognitive behavior change model and identify mediators of the effects of the Parents Speak Up National Campaign (PSUNC) on parent-child sexual communication. Investigators used 5 waves of data from an online randomized controlled trial. Latent variables were developed based on item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation. Outcome expectations mediated effects of social norms and self-efficacy on sexual communication. Other hypothesized mediators were not confirmed. Interventions to promote parent-child sexual communication should target outcome expectations. Future research should investigate parents' health information seeking.

  4. Social Networks and Sexual Orientation Disparities in Tobacco and Alcohol Use

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hatzenbuehler, Mark L; McLaughlin, Katie A; Xuan, Ziming

    2015-01-01

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the composition of social networks contributes to sexual orientation disparities in substance use and misuse. Method: Data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative cohort study of adolescents (N = 20,745). Wave 1 collected extensive information about the social networks of participants through peer nomination inventories. Results: Same- and both-sex–attracted youths had higher frequency/quantity of tobacco use in their peer networks than did opposite-sex–attracted youths, and both-sex–attracted youths had higher frequency/quantity of alcohol use and misuse in their peer networks than opposite-sex–attracted youths. Among same- and both-sex–attracted youths, greater frequency/quantity of tobacco use in one’s social network predicted greater use of cigarettes. In addition, greater frequency/quantity of peers’ drinking and drinking to intoxication predicted more alcohol use and alcohol misuse in the both-sex–attracted group. These social network factors mediated sexual orientation–related disparities in tobacco use for both- and same-sex–attracted youths. Moreover, sexual orientation disparities in alcohol misuse were mediated by social network characteristics for the same-sex and both-sex–attracted youths. Importantly, sexual minority adolescents were no more likely to have other sexual minorities in their social networks than were sexual majority youths, ruling out an alternative explanation for our results. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of social networks as correlates of substance use behaviors among sexual minority youths and as potential pathways explaining sexual orientation disparities in substance use outcomes. PMID:25486400

  5. The social context of sexual health and sexual risk for urban adolescent girls in the United States.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Teitelman, Anne M; Bohinski, Julia M; Boente, Alyssa

    2009-07-01

    Sexually transmitted infections including HIV and teenage pregnancy have resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality among girls in the United States. There is a need to further strengthen prevention efforts against these persistent epidemics. In order to promote girls' sexual health and most effectively reduce sexual risk, it is important to understand the social factors that influence the development of a girl's sexuality. The purpose of this study was to begin to fill a void in the literature by exploring girls' perspectives about the social context in which they learn about sex, sexuality, and relationships. Coding and content analysis was used to identify patterns and themes in 33 individual interviews with African American and Euro-American girls. Participants identified family, friends/peers, partners, school, and the media as the most common sources for learning about sexual health. Girls sought out different types of information from each source. Many girls experienced conflicting messages about their sexual health and struggled to integrate the disparate cultural references to sex, sexuality, and relationships that emerged from these different spheres of social life. Girls often had to navigate the journey of their sexual development with little room for reflection about their own thoughts, feelings, desires, and decisions. Health care providers, especially those in mental health, are in an optimal position to promote girls' physical, developmental, and emotional sexual health.

  6. Perceptions of social capital and sexual behaviour among youth in South Africa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Odimegwu, Clifford; De Wet, Nicole; Somefun, Oluwaseyi Dolapo

    2017-11-01

    With about one quarter of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occuring in young people, there is an on-going debate regarding the role of social capital on youth sexual behaviour. Some studies have suggested that high levels of family and community social capital may act as protective factors that lessen the likelihood of negative consequences; while others have concluded that social capital may be a risk factor for risky sexual behaviour among youth. Using data from the Third National Communications Survey (2012) conducted in South Africa, we examined the relationship between perceptions of social capital and youth sexual behaviour measured by age at first sex and condom use among 3 399 males and females (aged between 16 and 24 years). We assessed community perceptions of social capital with questions that measured trust, social participation, and support. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to predict the risk for early sexual debut. Logistic regression was used to predict the odds of condom use. There was no association between perceptions of social capital and youth sexual behaviour. This work reveals that youth sexual behaviour in South Africa may be influenced by socio-economic characteristics, especially at the individual level.

  7. Percepciones de los docentes sobre el comportamiento de niños con altos niveles de inclusión y exclusión social dentro de su grupo escolar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Mario Jaramillo

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available se analizaron las percepciones de los docentes de 20 grupos escolares diferentes sobre el comportamiento de niños que presentaban altos niveles de inclusión y exclusión social. Eestos niños fueron seleccionados de una muestra de 539 estudiantes de ambos sexos por haber obtenido altos puntajes al aplicar un procedimiento sociométrico en el grupo escolar al que pertenecían. Para expresar sus percepciones los docentes diligenciaron un Ccuestionario de Oobservación de la Cconducta en el Aaula de Cclase. Een dicho cuestionario se estimaba la frecuencia con que se presentaban distintos comportamientos. Sse observó que en 25 de los 55 ítems del cuestionario los docentes percibieron diferencias significativas entre el comportamiento de los niños incluidos y el de los niños excluidos. Llos comportamientos en que se presentaron estas diferencias se pueden agrupar en las categorías de control emocional, control de impulsos, conducta prosocial, empatía, manejo de conflictos y relación con la autoridad. En cada una de estas categorías de comportamiento los docentes atribuyeron con mayor frecuencia déficits o excesos conductuales a los niños que presentaban altos niveles de exclusión. resultados sugieren que los docentes perciben en ambos grupos de niños (incluidos y excluidos perfiles conductuales significativamente diferentes. Ssurge el interrogante sobre cómo esta percepción afecta la relación pedagógica y el estatus social de los niños en su grupo escolar.

  8. Social Media and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents: Is there a link?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landry, Megan; Turner, Monique; Vyas, Amita; Wood, Susan

    2017-05-19

    Adolescent sexual risk taking and its consequences remain a global public health concern. Empirical evidence on the impact that social media has on sexual health behaviors among youth is sparse. The study aimed to examine the relationship between social media and the change in sexual risk over time and whether parental monitoring moderates this relationship. This study comprised a sample of 555 Latino youth aged 13-19 years from Maryland, United States completing baseline and follow-up surveys. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to examine the relationship between social media and the change in sexual risk over time and whether parental monitoring moderated the relationship. Sexual risk behaviors significantly increased between baseline (T1) and follow up (T2) (mean=0.432 vs mean=0.734, PYouth sending more than 100 text messages per day had significantly higher sexual risk scores (beta=1.008, Pinfluence diminishing and peer pressure and social influences increasing during adolescence. ©Megan Landry, Monique Turner, Amita Vyas, Susan Wood. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 19.05.2017.

  9. Social reactions to disclosure of sexual victimization and adjustment among survivors of sexual assault.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Orchowski, Lindsay M; Untied, Amy S; Gidycz, Christine A

    2013-07-01

    How a support provider responds to disclosure of sexual victimization has important implications for the process of recovery. The present study examines the associations between various positive and negative social reactions to sexual assault disclosure and psychological distress, coping behavior, social support, and self-esteem in a sample of college women (N = 374). Social reactions to assault disclosure that attempted to control the survivor's decisions were associated with increased symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety and lower perceptions of reassurance of worth from others. Blaming social reactions were associated with less self-esteem and engagement in coping via problem solving. Social reactions that provided emotional support to the survivor were associated with increased coping by seeking emotional support. Contrary to expectations, social reactions that treated the survivor differently were associated with higher self-esteem. Implications are discussed.

  10. Sexual Assertiveness Mediates the Effect of Social Interaction Anxiety on Sexual Victimization Risk among College Women

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schry, Amie R.; White, Susan W.

    2013-01-01

    Sexual victimization is prevalent among college women and is associated with adverse psychological consequences. Social anxiety, particularly related to interpersonal interaction, may increase risk of sexual victimization among college women by decreasing sexual assertiveness and decreasing the likelihood of using assertive resistance techniques.…

  11. Female methamphetamine users: social characteristics and sexual risk behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Semple, Shirley J; Grant, Igor; Patterson, Thomas L

    2004-01-01

    The primary objective of this research was to expand our knowledge regarding the personal and social characteristics of female methamphetamine (meth) users, their motivations for using meth, patterns of meth use, medical and social problems associated with meth use, and the relationship between meth use and sexual risk behaviors. The sample consisted of 98 HIV-negative, heterosexually-identified, meth-using females residing in San Diego, California. Female meth users were characterized by personal and social disadvantage, high rates of psychiatric symptomatology, and high levels of sexual risk behavior, including multiple partners, risky partner types (e.g., anonymous sex partners), and high rates of unprotected vaginal and oral sex. Meth use was also associated with the subjective positive experience of sex. These finding suggest that behavioral interventions should be tailored to the social characteristics of female meth users, and program content should reflect the intertwining of women's sexual experience and meth use.

  12. Perceptions of social capital and sexual behaviour among youth in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Perceptions of social capital and sexual behaviour among youth in South Africa. ... Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health ... may act as protective factors that lessen the likelihood of negative consequences; while others have concluded that social capital may be a risk factor for risky sexual behaviour among youth.

  13. Metodología para el empoderamiento en salud sexual de actores sociales vinculados a niños/as preescolares Methodology for empowerment in sexual health of social participants linked to preschool boys/girls

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Díaz Llanes

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: la promoción de comportamientos sexuales salutógenos es uno de los principales retos de la salud pública contemporánea, por la gran complejidad que estos exhiben y su potencial beneficio al cuadro de salud de todos los países. Uno de los referentes teóricos que sustentan las intervenciones en esta dimensión de la salud, es el empoderamiento, sin embargo, todavía se carece de metodologías capaces de guiar las intervenciones al nivel comunitario. OBJETIVO: el presente estudio se propuso la construcción y validación de una metodología dirigida a empoderar en salud sexual a actores sociales de la comunidad, vinculados a la educación de niños preescolares. MÉTODOS: el estudio se vertebró en un diseño de investigación-acción participativa. RESULTADOS: se consiguió una metodología ajustada al empoderamiento con 3 etapas y subetapas diferenciadas, y a su vez, conectadas entre sí, con suficiente flexibilidad para ser adaptada a diversos entornos. Cada etapa contiene salidas esperadas a partir de procedimientos y técnicas lógicamente ordenadas, que parten de la acción, reflexionan críticamente sobre ella y la transforman.INTRODUCTION: the promotion of health sexual behaviors is one of the major challenges of current public health due to its great complexity and its potential benefit to health situation at world level. One of the concerning theoretical features supporting the interventions in this health dimension is the empowerment, however, still there is a lack of methodologies able to guide the interventions at community level. OBJECTIVE: the objective of present paper was to create and to validate the methodology directed to empower in sexual health to social participants of community, linked with the education of preschool children. METHODS: the study included a participation-research design. RESULTS: it was possible to obtain a methodology fitted to empowerment including three differentiated stages and

  14. Adolescência e sexualidade: scripts sexuais a partir das representações sociais Adolescencia y sexualidad: scripts sexuales a partir de las representaciones sociales Adolescence and sexuality: sexual scripts from the social representations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Senei da Rocha Henrique Macedo

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se apreender as representações sociais de adolescentes sobre sexualidade, a partir de suas experiências pessoais. De natureza qualitativa e representacional, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida junto a treze adolescentes numa unidade de educação de jovens e adultos, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada e o grupo focal. Verificou-se a coexistência de dúvidas quanto à sexualidade e sua relação ao ato sexual propriamente dito; ausência de diálogos entre pais e filhos nessa temática; e abordagem escolar ainda incipiente, com limitações dos conteúdos quanto ao uso de camisinha. As representações sociais nesse estudo se ancoram na sexualidade como ato sexual, e são objetivadas por meio dos scripts social e sexual, que conferem aos adolescentes um saber prático sobre si.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las representaciones sociales de los adolescentes acerca de la sexualidad, a partir de sus experiencias personales. La investigación, de carácter cualitativo y de representación, se llevó a cabo con trece adolescentes, en una unidad de educación para jóvenes y adultos. Tuve, como instrumentos para recolección de datos, una entrevista semi-estructurada y reuniones de grupos focales. Se observó la coexistencia de cuestiones relacionadas con la sexualidad y su relación con el acto sexual en sí; ausencia de diálogo entre padres e hijos acerca de este tema; y enfoque incipiente de la escuela, con limitaciones de los contenidos cuánto al uso del condón. En este estudio, las representaciones sociales están ancoradas en la sexualidad como acto sexual, e objetivadas a través de scripts sociales y sexuales, que dan a los adolescentes un conocimiento práctico sobre sí mismos.This study aimed to identify the social representations of adolescents about sexuality, from their personal experiences. The research, of a qualitative and representational nature, was carried out with thirteen

  15. Social Media and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents: Is there a link?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-01-01

    Background Adolescent sexual risk taking and its consequences remain a global public health concern. Empirical evidence on the impact that social media has on sexual health behaviors among youth is sparse. Objective The study aimed to examine the relationship between social media and the change in sexual risk over time and whether parental monitoring moderates this relationship. Methods This study comprised a sample of 555 Latino youth aged 13-19 years from Maryland, United States completing baseline and follow-up surveys. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to examine the relationship between social media and the change in sexual risk over time and whether parental monitoring moderated the relationship. Results Sexual risk behaviors significantly increased between baseline (T1) and follow up (T2) (mean=0.432 vs mean=0.734, Psocial influences increasing during adolescence. PMID:28526670

  16. Sexual harassment on the job: psychological, social and economic repercussions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gosselin, H L

    1984-09-01

    This article is an effort to shed new light on what has been commonly termed sexual harassment, to identify its forms and, most importantly, to explore its effect upon those who have been subjected to it. The author's hypothesis is that sexual harassment in the workplace is more a social phenomenon than a personal problem, and that it is the cause of lasting psychological, social and economic after-effects among its victims. Combatting sexual harassment is only part of the solution; we must look beyond its legal aspects to find ways of changing male-female occupational relationships, and we must provide support to victims of sexual harassment.

  17. Aportes de la epidemiología al estudio de la diversidad sexual masculina Epidemiology contributions to the study of the male sexual diversity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adrián Palú Orozco

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y observacional de 175 individuos varones entre los 15 y 45 años de edad, pertenecientes a 2 consultorios del Policlínico "Camilo Torres Restrepo" de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2007, con lo cual se pretendió definir un nuevo enfoque holístico, desde la perspectiva epidemiológica, que permita un mejor estudio de la diversidad sexual masculina. Los resultados fundamentales indicaron que esta debe ser analizada como una categoría sanitaria e integradora (que incluya los aportes de ciencias como la salud pública, la sociología, la psicología, la sexología y la comunicación social, más allá de su mera interpretación sexológica. El análisis de los determinantes del estado de salud de la población, relacionado con la orientación y el comportamiento sexual masculino demostró la extraordinaria dimensión y utilidad de la epidemiología en el análisis de fenómenos sociales complejos.A descriptive and observational investigation was conducted in 175 male individuals between 15 and 45 years of age, belonging to 2 doctor´s offices of "Camilo Torres Restrepo" Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba during 2007, to define a new holistic approach from an epidemiological perspective that allows a better study of the male sexual diversity. The main results indicated that this is to be analyzed as a health and integration category, including contributions of sciences as public health, sociology, psychology, sexology and social communication, beyond its simple sexual interpretation. Analysis of determinants of the population's health state related to the orientation and male sexual behavior demonstrated the extraordinary dimension and usefulness of the epidemiology in analyzing complex social phenomena.

  18. Social Stress and Substance Use Disparities by Sexual Orientation Among High School Students.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lowry, Richard; Johns, Michelle M; Robin, Leah E; Kann, Laura K

    2017-10-01

    Sexual minority youth often experience increased social stress due to prejudice, discrimination, harassment, and victimization. Increased stress may help explain the disproportionate use of substances like tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use by sexual minority youth. This study examined the effect of social stress on substance use disparities by sexual orientation among U.S. high school students. In 2016, data from the national 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted among a nationally representative sample of 15,624 U.S. high school students, were analyzed to examine the effect of school-related (threatened/injured at school, bullied at school, bullied electronically, felt unsafe at school) and non-school-related (forced sexual intercourse, early sexual debut) social stress on substance use disparities by sexual orientation, by comparing unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and adjusted (for social stressors, age, sex, and race/ethnicity) prevalence ratios (APRs). Unadjusted PRs reflected significantly (pprevention programs might appropriately include strategies to reduce social stress, including policies and practices designed to provide a safe school environment and improved access to social and mental health services. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  19. Social isolation during puberty affects female sexual behavior in mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jasmina eKercmar

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Exposure to stress during puberty can lead to long-term behavioral alterations in adult rodents coincident with sex steroid hormone-dependent brain remodeling and reorganization. Social isolation is a stress for social animals like mice, but little is known about the effects of such stress during adolescence on later reproductive behaviors. The present study examined sexual behavior of ovariectomized, estradiol and progesterone primed female mice that were individually housed from 25 days of age until testing at approximately 95 days, or individually housed from day 25 until day 60 (during puberty, followed by housing in social groups. Mice in these isolated groups were compared to females that were group housed throughout the experiment. Receptive sexual behaviors of females and behaviors of stimulus males were recorded. Females housed in social groups displayed greater levels of receptive behaviors in comparison to both socially isolated groups. Namely, social females had higher lordosis quotients and more often displayed stronger lordosis postures in comparison to isolated females. No differences between female groups were observed in stimulus male sexual behavior suggesting that female ’attractiveness’ was not affected by their social isolation. Females housed in social groups had fewer cells containing immunoreactive estrogen receptor (ER α in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV and in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH than both isolated groups. These results suggest that isolation during adolescence affects female sexual behavior and re-socialization for one month in adulthood is insufficient to rescue lordosis behavior from the effects of social isolation during the pubertal period.

  20. Teoría del comportamiento planificado y conducta sexual de riesgo en hombres homosexuales Theory of planned behavior and risky sexual behavior in homosexual men

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Jesús Martín

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Explorar la adecuación de modelo de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TCP para el análisis de la conducta sexual de riesgo en el colectivo "hombres que tienen sexo con hombres" (HSH con el objetivo de proponer un modelo alternativo que mejore su comprensión. MÉTODOS: Análisis cualitativo de entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y de grupos nominales realizadas con 45 HSH que durante los últimos 12 meses mantuvieron relaciones sexuales de riesgo (penetración anal insertiva o receptiva sin utilizar preservativo. Para el manejo de los datos se realizó un análisis del discurso mediante el "método comparativo constante" realizado en dos fases: a identificación de variables de la TCP y de inadecuaciones entre esta teoría y las declaraciones de los informadores, y b propuesta de un modelo psicosocial alternativo coherente con los resultados. RESULTADOS: Se confirmó una adecuación general de la TCP, su modificación en aspectos puntuales y la incorporación de nuevas variables que, en posteriores investigaciones, podrían ser incluidas para verificar cuantitativamente su potencial incremento de la capacidad predictiva y/o explicativa del modelo para la conducta sexual de riesgo en HSH. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar la importancia de poner a prueba los postulados matemáticos del modelo TCP. Se estableció un equilibrio estable entre la validación de la TCP, sugiriéndose posibles modificaciones en aspectos puntuales que, en posteriores investigaciones, podrían ser incluidas para verificar su potencial incremento de la capacidad explicativa del modelo para la conducta sexual de riesgo en HSH.OBJECTIVE: Explore the appropriateness of the theory of planned behavior (TPB model for analyzing risky sexual behavior in men who have sex with other men (MSM, with the object of proposing an alternative model that improves understanding. METHODS: Qualitative analysis of semi-structured individual and

  1. Heightened activity in social reward networks is associated with adolescents’ risky sexual behaviors

    OpenAIRE

    Kristen L. Eckstrand; Sophia Choukas-Bradley; Arpita Mohanty; Marissa Cross; Nicholas B. Allen; Jennifer S. Silk; Neil P. Jones; Erika E. Forbes

    2017-01-01

    Adolescent sexual risk behavior can lead to serious health consequences, yet few investigations have addressed its neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Social neurocircuitry is postulated to underlie the development of risky sexual behavior, and response to social reward may be especially relevant. Typically developing adolescents (N = 47; 18M, 29F; 16.3 ± 1.4 years; 42.5% sexual intercourse experience) completed a social reward fMRI task and reported their sexual risk behaviors (e.g., lifetime sex...

  2. Social networks and risk for depressive symptoms in a national sample of sexual minority youth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hatzenbuehler, Mark L; McLaughlin, Katie A; Xuan, Ziming

    2012-10-01

    The aim of the study was to examine the social networks of sexual minority youths and to determine the associations between social networks and depressive symptoms. Data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative cohort study of American adolescents (N = 14,212). Wave 1 (1994-1995) collected extensive information about the social networks of participants through peer nomination inventories, as well as measures of sexual minority status and depressive symptoms. Using social network data, we examined three characteristics of adolescents' social relationships: (1) social isolation; (2) degree of connectedness; and (3) social status. Sexual minority youths, particularly females, were more isolated, less connected, and had lower social status in peer networks than opposite-sex attracted youths. Among sexual minority male (but not female) youths, greater isolation as well as lower connectedness and status within a network were associated with greater depressive symptoms. Moreover, greater isolation in social networks partially explained the association between sexual minority status and depressive symptoms among males. Finally, a significant 3-way interaction indicated that the association between social isolation and depression was stronger for sexual minority male youths than non-minority youths and sexual minority females. These results suggest that the social networks in which sexual minority male youths are embedded may confer risk for depressive symptoms, underscoring the importance of considering peer networks in both research and interventions targeting sexual minority male adolescents. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Social change, migration and sexual health: Chilean women in Chile and Australia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dawson, Maria Teresa; Gifford, Sandra Margaret

    2003-01-01

    Cultural beliefs, norms and values regarding sexuality and gender roles forge people's sexual behaviour and understanding of sexual health risk. Acknowledging a person's cultural background is a key challenge for the promotion of sexual health programs and strategies for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS. This challenge acquires larger dimensions when health promotion programs are directed towards migrant communities. This article examines narratives about past and present life experiences of Chilean women living in Australia and Chilean women in Chile. We inquire about social changes and exposure to education women experienced in their own country and in Australia and the ways in which migrant women define and articulate their experiences in relation to sexual health prevention. In comparing these experiences, we raise a number of questions about sexual health promotion and programs, including the prevention of STDs and HIV/AIDS targeted to specific migrant communities in Australia. Very few sexual health policies and strategies in Australia take into account the impact that the social and cultural background of migrants, social changes and the 'settlement process' has on the cultural construction of gender identity of migrants in the new country. We propose that these cultural constructs are key in the formulation of migrants' beliefs and attitudes towards sexuality and sexual health. We suggest that there is a need to build effective and culturally appropriate sexual health promotion and prevention strategies that build upon the social and cultural background and the present and past life experiences of migrant women and men.

  4. Funciones expresivas (comportamiento motor y lenguaje), comportamiento emocional y funciones ejecutivas en la discapacidad intelectual

    OpenAIRE

    Grau Rubio, Claudia

    2006-01-01

    Se describen las bases neurológicas del comportamiento motor, lenguaje, funciones ejecutivas y comportamiento emocional en las personas con discapacidad intelectual; las dificultades asociadas y cómo se puede intervenir.

  5. Inappropriate Lessons: Elementary Schools and the Social Organization of Sexuality

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boas, Erica Misako

    2013-01-01

    This dissertation responds to the question: How is sexuality organized in elementary schools? I argue that despite the absence of overt discussions on sexuality in elementary schools, sexuality is "organized" through social processes that are recursively linked to ideology. Due to the widely held belief that "children" and…

  6. Social anxiety and alcohol-related sexual victimization: A longitudinal pilot study of college women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schry, Amie R; Maddox, Brenna B; White, Susan W

    2016-10-01

    We sought to examine social anxiety as a risk factor for alcohol-related sexual victimization among college women. Women (Time 1: n = 574; Time 2: n = 88) who reported consuming alcohol at least once during the assessment timeframe participated. Social anxiety, alcohol use, alcohol-related consequences, and sexual victimization were assessed twice, approximately two months apart. Logistic regressions were used to examine social anxiety as a risk factor for alcohol-related sexual victimization at both time points. Longitudinally, women high in social anxiety were approximately three times more likely to endorse unwanted alcohol-related sexual experiences compared to women with low to moderate social anxiety. This study suggests social anxiety, a modifiable construct, increases risk for alcohol-related sexual victimization among college women. Implications for clinicians and risk-reduction program developers are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  7. Prácticas y comportamientos sexuales de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pilar Salas-Chaves

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las prácticas sexuales de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica para adquirir la infección por VIH, con el fin de promover una vida sexual sana y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida. Se realizó una encuesta auto-administrada y anónima en la población estudiantil, durante el ciclo lectivo del año 2008 en las diferentes sedes que tiene la Universidad de Costa Rica en todo el país. Al final del trabajo de campo se logró recolectar un total de 497 cuestionarios. La distribución por sexo y edad representó en forma adecuada a la población estudiantil de la Universidad de Costa Rica donde no se dan grandes diferencias. La mayoría de los estudiantes son del área de Ciencias Sociales. El 86% de los estudiantes indicó haber tenido relaciones sexuales y el promedio de edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales en ambos sexos, fue de 18 años. Un mayor porcentaje de las mujeres (43% respecto a los hombres (38,7% tuvieron la última relación sexual en menos de una semana. La monogamia y el uso de preservativo fueron considerados por la mayoría de los estudiantes como prácticas de sexo seguro. Al consultar a los encuestados donde habían recibido charlas, cursos sobre sexualidad o educación sexual, el sistema educativo fue la principal fuente de información sobre el tema. Esta información lleva a formular una serie de recomendaciones como la necesidad de ejecutar jornadas informativas para los estudiantes en especial las mujeres a través de los medios de comunicación de la Universidad de Costa Rica.

  8. Is Comparison the Thief of Joy? Sexual Narcissism and Social Comparisons in the Domain of Sexuality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Day, Lisa C; Muise, Amy; Impett, Emily A

    2017-02-01

    Are people who are high in sexual narcissism more sensitive to information comparing their sex lives with the sex lives of others? Does this sensitivity explain narcissists' lower sexual and relationship satisfaction? We conducted three studies to address this question. Participants completed the Sexual Narcissism Scale (Widman & McNulty, 2010), and then either recalled (Study 1), imagined (Study 2), or actually made (Study 3) a sexual comparison. We found that people high in sexual narcissism (compared with those lower in sexual narcissism) were more bothered when comparing themselves with someone with a higher sexual frequency and felt better about a comparison with someone with a lower sexual frequency. In turn, narcissists' greater sensitivity to upward social comparisons predicted lower sexual and relationship satisfaction. These results suggest that those high in sexual narcissism may use downward sexual comparisons to maintain their grandiose self-views and be particularly sensitive to upward sexual comparisons.

  9. Understanding social and sexual networks of sexual minority men and transgender women in Guatemala city to improve HIV prevention efforts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tucker, C; Arandi, C Galindo; Bolaños, J Herbert; Paz-Bailey, G; Barrington, C

    2014-11-01

    Sexual minority men and transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV in Guatemala. Innovative prevention strategies are urgently needed to address these disparities. While social network approaches are frequently used to reach sexual minorities, little is known about the unique network characteristics among sub-groups. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 13 gay-identifying men, eight non-gay-identifying men who have sex with men (MSM) and eight transgender women in Guatemala City. Using narrative and thematic coding procedures, we identified distinct patterns in the size, composition, and overlap between social and sexual networks across groups. Gay-identifying men had the largest, most supportive social networks, predominantly comprising family. For both non-gay-identifying MSM and transgender women, friends and sex clients provided more support. Transgender women reported the smallest social networks, least social support, and the most discrimination. HIV prevention efforts should be tailored to the specific sexual minority population and engage with strong ties.

  10. Understanding Social and Sexual Networks of Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women in Guatemala City to Improve HIV Prevention Efforts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tucker, C.; Arandi, C. Galindo; Bolaños, J. Herbert; Paz-Bailey, G.; Barrington, C.

    2015-01-01

    Sexual minority men and transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV in Guatemala. Innovative prevention strategies are urgently needed to address these disparities. While social network approaches are frequently used to reach sexual minorities, little is known about the unique network characteristics among sub-groups. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 13 gay-identifying men, eight non-gay-identifying men who have sex with men (MSM) and eight transgender women in Guatemala City. Using narrative and thematic coding procedures, we identified distinct patterns in the size, composition, and overlap between social and sexual networks across groups. Gay-identifying men had the largest, most supportive social networks, predominantly comprising family. For both non-gay-identifying MSM and transgender women, friends and sex clients provided more support. Transgender women reported the smallest social networks, least social support, and the most discrimination. HIV prevention efforts should be tailored to the specific sexual minority population and engage with strong ties. PMID:25418236

  11. High-Risk Sexual Behavior at Social Venues in Madagascar

    Science.gov (United States)

    KHAN, MARIA R.; RASOLOFOMANANA, JUSTIN R.; McCLAMROCH, KRISTI J.; RALISIMALALA, ANDRIAMAMPIANINA; ZAFIMANJAKA, MAURICE G.; BEHETS, FRIEDA; WEIR, SHARON S.

    2018-01-01

    Background Persistent high levels of sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Madagascar indicate current prevention strategies are inadequate. STI/HIV prevention based in social venues may play an important role in reaching individuals at risk of infection. We identified venues where people meet sexual partners and measured the need and potential for venue-based prevention. Methods Interviews were conducted in 7 Madagascar towns with 1) community informants to identify social venues, 2) individuals socializing at a sample of venues to assess sexual behavior among venue patrons, and 3) venue representatives to assess the potential for venue-based intervention. Results Community informants identified numerous venues (range: 67–211 venues, depending on the town); streets, bars, and hotels were most commonly reported. Among 2982 individuals socializing at venues, 78% of men and 74% of women reported new sexual partnership or sex trade for money, goods, or services in the past 4 weeks and 19% of men and 18% of women reported symptoms suggestive of STI in the past 4 weeks. STI symptom levels were disproportionately high among respondents reporting either sex trade or new sexual partnership in the past 4 weeks. Twenty-eight percent of men and 41% of women reported condom use during the last sex act with a new partner. Although 24% to 45% of venues had hosted STI/HIV interventions, interventions were deemed possible at 73% to 90% venues according to 644 interviews with venue representatives. Conclusions Venue-based intervention is possible and would reach a spectrum of populations vulnerable to STI/HIV including sex workers, their clients, and other high-risk populations. PMID:18496471

  12. Bio-psycho-social factors affecting sexual self-concept: A systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Potki, Robabeh; Ziaei, Tayebe; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Shahhosseini, Zohreh

    2017-09-01

    Nowadays, it is believed that mental and emotional aspects of sexual well-being are the important aspects of sexual health. Sexual self-concept is a major component of sexual health and the core of sexuality. It is defined as the cognitive perspective concerning the sexual aspects of 'self' and refers to the individual's self-perception as a sexual creature. The aim of this study was to assess the different factors affecting sexual self-concept. English electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar as well as two Iranian databases including Scientific Information Database and Iranmedex were searched for English and Persian-language articles published between 1996 and 2016. Of 281 retrieved articles, 37 articles were finally included for writing this review article. Factors affecting sexual self-concept were categorized to biological, psychological and social factors. In the category of biological factors, age gender, marital status, race, disability and sexual transmitted infections are described. In the psychological category, the impact of body image, sexual abuse in childhood and mental health history are present. Lastly, in the social category, the roles of parents, peers and the media are discussed. As the development of sexual self-concept is influenced by multiple events in individuals' lives, to promotion of sexual self-concept, an integrated implementation of health policies is recommended.

  13. Disparities in Social Health by Sexual Orientation and the Etiologic Role of Self-Reported Discrimination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doyle, David Matthew; Molix, Lisa

    2016-08-01

    Some past work indicates that sexual minorities may experience impairments in social health, or the perceived and actual availability and quality of one's social relationships, relative to heterosexuals; however, research has been limited in many ways. Furthermore, it is important to investigate etiological factors that may be associated with these disparities, such as self-reported discrimination. The current work tested whether sexual minority adults in the United States reported less positive social health (i.e., loneliness, friendship strain, familial strain, and social capital) relative to heterosexuals and whether self-reported discrimination accounted for these disparities. Participants for the current study (N = 579) were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk, including 365 self-identified heterosexuals (105 women) and 214 sexual minorities (103 women). Consistent with hypotheses, sexual minorities reported impaired social health relative to heterosexuals, with divergent patterns emerging by sexual orientation subgroup (which were generally consistent across sexes). Additionally, self-reported discrimination accounted for disparities across three of four indicators of social health. These findings suggest that sexual minorities may face obstacles related to prejudice and discrimination that impair the functioning of their relationships and overall social health. Moreover, because social health is closely related to psychological and physical health, remediating disparities in social relationships may be necessary to address other health disparities based upon sexual orientation. Expanding upon these results, implications for efforts to build resilience among sexual minorities are discussed.

  14. Asian American Women's Retrospective Reports of Their Sexual Socialization

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Janna L.

    2009-01-01

    This study used qualitative research methods to investigate the sexual socialization experiences of young Asian American women, a group often overlooked in psychological research on sexuality. Focus group interviews were conducted with 30 ethnically diverse young Asian American women to explore their perceptions and interpretations of the direct…

  15. Social support relationships for sexual minority women in Mumbai, India: a photo elicitation interview study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bowling, Jessamyn; Dodge, Brian; Banik, Swagata; Bartelt, Elizabeth; Mengle, Shruta; Guerra-Reyes, Lucia; Hensel, Devon; Herbenick, Debby; Anand, Vivek

    2018-02-01

    Little research exists on women who do not identify as heterosexual in India. Social support for sexual minority women may protect against the effects of discrimination. An examination of significant social relationships may point to both strengths and weaknesses in this support. We aimed to understand relationship prioritisation and communication patterns associated with the social support of sexual minority women in Mumbai. In partnership with the Humsafar Trust, India's oldest and largest sexual and gender minority-advocacy organisation, we conducted photo-elicitation interviews with 18 sexual minority women, using participants' photographs to prompt dialogue about their social support. Intimate partners were a source of dependable support and many of those without relationships were seeking them. Participants' extended networks included friends and family as well as less formal relationships of social support. Participants mediated their communication with particular social network members, which involved filtering information sexual identity, romantic interests, and personal aspirations, among others. The diverse relationships that sexual minority women have in their social support networks may be used to guide programmes to improve health outcomes.

  16. Sexual Harassment of Social Workers at Work: Injustice Within?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maypole, Donald E.

    1986-01-01

    Of 50 percent of the members of the Iowa chapter of the National Association of Social Workers, 27 percent of the women and men surveyed reported they had experienced sexual harassment at work. Discusses sources and types of sexual harassment found, as well as recourses taken by those harassed. (Author/ABB)

  17. Shared social and emotional activities within adolescent romantic and non-romantic sexual relationships.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Williams, Lela Rankin; Russell, Stephen T

    2013-05-01

    Typically, "non-romantic" sexual relationships are assumed to be casual; however, the emotional and social distinctions between romantic and non-romantic contexts are not well understood, particularly in adolescence. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was used to compare shared emotional (e.g., telling partner that they love her/him) and social (e.g., going out in a group) activities within romantic and non-romantic sexual relationships. Adolescents who reported exclusively romantic sexual relationships (n = 1,891) shared more emotional, but not social, activities with their partners than adolescents who were in non-romantic sexual relationships (n = 315; small effect size, r = .07-.13), akin to adolescents who experienced both relationship types (n = 519; small-to-medium effect size, r = .18-.38). Girls shared more emotional and social activities with their partners than boys when in romantic relationships (small effect size, r = .06-.10); there were no significant gender differences within non-romantic sexual relationships. Findings suggest that gendered scripts remain for sexual relationships that are romantic but not for those that are non-romantic. Notably, for the majority of adolescents, non-romantic relationships still held many emotional and social dimensions typical of romantic relationships and differences between relationship types were small. Although non-romantic relationships were less intimate than romantic sexual relationships, there was remarkable heterogeneity within this relationship type. Caution is advised when working with adolescents engaged in "casual" sexual relationships. Understanding the complexity of adolescent sexual relationships is critical for the advancement of effective sex education programming.

  18. Social Media Use and Sexual Risk Reduction Behavior Among Minority Youth: Seeking Safe Sex Information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stevens, Robin; Gilliard-Matthews, Stacia; Dunaev, Jamie; Todhunter-Reid, Abigail; Brawner, Bridgette; Stewart, Jennifer

    Sexual health is an important area of study-particularly for minority youth and youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The purpose of the research was to examine the sources of sexual health information associated with youth adopting sexual risk reduction behaviors. Data collection took place in a small city in the Northeastern United States using cross-sectional behavioral surveys and modified venue-based sampling. Participants included 249 African American and Latino youth aged 13-24. Participants reported their sources of information about contraception and human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted disease, such as TV/movies, parents, social media; their intentions to have sex; and condom and contraception use during their last sexual activity. Social media use, past pregnancy experience, past sexual history, age, and gender were also measured. Standard tests of bivariate association (chi-square and F tests) were used to examine initial associations between sexual risk reduction behavior and exposure to sexual risk reduction information on social media. Logistic regression models were used to test multivariate relationships between information sources and sexual risk reduction behavior. Youth who were exposed to sexual health messages on social media were 2.69 times (p < .05) and 2.49 times (p < .08) more likely to have used contraception or a condom at last intercourse, respectively. Parents, schools, or traditional media as information sources were not significantly associated with contractive use or condom use at last intercourse. Youth sexual behavior is increasingly informed by social media messages. Health practitioners should utilize social media as an important health promotion tool.

  19. The HIV Risk Profiles of Latino Sexual Minorities and Transgender Persons Who Use Websites or Apps Designed for Social and Sexual Networking.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Christina J; Reboussin, Beth; Mann, Lilli; Garcia, Manuel; Rhodes, Scott D

    2016-02-01

    The use of websites and GPS-based mobile applications ("apps") designed for social and sexual networking has been associated with increased HIV risk; however, little is known about Latino sexual minorities' and transgender persons' use of these websites and apps and the risk profiles of those who use them compared with those who do not. Data from 167 participants who completed the baseline survey of a community-level HIV prevention intervention, which harnesses the social networks of Latino sexual minorities and transgender persons, were analyzed. One quarter of participants (28.74%, n = 48) reported using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking, and 119 (71.26%) reported not using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking. Those who used websites or apps were younger and reported more male sex partners, a sexually transmitted disease diagnosis, and illicit drug use other than marijuana. HIV prevention interventions for those who use websites or apps should consider addressing these risks for HIV. © 2015 Society for Public Health Education.

  20. Social determinants in the sexual health of adolescent Aboriginal Australians: a systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    MacPhail, Catherine; McKay, Kathy

    2018-03-01

    While research indicates that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents may be at increased risk of some sexually transmitted infections, there is limited information about factors that may place these young people at more risk of adverse sexual health than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Current research has tended to focus on surveillance-type data, but there is an increasing need to understand social determinants of sexual health risk. This systematic review assessed the evidence of social determinants impacting on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents' sexual health in Australia. Published, English-language literature was searched across key databases from 2003 to 2015. Fourteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Findings suggest that social determinants such as access to healthcare, poverty, substance use, educational disadvantage, sociocultural context, gender inequalities, status and identity, and social disadvantage impacted on Indigenous adolescents' sexual behaviours and sexual health risk. Evidence from the literature included in the review suggests that peer education may be an acceptable and appropriate approach for addressing such issues. There remains a need for programmes and services to be community-developed and community-led, thus ensuring cultural appropriateness and relevance. However, there is also a significant need for such programmes to be effectively and rigorously evaluated with data that goes beyond surveillance, and seeks to unpack how sexual norms are experienced by Indigenous adolescents, particularly outside of remote Australia - and how these experiences act as either risk or protective factors to good sexual health and positive social and emotional well-being. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. Child sexual abuse in Zimbabwe: prevention strategies for social ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The sexual abuse of children crosses cultural and economic divides. Sexual abuse can lead to long-lasting, even life-long consequences and is a serious problem on individuals, families and societies. Social workers by nature of their work, intervene at the individual, family and societal level. This paper will explore the ...

  2. Personal and social factors influencing age at first sexual intercourse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosenthal, D A; Smith, A M; de Visser, R

    1999-08-01

    Early initiation of sexual activity is a concern, in part because of increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, and unwanted pregnancies among young people. In this study, 241 high schoolers were administered a questionnaire to establish the relationships between age at first sexual intercourse and personal qualities (sexual style, attractiveness, physical maturity, restraint, autonomy expectations, and attitudes to gender roles), smoking and drug use, and aspects of the social context (social activities, media impact, peer norms). There were few effects of sex of respondent and none in which respondents' sex impacted on age of initiation. Overall (and among the male sample), perceptions of greater physical maturity, greater use of uncommon (mostly illicit) drugs, and expectations of earlier autonomy significantly differentiated between early and later initiators. This group of factors tends to confirm the view that early experience of sexual intercourse is correlated with problem behaviors and a press toward "adult" behaviors. For girls, this pattern was even clearer, with use of uncommon drugs being replaced as a significant contributor to early sexual experience by relative lack of restraint. We conclude that the desire to achieve the transition to adulthood at an earlier age than their peers constitutes a powerful incentive for young people to become sexually active.

  3. Percepção de risco de adolescentes escolares na relação consumo de álcool e comportamento sexual Percepción de riesgo de adolescentes en escuela relacionados con el alcohol y el comportamiento sexual Perception of risk of school adolescents in relation to alcohol consumption and sexual behavior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Jucier Luz Sampaio Filho

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available O uso de álcool tem sido uma das principais causas desencadeadoras de situações de vulnerabilidade na adolescência. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de risco de adolescentes acerca da relação consumo de álcool/comportamento sexual. Os sujeitos foram dez adolescentes entre 14 e 19 anos, estudantes de escola pública em Fortaleza, Ceará. Estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na técnica de Grupo focal, sistematizado por meio de cinco oficinas. Os adolescentes reconhecem o risco entre o consumo de álcool e comportamento sexual, e destacam que o ato de beber facilita as relações entre os pares e apontam a influência da mídia neste processo. Conhecer a percepção dos adolescentes e sua relação com o abuso de álcool e suas conseqüências é relevante para a implementação de políticas de prevenção e combate ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas nesta etapa de crescimento e desenvolvimento.El consumo de alcohol ha sido una las principales causas desencadenantes de situaciones de vulnerabilidad en la adolescencia. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción de riesgo sobre la relación del consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes y el comportamiento sexual. Los sujetos fueron diez adolescentes de 14 y 19 estudiantes en una escuela pública en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, basado en la técnica de grupos focales y sistematizada a través de cinco talleres. Los adolescentes reconocen el riesgo entre el consumo de alcohol y el comportamiento sexual y hacer hincapié en que la bebida facilita las relaciones entre parejas sexuales e indicar la influencia de los medios de comunicación en este proceso. La percepción de los adolescentes y su relación con el abuso del alcohol es particularmente relevante para la aplicación de las políticas para prevenir el consumo de alcohol en esta etapa de crecimiento y desarrollo.Alcohol use has been a major

  4. Comportamiento Sexual y Autoeficacia para la Negociación de Sexo Más Seguro en Personas Heterosexuales

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez-Jiménez, David; Santiago-Rivas, Marimer; Serrano-García, Irma

    2012-01-01

    La autoeficacia se le ha identificado como uno de los factores que puede facilitar o dificultar llevar a cabo sexo más seguro. Estudios revelan que las personas que están el relaciones estables usan métodos de protección menos frecuente que quienes tienen parejas casuales. Realizamos un estudio con 447 personas heterosexuales activas sexualmente. Les administramos un cuestionario dirigido a medir el comportamiento sexual, el uso del condón masculino y la práctica de la masturbación mutua, y la autoeficacia para llevar a cabo estas conductas. Los resultados reflejan que los hombres están más activos sexualmente y que el uso del condón y la práctica de la masturbación mutua como alternativa de sexo más seguro es muy baja. En los casos donde se usa el condón esta práctica es realizada en su mayoría por las personas que se encuentran en una relación de pareja casual. No obstante, los/las participantes tienen altos niveles de autoeficacia hacia ambas prácticas. Aunque la autoeficacia es uno de los factores que incide en decidir llevar a cabo sexo más seguro, ésta no es suficiente para que esta meta se logre. PMID:22837585

  5. Comportamiento Sexual y Autoeficacia para la Negociación de Sexo Más Seguro en Personas Heterosexuales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Pérez-Jiménez

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La autoeficacia se le ha identificado como uno de los factores que puede facilitar o dificultar llevar a cabo sexo más seguro. Estudios revelan que las personas que están el relaciones estables usan métodos de protección menos frecuente que quienes tienen parejas casuales. Realizamos un estudio con 447 personas heterosexuales activas sexualmente. Les administramos un cuestionario dirigido a medir el comportamiento sexual, el uso del condón masculino y la práctica de la masturbación mutua, y la autoeficacia para llevar a cabo estas conductas. Los resultados reflejan que los hombres están más activos sexualmente y que el uso del condón y la práctica de la masturbación mutua como alternativa de sexo más seguro es muy baja. En los casos donde se usa el condón esta práctica es realizada en su mayoría por las personas que se encuentran en una relación de pareja casual. No obstante, los/las participantes tienen altos niveles de autoeficacia hacia ambas prácticas. Aunque la autoeficacia es uno de los factores que incide en decidir llevar a cabo sexo más seguro, ésta no es suficiente para que esta meta se logre.

  6. Differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students in California, United States and Lima, Peru Diferencias y similitudes en el conocimiento, las actitudes y los comportamientos sexuales y de anticoncepción entre estudiantes adolescentes varones latinos en California, Estados Unidos, y en Lima, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús L. Chirinos

    2001-08-01

    Full Text Available To identify the differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students living in California and Lima. Self-administered, anonymous surveys were completed by Latino male students aged 12-19 participating in California, and by male adolescent students in four high schools in Lima. Both surveys contained similar questions allowing for comparisons regarding sexual activity and contraceptive behavior. The mean age of male students were 16 and 15 years, respectively. More California males reported having engaged in sexual intercourse (69% vs 43%. The sexual debut was 13 years in both samples. More students in California were aware of their risk of pregnancy at first sexual intercourse than in Lima (82% vs 50%. One-third of the California males reported communicating with their partner about sex and contraception to be "easy" as compared to 53% of males in Lima. More students in California reported knowing a place to obtain contraceptives if they need them (85% vs 63%, having ever gotten someone pregnant (29% vs 7%, and having fathered a child (67% vs 16%.Identificar las diferencias y similitudes en cuanto a conocimiento, actitudes y comportamientos sexuales y de anticoncepción entre los estudiantes adolescentes latinos que viven en California y en Lima. Estudiantes adolescentes varones latinos de 12-19 años completaron las encuestas anónimas, autoaplicables tanto en California como en cuatro colegios secundarios en Lima. Ambas encuestas contenían preguntas similares con respecto a actividad sexual y comportamiento de anticoncepción. La media de edad fue de 16 y 15 años, respectivamente. Más varones adolescentes en California señalaron haber tenido relaciones coitales (69% vs 43%. Entre éstos, la media de edad de inicio sexual fue de 13 años en ambas muestras. Más estudiantes en California sabian del riesgo de embarazo en la primera relación sexual (82% vs 50%. Un

  7. PERCEPCIÓN DEL RIESGO FRENTE A LAS INFECCIONES DE TRANSMISIÓN SEXUAL DE TRABAJADORAS SEXUALES DE ALGUNOS ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE LA CIUDAD DE MONTERÍA - CÓRDOBA (COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nydia Ninna Valencia Jiménez

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo determinó la percepción que tienen las trabajadoras sexuales de la ciudad de Montería, Córdoba (Colombia frente a los riesgos asociados a las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Es un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 44 trabajadoras sexuales que laboran en algunos establecimientos de la ciudad de Montería. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de una escala tipo Likert en grupos focales cuya interpretación se hizo bajo la perspectiva del Modelo de Creencias de Salud. Las trabajadoras sexuales no creen totalmente que el preservativo es un buen método para prevenir ITS, por lo tanto no lo consideran una buena inversión, sienten temor de llegar a infectarse con una ITS, pero tienen la percepción de poder pagar con sus ingresos actuales los gastos generados por alguna ITS. Predominan sus creencias y representaciones en la adopción de comportamientos de alto riesgo. Se requiere mayor acompañamiento psico-social y sensibilización frente a las ITS.

  8. ¿Galantería o acoso sexual callejero?

    OpenAIRE

    Espinoza Plúa, Marjorie Gabriela

    2014-01-01

    Esta investigación pretende analizar porqué los “piropos”, o en general cualquier acto o expresión de naturaleza sexual dirigida a la mujer mientras ésta hace uso del espacio público, no constituyen “galantería”. Por el contrario, en virtud de su contenido sexual y de las circunstancias de poder que las recubren, se tratan de comportamientos que pueden ser entendidos como acoso sexual callejero. Con ese propósito, en el primer capítulo se realiza un estudio sobre cuestion...

  9. Internalized Stigma among Sexual Minority Adults: Insights from a Social Psychological Perspective

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herek, Gregory M.; Gillis, J. Roy; Cogan, Jeanine C.

    2009-01-01

    This article describes a social psychological framework for understanding sexual stigma, and it reports data on sexual minority individuals' stigma-related experiences. The framework distinguishes between stigma's manifestations in society's institutions ("heterosexism") and among individuals. The latter include "enacted sexual stigma" (overt…

  10. Young people, social media, social network sites and sexual health communication in Australia: ‘this is funny, you should watch it

    OpenAIRE

    Evers, Clifton Westly; Albury, Kath; Byron, Paul; Crawford, Kate

    2013-01-01

    Social media and social network sites (SNS) are an evolving area for sexual health communication with young people. They present opportunities and challenges for sexual health professionals and young people alike, such as learning through interactivity and addressing concerns about privacy. In this article, we present and discuss the findings from six rural and urban focus groups with young people in Australia about the use of social media and SNS for sexual health communication. We discuss a...

  11. Relaciones sexuales en estudiantes de un programa de medicina de la ciudad de Santa Marta (Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Augusto Ceballos Ospino

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: No existe duda en que las relaciones sexuales, sin la debida preparación, en los adolescentes están asociadas a embarazos no planeados y a infecciones de transmisión sexual. A la fecha no se han publicado informes sobre el comportamiento sexual en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Santa Marta. Objetivo: Conocer, de manera descriptiva, el Comportamiento Sexual de los estudiantes de un programa de Medicina de una universidad de la ciudad. Método: Se aplicó una encuesta sobre comportamiento sexual a 250 estudiantes universitarios. El tipo de investigación fue descriptivo transversal. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 138 sujetos femeninos (55.2 % y 112 de sexo masculino (44.8% para un total de 250 estudiantes. Las edades se encontraban entre 16 y 24 años, con un promedio de 18.6 años (DE 1.60. Informaron haber tenido Relaciones Sexuales 114 (45.6% estudiantes. La edad promedio de inicio de haber tenido Relaciones Sexuales fue de 16 años (DE 2.1.De quienes manifiestan haber tenido relaciones sexuales penetrativas, 109 (95.6% informan que lo hicieron con pareja del sexo contrario y 5 (4.4% con pareja del mismo sexo. En los últimos seis meses 73 estudiantes (60% informa haber tenido relaciones cóitales penetrativas y de éstos 62 (54.4% alumnos manifiesta utilizar anticonceptivo actualmente y 52 (45.6% no utiliza método conceptivo alguno a pesar de mantener una vida sexual activa. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el 45.6% de los estudiantes han tenido relaciones sexuales alguna vez en su vida, y este mismo porcentaje se encuentra para la utilización de método anticonceptivo en la primera relación sexual. La edad promedio para el inicio de relación sexual fue de 16 años. El 54.4% de quienes mantienen vida sexual activa utilizan método anticonceptivo y de prevención. (Duazary 2006; 2:110-114

  12. [Vaginal disbacteriosis--social and sexual risk factors].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kovachev, S

    2013-01-01

    The vaginal microbe equilibrium could be impaired by different agents. Many of the risk factors can change the preventive mechanisms of the vagina and can lead to inflammation and disease. We even do not suppose about the role of most of them in impairing of vaginal microbe equilibrium. The exact understanding of those risk factors and mechanisms by which they disturb the vaginal microbe balance could reduce female morbidity of vaginal disbacteriosis and vaginal inflammations. The aim of this literature synopsis is to review some of the most frequent risk factors for vaginal disbacteriosis and about how they change vaginal micro-flora with dominant lactobacillus within it. The most informative and detailed articles on the theme which were found in the resent literature as well as in Medline for the period between 1990 and 2012 were selected. The risk agents for vaginal disbacteriosis are: endogenetic, social, sexual, infectious and iatrogenic. The social and sexual factors are the most frequent in our daily round. The intensity and the kind of sexual life, smoking, homosexual connections, vaginal douching and contraception methods are included in them. All these factors depend on us. Thus we hope that through their popularization and discussion will help to prevent the females' health.

  13. Social media activism and Egyptians' use of social media to combat sexual violence: an HiAP case study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peuchaud, Sheila

    2014-06-01

    This paper represents a case study of how social media activists have harnessed the power of Facebook, Twitter and mobile phone networks to address sexual harassment in Egypt. HarassMap plots reports of sexual harassment on a Google Map and informs victims of support services. Tahrir Bodyguard and Operation Anti-Sexual Harassment (OpAntiSH) protect female protestors who have been vulnerable to sexual aggression at the hands of unruly mobs and by agents of the state. Activists have access to an Android app called 'I'm Getting Arrested' or 'Byt2ebed 3alia' in Egyptian Arabic. The app sends the time and GPS coordinates of an arrest to family, fellow activists, legal counsel and social media outlets. The hope is the initiatives described in this paper could inspire public health ministries and activist NGOs to incorporate crowdsourcing social media applications in the spirit of health in all policies (HiAP). To that end, this paper will begin by defining social media activism from the perspective of the communications discipline. This paper will then demonstrate the significance of sexual harassment as a public health issue, and describe several social media efforts to document incidents and protect victims. The paper will conclude with discussion regarding how these innovations could be integrated into the HiAP approach. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  14. The Association Between Sexual Health and Physical, Mental, and Social Health in Adolescent Women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hensel, Devon J; Nance, Jennifer; Fortenberry, J Dennis

    2016-10-01

    Developmental models link sexual well-being to physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being, yet little empirical literature evaluates these relationships in adolescents. Better understanding of how and when sexuality complements other aspects of health may yield important points to enhance existing health education and prevention efforts. Data were drawn from a 10-year longitudinal cohort study of sexual relationships and sexual behavior among adolescent women (N = 387; 14-17 years at enrollment). Sexual health data were drawn from quarterly partner-specific interviews and were linked to physical, mental/emotional, and social health information in annual questionnaires. Random intercept, mixed effects linear, ordinal logistic, or binary logistic regression were used to estimate the influence of sexual health on health and well-being outcomes (Stata, v.23, StataCorp, College Station, TX). All models controlled for participant age and race/ethnicity. Higher sexual health was significantly associated with less frequent nicotine and substance use, lower self-reported depression, lower thrill seeking, higher self-esteem, having fewer friends who use substances, higher religiosity, better social integration, lower frequency of delinquent behavior and crime, and more frequent community group membership. Sexual health was not associated with the number of friends who used cigarettes. Positive sexually related experiences in romantic relationships during adolescence may complement physical, mental/emotional, and social health. Addressing specific aspects of healthy sexual development during clinical encounters could dually help primary prevention and health education address other common adolescent health issues. Copyright © 2016 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Online Social Networking, Sexual Risk and Protective Behaviors: Considerations for Clinicians and Researchers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Holloway, Ian W; Dunlap, Shannon; Del Pino, Homero E; Hermanstyne, Keith; Pulsipher, Craig; Landovitz, Raphael J

    2014-09-01

    Online social networking refers to the use of internet-based technologies that facilitate connection and communication between users. These platforms may be accessed via computer or mobile device (e.g., tablet, smartphone); communication between users may include linking of profiles, posting of text, photo and video content, instant messaging and email. This review provides an overview of recent research on the relationship between online social networking and sexual risk and protective behaviors with a focus on use of social networking sites (SNS) among young people and populations at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While findings are mixed, the widespread use of SNS for sexual communication and partner seeking presents opportunities for the delivery and evaluation of public health interventions. Results of SNS-based interventions to reduce sexual risk are synthesized in order to offer hands-on advice for clinicians and researchers interested in engaging patients and study participants via online social networking.

  16. Young people's comfort receiving sexual health information via social media and other sources.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lim, Megan Sc; Vella, Alyce; Sacks-Davis, Rachel; Hellard, Margaret E

    2014-12-01

    Social media are growing in popularity and will play a key role in future sexual health promotion initiatives. We asked 620 survey participants aged 16 to 29 years about their time spent using social media and their comfort in receiving information about sexual health via different channels. Median hours per day spent using social network sites was two; 36% spent more than 2 hours per day using social network sites. In multivariable logistic regression, being aged less than 20 years and living in a major city (compared to rural/regional Australia) were associated with use of social media more than 2 hours per day. Most participants reported being comfortable or very comfortable accessing sexual health information from websites (85%), followed by a doctor (81%), school (73%), and the mainstream media (67%). Fewer reported being comfortable getting information from social media; Facebook (52%), apps (51%), SMS (44%), and Twitter (36%). Several health promotion programmes via social media have demonstrated efficacy; however, we have shown that many young people are not comfortable with accessing sexual health information through these channels. Further research is needed to determine how to best take advantage of these novel opportunities for health promotion. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

  17. Sexual Violence through a Social Justice Paradigm: Framing and Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hong, Luoluo; Marine, Susan B.

    2018-01-01

    In this chapter, we explore the factors that support the occurrence of sexual violence, including the role of interlocking systems of oppression. Traditional conceptions of "prevention" are deconstructed, a social justice paradigm for addressing sexual violence is advanced, and examples of how the paradigm can be applied to practice are…

  18. Social differences in sexual behaviour and cervical cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Sanjosé, S; Bosch, F X; Muñoz, N; Shah, K

    1997-01-01

    In this chapter we first describe the variation of cervical cancer in relation to social class. Thereafter we examine the causes for the occurrence of socioeconomic differences in invasive cervical cancer, using data from two case-control studies carried out in Colombia and Spain. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in developing countries and the sixth most common in developed countries. In all areas, it is more frequent among women of low socioeconomic status, it is associated with multiple sexual partners and early age at first sexual intercourse, and both incidence and mortality are reduced by screening. According to population-based surveys in industrialized countries, men of low socioeconomic status report fewer sexual partners than men of high socioeconomic status but there is no clear indication that the same is true of women of low socioeconomic status. In the case-control studies in Spain and Colombia, the human papillomavirus and all other sexually transmitted diseases were more prevalent among women in low socioeconomic strata. Number of sexual partners and particularly contacts with prostitutes were higher among husbands of women of low socioeconomic status. Other potential risk factors for the disease, such as smoking and oral contraceptive use, and also cervical cancer screening (Pap smears), were more common in women of high social strata. Women with no schooling had a threefold higher risk in Spain and a fivefold higher risk in Colombia of having cervical cancer compared with women who had achieved a higher educational level. After adjustment for sexual behaviour, HPV DNA status, history of Pap smears and husband's contact with prostitutes, this association was considerably reduced. These results are indicative that socioeconomic differences in the incidence of cervical cancer can be partly explained by differences in the prevalence of HPV DNA. Men's sexual behaviour and particularly contacts with prostitutes might be a major contributor to

  19. Estudio basal de prevalencia de sífilis y VIH y comportamientos asociados en población privada de libertad, Perú 1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Cárcamo C

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de sífilis y VIH e identificar los comportamientos de riesgo asociados en personas privadas de libertad (PPL. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado durante el año 1999 en 22 establecimientos penitenciarios peruanos. Se realizó RPR para la detección de sífilis (datos ligados y ELISA para tamizaje de VIH (datos no ligados, confirmándose con IFI o Western Blot. Se realizó una encuesta estructurada y se analizaron los datos mediante los programas SPSS 9,0 y AMOS 4. Resultados: Participaron 6963 PPL. La prevalencia de VIH fue 1,1% y de sífilis 4,1%. Los comportamientos de riesgo asociados a VIH más significativos fueron: consumo de drogas (OR:2,7, infecciones de transmisión sexual (OR: 2,3, relaciones sexuales entre hombres (OR: 2,2, uso de cocaína (OR: 2,1, úlcera genital (OR: 2,1, haber sido encarcelado previamente (OR: 2 y tener tatuajes (OR: 1,99. Mientras los asociados a sífilis fueron: tener relaciones sexuales entre hombres OR: (2,8, infecciones de transmisión sexual (OR: 2,4, úlcera genital (OR:1,8, haber tenido relaciones sexuales con trabajadora sexual (OR: 1,5 y tener más de dos parejas sexuales (OR: 1,5. Utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales se asoció VIH con el reporte de tener tatuaje, más de dos parejas sexuales, más de un encarcelamiento previo y úlcera genital. Conclusiones: Se encontraron importantes valores de prevalencia de VIH y sífilis en este grupo de personas, siendo necesario continuar realizando estudios similares que nos permitan conocer las tendencias (vigilancia de segunda generación y conocer el impacto de posibles intervenciones.

  20. Disability and sexuality as right to quality of life aspects view of social workers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asta

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available All people – including young people – are sexual beings, regardless of whether or not they live with physical, mental, or emotional disabilities. And, all people need affection, love and intimacy, acceptance, and companionship. In this light, sex education plays a key role in acknowledging matters related not only with sexual activities, but also contraception, personal hygiene, sexual feelings, sexual education, masturbation, friendship, sex, marriage so as motherhood and parenthood. Without appropriate social skills, people with disabilities may have difficulty making and maintaining relations and feel lonely and ‘different’. Without important sexual health knowledge, people with disabilities may make unwise decisions and/or take sexual health risks. Hence, the key understanding is that everyone, including a person with mental disability, is sexual – and has sexuality related emotions and desires. Several foreign scholars have already emphasized the need of sex education for the people with mental, physical and/or emotional challenges, however Lithuanian scholars seem reluctant to analyse such issues and acknowledge the need of sex education for people with mental disabilities. For the last two decades, there has been more focus to promote healthy lifestyle, which in turn influences the sex education programs. Naturally, people with mental disabilities face different challenges than those without disabilities, because they are less informed about sexuality, have less sexual experience and are more prone to sexual exploitation. Hence, the questions under consideration in this paper remain whether sex education is important and necessary to an individual who has mental disabilities? Should parents be concerned about sex education for their disabled children? How issues on disability and sexuality are addressed in Lithuania and elsewhere? How sexuality is related with the quality of life for people with disabilities? The aim – to

  1. Apoio social e comportamentos de risco na adolescência = Social support and risk behavior in adolescence = Apoyo social y comportamientos de riesgo en la adolescencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alves, Cássia Ferrazza

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available O apoio social tem sido considerado fator de proteção ao engajamento de adolescentes em comportamentos de risco. Este estudo investigou a relação entre apoio social e comportamentos de risco (comportamentos sexual, infracional, suicida e uso de substâncias em 374 adolescentes de Porto Alegre, entre 12 e 18 anos, de escolas públicas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma escala de apoio social e questões que avaliaram comportamentos de risco. Análises foram realizadas com teste t de Student, Correlações de Pearson e Análise de Regressão Múltipla. Os resultados indicaram maior envolvimento em comportamentos de risco em adolescentes mais velhos e diferenças por sexo (meninos envolveram-se mais em comportamento infracional e sexual de risco e as meninas em comportamento suicida. O apoio da família e dos professores esteve associado ao menor envolvimento nesses comportamentos e o apoio dos amigos ao maior engajamento. Estratégias de prevenção e intervenção direcionadas aos jovens devem considerar a influência dessas variáveis na adesão aos comportamentos de risco

  2. Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en chile

    OpenAIRE

    L. Aurelio Salvo, Dr.

    2011-01-01

    Las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) son infecciones causadas por diversos agentes (bacterias, virus, parásitos, protozoos, entre otros) y cuyo mecanismo de transmisión es el contacto sexual: genital, oral o anal, condición que les da su principal característica y que tiene implicancias en la prevención, pues se relaciona directamente con el "comportamiento sexual" del ser humano, y por lo tanto, con un acto de decisión personal. Las ITS son "PROBLEMA DE TODOS" en razón de ser Unive...

  3. Percepción del riesgo frente a las infecciones de transmisión sexual de trabajadoras sexuales de algunos establecimientos de la ciudad de Montería - Córdoba (Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nydia Ninna Valencia Jiménez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo determinó la percepción que tienen las trabajadoras sexuales de la ciudad de Montería, Córdoba (Colombia frente a los riesgos asociados a las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Es un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 44 trabajadoras sexuales que laboran en algunos establecimientos de la ciudad de Montería. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de una escala tipo Likert en grupos focales cuya interpretación se hizo bajo la perspectiva del Modelo de Creencias de Salud. Las trabajadoras sexuales no creen totalmente que el preservativo es un buen método para prevenir ITS, por lo tanto no lo consideran una buena inversión, sienten temor de llegar a infectarse con una ITS, pero tienen la percepción de poder pagar con sus ingresos actuales los gastos generados por alguna ITS. Predominan sus creencias y representaciones en la adopción de comportamientos de alto riesgo. Se requiere mayor acompañamiento psico-social y sensibilización frente a las ITS.

  4. Effectiveness of a Social Change Approach to Sexual Assault Prevention

    Science.gov (United States)

    Edwards, Keith E.

    2009-01-01

    The author examined the impact on resident assistants of a social change approach to sexual assault prevention. The interactive multi-media program focused on engaging men on sexual assault prevention, accurately defining rape for college men and women, identifying aspects of the rape culture in society and on-campus, and empowering college…

  5. Sexual and gender minority's social media user characteristics: Examining preferred health information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Hyojung; Rodgers, Shelly; McElroy, Jane A; Everett, Kevin

    2018-01-01

    The authors examined the influence of social media involvement on health issues in sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Demographic and technological characteristics of social media users and nonusers were identified, and the influence of social media involvement on these factors was assessed for its potential to influence health information needs and preferences. A survey of 2,274 SGM individuals revealed that age, sexual orientation, number of Internet access points, and use of smartphones predicted levels of social media involvement. Results suggest that a broader range of traditional and nontraditional communication channels is needed to meet a diversity of health information needs in SGMs.

  6. [Psycho-social factors of sexual failure among newly married Uyghur young males].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Erkin, Ashim; Hamrajan, Memtili; Kadirjan, Mijit; Adil, Eli; Elijan, Abdureshit; Ibrahim, Ubul; Abdulla, Tursun; Hasanjan, Abdurehim; Turgun, Hekim; Eli, Ablet; Eset, Metmusa

    2016-08-01

    To study the psycho-social risk factors of sexual failure among newly married young males in the Uyghur population. We conducted a paired case control study of 186 newly married Uyghur young males (aged 17-30 [23.4±2.9] yr) with sexual failure and another 186 (aged 18-34 [24.0±3.1] yr) with no such problem as controls. We performed a logistic regression analysis on the possible psycho-social risk factors of this condition. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of sexual failure among the newly married men included personality (OR=0.271, 95% CI 0.176-0.420), income (OR=0.391, 95% CI 0.264-0.580), history of masturbation (OR=0.824, 95% CI 0.710-0.956), premarital sex (OR=0.757, 95% CI 0.677-0.847), sense of obligation (OR=1.756, 95% CI 1.157-2.693), equality of the social status (OR=0.574, 95% CI 0.435-0.756), degree of mutual care (OR=1.605, 95% CI 1.268-2.032), female's psychological obstacle (OR=2.832, 95% CI 1.221-6.569), and religion (OR=0.643, 95% CI 0.472-0.967). There was a statistical significance in the correlation between these factors and sexual failure in the newly married males (all Ppsycho-social factors, which necessitates sexual education among young males and particularly pre-marriage sexual education and psychological guide among both males and females.

  7. Psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation, and sexually transmitted infections among post-deployment veterans who utilize digital social media for sexual partner seeking.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Turban, Jack L; Potenza, Marc N; Hoff, Rani A; Martino, Steve; Kraus, Shane W

    2017-03-01

    Digital social media platforms represent outlets through which individuals may find partners for sexual encounters. Using a sample of US post-deployment military veterans, the current study evaluated the prevalence of digital sex seeking as well as clinical correlates of psychopathology, suicidal ideation, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Using data from a baseline telephone interview and follow-up internet-based survey, we examined the prevalence of sexual partnering via digital social media platforms in a national sample of 283 US combat veterans. Among veterans, 35.5% of men and 8.5% of women reported having used digital social media to meet someone for sex. Individuals who reported having used digital social media to find sexual partners (DSMSP+) as compared to those who did not (DSMSP-) were more likely to be young, male, and in the Marine Corps. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, DSMSP+ status was associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (OR=2.26, p=0.01), insomnia (OR=1.99, p=0.02), depression (OR=1.95, p=0.03), hypersexuality (OR=6.16, pdepression, hypersexuality, suicidal ideation, and STIs suggest that veterans who engage in DSMSP+ behaviors should be particularly thoroughly screened and evaluated for these psychiatric concerns and counseled on the benefits of safe sexual practices. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  8. My space, my body, my sexual subjectivity: social media, sexual practice and parental control among teenage girls in urban Chiang Mai.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fongkaew, Warunee; Fongkaew, Kangwan

    2016-01-01

    This ethnographic study conducted among young women aged 18-21 years in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, explored the parental control mechanisms imposed by Thai middle-class families on the sexuality of their daughters. It addressed the ways in which young women tactically use the social media in order to negotiate the sexual controls they encountered in everyday life. Taking the teenage girls' point of view, this paper argues that, as active agents, young women achieve a certain level of sexual autonomy and construct their own sexual selves in modern northern Thai society, despite their parents' attempts to prevent this. The paper highlights the ways in which social media are used by Thai girls in order to achieve such a goal. Research findings should inform the development of future programmes on sexual health promotion, parental skills and sexual communication between Thai parents and their children.

  9. Influence of Social Settings on Risky Sexual Behavior

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    James B. Hittner

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available This study investigated the relevance of social settings as predictors of risky sexual behavior. In a young adult sample (n = 324, M age = 20.2 years, we examined the association between frequency of attendance at five different settings and frequency of engaging in four risky sexual behaviors (i.e., unprotected intercourse when not drunk or high, unprotected intercourse when drunk or high, casual sex when not drunk or high, casual sex when drunk or high. Predictive associations were examined using negative binomial regression, and all analyses controlled for frequency of recent alcohol use and age at first use of alcohol. Greater attendance at fraternity/sorority parties predicted more frequent intercourse for females in the not drunk or high and drunk or high contexts, and more frequent casual sex for males in the not drunk or high context. Greater attendance at large private parties predicted more frequent intercourse for females in the not drunk or high context. Greater attendance at bars without dance floors predicted more frequent intercourse for males in the drunk or high context. These findings highlight the importance of socializing habits in understanding risky sexual behavior.

  10. Substance use and sexual risk behaviors among Peruvian MSM social media users.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Young, Sean D; Nianogo, Roch A; Chiu, ChingChe J; Menacho, Lucho; Galea, Jerome

    2016-01-01

    Peru is experiencing a concentrated HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM). Substance use (alcohol and drug use) has been found to be associated with HIV-related sexual risk behaviors. A recent surge in the number of social media users in Peru has enabled these technologies to be potential tools for reaching HIV at-risk individuals. This study sought to assess the relationship between substance use and sexual risk behaviors among Peruvian MSM who use social media. A total of 556 Peruvian MSM Facebook users (ages 18-59) were recruited to complete a 92-item survey on demographics, sexual risk behaviors, and substance use. We performed a logistic regression of various sexual risk behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, casual sex) on substance abuse, including alcohol, adjusting for potential covariates. Drinking more than five alcoholic drinks a day in the past three months was associated with an increased odds of having unprotected sex (vaginal and anal) (aOR: 1.52; 95% CL: 1.01, 2.28), casual sex (1.75; 1.17, 2.62), and sex with unknown persons (1.82; 1.23, 2.71). Drug use was not significantly associated with sexual risk behaviors. Among Peruvian MSM social media users, findings suggest that alcohol use was associated with increased HIV-related sexual risk behaviors.

  11. Unravelling current sexual care in chronic kidney disease: perspective of social workers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Ek, Gaby F; Keurhorst, Dirry; Krouwel, Esmée M; Nicolai, Melianthe P J; Den Ouden, Marjolein E M; Elzevier, Henk W; Putter, Hein; Pelger, Rob C M; Den Oudsten, Brenda L

    2018-03-01

    Fifty to eighty percent of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a form of sexual dysfunction (SD), even after renal transplantation. Despite this, inquiring about SD is often not included in the daily practice of renal care providers. This paper explores the perspectives of renal social workers regarding sexual care for patients and evaluates their practice, attitude towards responsibility and knowledge of SD. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 41-item online survey. Seventy-nine members of the Dutch Federation of Social Workers Nephrology. It was revealed that 60% of respondents discussed SD with a fifth of their patients. Frequency of discussion was associated with experience (p = 0.049), knowledge (p = 0.001), supplementary education (p = 0.006), and the availability of protocols on sexual care (p = 0.007). Main barriers towards discussing SD consisted of 'culture and religion' (51.9%), 'language and ethnicity' (49.4%), and 'presence of a third person' (45.6%). Sufficient knowledge of SD was present in 28% of respondents. The responsibility for discussion was 96% nephrologists and 81% social workers. This study provides evidence that a part of Dutch nephrology social workers do not provide sexual care regularly, due to insufficient experience and sexual knowledge, absence of privacy and protocols and barriers based on cultural diversity. According to the respondents the responsibility for this aspect of care should be multidisciplinary. Recommendations include a need for further education on the topic, private opportunities to discuss SD and multidisciplinary guidelines on sexual care. © 2017 European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association.

  12. Sexual Behavior in Male Adolescents with Autism and Its Relation to Social-Sexual Skills in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huwaidi, Mohamed A.; Daghustani, Wid H.

    2013-01-01

    The present study aimed to identify common sexual behavior among adolescents with autism, where parents and teachers of sixty-one male adolescents from twelve to twenty-one years of age were recruited from three cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. They were asked to respond to a sexual behavior questionnaire, and a social-sexual skills…

  13. Social and emotional consequences of refraining from sexual activity among sexually experienced and inexperienced youths in California.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brady, Sonya S; Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie L

    2008-01-01

    We examined the social and emotional consequences among adolescents of refraining from sexual activity (oral or vaginal sex) and whether these consequences differed over time and by gender and sexual experience. Adolescents (N=612; 58% female) recruited from 2 schools were assessed at 4 time points separated by 6-month intervals, beginning in fall of ninth grade. The percentage of adolescents who reported only positive consequences (e.g., they felt responsible, friends were proud) dramatically decreased over time, whereas the percentage that reported negative consequences (e.g., they felt left out, partners became angry) steadily increased. Adolescent girls and sexually experienced adolescents were more likely to report both positive and negative consequences than were adolescent boys and sexually inexperienced adolescents. Adolescents who began the study with sexual experience were more likely to report positive consequences of refraining from sexual activity by the end of the study than those who initiated sexual activity later. Sexual education programs should address how adolescents can cope with or prevent negative consequences of refraining from sexual activity, so that decisions to abstain are rewarding and decisions to engage in sexual activity are motivated by maturity and readiness.

  14. Identificación y síntesis de las pirazinas de la fermona sexual de Toxotrypana curvicauda (Diptera:Tephritidae)

    OpenAIRE

    Vega Petlacalco, Maritza

    2013-01-01

    En los tefrítidos el comportamiento de cortejo, cópula y oviposición se da en respuesta a estímulos químicos, visuales y auditivos principalmente. Las feromonas sexuales son señales químicas que median el comportamiento sexual de los insectos y tienen una composición y proporción de componentes específica. Las feromonas de los tefrítidos se caracterizan por tener más de un componente, en T. curvicauda se habian reportado dos componentes la 2-etenil-6-metilpirazina (2em) y una etenil-dimetilpi...

  15. Variables contextuales y personales que inciden en el comportamiento violento del niño

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    Antonia Pelegrín

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available La conducta agresiva de los niños, niñas y adolescentes se encuentra favorecida por una serie de variables de riesgo, denominadas también variables predictoras. La acumulación de estas variables, a lo largo de la historia de desarrollo del niño, puede predisponerle a un patrón de comportamiento más agresivo que le dificulte la adaptación a su entorno social, familiar y escolar. Las variables implicadas en la manifestación de la conducta agresiva del niño pueden ser múltiples y se clasifican en personales, familiares, escolares y ambientales. Así, nuestro propósito ha sido comprobar la implicación de algunas variables en el desarrollo de un comportamiento más agresivo, violento y potencialmente antisocial y delictivo en los jóvenes. Para ello, los resultados que presentamos, han sido elaborados a partir de un trabajo de investigación más amplio, cuya muestra se encuentra representada por 1.800 alumnos/as de diferentes municipios de la Región de Murcia, con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 11 y 16 años. Entre los resultados más destacados, obtenemos que determinadas variables personales, sociales y educativas, parecen favorecer un comportamiento antisocial y delictivo en los jóvenes.

  16. Propiedades psicom??tricas de la versi??n espa??ola de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS)

    OpenAIRE

    Sierra Freire, Juan Carlos; Vallejo-Medina, Pablo; Santos-Iglesias, Pablo

    2011-01-01

    La asertividad sexual se refiere a la capacidad de las personas para iniciar la actividad sexual, rechazar la actividad sexual no deseada y emplear m??todos anticonceptivos, desarrollando comportamientos saluda- bles. La Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS) es una escala de 18 ??tems que eval??a tres dimensiones: Inicio, Rechazo y Prevenci??n Embarazo-ETS (E-ETS). En este estudio 853 personas contestaron la SAS, junto a una bater??a de ins- trumentos afines. La puntuaci??n media de los ??tems ha ...

  17. Representaciones sociales sobre afrodescendientes: la aventura cultural, la violencia sexual-género y luchas multidimensionales

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    Yeison Arcadio Meneses Copete

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The women and men of African descent are represented socially as "objects of cultural adventure". There is a brand that uses gender and sexual-based violence exacerbated by the racialization of the body. it represents, objectifies and "cloisters" women of African descent into the categories of "hot bodies", "gusty", "strong": chained bodies. since social representations shape human behavior and social practices, the discourses and imaginaries of men and women of African descent generate the "disposal" of the relations that they establish with mestizos and other human groups, including their co-ethnic bonds. similarly, these representations make them more prone to sexual violence. For men, there is a continuity in the discourse of "virile male" that "discards", "objectifies" and, in turn, preforms a construction of masculinity, sexuality, sexual identity and the relationship with other sexualities. such representations lead men and women to avoid being affectionate and close in their interactions with the same sex, with their couples and in their social and family relationships.

  18. Female social response to male sexual harassment in poeciliid fish: a comparison of six species

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dadda, Marco

    2015-01-01

    Sexual harassment is common among poeciliid fish. In some fishes, males show a high frequency of sneak copulation; such sexual activity is costly to the females in terms of foraging efficiency. In mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), when males are present, the distance between females tends to decrease, and this behavior has been interpreted as an adaptive strategy to dilute the costs of male sexual activity. In this study, the tendency to reduce distance in the presence of a male has been investigated in females of six poeciliid species (Girardinus metallicus, Girardinus falcatus, G. holbrooki, Poecilia reticulata, Xiphophorus hellerii, and Xiphophorus mayae) that exhibit different male mating strategies and different levels of sexual activity. Results revealed large interspecific differences in the pattern of female aggregation. Females of species with a high frequency of sneak copulations tended to reduce their social distance in the presence of a male. By contrast, species that rely mainly on courtship showed little or no variation in social distance. The proportion of sneak copulations predicts the degree of variation in female social response, but the amount of total sexual activity does not, suggesting that the change in females' social distance when a male is present may indeed serve to reduce the costs of male sexual harassment. PMID:26483719

  19. Female social response to male sexual harassment in poeciliid fish: A comparison of six species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco eDadda

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Sexual harassment is common among poeciliid fish. In some fishes, males show a high frequency of sneak copulation; such sexual activity is costly to the females in terms of foraging efficiency. In mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki, when males are present, the distance between females tends to decrease, and this behavior has been interpreted as an adaptive strategy to dilute the costs of male sexual activity. In this study, the tendency to reduce distance in the presence of a male has been investigated in females of 6 poeciliid species (Girardinus metallicus, Girardinus falcatus, Gambusia holbrooki, Poecilia reticulata, Xiphophorus hellerii and Xiphophorus mayae that exhibit different male mating strategies and different levels of sexual activity. Results revealed large interspecific differences in the pattern of female aggregation. Females of species with a high frequency of sneak copulations tended to reduce their social distance in the presence of a male. By contrast, species that rely mainly on courtship showed little or no variation in social distance. The proportion of sneak copulations predicts the degree of variation in female social response, but the amount of total sexual activity does not, suggesting that the change in females’ social distance when a male is present may indeed serve to reduce the costs of male sexual harassment.

  20. Female social response to male sexual harassment in poeciliid fish: a comparison of six species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dadda, Marco

    2015-01-01

    Sexual harassment is common among poeciliid fish. In some fishes, males show a high frequency of sneak copulation; such sexual activity is costly to the females in terms of foraging efficiency. In mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), when males are present, the distance between females tends to decrease, and this behavior has been interpreted as an adaptive strategy to dilute the costs of male sexual activity. In this study, the tendency to reduce distance in the presence of a male has been investigated in females of six poeciliid species (Girardinus metallicus, Girardinus falcatus, G. holbrooki, Poecilia reticulata, Xiphophorus hellerii, and Xiphophorus mayae) that exhibit different male mating strategies and different levels of sexual activity. Results revealed large interspecific differences in the pattern of female aggregation. Females of species with a high frequency of sneak copulations tended to reduce their social distance in the presence of a male. By contrast, species that rely mainly on courtship showed little or no variation in social distance. The proportion of sneak copulations predicts the degree of variation in female social response, but the amount of total sexual activity does not, suggesting that the change in females' social distance when a male is present may indeed serve to reduce the costs of male sexual harassment.

  1. CONDUCTAS SEXUALES EN EL COTIDIANO DE ADOLESCENTES Y JÓ VENES DE LA CULTURA HIP HOP

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    Maria Angeles Garcia-Carpintero Muñoz

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal realizado en dos series consecutivas, correspondientes a 2007 (S1 y 2008 (S2, que comprende 350 personas, entre 15-29 años, con objetivo de conocer el perfil de los adolescentes y jóvenes en la cultura hip hop de Sevilla, España, detectar comportamientos sexuales de riesgo en la vida cotidiana. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de cuestionario autoaplicado con análisis estadístico. Población sexualmente activa (91%, iniciando sus experiencias sexuales antes de 16,5 años. La mayoría reportes heterosexualidad, usa anticonceptivos. Se concluye que la imagen de este colectivo se une a los estereotipos masculinos viriles, constituyendo el imaginario diario del grupo. Es necesario intervenciones directas para la promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades, antes de la adolescencia, de servicios de salud, la familia y la escuela, que implica la educación sexual y el amor, teniendo en cuenta el imaginario social y lo cotidiano.

  2. Social Media in the Sexual Lives of African American and Latino Youth: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Neighborhood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robin Stevens

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available There has been significant interest in the role of social media in the lives of adolescents, particularly as it relates to sexual risk. Researchers have focused on understanding usage behaviors, quantifying effects of social media exposure and activity, and using social media to intervene. Much of this work has focused on college students and non-minority youth. In this paper, we examine the growing body of literature around social media use among US minority youth and its intersection with sexual risk behavior. We introduce the concept of the “digital neighborhood” and examine the intersection of social media and sexual health in two domains: 1 sexual content in social media and 2 evidence of social media effects on sexual behavior. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for researchers and practitioners engaging youth of color.

  3. [Migrants' female partners: social image and the search for sexual and reproductive health services].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ochoa-Marín, Sandra C; Cristancho-Marulanda, Sergio; González-López, José Rafael

    2011-04-01

    Analysing the self-image and social image of migrants' female partners (MFP) and their relationship with the search for sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in communities having a high US migratory intensity index. 60 MFP were subjected to in-depth interviews between October 2004 and May 2005 and 19 semi-structured interviews were held with members of their families, 14 representatives from social organisations, 10 health service representatives and 31 men and women residing in the community. MFP self-image and social image regards women as being "vulnerable", "alone", "lacking sexual partner" and thus being sexually inactive. Consequently, "they must not contract sexually-transmitted diseases (STD), use contraceptives or become pregnant" when their partners are in the USA. The search for SRHS services was found to be related to self-image, social image and the notion of family or social control predominated in the behaviour expected for these women which, in turn, was related to conditions regarding their coexistence (or not) with their families. MFP living with their family or their partner's family were subject to greater "family" control in their search for SRHS services. On the contrary, MFP living alone were subjected to greater "social" control over such process. Sexuallyinactive women's self-image and social image seems to have a bearing on such women's social behaviour and could become an obstacle to the timely search for SRHS services in communities having high migratory intensity.

  4. Parental Rejection Following Sexual Orientation Disclosure: Impact on Internalized Homophobia, Social Support, and Mental Health.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Puckett, Julia A; Woodward, Eva N; Mereish, Ethan H; Pantalone, David W

    2015-09-01

    Sexual minority individuals face unique stressors because of their sexual identity. We explored associations between parental reactions to children's coming out, internalized homophobia (IH), social support, and mental health in a sample of 257 sexual minority adults. Path analyses revealed that higher IH and lower social support mediated the association between past parental rejection and current psychological distress. Mental health providers may benefit clients by utilizing interventions that challenge internalized stereotypes about homosexuality, increase social support, and process parental rejection, as well as focusing on how certain crucial experiences of rejection may impact clients' IH and mental health.

  5. Biological and social aspects of human sexual orientation: chemocommunicative hypothesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eugene V. Daev

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Failure to understand the role of biological and social factors in the formation of some socially important traits in humans can lead to the appearance of undue tension in interpersonal relationships. This is due to a distorted perception of man often unreliable information, its ambiguity due to the uncertainty of the terminology used and, as a consequence, the impossibility of its correct analysis. Using of term “sexual orientation” shows as a genetic understanding of the trait’s formation and data on sex formation control mechanisms may clarify and complement our knowledge on the subject. Under the theme chemocommunicative model is considered and its contribution to the formation of “sexual orientation” in humans.

  6. La actualidad de los clásicos y las teorías del comportamiento colectivo

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    ENRIQUE LARAÑA

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available Una idea central en este trabajo es que en las teorías contemporáneas sobre los movimientos sociales se está produciendo un proceso de convergencia entre supuestos de la tradición interaccionista del comportamiento colectivo y las teorías constructivistas que se desarrollan en Europa y Estados Unidos desde hace diez años. La continuidad entre estos enfoques se considera que es consecuencia de la vigencia que siguen teniendo algunos supuestos formulados por el primero que plantean cuestiones básicas para la sociedad occidental, como el significado social de las formas de participación en la vida pública, la importancia de los movimientos sociales en los procesos de definición colectiva de los problemas sociales y los aspectos de desidentificación individual asociados a la modernización. Otros elementos aquí analizados para explicar la persistencia de esta aproximación clásica en la investigación de los movimientos sociales son el énfasis en su reflexibilidad y en sus elementos dramatúrgicos y su capacidad para revisar algunos supuestos que constituyeron elementos de sesgo hace treinta años, como la contraposición entre comportamiento colectivo y organización social, que subyace a la concepción del primero como "desviado" e irracional.

  7. Community social capital on the timing of sexual debut and teen birth in Nicaragua: a multilevel approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mendez Rojas, Bomar; Beogo, Idrissa; Owili, Patrick Opiyo; Adesanya, Oluwafunmilade; Chen, Chuan-Yu

    2016-09-15

    Community attributes have been gradually recognized as critical determinants shaping sexual behaviors in young population; nevertheless, most of the published studies were conducted in high income countries. The study aims to examine the association between community social capital with the time to sexual onset and to first birth in Central America. Building upon the 2011/12 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Nicaragua, we identified a sample of 2766 community-dwelling female adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Multilevel survival analyses were performed to estimate the risks linked with three domains of community social capital (i.e., norms, resource and social network). Higher prevalence of female sexual debut (norms) and higher proportion of secondary school or higher education (resource) in the community are associated with an earlier age of sexual debut by 47 % (p teen birth (p teen childbearing (p teen-onset sex and birth. The norm and resource aspects of social capital appeared differentially associated with adolescent sexual and reproductive behaviors. Interventions aiming to tackle unfavorable sexual and reproductive outcomes in young people should be devised and implemented with integration of social process.

  8. "Get Lucky!" Sexual Content in Music Lyrics, Videos and Social Media and Sexual Cognitions and Risk among Emerging Adults in the USA and Australia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wright, Chrysalis L.; Rubin, Mark

    2017-01-01

    This study examined the relationship between sexual content in music and sexual cognitions and risk among emerging adults in the USA and Australia. Music content was examined via lyrics, videos and social media. It was hypothesised that there would be a positive association between sexual content in music and sexual cognitions and risk. Sexual…

  9. Using Facebook for Sexual Health Social Marketing in Conservative Asian Countries: A Systematic Examination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khawaja, Zain-Ul-Abdin; Ali, Khudejah Iqbal; Khan, Shanze

    2017-02-01

    Social marketing related to sexual health is a problematic task, especially in religiously and/or culturally conservative countries. Social media presents a possible alternative channel for sexual health efforts to disseminate information and engage new users. In an effort to understand how well sexual health campaigns and organizations have leveraged this opportunity, this study presents a systematic examination of ongoing Facebook-based sexual health efforts in conservative Asian countries. It was discovered that out of hundreds of sexual health organizations identified in the region, less than half had created a Facebook page. Of those that had, only 31 were found to have posted sexual health-relevant content at least once a month. Many of these 31 organizations were also unsuccessful in maintaining regular official and user activity on their page. In order to assess the quality of the Facebook pages as Web-based information resources, the sexual health-related official activity on each page was analyzed for information (a) value, (b) reliability, (c) currency, and (d) system accessibility. User responsiveness to official posts on the pages was also used to discuss the potential of Facebook as a sexual health information delivery platform.

  10. Percepciones de comportamientos parentales de jóvenes indígenas mexicanos

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    Rosario Esteinou Madrid

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo presenta algunos resultados sobre algunas de las ten- dencias que se muestran hoy en día en torno a los comportamientos paren- tales en el proceso de socialización y de educación de sus hijos adolescentes. La información que se expone procede de una investigación que se realizó sobre la educación parental y la competencia social de los jóvenes en tres estados con alta concentración de población indígena. Para tal efecto, se levantó una encuesta en una muestra de 450 adolescentes indígenas de los estados de Chiapas, Yucatán y Oaxaca. En particular se analizan, a partir de las percepciones de los adolescentes, algunos comportamientos de padres y madres referentes a dos dimensiones: una, relacionada con el apoyo, la pro- tección y la promoción de comportamientos prosociales en los adolescentes; y otra referida a distintas formas en que se ejerce el control (monitoreo, permisividad, rechazo, inducción de culpa, y punitividad. De acuerdo a dichas percepciones, el principal resultado obtenido establece que los com- portamientos de los padres indígenas se asemeja al estilo autoritario.

  11. Pressão social do grupo de pares na iniciação sexual de adolescentes Presión social del grupo de pares en la iniciación sexual de adolescentes Peer social pressure on the sexual debut of adolescents

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    Ana Luiza Vilela Borges

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Dado que a literatura enfatiza a estreita relação entre o início da vida sexual e a pressão exercida pelos pares, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença da pressão social na iniciação sexual de adolescentes, com base nos relacionamentos com o grupo de iguais. Participaram 363 pessoas, com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, compreendendo uma amostra representativa dos adolescentes cadastrados em uma unidade do Programa de Saúde da Família da cidade de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado e auto-aplicado. Os resultados mostraram associação entre a iniciação sexual e idade, já ter ficado com alguém sem vontade, ter a maior parte dos amigos com experiência sexual e estar namorando, o que revelou indícios de que os pares parecem exercer certa influência na opção pela iniciação sexual.Considerando que la literatura enfatiza la estrecha relación entre el inicio de la vida sexual y la presión ejercida por los pares, fue realizada una investigación para identificar la presencia de la presión social para la iniciación sexual de adolescentes, a partir de relacionamientos con su grupo de pares. Participaran 363 individuos, con edad entre 15 y 19 años, una muestra fue representativa de los adolescentes registrados en una unidad del Programa de Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de São Paulo. Fue utilizado cuestionario estructurado y auto-aplicado. Los resultados mostraron asociación entre la iniciación sexual y la edad, ya haber estado con alguien sin voluntad, tener amigos, en su mayoría con experiencia sexual y estar enamorando, lo que revela indicios de que los pares parecen ejercer cierta influencia para optar por la iniciación sexual.Considering that scientific articles have emphasized the link between the onset of sexual life and peer pressure, the aim of this study was to identify peer pressure in the adolescents' sexual initiation from the point of view of their relationship with the group of

  12. [Social transformation of sexuality in the past decades. An overview].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sigusch, V

    2000-03-01

    The societies of the Western world have witnessed a tremendous cultural and social transformation of sexuality during the eighties and nineties, a process Sigusch refers to as "the neosexual revolution". Up to now, this transformation and reassessment of sexuality has proceeded rather slowly and quietly. Yet both its real and its symbolic effects may indeed be more consequential that those brought about in the course of the rapid, noisy sexual revolution of the sixties and seventies. The neosexual revolution is dismantling the old patterns of sexuality and reassembling them anew. In the process, dimensions, intimate relationships, preferences and sexual fragments emerge, many of which had submerged, were unnamed or simply did not exist before. In general, sexuality has lost much of its symbolic meaning as a cultural phenomenon. Sexuality is no longer the great metaphor for pleasure and happiness, nor is it so greatly overestimated as it was during the sexual revolution. It is now widely taken for granted, much like egotism or motility. Whereas sex was once mystified in a positive sense--as ecstasy and transgression, it has now taken on a negative mystification characterized by abuse, violence and deadly infection. While the old sexuality was based primarily upon sexual instinct, orgasm and the heterosexual couple, neosexualities revolve predominantly around gender difference, thrills, self-gratification and prosthetic substitution. From the vast number of interrelated processes from which neosexualities emerge, three phenomena have been selected for discussion here: the dissociation of the sexual sphere, the dispersion of sexual fragments and the diversification of sexual relationships. The outcome of the neosexual revolution could be described as self-disciplined and self-optimized "self-sex".

  13. Exploring Social Sexual Scripts Related to Oral Sex: A Profile of College Student Perceptions

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    Dotson-Blake, Kylie P.; Knox, David; Zusman, Marty E.

    2012-01-01

    Despite growing attention to the subject, a dearth of information exists regarding college students' perceptions and process of meaning-making related to the act of oral sex. Such perspectives and allied social sexual scripts can have considerable consequences on the sexuality and sexual health of older teens and college-aged populations. The…

  14. Comportamiento en torno a la reproducción en la adolescencia. Acercamiento a sus condicionantes.

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    Livia Quintana Llanio

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Cuba ha desarrollado políticas y programas sociales con impacto positivo en la disminución de la maternidad adolescente; no obstante, la atención a esta problemática continúa siendo un reto para el Estado cubano, teniendo en cuenta la tendencia creciente en las tasas específicas de fecundidad en estas edades y su comportamiento desigual en los diferentes territorios del país. Este estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, utilizó una muestra de sujetos tipo y expertos en los municipios Guamá y Tercer Frente de Santiago de Cuba; Manzanillo y Jiguaní, de Granma, y San Miguel del Padrón, en La Habana. Los resultados encontrados señalaron que las inequidades de género están en la base de muchos de los embarazos en las adolescentes que continúan sus gestaciones, desde la iniciación en las relaciones sexuales, sin un proceso de negociación previa, ni de las condiciones en que se producen, en las que tampoco suelen pactar el uso de métodos de protección con los compañeros sexuales. Se apreció que reproducen creencias erróneas en torno a la sexualidad, a la reproducción y a la parentalidad, sustentadas en concepciones patriarcales. El patrón de reproducción familiar temprano es también un denominador común en las adolescentes que emprenden el camino de la maternidad en estos territorios. Es la familia el grupo primario en que se deposita la función de protección social ante el embarazo en la adolescencia. Sin embargo, las condiciones para asumir este proceso requieren de estrategias que involucren, además, activamente a la comunidad y a las localidades en estrecha interconexión. Abstract Cuba has developed politics and social programs with a positive impact in the teenager maternity decrease; however, the attention to this problem continues to be a challenge for the Cuban State, taking into account the growing trend on specific rates of fertility in these ages and its unequal behavior in different territories of the country. This

  15. Assault-related shame mediates the association between negative social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and psychological distress.

    Science.gov (United States)

    DeCou, Christopher R; Cole, Trevor T; Lynch, Shannon M; Wong, Maria M; Matthews, Kathleen C

    2017-03-01

    Several studies have identified associations between social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and psychological distress; however, no studies have evaluated shame as a mediator of this association. This study evaluated assault-related shame as a mediator of the associations between negative social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and global distress and hypothesized that there would be an indirect effect of social reactions to disclosure upon symptoms of psychopathology via assault-related shame. Participants were 207 female psychology undergraduates who reported past history of completed or attempted sexual assault and had disclosed the assault to at least 1 other person. Participants completed self-report measures of social reactions to sexual assault disclosure, assault-related shame, and symptoms of psychopathology. Participants reported significant histories of attempted or completed sexual assault and indicated clinically significant symptoms of depression and subthreshold symptoms of PTSD and global distress, on average. Evaluation of structural models confirmed the hypothesized indirect effect of negative social reactions to sexual assault disclosure upon symptoms of PTSD (z = 5.85, p distress (z = 4.82, p disclosure among survivors of attempted or completed sexual assault. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  16. A construção social e política pela não-discriminação por orientação sexual The social and political construction of the non-discrimination based on sexual orientation

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    Fernando Rodrigues Silva

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo busca apontar e compreender, no contexto brasileiro, a construção de uma rede social, política e jurídica de combate à discriminação por orientação sexual. Para tanto, vale-se de uma abordagem genealógica das condições de possibilidade para a emergência da discriminação por orientação sexual como questão social, bem como para a criação de instrumentos jurídicos e sociais de enfrentamento e ações afirmativas pela liberdade de expressão sexual. Consideram-se como aspectos importantes nesse processo a atuação dos movimentos sociais contra a discriminação de gênero e sexo; a dimensão da saúde, sobretudo no que diz respeito à epidemia da Aids nos anos 80; e a resposta do Estado frente a esse contexto.This paper seeks to understand, in the Brazilian context, the construction of a social, political and juridical network aimed to fight discrimination linked to sexual orientation. To do so, we used a genealogical approach to define the conditions of possibility to the emergence of sexual orientation discrimination as a social issue, as well as the creation of social and legal instruments and affirmative actions to ensure freedom of sexual expression. We consider as important aspects in this process the role of social movements against gender discrimination, the health dimension concerning aids epidemic in the 1980's and the government response to it.

  17. The Role of Social Connectedness and Sexual Orientation in the Prevention of Youth Suicide Ideation and Attempts Among Sexually Active Adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stone, Deborah M; Luo, Feijun; Lippy, Caroline; McIntosh, Wendy LiKamWa

    2015-08-01

    The impact of types of social connectedness-family, other adult, and school-on suicide ideation and attempts among all youth, the relative impact of each type, and effect modification by sexual orientation was assessed. Data were from the 2007-2009 Milwaukee Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Multivariable logistic regression analyses calculated the risk of suicide ideation and attempts by sexual orientation, types of social connectedness, and their interaction. Among all youth, each type of connectedness modeled singly conferred protective effects for suicide ideation. Family and other adult connectedness protected against suicide attempts. When modeled simultaneously, family connectedness protected against ideation and attempts. Sexual orientation modified the association between other adult connectedness and suicide ideation. Findings suggest that family connectedness confers the most consistent protection among all youth and sexual orientation does not generally modify the association between connectedness and suicidal behavior. © Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

  18. Social Service Professionals' Perceptions of Nonoffending Caregivers in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wolfteich, Paula M.; Cline, Monica L.

    2013-01-01

    This study was designed to assess social service workers' perceptions of nonoffending caregivers in cases of child sexual abuse. Attributions of blame were examined by administering questionnaires to staff at local social service agencies. It was hypothesized that social service workers who worked in the field longer, were male, or had less…

  19. Middle school sexual harassment, violence and social networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mumford, Elizabeth A; Okamoto, Janet; Taylor, Bruce G; Stein, Nan

    2013-11-01

    To pilot a study of social networks informing contextual analyses of sexual harassment and peer violence (SH/PV). Seventh and 8th grade students (N = 113) in an urban middle school were surveyed via a Web-based instrument. Boys and girls reported SH/PV victimization and perpetration at comparable rates. The proportion of nominated friends who reported SH/ PV outcomes was greater in boys' than in girls' social networks. Structural descriptors of social networks were not significant predictors of SH/PV outcomes. Collection of sensitive relationship data via a school-based Web survey is feasible. Full-scale studies and greater flexibility regarding the number of friendship nominations are recommended for subsequent investigations of potential sex differences.

  20. Sexpectations: male college students' views about displayed sexual references on females' social networking web sites.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moreno, Megan A; Swanson, Michael J; Royer, Heather; Roberts, Linda J

    2011-04-01

    Sexual reference display on a social networking web site (SNS) is associated with self-reported sexual intention; females are more likely to display sexually explicit content on SNSs. The purpose of this study was to investigate male college students' views towards sexual references displayed on publicly available SNSs by females. Focus groups. One large state university. Male college students age 18-23. All tape recorded discussion was fully transcribed, then discussed to determine thematic consensus. A trained male facilitator asked participants about views on sexual references displayed on SNSs by female peers and showed examples of sexual references from female's SNS profiles to facilitate discussion. A total of 28 heterosexual male participants participated in seven focus groups. Nearly all participants reported using Facebook to evaluate potential female partners. Three themes emerged from our data. First, participants reported that displays of sexual references on social networking web sites increased sexual expectations. Second, sexual reference display decreased interest in pursuing a dating relationship. Third, SNS data was acknowledged as imperfect but valuable. Females who display sexual references on publicly available SNS profiles may be influencing potential partners' sexual expectations and dating intentions. Future research should examine females' motivations and beliefs about displaying such references and educate women about the potential impact of these sexual displays. Copyright © 2011 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Sexual and social competition: broadening perspectives by defining female roles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rubenstein, Dustin R

    2012-08-19

    Males figured more prominently than females in Darwin's view of sexual selection. He considered female choice of secondary importance to male-male competition as a mechanism to explain the evolution of male ornaments and armaments. Fisher later demonstrated the importance of female choice in driving male trait evolution, but his ideas were largely ignored for decades. As sexual selection came to embrace the notions of parent-offspring and sexual conflict, and experimental tests of female choice showed promise, females began to feature more prominently in the framework of sexual selection theory. Recent debate over this theory has centred around the role of females, not only over the question of choice, but also over female-female competition. Whereas some have called for expanding the sexual selection framework to encompass all forms of female-female competition, others have called for subsuming sexual selection within a broader framework of social selection, or replacing it altogether. Still others have argued for linking sexual selection more clearly to other evolutionary theories such as kin selection. Rather than simply debating terminology, we must take a broader view of the general processes that lead to trait evolution in both sexes by clearly defining the roles that females play in the process, and by focusing on intra- and inter-sexual interactions in males and females.

  2. Male sexual harassment alters female social behaviour towards other females.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Darden, Safi K; Watts, Lauren

    2012-04-23

    Male harassment of females to gain mating opportunities is a consequence of an evolutionary conflict of interest between the sexes over reproduction and is common among sexually reproducing species. Male Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata spend a large proportion of their time harassing females for copulations and their presence in female social groups has been shown to disrupt female-female social networks and the propensity for females to develop social recognition based on familiarity. In this study, we investigate the behavioural mechanisms that may lead to this disruption of female sociality. Using two experiments, we test the hypothesis that male presence will directly affect social behaviours expressed by females towards other females in the population. In experiment one, we tested for an effect of male presence on female shoaling behaviour and found that, in the presence of a free-swimming male guppy, females spent shorter amounts of time with other females than when in the presence of a free-swimming female guppy. In experiment two, we tested for an effect of male presence on the incidence of aggressive behaviour among female guppies. When males were present in a shoal, females exhibited increased levels of overall aggression towards other females compared with female only shoals. Our work provides direct evidence that the presence of sexually harassing males alters female-female social behaviour, an effect that we expect will be recurrent across taxonomic groups.

  3. The educative relationship in primary school: aggressive tendencies and pro-social behaviour La relación educativa en la escuela primaria: tendencias agresivas y comportamientos prosociales.

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    Claudio Longobardi

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available

    The general objective of this work is to analyze how pupils’ aggressive tendencies and pro-social behaviour can influence the perception of a given educative relationship, both from the point of view of the pupil and of the teacher. This study shall focus particularly on aggressive tendencies and pro-social behaviour envisaged as indicators of social adaptation’s capability. The research has been conducted on a sample of 249 pupils and 30 teachers, belonging to 15 primary school classes in the province of Turin. Both teachers and pupils agree that children with difficulties of social adaptation appear to maintain less positive relationships: their lower pro-social behaviour matches lack of closeness in relationships and the increase of affective distance within them. Moreover, augmented aggressive tendencies have been discovered among pupils with higher levels of conflict. This research shall highlight how the social and anti-social modalities of interaction of a child may influence a teacher’s perception of their relationship, much more than the pupil’s evaluation of his or hers cognitive abilities. For what concerns the association between relationship and capability of adaptation, it shall be first shown how the pupil tends to view himself or herself as a more or less pro-social and antisocial individual; then, how such perception influences the pupil’s connection with the teacher. At the same time, it shall be given evidence of how the teacher tends to judge the bond with a pupil on the basis of the mental image he or she has created of the child and of which the child may not be entirely aware.

    Key words: Educative relationship, teacher-pupil, aggressiveness, pro-social behaviour.

    El objetivo general del trabajo es el de estudiar la influencia que la tendencia agresiva y el comportamiento prosocial del alumno, considerados como indicadores de la capacidad de adaptación social, pueden ejercitar sobre la percepci

  4. Regret Expression and Social Learning Increases Delay to Sexual Gratification.

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    Amanda J Quisenberry

    Full Text Available Modification and prevention of risky sexual behavior is important to individuals' health and public health policy. This study employed a novel sexual discounting task to elucidate the effects of social learning and regret expression on delay to sexual gratification in a behavioral task.Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers were assigned to hear one of three scenarios about a friend who engages in similar sexual behavior. The scenarios included a positive health consequence, a negative health consequence or a negative health consequence with the expression of regret. After reading one scenario, participants were asked to select from 60 images, those with whom they would have casual sex. Of the selected images, participants chose one image each for the person they most and least want to have sex with and person most and least likely to have a sexually transmitted infection. They then answered questions about engaging in unprotected sex now or waiting some delay for condom-protected sex in each partner condition.Results indicate that the negative health outcome scenario with regret expression resulted in delayed sexual gratification in the most attractive and least STI partner conditions, whereas in the least attractive and most STI partner conditions the negative health outcome with and without regret resulted in delayed sexual gratification.Results suggest that the sexual discounting task is a relevant laboratory measure and the framing of information to include regret expression may be relevant for prevention of risky sexual behavior.

  5. Social network correlates of risky sexual behavior among adolescents in Bahir Dar and Mecha Districts, North West Ethiopia: an institution-based study.

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    Asrese, Kerebih; Mekonnen, Alemtsehay

    2018-04-11

    Behaviors established during adolescence such as risky sexual behaviors have negative effects on future health and well-being. Extant literature indicated that individual attributes such as peer pressure and substance use have impacts on healthy development of young peoples' sexual behavior. The patterns of relationships (social network structure) and the social network content (members' norm regarding sexual practice) established by adolescents' network on adolescents' risky sexual behaviors are not well investigated. This cross-sectional study assessed the roles of social networks on sexual behavior of high school adolescents in Bahir Dar and Mecha district, North West Ethiopia. Data were collected from 806 high school adolescents using a pretested anonymously self administered questionnaire. Hierarchical logistic regression model was used for analysis. The results indicated that more than 13% had risky sexual behavior. Taking social networks into account improved the explanation of risky sexual behavior over individual attributes. Adolescents embedded within increasing sexual practice approving norm (AOR 1.61; 95%CI: 1.04 - 2.50), increasing network tie strength (AOR 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.19), and homogeneous networks (AOR 1.58; 95% CI: .98 - 2.55) were more likely to had risky sexual behavior. Engaging within increasing number of sexuality discussion networks was found protective of risky sexual behavior (AOR .84; 95% CI: .72 - .97). Social networks better predict adolescent's risky sexual behavior than individual attributes. The findings indicated the circumstances or contexts that social networks exert risks or protective effects on adolescents' sexual behavior. Programs designed to reduce school adolescents' sexual risk behavior should consider their patterns of social relationships.

  6. Perfil del comportamiento sexual en adolescentes mexicanos de 12 a 19 años de edad: resultados de la ENSA 2000 Profile of sexual behavior in 12 to 19 year-old Mexican adolescents: results of ENSA 2000

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    Carlos González-Garza

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir las características del comportamiento sexual de los adolescentes mexicanos, su grado de conocimiento sobre anticoncepción, las variables que se relacionan con la utilización de anticonceptivos en la primera relación sexual y las que se asocian con el embarazo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la base de datos de adolescentes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000, realizada en septiembre de 1999 a marzo de 2000, la cual tuvo un diseño complejo al ser probabilístico, polietápico, estratificado y por conglomerados. La muestra incluyó a adolescentes de entre 12 a 19 años de edad (n=15 241. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo, se aplicó la prueba ji cuadrada (Wald para evaluar diferencias de proporciones, y se construyeron dos modelos de regresión logística para obtener razones de momios. RESULTADOS: El 69.2% de los adolescentes refirió conocer al menos un método de control de la fecundidad. El 16.4% mencionó haber tenido relaciones sexuales, y los hombres iniciaron la actividad sexual antes que las mujeres; es importante mencionar que tan sólo 37% de los adolescentes usaron algún método anticonceptivo en la primera relación sexual. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que los adolescentes del sexo masculino, los de mayor escolaridad, quienes poseían información de algún método anticonceptivo y aquellos que inician esta actividad a una edad mayor tuvieron más probabilidad de usar anticonceptivos en su primera relación sexual. El 55.7% de las mujeres que mencionaron haber iniciado actividad sexual han estado embarazadas. El embarazo en las adolescentes se asoció significativamente con un nivel bajo de escolaridad, con iniciar su vida sexual a edades tempranas y con el hecho de haber estado alguna vez unidas. Conclusiones. En general, la población adolescente que ha tenido relaciones sexuales no utilizó métodos anticonceptivos durante su primera relación, lo cual incrementa la posibilidad de

  7. Community social capital on the timing of sexual debut and teen birth in Nicaragua: a multilevel approach

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    Bomar Mendez Rojas

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Community attributes have been gradually recognized as critical determinants shaping sexual behaviors in young population; nevertheless, most of the published studies were conducted in high income countries. The study aims to examine the association between community social capital with the time to sexual onset and to first birth in Central America. Methods Building upon the 2011/12 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Nicaragua, we identified a sample of 2766 community-dwelling female adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Multilevel survival analyses were performed to estimate the risks linked with three domains of community social capital (i.e., norms, resource and social network. Results Higher prevalence of female sexual debut (norms and higher proportion of secondary school or higher education (resource in the community are associated with an earlier age of sexual debut by 47 % (p < 0.05 and 16 %, respectively (p < 0.001. Living in a community with a high proportion of females having a child increases the hazard of teen birth (p < 0.001 and resource is negatively associated with teen childbearing (p < 0.05. Residential stability and community religious composition (social network were not linked with teen-onset sex and birth. Conclusions The norm and resource aspects of social capital appeared differentially associated with adolescent sexual and reproductive behaviors. Interventions aiming to tackle unfavorable sexual and reproductive outcomes in young people should be devised and implemented with integration of social process.

  8. El acoso sexual en el deporte: el caso de las estudiantes-deportistas del grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de Cataluña

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    MONTSERRAT MARTÍN HORCAJO

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Las pocas actuaciones de sensibilización en los contextos catalán y español sobre la existencia del acoso sexual en el deporte han tenido lugar durante la última década, pero el acoso sexual es todavía un tema de investigación poco estudiado. Sin embargo, investigaciones en países como Australia, Canadá, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos, Finlandia, Noruega, y Reino Unido demuestran que el acoso sexual no es un comportamiento ajeno al mundo del deporte. Ya en el año 2007 el COI hizo un llamamiento a los comités olímpicos nacionales para que empezaran a trabajar y prevenir el acoso sexual en el ámbito deportivo.El objetivo principal de este estudio, financiado por el Instituto Catalán de las Mujeres, es determinar si el acoso sexual en el deporte está también presente en el deporte catalán. Y, consecuentemente, contribuir a sensibilizar a las organizaciones deportivas pertinentes para que tengan presente que el acoso sexual que se produce en contextos deportivos es un problema a tratar desde las políticas deportivas de nuestro país. Los datos que se presentan en este estudio se han extraído de las experiencias de acoso sexual de una muestra de 214 estudiantes-deportistas de tres universidades catalanas donde se imparten estudios de ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte (CCAFD. Los datos de este trabajo muestran niveles de experiencia y de percepción muy diferentes según el tipo de comportamiento analizado. Los comportamientos percibidos como más acosadores son los menos vividos por las chicas estudiantes de CCAFD de Cataluña. Sin embargo, el trabajo constata que en el deporte catalán también hay casos de acoso sexual. Así, el acoso encontrado alcanza cifras de hasta el 6% de incidencia en algunos de los comportamientos.

  9. comportamiento del consumidor

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    Erico Rentería Pérez

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza el posicionamiento exitoso de los profesionales, particularmente los jóvenes, a partir de las nuevas realidades del mundo y del mercado laboral, así como la empleabilidad como constructo, estrategias posibles y, finalmente, una discusión sobre falacias y realidades de discursos sobre mercado de trabajo profesional. La reflexión se liga a dos investigaciones, y a redes de discusión en Brasil y Colombia, que reflexionan sobre las implicaciones y requerimientos estratégicos que marcan el ingreso o permanencia en el mercado de trabajo de profesionales jóvenes, y se reconoce que esto afecta a otros tipos de profesionales. La investigación de Rentería (2006ª sobre Empleabilidad arroja información sobre las dos primeras partes. La de Enríquez y Rentería (2006 sobre Estrategias de aprendizaje y empleabilidad informa sobre la tercera. Apoyan la discusión elementos de psicología y comportamiento del consumidor. Se discute la inclusión social y calidad de vida por el trabajo.

  10. Comportamiento y estructura de suelos compactados

    OpenAIRE

    Pinyol Puigmartí, Núria Mercè

    2016-01-01

    Las condiciones de compactación, definidas en la práctica por la humedad y densidad seca alcanzada, determinan el comportamiento del suelo bajo futuras cargas y trayectorias de humedecimiento y secado. En las últimas décadas, se ha avanzado significativamente en el conocimiento del comportamiento de los suelos compactados como caso particular de los suelos no saturados con especial atención a sus características microestructurales. Uno de los campos de aplicación son las presas de tierras en ...

  11. Social Dominance Orientation Relates to Believing Men Should Dominate Sexually, Sexual Self-Efficacy, and Taking Free Female Condoms Among Undergraduate Women and Men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosenthal, Lisa; Levy, Sheri R; Earnshaw, Valerie A

    2012-12-01

    Gendered-based power affects heterosexual relationships, with beliefs in the U.S. prescribing that men dominate women sexually. We draw on social dominance theory to examine whether women's and men's level of support for group-based hierarchy (i.e., social dominance orientation; SDO) helps explain gender-based power beliefs and dynamics in heterosexual relationships. We conducted a laboratory study at a Northeastern U.S. university among 357 women and 126 men undergraduates who reported being heterosexual and sexually active, testing three sets of hypotheses. First, as hypothesized, women endorsed SDO and the belief that men should dominate sexually less than men did. Second, as hypothesized, among women and men, SDO was positively correlated with the belief that men should dominate sexually, and negatively correlated with sexual self-efficacy (confidence in sexual situations) and number of female condoms (a woman-controlled source of protection) taken. Third, structural equation modeling, controlling for age, family income, number of sexual partners in the past month, and perceived HIV/AIDS risk, supported the hypothesis that among women and men, the belief that men should dominate sexually mediates SDO's association with sexual self-efficacy. The hypothesis that the belief that men should dominate sexually mediates SDO's association with number of female condoms taken was supported for women only. The hypothesis that sexual self-efficacy mediates SDO's association with number of female condoms taken was not supported. Results suggest SDO influences power beliefs and dynamics in heterosexual relationships. Although female condoms are an important woman-controlled source of protection, power-related beliefs may pose a challenge to their use.

  12. Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse and Social Network Patterns on Social Media: Associations With Alcohol Use and Problems Among Young Adult Women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oshri, Assaf; Himelboim, Itai; Kwon, Josephine A; Sutton, Tara E; Mackillop, James

    2015-11-01

    The aim of the present study was to examine the links between severities of child abuse (physical vs. sexual), and alcohol use versus problems via social media (Facebook) peer connection structures. A total of 318 undergraduate female students at a public university in the United States reported severity of child abuse experiences and current alcohol use and problems. Social network data were obtained directly from the individuals' Facebook network. Severity of childhood physical abuse was positively linked to alcohol use and problems via eigenvector centrality, whereas severity of childhood sexual abuse was negatively linked to alcohol use and problems via clustering coefficient. Childhood physical and sexual abuse were linked positively and negatively, respectively, to online social network patterns associated with alcohol use and problems. The study suggests the potential utility of these online network patterns as risk indices and ultimately using social media as a platform for targeted preventive interventions.

  13. Impacto de la responsabilidad social empresarial en el comportamiento de compra y disposición a pagar de consumidores bogotanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Percy Marquina Feldman

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Las investigaciones publicadas no son concluyentes sobre la influencia de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE sobre el comportamiento de los consumidores. Esta investigación examina la relación entre la RSE y habilidades empresariales (HE para los consumidores de Bogotá. Asimismo, se estimó su disposición a pagar generada por la presencia de cada una de estas variables en la gestión de la empresa responsable del producto. Se llevó a cabo un diseño experimental por medio de un modelo de elección discreta, para poner a prueba la relación entre la RSE y las HE en la intención de compra de los consumidores, y establecer su disposición a pagar (DAP por la presencia de determinados atributos sociales. A partir de lo anterior se encontró que algunas iniciativas de RSE, junto con algunas HE, tuvieron un impacto significativo sobre las decisiones de consumo socialmente responsable y la DAP de los consumidores.

  14. Sexual Essays

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Giles, James

    Through a series of interrelated essays, this book explores fundamental issues concerning gender, sexual and romantic attraction, sexual desire and fantasies, the sexual positions, age dysphoria, and the role of naked skin in human sexuality. It does so by exploring experiential, social, biological...... on sex. It is further argued that sexual desire is an existential need based on the experience of having a gendered body. A case study of age dysphoria is presented showing how the conclusions concerning concerning gender and desire apply in an atypical case. The body's fundamental role in sexuality......, and evolutionary aspects of sexual life. The author criticizes several popular views, rejecting both social constructionist accounts of gender and social constructionist and biological accounts of sexual desire. It is argued instead that gender roles and gender are often confused and that gender itself is based...

  15. Sexual and Reproductive Rights, Social Inequality and Politics in ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Sexual and Reproductive Rights, Social Inequality and Politics in Latin America. Paradoxically, Latin America has some of the most stringent legal restrictions against and highest rates of abortion in the world. The co-existence of legal restrictions and unsafe abortions affects society unequally. While middle- and upper-class ...

  16. Social Norms and Adolescents' Sexual Health: An Introduction for Practitioners Working in Low and Mid-income African countries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cislaghi, Beniamino; Shakya, Holly

    2018-03-01

    Donors, practitioners and scholars are increasingly interested in harnessing the potential of social norms theory to improve adolescents' sexual and reproductive health outcomes. However, social norms theory is multifaceted, and its application in field interventions is complex. An introduction to social norms that will be beneficial for those who intend to integrate a social norms perspective in their work to improve adolescents' sexual health in Africa is presented. First three main schools of thought on social norms, looking at the theoretical standpoint of each, are discussed. Next, the difference between two important types of social norms (descriptive and injunctive) is explained and then the concept of a -reference group‖ is examined. The difference between social and gender norms are then considered, highlighting how this difference is motivated by existing yet contrasting approaches to norms (in social psychology and gender theory). In the last section, existing evidence on the role that social norms play in influencing adolescents' sexual and reproductive health are reviewed. Conclusions call for further research and action to understand how norms affecting adolescents' sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) can be changed in sub-Saharan Africa.

  17. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES: KNOWLEDGE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niviane Genz

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento y comportamiento sexual de los adolescentes acerca de Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual. Metodo: estudio descriptivo, observacional, cuantitativo, con muestra de conveniencia con 532 adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años. El cuestionario fue administrado sobre ETS. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa STATA11.1. El proyecto fue aprobado por el. Resultados: 89,2% de las chicas y el 90,3% de los chicos supieron definir adecuadamente el concepto de ETS; 98,5% de las chicas y 98,9% de los chicos el uso del preservativo es el método más eficaz para la prevención. Sin embargo, el 37,1% de las chicas y el 30,5% de los chicos reportaron el uso de anticonceptivos como método preventivo. Conclusion: es saludable la realización de acciones educativas junto a la escuela sobre temas tales como la sexualidad y la salud reproductiva.

  18. Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

    OpenAIRE

    Juana María Hernández; Gloria María Cañez; Hevilat Frías

    2010-01-01

    Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansi...

  19. Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

    OpenAIRE

    Meléndez, Juana María; Cañez, Gloria María; Frías, Hevilat

    2010-01-01

    Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansie...

  20. Sexual identities and sexual health within the Celtic nations: An exploratory study of men who have sex with men recruited through social media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McAloney-Kocaman, Kareena; Lorimer, Karen; Flowers, Paul; Davis, Mark; Knussen, Christina; Frankis, Jamie

    2016-01-01

    Associations of sexual identity with a range of sexual and sexual health behaviours were investigated amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). Data from 1816 MSM recruited from 4 Celtic nations (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland) were collected via a cross-sectional online survey advertised via social media. About 18.3% were non-gay identified MSM (NGI-MSM). In the last year, 30% of NGI-MSM reported high-risk unprotected anal intercourse and 45% reported never having had an sexually transmitted infection (STI) test. When compared to MSM who were gay identified (GI-MSM), NGI-MSM were more likely to be older, have a female partner, fewer sex partners, fewer anal sex partners, STI diagnoses and less likely to be HIV positive, more likely to never use the gay scene and be geographically further from a gay venue. NGI-MSM were also less likely to report STI and HIV testing behaviours. The findings highlight variations in risk by sexual identities, and unmet sexual health needs amongst NGI-MSM across Celtic nations. Innovative research is required regarding the utility of social media for reaching populations of MSM and developing interventions which target the heterogeneity of MSM and their specific sexual health needs.

  1. Uso inconsistente del condón entre trabajadoras sexuales en Ecuador: resultados de una encuesta de comportamientos Inconsistent condom use among sexual workers in Ecuador: results from a behavior survey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Gutiérrez

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Obtener información sobre la tasa de uso del condón y otros comportamientos y características relacionados con el riesgo de adquirir infecciones de transmisión sexual en trabajadoras sexuales (TS de ocho ciudades del Ecuador. Este estudio presenta resultados de una encuesta realizada con TS en ocho ciudades del Ecuador. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal en el que se aplicó un cuestionario de comportamientos, actitudes y características socioeconómicas y demográficas a una muestra de TS en las ocho ciudades del Ecuador que concentran a la mayor parte de la población del país y padecen la mayor problemática en relación con el VIH. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo información de un total de 2 867 TS, la mayor parte de ellas en sus lugares de trabajo. El mayor porcentaje de las TS entrevistadas realizaba sus actividades en sitios dedicados al comercio sexual. La edad media de las entrevistadas fue de 28 años (IC95% 27-29 y alrededor de la mitad vivía con parejas masculinas (ya sea casadas o en unión libre. La tasa de uso del condón con el último cliente fue de 88% (82% de forma consistente; en cambio, con las parejas regulares fue de 6%. Un alto índice de habilidades para la vida, mayor nivel socioeconómico y contar con permiso para trabajar se relacionaron de forma positiva con el uso del condón con clientes (RP= 1.40; IC95% 1.40-1.40; RP= 1.37; IC95% 1.36-1.37; y RP= 7.26; IC95% 6.87-7.46, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien el uso del condón de las TS ecuatorianas con clientes es elevado, disminuye si se analiza su consistencia y es sumamente bajo cuando se trata de parejas regulares. La utilización del condón, por otra parte, parece relacionarse con variables sobre las cuales es posible realizar intervenciones para modificarlas, como las habilidades para la vida y el permiso oficial para realizar el trabajo sexual. En ese sentido, es importante realizar intervenciones específicas que incrementen

  2. Qualitative evaluation of selected social factors that impact sexual ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Objectives: This study was designed to explore the sexual behaviour of students in a metropolitan Durban University of Technology in KwaZulu-Natal to understand the social factors underlying their risk of HIV infection. Methods: This is a qualitative study that used cluster sampling where the population was stratified by ...

  3. Feeling well and talking about sex: psycho-social predictors of sexual functioning after cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-01-01

    Background Changes to sexual wellbeing are acknowledged to be a long-term negative consequence of cancer and cancer treatment. These changes can have a negative effect on psychological well-being, quality of life and couple relationships. Whilst previous conclusions are based on univariate analysis, multivariate research can facilitate examination of the complex interaction between sexual function and psycho-social variables such as psychological wellbeing, quality of life, and relationship satisfaction and communication in the context of cancer, the aim of the present study. Method Six hundred and fifty seven people with cancer (535 women, 122 men) and 148 partners (87 women, 61 men), across a range of sexual and non-sexual cancers, completed a survey consisting of standardized measures of sexual functioning, depression and anxiety, quality of life, relationship satisfaction, dyadic sexual communication, and self-silencing, as well as ratings of the importance of sex to life and relationships. Results Men and women participants, reported reductions in sexual functioning after cancer across cancer type, for both people with cancer and partners. Multiple regression analysis examined psycho-social predictors of sexual functioning. Physical quality of life was a predictor for men and women with cancer, and for male partners. Dyadic sexual communication was a predictor for women with cancer, and for men and women partners. Mental quality of life and depression were also predictors for women with cancer, and the lower self-sacrifice subscale of self-silencing a predictor for men with cancer. Conclusion These results suggest that information and supportive interventions developed to alleviate sexual difficulties and facilitate sexual renegotiation should be offered to men and women with both sexual and non-sexual cancers, rather than primarily focused on individuals with sexual and reproductive cancers, as is the case currently. It is also important to include partners

  4. Sexual dimorphism in striatal dopaminergic responses promotes monogamy in social songbirds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tokarev, Kirill; Hyland Bruno, Julia; Ljubičić, Iva; Kothari, Paresh J; Helekar, Santosh A; Tchernichovski, Ofer; Voss, Henning U

    2017-08-11

    In many songbird species, males sing to attract females and repel rivals. How can gregarious, non-territorial songbirds such as zebra finches, where females have access to numerous males, sustain monogamy? We found that the dopaminergic reward circuitry of zebra finches can simultaneously promote social cohesion and breeding boundaries. Surprisingly, in unmated males but not in females, striatal dopamine neurotransmission was elevated after hearing songs. Behaviorally too, unmated males but not females persistently exchanged mild punishments in return for songs. Song reinforcement diminished when dopamine receptors were blocked. In females, we observed song reinforcement exclusively to the mate's song, although their striatal dopamine neurotransmission was only slightly elevated. These findings suggest that song-triggered dopaminergic activation serves a dual function in social songbirds: as low-threshold social reinforcement in males and as ultra-selective sexual reinforcement in females. Co-evolution of sexually dimorphic reinforcement systems can explain the coexistence of gregariousness and monogamy.

  5. Predictors of race, adoption, and sexual orientation related socialization of adoptive parents of young children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goldberg, Abbie E; Smith, JuliAnna Z

    2016-04-01

    Using a sample of 125 lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parent couples with young children (M = 6.32 years), this study examined predictors of direct socialization (preparation for adoptism, racism, and heterosexism) and indirect socialization (modeling interactions by responding to outsiders' inquiries about their child's adoptive status, racial background, or family structure). In terms of direct socialization, parents of older children tended to engage in more socialization around adoptism and heterosexism, and parents of daughters tended to engage in more socialization around racism and heterosexism. Greater perceived child interest in adoption was related to more direct socialization around adoptism. Parents of color reported more direct socialization around racism. Having a child of color was related to more direct socialization around heterosexism. Regarding indirect socialization, sexual minority parents reported more socialization around adoption and race. Greater perceived child interest in adoption was related to more indirect adoption socialization. Being more "out" was related to more indirect socialization around parent sexual orientation. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  6. Conservation of social effects (Ψ) between two species of Drosophila despite reversal of sexual dimorphism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Signor, Sarah A; Abbasi, Mohammad; Marjoram, Paul; Nuzhdin, Sergey V

    2017-12-01

    Indirect genetic effects (IGEs) describe the effect of the genes of social partners on the phenotype of a focal individual. Here, we measure indirect genetic effects using the "coefficient of interaction" (Ψ) to test whether Ψ evolved between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans . We compare Ψ for locomotion between ethanol and nonethanol environments in both species, but only D. melanogaster utilizes ethanol ecologically. We find that while sexual dimorphism for locomotion has been reversed in D. simulans , there has been no evolution of social effects between these two species. What did evolve was the interaction between genotype-specific Ψ and the environment, as D. melanogaster  varies unpredictably between environments and D. simulans  does not. In this system, this suggests evolutionary lability of sexual dimorphism but a conservation of social effects, which brings forth interesting questions about the role of the social environment in sexual selection.

  7. Examining long-term effects of Cuídate-a sexual risk reduction program in Mexican youth Examen de los efectos a largo plazo de Cuídate, un programa de reducción del riesgo sexual en jóvenes mexicanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonia M. Villarruel

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a safer sex program (Cuídate on sexual behavior, use of condoms, and use of other contraceptives among Mexican youth 48 months after the intervention. METHODS: A total of 708 or 85% of those who participated in the original randomized control study (n = 829 were assessed in the 48-month follow-up. Each participant completed a questionnaire on sexual behavior. RESULTS: Findings indicated that adolescents who participated in the Cuídate program were more likely to be older at first sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-2.12; P OBJETIVOS: Examinar la eficacia de un programa de promoción de actividad sexual de menor riesgo (Cuídate en cuanto al comportamiento sexual, el uso de condones y el uso de otros anticonceptivos en jóvenes mexicanos, 48 meses después de la intervención. MÉTODOS: En el seguimiento después de 48 meses, se evaluó un total de 708 (85% de los que participaron en el estudio de control aleatorizado original (n = 829. Cada participante respondió a un cuestionario sobre su comportamiento sexual. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes que participaron en el programa "Cuídate" tenían una probabilidad más alta de tener una edad mayor en la primera relación sexual (razón de posibilidades [OR]: 1,27; intervalo de confianza [IC]: de 95%, 0,41-2,12; p < 0,05 y de usar condones (OR: 1,75; IC 95%: 1,14-2,69; P < 0,05 o algún otro tipo de medida anticonceptiva en la primera relación sexual (OR: 1,53; IC 95%: 1,00-2,33; P < 0,05 en comparación con los del grupo de referencia. Los efectos de la intervención sobre el uso constante de condones, el uso de condones en la última relación sexual y el número de compañeros sexuales no fueron considerables. El género no moderó los efectos de la intervención. La conveniencia social moderó el efecto de la intervención sobre la edad en la primera relación sexual. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados

  8. School Social Workers' Roles Involving Teacher-Student Sexual Misconduct and Exploitation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruffin, Cedrina M.

    2017-01-01

    Incidents of sexual misconduct by educators continue to become more prevalent in the United States, resulting in negative social, emotional, and psychological effects on many students. School social workers are professionals with backgrounds in prevention, intervention, and advocacy; however, very little literature has examined the roles of school…

  9. Actual versus perceived peer sexual risk behavior in online youth social networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Black, Sandra R; Schmiege, Sarah; Bull, Sheana

    2013-09-01

    Perception of peer behaviors is an important predictor of actual risk behaviors among youth. However, we lack understanding of peer influence through social media and of actual and perceived peer behavior concordance. The purpose of this research is to document the relationship between individual perception of and actual peer sexual risk behavior using online social networks. The data are a result of a secondary analysis of baseline self-reported and peer-reported sexual risk behavior from a cluster randomized trial including 1,029 persons from 162 virtual networks. Individuals (seeds) recruited up to three friends who then recruited additional friends, extending three waves from the seed. ANOVA models compared network means of actual participant behavior across categories of perceived behavior. Concordance varied between reported and perceived behavior, with higher concordance between perceived and reported condom use, multiple partners, concurrent partners, sexual pressure, and drug and alcohol use during sex. Individuals significantly over-reported risk and under-reported protective peer behaviors related to sex.

  10. How risky are social networking sites? A comparison of places online where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ybarra, Michele L; Mitchell, Kimberly J

    2008-02-01

    Recently, public attention has focused on the possibility that social networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook are being widely used to sexually solicit underage youth, consequently increasing their vulnerability to sexual victimization. Beyond anecdotal accounts, however, whether victimization is more commonly reported in social networking sites is unknown. The Growing up With Media Survey is a national cross-sectional online survey of 1588 youth. Participants were 10- to 15-year-old youth who have used the Internet at least once in the last 6 months. The main outcome measures were unwanted sexual solicitation on the Internet, defined as unwanted requests to talk about sex, provide personal sexual information, and do something sexual, and Internet harassment, defined as rude or mean comments, or spreading of rumors. Fifteen percent of all of the youth reported an unwanted sexual solicitation online in the last year; 4% reported an incident on a social networking site specifically. Thirty-three percent reported an online harassment in the last year; 9% reported an incident on a social networking site specifically. Among targeted youth, solicitations were more commonly reported via instant messaging (43%) and in chat rooms (32%), and harassment was more commonly reported in instant messaging (55%) than through social networking sites (27% and 28%, respectively). Broad claims of victimization risk, at least defined as unwanted sexual solicitation or harassment, associated with social networking sites do not seem justified. Prevention efforts may have a greater impact if they focus on the psychosocial problems of youth instead of a specific Internet application, including funding for online youth outreach programs, school antibullying programs, and online mental health services.

  11. Sexual Orientation in State Hate Crime Laws: Exploring Social Construction and Criminal Law.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valcore, Jace L

    2017-09-15

    Several studies have described and analyzed the development and diffusion of hate crime laws in the United States, but none specifically examined state-level differences in protected categories. Forty-five of the 50 states have a hate crime statute, but only 30 of those include sexual orientation. In this study the social construction framework is applied to the hate crime policy domain in order to determine whether or not variations in the social and political status of gays and lesbians are associated with the inclusion of sexual orientation in state hate crime laws. Content analysis of daily newspapers in six states revealed that a positive social construction is associated with groups seeking hate crime law protections, and that political influence may also be a key factor.

  12. [Effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on manifestation of sexual motivation and social behavior in mice of ASC line].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tikhonova, M A; Otroshchenko, E A; Kulikov, A V

    2010-02-01

    Sexual dysfunctions are the typical symptoms accompanying depressive disorders. However antidepressants which improve general state of the patients have no effect on sexual disorders. Mice of ASC (Antidepressant Sensitive Catalepsy) line with high hereditary predisposition to catalepsy were proposed as a model of genetically associated depressive-like condition. The work was aimed at comparison of behavioral indices of sexual motivation and social interest of ASC mice with those of mice of parental inbred AKR and CBA strains, and at the study of the effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg on these parameters in ASC mice. ASC males demonstrated reduced sexual motivation which was not corrected by fluoxetine. ASC mice did not differ in the expression of social interest and aggression towards juvenile intruder from mice of parental strains. Fluoxetine failed to alter social behavior of ASC mice in social interaction test but its higher dose decreased percentage of aggressors. ASC mouse line seems to be a perspective model to study genetic mechanisms of sexual dysfunctions associated with depressive conditions.

  13. Identificación de patrones de comportamiento informativo en los textos mediante el Análisis de Redes Sociales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salvador Gorbea Portal

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de una investigación, cuyo objetivo es identificar patrones de conocimiento significativo en el contenido de la documentación presentada para la evaluación del Ambiente Organizacional de 13 empresas mexicanas, que integran el ranking de Súper Empresas ® elaborado por la Consultora Top Companies ® . Por medio del procesamiento cuantitativo de seis variables, seis indicadores y el Análisis de Redes Sociales, se visualizan mapas de relaciones entre las empresas y los atributos de las variables seleccionadas. Con el uso de la fuente y la metodología empleadas se revelan patrones de comportamiento informativo presentes en la documentación objeto de estudio que aportan nuevo conocimiento para la toma de decisiones sobre la evaluación y la elaboración de los rankings empresariales que generan las consultoras especializadas sobre la referida temática.

  14. Buffer or Brake? The Role of Sexuality-Specific Parenting in Adolescents’ Sexualized Media Consumption and Sexual Development

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    G.J. Overbeek (Geertjan); van de Bongardt, D. (Daphne); Baams, L. (Laura)

    2018-01-01

    textabstractOne main source of sexual socialization lies within family interactions. Especially sexuality-specific parenting may determine adolescents’ sexual development—adolescents’ sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior, sexualized media consumption and permissive sexual attitudes—to a

  15. Same-Sex Sexual Attraction Does Not Spread in Adolescent Social Networks

    OpenAIRE

    Brakefield, Tiffany A.; Mednick, Sara C.; Wilson, Helen W.; De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel; Christakis, Nicholas A.; Fowler, James H.

    2013-01-01

    Peers have a powerful effect on adolescents' beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Here, we examine the role of social networks in the spread of attitudes towards sexuality using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Although we found evidence that both sexual activity (OR = 1.79) and desire to have a romantic relationship (OR = 2.69) may spread from person to person, attraction to same sex partners did not spread (OR = 0.96). Analyses of comparable power t...

  16. Peli, Luci, Bom... transgresión sexual y cultura popular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Dolores Arroyo Fdez.

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio se asienta en la narrativa de la película de Pedro Almodóvar Pepi, Luci, Bom y otras chicas del montón, estrenada en 1980, en plena transición a la democracia en España. Se analiza el film considerando sus componentes audiovisuales  como escenario a  los específicos de identidad y comportamiento sexual.  Se contempla su rodaje, en las calles de Madrid, y la construcción de sus diálogos e imágenes, que beben directamente de las fuentes de la cultura de masas  (fotonovelas, viñetas de cómic, publicidad, música y el lenguaje de la calle, en contraste con las creaciones de la alta cultura.  Precisamente, en esta película han participado varios artistas plásticos y dibujantes emergentes entonces: Ceesepe y el grupo Costus.  Al mismo nivel transgresor se presentan, de forma rebelde y escatológica, los comportamientos e identidades sexuales de sus protagonistas.  Esta cinta supo encauzar toda una serie de reivindicaciones a favor de la libertad sexual y la eliminación de tabúes,  protagonizada por parte de la juventud de la época; pero no deja de profundizar en los sentimientos como el amor y el desamor, la amistad y la soledad.   

  17. Buffer or Brake? The Role of Sexuality-Specific Parenting in Adolescents’ Sexualized Media Consumption and Sexual Development

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Overbeek, Geertjan; van de Bongardt, Daphne; Baams, Laura

    2018-01-01

    One main source of sexual socialization lies within family interactions. Especially sexuality-specific parenting may determine adolescents’ sexual development—adolescents’ sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior, sexualized media consumption and permissive sexual attitudes—to a significant extent,

  18. ¿Existen diferencias en riesgo sexual entre adolescentes heterosexuales y no heterosexuales?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Morales

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio transversal descriptivo es analizar la relación entre la orientación sexual informada y el riesgo sexual durante la adolescencia, examinando factores cognitivos, actitudinales y comportamentales. Participaron 815 adolescentes españoles (15-18 años de ambos sexos, de los que 5% se autodefinió como no heterosexual (n = 40. Se evaluó comportamiento sexual, conocimientos y actitud hacia el VIH, norma percibida y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. Se realizaron grupos equitativos para los análisis estadísticos. Los adolescentes no heterosexuales emplean el preservativo más consistentemente y presentan una actitud más favorable hacia este método de protección cuando existen obstáculos respecto a los heterosexuales. La orientación sexual predijo el uso preservativo en el 90% de las relaciones sexuales. Los resultados sugieren que la preferencia sexual tiene un efecto significativo en la asunción del riesgo sexual.

  19. "No One Talked about It": Social Work Field Placements and Sexual Harassment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wood, Leila; Moylan, Carrie

    2017-01-01

    Increasing student safety is an important part of Title IX compliance for colleges and universities. Sexual harassment is an all too common experience for college students, although little is known about incidences in social work field placements. The extent of training and preparation received by students from social work program and field…

  20. Pregnant Teenager Involvement in Sexual Activity and the Social Context

    OpenAIRE

    Sant'Anna, Maria José Carvalho; Catunda, Júlia Kerr; Carvalho, Kepler Alencar Mendes; Coates, Veronica; Omar, Hatim A.

    2006-01-01

    Pregnancy during adolescence represents a challenge to society as a whole. Its incidence is increasing and brings about social and medical consequences to both the teen mothers and their children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnant teenager involvement in sexual activity and the social context. The group studied comprised 152 pregnant teenagers attending the Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo (SCSP) General Hospital. All information was analyzed. The age at firs...

  1. Sexual identity stigma and social support among men who have sex with men in Lesotho: a qualitative analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stahlman, Shauna; Bechtold, Kali; Sweitzer, Stephanie; Mothopeng, Tampose; Taruberekera, Noah; Nkonyana, John; Baral, Stefan

    2015-11-01

    Men who have sex with men (MSM) face sexual identity stigma in many settings, which can increase risk for HIV by limiting access to care. This paper examines the roles of social support, sexual identity stigma, and sexual identity disclosure among MSM in Lesotho, a lower-middle income country within South Africa. Qualitative data were collected from 23 in-depth interview and six focus group participants and content analysis was performed to extract themes. Four primary themes emerged: 1) Verbal abuse from the broader community is a major challenge faced by MSM in Lesotho, 2) participants who were open about their sexual identity experienced greater stigma but were more self-sufficient and had higher self-confidence, 3) relationships between MSM tend to be conducted in secrecy, which can be associated with unhealthy relationships between male couples and higher risk sexual practices, and 4) MSM community organisations provide significant social and emotional support. Friends and family members from outside the MSM community also offer social support, but this support cannot be utilised by MSM until the risk of disclosing their sexual identity is reduced. Greater acceptance of same-sex practices would likely result in more open, healthy relationships and greater access to social support for MSM. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Social media-delivered sexual health intervention: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bull, Sheana S; Levine, Deborah K; Black, Sandra R; Schmiege, Sarah J; Santelli, John

    2012-11-01

    Youth are using social media regularly and represent a group facing substantial risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI). Although there is evidence that the Internet can be used effectively in supporting healthy sexual behavior, this has not yet extended to social networking sites. To determine whether STI prevention messages delivered via Facebook are efficacious in preventing increases in sexual risk behavior at 2 and 6 months. Cluster RCT, October 2010-May 2011. Individuals (seeds) recruited in multiple settings (online, via newspaper ads and face-to-face) were asked to recruit three friends, who in turn recruited additional friends, extending three waves from the seed. Seeds and waves of friends were considered networks and exposed to either the intervention or control condition. Exposure to Just/Us, a Facebook page developed with youth input, or to control content on 18-24 News, a Facebook page with current events for 2 months. Condom use at last sex and proportion of sex acts protected by condoms. Repeated measures of nested data were used to model main effects of exposure to Just/Us and time by treatment interaction. A total of 1578 participants enrolled, with 14% Latino and 35% African-American; 75% of participants completed at least one study follow-up. Time by treatment effects were observed at 2 months for condom use (intervention 68% vs control 56%, p=0.04) and proportion of sex acts protected by condoms (intervention 63% vs control 57%, p=0.03) where intervention participation reduced the tendency for condom use to decrease over time. No effects were seen at 6 months. Social networking sites may be venues for efficacious health education interventions. More work is needed to understand what elements of social media are compelling, how network membership influences effects, and whether linking social media to clinical and social services can be beneficial. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.govNCT00725959. Copyright © 2012 American

  3. What propels sexual murderers: a proposed integrated theory of social learning and routine activities theories.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chan, Heng Choon Oliver; Heide, Kathleen M; Beauregard, Eric

    2011-04-01

    Despite the great interest in the study of sexual homicide, little is known about the processes involved in an individual's becoming motivated to sexually kill, deciding to sexually kill, and acting on that desire, intention, and opportunity. To date, no comprehensive model of sexual murdering from the offending perspective has been proposed in the criminological literature. This article incorporates the works of Akers and Cohen and Felson regarding their social learning theory and routine activities theory, respectively, to construct an integrated conceptual offending framework in sexual homicide. This integrated model produces a stronger and more comprehensive explanation of sexual murder than any single theory currently available.

  4. The HIV Risk Profiles of Latino Sexual Minorities and Transgender Persons Who Use Websites or Apps Designed for Social and Sexual Networking

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Christina J.; Reboussin, Beth; Mann, Lilli; Garcia, Manuel; Rhodes, Scott D.

    2016-01-01

    The use of websites and GPS-based mobile applications ("apps") designed for social and sexual networking has been associated with increased HIV risk; however, little is known about Latino sexual minorities' and transgender persons' use of these websites and apps and the risk profiles of those who use them compared with those who do not.…

  5. Percepción del riesgo, comportamientos riesgosos y seroprevalencia del VIH en trabajadoras sexuales de Georgetown, Guyana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keith H. Carter

    1997-10-01

    eran solo extranjeros. La seroprevalencia del VIH en mujeres que declararon tener más de cinco clientes a la semana fue estadísticamente mayor que en las que tenían menos clientes. La seropositividad al VIH fue relativamente frecuente entre las 12 trabajadoras que declararon haber usado cocaína. En general, los resultados confirman la necesidad de fortalecer las intervenciones dirigidas a las trabajadoras sexuales y a sus clientes y, particularmente, de hacer un esfuerzo concertado para intensificar la promoción, distribución y comercialización social de los condones; mejorar los servicios de atención de ETS que ofrezcan tratamiento y orientación a las trabajadoras sexuales, y ampliar las actividades educativas dirigidas a sus clientes guyaneses.

  6. Registros visuales de comportamientos y experiencias sociales. Imágenes del ocio femenino en fotografías de la prensa argentina, circa 1930

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gisela Paola Kaczan

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se propone interpretar comportamientos y experiencias sociales femeninas a partir de una serie de fotografías en el marco de una revista ilustrada de amplia difusión en Argentina, hacia la década de 1930. Se indagará en las prácticas socio-espaciales y corporales de ocio en un balneario de mar, Mar del Plata, al sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. En busca de un acercamiento a las representaciones de género, a los seguimientos o contravenciones en las pautas de lo permitido y a los modos en que se convienen estereotipos sociales, se presentan tres variables de análisis: género, situación cuerpo-espacio y modo de vestir. Para ello, se combinan miradas de carácter cualitativo con el aporte de datos cuantitativos reflejados en el diseño de gráficos de datos.

  7. Sexual Desire in Sexual Minority and Majority Women and Men: The Multifaceted Sexual Desire Questionnaire.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chadwick, Sara B; Burke, Shannon M; Goldey, Katherine L; Bell, Sarah N; van Anders, Sari M

    2017-11-01

    Sexual desire is increasingly understood to be multifaceted and not solely erotically oriented, but measures are still generally unitary and eroticism-focused. Our goals in this article were to explore the multifaceted nature of sexual desire and develop a measure to do so, and to determine how multifaceted sexual desire might be related to gender/sex and sexual orientation/identity. In the development phase, we generated items to form the 65-item Sexual Desire Questionnaire (DESQ). Next, the DESQ was administered to 609 women, 705 men, and 39 non-binary identified participants. Results showed that the DESQ demonstrated high reliability and validity, and that sexual desire was neither unitary nor entirely erotic, but instead was remarkably multifaceted. We also found that multifaceted sexual desire was in part related to social location variables such as gender/sex and sexual orientation/identity. We propose the DESQ as a measure of multifaceted sexual desire that can be used to compare factor themes, total scores, and scores across individual items in diverse groups that take social context into account. Results are discussed in light of how social location variables should be considered when making generalizations about sexual desire, and how conceptualizations of desire as multifaceted may provide important insights.

  8. Tasting the Forbidden Fruit: The Social Context of Debut Sexual ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tasting the Forbidden Fruit: The Social Context of Debut Sexual Encounters Among Young Persons in a Rural Nigerian Community. ... Alternatively, you can download the PDF file directly to your computer, from where it can be opened using a PDF reader. To download the PDF, click the Download link above.

  9. Intereses, conducta sexual y comportamiento de riesgo para la salud sexual de escolares adolescentes participantes en un programa de educación sexual

    OpenAIRE

    Palenzuela Sánchez, Ángeles

    2006-01-01

    El presente trabajo constituye un estudio descriptivo mediante encuesta semiestructurada en una muestra de 501 escolares adolescentes de secundaria participantes en un programa de educación sexual. Se pretende: describir la frecuencia y distribución de las conductas sexuales más frecuentes en escolares adolescentes participantes en el programa, grado de información y conocimientos en sexualidad y sus fuentes; creencias, actitudes y mitos en sexualidad; intereses y dema...

  10. The impact of social media on the sexual and social wellness of adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cookingham, Lisa M; Ryan, Ginny L

    2015-02-01

    For most adolescents in the United States, the use of social media is an integral part of daily life. While the advent of the Internet has enhanced information dispersal and communication worldwide, it has also had a negative impact on the sexual and social wellness of many of its adolescent users. The objective of this review is to describe the role of social media in the evolution of social norms, to illustrate how online activity can negatively impact adolescent self-esteem and contribute to high-risk adolescent behaviors, to elucidate how this activity can result in real-world consequences with life-long results, and to provide guidance regarding social media use for those who care for adolescents. Although research is now aimed at use of social media for positive health and wellness interventions, much work needs to be done to determine the utility of these programs. Adolescent healthcare providers are important contributors to this new field of study and must resolve to stay informed and to engage this up-and-coming generation on the benefits and risks of social media use. Copyright © 2015 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. The relationship between online social networking and sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sean D Young

    Full Text Available Online social networking usage is growing rapidly, especially among at-risk populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM. However, little research has studied the relationship between online social networking usage and sexual risk behaviors among at-risk populations. One hundred and eighteen Facebook-registered MSM (60.1% Latino, 28% African American; 11.9% other were recruited from online (social networking websites and banner advertisements and offline (local clinics, restaurants and organizations venues frequented by minority MSM. Inclusion criteria required participants to be men who were 18 years of age or older, had had sex with a man in the past 12 months, were living in Los Angeles, and had a Facebook account. Participants completed an online survey on their social media usage and sexual risk behaviors. Results from a multivariable regression suggest that number of sexual partners met from online social networking technologies is associated with increased: 1 likelihood of having exchanged sex for food, drugs, or a place to stay within the past 3 months; 2 number of new partners within the past 3 months; 3 number of male sex partners within the past 3 months; and 4 frequency of engaging in oral sex within the past 3 months, controlling for age, race, education, and total number of sexual partners. Understanding the relationship between social media sex-seeking and sexual risk behaviors among at-risk populations will help inform population-focused HIV prevention and treatment interventions.

  12. Making Digital Cultures of Gender and Sexuality With Social Media

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Burgess

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available This article introduces a special issue concerning the interweaving of gender, sexuality, and social media. There are 10 articles included in the issue which together map out a landscape of diverse areas of interest covering topics such as sexism and harassment, health and wellbeing, relationships, and leisure.

  13. Problemáticas del comportamiento sexual y reproductivo de las jóvenes inmigrantes de Baja California

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Humberto González Galbán

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Entre los aspectos que son analizados en el presente artículo se encuentran los vinculados a la sexualidad y la reproducción de las mujeres inmigrantes de Baja California, donde se manifiestan inequidades con relación al resto de los jóvenes, tales como las mayores afecta- ciones por enfermedades de transmisión sexual y los más altos niveles de embarazos –gene- ralmente no planificados–, lo que a su vez tiene implicaciones como una mayor frecuencia del abandono escolar, la salida involuntaria del hogar paterno así como otras problemáticas familiares, todo lo que incide negativamente en la salud de las jóvenes migrantes y en sus condiciones de vida en general. La atención médica, que puede contribuir a atenuar efec- tos no deseados de dicha situación, también es recibida en menor medida por las jóvenes inmigrantes, lo que conjuntamente con las desventajosas condiciones socioeconómicas en que viven y/o el contar, en un menor grado, con redes familiares y sociales de apoyo, las convierte en una población más vulnerable y necesitada de trabajo comunitario que atienda sus problemáticas sexuales y reproductivas.

  14. Sexual education, gender ideology, and youth sexual empowerment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grose, Rose Grace; Grabe, Shelly; Kohfeldt, Danielle

    2014-01-01

    Sexual education plays an essential role in preventing unplanned pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). School-based sexual education programs, in particular, may be well positioned to address social factors that are empirically linked to negative sexual health outcomes, such as traditional social norms surrounding gender and sexuality. However, youth are seldom granted access to sexual education programs that explicitly address these issues. This study presents findings from a pretest-posttest survey of a sexual education program that did. It was designed for eighth graders (N=95) in the context of a school-community collaboration. The study assessed the links between several components of sexual empowerment, including gender ideology, sexual knowledge, and contraceptive beliefs. Findings link participation in the sexual education program to more progressive attitudes toward girls and women, less agreement with hegemonic masculinity ideology, and increases in sexual health and resource knowledge. Structural equation models suggest that traditional attitudes toward women were significantly related to hegemonic masculinity ideology among both boys and girls, which was in turn negatively related to safer contraceptive beliefs.

  15. Social support for female sexual dysfunction in fibromyalgia

    OpenAIRE

    Granero-Molina, José; Matarín Jimenez, Tamara María; Ramos Rodríguez, Carmen; Hernández-Padilla, José Manuel; Castro-Sánchez, Adelaida Maria; Fernández-Sola, Cayetano

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this study is to describe and understand experiences related to social support for women with fibromyalgia who suffer from sexual dysfunction. An interpretive qualitative research methodology based on Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics was used. Data collection included a focus group and in-depth interviews with 13 women who averaged 44.8 years of age and 14.3 years since being diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Data were analyzed using Fleming’s method and two themes were identified: ...

  16. Multidimensional sexual perfectionism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stoeber, Joachim; Harvey, Laura N; Almeida, Isabel; Lyons, Emma

    2013-11-01

    Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality characteristic that can affect all areas of life. This article presents the first systematic investigation of multidimensional perfectionism in the domain of sexuality exploring the unique relationships that different forms of sexual perfectionism show with positive and negative aspects of sexuality. A sample of 272 university students (52 male, 220 female) completed measures of four forms of sexual perfectionism: self-oriented, partner-oriented, partner-prescribed, and socially prescribed. In addition, they completed measures of sexual esteem, sexual self-efficacy, sexual optimism, sex life satisfaction (capturing positive aspects of sexuality) and sexual problem self-blame, sexual anxiety, sexual depression, and negative sexual perfectionism cognitions during sex (capturing negative aspects). Results showed unique patterns of relationships for the four forms of sexual perfectionism, suggesting that partner-prescribed and socially prescribed sexual perfectionism are maladaptive forms of sexual perfectionism associated with negative aspects of sexuality whereas self-oriented and partner-oriented sexual perfectionism emerged as ambivalent forms associated with positive and negative aspects.

  17. LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA MENTE Y EL COMPORTAMIENTO MORAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Quintanilla

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Esta contribución discute algunas correlaciones entre la evolución de las capacidades cognitivas y afectivas humanas -específicamente metarrepresentación, simulación y simpatía- y la evolución del comportamiento moral. La tesis central es que en el caso de seres humanos, homínidos y algunos primates superiores, el altruismo moral y las capacidades metarrepresentacional y de simulación    -que se construyen sobre habilidades simpáticas- son funciones que se potencian mutuamente. Esto parece sugerir que se trata de funciones que evolucionaron simultáneamente. La evidencia empírica sugiere que podemos encontrar en primates no homínidos formas básicas de comportamiento altruista y capacidad metarrepresentacional, pero no hay evidencia de comportamiento altruista moral en especies o individuos humanos que carezcan de esta capacidad. En el caso del desarrollo de los niños, la capacidad de comportamiento moral es directamente proporcional al desarrollo de las capacidades metarrepresentacional y de simulación. El texto también propone una secuencia evolutiva que culmina en el altruismo moral y discute los rasgos que serían centrales al comportamiento moral humano.

  18. Individualism-Collectivism, Social Self-Control and Adolescent Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pokhrel, Pallav; Bennett, Brooke L; Regmi, Sakshi; Idrisov, Bulat; Galimov, Artur; Akhmadeeva, Leila; Sussman, Steve

    2018-06-07

    Individualism and collectivism are cultural syndromes that have been associated with adolescent problem behavior in studies conducted in the U.S. and Southeast Asia. However, research investigating the mechanisms of how cultural orientation impacts health risk behaviors has been limited. This study tested a new model explaining the relationship between cultural orientation (i.e., individualism, collectivism) and adolescent problem behavior (i.e., substance use and risky sex) in terms of interpersonal self-regulation (i.e., social self-control). As such, the study is rooted in theories of the role of culture in developing self-regulation. Participants were high school students (N = 716) from the Bashkirtostan Republic of the Russian Federation. Adolescents from the Russian Federation tend to show high prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. People of the Russian Federation in general are traditionally collectivist in orientation, although increased globalization and post-Soviet capitalism may indicate high individualist values in younger generation Russians. Using path analysis we found that in addition to having direct effects, higher individualism indirectly affected substance use and risky sexual behavior through social self-control and negative life events. Higher collectivism was found to have a direct protective effect on risky sexual behavior and a direct effect on social self-control. However, collectivism was not found to have indirect effects on substance use or risky sexual behavior. Higher individualism appears to function as a risk factor for adolescent problem behavior and this relationship may be mediated by lower social self-control. Culturally-tailored prevention programs utilizing the individualism-collectivism framework may benefit from addressing social self-control.

  19. Observations on sexual dimorphism and social structure in the lizard ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Angolosaurus skoogi is a large, herbivorous lizard of the northern Namib dune sea. Adults are sexually dimorphic in body size and colouration and these differences may be related to social organization. Whether the observed dimorphism is a result of the mating system, as is the case with several other herbivorous lizards, ...

  20. Sexuality and Physical Contact in National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project Wave 2

    OpenAIRE

    Adena M. Galinsky; Martha K. McClintock; Linda J. Waite

    2014-01-01

    Introduction. Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) includes new measures of sexual interest and behavior, as well as new measures of the context of sexual experience and the frequency and appeal of physical contact. This is the first time many of these constructs have been measured in a nationally representative sample.

  1. Gender differences in evaluating social-sexual conduct in the workplace.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hurt, L E; Wiener, R L; Russell, B L; Mannen, R K

    1999-01-01

    Qualitative interviews exploring gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment were conducted with 100 full-time St. Louis area employees. Women more than men reported that telling dirty/sexual jokes was a non-harassing behavior, qualified behaviors as harassing when they happened in the workplace, and considered behaviors as non-harassing when the man's intentions were not harmful. Men more than women reported that requesting a date was a non-harassing behavior, qualified behaviors as harassing when the woman did not welcome the behavior, and considered behaviors as non-harassing when they did not violate workplace norms. Logistic regression analysis predicted the respondent gender with 86% accuracy. Finally, concept mapping suggested that when women think about harassers they are concerned with power and social aptitude, while men seem to be more concerned about the responsibility and psychological adjustment of perpetrators of sexual harassment. When women think about victims of harassment they are concerned with a woman's assertiveness and work effectiveness, while men are more concerned with the psychological state of the woman and how provocative she is when they think about victims of sexual harassment. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  2. Modelo de Comportamiento Afectivo para Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Pérez, María Y.

    2008-01-01

    Las emociones se han reconocido como parte fundamental de la motivación, y la motivación como un componente indispensable en el aprendizaje. En este documento se propone un modelo de comportamiento afectivo para sistemas tutores inteligentes. Dicho modelo combina el estado afectivo y pedagógico de los estudiantes para establecer las acciones tutoriales. En el contexto de este trabajo, el comportamiento afectivo tiene dos funciones principales: 1) inferir el estado afectivo del estudiante; y 2...

  3. Códigos visuales de género y configuraciones sexuales evidenciadas en la fotografía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Serrano

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde los primeros años de vida, todos los seres humanos recibimos un cúmulo de actitudes, conductas y valores que son aprendidos ya sea como modos de aprendizaje o como modelos de imitación del comportamiento de los sujetos adultos. Estas predeterminaciones sociales se han estructurado históricamente a partir del sistema binario masculinidad/feminidad, cuya reducción cultural propicia inequidades de género que afectan la convivencia social y que se manifiestan en la circulación doméstica o masiva de imágenes que construyen códigos y representaciones culturales que confrontan equívocamente a las identidades sexuales. Bajo esta perspectiva general, en este artículo pretendemos resaltar, a través de un análisis semiótico y multidisciplinario, algunos códigos visuales manifiestos en una selección de fotografías que evidencian la perpetuación de la inequidad de género.

  4. Social Support Networks Among Diverse Sexual Minority Populations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frost, David M.; Meyer, Ilan H.; Schwartz, Sharon

    2016-01-01

    This paper reports a study of the function and composition of social support networks among diverse lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) men and women (n = 396) in comparison to their heterosexual peers (n = 128). Data were collected using a structured social support network matrix in a community sample recruited in New York City. Our findings show that gay and bisexual men may rely on “chosen families” within LGBT communities more so than lesbian and bisexual women. Both heterosexuals and LGBs relied less on family and more on other people (e.g., friends, co-workers) for everyday social support (e.g., recreational and social activities, talking about problems). Providers of everyday social support were most often of the same sexual orientation and race/ethnicity as participants. In seeking major support (e.g., borrowing large sums of money), heterosexual men and women along with lesbian and bisexual women relied primarily on their families, but gay and bisexual men relied primarily on other LGB individuals. Racial/ethnic minority LGBs relied on LGB similar others at the same rate at White LGBs but, notably, racial/ethnic minority LGBs reported receiving fewer dimensions of support. PMID:26752447

  5. Sexual stigma, psychological well-being and social engagement among men who have sex with men in Beirut, Lebanon.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wagner, Glenn J; Aunon, Frances M; Kaplan, Rachel L; Karam, Rita; Khouri, Danielle; Tohme, Johnny; Mokhbat, Jacques

    2013-01-01

    This qualitative study sought to explore sexual identity development among men who have sex with men in Beirut, Lebanon; the stigma experienced by these men; and how their psychological well-being and social engagement are shaped by how they cope with this stigma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 men who have sex with men and content analysis was used to identify emergent themes. While many men reported feeling very comfortable with their sexual orientation and had disclosed their sexual orientation to family, most men struggled at least somewhat with their sexuality, often because of perceived stigma from others and internal religious conflict about the immorality of homosexuality. Most participants described experiencing verbal harassment or ridicule or being treated as different or lesser than in social relationships with friends or family. Mechanisms for coping with stigma included social avoidance (trying to pass as heterosexual and limiting interaction with men who have sex with men to the internet) or withdrawal from relationships in an attempt to limit exposure to stigma. Findings suggest that effective coping with both internal and external sexual stigma is central to the psychological well-being and social engagement of men who have sex with men in Beirut, much as has been found in Western gay communities.

  6. Sexual transmission-risk behaviour among HIV-positive persons: a multisite study using social action theory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sullivan, Kathleen M; Dawson Rose, Carol; Phillips, J Craig; Holzemer, William L; Webel, Allison R; Nicholas, Patrice; Corless, Inge B; Kirksey, Kenn; Sanzero Eller, Lucille; Voss, Joachim; Tyer-Viola, Lynda; Portillo, Carmen; Johnson, Mallory O; Brion, John; Sefcik, Elizabeth; Nokes, Kathleen; Reid, Paula; Rivero-Mendez, Marta; Chen, Wei-Ti

    2017-01-01

    Sexual risk behaviour was explored and described using Social Action Theory. The sexual transmission of HIV is complex and multi-factorial. Social Action Theory provides a framework for viewing self-regulation of modifiable behaviour such as condom use. Condom use is viewed within the context of social interaction and interdependence. Cross-sectional survey. Self-report questionnaire administered to adults living with HIV/AIDS, recruited from clinics, service organizations and by active outreach, between 2010 - 2011. Having multiple sex partners with inconsistent condom use during a 3-month recall period was associated with being male, younger age, having more years of education,substance use frequency and men having sex with men being a mode of acquiring HIV. In addition, lower self-efficacy for condom use scores were associated with having multiple sex partners and inconsistent condom use. Social Action Theory provided a framework for organizing data from an international sample of seropositive persons. Interventions for sexually active, younger, HIV positive men who have sex with men, that strengthen perceived efficacy for condom use, and reduce the frequency of substance use, may contribute to reducing HIV-transmission risk. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  7. Atitudes, sentimentos e imagens na representação social da sexualidade entre adolescentes Actitudes, sentimientos e imágenes de la representación social de la sexualidad entre los adolescentes Attitudes, feelings and images on the social representation of sexuality among adolescents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denize Cristina de Oliveira

    2009-12-01

    dimensión de las actitudes, mientras que el masculino, se distingue por una asociación de sexualidad con el acto sexual. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las representaciones están ligadas a comportamientos adoptados frente a la sexualidad y a su valorización, así como a la existencia de dimensiones transversales a las diversas estructuras.This paper aims to analyze the structure of social representation of sexuality for adolescents. With a qualitative nature, was developed with 746 young people from two public schools in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through free evocations about the term inducer "sexuality" and analyzed by the software EVOC 2003. The set of subject presents a positive representational structure, including attitudinal dimensions, values and imagery. Negative aspects appear on the periphery showing a family dimension and consequences. Comparing the structure of representations by sex, it is observed that are similar, especially by the presence of elements as "good", "condom" and "prevention". The specificity of the female group appears emphasizing the attitudinal dimension, while the male group is distinguished by a combination of sexuality to the sexual act. We conclude that the representations are linked to behaviors adopted front of sexuality and its recovery as well as the existence of transversal dimensions to the various structures.

  8. Sexual harassment and prior sexual trauma among African-American and white American women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wyatt, G E; Riederle, M

    1994-01-01

    This study examined the relationship between sexual harassment in work, educational, and social settings and sexual abuse in childhood and/or adulthood in a stratified community sample of 248 African-American and white American women. The cumulative impact of sexual victimization on women's sense of general well-being was also examined. Those most likely to be sexually harassed in work and social settings were women with contact sexual abuse histories, regardless of ethnicity. The work status of harassers of women with sexual abuse histories differed significantly by ethnic group. Although women with prior sexual abuse experiences from both ethnic groups most frequently reported a response to sexual harassment at work, they least frequently did so in social settings. A history of childhood sexual abuse was more negatively associated with African- American women's well-being than were repeated experiences of sexual violence. Future research should address the implications of ethnic and cultural issues on the cumulative impact of incidents of sexual violence on women of color.

  9. Incidencia en los tipos de acoso sexual en el trabajo en España

    OpenAIRE

    Cristina Cuenca-Piqueras

    2014-01-01

    El acoso sexual en el trabajo ha sido clasificado de muy diversas formas debido a los diferentes comportamientos que se incluyen bajo este concepto. En el presente trabajo se analizan las múltiples tipologías de acoso sexual, realizando una propuesta propia. Además, se pretende comprobar que esta clasificación tiene sentido práctico utilizando la Técnica del Escalamiento Multidimensional ( alscal ), y al mismo tiempo, comprobar la fuerza explicativa de la Teoría multidimensional del acoso en ...

  10. Prevalencia de trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (T.C.A en estudiantes de bachillerato.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Ángel

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes. El manual para estadística de diagnósticos en psiquiatría de la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría, reconoce que existen varios tipos de trastornos mentales relacionados con la comida y que comparten entre ellos una intensa preocupación por el peso, los alimentos y las alteraciones de la figura corporal. La categoría diagnóstica se llama trastornos del apetito, pero es más preciso denominarlos como trastornos del comportamiento alimentario y se subdividen en anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y los trastornos no especificados. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos de comportamiento alimentario en escolares de Bogotá y Sogamoso, su relación con estados de depresión, ansiedad, estrato socioeconómico y utilidad de la encuesta de comportamiento alimentario. Material y métodos. Los alumnos de secundaria de siete colegios que aceptaron participar, respondieron la encuesta de comportamiento alimentario. Aquellos con puntuación mayor que 22 y a un número equivalente y aleatorio con puntuación menor que 23 fueron reencuestados y entrevistados para diagnóstico de trastornos de comportamiento alimentario. Todos respondieron encuestas de depresión, ansiedad y test de figura corporal. Resultados. Se encuestaron 2770 escolares, 708 se reencuestaron y entrevistaron, con prevalencia de anorexia nerviosa de 0.28 por ciento, bulimia nerviosa 3.25 por ciento y trastornos de comportamiento alimentario no especificados 33.6 por ciento. Los escolares con trastornos de comportamiento alimentario tuvieron puntuaciones mayores de ansiedad como rasgo y mayor deseo de bajar de peso. No hubo diferencias por estrato socioeconómico. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de trastornos de comportamiento alimentario en escolares son acordes con la literatura sin diferencias por estrato pero con rasgos de ansiedad mayores. La encuesta de comportamiento alimentario es útil para tamización de trastornos de comportamiento alimentario.

  11. Patterns of Asexuality in China: Sexual Activity, Sexual and Romantic Attraction, and Sexual Desire.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Lijun; Su, Yanchen

    2018-05-01

    This study examined patterns of asexuality in Chinese asexual people in terms of sexual activities, sexual/romantic attraction, and sexual desire. The sample included 227 (64 men and 163 women) asexual participants and 57 (26 men and 31 women) uncertain asexual participants recruited from social networks for asexual people. The control group included 217 (115 men and 102 women) heterosexual participants recruited from general social networks. Participants scoring 40 or higher on the Asexuality Identification Scale were classified as asexual. Asexual participants reported having less frequent masturbation, sexual intercourse experience, and sexual and romantic attraction compared to heterosexual participants. Lower sexual attraction among asexuals indicated that "people who experience little or no sexual attraction" would be a more appropriate definition of asexuality. The pattern of uncertain asexual participants' sexual/romantic attraction and sexual desire was intermediate between heterosexual and asexual participants. Asexual participants scored significantly lower on dyadic sexual desire and slightly lower on solitary sexual desire than heterosexual participants. There were significant differences in sexual activities and solitary sexual desire among romantic orientation categories. Homoromantic participants showed higher dyadic sexual desire and were more likely to engage in masturbation, indicating the heterogeneity among asexual people. The findings indicated that Chinese asexual people showed similar patterns of asexuality as in Western nations. Specifically, asexual people have little or no sexual attraction, non-partner-orientated sexual desire, and are heterogeneous in sexual activities and sexual desire. This implies similar mechanisms underlying the etiology of asexuality across cultures.

  12. El sesgo negativista y su repercusión en la conducta social: la influencia de las emociones en el comportamiento cooperativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura E. Amaya-Durán

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio pretende aportar información sobre la pertinencia de instrumentos para estudiar la influencia de las conductas emocionales en el comportamiento cooperativo; asimismo se logró analizar la asociación entre la Escala de Orientación de Valores Sociales (slider measure of social values [SVO] (Murphy, Ackermann & Handgraaf, 2011 y el desempeño en el juego del dilema del prisionero, y estudiar la capacidad de dos estímulos audiovisuales para inducir una conducta emocional valorada como negativa o positiva. El método utilizado se basó primero en determinar el grado de dependencia entre las medidas SVO y dilema del prisionero, que se definió mediante el estadístico x2 de Pearson, y segundo, en evaluar la capacidad de los estímulos audiovisuales para inducir una conducta emocional. Se utilizó un diseño pre-post, el Self-assessment Manikin (Bradley & Lang, 1994 y un reporte verbal escrito de estado de ánimo. Se contó con la participación voluntaria de 48 estudiantes universitarios de diferentes facultades. Los resultados no fueron significativamente concluyentes respecto a la asociación entre las medidas de conducta cooperativa y la orientación a valores sociales, aunque los videos utilizados como inductores de conducta emocional lograron evocar efectivamente los resultados esperados.

  13. ANÁLISIS NO PARAMÉTRICO DE RANKINGS DE TOLERANCIA EN COMPORTAMIENTOS MORALMENTE CUESTIONABLES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Merino Soto

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la tolerancia ante situaciones moralmente controversiales mediante rankings. La muestra estuvo conformada por 254 estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de psicología, entre varones y mujeres, con una edad promedio de 21 años, de la ciudad de Lima. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala de Comportamientos Morales Controvertidos. Se concluye que existe similitud, según género y edad, en relación a los rankings de los comportamientos morales controvertidos. En cuanto a la religión, se encontraron diferencias con el grupo evangélico, quienes resultan ser menos tolerantes en cuanto a las relaciones prematrimoniales; en comparación a los católicos. Discutimos el impacto de estos resultados en la comprensión de la tendencia a la acción en el plano de la moralidad. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to explore, through rankings, tolerance towards morally debatable situations. The sample comprised 254 psychology college students (male and female in Lima, 21-year old on average. The instrument used was the Morally Debatable Behaviors Scale. It is concluded that there is a similarity in the rankings by gender and age. In terms of religion, there are differences with the group of Evangelists, who are less tolerant than Catholics regarding pre-marital sexual relations. The impact of these results in understanding the tendency to action in terms of morality is discussed.

  14. Mutual ornamentation, sexual selection, and social dominance in the black swan

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kraaijeveld, K; Gregurke, J; Hall, C; Komdeur, J; Mulder, RA

    We investigated the adaptive significance of a sexually monomorphic ornament in the black swan Cygnus atratus. Both sexes grow curled feathers on their wings (range 7-22 curled feathers per wing), which are displayed prominently in a range of social interactions. The number of curled feathers

  15. "It would be weird to have that on Facebook": young people's use of social media and the risk of sharing sexual health information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byron, Paul; Albury, Kath; Evers, Clifton

    2013-05-01

    In today's media environment, information is not simply passed from producers to consumers, but is mediated by participants of new media cultures, including information on sexual health. In focus groups held in Sydney and regional Australia in 2011, we asked young people aged 16-22 about the potential for sexual health promotion via Facebook and other social media. Our findings point to the complex ways in which young people use social media, and the unlikelihood of traditional take-home sexual health messages having traction in social media spaces. Five key aspects which emerged were: the participatory culture of social network sites; the stigma of sexual health, especially sexually transmitted infections (STIs); young people's careful presentations of self; privacy concerns; and the importance of humour in sexual health messaging. Fears of bullying and gossip (or 'drama') were also likely to prevent the dissemination of sexual health messages in this environment. However, humorous online videos were noted by participants as a significant way to avoid stigma and enable the sharing of sexual health information. The young people in our study were interested in sexual health information, but did not want to access it at the cost of their own sense of comfort and belonging in their social networks. Any sexual health promotion within these sites must be understood as a site-specific intervention. Copyright © 2013 Reproductive Health Matters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Factors associated with sexual arousal, sexual sensation seeking, and sexual satisfaction among African-American adolescent females

    OpenAIRE

    Sales, Jessica M.; Smearman, Erica; Brody, Gene H.; Milhausen, Robin; Philibert, Robert A.; DiClemente, Ralph J.

    2013-01-01

    Sexuality-related constructs such as sexual arousal, sexual sensation seeking (SSS) and sexual satisfaction have been related to sexual behaviors that place one at risk for adverse consequences such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and unintended pregnancy. The biopsychosocial model posits an array of factors, ranging from social environmental factors, biological, and psychological predispositions that may be associated with these sexuality constructs in adolescent samples. Afr...

  17. HIV-Prevention Opportunities With GPS-Based Social and Sexual Networking Applications for Men Who Have Sex With Men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jenkins Hall, Wendasha; Sun, Christina J; Tanner, Amanda E; Mann, Lilli; Stowers, Jason; Rhodes, Scott D

    2017-02-01

    The goal of this study was to gain insight on the sexual health needs of men who have sex with men (MSM) who use GPS-based social and sexual networking mobile applications (apps) and the future utility of app-based interventions. A health educator promoted HIV-testing resources in four popular apps used by MSM. Content analysis was used to identify salient themes that emerged from the conversations. Four major themes were identified: (1) soliciting sexual encounters, (2) relationship building, (3) HIV and STI-testing inquiries, and (4) seeking other sexual health information. The results suggest the intervention's social media-based strategy, respect for community culture, and unobtrusive approach was advantageous in establishing credibility and rapport with app users. These results highlight a need for convenient and discreet methods to access accurate sexual health information and suggest that apps provide an alternative, non-traditional venue for sexual health education in addition to HIV testing promotion.

  18. HTLV-I en población de alto riesgo sexual de Pisco, Ica, Perú.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia GARRIDO

    1997-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Se estudiaron 141 personas con alto riesgo sexual en la ciudad de Pisco para detectar infección por HTLV-I. Material y Métodos: Se encuestaron y se tomaron muestras de sangre a 141 personas que involucró a trabajadoras sexuales (32, varones homosexuales (54, y varones bisexuales(55. Resultados: Tres de treintidós (10.4% trabajadoras sexuales fueron positivas; uno de cincuenticuatro (1.9% de varones homosexuales y ninguno de 55 bisexuales. Hubo una elevada frecuencia de parejas, así como el antecedente de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS en estos grupos con comportamiento de riesgo. Conclusiones: El HTLV-I es una infección frecuente en grupos de alto riesgo sexual de Pisco-Perú. (Rev Med Hered 1997; 8:104-107.

  19. Social support, self-esteem and depression: Relationship with risk for sexually transmitted infections/HIV transmission

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Teresa Ramiro

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS y el VIH son importantes problemas de salud que afectan a los adolescentes. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las relaciones entre depresión, autoestima, apoyo social percibido y el riesgo en las relaciones sexuales en función del sexo. En este estudio ex post facto participaron 1.005 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de edades comprendidas los 14 y 18 años. Los adolescentes cumplimentaron en las aulas de los centros de enseñanza secundaria un conjunto de cuestionarios que evaluaban depresión, autoestima, apoyo social percibido, conducta sexual y aspectos sociodemográficos. Los resultados mostraron que en los varones, la autoestima predecía un mayor riesgo vaginal, la depresión se relacionaba con un mayor riesgo sexual vaginal, anal y oral y el apoyo percibido de la familia predecía un menor riesgo vaginal y anal. En mujeres, se halló que la autoestima se asociaba con un menor riesgo en el sexo anal y el apoyo percibido de los amigos predecía un menor riesgo sexual anal y oral. Se destaca la importancia de la familia y los amigos en la prevención de las ITS/VIH así como la consideración de las diferencias sexuales.

  20. HIV-related social intolerance and risky sexual behavior in a high HIV prevalence environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delavande, Adeline; Sampaio, Mafalda; Sood, Neeraj

    2014-06-01

    Although most countries state that fighting social intolerance against persons with HIV is part of their national HIV strategy, the impact of reducing intolerance on risky sexual behavior is largely unknown. In this paper, we estimate the effect of social intolerance against HIV+ persons on risky sexual behavior in rural Malawi using data from roughly 2000 respondents from the 2004 and 2006 waves of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH). The effect of social intolerance on risky behavior is a priori ambiguous. On the one hand, higher social intolerance or stigma can lead people to disassociate from the stigmatized group and hence promote risky behavior. On the other hand, intolerance can be viewed as a social tax on being HIV+ and thus higher intolerance may reduce risky behavior. We find that a decrease in social intolerance is associated with a decrease in risky behavior, including fewer partners and a lower likelihood of having extra-marital relations. This effect is mainly driven by the impact of social intolerance on men. Overall the results suggests that reducing social intolerance might not only benefit the HIV positive but might also forestall the spread of HIV. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Same-sex sexual relationships in the national social life, health and aging project: making a case for data collection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Maria T; Grossman, Brian R

    2014-01-01

    This study describes the previously unexplored subsample of respondents who reported at least 1 same-sex sexual relationship (SSSR) in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). The NSHAP collected data from 3,005 adults (aged 57-85). Approximately 4% (n = 102) of respondents reported at least one SSSR. These sexual minority elders were younger, more educated, were more likely to be working, had fewer social supports, and better physical health. Results may indicate crisis competence in sexual minority elders. Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data in larger, US-based probability samples would inform the development of appropriate community-based services and supports.

  2. LGBT-Competence in Social Work Education: The Relationship of School Contexts to Student Sexual Minority Competence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCarty-Caplan, David

    2018-01-01

    This study examined the relationship between master of social work programs' (MSW) support of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people (LGBT-competence) and the sexual minority competence (LGB-competence) of social work students. Data were gathered from a sample of MSW program directors, faculty members, and students (N = 1385) within 34 MSW programs in the United States. A series of hierarchical linear models tested if a MSW program's LGBT-competence was associated with the LGB-competence of its students. Results showed a significant relationship between organizational LGBT-competence and individual LGB-competence within schools of social work, and that programs with greater LGBT-competence also had students who felt more competent to work with sexual minorities. These findings suggest schools of social work can take substantive action at an organizational level to improve the professional LGB-competence of future social workers. Implications for social work education are discussed.

  3. Social Support and Sexual Risk Among Establishment-Based Female Sex Workers in Tijuana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choudhury, Shonali Mona; Toller Erausquin, Jennifer; Park, Kyuwon; Anglade, Debbie

    2015-08-01

    Social support can affect health outcomes of female sex workers. In this inductive feminist grounded theory study based on 20 in-depth interviews, we explore how establishment-based female sex workers in Tijuana perceive the impact of the connections among women on their lives and health. Participants elected to discuss the importance of social support from mothers, sisters, friends, and co-workers, and the empowering and disempowering aspects of these relationships. In previous studies, scholars demonstrated the efficacy of formal organization of female sex workers in promoting the mitigation of sexual and HIV risk. We show the importance of informal ties with other women. Some participants mentioned competitive relationships, others talked about cooperation and the desire for a venue to learn from one another. Social interactions with other women are especially empowering when female sex workers can openly engage in "woman talk" that may contribute to the mitigation of sexual and HIV risk. © The Author(s) 2015.

  4. Effect of normative masculinity on males' dysfunctional sexual beliefs, sexual attitudes, and perceptions of sexual functioning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clarke, Michael J; Marks, Anthony D G; Lykins, Amy D

    2015-01-01

    Male sexual dysfunction is a prevalent and distressing condition, which may be exacerbated by the sufferer's perceptions of masculinity and normative sexual behavior. This study sought to investigate the effect of social context on males' beliefs regarding sexual behavior. The research examined the effect of male role modeling and masculine cues on males' dysfunctional sexual beliefs, sexual attitudes, and self-perceptions of sexual functioning. A sample of 140 male participants, with a mean age of 29 years, was exposed to pictorial and verbal cues that presented different versions of male behavior across three conditions. Results indicated that males exposed to models and cues of traditional masculinity showed significantly increased levels of dysfunctional sexual beliefs and traditional sexual attitudes relative to males exposed to models of modern masculinity. Results also indicated that males exposed to traditional masculine stimuli reported lower levels of sexual inhibition due to fear of performance failure than males exposed to models of modern masculinity. The potential role of social context is discussed in the development and maintenance of male sexual dysfunction and its implications for treatment.

  5. HIV risk, health, and social characteristics of sexual minority female injection drug users in Baltimore

    Science.gov (United States)

    German, Danielle; Latkin, Carl A.

    2015-01-01

    Female injection drug users {IDU} who report sex with women are at increased risk for HIV and social instability, but it is important to assess whether these disparities also exist according to sexual minority identity rather than behaviorally defined categories. Within a sample of current IDU in Baltimore, about 17% of female study participants (n=307) identified as gay/lesbian/bisexual. In controlled models, sexual minorities were three times as likely to report sex exchange behavior and four times as likely to report a recent STI. Injection risk did not differ significantly, but sexual minority women reported higher prevalence of socio-economic instability, negative health indicators, and fewer network financial, material, and health support resources. There is a need to identify and address socio-economic marginalization, social support, and health issues among female IDUs who identify as lesbian or bisexual. PMID:25504312

  6. Boredom Proneness, Social Connectedness, and Sexual Addiction among Men Who Have Sex with Male Internet Users

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chaney, Michael P.; Blalock, Andrew C.

    2006-01-01

    The authors collected surveys from 517 men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited from Internet chat rooms to examine the relationships among boredom, social connectedness, and sexual addiction. The results provide addictions professionals psychosocial factors to assess when working with sexually addicted MSM. (Contains 3 tables.)

  7. La sexualidad en «Las Etimologías» de San Isidoro de Sevilla: cristianismo y mentalidad social en la Hispania visigoda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gallego Franco, Henar

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Human sexuality, as an expression of the social behaviour, was a question of great interest in a triple way (educational, controlling and repressive for the ecclesiastic and civil authorities in Visigothic Spain. As a reflection of its time, Etymologiae by Saint Isidore of Seville gives evidence of the official christian sexual morality, which places a high value on chastity and follows faithfully the principles of ¿le patristic teaching, and shows its crystallization in a group of guidelines and advices for a healthy and correct use of sex which will penetrate deeply in the social mentality of Visigothic Spain.

    La sexualidad, como una expresión más del comportamiento social, fue objeto de gran interés, en una triple vertiente adoctrinadora, controladora y represora, por parte de las autoridades eclesiásticas y civiles de la Hispania visigoda. Reflejo de su época, «Las Etimologías» de San Isidoro de Sevilla dan testimonio de la moral sexual cristiana oficial, que prima el valor de la castidad y se ajusta fielmente a los valores de la doctrina patrística cristiana, y muestra su cristalización en un conjunto de directrices y consejos para un «sano y correcto» uso de la sexualidad que calarán hondamente en la mentalidad social hispanovisigoda.

  8. Comparing men who have sex with men and transgender women who use Grindr, other similar social and sexual networking apps, or no social and sexual networking apps: Implications for recruitment and health promotion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Christina J; Sutfin, Erin; Bachmann, Laura H; Stowers, Jason; Rhodes, Scott D

    2018-01-01

    Researchers and public health professionals have increased their attention to GPS-based social and sexual networking applications (apps) tailored to gay, bisexual, other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. These populations continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States, therefore these apps, in particular Grindr, have become an important sampling venue for the recruitment of HIV-related research participants. As such, it is essential to identify differences among app users to avoid potential sampling bias. This paper seeks to identify differences in MSM and transgender women who use Grindr and those who use other similar apps. A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used to recruit participants online who then completed a 25-item anonymous survey. Five domains were assessed: sociodemographics, HIV testing, sexual risk, substance abuse, and use of GPS-based social and sexual networking apps. 457 participants completed surveys. There were significant differences in the sociodemographic characteristics by app use, including age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and outness. After adjusting for the sociodemographic characteristics associated with app use, there were significant differences in HIV risk and substance use between the groups. This paper is the first to report on findings that compare MSM and transgender women who report using Grindr to MSM and transgender women who report using other similar apps. GPS-based social and sexual networking apps may offer a valuable recruitment tool for future HIV research seeking to recruit populations at increased risk for HIV or those living with HIV for therapeutic trials. Because of the differences identified across users of different apps, these findings suggest that if researchers recruited participants from just one app, they could end up with a sample quite different than if they had recruited MSM and transgender women from other apps.

  9. Insomnia, Nightmare Frequency, and Nightmare Distress in Victims of Sexual Abuse: The Role of Perceived Social Support and Abuse Characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steine, Iris M.; Krystal, John H.; Nordhus, Inger H.; Bjorvatn, Bjorn; Harvey, Allison G.; Eid, Jarle; Gronli, Janne; Milde, Anne M.; Pallesen, Stale

    2012-01-01

    In this study of victims of sexual abuse, the aim was to investigate the role of perceived social support and abuse characteristics in self-reported insomnia, nightmare frequency, and nightmare distress. Four hundred sixty Norwegian victims of sexual abuse completed a questionnaire assessing perceived social support, abuse characteristics,…

  10. The Contribution of Social Media to Body Dissatisfaction, Eating Disorder Symptoms, and Anabolic Steroid Use Among Sexual Minority Men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Griffiths, Scott; Murray, Stuart B; Krug, Isabel; McLean, Siân A

    2018-03-01

    Social media has been associated with body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms among young women and adolescent girls. However, despite notable evidence of susceptibility to body image pressures, it remains unknown whether these associations generalize to sexual minority men. A nationwide sample of 2,733 sexual minority men completed an online survey advertised to Australian and New Zealand users of a popular dating app. Participants answered questions about how frequently they used 11 different social media platforms in addition to questions about their dating app use, body image, eating disorder symptoms, and anabolic steroids. Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, and Snapchat were the most frequently used social media platforms. A pattern of small-sized and positive associations emerged between social media use and body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and thoughts about using anabolic steroids. Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat evidenced the strongest associations. The associations of social media use with both muscularity dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms were stronger for image-centric social media platforms (e.g., Instagram) than nonimage-centric platforms (e.g., Wordpress); no differences were observed for body fat dissatisfaction, height dissatisfaction, or thoughts about using anabolic steroids. Previously documented associations of social media use with body dissatisfaction and related variables among women and girls appear to generalize to sexual minority men. Social media platforms that more centrally involve imagery may be of greater concern than nonimage-centric platforms. Additional research with sexual minority men is needed to elucidate the distinctions between adaptive and maladaptive social media use in the context of body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and anabolic steroid use.

  11. The Contribution of Social Media to Body Dissatisfaction, Eating Disorder Symptoms, and Anabolic Steroid Use Among Sexual Minority Men

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murray, Stuart B.; Krug, Isabel; McLean, Siân A.

    2018-01-01

    Abstract Social media has been associated with body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms among young women and adolescent girls. However, despite notable evidence of susceptibility to body image pressures, it remains unknown whether these associations generalize to sexual minority men. A nationwide sample of 2,733 sexual minority men completed an online survey advertised to Australian and New Zealand users of a popular dating app. Participants answered questions about how frequently they used 11 different social media platforms in addition to questions about their dating app use, body image, eating disorder symptoms, and anabolic steroids. Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, and Snapchat were the most frequently used social media platforms. A pattern of small-sized and positive associations emerged between social media use and body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and thoughts about using anabolic steroids. Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat evidenced the strongest associations. The associations of social media use with both muscularity dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms were stronger for image-centric social media platforms (e.g., Instagram) than nonimage-centric platforms (e.g., Wordpress); no differences were observed for body fat dissatisfaction, height dissatisfaction, or thoughts about using anabolic steroids. Previously documented associations of social media use with body dissatisfaction and related variables among women and girls appear to generalize to sexual minority men. Social media platforms that more centrally involve imagery may be of greater concern than nonimage-centric platforms. Additional research with sexual minority men is needed to elucidate the distinctions between adaptive and maladaptive social media use in the context of body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and anabolic steroid use. PMID:29363993

  12. Oxitocina e comportamento humano Oxitocina y comportamiento humano Oxytocin and human behavior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Catarina Ferreira de Campos

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Recentemente, têm surgido numerosas especulações sobre o papel da oxitocina nas emoções e relações sociais do ser humano. O presente artigo retrata um estudo essencialmente reflexivo sobre o papel da oxitocina no comportamento humano. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi efectuada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, versão PubMed e CINAHL. Os principais resultados das pesquisas sustentam que os níveis de oxitocina aumentam em resposta à aplicação de massagem e indução de emoções positivas. A administração intranasal de oxitocina aumenta os níveis de calma, diminui o nível de ansiedade e promove comportamentos de confiança entre as pessoas. Uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos neurobioquímicos e biológicos do comportamento humano têm implicações cruciais para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico sobre patologias psiquiátricas com especial handicap nas relações sociais (exemplo: autismo, esquizofrenia, personalidade borderline.Recientemente, han surgido numerosas especulaciones sobre el papel de la oxitocina en las emociones y relaciones sociales del ser humano. El presente artículo retrata un estudio esencialmente reflexivo sobre el papel de la oxitocina en el comportamiento humano. La investigación bibliográfica fue efectuada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, versión PubMed y CINAHL. Los principales resultados de la investigación sustentan que los niveles de oxitocina aumentan en respuesta a la aplicación del masaje e inducción de emociones positivas. La administración intranasal de oxitocina aumenta los niveles de tranquilidad, disminuye el nivel de ansiedad y promueve comportamientos de confianza entre las personas. Una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos neurobioquímicos y biológicos del comportamiento humano tiene implicaciones cruciales para el desarrollo del conocimiento científico sobre patologías psiquiátricas con especial handicap en las relaciones sociales (ejemplo: autismo, esquizofrenia

  13. Where Sexual Harassment, Sexual Violence and Title IX Intersect

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abel, Kimberly

    2017-01-01

    Sexual harassment and sexual violence are complex social issues and a prevalent problem on college and university campuses. College students are an "at risk" population because of their age, developmental stage, proximity to one another, and their access to social activities influenced by peer pressure, alcohol, and other drugs. In this…

  14. The Social Environment and Childbearing Expectations: Implications for Strength-Based Sexual Health Interventions for Latino Youth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    vanDommelen-Gonzalez, Evan; Deardorff, Julianna; Herd, Denise; Minnis, Alexandra M

    2016-06-01

    In the United States, adolescent childbearing is disproportionately higher among Latino youth, a growing population facing substantial social exclusion. Exploring the relationship between the social environment and sexual health outcomes among Latino youth may offer insights into the development of novel interventions. In this study, Latino youth in partnerships were recruited from neighborhood venues in San Francisco and completed in-depth interviews. Youth reported a desire to complete higher education goals prior to starting a family to improve future opportunities and further personal development. Youth stated that social network members, family and partners, were supportive of their individual childbearing expectations. Social environment barriers tied to poverty, immigration status, and gang violence hindered educational attainment. Some differences were noted by gender and immigrant generation. Building on protective social ties and creating avenues in poor, urban neighborhoods for Latino youth to fully access educational opportunities may counter early childbearing and improve sexual health.

  15. Social polyandry, parental investment, sexual selection, and evolution of reduced female gamete size.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andersson, Malte

    2004-01-01

    Sexual selection in the form of sperm competition is a major explanation for small size of male gametes. Can sexual selection in polyandrous species with reversed sex roles also lead to reduced female gamete size? Comparative studies show that egg size in birds tends to decrease as a lineage evolves social polyandry. Here, a quantitative genetic model predicts that female scrambles over mates lead to evolution of reduced female gamete size. Increased female mating success drives the evolution of smaller eggs, which take less time to produce, until balanced by lowered offspring survival. Mean egg size is usually reduced and polyandry increased by increasing sex ratio (male bias) and maximum possible number of mates. Polyandry also increases with the asynchrony (variance) in female breeding start. Opportunity for sexual selection increases with the maximum number of mates but decreases with increasing sex ratio. It is well known that parental investment can affect sexual selection. The model suggests that the influence is mutual: owing to a coevolutionary feedback loop, sexual selection in females also shapes initial parental investment by reducing egg size. Feedback between sexual selection and parental investment may be common.

  16. Nonapeptidergic systems in the brain of the mouse. Mapping the distribution of vasopressin and oxytocin in the social and maternal brain = Sistemas nonapeptidérgicos en el encéfalo del ratón: cartografiando la distribución de vasopresina y oxitocina en el cerebro social y maternal

    OpenAIRE

    Otero García, Marcos

    2015-01-01

    1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. El comportamiento social El comportamiento social se define como el conjunto de interacciones que ocurren entre dos o más individuos de una misma especie. Presumiblemente, los comportamientos sociales evolucionaron al suponer una ventaja selectiva para los individuos que los practicaban. Por ejemplo, interacciones cooperativas pueden ayudar en la búsqueda de alimento, incrementar la protección contra depredadores o facilitar los desplazamientos y la cría. Las esp...

  17. Anxious Attachment, Social Isolation, and Indicators of Sex Drive and Compulsivity: Predictors of Child Sexual Abuse Perpetration in Adolescent Males?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miner, Michael H; Swinburne Romine, Rebecca; Robinson, Beatrice Bean E; Berg, Dianne; Knight, Raymond A

    2016-03-01

    It has been suggested that child sexual abuse is related to poor attachment to parents, which is associated with an inability to form intimate relationships. Seto and Lalumière indicated that there were too few studies of adolescent males to determine whether poor attachment was associated with perpetration. This study was designed to follow up on a previous study and further explored the association between insecure attachment to parents, social isolation, and interpersonal adequacy to child sexual abuse perpetration in adolescents. We compared two samples of adolescent males who had committed sexual offenses, those who committed offenses against children (n = 140) and those who committed offenses against peer or adults (n = 92), with a sample of similarly aged males in treatment for mental health or substance use issues (n = 93). Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and computer-administered questionnaire. We found an indirect association between anxious attachment and sexual offenses against child victims, which was accounted for by measures of social involvement and social isolation. These involvement and isolation measures also did not have a direct association with sexual offenses against child victims, in that their contribution was accounted for by a measure of Masculine Adequacy. This Masculine Adequacy, combined with decreased levels of Sexual Preoccupation and Hypersexuality and increased Sexual Compulsivity, was associated with commission of child sexual abuse. The interpersonal variables did not enter a model predicting sexual offending against peers/adults, which seemed solely associated with the interaction between Sexual Compulsivity and Hypersexuality. © The Author(s) 2014.

  18. Indian concepts on sexuality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chakraborty, Kaustav; Thakurata, Rajarshi Guha

    2013-01-01

    India is a vast country depicting wide social, cultural and sexual variations. Indian concept of sexuality has evolved over time and has been immensely influenced by various rulers and religions. Indian sexuality is manifested in our attire, behavior, recreation, literature, sculptures, scriptures, religion and sports. It has influenced the way we perceive our health, disease and device remedies for the same. In modern era, with rapid globalization the unique Indian sexuality is getting diffused. The time has come to rediscover ourselves in terms of sexuality to attain individual freedom and to reinvest our energy to social issues related to sexuality.

  19. "Sexuality? A million things come to mind": reflections on gender and sexuality by Chilean adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Macintyre, Anna K-J; Montero Vega, Adela R; Sagbakken, Mette

    2015-11-01

    Although Chile is a traditionally conservative country, considerable legal advances in sexual and reproductive rights over the past decade have brought discourses on sexuality into mainstream political, social and media agendas. In light of these changes it is important to explore how adolescents conceptualize sexuality, which in turn influences their understanding of sexual rights. This study is based on four focus group discussions and 20 semi-structured interviews with adolescents, and seven interviews with key informants in Santiago, Chile. Findings indicate that adolescent conceptualizations of sexuality are diverse, often expressed as attitudes or observations of their social context, and primarily shaped by peers, parents and teachers. Attitudes towards individuals with non-heterosexual orientations ranged from support to rejection, and conceptualizations of sexual diversity were also influenced by media, medicalization and biological explanations. Gender differences in sexual expression were described through gendered language and behaviour, in particular observations of gender stereotypes, censored female sexuality and discourses highlighting female risk. Many adolescents described social change towards greater equality regarding gender and sexuality. To optimize this change and help bridge the gap between legal and social recognition of sexual rights, adolescents should be encouraged to reflect critically on issues of gender equality and sexual diversity in Chile. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Clases de cachorros y problemas de comportamiento en perros

    OpenAIRE

    González Alonso, Almudena

    2017-01-01

    Traballo Fin de Grao en Veterinaria. Curso 2016-2017 [ES] Los perros que son debidamente socializados durante las primeras semanas de vida son menos propensos a la aparición de problemas de comportamiento, que pueden deteriorar el vínculo propietario-animal y provocar el abandono y eutanasia de las mascotas. La evidencia de los beneficios de las clases de cachorros no está tan clara, algunos estudios muestran que las clases impactan positivamente en el comportamiento de los adultos, reduci...

  1. Social-environmental factors and protective sexual behavior among sex workers: the Encontros intervention in Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lippman, Sheri A; Donini, Angela; Díaz, Juan; Chinaglia, Magda; Reingold, Arthur; Kerrigan, Deanna

    2010-04-01

    We sought to determine the association of social-environmental factors with condom use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 420 sex workers participating in an STI/HIV prevention study in Corumbá, Brazil, to inform future intervention efforts. Participants provided urine samples for polymerase chain reaction testing of chlamydia and gonorrhea and responded to multi-item scales addressing perceived social cohesion, participation in networks, and access to and management of resources. We conducted multivariate log-linear and negative binomial regression analyses of these data. Increased social cohesion was inversely associated with number of unprotected sex acts in the preceding week among women (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.80; P < .01), and there was a marginal association among men (adjusted IRR = 0.41; P = .08). Women's increased participation in social networks was associated with a decrease in frequency of unprotected sex acts (adjusted IRR = 0.83; P = .04), as was men's access to and management of social and material resources (IRR = 0.15; P = .01). Social-environmental factors were not associated with STIs. The social context within which populations negotiate sexual behaviors is associated with condom use. Future efforts to prevent STI/HIV should incorporate strategies to modify the social environment.

  2. Diferencias de género en preadolescentes en la vulnerabilidad a presentar comportamientos desadaptativos en condiciones de adversidad familiar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FÉLIX COVA SOLAR

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la existencia de diferencias de género en preadolescentes en la presencia de comportamientos desadaptativos de tipo internalizado y externalizado en condiciones de adversidad familiar. Se tomó una muestra de 133 niños y niñas de 11 a 13 años, elegidos al azar en 6 escuelas de alta vulnerabilidad social de la comuna de Concepción, Chile. La presencia de indicadores de adversidad familiar fue evaluada a través de una entrevista semiestructurada desarrollada por la OMS. Los comportamientos desadaptativos fueron valorados a través de informes de madres y profesores como a través de autoinformes. Aun cuando los niños presentaban más comportamientos desadaptativos, no se observó una vulnerabilidad particular de éstos a la existencia de un ambiente familiar adverso. En cambio, en las niñas sí se observó, en los autoinformes de síntomas, una mayor vulnerabilidad que en los niños en la expresión de síntomas emocionales al encontrarse en un ambiente familiar negativo.

  3. Social and Sexual Risk Factors among Sexual Minority Youth

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quinn, Katherine; Ertl, Allison

    2015-01-01

    This study explores the characteristics and risk behaviors of sexual minority high school students using the 2011 Wisconsin Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Among 3,043 students surveyed, 8% of students identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or unsure, and 7% reported having contact with same-sex partners. Findings indicate sexual minority students…

  4. Psychological distress, health protection, and sexual practices among young men who have sex with men: Using social action theory to guide HIV prevention efforts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Holloway, Ian W.; Traube, Dorian E.; Schrager, Sheree M.; Tan, Diane; Dunlap, Shannon; Kipke, Michele D.

    2017-01-01

    The present study addresses gaps in the literature related to theory development for young men who have sex with men (YMSM) sexual practices through the application and modification of Social Action Theory. Data come from the Healthy Young Men study (N = 526), which longitudinally tracked a diverse cohort of YMSM ages 18–24 to characterize risk and protective factors associated with drug use and sexual practices. Structural equation modeling examined the applicability of, and any necessary modifications to a YMSM-focused version of Social Action Theory. The final model displayed excellent fit (CFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.947, RMSEA = 0.037) and suggested concordance between social support and personal capacity for sexual health promotion. For YMSM, practicing health promotion and avoiding practices that may put them at risk for HIV was associated with both social isolation and psychological distress (β = -0.372, t = -4.601, pcognitive factors and sexual practices are an externalized response. Results point to the utility of Social Action Theory as a useful model for understanding sexual practices among YMSM, the application of which shows health protective sexual practices are a function of sociocognitive factors that are influenced by environmental contexts. Social Action Theory can help prevention scientists better address the needs of this vulnerable population. PMID:28886128

  5. Examining cultural, social, and self-related aspects of stigma in relation to sexual assault and trauma symptoms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deitz, Mandi F; Williams, Stacey L; Rife, Sean C; Cantrell, Peggy

    2015-05-01

    The current study investigated a model explaining sexual assault victims' severity of trauma symptoms that incorporated multiple stigma constructs. Integrating the sexual assault literature with the stigma literature, this study sought to better understand trauma-related outcomes of sexual assault by examining three levels of stigma-cultural, social, and self. Results showed self-stigma was significantly and positively related to trauma symptom severity. Thus, results revealed that the internalized aspect of stigma served as a mechanism in the relation between sexual assault severity and increased levels of trauma symptom severity, highlighting the importance of assessing self-stigma in women reporting sexual assault experiences. © The Author(s) 2015.

  6. Eficacia de la política social de explotación sexual comercial de niños, niñas y adolescentes en Santa Marta, desde la teoría del manejo social del riesgo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camilo Madariaga

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio interpretativo de carácter cualitativo, se orienta a determinar desde la teoría del manejo social del riesgo, la eficacia de la aplicación de la política pública de prevención y erradicación de la Explotación Sexual Comercial de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes-ESCNNA en Santa Marta, DTCH, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos y líderes, la revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones y de estrategias gubernamentales de protección social; la observación en el terreno y la comparación de sus opiniones y reflexiones, dirigido a analizar los factores que inciden en la prevención y erradicación del riesgo a que se ven sometidos los niños, niñas y adolescentes de la ciudad, frente al fenómeno social de la Explotación sexual comercial.Palabras Clave: protección social; manejo social del riesgo; peores formas de trabajo infantil; explotación sexual comercial.ABSTRACTEffectiveness of public policy implementation for prevention and abolition of children commercial sexual exploitation in Santa Marta (Colombia, from the theory of social risk managementThe purpose of this qualitative interpretive research, which aims to determine from the theory of social risk management, the effectiveness of public policy implementation for prevention and abolition of children commercial sexual exploitation in Santa Marta (Colombia, through in-depth interviews with experts and leaders, the literature review of research and government social protection strategies, field observation and comparison of their views and reflections aimed at analyzing the factors that impact on the prevention and abolition of social risk, faced by them within the social phenomenon of commercial sexual exploitation.Keywords: social protection; social risk management; worst forms of child labour; commercial sexual exploitation.

  7. Influencia del rol de género en la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes universitarios Influence of gender role on the sexual behavior of university students

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yesica Yolanda Rangel Flores

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento sexual de estudiantes universitarios y la influencia del género en la caracterización del mismo. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional efectuado de Enero a Junio de 2009. Muestra probabilística estratificada de 250 estudiantes de cinco programas de Licenciatura. Aplicación de instrumento creado ex profeso, validado mediante expertos y con una confiabilidad comprobada de .78 mediante Alpha de Cronbach. Estadística descriptiva e inferencial a través de SPSS 17.0. Resultados: 56.6% de la población refiere vida sexual activa, con mayor ejercicio en los hombres (x²=13.272 p=.01. Hombres más que mujeres y con una diferencia significativa refirieron tener relaciones sexuales con más de una persona en un mismo periodo de tiempo (Tb=.730 p=.000, tener encuentros sexuales casuales (Tb=.294 p=.000. La utilización del condón se refiere como habitual más en hombres (86.8% que en mujeres (50% (V=.377 p=.002. Conclusiones: Se identifican conductas de riesgo tanto en hombres como en mujeres, en ambos casos íntimamente ligados a las representaciones sociales de género.Objective: Analyze the sexual behavior of University students and the influence of gender in the characterization of the referred behavior. Material and methods: Transverse, descriptive and correlational study which was carried out from January to June 2009. Stratified probabistical sample of 250 students from five bachelor degree programs. Application of an instrument created on purpose, validated by experts with a proven reliability of .78 using Cronbach Alpha. Descriptive statistical s and inferential using SPSS 17.0. Results: 56.6% of the population referred having an active sex life, with greater exercise in men (x² = 13. 272 p =. 01. Men more than women and with a significant difference, men spoke of having sex with more than one person in a same period of time (Tb =. 730 p =. 000, having casual sexual

  8. Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Okal, Jerry; Luchters, Stanley; Geibel, Scott; Chersich, Matthew F; Lango, Daniel; Temmerman, Marleen

    2009-11-01

    Knowledge about sexual practices and life experiences of men having sex with men in Kenya, and indeed in East Africa, is limited. Although the impact of male same-sex HIV transmission in Africa is increasingly acknowledged, HIV prevention initiatives remain focused largely on heterosexual and mother-to-child transmission. Using data from ten in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions (36 men), this analysis explores social and behavioural determinants of sexual risks among men who sell sex to men in Mombasa, Kenya. Analysis showed a range and variation of men by age and social class. First male same-sex experiences occurred for diverse reasons, including love and pleasure, as part of sexual exploration, economic exchange and coercion. Condom use is erratic and subject to common constraints, including notions of sexual interference and motivations of clients. Low knowledge compounds sexual risk taking, with a widespread belief that the risk of HIV transmission through anal sex is lower than vaginal sex. Traditional family values, stereotypes of abnormality, gender norms and cultural and religious influences underlie intense stigma and discrimination. This information is guiding development of peer education programmes and sensitisation of health providers, addressing unmet HIV prevention needs. Such changes are required throughout Eastern Africa.

  9. Sexuality: measures of partnerships, practices, attitudes, and problems in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Waite, Linda J; Laumann, Edward O; Das, Aniruddha; Schumm, L Philip

    2009-11-01

    The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) was designed to examine the relationship between sexual behavior, sexual problems, and health among older women and men. We describe measures of sexual partnerships, sexual practices, sexual problems, attitudes toward sex, and nonsexual intimacy in the first wave of NSHAP. We compare measures of sexuality for those 57-85 years old, by age, separately for men and women. We construct scales of sexual mores, sexual interest, and relationship satisfaction and discuss properties of each scale. Sexuality among older adults tends to vary with age and gender. At all ages in this study, men are more likely than women to have a partner, more likely to be sexually active with that partner, and tend to have more positive and permissive attitudes toward sex. The proportions in a sexual partnership, behavior, problems, and attitudes all differ substantially by age. And these age patterns often differ for men and women. Data obtained in the NSHAP can be used to construct key measures of sexuality among older adults; to examine sexuality itself; and to explore the link between sexuality, health, well-being, and other dimensions of the lives of older adults.

  10. Sexual health promotion on social networking sites: a process evaluation of The FaceSpace Project.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nguyen, Phuong; Gold, Judy; Pedrana, Alisa; Chang, Shanton; Howard, Steve; Ilic, Olivia; Hellard, Margaret; Stoove, Mark

    2013-07-01

    This article reports findings from an evaluation of reach and engagement of The FaceSpace Project, a novel sexual health promotion project delivered through social networking sites that targeted young people aged 16-29 years. Multiple methods were used to evaluate project reach and engagement. The evaluation focussed on quantitative data (online usage statistics, online surveys), complemented by available qualitative data (project team meeting notes). The project reached 900 fans who were mostly between 18 and 34 years of age. The most successful ways of increasing audience reach were via Facebook advertisements and tagging photos of young people attending a music festival on the project Facebook page. Peaks in Facebook page interactions (comments and "likes") coincided with recruitment peaks and when videos were posted. However, video views varied greatly between postings. Feedback from the project team for increasing engagement in future social networking site interventions included having one centralized Facebook page and using episodic videos. This evaluation is among the first to assess the use of social networking sites for sexual health promotion and provides information to inform the implementation and evaluation of future projects using new media. Social networking sites offer great potential to reach and engage young people for sexual health promotion. However, further work is required to improve implementation and promote audience reach and engagement as well as to determine effectiveness of social networking sites in changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Copyright © 2013 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Women at Sea: modesty, privacy, and sexual misconduct of passengers and sailors aboard Islamic ships

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Khalilieh, Hassan S.

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available The article deals with the attitude of Islamic law towards the carriage of women by water and how Muslim judicial authorities viewed their presence on ships. It discusses the conditions under which women were carried, accommodated and treated, in addition to their personal and social behavior in ships. To apply Islamic religious ethics and navigational regulations during maritime journeys, jurists instructed owners of ships, crews, and passengers how to act in the event of an immoral behavior on the part of both or either party. Women could protect themselves against temptation and sexual harassment by dressing modestly, behaving properly, and traveling with mahrams. Even though this work focuses on the Islamic Mediterranean, the article briefly describes the punishment of sexual misconduct as established in the thirteenth century C.E. in Islamic Malay. Lastly, it touches the Islamic legal position on the transportation of Muslims aboard Christian ships.

    Este artículo trata de la actitud de la ley islámica acerca del transporte marítimo de las mujeres y de cómo las autoridades jurídicas musulmanas consideraban su presencia en los barcos. Discute las condiciones bajo las cuales las mujeres eran acomodadas y tratadas en los barcos así como el comportamiento personal y social que se esperaba de ellas. Con el fin de aplicar la ética islámica y las normas marítimas, los juristas informaban a los armadores, tripulaciones y pasajeros de cómo actuar en el caso de comportamiento inmoral por alguna o varias de las partes. El trabajo se centra en el Mediterráneo Islámico, pero trata brevemente el castigo de la conducta

  12. Dance and sexuality: many moves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hanna, Judith Lynne

    2010-03-01

    This literature review of dance and sexual expression considers dance and religion, dance and sexuality as a source of power, manifestations of sexuality in Western theater art and social dance, plus ritual and non-Western social dance. Expressions of gender, sexual orientation, asexuality, ambiguity, and adult entertainment exotic dance are presented. Prominent concerns in the literature are the awareness, closeting, and denial of sexuality in dance; conflation of sexual expression and promiscuity of gender and sexuality, of nudity and sexuality, and of dancer intention and observer interpretation; and inspiration for infusing sexuality into dance. Numerous disciplines (American studies, anthropology, art history, comparative literature, criminology, cultural studies, communication, dance, drama, English, history, history of consciousness, journalism, law, performance studies, philosophy, planning, retail geography, psychology, social work, sociology, and theater arts) have explored dance and sexual expression, drawing upon the following concepts, which are not mutually exclusive: critical cultural theory, feminism, colonialism, Orientalism, postmodernism, poststructuralism, queer theory, and semiotics. Methods of inquiry include movement analysis, historical investigation, anthropological fieldwork, autoethnography, focus groups, surveys, and self-reflection or autobiographical narrative. Directions for future exploration are addressed.

  13. VALORES, COMPORTAMIENTO PRO-SOCIAL Y CRECIMIENTO PERSONAL EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DESPUÉS DEL TERREMOTO DEL 15 DE AGOSTO DE 2007/ VALUES, PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONAL GROWTH IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AFTER THE AUGUST 15TH, 2007 EARTHQUAKE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agustín Espinosa*

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available RESUMENLa presente investigación describe y analiza las relaciones entre los valores, el comportamiento pro-social y el crecimiento personal ante eventos traumáticos, tomando la experiencia del terremoto del 15 de agosto del 2007 en Lima, Perú. A partir de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (N = 112, se analizó cómo la presencia o ausencia del comportamiento de ayuda se relacionaba con los valores de Schwartz y el crecimiento personal. Los resultados muestran que los valores de Promoción Personal y Apertura al Cambio se asocian a una menor expresión de conductas de ayuda. En contraposición, las personas que más ayudaron expresaron mayores niveles de Auto-Trascendencia, aunque este resultado no fue estadísticamentesignificativo, por lo que esta relación sólo puede ser argumentada conceptualmente. Así mismo, las personas que más ayudaron presentaron puntuaciones más altas en crecimiento personal, lo que sugiere que el fortalecer la cooperación en situaciones traumáticas puede potencialmente tener un impacto positivo en el bienestar de las personas.ABSTRACTThis paper describes and analyzes relationship among values, pro-social behavior and personal growth after a traumatic situation such as the earthquake of August 15, 2007 in Lima Peru. On a sample of university students (N = 112, we analyzed if aid behaviors toward victims were related to Schwartz values and personal growth. Results showed that values of Selfenhancementand Openness to change were related to lower expression of Pro-social behavior. On the other hand, people who have collaborated with victims scored higher on Self-transcendence values. Although this relation was not statistically significant, it could be supported theoretically. Besides, people who are prone to aid showed higher scores in personal growth. It suggests that strengthen of cooperation in traumatic situations, could improve well-being in people.

  14. Predicting sexual coercion in early adulthood: The transaction among maltreatment, gang affiliation, and adolescent socialization of coercive relationship norms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ha, Thao; Kim, Hanjoe; Christopher, Caroline; Caruthers, Allison; Dishion, Thomas J

    2016-08-01

    This study tested a transactional hypothesis predicting early adult sexual coercion from family maltreatment, early adolescent gang affiliation, and socialization of adolescent friendships that support coercive relationship norms. The longitudinal study of a community sample of 998 11-year-olds was intensively assessed in early and middle adolescence and followed to 23-24 years of age. At age 16-17 youth were videotaped with a friend, and their interactions were coded for coercive relationship talk. Structural equation modeling revealed that maltreatment predicted gang affiliation during early adolescence. Both maltreatment and gang affiliation strongly predicted adolescent sexual promiscuity and coercive relationship norms with friends at age 16-17 years. Adolescent sexual promiscuity, however, did not predict sexual coercion in early adulthood. In contrast, higher levels of observed coercive relationship talk with a friend predicted sexual coercion in early adulthood for both males and females. These findings suggest that peers have a socialization function in the development of norms prognostic of sexual coercion, and the need to consider peers in the promotion of healthy relationships.

  15. Sex differences in parental care: Gametic investment, sexual selection, and social environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liker, András; Freckleton, Robert P; Remeš, Vladimir; Székely, Tamás

    2015-11-01

    Male and female parents often provide different type and amount of care to their offspring. Three major drivers have been proposed to explain parental sex roles: (1) differential gametic investment by males and females that precipitates into sex difference in care, (2) different intensity of sexual selection acting on males and females, and (3) biased social environment that facilitates the more common sex to provide more care. Here, we provide the most comprehensive assessment of these hypotheses using detailed parental care data from 792 bird species covering 126 families. We found no evidence for the gametic investment hypothesis: neither gamete sizes nor gamete production by males relative to females was related to sex difference in parental care. However, sexual selection correlated with parental sex roles, because the male share in care relative to female decreased with both extra-pair paternity and frequency of male polygamy. Parental sex roles were also related to social environment, because male parental care increased with male-biased adult sex ratios (ASRs). Taken together, our results are consistent with recent theories suggesting that gametic investment is not tied to parental sex roles, and highlight the importance of both sexual selection and ASR in influencing parental sex roles. © 2015 The Author(s). Evolution © 2015 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

  16. Relación de las actitudes personales y de la norma social con la actividad sexual de los adolescentes*

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    Elvia Vargas Trujillo

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available Using a sample of 326 high-school students (178 males, 144 females, 4 participants who did not indicate their sex between 13 and 18 years old, from lower, middle and upper socio-economic levels, the relationship between personal attitude and the perceived social norm (perception of friends' attitude and of peer norm was examined with several indicators of the sexual activity of participants.A self-report questionnaire was used in order to get information about the variables of the study. The analysis of information showed that only one 31 percent of the young participants had had penetrative sexual relationships. Correlation and regression analyses support the statements of Reasoned Action Theory on the importance of personal attitude and the youth's perception of the social norm in explaining sexual activity during adolescence. The study's predictive variables explain between a 10 percent and a 60 percent variability of each one of the sexual activity indicators. It was statistically verified that the influence of perception of sexual attitudes of friends on penetrative sexual activity takes place through the personal sexual attitude. These results confirm the role of cognition in healthy behaviour and point to the need to bear it in mind in programs of sexual and reproductive health promotion campaigns.

  17. Incidencia en los tipos de acoso sexual en el trabajo en España

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    Cristina Cuenca-Piqueras

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El acoso sexual en el trabajo ha sido clasificado de muy diversas formas debido a los diferentes comportamientos que se incluyen bajo este concepto. En el presente trabajo se analizan las múltiples tipologías de acoso sexual, realizando una propuesta propia. Además, se pretende comprobar que esta clasificación tiene sentido práctico utilizando la Técnica del Escalamiento Multidimensional ( alscal , y al mismo tiempo, comprobar la fuerza explicativa de la Teoría multidimensional del acoso en España. Los resultados muestran diferencias respecto al conjunto de nacionales y extranjeras, pues las mujeres migrantes sufren los tipos más graves de acoso sexual en mayor proporción que las autóctonas.

  18. Insights into the role of age and social interactions on the sexual attractiveness of queens in an eusocial bee, Melipona flavolineata (Apidae, Meliponini)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veiga, Jamille Costa; Menezes, Cristiano; Contrera, Felipe Andrés León

    2017-04-01

    The attraction of sexual partners is a vital necessity among insects, and it involves conflict of interests and complex communication systems among male and female. In this study, we investigated the developing of sexual attractiveness in virgin queens (i.e., gynes) of Melipona flavolineata, an eusocial stingless bee. We followed the development of sexual attractiveness in 64 gynes, belonging to seven age classes (0, 3, 6, 9, 15, 18 days post-emergence), and we also evaluated the effect of different social interactions (such as competition between queens and interactions with workers) on the development of attractiveness in other 60 gynes. We used the number of males that tried to mate with a focal gyne as a representative variable of its sexual attractiveness. During the essays, each gyne was individually presented to 10 sexually mature males, and during 3 min, we counted the number of males that everted their genitalia in response to the presence of a gyne. Here, we show that M. flavolineata gynes are capable to (i) maintain their sexual attractiveness for long periods through adult life, (ii) they need a minimum social interaction to trigger the development of sexual attractiveness, and (iii) that gynes express this trait only within a social context. We conclude that the effective occurrence of matings is conditional on potential social interactions that gynes experienced before taking the nuptial flight, when they are still in the nest. These findings bring insights into the factors determining reproductive success in social insects.

  19. Sexual health for people with intellectual disability Salud sexual para personas con discapacidad intelectual

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    Gillian Eastgate

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available People with intellectual disability experience the same range of sexual needs and desires as other people. However, they experience many difficulties meeting their needs. They may be discouraged from relieving sexual tension by masturbating. They face a high risk of sexual abuse. They are likely not to be offered the full range of choices for contraception and sexual health screening. Poor education and social isolation may increase their risk of committing sexual offences. However, with appropriate education and good social support, people with intellectual disability are capable of safe, constructive sexual expression and healthy relationships. Providing such support is an essential part of supporting people with intellectual disability.Las personas con discapacidad intelectual experimentan el mismo rango de necesidades y deseos sexuales que las demás, sin embargo éstas encuentran muchas dificultades para satisfacer sus necesidades. En ocasiones se les desalienta de aliviar la tensión sexual mediante masturbación, corren un alto riesgo de sufrir abuso sexual y es muy probable que no se les ofrezcan todas las opciones de anticoncepción y exámenes de salud sexual. La escasa educación y el aislamiento social pueden aumentar el riesgo de que cometan infracciones sexuales. Sin embargo, con una educación apropiada y con un buen apoyo social las personas con discapacidad intelectual pueden encontrar relaciones saludables y una expresión sexual segura y constructiva. Parte esencial de la asistencia a las personas con discapacidad intelectual consiste precisamente en proporcionarles dicho apoyo.

  20. Social representations of adolescents on sexual relations and the use of condoms

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    Elys de Oliveira Bezerra

    Full Text Available The objective of this investigation was to identify how adolescents structure the social representations of sexual intercourse and use of condoms. Exploratory and descriptive research was conducted with a convenience sample consisting of 234 students of a public secondary school in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, between July 2009 and April 2010. Data were collected using a questionnaire with variables on socioeconomic status and sexual behaviour, and Free Association test with three terms: 'sex', 'unprotected sex' and 'sex with a condom'. Sexual intercourse was represented by love and affection among the women, while men associated sex to pleasure, desire and attraction toward the female body. The condom was considered important by both groups, but men represented condoms as being something bad that restricts pleasure. Health professionals are granted the opportunity to identify vulnerabilities of this population to DST/HIV/AIDS and work with these vulnerabilities in the most appropriate way.

  1. The Social Construction of Gender and Sexuality: Learning from Two Spirit Traditions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sheppard, Maia; Mayo, J. B., Jr.

    2013-01-01

    The authors encourage teachers to make use of existing, standard social studies curriculum to uncover and to make visible the normative assumptions that underlie American cultural beliefs about gender and sexuality. The article provides an overview of how some cultures within the various Native American nations conceptualize gender and sexuality…

  2. Sexuality and Life-Threatening Illness: Implications for Social Work and Palliative Care

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cagle, John G.; Bolte, Sage

    2009-01-01

    Social workers in hospice and palliative care settings have been charged with the responsibility of addressing sexuality with their patients and families. However, little direction has been offered as to how to approach this difficult subject within the context of palliative care. This article provides a critical analysis of the previous…

  3. Social Exchange and Sexual Behavior in Young Women's Premarital Relationships in Kenya

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luke, Nancy; Goldberg, Rachel E.; Mberu, Blessing U.; Zulu, Eliya M.

    2011-01-01

    Transactional sex, or the exchange of money and gifts for sexual activities within nonmarital relationships, has been widely considered a contributing factor to the disproportionate prevalence of HIV/AIDS among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study applied social exchange theory to premarital relationships in order to investigate the…

  4. Redes sociais e comportamento sexual: para uma visão relacional da sexualidade, do risco e da prevenção Social networks and sexual behaviour: towards a relational approach to sexuality, risk-taking behaviour and prevention practices

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    Sofia Aboim

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Com base num inquérito representativo da população portuguesa entre 18 e 65 anos, realizado em 2007, este estudo investiga o impacto de fatores de rede social sobre os comportamentos sexuais dos indivíduos. Através da percepção normativa dos inquiridos sobre a moral sexual dos seus amigos e familiares e de indicadores relativos à caracterização da rede de confidência sexual, tais como o número, a identidade, o gênero, a idade e o comportamento dos confidentes em matéria de sexualidade e prevenção face ao risco de infecção por DSTs, obtivemos um retrato multidimensional das redes sociais dos indivíduos. A realização de análises de regressão linear e logística permitiu avaliar o impacto preditivo da rede sobre o número de parceiros sexuais, as relações sexuais ocasionais e o uso do preservativo. Os dados mostram que os fatores de rede são importantes para explicar o comportamento sexual dos indivíduos. Redes constituídas por amigos e mais liberais em termos de moral sexual tendem a influenciar o comportamento sexual, levando a um maior experimentalismo, sobretudo no caso das mulheres. Por outro lado, a homologia entre o comportamento sexual dos confidentes e o dos inquiridos é relevante para explicar o recurso ao preservativo nas relações sexuais ocasionais, especialmente no caso dos homens. Tanto numa perspectiva relacional da sexualidade como numa óptica epidemiológica, a análise das redes sociais dos indivíduos constitui um aspecto importante para a compreensão e explicação da variedade de experiências sexuais, mais restritas ou mais plurais, e para os riscos de infecção que daí podem advir.Based on a representative survey of the Portuguese population aged between 18 and 65, carried out in 2007, this study investigates the impact of social networks on the sexual behaviour of individuals. Through the normative perceptions respondents have of the sexual morals of their family members and friends, as

  5. The Impact of Personal Gender-Typicality and Partner Gender-Traditionality on Taking Sexual Initiative: Investigating a Social Tuning Hypothesis.

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    Emmerink, Peggy M J; Van Den Eijnden, Regina J J M; Ter Bogt, Tom F M; Vanwesenbeeck, Ine

    2017-01-01

    Sexual assertiveness is an issue of interest in the context of gender equality and sexual health. This study investigated the social tuning hypothesis that encountering a gender-traditional partner would lead to stronger gender-typical behavior, i.e., respectively, higher and lower levels of taking sexual initiative among men and women. Participants ( N = 271) read a vignette describing a romantic partner, who was either presented as gender-traditional or not, followed by a sexual scenario. Subsequently, participants were asked about their expectations toward their own sexual initiative taking. Results showed a significant 'target gender-traditionality × participant gender × participant gender-typicality (masculinity/femininity)' interaction meaning that less gender-typical men were more likely to initiate sexual contact in the experimental, compared to the control condition. Men low in masculine characteristics showed higher initiative taking in response to a gender-traditional target female. We conclude that less gender-typical men seem to employ more social tuning toward their sexual partner, whereas more gender-typical men seem to adhere to their gender-typical behavior regardless of perceived partner characteristics. These results were not seen among the women in the sample. These findings are a starting point for the further development of experimental investigations regarding the gendered nature of both sexual initiative taking and sexual assertiveness in general.

  6. The Impact of Personal Gender-Typicality and Partner Gender-Traditionality on Taking Sexual Initiative: Investigating a Social Tuning Hypothesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Emmerink, Peggy M. J.; Van Den Eijnden, Regina J. J. M.; Ter Bogt, Tom F. M.; Vanwesenbeeck, Ine

    2017-01-01

    Sexual assertiveness is an issue of interest in the context of gender equality and sexual health. This study investigated the social tuning hypothesis that encountering a gender-traditional partner would lead to stronger gender-typical behavior, i.e., respectively, higher and lower levels of taking sexual initiative among men and women. Participants (N = 271) read a vignette describing a romantic partner, who was either presented as gender-traditional or not, followed by a sexual scenario. Subsequently, participants were asked about their expectations toward their own sexual initiative taking. Results showed a significant ‘target gender-traditionality × participant gender × participant gender-typicality (masculinity/femininity)’ interaction meaning that less gender-typical men were more likely to initiate sexual contact in the experimental, compared to the control condition. Men low in masculine characteristics showed higher initiative taking in response to a gender-traditional target female. We conclude that less gender-typical men seem to employ more social tuning toward their sexual partner, whereas more gender-typical men seem to adhere to their gender-typical behavior regardless of perceived partner characteristics. These results were not seen among the women in the sample. These findings are a starting point for the further development of experimental investigations regarding the gendered nature of both sexual initiative taking and sexual assertiveness in general. PMID:28203216

  7. ¿Mito o realidad? Influencia de la ideología en la percepción social del acoso sexual

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    Antonio Herrera

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El acoso sexual se ha convertido en un problema de gran importancia en la actualidad social, que sin embargo está invisibilizado. El objeto de este trabajo se centró en indagar posibles factores que influyen en la percepción social del acoso. En un primer estudio, 177 participantes leyeron un escenario de acoso sexual donde un jefe acosa a una trabajadora. Posteriormente contestaban las medidas de interés. En un segundo estudio 65 participantes leyeron un escenario, donde un profesor acosa sexualmente a una estudiante, y después contestaban las medidas de interés. Los principales resultados mostraron que los participantes que toleraban más el acoso, poseían más mitos hacia el acoso sexual y actitudes sexistas, atribuían una mayor culpabilidad a la víctima y percibían la conducta como menos acosadora. Estudios como este podrían ayudar a crear una mayor conciencia social acerca del acoso sexual, con el objetivo de poder detectar e intervenir sobre tales situaciones.

  8. The Double Standard at Sexual Debut: Gender, Sexual Behavior and Adolescent Peer Acceptance

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    Kreager, Derek A.; Staff, Jeremy; Gauthier, Robin; Lefkowitz, Eva S.; Feinberg, Mark E.

    2016-01-01

    A sexual double standard in adolescence has important implications for sexual development and gender inequality. The present study uses longitudinal social network data (N = 914; 11–16 years of age) to test if gender moderates associations between adolescents’ sexual behaviors and peer acceptance. Consistent with a traditional sexual double standard, female adolescents who reported having sex had significant decreases in peer acceptance over time, whereas male adolescents reporting the same behavior had significant increases in peer acceptance. This pattern was observed net of respondents’ own perceived friendships, further suggesting that the social responses to sex vary by gender of the sexual actor. However, findings for “making out” showed a reverse double standard, such that female adolescents reporting this behavior had increases in peer acceptance and male adolescents reporting the same behavior had decreases in peer acceptance over time. Results thus suggest that peers enforce traditional sexual scripts for both “heavy” and “light” sexual behaviors during adolescence. These findings have important implications for sexual health education, encouraging educators to develop curricula that emphasize the gendered social construction of sexuality and to combat inequitable and stigmatizing peer responses to real or perceived deviations from traditional sexual scripts. PMID:27833252

  9. Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Unanticipated Consequences of Modern Social Control in Organizations.

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    Mueller, Charles W.; De Coster, Stacy; Estes, Sarah Beth

    2001-01-01

    Modern organizational changes purportedly intended to increase job satisfaction and reduce turnover are actually forms of social control. Analysis of data from 6,000 employees found that an unintended yet beneficial consequence of these changes is reduced sexual harassment. (Contains 60 references.) (SK)

  10. Psycho-social picture of sexually active adolescent girls: Results of research survey

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    Stanković Biljana

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available In a demographic sense, adolescents are a population group which is yet to take part in birth giving. Therefore, their sexual behavior and especially sexual activity at early ages which is not only unfavorable from the aspect of the individual, meaning risk for psycho-physical health, but from the aspect of society as well, as regards population fertility, deserves special attention. This paper shows the results of in-depth research carried out in Belgrade from September 2001 to October 2002 with an aim to establish which factors determine a young person, of sixteen years old or younger, to become sexually active. It was carried out on a sample of 111 adolescent girls between 14 and 20 years old which turned to the Republic Family Planning Center Youth Counseling Clinic of the Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia. The research showed that sexual experience, realized at an early age was an integral part of development and maturing for the largest number of surveyed girls. In the largest number of cases it was a positive experience, induced by love and experienced with a partner, mainly of the same age, with which they were in a longer, stable relationship. Nevertheless, it could be concluded from the results obtained by the research that the surveyed girls could have more easily and efficiently solved their problems and dilemmas regarding sexuality had they had the possibility to obtain a better insight into their personal feelings and feelings of others at the right time, as well as developed social experience and experience in mastering control of their impulses. With a certain number of surveyed girls that would have meant a delay in their sexual activities to a later age. This also refers to the prevention of other risky behavior such as use of alcohol and drugs, which also have an influence on changing sexual behavior, making it more risky. It is important to stress that the surveyed adolescent girls themselves recognized the

  11. Psychological distress, health protection, and sexual practices among young men who have sex with men: Using social action theory to guide HIV prevention efforts.

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    Ian W Holloway

    Full Text Available The present study addresses gaps in the literature related to theory development for young men who have sex with men (YMSM sexual practices through the application and modification of Social Action Theory. Data come from the Healthy Young Men study (N = 526, which longitudinally tracked a diverse cohort of YMSM ages 18-24 to characterize risk and protective factors associated with drug use and sexual practices. Structural equation modeling examined the applicability of, and any necessary modifications to a YMSM-focused version of Social Action Theory. The final model displayed excellent fit (CFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.947, RMSEA = 0.037 and suggested concordance between social support and personal capacity for sexual health promotion. For YMSM, practicing health promotion and avoiding practices that may put them at risk for HIV was associated with both social isolation and psychological distress (β = -0.372, t = -4.601, p<0.001; psychological distress is an internalized response to environmental and cognitive factors and sexual practices are an externalized response. Results point to the utility of Social Action Theory as a useful model for understanding sexual practices among YMSM, the application of which shows health protective sexual practices are a function of sociocognitive factors that are influenced by environmental contexts. Social Action Theory can help prevention scientists better address the needs of this vulnerable population.

  12. Sexual orientation, minority stress, social norms, and substance use among racially diverse adolescents.

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    Mereish, Ethan H; Goldbach, Jeremy T; Burgess, Claire; DiBello, Angelo M

    2017-09-01

    Sexual minority adolescents are more likely than their heterosexual peers to use substances. This study tested factors that contribute to sexual orientation disparities in substance use among racially and ethnically diverse adolescents. Specifically, we examined how both minority stress (i.e., homophobic bullying) and social norms (i.e., descriptive and injunctive norms) may account for sexual orientation disparities in recent and lifetime use of four substances: tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and prescription drugs. A probability sample of middle and high school students (N=3012; aged 11-18 years old; 71.2% racial and ethnic minorities) using random cluster methods was obtained in a mid-size school district in the Southeastern United States. Sexual minority adolescents were more likely than heterosexual adolescents to use substances, experience homophobic bullying, and report higher descriptive norms for close friends and more permissive injunctive norms for friends and parents. While accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, multiple mediation models concurrently testing all mediators indicated that higher descriptive and more permissive injunctive norms were significant mediators of the associations between sexual orientation and recent and lifetime use of the four substances, whereas homophobic bullying was not a significant mediator of the associations between sexual orientation and recent and lifetime use of any of the substances. Descriptive and injunctive norms, in conjunction with minority stress, are important to consider in explaining sexual orientation disparities in substance use among racially diverse adolescents. These results have implications for substance use interventions among sexual minority adolescents. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Sexual prejudice.

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    Herek, Gregory M; McLemore, Kevin A

    2013-01-01

    Despite shifts toward greater acceptance in U.S. public opinion and policy, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people remain widely stigmatized. This article reviews empirical research on sexual prejudice, that is, heterosexuals' internalization of cultural stigma, manifested in the form of negative attitudes toward sexual minorities and same-sex desires and behaviors. After briefly reviewing measurement issues, we discuss linkages between sexual prejudice and religion, gender, sexuality, and related variables, and consider how the cultural institutions encompassing these domains create a social context within which individual expressions of prejudice can meet important psychological needs. These include needs for securing social acceptance, affirming values that are central to one's self-concept, and avoiding anxiety and other negative emotions associated with threats to self-esteem. We conclude by discussing factors that may motivate heterosexuals to reduce their own sexual prejudice, including intergroup contact, as well as avenues for future empirical inquiry.

  14. [Sexuality in the elderly: The role of the physicians in maintaining sexual health of older men].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chakkalakal, D; Weißbach, L

    2015-12-01

    Sexuality in the elderly is still a social taboo. A commitment by medical practices to address the topic of sexuality in later life is essential, given that the sexual health is part of the quality of life. Identification of barriers and discourse of effects in the physician's behavior when dealing with the sexuality of older people. Review and discussion of interdisciplinary literature and social discourse. Compilation of expert opinions. Although the introduction of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors led to a removal of taboos concerning erectile dysfunction, the sexuality of older men became narrowed to physiological aspects. The elderly still complain that consultations concerning their sexuality receives too little attention in medical practice. Problems are boundaries of shame and disregard of the sexuality of elderly. Sexuality in old age will have to become more prominent in medical practices, due to demographic changes and changing self-images of the elderly. The social role of physicians enables straightforward discussions about sexuality. Taking a sexual history and choosing an active approach proved to be practicable to discuss sexual problems with older people.

  15. Mejorar el trabajo en equipo: ambidiestría, comportamiento integrador y aprendizaje cooperativo

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    María Iborra

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es argumentar y demostrar qué trabajo en equipo deben aprender los futuros profesionales de la dirección de empresas y cómo pueden aprenderlo. Respecto a las características del trabajo en equipo que deben aprender los futuros directivos, se argumenta que un comportamiento integrador permite alcanzar mayores niveles de ambidiestría, es decir, incrementar la capacidad de realizar simultáneamente exploración y explotación de conocimiento, eficiencia e innovación. El estudio profundiza en la relación entre las metodologías docentes utilizadas en el aula y la mejora del comportamiento integrador de los profesionales cuando trabajan en equipo. El comportamiento integrador en un equipo depende de la calidad y cantidad de información intercambiada, la colaboración alcanzada en el equipo, y la medida en que las decisiones se toman conjuntamente. En este trabajo se defiende la relación positiva entre la metodología docente de aprendizaje cooperativo y el comportamiento integrador de los estudiantes en los equipos de trabajo. Mediante un estudio realizado con 327 estudiantes de enseñanza universitaria, se demuestra que los equipos de trabajo que han utilizado aprendizaje cooperativo alcanzan mayores niveles de comportamiento integrador. Igualmente se demuestra que el comportamiento integrador de los miembros del equipo se asocia con una superior ambidiestría.

  16. Perceived consequences of hypothetical identity-inconsistent sexual experiences: effects of perceiver's sex and sexual identity.

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    Preciado, Mariana A; Johnson, Kerri L

    2014-04-01

    Most people organize their sexual orientation under a single sexual identity label. However, people may have sexual experiences that are inconsistent with their categorical sexual identity label. A man might identify as heterosexual but still experience some attraction to men; a woman might identify as lesbian yet enter into a romantic relationship with a man. Identity-inconsistent experiences are likely to have consequences. In the present study, we examined lay perceptions of the consequences of identity-inconsistent sexual experiences for self-perceived sexuality and for social relationships among a sexually diverse sample (N = 283). We found that the perceived consequences of identity-inconsistent experiences for self-perception, for social stigmatization, and for social relationships varied as a function of participant sex, participant sexual identity (heterosexual, gay, lesbian), and experience type (fantasy, attraction, behavior, love). We conclude that not all identity-inconsistent sexual experiences are perceived as equally consequential and that the perceived consequences of such experiences vary predictably as a function of perceiver sex and sexual identity. We discuss the role lay perceptions of the consequences of identity-inconsistent sexual experiences may play in guiding attitudes and behavior.

  17. Creencias, actitudes y normas subjetivas como predictores de la intención de realizar comportamientos preventivos en hijos de personas que padecen diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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    Eduardo Muñoz Bautista

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Analizar los conocimientos, las actitudes y las normas subjetivas como predictores de la intención de realizar comportamientos preventivos en hijos de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, en dos ciudades del estado de Hidalgo, México. Métodos: Se trata de um estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de naturaleza analítica y transversal. A través de uma muestra probabilística de dos etapas, 246 hijos (entre 15 y 59 años de edad de pacientes apuntados en un programa de diabetes en el servicio de seguridad social fueron encuestados de manera personal. Resultados: Se observó que la reducción del riesgo de contraer diabetes afecta la intención de desarrollar comportamientos preventivos mediada por la actitud hacia la prevención (p=0,000 que es el predictor más importante de tal intención (p=0,000. Las normas subjetivas también tienen un impacto significativo en la intención del comportamiento preventivo (p=0,000, aunque la actitud hacia la prevención no es afectada por las creencias sobre la obtención (p=0,095 y la gravedad de la enfermedad (p=0,056. Conclusión: La aplicación del modelo permitió identificar aspectos relevantes para apoyar la promoción de la salud orientada a influir en los procesos de cambio de comportamiento social en uma población con el riesgo de contraer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en México.

  18. COMPORTAMIENTOS LOGÍSTICOS EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ÚLTIMA MILLA DE PRODUCTOS ALIMENTICIOS EN VILLAVICENCIO, COLOMBIA

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    Wilson Adarme Jaimes

    Full Text Available La logística de la ciudad es uno de los asuntos principales en logística debido que los centros urbanos tienden a crecer y consolidar las actividades económicas e industriales con aquellas sociales y humanas. La gran mayoría de los estudios se centran en el enfoque tradicional de transporte, que tiene como objetivo explicar las variables relacionadas con la oferta de transporte, en lugar de analizar la demanda real. Existe una falta de comprensión sobre el comportamiento de los clientes, lo que es explícito en estudios previos relacionados con la logística de la ciudad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo ofrecer un análisis de las principales tendencias y el comportamiento de las compras en el hogar, específicamente en la compra de alimentos, mediante el uso de fuentes primarias de información y herramientas estadísticas. Los resultados obtenidos en un centro urbano de rápido crecimiento en Colombia, ofrecen un marco para comprender el comportamiento de las compras en los hogares, con base en tres variables principales: a Los productos, b Vehículos y c La frecuencia de compra en relación con las instalaciones para la adquisición de alimentos (tiendas.

  19. Sexually dimorphic effects of a prenatal immune challenge on social play and vasopressin expression in juvenile rats

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    Taylor Patrick V

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Infectious diseases and inflammation during pregnancy increase the offspring’s risk for behavioral disorders. However, how immune stress affects neural circuitry during development is not well known. We tested whether a prenatal immune challenge interferes with the development of social play and with neural circuits implicated in social behavior. Methods Pregnant rats were given intraperitoneal injections of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS – 100 μg /kg or saline on the 15th day of pregnancy. Offspring were tested for social play behaviors between postnatal days 26–40. Brains were harvested on postnatal day 45 and processed for arginine vasopressin (AVP mRNA in situ hybridization. Results In males, LPS treatment reduced the frequency of juvenile play behavior and reduced AVP mRNA expression in the medial amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These effects were not found in females. LPS treatment did not change AVP mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, or supraoptic nucleus of either sex, nor did it affect the sex difference in the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Conclusions Given AVP’s central role in regulating social behavior, the sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal LPS treatment on male AVP mRNA expression may contribute to the sexually dimorphic effect of LPS on male social play and may, therefore, increase understanding of factors that contribute to sex differences in social psychopathology.

  20. Using Social Media to Assess Conceptualizations of Sexuality

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    Zeglin, Robert J.; Mitchell, Julie

    2014-01-01

    There is currently no validated model explaining the variability of sexual expression. This has created a scenario where sexuality, as a construct, is purely intuitive. Sexuality educators have frequently presented the Circles of Sexuality, a model that contends that sexuality is a combination of intimacy, sensuality, sexual health/behaviors,…

  1. The form of sexual selection arising from male-male competition depends on the presence of females in the social environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Procter, D S; Moore, A J; Miller, C W

    2012-05-01

    Sexual selection arises from social interactions, and if social environments vary so too should sexual selection. For example, male-male competition often occurs either in the presence or in the absence of females, and such changes in the social environment could affect the form and strength of sexual selection. Here we examine how the presence of a female influences selection arising from male-male competition in a leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata, which has a resource defence mating system. Males compete for territories on cacti because females lay eggs on the cactus plants. Females are not always present when this competition first occurs; however, the presence or absence of the female matters. We found that both the form and strength of selection on male traits, those traits that influenced success in intrasexual competition, depended on the social context. When a female was not present, male size and the area of the sexually dimorphic hind legs was only marginally important to winning a contest. However, males with larger overall size and leg area were more likely to win in the presence of a female. There was also positive quadratic selection on these traits when a female was present with both the largest and the smallest males winning. The implication is unexpected alternative strategies when females are present. Our results support the notion that sexual selection should be studied under all relevant social contexts. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2012 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

  2. Validación de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale en mujeres mexicanas

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    Reyna Torres-Obregon

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La asertividad sexual constituye una dimensión fundamental de la sexualidad humana por su relación con distintos indicadores de la salud sexual. Es la capacidad de las personas para iniciar la actividad sexual, rechazar la actividad sexual no deseada y emplear métodos anticonceptivos y así desarrollar comportamientos saludables. Esta se mide a través de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS. Hasta la fecha, la SAS no se ha validado en población mexicana, por lo que se considera importante examinar sus propiedades psicométricas en esta población. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la SAS en una muestra de 202 mujeres mexicanas. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se confirmó la estructura trifactorial del SAS: inicio, rechazo y embarazo-enfermedades de transmisión sexual (CFI = .953; TLI = .927. Asimismo, se obtuvo una confiabilidad adecuada en las tres subescalas y, de forma global (ω = .85, sus puntuaciones correlacionaron significativamente en la dirección esperada con autoestima sexual y depresión rasgo. Se concluye que la SAS presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas en población femenina mexicana.

  3. The limitations of our knowledge about social influences on memories of sexual abuse over the long-term

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Koppel, Jonathan Mark; Berntsen, Dorthe

    2015-01-01

    Fagin, Cyr, and Hirst provide an informed and insightful application of the social memory literature to the important question of how memories of sexual abuse may be re-shaped, both over the short term and long term, by communication with others, as well as with oneself. In the following commentary......, we outline several respects in which we believe that the application of this literature to memories of sexual abuse, particularly over the long term, is still open to debate. In particular, we focus on induced forgetting and social contagion for such memories, as well as the application of the social...... memory literature to intrusive involuntary memories of trauma. Where applicable, we offer suggestions for future research that may contribute towards addressing the limitations of the existing literature....

  4. The influence of social constructs of hegemonic masculinity and sexual behaviour on acceptability of vaginal microbicides in Zambia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mweemba, Oliver; Dixey, Rachael; Bond, Virginia; White, Alan

    2018-07-01

    Vaginal microbicides are heralded as a woman's HIV prevention method. This study, conducted in a microbicide clinical trial setting in Zambia, explored how the social construction of masculinity and sexual behaviour influenced the acceptability of vaginal microbicides. The data were generated from 18 In-depth Interviews and 8 Focus Group Discussions. The data were analysed thematically. The study found that hegemonic masculinity influenced the use of vaginal microbicides positively and negatively, in multiple ways including: decision to initiate gel use, autonomous use of the gel, and consistent use of the gel. Men were seen as heads of households and decision-makers who approved their partners' intentions to initiate gel use. Autonomous gel use by women was not supported because it challenged men's dominant position in sexual matters and at a family level. The socially accepted notion that men engaged in multiple sexual relationships also influenced women's decision to use the gel. Sustained gel use depended on the perceived effect of the gel on men's sexual desires, sexual performance, fertility, and sexual behaviour. This study suggests that acceptability of microbicides partially lies within the realm of men, with use constrained and dictated by cultural constructs and practice of masculinity and gender.

  5. Comparison of Different Recruitment Methods for Sexual and Reproductive Health Research: Social Media-Based Versus Conventional Methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Motoki, Yoko; Miyagi, Etsuko; Taguri, Masataka; Asai-Sato, Mikiko; Enomoto, Takayuki; Wark, John Dennis; Garland, Suzanne Marie

    2017-03-10

    Prior research about the sexual and reproductive health of young women has relied mostly on self-reported survey studies. Thus, participant recruitment using Web-based methods can improve sexual and reproductive health research about cervical cancer prevention. In our prior study, we reported that Facebook is a promising way to reach young women for sexual and reproductive health research. However, it remains unknown whether Web-based or other conventional recruitment methods (ie, face-to-face or flyer distribution) yield comparable survey responses from similar participants. We conducted a survey to determine whether there was a difference in the sexual and reproductive health survey responses of young Japanese women based on recruitment methods: social media-based and conventional methods. From July 2012 to March 2013 (9 months), we invited women of ages 16-35 years in Kanagawa, Japan, to complete a Web-based questionnaire. They were recruited through either a social media-based (social networking site, SNS, group) or by conventional methods (conventional group). All participants enrolled were required to fill out and submit their responses through a Web-based questionnaire about their sexual and reproductive health for cervical cancer prevention. Of the 243 participants, 52.3% (127/243) were recruited by SNS, whereas 47.7% (116/243) were recruited by conventional methods. We found no differences between recruitment methods in responses to behaviors and attitudes to sexual and reproductive health survey, although more participants from the conventional group (15%, 14/95) chose not to answer the age of first intercourse compared with those from the SNS group (5.2%, 6/116; P=.03). No differences were found between recruitment methods in the responses of young Japanese women to a Web-based sexual and reproductive health survey. ©Yoko Motoki, Etsuko Miyagi, Masataka Taguri, Mikiko Asai-Sato, Takayuki Enomoto, John Dennis Wark, Suzanne Marie Garland. Originally

  6. Repercussão da exposição à violência por parceiro íntimo no comportamento dos filhos Repercusión de la exposición a la violencia por pareja íntima en el comportamiento de los hijos Impact of exposure to intimate partner violence on children's behavior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julia Garcia Durand

    2011-04-01

    contra la mujer con desajustes de comportamiento y problemas escolares entre los hijos. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa poblacional participante del WHO Multicountry Study on Violence Against Women, con 790 mujeres que cohabitan con hijos de cinco a 12 años, residentes en el Municipio de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, y en la Zona de la Mata de Pernambuco, Noreste de Brasil. Se realizaron tres modelos múltiples para estimar la fuerza de la asociación entre variables explicativas de apoyo social y comunitario, eventos de vida estresantes, factores sociodemográficos y gravedad de la VPI, entre otras. Los modelos incluyeron tres aspectos respectivos: número de problemas de comportamiento, agresividad e interrupción, abandono o repetición escolar. RESULTADOS: La exposición a la VPI física y/o sexual grave estuvo asociada a la ocurrencia de problemas escolares, de problemas de comportamiento en general, y de comportamientos agresivos en el análisis de regresión logística univariada. La exposición a la VPI grave se mantuvo asociada a la ocurrencia de tres o más problemas de comportamiento entre sus hijos, independientemente del trastorno mental común, de la baja escolaridad, de la madre (abuela haber sido víctima de VPI física y del apoyo social y comunitario en los modelos de regresión logística múltiples. La VPI grave estuvo asociada al comportamiento agresivo y a los problemas escolares, después del ajuste por otras variables sociodemográficas, entre otras. El estado de salud mental materno constituye un factor mediador de la relación entre la exposición a la VPI y los problemas de comportamiento, sobretodo la agresividad. CONCLUSIONES: La VPI grave afecta el comportamiento de los hijos y debe ser incluida en la asistencia a la salud de los niños en edad escolar, por medio de intervenciones conjuntas entre niños y madres.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV against women and children's dysfunctional behaviors and school

  7. Sexual risk as an outcome of social oppression: data from a probability sample of Latino gay men in three U.S. cities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Díaz, Rafael M; Ayala, George; Bein, Edward

    2004-08-01

    Based on data from a probability sample of 912 Latino gay men in 3 U.S. cities, a multivariate model of sexual risk was tested, including experiences of homophobia, racism, and poverty as predictors. Participants reported multiple instances of verbal and physical abuse, rude mistreatment, and discrimination on account of their sexual orientation and their race or ethnicity. Many reported experiences of poverty, such as inability to pay for basic necessities of food or shelter. Men who reported more instances of social discrimination and financial hardship were more psychologically distressed and more likely to participate in "difficult" sexual situations, as predicted. Participation in difficult sexual situations mediates the effects of social oppression and psychological distress on sexual risk behavior. (c) 2004 APA

  8. Comportamiento social del mono capuchino común Cebus olivaceus (Primates: Cebidae en tres exhibiciones zoológicas de Caracas, Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marie Charlotte López

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available El confinamiento es una situación extrema para los primates con áreas de vivienda extensas, y su efecto sobre la conducta puede ser considerable. Cebus olivaceus es el primate más común en los zoológicos de Venezuela pero su conducta en esta condición no ha sido documentada. Para estimar el efecto del confinamiento sobre el comportamiento social de C. olivaceus, observamos tres grupos en zoológicos de Caracas (Caricuao, Parque del Este, El Pinar, que diferían en las condiciones de cautiverio. El grupo en Caricuao, podía desplazarse libremente en un área no cercada, mientras que en Parque del Este y El Pinar estaban en fosas relativamente pequeñas. Se determinó el repertorio de conductas sociales y la frecuencia, duración y tiempo dedicado por individuo a cada comportamiento. Se realizaron observaciones focales de cada individuo, barridos del grupo y observaciones ad libitum. Se estableció la dominancia relativa y las asociaciones afiliativas entre individuos. El repertorio de conductas sociales fue similar entre grupos y respecto a lo observado en condiciones naturales. Sin embargo, las conductas afiliativas fueron menos frecuentes pero más largas en el grupo de Caricuao, mientras que las conductas agonísticas fueron más frecuentes en Parque del Este y El Pinar. Además, el agonismo fue menos frecuente en los grupos observados que en la naturaleza. Las diferencias entre grupos se explican por la condición del cautiverio. Sugerimos que con el confinamiento incrementa la tensión social y la probabilidad de encuentros agonísticos, en contraposición, la afiliación reduciría esta tensión. Por otra parte, la convivencia prolongada, la imposibilidad de mantener distancias individuales óptimas o de migrar del grupo promoverían la reducción del agonismo, a largo plazo, lo que explicaría las diferencias con los grupos naturales. En los tres grupos hubo cierta estructura social (relaciones de dominancia, afiliaciones y

  9. Adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit internet material, sexual uncertainty, and attitudes toward uncommitted sexual exploration: is there a link?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Peter, J.; Valkenburg, P.M.

    2008-01-01

    The link between adolescents' exposure to sexual media content and their sexual socialization has hardly been approached from an identity development framework. Moreover, existing research has largely ignored the role of adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit Internet material in that

  10. The Effects of School-Based Discrimination on Adolescents of Color Sexual Health Outcomes: A Social Determinants Approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Respress, Brandon N; Amutah-Onukagha, Ndidiamaka N; Opara, Ijeoma

    2018-01-01

    Social inequalities are at the heart of disparities in sexual health outcomes among African American and Latino/a adolescents living in the United States. Schools are typically the largest and primary context in youth development. School characteristics such as peer and teacher discrimination and school performance were examined to determine whether such characteristics predict sexual behavior in adolescents of color. This study utilized a representative sample of high school age students to assess sexual risk behavior. Findings indicate that there was a clear disparity in sexually transmitted infection diagnoses. School characteristics such as teacher discrimination and Grade Point Average were significant predictors to sexual risky behaviors among adolescents of color. The study adds to the literature in examining contextual factors that are associated with adolescent sexual risk behavior, and findings provide implications for future prevention work.

  11. HIV risk, health, and social characteristics of sexual minority female injection drug users in Baltimore

    OpenAIRE

    German, Danielle; Latkin, Carl A.

    2015-01-01

    Female injection drug users {IDU} who report sex with women are at increased risk for HIV and social instability, but it is important to assess whether these disparities also exist according to sexual minority identity rather than behaviorally defined categories. Within a sample of current IDU in Baltimore, about 17% of female study participants (n=307) identified as gay/lesbian/bisexual. In controlled models, sexual minorities were three times as likely to report sex exchange behavior and fo...

  12. Sexual health and older adults: suggestions for social science research.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hinchliff, Sharron

    2016-11-01

    The body of evidence on older adults' sexual health is beginning to grow. However, it remains an under-researched area particularly within the social sciences. This viewpoint outlines four considerations for those who carry out social science research in this area: 1. defining the age category "older adults"; 2. being clear about the types of sex under research; 3. capturing a range of diverse voices; and 4. considering the use of qualitative research methods to explore the topic in depth. These suggestions are aimed at helping researchers to avoid some of the pitfalls of research in this area, as well as improving the evidence base in order to advance recognition of the issues and drive change in service provision. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/SIDA en adolescentes trabajadores de hoteles de Puerto Vallarta y su asociación con el ambiente laboral STI/AIDS-related practices and occupational risk factors in adolescent hotel workers in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bettylu Rasmussen-Cruz

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Explorar comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/ SIDA de adolescentes trabajadores de hoteles de Puerto Vallarta, México, y su asociación con el ambiente laboral. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, comparativo, en una población de 288 adolescentes trabajadores durante 1998 en 38 hoteles de Puerto Vallarta. Variables: condición laboral, situación ambiental, comportamiento de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, características sociodemográficas. Estadísticas descriptivas, asociativas y predictivas: t test, RM y regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Edad promedio 17.7 años; 71.5% hombres; activos sexualmente 53%; con uno o más comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, (93.6%: nunca o raramente usa condón (77.3.1%; beber antes de relaciones sexuales (41%; promiscuidad (29.9%, y relaciones anales (9.2%. Factores asociados: percibir el ambiente estimulante para relaciones sexuales (RM 2.36; beber antes de coito: compañeros (RM 2.52 y huéspedes (RM 2.60; norma de poder invitar huéspedes al cuarto (RM 4.46; Variables confusoras: género masculino (RM 3.14, casados o en unión libre (RM 21.19 y 18-19 años (RM 3.11. CONCLUSIONES: Hay alta frecuencia de comportamiento de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, asociados con algunos factores ambientales.OBJECTIVE: To assess STI/AIDS risk behaviors and occupational risk factors among adolescent hotel workers in Puerto Vallarta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comparative cross-sectional study conducted in 1998, among 288 workers adolescents of 38 hotels in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. Variables were collected on working conditions, environmental conditions, STI/AIDS risk behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive and multivariate techniques: t test, OR, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Study subjects had a mean age of 17.7 years; 71.5% were males. Fifty-three percent had active sexual relations; 93.6% of them had one or more STI/AIDS risk behaviors. Inadequate condom use was found in

  14. Detección de Malware a partir del comportamiento del navegador

    OpenAIRE

    Ferrer Navarro, Santiago

    2011-01-01

    Castellano: El volumen de malware o software malicioso, se ha expandido, surgiendo continuamente numerosas versiones distintas y mucho más perfeccionadas, incluyendo un nuevo tipo de ataque que afecta al comportamiento del navegador. Se pretende observar si, únicamente mediante el comportamiento del navegador, y utilizando herramientas como Honeypots e Instrumentación Binaria, es posible determinar si dicho navegador se encuentra en estado de infección.

  15. Sexism, Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault: Toward Conceptual Clarity

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-01-01

    of which are defined legally. The quid pro quo type is the easiest to identify and although frequencies are low, it is the most likely one to be...SEXISM, SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND SEXUAL ASSAULT: TOWARD CONCEPTUAL CLARITY Dr. Richard Harris Department of Social Work and Center for Policy...00-2007 to 00-00-2007 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Sexism, Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault: Toward Conceptual Clarity 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT

  16. PLANTAS PARA CAMBIAR EL COMPORTAMIENTO HUMANO ENTRE LOS SHIPIBO-CONIBO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacques Tournon

    1988-12-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos varias categorías de plantas clasificadas por sus acciones específicas. Para cada categoría de plantas recolectamos una ovarias especies botánicas. Los datos etnográficos y las muestras botánicas fueron recolectados en diversas comunidades Shipibo-conibo del Alto Ucayali. Estas plantas son utilizadas para inducir, cambiar, corregir estados mentales y tipos de comportamientos, entonces revelan normas de buena conducta.Estudiamos como se aplican estas normas por medio de estas plantas y quieneslas aplican. Así, este artículo trata de lo que estas plantas revelan de la sociedad Shipibo-conibo. Esta aproximación es una aplicación interesante de la etnobotánica a la antropología social.

  17. Sexuality and physical contact in National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project Wave 2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galinsky, Adena M; McClintock, Martha K; Waite, Linda J

    2014-11-01

    Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) includes new measures of sexual interest and behavior, as well as new measures of the context of sexual experience and the frequency and appeal of physical contact. This is the first time many of these constructs have been measured in a nationally representative sample. We describe the new measures and compare the distributions of each across gender and age groups, in some cases by partnership status. Two components of sexuality decrease with age among both men and women: frequency of finding an unknown person sexually attractive and receptivity to a partner's sexual overtures. In contrast, the inclination to make one's self sexually attractive to others was a more complicated function of partner status, gender, and age: partnered women and unpartnered men made the most effort, with the more effortful gender's effort decreasing with age. Both men and women find nonsexual physical contact appealing but sexual physical contact is more appealing to men than women. Finally, two fifths of men and women report dissatisfaction with their partner's frequency of caring behaviors that make later sexual interactions pleasurable, and a fifth of women and a quarter of men who had vaginal sex in the past year report dissatisfaction with amount of foreplay. These data offer the opportunity to characterize sexual motivation in older adulthood more precisely and richly and to examine how the context of sexual experience and the nonsexual aspects of physical intimacy correlate with sexual behavior, enjoyment, and problems. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  18. Personalidad y comportamiento penitenciario.

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Fornells, Antoni; Lopez Capdevila, J.M.; Andrés Pueyo, Antonio

    2002-01-01

    Las variables de personalidad que están relacionadas con el comportamiento delictivo han sido identificadas consistentemente y replicadas en numerosos estudios. Entre éstas las más importantes son la impulsividad, la temeridad, la empatía y la hostilidad, además de la inteligencia y la estabilidad emocional. En este estudio tratamos de comprobar que relación tienen algunas de aquellas variables con la conducta de los reclusos y en su adaptación al medio penitenciario. Se analizaron todas las ...

  19. Sexual Stigma, Psychological Well-Being and Social Engagement among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Beirut, Lebanon

    OpenAIRE

    Wagner, Glenn J.; Aunon, Frances M.; Kaplan, Rachel L.; Karam, Rita; Khouri, Danielle; Tohme, Johnny; Mokhbat, Jacques

    2013-01-01

    This qualitative study sought to explore the sexual identity development of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beirut, the stigma experienced by these men, and how their psychological well-being and social engagement are shaped by how they cope with this stigma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 MSM, and content analysis was used to identify emergent themes. While many men reported feeling very comfortable with their sexual orientation and had disclosed their sexual orientatio...

  20. Sexual Understanding, Sources of Information and Social Networks; the Reports of Young People with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Non-Disabled Peers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jahoda, A.; Pownall, J.

    2014-01-01

    Background: Sexual development plays a vital part in young people's emotional adjustment. Method: This study compared the sexual understanding of 30 adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) and 30 non-disabled adolescents, along with their reports of where they obtained sexual information, and the nature of their social networks…

  1. Comportamiento innovador y competitividad: factores explicativos de la conducta exportadora en México. El caso de Guanajuato

    OpenAIRE

    Estrada, Salvador; Heijs, Joost

    2005-01-01

    La literatura reciente acerca de competitividad señala la importancia de la innovación tecnológica para sostener el crecimiento económico y el bienestar social. Este trabajo explora los factores asociados a la estructura y comportamiento innovador que explican significativamente la conducta exportadora de un conjunto de establecimientos manufactureros localizados en el estado de Guanajuato (México). El modelo general muestra que la probabilidad exportadora parece asociada con la mayoría de la...

  2. Teorías motivacionales desde la perspectiva de comportamiento del consumidor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalia Sergueyevna Golovina

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available En la presente investigación serevisan las principales teorías motivacionales utilizadas para explicar el comportamiento del consumidor y las investigaciones actuales que reflejan las tendencias actuales en el estudio de los procesos intrínsecos y extrínsecos de la motivación de compra, llegando a la conclusión que distintos modelos teóricos del enfoque motivacional tratan de explicar el comportamiento del consumidor atribuyendo las causas a los factores tanto externos como internos de la motivación humana. Los mercadólogos modernos utilizan las teorías de motivación para preparar su plan de marketing, diseñar el producto, fijar los precios, tomar decisiones sobre los canales de distribución y lanzar las campañas publicitarias, anticipando el comportamiento del consumidor.

  3. Original research: online social networking patterns among adolescents, young adults, and sexual offenders.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dowdell, Elizabeth B; Burgess, Ann W; Flores, J Robert

    2011-07-01

    The use of online social networks like Facebook continues to increase rapidly among all age groups and segments of our society, presenting new opportunities for the exchange of sexual information as well as for potentially unsafe encounters between predators and the vulnerable or young. This study surveyed middle school, high school, and college-age students, as well as sexual offenders, regarding their use of social networking sites in order to provide information to better focus education and prevention efforts from nurses and other health care providers. Written questionnaires asking about various characteristics of participants' use of social networking sites were distributed to each group and filled out by 404 middle school students, 2,077 high school students, 1,284 students drawn from five traditional four-year colleges, and 466 adults who had committed either an Internet sexual offense or a hands-on sexual offense (in some cases both). Notable findings emerging from our analysis of the questionnaire responses included the following: offenders and students both frequent social networking sites, although at the time of the study offenders reported that they preferred Myspace and students that they preferred Facebook; nearly two-thirds of the Internet offenders said they'd initiated the topic of sex in their first chat session; more than half of the Internet offenders disguised their identity when online; most Internet offenders we surveyed said they preferred communicating with teenage girls rather than teenage boys; high school students' experience with "sexting" (sharing nude photos of themselves or others on cell phones or online) differed significantly according to their sex; a small number of students are being threatened and assaulted by people they meet online; avatar sites such as Second Life were used both by students and offenders, with both child molesters and Internet offenders expressing interest in Second Life. The use of the Internet presents

  4. The Social Acceptability of Sexual Slang: Functions of Biological Sex and Psychological Gender.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Myers, Scott A.; Cortese, Juliann

    A study explored the social acceptability that accompanies the expression of sexual slang. The study of gender differences in language use is nothing new. Previous research has indicated that men and women differ in their use of tentative language, topic selection, control techniques, and conversational style. However, this research has examined…

  5. Actitudes locales ante el turismo residencial: Un análisis basado en la matriz de actitudes y comportamiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Monterrubio

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Con base en la matriz de actitudes y comportamiento, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las actitudes de la población de un destino con respecto al turismo residencial en un destino mexicano. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad con residentes locales, el estudio corrobora las postulaciones de la matriz confirmando que las poblaciones en los destinos poseen actitudes y comportamientos heterogéneos, y que ambos pueden manifestarse de distintas maneras e intensidades. Sin embargo, revela que en el caso del turismo residencial, las actitudes favorables no están únicamente determinadas por los beneficios económicos sino por el tipo de relación social empática establecida entre locales y turistas, y las actitudes desfavorables están determinadas por la sensación de afectación colectiva como consecuencia de la implantación de proyectos de desarrollo turístico decididos externamente.

  6. Variables contextuales y personales que inciden en el comportamiento violento del niño

    OpenAIRE

    Antonia Pelegrín; Enrique J. Garcés de Los Fayos

    2008-01-01

    La conducta agresiva de los niños, niñas y adolescentes se encuentra favorecida por una serie de variables de riesgo, denominadas también variables predictoras. La acumulación de estas variables, a lo largo de la historia de desarrollo del niño, puede predisponerle a un patrón de comportamiento más agresivo que le dificulte la adaptación a su entorno social, familiar y escolar. Las variables implicadas en la manifestación de la conducta agresiva del niño pueden ser múltiples y se clasifican e...

  7. The politics of sex research and constructions of female sexuality: what relevance to sexual health work with young women?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Few, C

    1997-03-01

    By examining the relationship between the cultural construction of female sexuality and the lack of potential for many young heterosexual women to be truly sexually healthy this paper submits that messages for women within HIV prevention programmes can be confused, confining and at times dangerous to women's health and well-being. It is suggested that these messages also reinforce a traditional, biologically determined medical understanding of female sexuality that does not take note of social or culturally based research or commentary on female experience or female desire, but rather confines many women to sexual restrictions, doing little to empower women to prevent sexual risk-taking. The ideological basis of the discussion within this paper is informed by the awareness that applications and understandings of 'sexuality' are diverse and contested within sex research traditions and will influence the choice of research concerns. The 'deterministic' explanation of sexuality that 'sexuality' (the abstract noun referring to the quality of being 'sexual', Williams 1983) is your fate or destiny and that biology causes the patterns of sexual life, is abandoned in this paper in favour of a search for a definition of sexuality which brings together a host of different biological and mental possibilities which are given meaning only in social relations. This allows for a framework for the study of sexuality that relates it to other social phenomena, particularly economic, political and social structures (Foucault 1979); in other words, a study of the 'social construction' of sexuality. This paper suggests that health care professionals need to develop an awareness of the diversities within female sexuality and gain insight into their own values and assumptions about female sexuality if these are not to inhibit effective approaches and interventions in the areas of HIV and sexual health.

  8. Sexuality, culture and society: shifting paradigms in sexuality research.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parker, Richard

    2009-04-01

    Over the course of the past three decades, there has been a significant increase of research on the social and cultural dimensions of sexuality. This paper reviews three major phases in the development of this work. In the first phase, work focusing on the social construction of sexual experience developed an important critique of the biomedical and sexological approaches that had dominated the field over much of the twentieth century. In the second phase, increasingly detailed studies of sexual life were developed which highlighted the cross-cultural diversity of sexual cultures, sexual identities and sexual communities. In the most recent phase, there has been a growing recognition of the complex relationship between culture and power, and increasing attention to the political and economic dimensions of sexuality. In spite of the significant conceptual and methodological advances that have taken place over time, however, it is also possible to identify a number of important questions that have not yet been adequately addressed and that may have been precluded by some of the perspectives that have come to dominate the field. The paper ends by focusing on the silences and invisibilities that continue to characterize this field of research and the challenges that must still be confronted in seeking to expand our understanding of these issues.

  9. Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in child victims of sexual abuse: perceived social support as a protection factor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aydin, Berna; Akbas, Seher; Turla, Ahmet; Dundar, Cihad

    2016-08-01

    Background Social support has been shown to play a protective role against the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in individuals exposed to trauma. Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived social support on depression and PTSD in child victims of sexual abuse and to determine the relationship between them. Method In total 182 victims of sexual abuse aged 6-18 at time of interview were assessed. Clinical interviews, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI) were used to assess children's psychological status, while the Perceived Social Support Scale-Revised (PSSS-R) was used to measure social support. Results Girls had significantly higher median CDI and CPTS-RI scores than boys, while no significant difference was determined between boys and girls in terms of PSSS-R scores. A statistically significant negative correlation was determined between CDI and PSSS-R scores, CPTS-RI scores and PSSS-R scores in girls, while no significant correlation was identified in male victims. Conclusions In conclusion, we think that social support networks for victims of sexual abuse need to be broadened and increased, and that importance should be attached to protective approaches in that context.

  10. Representaciones sociales de la salud sexual de adolescentes sordos y oyentes en la ciudad de Bogotá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Collazos Aldana

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Describir y analizar la estructura y contenidos de las representaciones sociales de la salud sexual de tres grupos de adolescentes: sordos usuarios de lengua de señas colombiana (LSC, oyentes y sordos usuarios de castellano oral, con el fin de reflexionar sobre la salud sexual en poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad y su aplicación al campo de la salud pública. Método. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo interpretativo de orientación procesual, en el que se emplearon las técnicas analíticas de uso de redes de asociaciones, entrevistas y dibujos. Resultados. Se encontraron diferentes representaciones de salud sexual en los adolescentes evaluados: los adolescentes sordos usuarios de LSC, quienes focalizan sus representaciones en el cuidado del cuerpo, la enfermedad y el goce sexual. Por su parte, los oyentes construyen representaciones alrededor de la prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el amor afectivo; mientras los adolescentes sordos usuarios del castellano lo hacen en relación con la educación, el amor afectivo y las relaciones convencionales. Conclusion. El reconocimiento de las diferentes representaciones sociales de la salud sexual de los adolescentes oyentes y sordos se convierte en un reto para la Salud Pública en la medida que obliga a reconocer las necesidades y servicios, en este campo, desde una perspectiva diferencial. La salud sexual de las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad, es un asunto de Derechos Humanos, que cuestiona la manera de formular políticas en la actualidad, sobre todo cuando se desconoce la identidad como elemento fundamental de la sexualidad de estas personas.

  11. ¿Mito o realidad? Influencia de la ideología en la percepción social del acoso sexual

    OpenAIRE

    Antonio Herrera; Afroditi Pina; M. Carmen Herrera; Francisca Expósito

    2014-01-01

    El acoso sexual se ha convertido en un problema de gran importancia en la actualidad social, que sin embargo está invisibilizado. El objeto de este trabajo se centró en indagar posibles factores que influyen en la percepción social del acoso. En un primer estudio, 177 participantes leyeron un escenario de acoso sexual donde un jefe acosa a una trabajadora. Posteriormente contestaban las medidas de interés. En un segundo estudio 65 participantes leyeron un escenario, donde un profesor acosa se...

  12. Sexualidad juvenil y cambio social: el caso de Portugal Youth sexuality and social change: the case of Portugal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Machado-Pais

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Investigar si, dentro de un marco de profundos cambios sociales, las nuevas generaciones estarán creando nuevos valores sociales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Aplicando el método de las generaciones, se utilizaron datos de una encuesta sobre valores y generaciones, hecho en 1996 a 2 012 individuos residentes en Portugal continental y representativos de la población portuguesa. Recurriendo al programa SPAD (Estadística para análisis de datos, se procedió a un análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples en conjugación con un análisis de tipo cluster. RESULTADOS: Constatamos que las principales discontinuidades intergeneracionales se presentan en el área de las actitudes y prácticas sexuales. Comprobamos que los grupos y agregados resultantes del análisis tienen índices de sobrerrepresentación de generaciones específicas. Por ejemplo, los encuestados hedonistas se caracterizan por un elevado índice de sobrerrepresentación de jóvenes, en contraste con los inhibidos o los moralistas. CONCLUSIONES: Los jóvenes portugueses aparecen como una generación portadora de valores hedonistas y de carácter experimental en el plano de la vida sexual y amorosa. Sin embargo, se caracterizan al mismo tiempo por su vulnerabilidad a conductas de riesgo.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the new generations are creating new social values in the current setting of deep social change. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the generations method (Mannheim, a survey was conducted in 1996, among 2 012 residents of Portugal, to collect data on values and generations of the Portuguese population. The SPAD statistical analysis program was used to perform a multiple correspondence factorial analysis, in addition to a cluster-type analysis. RESULTS: The main generational gaps were found in sexual attitudes and practices. Findings showed that groups and aggregates have overrepresentation indices for specific generations, e.g., hedonistic interviewees are

  13. Inhabiting the sexual landscape: toward an interpretive theory of the development of sexual orientation and identity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gordon, Liahna E; Silva, Tony J

    2015-01-01

    Building on Paula Rust's (1996) concept of a sexual landscape, we propose an interpretive theory of the development of both sexual orientation and sexual identity. We seek to reconcile human agency with active and shifting influences in social context and to recognize the inherent complexity of environmental factors while acknowledging the role that biological potential plays. We ground our model in the insights of three compatible and related theoretical perspectives: social constructionism, symbolic interactionism, and scripting theory. Within this framework, we explain how sexual orientation and sexual identities develop and potentially change.

  14. Decreased allopregnanolone induced by hormonal contraceptives is associated with a reduction in social behavior and sexual motivation in female rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santoru, Francesca; Berretti, Roberta; Locci, Andrea; Porcu, Patrizia; Concas, Alessandra

    2014-09-01

    Allopregnanolone is a neurosteroid involved in depression, memory, social, and sexual behavior. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG), two compounds frequently used in hormonal contraception, decreased brain allopregnanolone concentrations. These changes may contribute to some of the emotional and sexual disorders observed in hormonal contraceptive users. We thus examined whether the reduction in allopregnanolone concentrations induced by long-term EE/LNG administration was associated with altered emotional, learning, social, and sexual behaviors. Rats were orally treated with a combination of EE (0.030 mg) and LNG (0.125 mg) once a day for 4 weeks and were subjected to behavioral tests 24 h after the last administration. EE/LNG treatment reduced immobility behavior in the forced swim test, without affecting sucrose preference and spatial learning and memory. In the resident-intruder test, EE/LNG-treated rats displayed a decrease in dominant behaviors associated with a reduction in social investigation. In the paced mating test, EE/LNG treated rats showed a reduction in proceptive behaviors, while the lordosis quotient was not affected. Progesterone, but not estradiol, administration to EE/LNG-treated rats increased sexual activity and cerebrocortical allopregnanolone concentrations. Prior administration of finasteride decreased allopregnanolone concentrations and abolished the increase in proceptivity induced by progesterone administration. The decrease in brain allopregnanolone concentrations induced by EE/LNG treatment is associated with a reduction in social behavior and sexual motivation in female rats. These results might be relevant to the side effects sometimes exhibited by women taking hormonal contraceptives.

  15. Sexuality Education: Implications for Health, Equity, and Social Justice in the United States

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elia, John P.; Tokunaga, Jessica

    2015-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how school-based sexuality education has had a long and troubled history of exclusionary pedagogical practices that have negatively affected such populations as lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer (LGBTQ) individuals, people of color, and the disabled. The social ecological model is introduced as a…

  16. Actitudes y engagement en el trabajo como antecedentes del comportamiento altruista

    OpenAIRE

    Dolores Álvarez Pérez; Carmen Castro Casal; Guadalupe Vila Vázquez

    2014-01-01

    El reconocimiento de que el comportamiento altruista genera beneficios tanto para los empleados como para la organización hace necesario comprender los factores que pueden alentarlo. Por ello, este trabajo persigue dos objetivos: a) analizar las relaciones entre la satisfacción general con el puesto y el compromiso afectivo con el comportamiento altruista y b) explorar si elengagement en el trabajo aumenta la varianza explicada en el altruismo por encima de tales actitudes. Para cumplir estos...

  17. Social Media Use and its Association with Sexual Risk and Parental Monitoring among a Primarily Hispanic Adolescent Population.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romo, Dina L; Garnett, Chelsea; Younger, Alayna P; Stockwell, Melissa S; Soren, Karen; Catallozzi, Marina; Neu, Natalie

    2017-08-01

    In this study we assessed the association between social media (SM) use with sexual risk, and with parental monitoring among Hispanic adolescents. Self-administered anonymous survey. Urban primary care clinics. Primarily Hispanic adolescents ages 13-21 years old. Chi-square and regression analyses controlling for age and gender were used to assess associations between SM use or sexting and sexual behaviors (kissing, touching genitals, vaginal oral, and anal sex), sexual risk (≥4 lifetime partners, >1 recent partner, inconsistent condom use, and history of sexually transmitted infection diagnosis) and contraceptive use. Similar analyses were used to assess relationships between adolescent-reported parental monitoring and SM use, and sexting. Participants with frequent SM use (social networking sites or apps) had greater odds of all sexual activity. Ever sexters had greater odds of penetrative sex only (oral, vaginal, and anal sex) as well as use of hormonal contraception (except long-acting reversible contraception). Approximately half of the participants reported parental access to profiles on SM. Female participants had higher odds of parental access to online profiles and having a parental discussion of privacy settings. Those having privacy discussions had greater odds of "private" profiles on SM and lower odds of ever sexting. Frequent SM use and sexting was associated with an increase in all types of sexual behaviors; sexting alone was associated with more lifetime and recent sexual partners. Parental discussion of privacy settings was found to be protective. Providers and parents should be aware of the effect of SM use on sexual behaviors. Copyright © 2017 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. "But He's a Star Football Player!": How Social Status Influences Mock Jurors' Perceptions in a Sexual Assault Case.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pica, Emily; Sheahan, Chelsea; Pozzulo, Joanna

    2017-06-01

    There have been several recent, high-profile cases in the media that have shed light on the perceived leniency in sentencing defendants in sexual assault cases. In a number of these cases, the defendant was well known within their community (e.g., Brock Turner; People v. Turner) or nationally (e.g., Ghomeshi; R v. Ghomeshi). The purpose of this study was to examine how the social status of the defendant (low vs. high), victim social status (low vs. high), victim gender (male vs. female), and the reason the victim was unconscious during the assault (consuming alcohol vs. consuming cold medicine) influenced mock jurors' decisions in a sexual assault case. Mock jurors ( N = 489) read a mock trial transcript depicting an alleged sexual assault. Mock jurors were asked to render a dichotomous verdict, continuous guilt rating, and rate their perceptions of the victim and defendant. There was no influence of the variables on mock jurors' dichotomous verdicts; however, social status influenced guilt ratings. There also was a combined influence of the defendant's social status and the reason the victim was unconscious such that when the defendant was described as low status, and the victim was unconscious due to alcohol consumption, the defendant received higher guilt ratings compared with when the victim was unconscious due to cold medicine. Moreover, the victim was perceived as having more control over the situation when the defendant was the star quarterback (i.e., high status), the victim was female, and she was unconscious due to alcohol consumption compared with cold medicine. These results suggest that victims may be blamed based on their perceived social status and other factors that may have influenced their control over the sexual assault, such as alcohol consumption.

  19. Reasons why undergraduate women comply with unwanted, non-coercive sexual advances: A serial indirect effect model integrating sexual script theory and sexual self-control perspectives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quinn-Nilas, Christopher; Kennett, Deborah J

    2018-01-16

    This study explored the predictors of young women's compliance with unwanted sexual activities, integrating the social with the cognitive and behavioral correlates of sexual compliance. In total, 222 young heterosexual women completed measures examining the Sexual Self-Control model, including reasons for consenting, sexual resourcefulness, and compliance with unwanted sex, as well as gender role measures pertaining to sexual script theory, including the sexual double standard, gender role stress, and virginity scripts. An exploratory analysis of serial indirect effects demonstrated that women scoring lower in sexual resourcefulness endorsed higher female gender role stress, which in turn was associated with higher endorsement of reasons for consent, translating into more frequent compliance with unwanted sexual activities. The relationship between one's ability to refuse and their decision to refuse appears quite complex. Understanding one's decision requires consideration of the social aspects of gender role endorsement.

  20. Components of Sexual Identity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shively, Michael G.; DeCecco, John P.

    1977-01-01

    This paper examines the four components of sexual identity: biological sex, gender identity, social sex-role, and sexual orientation. Theories about the development of each component and how they combine and conflict to form the individual's sexual identity are discussed. (Author)

  1. The Care of the “flesh”in the sexual socialization of youth1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rios, Luís Felipe; Paiva, Vera; Maksud, Ivia; Oliveira, Cinthia; da Silva Cruz, Claudia Maria; da Silva, Cristiane Gonçalves; Terto, Veriano; Parker, Richard

    2009-01-01

    In this paper we discuss the positions of Christian leaders about “managing” the sexuality of young people, as contextualized by the sexual politics of the state. These reflections are a result of an ethnographic study, conducted through archival work, participant observation, and interviews with 47 religious leaders in Recife. The analysis shows the space of religion as a disciplinary site, operating through transcendent reasoning (“responsibility”). The person is expected to incorporate such reasoning, and thus, make the appropriate differentiations between “right” and “wrong”. AIDS and adolescent pregnancy appear as a result of “temptations of the erotic flesh”. Through the perspective of human rights and health, the article deconstructs the idea of the “flesh” as dominated by “temptation” and an “essential force”, which leads the person to stray/sin/”risk”; resituating sexuality as a positive instance for subjects (of rights), and a condition for social fertility. PMID:20445831

  2. Replicación de los cromosomas sexuales de Saimiri sciureus

    OpenAIRE

    María Paulina Cabarcas M.; Marta Lucía Bueno

    2004-01-01

    El comportamiento de replicación tardía de los cromosomas sexuales de 19 individuos de la especie Saimiri sciureus fue estudiado utilizando cultivos de linfocitos sometidos a un pulso terminal de BrdU. Las metafases obtenidas fueron procesadas con el método de FPG para
    diferenciar las regiones tempranas y bromosustituídas en los cromosomas. No se encontró variación en los autosomas controles, en el cromosoma X isocíclico ni en el cromosoma Y, estos cromosomas mostraron un comportam...

  3. Estudio comparativo en el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en proceso de rehabilitación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Casique Casique

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: En México, el alcoholismo representa el 11.3% de la carga total de enfermedades,  49% de los suicidios, 38% de los homicidios y 38% de los casos de lesiones, particularmente entre jóvenes de 15 a 25 años de edad. Estos datos brindan un panorama sobre lo que el consumo de alcohol genera a nivel del comportamiento, y que por consecuencia, se ve reflejado en las acciones que realiza la persona. Objetivo: Proponer una red conceptual entre el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en el proceso de rehabilitación. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, transversal; con una muestra de 8 sujetos adscritos al Grupo de Alcohólicos Anónimos seleccionados aleatoriamente. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el instrumento “Cuestionario para valorar el comportamiento del dependiente de alcohol”. El análisis de datos se realizó bajo los conceptos de la Teoría Fundamentada. Resultados: Existe mayor prevalencia de consumo en individuos de 26, 27 y 30 años. El análisis cualitativo permitió establecer una red conceptual entre el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en el proceso de rehabilitación, la cual refleja una evolución de conducta violenta a conducta positiva por la influencia del Grupo de Alcohólicos Anónimos. Discusión: La ingesta inmoderada de bebidas alcohólicas es capaz de perturbar la conducta y convertir gradualmente al hombre en un agresor potencial; sin embargo, algunos pueden tomar una conducta de aislamiento. Conclusiones: La participación dentro del grupo permite un cambio de conducta al identificar las experiencias de otras personas, facilitando así, la reintegración social.Cómo citar este artículo: Casique L, Muñoz TJ, Herrera JM. Estudio comparativo en el comportamiento anterior y actual del dependiente de alcohol en proceso de rehabilitación. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2: 1070-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.173 

  4. Etiología, prevención y tratamiento de la delincuencia sexual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Martínez-Catena

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza el conocimiento actual sobre etiología, prevención y tratamiento de la delincuencia sexual. Diferentes experiencias infantiles traumáticas, como graves carencias afectivas, desatención familiar, crianza inapropiada y victimización sexual pueden contribuir al inicio de conductas de abuso o agresión sexual en algunos varones. Posteriormente, tales comportamientos delictivos pueden consolidarse en asociación con otros factores de riesgo personales, incluyendo graves déficits en empatía y firmes distorsiones cognitivas y justificaciones del delito. Dada esta diversidad de factores de riesgo, se considera aquí imprescindible que la agresión sexual se prevenga ya desde la infancia y la adolescencia, mediante intervenciones educativas en los contextos de la familia, la escuela y la justicia de menores. Aun así, cuando se producen delitos sexuales graves, sus autores van a ser probablemente detenidos y encarcelados. De ahí la necesidad también de aplicar tratamientos en las prisiones, que favorezcan la mejora terapéutica de los participantes y, a la postre, reduzcan su riesgo de reincidencia.

  5. From Margins to Mainstream: Social Media as a Tool for Campus Sexual Violence Activism

    Science.gov (United States)

    Linder, Chris; Myers, Jess S.; Riggle, Colleen; Lacy, Marvette

    2016-01-01

    Using Internet-related ethnography (Postill & Pink, 2012), we examined the role of social media in campus sexual violence activism. Based on observations of online activist communities and interviews with 23 activists, we highlight raising awareness, community building, and interrupting power dynamics as activism strategies enhanced by social…

  6. Normal male childhood and adolescent sexual interactions: implications for sexual orientation of the individual with intersex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Peter A; Houk, Christopher P

    2005-03-01

    Data provided by 24 adult men, 20 heterosexual and four homosexual, concerning parental, religious, geographic and explicit sexual innuendos, comments and childhood experiences are presented and discussed in an attempt to consider some of the multiple factors impacting the development of sexual orientation. All of the study subjects were normally developed males and were presumed to have been exposed to normal male levels of androgens prenatally. Since the experiences and perceptions reported are conditioned by a unique social environment that has been superimposed on a normal male typical prenatal CNS differentiation, the experiences of these men suggest that affirmation of masculinity, and openness in the realm of social and sexual interaction, may enhance the formation of a heterosexual orientation. Conversely, sexually explicit feedback with critical implications occurred commonly among the homosexual men, which they interpreted as implying an insufficient masculinity. Both innate factors and social influences impact sexual orientation; in some instances males appear to have been homosexual from early childhood onward, while in other cases there appears to have been some degree of conditioning and choice in sexual orientation. Regarding the intersexed male, this suggests that social interactions, particularly those provided by parents, have a major influence on the development of sexual orientation in the child, while all persons involved in these children's lives and particularly those who nurture must be prepared for any sexual orientation that develops.

  7. Structural characteristics of the online social networks of maltreated youth and offline sexual risk behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Negriff, Sonya; Valente, Thomas W

    2018-02-07

    Maltreated youth are at risk for exposure to online sexual content and high-risk sexual behavior, yet characteristics of their online social networks have not been examined as a potential source of vulnerability. The aims of the current study were: 1) to test indicators of size (number of friends) and fragmentation (number of connections between friends) of maltreated young adults' online networks as predictors of intentional and unintentional exposure to sexual content and offline high-risk sexual behavior and 2) to test maltreatment as a moderator of these associations. Participants were selected from a longitudinal study on the effects of child maltreatment (n = 152; Mean age 21.84 years). Data downloaded from Facebook were used to calculate network variables of size (number of friends), density (connections between friends), average degree (average number of connections for each friend), and percent isolates (those not connected to others in the network). Self-reports of intentional and unintentional exposure to online sexual content and offline high-risk sexual behavior were the outcome variables. Multiple-group path modeling showed that only for the maltreated group having a higher percent of isolates in the network predicted intentional exposure to online sexual content and offline high-risk sexual behavior. An implication of this finding is that the composition of the Facebook network may be used as a risk indicator for individuals with child-welfare documented maltreatment experiences. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  8. Relationship between negative social reactions to sexual assault disclosure and mental health outcomes of Black and White female survivors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hakimi, Dehnad; Bryant-Davis, Thema; Ullman, Sarah E; Gobin, Robyn L

    2018-05-01

    This study investigates the effect of race on the relationship between negative reactions to sexual assault disclosure and the psychological sequelae such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and problem drinking in female sexual assault survivors. Using hierarchical regression in an ethnically diverse community sample of 622 female adult sexual assault victims, we assessed for sexual assault; negative reactions to sexual assault disclosure; and symptom severity for PTSD, depression, and problem drinking. Negative social reactions to sexual assault disclosures were significantly associated with negative mental health outcomes across race. Race moderated the influence of negative disclosure reactions on psychological symptoms; however, the moderation was not similar across racial groups and psychological outcome measures. Although Black and White survivors evidenced distress through depression, PTSD, and substance use, Black women who received low to moderate negative reactions to their disclosures of assault were more likely to show increases in PTSD and depression whereas high negative reactions to disclosure were related to higher PTSD and depression similarly for both Black and White women. In addition, Black and White women who experienced more negative social reactions had greater substance abuse, with no difference by race. The results provide further support for detrimental effects of negative reactions on Black and White survivors and highlight the importance of educating people in the community about sexual assault and how to respond in more supportive ways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  9. Social Cognitions that Normalise Sexual Harassment of Women at Work: The Role of Moral Disengagement

    OpenAIRE

    Page, Thomas Edward

    2015-01-01

    Sexual harassment against women represents aggressive behaviour that is often enacted instrumentally, in response to a threatened sense of masculinity and male identity (cf. Maass & Cadinu, 2006). To date, however, empirical and theoretical attention to the social-cognitive processes that regulate workplace harassment is scant. Drawing on Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), the current thesis utilises the theoretical concept of moral disengagement in order to address this important gap i...

  10. The association between sexual orientation, susceptibility to social messages and disordered eating in men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gigi, Ido; Bachner-Melman, Rachel; Lev-Ari, Lilac

    2016-04-01

    Much research points to higher levels of disordered eating and more negative body image in gay and bisexual men than in heterosexual men. The reasons for this difference, however, remain unclear. We hypothesized that disturbed body image and eating attitudes in gay and bisexual men would be partially explained by susceptibility to social messages. Two hundred and sixty-two men (203 heterosexual, 46 gay and 13 bisexual) between 18 and 35 years of age participated in the study. They completed measures of disordered eating, body image, internalization of attitudes toward appearance, and concern for appropriateness. In addition, they were asked to what extent they were influenced by ten advertisements, four that emphasized physical appearance, and six that did not. As shown in previous research, gay and bisexual men reported higher levels of disordered eating and dissatisfaction with their bodies than heterosexual men. In addition, the gay and bisexual men were more susceptible than the heterosexual men to social messages, and reported being significantly more influenced than heterosexual men by advertisements focusing on physical appearance, but not by other advertisements. Susceptibility to social messages fully mediated the association between sexual orientation and disordered eating. Results provide support for the hypothesis that sensitivity to social messages about appearance explains, at least partially, the link between sexual orientation and disordered eating in men. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Emotional and social representations of future teachers about sexually transmitted diseases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aránzazu Cejudo Cortés Carmen María

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Health Education programs for young people have drastically increased in recent years in Spanish universities. In part, this is due to the fact that new cases of infection of a sexually transmitted disease continue happening, especially at this stage, and universities as an educational space in which a large number of young people are concentrated, must address this problem. Training young students in promoting healthy sexual habits will prevent not only new infections, but also facilitate the acquisition of competences in the students of the health and socio-educational areas, necessary for their later professional development. This research provides some information about the knowledge and attitudes of students of educational qualifications about HIV/AIDS, with particular relevance to the emotions and social representations that the students have about this fact and that can interfere in their lack of information making them more vulnerable to the disease.

  12. How do people evaluate social sexual conduct at work? A psycholegal model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wiener, R L; Hurt, L E

    2000-02-01

    The authors tested a psycholegal model of how people evaluate social sexual conduct at work with videotaped reenactments of interviews with alleged complainants, perpetrators, and other workers. Participants (200 full-time male and female workers) were randomly assigned to evaluate the complaints with either the reasonable person or reasonable woman legal standard. Participants answered questions about sexual harassment law and completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Participants who took the reasonable woman perspective, as compared with those who took the reasonable person perspective, were more likely to find the conduct harassing; this was especially the case among participants high in hostile sexism. Medium-sized gender effects were found in the severe case but were absent in the weaker, more ambiguous case. The implications of these findings for hostile work environment law are discussed.

  13. Multiple levels of social influence on adolescent sexual and reproductive health decision-making and behaviors in Ghana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Challa, Sneha; Manu, Abubakar; Morhe, Emmanuel; Dalton, Vanessa K; Loll, Dana; Dozier, Jessica; Zochowski, Melissa K; Boakye, Andrew; Adanu, Richard; Hall, Kelli Stidham

    2018-04-01

    Little is known about the multilevel social determinants of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) that shape the use of family planning (FP) among young women in Africa. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 63 women aged 15-24 years in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. We used purposive, stratified sampling to recruit women from community-based sites. Interviews were conducted in English or local languages, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Grounded theory-guided thematic analysis identified salient themes. Three primary levels of influence emerged as shaping young women's SRH experiences, decision-making, and behaviors. Interpersonal influences (peers, partners, and parents) were both supportive and unsupportive influences on sexual debut, contraceptive (non) use, and pregnancy resolution. Community influences included perceived norms about acceptability/unacceptability of adolescent sexual activity and its consequences (pregnancy, childbearing, abortion). Macro-social influences involved religion and abstinence and teachings about premarital sex, lack of comprehensive sex education, and limited access to confidential, quality SRH care. The willingness and ability of young women in our study to use FP methods and services were affected, often negatively, by factors operating within and across each level. These findings have implications for research, programs, and policies to address social determinants of adolescent SRH.

  14. Comportamiento de un dron

    OpenAIRE

    El Mouden Barrada, Ossama

    2018-01-01

    Este proyecto consiste en el estudio de la aerodinámica de un UAV. La idea principal, es la del estudio de su comportamiento, y el diseño más adecuado, para lograr de esta manera un planeador con una buena autonomía y rendimiento. El UAV que se diseñará en el siguiente proyecto, tendrá características de planeador y por lo tanto estará enfocado a la vigilancia. Como primera parte, se procederá a introducir esta tecnología explicando un poco su historia. Desde los primeros mo...

  15. Una reflexión sobre la cultura emprendedora fomentada, el comportamiento colaborativo y el comportamiento innovador en la empresa manufacturera

    OpenAIRE

    Villena Manzanares, Francisco

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a la literatura con un modelo teórico que se propone para reflexionar sobre las conductas y aspectos culturales que produzcan posibles comportamientos innovadores en empresas manufactureras. SIN FINANCIACIÓN No data (2015) UEM

  16. The use of social networking applications of smartphone and associated sexual risks in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: a systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, E P H; Wong, J Y H; Fong, D Y T

    2017-02-01

    The use of social networking applications (apps) on smartphones has the potential to impact sexual health and behaviour. This was the first systematic review to critically appraise and summarize the existing literature on the use of social networking apps on smartphones and their associated sexual health and sexual behaviour effects in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations. A systematic search was conducted in five databases (CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS and Sociological Abstracts), using controlled terms and keywords. Thirteen articles from 11 studies were included in this review. Studied outcomes included rates of unprotected sexual intercourse, the number of sexual partners, drug/alcohol use prior to/during sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) testing and the prevalence of STIs. Among app users, the prevalence of unprotected sex ranged from 17.0% to 66.7%. The mean number of sexual partners ranged from 1.4 to 2.9 (last 1-month period), and from 46.2 to 79.6 (lifetime). Two studies found that the prevalence of HIV infection was 1.9% and 11.4%, respectively. The self-reported prevalence of prior diagnosis of STIs other than HIV ranged from 9.1% to 51.0%. It should be noted that the heterogeneity of the study design and outcome measures across different studies hindered the comparison of findings across different studies. Furthermore, the findings in some studies are not reliable due to methodological problems. Our results highlight the need for more research with rigorous methodology to understand the negative impacts of using these apps on sexual health and sexual behaviour. For future studies, the operational definition of outcomes, including social networking app use and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), should be clearly outlined. The use of validated tools to measure sexual behaviour and biological measures of HIV and other STDs is preferable so that outcomes can be standardized to facilitate comparisons between

  17. Factors associated with sexual dysfunction in Jordanian women and their sexual attitudes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ali, Ruba M. Abu; AlHajeri Rabaa M; Khader, Yousef S; Ajlouni, Kamel M

    2009-01-01

    Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is defined as disorders of libido, arousal, and orgasm, as well as sexual pain, that leads to personal distress or interpersonal difficulties. Social aspects of FSD have been understudied. The aim of this study was to explore the social aspects of FSD and sexual attitudes of Jordanian women. Six hundred thirteen married females were studied between October 2006 and August 2007 at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan. Females were interviewed using a special questionnaire that was suitable to our culture and added to the Arabic translation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire. Older age was associated with a decreased total FSD index and its domain scores. Women with obesity were more likely to have impaired arousability and impaired capability of reaching orgasm. About 58.5% of women reported that they prepared themselves if they had sexual desire and 68.2% reported wearing special attire for this purpose. Only 37.2% of women could ask their husband for a special excitement. FSD is prevalent in Jordan. Its social aspects are understudied and need more research in the future. (author)

  18. The limitations of 'Black MSM' as a category: Why gender, sexuality, and desire still matter for social and biomedical HIV prevention methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia, Jonathan; Parker, Richard G; Parker, Caroline; Wilson, Patrick A; Philbin, Morgan; Hirsch, Jennifer S

    2016-01-01

    The USA faces disproportionate and increasing HIV incidence rates among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM). New biomedical technologies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been developed to address their HIV risk. Very little consideration, however, has been given to the diversity obscured by 'BMSM' as a category, to how this diversity relates to men's sexual partnering strategies, or to the relevance of these issues for new HIV prevention methods. We conducted a community-based ethnography from June 2013 to May 2014 documenting factors that affect the acceptance of and adherence to PrEP among BMSM. We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 BMSM and 17 community stakeholders, and participant observation. To demonstrate the diversity of social identities, we present a taxonomy of indigenous categories organised along the axes of sexual identity, sexual positioning, and gender performance. We analyse how HIV prevention strategies, such as PrEP, may be more effective if programmes consider how gender, sexuality, and sexual desire shape sexual partnering strategies. This article underlines the importance of attending to the diversity of sexual and social subjectivities among BMSM, of bringing the study of sexuality back into HIV prevention, and of integrating biomedical prevention approaches into community-based programmes.

  19. A Grounded Theory of Sexual Minority Women and Transgender Individuals' Social Justice Activism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hagen, Whitney B; Hoover, Stephanie M; Morrow, Susan L

    2018-01-01

    Psychosocial benefits of activism include increased empowerment, social connectedness, and resilience. Yet sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender individuals with multiple oppressed statuses and identities are especially prone to oppression-based experiences, even within minority activist communities. This study sought to develop an empirical model to explain the diverse meanings of social justice activism situated in SMW and transgender individuals' social identities, values, and experiences of oppression and privilege. Using a grounded theory design, 20 SMW and transgender individuals participated in initial, follow-up, and feedback interviews. The most frequent demographic identities were queer or bisexual, White, middle-class women with advanced degrees. The results indicated that social justice activism was intensely relational, replete with multiple benefits, yet rife with experiences of oppression from within and outside of activist communities. The empirically derived model shows the complexity of SMW and transgender individuals' experiences, meanings, and benefits of social justice activism.

  20. Sexual but not reproductive: exploring the junction and disjunction of sexual and reproductive rights.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miller, A M

    2000-01-01

    Although the term "sexual rights" has gained widespread currency, its concrete scope and content have not yet been fully defined. The need for definition is critical not only for promoting governmental accountability but also for ensuring that sexual rights can be claimed by diverse persons around the world. Ironically, the concept of "sexual and reproductive rights" poses a challenge to this effort; practices and people not traditionally addressed by reproductive rights work must be explicitly named and protected. This article considers how international norms have contributed to a gendered regulation of sexuality and of contemporary theories of "socially constructed sexuality," and it proposes a focus on the conditions that contribute to the ability to choose and on the links between sexuality, conduct, identity, social structures, and reproduction. Given the probable politically charged responses, global coalition-building is needed.

  1. A social network typology and sexual risk-taking among men who have sex with men in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Voux, Alex; Baral, Stefan D; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Beyrer, Chris; Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy; Siegler, Aaron J; Sullivan, Patrick S; Winskell, Kate; Stephenson, Rob

    2016-01-01

    Despite the high prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men in South Africa, very little is known about their lived realities, including their social and sexual networks. Given the influence of social network structure on sexual risk behaviours, a better understanding of the social contexts of men who have sex with men is essential for informing the design of HIV programming and messaging. This study explored social network connectivity, an understudied network attribute, examining self-reported connectivity between friends, family and sex partners. Data were collected in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, South Africa, from 78 men who have sex with men who participated in in-depth interviews that included a social network mapping component. Five social network types emerged from the content analysis of these social network maps based on the level of connectivity between family, friends and sex partners, and ranged from disconnected to densely connected networks. The ways in which participants reported sexual risk-taking differed across the five network types, revealing diversity in social network profiles. HIV programming and messaging for this population can greatly benefit from recognising the diversity in lived realities and social connections between men who have sex with men.

  2. Local differences in human immunodeficiency virus prevalence: a comparison of social venue patrons, antenatal patients, and sexually transmitted infection patients in eastern kinshasa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mwandagalirwa, Kashamuka; Jackson, Elizabeth F; McClamroch, Kristi; Bollinger, Robert; Ryder, Robert W; Weir, Sharon S

    2009-07-01

    This study compares the sexual behavior and HIV prevalence of men and women at social venues where people meet new sexual partners in Eastern Kinshasa with that of sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment and antenatal clinic (ANC) patients in the same area. ANC patients, STI clinic patients, and social venue patrons were interviewed, asked to provide a blood sample on-site, and provided with information about obtaining test results. Every patron at identified social venues in the study area was invited to participate. One thousand one hundred sixteen pregnant women; 66 male and 229 female STI clinic patients; and 952 male and 247 female patrons of social venues were interviewed and tested for HIV. HIV prevalence differed by group: ANC patients (4%); female venue patrons (12%); female STI patients (16%); male venue patrons (2%); and male STI patients (23%). HIV prevalence among sex workers at social venues (29%) was higher than HIV prevalence among other female patrons with new or multiple partnerships in the past four weeks (19%) and higher than HIV prevalence among female patrons denying sex work (6%). However, the absolute number of infected women was higher among women reporting recent new or multiple partnerships than among the smaller group of sex workers (23 vs. 18). Two-thirds of the infected female STI patients (24/36) reported no more than one and no new sexual partner in the past year. Improving prevention programs in Kinshasa is essential. Prevention efforts should not neglect women at social venues who do not self-identify as sex workers but who have high rates of new sexual partnership formation.

  3. Normative beliefs and sexual risk in China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Li; Ding, Ying Ying; Wu, Zunyou; Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane; Guo, Sam

    2011-08-01

    We examined normative beliefs about multiple sexual partners and social status in China and their association with risky sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Self-reported and biological markers of sexual risk were examined among 3,716 market vendors from a city in eastern China. Men who were older or with less education believed having multiple sexual partners was linked to higher social status. Adjusting for demographic characteristics, normative beliefs were significantly associated with having multiple sexual partners, while having multiple sexual partners was significantly associated with STIs. Normative beliefs regarding sexual behaviors may play an important role in individual risk behaviors. Future HIV/STI interventions must address community beliefs about the positive meaning of sexual risks, particularly among men with traditional beliefs about gender roles.

  4. Advances in cognitive-social-personality theory: applications to sport psychology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronald E. Smith

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Muchas teorías y técnicas de intervención en psicología del deporte tienen un énfasis cognitivo-conductual y los psicólogos del deporte han estado interesados desde hace tiempo en las diferencias individuales. Los desarrollos crecientes en la teoría cognitivo social de la personalidad ofrecen nuevas oportunidades para entender el comportamiento deportivo. El descubrimiento de diferencias individuales estables en las relaciones situación comportamiento ha ayudado a resolver el debate persona-situación en los últimos años, y las rúbricas conductuales ideográficamente distintivas se han demostrado ahora en los comportamientos de los entrenadores en diferentes situaciones de juego. Además, los comportamientos de los entrenadores se relacionan de manera diferenciada con las preferencias de los deportistas por el entrenador, en función de que ocurran en situaciones en que se está ganando o perdiendo. El Sistema de Procesamiento Cognitivo-Afectivo de Mischel y Shoda (1995 ofrece una nueva herramienta para estudiar constructos de psicología del deporte como los objetivos de logro y la ansiedad. Así como la teoría cognitivo-social puede informar a la investigación, el desarrollo de teoría, y las intervenciones en psicología del deporte, la investigación en los ámbitos deportivos puede avanzar el futuro desarrollo de la teoría cognitivo-social de la personalidad.

  5. Social Stigma and Sexual Minorities' Romantic Relationship Functioning: A Meta-Analytic Review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doyle, David Matthew; Molix, Lisa

    2015-10-01

    To bolster knowledge of determinants of relationship functioning among sexual minorities, the current meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively review evidence for the association between social stigma and relationship functioning as well as examine potential moderators. Thirty-five studies were identified, including 130 effect sizes (39 independent; N = 10,745). Across studies, evidence was found for a small but significant inverse association between social stigma and relationship functioning. Furthermore, this association was moderated by stigma type (with more deleterious associations for internalized relative to perceived stigma) and dimension of relationship functioning (with more deleterious associations for affective relative to cognitive and negative relative to positive). Evidence for demographic moderators (region, sex, race, age) was generally mixed although important limitations related to unique characteristics of study samples are discussed. We conclude by highlighting the importance of social stigma for relationship functioning and point toward directions for future research and policy action. © 2015 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

  6. School Social Workers' Needs in Supporting Adolescents with Disabilities toward Dating and Sexual Health: A Qualitative Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adams Rueda, Heidi; Linton, Kristen F.; Williams, Lela Rankin

    2014-01-01

    School social workers approach their direct practice from ecological systems and justice-oriented perspectives. As such, they may hold a critical role in providing needed sexual health and dating education and services to adolescents with disabilities. Thirteen high school social workers who work closely with adolescents with disabilities were…

  7. Educación para la prevención del VIH destinada a jóvenes: un análisis desde la Determinación Social de la Salud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Harold Estrada Montoya

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: en América Latina, l@s jóvenes son el grupo quepresenta mayor crecimiento de prevalencia de VIH o del riesgo deadquirirlo. La gente joven es particularmente vulnerable debidoa sus comportamientos sexuales; uso de drogas ilícitas; falta deacceso a los servicios educativos y de salud; factores culturales,económicos y sociales; violencia estructural, marginalización ypobreza. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de laliteratura sobre evaluaciones de programas educativos sobre VIHdestinados a jóvenes en las bases de datos internacionales durantecuatro años. Se consultaron libros especializados en educación,documentos primarios y secundarios, y literatura gris, paraidentificar los principales factores considerados exitosos y quepuedan ser implementados en América Latina, teniendo en cuentasu contexto histórico y político. Resultados: la revisión identificó120 documentos relacionados con la evaluación de programaseducativos sobre VIH. Los programas fueron consideradosexitosos si: excedían la metodología ABC (Abstinencia, Ser fiel yUso de condón; estaban soportados por autoridades nacionaleso regionales; usaban métodos de instrucción participativa;presentaban información comprensiva; incluían educacióngeneral sobre VIH, prácticas de reducción de riesgo, métodos decontracepción y uso de condón, respeto por la diversidad sexual yde género; y finalmente garantizar la adherencia y permanencia delos jóvenes en los programas. Conclusiones: los programas exitososen VIH, promueven la adquisición de procesos y comportamientosprotectores enfocándose en los procesos históricos, contextuales,psico-sociales y sexuales que afectan el comportamiento y lasalud. Una educación comprometida con la reconstrucción dela ciudadanía de l@s jóvenes contribuirá a la contención de lapandemia y sus impactos.

  8. "Assault-related shame mediates the association between negative social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and psychological distress": Correction to Decou et al. (2017).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2018-03-01

    Reports an error in "Assault-related shame mediates the association between negative social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and psychological distress" by Christopher R. DeCou, Trevor T. Cole, Shannon M. Lynch, Maria M. Wong and Kathleen C. Matthews ( Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy , 2017[Mar], Vol 9[2], 166-172). In the article, there was an error in the coding of missing values thus effecting the abstract, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections. The frequency counts for sexual assault victimization, reactions to social disclosure, and assault-related shame were calculated incorrectly due to an error in the coding of missing values, and have been corrected in the description of participants and in the results and discussion sections. In addition, the sample size was incorrectly reported as N = 207, and should have appeared as "N = 208." The sample size and corresponding percentages have been corrected throughout the text. Two transcription errors for the indirect effects via PTSD and global distress were also corrected. These indirect effects were incorrectly reported as "PCL-C; β = .27," and "OQ-45.2;β = .21," and should have appeared as "PCL-C;β = .26," and "OQ-45.2; β = .20." (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2016-43136-001.) Objective: Several studies have identified associations between social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and psychological distress; however, no studies have evaluated shame as a mediator of this association. This study evaluated assault-related shame as a mediator of the associations between negative social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and global distress and hypothesized that there would be an indirect effect of social reactions to disclosure upon symptoms of psychopathology via assault-related shame. Participants were 207 female psychology undergraduates who reported past

  9. Predicting College Students' Intergroup Friendships across Race/Ethnicity, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Social Class

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goldstein, Susan B.

    2013-01-01

    This study seeks to expand the literature on predicting friendship diversity beyond race/ethnicity to include religion, social class, and sexual orientation. Survey packets elicited information regarding up to four close friendships developed during college. Additional measures assessed pre-college friendship diversity, participation in college…

  10. Comportamientos y capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    EDITH ARREDONDO HOLGUÍN

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir comportamientos y capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca de una clínica cardiovascular de Medellín entre noviembre de 2007 y mayo de 2008. Es un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo. La muestra fue de 206 adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca diagnosticados por sintomatología clínica, fracción de eyección menor o igual a 40%. Se usaron para la recolección de datos la Escala Capacidad de Agencia de Autocuidado desarrollada por Isemberg y Evers et ál. (1993, traducida por Gallego, que mide el nivel de agencia de autocuidado, y la Escala Comportamientos de Autocuidado validada en Colombia en 2007 por Arredondo, que mide la frecuencia de comportamientos de autocuidado de adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca en la solicitud de ayuda, adaptación a vivir con la enfermedad y el régimen terapéutico, modificación del autoconcepto y aceptación de sí mismo, vivir con efectos de la insuficiencia cardiaca y el tratamiento. Concluye que el mayor número de pacientes eran hombres; que factores básicos condicionantes como el apoyo de la familia, desempeño de un trabajo, afiliación al sistema de salud, nivel socioeconómico y acceso a un nivel educativo fueron importantes para los pacientes. La frecuencia de comportamientos de autocuidado fue media en los adultos en la mayoría de las dimensiones y el nivel de agencia fue alto y muy alto. Igualmente se concluyó que no hay una correlación entre agencia y comportamientos de autocuidado. Lo que plantea que los adultos tienen el conocimiento pero no han tomado la decisión de realizar acciones de autocuidado.

  11. Theories about sex and sexuality in utopian socialism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Poldervaart, S

    1995-01-01

    It was the utopian socialists of the period 1800-50 (Fourier, Saint-Simon, and the Saint-Simonians in France, as well as the Owenites in Great Britain) who not only challenged the imperialism of reason but sought to rehabilitate the flesh by valuing its pleasure and incentives. Sex and sexuality were central issues for the first socialists, who were scorned as "utopian" by Marx and Engels for seeking to improve the status of all members of society through peaceful means. Because Marxism has played a greater role in the history of socialism, the utopian socialist discussions have been largely disregarded. This essay analyzes the works of the utopian socialists Fourier, Saint-Simon, and the Saint-Simonians, arguing that resurgences of the utopian socialist tradition can be discerned around 1900 and again circa 1970.

  12. Profiles of African American College Students’ Alcohol Use and Sexual Behaviors: Associations With Stress, Racial Discrimination, and Social Support

    Science.gov (United States)

    Metzger, Isha W.; Cooper, Shauna M.; Ritchwood, Tiarney D.; Onyeuku, Chisom; Griffin, Charity Brown

    2017-01-01

    Though studies show that alcohol use and sexual activity increase during emerging adulthood, few studies examine within–ethnic group differences, particularly among African American college students. This investigation utilized a latent class analytic methodology to identify risk behavior profiles of alcohol use (frequency and amount of alcohol consumed), sexual activity (number of intimate partners), and co-occurring risk behaviors (drinking before sexual intercourse) among 228 African American college students. This investigation also examined whether identified risk behavior profiles were associated with stress (interpersonal, intraperso-nal, academic, and environmental), experiences of racial discrimination, and social support (from family, friends, and the college community). Results identified five distinct profiles within this sample: (a) High Sexual Risk—above-average sexual activity; (b) Abstainers—below-average alcohol use and sexual activity; (c) Low Risk—average alcohol use and sexual activity; (d) Alcohol Risk—above-average alcohol use and below-average sexual activity; and (e) Co-Occurring Risk—above-average alcohol use and sexual activity. Identified profiles differed across interpersonal and environmental stress, and self-reported frequency of experiences with racial discrimination. Implications for prevention programs and interventions aimed at reducing alcohol and sexual activity for African American college students are discussed. PMID:27215314

  13. Profiles of African American College Students' Alcohol Use and Sexual Behaviors: Associations With Stress, Racial Discrimination, and Social Support.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Metzger, Isha W; Cooper, Shauna M; Ritchwood, Tiarney D; Onyeuku, Chisom; Griffin, Charity Brown

    2017-01-01

    Though studies show that alcohol use and sexual activity increase during emerging adulthood, few studies examine within-ethnic group differences, particularly among African American college students. This investigation utilized a latent class analytic methodology to identify risk behavior profiles of alcohol use (frequency and amount of alcohol consumed), sexual activity (number of intimate partners), and co-occurring risk behaviors (drinking before sexual intercourse) among 228 African American college students. This investigation also examined whether identified risk behavior profiles were associated with stress (interpersonal, intrapersonal, academic, and environmental), experiences of racial discrimination, and social support (from family, friends, and the college community). Results identified five distinct profiles within this sample: (a) High Sexual Risk-above-average sexual activity; (b) Abstainers-below-average alcohol use and sexual activity; (c) Low Risk-average alcohol use and sexual activity; (d) Alcohol Risk-above-average alcohol use and below-average sexual activity; and (e) Co-Occurring Risk-above-average alcohol use and sexual activity. Identified profiles differed across interpersonal and environmental stress, and self-reported frequency of experiences with racial discrimination. Implications for prevention programs and interventions aimed at reducing alcohol and sexual activity for African American college students are discussed.

  14. Gender differences in the association between childhood physical and sexual abuse, social support and psychosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte; Fisher, Helen L; Fearon, Paul; Hutchinson, Gerard; Morgan, Kevin; Dazzan, Paola; Boydell, Jane; Doody, Gillian A; Jones, Peter B; Murray, Robin M; Craig, Thomas K; Morgan, Craig

    2015-10-01

    Childhood adversity (variously defined) is a robust risk factor for psychosis, yet the mitigating effects of social support in adulthood have not yet been explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between childhood sexual and physical abuse and adult psychosis, and gender differences in levels of perceived social support. A sample of 202 individuals presenting for the first time to mental health services with psychosis and 266 population-based controls from south-east London and Nottingham, UK, was utilised. The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire was used to elicit retrospective reports of exposure to childhood adversity, and the Significant Others Questionnaire was completed to collect information on the current size of social networks and perceptions of emotional and practical support. There was evidence of an interaction between severe physical abuse and levels of support (namely, number of significant others; likelihood ratio test χ(2) = 3.90, p = 0.048). When stratified by gender, there were no clear associations between childhood physical or sexual abuse, current social support and odds of psychosis in men. In contrast, for women, the highest odds of psychosis were generally found in those who reported severe abuse and low levels of social support in adulthood. However, tests for interaction by gender did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the potential benefits of social support as a buffer against the development of adult psychosis amongst those, particularly women, with a history of early life stress.

  15. El retrato de fase como una herramienta de análisis del comportamiento motor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa Angulo-Barroso

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Existe un gran número de investigaciones centradas en la adquisición y perfeccionamiento de habilidades motrices. Estas investigaciones intentan explicar cuál es la fuente y los procesos de cambio de los comportamientos motores que permiten al individuo adquirir o perfeccionar una habilidad. La ventaja de la Teoría de los Sistemas Dinámicos (TSD como marco de referencia es la inclusión de un análisis contextual en el proceso de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer una metodología llamada retrato de fase, la cual facilita el estudio del comportamiento motor basándose en los principios de la TSD. Datos biomecánicos tratados con una técnica de reducción adecuada constituyen una buena herramienta para describir y entender los cambios que suceden en el comportamiento motor. Los retratos de fase, mediante un gráfico (posición angular, velocidad angular, son capaces de capturar el complejo juego de fuerzas que influyen en el comportamiento motor. En este artículo, las formas de las trayectorias de los gráficos nos indicaron: (1 cómo el organismo se comporta durante la realización de las habilidades motoras analizadas mostrando sus patrones generales; (2 las singularidades poblacionales (con deficiencias y sin deficiencias o individuales; (3 los comportamientos adquiridos en el proceso de aprendizaje (novato y experto; y (4 los cambios producidos por manipulación del entorno. No obstante, los retratos de fase aunque muy útiles para resumir el comportamiento motor, no son representaciones completas del mismo y deberíamos completarlos con otras técnicas de análisis.

  16. Variaciones en el comportamiento electoral en Paraguay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana DUARTE RECALDE

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available El proceso electoral en Paraguay se ha visto condicionado históricamente por el control de la Asociación Nacional Republicana, partido hegemónico durante los años del régimen de Stroessner y los años de la transición democrática. Por este motivo, la alternancia al mando del Poder Ejecutivo ocurrida en el año 2008, como resultado del proceso electoral, marcó un hito en la historia política del país y resaltó la importancia del análisis del comportamiento electoral de los paraguayos, sus tendencias y los elementos coyunturales y estructurales que las condicionan. En el presente trabajo se describen los parámetros de comportamiento electoral en las tres últimas elecciones generales celebradas en el país considerando los índices de volatilidad electoral resultantes de estos comicios y los niveles de participación efectiva registrados, analizándolos a partir del contexto sociopolítico en que se desarrollan.

  17. Sharing "Sex Secrets" on Facebook: A Content Analysis of Youth Peer Communication and Advice Exchange on Social Media about Sexual Health and Intimate Relations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yeo, Tien Ee Dominic; Chu, Tsz Hang

    2017-09-01

    Social media present opportunities and challenges for sexual health communication among young people. This study is one of the first to examine the actual use of Facebook for peer communication of sexual health and intimate relations. Content analysis of 2186 anonymous posts in a "sex secrets" Facebook page unofficially affiliated with a Hong Kong University shows gender balance among posters, inclusiveness of sexual minorities, and frequent sharing of personal experiences in storytelling or advice seeking. The findings illuminate young people's health concerns regarding condom use, avoiding pain, birth control, sexually transmitted infections, and body appearance. Relational concerns found entailed sexual practices, expectations, and needs-predominantly within dating relationships and include not wanting to have sex. Supportive communication among users was prevalent. A majority of posts involved advice solicitation in the form of request for opinion or information (30.38%), request for advice (13.68%), situation comparison (5.40%), or problem disclosure (9.97%). Comments to the advice-seeking posts were mostly supportive (69.49%); nonsupportive responses (unsolicited messages and gratuitous humor) were concentrated with ambiguous advice solicitations. These findings hold implications for understanding self-disclosure of intimate concerns within social networks, and attuning sexual health intervention on social media to young people's actual needs and advice preferences.

  18. Sexual practices in youth: analysis of lifetime sexual trajectory and last sexual intercourse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Luiza Heilborn

    Full Text Available This article examines the sexual practices of young Brazilians based on data from the GRAVAD Research Project, a household survey targeting males and females from 18 to 24 years of age (n = 4,634 in three Brazilian State capitals: Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, and Salvador. The set of practices experienced over the course of their sexual careers is characterized by traits of social belonging, elements from individual life histories, and prescribed rules of conduct for men and women. The authors compared the young people's range of lifetime practices and those from last sexual relations in order to discuss the spread and incorporation of practices into life histories. The data point to the hegemony of vaginal sex in both the lifetime repertoire of sexual practices and the last sexual encounters, such that vaginal sex provides the prime definition of heterosexuality.

  19. Comportamiento lineal y no lineal de las deflexiones en vigas de concreto reforzado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilmer Alfredo Martínez Maldonado, Oscar Javier Gutiérrez Junco

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El  objetivo  del  trabajo  que  aquí  se  presenta  fue determinar el comportamiento lineal y no lineal de las deflexiones en vigas de concreto reforzado, producidas por la aplicación de una carga puntual en el centro de la  luz, y comparar los comportamientos hasta y más allá  del  estado  elástico,  con  base  en modelosexperimentales, teóricos y computacionales mediante el  programa  Xtrac.  Esta  simulación  considera deformaciones  y  comportamientos  en  diferentes estados  progresivos  de  carga  y  determina modelos gráficos de daño y plasticidad del material de concreto y acero.

  20. Sexual self-schema and sexual morbidity among gynecologic cancer survivors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andersen, B L; Woods, X A; Copeland, L J

    1997-04-01

    Longitudinal research indicates that approximately 50% of women treated for gynecologic cancer have sexual dysfunctions as they recover and become cancer survivors. This outcome occurs in the context of satisfactory quality of life in other domains. This study, comparing gynecologic cancer survivors (n = 61) and gynecologically healthy women (n = 74), documents the reliability of the latter observations with measures of quality of life (general, depressive symptoms, social contacts, and stress), sexual functioning, and health. Of added importance are analyses focused on variables that may predict risk for sexual morbidity. Specifically, sexual self-schema is tested as an important, sexually relevant individual difference. In regression analyses that controlled for estimates of precancer sexual behavior (intercourse frequency), extent of disease-treatment, and menopausal symptoms, sexual self-schema accounted for significant variance in predicting current sexual behavior and responsiveness.

  1. Sexual life and sexual wellness in individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fliegner, Maike; Krupp, Kerstin; Brunner, Franziska; Rall, Katharina; Brucker, Sara Y; Briken, Peer; Richter-Appelt, Hertha

    2014-03-01

    Sexual wellness depends on a person's physical and psychological constitution. Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) can compromise sexual well-being. To compare sexual well-being in CAIS and MRKHS using multiple measures: To assess sexual problems and perceived distress. To gain insight into participants' feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, level of self-esteem and depression. To determine how these psychological factors relate to sexual (dys)function. To uncover what participants see as the source of their sexual problems. Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Eleven individuals with CAIS and 49 with MRKHS with/without neovagina treatment were included. Rates of sexual dysfunctions, overall sexual function, feelings of inadequacy in social and sexual situations, self-esteem and depression scores were calculated. Categorizations were used to identify critical cases. Correlations between psychological variables and sexual function were computed. Sexually active subjects were compared with sexually not active participants. A qualitative content analysis was carried out to explore causes of sexual problems. An extended list of sexual problems based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision, by the American Psychiatric Association and related distress. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), German Questionnaire on Feelings of Inadequacy in Social and Sexual Situations (FUSS social scale, FUSS sexual scale), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) subscale depression. Open question on alleged causes of sexual problems. The results point to a far-reaching lack of sexual confidence and sexual satisfaction in CAIS. In MRKHS apprehension in sexual situations is a source of distress, but sexual problems seem to be more focused on issues of vaginal functioning. MRKHS women report being satisfied with their

  2. Social Context and Adolescent Behavior: The Impact of Community on the Transition to Sexual Activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brewster, Karin L.; And Others

    1993-01-01

    Analysis of aggregate- and individual-level data for a national sample of white women suggest that adolescent nonmarital sexual activity and contraceptive use are shaped by the local opportunity structure and normative environment. Social disintegration, socioeconomic status, and availability of employment opportunities for women emerged as…

  3. Sexuality, intimacy, and gynecological cancer

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Weijmar Schultz, W.C.M.; van de Wiel, H.B.M.

    2003-01-01

    On a psychological level, not all changes in sexual functioning following gynecological cancer treatment automatically lead to sexual problems or dysfunctions. Whether sexual dissatisfaction occurs will also depend on personal factors, social factors, and the context in which these negative changes

  4. Beyond Sexual Orientation: Integrating Gender/Sex and Diverse Sexualities via Sexual Configurations Theory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Anders, Sari M

    2015-07-01

    Sexual orientation typically describes people's sexual attractions or desires based on their sex relative to that of a target. Despite its utility, it has been critiqued in part because it fails to account for non-biological gender-related factors, partnered sexualities unrelated to gender or sex, or potential divergences between love and lust. In this article, I propose Sexual Configurations Theory (SCT) as a testable, empirically grounded framework for understanding diverse partnered sexualities, separate from solitary sexualities. I focus on and provide models of two parameters of partnered sexuality--gender/sex and partner number. SCT also delineates individual gender/sex. I discuss a sexual diversity lens as a way to study the particularities and generalities of diverse sexualities without privileging either. I also discuss how sexual identities, orientations, and statuses that are typically seen as misaligned or aligned are more meaningfully conceptualized as branched or co-incident. I map out some existing identities using SCT and detail its applied implications for health and counseling work. I highlight its importance for sexuality in terms of measurement and social neuroendocrinology, and the ways it may be useful for self-knowledge and feminist and queer empowerment and alliance building. I also make a case that SCT changes existing understandings and conceptualizations of sexuality in constructive and generative ways informed by both biology and culture, and that it is a potential starting point for sexual diversity studies and research.

  5. Men and infant feeding: perceptions of embarrassment, sexuality, and social conduct in white low-income British men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Henderson, Lesley; McMillan, Brian; Green, Josephine M; Renfrew, Mary J

    2011-03-01

    The views of fathers have been shown to be important determinants of infant feeding decisions, but men's perceptions of breastfeeding and formula feeding are rarely explored. Our objectives were to address this gap and examine cultural associations and beliefs concerning infant feeding practices among men. Five focus groups were conducted with low-income men (n = 28) living in areas of social deprivation in Leeds, northeast of England, and low-income areas of Glasgow, west of Scotland. Participants were white British men, aged between 16 and 45 years, and included fathers, expectant fathers, and potential fathers. Overarching themes concerning sexuality, embarrassment, and social conduct were identified across all groups. Participants perceived breastfeeding as "natural" but problematic, whereas formula feeding was mainly considered as convenient and safe. Participants without direct experience of breastfeeding assumed that it involved excessive public exposure and attracted unwanted male attention. Underpinning these fears were strong cultural associations between breasts and sexuality and anxieties concerning appropriate gender roles. In some communities few opportunities may occur to witness breastfeeding, and thus existing fears concerning the activity as attracting predatory male attention remain unchallenged. Perceptions of breastfeeding as a sexual activity and the dominant mass media emphasis on breasts as a sexual site may present additional obstacles to breastfeeding. Antenatal or perinatal education with men should address not only practical issues but also provide advice on tackling problems generated by wider sociocultural issues of sexuality and masculinity. © 2010, Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation © 2010, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. Effectiveness of a Social Marketing Campaign Promoting Use of a Sexual Health Text Service by Teens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Willoughby, Jessica Fitts

    2015-01-01

    Sexual health text message services are becoming an increasingly popular way to provide adolescents with accurate sexual health information, but promotion of such services is often limited. This study uses three quantitative methods (service use data, a text message-based questionnaire, and an in-school online survey) to assess the effectiveness of an in-school social marketing campaign promoting a sexual health text message service that connects teens directly with a health educator. The 3-month campaign was associated with increased service use, but use was still relatively low. Follow-up qualitative work that included focus groups and interviews found a number of barriers to use. Teens indicated they did not have sexual health questions, did not think of the service, or were unsure how to use it. Teens also brought up additional barriers such as concern over parents seeing the messages. Implications for text message service providers and health educators are discussed.

  7. Sexual abuse, social stigma and HIV vulnerability among young feminised men in Lahore and Karachi, Pakistan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Lind van Wijngaarden, Jan W; Schunter, Bettina T; Iqbal, Qasim

    2013-01-01

    This study describes the experiences of 10 young feminised men in Pakistan. They face high levels of stigma, violence and sexual abuse. The average age of first sex was 11 years old and all reported having been been raped during childhood and early adolescence, often several times. While some mothers and siblings were quietly supportive, young feminised men often end up running away from home, finding support as a member of a hijra dera, a 'pseudo-household' led by an older feminised man or guru, in which they find employment as dancers or sex workers. After their entry into sex work there is little or no opportunity to use condoms. The hijra dera offer an important entry point for improved social support and sexual health programmes, including efforts to ensure young feminised men postpone their sexual debut and/or improve their sexual health, retain access to education, explore alternative forms of employment and improve access to health care.

  8. Sexual Function Across Aging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clayton, Anita H; Harsh, Veronica

    2016-03-01

    Women experience multiple changes in social and reproductive statuses across the life span which can affect sexual functioning. Various phases of the sexual response cycle may be impacted and can lead to sexual dysfunction. Screening for sexual problems and consideration of contributing factors such as neurobiology, reproductive life events, medical problems, medication use, and depression can help guide appropriate treatment and thereby improve the sexual functioning and quality of life of affected women. Treatment options include psychotropic medications, hormone therapy, and psychotherapy.

  9. Trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual y papel del Trabajador/a Social

    OpenAIRE

    Coterillo García, Ainhoa

    2016-01-01

    La trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual es un fenómeno poco visible en nuestra sociedad, que supone graves dificultades a nivel biopsicosocial para las personas que lo sufren. Para la superación de estas dificultades y propiciar su inclusión en la sociedad, es necesario que exista una intervención integral y de calidad desde el Trabajo Social. En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se pretende conocer la realidad que rodea la trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual....

  10. El acoso sexual en el deporte: el caso de las estudiantes-deportistas del grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de Cataluña

    OpenAIRE

    Martín i Horcajo, Montse; Juncà i Pujol, Albert

    2014-01-01

    Las pocas actuaciones de sensibilización en los contextos catalán y español sobre la existencia del acoso sexual en el deporte han tenido lugar durante la última década, pero el acoso sexual es todavía un tema de investigación poco estudiado. Sin embargo, investigaciones en países como Australia, Canadá, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos, Finlandia, Noruega, y Reino Unido demuestran que el acoso sexual no es un comportamiento ajeno al mundo del deporte. Ya en el año 2007 el COI hizo un llamamiento a ...

  11. Male sexuality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ginsberg, Terrie B

    2010-05-01

    It should be recognized that sexuality in the aging male is of such import that a complete sexual history must be performed. By taking a complete sexual history, facts can be obtained that will allow for appropriate focus relating to a holistic evaluation and will enable us to dispel antiquated sexual myths pertaining to the aging male. If initiated by the history taker, questions concerning sexuality may be discussed more comfortably by the patient. Erectile dysfunction, male sexual response cycle, testosterone, sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, long-term illness, along with religion and culture are explored in this article with the aim of improving one's knowledge base, self reflection, and awareness of the importance of male sexuality. A complete understanding and appreciation of the aging male's medical history, surgical history, social history, and emotional history as well as his sexual, cultural, and religious concepts will allow the health care provider to better analyze information, and to recommend and provide appropriate advice and treatment to the aging male patient. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Sexual health for people with intellectual disability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eastgate, Gillian

    2008-01-01

    People with intellectual disability experience the same range of sexual needs and desires as other people. However, they experience many difficulties meeting their needs. They may be discouraged from relieving sexual tension by masturbating. They face a high risk of sexual abuse. They are likely not to be offered the full range of choices for contraception and sexual health screening. Poor education and social isolation may increase their risk of committing sexual offences. However, with appropriate education and good social support, people with intellectual disability are capable of safe, constructive sexual expression and healthy relationships. Providing such support is an essential part of supporting people with intellectual disability.

  13. Development of sexual expectancies among adolescents: contributions by parents, peers and the media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ragsdale, Kathleen; Bersamin, Melina M; Schwartz, Seth J; Zamboanga, Byron L; Kerrick, Madeleine R; Grube, Joel W

    2014-01-01

    To expand the scant research on sexual expectancies development among non-sexually active adolescents, we examined the relationship between adolescents' exposure to four socializing agents--mother/female guardian, father/male guardian, peers, and television programs with high sexual content--and their endorsement of four sexual expectancies: social benefit, pleasure, social risk, and health risk. Data are from Waves 2 and 3 of a three-wave annual longitudinal study conducted among California adolescents, the majority of whom were not sexually active (N = 914, 84%). Structural equation models were conducted to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the socializing agents and the sexual expectancies. Cross-sectional results indicate associations between peer sexual communication and social benefit, pleasure, and social risk expectancies. A positive association was found between exposure to music videos and social benefit expectancies, and a negative association was found between exposure to music videos and health risk expectancies. Longitudinal results suggest that communication with peers positively predicted pleasure expectancies and negatively predicted social risk expectancies. No other socializing agents were associated with any sexual expectancies. An invariance test found that significant correlations were similar across the different age groups. Results suggest that efforts to support positive sexual decision making among non-sexually active adolescents should target peer sexual communication.

  14. Delivering Education about Sexual Violence: Reflections on the Experience of Teaching a Sensitive Topic in the Social and Health Sciences

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scriver, Stacey; Kennedy, Kieran M.

    2016-01-01

    Sexual violence is a serious and prevalent violation that is experienced by as many as one in three people worldwide. Professionals working in areas of health, social work, law, policy-development and other fields engage with survivors of sexual violence. Their knowledge of this issue is an important determinant in how they react towards survivors…

  15. Hypermasculinity, intimate partner violence, sexual aggression, social support, and child maltreatment risk in urban, heterosexual fathers taking parenting classes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vasquez Guerrero, Desi Alonzo

    2009-01-01

    This study examines the relationships between hypermasculinity, sexual aggression, intimate partner violence, social support, and child maltreatment risk among heterosexual fathers completing parenting classes. Hypermasculinity scores were found to be significant predictors of study participants' reported verbal, physical, and sexual aggression toward their intimate partners. Only lack of social support, operationalized as the reported frequency of participants' conversations with friends, relatives, or neighbors about their problems, was found to be a significant predictor of child maltreatment risk. Alcohol frequency, education, and monthly income were not found to be unique, significant predictors of any dependent variables. Implications for clinical practice and research as well as limitations to the current study are discussed.

  16. Psychophysiological correlates of sexually and non-sexually motivated attention to film clips in a workload task.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carvalho, Sandra; Leite, Jorge; Galdo-Álvarez, Santiago; Gonçalves, Oscar F

    2011-01-01

    Some authors have speculated that the cognitive component (P3) of the Event-Related Potential (ERP) can function as a psychophysiological measure of sexual interest. The aim of this study was to determine if the P3 ERP component in a workload task can be used as a specific and objective measure of sexual motivation by comparing the neurophysiologic response to stimuli of motivational relevance with different levels of valence and arousal. A total of 30 healthy volunteers watched different films clips with erotic, horror, social-positive and social-negative content, while answering an auditory oddball paradigm. Erotic film clips resulted in larger interference when compared to both the social-positive and auditory alone conditions. Horror film clips resulted in the highest levels of interference with smaller P3 amplitudes than erotic and also than social-positive, social-negative and auditory alone condition. No gender differences were found. Both horror and erotic film clips significantly decreased heart rate (HR) when compared to both social-positive and social-negative films. The erotic film clips significantly increased the skin conductance level (SCL) compared to the social-negative films. The horror film clips significantly increased the SCL compared to both social-positive and social-negative films. Both the highly arousing erotic and non-erotic (horror) movies produced the largest decrease in the P3 amplitude, a decrease in the HR and an increase in the SCL. These data support the notion that this workload task is very sensitive to the attentional resources allocated to the film clip, although they do not act as a specific index of sexual interest. Therefore, the use of this methodology seems to be of questionable utility as a specific measure of sexual interest or as an objective measure of the severity of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. © 2011 Carvalho et al.

  17. Psychophysiological correlates of sexually and non-sexually motivated attention to film clips in a workload task.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Carvalho

    Full Text Available Some authors have speculated that the cognitive component (P3 of the Event-Related Potential (ERP can function as a psychophysiological measure of sexual interest. The aim of this study was to determine if the P3 ERP component in a workload task can be used as a specific and objective measure of sexual motivation by comparing the neurophysiologic response to stimuli of motivational relevance with different levels of valence and arousal. A total of 30 healthy volunteers watched different films clips with erotic, horror, social-positive and social-negative content, while answering an auditory oddball paradigm. Erotic film clips resulted in larger interference when compared to both the social-positive and auditory alone conditions. Horror film clips resulted in the highest levels of interference with smaller P3 amplitudes than erotic and also than social-positive, social-negative and auditory alone condition. No gender differences were found. Both horror and erotic film clips significantly decreased heart rate (HR when compared to both social-positive and social-negative films. The erotic film clips significantly increased the skin conductance level (SCL compared to the social-negative films. The horror film clips significantly increased the SCL compared to both social-positive and social-negative films. Both the highly arousing erotic and non-erotic (horror movies produced the largest decrease in the P3 amplitude, a decrease in the HR and an increase in the SCL. These data support the notion that this workload task is very sensitive to the attentional resources allocated to the film clip, although they do not act as a specific index of sexual interest. Therefore, the use of this methodology seems to be of questionable utility as a specific measure of sexual interest or as an objective measure of the severity of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

  18. ORGANIZACIÓN Y COMPORTAMIENTO ESTRATÉGICO EN LA INDUSTRIA BANCARIA COSTARRICENSE

    OpenAIRE

    Olivier Cruz Méndez; Rodolfo Durán Víquez; Mauricio Mayorga Martínez; Evelyn Muñoz Salas

    2011-01-01

    Los enfoques más recientes en el área de la organización industrial plantean, a grandes rasgos que la conducta de las empresas o bien su comportamiento estratégico, es lo que determina su desempeño y la estructura industrial.El comportamiento estratégico dentro del análisis de la organización industrial en la banca, parte del supuesto de que la conducta de cada uno de los bancos será diferente, y que estas conductas en conjunto definen la estructura industrial, la cual será dinámica.El Banco ...

  19. The Social Marketing Approach: A Way to Increase Reporting and Treatment of Sexual Assault

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boehm, Amnon; Itzhaky, Haya

    2004-01-01

    Objective: Too often communities remain silent in response to cases of sexual assault of children. Members of the community are afraid to report such incidents and victims are reluctant to seek and accept treatment. The purpose of the paper is to examine whether application of a social marketing approach may serve as an effective means for…

  20. An exploration of sexual minority stress across the lines of gender and sexual identity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hequembourg, Amy L; Brallier, Sara A

    2009-01-01

    Despite growing evidence to suggest that gays, lesbians, and bisexuals experience a range of stressors and consequences related to their sexual minority status, no known studies to date have employed focus group discussion to explore and document their perceptions of sexual minority stress. In this exploratory study, we present focus group data on a range of sexual minority stressors as described by 43 gay men, lesbians, and bisexual men and women. We explore gender and sexual identity differences in the respondents' perceptions of heteronormativity, disclosure issues in different social settings, sources of support, and strategies for coping with stress. Respondents reported that women's same-sex relationships were eroticized and distorted to accommodate heterosexual male desire, while men were negatively depicted as sexually promiscuous and deviant. These differing stereotypes held important consequences for disclosure decisions and affected men's and women's social interactions with heterosexual men. Bisexual respondents reported unique strategies to cope with exclusion and isolation associated with misunderstandings about their sexual identities. Directions for future research on sexual minority stress are discussed.

  1. ?You Can?t Just Walk Down the Street and Meet Someone?: The Intersection of Social?Sexual Networking Technology, Stigma, and Health Among Gay and Bisexual Men in the Small City

    OpenAIRE

    White Hughto, Jaclyn M.; Pachankis, John E.; Eldahan, Adam I.; Keene, Danya E.

    2016-01-01

    Social?sexual networking technologies have been reported to yield both psychosocial benefits and sexual risks for gay and bisexual men, yet little research has explored how technology interacts with the social?geographical environment to shape the health of gay and bisexual men in the relatively understudied environment of small cities. This article draws on 29 semistructured interviews examining the use of social?sexual networking technologies among racially diverse gay and bisexual men in t...

  2. Comportamiento de paneles de bambú guadua laminado ante cargas paralelas al plano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Jacobo Pinilla Rodríguez

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Como un primer paso en el estudio del comportamiento ante cargas sísmicas de pórticos de bambú guadua laminados con paneles del mismo material, el Grupo de Investigación “Análisis, Diseño y Materiales, GIES”, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ensayó dos tipos de paneles elaborados con bambú Guadua angustifolia Kunth y poli (vinil acetato, PVA: los paneles tipo 1 de sección transversal maciza y los paneles tipo 2 de sección transversal tipo sándwich.Se consideraron tres alturas para cada tipo de panel y se ensayaron diez réplicas por altura y por tipo, para un total de sesenta ensayos.Para cada uno de los paneles ensayados se realizó una curva carga-desplazamiento. Los paneles tipo 1, con altura de 0,34 m y 0,63 m, mostraron un comportamiento elástico inicial seguido de un comportamiento inelástico, mientras que los paneles tipo 1 y 2 de 0,98 m de altura revelaron un comportamiento casi totalmente elástico hasta la falla. Todos los paneles sufrieron aplastamiento en la base; sin embargo, el principal mecanismo de falla fue el alabeo.

  3. Loci de rasgos binarios que influyen en la expresión del comportamiento higiénico de las abejas melíferas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel E. Arechavaleta-Velasco

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio se realizó para detectar loci de rasgos binarios (BTL que influyen en la expresión del comportamiento higiénico de abejas obreras y para localizar marcadores genéticos asociados a estos BTL en un mapa de ligamiento. Se recolectaron abejas que realizaron el comportamiento higiénico y abejas que no realizaron el comportamiento higiénico de una colonia producto de una retrocruza. Se construyó un mapa genético utilizando marcadores AFLP generados a partir del ADN de las abejas que realizaron el comportamiento higiénico. Se realizó una prueba de bondad de ajuste a cada marcador del mapa para detectar desviaciones en el patrón de segregación esperado (1,1. Los marcadores que presentaron desviaciones significativas del patrón de segregación esperado en las abejas que realizaron el comportamiento higiénico, se generaron en el grupo de abejas que no realizó el comportamiento. Los marcadores que presentaron desviaciones en el patrón de segregación esperado en las abejas que realizaron el comportamiento higiénico pero no en el grupo que no realizó el comportamiento, se sometieron a una prueba de homogeneidad para detectar asociaciones entre el marcador y la expresión del comportamiento higiénico. Doce de los marcadores presentaron desviaciones en el patrón de segregación en las abejas que realizaron el comportamiento (P0.05, y nueve de los marcadores estuvieron asociados a la expresión del comportamiento higiénico (P<0.05. Los nueve marcadores genéticos representan siete BTL que influyen en la expresión del comportamiento higiénico de las abejas.

  4. Social Stigma and Sexual Minorities’ Romantic Relationship Functioning: A Meta-Analytic Review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Doyle, David Matthew; Molix, Lisa

    2015-01-01

    To bolster knowledge of determinants of relationship functioning among sexual minorities, the current meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively review evidence for the association between social stigma and relationship functioning as well as examine potential moderators. Thirty-five studies were identified, including 130 effect sizes (39 independent; N = 10,745). Across studies, evidence was found for a small but significant inverse association between social stigma and relationship functioning. Furthermore, this association was moderated by stigma type (with more deleterious associations for internalized relative to perceived stigma) and dimension of relationship functioning (with more deleterious associations for affective relative to cognitive and negative relative to positive). Evidence for demographic moderators (region, sex, race, age) was generally mixed although important limitations related to unique characteristics of study samples are discussed. We conclude by highlighting the importance of social stigma for relationship functioning and point toward directions for future research and policy action. PMID:26199218

  5. Preliminary Findings on Men's Sexual Self-Schema and Sexual Offending: Differences Between Subtypes of Offenders.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sigre-Leirós, Vera; Carvalho, Joana; Nobre, Pedro

    2016-01-01

    Available literature suggests that sexual self-schemas (i.e., cognitive generalizations about sexual aspects of oneself) influence sexual behavior. Nonetheless, there is a lack of research regarding their role in sexual offending. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the men's sexual self-schema dimensions (passionate-loving, powerful-aggressive, and open-minded-liberal) and different types of sexual-offending behavior. A total of 50 rapists, 65 child molesters (21 pedophilic, 44 nonpedophilic), and 51 nonsexual offenders answered the Men's Sexual Self-Schema Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Socially Desirable Response Set Measure (SDRS-5). Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression, controlling for age, school education, psychological distress, and social desirability. Results showed that rapists as well as nonsexual offenders were more likely to hold the powerful-aggressive sexual self-view compared to pedophilic and nonpedophilic child molesters. Overall, findings seem to be consistent with both a sociocultural component of aggression and the general cognitive profile of offenders. If further research corroborates these preliminary findings, sexual self-concept may be integrated into a comprehensive multifactorial approach of offending behavior.

  6. Comportamiento del consumidor de moda millennial espa??ol y franc??s = Consumer behaviour of Spanish and French millennials towards fashion

    OpenAIRE

    Rico Bautista, Jorge

    2017-01-01

    El siguiente trabajo se centra en el comportamiento del consumidor y m??s concretamente el comportamiento del consumidor de moda millennial espa??ol y franc??s. En la primera parte del presente trabajo se expondr?? el marco te??rico, en el que se definir?? la teor??a del comportamiento del consumidor, el comportamiento de consumidor de moda, las diferentes teor??as llevadas por los m??s destacados investigadores para el an??lisis de la cultura y, por ??ltimo, los millennials. ...

  7. Behavior, knowledge and perception of risks about sexually transmitted diseases in a group of people over 50 years old Comportamiento, conocimiento y percepción de riesgo sobre enfermedades sexualmente transmisibles en un grupo de personas con 50 o más años de edad Comportamento, conhecimento e percepção de risco sobre doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em um grupo de pessoas com 50 anos e mais de idade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Magali Olivi

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available The goal was to analyze the behavior, knowledge and risk perception about sexually transmitted diseases / AIDS (STD/AIDS in people over 50 years old. 165 public servants at a State Secretary in Mato Grosso, Brazil were interviewed. The chi-square test and logistic regression tests were used for the analysis of risk perception and the behavior and knowledge variables about STD/AIDS. Most of the respondents were female (60.6%, 63.2 had a fixed partner, 72.4% had sexual relations in the past six months, and only 13.3% always wore condoms, with 21.5% being male and 8% female. Perception of risk was associated with non-use of condoms in their last sexual relation (pEl objetivo fue analizar aspectos de comportamiento, conocimiento y percepción de riesgo de las ETS/SIDA, en personas con 50 o más años de edad. Se entrevistaron 165 servidores de una Secretaría del estado de Mato Groso, Brasil. Se utilizó una prueba de Chi cuadrado y de regresión logística para analizar la percepción de riesgo y las variables de comportamiento y conocimiento sobre las ETS/SIDA. La mayoría de los entrevistados era del sexo femenino (60,6%; para el comportamiento un 63,2 % tenía pareja fija y un 72,4 % tuvo relación sexual en los últimos 6 meses; apenas el 13,3 % utiliza siempre preservativo, el 21,5 % de los hombres y el 8 % de las mujeres. Se demostró que existe una asociación entre la percepción de riesgo y el uso de preservativo en la última relación sexual (p Objetivou-se analisar o comportamento, conhecimento e percepção de risco às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis/AIDS (DST/AIDS em pessoas com 50 anos e mais de idade. Foram entrevistados 165 servidores de uma secretaria estadual de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado e regressão logística para análise da percepção do risco e variáveis do comportamento e conhecimento sobre DST/AIDS. A maioria dos entrevistados é do sexo feminino (60,6%, 63,2% tem parceiro fixo e 72

  8. Pregnant Teenager Involvement in Sexual Activity and the Social Context

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria José Carvalho Sant'Anna

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Pregnancy during adolescence represents a challenge to society as a whole. Its incidence is increasing and brings about social and medical consequences to both the teen mothers and their children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnant teenager involvement in sexual activity and the social context. The group studied comprised 152 pregnant teenagers attending the Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo (SCSP General Hospital. All information was analyzed. The age at first intercourse was 14.2 years and the average period between first intercourse and pregnancy was 1.4 years. Most pregnancies (75% were neither planned nor wanted, however, most teen mothers (64.3% did not use any contraceptive method. Of the pregnant teenagers, 68.1% came from unstructured families where in 71% of the teen pregnancy cases, there was a role model (mother, sister, or cousin who already experienced teen pregnancy. The average number of school years attended by the analyzed pregnant teenagers was 8.1 years, however, there was a high dropout rate of 40.1%. The age at first intercourse was low and concurs with the high incidence of unstructured families. The average number of school years attended was high, which would theoretically reflect a greater knowledge with regard to human reproduction, pointing to the multicausality of teen pregnancy and the role played by the family. Conclusions: We confirmed that teen pregnancy presents multicausal etiology; sexual initiation of pregnant teenagers was quite early with high dropout rates, which indicated that prevention methodology should be based on early detection of risk factors for elaboration of appropriate prevention proposals.

  9. Relación actitudes-conocimientos sobre diversidad sexual en una muestra universitaria colombiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Freddy Franco-Morales

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo de investigación se interesa en las relaciones entre las actitudes del futuro personal docente hacia la homosexualidad y la bisexualidad, y sus conocimientos sobre roles sexuales, comportamientos sexuales y realidades de jóvenes homosexuales y bisexuales. Una muestra de 114 estudiantes universitarios en educación respondió un cuestionario para identificar sus conocimientos y actitudes. Los resultados de los análisis descriptivos evidencian que la muestra tiene poco conocimiento sobre los temas evaluados y una actitud “ni positiva ni negativa” hacia la homosexualidad y la bisexualidad. Además, los resultados de los análisis de correlación establecen una relación positiva entre las actitudes y los conocimientos aquí tratados.

  10. Current approach to sexual disfunctions in women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdulkadir Tepeler

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Even though sexual problems and sexual dysfunction are commonly observed in the society, a significant majority of the problems are not reported to the doctors, and due to this fact, remain unaddressed. In our country, the studies about sexual dysfunction are limited in number but in recent years there has been an increase in these studies. The ratio of sexual dysfunction is higher in women than the ratio in men (43%; 31%. However, there are few treatment modality about women sexual dysfunction. Most commonly observed sexual dysfunctions in women are loss of sexual interest/desire, sexual arousal dysfunctions, orgasm dysfunctions, dyspareunia, vaginismus and sexual anxiety. In DSM-IV-TR, sexual dysfunction is treated by taking stress and interfamily relation problems into consideration. According to WHO’s definition, sexual health refers the combination of physical, emotional, intellectual and social sexual existense with the techniques that would increase personality communication and love. Sexual problems damage this combination, and cause pyschological and social problems. J Clin Exp Invest 2010; 1(3: 235-240

  11. Impact of psychiatric and social characteristics on HIV sexual risk behavior in Puerto Rican women with severe mental illness.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heaphy, Emily Lenore Goldman; Loue, Sana; Sajatovic, Martha; Tisch, Daniel J

    2010-11-01

    Latinos in the United States have been identified as a high-risk group for depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. HIV/AIDS has disproportionately impacted Latinos. Review findings suggest that HIV-risk behaviors among persons with severe mental illness (SMI) are influenced by a multitude of factors including psychiatric illness, cognitive-behavioral factors, substance use, childhood abuse, and social relationships. To examine the impact of psychiatric and social correlates of HIV sexual risk behavior in Puerto Rican women with SMI. Data collected longitudinally (from 2002 to 2005) in semi-structured interviews and from non-continuous participant observation was analyzed using a cross-sectional design. Bivariate associations between predictor variables and sexual risk behaviors were examined using binary and ordinal logistic regression. Linear regression was used to examine the association between significant predictor variables and the total number of risk behaviors the women engaged in during the 6 months prior to baseline. Just over one-third (35.9%) of the study population (N = 53) was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and GAF scores ranged from 30 to 80 with a median score of 60. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 50 years (M = 32.6 ± 8.7), three-fourths reported a history of either sexual or physical abuse or of both in childhood, and one-fourth had abused substances in their lifetimes. Bivariate analyses indicated that psychiatric and social factors were differentially associated with sexual risk behaviors. Multivariate linear regression models showed that suffering from increased severity of psychiatric symptoms and factors and living below the poverty line are predictive of engagement in a greater number of HIV sexual risk behaviors. Puerto Rican women with SMI are at high risk for HIV infection and are in need of targeted sexual risk reduction interventions that simultaneously address substance abuse prevention and treatment, childhood abuse, and the

  12. Think, ! responsible sexuality !

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mayelín Bosque Cruz

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available This article is aimed at supporting the social health worker 's job to motivate teenagers and young people to learn easily about differe nt topics concerning sexuality by increasing the information they already have, and by stating how dangerous an irresponsible sexual behaviour can be, thus reinforcing the value of responsibility. The software “Sexualidad Responsable” provides informatio n on sexual education taking into account the following subject matters: Couple Relationship, Adolescent Pregnancy, Methods of Contraception, Sexually Transmitted Infections (HIV/AIDS, Moral Value Acquisition, Family Role, Violence and its expressions, D eviation and Sexual Preferences, among others. It also has didactic games, a gallery with pictures, videos and curiosities.There is a glossary of scientific terms included and the software’s tutorial section that orients us how to use them. In the software the health workers will find a very useful and supporting tool to work out the theme Sexuality with teenagers and young people, this software will foster the creation of scientific societies and supporting groups. The social health workers can also sear ch information on the topics, learn and then debate them among the members of different dysfunctional families or even in their own families if necessary.

  13. Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse within the Family System: Guidelines for an Educational Social Group Work Program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Masilo, Daniel Tuelo

    2018-02-28

    Children have the right to be brought up in safe environments. However, this right is often infringed by people who are supposed to provide love, care, and protection to children. These people can include biological fathers, step-fathers, brothers, cousins, aunts, mothers, and uncles. Violation of children takes place in a variety of ways, however, for the purpose of this paper, the focus is on child sexual abuse within the family system. A literature review is adopted as the methodology for the discussions in this paper. The purpose of this paper is firstly to demonstrate that child sexual abuse happens within the family system in South Africa, and secondly, to argue that the prevention of child sexual abuse should start within the family system and this can be achieved by conducting educational social group work sessions on child sexual abuse with the family members.

  14. Sexual orientation- and race-based discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior among urban MSM.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frye, Victoria; Nandi, Vijay; Egan, James; Cerda, Magdalena; Greene, Emily; Van Tieu, Hong; Ompad, Danielle C; Hoover, Donald R; Lucy, Debbie; Baez, Eduardo; Koblin, Beryl A

    2015-02-01

    Understanding what social factors are associated with risk of HIV acquisition and transmission among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is a critical public health goal. Experiencing discrimination may increase risk of HIV infection among MSM. This analysis assessed relations between experiences of sexual orientation- and race-based discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior among MSM in New York City. 1,369 MSM completed a self-administered computerized assessment of past 3-month sexual behavior, experience of social discrimination and other covariates. Regression models assessed relations between recent experience of discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior. Mean age was 32 years; 32 % were white; 32 % Latino/Hispanic; 25 % African American/Black. Of MSM who self-reported HIV-positive or unknown status (377), 7 % (N = 27) reported having unprotected insertive anal intercourse with an HIV-negative or unknown status partner ("HIV transmission risk"). Of MSM who self-reported HIV-negative status (992), 11 % (110) reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse with an HIV-positive or unknown status partner ("HIV acquisition risk"). HIV acquisition risk was positively associated with sexual orientation-based discrimination in home or social neighborhoods, but not race-based discrimination. We observed that sexual orientation-based discrimination was associated with sexual HIV risk behavior among urban-dwelling MSM. Addressing environmental sources of this form of discrimination, as well as the psychological distress that may result, should be prioritized in HIV prevention efforts.

  15. Sexual Orientation- and Race-Based Discrimination and Sexual HIV Risk Behavior Among Urban MSM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frye, Victoria; Nandi, Vijay; Egan, James; Cerda, Magdalena; Greene, Emily; Van Tieu, Hong; Ompad, Danielle C.; Hoover, Donald R.; Lucy, Debbie; Baez, Eduardo; Koblin, Beryl A.

    2014-01-01

    Understanding what social factors are associated with risk of HIV acquisition and transmission among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is a critical public health goal. Experiencing discrimination may increase risk of HIV infection among MSM. This analysis assessed relations between experiences of sexual orientation- and race-based discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior among MSM in New York City. 1,369 MSM completed a self-administered computerized assessment of past 3-month sexual behavior, experience of social discrimination and other covariates. Regression models assessed relations between recent experience of discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior. Mean age was 32 years; 32 % were white; 32 % Latino/Hispanic; 25 % African American/Black. Of MSM who self-reported HIV-positive or unknown status (377), 7 % (N = 27) reported having unprotected insertive anal intercourse with an HIV-negative or unknown status partner (“HIV transmission risk”). Of MSM who self-reported HIV-negative status (992), 11 % (110) reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse with an HIV-positive or unknown status partner (“HIV acquisition risk”). HIV acquisition risk was positively associated with sexual orientation-based discrimination in home or social neighborhoods, but not race-based discrimination. We observed that sexual orientation-based discrimination was associated with sexual HIV risk behavior among urban-dwelling MSM. Addressing environmental sources of this form of discrimination, as well as the psychological distress that may result, should be prioritized in HIV prevention efforts. PMID:25381561

  16. Sexual Dimorphisms of Appendicular Musculoskeletal Morphology Related to Social Display in Cuban Anolis Lizards.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anzai, Wataru; Cádiz, Antonio; Endo, Hideki

    2015-10-01

    In Anolis lizards, sexual dimorphism has been reported in morphological and ecological traits. Males show larger body size and longer limbs related to territorial combat and courtship display with the dewlap. Although functional-anatomical traits are closely related to locomotor behaviors, differences between sexes in musculoskeletal traits on limbs remain unclear. We explored the relationships among sexual dimorphisms in musculoskeletal morphology, habitat, and locomotor traits in Anolis lizards. Specifically, we examined appendicular musculoskeletal morphology in three species of Cuban Anolis by measuring muscle mass and lengths of moment arms. Through comparisons of crossing locomotion, we found that the runner species possessed larger extensors in hindlimbs, which are advantageous for running, whereas the masses of the humeral and femoral retractors were larger in climber species, allowing these lizards to hold up their bodies and occupy tree substrates. Comparisons between the sexes showed different trends among the three species. Males of A. porcatus, which inhabit narrow branches or leaves, had stronger elbow extensors that maintain the display posture. In contrast, males of A. sagrei, which occupy broad surfaces, did not show sexual differences that affected social display. Moreover, A. bartschi indicated sexual differences despite the absence of dewlapping behavior. Our findings suggest that both sexes show fundamentally similar relationships between muscular morphology and locomotor habits to adapt arboreal or terrestrial substrates, and yet sexual dimorphism in forelimb muscles may additionally affected by male specific display with the dewlap.

  17. El CSTM: un instrumento para la evaluación del comportamiento sexual de personas transexuales

    OpenAIRE

    Bergero, Trinidad; Ballester Arnal, Rafael; Gornemann, Isolde; Cano, Guadalupe; Asiain, Susana

    2012-01-01

    Se presenta un instrumento, el CSTM, compuesto por 73 items que permite una evaluación cualitativa y cuantitativa de la sexualidad de las personas transexuales. The CSTM contains a total of 73 items and permits a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of transsexuals’ sexuality.

  18. Conducta de riesgo y las infecciones de transmisión sexual de las mujeres en edad fértil de Centro de Salud La Esperanza del Distrito Alto de Alianza, año 2010

    OpenAIRE

    Malca Herrera, Evelyn Lissely

    2011-01-01

    Ante situaciones que ponen en peligro la salud humana en este nuevo milenio así como la diseminación de las infecciones de transmisión sexual ITS que dependen del comportamiento y actitudes sexuales, la disponibilidad de servicios para el diagnóstico e identificación de los contactos y tratamiento precoz de las ITS reduce las complicaciones, secuelas y morbilidad en las mujeres en edad fértil; es que se formuló la tesis titulada: Conductas de riesgo e infecciones de transmisión sexual d...

  19. Sport and male sexuality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sgrò, P; Di Luigi, L

    2017-09-01

    The relationships between sport and sexuality in males are of great social and clinical interest, because of sports and motor activities that highly promote social and sexual relationships. Even if few literature exist, two main questions should be taken into account: whether and how physical exercise and sport positively or negatively influence sexual health and behavior and/or whether and how sexual behavior may affect a sub-sequent sport performance. Physical exercise and sport per se can influence, positively or negatively, the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function and, consequently, the individual's reproductive and/or sexual health. This depends on individual factors such as genetic and epigenetic ones and on different variables involved in the practice of sport activities (type of sport, intensity and duration of training, doping and drug use and abuse, nutrition, supplements, psychological stress, allostatic load, etc.). If well conducted, motor and sport activities could have beneficial effects on sexual health in males. Among different lifestyle changes, influencing sexual health, regular physical activity is fundamental to antagonize the onset of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, competitive sport can lead both reproductive and/or sexual tract damages and dysfunctions, transient (genital pain, hypoesthesia of the genitalia, hypogonadism, DE, altered sexual drive, etc.) or permanent (hypogonadism, DE, etc.), by acting directly (traumas of the external genitalia, saddle-related disorders in cyclists, etc.) or indirectly (exercise-related hypogonadism, drug abuse, doping, stress, etc.). Sexual activities shortly performed before a sport competition could differently influence sport performance. Due to the few existing data, it is advisable to avoid an absolute pre-competition sexual abstinence.

  20. Social, intimate and sexual relationships of adolescents with cerebral palsy compared with able-bodied age-mates

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wiegerink, D.J.H.G.; Roebroeck, M.E.; Donkervoort, M.; Cohen-Kettenis, P.T.; Stam, H.J.

    2008-01-01

    Objective: To describe the social, intimate and sexual relationships of Dutch adolescents with cerebral palsy compared with their able-bodied age mates. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 103 adolescents with cerebral palsy without severe learning problems aged 16-20 years. Methods:

  1. Competing Meanings of Childhood and the Social Construction of Child Sexual Abuse in the Caribbean

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pasura, Dominic; Jones, Adele D.; Hafner, James A. H.; Maharaj, Priya E.; Nathaniel-DeCaires, Karene; Johnson, Emmanuel Janagan

    2013-01-01

    This article examines the dynamic interplay between competing meanings of childhood and the social construction of sexual abuse in the Caribbean. Drawing on qualitative data from a study undertaken in six Caribbean countries, the article suggests that Caribbean childhoods are neither wholly global nor local but hybrid creations of the region's…

  2. Female gratification, sexual power and safer sex: female sexuality as an empowering resource among women in Rwanda.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Skafte, Ina; Silberschmidt, Margrethe

    2014-01-01

    The gender-based response to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa has tended to reinforce normative stereotypes of women as subordinated, passive and powerless victims, in particular in sexual relations. However, based on qualitative data from Rwanda, this paper argues that such conceptualisations fail to recognise that while women do comply with prevalent social norms, they also challenge these norms and sex becomes a domain in which they can exert power. Female sexuality and sexual gratification - acknowledged and valued by women as well as men - play a pivotal role in the Rwandese mode of sexual intercourse. This provides women a central position in sexual relations, which affords them sexual power. Recognising their sexuality as a resource and drawing upon this 'sexual capital', women are active social agents who have the capacity to manipulate and challenge male dominance in a deliberate strategy both to practice safer sex and to access decision-making power and material resources. This suggests that inherent in sexual relations is a potential for the empowerment of women and the transformation of gender relations.

  3. Interrupciones de embarazo en adolescentes. Problemática social y humanística Abortion in adolescence, a social and humanistic problem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Fonseca León

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal para evaluar el comportamiento del aborto en adolescentes y su significado como problema social y humanístico en el Hospital Materno Infantil Ana Betancourt de Mora de la ciudad de Camagüey desde el 2001 al 2008. De un universo constituido por 31 876 interrupciones de embarazos, 9 952 fueron en adolescentes las cuales representan el 31,2 por ciento constituyendo la muestra del estudio. La edad de la primera relación sexual fue entre los 14 y 17 años. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la infección vaginal en 6 478 casos. El olvido y el exceso de confianza los motivos para no usar métodos anticonceptivos en 5 639 jóvenes. Las complicaciones más usuales fueron la endometritis y los restos ovulares con 265 y 73 respectivamente. Las fuentes de educación sexual suelen ser los padres, amigos y los programas escolares. La prevención del aborto en la adolescencia constituye un pilar importante en la disminución de sus complicaciones como problema social y biológico.We carried out a cross-sectional, analytic, observational study to assess abortion behavior in adolescents and its significance as a social and humanistic problem at Camagüey’s Ana Betancourt de Mora Maternal Hospital from 2001 to 2008. Out of a universe comprised by 31 876 abortions, we selected a sample of 9 952 cases of adolescents having firstly experienced sex at ages 14 to 17, representing 31, 2 percent. Vaginitis was the most frequent risk factor with 6 478 cases. Oversight and overconfidence motivated lack of contraception use in 5 639 cases. Endometritis and ovular remnants were the most common complications with 265 and 73, respectively. Usually, parents, friends, and school programs are the sources of sex education. Prevention is an important pillar to reduce social and biological complications.

  4. Multifaceted Sexual Desire and Hormonal Associations: Accounting for Social Location, Relationship Status, and Desire Target.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chadwick, Sara B; Burke, Shannon M; Goldey, Katherine L; van Anders, Sari M

    2017-11-01

    Sexual desire is typically measured as a unitary erotic phenomenon and is often assumed by biological and biomedical researchers, as well as the lay public, to be directly connected to physiological parameters like testosterone (T). In the present study, we empirically examined how conceptualizing sexual desire as multifaceted might clarify associations with T and contextual variables. To do so, we used the Sexual Desire Questionnaire (DESQ), which assesses multifaceted dyadic sexual desire, to explore how contextual variables such as social location, relationship status, and desire target (e.g., partner vs. stranger) might be meaningful for reports of sexual desire and associated hormonal correlations. We focused on women (N = 198), because sexual desire and testosterone are generally unlinked in healthy men. Participants imagined a partner or stranger while answering the 65 DESQ items and provided a saliva sample for hormone assay. Analyses showed that the DESQ factored differently for the current sample than in previous research, highlighting how sexual desire can be constructed differently across different populations. We also found that, for the Intimacy, Eroticism, and Partner Focus factors, mean scores were higher when the desire target was a partner relative to a stranger for participants in a relationship, but equally high between partner versus stranger target for single participants. DESQ items resolved into meaningful hormonal desire components, such that high endorsement of Fantasy Experience was linked to higher T, and higher cortisol was linked with lower endorsement of the Intimacy factor. We argue that conceptualizing desire as multifaceted and contextualized when assessing hormonal links-or questions in general about desire-can clarify some of its complexities and lead to new research avenues.

  5. Comunicación familiar y comportamientos delictivos en adolescentes españoles: el doble rol mediador de la autoestima

    OpenAIRE

    Teresa I. Jiménez; Sergio Murgui; Estefanía Estévez; Gonzalo Musitu

    2007-01-01

    El presente estudio analiza las relaciones entre la comunicación familiar (comunicación abierta o problemática), la autoestima considerada desde una perspectiva multidimensional (autoestima familiar, escolar, social y física) y los comportamientos delictivos en adolescentes. Se utilizan dos muestras independientes: la primera está constituida por 414 chicas y chicos de 12 a 17 años y la segunda por 625 chicas y chicos de 11 a 20 años. Se observa, en las dos muestras, una influe...

  6. Social interaction anxiety and personality traits predicting engagement in health risk sexual behaviors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rahm-Knigge, Ryan L; Prince, Mark A; Conner, Bradley T

    2018-06-01

    Individuals with social interaction anxiety, a facet of social anxiety disorder, withdraw from or avoid social encounters and generally avoid risks. However, a subset engages in health risk sexual behavior (HRSB). Because sensation seeking, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity predict engagement in HRSB among adolescents and young adults, the present study hypothesized that latent classes of social interaction anxiety and these personality traits would differentially predict likelihood of engagement in HRSB. Finite mixture modeling was used to discern four classes: two low social interaction anxiety classes distinguished by facets of emotion dysregulation, positive urgency, and negative urgency (Low SIAS High Urgency and Low SIAS Low Urgency) and two high social interaction anxiety classes distinguished by positive urgency, negative urgency, risk seeking, and facets of emotion dysregulation (High SIAS High Urgency and High SIAS Low Urgency). HRSB were entered into the model as auxiliary distal outcomes. Of importance to this study were findings that the High SIAS High Urgency class was more likely to engage in most identified HRSB than the High SIAS Low Urgency class. This study extends previous findings on the heterogeneity of social interaction anxiety by identifying the effects of social interaction anxiety and personality on engagement in HRSB. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Sexual overperception: power, mating motives, and biases in social judgment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kunstman, Jonathan W; Maner, Jon K

    2011-02-01

    Results from 4 experiments suggest that power motivates heightened perceptions and expectations of sexual interest from subordinates. Having power over a member of the opposite sex activated sexual concepts that persisted across a temporal delay, indicating the activation of a mating goal (Study 1). Having power increased participants' expectations of sexual interest from a subordinate (Study 2) but only when a mating goal was attainable (i.e., when the subordinate was romantically available; Study 3). In a face-to-face interaction between 2 participants, power heightened perceptions of sexual interest and sexualized behavior among participants with chronically active mating goals (i.e., sexually unrestricted individuals; Study 4). Tests of mediation demonstrated that sexual overperception mediated power's effect on sexually tinged behavior. Through its capacity to induce goal pursuit, power can activate mating goals that sexualize interactions between men and women. This research demonstrates one route through which power might lead to sexual harassment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

  8. The effects of sexism, psychological distress, and difficult sexual situations on U.S. women's sexual risk behaviors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Kyung-Hee; Bowleg, Lisa; Neilands, Torsten B

    2011-10-01

    Women represent almost half of the people living with HIV worldwide. Although social discrimination has been recognized as a major obstacle to HIV prevention, few empirical studies have examined the effects of sexism on women's HIV sexual risk behaviors. We analyzed data collected from an ethnically diverse sample of 754 women attending family planning clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area. A majority of respondents reported lifetime experiences of sexism (e.g., 94% reported sexual harassment). Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that experiences of sexism and reports of recent unprotected sex with a primary or a secondary sexual partner were linked through psychological distress and difficult sexual situations. Our results suggest the need to develop HIV prevention strategies for women that address two mechanisms-psychological distress and difficult sexual situations-that link social discrimination to women's sexual risk for HIV.

  9. Representaciones sociales de universitarios sobre la abstinencia sexual y los condones como mecanismos de prevención

    OpenAIRE

    Estupiñán-Aponte, Maria Rosa; Amaya-Estupiñán, Laura; Rojas-Jiménez, Yuri A.

    2013-01-01

    Objetivo Interpretar las representaciones sociales de estudiantes de la Universi­dad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Seccional Sogamoso, frente al uso de la abstinencia sexual y el condón, como referentes estratégicos en la preven­ción de enfermedades de transmisión sexual y embarazo no deseado. Método Mediante muestreo intencional, participaron 67 estudiantes universitarios, entre los 16 y 31 años de edad, procedentes de diferentes regiones del departa­mento de Boyacá. Para la recolecc...

  10. Online social support as a buffer against online and offline peer and sexual victimization among U.S. LGBT and non-LGBT youth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ybarra, Michele L; Mitchell, Kimberly J; Palmer, Neal A; Reisner, Sari L

    2015-01-01

    In today's technology-infused world, we need to better understand relationships youth form with friends online, how they compare to relationships formed in-person, and whether these online relationships confer protective benefits. This is particularly important from the perspective of peer victimization, given that social support in-person appears to reduce the odds of victimization in-person. To address this literature gap, data from a sample of 5,542 U.S. adolescents, collected online between August 2010 and January 2011, were analyzed. The main variables of interest were: online and in-person peer victimization (including generalized and bullying forms) and online and in-person sexual victimization (including generalized and sexual harassment forms). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth were more likely than non-LGBT youth to have online friends and to appraise these friends as better than their in-person friends at providing emotional support. Peer victimization and unwanted sexual experiences were more commonly reported by LGBT than non-LGBT youth. Perceived quality of social support, either online or in-person, did little to attenuate the relative odds of victimization for LGBT youth. For all youth, in-person social support was associated with reduced odds of bully victimization (online and in-person) and sexual harassment (in-person), but was unrelated to the other outcomes of interest. Online social support did not reduce the odds of any type of victimization assessed. Together, these findings suggest that online friends can be an important source of social support, particularly for LGBT youth. Nonetheless, in-person social support appears to be more protective against victimization, suggesting that one is not a replacement for the other. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Género e iniciación sexual en México. Detección de diversos patrones por grupos sociales.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga Rojas

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La reciente investigación antropológica y sociodemográfica sobre los significados de la sexualidad entre la población mexicana reporta la existencia de un patrón de iniciación sexual diferenciado para hombres y mujeres marcado por el género. Por lo general para los varones la primera relación sexual tiene un carácter ritual, y es llevada a cabo bajo la presión del grupo de pares, ante el cual los jóvenes deben dar prueba de su identidad masculina. En contraste, las mujeres deben mantener una actitud de recato y preservar su virginidad hasta el matrimonio. La iniciación sexual femenina, a diferencia de la masculina, por lo general implica el establecimiento de vínculos emocionales así como el inicio de la inda conyugal y reproductiva. Teniendo en cuenta estos hallazgos, exploramos los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Reproductiva (Ensar de 2003 para comparar, desde una perspectiva de género, las experiencias de hombres y mujeres de distintas generaciones y grupos sociales. Intentamos detectar los cambios en el tiempo e identificar diversos patrones de iniciación sexual por grupos sociales.

  12. HIV risk perception, risk behavior, and seroprevalence among female commercial sex workers in Georgetown, Guyana Percepción del riesgo, comportamiento de riesgo y seroprevalencia de VIH en trabajadoras sexuales de Georgetown, Guyana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keith H. Carter

    1997-06-01

    . Overall, the findings supported the view that interventions targeted at female sex workers and their clients should be strengthened--more specifically, that concerted efforts should be made to intensify condom promotion, distribution, and social marketing; to improve STD services that provide treatment and counseling for female sex workers; and to increase educational activities among the workers' Guyanese clients.En abril de 1993 se llevó a cabo un estudio de 108 trabajadoras sexuales que ejercían la prostitución en Georgetown, Guyana. En el estudio se investigaron, mediante entrevistas y exámenes de sangre, las relaciones entre seroprevalencia de VIH y conocimientos sobre el sida, comportamientos riesgosos, características de los clientes y uso de condones. Las trabajadoras sexuales callejeras --en contraste con las que trabajaban en bares, hoteles y en Port Georgetown-- por lo general cobraban menos, estaban en peor situación económica y tenían clientes en circunstancias similares. Por lo tanto, se clasificaron como pertenecientes a un estrato socioeconómico más "bajo", mientras que las otras trabajadoras se clasificaron como de estrato más "alto". En todo el grupo de trabajadoras sexuales se encontró una seroprevalencia general de 25% (95%IC: 17%-33%. Las 50 mujeres clasificadas como de estrato bajo tenían una seroprevalencia relativamente alta (42%, comparada con 10% en el estrato alto, y a ese subgrupo pertenecían 21 de las 27 seropositivas a VIH. Según la información dada por las participantes, también se relacionaban con esos estratos el origen de los clientes (guyaneses o extranjeros, el consentimiento a tener relaciones sin condón y el uso de condón por los clientes. Las participantes de estrato alto consentían más a menudo a tener sexo sin condón. Las mujeres de ambos estratos tenían pocos conocimientos acerca de la causa del sida y la transmisión de VIH y un número importante de las trabajadoras declaró haber contraído alguna

  13. Revisión de ideación, comportamiento suicida y medidas de evaluación psicológicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giselle Pianowski

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo una revisión en la base ScienceDirect de la literatura sobre ideación, comportamiento y medidas de evaluación del suicidio en los últimos años. Utilizamos las palabras suicide, ideation y scale, y para procesamiento, suicidal ideation, suicide ideation y rating scale, excluyendo estudios que no presentaban el suicidio como enfoque y no utilizaban medidas de evaluación, restringiéndose a 176 artículos. Los resultados revelaron una muestra preferentemente femenina, con edad económicamente activa y varios niveles de escolaridad. Sobre los objetivos, hubo prevalencia del enfoque del constructo y su relación con otras variables, resaltándose depresión, dolor crónico, desesperanza, pensamiento rumiante e histórico traumático, además del uso de substancias, apoyo familiar y social, condiciones socioeconómicas, sexualidad y otros. Se identificaron la Suicide Probability Scale, la Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, y la Beck Depression Inventory Item, como medidas prioritarias en la evaluación de la ideación y/o comportamiento suicida.

  14. Social Media in the Sexual Lives of African American and Latino Youth: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Neighborhood

    OpenAIRE

    Stevens, Robin; Dunaev, Jamie; Malven, Ellen; Bleakley, Amy; Hull, Shawnika

    2016-01-01

    There has been significant interest in the role of social media in the lives of adolescents, particularly as it relates to sexual risk. Researchers have focused on understanding usage behaviors, quantifying effects of social media exposure and activity, and using social media to intervene. Much of this work has focused on college students and non-minority youth. In this paper, we examine the growing body of literature around social media use among US minority youth and its intersection with s...

  15. Buffer or Brake? The Role of Sexuality-Specific Parenting in Adolescents' Sexualized Media Consumption and Sexual Development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Overbeek, Geertjan; van de Bongardt, Daphne; Baams, Laura

    2018-03-13

    One main source of sexual socialization lies within family interactions. Especially sexuality-specific parenting may determine adolescents' sexual development-adolescents' sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior, sexualized media consumption and permissive sexual attitudes-to a significant extent, but different ideas exist about how this works. In this longitudinal study, we examined two hypotheses on how sexuality-specific parenting-parenting aimed specifically at children's sexual attitudes and behaviors-relates to adolescents' sexual development. A first buffer hypothesis states that parents' instructive media discussions with their children-called instructive mediation-buffers the effect of sexualized media consumption on adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavior and, vice versa, the effect of adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavior on sexualized media consumption. A second brake hypothesis states that parents, by communicating love-and-respect oriented sexual norms, slow down adolescents' development toward increased sexualized media use, permissive sexual attitudes, and sexual behavior and sexual risk behavior. Using four-wave longitudinal data from 514 Dutch adolescents aged 13-16 years (49.8% female), we found evidence to support a brake effect. More frequent parental communication of love-and-respect oriented sexual norms was associated with less permissive sexual attitudes and, for boys, with less advanced sexual behavior and a less rapid increase in sexual risk behavior. Parents' instructive mediation regarding adolescents' sexualized media consumption was associated with less permissive sexual attitudes at baseline, but only for girls. No systematic evidence emerged for a buffer effect of parents' instructive mediation. In conclusion, although our data seem to suggest that parent-child communication about sex is oftentimes "after the fact", we also find that more directive parental communication that conveys love-and-respect oriented sexual norms

  16. The Relationship Between Online Social Network Use, Sexual Risk Behaviors, and HIV Sero-Status Among a Sample of Predominately African American and Latino Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) Social Media Users.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiu, ChingChe J; Young, Sean D

    2015-06-01

    Social networking technologies have emerged as potential platforms to reach HIV(+) MSM in HIV interventions. This study sought to compare use of online social networking sites (SNSs) and sexual risk behaviors between HIV(+) and HIV(-) individuals among a sample of predominately African American and Latino SNS-using MSM. A total of 112 MSM Facebook users were recruited online and offline and completed an online survey. We performed regression models to assess the association between HIV status, SNS use, and sexual risk behaviors. After adjusting for age, race, and employment status, being HIV positive was significantly associated with a greater number of sexual partners (ARR = 2.84, p = 0.0017) and lower comfort levels of discussing HIV/STI status on SNSs (AOR: 0.23, p = 0.011). Findings suggest that HIV status is associated with sexual risk behaviors and SNS use among SNS-using MSM. We discuss the implications for online HIV prevention.

  17. Impact of Physical, Psychological, and Sexual Violence on Social Adjustment of School Children in India

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deb, Sibnath; Walsh, Kerryann

    2012-01-01

    This study sought to understand the pervasiveness and impact of physical, psychological, and sexual violence on the social adjustment of Grade 8 and 9 school children in the state of Tripura, India. The study participants, 160 boys and 160 girls, were randomly selected from classes in eight English and Bengali medium schools in Agartala city,…

  18. Strengthening Social Ties to Increase Confidence and Self-Esteem Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romijnders, Kim A; Wilkerson, J Michael; Crutzen, Rik; Kok, Gerjo; Bauldry, Jessica; Lawler, Sylvia M

    2017-05-01

    Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth too often live in nonsupportive environments. This study reports the influence of social support from primary and secondary social ties on confidence and self-esteem among participants in Hatch Youth, a drop-in group-level intervention for SGM youth. Each 3-hour Hatch Youth meeting consists of a social, educational, and youth-led support hour. Over 14 weeks, these meetings were randomly observed and individual interviews with participating youth ( n = 12) and staff and volunteers ( n = 12) were conducted; data underwent a content analysis. Participants perceived an increase in confidence and self-esteem through enhanced bonding with family and friends, a sense of belonging, and community empowerment because of their involvement with Hatch Youth, suggesting drop-in centers can strengthen secondary social ties and improve confidence and self-esteem.

  19. Actitudes y comportamientos ambientales en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública del norte del Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Rivera-Jacinto

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo para determinar actitudes y comportamientos relacionados con salud ambiental en 143 estudiantes universitarios de enfermería. Se emplearon cuestionarios elaborados en base a escalas validadas tipo Likert de actitudes y de comportamientos ambientales, con 8 y 12 ítems respectivamente. Las actitudes positivas más importantes se relacionaron con aquellas en que se afecta la salud y los comportamientos más frecuentes con el uso adecuado del agua y energía; hubo una débil correlación entre actitudes y comportamiento ambientales (rs=0,30. De acuerdo con las escalas empleadas, los participantes tienen una actitud ambiental positiva que no se refleja en sus comportamientos lo cual puede influir de manera negativa en sus próximas actividades como promotores de la salud ambiental.

  20. Factores psicosociales y culturales en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual Psychosocial and cultural factors in the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Gogna

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo trata de las dimensiones psicosociales y culturales de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Sobre la base de resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada entre hombres y mujeres de sectores populares (jóvenes y adultos en el Gran Buenos Aires, la autora discute cómo las nociones legas acerca de las ETS (sus síntomas, vías de transmisión, consecuencias y las normas culturales sobre el comportamiento sexual y las relaciones de género afectan la habilidad de las personas para considerarse en riesgo y/o adoptar conductas de prevención. También se discuten las implicancias de estos hallazgos en términos de estrategias apropiadas para promover conductas de cuidado de la salud sexual y reproductiva.The article deals with the psychosocial and cultural dimensions of sexually transmitted diseases. Based on results from a qualitative study with lower-class males and females (young and adult from a neighbourhood in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, the author discusses how lay beliefs (about symptoms, transmission, consequences and norms regarding sexual matters and gender relations affect people's ability to consider themselves at risk and/or adopt preventive behaviors. Implications of research results for the design of culturally appropriate strategies to promote sexual and reproductive health are also provided.

  1. Help, I Am Losing Control! Examining the Reporting of Sexual Harassment by Adolescents to Social Networking Sites.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Royen, Kathleen; Poels, Karolien; Vandebosch, Heidi

    2016-01-01

    Sexual harassment is often encountered by adolescents on social networking sites (SNS). One option to cope with a situation of harassment on SNS is to alarm the provider by reporting the transgressive content. It is yet unclear what the determinants of reporting a sexual harassment situation on SNS are, as well as the subsequent actions to these reports from the part of the SNS provider. In this article, we seek to address these gaps, and in particular examine whether control-by-the-self over the situation and negative emotions play a role in the reporting of sexual harassment on SNS. Findings indicate that a low situational control-by-the-self, indirectly (namely through a higher experience of negative emotions such as anger and shame) increases the reporting of sexual harassment by the victim. Public visibility of the incident and the impossibility to remove the content reduce the situational control-by-the-self. Results further suggest that SNS providers often ignore reported situations of sexual harassment. The study concludes with suggestions for responses to reported harassment on SNS, which should be directed toward increasing behavioral control and thereby alleviating negative emotions.

  2. Relationships among sexual self-concept and sexual risk cognition toward sexual self-efficacy in adolescents: cause-and-effect model testing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hsu, Hsiu-Yueh; Yu, Hsing-Yi; Lou, Jiunn-Horng; Eng, Cheng-Joo

    2015-04-01

    Sexual self-efficacy plays an important role in adolescents' sexual health. The aim of this study was to test a cause-and-effect model of sexual self-concept and sexual risk cognition toward sexual self-efficacy in adolescents. The study was a cross-sectional survey. Using a random sampling method, a total of 713 junior nursing students were invited to participate in the study, and 465 valid surveys were returned, resulting in a return rate of 65.2%. The data was collected using an anonymous mailed questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships among sexual self-concept, sexual risk cognition, and sexual self-efficacy, as well as the mediating role of sexual risk cognition. The results revealed that the postulated model fits the data well. Sexual self-concept significantly predicted sexual risk cognition and sexual self-efficacy. Sexual risk cognition significantly predicted sexual self-efficacy and had a mediating effect on the relationship between sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy. Based on social cognitive theory and a structural equation model technique, this study confirmed the mediating role of sexual risk cognition in the relationship between sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy. Also, sexual self-concept's direct and indirect effects explaining adolescents' sexual self-efficacy were found in this study. © 2014 The Authors. Japan Journal of Nursing Science © 2014 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.

  3. Urban Adolescents and Sexual Risk Taking

    OpenAIRE

    Hiršl-Hećej, V.; Štulhofer, A.

    2001-01-01

    The paper analyzes socio-cultural and psychosocial factors affecting sexual activities and related risk-taking behaviors in Croatian high-school students. It attempts to determine the correlates of sexual activity, early sexual initiation, the number of sexual partners, and the use of contraceptives and condoms. Due to the gender-specific trajectories of sexual socialization and initiation, all the analyses were carried out separately for female and male students. The results p...

  4. Comportamiento dinámico de puentes en arco con amortiguadores viscosos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolás Parra García

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available En éste trabajo se presenta la respuesta sísmica analítica de dos puentes en arco de gran luz, sometiéndolos a un movimiento simulado que incluye efectos de fuente cercana. Para reducir la respuesta se exploró su comportamiento conectando los dos extremos del tablero con la subestructura por medio de amortiguadores viscosos. Se llevaron a cabo una serie de análisis en el plano de ambos modelos para identificar los amortiguadores óptimos. Los resultados indicaron que el uso de amortiguadores viscosos con comportamiento no lineal, ofrece una solución práctica para reducir la respuesta dinámica de estas estructuras.

  5. Aspectos psicológicos del comportamiento alimentario y sus consecuencias en la obesidad

    OpenAIRE

    Cervera, Pilar; Rigolfas, Rita

    1984-01-01

    Ya se vio el comportamiento alimentario y su regulación. así como las diferentes dimensiones de lo que significa comer. Aquí se comenta el comportamiento alimentario, en el caso concreto de la obesidad, y desde una perspectiva particular, que es la forma en que el paciente habla de ella, de su cuerpo y de su relación con los alimentos. Cabe destacar que no todos los obesos son hiperfágicos e, inversamente, que no todos los hiperfágicos son obesos.

  6. Acoso sexual en el trabajo en la Administración Pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Mansilla Izquierdo

    Full Text Available Introducción: Se ha definido el acoso sexual como cualquier comportamiento sexual verbal, no verbal o físico no deseado que atente contra la dignidad de una persona y crea un entorno intimidatorio, humillante u ofensivo. Se trata de una conducta inesperada, inaceptable y ofensiva. Objetivo: Explorar las características del acoso sexual en la administración pública y sus consecuencias. Método: La muestra del presente estudio descriptivo ha estado formada por empleados públicos de las Administraciones: Local, Autonómica y Estatal. Se les aplicaron el Cuestionario Sociodemográfico y un Cuestionario de Acoso Sexual y a aquellos que puntuaron de forma positiva en el cuestionario de acoso sexual se realizó una entrevista y se les administraron un Cuestionario de Consecuencias del Acoso Sexual, el Inventario de Depresión Beck y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo (STAI. La aplicación de los instrumentos empleados se realizó de forma individual. Resultados: Las características demográficas de la muestra que participó en el estudio dan como resultado que el perfil de la acosada sexualmente es una mujer de entre 20 y 40 años, soltera o separada, con formación de bachiller/FP o diplomatura y auxiliar administrativa. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de acosados sexuales entre las distintas Administraciones Local, Autonómica y Estatal. El 2 % de las trabajadoras fueron víctimas de acoso sexual. Todas las trabajadoras que han sufrido acoso sexual han estado en tratamiento psicoterapéutico o farmacológico. Manifiestan puntuaciones altas tanto en sintomatología ansiosa como en sintomatología depresiva.

  7. parental influence on adolescent sexual behaviour among

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    problems such as sexual behaviour in the adolescent. ... consequences of risky sexual behaviours on the adolescents' health and the ... the emotional support that parents provide for the adolescent during early ... the process of socialization and social learning builds self-control and reduces the inclination to indulge in.

  8. Sexual intercourse among adolescents in Santiago, Chile: a study of individual and parenting factors Relaciones sexuales entre adolescentes de Santiago, Chile: un estudio de factores individuales y de crianza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ninive Sanchez

    2010-10-01

    . MÉTODOS: Se tomaron los datos de la primera ronda del Estudio Longitudinal de Santiago, que se llevó a cabo de enero del 2008 a noviembre del 2009. La muestra estuvo integrada por 766 jóvenes (media de edad = 14,03 años; 51% del sexo masculino de municipios de nivel socioeconómico bajo a medio. Las variables evaluadas fueron las subescalas emocionales y conductuales del instrumento de autonotificación sobre comportamiento juvenil (Youth Self-Report que forma parte del inventario de comportamiento infantil (Child Behavior Checklist, la vigilancia de los padres, la participación familiar, el control y la autonomía de los padres, la relación con el padre y la madre, y la actividad sexual. Se emplearon modelos bifactoriales y multifactoriales de regresión logística para examinar las probabilidades de inicio de la actividad sexual. RESULTADOS: Setenta (9,14% de los jóvenes informaron que ya habían tenido alguna relación sexual; en este grupo, la edad promedio de iniciación fue 13,5 años (desviación estándar [DE] = 1,74 en los hombres y 14,08 (DE = 1,40 en las mujeres. Se observó una relación inversa entre la actividad sexual y los síntomas de retraimiento y depresión (razón de posibilidades [OR] = 0,84; intervalo de confianza [IC] = 0,72-0,97, pero una relación positiva con los síntomas somáticos (OR = 1,20; IC = 1,04-1,38 y el comportamiento transgresor (OR = 1,21; IC = 1,08-1,36, después de ajustar los valores en función de las variables demográficas y otras variables personales, así como las relativas a la crianza. La mayoría de los jóvenes (80% que habían tenido relaciones sexuales informaron que habían utilizado algún tipo de protección en su última relación. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia que pueden tener para los jóvenes, a la hora de decidir el inicio de su vida sexual, los problemas de salud mental, algunos de los cuales no suelen estar asociados al inicio de la actividad sexual. El efecto

  9. Factores psicosociales y culturales en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Gogna

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo trata de las dimensiones psicosociales y culturales de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Sobre la base de resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada entre hombres y mujeres de sectores populares (jóvenes y adultos en el Gran Buenos Aires, la autora discute cómo las nociones legas acerca de las ETS (sus síntomas, vías de transmisión, consecuencias y las normas culturales sobre el comportamiento sexual y las relaciones de género afectan la habilidad de las personas para considerarse en riesgo y/o adoptar conductas de prevención. También se discuten las implicancias de estos hallazgos en términos de estrategias apropiadas para promover conductas de cuidado de la salud sexual y reproductiva.

  10. "You Can't Just Walk Down the Street and Meet Someone": The Intersection of Social-Sexual Networking Technology, Stigma, and Health Among Gay and Bisexual Men in the Small City.

    Science.gov (United States)

    White Hughto, Jaclyn M; Pachankis, John E; Eldahan, Adam I; Keene, Danya E

    2017-05-01

    Social-sexual networking technologies have been reported to yield both psychosocial benefits and sexual risks for gay and bisexual men, yet little research has explored how technology interacts with the social-geographical environment to shape the health of gay and bisexual men in the relatively understudied environment of small cities. This article draws on 29 semistructured interviews examining the use of social-sexual networking technologies among racially diverse gay and bisexual men in two small cities. Questions probed participants' use of technology to meet sexual partners, engagement in the gay community, and the role of virtual and nonvirtual spaces in relation to health. Findings suggest that social networking technologies can help men navigate the challenges of small cities, including small and insular gay communities, lack of dedicated gay spaces, and sexual minority stigma. However, participants also describe declines in gay community visibility and cohesion, which they attribute to technology use. The article concludes by discussing the intersections of virtual and physical space in small cities as sites for the production of health and illness.

  11. Confidentiality considerations for use of social-spatial data on the social determinants of health: Sexual and reproductive health case study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haley, Danielle F; Matthews, Stephen A; Cooper, Hannah L F; Haardörfer, Regine; Adimora, Adaora A; Wingood, Gina M; Kramer, Michael R

    2016-10-01

    Understanding whether and how the places where people live, work, and play are associated with health behaviors and health is essential to understanding the social determinants of health. However, social-spatial data which link a person and their attributes to a geographic location (e.g., home address) create potential confidentiality risks. Despite the growing body of literature describing approaches to protect individual confidentiality when utilizing social-spatial data, peer-reviewed manuscripts displaying identifiable individual point data or quasi-identifiers (attributes associated with the individual or disease that narrow identification) in maps persist, suggesting that knowledge has not been effectively translated into public health research practices. Using sexual and reproductive health as a case study, we explore the extent to which maps appearing in recent peer-reviewed publications risk participant confidentiality. Our scoping review of sexual and reproductive health literature published and indexed in PubMed between January 1, 2013 and September 1, 2015 identified 45 manuscripts displaying participant data in maps as points or small-population geographic units, spanning 26 journals and representing studies conducted in 20 countries. Notably, 56% (13/23) of publications presenting point data on maps either did not describe approaches used to mask data or masked data inadequately. Furthermore, 18% (4/22) of publications displaying data using small-population geographic units included at least two quasi-identifiers. These findings highlight the need for heightened education for researchers, reviewers, and editorial teams. We aim to provide readers with a primer on key confidentiality considerations when utilizing linked social-spatial data for visualizing results. Given the widespread availability of place-based data and the ease of creating maps, it is critically important to raise awareness on when social-spatial data constitute protected health

  12. Sexual Attraction, Sexual Identity, and Psychosocial Wellbeing in a National Sample of Young Women during Emerging Adulthood

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johns, Michelle Marie; Zimmerman, Marc; Bauermeister, Jose A.

    2013-01-01

    Identity-based conceptualizations of sexual orientation may not account adequately for variation in young women's sexuality. Sexual minorities fare worse in psychosocial markers of wellbeing (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety, self esteem, social support) than heterosexual youth; however, it remains unclear whether these health disparities…

  13. Sexual orientation and self-rated health: the role of social capital, offence, threat of violence, and violence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Axelsson, Jakob; Modén, Birgit; Rosvall, Maria; Lindström, Martin

    2013-07-01

    To study the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health, including trust, offence, threat of violence, and violence. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENT: The 2008 Public Health Survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study. A total of 28,198 persons aged 18-80 years responded (55%). Logistic regressions analysed the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health. 27.4% of all men and 30.0% of all women rated their health as poor. Poor self-rated health was significantly more prevalent in higher age, among immigrants, people with lower education, low social support, low trust, experience of being offended, experience of threat of violence and violence, and bisexual and other orientation. Homosexual and bisexual men and women had higher age-adjusted odds ratios of having felt offended compared to heterosexual respondents. The odds ratios of low trust, threat of violence (men), and experience of violence (women) were significant for respondents with bisexual orientation but not for respondents with homosexual orientation. In the age-adjusted model, no significant association was observed between homosexual orientation and poor self-rated health among women. All other associations between sexual orientation and health were significant in the age-adjusted model but non-significant in the multiple models. Associations between sexual orientation and health disappear after multiple adjustments including trust and experience of offence, threat of violence, and violence. The study suggests that the group with bisexual orientation seems to be more exposed to low social capital (trust), threat of violence, and violence than the group with homosexual orientation.

  14. Does Exposure to Music Videos Predict Adolescents' Sexual Attitudes?

    OpenAIRE

    Beentjes, J.W.J.; Konig, R.P.

    2013-01-01

    This study investigates whether exposure to music videos predicts adolescents' sexual attitudes when controlled for relevant characteristics of individuals and their social environment. Sexual attitudes are related to their music video use (i.e. exposure to music videos, peer group talk about music videos, and perceived realism of these videos), personal factors and the sexual norms they perceive in their social environment (i.e. sexual norms of their parents and friends). A survey among Dutc...

  15. Syndemics and gender affirmation: HIV sexual risk in female-to-male trans masculine adults reporting sexual contact with cisgender males.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reisner, Sari L; White Hughto, Jaclyn M; Pardee, Dana; Sevelius, Jae

    2016-10-01

    Female-to-male trans masculine adults who have sex with cisgender (non-transgender) males (TMSM) represent an understudied population in relation to HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. This study examined the role of syndemic conditions and social gender affirmation processes (living full-time in one's identified gender) in potentiating sexual risk among TMSM adults in Massachusetts, US. Cross-sectional data were restricted to TMSM who reported lifetime sexual behaviour with a cisgender male (n = 173; mean age = 29.4, SD = 9.6; 18.5% people of colour; 93.1% non-heterosexual identity; 56.1% hormones/surgery). Sexual risk outcomes were: lifetime STI diagnoses, three or more sexual partners in the previous six months, and condomless anal/vaginal sex at last encounter with a cisgender male. Age- and survey mode-adjusted logistic regression models regressed sexual risk outcomes on the main effect of syndemics (six indicators summed: binge drinking, substance use, depression, anxiety, childhood abuse, intimate partner violence), followed by the interaction of syndemics and social gender affirmation. Syndemics were associated with increased odds of all sexual risk indicators (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] = 1.32-1.55; p < 0.0001). Social gender affirmation moderated the association between syndemics and condomless anal/vaginal sex at last encounter with a cisgender male (p < 0.0001). Syndemics were associated with sexual risk in TMSM who had socially affirmed their gender (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.42-2.25; p < 0.001), but not among those TMSM who had not (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.63-1.19; p = 0.37). Findings suggest that syndemic pathways to sexual risk are similar for TMSM who have socially gender affirmed as for cisgender MSM. Integration of syndemics and gender affirmation frameworks is recommended in interventions to address TMSM sexual risk. © The Author(s) 2016.

  16. Bio-psycho-social factors affecting sexual self-concept: A systematic review

    OpenAIRE

    Potki, Robabeh; Ziaei, Tayebe; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Shahhosseini, Zohreh

    2017-01-01

    Background Nowadays, it is believed that mental and emotional aspects of sexual well-being are the important aspects of sexual health. Sexual self-concept is a major component of sexual health and the core of sexuality. It is defined as the cognitive perspective concerning the sexual aspects of ‘self’ and refers to the individual’s self-perception as a sexual creature. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the different factors affecting sexual self-concept. Methods English electronic...

  17. Translating sexual assault prevention from a college campus to a United States military installation: piloting the know-your-power bystander social marketing campaign.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Potter, Sharyn J; Stapleton, Jane G

    2012-05-01

    One population that shares both similar and different characteristics with traditional college-age students is the U.S. Military. Similarities include a high concentration of 18- to 26-year-olds dealing with new found independence, peer pressure, and the presence of social norms that support violence and hypermasculinity. Sexual violence is a major public health problem in the United States, and because of the similarities in the age group of college and military populations, the problems regarding sexual violence in both constituencies have been well-documented. In the current pilot study we seek to add to both current knowledge about and promising practices of translating prevention strategies from one target audience to another. We describe how we translated, administered, and evaluated a bystander intervention social marketing campaign focused on sexual assault prevention that had been found to significantly affect attitude change on a college campus for a U.S. Army installation in Europe. In addition to demonstrating the process of translating prevention strategies across target audiences, findings from this pilot study contribute to the evaluation data on the effectiveness of sexual violence prevention strategies implemented with members of the U.S. Military. From our analysis, we see that research participants indicate that the degree to which the images resonate with them and the familiarity of the context (i.e., social self-identification) significantly effect the participants' personal responsibility for reducing sexual assault, confidence in acting as a bystander, and reported engagement as a bystander.

  18. Emotional Congruence With Children Is Associated With Sexual Deviancy in Sexual Offenders Against Children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hermann, Chantal A; McPhail, Ian V; Helmus, L Maaike; Hanson, R Karl

    2017-09-01

    Emotional congruence with children is a psychologically meaningful risk factor for sexual offending against children. The present study examines the correlates of emotional congruence with children in a sample of 424 adult male sexual offenders who started a period of community supervision in Canada, Alaska, and Iowa between 2001 and 2005. Consistent with previous work, we found sexual offenders against children high in emotional congruence with children were more likely to be sexually deviant, have poor sexual self-regulation, experience social loneliness, and have more distorted cognitions about sex with children. Overall, our findings are most consistent with a sexual deviancy model, with some support for a blockage model.

  19. Minireview: Hormones and Human Sexual Orientation

    OpenAIRE

    Balthazart, Jacques

    2011-01-01

    Many people believe that sexual orientation (homosexuality vs. heterosexuality) is determined by education and social constraints. There are, however, a large number of studies indicating that prenatal factors have an important influence on this critical feature of human sexuality. Sexual orientation is a sexually differentiated trait (over 90% of men are attracted to women and vice versa). In animals and men, many sexually differentiated characteristics are organized during early life by sex...

  20. Experiences of sexual harassment are associated with the sexual behavior of 14- to 18-year-old adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu; Savioja, Hanna; Fröjd, Sari; Marttunen, Mauri

    2018-03-01

    Subjection to sexual harassment is associated with a number of negative outcomes, such as internalizing and externalizing symptoms and a disinclination to attend school. Among adolescents, sexual harassment may increase with both their emerging sexual desires and increased socializing in mixed-gender peer groups during early adolescence. We set out to study the possible associations between normative and risk-taking sexual behavior and subjection to sexual harassment among adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 years. The informants included 90,953 boys and 91,746 girls, with a mean (SD) age of 16.3 (1.2) years, who responded to a classroom survey (School Health Promotion Study 2010-2011) in Finland. We found that even early steps in romantic and erotic experiences were associated with experiences of sexual harassment. The more advanced the adolescents' sexual experiences were, the more commonly they reported differing experiences of sexual harassment. These associations were particularly strong among the girls. Among the sexually active adolescents, the more partners the adolescents had for intercourse, the more commonly they reported experiences of sexual harassment. Adolescents actively interested in romantic and sexual relationships may socialize in contexts where sexual harassment is more likely to occur. They may be more sensitive to sexual cues than their non-interested peers, or sexual harassment may be a traumatic experience predisposing adolescents to risk-taking sexual behavior as a form of acting out. A double standard regarding the appropriate expression of sexuality received some support in our data. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Comportamiento de columnas en guadua

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    Jaime Salazar Contreras

    1983-05-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se determinaran los parámetros mecánicos necesarios para establecer el comportamiento de las columnas en guadua en las zonas elásticas e inelásticas tales como el esfuerzo critico a la compresión paralela a la fibra y el módulo de elasticidad, obtenidos para un determinado contenido de humedad. Parte de los datos consignados provienen del proyecto de grado "Determinación de la resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra de la guadua de Castilla" elaborado por José Virgilio Martin y Lelio Mateus T. en 1981.

  2. Anthropology of sexual exploitation

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    Lalić Velibor

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, the authors observe sexual exploitation from an anthropological perspective. They analyze the rational, ethical, emotional and mythological dimensions of human sexuality. Consequently, after setting the phenomenon in a social and historical context, sexual exploitation is closely observed in the contemporary age. Based on thoughts of relevant thinkers, they make the conclusion that the elimination of sexual exploitation is not an utterly legal issue, but political and economical issues as well. Namely, legal norms are not sufficient to overcome sexual exploitation, but, political and economical relationships in contemporary societies, which will be based on sincere equal opportunities must be established.

  3. Postpartum Sexual Abstinence and Breastfeeding Pattern in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    elearning

    13.5%), 30 (8.6% ) and 3 (0.9 % ) mothers in social classes 2,3 and 1 respectively have resumed sexual intercourse at 4-5 months, while only 12(3.4%) and 4(1.1%) in social classes 2 and 3 respectively continued with sexual intercourse at 11-15 ...

  4. Changes in media presentations of violet sexual practices in the years 1990-2011 as shift of social norms in the sexual matters

    OpenAIRE

    Endrychová, Ivana

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the shift of media picture of violent sexual techniques in years 1990-2011 in Czech Republic during the media and society liberalization of new liberal state. Theoretical part of the document is based on the theory of social construction based reality and the media messages construction (gatekeeping, agenda setting, news values). Analysis is based on the Newton Media Search data resource → electronic database collecting publishing material from major ...

  5. Acute stress worsens the deficits in appetitive behaviors for social and sexual stimuli displayed by rats after long-term withdrawal from morphine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bai, Yunjing; Belin, David; Zheng, Xigeng; Liu, Zhengkui; Zhang, Yue

    2017-06-01

    Negative affective states, e.g., anhedonia, are suggested to be involved in the long-lasting motivational processes associated with relapse. Here, we investigated whether anhedonic behaviors could be elicited by an acute stress after protracted abstinence from morphine. The behavioral responses to natural stimuli following exposure to an acute stress were examined after 14 days of withdrawal from morphine. Male rats were pretreated with either a binge-like morphine regimen or daily saline injections for 5 days. The motivation for two natural stimuli, i.e., a social stimulus (male rat) and a sexual stimulus (estrous female rat), was measured, following exposure to an acute stress (intermittent foot shock, 0.5 mA * 0.5 s * 10 min; mean inter-shock interval 40 s), under three conditions: free approach and effort- and conflict-based approaches. Foot-shock-induced stress did not influence free-approach behavior (sniffing time) towards the social or sexual stimulus. However, in the effort-based approach task, the stressed morphine-withdrawn rats demonstrated an attenuated motivation to climb over a partition to approach the social stimulus while the stressed saline-pretreated rats showed an increased motivation to approach the social stimulus. When an aversive stimulus (pins) was introduced in order to induce an approach-avoidance conflict, both drug-withdrawn and drug-naïve groups exhibited a bimodal distribution of approach behavior towards the sexual stimulus after the stress was introduced, i.e., the majority of rats had low risky appetitive behaviors but a minority of them showed rather highly "risky" approach behavior. The acute stress induces differential motivational deficits for social and sexual rewards in protracted drug-abstinent rats.

  6. Social stressors and alcohol use among immigrant sexual and gender minority Latinos in a nontraditional settlement state.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gilbert, Paul A; Perreira, Krista; Eng, Eugenia; Rhodes, Scott D

    2014-09-01

    We sought to quantify the association of social stressors with alcohol use among immigrant sexual and gender minority Latinos in North Carolina (n = 190). We modeled any drinking in past year using logistic regression and heavy episodic drinking in past 30 days using Poisson regression. Despite a large proportion of abstainers, there were indications of hazardous drinking. Among current drinkers, 63% reported at least one heavy drinking episode in past 30 days. Ethnic discrimination increased, and social support decreased, odds of any drinking in past year. Social support moderated the associations of English use and ethnic discrimination with heavy episodic drinking.

  7. Friendship, sexual intimacy and young people's negotiations of sexual health.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byron, Paul

    2017-04-01

    This paper examines how young people's friendships influence safer sexual practices. Through a thematic discourse analysis, interviews with Sydney-based young people (aged 18-25 years) and Australian-based sexual health websites for young people are considered. Interview data illustrate how friendships can support young people's sexual experiences, concerns and safeties beyond the practice of 'safe sex' (condom use). This is evident in friends' practices of sex and relationship advice, open dialogue, trust and sharing experiential knowledge, as well as friend-based sex. Meanwhile, friendship discourse from selected Australian sexual health websites fails to engage with the support offered by friendship, or its value to a sexual health agenda. Foucault's account of friendship as a space of self-invention is considered in light of these data, along with his argument that friendship poses a threat to formal systems of knowing and regulating sex. Whether sexual or not, many close friendships are sexually intimate given the knowledge, support and influence these offer to one's sexual practices and relations. This paper argues that greater attention to friendship among sexual health promoters and researchers would improve professional engagements with young people's contemporary sexual cultures, and better inform their attempts to engage young people through social media.

  8. Estadística y comportamiento organizacional

    OpenAIRE

    Jorge Óscar Rouquette; Magdalena Saleme

    2000-01-01

    Como parte de una investigación, el articulo se centra en una aplicación estadística a un campo de estudio de la administración como es el comportamiento organizacional, concretamente en la aceptación rechazo de siete hipótesis de investigación que pretenden demostrar que existe relación entre la variable satisfacción en el trabajo y siete indicadores que, según lo propuesto por Locke, influyen o determinan el grado de satisfacción que perciben los trabajadores. Vara demostrar la dep...

  9. Sexism and attitudes towards sexual diversity in mexican students of Social Work

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis-Manuel Rodríguez-Otero

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Sexism and hostile attitudes towards people who differ from heteronormative model (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transsexual, transgender and intersex are the result of socio-cultural phenomena such as patriarchy and heterocentrism. The draft of such attitudes in Social Work is a positive element in the revictimization of users. Since there is no research to analyze jointly homophobia, biphobia and Transphobia student of Social Work quantitative research arises in order to identify whether there are such attitudes in students in this discipline in Mexico. And identify whether these attitudes are related to each other and to the ambivalent sexism. To this end, various scales have been applied in analyzing paths liket format attitudes to 120 students from the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. The results show average levels of sexism, homophobia, and transphobia biphobia, being decisive variables related to sex, age, religion and education level. Based on these results it is considered necessary to include content on gender and sexual diversity in the training plans of the degree of Social Work.

  10. The Effects of Sexism, Psychological Distress, and Difficult Sexual Situations on U.S. Women’s Sexual Risk Behaviors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Kyung-Hee; Bowleg, Lisa; Neilands, Torsten B.

    2011-01-01

    Women represent almost half of the people living with HIV worldwide. Although social discrimination has been recognized as a major obstacle to HIV prevention, few empirical studies have examined the effects of sexism on women’s HIV sexual risk behaviors. We analyzed data collected from an ethnically diverse sample of 754 women attending family planning clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area. A majority of respondents reported lifetime experiences of sexism (e.g., 94% reported sexual harassment). Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that experiences of sexism and reports of recent unprotected sex with a primary or a secondary sexual partner were linked through psychological distress and difficult sexual situations. Our results suggest the need to develop HIV prevention strategies for women that address two mechanisms ---psychological distress and difficult sexual situations --- that link social discrimination to women’s sexual risk for HIV. PMID:22010804

  11. Depression and Social Stigma Among MSM in Lesotho: Implications for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stahlman, Shauna; Grosso, Ashley; Ketende, Sosthenes; Sweitzer, Stephanie; Mothopeng, Tampose; Taruberekera, Noah; Nkonyana, John; Baral, Stefan

    2015-08-01

    Social stigma is common among men who have sex with men (MSM) across Sub-Saharan Africa, and may influence risks for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) via its association with depression. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 530 MSM in Lesotho accrued via respondent-driven sampling. Using generalized structural equation models we examined associations between stigma, social capital, and depression with condom use and testing positive for HIV/STIs. Depression was positively associated with social stigma experienced or perceived as a result of being MSM. In contrast, increasing levels of social cohesion were negatively associated with depression. Social stigma was associated with testing positive for HIV; however, this association did not appear to be mediated by depression or condom use. These data suggest a need for integrated HIV and mental health care that addresses stigma and discrimination and facilitates positive social support for MSM.

  12. From slavery to incarceration: social forces affecting the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in the rural South.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thomas, James C

    2006-07-01

    The high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the southeastern United States have been shaped by historic and contemporary social forces. More than other regions of the country, the South was defined by slavery, an extremely hierarchical relationship between whites and blacks. Emancipation left much of the racial hierarchy intact with whites as farm owners and blacks as hired workers or sharecroppers. Agricultural policies that favored mechanization caused blacks to leave farm work and move into segregated towns, leading to the advent of the rural ghetto. Post-World War II mass migration, mostly by young men, to the industrial north altered the sex ratio and social capital of the southern towns left behind. The cocaine epidemic of the 1990s, followed by the high incarceration rates of the "War on Drugs," disproportionately affected low-income blacks. Each of these forces led to sexual and care-seeking behaviors that favor transmission of STDs.

  13. Male Partners' Investment and Alternatives as Correlates of Women's Coerced First Sexual Intercourse in Chinese Dating Relationships: A Social Exchange Perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, Shanshan; Tsang, Sandra

    2016-10-01

    Social exchange theory has great potential to help our understanding of dating partners' sexual interaction. Yet, to our knowledge, there is still no empirical study applying this theory to explain sexual coercion in the context of intimate relationships. This study examined the relationship between male partners' social exchange variables (investment and alternatives) and women's coerced first sexual intercourse in dating relationships, within both gender samples (not dyadic data). A total of 927 valid questionnaires were collected by purposive snowball sampling in five main cities in China of college students who were currently in a romantic relationship. Results showed that in the male sample, male partners' investment significantly and positively correlated with emotional manipulation coercive tactics, and their alternatives significantly and positively predicted defection threats as coercive tactics. In the female sample, there were no such observations. The research hypotheses of this study have been partially supported, and its implications and limitations are discussed.

  14. Grandes empresas mexicanas del calzado: entorno, cultura organizacional y comportamiento tecnológico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Morales Alquicira

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar las diferencias de comportamiento tecnológico entre las dos más grandes empresas similares productoras de calzado en México: Emyco y Flexi. Se asume que los cambios en el comportamiento tecnológico son producto de dos factores: a el entorno económico resultante del tránsito del modelo de industrialización vía sustitución de importaciones (ISI al de industrialización orientada al mercado externo (IOME y, b la cultura organizacional de la empresa caracterizada por sus valores, objetivos, capacidades, formas de operar, aprender y socializar el conocimiento. La metodología se basa en estudios de caso. Se muestra que las diferencias en el comportamiento tecnológico de las empresas analizadas se apoyan en suposiciones culturales ligadas con la valoración que dan a la tecnología que requieren en sus nichos de mercado y, a los procesos y formas de organización para lograr sus objetivos.

  15. Rapunzel’s complex: Social relations, and sexuality affectivity of adolescents with HIV/AIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana França Cescon

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available The present work aims to reflect on the influence of HIV / AIDS on social relations, sexuality and adolescent affectivity. We conducted a literature review and subsequent theoretical discussion on the topic, with the methodology of qualitative analysis of texts and scientific articles. The findings of the study demonstrated that it is necessary to fully consider the various psychosocial aspects of this dynamic, since the psychological aspects significantly influence disease progression and quality of life of HIV patient. For adolescents, this influence becomes even greater, because puberty is a specific stage of biological development, emotional and social, where social interaction plays an important role for the construction of the subject's personality. It is hoped that this study may contribute to the reflection on the importance of creating themselves coping strategies and health care interventions geared to this particular group, especially with regard to the psychologist, who should seek to accommodate these demands subjects, contributing to a healthy psychosocial development, considering its specific features.

  16. Sexual Abuse Trauma Among Chinese Survivors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luo, Tsun-yin Echo

    1998-01-01

    This study conducted interviews with 19 survivors of sexual abuse and three social workers in Taiwan. It found sexual stigmatization and feelings of disempowerment and betrayal as the most pervasive trauma complex among the abuse survivors. Effects of cultural attitudes toward sexual victimization of women and Chinese patriarchal familialism are…

  17. [Migrant adolescents and sexuality].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Renteria, Saira-Christine

    2012-06-13

    Besides its emotional, hormonal and physical components, sexuality has also an important social function. Analyzing these interactions in immigrant adolescents who are challenged at the same time by developmental changes and modified cultural and social rules--especially if they differ from the rules assimilated during childhood--might help professionals to access better comprehension. Personal experience, individual and external resources, whether they are family oriented or professional, are prone to influence on behavior, perception and outcome related to sexual health. The subject is discussed on the base of scientific literature and medical practice.

  18. Friends, strangers, and bystanders: Informal practices of sexual assault intervention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wamboldt, Alexander; Khan, Shamus R; Mellins, Claude Ann; Hirsch, Jennifer S

    2018-05-07

    Sexual assault is a part of many students' experiences in higher education. In U.S. universities, one in four women and one in ten men report being sexually assaulted before graduation. Bystander training programmes have been shown to modestly reduce campus sexual assault. Like all public health interventions, however, they have unintended social consequences; this research examines how undergraduate men on one campus understand bystander interventions and how those understandings shape their actual practices. We draw on ethnographic data collected between August 2015 and January 2017 at Columbia University and Barnard College. Our findings show that university training and an earnest desire to be responsible lead many men to intervene in possible sexual assaults. However, students' gendered methods target more socially vulnerable and socially distant men while protecting popular men and those to whom they are socially connected. Students' actual bystander practices thus reproduce social hierarchies in which low prestige may or may not be connected to actual risks of sexual assault. These results suggest that understanding intragroup dynamics and social hierarchies is essential to assault prevention in universities and that students' actions as bystanders may be effective at preventing assaults in some circumstances but may lead to new risks of sexual assault.

  19. [Adolescence and sexuality].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kjellberg, G

    2006-03-22

    Different pathological states occurring during adolescence, such as anorexia, bulimia and suicidal attempts are seen as possible manifestations of psychological defence mechanisms against the anxiety-provoking bodily changes of puberty and the necessary psychological transformations inherent to adolescence and sexual maturation. The changes of object of desire and some sexual risk behaviours are illustrated by clinical vignettes. Music is suggested to play a role in the mobilisation of emotions, bodily sensations and in the construction of an imaginary world and thus to be a factor--a part from biological and psycho-social ones--influencing the sexual behaviour of adolescents. Some communication techniques are suggested enabling access to adolescents on sexual matters - a domain of increasing public health importance.

  20. Physical, mental and social consequences in civilians who have experienced war-related sexual violence: a systematic review (1981-2014).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ba, I; Bhopal, R S

    2017-01-01

    To identify the health outcomes of sexual violence on civilians in conflict zones between 1981 and 2014. Systematic review. For the purpose of this study, we defined sexual violence as sexual torture including, individual rape, gang rape, and sexual slavery. All types of conflicts were included (intrastate, interstate, and internationalized intrastate). Quantitative and mixed-method studies, reporting any physical, mental, and social consequences, were retrieved from Medline, Embase, Global Health, Global Health Library, WHOLIS, Popline, and Web of Sciences (n = 3075) and from checking reference lists and personal communications (n = 359). Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and MetaXL. Given inherent variation, the means derived from combining studies were misleading; thus, we focused on the range of values. The 20 studies were from six countries, five in Africa (18 studies), and especially in Democratic Republic of Congo (12 studies). The number of subjects varied from 63 to 20,517, with 17 studies including more than 100 subjects. Eight studies included males. Gang rape, rape, and abduction were the most commonly reported types of sexual violence. Sixteen studies provided data on physical outcomes of which the most common were pregnancy (range 3.4-46.3%), traumatic genital injuries/tears (range 2.1-28.7%), rectal and vaginal fistulae (range 9.0-40.7%), sexual problems/dysfunction (range 20.1-56.7%), and sexually transmitted diseases (range 4.6-83.6%). Mental health outcomes were reported in 14 studies, the most frequent being post-traumatic stress disorder (range 3.1-75.9%), anxiety (range 6.9-75%), and depression (range 8.8-76.5%). Eleven studies provided social outcomes, the most common being rejection by family and/or community (range of 3.5-28.5%) and spousal abandonment (range 6.1-64.7%). Wartime sexual violence is highly traumatic, causing multiple, long-term negative outcomes. The number and quality of studies published does not match the