Succession pattern of carrion-feeding insects in Paramo, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Martinez, Efrain; Duque, Patricia; Wolff, Marta

2007-03-02

The minimum postmortem interval can be estimated based on knowledge of the pattern of insect succession on a corpse. To use this approach requires that we take into account the rates of insect development associated with particular climatological conditions of the region. This study is the first to look at insect succession on decomposing carcasses in the high altitude plains (Paramo) in Colombia, at 3035 m above sea level. Five stages of decomposition were designated with indicator species identified for each stage: Callíphora nigribasis at the fresh stage; Compsomyiops verena at the bloated stage; Compsomyiops boliviana during active decay; Stearibia nigriceps and Hydrotaea sp. during advanced decay and Leptocera sp. for dry remains. A succession table is presented for carrion-associated species of the region, which can be used for estimating time since death in similar areas. Compsomyiops boliviana is reported for the first time in Colombia.

Enfermedad cerebrovascular en Colombia Cerebrovascular disease in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico A Silva

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la enfermedad cerebrovascular constituye un problema de salud pública mundial. En Colombia es la cuarta causa de muerte en la población adulta y genera una alta discapacidad en estos pacientes. Objetivo: describir algunos resultados obtenidos por el grupo de Ciencias Neurovasculares de la Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia. Desarrollo y conclusiones: la enfermedad cerebrovascular es una entidad con una alta prevalencia en la población colombiana y genera discapacidad mental, motora y del lenguaje. Es necesaria la implementación de unidades de cuidado neurovascular con personal entrenado, protocolos definidos, tratamientos adecuados y tecnología de punta. En Colombia deben imponerse este tipo de unidades dentro del cuidado básico de los pacientes para disminuir la morbilidad, mortalidad y discapacidad generada en estos pacientes. La Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia es pionera en la implementación de este tipo de cuidados.Introduction: cerebrovascular disease constitutes a worldwide public health problem. In Colombia, it is the fourth leading cause of death in the adult population and generates high disability in these patients. Objective: to describe some results obtained by the Neurovascular Sciences group from the Colombian Cardiovascular Foundation. Development and conclusions: cerebrovascular disease has a high prevalence in the Colombian population and generates mental, motor, and language disabilities. The implementation of neurovascular care units with trained personnel, defined protocols, adequate treatments and high technology, are necessary. This kind of units must be imposed in Colombia as a basic care for these patients in order to decrease morbidity, mortality and disability. The Colombian Cardiovascular Foundation is pioneer in the implementation of these care units.

Condensed Matter Physics in Colombia is in its forties

Science.gov (United States)

Camacho, Angela

2015-03-01

Physics in Colombia started to develop in the 70's as a research part of basic sciences with the acquisition, at that time, of large research equipments such as x-rays and EPR. Experimental work was soon supplemented by theoretical investigations, which led to the formation of research groups in condensed matter. In the early 80's existed such groups in five universities. In this report we present, after a short history of the main steps that guided the initial research subjects, the major areas already developed and the minor research groups that are in the stage of consolidation. Currently this type of work is done at least in 20 universities. We also show the actual numbers of researchers, publications, PhD students and laboratories discriminated in gender to complete an overview of Condensed Matter Physics in Colombia. Finally, we present a short review of the main theoretical issues that have been worked in the last decade focusing on low dimensional systems, their structural and optical properties

Science and Technology Policy in Colombia: A Comparative Review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Correa-Restrepo, Juan Santiago; Tejada-Gomez, Maria Alejandra; Cayon-Fallon, Edgardo; Ordonez Matamoros, Hector Gonzalo

2014-01-01

The purpose of the present paper is to assess the current situation of the science and technology system in Colombia from a comparative perspective of quality indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We analyze the development of the science and technology policy in Colombia form a

Isolation of Candida dubliniensis for the first time in Cali, Colombia, and its identification with phenotyping methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Alvarez, María Inés; Suárez, Blanca Lynne; Caicedo, Luz Dary

2009-01-01

Candida dubliniensis is an emerging pathogenic yeast isolated mainly from the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients. The close phenotypic and genotypic relationship between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis has led to incorrectly identifying isolates of C. dubliniensis as C. albicans. The oral cavities of 107 diabetic patients were studied in Cali, Colombia, and 72 colonies of Candida, with shades of green on CHROMagar Candida culture media, were obtained. Various phenotypic tests were carried out, which included germ tube formation and production of chlamydospores on corn meal Agar. Additionally, growth studies were carried out at 42 degrees C and 45 degrees C and on Sabouraud agar with 6.5%, sodium chloride. Identification of C. dubliniensis with these tests was confirmed with API 20C Aux. We identified 65 and 7 colonies of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, respectively. This is the first time that C. dubliniensis is identified with phenotypic methods in Colombia.

Genetic and other diseases in the pottery of Tumaco-La Tolita culture in Colombia-Ecuador.

Science.gov (United States)

Bernal, J E; Briceno, I

2006-09-01

The people of Tumaco-La Tolita culture inhabited the borders of present-day Colombia and Ecuador. Already extinct by the time of the Spaniards arrival, they left a huge collection of pottery artifacts depicting everyday life; among these, disease representations were frequently crafted. In this article, we present the results of the personal examination of the largest collections of Tumaco-La Tolita pottery in Colombia and Ecuador; cases of Down syndrome, achondroplasia, mucopolysaccharidosis I H, mucopolysaccharidosis IV, a tumor of the face and a benign tumor in an old woman were found. We believe these to be among the earliest artistic representations of disease.

Environmental occurrence of arsenic in Colombia: A review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alonso, David L.; Latorre, Sergio; Castillo, Elianna; Brandão, Pedro F.B.

2014-01-01

The international literature on the presence of arsenic (As) in Latin America does not disclose the true magnitude of the presence of As in Colombia. In this paper, we summarize the literature on As occurrence in Colombia. The data reveal that As is present in matrices such as soil, sediments and water and in the food chain. Some of the As concentrations exceed the limits specified by national and international regulations. Arsenic higher concentrations are associated with mining regions (e.g., soils, up to 148 mg/kg; sediments, up to 1400 mg/kg) and agricultural areas (e.g., vegetables, up to 5.40 mg/kg; irrigation water, up to 255 μg/L), and underscore the potential human and environmental risks associated with the presence of As in the country. This review highlights the importance of focusing research on understanding the occurrence, origin and distribution of As in Colombia to better understand its environmental and public health impact. -- Highlights: • Information about arsenic (As) studies in Colombia is provided. • Occurrence of As in Colombia. • Compilation help to increase knowledge of As presence in Latin America. • Need for more research on the occurrence, origin, distribution, speciation and remediation of As in Colombia. -- This review communicates the untold story of arsenic in Colombia and draws attention to the need for more rigorous research on the metalloid. It also contributes to the information available on As in Latin America

PLAN COLOMBIA: Some Differing Perspectives

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Marcella, Gabriel

2001-01-01

This monograph, with an introduction by Dr. Gabriel Marcella, includes four short, but interesting and important papers presented at a conference on Plan Colombia, sponsored by the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S...

The century of the Petroleum in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carta Petrolera

1999-01-01

A recount of the big changes is made with hydrocarbons in Colombia during the X X century. The X X century it meant everything for Colombia in oil matter. In this century it took off and it consolidated their industry of the hydrocarbons and with her great part of the industrialization process and development of the country. It is undeniable that the petroleum was one of the big main characters of the century X X and Colombia has not been unaware to the sways of a highly changing industry. The creation of the OPEC, the warlike conflicts, the times of high and low prices, the technological advances, the processes of energy integration and the mega coalitions are hardly some of the ingredients that seasoned the Oil Industry in the years 1900

Corporate Governance in Colombia. Current trends Gobierno corporativo en Colombia. Tendencias actuales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Gaitán Riaño

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This document provides a look at The Colombian Corporate Governance System, from the promulgation of the Law 275 of 2001. The guidelines of international standards on corporate governance are commented and compared with the Colombian legislation. Features of the Code of Good Governance in Colombia are evaluated in which look for get competitiveness, sustainability, and deepening of the stock market, according to the principles of the OECD. It is presented a comparative study make in the country during 2002 and 2007 where there were deficiencies in the codes of the company's investor protection, the role of boards and transparency of information. The author shows a study about the annual penetration in adopting good governance practices in Colombia and concludes that the private financial sector is concerning to adopt them. That study present that 60% of companies have made no changes to the code since its inception.La Ley 275 de 2001 determinó el sistema de Gobierno Corporativo colombiano. El presente documento permite una mirada desde su entrada en vigencia. Se comentan los lineamientos de los estándares internacionales en esta materia y se comparan con la legislación nacional. Se evalúan las características del Código de Buen Gobierno en Colombia donde se promueve el logro de la competitividad, sostenibilidad y profundización del mercado accionario con base en los principios de la OCDE. Se cotejan estudios realizados en el país (2002, 2007 donde se observa deficiencia en los códigos de las empresas en cuanto a la protección del inversionista, el papel de las juntas directivas y la transparencia en la información. Se expone también cómo ha sido la penetración anual en la adopción de prácticas de buen gobierno en Colombia y la preocupación de empresas privadas del sector financiero por adoptar dichas prácticas. El 60% de las organizaciones no han efectuado modificaciones al código desde su puesta en marcha.

Actual state and perspectives of the small hydroelectric plants in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torres Q, E.; Castillo C, J.J.

1995-01-01

In this article, the actual state of the small-scale hydroelectric power plants (PCHs, abbreviations in Spanish) in Colombia in aspects as: Statistic of the water in Colombia, a brief historical review and the characteristics of the PCHs in Colombia, is present. The development PCHs, the executing projects and the actions that has been develop by the INEA (Institute of Nuclear Sciences and the Alternative Energies) is described

UREDINALES DE PLANTAS CULTIVADAS DE INTERÉS FLORAL EN COLOMBIA UREDINALES OF CULTIVATED FLOWERS IN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Manuel Pardo Cardona

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Treinta especies de Uredinales (royas se han registrado en Colombia parasitando a veintiseis especies de plantas cultivadas de interés floral comprendidas en 21 géneros y 15 familias botánicas. Se registra para Colombia y la zona andina de Sudamérica a Puccinia hemerocallidis Thuemen. Se confirma la presencia en Colombia de Puccinia antirrhini Dietel & Holway y Uromyces gladioli P. Hennings.Thirty species of Uredinales (rust fungi are registered in Colombia parasitizing 26 species of cultivated flowers belonging to 21 genera and 15 botanical families. Puccinia hemerocallidis Thuemen is a new record for Colombia and the Andean zone of South America. Puccinia antirrhini Dietel & Holway and Uromyces gladioli P. Hennings are first records for Colombia.

Consideraciones sobre la despenalización del aborto en Colombia Remarks on abortion decriminalization in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Antonio García Pereáñez

2010-08-01

Full Text Available

La Corte Constitucional de Colombia, con la Sentencia C-325 de 2006, proporciona una fuente de análisis e interpretación jurídica para la despenalización del aborto en Colombia. Esa es una tarea difícil, ya que, por un lado, la población colombiana en la actualidad manifiesta una gran polarización respecto al tema, y por otro, la despenalización del aborto es objeto no solo del derecho sino también de diversas disciplinas científicas y filosóficas y de sistemas normativos como la ética, la moral y la religión. En este artículo se analiza, en primer lugar, lo que llevó a la Corte  onstitucional a pronunciarse sobre la despenalización del aborto en Colombia. En segundo lugar, se tratan las consideraciones de la Corte y el debate jurídico-ideológico que tuvo que librar para llegar a su decisión. A renglón seguido, se hace un análisis desde la bioética del debate ético-moral que ha generado tal Sentencia; y por último, se infieren algunas implicaciones de esta norma dentro del complejo funcionamiento de la sociedad colombiana.

Times New Roman";,";serif";; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Ruling C-325 by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Colombia in 2006 constitutes a framework for the interpretation and analysis of restricted liberalization of abortion in Colombia. In the heated context of the Colombian idiosyncrasy, such decision by the Court was a complicated task, made even harder by the fact that the issue of abortion is discussed not only by the Law, but by other

Counterterrorism policy in Colombia

OpenAIRE

Self, Kevin A.

2007-01-01

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest a coherent, credible, and long-term counterterrorism policy in Colombia. The events of September 11, 2001 heightened U.S. awareness of Colombian terrorist organizations, the most powerful being the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The U.S. counterterror approach in Colombia appears fragmented, with only minor changes to its previous drug control policies. In contrast, the Colombian government has developed and implemented a policy to ...

Territorial perspective of agricultural extension policies in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Molina Juan Patricio

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This article presents a historic perspective of agricultural extension in Colombia and highlights its scope in relationship to regional development. Four periods are identified, which show that policies have evolved towards a territorial and decentralized agricultural extension. However, this trend has not been consolidated in recent years. It is suggested that Colombia should recover an approach of agricultural extension that integrates the productive dimension with a territorial perspective.

CANCER DE MAMA EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario A. González Mariño

2014-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conocer la situación del cáncer de mama en Colombia mediante la revisión de publicaciones epidemiológicas y clínicas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Evaluación de estudios publicados en revistas científicas seriadas sobre cáncer de mama en Colombia mediante búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline con los términos neoplasm and breast and Colombia y Lilacs con neoplasia y mama y Colombia. Se seleccionaron los estudios con aplicación epidemiológica o clínica con muestreo o datos de mujeres residentes en Colombia, ubicando sus resultados en la sección de introducción y en la de discusión de acuerdo con los enfoques de promoción, prevención y tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 62 referencias en Medline de las que se seleccionaron 23 y en Lilacs de 16 se escogieron 4. Las referencias se descartaron en Medline por las siguientes razones: 15 por el diseño de estudio (revisión de tema, presentación de casos clínicos, 7 por tratarse de investigación básica, 10 por tema diferente al cáncer de mama en Colombia y 7 por datos pertenecientes a otro país. En Lilacs se excluyeron por: 7 artículos también presentes en Medline, 3 por diseño, 1 de investigación básica y 1 de un tema diferente. CONCLUSIONES: Los artículos revisados permiten tener una visión integral sobre el cáncer de mama en Colombia. En ellos se puede verificar que hay limitaciones en la prestación del servicio de atención en salud para esta enfermedad, y se identifican factores de riesgo con significancia estadística como la nuliparidad, niveles altos de inactividad física y exposición a DDE (diclorodifenildicloroeteno y para el cáncer genético se encontraron mutaciones fundadoras. La consulta se hace principalmente por síntomas, no sobre resultados de cribado como sería lo deseable. Existen también contribuciones sobre el manejo quirúrgico y adyuvante extrapolables a las condiciones del país.

Variability of the stratospheric ozone in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aristizabal, Gloria Leon

2002-01-01

In this study has been examined the causes of ozone variations and the sign that represent in the short-term, seasonal, interannual, decadal and long-term variability. The analysis of NASA satellite data sets, obtained with the total ozone mapping spectrometer toms, for the period 1979-1999, they permit to deduce to the total column ozone that in Colombia, varies among 255 and 267 U.D., and presents synchronous variations with the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) and in the series not any tendency with the time is recognized

Situation and perspectives for biofuels in Colombia; Situacion y perspectiva de biocombustibles en Colombia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kafarov, Viatcheslav; Ojeda, Karina; Sanchez, Eduardo [Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS/CISYC), Bucaramanga (Colombia). Centro de Investigaciones en Simulacion y Control

2006-07-01

The article presents the situation, perspectives and forecasting of biofuel production in Colombia, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, take into account that for the country's development it is necessary improve the efficiency of power generation processes and optimization of fuel consumption in the transportation sectors, ensuring rational use of energy. Also presents the 'Programa Nacional de Alcoholes Carburantes' with its legal aspects.

Violence and health in Colombia Violencia y salud en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saúl Franco Agudelo

1997-09-01

y socioeconómica. Sin quererlo, se convierten en agentes de agresiones en el transporte urbano, el hogar, la escuela y el trabajo. Colombia tiene las tasas de mortalidad por homicidio más altas del mundo. Independientemente de la enorme sobrecarga institucional que impone a los servicios de salud y medicina legal, la violencia constituye actualmente en Colombia el principal problema de salud pública. Para hacerle frente, el sector de la salud debe elaborar políticas y financiar acciones; crear nuevos procesos de formación de personal, poner en marcha procesos de educación pública y dedicar mayor esfuerzo y creatividad al campo de la investigación, que hasta ahora ha dado respuestas importantes pero aún insuficientes. Al reflexionar sobre la violencia, que es la sustitución de toda argumentación por la fuerza, es necesario ubicarla en el contexto de la vida y la salud. No se pretende solo racionalizarla, y menos aún sustituir la acción por la palabra o por las reflexiones, sino tratar de comprenderla a fondo con el objeto de buscarle alternativas. En el presente artículo se analiza, con esta finalidad, el tema de la violencia en Colombia, principalmente desde el punto de vista de su efecto en la salud de los colombianos y de sus implicaciones para el sector sanitario. El autor expone sus puntos de vista con plena conciencia de su subjetividad y limitaciones.

Violencia y salud en Colombia Violence and health in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saúl Franco Agudelo

1997-02-01

Full Text Available La violencia en Colombia parece incontenible. A las masacres y asesinatos colectivos, de una crueldad desconcertante, se suman los secuestros y desapariciones, el maltrato de niños y ancianos y las violaciones de adolescentes. Cada día, sin tregua, los colombianos son espectadores o víctimas de atracos callejeros y de discriminación racial, sexual y socioeconómica. Sin quererlo, se convierten en agentes de agresiones en el transporte urbano, el hogar, la escuela y el trabajo. Colombia tiene las tasas de mortalidad por homicidio más altas del mundo. Independientemente de la enorme sobrecarga institucional que impone a los servicios de salud y medicina legal, la violencia constituye actualmente en Colombia el principal problema de salud pública. Para hacerle frente, el sector de la salud debe elaborar políticas y financiar acciones; crear nuevos procesos de formación de personal, poner en marcha procesos de educación pública, y dedicar mayor esfuerzo y creatividad al campo de la investigación, que hasta ahora ha dado respuestas importantes pero aún insuficientes. Al reflexionar sobre la violencia, que es la sustitución de toda argumentación por la fuerza, es necesario ubicarla en el contexto de la vida y la salud. No se pretende solo racionalizarla, y menos aún sustituir la acción por la palabra o por las reflexiones, sino tratar de comprenderla a fondo con el objeto de buscarle alternativas. En el presente artículo se analiza, con esta finalidad, el tema de la violencia en Colombia, principalmente desde el punto de vista de su efecto en la salud de los colombianos y de sus implicaciones para el sector sanitario. El autor expone sus puntos de vista con plena conciencia de su subjetividad y limitaciones.In Colombia, violence seems uncontrollable. Along with massacres and group killings of astonishing cruelty, there are also kidnappings and disappearances, abuse of children and the elderly, and rape of young adolescents. Every day

Trade liberalization and gender effects: a literature review for Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jairo Guillermo lsaza Castro

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a literature review about thegender effects of trade liberalization with emphasisin Colombia. In addition, it reviews sorne theoreticalapproaches about trade and its interrelations withgender, poverty, inequality and labour markets.Based on the existing literature about the socialeffects of trade in Colombia, it concludes with sorneconsiderations for empirical research.

Innovación en hidrocarburos en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Benavides Estévez-Bretón

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta parte del Proyecto DNP- Uniandes sobre Clusters en la industria minero energética. El análisis se centrará en la innovación en hidrocarburos: primero, el planteamiento básico; segundo, los retos y oportunidades, y tercero, las líneas de acción en las que Colombia puede trabajar.//This article presents a fragment of the DNP- Uniandes project on Clusters in the energy mining industry. Specifically, the analysis focuses on innovation in hydrocarbons, starting with the project's basic approach. Next, it exposes the challenges and opportunities present in the Colombian context. Finally, it discusses the lines of action within which Colombia will move forward.

Tendencias actuales del Procedimiento Civil en Colombia y sus nuevos avances hacia una sociedad moderna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Rafael Vergara Camargo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available ResumenAnalizar la aproximación actual del Procedimiento Civil en Colombia, es acercarnos a las realidades sociales, políticas, económicas y jurídicas; de ahí que cada día hay que repensar para reubicarnos en nuestro contexto, las normatividades jurídicas que permiten resolver oportunamente las problemáticas que se dan en torno a las relaciones de nuestra sociedad las cuales se presentan y no están alejadas de nuestra realidad; por eso como Colombia es un país en vía de desarrollo, que se encuentra articulado al mundo global, se hace necesario implementar las herramientas jurídicas, para hacer más oportuna la solución de los conflictos.Palabras clavesProcedimiento, justicia, desarrollo social, normatividades.AbstractAnalyze the current approach of Civil Procedure in Colombia, is be closer to the social, political, economic and legal, and hence that every day we must rethink our place ourselves in context, legal normativities that solve problems in a timely manner about the relations that exist in our society are presented and are not far from our reality so as Colombia is a developing country, which is articulated to the global world, it is necessary to implement the legal tools to do more timely resolution of conflicts.Key wordsProcedure, justice, social development, normativities.

TLC Colombia-Estados Unidos y sus implicaciones en el turismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nancy Rocío Rueda Esteban

2012-11-01

Full Text Available El TLC entre Colombia y Estados Unidos presenta tanto ventajas como desventajas que hay que entender para poder afrontar. Con el presente artículo se pretende analizar y aclarar la importancia de los cambios que puede llegar a generar el TLC Colombia-Estados Unidos sobre el sector turístico y hotelero de Colombia. Se expone una idea clara sobre las necesidades del país para tener una oportunidad amplia y fuerte sobre los cambios económicos, sociales y culturales que sobrevienen con la firma y entrada en vigencia del tratado.

Situation and perspectives for biofuels in Colombia; Situacion y perspectiva de biocombustibles en Colombia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kafarov, Viatcheslav; Ojeda, Karina; Sanchez, Eduardo [Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS/CISYC), Bucaramanga (Colombia). Centro de Investigaciones en Simulacion y Control

2006-07-01

The article presents the situation, perspectives and forecasting of biofuel production in Colombia, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, take into account that for the country's development it is necessary improve the efficiency of power generation processes and optimization of fuel consumption in the transportation sectors, ensuring rational use of energy. Also presents the 'Programa Nacional de Alcoholes Carburantes' with its legal aspects.

Colombia: Issues for Congress

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Veillette, Connie

2005-01-01

... into sharper focus after the attacks of September 11, 2001. The United States has made a significant commitment of funds and material support to help Colombia and the Andean region fight drug trafficking since the development of Plan Colombia in 1999...

Forecasting of Average Monthly River Flows in Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

Mesa, O. J.; Poveda, G.

2006-05-01

The last two decades have witnessed a marked increase in our knowledge of the causes of interannual hydroclimatic variability and our ability to make predictions. Colombia, located near the seat of the ENSO phenomenon, has been shown to experience negative (positive) anomalies in precipitation in concert with El Niño (La Niña). In general besides the Pacific Ocean, Colombia has climatic influences from the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea through the tropical forest of the Amazon basin and the savannas of the Orinoco River, in top of the orographic and hydro-climatic effects introduced by the Andes. As in various other countries of the region, hydro-electric power contributes a large proportion (75 %) of the total electricity generation in Colombia. Also, most agriculture is rain-fed dependant, and domestic water supply relies mainly on surface waters from creeks and rivers. Besides, various vector borne tropical diseases intensify in response to rain and temperature changes. Therefore, there is a direct connection between climatic fluctuations and national and regional economies. This talk specifically presents different forecasts of average monthly stream flows for the inflow into the largest reservoir used for hydropower generation in Colombia, and illustrates the potential economic savings of such forecasts. Because of planning of the reservoir operation, the most appropriated time scale for this application is the annual to interannual. Fortunately, this corresponds to the scale at which hydroclimate variability understanding has improved significantly. Among the different possibilities we have explored: traditional statistical ARIMA models, multiple linear regression, natural and constructed analogue models, the linear inverse model, neural network models, the non-parametric regression splines (MARS) model, regime dependant Markovian models and one we termed PREBEO, which is based on spectral bands decomposition using wavelets. Most of the methods make

DERECHO PROCESAL CONSTITUCIONAL Y DERECHO PROBATORIO CONSTITUCIONAL EN COLOMBIA

OpenAIRE

Nisimblat, Nattan

2012-01-01

El presente documento da cuenta del desarrollo actual del Derecho Procesal Constitucional en Colombia, determina la aplicabilidad de los principios generales del proceso y de la prueba en los procesos contenciosos subjetivos, y resuelve sobre la existencia de un derecho probatorio constitucional. This document reports on the current development of the Constitutional Procedural Law in Colombia, determines the applicability of generalprinciples of the process and the evidence in subjective c...

The Past as Prologue? A History of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy in Colombia, 1958-66

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Rempe, Dennis

2002-01-01

.... This monograph comes at a time when the United States is seriously considering broadening its policy toward Colombia and addressing Colombia's continuing internal war in a global and regional context...

Determining rainfall thresholds that trigger landslides in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mayorga Marquez, Ruth

2003-01-01

Considering that rainfall is the natural event that more often triggers landslides, it is important to study the relationship between this phenomenon and the occurrence of earth mass movements, by determining rainfall thresholds that trigger landslides in different zones of Colombia. The research presents a methodology that allows proposing rainfall thresholds that trigger landslides in Colombia, by means of a relationship between the accumulated rain in the soil (antecedent rainfall) and the rain that falls the day of the landslide occurrence (event rainfall)

A NEW SPECIES OF ACAMPTOPOEUM FROM COLOMBIA (HYMENOPTERA: ANDRENIDAE: PANURGINAE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GONZÁLEZ VÍCTOR H.

2004-06-01

Full Text Available A new species of the panurginae bee genus Acamptopoeum (Andrenidae:Calliopsini, from a xeric highland area in the Eastern Andes of Colombia is describedand illustrated. Acamptopoeum fernandezi sp. nov., can be recognized by the blackintegument without blue or green reflections and the short, sparse white pubescenceon the body, not forming apical bands of setae on metasoma. A. prinii is alsoreported for the first time for Colombia.

LAS MIGRACIONES INTERNACIONALES EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maguemati Wabgou

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo expone los resultados de una investigación sobre los flujos migratorios internacionales que han estado llegando a Colombia desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad. La metodología investigativa se fundamenta en la recolección y el análisis de datos derivados de investigaciones anteriores. Los resultados son significativos en lamedida que presentan el estado de las migraciones en Colombia entre los siglos XVI y XIX y desde la primera mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Por un lado, engloban a la inmigración británica, jamaiquina y africana en las islas de San Andrés y Providencia; junto con la inmigración árabe, judía, alemana, francesa, italiana y gitana en Colombia continental. Por otro, aluden a las migraciones japonesas, suramericanas, junto con los crecientes asentamientos de migrantes norteamericanos, europeos y las nuevas oleadas de migraciones asiáticas y africanas en Colombia. Todo ello lleva a aprehender la envergadura del papel jugado por Colombia como un país de destino de las migraciones internacionales, lo que contrasta con la imagen más conocida de Colombia como un país expulsor de emigrantes.

La asistencia europea a colombia: ¿una contribución virtual a un plan virtual de paz?.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquín Roy.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available This article presents a detailed analysis of current European assistance to Colombia, indicating the differences between European and American perceptions of the causes of the problems that plague the country as reflected in their respective views of Plan Colombia. The European perspective ¡s illustrated by presenting the critical positions taken by various entities regarding Plan Colombia's excessive military focus, including the European Commission, the European Parliament, Spain and other European states. The author examines the contrasting view that stresses a broader range of needs and problems in Colombia to which the European Union's aid should respond, the difficulties met in this approach, and the philosophic basis of the European contribution to Colombia.

Screen time, cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity among school-age children from Monteria, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Arango, Carlos M; Parra, Diana C; Gómez, Luis F; Lema, Lucía; Lobelo, Felipe; Ekelund, Ulf

2014-09-01

To explore the association between electronic media exposure (television viewing time, personal computer/video game use, total screen time), and waist circumference and body mass index, and study whether this association is independent of cardiorespiratory fitness, in a representative sample of adolescents from Montería, Colombia. Cross-sectional study analyzing data from 546 students aged 11-18 years, from fourteen randomly selected schools. Z-scores for WC and BMI were calculated. The physical activity module of the Global School Health Survey 2007 was used to determine EME, and the shuttle run test was used to assess CRF. Linear regression models adjusted by age, school location, physical activity level, type of institution (public or private), consumption of sweetened beverages, fast food, and fried food were used. Among boys, independently of cardiorespiratory fitness, high television viewing time (≥ 2 h/day) (β=+0.22; p3h/day) was positively associated with waist circumference (β=+0.34; pnegatively associated with body mass index. These findings support the evidence on the negative impact of excessive electronic media exposure and low cardiorespiratory fitness, and highlight the need for interventions and prevention strategies. Copyright © 2013 Sports Medicine Australia. All rights reserved.

Caracterización morfométrica de la microcuenca de la quebrada los Andes, El Carmen de Viboral, Antioquia-Colombia Morphometrical characterization in los Andes watershed, El Carmen de Viboral, Antioquia-Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yimmy Montoya Moreno

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron algunas características morfométricas básicas en la microcuenca de la quebrada Los Andes en el departamento de Antioquia (Colombia. La microcuenca tiene un área pequeña (Some morphometric characteristic were evaluated in the watershed of creek Los Andes department of Antioquia (Colombia. The headwater has a small area (<20km² with main direction in the axis S-N, with an elevation range between 2.700 and 2.200 m. asl. It presents a network of drainage well structured, for which presents a time of concentration of the water over 5 hours. The watershed is of class Kc2 with a high slope and a system of drainage subdendritic. This research permitted to identify the uses of the soil, being the adequate use the one that presented greater percentage (55% and the use is recommended conservationist in general for all headwater.

Sinopsis de las Loranthaceae de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dueñas Gómez Hilda del Carmen

2001-07-01

Full Text Available A synopsis ofthe Loranthaceae of Colombia is presented including a synoptic key that combines vegetative and floral characters for the practical identification of the genera. In total, 51 species belonging to 10 genera are cited; it is supplemented with descriptions of the genera and distribution of the species.Se presenta una sinopsis de las Loranthaceae de Colombia incluyendo una clave sinóptica que combina caracteres vegetativos y florales para la identificación práctica de los géneros. En total se hace referencia a 51 especies distribuidas en 10 géneros; se complementa con descripciones de los géneros y distribución de las especies.

Approach to the current state of work harassment prevention in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Andrés Dávila Londoño

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Mobbing or harassment is now recognized as a phenomenon of high impact on individuals, organizations and society. In Latin America, and specifically in Colombia, has been identified little development of thematic; this is a weakness against the possibilities to know, identify and intervene on this reality, growing in organizations. The objective of this paper is to present the results of theoretical analysis and review of prevention of mobbing in Colombia. The paper is divided into four parts. In the first, the main theoretical elements of the discussion about mobbing are synthesized. In the second, reviewed the legislation on mobbing in Colombia, and that the state has responsibilities for the identification, assessment, prevention and intervention of psychosocial risk factors at work. In a third part, presents and analyzes some measures and procedures existing prevention and intervention. Finally conclusions of the review are presented.

Arms Trafficking and Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

2003-01-01

chronology of the intensification of violence in the area, see Noche Y Niebla: Panorama De Derechos Humanos Y Violencia Politica En Colombia, Bogotá...Arms, London, UK: Zed Books, 2000, pp. 155–178. Noche Y Niebla: Panorama De Derechos Humanos Y Violencia Politica En Colombia, Bogotá: Cinep & Justicia

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA - Una paz esquiva

OpenAIRE

Neira Fernández, Enrique

2007-01-01

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA (Neira Fernández, Enrique) RECIENTES Año 2008 Colombia. Cerca el fin del paramilitarismo Colombia. Cerca el fin de las Farc Colombia. Conflicto armado y desarrollo humano Colombia. Política exterior Colombia. Inicia el 2008 con buen pie Año 2007 Colombia. Tras las pasadas elecciones Colombia. El espectro de las próximas elecciones Colombia. La garrocha de Uribe Colombia. III Parapolíticos Colombia. II...

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA - Una paz secuestrada

OpenAIRE

Neira Fernández, Enrique

2007-01-01

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA (Neira Fernández, Enrique) RECIENTES Año 2008 Colombia. Cerca el fin del paramilitarismo Colombia. Cerca el fin de las Farc Colombia. Conflicto armado y desarrollo humano Colombia. Política exterior Colombia. Inicia el 2008 con buen pie Año 2007 Colombia. Tras las pasadas elecciones Colombia. El espectro de las próximas elecciones Colombia. La garrocha de Uribe Colombia. III Parapolíticos Colombia. II...

Perfil de la mujer en la alta dirección en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Morales Castro, Clara Viviana

2011-01-01

El objetivo del presente estudio descriptivo fenomenológico es identificar los perfiles sociodemográficos que predominan en un grupo de mujeres directivas en Colombia, y observar las características de su liderazgo; para tal propósito se realizó un estudio cualitativo y un análisis de los determinantes de la participación laboral de las mujeres en Colombia. Se tomó como base de información encuestas realizadas a un grupo de mujeres de la alta dirección en Colombia, implementando un análi...

Ceratobasidium como hongo micorrízico de orquídeas en Colombia Ceratobasidium as orchid mycorrhizal fungi in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana T. Mosquera-Espinosa

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Las orquídeas se caracterizan por su relación micorrízica obligada para la germinación de las semillas. El micosimbionte es principalmente del género-forma Rhizoctonia, al igual que sus teleomorfos de los géneros Ceratobasidium, Tulasnella, Thanatephorus y Sebacina. En Colombia hasta la fecha son muy pocos los reportes sobre hongos micorrízicos de orquídeas. Para el presente estudio se planteó el aislamiento e identificación de hongos micorrízicos de algunas orquídeas de diferentes há bitats en Colombia, siguiendo la metodología de contaje de núcleos en células de hifas jóvenes y la secuenciación de la región ITS de los genes ribosomales nucleares. Se identificaron doce aislamientos provenientes de ocho plantas de especies diferentes de orquídeas. Tanto búsquedas BLAST del GenBank como el número de núcleos los agruparon en el género Ceratobasidium. Los resultados sugieren que este género se asocia con una amplia diversidad de orquídeas de há bitats variados en Colombia, además que para esta planta puede ser un importante hongo micorrízico. Sin embargo, surgen preguntas relacionadas con la patogenicidad de los Ceratobasidium micorrízicos sobre otros hospederos y su posible potencial biocontrolador de hongos patógenos en plantas cultivadas como arroz.Orchids require a mycorrhizal relationship for seed germination. Many mycorrhizal fungi are in the form-genus Rhizoctonia, with teleomorphs in the genera Ceratobasidium, Tulasnella, Thanatephorus and Sebacina. So far there are very few reports of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in Colombia. The objectives of the present study were to isolate mycorrhizal fungi of orchids from different habitats in Colombia, and identify them by counting nuclei in young hyphae and sequencing the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal genes. We identified 12 isolates from 8 plants of different species of orchids. BLAST searches in GenBank and binucleate cellsplaced all isolates in the genus

Outlook of the process of storage of oncology drugs from the logistic operator in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Vicente Sánchez-Calvera

2014-05-01

Full Text Available This article mainly on the problem of  storage of oncology drugs, which is an important element in the supply chain, applied in the context of warehouse management of oncology drugs, in the logistics operator and providers of health services institutions (IPS for its acronym in Spanish of Bogotá DC and in the contex of a macro project "Methodological proposal for the definition of policies , rules of negotation and coordination in supply management of oncology drugs in Colombia," funded by Colciencias and the Universidad Nacional of Colombia. This article presents the current situation of oncology drugs, marking a characterization, diagnosis and identification and startegies evaluated under different scenarios. Finally, it is presented a proposal of improvement applied tranversely to storage processes including labels such as just in Time and the application of information and communication technologies (ICT.

Colombia en la guerra de Corea Colombia in Korea ’s war

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adolfo León Atehortúa Cruz

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se ocupa de cinco aspectos poco explorados con respecto a la Guerra de Corea: la decisión de participar en el conflicto por parte del gobierno colombiano; la selección de los oficiales al frente del Batallón Colombia; la búsqueda de armas para el gobierno de Laureano Gómez; la experiencia obtenida por el Ejército de Colombia, y la influencia norteamericana profundizada con ella.This article refers five aspects scarcely explored on the Korea ’s War: the Colombian decision of participating in the conflict; the selection of the officials in the Battalion Colombia; the search for weapons by Laureano Gómez; the experience obtained by the Colombian Army, and the North American influence established on that period.

Violencia y salud en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saúl Franco Agudelo

1997-02-01

Full Text Available La violencia en Colombia parece incontenible. A las masacres y asesinatos colectivos, de una crueldad desconcertante, se suman los secuestros y desapariciones, el maltrato de niños y ancianos y las violaciones de adolescentes. Cada día, sin tregua, los colombianos son espectadores o víctimas de atracos callejeros y de discriminación racial, sexual y socioeconómica. Sin quererlo, se convierten en agentes de agresiones en el transporte urbano, el hogar, la escuela y el trabajo. Colombia tiene las tasas de mortalidad por homicidio más altas del mundo. Independientemente de la enorme sobrecarga institucional que impone a los servicios de salud y medicina legal, la violencia constituye actualmente en Colombia el principal problema de salud pública. Para hacerle frente, el sector de la salud debe elaborar políticas y financiar acciones; crear nuevos procesos de formación de personal, poner en marcha procesos de educación pública, y dedicar mayor esfuerzo y creatividad al campo de la investigación, que hasta ahora ha dado respuestas importantes pero aún insuficientes. Al reflexionar sobre la violencia, que es la sustitución de toda argumentación por la fuerza, es necesario ubicarla en el contexto de la vida y la salud. No se pretende solo racionalizarla, y menos aún sustituir la acción por la palabra o por las reflexiones, sino tratar de comprenderla a fondo con el objeto de buscarle alternativas. En el presente artículo se analiza, con esta finalidad, el tema de la violencia en Colombia, principalmente desde el punto de vista de su efecto en la salud de los colombianos y de sus implicaciones para el sector sanitario. El autor expone sus puntos de vista con plena conciencia de su subjetividad y limitaciones.

La visión de los otros. Colombia vista por observadores extranjeros en el siglo XIX.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Jaramillo Uribe.

2002-07-01

Full Text Available In this article a number of 19th century European and American travelers’ vision of Colombia, its demographic composition, its economy, and its social and political organization are presented and compared. Their diverse views of the Colombian reality of their time are also compared and commented on.

Tendencias del suicidio en Colombia, 1985-2002 Suicide trends in Colombia, 1985-2002

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Cendales

2007-10-01

number of Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL to suicide during this period. METHODS: Age- and sex-specific and age-adjusted crude mortality rates were calculated based on mortality and population information available from the official database of the Department of National Statistics Administration, Colombia. YPLL were estimated and adjusted for societal impact, age, and poor quality of mortality records. The results were tabulated according to codes X600-X849 and Y870 from the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10, and codes E950-E959 from the 9th revision (ICD-9. RESULTS: Suicide rates have been climbing in Colombia since 1998, particularly among young adults and males. The highest rates among males were in the age groups 20-29 years of age and over 70 years of age, and rates increased over time. Among females, the highest rates were recorded for the group 10-19 years of age. The YPLL rose in proportion with the increase in suicides, from 0.81% in 1981 to 2.20% in 2002. Among males, the most common methods used were firearms and explosives, hanging, and poison, with a relative increase in hanging; whereas among females, poison was most common. CONCLUSIONS: A rising trend in suicide rates in Colombia was confirmed, especially among the productive segment of the population, which has resulted in a marked increase in YPLL.

Diversity of Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera:Meliponini) Used in Meliponiculture in Colombia; Diversidad de abejas sin aguijon (hymenoptera:meliponini) utilizadas en meliponicultura en Colombia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nates Parra, Guiomar; Rosso Londono, Juan Manuel

2013-07-01

There are close to 120 species of native stingless bees in Colombia, many of them with important uses and meanings for diverse social and cultural groups. The stingless beekeeping (meliponiculture) is an activity in process of growth and technification in Latin America and other regions, but there are a little information about their characteristics and development in Colombia. Through information collected by interviews to 75 stingless beekeepers of 16 departments of Colombia, 25 species of stingless bees were identified, grouped in 12 genera. Approximately nine more uncertain species were also found, four new records for the country are presented, and geographical distribution, urban beekeeping and vernacular names reported. The characteristics of most common cultivated genera (Tetragonisca, Melipona, Paratrigona, Scaptotrigona and Nannotrigona) are presented, and the importance of the link between biological and cultural diversity revealed in vernacular names, are discussed. Facing a growing of meliponiculture in the world, some research needs and risks for the conservation and management of the diversity of stingless bees and related knowledge are remarked.

[Cigarette taxes and demand in Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

Maldonado, Norman; Llorente, Blanca; Deaza, Javier

2016-10-01

Estimate price and income elasticities of aggregate demand for cigarettes in Colombia, by controlling for structural market changes since the late 1990s, to identify policy opportunities for taxes that could improve public health and increase tax revenues. Measurement of aggregate demand for cigarettes using gross income reported on value-added tax returns submitted to Colombia's National Tax and Customs Office (DIAN is the acronym in Spanish) by the tobacco product manufacturing industry, subtracting exports. A quarterly time series was obtained for the period 1994-2014. The econometric estimation using two-stage least squares controls for price endogeneity and uses a set of dummy variables to control for structural changes in the market and in its regulation. Demand is, from a statistical standpoint, sensitive to price and to income. Price elasticity of demand is -0.78 and income elasticity is 0.61. Inelastic demand implies that it is possible, through cigarette excise taxes, to meet public health targets and increase revenues simultaneously. The results also suggest that the considerable increase in household income in Colombia in the first decade of the 21st century increased purchasing power, which, lacking an accompanying tax increase, promoted cigarette consumption, with negative effects on public health, and wasted an opportunity to increase tax revenues.

Environmental occurrence of arsenic in Colombia: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Alonso, David L; Latorre, Sergio; Castillo, Elianna; Brandão, Pedro F B

2014-03-01

The international literature on the presence of arsenic (As) in Latin America does not disclose the true magnitude of the presence of As in Colombia. In this paper, we summarize the literature on As occurrence in Colombia. The data reveal that As is present in matrices such as soil, sediments and water and in the food chain. Some of the As concentrations exceed the limits specified by national and international regulations. Arsenic higher concentrations are associated with mining regions (e.g., soils, up to 148 mg/kg; sediments, up to 1400 mg/kg) and agricultural areas (e.g., vegetables, up to 5.40 mg/kg; irrigation water, up to 255 μg/L), and underscore the potential human and environmental risks associated with the presence of As in the country. This review highlights the importance of focusing research on understanding the occurrence, origin and distribution of As in Colombia to better understand its environmental and public health impact. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Case report: microcephaly associated with Zika virus infection, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Mattar, Salim; Ojeda, Carolina; Arboleda, Janna; Arrieta, German; Bosch, Irene; Botia, Ingrid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Perez-Yepes, Carlos; Gerhke, Lee; Montero, German

2017-06-13

Recently there has been a large outbreak of Zika virus infections in Colombia, South America. The epidemic began in September 2015 and continued to April 2017, for the total number of Zika cases reported of 107,870. For those confirmed Zika cases, there were nearly 20,000 (18.5%) suspected to be pregnant women, resulting in 157 confirmed cases of microcephaly in newborns reported by their health government agency. There is a clear under-estimation of the total number of cases and in addition no prior publications have been published to demonstrate the clinical aspects of the Zika infection in Colombia. We characterized one Zika presentation to be able to compare and contrast with other cases of Zika infection already reported in the literature. In this case report, we demonstrate congenital microcephaly at week 19 of gestation in a 34-year-old mother who showed symptoms compatible with Zika virus infection from Sincelejo, State of Sucre, in the Colombian Caribbean. Zika virus RNA was detected in the placenta using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At week 25, the fetus weigh estimate was 770 g, had a cephalic perimeter of 20.2 cm (5th percentile), ventriculomegaly on the right side and dilatation of the fourth ventricle. At week 32, the microcephaly was confirmed with a cephalic perimeter of 22 cm, dilatation of the posterior atrium to 13 mm, an abnormally small cerebellum (29 mm), and an augmented cisterna magna. At birth (39 weeks by cesarean section), the head circumference was 27.5 cm, and computerized axial tomography (Siemens Corp, 32-slides) confirmed microcephaly with calcifications. We report a first case of maternal Zika virus infection associated with fetal microcephaly in Colombia and confirmed similar presentation to those observed previous in Brazil, 2015-2016.

Environmental education policy in Colombia, 2002-2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ezequiel Badillo Mendoza

2012-05-01

Full Text Available It presents the historical processes that influenced the Environmental Education Policy in Colombia between 2002- 2010, taking as axes the transformation processes of the Ministry of the Environment and the so-called Education Revolution. The research is qualitative, with a historical hermeneutic and the technique used is the documentary research. As a result, it was identified a historical context characterized by economic vision, a warlike position at the expense of social needs and a modification of structural issues at the political system in Colombia. It is concluded that these processes have affected the evolution delay and since the nineteen seventies and especially from the Constitution of 1991, settled in the various attempts to solve environmental problems.

Sinopsis sobre las Hydrocharitaceae de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schmidt Mumm Udo

1996-06-01

Full Text Available The aquatic family Hydrocharitaceae is actually represented in Colombia by seven genera and seven species (Egeria densa, Apalanthe granatensis, Halophila decipiens, Hydrilla verticillata, Limnobium laevigatum, Thalassia testudinum, Vallisneria americana. A first record of Hydrilla verticillata growing spontaneously in outside conditions is made for this geographical area. A key to genera is presented, with each species briefly commented and illustrated.En Colombia la familia de plantas acuáticas Hydrocharitaceae se encuentra representada por siete géneros y siete especies (Egeria densa, Apalanthe granatensis, Halophila decipiens, Hydrilla verticillata, Limnabium laevigatum, Thalassia testudinum, Vallisneria americana. Para el país se registra por primera vez a Hydrilla verticillata. Adicionalmente se presenta una clave para los géneros, con las especies brevemente comentadas e ilustradas.

Citizen perception about the education in Colombia Determinantes sobre la percepción ciudadana de la educación en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elias Said-Hung

2012-11-01

Full Text Available This article presents the results of the Project “Analysis of the determinants of the citizens’ perception about education in Colombia” developed by Universidad del Norte from the National Survey of Citizens’ Perception developed by Educación Compromiso de Todos in 2010. The objective of this study is to analyze the main determinants influencing the citizens’ perception concerning education in Colombia. This work starts with an inferential analysis where a better valuation of education in Colombia was evidenced when there is satisfaction with the administration of schools, teachers’ updating, school infrastructure, school food service, the right to education, investment capacity and local management in education, the usefulness of academic tests and when there is a good perception of de socio-economical situation of the country.El presente artículo expone los resultados del proyecto ¨Análisis de los determinantes de la percepción ciudadana sobre la Educación en Colombia¨, realizado desde la Universidad del Norte, a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Percepción Ciudadana realizada por Educación Compromiso de Todos en 2010. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los principales determinantes que inciden en la percepción ciudadana en materia educativa en Colombia. El trabajo parte de un análisis inferencial, en el que se apreció una mejor valoración de la educación en Colombia cuando existe satisfacción en: la administración de los colegios; la actualización de los profesores; la dotación escolar; el servicio de alimentación escolar; el derecho a la educación; la capacidad de inversión y de gestión local en materia educativa; la utilidad de las pruebas académicas; y cuando se tiene una posición favorable sobre la situación socio-económica del país. 

A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander; Rodriguez, Erick J; Norrbom, Allen L; Arévalo, Emilio

2016-05-16

Cryptodacus bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez, new species, is described from Colombia. It was reared from fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel. New distribution records are reported for Cryptodacus ornatus Norrbom from Colombia and Peru, for Cryptodacus trinotatus Norrbom & Korytkowski from Colombia, and for Cryptodacus obliquus Hendel from Bolivia and Peru. The female abdomen and terminalia of C. obliquus is described for the first time. The Norrbom & Korytkowski (2008)`s key to species was modified to include C. bernardoi n. sp.

FRONTERAS SIMBÓLICAS ENTRE EXPERTOS Y VÍCTIMAS DE LA GUERRA EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANGÉLICA FRANCO GAMBOA

2016-01-01

Full Text Available In this article, I question the rationalities and sensitivities with which those implementing the Law of Victims in Colombia consider the subjects of their intervention. The article is divided into four parts. First, I present empirical elements that show the discrepancies between law, expert knowledge, and situated needs in bureaucratic contexts. Second, I analyze the social production of discordant notes in bureaucratic spheres. Third, I explore the relationship established between science as a distancing device in Colombia and the epistemic fissures underlying the law and the action of professional experts. Fourth, I present guidelines to contribute to destabilizing the westernist outlook of those who, under the authority of Law and Science, impact the life of war victims in Colombia.

Dengue mortality in Colombia, 1985-2012.

Science.gov (United States)

Chaparro-Narváez, Pablo; León-Quevedo, Willian; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos Andrés

2016-02-11

Dengue in Colombia is an important public health problem due to the huge economic and social costs it has caused, especially during the disease outbreaks.  To describe the behavior of dengue mortality in Colombia between 1985 and 2012.  We conducted a descriptive study. Information was obtained from mortality and population projection databases provided by the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) for the 1985-2012 period. Mortality rates, rate ratios, and case fatality rates were estimated.  A total of 1,990 dengue deaths were registered during this period in Colombia. Dengue mortality rates presented an increasing trend with statistical significance between 1985 and 1998. Higher mortality rates were reported in men both younger than 5 years and older than 65 years. Between 1995 and 2012, category 1 to 4 municipalities reported the highest mortality rates. Case fatality rates varied during the period between 0.01% and 0.39%.  Dengue is an avoidable disease that should disappear from mortality statistics as a cause of death. The event is avoidable if the proposed activities from the Estrategia de Gestión Integrada (EGI)-Dengue are implemented and evaluated. We recommend encouraging the development of an informational culture to contribute to decision making and prioritizing resource allocation.

Shadow Toll in Colombia

OpenAIRE

González Ruiz, Juan David; Botero Botero, Sergio; Arboleda, Carlos Alejandro; Duque Grisales, Eduardo Alexander

2015-01-01

The growing development in infrastructure projects in Colombia has been linked to legal adjustments and capital markets. These two last factors have provided important elements for project developers to design funding strategies. Based on the shadow toll scheme, this paper proposes a new financing strategy for funding highway projects. This strategy may be implemented in Colombia. Finally, the paper proposes future research on shadow toll schemes as a financial mechanism.

Impresiones de los Mexicanos sobre la imagen país de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lina María Echeverri Cañas

2014-08-01

Full Text Available La imagen país de Colombia ha sido objeto de discusión en los campos de los negocios internacionales y el marketing territorial. Colombia es un país con un posicionamiento tradicional asociado al narcotráfico y al café, situación que ha llevado a los gobiernos de la última década a definir nuevas estrategias que ayuden a mejorar la reputación del país en mercados internacionales. Sin embargo, sus esfuerzos han sido de poco impacto porque la imagen país de Colombia todavía mantiene una asociación histórica negativa resultado del narcotráfico. En este sentido, el presente artículo aborda los resultados de una investigación realizada sobre las impresiones que tienen los mexicanos que han visitado y no han visitado a Colombia. Se eligió a México porque es el segundo emisor de turistas hacia Colombia procedentes de Norteamérica. Por medio de una investigación empírica aplicada a una muestra de 190 mexicanos mayores de 18 años, se encontró que el posicionamiento se mantiene negativo y se asocia al país con drogas, terrorismo, inseguridad y corrupción. Dicha percepción contrasta con un atributo que se destaca en el estudio, y es que se asocia a Colombia con la amabilidad de su población. Los resultados del estudio se obtuvieron finalizando el 2013. Palabras clave: Asociación; Colombia; imagen país; México; percepción; visitantes.Mexicans' impressions of Colombia's country imageAbstractThe country image of Colombia has been discussed in the fields of international business and territorial marketing. Colombia is a country with a positioning associated with drug trafficking and coffee. This situation has led governments in the last decade to define new strategies to help improve Colombia’s reputation in international markets. However, its efforts have been of little impact, because the image of Colombia country still maintains negative due to its historical association. In this sense, this article discusses the results

2014 – 2018 Foresight for MSMEs dedicated to custom software development in Colombia; Prospectiva 2014 – 2018 para mipymes dedicadas al desarrollo de software por encargo en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Isabel Diaz Vega

2013-01-01

Full Text Available his work was carried out in order to build and collectively adopt a Foresight Agenda for custom software development in Colombia for 2014 - 2018 through a process of reflection, consultation, and implementation of foresight tools. In this study, it was necessary to analyze the behavior of the software industry in Colombia, given that it is relatively recent, but “the country has the opportunity to capture a growing share of the market for Information Technology (IT, if committed to a long-term sector program that allows eliminating significant barriers”[11]. Currently, the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology is promoting new strategies for its enhancement. To develop this work, foresight methodological tools were used to analyze: diagnosis of the situation, stakeholders implied, and review of tendencies on the topic. The tools selected were: Delphi method, IGO matrix structural analysis, morphological analysis method, and scenario method. Among the results obtained, after this work it is recommended to generate strategies among MSMEs custom software developers that allows these companies to seize the supports through venture laws and some tax benefits offered by the government, generate innovation to enable them to become competitive, manage knowledge so that it can be documented and keep from making the same mistakes of the past and present, check the current economic models given that these are inefficient – leading many of these companies to become financially unviable, and perform technological adaptations accompanied by technology transfer and human resource training to allow for evolution over time of companies and human capital. We can, finally, conclude that the development of scenarios, using tools involving uncertainty prospects for the generation of possible scenarios and important factors determining market and evolution of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises engaged in custom software development in

Conflict fields of journalistic praxis in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rousbeh Legatis

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The chronic uncertainty for journalists and editors in carrying out their professional work in Colombia has many sources and has been serious for decades. Currently – besides indicators of extreme physical violence (such as daily attacks, abuse, kidnappings and murders – problem areas are strongly marking journalistic work in Colombia that are often neglected in the international discussion, such as inadequate training offerings, unsatisfactory infrastructure in the workplace, precarious wage situations, lack of independence in relationship to editors and a poorly taught understanding of professional ethics. These structural problems produce qualitative deficiencies – especially in conflict reportage. But instead of stagnation, change is occurring. Colombian journalists are revising their self-image, at the same time developing a problem consciousness in their own work, and are actively trying to correct the deficiencies.

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA - Una nueva estrategia de paz

OpenAIRE

Neira Fernández, Enrique

2007-01-01

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA (Neira Fernández, Enrique) RECIENTES Año 2008 Colombia. Cerca el fin del paramilitarismo Colombia. Cerca el fin de las Farc Colombia. Conflicto armado y desarrollo humano Colombia. Política exterior Colombia. Inicia el 2008 con buen pie Año 2007 Colombia. Tras las pasadas elecciones Colombia. El espectro de las próximas elecciones Colombia. La garrocha de Uribe Colombia. III Parapolíticos Colombia. II...

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA - Los momentos de la paz

OpenAIRE

Neira Fernández, Enrique

2012-01-01

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA (Neira Fernández, Enrique) RECIENTES Año 2008 Colombia. Cerca el fin del paramilitarismo Colombia. Cerca el fin de las Farc Colombia. Conflicto armado y desarrollo humano Colombia. Política exterior Colombia. Inicia el 2008 con buen pie Año 2007 Colombia. Tras las pasadas elecciones Colombia. El espectro de las próximas elecciones Colombia. La garrocha de Uribe Colombia. III Parapolíticos Colombia. II...

Género y destino. La tragedia griega en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Romero Rey, Sandro

2014-01-01

En Colombia, un país entre dos océanos en el norte de la América del Sur, ha habido diversas manifestaciones del arte y la cultura en las que la presencia de la tragedia griega sigue siendo un recurso pertinente para hablar de las heridas de su realidad. Género y destino: la tragedia griega en Colombia es una reflexión enmarcada en sesenta años (entre 1954 y 2014) en los que las obras de Esquilo, Sófocles y Eurípides han estado presentes en sus escenarios, en sus letras o en sus nuevas tenden...

Los hongos de Colombia - IV. Bisporella Triseptata and its allies in Colombia Los hongos de Colombia - IV. Bisporella Triseptata and its allies in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carpenter S. E.

1978-12-01

Full Text Available During the combined mycological explorations of Colombia by the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (Bogotá, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (Bogotá and The New York Botanical Garden, many new and interesting fungi have been discovered. Among these, several collections of an apparently rare and poorly known species of Bisporella Sacc. were made, which are worthy of report.During the combined mycological explorations of Colombia by the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (Bogotá, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (Bogotá and The New York Botanical Garden, many new and interesting fungi have been discovered. Among these, several collections of an apparently rare and poorly known species of Bisporella Sacc. were made, which are worthy of report.

[Characterisation of Suicide in Colombia, 2000 2010].

Science.gov (United States)

Cardona Arango, Doris; Medina-Pérez, Óscar Adolfo; Cardona Duque, Deisy Viviana

2016-01-01

Suicide is a serious public health problem worldwide, affecting all population groups, regardless of age, gender, or area of residence. The aim of this investigation was to characterise the recorded suicides in Colombia, between the years 2000 and 2010, according to the variables of the person, time and place. Descriptive quantitative study with information from secondary sources, from the death certificates of deceased people by suicide registered with the National Bureau of Statistics. The behaviour of the deaths and mortality, were determined using the denominator population projections of Colombia and the Amazon, Andean, Atlantic Coast, Eastern Plains and Pacific regions. Descriptive measurements and mortality rates were calculated using these. A total of 24,882 suicides were recorded in the eleven years studied, with a mean of 6.2 people per day, which increased to 8.0 during holidays The mean age of death was 34.5 years (men 36.4, women 27.7), with male deaths (78.1%) and urban areas (66%) predominating. The greatest risk of dying from this cause was recorded in the Eastern Plains, in young adults and seniors, and residents in rural areas. Suicide rates in Colombia show a downward trend, with a mean of 5.3/100,000 inhabitants, and with an increased risk in men (3.7 times the risk in women, in young adults (9/100,000). A higher death rate was recorded in single people in the months of December and January, and at weekends. Copyright © 2015 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Imagen país de Colombia desde la perspectiva estadounidense

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lina María Echeverri

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La reputación de los países está vinculada a la percepción que tengan los visitantes sobre un destino específico, se construye sobre sus experiencias y da como resultado el concepto de imagen de un país. Autores como Anholt, Dinnie y Kotler han logrado evaluar y analizar la importancia que está cobrando el contenido sobre imagen país en el diseño de estrategias de reputación territorial. En el caso de Colombia, el país tiene un posicionamiento polarizado, se asocia con narcotráfico y con café. El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación empírica aplicada en Estados Unidos, sobre las impresiones del país que tienen aquellos que han visitado y no han visitado a Colombia. La hipótesis planteada es que Colombia mantiene un posicionamiento histórico negativo, asociado al narcotráfico. Se eligió como ámbito geográfico a Estados Unidos, por ser el emisor más grande de viajeros hacia Colombia.

Rice peasants and rice research in Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Spijkers, P.A.N.M.

1983-01-01

Rice has been grown as a food crop in Latin America from early colonial times. In Colombia rice became a prominent subsistence crop especially on the north coast where it has been grown since the 17th century, sometimes also as a commercial crop. During the last twenty years there has been a sharp

TRES NUEVAS ESPECIES DE Cryptocanthon BALTHASAR, 1942 (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE PARA COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JORGE ARMANDO ARIAS

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta la descripción de tres especies nuevas de Cryptocanthon para Colombia: Cryptocanthon andradei, Cryptocanthon buriticaorum y Cryptocanthon pulidoae. Se incluye ilustraciones del habitus, caracteres morfológicos externos, la genitalia del macho incluyendo los escleritos del saco interno, así como mapas de distribución. Se presenta una clave para la determinación de las especies del género presentes en Colombia. Además, se presenta nuevas localidades de recolección para las especies conocidas para Colombia y se amplía la distribución departamental de: C. altus (Santander, C. foveatus (Santander, C. peckorum (Vichada y C. humidus(Caquetá, Nariño y Putumayo.

The dual burden of malnutrition in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Sarmiento, Olga L; Parra, Diana C; González, Silvia A; González-Casanova, Inés; Forero, Ana Y; Garcia, Johnattan

2014-12-01

Almost all nutrition policies in Colombia currently focus on either undernutrition or obesity, with the predominant emphasis on undernutrition. It is crucial to assess the prevalence of the dual burden of malnutrition in Colombia to better target programs and policies. The aim was to estimate the national prevalence of the dual burden of malnutrition in Colombia at the individual and household levels in children aged malnutrition was defined as the coexistence of overweight and stunting or anemia in the same person or household. In Colombia, low to high prevalences of overweight and obesity (3.4-51.2%) coexist with moderate to high prevalences of anemia (8.1-27.5%) and stunting (13.2%). The observed prevalence of the dual burden was lower than expected. Approximately 5% of households had at least one stunted child aged malnutrition in Colombia are lower than expected. Despite the independence of the occurrence of these conditions, the fact that the dual burden coexists at the national, household, and intraindividual levels suggests that public policies should address both conditions through multiple strategies. It is imperative to evaluate the current nutrition policies to inform malnutrition prevention efforts in Colombia and to share lessons with other countries at a similar stage of nutritional transition. © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.

El Patentamiento Universitario en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana Milena González Gélvez

2013-04-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta un panorama general del patentamiento que realizan las Universidades en Colombia. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de la información de la base de datos de patentes de la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio de Colombia desde 1970 hasta 2010. Los resultados permiten observar el estado real del patentamiento Universitario en Colombia, así como identificar las Universidades más exitosas en el proceso de patentamiento y los tiempos reales requeridos para proteger las nuevas creaciones. Así mismo, los resultados son un insumo importante en la determinación de la estrategia de protección que adopten las Universidades Colombianas en cuanto a la protección de sus creaciones.

Colombia en la guerra de Corea Colombia in Korea ’s war

OpenAIRE

Adolfo León Atehortúa Cruz

2008-01-01

Este artículo se ocupa de cinco aspectos poco explorados con respecto a la Guerra de Corea: la decisión de participar en el conflicto por parte del gobierno colombiano; la selección de los oficiales al frente del Batallón Colombia; la búsqueda de armas para el gobierno de Laureano Gómez; la experiencia obtenida por el Ejército de Colombia, y la influencia norteamericana profundizada con ella.This article refers five aspects scarcely explored on the Korea ’s War: the Colombian decision of part...

Sirenomelia: two cases in Cali, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Saldarriaga, Wilmar; Salcedo-Arellano, Maria Jimena; Ramirez-Cheyne, Julian

2015-01-30

We report two cases of sirenomelia, a rare congenital defect with a prevalence rate of 1:100 000 births; both cases were observed in Cali, Colombia. Both pregnant women were referred from Buenaventura, Colombia. The expecting mothers shared multiple adverse sociodemographic factors. Their homes were located in a city where the entire population is of low socioeconomic status living under conditions of extreme poverty. They were uneducated, with nutritional deficiencies and no access to drinking water most of the time. Both were exposed to water and fish from a nearby river contaminated with leachate from a poorly managed landfill. A similar relation was previously reported in Cali in 2005 between environmental factors and sirenomelia. We suggest that there is a common aetiological factor of environmental origin between these two sirenomelia cases and propose that exposure to derivatives from landfills should be included among the factors for this rare defect of multifactorial aetiological origin. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Astroparticle physics at the Eastern Colombia region

Science.gov (United States)

Asorey, Hernán; Núñez, Luis A.

2015-12-01

We present the emerging panorama of Astroparticle Physics at the Eastern Colombia region, and describe several ongoing projects, most of them related to the Latin American Giant Observatory (LAGO) Project. This research work is carried out at the Grupo de Investigaciones en Relatividad y Gravitacin of Universidad Industrial de Santander.

Strategi Counterinsurgency Kolombia terhadap Farc (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias De Colombia) 2010-2012

OpenAIRE

Olivia, Yessi; Miranda, Dea

2014-01-01

This paper is analysing about counterinsurgency Colombia to against paramilitary group in Colombia to help address the humanitarian crisis that occurred because of civil conflict in Colombia. Conflict in Colombia involving the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionaries de Colombia (FARC) and the Government of Colombia is one example of a threat to human security in this case is a citizen of Colombia. Thousands of people confirmed dead, and hundreds more injured and displaced into the surrounding area. C...

Toxicosis by Plant Alkaloids in Humans and Animals in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonzalo J. Diaz

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Due to its tropical location, chains of mountains, inter-Andean valleys, Amazon basin area, eastern plains and shores on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Colombia has many ecosystems and the second largest plant biodiversity in the world. Many plant species, both native and naturalized, are currently recognized as toxic for both animals and humans, and some of them are known to cause their toxic effects due to their alkaloid content. Among these, there are plants containing the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, neurotoxins such as the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine and the piperidine alkaloids coniine and γ-coniceine and tropane alkaloids. Unfortunately, the research in toxic plants in Colombia is not nearly proportional to its plant biodiversity and the scientific information available is only very scarce. The present review aims at summarizing the scarce information about plant alkaloid toxicosis in animals and humans in Colombia.

Toxicosis by Plant Alkaloids in Humans and Animals in Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

Diaz, Gonzalo J.

2015-01-01

Due to its tropical location, chains of mountains, inter-Andean valleys, Amazon basin area, eastern plains and shores on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Colombia has many ecosystems and the second largest plant biodiversity in the world. Many plant species, both native and naturalized, are currently recognized as toxic for both animals and humans, and some of them are known to cause their toxic effects due to their alkaloid content. Among these, there are plants containing the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, neurotoxins such as the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine and the piperidine alkaloids coniine and γ-coniceine and tropane alkaloids. Unfortunately, the research in toxic plants in Colombia is not nearly proportional to its plant biodiversity and the scientific information available is only very scarce. The present review aims at summarizing the scarce information about plant alkaloid toxicosis in animals and humans in Colombia. PMID:26690479

Imagen país de Colombia desde la perspectiva extranjera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Echeverri Cañas, Lina María

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Colombia is a country with a negative historical positioning in international markets. Despite efforts by governments and influencers to improve its image, the perception of foreigners remains polarized, being associated with coffee and drug trafficking. This article is the result of a qualitative research conducted on foreign visitors from eight countries in the Americas with the largest number of visitors to Colombia in 2013: The United States, Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Peru, Brazil, Mexico and Chile. The study found that the image of Colombia is not one-dimensional, but multidimensional. It identifies five dimensions that influence country image: knowledge of the country, the industrial orientation, visitor attitudes, perceptions of prospects and preferences and finally interests associated with its image.Colombia es un país con un posicionamiento histórico negativo en mercados internacionales. Si bien los gobiernos y los prescriptores han dedicado esfuerzos por mejorarla, la percepción del extranjero se mantiene polarizada, es decir, todavía el país es asociado con el café y con el narcotráfico. El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación cualitativa realizada a extranjeros procedentes de ocho países que registran el mayor número de visitantes en Colombia en el 2013 desde el continente americano: Estados Unidos, Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Perú, Brasil, México y Chile. Como resultado del estudio se encontró que la imagen de Colombia no es unidimensional, es multidimensional. Se logran identificar cinco dimensiones que influyen en la imagen país: el conocimiento del país, la orientación industrial, las actitudes de los visitantes, las percepciones de los prospectos y las preferencias e intereses asociado a su imagen.

Prevalence of urticaria in Cartagena, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Andrés Miranda-Machado

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Background: In Colombia, there have been studies on the prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Prevalence studies of urticaria in Colombia are scarce. Objective: Our objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urticaria in Cartagena (Colombia in order to contribute to national epidemiological estimates of disease. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study in the city of Cartagena was conducted and 547 patients aged 1-58 years treated at the Allergy specialist consultation in care centers selected for this study between April and July 2015 were included, through non-probabilistic sampling. Results: The prevalence of urticaria in the care centers selected of city of Cartagena (Colombia was 7.1 % (4 % children and adults 3.1 %. 3.4 % prevalence of acute urticaria and 3.6 % of chronic urticaria was estimated. Conclusion: 46.1 % reported having a poor quality of life associated with urticaria.

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA - Siempre es tarde para la paz

OpenAIRE

Neira Fernández, Enrique

2007-01-01

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA (Neira Fernández, Enrique) RECIENTES Año 2008 Colombia. Cerca el fin del paramilitarismo Colombia. Cerca el fin de las Farc Colombia. Conflicto armado y desarrollo humano Colombia. Política exterior Colombia. Inicia el 2008 con buen pie Año 2007 Colombia. Tras las pasadas elecciones Colombia. El espectro de las próximas elecciones Colombia. La garrocha de Uribe Colombia. III Parapolíticos Colombia. II...

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA - Viraje en el proceso de paz

OpenAIRE

Neira Fernández, Enrique

2007-01-01

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA (Neira Fernández, Enrique) RECIENTES Año 2008 Colombia. Cerca el fin del paramilitarismo Colombia. Cerca el fin de las Farc Colombia. Conflicto armado y desarrollo humano Colombia. Política exterior Colombia. Inicia el 2008 con buen pie Año 2007 Colombia. Tras las pasadas elecciones Colombia. El espectro de las próximas elecciones Colombia. La garrocha de Uribe Colombia. III Parapolíticos Colombia. II...

Ochetosoma heterocoelium (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae in snakes from Colombia Ochetosoma heterocoelium (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae en ofidios de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Lenis

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Ochetosoma heterocoelium Travassos, 1921 is a parasite that has been identified in snakes from different locations in Colombia and is considered of veterinary importance. Here, we present a redescription based on morphological traits of juveniles and adults. Parasite burden of O. heterocoelium in the host varied between 3-207 individuals which were localized in the oral cavity of snakes, causing damage that range from small infections to mechanical obstruction of the esophagus and Jacobson's organ. The low levels of abundance and prevalence in the snakes Leptodeira septentrionalis, Bothriechis schlegelli, Bothrops asper and Porthidium nasutum coming from the localities of Maceo, Vegachí and Acandí regions, suggest that the parasite is not a threat to the snakes of Colombia. We propose a treatment program that consists of manual removal of Digenea as well as treating snakes with antihelminthics, the applaying of soft antiseptics and monitoring recovery. The prevalence of O. heterocoelium was established in new regions, namely Middle Magdalena, Valle de Aburrá, Urabá Chocoano and northern Colombia. This extends the known geographical distribution from Brazil and Venezuela. New hosts were also identified: Atractus lasallei, Bothriechis schlegelli, Bothrops asper, Chironius carinatus, Leptodeira septentrionalis, Leptophis ahaetulla and Porthidium nasutum.Se identifica Ochetosoma heterocoelium Travassos, 1921 como un parásito de importancia veterinaria en ofidios de diferentes localidades de Colombia y se redescribe con base en las características morfológicas de individuos juveniles y adultos. La carga parasitaria de O. heterocoelium varió de 3-207 individuos alojados en la cavidad bucal de los ofidios, causando desde infecciones leves hasta obstrucción mecánica en el esófago y órgano de Jacobson. Los bajos valores de abundancia y prevalencia en las localidades de Maceo, Vegachí y Acandí y en los ofidios Leptodeira septentrionalis

Diversity of Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera:Meliponini) Used in Meliponiculture in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nates Parra, Guiomar; Rosso Londono, Juan Manuel

2013-01-01

There are close to 120 species of native stingless bees in Colombia, many of them with important uses and meanings for diverse social and cultural groups. The stingless beekeeping (meliponiculture) is an activity in process of growth and technification in Latin America and other regions, but there are a little information about their characteristics and development in Colombia. Through information collected by interviews to 75 stingless beekeepers of 16 departments of Colombia, 25 species of stingless bees were identified, grouped in 12 genera. Approximately nine more uncertain species were also found, four new records for the country are presented, and geographical distribution, urban beekeeping and vernacular names reported. The characteristics of most common cultivated genera (Tetragonisca, Melipona, Paratrigona, Scaptotrigona and Nannotrigona) are presented, and the importance of the link between biological and cultural diversity revealed in vernacular names, are discussed. Facing a growing of meliponiculture in the world, some research needs and risks for the conservation and management of the diversity of stingless bees and related knowledge are remarked.

Plan Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noam Chomsky

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Colombia recibe más ayuda militar de Estados Unidos que el resto de América Latina y el Caribe unidos, y esta situación puede profundizarse con la ejecución del Plan Colombia, fundamentado en la lucha antidrogas. Sin embargo, el pais ha sido calificado con el récord en violación de derechos humanos. En este contexto se aplica la reforma económica más significativa en la década de los noventa, generando condicionantes en los procesos de integración con sus vecinos. En concordancia con el secretario de Defensa, Henry Stimson, desde los años 60 Estados Unidos estaba autorizado para controlar su propio sistema regional, mientras todos los demás intenlos serian desmantelados. La presentación ambigua de esta política del gobierno estadounidense en Colombia es cómo disociar esta guerra contra la droga y la lucha irregular contrainsurgente En Estados Unidos hay otra opinión que debe conocerse para comprender las divergencias en e! interior de dicho país. Este artículo del prestigioso profesor universitario del MU, Noam Chomsky, es un referente obligado en términos de opinión pública y académica de dimensión internacional, por el inmenso respeto que infunde tanto en América como en Europa

New Records of Bee Genera (Hymenoptera: Apoidea from Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor H. González

2006-07-01

Full Text Available The solitary bee genera Lophothygater Moure y Michener (Apidae, Eucerini and Tapinotaspoides Moure (Apidae, Tapinotaspidini are reported from northern Colombia for the first time. These genera were previously known from the central Brazilian Amazonian and Argentina and Paraguay, respectively.

Frogs from the Leeward group, Venezuela and eastern Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brongersma, L.D.

1948-01-01

The present notes deal with a small collection of frogs that was made by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK during his visits to the islands of the Leeward Group, Venezuela and Eastern Colombia. I have included in this study the specimens of Pleurodema brachyops (Cope) already present in the Rijksmuseum van

Land Reform and Conflict Resolution in Colombia

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Nieswiadomy, Mark

2003-01-01

One of the leading arguments explaining the current rural conflict in Colombia is that it stems from deeply rooted peasant grievances over lack of land, As is true in much of Latin America, Colombia...

United States Strategy in Colombia: New Opportunities

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Roberts, Lee C

2003-01-01

.... Despite decades of U.S. support to the Government of Colombia, the troika of guerrilla insurgency, civil disorder by paramilitaries, and illegal drug activities has brought Colombia close to becoming a failed State. U.S...

Residuos de insecticidas organoclorados presentes en leche cruda comercializada en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia

OpenAIRE

Díaz Pongutá Basilio; Lans Ceballos Edineldo; Barrera Violeth José Luis

2012-01-01

En el estudio se determinaron residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados en leche cruda proveniente de hatos lecheros del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Durante el procedimiento de extracción se utilizó una columna de tierra de diatomeas y como sistema eluyente una mezcla de n-hexano-acetona- acetato de etilo (4:2:1), seguida de metanol al 5% en hexano. Para la determinación se usó un cromató- grafo de gases Perkin Elmer, Autosystem XL con detector captura de electrones, en modo de i...

77 FR 59064 - United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-26

...-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland... Trade Promotion Agreement entered into by the United States and the Republic of Colombia. DATES: Interim...-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (``CTPA'' or ``Agreement''), and on June 28, 2007, the Parties signed a...

Malaria mortality in Colombia, 1979-2008 Mortalidad por paludismo en Colombia, 1979-2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio Padilla

2012-04-01

Full Text Available

Introduction. In Colombia, malaria represents a serious public health problem. It is estimated that approximately 60% of the population is at risk of the disease.
Objective. To describe the mortality trends for malaria in Colombia, from 1979 to 2008.
Materials and methods. A descriptive study to determine the trends of the malaria mortality was carried out. The information sources used were databases of registered deaths and population projections from 1979 to 2008 of the National Statistics Department. The indicator used was the mortality rate. The trend was analyzed by join point regression.
Results. Six thousands nine hundred and sixty five deaths caused by malaria were certified for an age-adjusted rate of 0.74 deaths/100.000 inhabitants for the study period. In 74.3% of the deaths, the parasite species was not mentioned. The trend in the mortality rate showed a statistically significant decreasing behavior, which was lower from the second half of the nineties as compared with that presented in the eighties.
Conclusions. The magnitude of mortality by malaria in Colombia is not high, in spite of the evident underreporting. A marked downward trend was observed between 1979 and 2008. The information obtained from death certificates, along with that of the public health surveillance system will allow to modify the recommendations and improve the implementation of preventive and control measures to further reduce the mortality caused by malaria.

Introducción. En Colombia, el paludismo representa un grave problema de salud pública. Se estima que, aproximadamente, 60 % de la población se encuentra en riesgo de enfermar o de morir por esta causa.
Objetivo. Describir la tendencia de la mortalidad por paludismo en Colombia desde 1979 hasta 2008.
Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo para determinar la tendencia de las tasas de mortalidad. Las fuentes de informaci

Notas sobre el género Anetanthus hieron. ex Benth. (Gesneriaceae en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernández Alonso José Luis

1995-06-01

Full Text Available The distribution in Colombia of Anetanthus (Gesneriaceae at one species with two subspecies in its territory is presented. One of this, new subspecies, is described and illustrated in this note.Se presenta la distribución en Colombia del género Anetanthus (Gesneriaceae, representado en el territorio por una especie con dos subespecies. Una de ellas, subespecie nueva, se describe e ilustra en esta nota.

The Colombia Seismological Network

Science.gov (United States)

Blanco Chia, J. F.; Poveda, E.; Pedraza, P.

2013-05-01

The latest seismological equipment and data processing instrumentation installed at the Colombia Seismological Network (RSNC) are described. System configuration, network operation, and data management are discussed. The data quality and the new seismological products are analyzed. The main purpose of the network is to monitor local seismicity with a special emphasis on seismic activity surrounding the Colombian Pacific and Caribbean oceans, for early warning in case a Tsunami is produced by an earthquake. The Colombian territory is located at the South America northwestern corner, here three tectonic plates converge: Nazca, Caribbean and the South American. The dynamics of these plates, when resulting in earthquakes, is continuously monitored by the network. In 2012, the RSNC registered in 2012 an average of 67 events per day; from this number, a mean of 36 earthquakes were possible to be located well. In 2010 the network was also able to register an average of 67 events, but it was only possible to locate a mean of 28 earthquakes daily. This difference is due to the expansion of the network. The network is made up of 84 stations equipped with different kind of broadband 40s, 120s seismometers, accelerometers and short period 1s sensors. The signal is transmitted continuously in real-time to the Central Recording Center located at Bogotá, using satellite, telemetry, and Internet. Moreover, there are some other stations which are required to collect the information in situ. Data is recorded and processed digitally using two different systems, EARTHWORM and SEISAN, which are able to process and share the information between them. The RSNC has designed and implemented a web system to share the seismological data. This innovative system uses tools like Java Script, Oracle and programming languages like PHP to allow the users to access the seismicity registered by the network almost in real time as well as to download the waveform and technical details. The coverage

Reflexiones sobre una etnografía feminista del Software Libre en Colombia Insights on a feminist ethnography of the Free Software community in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tania Pérez Bustos

2010-08-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo muestra las reflexiones etnográficas de una investigadora que indaga sobre el rol de un grupo de mujeres dentro de la comunidad del Software Libre en Colombia. Particularmente se problematizan las maneras en que la práctica etnográfica, desde las perspectivas feministas, contribuye en la (reconstrucción del género como una categoría analítica en las realidades sociales que estudia.The article presents the ethnographic insights of a woman researcher that investigates the role of a group of women inside the Free Software community in Colombia. Particularly the article questions how the ethnographic practice, from a feminist perspective, contributes to the (reconstruction of gender as an analytical category on the social realities it studies.

Clave ilustrada para la identificación de géneros de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Medina Claudia Alejandra

2000-12-01

Full Text Available In Colombia the dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are represented by approximately 34 genera and 380 species. Although this group of insects is the subject of numerous ecological studies in Colombia, there is no appropriate literature for the identification of the included taxa. An illustrated key for the identification of the genera of dung beetles known from Colombia is presented.En Colombia los escarabajos coprófagos de la subfamilia Scarabaeinae están representados por aproximadamente 34 géneros y 380 especies. A pesar de que este grupo de insectos está siendo objeto de múltiples estudios ecológicos en el país, no se cuenta con literatura apropiada para la identificación de los taxones incluidos. Este trabajo presenta una clave ilustrada para la identificación de los géneros de escarabajos coprófagos presentes en Colombia.

Analysis of Dynamic Complexity of the Cyber Security Ecosystem of Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angélica Flórez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This paper presents two proposals for the analysis of the complexity of the Cyber security Ecosystem of Colombia (CEC. This analysis shows the available knowledge about entities engaged in cyber security in Colombia and the relationships between them, which allow an understanding of the synergy between the different existing components. The complexity of the CEC is detailed from the view of the Influence Diagram of System Dynamics and the Domain Diagram of Software Engineering. The resulting model makes cyber security evident as a strategic component of national security.

Impulsando el protagonismo de las mujeres en el proceso de paz de Colombia

OpenAIRE

Garrido López, Julia; Vidal Hernandis, Consuelo

2018-01-01

[EN] This paper presents the main work lines carried out by Atelier NGDO in order to make the role of Colombian women and women’s organisations in the peacebuilding process visible. Currently, Colombia is moving forward in its peace progress, and the participatory initiatives undertaken by women’s organisations can be critically important for achieving the peace with social and gender justice. At the same time, the Colombia’s peace process must be considered as a global public good and the in...

Los hongos de Colombia - V: Laternea Triscapa y Calostoma Cinnabarina en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dumont Kent P.

1978-12-01

Full Text Available En desarrollo de un programa conjunto del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, el Instituto Coiombiano Agropecuario y el Jardín Botánico de Nueva York, se han realizado colecciones micológicas en diversos sitios de Colombia. Como resultado de recientes viajes fueron halladas dos raras e interesantes especies(por lo menos para los trópicos de Gasteromycetes, que constituyen un primer registro para el país. Por lo cual el presente artículo hace referencia a estas colecciones y a su ubicación general dentro de la Clase.

FIRST RECORD OF THE AMAZON LILY Eucharis sanderi (AMARYLLIDACEAE) FOR ISLA GORGONA, COLOMBIA

OpenAIRE

Yusti-Muñoz, Ana Paola; Velandia-Perilla, Jorge H.

2013-01-01

The amazon lily Eucharis sanderi is a rare species endemic to western Colombia, with few locality records known. We documented the occurrence of the species for the first time on Isla Gorgona, near the Pacific coast of Colombia, based on a specimen collected in May, 2011. Isla Gorgona is an important protected area for the conservation of threatened species such as E. sanderi. We recommend that research be conducted to determine the conservation status of the population of this species on the...

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RICKETTSIOSES RESEARCH IN COLOMBIA (1917-1943), LUIS B. PATIÑO CAMARGO

Science.gov (United States)

FACCINI-MARTÍNEZ, Álvaro A.; BOTERO-GARCÍA, Carlos A.; HIDALGO, Marylin

2016-01-01

Colombian physician Luis Benigno Patiño Camargo was one of the pioneers in the study of rickettsioses in South America, demonstrating for the first time in Colombia the presence of Rickettsia rickettsii as the etiological agent of a highly deadly exanthematic febrile syndrome in the 1930s. However, Patiño-Camargo performed other investigations from 1917-1943, which represent the first descriptions and scientific evidence of the presence of R. prowazekii and R. typhi in Colombia. Almost 60 years after the latest research conducted by Dr. Patiño-Camargo, rickettsioses were again a matter of interest and research. In the last decade over 20 research studies have been published, showing new endemic areas for R. rickettsii, as well as the description of new rickettsial species in Colombia. PMID:27074327

Fatal septicemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a child from Colombia Septicemia mortal causada por Chromobacterium violaceum en una paciente pediátrica de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Martinez

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A 4-year old child living in Colombia presented with a history of fever and severe abdominal pain for four days. The patient developed pneumonia, septic shock, multiple organ failure and died on the fifth day of hospitalization. Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from admission blood cultures and was resistant to ampicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems and aminoglycosides.Una niña de 4 años que vivía en Colombia presentó historia de fiebre y dolor abdominal severo por cuatro días. La paciente desarrollo neumonía, shock séptico, múltiple falla de órganos y muerte el quinto día de hospitalización. Chromobacterium violaceum fue aislado de cultivos de sangre y mostró resistencia a ampicilina, cefalosporinas, carbapenems y aminoglicosidos.

Natural radioactivity measurements in the central region of Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cortes, M. L.; Mendoza, E. F.; Cristancho, F.

2009-01-01

The natural radionuclides 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K are the most important γ ray emitters present in the earth crust and its concentration depends mainly on the processes of mineralization and geological formation that occur in nature. The determination of such concentrations is important because it allow us to know the radiation exposure of human beings in different regions and thus monitor the dose levels received by the population. In this work the concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K for two different places in the central region of Colombia are presented. The obtained values for 238 U concentration are between 20 and 30 ppm, for 232 Th between 70 and 130 ppm and for 40 K between 5 - 7 %. These values are comparable with other works, but further measurements are needed to characterize the radionuclides concentrations in Colombia. (Author)

Plan Colombia: The View from the Presidential Palace

Science.gov (United States)

2001-05-01

la violencia , in which liberals and conservatives kill each other in order to seize control of the government. Of course, there have been efforts to...Colombia for some 40 years. I have been in the Colombian Senate for 8 years. I’ve traveled all over Colombia. I’ve been familiar with Colombia’s...country because of la violencia in the early Fifties. Colombia, since the end of that unfortunate turn, has enjoyed a robust democratic system under which

Historical Painting and Portraits of Independence Heroes in Colombia during the Nineteenth Century: Lack of Public Support and Importance of Private Initiatives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santiago Robledo Páez

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In this article we study historical painting and portraits of founding fathers and independence heroes produced in Colombia during the 19th century. These paintings have usually been analyzed from iconographic and iconological perspectives; however, they are presented here as cultural objects that undergo specific production, diffusion, reception and appropriation processes. To shine some light on these topics, we examined different document collections from the General Archive of the Nation (Colombia and the Historical Archive of the National Museum (Colombia, as well as the press and legislation of the time. It was found that the minimal state support of pictorial production would have discouraged the elaboration of historical paintings in Colombia. We discovered that although portrait painting was occasionally encouraged by the Government throughout the 19th century, most of the portraits were the result of private initiatives. This situation, however, didn’t prevent their exhibition in public spaces and an increase in their circulation. In conclusion, the absence of wide ranging projects for an official production of that type of paintings leads us to relativize the role of representation in the creation of Colombia’s national narrative, particularly in the National Museum.

CONTRARREFORMA EDUCATIVA EN COLOMBIA.(EDUCATION COUNTER-REFORM IN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renan Vega Cantor

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de éste texto es presentar los resultados de un estudio realizado sobre las transformaciones que en las dos últimas décadas ha sufrido la universidad colombiana, en la perspectiva de mostrar un contexto histórico más amplio que vaya más allá de lo puramente coyuntural. En este texto se estudian cuatro aspectos: en primer término, se recuerdan algunas características del neoliberalismo educativo y la manera cómo se vincula con el capitalismo en Colombia; en segundo lugar, se examina cómo ha operado el neoliberalismo en la universidad colombiana en las dos últimas décadas, relacionando como punto de partida el gasto militar y el gasto educativo; posteriormente, se analiza el Proyecto de Ley 112; y, por último, se señalan algunos aspectos sobre el movimiento de protesta contra ese proyecto.AbstractThe main objective of this text is to present the results of a study on the transformations that in the last two decades has undergone the Colombian University, in the perspective of showing a broader historical context which goes beyond purely cyclical transformations. This text explores four aspects: firstly, some characteristics of the educational neoliberalism are addressed and the way how it is linked with capitalism in Colombia; secondly, it examines how neoliberalism has operated in the Colombian University in the last two decades, relating as a starting point the military spending and the education spending; subsequently, the Bill n° 112 is analyzed; and, finally, some aspects of the movement of protest against this project are identified.

NEW AND NOTEWORTHY BIRD RECORDS FROM THE EAST SLOPE OF THE ANDES OF COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SALAMAN PAUL G.W.

2002-06-01

Full Text Available We present significant new information on the distribution and status of 138 speciesof birds from the Andean East Slope of Colombia, based upon fieldwork between1990 and 2000 at 28 sites from central Dpto. Boyacá south to the Ecuador border.The first Colombian specimens of two species (Campylopterus villaviscensio, NapoSabrewing; Myrmotherula spodionota, Foothill Antwren are reported. Three othertaxa (Ocreatus underwoodii addae, Piculus leucolaemus leucolaemus andMyiophobus p. phoenicomitra, the first two sometimes considered species distinctfrom known Colombian forms, represent first reports from Colombia based uponsightings or photographs; we add several more sightings of two species (Pipreolachlorolepidota, Iridisornis analis previously known from single sight records. Inall, we report 35 species from the Andean East Slope of Colombia for the first time,southward range extensions on this slope for 47 species, northward extensions for21, upward or downward altitudinal extensions for 19, filling in of major discontinuitiesin distribution for 22; for ten of the latter, known from very few reports, new informationindicates a continuous distribution and far greater abundance than previouslysupposed. Range extensions and previously undiscovered populations of severalrestricted-range, Vulnerable, Near-threatened and Threatened species help toemphasize the importance of implementing conservation measures in the face of the increasing colonization pressures and insecurity. Based on our observations, wepresent several recommendations for setting conservation priorities in this rich butstill relatively poorly known region.

Ética filosófica en Colombia. 1990-2000

OpenAIRE

Palacio, Martha

2005-01-01

El siguiente artículo presenta las conclusiones de la investigación realizada sobre la ética filosófica en la última década del siglo XX en Colombia. Dentro del proyecto investigativo de la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bogotá, Colombia, orientado al estudio y análisis de la historia de las ideas en América latina y Colombia, la investigación llevada a cabo buscó definir y aclarar el lugar que ocupa la ética filosófica en la historia de las ideas en Colombia. Para tal...

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA - El proceso de paz en sala de emergencia

OpenAIRE

Neira Fernández, Enrique

2007-01-01

Observatorio de Política Internacional I. COLOMBIA (Neira Fernández, Enrique) RECIENTES Año 2008 Colombia. Cerca el fin del paramilitarismo Colombia. Cerca el fin de las Farc Colombia. Conflicto armado y desarrollo humano Colombia. Política exterior Colombia. Inicia el 2008 con buen pie Año 2007 Colombia. Tras las pasadas elecciones Colombia. El espectro de las próximas elecciones Colombia. La garrocha de Uribe Colombia. III Parapolíticos Colombia. II...

75 FR 22207 - Importation of Papayas From Colombia and Ecuador

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-28

.... APHIS-2008-0050] RIN 0579-AC95 Importation of Papayas From Colombia and Ecuador AGENCY: Animal and Plant... Colombia and Ecuador into the continental United States. The conditions for the importation of papayas from Colombia and Ecuador include requirements for field sanitation, hot water treatment, and fruit fly trapping...

War in Colombia testimonial literature: between memory, culture, violence and literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Eduardo Suárez Gómez

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Colombia may be characterized as a society ruled over by “a routinization of war and oblivion”. When memories about violent events succeed in articulate themselves and transcend the private space, they are not necessarily incorporated to national memory through “memory policies” in transitional processes. These memories are “deposited” rather than discussed. Testimonial literature is one of those “deposits”. There are times when certain topics, witnesses, authors and narrative treatments attain an unexpected relevance. Such a relevance follows national factors, like the dynamics of conflict and society in Colombia and abroad, such as a “turn to past”. When making a survey across the development of the testimonial genre from mid-20th century Violence up to our times, the gravitation of several cultures of memory is made evident in a society where oblivion appears to prevail.

Eight new species of Gomphichis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae) from Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nowak, S.; Szlachetko, D.L.; Mytnik-Ejsmont, J.; Cleef, A.M.

2014-01-01

Eight new species of the genus Gomphichis from Colombia are described. Each species is illustrated, and detailed habitat and distribution data are provided. A distribution map of the new species is presented. A dichotomous key for determination of the Gomphichis species in northern South America is

Silencios. Visual memory of the Holocaust in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena Cardona González

2017-01-01

complexity to produce an image in a context of pain; the second, taking into account the work of Michael Pollak, focuses on how memory becomes an essential component of identity, and although this is traumatic, their times, enunciations and hearings suffer postponements, suppression and concealments. These components enable a regard toward the memory of the Holocaust in Colombia

El docente ante el avance del ciberperiodismo en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elias Said

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza cómo es entendido el ciberperiodismo por los docentes de las Facultades de ComunicaciónSocial y Periodismo en Colombia. Los resultados aquí presentados, parten del proyecto de investigaciónde carácter explicativo, titulado “El Ciberperiodismo desde las Facultades de Comunicación Social y Periodismo enColombia”, finalizado en el segundo semestre de 2009, realizado desde la Universidad del Norte (Colombia. Los datosexpuestos aquí, parten del desarrollo y análisis de 63 encuestas en línea, respondidas por docentes de estas facultades,durante el trimestre I de 2009; de un total de 865 docentes identificados de 29 Universidades, adscritas a AFACOM2.En este trabajo se muestra como la definición de “ciberperiodismo” que tienen los docentes es de carácter operativo;así como también, la baja percepción en ellos y la pertinencia de la enseñanza dada en Colombia para el ejercicio delciberperiodismo, y por último, los factores que inciden en el desarrollo de la profesión en Colombia. Estos resultadosnos llevan a concluir que, pese a la creciente importancia del ciberperiodismo, es poco comprensible en los docentesun concepto que abarque todo lo que este término encierra; y que la promoción o no de estrategias que permitan eldesarrollo de factores profesionales, ontológicos, participativos y tecnológicos, relacionados con el ciberperiodismo,terminarán incidiendo en su presencia o no en el escenario comunicativo colombiano.

Oral cancer in Cali, Colombia: a population-based analysis of incidence and mortality trends.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dora Ordóñez

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objective. To describe the time trends of the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer (OC in Cali, Colombia between 1962-2007. Materials and methods. Age-standardized (Segi’s world population incidence (ASIR and mortality (ASMR rates for oral cancer were estimated using data from the Population-based Cancer Registry of Cali, Colombia and from the database of the Municipal Secretary of Public Health (MSPH respectively. Annual percentage change (APC was used to measure the changes in rates over time. Results. 1 637 new cases of oral cancer were registered in the CPCR and the mean age upon diagnosis was 60 years. The ASIR decreased from 1962-2007 in men APC= 1.3 (IC95%:-2.0; -0.6 and women APC= -1.0 (IC95%: -1.7; -0.4.The ASMR decreased from 1984-2001 only in men, APC=2.8 (IC95%: -4.1; -1.5. Conclusions. There was a significant decrease in the incidence and mortality rates for OC in Cali, Colombia. The type of tumor associated to these changes was the squamous cell carcinoma

[Oral cancer in Cali, Colombia: a population-based analysis of incidence and mortality trends].

Science.gov (United States)

Ordóñez, Dora; Aragón, Natalia; García, Luz Stella; Collazos, Paola; Bravo, Luis Eduardo

2014-01-01

To describe the time trends of the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer (OC) in Cali, Colombia between 1962-2007. Age-standardized (Segi's world population) incidence (ASIR) and mortality (ASMR) rates for oral cancer were estimated using data from the Population-based Cancer Registry of Cali, Colombia and from the database of the Municipal Secretary of Public Health (MSPH) respectively. Annual percentage change (APC) was used to measure the changes in rates over time. 1637 new cases of oral cancer were registered in the CPCR and the mean age upon diagnosis was 60 years. The ASIR decreased from 1962-2007 in men APC= 1.3 (IC95%:-2.0; -0.6) and women APC= -1.0 (IC95%: -1.7; -0.4).The ASMR decreased from 1984-2001 only in men, APC=2.8 (IC95%: -4.1; -1.5). There was a significant decrease in the incidence and mortality rates for OC in Cali, Colombia. The type of tumor associated to these changes was the squamous cell carcinoma.

Subsidized childcare and child development in Colombia: effects of Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar as a function of timing and length of exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Bernal, Raquel; Fernández, Camila

2013-11-01

Rigorous evidence regarding the impact of early care and education on children's development comes primarily from high-income nations. A few studies from Latin America and the Caribbean have identified benefits of conditional cash transfer and home visiting programs on children's development. However, there is still controversy around the impact and cost-effectiveness of childcare approaches. Further research is needed to understand how scaled-up childcare settings may support the development of low-income children in Latin America. To that end, the present study sought to identify the effects of exposure to a subsidized childcare program in Colombia on children's nutritional status, cognitive and socioemotional development. This community-based program, known as Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar (HCB), serves 800 thousand low-income children under age 6, delivering home-based childcare, supplementary nutrition, and psychosocial stimulation. We analyzed data on 10,173 program beneficiary children (ages 3-6) collected in 2007. We compared beneficiary children who had been in the program for a long time with beneficiary children who had been in the program for a month or less, by age group, to estimate program exposure effects. We used a matching estimator to correct for self-selection into different exposure levels. Results indicated that cognitive development improved 0.15 to 0.3 of a standard deviation (SD) after at least 15 months of exposure for children between 3 and 6 years of age. Socioemotional skills improved 0.12 to 0.3 SD for children older than 3 after at least 15 months of program exposure. No significant gains were found for nutritional status. The estimated benefit-cost ratio ranged from 1.0 to 2.7, depending upon varying discount rates. Findings lend support for a potentially effective strategy to promote the development of low-income children in Colombia and other developing nations. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Processing of visually presented clock times.

Science.gov (United States)

Goolkasian, P; Park, D C

1980-11-01

The encoding and representation of visually presented clock times was investigated in three experiments utilizing a comparative judgment task. Experiment 1 explored the effects of comparing times presented in different formats (clock face, digit, or word), and Experiment 2 examined angular distance effects created by varying positions of the hands on clock faces. In Experiment 3, encoding and processing differences between clock faces and digitally presented times were directly measured. Same/different reactions to digitally presented times were faster than to times presented on a clock face, and this format effect was found to be a result of differences in processing that occurred after encoding. Angular separation also had a limited effect on processing. The findings are interpreted within the framework of theories that refer to the importance of representational codes. The applicability to the data of Bank's semantic-coding theory, Paivio's dual-coding theory, and the levels-of-processing view of memory are discussed.

UN ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE LAS MIGRACIONES INTERNAS EN COLOMBIA (2000-2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ADRIANA CAROLINA SILVA ARIAS

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este documento es realizar un análisis espacial acerca de la dinámica de las migraciones internas recientes en Colombia; en específico durante el periodo del 2000-2005 con base en información censal. Así, se identifica mediante un modelo gravitacional que los flujos migratorios inter-departamentales en Colombia se dirigieron hacia los departamentos más poblados, con mayores ingresos y con tradición migratoria. En adición, se encuentra que durante este mismo periodo Guaviare fue el departamento donde se presentó una mayor probabilidad de emigrar y hacia las zonas vecinas; por otro lado, Antioquia fue el departamento donde se presentó menor probabilidad de emigrar.

Medición del comercio intraindustrial Colombia - Estados Unidos 1995-2005

OpenAIRE

Caicedo Marulanda, Carolina

2010-01-01

Este documento analiza la existencia de comercio intraindustrial entre Colombia y Estados Unidos, usando la información contenida en la base de datos BACI del CEPII para el periodo comprendido entre 1995 y 2005. La pertinencia de establecer una medición de los flujos de comercio intraindustrial entre Colombia y Estados Unidos radica fundamentalmente en la importancia relativa que representa Estados Unidos como socio comercial para Colombia. El comercio bilateral entre Colombia y Estados c...

Bee pathogens found in Bombus atratus from Colombia: A case study.

Science.gov (United States)

Gamboa, Viviana; Ravoet, Jorgen; Brunain, Marleen; Smagghe, Guy; Meeus, Ivan; Figueroa, Judith; Riaño, Diego; de Graaf, Dirk C

2015-07-01

Bombus atratus bumblebees from Colombia that were caught in the wild and from breeding programs were screened for a broad set of bee pathogens. We discovered for the first time Lake Sinai Virus and confirmed the infection by other common viruses. The prevalence of Apicystis bombi, Crithidia bombi and Nosema ceranae was remarkably high. According to other studies the former two could have been co-introduced in South America with exotic bumble bees as Bombus terrestris or Bombus ruderatus. Given the fact that none of these species occur in Colombia, our data puts a new light on the spread of these pathogens over the South American continent. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Estrategias políticas para el tratamiento de las drogas ilegales en Colombia / Political Strategies for Treating Illegal Drugs in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ebastián Quintero

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Para la década del noventa, la institucionalidad en Colombia se encontraba vulnerada frente a grandes carteles que traficaban y comercializaban con narcóticos. Fue en este contexto en el cual surgió el Plan Colombia, estrategia para recuperar la institucionalidad, reducir los cultivos ilícitos de coca y amapola, debilitar la economía de los grupos ilegales insurgentes, y finalmente recuperar la confianza inversionista. Hoy 13 años después de implementado el Plan, los cultivos ilícitos han tenido una disminución pero persisten, el tráfico y el comercio de psicoactivos han mutado y el consumo se ha incrementado, por lo tanto se cuenta con una necesidad social manifiesta por abordajes que realmente procuren un desarrollo sostenible y que den respuesta a una demanda comunitaria por acciones que procuren la prevención, la atención, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de las personas, con servicios de salud adecuados. During the 1990's, institutionality in Colombia was negatively affected by large drug-dealing cartels. It was in this context where the Plan Colombia was born. This plan was a strategy to recover institutionality, reduce illegal coca and poppy plantations, weaken the economy of illegal insurgent groups, and restore investor confidence. Today, 13 years after the implementation of the Plan, the amount of illegal plantations has decreased. However they are still present, the traffic and trade of psychoactive substances have evolved, and consumption has increased. Therefore, there is now an evident societal need for strategies which address these issues that truly lead to sustainable development. Likewise, the community requires actions aimed at preventing this issue and promoting the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of those affected by this reality while providing adequate healthcare service

El voto electrónico en Colombia: análisis de viabilidad de su implementación

OpenAIRE

Mendoza Suarez, Carmen Rosa

2016-01-01

La implementación del voto electrónico en Colombia, mandato legal originado en la Ley 892 de 2004 en desarrollo del artículo 258 de la Constitución Política de Colombia, es el tema del presente trabajo, en el cual se hace un compendio histórico de la evolución del voto en Colombia, pasando a establecer los avances en el cumplimiento de la llamada por muchos “Ley de Voto Electrónico”, haciendo un recorrido por las actividades realizadas por la Organización Electoral, en especial, por la Regis...

Snakes from the Leeward Group, Venezuela and eastern Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brongersma, L.D.

1940-01-01

Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck entrusted me with the study of the snakes, which he collected during his trips to the islands off the north coast of Venezuela, to the Venezuelan mainland, and to eastern Colombia. In the present paper the species collected by Dr. Hummelinck are listed with data on scale

U.S. Support to Plan Colombia: A Heading Check

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Buckley, Kevin

2004-01-01

.... For some Latin American countries like Colombia these ideals fall quite short of reality. Colombia is plagued by internal problems which restrict its ability to adequately govern its population and territory...

Élite(s e indianidad en Colombia: retos de democracia en contexto de multiculturalismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virginie Laurent

2016-05-01

Full Text Available This article proposes a reflection on the articulation between Colombian elites and indigenousness based on two processes that have reflected a democratic opening in this country: official recognition since 1991 of the fact that Colombia is a diverse nation, and the insertion of indigenous political forces into the electoral arena. More specifically, the article places emphasis on the elites’ perception of indigenous people from colonial times to the present day. At the same time, it focuses on the rise of public figures that can be considered a —new— indigenous elite, whose action confronts expressions of power and authorities that are considered communal and traditional.

The public health context of violence in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Garfield, Richard; Llanten Morales, Claudia Patricia

2004-10-01

Among the countries of the Americas, Colombia has the highest level of deaths due to homicides and armed conflict. The objective of this research was to combine and contrast information from various sources on deaths due to violence in Colombia in order to identify major trends in violence in the country and to compare those trends with those in other nations of the Americas. We drew together information from a wide array of sources, including the Government of Colombia, Colombian forensic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and international research centers. We considered the impact of the violence on mortality as well as in such areas as nonfatal injuries, displacement of persons, and kidnappings. While there have been many deaths in Colombia directly related to military conflict, there have been many more deaths and injuries as an indirect result of war. The highest levels of deaths directly related to violence occurred during the 1990-1995 period. Although deaths due directly to armed conflict declined in the late 1990s, the related events of kidnappings and displacement did not. Efforts to reduce the violence-related suffering in Colombia must consider both direct and indirect causes of mortality as well as nonfatal outcomes such as kidnappings and displacement.

The mobile marketing in Colombia- its current situation and projection Year 2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orlando Martínez Gómez

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Rev.esc.adm.neg El mercadeo móvil ha avanzado vertiginosamente a nivel mundial, porque los canales de comunicación logran llegar efectivamente a la población objetivo. Es por esta razón, que el área de mercadeo puede conocer y aprovechar las características personales de las comunicaciones móviles usadas. El incremento de la penetración celular, la innovación y desarrollo de los sistemas operativos, de las aplicaciones, de las tecnologías de datos, de los terminales como los Smartphones y las tabletas facilitan el crecimiento del uso tecnológico y del mercadeo móvil. Ante la percepción de que Colombia se encuentra rezagada en el uso del mercadeo móvil, el presente estudio buscó identificar el estado de desarrollo del esta estrategia a nivel mundial y de algunos aspectos de este en Colombia. Se seleccionaron fuentes secundarias de información sobre el contexto y las herramientas de Mercadeo Móvil en el mundo, sobre las alternativas ofertadas en Colombia, y después de identificar las principales empresas del ecosistema de mobile marketing en Colombia les fue aplicada una encuesta semi-estructurada para conocer algunas de sus características y logros en este sector. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, encontramos que actualmente el Mobile Marketing en Colombia presenta barreras relacionadas con la composición del mercado de telecomunicaciones, donde un operador dominante impone tarifas y reglas de comercialización desiguales.

New departmental records for Digitonthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Noriega, Jorge Ari; Moreno, Juliana; Otavo, Samuel; Castano, Eduardo

2012-01-01

The introduced dung beetle Digitonthophagus Gazella was reported for the Caribbean Region of Colombia in the 90's. During a survey carried out along the Magdalena River, new records of the presence of this species were found in the departments of Boyaca, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Santander and Tolima for the first time.

[Tobacco control: an intersectorial experience in Tunja (Colombia)].

Science.gov (United States)

Panader-Torres, Adriana; Agudelo-Cely, Nancy Aurora; Bolívar-Suárez, Yolima; Cárdenas-Cárdenas, Luz Mery

2014-01-01

Tobacco control in Colombia is regulated by Law 1335 of 2009. The implementation and monitoring of the provisions of this law require strengthening of intersectorial work at the local level. This field note presents an intersectorial work experience that was carried out in the municipality of Tunja (Colombia) to improve tobacco control. The Respirarte Group was established. This group consists of an intersectorial team composed of 15 institutions. The Respirarte Group achieved the following political and community actions: signing of an agreement on tobacco control by government actors, expedition of a local decree to comply with Law 1335 in the municipality, provision of information and communication, and social mobilization and monitoring. This experience serves as a national and international reference and its lessons could be used in the approach to other public health problems. Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Gases emissions of Green house Effect in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez B, Fabio

1999-01-01

Colombia when signing the agreement mark of the united nations for the global change in 1992 and to ratify it in 1996 committed, together with the other signatory countries, to elaborate and to publish national inventories of anthropogenic emissions of green house gases and plans for its reduction and control. In this reference mark a group of professionals inside the Colombian academy of exact, physical and natural sciences, began in July of 1995, the national inventory of greenhouse gases for Colombia, having the approval of the ministry of the environment, the financial support of the organization of German technical cooperation GTZ and the technical consultantship of the work group that it is carrying out the study in the case of Venezuela. This article presents a summary of the results of the project, making emphasis in the main anthropogenic activities responsible for these emissions, especially those related with the energetic sector

Ethnomathematics in Colombia: a program in construction La Etnomatemática en Colombia: un programa en construcción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hilbert Blanco Alvarez

2008-02-01

Full Text Available The various studies in ethnomathematics carried out in Colombia have generally been isolated and little known in the mathematical community, although they constitute a starting point and a fundamental axis for the consolidation of these reflections in the country. The objectives of the present study are: to gather together the history of Colombian ethnomathematics, to characterize the different ways to approach these studies in the country, and to present the different universities, research groups, study groups and networks that at are currently carrying out studies and investigations in ethnomathematics. Keywords: Ethnomathematics. Indigenous Mathematics. Mathematics Education of I Iliterate Peoples.Los distintos trabajos de investigación en etnomatemática realizados en Colombia han sido generalmente aislados, y poco reconocidos en la comunidad matemática, sin embargo constituyen un punto de partida y un eje fundamental para la consolidación de estas reflexiones en el país. El presente trabajo tiene como propósitos: recoger la historia de la etnomatemática colombiana, caracterizar las diferentes maneras de abordar estos estudios en el país y presentar las distintas universidades, grupos de investigación, grupos de estudio y redes que actualmente realizan estudios e investigaciones en etnomatemática. Palabras Claves: Etnomatemática. Matemática Indígena. Educación Matemática de Personas Analfabetas.

International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) orientation phase mission report: Colombia. February - March 1980

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cameron, J.; Meunier, A.R.; Tauchid, M.

1980-01-01

The basic objective of IUREP is to 'review the present body of knowledge pertinent to the existence of uranium resources, to review and evaluate the potential for discovery of additional uranium resources, and to suggest new exploration efforts which might be carried out in promising new areas in collaboration with the countries concerned'. Following the initial bibliographic study, which formed Phase I of IUREP, it was envisaged that a further assessment in co-operation with the country in question would lead to a better delineation of areas of high potential and a more reliable estimate as to the degree of favourability for the discovery of additional uranium resources. It was planned that such work would be accomplished through field missions to the country and that these field missions and the resulting report would constitute the IUREP Orientation Phase. The purpose of the Orientation Mission to Colombia was (i) to develop a better understanding of the uranium potential of the country, (ii) to delineate areas favourable for the discovery of speculative uranium resources, (iii) to make recommendations, as appropriate, on the best methods for evaluating the favourable areas, operating procedures and estimated possible costs, (iv) to develop the logistical data required to carry out any possible further work, and (v) to compile a report that would be immediately available to the Colombian authorities. Uranium exploration in Colombia is of very recent date, with the majority of activities getting under way only after 1970. In spite of the limited work that has been done, however, over 1300 radioactive anomalies have been recorded. The total number of uranium mineral occurrences resulting from follow-up work is still very small, and some are unusual in world terms. Topographic and geographic conditions in Colombia make geological and exploration work very difficult and costly, especially in the Cordilleras and the Interior Zone (Llanos Orientales). There are, at

Natalidad y fecundidad, Colombia, 2001

OpenAIRE

León A, Alba Luz; Ocampo A, Leidy Johanna; Spath P, Doris Estella; Agudelo G, Héctor Byron; Grisales R, Hugo

2006-01-01

Se presenta la natalidad, la fecundidad y los nacimientos vivos en Colombia en el año 2001 con base en la totalidad de los registros de nacidos vivos del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (dane) (724.236). La población de Colombia, calculada a mitad de período, se dividió en ocho categorías de municipios de acuerdo con el tamaño poblacional, según la Ley 617/2001. No se presentaron diferencias importantes entre las variables afines a las características del recién nacido po...

Descubrir el universo desde Colombia

OpenAIRE

Duque Escobar, Gonzalo

2009-01-01

Los dos hechos científicos más relevantes en la corta historia de Colombia, son la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada y la Misión Corográfica. Hoy cuando los astrónomos, entre otros asuntos que se ubican en la frontera del conocimiento, intentan conocer la geometría del espacio, la naturaleza de la materia oscura y los misterios del tiempo, en Colombia nuestros científicos tienen pendiente entre otros aportes para la construcción de la Nación, apoyar tareas fundamentales y es...

TLC Estados Unidos – Colombia: oportunidades de negocio en el sector cervecero colombiano

OpenAIRE

Loaiza Saa, Isabella; Hernández Rojas, Gustavo Andrés

2014-01-01

El presente trabajo analiza el sector cervecero colombiano y las oportunidades de importación de cerveza artesanal generadas por el TLC Estados Unidos- Colombia. También se describe la relación comercial entre Colombia y Estados Unidos durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2013 junto con la inflación y la tasa de desempleo. Para finalizar se realiza un pronóstico de la demanda y un modelo de inventarios para el posible importador y se brindan sugerencias en cuanto a la distribu...

La regeneración en Antioquia, Colombia 1880-1903 : aspectos políticos

OpenAIRE

Ortiz Mesa, Luis Javier

1986-01-01

El presente trabajo pretende ofrecer un análisis particular de las principales transformaciones políticas de la región antioqueña durante el período 1.880-1.903. Este estudio impone para su desarrollo abordar un conjunto de factores ecoromicos, políticos y sociales del proceso general del país Colombiaro y de Antioquia durante el siglo XIX. Los estudios mas recientes sobre la Colombia del siglo pasado consideran que el siglo XIX fué una larga y perosa transición al capitalismo en Colombia, y ...

Colombia: A Country Under Constant Threat of Disasters

Science.gov (United States)

2014-05-22

Hydrological Map Source: El Clima Colombiano, “El Clima Colombiano, Ciclo Anual de Lluvias,” http://pwp.supercabletv.net.co/garcru/colombia/Colombia...a Global Risk Analysis. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2005. El Clima Colombiano. “El Clima Colombiano, Ciclo Anual de Lluvias.” http

Artrópodos Hematófagos del Río Raposo, Valle, Colombia: II - Culicidae Artrópodos Hematófagos del Río Raposo, Valle, Colombia: II - Culicidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barreto Pablo

1969-12-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una lista anotada de los mosquitos verdaderos, familia Culicidae, encontrados desde 1962 hasta 1966 en la zona del Río Raposo, en la Costa del Pacífico de Colombia, durante estudios sobre virus transmitidos por artrópodos. La familia está representada por 16 géneros conocidos previamente y otro nuevo para la ciencia. Estos géneros comprenden 87 especies con nombre. Para cada una se ofrece breve información sobre su método de captura, abundancia relativa y otros datos pertinentes. Las larvas o pupas de 41 especies conocidas se obtuvieron en diferentes tipos de criaderos. Por primera vez se registra en el país la presencia de 26 especies.  De 4.727 grupos de mosquitos inoculados en ratones para buscar virus hay 116 aislamientos positivos que se diseutir an en próximos trabajos.We present here an annotated list of mosquitoes of the family Culicidae collected from 1962 to 1966 in the Río Raposo region of the Pacific coast of Colombia, in the course of studies of arthropod-borne viruses.  There are included 86 named species of 16 previously known genera and one new genus and species being described in another paper. Forty-one species were reared from larvae and pupae collected in a variety of breeding places. Twenty-six species are recorded for the first time from Colombia.  For each species, notes on the method of collection, relative abundance and other pertaining data are given. Viruses were isolated from 116 of 4,727 mosquito pools processed. These agents will be the subject of other papers to he published.

Primer Registro de Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae en Colombia Record of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Everth Emilio Ebratt Ravelo

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Tamarixia radiata es un ectoparasitoide idiobionte de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae; la especie fue descrita a partir de material recogido en la India. Ha sido introducida en muchas regiones intencional o accidentalmente para el control biológico de D. citri, incluyendo algunos países asiáticos. Se sabe de su presencia en el sur de África y las Américas. En Suramérica, se reportó en Brasil, Argentina y ahora en Colombia.Tamarixia radiata is an ectoparasitoid idiobionte of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae; the species was described from material collected in India. It has been introduced in many regions intentionally or accidentally, to biological control of D. citri, including some Asian countries. It is know about its presence in southern Africa and the Americas. In South America, it is present in Brazil, Argentina and now in Colombia.

Energy scenarios for Colombia - Environmental Aspects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, Ricardo A; Vesga A, Daniel R; Boman, Ulf

2000-01-01

The planning unit of the Colombian ministry of energy -UPME -has done an energy scenario project for Colombia with a 20-year horizon (vision year 2020) in this project the scenario methodology was used in a systemic way involving a great number of local and international energy experts. As a result four energy scenarios were designed and in all of them the possible evolution of all energy was analyzed. In this article a description of the used methodology is presented with the developed scenarios. Also a discussion of the long-range future environmental considerations in the energy sector, taking into account the developed scenarios, is presented. Finally some conclusions and recommendations are presented

IDRC in Colombia

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

oceans, wastewater from poor urban com- munities could be treated and used to gener- ate energy. Mexican researchers lead the testing of wastewater treatment systems in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Honduras, and. Mexico to identify the most appropriate technologies. Alternative energy (through biogas) could eventually ...

Urban Violence Reduction and Citizen Security in Brazil, Colombia ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Urban Violence Reduction and Citizen Security in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and ... The work will be conducted in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and South Africa, which are ... Minister Bibeau announces appointments of IDRC's President and new ...

Queer English Language Teacher Identity: A Narrative Exploration in Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

Lander, Roderick

2018-01-01

This article presents partial results of research exploring links between language teacher identity and queer identity in English language teachers working in Colombia. Three gay male teachers participated in a narrative research project framed within a poststructural perspective on identity. I conducted and recorded semi-structured interviews…

Media in Colombia and the icing on conflict

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adelaida Nikolayeva

2016-04-01

Full Text Available It has sparked a broad discussion in Colombia on the role of the media in the historical conflict. In good time the ice on this subject, breaks taboo for decades, from the program Hora 20, of the radio station Caracol, one of the distinguished radial country houses, who dared to take the plunge and go to Havana to panelists include as spokespeople peace delegation FARC-EP

Blood parasites in birds of the eastern planes of Colombia (Villavicencio y San Miguel, Meta - Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Fandiño

2000-01-01

Full Text Available The study was carried out in the eastern plains from June to September 1999. The material wascollected in Villavicencio and San Miguel (Meta - Colombia. A total of 315 birds representing74 species of 23 families were examined for haematozoa. 50 birds harboured blood parasites.These included: Microfilariae(8.25%; Haemoproteus(6.67%; Plasmodiumand Trypanosoma(0.95% and Hepatozoon(0.32%. The prevalence of infection is this sample is low in comparisonto that recorded for Neartic birds as reported by Greiner et al. (1975; but higher than therecorded for neotropical region by White and coworkers (1978. The most striking aspect ofthis survey, is the high prevalence of Microfilariaecompared to that recorded elsewhere in theworld, almost 50% of the total infection. We hypothesize that microfilariaeare transmitted bya vector that is not utilized by either the haemoproteids or the plasmodiids. Finally 8 specieswere examined for blood parasites for the first time, 15 new host-parasite records for the worldand 15 new for Colombia were established from this sample. This survey and other similarstudies, clearly indicate that research on this topic is urgently required, particularly since thereare direct correlations between stress (e.g. from habitat destruction and pathogenicity ofhaematozoa to their bird hosts.

Barriers to combating human trafficking in Colombia

OpenAIRE

Wilcox, Daniel Joseph

2015-01-01

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Despite international and domestic policies and programs intended to combat human trafficking, Colombia remains one of the countries with the highest instances of human trafficking in the Western Hemisphere. Factors contributing to human trafficking in Colombia, such as internal violence and displacement, drug trafficking, a weak central government, and widespread corruption, have overpowered what energies the government marshaled agai...

Confirmation of Anopheles (Anopheles calderoni Wilkerson, 1991 (Diptera: Culicidae in Colombia and Ecuador through molecular and morphological correlation with topotypic material

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ranulfo González

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The morphologically similar taxa Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles punctimacula, Anopheles malefactor and Anopheles guarao are commonly misidentified. Isofamilies collected in Valle de Cauca, Colombia, showed morphological characters most similar to An. calderoni, a species which has never previously been reported in Colombia. Although discontinuity of the postsubcostal pale spots on the costa (C and first radial (R1 wing veins is purportedly diagnostic for An. calderoni, the degree of overlap of the distal postsubcostal spot on C and R1 were variable in Colombian specimens (0.003-0.024. In addition, in 98.2% of larvae, seta 1-X was located off the saddle and seta 3-C had 4-7 branches in 86.7% of specimens examined. Correlation of DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI barcodes (658 bp of the COI gene generated from Colombian progeny material and wild-caught mosquitoes from Ecuador with those from the Peruvian type series of An. calderoni confirmed new country records. DNA barcodes generated for the closely related taxa, An. malefactor and An. punctimacula are also presented for the first time. Examination of museum specimens at the University of the Valle, Colombia, revealed the presence of An. calderoni in inland localities across Colombia and at elevations up to 1113 m.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA haplogroups in 1526 unrelated individuals from 11 Departments of Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan J. Yunis

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The frequencies of four mitochondrial Native American DNA haplogroups were determined in 1526 unrelated individuals from 11 Departments of Colombia and compared to the frequencies previously obtained for Amerindian and Afro-Colombian populations. Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups ranged from 74% to 97%. The lowest frequencies were found in Departments on the Caribbean coast and in the Pacific region, where the frequency of Afro-Colombians is higher, while the highest mtDNA Amerindian haplogroup frequencies were found in Departments that historically have a strong Amerindian heritage. Interestingly, all four mtDNA haplogroups were found in all Departments, in contrast to the complete absence of haplogroup D and high frequencies of haplogroup A in Amerindian populations in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Our results indicate that all four Native American mtDNA haplogroups were widely distributed in Colombia at the time of the Spanish conquest.

Escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea del Parque Nacional Los Estoraques (Norte de Santander, Colombia Coprophagous scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea of Los Estoraques National Park (Norte de Santander, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesus Orozco

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta información sobre los escarabajos coprófagos del Área Natural Única Los Estoraques (ANUE, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Los muestreos fueron realizados durante los meses de febrero a diciembre del año 2002 en cuatro sitios con diferente grado de intervención, suministrando la captura de 10,538 individuos. Los sitios muestreados correspondieron a bosque seco premontano y bosque montañoso húmedo con diferentes grados de intervención. 16 especies de Scarabaeinae conformaron el 89% de las ejemplares colectados, el 11% restante (3 especies fue conformado por Hibosóridos. La totalidad de las especies se completo en el quinto muestreo. Se registró diferencia significativa en la riqueza y abundancia entre los sitios (P Information on the diversity and abundance of the coprophagous scarab beetles of Los Estoraques National Park (ANUE in Colombia is presented. Beetles were collected monthly from February to December 2002 with pitfall traps baited with human excrement. Four environments where sampled including montane dry forests and montane humid forests with different degrees of disruption. A total of 10,538 specimens representing 19 species were collected. All the species were collected by the fifth month. The Scarabaeinae represented 89% of the collected species (16; the remaining 11% were in Hybosoridae (3. An ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in richness and abundance between some of the sites. No correlation between precipitation and abundance was found for any of the sites sampled. For Norte de Santander, seven species are recorded for the first time, and the known altitudinal distribution in Colombia is expanded for four species.

Perfil logístico de Colombia

OpenAIRE

Cardozo Maglioni, María Victoria; Lozano Suarez, María Goretty

2012-01-01

El presente documento ofrece un estudio del perfil logístico de Colombia con la finalidad de dar a conocer el estado de arte de las ciudades, puertos e infraestructura principal para facilitar la toma de decisiones de los empresarios. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se determinaron a partir de un análisis competitivo del país; las principales ciudades y puertos; logrando establecer un inventario de maquinaria y equipo e infraestructura logística; enmarcados en retos ya establecidos en las ...

Composition and distribution of medically important phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the municipalities of Tierralta and Valencia (Córdoba, Colombia).

Science.gov (United States)

Vivero, Rafael José; Quintero, Lina Salazar; Peña, Horacio Cadena; Alvar-Beltrán, Jorge; Tovar, Catalina; Atencia, Claudia M; Vélez, Iván Darío

2017-01-01

Ecoepidemiological studies of cutaneous leishmaniasis and regular monitoring of Lutzomyia species have generated a knowledge base that can be used for control and prevention strategies targeted at the disease transmission dynamics in focal areas of Colombia. In this study, the presence and spatial distribution of phlebotomines of medical importance in the municipalities of Tierralta (El Loro and Tuis Tuis villages) and Valencia (Guadua and Mieles villages) were determined. Entomological surveys were performed in 2015 (months of June, September and November) and samples were collected via CDC-traps located in intradomicilary and peridomiciliary areas in the municipalities of Tierralta and Valencia (Department of Córdoba, Colombia). Active searches were also carried out with a mouth aspirator to collect adult phlebotomines from resting sites. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to assess if the differences between the communities of phlebotomines. Spatial distribution maps of the Lutzomyia species were generated. A high species diversity of Lutzomyia was observed with a total of 1677 Lutzomyia individuals belonging to 12 species. Among these species, Lu. panamensis was the most abundant (80.18%). The composition of the intradomicilary and peridomiciliary phlebotomines varied significantly (F = 0.9962; df = 1; p = 0.02895). Species like Lu. carpenteri, Lu. camposi, Lu. dysponeta, Lu. atroclavata and Lu. yuilli yuilli were recorded for the first time in the Department of Córdoba, Colombia. The spatial distribution shows that Lu. panamensis and Lu. gomezi are predominant and present in areas with high concentration of houses. This study provides basic information on new records of phlebotomines in the Department of Córdoba. The results suggest that greater vector-human contact occurs in the peridomiciliary environment and that a high number of Lutzomyia species associated with the transmission of leishmaniasis are present in Colombia.

¿ES COLOMBIA UN ESTADO CORRUPTO? LA CORRUPCIÓN COMO PROBLEMA JURÍDICO Y COMO ESTADO SOCIOLÓGICO-MORAL. UNA REFLEXIÓN SOBRE EL PRESENTE DE COLOMBIA EN EL TIEMPO DE LOS “EVEILLEURS ” (LOS DESMITIFICADORES DE SUEÑOS)

OpenAIRE

García, Eloy; Universidad Sergio Arboleda

2012-01-01

El actual momento que vive Colombia, entremezclado de éxito económico y problemas políticos, obliga a plantear el problema de si es o no una nación corrupta. Ello requiere definir en términos clásicos el concepto de corrupción para, desde su definición, constatar que la mayoría de los análisis y reflexiones de los últimos tiempos sobre Colombia parten de aplicar categorías construidas desde otras culturas políticas a los países de América del Sur. Desde una defensa de la necesidad de crear un...

Sertula Florae Colombiae, II

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uribe Uribe Lorenzo

1955-08-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo el autor registra como nuevas para Colombia varias especies pertenecientes a las Familias botánicas Aristolochiaceae, Passifloraceae y Solanaceae; provee de una diagnosis latina a Aristolochia argyroneura con el fin de revalidar ese binomio empleado irreglamentariamente desde hace medio siglo por carecer de la debida descripción; y discute brevemente el problema suscitado en torno al género Dilkea (de las Pasifloráceas, al cual se han atribuido varias especies por algunos botánicos, mientras otros sospechan que se trata de simples formas de una misma entidad específica por lo cual el genero debe ser considerado como monotípico.

Strategic ecosystems of Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marquez Calle German

2002-01-01

The author relates the ecosystems in Colombia, he makes a relationship between ecosystems and population, utility of the ecosystems, transformation of the ecosystems and poverty and he shows a methodology of identification of strategic ecosystems

NEW DEPARTMENTAL RECORDS OF DIGITONTHOPHAGUS GAZELLA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE IN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Ari Noriega

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The introduced dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella was reported for the Caribbean Region of Colombia in the 90’s. During a survey carried out along the Magdalena River new records of the presence of this species were found in the departments of Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Santander and Tolima for the first time.

Loodushariduse mammutkongress Colombias / Aarne Tõldsepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tõldsepp, Aarne

2009-01-01

Sel suvel toimunud rahvusvahelisest matemaatika- ja loodushariduse kongressist Colombia ajaloolises sadamalinnas Cartagenas, mille peakorraldajaks oli 19 aastat tagasi Valgevenest Colombiasse emigreerunud professor Juri Orlik

78 FR 60191 - United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-01

... Trade Promotion Agreement AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security... tariff treatment and other customs-related provisions of the United States- Colombia Trade Promotion... States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (``CTPA'' or ``Agreement''), and on June 28, 2007, the Parties...

Seasonality of Lutzomyia fairtigi (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a species endemic to Eastern Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Molina, Jorge Alberto; Ortiz, Mario Iván; Guhl, Felipe

2008-08-01

The bionomics of sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) was studied monthly for two consecutive years in alluvial gallery forests in the department of Casanare, Northeastern Colombia. A total of 2,365 specimens and 10 species were captured using CDC light traps and Shannon traps, and from diurnal resting places, and human landing collections. Lutzomyia fairtigi Martins (55%), Lutzomyia micropyga (Mangabeira) (20.9%), and Lutzomyia antunesi (Coutinho) (13.5%) were the predominant species in the region. Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and Lutzomyia panamensis, potential vectors of Leishmania in Colombia and neighboring countries, were also collected, but in low numbers. Lu. fairtigi is an endemic species to Colombia, and minimal data are available on its biology and distribution. The present study provides additional information about Lu. fairtigi, such as the diurnal activity displayed by females on cloudy days, the greater density during the rainy season (April to October), marked anthropophilia, and the presence of flagellates in the midgut of one female.

Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in dogs in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas-Hernández, G; André, M R; Faria, J L M; Munhoz, T D; Hernandez-Rodriguez, M; Machado, R Z; Tinucci-Costa, M

2012-05-25

Ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are tick-borne diseases, caused mainly by Ehrlichia canis and Babesia canis, respectively, with a worldwide occurrence in dogs, whose main vector is the brown-dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The present work aimed to detect the presence of E. canis and Babesia sp. in 91 dog blood samples in Colombia, by molecular and serological techniques. We also performed sequence alignment to indicate the identity of the parasite species infecting these animals. The present work shows the first molecular detection of E. canis and B. vogeli in dogs from Colombia. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies to E. canis and Babesia vogeli were found in 75 (82.4%) and 47 (51.6%) sampled dogs, respectively. Thirty-seven (40.6%) and 5 (5.5%) dogs were positive in PCR for E. canis and Babesia sp., respectively. After sequencing, amplicons showed 99% of identity with isolates of E. canis and B. vogeli. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA-Anaplasmataceae sequences and 18S rRNA-piroplasmid sequences supported the identity of the found E. canis and B. vogeli DNAs, respectively. The present work shows the first molecular detection of E. canis and B. vogeli in dogs in Colombia. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

State-of-the-art of the historical seismology in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. J. Salcedo Hurtado

2004-06-01

Full Text Available In Colombia are available a discreet number of historical seismology investigations, dating back 50 years. This paper reviews basic information about earthquakes studies in Colombia, such as primary sources, compilation of descriptive catalogues and parametric catalogues. Father Jesús Emilio Ramírez made the main systematic study before 1975. During the last 20 years, great earthquakes hit Colombia and, as consequence, historical seismology investigation was developed in the frame of seismic hazard projects.

Wood-Boring Bivalves (Mollusca: Teredinidae, Pholadidae) of Pacific coast of Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cantera K, Jaime R

2010-01-01

Twelve species of wood-boring bivalves, ten of the family Teredinidae and two of family Pholadidae were collected in mangroves at 6 locations of the Pacific coast of Colombia. This paper presents a brief escription of these species, including size, ecological notes and geographical distribution.

Energy scenarios for Colombia: process and content

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, Ricardo A. [National Univ. of Colombia, Escuela de Geosciencias y Medio Ambiente, Medellin (Colombia); Vesga, Daniel R.A. [Unidad de Planeacion Minero Energetica, Bogota (Colombia); Cadena, Angela I. [Los Andes Univ., School of Engineering, Bogota (Colombia); Boman, Ulf [Kairos Future AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Larsen, Erik [Cass Business School, London (United Kingdom); Dyner, Isaac [Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Energy Inst., Medellin (Colombia)

2005-02-01

This paper presents the approach undertaken, and the four energy scenarios that have been developed, to support long term energy policy in Colombia. The scenarios were constructed with emphasis on maximum interaction between stakeholders in the Colombian energy sector. The process directly involved over 120 people. The scenarios were developed as strategic support tools for the Energy and Mining Planning Unit (UPME), which is the Colombian institution in charge of developing the country's energy strategies and National Energy Policy. The methodology employed is presented, followed by a detailed description of each of the four scenarios. (Author)

Desmidias (zygnemaphyceae) of a small tributary of the Amazons River in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nunez Avellaneda, Marcela; Duque, Santiago

2000-01-01

This is a contribution to the knowledge of the freshwater algae of the Colombian Amazon region. Two of the 13 taxa are reported for the first time from Colombia and 10 are new records for the Colombian Amazon. Ecological characteristics are given for these desmids

Theoretical and practice formation in oncological infirmary for pre graduate students in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chalela, S; Orduz, G; Almenares C

1999-01-01

The cancer appears in Colombia like one of the first three causes of mortality, with growing projection from 1991. To know the reality on the teaching of the oncology in the levels of pre-graduate formation in infirmary, it is the fundamental objective of the present work, to determine the theoretical contained and the practices activities that it has more than enough the topic they become trained at the moment in the country and in a same way to establish basic limits of the duty to belong to the nurse in this area. The present study is of traverse descriptive type, and it was developed in two phases. The first of quantitative type, directed to all the academic units of Colombia with pre-graduate formation in infirmary that they had a graduated promotion at least. The total was of 21 universities, 18 of those, which the surveys responded, that included the identification of the academic unit and the hours assigned for each one of the oncology topics, in theoretical contents and activities practice. The second phase, of qualitative type, was developed using the consent Delphi methodology, with selection of a group of experts (for the study they were 11 nurses of the whole country) that had pos-grade in oncology infirmary or at least 5 years of professional experience in the oncology area. Each one qualified the importance of each oncology topic and it expressed their approach about hours in theoretical contents and in activities practice that they should become trained to the infirmary students in the pre-graduate; of the 18 analyzed academic units, 13 considered as insufficient the contents that it has more than enough oncology, this at the moment teaching to the pre-graduate students in Colombia. The work concludes with the description of the topics that at the moment they are teaching the academic units in Colombia and with the basic limits that it has more than enough oncology, the experts consider necessary for the formation in the infirmary pre-graduate in

Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia: a Darwin Core alternative to the updating problem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos DoNascimiento

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The present work is part of a process to create a Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia and consisted in the depuration and updating of the taxonomic and geographic components of the checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia. An exhaustive revision of the 1435 species recorded in 2008 was necessary to: 1. Add new species described since 2009 and species originally described from Colombia but inadvertently omitted in 2008; 2. Add new records of already described species; 3. Delete species whose presence in Colombia was not supported by voucher specimens in ichthyological collections; and 4. Revise the geographic distribution of the species listed in 2008. This process resulted in the following numbers: 1. Total number of freshwater fish species in Colombia: 1494; 2. Number of species recorded by hydrographic region - Amazon: 706, Orinoco: 663, Caribbean: 223, Magdalena-Cauca: 220, Pacific: 130; and 3. Number of endemic species: 374 (76% from the trans-Andean region. Updating the current checklist is a fundamental requirement to ensure its incorporation in the decision-making process with regard to the conservation of Colombian aquatic species and ecosystems, which are facing transformation processes as a result of activities such as mining, construction of hydroelectric plants, expansion of the agricultural frontier and subsequent deforestation, industrial and domestic pollution, development of waterways, introduction of exotic species, and climate change.

Positive 14-3-3 and tau proteins in a sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease case and a brief perspective of prion diseases in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Escandón-Vargas, Kevin; Zorrilla-Vaca, Andrés; Corral-Prado, Raúl Heli

2016-02-24

Prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative disorders occurring worldwide and affecting both humans and animals. Herein, we present the case of a patient diagnosed with definite sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Cali, Colombia. Besides neurological examination, 14-3-3 and tau proteins were valuable tools supporting the diagnosis. We also present a brief perspective of the prion diseases reported in Colombia to date. Although the incidence of prion diseases is unknown in Colombia, our literature review revealed that one case of scrapie in 1981 and 29 human sporadic cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease have been documented and published in our country.

Diatoms from lentic and lotic systems in Antioquia, Choco and Santander Departments in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sala, Silvia E.; Ramirez, John J.; Plata, Yasmin

2008-01-01

In the tropical and subtropical regions, there is a large number of species which has not been yet described. The high possibility of extinction makes their inventory a priority. 23 diatoms taxa from Andean lotic systems and lentic waterbodies localized in the Departments of Antioquia, Santander and Choco, Colombia, are analyzed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Each taxon is described and information about environmental characteristic of the sites where they were collected and distribution in Colombia is given. The studied taxa belong to the orders Thalassiosirales (1), Aulacoseirales (1), Fragilariales (4), Cymbellales (7), Achnanthales (2), Naviculales (7), and Thalassiophysales (1). Fifteen of them are recorded for the first time in Colombia and Encyonema jemtlandicum in America del Sur. A comparison with the diatom flora of the Colombian Amazonia showed that there were only three taxa in common to these two equatorial regions probably due to the influence of altitudinal gradient. (author)

Comparación de la corrosividad atmosférica del acero al carbono en Colombia y Cuba

OpenAIRE

Delgado Lastra, Juan; Minotas Ruiz, Julio César; Arroyave Posada, Carlos Enrique; Mendoza Gómez, Antonio; Corvo Pérez, Francisco

2001-01-01

Samples of structural carbon steel were exposed to the atmosphere in a number of sites in Colombia and Cuba for periods of 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Corrosion rate was determined by mass loss measurements, and cause-effect relationship to exposure time and pollutants (deposited chloride and sulfur oxides) were calculated. Analysis let to adjust models by the multiple regression method. Also, comparison of atmospheric corrosion rates between Colombia and Cuba were done using covariance analys...

Flies (Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Beetles (Silphidae from Human Cadavers in Cali, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barreto Mauricio

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Adult specimens of Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya megacephala, Ch. rufifacies, Lucilia sp. (Calliphoridae, Musca domestica (Muscidae, Oxelytrum discicolle (Silphidae and Sarcophagidae were recovered from 12 human cadavers in Cali, Valle, Colombia. Information regarding these findings is presented.

Analytical Performance of Four Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR and Real Time PCR (qPCR Assays for the Detection of Six Leishmania Species DNA in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cielo M. León

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Leishmaniasis comprises a spectrum of parasitic diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Molecular tools have been widely employed for the detection of Leishmania due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, the analytical performance of molecular platforms as PCR and real time PCR (qPCR including a wide variety of molecular markers has never been evaluated. Herein, the aim was to evaluate the analytical performance of 4 PCR-based assays (designed on four different targets and applied on conventional and real-time PCR platforms. We evaluated the analytical performance of conventional PCR and real time PCR, determining exclusivity and inclusivity, Anticipated Reportable Range (ARR, limit of detection (LoD and accuracy using primers directed to kDNA, HSP70, 18S and ITS-1 targets. We observed that the kDNA was the most sensitive but does not meet the criterion of exclusivity. The HSP70 presented a higher LoD in conventional PCR and qPCR in comparison with the other markers (1 × 101 and 1 × 10-1 equivalent parasites/mL respectively and had a higher coefficient of variation in qPCR. No statistically significant differences were found between the days of the test with the four molecular markers. The present study revealed that the 18S marker presented the best performance in terms of analytical sensitivity and specificity for the qPCR in the species tested (species circulating in Colombia. Therefore, we recommend to explore the analytical and diagnostic performance in future studies using a broader number of species across America.

Analytical Performance of Four Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real Time PCR (qPCR) Assays for the Detection of Six Leishmania Species DNA in Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

León, Cielo M.; Muñoz, Marina; Hernández, Carolina; Ayala, Martha S.; Flórez, Carolina; Teherán, Aníbal; Cubides, Juan R.; Ramírez, Juan D.

2017-01-01

Leishmaniasis comprises a spectrum of parasitic diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Molecular tools have been widely employed for the detection of Leishmania due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, the analytical performance of molecular platforms as PCR and real time PCR (qPCR) including a wide variety of molecular markers has never been evaluated. Herein, the aim was to evaluate the analytical performance of 4 PCR-based assays (designed on four different targets) and applied on conventional and real-time PCR platforms. We evaluated the analytical performance of conventional PCR and real time PCR, determining exclusivity and inclusivity, Anticipated Reportable Range (ARR), limit of detection (LoD) and accuracy using primers directed to kDNA, HSP70, 18S and ITS-1 targets. We observed that the kDNA was the most sensitive but does not meet the criterion of exclusivity. The HSP70 presented a higher LoD in conventional PCR and qPCR in comparison with the other markers (1 × 101 and 1 × 10-1 equivalent parasites/mL respectively) and had a higher coefficient of variation in qPCR. No statistically significant differences were found between the days of the test with the four molecular markers. The present study revealed that the 18S marker presented the best performance in terms of analytical sensitivity and specificity for the qPCR in the species tested (species circulating in Colombia). Therefore, we recommend to explore the analytical and diagnostic performance in future studies using a broader number of species across America. PMID:29046670

Los diálogos de la habana y las perspectivas de una paz duradera en Colombia (Talks with havana and the perspectives of a lasting peace in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oto Higuita

2014-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Este artículo de investigación, presenta rutas de análisis histórico en torno a los alcances y falencias que dejaron los diálogos de Paz en Colombia entre las Frac-Ep y el Gobierno Nacional durante el siglo XX, el papel que han jugado los medios de comunicación en dichos procesos y una descripción analítica de los discursos de Oslo y la Habana, que dan inicio al actual proceso de Negociación en la Habana; se resalta el profundo alcance que este proceso de negociaciones marca en la última década en Colombia, en lo que concierne a la posible terminación del conflicto armado y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera. ABSTRACT This research article presents routes of historical analysis over the scope and shortcomings left by the talks of peace in Colombia between FARC-EP and the National government during the twentieth century, as well as the role played by the mass media in those processes and an analytical description of the discourses in Oslo and Havana, initiating the current process of negotiations at Havana; the deep scope of this process of negotiations marks in the last decade in Colombia, is highlighted with regard to the possible termination of the armed conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace.

Tragedia humanitaria del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia The Humanitarian Tragedy of Forced Displacement in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Jorge Garay Salamanca

2009-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta un diagnóstico de la situación de la población desplazada en Colombia, a partir de los resultados de la II Encuesta Nacional de Verificación de la Comisión de Seguimiento a la Política Pública sobre Desplazamiento Forzado, realizada en 2008. Factores de vulnerabilidad en materia de salud, educación, seguridad alimentaria, vivienda, informalidad laboral, generación de ingresos, entre otros, revelan una situación de extrema precariedad que está lejos todavía del goce efectivo de derechos por parte de la población en situación de desplazamiento, la cual sintetiza la gravedad de la crisis humanitaria que padece el país.This article presents a diagnosis of the situation of the population of displaced persons in Colombia, from the results of the Second National Verification Survey of the Monitoring Commission of Public Policies on Forced Displacement carried out in 2008. Factors of vulnerability in the areas of health, education, food security, housing, informal labor, generation of incomes, among others, reveal a situation of extreme precariousness that is still far away from the effective enjoyment of rights on the part of populations in situations of forced displacement, which synthesizes the gravity of the humanitarian crisis from which the country suffers.

“No bastan muros de piedra para hacer una prisión” la vida cotidiana de los internos de la cárcel villahermosa, cali, colombia (“stone walls are not enough to build a prison.” the daily life of inmates at “villahermosa” prison in cali, colombia)

OpenAIRE

Harold Mauricio Nieto Castillo

2014-01-01

RESUMEN El presente artículo derivado de investigación, describe la situación carcelaria en Colombia en los últimos años, haciendo énfasis sobre la situación particular del hacinamiento en el establecimiento carcelario Villahermosa de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). Finalmente se realiza un análisis sobre la manera en que transcurre la vida cotidiana en dicho Centro Carcelario ABSTRACT The current article, derived from a piece of research, describes the prison situation in Colombia,...

Geography of terrosism in Colombia: A retrospective vision

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tania Rodríguez Morales

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The terrorist violence in Colombia was preceded by political violence between Liberals and Conservatives, although we can not argue that the second is responsible for the appearance of the first, however, the accommodation of forces at the beginning of the Cold War took epicenter Latin America and thereby to Colombia. The regions of the country were suddenly pregnant by guerrilla groups praised by the USSR and blood filled the Colombian countryside. Colombian regions saw the birth of the new form of violence that would end up mutating into terrorism. Tolima Colombia-center platform would be the territorial conflict that began engulfing areas and finish an entire country. Only after 2002 it would begin to see the decline of modern terrorism.

El IDRC en Colombia

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

gación de Colombia en salud, agri- ... y desarrollar una base nacional de datos ... apoyada por el IDRC mostró caminos para .... conocimiento con los formuladores de políticas, con otros investigadores y comunidades en todo el mundo.

Synopsis Of The subfamily Spiranthoideae (Orchidaceae) In Colombia, Part II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duenas Gomez, Hilda del Carmen; Fernandez Alonso, Jose Luis

2009-01-01

As second and last contribution to the synoptic treatment of the Spiranthoideae for Colombia, the synopsis of the tribes Spirantheae (subtribes Cyclopogoninae: 3 genera, 41 species and Stenorrhynchidinae: 9 genera, 15 species) and Cranichideae (5 genera, 53 species), is presented. The most diverse genera in these tribes are: Cranichis (20 species), Cyclopogon (17), Ponthieva (15) and Pelexia (14). As part of the results of this study: a)- The transfer of Cybebus from the subtribe Spiranthinae (where it was commonly placed) to the subtribe Stenorhinchidinae, is proposed, based on the floral morphology (the rostellum and viscidium structure). b)- two genera are reported for Colombia as new records, each one with one species: Lyroglossa (L. grisebachii) and Helonoma; for the latter the new combination Helonoma peruviana (Szlach.) Salazar, Duenas and Fern. Alonso is proposed. c) New records in the previously known list of Colombian orchids are presented: Coccineorchis (C. cristata, C. navarrensis), Cyclopogon (C. maldonadoanus, C. olivaceus, C. rimbachii), Pelexia (P. hirta, P. palmorchidis), Ponthieva (P. venusta), and Sarcoglottis (S. grandiflora, S. maasorum, S. neglecta, S. stergiosii). d)- And additional 19 new records of species belonging to Aspidogyne and Microchilus, not reported in Duenas and Fernandez-Alonso (2007), are also included. e)- Finally an analysis of the distribution and diversity of the genera of this subfamily, according to altitude ranges in Colombia is presented. This group has predominant Andean distribution, being found mainly between 1300 and 3600 m of altitude. Genera broadly distributed as Microchilus, Gomphichis, Cyclopogon, Pelexia, Sarcoglottis, Coccineorchis, Stenorrhynchos, Cranichis and Ponthieva, are found almost from the level up to 3000 m, in all the regions of the country. In contrast, Beloglottis, Brachystele, Cybebus, Eltroplectris, Hapalorchis, Helonoma, Lankesterella, Lyroglossa, Kreodanthus, Pteroglossa and Sauroglossum

Case studies: Managing nuclear information in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oviedo, L.G.

2004-01-01

The advances in the managing of nuclear information in Colombia are present, this has allowed recapturing the activities starting from 1999 contributing the INIS the results of the investigations related with the AIEA mission, for benefit of the international scientific community. Thanks to the support of the directive and to my own managing, year after year the efforts are reflected, through a constant increase of the records to the INIS, like in the participation in the RRIAN in Latin America. (author)

Genotoxic Biomarkers in Erythrocytes of Lepidochelys olivacea (Cheloniidae from Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Hugo Quiroz Herrera

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This research was conducted in the municipality of Bahia Solano, Colombia, and had as a goal to detect damage erythrocytes circulating with nuclear lesions in fifty-five Olive Ridley adult females using acridine orange immunostain, and correlate its frequencies with some physiological and biometric parameters. We determine a micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE frequency of 0.6 ± 0.6 and nuclear buds (NBE of 2.1 ± 1.9. We not found any relationship between the nuclear lesions with physiological or biometric parameters evaluated (Pearson and Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05. We define a significative statistical difference (p=0.035 between both nuclear lesions frequencies. This results show nuclear damages in erythrocytes of Olive Ridley sea turtle for the first time in Colombia as an outcome of genotoxic stress. Also contributes key information for future research in the ecotoxicology area for endangered marine species.

Space and space-time distributions of dengue in a hyper-endemic urban space: the case of Girardot, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Fuentes-Vallejo, Mauricio

2017-07-24

Dengue is a widely spread vector-borne disease. Dengue cases in the Americas have increased over the last few decades, affecting various urban spaces throughout these continents, including the tourism-oriented city of Girardot, Colombia. Interactions among mosquitoes, pathogens and humans have recently been examined using different temporal and spatial scales in attempts to determine the roles that social and ecological systems play in dengue transmission. The current work characterizes the spatial and temporal behaviours of dengue in Girardot and discusses the potential territorial dynamics related to the distribution of this disease. Based on officially reported dengue cases (2012-2015) corresponding to epidemic (2013) and inter-epidemic years (2012, 2014, 2015), space (Getis-Ord index) and space-time (Kulldorff's scan statistics) analyses were performed. Geocoded dengue cases (n = 2027) were slightly overrepresented by men (52.1%). As expected, the cases were concentrated in the 0- to 15-year-old age group according to the actual trends of Colombia. The incidence rates of dengue during the rainy and dry seasons as well as those for individual years (2012, 2013 and 2014) were significant using the global Getis-Ord index. Local clusters shifted across seasons and years; nevertheless, the incidence rates clustered towards the southwest region of the city under different residential conditions. Space-time clusters shifted from the northeast to the southwest of the city (2012-2014). These clusters represented only 4.25% of the total cases over the same period (n = 1623). A general trend was observed, in which dengue cases increased during the dry seasons, especially between December and February. Despite study limitations related to official dengue records and available fine-scale demographic information, the spatial analysis results were promising from a geography of health perspective. Dengue did not show linear association with poverty or with vulnerable

Análisis del comportamiento en Colombia: Antecedentes y perspectivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilson López López

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se muestra una revisión de los eventos significativos relacionadoscon el origen y establecimiento del análisis del comportamiento en Colombia: el impacto queha tenido, su desarrollo medido a partir de la presencia del enfoque en los currículos de lasuniversidades, la existencia de laboratorios y grupos de investigación, las publicaciones ypresentaciones en eventos y, a partir de allí, se presentan las perspectivas locales de estacorriente. Para tal fin, se llevó a cabo una revisión de algunos de los textos y artículos que hansido publicados; además, se realizaron entrevistas a académicos cuya producción intelectualha contribuido al desarrollo y mantenimiento del análisis conductual como ciencia teórica,básica y aplicada en Colombia.

Cangrejos Gecarcinidos (Crustacea; Gecarcinidae de Colombia Cangrejos Gecarcinidos (Crustacea; Gecarcinidae de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prahl Henry von

1984-09-01

Full Text Available Diagnostic patterns and figures allow correct identifications of those crabs; also coloration, ecology and their distribution are given. The following crabs are reported for Colombia: Gecarcinus (Gecarcinus ruricola (Linnaeus, 1758, G. (G. lateralis lateralis (Freminville, 1835, G. (G. lateralis quadratus Saussure, 1835, G. (lohngarthia malpilensis Faxon, 1893, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825, C. crassum Smith, 1870, Ucides cordatus cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763 and U. cordatus occidentalis. (Ortman, 1898. Se presentan diagnósticos sistemáticos y figuras, que permiten la correcta identificación de estos cangrejos, adicionando notas sobre su coloración, ecología, distribución general y distribución en Colombia.Se reportan las siguientes especies: Gecarcinus (Gecarcinus ruricola (Linnaeus, 1758, G. (G. lateralis lateralis (Freminville, 1835, G. (G. lateralis quadratus Saussure, 1835, G. (lohngarthia malpilensis Faxon, 1839, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825, C. crassum Smith, 1870, Ucides cordatus cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763 y U. cordatus occidentalis (Ortman, 1898.   

Representation of global and national conservation priorities by Colombia's Protected Area Network.

Science.gov (United States)

Forero-Medina, German; Joppa, Lucas

2010-10-12

How do national-level actions overlap with global priorities for conservation? Answering this question is especially important in countries with high and unique biological diversity like Colombia. Global biodiversity schemes provide conservation guidance at a large scale, while national governments gazette land for protection based on a combination of criteria at regional or local scales. Information on how a protected area network represents global and national conservation priorities is crucial for finding gaps in coverage and for future expansion of the system. We evaluated the agreement of Colombia's protected area network with global conservation priorities, and the extent to which the network reflects the country's biomes, species richness, and common environmental and physical conditions. We used this information to identify priority biomes for conservation. We find the dominant strategy in Colombia has been a proactive one, allocating the highest proportion of protected land on intact, difficult to access and species rich areas like the Amazon. Threatened and unique areas are disproportionately absent from Colombia's protected lands. We highlight six biomes in Colombia as conservation priorities that should be considered in any future expansion of Colombia's protected area network. Two of these biomes have less than 3% of their area protected and more than 70% of their area transformed for human use. One has less than 3% protected and high numbers of threatened vertebrates. Three biomes fall in both categories. Expansion of Colombia's Protected Area Network should consider the current representativeness of the network. We indicate six priority biomes that can contribute to improving the representation of threatened species and biomes in Colombia.

África fuera de África: apuntes para pensar el africanismo en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín Kalulambi Pongo

2005-06-01

Full Text Available From the generic notion of Africanism, understood like the set of "social and human sciences applied to Africa", the author makes a balance on the African studies in Colombia, especially in anthropology and history. He sustains that African studies do not have to loose their specificity before the height of afro Colombian studies. As objectives one sets out: a To explain the genesis of the different writings of the black Colombias and Africa; b to discuss the emptiness and the present dilemmas of African studies and c to indicate the susceptible perspective to position the African studies in the Colombian average where the knowledge take place.//Desde la noción genérica de africanismo, entendida como el "conjunto de ciencias sociales y humanas aplicadas al África", el autor realiza un balance sobre los estudios africanos en Colombia, especialmente en antropología y en historia. Sostiene que los estudios africanistas no deben perder su especificidad ante el auge de los estudios afro-co��lombianos. Como objetivos se propone: a explicar la génesis de Ias distintas escrituras sobre las Colombias negras y el África; b discutir las lagunas y los dilemas actuales de los estudios africanos y c señalar las perspectivas susceptibles de posicionar los estudios africanos en los medios colombianos donde se producen los conocimientos.

Oportunidades y amenazas para Colombia de pertenecer a la Alianza del Pacífico

OpenAIRE

Piedrahita Valencia, Paula Andrea

2015-01-01

Por medio de este proyecto se analizaron las asimetrías presentes en las economías de los cuatro países miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico y cómo Colombia puede enfrentar estos y retos y convertirlos en oportunidades de acuerdo a la experiencia en diferentes áreas de sus países aliados. De acuerdo a las bases de datos de los países firmantes se encontró que la balanza comercial entre Colombia y México presenta un déficit y está en constante crecimiento, pudiendo ser contrarrestada con fut...

Los géneros de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia, II. Segunda Parte: Reptiles, Orden de los Saurios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dunn Emmett Reid

1944-09-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una relación de nuestros conocimientos actuales acerca de los Reptiles Saurios de Colombia. Lo que sabemos hasta la fecha respecto de la fauna reptil de este país deja mucho que desear por cuanto no existen publicaciones referentes a las especies que habitan en los extensos territorios del Sur y del oriente de Colombia ni se dispone de ejemplares de aquellas regiones.  Al publicar este trabajo espero que sirva a manera de núcleo alrededor del cual se acumulen datos y observaciones que aumenten -en el futuro más rápidamente que en el pasado- nuestros conocimientos sobre los reptiles de Colombia.

Impact and environmental handling of the coal in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia Lozada, Hector

1999-01-01

The coal is a natural resource of great strategic importance for Colombia, in virtue not only of the magnitude of the reserves that possesses the country, but also of its physical-chemistry characteristic, which make it very attractive for the energy generation mainly in European countries and in United States, for the environmental advantages that it offers to consume a coal with contained low percentage of sulfur (maximum 1%) and high heating power. In this chapter a general vision of the Colombian carboniferous sector is presented, followed by a discussion on the environmental impacts of more relevance, associated to the industry and the carboniferous mining that happen in the country. Finally activities and projects of environmental administration are commented, that are in Colombia, with the object to improve the environmental administration of this mineral resource, from the institutional perspective of the participation of the economic agents of the sector, in the solution of the environmental conflicts

Brief history of curriculum and teacher training in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerardo Bazante Caldas

2006-02-01

Full Text Available The following text, which is a short review of the history of education in Colombia, emphasizes the relationship that exists between curriculum and teacher training. It also presents curriculum in its precarious conception which binds it to the syllabus and to some not-well-defined purposes that are due to the evolution of a history full of turbulence in which the war has been the major figure and the governors have resorted to occasional resources more related to improvisation rather than economical and political development of Colombia.The rapid progression of globalization has led to preserve the same course of improvisations which change in accordance with the administrator of the moment that reaches the Government and whose shape is given in accordance with the foreign interests that hinder the possibility of a more suitable development for colombian interests.The last part of the text calls for the teachers to construct their own history and recover the role they have in the society and culture.

Estimations of the relationship a dimensional budyko in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arias GomezPaula Andrea; Poveda Jaramillo, German

2007-01-01

Water and energy budgets in river basins are a condition for terrain forms growing and spatial distribution and productivity of vegetation. The Budyko non-dimensional number is defined as the relationship between mean annual precipitation (P) and mean annual evapotranspiration (PET), B = P/PET, in river basins. this non-dimensional number is defined as the ratio between available water (P) and available energy (PET), and has been employed for identifying water storage at vegetation, dryness, and net primary production in ecosystems. Literature reports have found that at B = 1 condition, denominated Budyko critical condition, B c , there exist particular climate, geomorphologic and biodiversity conditions which make that this number becomes from particular interest on hydro climatology and ecology fields. Budyko number maps with a spatial resolution of 5 arcmin cell size for Colombia extent, and other with 30 seconds cell size for Antioquia extent are presented. Many non-direct methods for potential evapotranspiration estimation have been employed. It concludes that Colombia is characterized by energy limited vegetation

Colombia science without future

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Pérez-Cordero

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Colombia no será nada hasta que no se eduque su gente, es un país que está retrasado intelectualmente; un país que no valora la ciencia es porque nadie les ha enseñado a sus ciudadanos su valor y sus dirigentes no lo entienden, es porque no les interesa, según lo comentó GINAS, (2004. “El futuro de Colombia va a estar profunda y directamente relacionado con la capacidad que los colombianos tengamos de organizar la educación; la hija de la educación: la ciencia; y la hija de la ciencia: la tecnología-GINAS, 1993” (CORREA, 2017, hoy la ciencia en Colombia no tiene futuro; la inversión pública para ciencia disminuirá para el año 2018 en 41.5 %. El punto de inversión más alto fue de $430.150 millones para el año 2013; para 2014 bajó a $376.768 millones, en 2015 pasó a $332.197 y en 2016 perdió otra porción y se redujo a $304.516 millones. Este año bajó hasta $299.177 millones y para el 2018 se prevé será el más bajo en una década, con apenas $220.506 millones (CORREA, 2017. Las mayores repercusiones se reflejarán en el congelamiento de nuevas becas para programas doctorados y en el presupuesto para convocatorias de proyectos de investigación (EL ESPECTADOR, 2017.

The National Drug Control Policy Strategy: Effectiveness of Eradication in Colombia

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Bishop, Kenneth

2003-01-01

.... Among the Andean countries, Colombia's drug market poses the greatest threat to U.S security, since ninety percent of the cocaine entering the United States originates or passes through Colombia...

Sustainability: Actuality and necessity in the construction sector in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acevedo Agudelo, Harlem; Vasquez Hernandez, Alejandro; Ramirez Cardona, Diego Alejandro

2012-01-01

The construction industry, a part of being essential to achieve the society development, is also one of the main generators of solid waste and pollution, and it is also responsible for a great part of the landscape transformation and the energy usage. These are enough reasons for the industry not to be indifferent to the actual environmental problematic. This paper, which is intended for academic and professional community generally, presents a diagnosis about the current state of construction in Colombia regarding the environmental impact that it generates. To this end, it exposes the Colombian construction industry framed-related to its environmental impact, and documents, chronologically, the practices and strategies that have been used to reduce the negative impact on the environment throughout the time until nowadays. Finally, this document presents a survey result applied to a representative sample of constructive firms of the Valle de Aburra, Antioquia, where several aspects, regarding the concept of sustainable building and the environmental actions that the firm carries out, were inquired.

Notes on the Presence of the Greek Tragedy in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandro Romero Rey

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The ancient world and, in particular that of Greek tragedy, is present in Colombia under various masks. This article takes on a journey through the presence of the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides in different artistic manifestations. From poetry and narrative, to cinema and the visual arts, ancient tragedy has served as a metaphor to reflect on the situation of extreme violence in this South American country and the ways in which a possible utopia of reconciliation can be built. At the same time, it focuses on the different scenic models, from their praxis on the stage where the “illustrative” versions stand out, to the transformations in the representation conventions or the use of fables as triggers in much more ambitious creative immersions. The following paper in English was the starting point for Encounters with Classical Antiquity in Latin America. A Humanities / Humanity Workshop at Yale University in October 2017, presented by its author.

Conceptual framework for Non-Timber Forest Products in mangroves of Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia S, Catalina; Polania V, Jaime

2008-01-01

The forests policy of most of tropical countries is directed initially toward the use of Wood resources and, secondarily, for firewood. Nevertheless, tropical forests generate other products that, in some countries, can have a high value, comparable with those of wood, called 'Non Timber Forest Products' (NTFP) or 'Non Wood Forest Products' (NWFP). Unfortunately this label does not enhance the fact that its harvest is an important activity in rural economies. The NTFP have motivated interest by their economic and social contribution in many countries, mainly for rural populations? all along Latin America are utilized, and, particularly in Colombia, it is necessary to regulate clearly and accurately their exploitation. Here we present a conceptual framework for the NTFP's, and describe the potential contribution of mangroves to this market in Colombia

“No bastan muros de piedra para hacer una prisión” la vida cotidiana de los internos de la cárcel villahermosa, cali, colombia (“stone walls are not enough to build a prison.” the daily life of inmates at “villahermosa” prison in cali, colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harold Mauricio Nieto Castillo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El presente artículo derivado de investigación, describe la situación carcelaria en Colombia en los últimos años, haciendo énfasis sobre la situación particular del hacinamiento en el establecimiento carcelario Villahermosa de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia. Finalmente se realiza un análisis sobre la manera en que transcurre la vida cotidiana en dicho Centro Carcelario ABSTRACT The current article, derived from a piece of research, describes the prison situation in Colombia, in the last few years, making emphasis on the particular overcrowding situation at “Villahermosa” Prison in the city of Cali, Colombia. Lastly, an analysis of the daily living conditions at that prison is made.

Cost-of-illness study of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Colombia Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Colombia: costo de la enfermedad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Camilo González

2009-07-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To determine the per patient and overall cost of illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM in Colombia from Ministry of Health and societal perspectives. METHODS: A published Markov transition model was adapted for Colombia, using the clinical expertise of a Colombian endocrinologist. Transition probabilities for the model were derived from an international literature review. A model was run for a time horizon of 42 years. Direct resources (drugs, laboratory, medical, hospital, other health care were identified and cost was ascertained by using national price lists, international health care guidelines, and other Colombian studies or data from other countries. Indirect costs (work time lost were calculated by using the human capital approach. Annual and lifetime direct and indirect costs, in 2007 U.S. dollars with a 5% discount rate, were determined on a per patient basis and projected to the overall Colombian population. Costs were clustered according to treatments and outcomes. RESULTS: The estimated annual cost was $2.7 billion from the societal perspective and $921 million from the Ministry of Health perspective. The annual direct cost per patient was $288, and the indirect cost was $559 (total = $847. This cost was distributed across disease outcomes as follows: diabetes treatment (drugs, 47%; cardiac and coronary disease, 24%; stroke, 15%; amputation, 9%; nephropathy, 3%; retinopathy, 2%. Macrovascular complications made up 86% of the annual direct costs and 95% of the annual indirect costs of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated the annual cost of T2DM for Colombia from societal, Ministry of Health, and Colombian Health System perspectives. We also estimated annual direct cost per patient and the cost of treating diabetes and macrovascular complications. The economic burden is substantial and comparable to results for other countries. The model showed a logical disease progression.OBJETIVO: Determinar el costo de la enfermedad

Biology stage of Moniliophthora roreri in Colombia

OpenAIRE

Correa Álvarez, Javier; Castro Martínez, Sergio; Coy, Jairo

2014-01-01

La moniliasis es una enfermedad fúngica que ataca el cultivo de cacao, causada por el basidiomycete Moniliophthora roreri -- Está presente en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos y se adapta a diversidad de ambientes -- En Colombia la enfermedad es devastadora y las estrategias de control tradicional han generado resultados colaterales como el fortalecimiento de la resistencia genética de cepas del hongo en algunas regiones -- En esta revisión, se recopilan los aspectos biológicos y agro...

Analysis of the United States Policy for Support of Plan Colombia

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Woods, Roberta

2001-01-01

...% of which comes from Colombia. Drug trafficking in Colombia has become a major source of income, contributing to the destabilization of the economy and also funding a nearly forty year insurgency...

78 FR 49972 - Importation of Cape Gooseberry From Colombia Into the United States

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-16

... (Physalis peruviana) from Colombia is authorized for importation into the United States if the commodity is... added to read as follows: Sec. 319.56-60 Cape gooseberry from Colombia. Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) may be imported into the United States from Colombia in accordance with the conditions described...

TRIPS (THYSANOPTERA ASOCIADOS A AGALLAS DE Ficus benjamina (LINNAEUS, 1767 (MORACEAE EN LA REGIÓN CENTRAL DE COLOMBIA GALL THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA OF Ficus benjamina (LINNAEUS, 1767 (MORACEAE IN CENTRAL REGION OF COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Sepúlveda Cano

2009-12-01

Full Text Available En Colombia han sido utilizados ampliamente árboles de Ficus benjamina como ornamentales en zonas verdes urbanas. En los últimos años, se ha observado en estas plantas un incremento en los síntomas de ataque de trips (hojas plegadas y necrosadas; pero a pesar de ello, es poco lo que se conoce sobre las especies que se encuentran presentes. Por esta razón, se realizó un reconocimiento de la entomofauna en varias ciudades del país, encontrando las especies de trips Gynaikothrips garitacambroneroi Retana, 2006 (fitófago y Androthrips ramachandrai Karny, 1896 (depredador, ambas reportadas por primera vez para Colombia. Adicionalmente, se recolectó el chinche depredador Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton asociado a estas agallas. Se presentan las diagnosis de las dos especies de trips apoyadas en fotografías de microscopía electrónica, con el ánimo de mostrar en detalle la morfología de estos insectosThe ficus tree Ficus benjamina has been introduced in Colombia as an ornamental in urban settings. In the last years an increment on symptoms of thrips attack (rolled and necrotic leaves have been more evident; however, little is known about the species of thrips causing such damage. This work is a preliminary survey in several cities of Colombia. The species of thrips resgistered were: Gynaikothrips garitacambroneroi Retana, 2006 (phytophagous and Androthrips ramachandrai Karny, 1896 (predator. Also was found a predatory true bug Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton associated with the galls produced by thrips. Some SEM photographs are present to show morphology details of two species of thrips associated with this tree.

Distribution of the precipitation in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romero Reyes, Jorge Arturo; Triana Zarate, Gabriel

2006-01-01

The primary target looks for to determine the distribution of the rain for the national territory using technical geostatistical, for such effect was used the rain data averages multi annual, available in 1027 sites (municipal heads of Colombia, and sites of special interest source IDEAM 1982 -1998. The rain data were analyzed through basic statistical processes like location measures and variability, geostatistical like semi-variogram, and directional influence was analyzed (anisotropy), that the mountainous system of the Andes and the zone of Convergence inter tropical corroborate the influence of the relief through (ZCIT) where converge trade winds as a result of the location of Colombia in the equatorial zone, the result corresponds to a continuous surface that shows to the distribution of the rain in Colombia map 2, generated by means of the interpolation process using the Kriging method, this surface will serve like source of intelligence in thematic general space analyses of level in manifold as agrologic for the advantage of the resource water and ground, also to make analyses correlated with variable like temperature, humidity, solar radiation, potential and real evapo-transpiration

[Bibliometric analysis of publications on infectious diseases in Colombia, 2000-2009].

Science.gov (United States)

Ríos, Rodrigo; Mattar, Salim; González, Marco

2011-04-01

Analysing scientific production in the area of infectious diseases in Colombia, 2000-2009. A literature search was made in category A journals in Colciencias' Publindex. The journals were: Biomédica, Revista de Salud Pública (Universidad Nacional), Colombia Médica, Ciencias Pecuarias, Latreia, MVZ Córdoba, Revista de Medicina (Universidad Nacional) and Infectio. 2,963 publications were found; 2,744 (92.6 %) were national publications and 219 (7.4 %) were foreign submissions, of which 863 (29.1 %) were on infectious diseases, 817 (94.7 %) having been submitted nationally and 46 (5.3 %) submitted by foreigners. National publications on infectious diseases were distributed as follows: 268 on parasitology (32.8 %), bacteriology and antimicrobial resistance accounted for 267 (32.7 %), virology 210 (25.7 %), mycology 46 (5.6 %) and other items related to infectious diseases accounted for 26 (3.2 %). The regional distribution of publications was: Cundinamarca 239 (29.3 %), Antioquia 211 (25.8 %), Valle del Cauca 60 (7.3 %), Caribbean coast 52 (6.4 %), the Santanders 38 (4.6 %), the coffee-growing area 31 (3.8 %) and southern Colombia 13 (1.6 %). This is the first study which has analysed publications on infectious diseases in Colombia. There was regional imbalance concerning bibliometric indicators in Colombia; public universities accounted for 90 % of research being carried out in the area of infectious diseases in Colombia.

[Mortality by homicides in Colombia, 1998-2012].

Science.gov (United States)

Chaparro-Narváez, Pablo; Cotes-Cantillo, Karol; León-Quevedo, Willian; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos

2016-12-01

Homicide is a universal indicator of social violence with large public health consequences. To describe mortality by homicides and to analyze its trends and geographic distribution in Colombia between 1998 and 2012. We conducted a descriptive study of deaths by homicide in Colombia between 1998 and 2012 using official mortality databases and the population projections of the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE. We calculated age- and sex-specific mortality rates, and we analyzed the geographical distribution of mean-adjusted homicide mortality rates at municipal level. Between 1998 and 2012, 331,470 homicides were reported in Colombia. The mean crude rate was 51.5 per 100,000 inhabitants: 95.9 in men and 8.2 in women. Since 2003, a decrease in the number of deaths and rates was observed; 91.9% of the victims were men and the highest mortality rates were reported in the 20-29 years old group. The most frequently involved mechanism was the firearm: Eight of 10 homicides in men, and seven of 10 homicides in women. Out of 1,122 municipalities, 186 were in the highest quintile, accumulating 50.1% of all deaths. In Colombia, homicides have been one of the leading causes of death with a trend towards reduction since 2002. Its geographical distribution has been heterogeneous. To continue addressing this public health issue we must recur to multidisciplinary analytical methodologies for a better understanding of the phenomenon.

Distribución de Stenocercus guentheri (Sauria: Iguanidae en el sur de los Andes de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Castro Herrera Fernando

1993-12-01

Full Text Available The morphology of a population of Stenocercus guentherifrom Colombia is described in detail and compared to information from ecuadorean specimens. The range of the species is extended northward to include the colombian departments (provinces of Nariño and Cauca along the Andes. Some field observations about bahavior, habitat, and reproduction are included.El presente trabajo describe las características de Stenocercus guentheri, en las poblaciones del sur de Colombia y hace una comparación con la información del Ecuador. Se amplía su rango de distribución geográfica hacia el norte de Suramérica, incluyendo los departamentos de Nariño y Cauca en los Andes de Colombia. Se incluyen datos de campo sobre hábitat, hábitos y reproducción.

Arguments for religious tolerance in Colombia, 1832-1853

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José David Cortés Guerrero

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This article shows the arguments, pros and cons, about religious tolerance in Colombia between 1832 and 1853 before it was legalized by the constitution of that year. Therefore, we are not interested about the arrival of different churches than the Catholic but we want to present the previous discussions that allowed their later arrival. Equally, the article shows the pragmatic vision of the tolerance, which was seen as a necessary concept for civilization and progress.

Ciencia y tecnología, perspectiva para Colombia

OpenAIRE

Laura Mendivil Anaya

2008-01-01

El presente art iculo hace un recorrido por los siguientes temas: la importancia de la inversión en Ciencia y Tecnología, el panorama mundial de la inversión en Ciencia y Tecnología, así como la Ciencla y la Tecnología en Colombia, profundizando en el Sistema de Ciencia y Tecnología, el presupuesto asignado y las posibles rutas para cualificar el tema en el país.

Análisis del comportamiento en Colombia: antecedentes y perspectivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilson López López

2010-07-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se muestra una revisión de los eventos significativos relacionados con el origen y establecimiento del análisis del comportamiento en Colombia: el impacto que ha tenido, su desarrollo medido a partir de la presencia del enfoque en los currículos de las universidades, la existencia de laboratorios y grupos de investigación, las publicaciones y presentaciones en eventos y, a partir de allí, se presentan las perspectivas locales de esta corriente. Para tal fin, se llevó a cabo una revisión de algunos de los textos y artículos que han sido publicados; además, se realizaron entrevistas a académicos cuya producción intelectual ha contribuido al desarrollo y mantenimiento del análisis conductual como ciencia teórica, básica y aplicada en Colombia

Prediction of mean monthly river discharges in Colombia through Empirical Mode Decomposition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. M. Carmona

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The hydro-climatology of Colombia exhibits strong natural variability at a broad range of time scales including: inter-decadal, decadal, inter-annual, annual, intra-annual, intra-seasonal, and diurnal. Diverse applied sectors rely on quantitative predictions of river discharges for operational purposes including hydropower generation, agriculture, human health, fluvial navigation, territorial planning and management, risk preparedness and mitigation, among others. Various methodologies have been used to predict monthly mean river discharges that are based on "Predictive Analytics", an area of statistical analysis that studies the extraction of information from historical data to infer future trends and patterns. Our study couples the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD with traditional methods, e.g. Autoregressive Model of Order 1 (AR1 and Neural Networks (NN, to predict mean monthly river discharges in Colombia, South America. The EMD allows us to decompose the historical time series of river discharges into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF that capture the different oscillatory modes of different frequencies associated with the inherent time scales coexisting simultaneously in the signal (Huang et al. 1998, Huang and Wu 2008, Rao and Hsu, 2008. Our predictive method states that it is easier and simpler to predict each IMF at a time and then add them up together to obtain the predicted river discharge for a certain month, than predicting the full signal. This method is applied to 10 series of monthly mean river discharges in Colombia, using calibration periods of more than 25 years, and validation periods of about 12 years. Predictions are performed for time horizons spanning from 1 to 12 months. Our results show that predictions obtained through the traditional methods improve when the EMD is used as a previous step, since errors decrease by up to 13% when the AR1 model is used, and by up to 18% when using Neural Networks is

The Mexican Assimilation: Colombia in the 1930s - The case of Ignacio Gómez Jaramillo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juanita Solano Roa

2013-07-01

Full Text Available During the 1930s in Colombia, artists such as Ignacio Gómez Jaramillo, took Mexican muralism as an important part of their careers thus engaging with public art for the irst time in the country. In 1936, Gómez Jaramillo travelled to Mexico for two years in order to study muralism, to learn the fresco technique and to transmit the Mexican experience of the open-air-schools. Gómez Jaramillo returned to Colombia in 1938 and in 1939 painted the murals of the National Capitol. Although Gómez Jaramillo’s work after 1939 is well known, his time in Mexico has been barely studied and very few scholars have analyzed the artist’s work in light of his Mexican experience. While in Mexico, Gómez Jaramillo joined the LEAR (La Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios with whom he crated the murals of the Centro Escolar Revolución. These murals depict politically engaged images that, apparently, little had to do with his more historical work back in Colombia. This text proposes a careful reading of the artist’s work at the CER and a rereading of the National Capitol murals in light of a more politicized vision.

Plan para control de Malaria en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hernando Rey

1943-02-01

Full Text Available Con motivo de la colaboración de la Oficina de Relaciones Interamericanas en la solución de algunos problemas de Higiene pública en Colombia, el Secretario del Ministerio de Trabajo, Higiene y Previsión Social, doctor Alfonso Orozco, me pidió la elaboración de un breve plan para control de Paludismo en Colombia. El Plan fué presentado al Ministerio por una parte y por otra enviado al doctor Mark F. Boyd de la International Health Division de la Fundación Rockefeller.

Mortalidad por paludismo en Colombia, 1979-2008

OpenAIRE

Pablo Chaparro; Julio Padilla

2012-01-01

Introducción. En Colombia, el paludismo representa un grave problema de salud pública. Se estima que, aproximadamente, 60 % de la población se encuentra en riesgo de enfermar o de morir por esta causa. Objetivo. Describir la tendencia de la mortalidad por paludismo en Colombia desde 1979 hasta 2008. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo para determinar la tendencia de las tasas de mortalidad. Las fuentes de información fueron las bases de datos de las defunciones...

Solar energy, architecture and climate in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carrillo B, J.

1983-01-01

In Colombia, the climatological conditions are such that with a possible serious appropriate technology to use the solar energy in the cities when the electricity rationing increases, for the illumination, the refrigeration, the electricity production, the heating, etc. The use of the solar energy is also been worth to look for a better adaptation between climate and architecture. In this sense, the article exposes some of the existent possibilities of application of the solar energy for the comfort of the habitat, possibilities of high efficiency and low cost that can be easily applicable in Colombia

Observatorio de los tratados de libre comercio en Colombia: oportunidades de exportación para Colombia a Dinamarca, España, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia y Croacia

OpenAIRE

Martínez Estrada, Daniela; Peñarredonda Petro, Adriana Milena; Ramírez Solano, Camila Alejandra

2015-01-01

Tradicionalmente Colombia ha mantenido una estrecha relación comercial con la Unión Europea, siendo éste uno de los principales destinos de exportación de productos colombianos no tradicionales. En busca de fortalecer las dinámicas comerciales entre los países de la Unión Europea y Colombia se firmó un acuerdo comercial en aras de promover el crecimiento económico de los países involucrados. En este documento se hará especial énfasis en la relación comercial de Colombia con Dinamarca, España,...

Self-potential signals caused by eruptions of the Galeras volcano – Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Greinwald S.

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The National Institute of Geology and Mining, INGEOMINAS - Colombia, and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, BGR - Germany, perform since 1997 as a joint venture
multi-parameter measurements at the Galeras volcano, in the southwest of Colombia. Since the end of 1998 the Multi-parameter Station at Galeras (Estación Multiparámetro del Galeras - EMG includes the continuous monitoring of electromagnetic variations. The electromagnetic (EM station is located at the north-eastern foot walls of the central cone inside the caldera.
During almost six years of electromagnetic monitoring, the data did not show significant variations of the electromagnetic field, which could be related to the volcanic activity. In July 2004 a new active period of Galeras began with two strong ash emissions. During both emissions strong self potential- (SP signals were recorded lasting for several hours. The present paper will present the data which could give some indications on the movements of liquids during ash emissions.

Association between economic growth and injury mortality among seniors in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Trujillo, Antonio J; Hyder, Adnan A; Ruiz, Fernando

2010-12-01

Injuries among seniors are recognised as an important public health problem not only in developed countries but also in middle-income countries. There is ample epidemiological literature that relates economic growth to the reduction of infectious and childhood diseases. Less evidence exists to document if economic growth alone is enough to reverse the increasing trends of injury mortality and morbidity among seniors in a middle-income country. To investigate the association between economic growth and injury deaths among older people in Colombia. Using data from Colombia, 1979-2006 (n=28), time-series models were used to ascertain if the variation over time in injury mortality among seniors is related to short-term oscillations in economic performance. Four empirical specifications usually used in the analysis of such data were implemented. Models were run by type of injury and gender. A negative but moderate effect of economic growth was found on injury deaths among older people. The reported elasticity was between -0.98 and -1.26. Men benefit from economic growth more than women. Economic growth seems to reduce traffic injuries, suicides and homicides. A positive association was also found between falls and growth in gross domestic product. The results indicate a non-homogeneous association between economic growth and injury deaths among seniors in Colombia. This association is usually stronger in a negative direction among children and younger adults. Although more research is needed to understand the causal relationship between economic growth and injury, the association found may suggest that economic growth may not be sufficient to reverse injury deaths among older people; therefore, additional health policies need to be in place to reduce mortality due to preventable injuries in seniors.

Gravity Data For Colombia 1997

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The gravity station data (9,050 records), were observed and processed by the Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi(IGAC), in Colombia from 1958 to 1996. This data...

?Strange Attractors (chaos) in the hydro-climatology of Colombia?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poveda Jaramillo, German

1997-01-01

Inter annual hydro-climatology of Colombia is strongly influenced by extreme phases of ENSO, a phenomenon exhibiting many features of chaotic non-linear system. The possible chaotic nature of Colombian hydrology is examined by using time series of monthly precipitation at Bogota (1866-1992) and Medellin (1908-1995), and average stream flows of the Magdalena River at Puerto Berrio. The power spectrum, the Haussdorf-Besikovich (fractal) dimension, the correlation dimension, and the largest Lyapunov exponent are estimated for the time series. Ideas of hydrologic forecasting and predictability are discussed in the context of nonlinear dynamical systems exhibit chaotic behavior

First record of Pteridium caudatum (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Old Providence Island, Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tobar Vargas, Alexandra; Gavio, Brigitte

2011-01-01

We report for the first time the presence of the invasive fern Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon Old Providence Island, Colombia. The species was found as an ornamental plant in house backyard, as well as in the wild in the locality the peak, the best preserved area of the island. We discuss the ecological implications associated to the presence of this species.

Studies on Colombian Cryptogams IV. A catalogue of the Hepaticae of Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gradstein, S.R.; Hekking, W.H.A.

1979-01-01

□ The main purpose of this catalogue is to provide a complete listing of the species of liverworts hitherto known from Colombia and to summarize our present knowledge of species distribution within the country. It was prepared parallel to a catalogue of the mosses (Musci), which is being published

Determining the environmental quality of La Cienaga Colombia. Caucasia - Antioquia - Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Velasquez R, Jesus Oswaldo; Jimenez G, Gabriel Jaime; Sepulveda L Monica

2007-01-01

There were measured 22 physics, chemicals and biological parameters, including phytoplankton evaluation during four months in three measuring stations to achieve the characterization of La Cienaga Colombia as a representation of a wetland system of El Bajo Cauca Antioqueno with the intention to propose a method to detect the environmental quality of this type of ecosystems that let us fix some rules for his adequate management. The data was analyzed by determination of trophic, contamination and biotic state signs. There was also statistics analysis of principal components, and correspondence canonic analysis of La Cienaga Colombia. The average values of trophic state signs showed the eutrophication quality of the ecosystem; his aspect coincide especially whit the contamination index referred to the total phosphorus values. The biotic indicators showed uniform phytoplankton distribution, with low values in diversity, that is for being an eutrophication wetland; It was identified a total of 69 species, this species be long to 31 genres, 21 families and 6 divisions, important groups and representative in natural waters. It was detected in high percentage macrophyte presence, as a result of sediments contribution because the inappropriate land use in near zones that influences the wetland

Contesting and Contextualising CITES: Wildlife Trafficking in Colombia and Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Rodríguez Goyes

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article raises the question of whether recently implemented legislation in Colombia and Brazil (1 provides the necessary tools to prevent the harms of wildlife trafficking (WLT and (2 influences humans’ practices concerning the use of nonhuman animals. These questions are investigated from the dual perspectives of green criminology and public policy. The analysis is based on a qualitative empirical study undertaken in Colombia and Brazil whereby we discuss the function of the legislation in Colombia and Brazil in preventing illegal WLT. We consider the legitimacy of different practices of WLT and evaluate them with respect to species justice and environmental justice.

Evaluation of methodologies for remunerating wind power's reliability in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Botero B, Sergio; Isaza C, Felipe; Valencia, Adriana

2010-01-01

Colombia strives to have enough firm capacity available to meet unexpected power shortages and peak demand; this is clear from mechanisms currently in place that provide monetary incentives (in the order of nearly US$ 14/MW h) to power producers that can guarantee electricity provision during scarcity periods. Yet, wind power in Colombia is not able to currently guarantee firm power because an accepted methodology to calculate its potential firm capacity does not exist. In this paper we argue that developing such methodology would provide an incentive to potential investors to enter into this low carbon technology. This paper analyzes three methodologies currently used in energy markets around the world to calculate firm wind energy capacity: PJM, NYISO, and Spain. These methodologies are initially selected due to their ability to accommodate to the Colombian energy regulations. The objective of this work is to determine which of these methodologies makes most sense from an investor's perspective, to ultimately shed light into developing a methodology to be used in Colombia. To this end, the authors developed a methodology consisting on the elaboration of a wind model using the Monte-Carlo simulation, based on known wind behaviour statistics of a region with adequate wind potential in Colombia. The simulation gives back random generation data, representing the resource's inherent variability and simulating the historical data required to evaluate the mentioned methodologies, thus achieving the technology's theoretical generation data. The document concludes that the evaluated methodologies are easy to implement and that these do not require historical data (important for Colombia, where there is almost no historical wind power data). It is also found that the Spanish methodology provides a higher Capacity Value (and therefore a higher return to investors). The financial assessment results show that it is crucial that these types of incentives exist to make viable

Molecular characterization of Hepatozoon canis in dogs from Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas-Hernandez, Giovanni; André, Marcos R; Munhoz, Thiago D; Faria, Joice M L; Machado, Rosangela Z; Tinucci-Costa, Mirela

2012-01-01

Hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne disease whose transmission to dogs occurs by ingestion of oocysts infected ticks or feeding on preys infested by infected ticks. Until now, there is no previous report of molecular characterization of Hepatozoon sp. in dogs from Colombia. EDTA blood samples were collected from 91 dogs from central-western region of Colombia (Bogotá, Bucaramanga, and Villavicencio cities) and submitted to 18S rRNA Hepatozoon sp. PCR and blood smears confection. Phylogenetic analysis was used to access the identity of Hepatozoon species found in sampled dogs. From 91 sampled dogs, 29 (31.8%) were positive to Hepatozoon sp. (25 dogs were only positive in PCR, 1 was positive only in blood smears, and 3 were positive in both blood smears and PCR). After sequencing, the found Hepatozoon sp. DNA showed 100% of identity with Hepatozoon canis DNA isolates. The phylogenetic tree supported the identity of the found Hepatozoon sp. DNA, showing that the isolates from Colombia were placed in the same clade than other H. canis isolates from Venezuela, Spain, and Taiwan. This is the first molecular detection of H. canis in dogs from Colombia.

The demand of guava in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio César Alonso-Cifuentes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In Colombia, no systematic work have been carried out to determine the demand for fruits beyond descriptive analysis of per capita consumption according to different individual socioeconomic characteristics and much less for a specific product such as guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae. This paper estimates the relationship between guava prices and the demand of guava in Colombia. We found that guava consumption is not affected by its price and its demand is highly correlated to income. While socio-economic characteristics such as income, education and household head labor affect the decision-making for consuming guava, other characteristics such as race and the number of household members determine the quantity of guava consumed in a Colombian household.

The Bracale Opera Company in Colombia (1922-1933: a music culture agent for the country

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Cárdenas Velásquez

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The opera company of Adolfo Bracale visited Colombia several times between 1922 and 1933. This opera company made contributions to the musical environment of that period. It brought opera singers, orchestral members and conductors internationally recognized at the time, and incorporated repertoire not heard before in Colombia. The musical environment of the country was also enriched by the mobilization of a series of cultural, social and commercial factors that had to do with these opera seasons. The last performance of the Bracale opera company took place in Medellín in 1933, some months before it went bankrupt. Because of this, some of its musicians, including Bracale, decided to stay in the country, and thus they contributed to the formation of musicians and orchestras that made part of the musical culture of the moment and of generations to come.

Impacts of Climate Change on Colombia’s National and Regional Security

Science.gov (United States)

2009-10-01

Peru, and Chile have relatively diverse, industrialized economies and greater domestic resources and state capaci- ties for adaptation. Bolivia...Change on Colombia’s National and Regional Security References 1 Colombia, Sistema de Informacion sobre el Uso del Agua en la Agricultura y el Medio...Jul 2009. "El cambio climatico en Colombia." Unpublished report shared with authors. IDEAM. 26 "El agua para 40 millones de personas esta en riesgo

Offshore Hydrocarbons Extraction In Colombia: Legal Overview And Challenges Regarding The New Offshore Free Trade Zones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Acosta Ramos

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Offshore extraction of hydrocarbons has increasingly become important in the context of the oil business. Thus, the Republic of Colombia has wanted to encourage the development of such operations in the country, despite the fact that it does not have at present time a harmonious legal framework to regulate the activity and/or to proper coordinate the governmental agencies involved in the approval of such operations. This article presents an overview of the problems associated with offshore activities in the world and analyzes – from a critical perspective - the role of local authorities in authorizing said operations as well as the new regime of customs-free zones created in the country.

Notas sobre la taxonomía y distribución de Passalidae (insecta: coleoptera en Colombia y descripción de una nueva especie Notas sobre la taxonomía y distribución de Passalidae (insecta: coleoptera en Colombia y descripción de una nueva especie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reyes Castillo Pedro

1991-12-01

Full Text Available This investigation presents some taxonomical aspects of Passalidae with a summary of the genera and reported species in Colombia. The distribution of Passalus Fabricius and Veturius is anoled and some ecological and biogeographical aspects are given. Finally Passalus chingaencis is described from the andean forest of the Eastern Andes of Colombia. Se comentan aspectos de la taxonomía de Passalidae, con una reseña de los géneros presentes, especies registradas y distribución de los géneros Passalus Fabricius y Veturius Kaup en Colombia. Se destacan algunos aspectos de carácter biogeográfico y ecológico y se describe Passalus chingaencis, una especie montana con distribución en el bosque altoandino de la Cordillera Oriental.

Prediabetes in Colombia: Expert Consensus

Science.gov (United States)

Calderón, Carlos; Castillo, Jorge; Escobar, Iván Darío; Melgarejo, Enrique; Parra, Gustavo Adolfo

2017-01-01

Abstract The prevalence of Prediabetes in Colombia is high, and despite being recognized and categorized in the main Medical Guidelines and included in the International Classification of Diseases in Colombia, knowledge and awareness of it is limited amongst healthcare professionals and in the community. Our expert group recommends that educational programs emphasize a global approach to risk which includes a recognition of the importance of prediabetes and its evaluation along with and other risk factors such as a family history of DM2, overweight and obesity, dislipidemia and hypertension. Studies conducted in Colombia demonstrate the value of the FINDRIS questionnaire as a tool to identify subjects at risk of prediabetes and DM2, and we recommend that it should be systematic applied throughout the country as part of government policy. Prediabetes progresses to DM2 at an annual rate of 10%, but it has also been shown that prediabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes. On this basis, the Committee recommends that once prediabetes is detected and diagnosed, immediate management of the disease begins through lifestyle changes, with follow up assessments performed at 3 and 6 months. If the patient does not respond with a weight loss of at least 5% and if the HbA1C values ​​are not normalized, pharmacological management should be initiated with a metformin dose of 500 mg / day, increasing up to 1,500 - 1,700 mg / day, according to tolerance. PMID:29662261

Prediabetes in Colombia: Expert Consensus.

Science.gov (United States)

López-Jaramillo, Patricio; Calderón, Carlos; Castillo, Jorge; Escobar, Iván Darío; Melgarejo, Enrique; Parra, Gustavo Adolfo

2017-12-30

The prevalence of Prediabetes in Colombia is high, and despite being recognized and categorized in the main Medical Guidelines and included in the International Classification of Diseases in Colombia, knowledge and awareness of it is limited amongst healthcare professionals and in the community. Our expert group recommends that educational programs emphasize a global approach to risk which includes a recognition of the importance of prediabetes and its evaluation along with and other risk factors such as a family history of DM2, overweight and obesity, dislipidemia and hypertension. Studies conducted in Colombia demonstrate the value of the FINDRIS questionnaire as a tool to identify subjects at risk of prediabetes and DM2, and we recommend that it should be systematic applied throughout the country as part of government policy. Prediabetes progresses to DM2 at an annual rate of 10%, but it has also been shown that prediabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes. On this basis, the Committee recommends that once prediabetes is detected and diagnosed, immediate management of the disease begins through lifestyle changes, with follow up assessments performed at 3 and 6 months. If the patient does not respond with a weight loss of at least 5% and if the HbA1C values ​​are not normalized, pharmacological management should be initiated with a metformin dose of 500 mg / day, increasing up to 1,500 - 1,700 mg / day, according to tolerance.

Death and injury from motor vehicle crashes in Colombia Muertes y lesiones por accidentes de tráfico en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Jaime Posada; Eli Ben-Michael; Alan Herman; Ernesto Kahan; Elihu Richter

2000-01-01

We report data on the distribution and determinants of road deaths and injuries for all victims in Colombia, with the aim of defining targets and priorities for highway death prevention in that country and other rapidly urbanizing nations. Using information from Colombia's Fund for the Prevention of Road Injury and the national death registry, we studied data on deaths and injuries from 1991 to 1995 for the nation as a whole and for the country's two largest cities, Santa Fe de Bogotá and Med...

Aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Victoria Peñaranda Gonzalez

2017-09-01

Full Text Available En Colombia, el  Departamento Nacional de Planeación proyectó para el 2018, el 20% en aprovechamiento de residuos que van a los rellenos e incentivar el reciclaje, sin embargo no ha logrado superar el 17%, por lo tanto es prioritario incluir mecanismos de articulación del componente productivo y de investigación científica y tecnológica. En este artículo se  relacionan importantes fuentes de residuos agroindustriales en Colombia, presentando algunas alternativas  de subproductos en las que se aprovechan sus características y propiedades para obtener materiales que pueden ser utilizados en otros procesos como la industria de la construcción, biocombustibles, productos farmacéuticos, cosméticos y  nutricionales;  es el caso del  glicerol, residuos de papa y café tanto de cultivo como procesados, arroz y caña de azúcar en el grupo de las gramíneas, y residuos de frutas y verduras. Se concluye que Colombia debe implementar el desarrollo de diversos procesos y/o productos que sean competitivos y cumplan con las respectivas normas de calidad para incursionar en los mercados del mundo.

How Military Actions Affected Citizen Security During Plan Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

2015-06-01

of Colombia) CERAC Centro de Recursos para el Análisis de Conflictos (Resource Center for Conflict Analysis) CINEPP/PPP Centro de Investigación... Humanos y el Desplazamiento (Consultancy for Human Rights and Displacement) ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ELN...cuantitativa” [Demobilized groups and forced displacement in Colombia: A quantitative approximation], Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento

A Geographical Information System for Malaria in Colombia (SIGMA)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poveda, German; Hernandez, Olver; Urquijo, Lenis; Padilla Julio Cesar

2005-01-01

A Geographical Information System for Malaria in Colombia (SIGMA) is introduced and its capabilities and modules are described. It allows the interactive visualization of the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection database at national, regional and municipal levels and the analysis of relationships with different environmental and climatic variables. SIGMA is a powerful decision support system for human health intervention and management programs in Colombia

Natural gas massification plan in Colombia with the National Oil Framework

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arenas, I.

1993-01-01

The Colombian natural gas industry is described. The Colombian natural gas plan is discussed under the following topics: background of natural gas in Colombia, natural gas reserves, gas plan objectives, methodology, marketing studies, transportation and investment strategy, and economic evaluation. The present natural gas institutional framework is described. The production system structure, transportation, and distribution are also discussed

Enhanced Orographic Tropical Rainfall: An Study of the Colombia's rainfall

Science.gov (United States)

Peñaranda, V. M.; Hoyos Ortiz, C. D.; Mesa, O. J.

2015-12-01

the analysis of rainfall fields via first-order statistical properties, scaling functions, structure functions and spectral analysis, taking into account cloud-motion directions over mountainous slopes (windward/leeward side) and timing of the diurnal cycle. The analysis is developed for some Colombia's locations.

Outbreak of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Córdoba, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Hidalgo, Marylin; Miranda, Jorge; Heredia, Damaris; Zambrano, Pilar; Vesga, Juan Fernando; Lizarazo, Diana; Mattar, Salim; Valbuena, Gustavo

2011-02-01

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. Although RMSF was first reported in Colombia in 1937, it remains a neglected disease. Herein, we describe the investigation of a large cluster of cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis in a new area of Colombia.

Diversity of lower insects (Arthropoda: hexapoda) in Colombia: i. entognatha to polyneoptera

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amat Garcia, German; Fernandez, Fernando

2011-01-01

The present study examines insect diversity (entognatha and polyneoptera) in Colombia in terms of number of families, genera and species, in light of the most recent systematic data on the orders treated. We also highlight the work of active specialists and literature sources that are particularly relevant for the study of the Colombian entomofauna. We introduce the problem of evaluating species richness of insects in Colombia from historical and taxonomic-methodological perspectives. Species richness values for each group were derived from what is referred to as known diversity or knowledge of species that have been formally described in the taxonomic literature. Information was harvested from primary literature sources, reviews, monographs, and both online and printed catalogues. A total of 14 orders, 80 families and 1673 species are reported for the insects treated herein.

A new genus of Rhytirrhinini from Colombia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morrone Juan J.

1995-06-01

Full Text Available Rupanius, new genus, comprises the single species R. carinatus, new species, endemic to the Paramo biogeographic province of Colombia. It is diagnosed based on the elytra subquadrate and with a conspicuous declivital carina, and is considered similar to Puranlus Germain and Acrorius Kirsch. The genus and species are described, illustrated, and compared with the other Colombian Rhytirrhinini.Rupanius, gen. n., comprende la única especie R. carinatus, sp. n., endémica de la provincia biogeográfica del Páramo de Colombia. Este género se reconoce por los élitros subcuadrados y con una conspicua carena declivital y es considerado similar a Puranius Germain y Acrorius Kirsch. El género y especie son descritos, ilustrados y comparados con los otros Rhytirrhinini de Colombia.

Taxation and lack of legitimacy in Colombia Tributación y falta de legitimidad en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López Héctor F.

1998-06-01

Full Text Available This paper attempts to establish the links between tax administration and lack of legitimacy in the context of the socio-cultural evolution of Colombia. It tries to demonstrate that the great ethical confusions of the nation transmigrate to the inside of the tax administration and determine its evolution. The practices of tax evasion and elusion, administrative corruption, and contraband constitute the major obstacles to tributary modernization. The policy strategies which would tend to eradicate these evils don't find an effective voice in the
dominion of social integration; thus, the synthesis tends to come by way of fraud and not through the internalization of the law.El presente trabajo intenta establecer los nexos entre administración tributaria y falta de legitimidad en el contexto de la evolución socio-cultural de Colombia. Se intenta mostrar que los grandes desarreglos éticos de la nación transmigran al interior de la administración tributaria y determinan su evolución. Las prácticas de evasión y elusión de impuestos, corrupción administrativa y contrabando constituyen las principales trabas de la modernización tributaria. Las estrategias de política tendientes a erradicar estos males no encuentran interlocutor efectivo en el domino de integración social; así, la sintesis tiende a darse por vía del fraude y no por la interiorización de la ley.

Tomographically-imaged subducted slabs and magmatic history of Caribbean and Pacific subduction beneath Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

Bernal-Olaya, R.; Mann, P.; Vargas, C. A.; Koulakov, I.

2013-12-01

We define the length and geometry of eastward and southeastward-subducting slabs beneath northwestern South America in Colombia using ~100,000 earthquake events recorded by the Colombian National Seismic Network from 1993 to 2012. Methods include: hypocenter relocation, compilation of focal mechanisms, and P and S wave tomographic calculations performed using LOTOS and Seisan. The margins of Colombia include four distinct subduction zones based on slab dip: 1) in northern Colombia, 12-16-km-thick oceanic crust subducts at a modern GPS rate of 20 mm/yr in a direction of 110 degrees at a shallow angle of 8 degrees; as a result of its low dip, Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic rocks are present 400 km from the frontal thrust; magmatic arc migration to the east records 800 km of subduction since 58 Ma ago (Paleocene) with shallow subduction of the Caribbean oceanic plateau starting ~24-33 Ma (Miocene); at depths of 90-150 km, the slab exhibits a negative velocity anomaly we associate with pervasive fracturing; 2) in the central Colombia-Panama area, we define an area of 30-km-thick crust of the Panama arc colliding/subducting at a modern 30/mm in a direction of 95 degrees; the length of this slab shows subduction/collision initiated after 20 Ma (Middle Miocene); we call this feature the Panama indenter since it has produced a V-shaped indentation of the Colombian margin and responsible for widespread crustal deformation and topographic uplift in Colombia; an incipient subduction area is forming near the Panama border with intermediate earthquakes at an eastward dip of 70 degrees to depths of ~150 km; this zone is not visible on tomographic images; 3) a 250-km-wide zone of Miocene oceanic crust of the Nazca plate flanking the Panama indenter subducts at a rate of 25 mm/yr in a direction of 55 degrees and at a normal dip of 40 degrees; the length of this slab suggests subduction began at ~5 Ma; 4) the Caldas tear defines a major dip change to the south where a 35 degrees

Clave para las familias y subfamilias de Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera de Colombia Clave para las familias y subfamilias de Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrade C. Gonzalo

1990-09-01

Full Text Available A dicotomic key to determinate the diurnal butterflies of Colombia is provided. ilustrations about the groups are additioned. The study on Papilionoidea follows Ehrlich (1958. Se presenta una clave dicotómica para determinar las familias y subfamilias de mariposas diurnas de Colombia, con ilustraciones sobre la venación de los principales grupos. Para la determinación de los Papilionoidea se siguieron los parámetros propuestos por Ehrlich (1958.

Adiciones a la avifauna de Colombia de especies arribadas a la Isla Gorgona Adiciones a la avifauna de Colombia de especies arribadas a la Isla Gorgona

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ortiz-Von Halle Bernardo

1990-09-01

Full Text Available Se registran siete especies nuevas para la avifauna de Colombia a partir de observaciones y capturas hechas en el Parque Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona, Océano Pacífico, Colombia, Aphriza virgata (Scolopacidae y Rhodospingus cruentus (Fringillidae son registros visuales, mientras que la presencia de Stercorarius longicaudus (Stercorariidae, Columbina cruziana, C.buckleyi (Columbidae, Muscisaxicola albilora y de Muscigralla brevicauda (Tyrannidae queda confirmada con especímenes preservados. Se analizan las posibles causas del arribo a la Isla de las especies terrestres. Seven species are reported as new to the avifauna of Colombia from observations and captures made at Gorgona Island National Park, Pacific Ocean, Colombia Aphriza virgata (Scolopacidae and Rhodospingus cruentus (Fringillidae are reported as visual records while the reports of Stercorarius longicaudus (Stercorariidae, Columbina cruziana, C. buckleyi (Columbidae, Muscisaxicola albilora and Muscigralla brevicauda (Tyrannidae are based on preserved specimens. The possible causes of the arrival to the Island of the terrestrial species are discussed.

Gnss Geodetic Monitoring as Support of Geodynamics Research in Colombia, South America

Science.gov (United States)

Mora-Paez, H.; Acero-Patino, N.; Rodriguez-Zuluaga, J. S.; Diederix, H.; Bohorquez-Orozco, O. P.; Martinez-Diaz, G. P.; Diaz-Mila, F.; Giraldo-Londono, L. S.; Cardozo-Giraldo, S.; Vasquez-Ospina, A. F.; Lizarazo, S. C.

2013-05-01

To support the geodynamics research at the northwestern corner of South America, GEORED, the acronym for "Geodesia: Red de Estudios de Deformación" has been adopted for the Project "Implementation of the National GNSS Network for Geodynamics" carried out by the Colombian Geological Survey, (SGC), formerly INGEOMINAS. Beginning in 2007, discussions within the GEORED group led to a master plan for the distribution of the base permanent GPS/GNSS station array and specific areas of interest for campaign site construction. The use of previously identified active faults as preferred structures along which stresses are transferred through the deformational area led to the idea of segmentation of the North Andes within Colombia into 20 tectonic sub-blocks. Each of the 20 sub-blocks is expected to have, at least, three-four permanent GPS/GNSS stations within the block along with construction of campaign sites along the boundaries. Currently, the GEORED Network is managing 46 continuously including: 40 GEORED GPS/GNSS continuously operating stations; 4 GNSS continuously operating stations provided by the COCONet (Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network) Project; the Bogotá IGS GPS station (BOGT), installed in 1994 under the agreement between JPL-NASA and the SGC; and the San Andres Island station, installed in 2007 under the MOU between UCAR and the SGC. In addition to the permanent installations, more than 230 GPS campaign sites have been constructed and are being occupied one time per year. The Authority of the Panama Canal and the Escuela Politecnica de Quito have also provided data of 4 and 5 GPS/GNSS stations respectively. The GPS data are processed using the GIPSY-OASIS II software, and the GPS time series of daily station positions give fundamental information for both regional and local geodynamics studies. Until now, we have obtained 100 quality vector velocities for Colombia, 23 of them as part of the permanent network. The GPS/GNSS stations

Aspectos regionales de la movilidad social y la igualdad de oportunidades en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar la movilidad social en Colombia en el ámbito regional. Colombia tiene uno de los más altos índices de concentración del ingreso en el mundo y amplias disparidades económicas a nivel regional, que han sido persistentes en el tiempo. En este trabajo se estudia uno de los factores determinantes de dicha persistencia: baja movilidad social de las generaciones. Los resultados confiman los bajos niveles de movilidad intergeneracional en la educación, aunque se reportan mejorías. Además, se encuentra una fuerte asociación entre el ingreso de una región y el grado de movilidad social. También, hay una correlación negativa y significativa entre el grado de desigualdad en los ingresos de una región y el grado de movilidad social. Esta investigación representa un primer esfuerzo por relacionar las condiciones de movilidad social con las de desigualdad, avanzando en el estudio de la transmisión intergeneracional de las desigualdades en Colombia.

Los Géneros de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia, 1. Primera parte: Anfibios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dunn Emmett Reid

1944-06-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es sólo un bosquejo sin pretensiones de suficiencia, que abarca únicamente los géneros de Anfibios hallados hasta ahora en Colombia. Cuando un genero esta representado en este país por una sola especie, se menciona dicha especie ; esto es del caso en la mitad por lo menos de los 32 géneros reconocidos aquí. Se citan también las especies más comunes o notables de los demás géneros colombianos. Las claves han sido simplificadas, expresandose solamente los caracteres exhibidos por las formas que existen en Colombia, en la esperanza de que sean más útiles a los estudiantes colombianos.

Energetic Planning in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lombana V, Jorge E

1998-01-01

In the country one of the most dynamic sectors in the last years, it has been the mining - energy sector that has had rates of increase superiors to 5%. The most critical situation corresponds to the sector of hydrocarbons, where the exploration in Colombia has arrived at its lower historical levels as they are those of 22 and 30 perforated wells, and 2148 and 2300 acquired kilometers of seismic 2d, in the years of 1996 and 1997, that which doesn't agree with the National Energy Plan NEP that inclined to perforate 100 exploratory wells per year, for the period 1997 - 2010, with the purpose of maintaining the production of 1.0 mbd starting from the year 2000 and this way to avoid that Colombia loses its self-sufficiency and be importer in the 2004 again. The oil politics in charge of the Ecopetrol, will have to be revised with different approaches if one wants a reactivation, because from 1989, year in that included the escalation clause, not alone it has not been possible to increase the exploration, but rather it has fallen at the mentioned levels. In the electric sector; the Regulation of Energy and Gas Commission - REGC, has been a supremely difficult to put priorities, because measures and immediate and urgent changes are needed. To medium term, Colombia should solve its institutional, normative problems and of infrastructure, to be able to have a true integral planning, that takes us to receive the next millennium with true energy self-sufficiency and a consolidation of the country in the export of coal and petroleum, if they take the necessary measures and avoid the lost of the self-sufficiency in hydrocarbons

Prostate cancer in Cali, Colombia, 1962-2011: incidence, mortality and survival

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Alejandro Restrepo

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objective. To analyze the trend in prostate cancer survival, incidence and mortality rates in Cali, Colombia from 1962 to 2011. Materials and methods. Based on the Cancer Registry of Cali, Colombia and the mortality registry of the City’s Public Health Secretary, incidence, mortality age-standardized rates and relative survival were calculated during 1962-2011. Results. Prostate cancer incidence rates increased sharply between 1986 and 2002 (APC: 6.21% and then leveled off. Mortality diminished in 1997 in men older than 70 years-old while in men aged 50-69 years declined since 1981. The 5-year-relative-survival was 69.8% (CI95% 67.5-72.0 and it was significantly associated with age, quinquennial period of diagnosis and socioeconomic strata. Conclusion. The increase in incidence rates of prostate cancer in time coincides with the implementation of the PSA in Cali. There is evidence of improvement in prostate cancer survival, and decreased prostate cancer mortality.

A CORRELATIONAL STUDY OF THE SOCIO-HUMANISTIC AREA IN SOME HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN COLOMBIA. Estudio correlacional del área sociohumnistica en algunas instituciones de Educación Superior en Colombia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Fernando Sanchez S.

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The following text introduces a description and analysis of the information obtained from documentary and statistical consultation in the various universities. It makes a comparative description of the curricular components that make up the unit in each of the Saint Bonaventure University branches, Colombia, and other higher institutions which are taken into consideration for the current study.RESUMEN: El siguiente texto presenta la descripción y análisis de la información obtenida a partir de la consulta documental y a expertos en las distintas instituciones universitarias. Hace una descripción comparativa de los componentes curriculares que integran la unidad en cada una de las seccionales USB Colombia y otras instituciones tenidas en cuenta para el presente estudio.

Outbreak of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Córdoba, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marylin Hidalgo

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF is a tick-borne disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. Although RMSF was first reported in Colombia in 1937, it remains a neglected disease. Herein, we describe the investigation of a large cluster of cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis in a new area of Colombia.

Distribución de Triatomíneos domiciliados en Colombia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Augusto Corredor Arjona

2000-08-01

Full Text Available

Se presentan los antecedentes de la presencia de triatominos domiciliados en Colombia desde la primera publicación hecha por el doctor César Uribe en 1929 (Editorial Minerva, Bogotá donde se consigna el hallazgo de Trypanosoma cruzi y Trypanosoma rangeli en 15 ejemplares de Rhodnius prolixus provenientes de Prado, Tolima. A continuación se analizan las demás publicaciones en orden cronológico. Informe del Profesor Emile Brumpt (Revista de Higiene, año XX – Números 11 y 12, 1939, Distribución de los Triatominos en Colombia, Hernando Ucrós, Hernando Rocha, Marcos Duque (Antioquia Médica Vol. 21 – 1971 No. 8; Distribution of Triatomine – transmitted trypanosomamiasis in Colombia and vew records of the bugs and infections. A. D’Alessandro, Pablo Barreto and C. A. Duarte R. (1972, J. Med. Ent. Vol. 8, No. 2: 159-172; Colombian Triatominae and their infestation with Trypanosomatid Flagellates. Marinkelle Cornelis J. (1972 Mitt Inst. – Aleman Invest. Cient. 6:13-29; Nuevos registros de triatominos domiciliarios y extradomiciliarios en Colombia. Antonio D’Alessandro, Pablo Barreto y Mauricio Thomas. Colombia Médica Vol. 12 No. 2 – 1981.

Basándose en la anterior información se llega a la conclusión de que los Triatominae domiciliados en Colombia se encuentran en poblaciones situadas sobre los 2.000msnm, principalmente en las zonas central y oriental del país.

El Instituto Nacional de Salud en el año de 1990, como una primera etapa para tratar de determinar la magnitud del problema de la tripanosomiasis americana en Colombia, realizó una investigación para establecer la verdadera distribución de los triatominos domiciliarios en el país.

El estudio se hizo usando el sistema de muestreo, en una muestra estadísticamente representativa. Se inspeccionaron las viviendas de las zonas rurales; se capturaron triatominos vectores que, posteriormente, fueron examinados sistemáticamente en búsqueda de

Enfermedad de Chagas en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Serpa Florez

1985-12-01

Full Text Available

Generalidades.

La tripanosomiasis americana o enfermedad de Chagas se halla ampliamente distribuida en Centro y Sur América. La Organización Mundial de la Salud considera que pueden haber doce millones de casos de esta dolencia en el continente (1, estudiados principalmente en Argentina, Brasil y Venezuela. Se calcula que en Colombia tendríamos una incidencia muy alta de casos, (Marinkelle (2 estima que 7.140/0 de la población podría estar infectada o sea cerca de dos millones de personas, distribuidos en las zonas rurales del nordeste del país (cuenca del Catatumbo Magdalena Medio y Llanos Orientales (Piedemonte, Macarena y Meta cercano (3 (4 (5 Y que seis millones de nuestros compatriotas -22.30/0 de la población total- (2 corren el riesgo de adquirir la enfermedad pues habitan en regiones donde se dan las condiciones para que ésta se propague.

RESEÑA HISTORICA DE LA ENFERMEDAD EN COLOMBIA
La existencia de casos de tripanosomiasis americana y de sus vectores fue comprobada en Colombia desde 1929 cuando César Uribe Piedrahita (6 encontró en Prado, Tolima, vectores del mal infectados con T.

cruzi e Ignacio Moreno Pérez observó dicho hemoflagelado en sangre de seres humanos en Cali (4. En los años siguientes Hernando Ucrós, Benjamín Otálora, Hernando Groot, Santiago Renjifo, Hernando Osorno, Carlos Duarte Rangel, C.J. Marinkelle, Augusto Corredor, Ernesto Suescún y varios otros investigadores colomb iano s describieron diversos focos de la enfermedad en Colombia y estudiaron la distribución de sus vectores y huéspedes intermediarios. En 1947 1. Caicedo y C. Hernández publicaron su informe sobre los primeros casos crónicos de enfermedad de Chagas comprobados en nuestro país, procedentes de la región de Fusagasugá, Cundinamarca (7 en tanto que, en 1961, Marcos Duque inicia los estudios sobre cardiopatía chagásica (8 y Hernando Rocha, en 1971, comunica

Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) and genotyping of isolates.

Science.gov (United States)

Santín, Mónica; Trout, James M; Vecino, Jesús A Cortés; Dubey, J P; Fayer, Ronald

2006-11-05

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cats from Bogota (Colombia) was determined from fecal specimens and scrapings of duodenal and ileal mucosa screened by PCR. All PCR-positive specimens were sequenced to determine the genotype(s) present. Of 46 cats, 6 (13%) were positive for Cryptosporidium, 5 (11%) were infected with C. felis and one (2%) with C. muris. Three (6.5%) cats were infected with Giardia duodenalis Assemblage F. Eight (17%) cats were infected with four genotypes of E. bieneusi: genotype D-like (9%), K (4%), Peru 10 (2%), and Peru 5 (2%). This is the first report on the presence of zoonotic species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi in cats in Colombia.

Microplastic resin pellets on an urban tropical beach in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Acosta-Coley, Isabel; Olivero-Verbel, Jesus

2015-07-01

Microplastics are a problem in oceans worldwide. The current situation in Latin America is not well known. This paper reports, for the first time, the presence of microplastics on an urban Caribbean beach in Cartagena, Colombia. Pellet samples were collected from a tourist beach over a 5-month period covering both dry and rainy seasons. Pellets were classified by color and their surface analyzed by stereomicroscopy, and some were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The most abundant pellets were white, presenting virgin surfaces, with few signs of oxidation. This is congruent with a short residence time in the marine environment and primary sources possibly located nearby. The frequency of white pellets did not change with sampling period. Surface features identified in the pellets included cracks, material loss, erosion, adhesion, granulation, color change, and glazed surfaces. Reticulated granular pellets exhibited the greatest degradation, easily generating submicroplastics. Sample composition was mostly polyethylene, followed by polypropylene. This pollution problem must be addressed by responsible authorities to avoid pellet deposition in oceans and on beaches around the world.

Methodology for an economic valuation of the mineral resources of Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Franco Sepulveda, Giovanni

2007-01-01

The present article presents a synthesis of the project of investigation; Methodology for an economic valuation of the mineral resources of Colombia, whose objective is the of proposing a methodology, specifically for the calcareous and coal deposits, like a tool for its administration, planning, regulation and control that it can be applied to the generality of the non renewable resources with the end to insert them in the states of national accounts in the long term

Environmental variables, remote sensing and geographical information systems applied to the study of Rhodnius prolixus distribution in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guhl, Felipe

2010-01-01

A data base of the entomological survey performer during the Chagas Disease National Control Programme (CHDNCP) in 1997 - 2001 and temporal satellite images masp containing 57 environmental variables were used to build Rhodnius prolixus dispersion predictive maps in Colombia, based on temporal images, Fourier analyses and a discriminative multivaried statistical analyses of the variables studied. The maps show the dispersion of this species and its implication on the Chagas disease transmission in Colombia. A clear division in the predictive dispersion of R. prolixus in two geographical zones was found: one area in the southeast of the Eastern Cordillera associated with the environmental variables used in the present study and a second zone in the Andean Valleys, East of the Eastern Cordillera not much defined by the same variables. This would suggest that the Southwest Region. of Colombia presents a tendency to a wider dispersion of R. prolixus associated to other variables like human intervention. Sylvatic populations of R. prolixus were found recently in Attalea butyracea palm trees in this Region of the Eastern Planes demonstrating the prediction of the presence of this species.

Aproximación genealógica a la población de vagos en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elías Castro Blanco

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo tiene como propósito reflexionar acerca de las políticas y dinámicas de control social e inclusión en Colombia, expresadas mediante el ordenamiento jurídico, plasmado en la legislación que contempla lo relacionado con la estructura institucional a nivel nacional, regional y local. El Derecho contribuyó en buena medida a regular las tensiones de inclusión y exclusión social en Colombia, como fue el hecho de conminar a los vagos a trabajar en la construcción de carreteras, caminos y labores agropecuarias en las Colonias Penales.

Arbitrage with ADRs: a sectorial case study for companies in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil and Chile Arbitraje con ADRs: un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, México, Brasil y Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrés Mauricio Mora

2011-10-01

Full Text Available This research continues the paper “Generalidades de los ADRs: Un estudio de casosectorial para empresas de Colombia, Mexico, Brasil y Chile” [ADRs generalities: a sectorial case study for companies in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil and Chile]. It is organizedin two sections. The first one covers the unique price theory and the efficient markets hypothesis. In the second one, arbitrage conditions with ADRs are empirically evaluated. The objective is to prove the existence of price differentials between stocks and ADRs, which would allow investors to obtain a risk free return.El presente artículo es la continuación del artículo “Generalidades de los ADRs: Un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, México, Brasil y Chile” y al igual que este, es un subproducto de la investigación “Arbitraje con ADRs: Un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, México, Brasil y Chile”. El artículo se divide en dos partes, en la primera se trata la teoría sobre la ley del precio único y la hipótesis de los mercados eficientes, y en la segunda parte se abarca el tema de arbitraje con activos financieros desde la práctica, haciendo un ejercicio econométrico de arbitraje con ADRs. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprobar la existencia de diferenciales de precio entre las acciones y sus respectivos ADRs, lo que permitiría a los inversionistas obtener una ganancia libre de riesgo.Abstract This research continues the paper “Generalidades de los ADRs: Un estudio de caso sectorial para empresas de Colombia, Mexico, Brasil y Chile” [ADRs generalities: a sectorial case study for companies in Colombia, Mexico, Brazil and Chile]. It is organized in two sections. The first one covers the unique price theory and the efficient markets hypothesis. In the second one, arbitrage conditions with ADRs are empirically evaluated. The objective is to prove the existence of price differentials between stocks and ADRs, which would allow

Comparación de la corrosividad atmosférica del acero al carbono en Colombia y Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delgado Lastra, Juan

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Samples of structural carbon steel were exposed to the atmosphere in a number of sites in Colombia and Cuba for periods of 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Corrosion rate was determined by mass loss measurements, and cause-effect relationship to exposure time and pollutants (deposited chloride and sulfur oxides were calculated. Analysis let to adjust models by the multiple regression method. Also, comparison of atmospheric corrosion rates between Colombia and Cuba were done using covariance analysis.

Se expusieron a la atmósfera probetas de aceros estructurales de bajo contenido de carbono, en varios sitios de Colombia y Cuba, que se retiraron a intervalos de 2, 3, 6, 12, 18 y 24 meses. Se determinó la corrosión por pérdida de masa y se buscaron relaciones de causalidad con el tiempo de exposición y las cantidades de cloruro y óxidos de azufre depositados. El análisis permitió ajustar modelos de regresión múltiple y también, a través de variables dicótomas, realizar la comparación de la corrosión atmosférica entre Colombia y Cuba, mediante análisis de covarianza.

La universidad y la paz en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suzy Bermúdez Q.

2001-04-01

Full Text Available La crisis notoria que vive Colombia, manifiesta particularmente desde los noventas del siglo pasado, por razones como el conflicto armado, procesos de ingobernabilidad, inseguridad ciudadana y el deterioro económico, ha tenido una significativa incidencia en las universidades del país, generándose en ellas respuestas diferenciadas al respecto. El presente escrito, con carácter exploratorio, tiene cuatro propósitos: primero hacer referencia a algunas de las acciones que se han llevado a cabo desde las instituciones – enfrentándose éstas a duros cuestionamientos en los últimos decenios, ante el recrudecimiento de la crisis antes expuesta; segundo, reseñar programas de educación para la paz o en temáticas afines que se ofrecen al público en el presente como ejemplo de las tareas llevadas a cabo; tercero, presentar unas ideas finales frente a los puntos desarrollados; y cuarto, anexar una lista de publicaciones producidas por centros universitarios sobre violencia, conflicto y paz a partir de 1980, para complementar la información consignada y ejemplificar algunas afirmaciones expuestas en el texto.Because of armed conflict, processes of nongovernability, economic decline, among others, Colombia has passed through a deep crisis, particularly since the1990s, which has significantly impacted its universities, where several responses to this crisis have been generate. This exploratory text has four objectives: first, to make reference to some of the actions that institutions –which have faced severe critiques during the last decades– have carried out in order to reply to this crisis; second, to review the educational programs in peace and related topics that are presently offered to the public as an example of the actions carried out; third, to present some conclusions about the aspects developed here; and finally, to provide a list of documents published by universities about violence, conflict, and peace since 1980 in order to

"No bastan muros de piedra para hacer una prisión": la vida cotidiana de los internos de la cárcel Villahermosa, Cali, Colombia

OpenAIRE

Nieto Castillo, Harold Mauricio

2014-01-01

The current article, derived from a piece of research, describes the prison situation in Colombia, in the last few years, making emphasis on the particular overcrowding situation at "Villahermosa" Prison in the city of Cali, Colombia. Lastly, an analysis of the daily living conditions at that prison is made. El presente artículo derivado de investigación, describe la situación carcelaria en Colombia en los últimos años, haciendo énfasis sobre la situación particular del hacinamiento en el ...

DIFICULTADES EN LA IMPLEMENTACION DEL PLAN BEPS EN COLOMBIA

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez-Díaz, Nidia Rocio

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar las principales dificultades que debe contraponer Colombia en la implementación del Plan BEPS, cuyo objetivo principal es evitar la erosión de las bases imponibles, lo cual requiere efectuar diversos cambios principalmente en la normatividad referente a aspectos contables y tributarios. Precisamente es esta situación la que genera mayores dificultades, por cuanto entre los Estados se genera competencia al tratar de atraer nuevos inversionistas...

Measurement on Usage of the Internet Banking in Colombia

OpenAIRE

Fredy ECS; Torres JMS

2015-01-01

Internet Banking is a set of financial services through internet platforms. Its measure is oriented towards infrastructures more than users. For such a reason, it is required to understand the needs of strengthening measurements in Internet Banking uses. In Colombia, there were no studies identified in measurement of Internet Banking most used service and motivating factors for such uses. Therefore, the purpose of this study herein is to present the results on the measurements of Internet Ban...

Violence and health in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saúl Franco Agudelo

1997-09-01

Full Text Available In Colombia, violence seems uncontrollable. Along with massacres and group killings of astonishing cruelty, there are also kidnappings and disappearances, abuse of children and the elderly, and rape of young adolescents. Every day, without respite, Colombians are witnesses or victims of street crimes as well as racial, sexual, and socioeconomic discrimination. Unwillingly, they become agents of aggression in public transport, at home, at school, and at work. Colombia has the highest rates of mortality from homicide in the world. Apart from the enormous institutional burden that violence imposes on the health services and forensic medicine, it now constitutes the principal public health problem in the country. To confront it, the health sector must develop policies and finance actions, develop innovative ways to train personnel, implement public education processes, and devote more effort and greater creativity to research, which up to now has provided some important, albeit insufficient, responses. Violence, which is the substitution of force for any type of dialogue, must be considered within the context of life and health. Doing so is not an attempt to rationalize violence, much less to substitute words or reflection for action, but rather an attempt to understand it in depth in order to search for alternatives. With that goal, this article analyzes the subject of violence in Colombia, principally from the perspective of its effect on the health of the citizens and its implications for the health sector. The author fully recognizes the subjectivity and limitations of the views he expresses herein.

Analisis situacional de la Educación Superior en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Láster Alfonso Gutiérrez Cuadro

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen:El análisis que se presenta en este trabajo tiene como propósito, proporcionar a los lectores la realidad de la EducaciónSuperior en Colombia; a para partir de esas realidades se puede emprender un estudio sobre las fortalezasy debilidades de las organizaciones o instituciones de educación superior, de tal manera que permita identificar lasamenazas y oportunidades que están presentes en el mercado, y que a partir de la observación y análisis de ellas,se presente procesos innovadores y de creación para ofrecer nuevas propuestas de formación con flexibilidad,subsidiaridad y un alto grado de desarrollo de competencias y habilidades propias de un mercado laboral cada díamás exigente y competitivo.Palabras Claves:Amenazas, Oportunidades, Flexibilidad Curricular, Subsidiaridad.Abstract:The analysis presented in this job provided readers the real state of higher education in Colombia using these statescan undertake a study on the strengths and weaknesses of the organizations or institutions of higher education inorder to identify the threats and opportunities that are present in the market, and from the observation and analysisof them, this innovative and creative processes offer a new training proposals with flexibility, and a high degreedevelopment of skills and abilities for an increasingly demanding and competitive labor market.Key Words:Desertion, strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities, academic offerings, environmental realities.

Phylogenetic history demonstrates two different lineages of dengue type 1 virus in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mendez Jairo A

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Dengue Fever is one of the most important viral re-emergent diseases affecting about 50 million people around the world especially in tropical and sub-tropical countries. In Colombia, the virus was first detected in the earliest 70's when the disease became a major public health concern. Since then, all four serotypes of the virus have been reported. Although most of the huge outbreaks reported in this country have involved dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1, there are not studies about its origin, genetic diversity and distribution. Results We used 224 bp corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of envelope (E gene from 74 Colombian isolates in order to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and to estimate time divergences. Analyzed DENV-1 Colombian isolates belonged to the formerly defined genotype V. Only one virus isolate was clasified in the genotype I, likely representing a sole introduction that did not spread. The oldest strains were closely related to those detected for the first time in America in 1977 from the Caribbean and were detected for two years until their disappearance about six years later. Around 1987, a split up generated 2 lineages that have been evolving separately, although not major aminoacid changes in the analyzed region were found. Conclusion DENV-1 has been circulating since 1978 in Colombia. Yet, the phylogenetic relationships between strains isolated along the covered period of time suggests that viral strains detected in some years, although belonging to the same genotype V, have different recent origins corresponding to multiple re-introduction events of viral strains that were circulating in neighbor countries. Viral strains used in the present study did not form a monophyletic group, which is evidence of a polyphyletic origin. We report the rapid spread patterns and high evolution rate of the different DENV-1 lineages.

El impacto del Plan Colombia a la asistencia internacional en Carchi, Sucumbíos y Esmeraldas 1998-2001

OpenAIRE

Guzmán León, Alicia

2003-01-01

La presente tesis tiene como propósito principal plantear las tendencias de asistencia internacional registradas en las provincias del norte previa la aplicación del Plan Colombia y posterior a la misma. El objetivo central de esta investigación es determinar cómo está conformada la asistencia en estas tres provincias, quiénes son los donantes, agencias ejecutoras e instituciones beneficiarias para establecer las dinámicas que se generan a partir del Plan Colombia en esta zona ...

[Genetic variability of the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Burkholderiales: Burholderiaceae) in the banana-growing region of Uraba (Colombia)].

Science.gov (United States)

Cardozo, Carolina; Rodríguez, Paola; Cotes, José Miguel; Marín, Mauricio

2010-03-01

The banana moko disease, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most important phytopathological problems of the banana agribusiness in tropical countries. In Uraba and Magdalena (Colombia), the main exporting regions of banana in Colombia, this disease causes a destruction estimated in 16.5 ha/year. The bacterium presents an extremely high level of genetic variation that affects control measures. This is the first study of its variation in Colombia and was done with AFLP molecular markers on a population of 100 isolates from banana plants, soils and "weeds". The high level of genetic diversity, with Nei and Shannon indexes of h=0.32 and I=0.48, respectively, and the AMOVA, showed that this population is subestructured (Fst=0.66): the host is the main factor of differentiation. Even so, previous tests show that all varieties have pathogenicity on Musa.

Counterinsurgency Lessons from Colombia: An Assessment of the Colombian Army Transformation from 1998 to 2010

Science.gov (United States)

2014-12-01

had initiated the process of 209 Marks, “Colombian Military Support for ‘Democratic Security,’” 204. 210 Carlos Ospina, La Estrategia en Colombia...Francisco Leal Buitrago. Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial Norma, 2006. Ospina Ovalle, Carlos Alberto. La Estrategia en Colombia: Variaciones del Centro de

Reporte financiero Burkenroad - Enka de Colombia S.A.

OpenAIRE

Jaramillo Estrada, Adriana; Tobón Flórez, Wilmer Andrés

2015-01-01

La recomendación de comprar la acción de Enka de Colombia S.A. se fundamenta en una estrategia sólida que busca un equilibrio entre la sostenibilidad, el impacto social, ambiental y ético, y la eficiencia en costos -- Adicionalmente, su diversificación del portafolio incursionando en proyectos como el denominado B2B (Botella-a-Botella) en el que se construyó la planta de reciclaje de PET que convierte a Enka en el líder de reciclaje PET en Colombia -- Otro proyecto que ha entrado en funcio...

MICROCRÉDITO EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Barona Z

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene como propósitos: proporcionar una visión general de la forma en que el financiamiento de los microempresarios y los estratos más vulnerables de la población ha sido abocada en Colombia; resumir los grandes retos que enfrenta en la actualidad el programa de microfinanzas en el mundo, presentar el programa de investigación que están adelantando las Universidades Icesi y del Valle en Colombia en asocio con la Universidad de Laval en Canadá y con algunos centros de Investigación de Filipinas, Marruecos y Benin y algunos resultados parciales de este esfuerzo investigativo; y, presentar algunas recomendaciones tendientes a fortalecer a las organizaciones microfinancieras en el país. Una revisión de la historia y el estado actual del microcrédito en Colombia indica que los esfuerzos hasta ahora realizados parecen haberse quedado muy cortos frente a las necesidades de financiación de los microempresarios: la cobertura de microemepresarios alcanzada por instituciones gubernamentales, ONG y la banca convencional ha sido muy baja. En cuanto a los retos que afronta el movimiento microfinanciero en el mundo dos muy importantes son (i, clarificar el efecto de los diferentes esfuerzos de microcrédito realizados en la reducción de la pobreza de la población del país y, (ii, identificar mecanismos para lograr un aumento significativo de la cobertura mediante un balance adecuado entre regulación, supervisión y disciplina de mercado. Los principales resultados (parciales obtenidos en la línea de investigación descrita en este artículo son (i, contrario a lo que con frecuencia se asume, a medida que una organización cooperativa crece en tamaño no necesariamente se torna más eficiente: los posibles beneficios de la mayor escala fueron más que compensados en las empresas estudiadas por nosotros por la propensión al gasto excesivo que exhiben los gerentes en caso de instituciones de mayor tamaño (ii, las cooperativas

La masacre del Palacio de Justicia. Ejemplo emblemático del Terrorismo de Estado en Colombia (6-7 de noviembre de 1985

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vega Cantor, Renán

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Resumen. El presente texto presenta un estudio sobre la conocida Toma del palacio de Justicia de Colombia por parte de la insurgencia del M-19 y la posterior retoma del Ejercito Nacional; allí se configuró una masacre que es necesario no solo recordar sino analizar luego de 30 años de haber ocurrido el hecho (6 y 7 de noviembre de 1985, que marcó la historia de Colombia. Este sangriento episodio, se constituyen en un laboratorio para entender los mecanismos que caracterizan el terrorismo de Estado a la colombiana ¿qué ocurrió realmente? Abstract. This paper presents a study on the known Storming of the Palace of Justice of Colombia by the insurgency of the M-19 and the subsequent retake of the National Army. There a massacre was set up, which is necessary to not only remember, but to analyze the fact, after 30 years of its occurrence (November 6th and 7th, 1985, which marked the history of Colombia. This bloody episode becomes a laboratory for understanding the mechanisms that characterize the Colombian state terrorism. What was it that really happened?

LA INGENIERÍA GENÉTICA DE PLANTAS EN COLOMBIA: UN CAMINO EN CONSTRUCCIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Chaparro Giraldo

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Se reportan en Colombia trabajos en el desarrollo de líneas genéticamente modificadas (GM de arroz, yuca, algodón, papa, caña de azúcar, café, maíz, soya, estevia y crisantemo, por parte de centros centros de investigación (CIAT, CENICAÑA, CENICAFE, CIB, CORPOICA y tres universidades (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Javeriana, Universidad de Antioquia. Para llegar a la liberación comercial de variedades GM, se requiere de verdaderas políticas públicas en ciencia y tecnología, que den financiación suficiente y oportuna, así como resolver problemas con la maraña de patentes que limitan o impiden el desarrollo de innovaciones biotecnológicas, además de un paquete regulatorio, que incrementa significativamente los costos de desarrollo.  ABSTRACT Here in Colombia have been reported efforts on the development of genetically modified (GM crops, like: rice, cassava, cotton, potato, sugar cane, coffee, corn, soy, stevia and chrysanthemum, by five research center (CIAT, CENICAÑA, CENICAFE, CIB, CORPOICA and three universities (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Javeriana, Universidad de Antioquia. To get to the commercial release of GM varieties, real public policies on science and technology are needed, giving sufficient and timely funding, as well as to solve problems with the tangle of patents that limit or prevent the development of biotechnological innovations, and it is also required suffice funding to go through the regulatory issues, which significantly increase the cost of those developments.

Frequency-Dependent Social Transmission and the Interethnic Transfer of Female Genital Modification in the African Diaspora and Indigenous Populations of Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Ross, Cody T; Campiño, Patricia Joyas; Winterhalder, Bruce

2015-12-01

We present a quantitative account based on ethnographic and documentary research of the prevalence of female genital modification (FGMo) in the African diaspora and indigenous populations of Colombia. We use these data to test hypotheses concerning the cultural evolutionary drivers of costly trait persistence, attenuation, and intergroup transmission. The uptake of FGMo by indigenous populations in Colombia is consistent with frequency-dependent hypotheses for the social transmission of the FGMo trait from the African diaspora population in the period following the era of slavery in Colombia. The prevalence and severity of practices related to FGMo decline with level of sociocultural integration into mainstream Colombian culture. Our results provide empirical support for the cultural evolutionary models proposed by Ross et al. (2015) to describe the transmission dynamics of FGMo and other costly traits. Analysis of costly trait dynamics contributes knowledge useful to applied anthropology and may be of interest in policy design and human rights monitoring in Colombia and elsewhere.

La diáspora china: un acercamiento a la migración china en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Friederike Fleischer

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The Chinese diaspora is the largest and most extensive among the world's migrant populations. Recent estimates put the number of Chinese emigrants at 40 million people. Far from being a homogenous group, members of the Chinese diaspora have diverse economic, cultural, social, educational, and personal backgrounds as well as very different life stories and emigration experiences. Despite the growing interest in the Pacific Rim and the constant immigration of Chinese to the Americas through the 20[th] century, there is very little information about their migration to Colombia. This article explores the topic from a historical point of view in order to fill this void. The little that is known about Chinese migrants to Colombia is presented in the context of a discussion on the diaspora in order to highlight the transnationality and multiplicity of identities among this migrant group. The article also examines the similarities and differences between Chinese migration to Colombia and other countries in Latin America and on other continents, relating these particularities to local contexts.

COMERCIO DE FAUNA SILVESTRE EN COLOMBIA WILDLIFE TRADE IN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Néstor Javier Mancera Rodríguez

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo ofrece un panorama sobre las actividades relacionadas con el comercio de bienes derivados de las especies de fauna silvestre en Colombia, abordando el tema desde el desarrollo que ha tenido su actividad productiva, el aprovechamiento extractivo, así como la dinámica de su comercio legal e ilegal en el país y el desarrollo y promoción de alternativas productivas sustentadas en su aprovechamiento. Se analizó la información secundaria de entidades como el Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, las Corporaciones Autónomas Regionales y Autoridades Ambientales Urbanas, el Instituto Colombiano de Desarrollo Rural-INCODER, las Autoridades Policiales, los Institutos de Investigación, el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales-DIAN, el Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo, y PROEXPORT. entre otras. En Colombia, el comercio de especies de fauna silvestre está centrado principalmente en la extracción de ejemplares de forma ilegal, lo cual ha generado desequilibrios en las poblaciones naturales y ha repercutido en el deterioro de la dinámica de los ecosistemas. El comercio legal de fauna silvestre se basa en la producción de unas pocas especies entre las que se destacan la babilla (Caiman crocodilus, el chigüiro (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, cerca de 200 especies de peces ornamentales y en menor medida el lobo pollero (Tupinambis nigropunctatus, la iguana (Iguana iguana, la boa (Boa constrictor, escarabajos (Dynastes hercules y mariposas. En el país no se tiene información exacta sobre el número de incautaciones realizadas en los operativos de control al tráfico ilegal de fauna, y no existe un conocimiento de la dinámica de este comercio ilegal.This work offers a current view on the activities related to the trade of derived from the wildlife species in Colombia, approaching the topic from the development that has had its productive activity

Incrementando las relaciones comerciales entre Colombia y China

OpenAIRE

Ahcar Olmos, Jaime Rafael; Osorio Medina, Emma

2008-01-01

Después de las reformas de fi nales de los años setenta, China consiguió su despegue económico a tal punto que, en la actualidad, se consolida como uno de los mercados más importantes del mundo, recibiendo la atención de investigadores y hombres de negocios a lo largo del planeta. En Colombia existen pocos estudios que hayan explorado las relaciones comerciales con China; en tal sentido, el presente artículo ofrece una amplia revisión de fuentes estadística...

Rickettsiosis, una enfermedad letal emergente y re-emergente en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan David Rodas González

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Rickettsiosis: a deadly emerging and re-emerging disease in Colombia. Rickettsiosis was first described in Colombia in 1937 byDr Luis Patiño during an outbreak of a disease with unspecific signs. Rickettsia is a genus of Gram-negative intracellular obligatorybacteria having caused several epidemics around the world, and are transmitted mainly by ticks, fleas, lice and mites. The most fatalwithin this group of diseases is known as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF, which is caused by Rickettsia rickettsia. There is alsothe endemic typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi and epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. In Colombia, several outbreaks ofRMSF have occurred during the last decade. The best known among those have hit the municipalities of Necoclí and Turbo, in Antioquiain 2006 and 2008 respectively, and Los Cordobas in the department of Cordoba in 2007. The goal of this review is to describe the state ofthe art of rickettsiosis, a forgotten lethal disease that has re-emerged in our country, and leave some questions as an inspiration for future research that will hopefully lead scientists to a better understanding of this entity potentially endemic in some areas of Colombia.

Análisis del comercio exterior de autopartes en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín Darío Arango Serna

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Background: The international trade is understood as “the interchange of goods and services between people living in different countries” [1]. International trade activities performed from Colombia are based on mercantilist theory, which is founded in the increase of wealth starting from a positive trade balance. Objective: To analyze the Colombian auto parts industry in order to understand its behavior, given its relevance for the national economy, as it represents 6.2% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product. Methodology: Review and analysis of foreign trade of spare parts in Colombia, based on scientific literature, government documents and the information registered at the system of foreign trade -SICEX. Results: An analysis of the trade balance for the spare parts sector in Colombia is showed, providing relevant elements about the registered tariff items in the import and export operations of auto parts in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Conclusion: This paper identifies the main companies, products, countries of origin and destiny for the foreign trade operation of automotive spare parts in Colombia, given the influence and contribution of this industry for the economic growth of the country.

Insights on a Feminist Ethnography of the Free Software Community in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tania Pérez Bustos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The article presents the ethnographic insights of a woman researcher that investigates the role of a group of women inside the Free Software community in Colombia. Particularly the article questions how the ethnographic practice, from a feminist perspective, contributes to the (reconstruction of gender as an analytical category on the social realities it studies.

Colombia extends its exploration horizon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carta Petrolera

1997-01-01

The Return 1 Contract, currently being awarded under the tender system, faithfully reflects Colombia's new approach to hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. This policy aims to increase reserves and has Ecopetrol assume a more aggressive role in its direct activities by sharing the exploration risks with private partners

Amendment of the Foreign lnvestment Juridical regime in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Vargas Guzman

1992-12-01

Full Text Available Colombia, integrated in the Andean Group, is now going through a period of economic and institutional modernization and has initiated a serie of modifications, specially of its international trade, finantial, tax, exchange and labour regimes. These have involved some changes which guarantee legislative stability to investors and thus set the grounds for the foreign participation in the economic modernization and internationalization process in Colombia. These facilities need the support of developed countries to achieve its aims.

Cotylophoron panamensis (digenea: paramphistomidae) in cattle from Meta and Guaviare, Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopez Martinez, Jessika; Velasquez Trujillo, Luz Elena

2012-01-01

Some species of Paramphistomidae (Trematoda: Digenea) that parasitize the digestive system of ruminants can cause decreases in milk and meat production. In Colombia, paramphistomosis cattle have been recorded from 1) dairy farms at high altitudes in the mountains of Antioquia (northwestern Colombia) where Cotylophoron cotylophorum was described as the causative agent; and 2) from lowland savannas in eastern Colombia, which has been attributed to several species of Paramphistomidae but with records remaining to be confirmed. Therefore, the discovery of digenea of cattle slaughtered in Guamal, Meta (eastern Colombia), was an opportunity to start with the description of the Paramphistomidae in this region. Between 2006 and 2008, we sampled 715 adult flukes from the rumen of 32 cattle from the departments of Meta and Guaviare. The morphological analysis shows that the adult has the following features typical of the family Paramphistomidae: Laurers canal crossing the excretory vesicle and opening posteriorly to the excretory pore; acetabulum small as in the genus Cotylophoron; pharynx as in Calicophoron; genital sucker without sphincter; absence of esophageal bulb and the lateral and dorsal vitellaria converging posteriorly in the body, below the acetabulum, as in C. panamensis. This study confirms the presence of paramfistomosis in Meta and it is the first report of Cotylophoron panamensis in cattle from the department of Guaviare, therefore expanding its geographic range in Colombia.

Algunos aspectos de la distribución del ingreso en Colombia lncome distribution in Colombia: some aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muños C. Manuel

1990-12-01

Full Text Available

La elaboración de indicadores de pobreza en Colombia ha sido objeto de varios estudios en el Departamento Nacional de Estadística, DANE, pero sólo ahora se intenta un análisis de la distribución de ingreso que explique las causas de la pobreza relativa. Con base en la información sobre la distribución del ingreso per cápita de las personas, según características socio demográficas, y a partir de la distribución de los ingresos laborales, se concluye que:  el mayor grado de desigualdad se observa en las categorías de ingresos de capital y ocasionales; los ingresos menos concentrados son los salarios y las transferencias;- la fuente principal de ingresos es la laboral; - la variable que mejor explica la distribución de ingresos de los ocupados es el nivel de educación y, por lo tanto, este es un elemento esencial de la movilidad social en Colombia; - y, por último, es significativa la dependencia entre los ingresos percibidos por los hombres y por las mujeres.

ANALYSIS OF THE GASOLINE PRICE IN COLOMBIA: APPROXIMATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARYLONE MONTOYA-TORRES

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El siguiente trabajo presenta un análisis de la estructura de precios de la gasolina en Colombia entre los años 1999-2009, haciendo una comparación de la resolución con la que el gobierno colombiano fija el precio actual con respecto al de venta al público en general en las diferentes estaciones de abastecimiento. Al inicio se muestra cómo influye el precio del WTI en el precio de la gasolina en países como Estados Unidos, Venezuela y Francia, en tanto que para Colombia la relación aún no es muy clara. Luego se exponen los factores usados para fijar el precio de la gasolina en Colombia. Finalmente, se concluye que el precio de la gasolina colombiana es muy alto y no sigue la ecuación propuesta por el gobierno y los factores que más influyen en el precio final son el ingreso al productor afectado principalmente por el WTI y la Tasa Representativa del Mercado.

Gestión del riesgo natural y el caso de Colombia

OpenAIRE

Duque Escobar, Gonzalo

2008-01-01

Necesidad de reducir los efectos de los desastres por la vía de la vulnerabilidad en Latinoamérica y El Caribe, y particularmente en Colombia. El SINPAD y las amenazas naturales en Colombia. La gestión ambiental, los riesgos específico y de cúmulo, y relaciones con CTS.

Impact evaluation on health: three case studies for Colombia

OpenAIRE

Gaviria Garces, Carlos Felipe

2017-01-01

The present work uses impact evaluation tools in health economics to analyze three different issues in Colombia. The first issue is how losing health insurance for young adults affects medical service usage and health outcomes. Results show that losing health insurance when turning 18 years old increases visits to the ED, reduces preventive care visits with a physician, and increases the usage of private medical services (out-of-pocket) for young adults. For the second issue, we measure how e...

[International reference prices and cost minimization analysis for the regulation of medicine prices in Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

Vacca, Caludia; Acosta, Angela; Rodriguez, Ivan

2011-01-01

To suggest a scheme of decision making on pricing for medicines that are part of Free Regulated Regime, a regulation way of the pharmaceutical pricing policy in Colombia. It includes two regulation tools: international reference prices and a cost minimization analysis methodology. Following the current pricing policy, international reference prices were built with data from five countries for selected medicines, which are under Free Regulated Regime. The cost minimization analysis methodology includes selection of those medicines under Free Regulated Regime with possible comparable medicines, selection of comparable medicines, and treatment costs evaluation. As a result of the estimate of International Reference Prices, four medicines showed in the domestic pharmaceutical market a bigger price than the Reference Price. A scheme of decision-making was design containing two possible regulation tools for medicines that are part of Free Regulated Regime: estimate of international reference prices and cost minimization analysis methodology. This diagram would be useful to assist the pricing regulation of Free Regulated Regime in Colombia. As present results shows, international reference prices make clear when domestic prices are higher than those of reference countries. In the current regulation of pharmaceutical prices in Colombia, the international reference price has been applied for four medicines. Would be suitable to extend this methodology to other medicines of high impact on the pharmaceutical expenditure, in particular those covered by public funding. The availability of primary sources about treatment costs in Colombia needs to be improved as a requirement to develop pharmaco-economic evidence. SISMED is an official database that represents an important primary source of medicines prices in Colombia. Nevertheless, having into account that SISMED represents an important advantage of transparency in medicines prices, it needs to be improved in quality and data

Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Colombia: first report of the A2 mating type.

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas, Angela M; Quesada Ocampo, Lina M; Céspedes, Maria Catalina; Carreño, Natalia; González, Adriana; Rojas, Alejandro; Zuluaga, A Paola; Myers, Kevin; Fry, William E; Jiménez, Pedro; Bernal, Adriana J; Restrepo, Silvia

2009-01-01

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight in crops of the Solanaceae family, is one of the most important plant pathogens in Colombia. Not only are Solanum lycopersicum, and S. tuberosum at risk, but also several other solanaceous hosts (Physalis peruviana, S. betaceum, S. phureja, and S. quitoense) that have recently gained importance as new crops in Colombia may be at risk. Because little is known about the population structure of Phytophthora infestans in Colombia, we report here the phenotypic and molecular characterization of 97 isolates collected from these six different solanaceous plants in Colombia. All the isolates were analyzed for mating type, mitochondrial haplotypes, genotype for several microsatellites, and sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. This characterization identified a single individual of A2 mating type (from Physalis peruviana) for the first time in Colombia. All isolates had an ITS sequence that was at least 97% identical to the consensus sequence. Of the 97 isolates, 96 were mitochondrial haplotype IIa, with the single A2 isolate being Ia. All isolates were invariant for the microsatellites. Additionally, isolates collected from S. tuberosum and P. peruviana (64 isolates) were tested for: aggressiveness on both hosts, genotype for the isozymes (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase), and restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprint pattern as detected by RG57. Isolates from S. tuberosum were preferentially pathogenic on S. tuberosum, and isolates from P. peruviana were preferentially pathogenic on P. peruviana. The population from these two hosts was dominated by a single clonal lineage (59 of 64 individuals assayed), previously identified from Ecuador and Peru as EC-1. This lineage was mating type A1, IIa for mitochondrial DNA, invariant for two microsatellites, and invariant for both isozymes. The remaining four A1 isolates were in lineages very closely related to EC-1 (named EC-1.1, CO

The Search for Accountability and Transparency in Plan Colombia: Reforming Judicial Institutions - Again

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Nagle, Luz

2001-01-01

The author argues that confidence in an efficient, courageous and transparent judiciary goes to the very heart of the governability of Colombia, and that Plan Colombia does not address the root causes...

Problematic of mining environmental liabilities in Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arango Aramburo, Marcela; Olaya, Yris

2012-01-01

Mining environmental liabilities (PAM from its acronym in Spanish) are areas where there is a need for restoration, mitigation or compensation for environmental damage or unmanaged impact, produced by inactive or abandoned mining that threatens health, quality of life or public or private property. In Colombia the environmental liabilities from mining have not been regulated, but given the age and the prevalence of informality in mining, there is increasing interest in defining, regulating and managing these obligations. In this paper we approach the problem of valuing mining environmental liabilities by examining different management approaches for such liabilities around the world. We also identify key information requirements to manage mining environmental liabilities in Colombia.

La paradoja de un Liberalismo Intervencionista: Colombia, años treinta, cuarentas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Andrés Ferreira Vélez

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es indagar el escenario ideológico de los decenios de 1930-40 en Colombia, a partir de la historia de las doctrinas económicas, desde las teorías, los discursos y las políticas económicas que plantearon los gobiernos de la República Liberal (1930-1946 y los intelectuales liberales de la época. El artículo plantea que los liberales durante estos cuatro gobiernos intentaron transformar los lineamientos económicos del laissez faire, que según ellos habían guiado a la economía colombiana hasta la crisis de 1930, por un intervencionismo liberal. A partir de esto, se adhirieron a la corriente utilitarista del liberalismo que estaba en boga en la época, donde el bien común debe estar por encima del bien particular, y donde el Estado debe intervenir en la economía para democratizar el acceso a la propiedad sobre el capital, la tierra y la riqueza. Después de consolidada la legislación intervencionista durante el primer gobierno de López Pumarejo y los fines sociales que planteaban los principios del intervencionismo liberal en la constitución de 1936, el gobierno de Eduardo Santos intentó consolidar el modelo de crecimiento equilibrado, el cual materializaría dichos principios y a su vez cambiaría el papel económico de Colombia en el escenario internacional, aprovechando la ventaja que ofrecía la coyuntura económica propiciada por la segunda guerra mundial y su cese de importaciones.______________________ABSTRACT:The aim of this article is to investigate the ideological scene of the decades 1930-40 in Colombia, starting from the economic doctrines history, from theories, speeches and economic policies that the Liberal Republic governments (1930-1946 and liberal intellectuals of the time approached. The article suggests that liberals, during these four-year government, tried to transform the economic guidelines of laissez faire that, according to them, had guided the Colombian economy until the

Feminicidio en Colombia: reconocimiento de fenómeno social a delito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omar Huertas Díaz

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen El presente artículo tiene como finalidad evidenciar el desarrollo y construcción del término feminicidio en Colombia, a través de la descripción de sus antecedentes, hasta el momento que inicia su consolidación gracias a la motivación de los movimientos feministas, así como de mujeres en Latinoamérica, dando paso al uso del término en Colombia por parte de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, entidad que lo emplea en una sentencia que dirime un recurso de apelación. Finalmente se realiza la descripción del feminicidio como un delito autónomo, pues Colombia para el mes de Julio de 2015 sanciono la norma que lo contempla como tal. Palabras clave: Feminicidio, Fenómeno social, Delito. Abstract This article aims to show the development of the notion of femicide in Colombia. This document outlines its historical background by analyzing how the empowerment feminist movements have made the society aware of this phenomenon. It was the Supreme Court, the highest judicial body that used this notion to give a decision on an appeal. Finally the description of femicide as a separate offense was enacted as law in July, 2015, in Colombia. Key words: Femicide, Social phenomenon, Criminal offence. Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar o desenvolvimento e construção do feminicídio na Colômbia, através da descrição de sua história, iniciando sua consolidação graças à motivação do movimento feminista e de mulheres na América Latina, dando passo para o uso do termo na Colômbia pelo Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, uma organização que utilizou o termo em uma sentença a um recurso de apelação. Finalmente, se efetua a descrição do feminicídio como uma infracção autônoma para a Colômbia no mês de julho de 2015 que sancionou a norma validando o termo. Palavras-chave: Femicídio, Fenômeno social, Crime. 

Incrementando Las Relaciones Comerciales Entre Colombia Y China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Rafael Ahcar Olmos

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Después de las reformas de finales de los años setenta, China consiguió su despegue económico a tal punto que, en la actualidad, se consolida como uno de los mercados más importantes del mundo, recibiendo la atención de investigadores y hombres de negocios a lo largo del planeta. En Colombia existen pocos estudios que hayan explorado las relaciones comerciales con China; en tal sentido, el presente artículo ofrece una amplia revisión de fuentes estadísticas y referencias bibliográficas, dando luces sobre las características y los factores que afectan las relaciones comerciales bilaterales. Los resultados muestran que, si bien China es un valioso proveedor de mercancías para Colombia, las exportaciones hacia ese país aún se encuentran por debajo de su potencial, y se genera un déficit comercial enorme. También muestra que las exportaciones colombianas hacia China se hallan concentradas en unos pocos productos y que dado el tamaño y potencialidad de esta economía, se deberían comenzar negociaciones comerciales que busquen la firma de un acuerdo de libre comercio que permita incrementar el comercio entre ambos países.

ConstitutionalJustice: Cases of Protection of Freedom and Personal Security in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viridiana Molinares Hassan

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present the results of an investigation about judicial protection of freedom and personal security granted by the Constitutional Court (cc of Colombia, with a comparative analysis between the period 1992-2001, to which governments have appointed period of postconstitucionales, which coincides with the issuance of the 1991 Constitution, and the creation of constitutional jurisdiction, and the period 2002-2010, during which it ran the Democratic Security Policy (dsp as a government policy proposal by former president Álvaro Uribe, whose aim was to achieve peace through the declaration of war to the guerrilla group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (farc. Our interest is to show that the protection of freedom and personal security as the basis of the Constitutional (ec finds in the cc his greatest guarantor, even against closing courts in other jurisdictions that are still rooted in the failed legal positivist paradigm, ignoring the postulates of neoconstitutionalism dc sufficiently developed from a process of creative interpretation and decision-making. This coupled with the importance for the branches of power and knowledge associated scope of freedom and personal security developed by the cc in the difficult context of irregular warfare that exists in Colombia, yet it is, for universal constitutionalism, an example of the development of legal guarantor in the context of current constitutionalism.

The worker's massacre of 1928 in the Magdalena Zona Bananera - Colombia. An unfinished story

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Enrique Elías Caro

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza las condiciones del porqué se presentó la masacre obrera ocurrida el 6 de diciembre de 1928 en la Región Bananera del Magdalena (Colombia por parte de las tropas del Ejército colombiano, para ello, se hace una descripción de las dinámicas del entorno mundial de la fruta, su relación con las compañías multinacionales y el régimen laboral y sindical en Colombia. De igual forma se hace un análisis del contexto y de los antecedentes del conflicto, así como también de la tergiversación de la información presentada por parte del Estado Colombiana y la United Fruit Company, hechos estos que sirvieron de base para inspirar un capítulo de la novela "Cien Años de Soledad" del Nobel en literatura Gabriel García Márquez.

The "prehistory" of marihuana consumption and growing in Colombia between 1930 and 1960

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Sáenz Rovner

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Marihuana consumption did not become widespread in Colombia as the simple result of its increased use as part of the north-American counterculture of the 1960s. Even though marihuana-growing spiraled to satisfy north-American demand at the end of the 1960s and 1970s there was an important market for domestic consumption in Colombia. "Exonerating-type" academic literature tending to see countries such as Colombia as the passive "victims" of externally-induced phenomena is thus questioned.

INFORME DE COYUNTURA EXPORTACIONES DE COLOMBIA A VENEZUELA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanni E. Reyes

2012-07-01

Full Text Available La finalidad fundamental de este informe es presentar la situación de exportaciones que originadas en Colombia han tenido como destino Venezuela. Este intercambio comercial es muy importante en términos de la región latinoamericana. En particular, durante los años de mayor intercambio entre los dos países, lo que ha ocurrido en especial en la primera década del Siglo XXI, este comercio llegó a representar casi un 80 por ciento del total de intercambio de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN –Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela.

TESTING MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS FOR MORE TRANSPARENT RESOURCE-ALLOCATION DECISION MAKING IN COLOMBIA.

Science.gov (United States)

Castro Jaramillo, Hector Eduardo; Goetghebeur, Mireille; Moreno-Mattar, Ornella

2016-01-01

In 2012, Colombia experienced an important institutional transformation after the establishment of the Health Technology Assessment Institute (IETS), the disbandment of the Regulatory Commission for Health and the reassignment of reimbursement decision-making powers to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (MoHSP). These dynamic changes provided the opportunity to test Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for systematic and more transparent resource-allocation decision-making. During 2012 and 2013, the MCDA framework Evidence and Value: Impact on Decision Making (EVIDEM) was tested in Colombia. This consisted of a preparatory stage in which the investigators conducted literature searches and produced HTA reports for four interventions of interest, followed by a panel session with decision makers. This method was contrasted with a current approach used in Colombia for updating the publicly financed benefits package (POS), where narrative health technology assessment (HTA) reports are presented alongside comprehensive budget impact analyses (BIAs). Disease severity, size of population, and efficacy ranked at the top among fifteen preselected relevant criteria. MCDA estimates of technologies of interest ranged between 71 to 90 percent of maximum value. The ranking of technologies was sensitive to the methods used. Participants considered that a two-step approach including an MCDA template, complemented by a detailed BIA would be the best approach to assist decision-making in this context. Participants agreed that systematic priority setting should take place in Colombia. This work may serve as the basis to the MoHSP on its interest of setting up a systematic and more transparent process for resource-allocation decision-making.

Negociaciones de paz en Colombia, 1982-2009. Un estado del arte Peace Negotiations in Colombia, 1982-2009. A State of the Art

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alderid Gutiérrez Loaiza

2012-06-01

Full Text Available En Colombia se han realizado diversos procesos de paz con grupos armados al margen de la ley. Este fenómeno ha provocado una producción académica considerable que estudia uno o varios de los procesos. A pesar de esta riqueza bibliográfica, no existen estudios que realicen una sistematización de ellos. Este artículo hace una selección de 123 trabajos sobre los procesos de paz en Colombia entre 1982 y 2009. Bajo la metodología de estado del arte analiza libros, capítulos de libro, revistas y documentos electrónicos, en los cuales muestra la posición de los autores frente a los procesos de paz, el enfoque que utilizan, entre otras características. Además, se entrega la bibliografía clasificada por temáticas.Colombia has made several peace processes with armed groups operating outside the law. This phenomenon has caused considerable academic output that studying one or more processes. Despite this wealth of literature, those studies have not made a classification of them. This article makes a selection of 123 works on peace processes in Colombia between 1982 and 2009. Under the state of the art methodology, it discussed books, book chapters, journals and documents online, which show the position of authors about the peace process, the approach used, among others characteristics. In addition, the literature has been classified by topics in this article.

Formación inicial de docentes a distancia dentro del campo de la educación en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Lilliana Moreno Vizcaíno

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo presenta una reflexión sobre la formación inicial de docentes a distancia dentro del campo de la educación en Colombia, principalmente desde la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu. La profesionalización del magisterio en Colombia ha sido un punto fundamental en la agenda educativa nacional, siendo las tres últimas décadas del siglo XX coyunturales para desarrollo de la metodología a distancia en programas de formación inicial docente a nivel universitario. A partir de entonces, la formación inicial de docentes a distancia ha tenido un posicionamiento dentro del campo de la Educación Superior en Colombia, hecho que se ha constituido en un agente profundo de cambio en la educación nacional y que ha estado claramente permeado por el impacto de las tecnologías de información y de la comunicación, lo cual le ha permitido enmarcarse dentro de los nuevos desafíos que dicha formación requiere. This essay presents a reflection about teacher initial training at distance within the field of education in Colombia, mainly from Pierre Bourdieu’s theory. The professionalization of the teaching in Colombia has been a fundamental point in the educational national agenda, being last three decades of the 20th century highly relevant for development of distance methodology in undergraduate teachers’ programs at university level. From then, teachers' initial training at distance has had a positioning inside the field of the superior education in Colombia, fact that has been constituted in a deep agent of change in the national education and that has been clearly permeated by the impact of the information and communications technology, which has allowed it to place inside the new challenges that this training needs.

PROBLEMÁTICA DE LOS PASIVOS AMBIENTALES MINEROS EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ARANGO ARAMBURO MARCELA

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Los pasivos ambientales mineros (PAM se refieren a "un área donde existe la necesidad de restauración, mitigación o compensación por un daño ambiental o impacto no gestionado, producido por actividades mineras inactivas o abandonadas que pone en riesgo la salud, calidad de vida o bienes públicos o privados" . En Colombia no se han reglamentado los PAM, pero dada la antigüedad y la prevalencia de la informalidad en la explotación minera, el interés en definir, reglamentar y gestionar estas obligaciones es creciente. En este artículo nos aproximamos a la problemática de la valoración de pasivos ambientales en Colombia, basándonos en la revisión de la gestión de PAM mineros en el mundo e identificamos los requerimientos de información clave para realizar dicha gestión en Colombia.

REDESCUBRIMIENTO DE MYRRHINIUM ATROPURPUREUM VAR. OCTANDRUM (MYRTACEAE: MYRTINAE EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PARRA-O. CARLOS

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Se documenta el redescubrimiento de Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. octandrum(Myrteae DC., Myrtaceae, taxón prácticamente desconocido en Colombia. Se presentala descripción del taxón, así como notas sobre su distribución en Colombia, elhábitat en que se desarrolla y su posible estatus dentro de las categorías de la ListaRoja de la UICN.

Global Commodity Chains and the Spatial-Temporal Dimensions of Labor Control: Lessons from Colombia’s Coffee and Banana Industries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Phillip Hough

2015-08-01

Full Text Available In this paper, the author seeks to explain the trajectories of local labor regime dynamics in Colombia’s coffee and banana industries from the post war developmental decades until the present. In order to explain these dynamics, the author first develops a neo-Gramscian ideal-typical schema to highlight the full range of labor regime dynamics emergent in Colombia, including “hegemonic,” “despotic,” and “crisis” regimes. The author then develops a theory of local labor regime types that draws from Giovanni Arrighi’s work on commodity chains. Finally, using comparative and world-historical methods, the author finds that the shifting trajectories of labor regimes in Colombia are affected by the nodal location of these regimes within their respective commodity chains.

Lung cystic disease and Sjogren's syndrome: Report of the first case in Colombia and revision of the literature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas Villarraga, Adriana; Mendez Patarroyo, Paul; Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio; Rondon Herrera, Federico; Sanchez Contreras, Alvaro; Restrepo Suarez, Jose Felix

2002-01-01

In this paper we present a patient with primary Sjogren's syndrome, autoimmune hypothyroidism, and diffuse cystic lung Involvement. A complete literature review about cystic and bollous long involvement in Sjogren's syndrome is presented. This is the first report in Colombia of this disease

Educación básica para la “Otra Colombia”: Retos y propuestas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfredo Sarmiento G\\u00F3mez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La educación es la base del desarrollo económico y social. La estrategia de apoyo a los municipios parte de la convicción de que la educación ha sido siempre, pero principalmente en las actuales circunstancias de un mundo globalizado, el elemento fundamental de la construcción de una sociedad desarrollada económica y socialmente. Este trabajo presenta inicialmente una breve caracterización de la educación en Colombia, sus principales logros y retos como marco dentro del cual se puedan comprender mejor las especificidades para los municipios de la "Otra Colombia". Una segunda parte identifica y presenta las experiencias probadas con éxito en Colombia para enfrentar los retos que tiene la educación hoy en los municipios de la Colombia que padece los azotes de la pobreza y los cultivos ilícitos. Una tercera parte analiza detalladamente el perfil de la "Otra Colombia" y su contraste con la Colombia visible. La caracterización busca resaltar la necesidad de adaptar las políticas públicas en su diseño y ejecución a los perfiles propios de estos grupos de municipios. Finalmente, se plantean algunas propuestas que constituyen un grupo estratégico para el mejoramiento de la educación en los municipios de la "Otra Colombia".

Soil mites of the families Ascidae, Blattisociidae and Melicharidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from mountainous areas of Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Rueda-Ramírez, Diana; Varela, Amanda; Moraes, Gilberto J De

2016-06-24

Soil mites of the Ascidae sensu Lindquist & Evans (1965) are poorly known in Colombia. This group, presently represented by the families Ascidae sensu stricto, Blattisociidae and Melicharidae, contains species known to prey on small arthropods and nematodes, thus having the potential to be used for the control of soil pests. The aim of this study was to identify species of this group from a fragment of Andean forest and a nearby grassland at the municipality of La Calera, Cundinamarca Department, Colombia, at about 2800 m of elevation. Nine species were found, including five new species, namely Gamasellodes andinus sp. nov., Gamasellodes intermedius sp. nov., Protogamasellus caleraensis sp. nov., Cheiroseius mesae sp. nov. and Proctolaelaps colombianus sp. nov. Morphological characterisation of all the species and relevant soil characteristics of the sites where the mites were collected are presented.

Fundación del primer bioterio MPF funcional de Colombia Foundation of a functional murine pathogen free animal facility in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ómar Vesga

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Cualquier investigación donde se experimente con modelos animales exige que el estado microbiológico y genético de los mismos sea definido desde el principio y verificado periódicamente para garantizar la fiabilidad y certeza de los datos. Buscando producir ratones libres de patógenos murinos en Colombia, se importaron 173 reproductores no emparentados suizos albinos de la cepa ICR que se hospedaron bajo condiciones protocolizadas de aislamiento microbiológico en el Bioterio MPF de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia. Tras dos años de funcionamiento ininterrumpido, el control microbiológico demostró que los progenitores mantuvieron inalterada la flora con la cual fueron exportados a Colombia, que sus crías portan flora murina idéntica, y que la misma corresponde a la exigida internacionalmente. Diversas pruebas a la integridad de la barrera microbiológica condujeron a la detección y erradicación de un brote infeccioso por Parvovirus murino. El control reproductivo permitió mantener intacta la heterocigocidad de la cepa, denominada Udea:ICR(CD-1. In order to guarantee the accuracy of the data, experimentation with animal models requires well defined microbiological and genetic statuses with periodical verification. To produce murine pathogen free mice, an outbreeding program was set up by importing 173 non-related Swiss albino ICR breeders that were hosted under strict conditions of microbiological isolation in the animal facilities of the University of Antioquia Medical Faculty. After two years of uninterrupted reproduction, microbiological control demonstrated unaltered murine flora for both parents and offspring, the same with which original breeders were dispatched to Colombia, complying with current international standards. An outbreak of Murine Parvovirus (MPV was timely detected and erradicated thanks to strict testing of microbiological barriers. The breeding program allowed the production of animals free

Perfil logístico del sector cemento en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Hernández Calderón, Miguel Ángel; Nieves de la Hoz, Celia Elena

2015-01-01

Este proyecto caracteriza la logística del sector cemento en Colombia al identificar y describir los principales actores, procesos y materiales involucrados en la cadena de suministros del sector. Este documento compila la información logística relevante para la producción de cemento en Colombia. Esta información se obtuvo sintetizando estudios y reportes acerca de las prácticas logísticas y las condiciones en las que éstas se desarrollan. Adicionalmente se realizaron visitas empresariales en...

Una nueva especie de Calyptranthes Sw. (Myrtaceae de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parra Osorio Carlos Alberto

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta de Colombia. Se discuten las afinidades taxonómicas de la nueva especie y su distribución en los Andes del norte de Suramérica.A new species of Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in Colombia, is described and illustrated. The taxonomic affinities and the distribution of the new species in the Andes of the northern part of Southamerica are discussed.

Acid Fostatase Activity in soils croping with potato and pastures from the Catambuco, Pasto, Colombia Actividad de fosfatasa ácida en suelos cultivados con papa y praderas del corregimiento de Catambuco, Pasto-Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Burbano Hernán

2007-03-01

Full Text Available To estimated the acid phosphatase activity (APA in soil covered with potato and prairie in Catambuco, place Pasto, Colombia; located to 2820 msnm and with average temperature of 12.4oC. The acid phosphatase activity obtained the biggest values in soil covered with prairie in winter time, in addition to that, there were high correlations between the APA and the organic matter off the soil. In the factors sampling times and use of the soil, there were significance statistical differences, with the most significance in soil covered with prairie and with recent use in potato cultivation. The APA obtained the biggest percentage in soil covered with prairie, in front of the soil cultivated with potato for the two evaluated times. Key words: Acid phosphatase activity, use of land, Solanum tuberosumCon el objetivo de estimar y comparar la actividad de la fostatasa ácida (AFA en suelos sembrados con papa y con pastos, se realizó la presente investigación en suelos del corregimiento de Catambuco, municipio de Pasto, Colombia (2.820 msnm, 12.4oC. La mayor actividad de la fosfatasa ácida ocurrió en pradera en época de invierno; además se encontraron altas correlaciones entre AFA y el contenido de materia orgánica. Para los factores épocas de muestreo y uso del suelo hubo diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas y para suelos cubiertos con pradera y con uso reciente en el cultivo de papa. La AFA alcanzó el mayor porcentaje en suelos cubiertos con pradera, frente a los suelos cultivados con papa, para las dos épocas evaluadas. Palabras claves: Actividad fosfatasa ácida, uso del terreno, Solanum tuberosum

Hemiparásitas en la franja subandina del Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Berrera Torres Eduardo

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The hemiparasites studied are grouped in 3 families: Loranthaceae, Viscaceae and Eremolepidaceae. 30 species belonging to 7 genera are reported in this work. Phoradendron of the Viscaceae family is the genus best represented with 15 species. The species Phoradendron aft. aequatoris, P. balslevií, P. Brittonianum y P. cymosum are reported for the first time to Colombia. Four hiperparasitic species are registered: Ixocactus hutchisonií, Phoradendron aff. aequatoris, P. dipterum and Struthanthus orbicularis. The taxa studied are distributed in altitudinal ranges from the lower montane forest. The diversity of hemiparasitic species is greater in the western slope of the Eastern Andean mountain ranga. This flora correspond to 33 % of the species registered for Colombia.Las hemiparásitas estudiadas se agrupan en 3 familias: Loranthaceae, Viscaceae y Eremolepidaceae. Se registran 30 especies pertenecientes a 7 géneros: el mejor representado es Phoradendron de la familia Viscaceae, con 15 especies. Las especies Phoradendron aff. aequatoris, P. balslevií, P. brittonianum y P. cymosum se reportan por primera vez para Colombia. Además se destacan 4 especies hiperparásitas: Ixocectus hutchisonii; Phoradendron aff. aequatoris, P. dipterum y Struthanthus orbicularis. Los taxa estudiados se distribuyen en gradientes altitudinales del Bosque Subandino. La diversidad de especies hemiparásitas en el flanco occidental de la Cordillera Oriental es mayor. La comparación de los registros obtenidos con los provenientes de otros lugares, en el territorio colombiano, indica que esta flora constituye aproximadamente el 33%.

Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides (Testudines: Kinosternidae: A New Record from Northeastern Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Herney Cáceres-Martínez

2017-05-01

Full Text Available We present a new record of the Scorpion Turtle Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides for the Norte de Santander department, Colombia. This specimen was collected in the tropical dry forest of the department, which is one of the most threatened and least protected ecosystems in the country; this exacerbated by local problems related with pollution and land-use transformation, threatening the presence and conservation of K. s. scorpioides.

Constitutional Adjudication in Colombia: Avant-Garde or Case law Transplant? A Literature Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liliana Lizarazo-Rodríguez

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Colombia is mentioned, together with the US, Uruguay, Argentina and Mexico, as one of the first countries worldwide to adopt the judicial review as a means for adjudicating on the constitutionality of legislation. In recent years, and particularly since the enactment of the Political Constitution of 1991, the Colombian Constitutional Court is also mentioned as a notorious example of judicial activism in terms of legislating through the constitutional adjudication process. This article presents a literature review on the globalization of judicial review and the contemporary methods of constitutional adjudication (including the balancing method, in order to assess the uniqueness and avantgarde nature of constitutional adjudication in Colombia in the global context. Brief reference is also made to the literature on the institutional limitations faced by less developed countries, inasmuch as they affect the way constitutional adjudication is applied and perceived.

Solving Colombia’s Problems

Science.gov (United States)

2003-04-07

parties for political control during the period from 1948 to 1953.15 “During this period, referred to as ‘La Violencia ,’ groups of armed men paid by...surprise to those familiar with the Colombia government history of mishandling foreign aid in the war against drugs and in their parallel inability to

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Hidalgo, Marylin; Orejuela, Leonora; Fuya, Patricia; Carrillo, Pilar; Hernandez, Jorge; Parra, Edgar; Keng, Colette; Small, Melissa; Olano, Juan P; Bouyer, Donald; Castaneda, Elizabeth; Walker, David; Valbuena, Gustavo

2007-07-01

We investigated 2 fatal cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever that occurred in 2003 and 2004 near the same locality in Colombia where the disease was first reported in the 1930s. A retrospective serosurvey of febrile patients showed that > 21% of the serum samples had antibodies aaainst spotted fever group rickettsiae.

Pseudotectites from Colombia and Peru

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Martin, R.; Sitter-Koomans, de C.

1955-01-01

In a previous note on “Americanites” (Martin, 1934) from Colombia and Peru, the writer came to the conclusion, on the basis solely of published data, that it was very likely that these so-called tectites are in reality obsidian of terrestrial origin. He stated, however, that “before it is possible

A little known and promissory species from Choco, Colombia (More on Matisia Gentryi (Bombacaceae-Quararibeae)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cuesta, Hamleth Valois; Fernandez Alonso, Jose Luis

2010-01-01

Based on new collections, the leaves, fruits, and seedlings morphometry of Matisia gentryi Fern. Alonso was study. In addition, ethnobotany and ecological information of interest is presented for this endemic and promissory species with potential as food and crafts of the Choco region in Colombia.

Apropiación y uso de tic para la negociación internacional: Comparación entre la ciudad de Medellín y Colombia [Apropiación y uso de tic para la negociación internacional: Comparación entre la ciudad de Medellín y Colombia

OpenAIRE

Cano J.A.; Baena J.J.

2016-01-01

This article presents a comparison between Medellin and Colombia regarding to the use and appropriation of information and communication technologies (ICT) for international negotiation processes. A field study is carried out in 182 companies of Medellin and 380 Colombian companies who perform international trading activities, finding similarities between Medellin and Colombia regarding the importance and frequency of ICT use, preferences in negotiations, activities facilitated by ICT, ICT ma...

Incidencia de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono en el mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Castellanos Garcia, Camilo Andres

2015-01-01

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar el papel de la estrategia colombiana de desarrollo bajo en carbono en el mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia. Esto con el fin de demostrar que las acciones nacionalmente apropiadas de mitigación NAMAS son un mecanismo de mitigación y puede no tener una incidencia en la oferta ni tampoco en la demanda del mercado de bonos de carbono en Colombia. Esta investigación se llevará a cabo por medio de un estudio de caso con un enf...

State of the knowledge of flora of hepaticas of Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uribe M, Jaime; Gradstein, S Rob

1999-01-01

The Colombian hepatic flora is a very rich one. About 60% of all the species of tropical America and one sixth of the world's hepaticas occur in Colombia. The country has more species than the whole of Africa south of the Sahara and almost twice as many as Europe. The new catalogue of the hepaticas of Colombia accepts 840 species (in 36 families and 136 genera): 832 species of Hepaticae and 8 species of Anthocerotae

Franchises in Colombia, legal regulations and features

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Andrea Camacho Solana

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es una reflexión sobre el estudio de la franquicia en Colombia y su desarrollo a través de los años. También analiza cómo los abogados sin tener ninguna regulación expresa han podido manejar esta figura, en particular con los Estados Unidos, que ha sido el país que ha tenido más injerencia en la evolución de este contrato en la economía colombiana. Se parte de un análisis de la figura en Colombia, de sus principales características y elementos, ejemplos prácticos de franquicias en el país y riesgos que puede presentar la figura.

Aging in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Lourdes SANTOS PÉREZ

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Using data from statistical sources and official reports, we propose a critical approach to aging in Colombia, specifically from the point of view of public policy in progress or in planning. Our main hypothesis is that these measures refuse comprehensive treatment of the ageing in terms of needs and rights promoting a pure welfare system which, instead, contributes to reinforce a collective imagination of a dependent and impoverished old age, with «fatal» consequences that sustain and reproduce the socioeconomic system.

Caracteres moleculares para la determinación taxonómica de tres especies de Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae, vectores potenciales de Leishmania presentes en el valle de Aburrá, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alveiro PÉREZ-DORIA

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En Colombia están registradas 143 especies de Lutzomyia França, pero menos del 7% de éstas se encuentran incriminadas como vectores de Leishmania spp. Debido a la alta semejanza morfológica de algunas especies vectoras con otras no vectoras, se necesitan caracteres taxonómicos alternativos para identificar correctamente los flebotomíneos de cada zona geográfica del país. Con este objetivo, en el presente trabajo se secuenció el extremo 3’ del gen mitocondrial que codifica para la proteína citocromo b en tres vectores potenciales de Leishmania presentes en el valle de Aburrá, Colombia, Lutzomyia hartmanni (Fairchild y Hertig, L. columbiana (Ristorcelli y Van Ty y L. tihuiliensis Le Pont, Torrez-Espejo y Dujardin. A partir del alineamiento múltiple de nucleótidos se determinaron los sitios polimórficos, las distancias genéticas pareadas netas (p y la entropía. Las secuencias de nucleótidos fueron trasladadas a aminoácidos para estimar el número de sustituciones sinónimas y no sinónimas. En el alineamiento múltiple de 321 nucleótidos del gen citocromo b de L. columbiana, L. hartmanni y L. tihuiliensis se detectaron 83 sustituciones. En la secuencia parcial de la proteína se encontraron 18 reemplazos de aminoácidos. Las distancias genéticas interespecíficas fluctuaron en un rango mínimo de 0,137 entre L. tihuiliensis y L. columbiana, y un máximo de 0,215 entre L. columbiana y L. hartmanni. Los polimorfismos detectados en la secuencia de nucleótidos del gen y de aminoácidos de la proteína constituyen caracteres moleculares potencialmente útiles para la determinación taxonómica de estas especies de flebotomíneos.

Synanthropic Cockroaches (Blattidae: Periplaneta spp.) Harbor Pathogenic Leptospira in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Astudillo, Viviana; Bustamante-Rengifo, Javier A; Bonilla, Álvaro; Lehmicke, Anna Joy J; Castillo, Andrés; Astudillo-Hernández, Miryam

2016-01-01

Leptospirosis cases in Colombia are typically linked to peridomestic rodents; however, empirical data suggest that Leptospira-infected patients with no apparent exposure to these reservoirs are common. Cockroaches (Periplaneta spp.) have equal or greater interaction with humans than rodents, yet their potential role as carriers of Leptospira has not been assessed. We determined if pathogenic Leptospira is harbored by Periplaneta spp. in Cali (Colombia) and the variables influencing this relationship. Fifty-nine cockroaches were captured from seven sites and DNA was extracted from the body surface and digestive tract for a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, targeting genes secY and flaB. Logistic regression models and proportion tests showed a higher likelihood for Leptospira to be isolated from body surfaces (P > 0.001) and from individuals inside houses (six times more likely). These findings are the first to demonstrate an association between Periplaneta spp. and Leptospira, suggesting the need to investigate the potential for cockroaches to serve as reservoirs or transport hosts for Leptospira. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Solanum Tuberíferos nuevos para Colombia - II

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López Jaramillo Luis E.

1986-06-01

Full Text Available Durante los 174 años que han transcurrido desde la descripción del primer Solanum tuberífero silvestre de Colombia (VALENZUELA, 1809, se han descubierto en total 10 especies de papa silvestre en el país (CORRELL,1962; BTTTER,1913; OCHOA, 1978; LOPEZ-JARAMILLO, 1983. Esas especies son: Solanum andreanum Baker, S. colombianum Dun., S. estradae L. López J. S. flahaultii Bitt., S. qarciabarrigae Ochoa, S. lobbianum. Bitt., S. moscopanum. Hawkes, S. pamplonense L. Lopez J., S. papa Valenzuela y S. tuquerrense Hawkes. Las especies S. jublandifolium Dun. y S. ochranthum Dun., son comunes en Colombia, Perú y Venezuela y, aunque no son tuberíferas, están clasificadas dentro clel grupo por su morfología.El objeto cle esta publicación es describir una nueva especie proveniente del Departamento cle Santander. Se confirma así la sospecha de que aún quedan en Colombia especies tuberíferas nativas por descubrir. Estas especies están bajo amenaza de extinción debido a la rápida destrucción de los páramos que constituyen su hábitat natural.

Plan Colombia, Consequences for Venezuelan Natonal Security

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Arroyo, Alfredo

2002-01-01

...% reduction in cocaine production), and narcotics trafficking groups move into Venezuela, the government will have to commit its Armed Forces but, under unequal military and technological conditions when compared to Colombia...

La fiebre amarilla y la creación del acueducto y alcantarillado del municipio de Socorro, Colombia (1929

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleidys Hernández Tasco

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Socorro, a municipality of Santander Colombia, was an important urban settlement during previous times, but throughout the nineteen century it lost its political important. Socorro came to be important again for the central government in 1929 amidst a yellow fever epidemic. In order to avoid the spreading of yellow fever, the central government constructed a sewage system and an aqueduct for Socorro. This paper analyzes how the yellow fever epidemic encouraged the development of sanitary actions in an urban space such as Socorro. This urban and social history allows situating Socorro and Colombia within the sanitary debated developed in Latina America in the early twentieth century.

Mental health service delivery following health system reform in Colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Romero-González, Mauricio; González, Gerardo; Rosenheck, Robert A

2003-12-01

In 1993, Colombia underwent an ambitious and comprehensive process of health system reform based on managed competition and structured pluralism, but did not include coverage for mental health services. In this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of the reform on access to mental health services and whether there were changes in the pattern of mental health service delivery during the period after the reform. Changes in national economic indicators and in measures of mental health and non-mental health service delivery for the years 1987 and 1997 were compared. Data were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics of Colombia (DANE), the Department of National Planning and Ministry of the Treasury of Colombia, and from national official reports of mental health and non-mental health service delivery from the Ministry of Health of Colombia for the same years. While population-adjusted access to mental health outpatient services declined by -2.7% (-11.2% among women and +5.8% among men), access to general medical outpatient services increased dramatically by 46%. In-patient admissions showed smaller differences, with a 7% increase in mental health admissions, as compared to 22.5% increase in general medical admissions. The health reform in Colombia imposed competition across all health institutions with the intention of encouraging efficiency and financial autonomy. However, the challenge of institutional survival appears to have fallen heavily on mental health care institutions that were also expected to participate in managed competition, but that were at a serious disadvantage because their services were excluded from the compulsory standardized package of health benefits. While the Colombian health care reform intended to close the gap between those who had and those who did not have access to health services, it appears to have failed to address access to specialized mental health services, although it does seem to have promoted a

Apuntes para una interpretación de la delincuencia femenina en colombia

OpenAIRE

Pérez, Luis Carlos

2010-01-01

1.-Validez del método naturalista.2.-Crítica a una tesis de Hagemau sobre el delito femenino.3.-0tras concepciones sobre la criminalidad femenina.4.-Prostitución y delincuencia.5.-La criminalidad de la mujer en Colombia.6.-Naturaleza de la delincuencia femenina en Colombia.

Colombia vista desde afuera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico Banco de la República

1984-06-01

Full Text Available Mucha de la bibliografía sobre Colombia no se conoce en el país. Cada año se realizan centenares de trabajos acerca de diferentes aspectos de las ciencias naturales, sociales, o sobre literatura, que a la postre quedan archivadas en bibliotecas europeas o estadounidenses, como ocurre de manera específica con los trabajos presentados como tesis de grado en universidades extranjeras.

Perspectiva territorial de la gestión de riesgos de desastres en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Teresa Martínez Rubiano

2011-09-01

Colombia, y la perspectiva territorial de la gestión de riesgos. Para terminar, se realiza un análisis de las aplicaciones de todas estas medidas en la situación de gestión de riesgos en Colombia.

The War on Illegal Drug Production and Trafficking: An Economic Evaluation of Plan Colombia

OpenAIRE

Daniel Mejía; Pascual Restrepo

2008-01-01

This paper provides a thorough economic evaluation of the anti-drug policies implemented in Colombia between 2000 and 2006 under the so-called Plan Colombia. The paper develops a game theory model of the war against illegal drugs in producer countries. We explicitly model illegal drug markets, which allows us to account for the feedback effects between policies and market outcomes that are potentially important when evaluating large scale policy interventions such as Plan Colombia. We use ava...

LA NEUROCIRUGÍA EN COLOMBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Rosselli Cock

2016-04-01

Full Text Available He leído con atención el artículo titulado “Perfil de la neurocirugía en Colombia: 2015”, aparecido en su edición 111. En esta publicación, el autor hace un amplio recorrido por campos de la demografía, la historia, la dinámica social y las ciencias administrativas (lamentablemente sin citar sus bases documentales. Cuando aterriza su tema en la neurocirugía en Colombia, afirma que en 2002 había 324 neurocirujanos en el país. Ese número de neurocirujanos fue justamente el que se encontró en el estudio de oferta y demanda de médicos especialistas (proyecto MEDEA que yo dirigí en 2000 y que publicamos en 2001 (1. Desde ese momento era clara la problemática de la especialidad. Ya decía entonces nuestro estudio: “La tasa de neurocirujanos en Colombia es similar a la de Canadá, Suiza y Australia, y el triple de la del Reino Unido. En el contexto de un país en desarrollo, con una red hospitalaria deficiente, esta tasa es claramente excesiva” (2. Alertábamos también sobre el número creciente de nuevos especialistas, muchos de ellos formados fuera del país. La preocupación por el futuro de la neurocirugía ocurre también en otras latitudes. Una encuesta a una muestra de 783 miembros de la Asociación Americana de Neurocirujanos (AANS mostró que 52 % creían que su ejercicio profesional estaba empeorando, mientras que 57 % cumplían criterios de agotamiento (“burnout”. Cabe agregar que la principal de las preocupaciones de este grupo de neurocirujanos era la búsqueda de un equilibrio entre su trabajo y la vida por fuera del hospital (3.

Mutagenic and genotoxic activity of particulate matter MP2,5, in Pamplona, North Santander, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez Montañez, Mónica Liseth

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Objective: To study the mutagenic and genotoxic activities of particulate material (MP2,5 collected in Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia.Materials and methods: MP2,5 was monitored by means of a Partisol 2025 sequential air sampler with Plus Palmflex quartz filters. The latter were subjected to two extraction procedures: Soxhlet extraction using dichloromethane-acetone; and ultrasonic extraction using dichloromethane, acetone and dichloromethane/ acetone mix. The mutagenic and genotoxic activities were determined for each extract.Results: This is the first study conducted in Colombia that reports the mutagenic and genotoxic activities associated with particulate matter (MP2,5 taken from vehicular emissions in Pamplona, Norte de Santander. The mutagenic assay determined by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 showed a high direct mutagenic activity in the analyzed extracts. On the other hand, the genotoxic activity, determined by means of the comet assay, was high too.Conclusion: Particulate material (MP2,5 present in air samples in Pamplona (northeastern Colombia is a risk factor for the exposed population because it can directly induce mutations and also cause genotoxic damage.

Lifelong Learning in Colombia and Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olesen, Henning Salling

2004-01-01

The article examines education and learning opportunities in Colombia against the backdrop of Danish modernisation and reform experiences from second half of 20th Century. The article discusses possibilities to learn from Danish experiences in the development of a Colombian lifelong learning policy...

Interactive design of farm conversion : linking agricultural research and farmer learning for sustainable small scale horticulture production in Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lee, R.A.

2002-01-01

Times Roman" COLOR="#000000">Key words: interactive conversion design / vegetable production / small farms / sustainable farming / Colombia / learning processes / facilitation / agricultural research methods