Sample records for colinus cristatus marcadas
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Smith, B.J.; Smith, S.A.
1991-01-01
The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for xeroradiographic and conventional radiographic anatomy of the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) as a representative of the avian order Galliformes. The heads, bodies, wings, and pelvic limbs of four adult birds were radiographed using xeroradiographic and conventional radiographic techniques. Nine xeroradiographs and their corresponding conventional radiographs were selected, and the xeroradiographs labeled to illustrate the normal anatomy of these regions. A xeroradiograph of the tarsometatarsus of the domestic peacock (Pavo cristatus) was also included to demonstrate the metatarsal spur, which is not present in the quail
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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM RUMEX CRISTATUS DC
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Sibel KAHRAMAN
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Plants have been used for many years as a source of traditional medicine to treat various diseases and conditions. R. cristatus DC (Polygonaceae is widely spread in Turkey and used as both herbal medicine and food. This study examined the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of R. cristatus DC using different tests. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of R. cristatus leaves was analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents, reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results were compared with natural and synthetic antioxidants. The results suggest that consumption of R. cristatus DC can be beneficial effects due to its antioxidant properties
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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM RUMEX CRISTATUS DC
Sibel KAHRAMAN; Refiye YANARDAG
2013-01-01
Plants have been used for many years as a source of traditional medicine to treat various diseases and conditions. R. cristatus DC (Polygonaceae) is widely spread in Turkey and used as both herbal medicine and food. This study examined the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of R. cristatus DC using different tests. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of R. cristatus leaves was analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents, reducing power and ...
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Zhou, Tai-Cheng; Sha, Tao; Irwin, David M; Zhang, Ya-Ping
2015-01-01
Pavo cristatus, known as the Indian peafowl, is endemic to India and Sri Lanka and has been domesticated for its ornamental and food value. However, its phylogenetic status is still debated. Here, to clarify the phylogenetic status of P. cristatus within Phasianidae, we analyzed its mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome was determined using 34 pairs of primers. Our data show that the mtDNA genome of P. cristatus is 16,686 bp in length. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of P. cristatus was performed along with 22 complete mtDNA genomes belonging to other species in Phasianidae using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods, where Aythya americana and Anas platyrhynchos were used as outgroups. Our results show that P. critatus has its closest genetic affinity with Pavo muticus and belongs to clade that contains Gallus, Bambusicola and Francolinus.
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Wielstra, B.M.; Arntzen, J.W.
2011-01-01
Background - The rapid radiation of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) comprises four morphotypes: 1) the T. karelinii group, 2) T. carnifex - T. macedonicus, 3) T. cristatus and 4) T. dobrogicus. These vary in body build and the number of rib-bearing pre-sacral vertebrae (NRBV). The
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Gómez-Puerta, Luis A.; Enciso, Marco A.; Rojas, Gianmarco
2009-01-01
The nematode Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) Chabaud, 1975 parasiting the proventriculus of two chicks of Common Peafowl (Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758) in captivity from Lima, Peru is described. En el presente trabajo se describe al nematodo Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) Chabaud, 1975 parasitando el proventrículo de dos polluelos de Pavo real (Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758) en cautiverio provenientes de Lima, Perú.
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Fields, Peter A; Strothers, Chad M; Mitchell, Mark A
2008-05-01
The Galápagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, is unique among lizards in foraging subtidally, leading to activity across a broad range of ambient temperatures ( approximately 14-40 degrees C). To determine whether the marine iguana shows any biochemical changes consistent with maintaining enzyme function at both warm and cold body temperatures, we examined the function of the aerobic enzyme citrate synthase (CS) and the muscle isoform of the anaerobic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (A(4)-LDH) in A. cristatus and a confamilial species, Iguana iguana, from 14 to 46 degrees C. We also deduced amino acid sequences from cDNA of each enzyme. In CS, despite two amino acid substitutions, we found no difference in the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant K(m) of oxaloacetate at any temperature, indicating that the substrate affinity of CS in A. cristatus has not adapted to changes in thermal environment. In A(4)-LDH, we used site-directed mutagenesis to show that the substitutions T9A and I283V (A. cristatus --> I. iguana) individually have no effect on kinetics, but together significantly decrease the K(m) of pyruvate and catalytic rate constant (k(cat)) of the A. cristatus ortholog. Thus, our data show that A. cristatus A(4)-LDH has not become cold adapted in response to this species' aquatic foraging behavior, and instead may be consistent with moderate warm adaptation with respect to the I. iguana ortholog.
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Visceral Marek's disease in white-peafowl (Pavo cristatus
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G.R. Blume
Full Text Available ABSTRACT Marek's disease (MD is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by Gallid herpesvirus 2 (MDV that infects mainly domestic gallinaceous birds although wild birds may occasionally be affected. The current report describes the anatomopathological and molecular findings of a case of MD in a white-peafowl (Pavo cristatus. The signs included apathy, hyporexia, and diarrhea. Grossly, 0.5 to 1.5cm in diameter, yellow, soft nodules were observed in the skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, air sacs, small intestine, heart, ovary, ventriculus, and proventriculus. Microscopically, numerous atypical round neoplastic cells were noted. The molecular detection of MDV DNA was implemented to amplify part of the meq gene and products were sequenced for the phylogenetic analysis. Template DNA was obtained from tissues of the affected bird and from blood of all the gallinaceous birds of the Zoo. The expected amplicon for the partial amplification of MDV meq gene was obtained and the amplicons were sequenced. Sequences obtained enabled grouping the strain (accession no. KT768121 with MDV serotype 1 strains from the GenBank. Based on the anatomopathological and molecular findings, the diagnosis of MD in a white-peafowl was reached, and to the authors' knowledge, no previous report regarding MD was published in Pavo cristatus.
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Kaleta, E F; Marschall, H J; Glünder, G; Stiburek, B
1980-01-01
An infectious agent was isolated from the liver of bobwhite quails (Colinus virginianus, L. 1758). The agent was sensitive to chloroform and its multiplication was inhibited by 5-iodine-2-deoxy-uridine. It passed filters with a pore diameter of 220 nm and more but not 100 nm filters. Electron microscopic examination revealed numerous nucleocapsids with hollow capsomeres and few enveloped particles in the supernatant fluids of infected cultures. The nucleocapsids were calculated to have 162 capsomeres on their surface. Using the plaque reduction method for neutralization tests no serological cross reactions could be detected between the quail isolate and sera against Marek's disease virus, turkey herpes-virus (HV), duck enteritis HV, infectious laryngotracheitis HV, amazon parrot HV, great horned owl HV, eagle owl HV, snowy owl HV, falcon HV, pigeon HV, Lake Victoria Cormorant HV, and stork HV. The isolate from bobwhite quail did only cross-react with antiserum against crane HV. It is concluded that the isolated virus is a member of the avian herpesvirus group and it is proposed to tentatively term it herpesvirus colinum (from Colinus virginianus = bobwhite quail).
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Visceral Marek's disease in white-peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
Blume, G.R.; Cardoso, S.P.; Oliveira, M.L.B.; Matiolli, M.P.; Gómez, S.Y.M.; Reis Júnior, J.L.; Sant'Ana, F.J.F.; Martins, N.R.S.
2016-01-01
ABSTRACT Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by Gallid herpesvirus 2 (MDV) that infects mainly domestic gallinaceous birds although wild birds may occasionally be affected. The current report describes the anatomopathological and molecular findings of a case of MD in a white-peafowl (Pavo cristatus). The signs included apathy, hyporexia, and diarrhea. Grossly, 0.5 to 1.5cm in diameter, yellow, soft nodules were observed in the skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, air sacs,...
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Roos, Christian; Nadler, Tilo; Walter, Lutz
2008-05-01
With a distribution ranging from mainland Southeast Asia to the Sunda region, the silvered langur species group is the most widely distributed species complex of the genus Trachypithecus. However, the systematic classification of its members and the phylogenetic relationships among them are less understood, leading to different classification schemes and proposed distribution zones. To address these issues, we sequenced a 573 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 115 silvered langurs (68 individuals from known origin). According to our data, five monophyletic clades were detected, which refer to the five taxa auratus, cristatus, germaini, margarita and mauritius. The phylogenetic relationships among them are not well resolved, indicating a radiation-like splitting event, which was estimated to have occurred about 0.95-1.25 mya. Within T. cristatus, two major clades were detected, with one comprising specimens from Sumatra, Borneo and the Natuna archipelago, and the other solely individuals from the Malaysian peninsula. According to our findings, we propose to rank all five taxa as distinct species. While T. auratus, T. germaini, T. margarita and T. mauritius seem to be monotypic, T. cristatus should be split into two subspecies, with the Malaysian form being described as new form here. From a phylogeographic perspective, the species group most likely originated on Java. During the early Pleistocene, its range was expanded to the Malaysian peninsula and to the Southeast Asian mainland. Later on, the Malaysian form colonised further regions of the Sunda region, including Sumatra, Borneo and the Natuna archipelago.
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Distribution of chewing lice upon the polygynous peacock Pavo cristatus.
Stewart, I R; Clark, F; Petrie, M
1996-04-01
An opportunistic survey of louse distribution upon the peacock Pavo cristatus was undertaken following a cull of 23 birds from an English zoo. After complete skin and feather dissolution, 2 species of lice were retrieved, Goniodes pavonis and Amyrsidea minuta. The distribution of both louse species could be described by a negative binomial model. The significance of this is discussed in relation to transmission dynamics of lice in the atypical avian mating system found in the peacock, which involves no male parental care.
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Luis A. Gómez-Puerta
2011-07-01
Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se describe al nematodo Synhimantus (Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819 Chabaud, 1975 parasitando el proventrículo de dos polluelos de Pavo real (Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758 en cautiverio provenientes de Lima, Perú.
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Effects of foraging mode and season on the energetics of the Marine Iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Drent, J; Lichtenbelt, WDV; Wikelski, M
1, Marine Iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) inhabiting the rocky shores of the Galapagos Islands apply two foraging strategies, intertidal and subtidal foraging, in a seasonal climate. Effects of both foraging strategy and seasonality on the daily energy expenditure (DEE) were measured using doubly
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Esther Castillo-Gómez
2007-01-01
Full Text Available Fundamento: La hipertransaminasemia (HT marcada es una situación no infrecuente en la práctica clínica, que suele interpretarse como lesión hepática aguda primaria. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la incidencia, tasa de mortalidad y etiología de la HT marcada en la población general, y su utilidad como indicadora de daño hepático agudo primario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo los pacientes con HT marcada (ALT >400 U/L atendidos durante un periodo de 2 años en los centros sanitarios del Departamento 11 de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se revisaron las historias clínicas informatizadas y los resultados de los diversos exámenes complementarios efectuados, analizándose diversas variables: diagnóstico clínico y evolución, otros parámetros bioquímicos de función hepática, y marcadores de serología infecciosa y autoinmunidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 414 pacientes con HT marcada (incidencia de 88 casos/100.000 hab./año, de los cuales 73 fallecieron (tasa de mortalidad de 16 fallecidos/100.000 hab/año. De las veinte etiologías encontradas, las más frecuentes fueron la colestasis extrahepática (28,3%, la hepatopatía hipóxica (14,6% y la sepsis (11,9%. El valor predictivo positivo de la HT marcada como indicador de lesión hepática aguda primaria fue del 27,7%. Conclusiones: La HT marcada es una alteración de notable incidencia en la población general y que lleva asociada una elevada tasa de mortalidad. Su etiología es muy diversa, aunque predomina la de origen extrahepático.
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Atienzar, F.; Barba, E.; Holleman, L.J.M.; Belda, E.J.
2009-01-01
Most bird species show specific habitat requirements for breeding and feeding. We studied the pattern of habitat occupation, nestling diet and breeding performance of Crested Tits Lophophanes cristatus in a “typical” (coniferous) and an “atypical” (Holm Oak Quercus ilex) forest in eastern Spain
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Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Mikulíček, P.; Piálek, Jaroslav
2003-01-01
Roč. 24, č. 2 (2003), s. 201-207 ISSN 0173-5373 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/98/0115; GA ČR GA206/01/0695; GA AV ČR KSK6005114 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6093917; CEZ:MSM 113100004 Keywords : Triturus cristatus * genetic variation Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 0.417, year: 2003
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Nicholas R. Dunham
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Debilitating ocular diseases are often reported in avian species. By and large, helminth parasites have been overlooked in avian diseases and regarded as inconsequential. The decline of Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas has prompted an investigation of the factors influencing their disappearance. Infection by the eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi has been documented in many avian species; however, the effect it has on its host is not well understood. Heavy eyeworm infection has been documented in Northern bobwhites throughout this ecoregion, leading to eye pathology in this host species. The present study further documents and supports the pathological changes associated with O. petrowi in bobwhites.
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Vukov, T.D.; Sotiropoulos, K.; Wielstra, B.M.; Dzukic, G.; Kalezic, M.
2011-01-01
We characterized the adult body form of the crested newt (Triturus cristatus superspecies) and explored its evolution. From seven morphometric traits, we determined that body size, interlimb distance and head width define the body form. None of the morphometric traits showed a phylogenetic signal.
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Blood gases, biochemistry and haematology of Gal?pagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
Lewbart, Gregory A.; Hirschfeld, Maximilian; Brothers, J. Roger; Mu?oz-P?rez, Juan Pablo; Denkinger, Judith; Vinueza, Luis; Garc?a, Juan; Lohmann, Kenneth J.
2015-01-01
The marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, is an iconic lizard endemic to the Gal?pagos Islands of Ecuador, but surprisingly little information exists on baseline health parameters for this species. We analysed blood samples drawn from 35 marine iguanas captured at three locations on San Crist?bal Island. A portable blood analyser (iSTAT) was used to obtain near-immediate field results for pH, lactate, partial pressure of O2, partial pressure of CO2, bicarbonate (HCO3 ?), percentage O2 satur...
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The metabolic cost of walking on an incline in the Peacock (Pavo cristatus)
Wilkinson, Holly; Thavarajah, Nathan; Codd, Jonathan
2015-01-01
Altering speed and moving on a gradient can affect an animal’s posture and gait, which in turn can change the energetic requirements of terrestrial locomotion. Here, the energetic and kinematic effects of locomoting on an incline were investigated in the Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus. The mass-specific metabolic rate of the Indian peacock was elevated on an incline, but this change was not dependent on the angle ascended and the cost of lifting remained similar between the two inclines (+5 a...
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Ascaridiasis in peafowl Pavo cristatus (Phasianidae) due to Ascaridia galli Schrank, 1788.
Teixeira, Marcel; Monteiro, Jomar Patrício; Catenacci, Lilian Silva; de Rodrigues, Maria de Lurdes Azevedo; Sato, Marilia de Carvalho Brasil
2012-09-01
Twelve white peafowl (Pavo cristatus) affected by an outbreak of an intestinal disease were referred for more detailed examination at the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz-BA, Brazil. During the course of the disease, peachicks were severely affected, with enteric signs such as diarrhea plus dehydration, decreased feed intake and progressive weight loss. After examination, 8 of 12 samples (66.6%) presented single or mixed nematode infection and Ascarid eggs were the most frequent finding on fecal examination. Adult peafowl did not present clinical signs even when positive after fecal exam. Morphological analysis, clinical signs, fecal and gross examinations resulted in a diagnosis of ascaridiasis caused by Ascaridia galli Schrank (1788).
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Vision in the peafowl (Aves: Pavo cristatus).
Hart, Nathan S
2002-12-01
The visual sense of the Indian blue-shouldered peafowl Pavo cristatus was investigated with respect to the spectral absorption characteristics of the retinal photoreceptors, the spectral transmittance of the ocular media and the topographic distribution of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer. Microspectrophotometry revealed a single class of rod, four spectrally distinct types of single cone and a single class of double cone. In the case of the single cone types, which contained visual pigments with wavelengths of maximum absorbance (lambda(max)) at 424, 458, 505 and 567 nm, spectral filtering by the ocular media and the different cone oil droplets with which each visual pigment is associated gives predicted peak spectral sensitivities of 432, 477, 537 and 605 nm, respectively. Topographic analysis of retinal ganglion cell distribution revealed a large central area of increased cell density (at peak, 35,609 cells mm(-2)) with a poorly defined visual streak extending nasally. The peafowl has a calculated maximum spatial resolution (visual acuity) in the lateral visual field of 20.6 cycles degrees(-1). These properties of the peafowl eye are discussed with respect to its visual ecology and are compared with those of other closely related species.
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Sahajpal, Vivek; Goyal, S P
2008-06-01
Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) tail covert feathers were studied to investigate the difference between shed and plucked feathers in the context of wildlife offence cases involving the killing of the Indian national bird for the purpose of plucking feathers. Plucked feathers were distinguished from shed feathers by examining their roots under low magnification of a stereoscopic microscope. A chemical test to show the presence of blood on the roots of plucked feathers was used to corroborate the plucked origin of feathers.
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Clinical perspectives of intravenous ketamine anaesthesia in peafowl (Pavo cristatus).
Athar, M; Shakoor, A; Muhammad, G; Sarwar, M N; Chaudhry, N I
1996-01-01
A total of 29 peafowl (Pavo cristatus), rectified surgically for infraorbital abscesses (n = 22), lacerated wounds (n = 4), and fractures of tibia (n = 2) and radius (n = 1), were anaesthetized by the intravenous administration of ketamine hydrochloride (Inj. Calypsol, Gedeon Richter, Hungary) in a dose of 15 20 mg/kg body weight. Divided doses (10 mg + 5 mg + 5 mg) were used with an interval of 1-2 min. No premedication was undertaken in any of the birds. Anaesthesia lasted for about 15 min and the birds gained their feet completely after 30 min to 3 hours. The respiration rate was markedly depressed (8-10/min) and the respiratory pattern was deep abdominal. Only a slight increase was observed in the heart rate. Analgesia was incomplete and muscle relaxation was not satisfactory. Mild salivation was also noticed in some of the birds (n = 3). Recovery, although not smooth, was uneventful.
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Caecal worm, Aulonocephalus pennula, infection in the northern bobwhite quail, Colinus virginianus
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Nicholas R. Dunham
2017-04-01
Full Text Available Parasitic nematodes that infect quail have been understudied and long been dismissed as a problem in quail management. Within the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas, an area that has experienced quail population “boom and bust” cycles and ultimately a general decline, the need to determine why Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus populations are diminishing has increased in priority. Previously, caecal parasites have been documented to cause inactivity, weight loss, reduced growth, inflammation to the caecal mucosa, and even death. The caecal worm Aulonocephalus pennula is an intestinal nematode parasite that is commonly found within the caecum of quail, as well as many other avian species. In the Rolling Plains ecoregion, A. pennula has been documented to have as high as a 98% prevalence in bobwhite quail samples; however, the effect it has on its host is not well understood. The present study documents A. pennula causes no pathological changes within the caeca of the Northern bobwhite. However, there is concern for disruption of digestion and the possible implications of infection for wild bobwhite quail survival are discussed.
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Hematologic and plasma biochemical reference values in Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus).
Samour, Jaime; Naldo, Jesus; Rahman, Habeeb; Sakkir, Mohammed
2010-06-01
Blood samples were collected from captive, adult, clinically normal Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) for hematologic and plasma biochemical analyses. Hematologic parameters investigated were total red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, fibrinogen, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, and thrombocyte count. Plasma biochemical parameters investigated were alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, bile acids, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, iron, phosphorus, and uric acid, as well as plasma protein electrophoresis. Results were compared with values from studies done in houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata), kori bustards (Ardeotis kori), stone curlews (Burhinus oedicnemus), and taxonomically related species, including ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), Kashmir native fowl (Kashmirfavorella), and Bangladesh native, Fayoumi, and Assil fowl (Gallus domesticus).
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Ertl, Hannah M H; Mora, Miguel A; Brightsmith, Donald J; Navarro-Alberto, Jorge A
2018-01-01
The widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides in recent years has led to increasing environmental concern, including impacts to avian populations. In Texas and across their range, Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) habitat frequently overlaps cultivated cropland protected by neonicotinoids. To address the effects of neonicotinoid use on bobwhites in Texas, we conducted a historical analysis from 1978-2012 in Texas' ecological regions using quail count data collected from North American Breeding Bird Survey and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and neonicotinoid use data from the U.S. Geological Survey. We considered bobwhite abundance, neonicotinoid use, climate, and land-use variables in our analysis. Neonicotinoid use was significantly (pTexas Plains ecological regions in the time periods following neonicotinoid introduction (1994-2003) or after their widespread use (2004-2012). Our analyses suggest that the use of neonicotinoid insecticides may negatively affect bobwhite populations in crop-producing regions of Texas.
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Infection with Capillaria spp. in cage reared peacocks (Pavus cristatus
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Dodovski Aleksandar
2009-11-01
Full Text Available In the period of July and August 2009 at the Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Skopje clinical and laboratory investigations of two peacocks (Pavus Cristatus male and female old 2, 5 years were performed. Peacocks had history of disease in the previous 3-4 months with clinical signs consisting of white diarrhea, emaciation, apathy, with normal appetite. Peacocks were treated several times with antibiotics without any success. With parasitological examination of the feces with qualitative method of flotation with saturated solution of ZnSO4 (SpG 1.4., mass infestation with eggs of Capillaria spp was established. On the basis of laboratory results therapy with levamisole (Neositol 10% - FM Pharm of the peacocks and thorough disinfection of the holding were recommended. On the basis of laboratory investigations, especially parasitological investigations it can be conclude that this is the first case of isolation of Capillaria spp in peacocks in Republic of Macedonia. Repeated single shot therapy with levamisole has proven effective with no side effects.
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El-Shahawy,Ismail Saad
2010-01-01
Coprological examination of 15 Indian peacocks, Pavo cristatus, revealed the presence of a coccidium species of the genus Eimeria, which apparently represents a previously undescribed species. Sporulation is exogenous and fully developed oocysts of Eimeria pavoaegyptica sp. nov. are ellipsoidal, with a dimension of 15 (13-16) × 12 (10-12.9) μm and with a shape index of 1.25 (1-1.3). The sporulated oocysts have no micropyle but enclose one large rectangular-shaped polar granule and an ooc...
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Lead pellet retention time and associated toxicity in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).
Kerr, Richard; Holladay, Steven; Jarrett, Timothy; Selcer, Barbara; Meldrum, Blair; Williams, Susan; Tannenbaum, Lawrence; Holladay, Jeremy; Williams, Jamie; Gogal, Robert
2010-12-01
Birds are exposed to Pb by oral ingestion of spent Pb shot as grit. A paucity of data exists for retention and clearance of these particles in the bird gastrointestinal tract. In the current study, northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were orally gavaged with 1, 5, or 10 Pb shot pellets, of 2-mm diameter, and radiographically followed over time. Blood Pb levels and other measures of toxicity were collected, to correlate with pellet retention. Quail dosed with either 5 or 10 pellets exhibited morbidity between weeks 1 and 2 and were removed from further study. Most of the Pb pellets were absorbed or excreted within 14 d of gavage, independent of dose. Pellet size in the ventriculus decreased over time in radiographs, suggesting dissolution caused by the acidic pH. Birds dosed with one pellet showed mean blood Pb levels that exceeded 1,300 µg/dl at week 1, further supporting dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract. Limited signs of toxicity were seen in the one-pellet birds; however, plasma δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (d-ALAD) activity was persistently depressed, suggesting possible impaired hematological function. © 2010 SETAC.
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Kistler, Whitney M; Parlos, Julie A; Peper, Steven T; Dunham, Nicholas R; Kendall, Ronald J
2016-01-01
Oxyspirura petrowi is a parasitic nematode that infects wild birds. This parasite has a broad host range, but has recently been reported in high prevalences from native Galliformes species in the United States. In order to better understand the impact O. petrowi has on wild bird populations, we developed a quantitative PCR protocol to detect infections in wild northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). We used paired fecal and cloacal swab samples from wild caught and experimentally infected northern bobwhites and matching fecal float data from experimentally infected birds to validate our assay. Overall we detected more positive birds from fecal samples than the paired cloacal swabs and there was strong agreement between the qPCR results from fecal samples and from fecal flotation (84%; κ = 0.69 [0.53-0.84 95% CI]). We also detected O. petrowi DNA in ten replicates of samples spiked with one O. petrowi egg. This qPCR assay is an effective assay to detect O. petrowi infections in wild birds. Our results suggest that fecal samples are the most appropriate sample for detecting infections; although, cloacal swabs can be useful for determining if O. petrowi is circulating in a population.
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CHEMOTHERAPY OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL NAMATODES IN COMMON PEAFOWL (PAVO CRISTATUS
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M. Ashraf, Faisal Noman Waraich, I.G. Ahmad and K. Pervez
2002-04-01
Full Text Available The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus at Lahore Zoo and to evaluate the comparative efficacy of albendazole, levamisole HCI and oxfendazole. Fifty-two faecal samples of the birds were examined in Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore, with direct smear method for the identification of nematode ova. Forty two samples out of 52 were found positive (80.77% for single or mixed infection of Capillaria spp., Ascaridia galliand Heterakis gallinae, and the individual percentages being 59.62, 38.46 and 13.46 respectively. Out of 42 infected birds 40 were chosen for medication and divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 birds (A= treated with albendazole, B=treated with levamisole, C = treated with oxfendazole and group D= untreated control. Faecal samples of experimental birds were examined for counting of eggs per gram of faeces on day '0' (pre-medication. Faecal egg counts were again carried out on day 5 and 10 post-medication and percentage reduction of EPG was calculated. Oxfendazole was found to be the most effective (98.88% among the three anthelmintics, followed by levamisole (97.3% and albendazole (95.60%.
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Systemic Histomoniasis in a Leucistic Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) from Southern Brazil.
Michelazzo, Mariana de Mello Zanim; Sasse, João Pedro; de Souza, Marielen; Marutani, Victor Hugo Brunaldi; Sampaio Baptista, Ana Angelita; Garcia, João Luis; Alfieri, Amauri Alcindo; Headley, Selwyn Arlington
2017-09-01
The pathological and molecular findings associated with Histomonas meleagridis are described in a leucistic Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) from Southern Brazil. The most significant gross findings were multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and diphtheric typhlitis. Histopathologic evaluation of the liver, ceca, kidney, spleen, and small intestine revealed systemic histomoniasis (SH) associated with intralesional and intravascular accumulations of histomonad organisms consistent with H. meleagridis. PCR was used to amplify the DNA of H. meleagridis from the liver, ceca, small intestine, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Direct sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the isolate of the flagellated trichomonad identified from this investigation is more phylogenetically related to H. meleagridis than Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Dientamoeba fragilis. These results confirmed the occurrence of SH in this peafowl and add to the diagnosis of this disease in birds from Brazil. This report might represent the first complete identification of spontaneous histomoniasis in a peafowl due to pathological and molecular characteristics and one of the few documented cases of SH in non-commercial birds.
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Two new species of Eimeria from peacocks (Pavo cristatus) in Saudi Arabia.
Amoudi, M A
1988-11-01
Fifteen fecal samples from peacocks (Pavo cristatus) in Saudi Arabia contained oocysts of Eimeria riyadhae n. sp. in two peacocks and oocysts of E. arabica n. sp. in one peacock. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria riyadhae are ellipsoidal, 27-30.5 x 20.5-25 (28.8 +/- 1.3 x 22.4 +/- 1.6) micron, with a two-layered wall and bilobed polar body, but without a micropyle or residuum. The sporocysts are ovoid, 11-14.5 x 6.5-8 (13.2 +/- 1.2 x 7.2 +/- 0.6) micron with a thick, knob-like Stieda body and a residuum. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria arabica are spheroidal, 17.5-21.5 x 17.5-21.5 (19.2 +/- 1.6 x 19.2 +/- 1.6) micron, with a two-layered wall and two refractile polar bodies, but without a micropyle or residuum. The sporocyts are elongate ovoid, 9.5-12 x 4-6.5 (11.2 +/- 0.9 x 5.5 +/- 0.88), with a small crescent-shaped Stieda body. The host bird belongs to the order Galliformis.
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The metabolic cost of walking on an incline in the Peacock (Pavo cristatus).
Wilkinson, Holly; Thavarajah, Nathan; Codd, Jonathan
2015-01-01
Altering speed and moving on a gradient can affect an animal's posture and gait, which in turn can change the energetic requirements of terrestrial locomotion. Here, the energetic and kinematic effects of locomoting on an incline were investigated in the Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus. The mass-specific metabolic rate of the Indian peacock was elevated on an incline, but this change was not dependent on the angle ascended and the cost of lifting remained similar between the two inclines (+5 and +7°). Interestingly, the Indian peacock had the highest efficiency when compared to any other previously studied avian biped, despite the presence of a large train. Duty factors were higher for birds moving on an incline, but there was no difference between +5 and +7°. Our results highlight the importance of investigating kinematic responses during energetic studies, as these may enable explanation of what is driving the underlying metabolic differences when moving on inclines. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanical processes occurring during incline movement.
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The metabolic cost of walking on an incline in the Peacock (Pavo cristatus
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Holly Wilkinson
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Altering speed and moving on a gradient can affect an animal’s posture and gait, which in turn can change the energetic requirements of terrestrial locomotion. Here, the energetic and kinematic effects of locomoting on an incline were investigated in the Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus. The mass-specific metabolic rate of the Indian peacock was elevated on an incline, but this change was not dependent on the angle ascended and the cost of lifting remained similar between the two inclines (+5 and +7°. Interestingly, the Indian peacock had the highest efficiency when compared to any other previously studied avian biped, despite the presence of a large train. Duty factors were higher for birds moving on an incline, but there was no difference between +5 and +7°. Our results highlight the importance of investigating kinematic responses during energetic studies, as these may enable explanation of what is driving the underlying metabolic differences when moving on inclines. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanical processes occurring during incline movement.
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Buttemer, William A; Dawson, William R
1993-10-01
We observed a colony of marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on Isla Fernandina, Galápagos, Ecuador, while measuring local micrometeorological and tidal conditions. We found size-related differences in foraging mode, with smaller iguanas feeding intertidally during daytime low tides and larger iguanas feeding subtidally. Despite having greater opportunity, subtidal foragers did not time their foraging bouts or exploit their environment in ways that optimized their period at high body temperature. Instead, the foraging schedule of these iguanas served to maximize their rate of rewarming following emergence from the cool sea. Intertidal feeders, by contrast, showed much greater behavioral flexibility in attempting to exploit their thermal environment. We suggest that size-ordered differences in marine iguana thermoregulatory behavior reflect underlying ontogenetic changes in costs and benefits of thermoregulation due to differences in predator pressure, quantity of food and electrolytes taken at each feeding, mode of foraging, and agonistic tendencies.
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Lee, Seung-Hun; Park, Sang-Joon; Kwak, Dongmi; Kim, Kyoo-Tae
2017-12-22
A 16-year-old female Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) died two days after recognition of conjunctivitis in the right eye, anorexia and depression. Gross necropsy revealed a thick pseudomembrane under the eyelid and hydropericardium. Histopathological examination revealed hepatocellular necrosis, sinusoidal and vascular congestion and infiltrated inflammatory cells. Infiltration by inflammatory cells was noted in the epicardium. The lungs had mild interstitial pneumonia with the extensive congestion within the capillaries of the air sacs. Tubular interstitial congestion and necrosis was noted in the kidneys. Bacterial culture and nucleotide sequencing of the inflammatory specimens identified the causative agent as Serratia marcescens, an uncommon bacterium in birds. In summary, this study describes the sudden death of an Indian peafowl due to S. marcescens infection, which is rarely seen in animals.
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NASSER, Mohamed; AL-AHMED, Azzam; SHOBRAK, Mohammed; ALDRYHIM, Yousif
2015-01-01
The amblyceran and ischnoceran lice removed from the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus L.) collected at the Riyadh bird market, and other specimens available in the King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were identified. Amyrsidea minuta Emerson, a new country record, and Goniodes dissimilis Denny were found infesting the Indian Peafowl in Saudi Arabia. Goniodes dissimilis is recorded for the first time from this bird species, along with Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzs...
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Hypervariable minisatellite DNA sequences in the Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus.
Hanotte, O; Burke, T; Armour, J A; Jeffreys, A J
1991-04-01
We report here for the first time the large-scale isolation of hypervariable minisatellite DNA sequences from a non-human species, the Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus). A size-selected genomic DNA fraction, rich in hypervariable minisatellites, was cloned into Charomid 9-36. This library was screened using two multilocus hypervariable probes, 33.6 and 33.15 and also, in a "probe-walking" approach, with five of the peafowl minisatellites initially isolated. Forty-eight positively hybridizing clones were characterized and found to originate from 30 different loci, 18 of which were polymorphic. Five of these variable minisatellite loci were studied further. They all showed Mendelian inheritance. The heterozygosities of these loci were relatively low (range 22-78%) in comparison with those of previously cloned human loci, as expected in view of inbreeding in our semicaptive study population. No new length allele mutations were observed in families and the mean mutation rate per locus is low (less than 0.004, 95% confidence maximum). These loci were also investigated by cross-species hybridization in related taxa. The ability of the probes to detect hypervariable sequences in other species within the same avian family was found to vary, from those probes that are species-specific to those that are apparently general to the family. We also illustrate the potential usefulness of these probes for paternity analysis in a study of sexual selection, and discuss the general application of specific hypervariable probes in behavioral and evolutionary studies.
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MacLeod, Amy; Irisarri, Iker; Vences, Miguel; Steinfartz, Sebastian
2016-09-01
The Galápagos iguanas are among the oldest vertebrate lineages on the Galápagos archipelago, and the evolutionary history of this clade is of great interest to biologists. We describe here the complete mitochondrial genomes of the marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus (Genbank accession number: KT277937) and the land iguana Conolophus subcristatus (Genbank accession number: KT277936). The genomes contain 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes, as well as a control region (CR). Both species have an identical gene order, which matches that of Iguana iguana. The CR of both Galápagos iguanas features similar tandem repeats units, which are absent in I. iguana. We present a phylogeny of the Iguanidae based on complete mitochondrial genomes, which confirms the sister-group relationship of Galápagos iguanas. These new mitochondrial genomes constitute an important data source for future exploration of the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the Galápagos iguanas.
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Zhao, Hongjing; Wang, Yu; Liu, Juanjuan; Shao, Yizhi; Li, Jinglun; Chai, Hongliang; Xing, Mingwei
2017-08-07
DNA and Cell Biology (DNA&CB) is officially retracting the paper by Zhao H, Wang Y, Liu J, Shao Y, Li J, Chai H, Xing M, entitled, "Molecular Characterization and Biological activity of Interferon-α in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)," [Epub ahead of print]; 2017, DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3798. The Editor-in-Chief of DNA&CB, Dr. Carol Shoshkes Reiss, was alerted to a discrepancy between the findings in the article by Zhao et al., and those of others, about the absence of expression of ISG15 in chickens. Dr. Reiss requested from the authors a clarification in their observations and inquired about the failure to include relevant citations in the reference section of the paper. Based on the response from the authors, it appeared that they did not have the confidence in the data as they were not able to repeat the experiments, and were also unsure of the molecular probes that were used in the study. Therefore, the Editor has determined that the paper should be officially retracted from DNA and Cell Biology.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
K. Ramesh
2009-02-01
Full Text Available It is ironic that while all efforts to save the Tiger (Panthera tigris are underway, another species of national importance, the Indian Peafowl, (Pavo cristatus is still to receive adequate attention. Illegal trade for train-feathers and mass mortality due to indiscriminate application of pesticides and herbicides in crop-fields are major causes of the recent decline in peafowl numbers. Though there has been increasing concern over the declining peafowl population, it is difficult to arrive at a realistic plan unless the current population size, the rate of decline and the causes of decline are scientifically quantified. Considering the need for conservation initiatives for peafowl, one must look beyond the ‘fire-fighting approach’ towards ‘keeping the common species common’ in order to be efficient with conservation investments and instill greater public participation.
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Su, Hongwen; McKelvey, Jessica; Rollins, Dale; Zhang, Michael; Brightsmith, Donald J.; Derr, James; Zhang, Shuping
2014-01-01
The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is an ecologically and economically important avian species. At the present time, little is known about the microbial communities associated with these birds. As the first step to create a quail microbiology knowledge base, the current study conducted an inventory of cultivable quail tracheal, crop, cecal, and cloacal microbiota and associated antimicrobial resistance using a combined bacteriology and DNA sequencing approach. A total of 414 morphologically unique bacterial colonies were selected from nonselective aerobic and anaerobic cultures, as well as selective and enrichment cultures. Analysis of the first 500-bp 16S rRNA gene sequences in conjunction with biochemical identifications revealed 190 non-redundant species-level taxonomic units, representing 160 known bacterial species and 30 novel species. The bacterial species were classified into 4 phyla, 14 orders, 37 families, and 59 or more genera. Firmicutes was the most commonly encountered phylum (57%) followed by Actinobacteria (24%), Proteobacteria (17%) and Bacteroidetes (0.02%). Extensive diversity in the species composition of quail microbiota was observed among individual birds and anatomical locations. Quail microbiota harbored several opportunistic pathogens, such as E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa, as well as human commensal organisms, including Neisseria species. Phenotypic characterization of selected bacterial species demonstrated a high prevalence of resistance to the following classes of antimicrobials: phenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, quinolone, and sulphate. Data from the current investigation warrant further investigation on the source, transmission, pathology, and control of antimicrobial resistance in wild quail populations. PMID:24937705
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hongwen Su
Full Text Available The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus is an ecologically and economically important avian species. At the present time, little is known about the microbial communities associated with these birds. As the first step to create a quail microbiology knowledge base, the current study conducted an inventory of cultivable quail tracheal, crop, cecal, and cloacal microbiota and associated antimicrobial resistance using a combined bacteriology and DNA sequencing approach. A total of 414 morphologically unique bacterial colonies were selected from nonselective aerobic and anaerobic cultures, as well as selective and enrichment cultures. Analysis of the first 500-bp 16S rRNA gene sequences in conjunction with biochemical identifications revealed 190 non-redundant species-level taxonomic units, representing 160 known bacterial species and 30 novel species. The bacterial species were classified into 4 phyla, 14 orders, 37 families, and 59 or more genera. Firmicutes was the most commonly encountered phylum (57% followed by Actinobacteria (24%, Proteobacteria (17% and Bacteroidetes (0.02%. Extensive diversity in the species composition of quail microbiota was observed among individual birds and anatomical locations. Quail microbiota harbored several opportunistic pathogens, such as E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa, as well as human commensal organisms, including Neisseria species. Phenotypic characterization of selected bacterial species demonstrated a high prevalence of resistance to the following classes of antimicrobials: phenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, quinolone, and sulphate. Data from the current investigation warrant further investigation on the source, transmission, pathology, and control of antimicrobial resistance in wild quail populations.
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French, Susannah S; DeNardo, Dale F; Greives, Timothy J; Strand, Christine R; Demas, Gregory E
2010-11-01
Anthropogenic disturbance is a relevant and widespread facilitator of environmental change and there is clear evidence that it impacts natural populations. While population-level responses to major anthropogenic changes have been well studied, individual physiological responses to mild disturbance can be equally critical to the long-term survival of a species, yet they remain largely unexamined. The current study investigated the impact of seemingly low-level anthropogenic disturbance (ecotourism) on stress responsiveness and specific fitness-related immune measures in different breeding stages of the marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Specifically, we found stress-induced elevations in plasma corticosterone among tourist-exposed populations relative to undisturbed populations. We also found changes in multiple immunological responses associated with stress-related effects of human disturbance, including bacterial killing ability, cutaneous wound healing, and hemolytic complement activity, and the responses varied according to reproductive state. By identifying health-related consequences of human disturbance, this study provides critical insight into the conservation of a well-known species that has a very distinct ecology. The study also broadens the foundation of knowledge needed to understand the global significance of various levels of human disturbance. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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French, Susannah S; DeNardo, Dale F.; Greives, Timothy J.; Strand, Christine R.; Demas, Gregory E.
2010-01-01
Anthropogenic disturbance is a relevant and widespread facilitator of environmental change and there is clear evidence that it impacts natural populations. While population-level responses to major anthropogenic changes have been well studied, individual physiological responses to mild disturbance can be equally critical to the long-term survival of a species, yet they remain largely unexamined. The current study investigated the impact of seemingly low-level anthropogenic disturbance (ecotourism) on stress responsiveness and specific fitness-related immune measures in different breeding stages of the marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Specifically, we found stress-induced elevations in plasma corticosterone among tourist-exposed populations relative to undisturbed populations. We also found changes in multiple immunological responses associated with stress-related effects of human disturbance, including bacterial killing ability, cutaneous wound healing, and hemolytic complement activity, and the responses varied according to reproductive state. By identifying health-related consequences of human disturbance, this study provides critical insight into the conservation of a well-known species that has a very distinct ecology. The study also broadens the foundation of knowledge needed to understand the global significance of various levels of human disturbance. PMID:20708010
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LA TRADUCCIÓN DE LAS EXPRESIONES IDIOMÁTICAS MARCADAS CULTURALMENTE
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Isabel Negro Alousque
2010-10-01
Full Text Available Language is an integral part of culture. The relationship between language and culture shows particularly in lexis. Idioms belong to the category of culturally-determined lexical units and are thus an obvious source of non-equivalence which cause diffi culties in the translation process. In the present article we fi rst analyse different classes of idioms according to the type of cultural motivation underlying them: areference to customs, historical events, literary works or beliefs; b reference to cultural domains; c presence of a metaphor entrenched in the target culture. We then focus on the different strategies used in the translation of culture-specifi c idioms (literal translation, adaptation or substitution, paraphrase.La lengua es parte integrante de la cultura. La relación entre lengua y cultura se refl eja principalmente en el léxico. Las expresiones idiomáticas constituyen una categoría de unidades léxicas marcadas culturalmente, y son, por tanto, fuente indiscutible de inequivalencias traductológicas que plantean problemas a la hora de ser transvasadas a otra lengua. En este artículo analizamos en primer lugar diferentes clases de expresiones idiomáticas en función del tipo de motivación cultural que está en la raíz de tales idiomatismos: a alusión a costumbres, hechos históricos, obras literarias o creencias; b referencia a ámbitos culturales; c presencia de una metáfora ligada a la cultura meta. A continuación exponemos las diferentes estrategias utilizadas en la traducción de expresiones idiomáticas culturalmente específi cas (traducción literal, adaptación o sustitución, y paráfrasis.
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Yvette A Halley
Full Text Available Herein, we evaluated the concordance of population inferences and conclusions resulting from the analysis of short mitochondrial fragments (i.e., partial or complete D-Loop nucleotide sequences versus complete mitogenome sequences for 53 bobwhites representing six ecoregions across TX and OK (USA. Median joining (MJ haplotype networks demonstrated that analyses performed using small mitochondrial fragments were insufficient for estimating the true (i.e., complete mitogenome haplotype structure, corresponding levels of divergence, and maternal population history of our samples. Notably, discordant demographic inferences were observed when mismatch distributions of partial (i.e., partial D-Loop versus complete mitogenome sequences were compared, with the reduction in mitochondrial genomic information content observed to encourage spurious inferences in our samples. A probabilistic approach to variant prediction for the complete bobwhite mitogenomes revealed 344 segregating sites corresponding to 347 total mutations, including 49 putative nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs distributed across 12 protein coding genes. Evidence of gross heteroplasmy was observed for 13 bobwhites, with 10 of the 13 heteroplasmies involving one moderate to high frequency SNV. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses for the complete bobwhite mitogenome sequences revealed two divergent maternal lineages (dXY = 0.00731; FST = 0.849; P < 0.05, thereby supporting the potential for two putative subspecies. However, the diverged lineage (n = 103 variants almost exclusively involved bobwhites geographically classified as Colinus virginianus texanus, which is discordant with the expectations of previous geographic subspecies designations. Tests of adaptive evolution for functional divergence (MKT, frequency distribution tests (D, FS and phylogenetic analyses (RAxML provide no evidence for positive selection or hybridization with the sympatric scaled quail
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Pacheco, M. Andreína; Escalante, Ananias A.; Garner, Michael M.; Bradley, Gregory A.; Aguilar, Roberto F.
2011-01-01
The avian haemosporidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa) are taxonomically diverse and cosmopolitan in distribution; infecting most bird families. Sources of concern are reports of clinical haemosporidian infections in birds kept as part of zoo and aviary collections. Recently, severe and acute mortality episodes have been reported in masked bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi), an endangered subspecies from the American Southwest. Two hundred and five eggs of the captive flock held in Arivaca, Arizona, were hatched at a zoo in the American Southwest. Thirty four sub-adult or adult animals had lesions associated with tissue phases of hemoparasites, especially vasculitis, ventricular leiomyositis and ulcerative pododermatitis. Molecular techniques applied to blood collected from the zoo’s last twelve remaining animals resulted in the detection of a Plasmodium juxtanucleare-like and Haemoproteus sp. parasites. A Raven (Corvus corax), in a contiguous exhibit, was positive for the same Plasmodium juxtanucleare-like parasite, but remained asymptomatic for three years following detection. These findings indicate that other birds in the exhibit within the zoo premises could act as reservoirs. We conclude that haemosporidian infections could be a factor in the demise of the captive masked bobwhite quails housed at the zoo. We suggest that active surveillance for haemoporidian parasites should be incorporated as a precaution to ex-situ conservation efforts of susceptible endangered species. PMID:21726940
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Black, Peter A; Cox, Sherry K; Macek, Michael; Tieber, Anne; Junge, Randall E
2010-12-01
Tramadol is a centrally acting opiate analgesic that has not been well studied in avian species. Tramadol and its metabolites exert their effects at multiple sites, including opiate (mu, kappa, and delta), adrenergic (alpha-2), and serotonin (5HT) receptors. This multi-receptor mode of action is advantageous for avian patients because the mechanisms for analgesia have not been fully elucidated in all species. The objective of this study was to document the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1) in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus). Based on results from a pilot animal, six adult peafowl (three male, three female) judged to be clinically healthy based on physical exam and routine bloodwork were selected for this study. Each bird was anesthetized for placement of a jugular catheter, and 7.5 mg/kg tramadol was administered orally via gavage tube. Blood samples were collected just prior to drug administration; at 30 min; and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 34 hr. Plasma levels of tramadol and M1 were measured and the pharmacokinetics for each drug was calculated. Although tramadol was quickly metabolized, plasma levels of M1 remained at or near human analgesic levels for 12-24 hr. Based on these data, tramadol may be a practical option as an orally administered analgesic agent in avian patients. Further studies, including antinociceptive studies, are needed.
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Molecular cloning and functional analysis of peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Toll-like receptor 7.
Song, H; Zhang, M; Gao, W; Wu, L; Li, G
2018-01-01
In order to clone the peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene and study its biological function, the peafowl TLR7 coding sequences (CDS) were amplified by PCR of cDNA from the whole spleen of peafowl. The full-length sequence of the peafowl TLR7 gene CDS is 3,141 bp and encodes a 1,046-amino acid protein with a classic TLR composition of 16 leucine-rich repeats (LRR). Insertions of amino acids were found at position 15 of LRR2, LRR5, LRR7, LRR9, LRR11, LRR12, LRR14, and LRR15; and position 10 of LRR11. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the peafowl TLR7 gene was highly expressed in lymphoid tissues of the spleen, bursa, bone marrow, lung, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). HEK293T cells were transfected with a peafowl TLR7 plasmid, and functional analysis showed that peafowl TLR7 could respond to R848, leading to activation of NF-κB. Following R848 stimulation or Newcastle disease virus infection of peafowl PBMC, the levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, CCLi2, and TGF-β4 mRNA, assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, increased significantly. Triggering peafowl TLR7 results in upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting that peafowl TLR7 plays an important role in the innate immune response. © 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.
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El-Shahawy, Ismail Saad
2010-12-01
Coprological examination of 15 Indian peacocks, Pavo cristatus, revealed the presence of a coccidium species of the genus Eimeria, which apparently represents a previously undescribed species. Sporulation is exogenous and fully developed oocysts of Eimeria pavoaegyptica sp. nov. are ellipsoidal, with a dimension of 15 (13-16) × 12 (10-12.9) microm and with a shape index of 1.25 (1-1.3). The sporulated oocysts have no micropyle but enclose one large rectangular-shaped polar granule and an oocyst residuum. The oocysts have a distinct two-layered wall, which is ~approximately1.7 microm thick. The outer layer has a smooth texture; it fills ~¾ of the total thickness and appears bicolored. The sporocysts are boat-shaped, of about 10 (9-11) × 4 (4-4.7) microm; their average shape-index is 2.5 microm with a small pointed Stieda body and a smooth, thin single-layered wall. No substieda body is detected. The sporocysts contain numerous, nearly uniform granular residua. The sporozoites are banana-shaped, 6 × 3 microm and each has two different-sized refractile bodies.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jaime Niño
2011-09-01
Full Text Available Many plants have been used to treat some diseases and infections since time immemorial, and this potential has been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry in the search of new analgesic, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agents, among other active agents. in order to contribute with bioprospection studies on the Colombian flora, 35 extracts from 13 plant species belonging to seven families (Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Costaceae, Eremolepidaceae, Passifloraceae, Solanaceae and Urticaceae were collected from La Marcada Natural Regional Park (LMNRP, Colombia. Dichloromethane, n-hexane and aqueous-methanol crude extracts were prepared and evaluated for their activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae RS322N, R52Y and RS321 strains in the yeast mutant assay and their antioxidant capacity through the DPPH test. The dichloromethane extract from Myriocarpa stipitata (Urticaceae showed moderate inhibitory activity against the three S. cerevisiae strains tested. The capacity of the dichloromethane extract from M. stipitata to inhibit the enzyme topoisomerase I and to cause DNA damage was inferred from these results. In the DPPH assay, the n-hexane crude extract from Costus sp. (Costaceae showed good antioxidant activity (48%; in addition, the crude dichloromethane and aqueous-methanol extracts from Rhipsalis micrantha (Cactaceae showed moderate antioxidant activity with percentage of 29 and 21%, respectively. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3: 1089-1097. Epub 2011 September 01.Desde tiempos inmemoriales, muchas plantas han sido usadas para el tratamiento de varias enfermedades e infecciones, este potencial ha sido explotado por la industria farmacéutica en la búsqueda de nuevos agentes analgésicos, anticancerígenos y antimicrobianos, entre otros. Consientes con esto, se evaluó la actividad de 35 extractos de 13 especies de plantas recolectadas en el Parque Regional Natural La Marcada (PRNLM, Colombia contra las cepas mutadas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae RS322N, R
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Crosby, Andrew D.; Elmore, R.D.; Leslie,, David M.; Will, Rodney E.
2015-01-01
Changes in land use and land cover throughout the eastern half of North America have caused substantial declines in populations of birds that rely on grassland and shrubland vegetation types, including socially and economically important game birds such as the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhites). As much attention is focused on habitat management and restoration for bobwhites, they may act as an umbrella species for other bird species with similar habitat requirements. We quantified the relationship of bobwhites to the overall bird community and evaluated the potential for bobwhites to act as an umbrella species for grassland and shrubland birds. We monitored bobwhite presence and bird community composition within 31 sample units on selected private lands in the south-central United States from 2009 to 2011. Bobwhites were strongly associated with other grassland and shrubland birds and were a significant positive predictor for 9 species. Seven of these, including Bell's Vireo (Vireo bell), Dicksissel (Spiza americana), and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), are listed as species of conservation concern. Species richness and occupancy probability of grassland and shrubland birds were higher relative to the overall bird community in sample units occupied by bobwhites. Our results show that bobwhites can act as an umbrella species for grassland and shrubland birds, although the specific species in any given situation will depend on region and management objectives. These results suggest that efficiency in conservation funding can be increased by using public interest in popular game species to leverage resources to meet multiple conservation objectives.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ismail Saad El-Shahawy
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Coprological examination of 15 Indian peacocks, Pavo cristatus, revealed the presence of a coccidium species of the genus Eimeria, which apparently represents a previously undescribed species. Sporulation is exogenous and fully developed oocysts of Eimeria pavoaegyptica sp. nov. are ellipsoidal, with a dimension of 15 (13-16 × 12 (10-12.9 μm and with a shape index of 1.25 (1-1.3. The sporulated oocysts have no micropyle but enclose one large rectangular-shaped polar granule and an oocyst residuum. The oocysts have a distinct two-layered wall, which is ~1.7 μm thick. The outer layer has a smooth texture; it fills ~¾ of the total thickness and appears bicolored. The sporocysts are boat-shaped, of about 10 (9-11 × 4 (4-4.7 μm; their average shape-index is 2.5 μm with a small pointed Stieda body and a smooth, thin single-layered wall. No substieda body is detected. The sporocysts contain numerous, nearly uniform granular residua. The sporozoites are banana-shaped, 6 × 3 μm and each has two different-sized refractile bodies.
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Blood gases, biochemistry and haematology of Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
Lewbart, Gregory A.; Hirschfeld, Maximilian; Brothers, J. Roger; Muñoz-Pérez, Juan Pablo; Denkinger, Judith; Vinueza, Luis; García, Juan; Lohmann, Kenneth J.
2015-01-01
The marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, is an iconic lizard endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, but surprisingly little information exists on baseline health parameters for this species. We analysed blood samples drawn from 35 marine iguanas captured at three locations on San Cristóbal Island. A portable blood analyser (iSTAT) was used to obtain near-immediate field results for pH, lactate, partial pressure of O2, partial pressure of CO2, bicarbonate (HCO3−), percentage O2 saturation, haematocrit, haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium and glucose. Parameter values affected by temperature were auto-corrected by the iSTAT. Standard laboratory haematology techniques were employed for differential white blood cell counts and haematocrit determination; resulting values were also compared with the haematocrit values generated by the iSTAT. Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and body measurements were also recorded. Body length was positively correlated with several blood chemistry values (HCO3− and glucose) and two haematology parameters (haemoglobin and manually determined haematocrit). A notable finding was the unusually high blood sodium level; the mean value of 178 mg/dl is among the highest known for any reptile. This value is likely to be a conservative estimate because some samples exceeded the maximal value the iSTAT can detect. For haematocrit determination, the iSTAT blood analyser yielded results significantly lower than those obtained with high-speed centrifugation. The values reported in this study provide baseline data that may be useful in comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among marine iguanas affected by natural disturbances or anthropogenic threats. The findings might also be helpful in future efforts to demonstrate associations between specific biochemical parameters and disease. PMID:27293719
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rafael C. Costa
2015-05-01
Full Text Available Abstract:Trematodes belonging to the family Eucotylidae, including Tanaisia(ParatanaisiabragaiSantos, 1934are parasites of the kidney and ureter that affect several species of domestic and wild birds. Tanaisia bragaiis considered a low pathogenic parasite, but high worm burdens may determine clinical complications, including signs of apathy, weight loss, diarrhea and death. This paper describes the first report of infection by T. bragai in peacocks (Pavo cristatus, which constitutes a new host record and offers data on the lesions associated to this parasitism, although the degree of pathogenicity and parasite load may be considered mild. These birds did not exhibit clinical signs of parasitism. The macroscopic exam revealed discreet yellow spots on the liver. In the histological sections of the kidney, specimens of T. bragai were found in the collecting ducts, which were markedly dilated, with a thickened wall. Other findings included a mild inflammatory reaction in the wall of the ducts (but sometimes absent, flattening of lining epithelial cells and small, multifocal points of calcification around the collecting ducts. The microscopic examination of the parasites revealed trematodes with an elongated body, well-developed sub terminal oral sucker, pharynx present, short esophagus, cecum somewhat undulating or not, with blind end, testes symmetrical, equatorial, irregular in shape or slightly lobed, vitelline fields extending in both pre-ovarian and post ovarian fields, uterus very long, intercecal or sometimes overlapping the cecum and containing large quantities of eggs. The present findings suggest the need for further diagnostic studies on the prevalence of this trematode in peacocks as well as pathologic studies for the determination of the potential pathogenicity of this parasite in this species of bird. Moreover, infected peacocks could serve as carriers of T. bragai to be transferred to other bird species, thereby contributing to the
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Blood gases, biochemistry and haematology of Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus).
Lewbart, Gregory A; Hirschfeld, Maximilian; Brothers, J Roger; Muñoz-Pérez, Juan Pablo; Denkinger, Judith; Vinueza, Luis; García, Juan; Lohmann, Kenneth J
2015-01-01
The marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, is an iconic lizard endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, but surprisingly little information exists on baseline health parameters for this species. We analysed blood samples drawn from 35 marine iguanas captured at three locations on San Cristóbal Island. A portable blood analyser (iSTAT) was used to obtain near-immediate field results for pH, lactate, partial pressure of O2, partial pressure of CO2, bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)), percentage O2 saturation, haematocrit, haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium and glucose. Parameter values affected by temperature were auto-corrected by the iSTAT. Standard laboratory haematology techniques were employed for differential white blood cell counts and haematocrit determination; resulting values were also compared with the haematocrit values generated by the iSTAT. Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and body measurements were also recorded. Body length was positively correlated with several blood chemistry values (HCO3 (-) and glucose) and two haematology parameters (haemoglobin and manually determined haematocrit). A notable finding was the unusually high blood sodium level; the mean value of 178 mg/dl is among the highest known for any reptile. This value is likely to be a conservative estimate because some samples exceeded the maximal value the iSTAT can detect. For haematocrit determination, the iSTAT blood analyser yielded results significantly lower than those obtained with high-speed centrifugation. The values reported in this study provide baseline data that may be useful in comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among marine iguanas affected by natural disturbances or anthropogenic threats. The findings might also be helpful in future efforts to demonstrate associations between specific biochemical parameters and disease.
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Munir, Muhammad; Shabbir, Muhammad Z; Yaqub, Tahir; Shabbir, Muhammad A B; Mukhtar, Nadia; Khan, Muhammad R; Berg, Mikael
2012-12-01
Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) was isolated from an acute and highly contagious outbreak in peacocks (Pavo cristatus) in a wildlife park in Pakistan. A velogenic neurotropic form of APMV-1 caused a 100% case fatality rate and killed 190 peacocks within a week. Biological and serological characterizations showed features of a velogenic strain of APMV-1, and these results were further confirmed by sequence analysis of the cleavage site in the fusion protein. The complete genome of one of the isolates was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. The analysis showed that this isolate belonged to genotype VII, specifically, to subgenotype VIIa, and clustered closely with isolates characterized from Indonesia in the 1990s. Interestingly, the isolate showed significant differences from previously characterized APMV-1 isolates from commercial and rural chickens in Pakistan. The work presented here is the first complete genome sequence of any APMV-1 isolate from wild birds in the region and therefore highlights the need for increased awareness and surveillance in such bird species.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gregory A. Lewbart
2018-02-01
Full Text Available Effective conservation of marine megafauna requires a thorough understanding of the ecology, physiology, population dynamics, and health of vulnerable species. Assessing the health of large, mobile marine animals poses particular challenges, in part because the subjects are difficult to capture and restrain, and in part because standard laboratory and diagnostic tools are difficult to apply in a field setting. Radiography is a critically important diagnostic tool used routinely by veterinarians, but it has seldom been possible to image live marine vertebrates in the field. As a first step toward assessing the feasibility of incorporating radiography into studies of vulnerable species in remote locations, we used portable radiographic equipment to acquire the first digital internal images of living marine iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, an iconic lizard endemic only to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador. The radiographic machinery was powered by batteries and performed well on a rocky beach environment of an uninhabited island, despite high heat and humidity. The accuracy of radiographic measurements was validated by computing a snout-vent length (SVL using bone dimensions and comparing this to standard measurements of SVL made externally with a tape measure. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using radiography to study animals in remote sites, a technique that may prove useful for a variety of physiological, ecological, and biomechanical studies in which reliable measurements of skeletal and soft-tissue dimensions must be acquired under challenging field conditions. Refinements are discussed that will help the technology reach its full potential in field studies.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luis Sandoval
2011-03-01
Full Text Available Los factores que determinan el inicio de la época reproductiva, y la relación entre el tiempo que un macho de Colinus leucopogon defiende su territorio con el éxito reproductivo del mismo son desconocidos. Por lo tanto aquí se reporta el efecto de variables climáticas sobre el inicio de la época reproductiva, y el efecto de la duración de los machos en su territorio con el éxito de adquirir pareja. También se analiza la relación entre la duración de los machos en su territorio con las características del canto y el territorio. Precipitaciones superiores a 14.3mm en marzo determinaron el inicio de la época reproductiva. Esto favoreció el incremento de alimento y sitios para anidar, lo que podría incrementar el éxito reproductivo de la especie. La duración de los machos dentro de su territorio no se asoció con la adquisición de pareja, debido a que machos que logran emparejarse duraron un tiempo similar en sus territorios, que machos que no se emparejaron. Las características del canto y el territorio tampoco se relacionaron con la duración del macho dentro de su territorio. Por lo tanto esto puede ser otra causa para que no se haya encontrado una relación entre la duración del macho en su territorio con la formación de parejas, ya que las características del canto son las que más influyen en la formación de parejas en esta especie.
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Ismail, Mahmoud Moussa; Khan, Owais Ahmed; Cattoli, Giovanni; Lu, Huaguang
2010-03-01
An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 was first diagnosed in a "backyard" flock of peafowl (Pavo cristatus) raised on palace premises in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in December 3, 2007. The flock consisted of 40 peafowl, and their ages ranged from 3 to 5 years old. Affected birds suffered from depression, anorexia, and white diarrhea. Four dead birds were submitted for HPAI diagnosis at the Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Riyadh. Brain and liver tissues and tracheal and cloacal swabs were taken from the dead birds and processed for a real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR test and virus isolation in specific-pathogen-free embryonating chicken eggs. The H5N1 subtype of avian influenza virus was isolated from the four dead birds and identified by a real-time RT-PCR before and after egg inoculation. The virus isolates were characterized as HPAI H5N1 virus by sequencing analysis. Phylogenetic comparisons revealed that the H5N1 viruses isolated from peafowl belong to the genetic clade 2.2 according to the World Health Organization nomenclature. The peafowl H5N1 virus falls into 2.2.2 sublineage II and clusters with the H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry in Saudi Arabia in 2007-08.
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Thaller, Maria C; Ciambotta, Marco; Sapochetti, Manuela; Migliore, Luciana; Tapia, Whashington; Cedeño, Virna; Gentile, Gabriele
2010-02-01
The presence of Vibrio isolates was investigated in cloacal swabs from the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhyncus cristatus). Such unique iguana is endemic to the Galápagos Archipelago, it is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List (2009), and is strictly protected by CITES and Ecuador laws. Our results revealed an uneven isolation frequency of vibrios from animals living in different settings: maximal among the Santa Fe population, scarce at Bahía Tortuga but practically absent in the samples from Puerto Ayora and Plaza Sur. A 16S sequencing confirmed that the isolates belonged to the genus Vibrio, placing them within the V. alginolyticus group; the biochemical identification was, indeed, consistent with V. alginolyticus features. The reason of the observed discrepancy is not clear, but could be either linked to a higher pollution in the inhabited or more touristic places or to differential influence of chemical and physical parameters at a local scale. As V. alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen for man and it is known to cause disease in sea-living animals, the ability of these vibrios to enter and persist to a certain extent in the marine iguana gut should be regarded as a risk for health of both the animals and the human personnel involved in monitoring activities. © 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
France BELLISLE
2001-08-01
Full Text Available Surveys of food intake in humans, following measurements of energy expenditures in free-living persons, obtained by the doubly-labeled water technique, have been severely questioned in recent years. The present article reviews studies performed in both adults and children, comparing energy intake and expenditures in the same individuals. In adults, reported intake is often insufficient to cover minimal energy needs. The typical level of "under-reporting" is about 20%, and it is even higher in obese subjects. Intake data obtained from children are more valid than data from adults. Different survey methods yield differing degrees of agreement between intake and expenditure measurements using the doubly labeled water technique: frequency questionnaires tend to induce over-reporting, whereas the classical 24 hours recall is very susceptible to large under-reporting. Even obese adults can provide accurate reports of their daily food intake if properly trained and motivated. The interpretation of data obtained with the doubly labeled water method should integrate the considerable day-to-day variations observed in human food intake.Pesquisas de ingestão alimentar em seres humanos, seguindo medidas de gastos de energia, obtidas pela técnica da água duplamente marcada, têm sido amplamente questionadas nos últimos anos. Este artigo faz uma revisão de estudos realizados em adultos e crianças, comparando consumo e gastos de energia nos mesmos indivíduos. Em adultos, o consumo relatado é freqüentemente insuficiente para cobrir as necessidades mínimas de energia. O nível típico de sub notificação é de cerca de 20% e chega a percentuais maiores em indivíduos obesos. Dados de consumo obtidos de crianças são mais válidos que dados de adultos. Métodos diferentes de pesquisa produzem graus diferenciados de conformidade entre medidas de consumo e gasto usando a técnica da água duplamente marcada: questionários de freqüência tendem a
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Eimeria tenella: host specificity in gallinaceous birds.
Vetterling, J M
1976-02-01
Eight species representing 8 genera of gallinaceous birds were used: Alectoris graeca; Colinus virginianus; Coturnix coturnix; Gallus gallus; Meleagris gallopavo; Numidia meleagris; Pavo cristatus; Phasianus colchicus. Three week-old birds were dosed with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella Beltsville strain. At 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144, and 168 hr after inoculation, 1-3 infected birds and uninoculated controls of each species were killed by cardiac exsanguination. Pieces of intestines were fixed and examined for stages of E. tenella as stained paraffin sections or indirect fluorescent antibody preparations. Oocyst counts were made in droppings collected for the first 6 days of the patent period. Sporozoites were found in the lamina propria of some birds of 5 species at 4 hr postinoculation, but no stages were found thereafter except in the breeds of G. gallus and A. gracea. At 144 and 168 hr postinoculation, a few macrogametes were found in the ceca of 2 A. gracea, but no oocysts were found in the feces. No statistical difference was found between the number of oocysts produced/bird in the breeds of G. gallus examined. It is evident from these observations the E. tenella did not complete its life cycle in several close phylogenetic relatives of G. gallus, even though in other studies this parasite was found to complete its life cycle in cell cultures derived from the same birds.
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Glaberman, Scott; Moreno, Maria A; Caccone, Adalgisa
2009-08-01
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play a key role in the adaptive immune system of vertebrates. Class II B genes appear to evolve in a very different manner in mammals and birds. Orthology is commonly observed among mammal loci, while genes tend to cluster phylogenetically within bird species. Here we present class II B data from a representative of another major group of amniotes, the squamates (i.e. lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians), with the ultimate goal of placing mammalian and avian MHC evolution into a broader context. In this study, eight class II B cDNA sequences were obtained from the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) which were divided into five locus groups, Amcr-DAB1 through -DAB5, based on similarities along most of the coding and noncoding portions of the transcribed gene. All marine iguana sequences were monophyletic with respect to class II genes from other vertebrates indicating that they originated from a common ancestral locus after squamates split from other reptiles. The beta-1 domain, which is involved in antigen binding, exhibited signatures of positive selection as well as interlocus gene conversion in both long and short tracts-a pattern also observed in birds and fish, but not in mammals. On the other hand, the beta-2 domain was divergent between gene groups, which is characteristic of mammals. Based on these results, we preliminarily show that squamate class II B genes have been shaped by a unique blend of evolutionary forces that have been observed in differing degrees in other vertebrates.
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Desingu, Perumal Arumugam; Singh, Shambhu Dayal; Dhama, Kuldeep; Vinodhkumar, Obli Rajendran; Barathidasan, Rajamani; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Singh, Rajendra; Singh, Raj Kumar
2016-12-01
Disease outbreak investigations were carried out in three states of Northern India namely Haryana (Rewari), Uttar Pradesh (Noida) and Delhi, where a total of 110 Indian peafowls (Pavo cristatus) showed sudden onset of nervous signs and died within a period of two weeks during June, 2012. The F (fusion) gene-based RT-PCR detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in affected tissues confirmed the presence of the virus. Three NDV isolates were selected (one from each area under investigation) and further characterized. They were found to be of virulent pathotype (velogenic NDV) based on both pathogenicity assays (MDT, ICPI and IVPI) and partial F gene sequence analysis. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to the genotype VIIi and XIII of class II avian Paramyxovirus serotype1 (APMV-1) and related closely to new emerging sub-genotypes. This is the first report regarding the presence of the fifth panzootic vNDV genotype VIIi from India. In this scenario, extensive epidemiological studies are suggested for surveillance of NDV genotypes in wild birds and poultry flocks of the country along with adopting suitable prevention and control measures.
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Gupta, Sandeep Kumar; Kumar, Ajit; Hussain, Syed Ainul; Vipin; Singh, Lalji
2013-06-01
The Indian wild pig (Sus scrofa cristatus) is a protected species and listed in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The wild pig is often hunted illegally and sold in market as meat warranting punishment under law. To avoid confusion in identification of these two subspecies during wildlife forensic examinations, we describe genetic differentiation of Indian wild and domestic pigs using a molecular technique. Analysis of sequence generated from the partial fragment (421bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene exhibited unambiguous (>3%) genetic variation between Indian wild and domestic pigs. We observed nine forensically informative nucleotide sequence (FINS) variations between Indian wild and domestic pigs. The overall genetic variation described in this study is helpful in forensic identification of the biological samples of wild and domestic pigs. It also helped in differentiating the Indian wild pig from other wild pig races. This study indicates that domestic pigs in India are not descendent of the Indian wild pig, however; they are closer to the other wild pig races found in Asia and Europe. Copyright © 2012 Forensic Science Society. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arockianathan Samson
2018-02-01
Full Text Available The present study aimed to estimate the population status, habitat utilisation and threats to the Indian peafowl in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu from November 2016 to March 2017. A total of 1091 individuals of peafowls were recorded in 487 sightings in 1080 km (2.28 ± 0.05 with the encounter rate of 1.01 individuals / km. In Dry Deciduous Forest a total of 570 individuals of peafowls were recorded in 224 sightings in 460 km (2.28 ± 0.05, ER = 1.01 individuals / km. In Dry Thorn Forest a total of 521 individuals of peafowls were recorded in 254 sightings in 620 km (2.05 ± 0.06 ER = 0.84 individuals / km. A total of 19 roosting trees species were identified, all recorded in thorn forest; similarly nine species were recorded in dry deciduous forest. The highest number of roosts were recorded in Tectona grandis (n = 27; the average height of the tree species was 14.46 m and the average Indian peafowl roost height was 11.25. The Indian peafowl has decreased; the reason for invading the human habitation was the loss of food (n = 60. Crop damage by peafowl shows that beans (50% were highly damaged followed by chilly (37%, tomato (5% and ragi (4% and corn (1%. Drivers (n = 25 noted that under some circumstances Pavo cristatus could be killed due to its sudden appearance on the roads.
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Clancy, Meredith M; KuKanich, Butch; Sykes, John M
2015-12-01
To determine pharmacokinetics of butorphanol delivered via osmotic pumps in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) as a method for analgesic administration to avian species. 14 healthy adult male common peafowl. A preliminary experiment was conducted with 2 birds to establish time point and concentration requirements. Then, the remaining 12 birds were anesthetized, and 2 osmotic pumps containing butorphanol (volume, 2 mL; mean dosage, 247 μg/kg/h) were implanted subcutaneously in each bird for 7 days prior to removal. Blood samples were collected before pump implantation (time 0); 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after pump implantation; and 3 and 6 hours after pump removal. Plasma butorphanol concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations peaked (mean, 106.4 μg/L; range, 61.8 to 133.0 μg/L) at a mean of 39.0 hours, with no evidence of sedation in any bird. After pump removal, butorphanol was rapidly eliminated (half-life, 1.45 hours; range, 1.31 to 1.64 hours; n = 5). Mean clearance per fraction of dose absorbed was 2.89 L/kg/h (range, 2.00 to 5.55 L/kg/h). Mean amount of time the plasma butorphanol concentration was ≥ 60 μg/L was 85.6 hours (range, 3.5 to 155.3 hours). Plasma concentrations of butorphanol in common peafowl were maintained at or above reported efficacious analgesic concentrations. This study established a method for administering analgesics to avian patients without the need for frequent handling or injections. Use of these osmotic pumps may provide options for avian analgesia.
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Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi
2007-01-01
O gasto energético total (GET) pode ser usado como medida da ingestão energética (IE). Existe um constante sub-relato da IE obtida por métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar, mas poucos estudos o investigaram em nações em desenvolvimento. Objetivos: a) comparar a validade das estimativas de IE de um questionário de freqüência alimentar, três recordatórios alimentares e um diário alimentar de três dias, segundo a água duplamente marcada; b) determinar a influência da prática de atividade fí...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yvette A Halley
Full Text Available Wild populations of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhite have declined across nearly all of their U.S. range, and despite their importance as an experimental wildlife model for ecotoxicology studies, no bobwhite draft genome assembly currently exists. Herein, we present a bobwhite draft de novo genome assembly with annotation, comparative analyses including genome-wide analyses of divergence with the chicken (Gallus gallus and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata genomes, and coalescent modeling to reconstruct the demographic history of the bobwhite for comparison to other birds currently in decline (i.e., scarlet macaw; Ara macao. More than 90% of the assembled bobwhite genome was captured within 14,000 unique genes and proteins. Bobwhite analyses of divergence with the chicken and zebra finch genomes revealed many extremely conserved gene sequences, and evidence for lineage-specific divergence of noncoding regions. Coalescent models for reconstructing the demographic history of the bobwhite and the scarlet macaw provided evidence for population bottlenecks which were temporally coincident with human colonization of the New World, the late Pleistocene collapse of the megafauna, and the last glacial maximum. Demographic trends predicted for the bobwhite and the scarlet macaw also were concordant with how opposing natural selection strategies (i.e., skewness in the r-/K-selection continuum would be expected to shape genome diversity and the effective population sizes in these species, which is directly relevant to future conservation efforts.
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Mackie, Roderick I; Rycyk, Mathew; Ruemmler, Rebecca L; Aminov, Rustam I; Wikelski, Martin
2004-01-01
Herbivorous lizards are potentially capable of high digestive efficiency, but the presence of an indigenous microbial population has been implied from measurements of activity rather than directly studied. This study is the first to provide direct biochemical and microbiological evidence for fermentative digestion in free-living land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus) and marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) from the Galapagos archipelago. In marine iguanas, the stomach and large capacious colon contained ca. 32% and 60%, respectively, of the weight of total gut content. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was ca. 150 and 180 mM, respectively, for marine and land iguanas. Molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate (80.3%, 9.5%, and 3.5%) in land iguana fecal samples were similar to those for marine iguanas. Examination of fecal samples using confocal and transmission electron microscopy, as well as cultivable counts, revealed a dense and diverse population of bacteria, with spores prominent. Total culturable counts of anaerobes (2.22x10(8) g(-1) wet weight of fecal material) outnumbered aerobes on average by a factor of ca. 700. Combined, these results strongly support the contention that these unique herbivorous lizards are largely dependent on the presence and metabolic activities of a resident bacterial population in order to hydrolyze and ferment plant polymers that are indigestible to the host.
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Butler, Patrick J; Frappell, Peter B; Wang, Tobias; Wikelski, Martin
2002-07-01
To enable the use of heart rate (fH) for estimating field metabolic rate (FMR) in free-ranging Galapagos marine iguanas Amblyrhynchus cristatus, we determined the relationships between fH and mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (sVO2) in seven iguanas before and during exercise on a treadmill and during the post-exercise period. The experiments were conducted at 27 and 35 degrees C, which are the temperatures that represent the lowest and highest average body temperatures of these animals in the field during summer. There were linear and significant relationships between fH and sVO2 at both temperatures (r(2)=0.86 and 0.91 at 27 degrees C and 36 degrees C, respectively). The slopes of the two regression lines did not differ, but there were significant differences in their intercepts. Thus, while heart rate can be used to predict FMR, the effects of temperature on the intercept of the regression must be taken into account when converting fH to sVO2. On the basis of our data, this can be achieved by applying the following formula: sVO2=0.0113fH-0.2983Q(10)((T(b)-27)/10). The increase in sVO2 with elevated body temperature results from an increase in fH, with no significant change in mass-specific oxygen pulse (sO(2) pulse; cardiac stroke volume times the difference in oxygen content between arterial and mixed venous blood). However, during exercise at both temperatures, increases in fH are insufficient to provide all of the additional O(2) required and there are also significant increases in the sO(2) pulses. This creates the situation whereby the same fH at the two temperatures can represent different values of sVO2.
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Steinfartz, Sebastian; Glaberman, Scott; Lanterbecq, Deborah; Russello, Michael A; Rosa, Sabrina; Hanley, Torrance C; Marquez, Cruz; Snell, Howard L; Snell, Heidi M; Gentile, Gabriele; Dell'Olmo, Giacomo; Powell, Alessandro M; Caccone, Adalgisa
2009-12-22
Marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) inhabit the coastlines of large and small islands throughout the Galápagos archipelago, providing a rich system to study the spatial and temporal factors influencing the phylogeographic distribution and population structure of a species. Here, we analyze the microevolution of marine iguanas using the complete mitochondrial control region (CR) as well as 13 microsatellite loci representing more than 1200 individuals from 13 islands. CR data show that marine iguanas occupy three general clades: one that is widely distributed across the northern archipelago, and likely spread from east to west by way of the South Equatorial current, a second that is found mostly on the older eastern and central islands, and a third that is limited to the younger northern and western islands. Generally, the CR haplotype distribution pattern supports the colonization of the archipelago from the older, eastern islands to the younger, western islands. However, there are also signatures of recurrent, historical gene flow between islands after population establishment. Bayesian cluster analysis of microsatellite genotypes indicates the existence of twenty distinct genetic clusters generally following a one-cluster-per-island pattern. However, two well-differentiated clusters were found on the easternmost island of San Cristóbal, while nine distinct and highly intermixed clusters were found on youngest, westernmost islands of Isabela and Fernandina. High mtDNA and microsatellite genetic diversity were observed for populations on Isabela and Fernandina that may be the result of a recent population expansion and founder events from multiple sources. While a past genetic study based on pure FST analysis suggested that marine iguana populations display high levels of nuclear (but not mitochondrial) gene flow due to male-biased dispersal, the results of our sex-biased dispersal tests and the finding of strong genetic differentiation between islands do
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kelly S Reyna
Full Text Available Global warming is likely to alter reproductive success of ground-nesting birds that lay eggs normally left unattended for days or even weeks before actual parental incubation, especially in already warm climates. The native North American bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus is such a species, and pre-incubation quail eggs may experience temperatures ≥45°C. Yet, almost nothing is known about embryonic survival after such high pre-incubation temperatures. Freshly laid bobwhite quail eggs were exposed during a 12 day pre-incubation period to one of five thermal regimes: low oscillating temperatures (25-40°C, mean = 28.9°C, high oscillating temperatures (30-45°C, mean = 33.9°C, low constant temperatures (28.85°C, high constant temperatures (mean = 33.9°C, or commercially employed pre-incubation temperatures (20°C. After treatment, eggs were then incubated at a standard 37.5°C to determine subsequent effects on embryonic development rate, survival, water loss, hatching, and embryonic oxygen consumption. Both quantity of heating degree hours during pre-incubation and specific thermal regime (oscillating vs. non-oscillating profoundly affected important aspects of embryo survival and indices of development and growth Pre-incubation quail eggs showed a remarkable tolerance to constant high temperatures (up to 45°C, surviving for 4.5±0.3 days of subsequent incubation, but high oscillating pre-incubation temperature increased embryo survival (mean survival 12.2±1.8 days and led to more rapid development than high constant temperature (maximum 38.5°C, even though both groups experienced the same total heating degree-hours. Oxygen consumption was ~200-300 μl O2.egg.min-1 at hatching in all groups, and was not affected by pre-incubation conditions. Oscillating temperatures, which are the norm for pre-incubation quail eggs in their natural habitat, thus enhanced survival at higher temperatures. However, a 5°C increase in pre
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Reyna, Kelly S; Burggren, Warren W
2017-01-01
Global warming is likely to alter reproductive success of ground-nesting birds that lay eggs normally left unattended for days or even weeks before actual parental incubation, especially in already warm climates. The native North American bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is such a species, and pre-incubation quail eggs may experience temperatures ≥45°C. Yet, almost nothing is known about embryonic survival after such high pre-incubation temperatures. Freshly laid bobwhite quail eggs were exposed during a 12 day pre-incubation period to one of five thermal regimes: low oscillating temperatures (25-40°C, mean = 28.9°C), high oscillating temperatures (30-45°C, mean = 33.9°C), low constant temperatures (28.85°C), high constant temperatures (mean = 33.9°C), or commercially employed pre-incubation temperatures (20°C). After treatment, eggs were then incubated at a standard 37.5°C to determine subsequent effects on embryonic development rate, survival, water loss, hatching, and embryonic oxygen consumption. Both quantity of heating degree hours during pre-incubation and specific thermal regime (oscillating vs. non-oscillating) profoundly affected important aspects of embryo survival and indices of development and growth Pre-incubation quail eggs showed a remarkable tolerance to constant high temperatures (up to 45°C), surviving for 4.5±0.3 days of subsequent incubation, but high oscillating pre-incubation temperature increased embryo survival (mean survival 12.2±1.8 days) and led to more rapid development than high constant temperature (maximum 38.5°C), even though both groups experienced the same total heating degree-hours. Oxygen consumption was ~200-300 μl O2.egg.min-1 at hatching in all groups, and was not affected by pre-incubation conditions. Oscillating temperatures, which are the norm for pre-incubation quail eggs in their natural habitat, thus enhanced survival at higher temperatures. However, a 5°C increase in pre-incubation temperature
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Oldeschulte, David L; Halley, Yvette A; Wilson, Miranda L; Bhattarai, Eric K; Brashear, Wesley; Hill, Joshua; Metz, Richard P; Johnson, Charles D; Rollins, Dale; Peterson, Markus J; Bickhart, Derek M; Decker, Jared E; Sewell, John F; Seabury, Christopher M
2017-09-07
Northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ; hereafter bobwhite) and scaled quail ( Callipepla squamata ) populations have suffered precipitous declines across most of their US ranges. Illumina-based first- (v1.0) and second- (v2.0) generation draft genome assemblies for the scaled quail and the bobwhite produced N50 scaffold sizes of 1.035 and 2.042 Mb, thereby producing a 45-fold improvement in contiguity over the existing bobwhite assembly, and ≥90% of the assembled genomes were captured within 1313 and 8990 scaffolds, respectively. The scaled quail assembly (v1.0 = 1.045 Gb) was ∼20% smaller than the bobwhite (v2.0 = 1.254 Gb), which was supported by kmer-based estimates of genome size. Nevertheless, estimates of GC content (41.72%; 42.66%), genome-wide repetitive content (10.40%; 10.43%), and MAKER-predicted protein coding genes (17,131; 17,165) were similar for the scaled quail (v1.0) and bobwhite (v2.0) assemblies, respectively. BUSCO analyses utilizing 3023 single-copy orthologs revealed a high level of assembly completeness for the scaled quail (v1.0; 84.8%) and the bobwhite (v2.0; 82.5%), as verified by comparison with well-established avian genomes. We also detected 273 putative segmental duplications in the scaled quail genome (v1.0), and 711 in the bobwhite genome (v2.0), including some that were shared among both species. Autosomal variant prediction revealed ∼2.48 and 4.17 heterozygous variants per kilobase within the scaled quail (v1.0) and bobwhite (v2.0) genomes, respectively, and estimates of historic effective population size were uniformly higher for the bobwhite across all time points in a coalescent model. However, large-scale declines were predicted for both species beginning ∼15-20 KYA. Copyright © 2017 Oldeschulte et al.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
David L. Oldeschulte
2017-09-01
Full Text Available Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter bobwhite and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata populations have suffered precipitous declines across most of their US ranges. Illumina-based first- (v1.0 and second- (v2.0 generation draft genome assemblies for the scaled quail and the bobwhite produced N50 scaffold sizes of 1.035 and 2.042 Mb, thereby producing a 45-fold improvement in contiguity over the existing bobwhite assembly, and ≥90% of the assembled genomes were captured within 1313 and 8990 scaffolds, respectively. The scaled quail assembly (v1.0 = 1.045 Gb was ∼20% smaller than the bobwhite (v2.0 = 1.254 Gb, which was supported by kmer-based estimates of genome size. Nevertheless, estimates of GC content (41.72%; 42.66%, genome-wide repetitive content (10.40%; 10.43%, and MAKER-predicted protein coding genes (17,131; 17,165 were similar for the scaled quail (v1.0 and bobwhite (v2.0 assemblies, respectively. BUSCO analyses utilizing 3023 single-copy orthologs revealed a high level of assembly completeness for the scaled quail (v1.0; 84.8% and the bobwhite (v2.0; 82.5%, as verified by comparison with well-established avian genomes. We also detected 273 putative segmental duplications in the scaled quail genome (v1.0, and 711 in the bobwhite genome (v2.0, including some that were shared among both species. Autosomal variant prediction revealed ∼2.48 and 4.17 heterozygous variants per kilobase within the scaled quail (v1.0 and bobwhite (v2.0 genomes, respectively, and estimates of historic effective population size were uniformly higher for the bobwhite across all time points in a coalescent model. However, large-scale declines were predicted for both species beginning ∼15–20 KYA.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Snell Howard L
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus inhabit the coastlines of large and small islands throughout the Galápagos archipelago, providing a rich system to study the spatial and temporal factors influencing the phylogeographic distribution and population structure of a species. Here, we analyze the microevolution of marine iguanas using the complete mitochondrial control region (CR as well as 13 microsatellite loci representing more than 1200 individuals from 13 islands. Results CR data show that marine iguanas occupy three general clades: one that is widely distributed across the northern archipelago, and likely spread from east to west by way of the South Equatorial current, a second that is found mostly on the older eastern and central islands, and a third that is limited to the younger northern and western islands. Generally, the CR haplotype distribution pattern supports the colonization of the archipelago from the older, eastern islands to the younger, western islands. However, there are also signatures of recurrent, historical gene flow between islands after population establishment. Bayesian cluster analysis of microsatellite genotypes indicates the existence of twenty distinct genetic clusters generally following a one-cluster-per-island pattern. However, two well-differentiated clusters were found on the easternmost island of San Cristóbal, while nine distinct and highly intermixed clusters were found on youngest, westernmost islands of Isabela and Fernandina. High mtDNA and microsatellite genetic diversity were observed for populations on Isabela and Fernandina that may be the result of a recent population expansion and founder events from multiple sources. Conclusions While a past genetic study based on pure FST analysis suggested that marine iguana populations display high levels of nuclear (but not mitochondrial gene flow due to male-biased dispersal, the results of our sex-biased dispersal tests and the
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Nambirajan, Kanthan; Muralidharan, Subramanian; Manonmani, Subbian; Kirubhanandhini, Venkatachalam; Ganesan, Kitusamy
2018-03-23
Incidences of mortality of Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus, the national bird (Schedule I Indian Wild Life Protection Act 1972), are rampant in India. Between January 2011 and March 2017, around 550 peafowl in 35 incidences were reported dead across the country. Due to the non-availability of fresh carcases, poisoning could not be confirmed. Birds which died due to kite string injuries in Ahmedabad (15) and accidents in Coimbatore (5) were tested for residues of chlorinated pesticides, namely hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), endosulfan, heptachlor, dicofol, dieldrin and cholipyrifos. The liver, kidney and muscle were the tissues considered to document pesticide load. Total load ranged from BDL to 388.2 ng/g. DDT (95%) and HCH (80%) were detected more frequently. DDT (40%) and endosulfan (26%) contributed maximum to the total pesticide load followed by HCH (21%). Pesticide accumulation pattern among the organs was in the order of liver (123.9 ng/g) > kidney (91.9 ng/g) > muscle (19.5 ng/g) with significant difference (p pesticide (149.0 ng/g) than birds from Coimbatore (47.8 ng/g). Although varying levels of chlorinated pesticide were detected, they were below reported toxic limits. Nevertheless, persistence of chlorinated pesticides and poisoning due to modern pesticides across the entire distribution range of Peafowl in India is a cause for concern.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
José Cola Zanuncio
2005-05-01
Full Text Available Species of Scolytidae and Platypodidae were evaluated in a plantation using a clone of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Wood disks with galleries were taken from 15 eucalyptus trees between 0.5 and 1.5 m height. After collection, all trees attacked were burned. Woodborers obtained from these disks were identified as Premnobius cavipennis, Premnobius ambitiosus, Dryocoetoides cristatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Euplatypus parallelus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae. This is the first report of D. cristatus, a Brazilian native species, damaging eucalyptus, which shows its adaptation to this plant.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ataque de Scolytidae e Platypodidae em talhão de clone Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla na região de Montes Claros, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Discos de madeira com galerias desses insetos foram retirados de 15 árvores de eucalipto entre 0,5 e 1,5 m de altura. Após a coleta deste material, as árvores atacadas foram queimadas. Os indivíduos da ordem Coleoptera obtidos desses discos foram identificados como Premnobius cavipennis, Premnobius ambitiosus e Dryocoetoides cristatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae e Euplatypus parallelus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae. O ataque de D. cristatus, espécie nativa do Brasil, ao eucalipto ainda não havia sido relatado, o que mostra sua adaptação a essa planta.
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Notas a la gaviota libertada en el campo, 31 de enero de 1951
Valverde Gómez, José Antonio, 1926-2003
2008-01-01
Notas a la Gaviota reidora (Larus ridibundus) libertada en el campo, cerca del Puente Colgante de Valladolid, el 31 de enero de 1951. Incluye observaciones de patos domésticos y Pavos reales (Pavo cristatus), y un pequeño esquema del enclave observado. Notes to the Common Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) released in the field, near the Puente Colgante of Valladolid, the 31st of January of 1951. Observations of domestic ducks and Indian Peafowls (Pavo cristatus) and a little map of the ...
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Christensen, B M; Barnes, H J; Rowley, W A
1983-07-01
Vertebrate host specificity, experimental laboratory vectors, and a description of Plasmodium (Novyella) kempi sp. n. from eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot) in Iowa are presented. Plasmodium kempi is infective for domestic turkeys, bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), chukars (Alectoris graeca), guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), peacocks (Pavo cristatus), and canaries (Serinus canaria), produces a transient infection in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and domestic geese (Anser anser), but will not infect ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), pigeons (Columba livia), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix), leghorn white chickens (Gallus gallus), or starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Oocysts and (or) sporozoites were recovered from 68% (84/124) and 98% (60/61) of the Culex pipiens pipiens and C. tarsalis examined, respectively. Oocysts developed faster and sporozoites invaded the salivary glands sooner in C. tarsalis (6 days) than in C. p. pipiens (7 days). Culex tarsalis transmitted P. kempi more effectively than C. p. pipiens, although both species were capable of transmitting the parasite by natural feeding. Oocysts developed and sporozoites also were produced in C. restuans, but its ability to transmit the parasite was not determined. Aedes aegypti (Rockefeller strain) and A. triseriatus were refractive to P. kempi. Plasmodium kempi produces trophozoites with large refractile globules and fine cytoplasmic extensions, mature schizonts in the form of a condensed fan containing four to eight nuclei (usually 5), and elongate gametocytes with irregular borders. All stages are confined almost exclusively to mature erythrocytes, with no effect on host cell size or position of host cell nucleus. Plasmodium kempi is most similar morphologically to P. (Novyella) hexamerium and P. (Novyella) vaughani. It differs from P. hexamerium in having large refractile globules in trophozoites and immature schizonts, an inability to infect starlings, an absence of
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Bertram, Douglas F.; Mackas, David L.; Welch, David W.; Boyd, W. Sean; Ryder, John L.; Galbraith, Moira; Hedd, April; Morgan, Ken; O'Hara, Patrick D.
2017-11-01
To investigate the causal basis for patterns of seabird foraging distributions during breeding we integrated data from ship-board seabird and zooplankton surveys, aerial radio telemetry, and colony-based research programs. We examined the marine distributions of Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) breeding on Triangle Island, in the Northeast Pacific off the coast of B.C., Canada using surveys conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Concurrently, we sampled zooplankton at 16 stations along a cross shelf transect in the vicinity of Triangle Island. In 1999 and 2000, when populations of the preferred copepod prey Neocalanus cristatus were available at deep-water stations (1000-2000 m), the majority of the auklets were concentrated SW of the colony 40-75 km offshore and parallel to, but 35 -50 km beyond the shelf break in deep water (1200-2000 m). Birds did not fly farther out to sea to where prey was five times more abundant when N. cristatus could be found at lower abundance levels, closer to the colony. In 2001, N. cristatus were virtually absent at the deep-water stations, likely as a result of massive salp (family Salpidae) aggregations which may have consumed and displaced the seabirds' preferred prey. We demonstrate that while birds were still able to locate and provision chicks with N. cristatus in 2001, they had to forage farther away from the colony in order to do so. Our telemetry results are generally consistent with analyses of at-sea distributions of Cassin's Auklets derived from ship-board surveys (1990-2010) both of which have contributed to the design of the proposed Scott Islands marine National Wildlife Area, the first of its kind in Canada.
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Limited information is available regarding the digestibility or germination of seed after the passage through the digestive system of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), especially of plants associated with the sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia)-mixed prairie community. Thus, our objectives...
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Manejo de conductos radiculares con curvatura marcada
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jorge Mario Nuñez Duran
2013-10-01
Full Text Available Las variaciones anatómicas en dientes con conductos que poseen dilaceraciones hacen del tratamiento de endodonciaun reto o una complicación relativa, en donde el clínico debe desarrollar toda su habilidad y el uso de instrumentosespeciales que faciliten u optimicen la terapia de conductos radiculares. La toma de radiografías previas con diferentesangulaciones y el estudio minucioso de ellas, darán una ayuda fundamental para conocer más detalladamente estacomplicación anatómica, que en algunos casos es muy frecuente. El uso de instrumental más flexible y resistentepermite llegar con mayor precisión y seguridad a la parte apical sin que se corra el riesgo de fracturar los instrumentos,limpiándolos y modelándolos en toda su extensión para poder obturarlos de una manera correcta.El uso de limas de menor calibre, precurvadas, permite acceder a la porción dilacerada de la raíz. Este es un métodoeficaz para prevenir la perdida de longitud de trabajo y evitar así las perforaciones de las raíces durante la preparación.Dentro de los errores más comunes durante la instrumentación de los conductos está la perdida de longitud detrabajo, junto con la transportación del foramen apical, ya sea de manera externa o interna. En el presente artículose menciona el uso de nuevas y mejores técnicas usadas para poder evitar este tipo de errores y se muestra un casoclínico del manejo de un molar superior con una curvatura de 40 grados que fue preparado y obturado exitosamentecon el sistema Protaper (Dentsply- maillefer.
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ASPEK ZOONOTIK PARASIT NEMATODA PADA KERA DAN BINATANG MENGERAT DI BENGKULU, SUMATERA. INDONESIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Untung S.
2012-09-01
Full Text Available Twentyfive monkeys and 481 rats were examined for parasitic nematodes in Bengkulu, nine species of nematode were found infecting these animals. Five of filarían nematodes, i.e. Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi, Dirofilaria magnilarvatum and Edesonfilaria malayensis were infecting monkeys and one speciesTBreinlia booliati, was found infecting rats. Three species of gastrointestinal helminths, i.e. Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis and Oestophagomomum spp were found in monkeys; a lung worm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, was found in rats. The most important nematode species is B. malayi, which was found in Presbytis cristatus (36.8 % and in Macaca fascicularis (20.0 %. T. trichiura was found in R. cristatus (47.9 % and A. cantonensis in Rattus argentiventer (4.0 % and Rattus tiomanicus (2.9%.
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CONCOMITANT HELMINTHIC AND ENTERO-PROTOZOAL INFESTATION IN INDIAN PEAFOWL
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
B. Dutta
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Concomitant infestation of Ascaridia spp. along with Raillietina spp. and Emeria spp. has been identified in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus of Ramnabagan Mini Zoo, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
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Winter food habits and preferences of northern bobwhites in east Texas
Donald R. Dietz; R. Montague Whiting; Nancy E. Koerth
2009-01-01
During late winter, 1994 and 1995, we investigated food habits and preferences of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhites) collected on forested lands in east Texas. Crops for bobwhites were collected from areas under 3 management regimes, namely intensively managed for bobwhites (QMA) (i.e., tree basal area reduced...
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Keratin homogeneity in the tail feathers of Pavo cristatus and Pavo cristatus mut. alba
Pabisch, S.; Puchegger, S.; Kirchner, H.O.K.; Weiss, I.M.; Peterlik, H.
2010-01-01
The keratin structure in the cortex of peacocks? feathers is studied by X-ray diffraction along the feather, from the calamus to the tip. It changes considerably over the first 5?cm close to the calamus and remains constant for about 1?m along the length of the feather. Close to the tip, the structure loses its high degree of order. We attribute the X-ray patterns to a shrinkage of a cylindrical arrangement of ?-sheets, which is not fully formed initially. In the final structure, the crystall...
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Keratin homogeneity in the tail feathers of Pavo cristatus and Pavo cristatus mut. alba.
Pabisch, S; Puchegger, S; Kirchner, H O K; Weiss, I M; Peterlik, H
2010-12-01
The keratin structure in the cortex of peacocks' feathers is studied by X-ray diffraction along the feather, from the calamus to the tip. It changes considerably over the first 5 cm close to the calamus and remains constant for about 1m along the length of the feather. Close to the tip, the structure loses its high degree of order. We attribute the X-ray patterns to a shrinkage of a cylindrical arrangement of β-sheets, which is not fully formed initially. In the final structure, the crystalline beta-cores are fixed by the rest of the keratin molecule. The hydrophobic residues of the beta-core are locked into a zip-like arrangement. Structurally there is no difference between the blue and the white bird. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Proteles cristatus in South Africa
African Journals Online (AJOL)
1976-09-25
Sep 25, 1976 ... important food item in the diet of the aardwolf. Trinervitermes was found to be the most important genus of termite in the faeces from six of the seven localities, whilst other genera of termites, ants, other insects and millipedes mostly occurred as traces in the faeces .. No vertebrate remains or traces of carrion.
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Milasowszky, Norbert; Bauder, Julia; Hepner, Martin
2017-05-16
The erigonine cladistic analyses of Hormiga (2000) and Miller & Hormiga (2004) demonstrated unambiguous support for a sister-taxon relationship between the genera Diplocephalus and Savignia. These genera, in addition to others, are commonly placed in the Savignia-group. Although the Savignia-group is not monophyletic as it was originally circumscribed by Millidge (1977), it contains a monophyletic core of genera that has been supported in various cladistic analyses, starting with Hormiga (2000). According to the most recent phylogenetic study (Frick et al. 2010), a clade within the Savignia-group included Diplocephalus along with Araeoncus, Dicymbium, Erigonella, Glyphesis and Savignia. Frick et al. (2010) included three Diplocephalus species - cristatus, latifrons and picinus - in their cladistic analyses. While D. latifrons and D. picinus were found to be the most basal species of the Savignia-group, D. cristatus was the most distal one.
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2009-01-01
e.g., foraging or reproduction behavior). Measurement of the IHD. The purpose of the IHD is to establish a gradient of human disturbance that may...sparverius Resident Insectivore Ground Hawk PIF 2A Non-Dependent Native Cavity Domestic Peacock Pavo cristatus Resident Granivore Ground Captive
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Note on the smaller mammals of the Hester Malan Nature Reserve ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
ORDER CARNIVORA. FAMILY PROTELIDAE. Prote/es cristatus. Aardwolf/ Maanhaarjakkals. This species is rarely seen because of its nocturnal habits. Their middens were located in an area of about 100 ha in the Reserve. Their meat is regarded as a delicacy by people in surrounding areas which probably limits numbers.
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Notes on Movement by the Black-Backed Jackal and the Aardwolf in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This information was sought to try and establish the potential range of the jackal before any attempts are made to develop more sophisticated tracking devices such as telemetry. During the preliminary study some aardwolves Proteles cristatus were caught and a few of these animals yielded incidental information on ...
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Teng, Jade L L; Huang, Yi; Tse, Herman; Chen, Jonathan H K; Tang, Ying; Lau, Susanna K P; Woo, Patrick C Y
2014-10-20
Streptococcus sinensis is a recently discovered human pathogen isolated from blood cultures of patients with infective endocarditis. Its phylogenetic position, as well as those of its closely related species, remains inconclusive when single genes were used for phylogenetic analysis. For example, S. sinensis branched out from members of the anginosus, mitis, and sanguinis groups in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene phylogenetic tree, but it was clustered with members of the anginosus and sanguinis groups when groEL gene sequences used for analysis. In this study, we sequenced the draft genome of S. sinensis and used a polyphasic approach, including concatenated genes, whole genomes, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to analyze the phylogeny of S. sinensis. The size of the S. sinensis draft genome is 2.06 Mb, with GC content of 42.2%. Phylogenetic analysis using 50 concatenated genes or whole genomes revealed that S. sinensis formed a distinct cluster with Streptococcus oligofermentans and Streptococcus cristatus, and these three streptococci were clustered with the "sanguinis group." As for phylogenetic analysis using hierarchical cluster analysis of the mass spectra of streptococci, S. sinensis also formed a distinct cluster with S. oligofermentans and S. cristatus, but these three streptococci were clustered with the "mitis group." On the basis of the findings, we propose a novel group, named "sinensis group," to include S. sinensis, S. oligofermentans, and S. cristatus, in the Streptococcus genus. Our study also illustrates the power of phylogenomic analyses for resolving ambiguities in bacterial taxonomy. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
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Fatal Syngamus trachea Infection in a Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
in a Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus) ZooPrint Journal 18(9):1204. TARELLO, W. (2008). Efficacy of ivermectins against intestinal capillariosis in falcons Parasite 15(2):. 171-174. WELTE, S.C. and KIRKPATRICK, C.E.. (1986) Syngamiasis injuvenile American robins (Turdus migratorius) with a note on prevalence of other faecal ...
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Biosorption of Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions Using A local ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Cadmium (Cd) (II) resistant strain of a marine fungus, named Aspergillus cristatus was isolated from heavy metals polluted area in the Mediterranean Sea, Alexandria, Egypt during autumn, 2009. It could tolerate up to 100 mg l–1. Optimization of culture conditions for production of fungal biomass fortifying maximum Cd (II) ...
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1975-01-01
heterophylla), and black willow (Salix nigra), with swamp white oak ( Quercus bicolor) and pin oak (p. valustri3) also important. Skorepa and Ozment (1968...of its original prairie habitat has seen destroyed. GREAT PLAINS RAT SNAKE Elaphe guttata emoryi (Baird and Girard) (Ill. -Rare) The Great Plains Rat...forficatus 119 F Clemmys guttata 41, 117 Elaphe guttata emoryi 49, 118 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus 43, 44, 117 Elassoma zonatum. 27, 114 Colinus virginianus
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Jensen, Anders; Scholz, Christian F P; Kilian, Mogens
2016-11-01
The Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus currently comprises 20 species with validly published names, including the pathogen S. pneumoniae. They have been the subject of much taxonomic confusion, due to phenotypic overlap and genetic heterogeneity, which has hampered a full appreciation of their clinical significance. The purpose of this study was to critically re-examine the taxonomy of the Mitis group using 195 publicly available genomes, including designated type strains for phylogenetic analyses based on core genomes, multilocus sequences and 16S rRNA gene sequences, combined with estimates of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico and in vitro analyses of specific phenotypic characteristics. Our core genomic phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct clades that, to some extent, and from the clustering of type strains represent known species. However, many of the genomes have been incorrectly identified adding to the current confusion. Furthermore, our data show that 16S rRNA gene sequences and ANI are unsuitable for identifying and circumscribing new species of the Mitis group of the genus Streptococci. Based on the clustering patterns resulting from core genome phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that S. oligofermentans is a later synonym of S. cristatus. The recently described strains of the species Streptococcus dentisani includes one previously referred to as 'S. mitis biovar 2'. Together with S. oralis, S. dentisani and S. tigurinus form subclusters within a coherent phylogenetic clade. We propose that the species S. oralis consists of three subspecies: S. oralis subsp. oralis subsp. nov., S. oralis subsp. tigurinus comb. nov., and S. oralis subsp. dentisani comb. nov.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sidney Moraes de Vasconcellos
Full Text Available Realizamos a revisão dos gêneros Prionolopha Stål, 1873 e Securigera Bolívar, 1909, baseada no exame da morfologia externa de machos e fêmeas, espermateca e complexo fálico. Consideramos Prionolopha daguerrei Liebermann, 1935 e P. evoneoi Piza, 1981 sinônimos de P. serrata (Linnaeus, 1758. Transferimos Alcamenes cristatus Bruner, 1906 para o gênero Securigera Bolívar, 1909. Incluímos figuras de cada espécie e o mapa de distribuição geográfica.A revision of the genera Prionolopha Stål, 1873 and Securigera Bolívar, 1909 based on the examination of the external morphology of male and female and the spermathecae and phallic complex is given. Prionolopha daguerrei Liebermann, 1935 and P. evoneoi Piza, 1981 are considered synonyms of P. serrata (Linnaeus, 1758. Alcamenes cristatus Bruner, 1906 is transfered to genus Securigera Bolívar, 1909. Illustrations of each species and a map of the geographical distribution are also included.
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Serafin, J.A.
1982-01-01
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of oxytetracycline-supplemented diets on mortality of young endangered masked bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi). Inclusion of oxytetracycline at 200 g per ton in the feed for 6 weeks resulted in a marked, significant reduction in mortality of young masked bobwhite quail raised in captivity. Including the antibiotic in feed during the first week of life reduced mortality as effectively as feeding it for a longer period.
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Weiss, Ingrid M; Schmitt, Karl P; Kirchner, Helmut O K
2011-06-01
Thermal activation analysis of plastic deformation of peacock tail feathers, by temperature changes and stress relaxation, gave for the keratin cortex an activation enthalpy of 1.78 ± 0.89 eV and an activation volume of 0.83 ± 0.13 nm³, for both the blue and the white subspecies. These values suggest that breaking of electrostatic bonds is responsible for plasticity in feather keratin. These might be bonds between keratin and nonkeratinous matrix or keratin-keratin cross-links. The mechanical properties of the rachis cortex are surprisingly uniform along the length of the feathers. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alejandro Ibáñez
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Background Chemical signals are widely used in the animal kingdom, enabling communication in various social contexts, including mate selection and the establishment of dominance. Femoral glands, which produce and release waxy secretions into the environment, are organs of central importance in lizard chemical communication. The Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus is a squamate reptile with a lek-mating system. Although the lekking behaviour of marine iguanas has been well-studied, their potential for sexual communication via chemical cues has not yet been investigated. Here we describe the diversity of the lipophilic fraction of males’ femoral gland secretions among 11 island populations of marine iguanas, and compare it with the composition of its sister species, the Galápagos land iguana (Conolophus subcristatus. We also conducted behavioural observations in marine iguana territorial males in order to explore the possible function of these substances in the context of male dominance in leks. Methods Femoral secretions were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS, and chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID in order to characterise the lipophilic composition. To understand the potential role of femoral secretions in marine iguana intraspecific communication, territorial males were sampled for their femoral glands and monitored to record their head bob rate—a territorial display behaviour in males—as well as the number of females present in their leks. Results We found that the gland secretions were composed of ten saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids ranging in chain length between C16 and C24, as well as three sterols. Cholesterol was the main compound found. Intriguingly, land iguanas have a higher diversity of lipophilic compounds, with structural group of lipids (i.e. aldehydes entirely absent in marine iguanas; overall the chemical signals of both species were strongly
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Ibáñez, Alejandro; Menke, Markus; Quezada, Galo; Jiménez-Uzcátegui, Gustavo; Schulz, Stefan; Steinfartz, Sebastian
2017-01-01
Chemical signals are widely used in the animal kingdom, enabling communication in various social contexts, including mate selection and the establishment of dominance. Femoral glands, which produce and release waxy secretions into the environment, are organs of central importance in lizard chemical communication. The Galápagos marine iguana ( Amblyrhynchus cristatus ) is a squamate reptile with a lek-mating system. Although the lekking behaviour of marine iguanas has been well-studied, their potential for sexual communication via chemical cues has not yet been investigated. Here we describe the diversity of the lipophilic fraction of males' femoral gland secretions among 11 island populations of marine iguanas, and compare it with the composition of its sister species, the Galápagos land iguana ( Conolophus subcristatus ). We also conducted behavioural observations in marine iguana territorial males in order to explore the possible function of these substances in the context of male dominance in leks. Femoral secretions were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) in order to characterise the lipophilic composition. To understand the potential role of femoral secretions in marine iguana intraspecific communication, territorial males were sampled for their femoral glands and monitored to record their head bob rate-a territorial display behaviour in males-as well as the number of females present in their leks. We found that the gland secretions were composed of ten saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids ranging in chain length between C 16 and C 24 , as well as three sterols. Cholesterol was the main compound found. Intriguingly, land iguanas have a higher diversity of lipophilic compounds, with structural group of lipids (i.e. aldehydes) entirely absent in marine iguanas; overall the chemical signals of both species were strongly differentiated. Lipid profiles also
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Marcos Bettini Pitombo
2008-02-01
Full Text Available PURPOSE: To asses the dissemination of bacteria labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc from peritoneal cavity after different surgical procedures. METHODS: Bacteria of the Escherichia coli species labeled with 99mTc were used in a concentration of 10(8 units of colony-makers for ml (UFC/ml and 1ml was inoculated through intra-peritoneal via. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups: control, laparotomy, pneumoperitoneum with 10mmHg and pneumoperitoneum with 20mmHg of CO2. Procedures were performed 20 min after injection of the inoculum and lasted 30 min. Animals were sacrificed after six hours (Group 1 and 24 hours (Group 2. Samples of blood, liver and spleen were collected for radioactivity counting. RESULTS: After six hours, indirect detection of the bacteria in different organs was uniform in all groups. After 24 hours, a larger detection of technetium was observed in the livers of animals of the group insufflated with 20mmHg of CO2, when compared with those of control group (pOBJETIVO: Avaliar a disseminação de bactérias marcadas com tecnécio-99m (99mTc a partir da cavidade peritoneal após diferentes procedimentos cirúrgicos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas bactérias da espécie Escherichia coli marcadas com 99mTc em uma concentração de10(8 unidades formadoras de colônia por ml (UFC/ml sendo inoculado 1ml por via intra-peritoneal. Quarenta e oito ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle, laparotomia, pneumoperitôneo com 10 mmHg e pneumoperitôneo com 20 mmHg de CO2. Os procedimentos foram realizados 20 minutos após a injeção do inóculo e duraram 30 minutos. Os animais foram sacrificados após seis horas (grupo 1 e 24 horas (grupo 2. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, fígado e baço para contagem radioativa. RESULTADOS: Após seis horas, a detecção indireta das bactérias nos diferentes órgãos foi uniforme em todos os grupos. Após 24 horas, observou-se uma maior detecção de tecnécio nos fígados dos animais do
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Intestinal protozoan parasites with zoonotic potential in birds.
Marietto-Gonçalves, G A; Fernandes, T M; Silva, R J; Lopes, R S; Andreatti Filho, R L
2008-10-01
The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of potentially zoonotic intestinal protozoan infections in exotic and wildlife Brazilian birds. Fecal samples from 207 birds of 45 species were examined. Infections by Balantidium sp., Entamoeba sp., and Blastocystis sp. were observed in 17 individuals (8.2%) of Gnorimopsar chopi, Oryzoborus angolensis, Sporophila caerulescens, Ramphastos toco, Aratinga leucophtalmus, and Pavo cristatus.
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Weiss, Ingrid M; Kirchner, Helmut O K
2010-12-01
The feathers in the train of the peacock serve not for flying but for sexual display. They are long, slender beams loaded in bending by their own weight. An outer circular conical shell, the cortex, is filled by a closed foam of 7.6% relative density, the medulla, both of feather keratin. Outer diameter and thickness of the cortex decrease linearly from the body toward the tip. This self-similar geometry leads to a division of labor. The cortex (longitudinal Young's modulus 3.3 GPa, transverse modulus 1 GPa) provides 96% of the longitudinal strength and bending rigidity of the feather. The medulla (Young's modulus 10 MPa) provides 96% of the transverse compressive rigidity. Fracture stress of the cortex, both longitudinal and transverse, is 120 MPa. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company.
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Akani, G. C.; Ogbalu, O. K.; Luiselli, L.
2001-01-01
Five species of chameleons were observed in the continuous forest zone of southern Nigeria: Chamaeleo gracilis gracilis Hallowell, 1842, Chamaeleo owenii Gray, 1831, Chamaeleo cristatus Stutchbury, 1837, Chamaeleo wiedersheimi Nieden, 1910, and Rhampholeon spectrum (Bucholz 1874). Many original locality records are presented for each species. One species is apparently rare and confined to montane habitats (C. wiedersheimi), another species is relatively common and its habitat is generalist (C...
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Serafin, J.A.
1982-01-01
A study was conducted to examine the protein requirement of young endangered masked Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi). Five practical starting rations containing 24 to 32% protein were fed alone and supplemented with methionine for 5 weeks. Supplemental methionine significantly improved growth of quail fed diets containing 24 and 26% protein. Increasing the protein level improved growth of quail fed unsupplemented diets but did not do so when diets contained supplemental methionine. A methionine-supplemented ration containing 24% protein appeared adequate for supporting rapid growth of masked Bobwhite quail.
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Safety of fenbendazole in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus).
Umar, Sajid; Abbas, Seema; Khan, Muhammad Irfan; Nisa, Qamarun; Younus, Muhammad; Aqil, Kiran; Qayyum, Rizwan; Yaqoob, Muhammad; Ali, Asif; Yaseen, Muhammad Asif; Shah, Muhammad Ali
2018-01-01
The present study was undertaken to find out the safety levels of fenbendazole in common peafowl. This bird, raised on aviaries and zoos, can be severely parasitized with Ascaridia galli (enteric worms) and Syngamus trachea (gapeworm) along with other parasitic worms. Fenbendazole is a highly effective benzimidazole-class anthelmintic in animals. The objective of this work was to provide target animal safety data in young peafowl and to demonstrate reproductive safety in adult birds. During the experimental study, diets containing fenbendazole at 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm were fed for 21 days (three times the normal treatment duration). Data for feed consumption, feed conversion rate, and body weights were recorded for each bird in each group. Drug concentrations in different tissues of birds were determined to correlate concentrations with clinical observations, clinical pathology, and histologic findings. There were no morbidities or mortalities after study day 21. Additionally, there were no statistically significant treatment-related differences among above mentioned parameters. Analysis of fenbendazole concentrations in kidney, liver, leg/thigh, and breast muscle and skin with associated fat revealed that, even at the highest dose level used and with no feed withdrawal, fenbendazole concentrations were relatively low in these tissues. These findings indicate that fenbendazole has a relatively wide margin of safety in young peafowl and that the proposed dose of 100 ppm in the feed for 7 consecutive days is well within the margin of safety. In the reproductive safety study, five breeder peafowl farms fed fendbendazole at 100ppm for 7 days and collected data on hatching percentage of peahen eggs before and after treatment. Reproductive performance in peahen was not adversely affected.
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Oral lead bullet fragment exposure in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).
Kerr, Richard; Holladay, Jeremy; Holladay, Steven; Tannenbaum, Lawrence; Selcer, Barbara; Meldrum, Blair; Williams, Susan; Jarrett, Timothy; Gogal, Robert
2011-11-01
Lead (Pb) is a worldwide environmental contaminant known to adversely affect multiple organ systems in both mammalian and avian species. In birds, a common route of exposure is via oral ingestion of lead particles. Data are currently lacking for the retention and clearance of Pb bullet fragments in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of birds while linking toxicity with blood Pb levels. In the present study, northern bobwhite quail fed a seed-based diet were orally gavaged with Pb bullet fragments (zero, one or five fragments/bird) and evaluated for rate of fragment clearance, and changes in peripheral blood, renal, immune, and gastrointestinal parameters. Based on radiographs, the majority of the birds cleared or absorbed the fragments by seven days, with the exception of one five-fragment bird which took between 7 and 14 days. Blood Pb levels were higher in males than females, which may be related to egg production in females. In males but not females, feed consumption, body weight gain, packed cell volume (PCV), plasma protein concentration, and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity were all adversely affected by five Pb fragments. Birds of both sexes that received a single Pb fragment displayed depressed δ-ALAD, suggesting altered hematologic function, while all birds dosed with five bullet fragments exhibited greater morbidity.
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Noise pollution has limited effects on nocturnal vigilance in peahens
Yorzinski, Jessica L.; Hermann, Fredrick S.
2016-01-01
Natural environments are increasingly exposed to high levels of noise pollution. Noise pollution can alter the behavior of animals but we know little about its effects on antipredator behavior. We therefore investigated the impact of noise pollution on vigilance behavior and roost selection in an avian species, peafowl (Pavo cristatus), that inhabits urban environments. Captive peahens were exposed to noise pollution at night and their vigilance levels and roost selections were monitored. The...
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Cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans isolated from droppings of captive birds in Nigeria.
Irokanulo, E O; Makinde, A A; Akuesgi, C O; Ekwonu, M
1997-04-01
The yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans, was found in apparently healthy birds at the Jos Wildlife Park and Zoo in Jos, Nigeria. Cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans was isolated from feces of four captive bird species. Five isolates belonged to serotype A while two were serotype D. Serotype A of C. neoformans was isolated from a white face duck (Dendrocygna viduata), eagle owl (Bubo africanus cinerascene) and peacock (Pavo cristatus). The other two (serotype D), were isolated from a spotted eagle owl.
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Skin swabs with FTA® cards as a dry storage source for amphibian DNA
Ward, A; Hide, G; Jehle, R
2018-01-01
Amphibians are the most endangered group of vertebrates, and conservation measures increasingly rely on information drawn from genetic markers. The present study explores skin swabs with Whatman FTA® cards as a method to retrieve PCR-amplifiable amphibian DNA. Swabs from ten adult great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) were used to compare FTA® card-based protocols with tissue sampling based on toe clips. PCR success rates were measured for seven microsatellite markers and one mtDNA marker ...
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Thermoregulatory postures limit antipredator responses in peafowl
Jessica L. Yorzinski; Jennifer Lam; Rachel Schultz; Melissa Davis
2018-01-01
Many animals inhabit environments where they experience temperature fluctuations. One way in which animals can adjust to these temperature changes is through behavioral thermoregulation. However, we know little about the thermal benefits of postural changes and the costs they may incur. In this study, we examined the thermoregulatory role of two postures, the head-tuck and leg-tuck posture, in peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and evaluated whether the head-tuck posture imposes a predation cost. The h...
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Similar local and landscape processes affect both a common and a rare newt species.
Denoël, Mathieu; Perez, Amélie; Cornet, Yves; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco
2013-01-01
Although rare species are often the focus of conservation measures, more common species may experience similar decline and suffer from the same threatening processes. We tested this hypothesis by examining, through an information-theoretic approach, the importance of ecological processes at multiple scales in the great crested newt Triturus cristatus, regionally endangered and protected in Europe, and the more common smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris. Both species were similarly affected by the same processes, i.e. suitability of aquatic and terrestrial components of their habitat at different scales, connectivity among breeding sites, and the presence of introduced fish. T. cristatus depended more on water depth and aquatic vegetation than L. vulgaris. The results show that environmental pressures threaten both common and rare species, and therefore the more widespread species should not be neglected in conservation programs. Because environmental trends are leading to a deterioration of aquatic and terrestrial habitat features required by newt populations, populations of the common species may follow the fate of the rarest species. This could have substantial conservation implications because of the numerical importance of common species in ecosystems and because commonness could be a transient state moving towards rarity. On the other hand, in agreement with the umbrella species concept, targeting conservation efforts on the most demanding species would also protect part of the populations of the most common species.
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[Susceptibility of birds other than chickens to infectious laryngotracheitis].
Hilbink, F W
1985-06-01
Susceptibility to infectious laryngotracheitis virus was studied in peafowl (Pavo cristatus), various species of pheasant (Phasianus colchicus, Lophura swinhoeii, Lophophorus impejanus), guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris), canaries (Serinus canaria), budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnic japonica). Apart from clinical observations, experiments were evaluated in terms of histopathology, immunofluorescence, serology and recovery of virus. Only peafowl and pheasants were found to be susceptible, pheasants responding more strongly than chickens to ocular vaccination and intratracheal inoculation. The other species were found to be refractory.
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New records of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from domestic and ornamental birds from Chile
González-Acuña, D; Lara, J; Cicchino, A
2009-01-01
Por medio del examen del plumaje de aves domésticas y ornamentales en Chile se reconfirma la presencia de los phthiraptera Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae y Menacanthus stramineus en la gallina doméstica, Gallus gallus domesticus y se registra además por primera vez en el país la especie Menacanthus pallidulus. En aves ornamentales se registran en pavo, Meleagris gallipavo, la especie M. stramineus, en pavo real, Pavo cristatus las especies Goniodes pavonis y Amrysidea m...
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D González-Acuña; J Lara; A Cicchino
2009-01-01
Por medio del examen del plumaje de aves domésticas y ornamentales en Chile se reconfirma la presencia de los phthiraptera Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae y Menacanthus stramineus en la gallina doméstica, Gallus gallus domesticus y se registra además por primera vez en el país la especie Menacanthus pallidulus. En aves ornamentales se registran en pavo, Meleagris gallipavo, la especie M. stramineus, en pavo real, Pavo cristatus las especies Goniodes pavonis y Amrysidea m...
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Gipuzkoan hegazti habigile batzuen lehen aipamenak eta beste aipamen interesgarri batzuk
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OLANO, M., VAZQUEZ, J., AIERBE, T.
1998-01-01
Full Text Available Como resultado del trabajo de campo realizado estos últimos años, se da cuenta por primera vez de la presencia como aves nidificantes en Gipuzkoa de Fulica atra, Policeps cristatus, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Riparia riparia, Falco subbuteo, Asio otus, Aquila chysaëtos, Circaetus Gallicus y Drycopus martius. Además, se recogen datos de unas cuantas especies muy poco conocidas en esta provincia : Accipiter gentilis, Hieraëtus pennatus, Milvus migrans, Bubo bubo, Motacilla flava, Monticola solitarius and Certthia familiaris.
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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Eimeria innocua (Eimeriidae, Coccidia, Apicomplexa).
Hafeez, Mian Abdul; Vrba, Vladimir; Barta, John Robert
2016-07-01
The complete mitochondrial genome of Eimeria innocua KR strain (Eimeriidae, Coccidia, Apicomplexa) was sequenced. This coccidium infects turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), Bobwhite quails (Colinus virginianus), and Grey partridges (Perdix perdix). Genome organization and gene contents were comparable with other Eimeria spp. infecting galliform birds. The circular-mapping mt genome of E. innocua is 6247 bp in length with three protein-coding genes (cox1, cox3, and cytb), 19 gene fragments encoding large subunit (LSU) rRNA and 14 gene fragments encoding small subunit (SSU) rRNA. Like other Apicomplexa, no tRNA was encoded. The mitochondrial genome of E. innocua confirms its close phylogenetic affinities to Eimeria dispersa.
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Akani, G. C.
2001-12-01
Full Text Available Five species of chameleons were observed in the continuous forest zone of southern Nigeria: Chamaeleo gracilis gracilis Hallowell, 1842, Chamaeleo owenii Gray, 1831, Chamaeleo cristatus Stutchbury, 1837, Chamaeleo wiedersheimi Nieden, 1910, and Rhampholeon spectrum (Bucholz 1874. Many original locality records are presented for each species. One species is apparently rare and confined to montane habitats (C. wiedersheimi, another species is relatively common and its habitat is generalist (C. gracilis, and the other three species are vulnerable and limited to specific micro-habitats. Female R. spectrum had clutch sizes of two eggs each and exhibited a prolonged reproductive season with oviposition likely occurring during the late phase of the dry season. Females of both C. cristatus (clutch sizes: 11-14 eggs and C. owenii (clutch sizes: 15-19 eggs have a shorter reproductive season with oviposition occurring most probably at the interphase between the end of the wet season and the onset of the dry season, and female C. gracilis (clutch sizes: 14-23 eggs appeared to exhibit two distinct oviposition periods (one at the interphase between the end of the wet season and the onset of the dry season, and one at the peak phase of the dry season. Diets of four sympatric species of chameleons consisted almost exclusively of arthropods. There were significant inter-group differences at either intra-specific level (with the females of the two best studied species, i.e. R. spectrum and C. gracilis, having a wider food niche breadth than males or inter-specific level (with a continuum of dietary specialization from the less generalist (C. cristatus to the more generalist (C. gracilis. However, ‘thread-trailing’ experiments indicated that activity patterns of Nigerian chameleons were relatively similar among species. The overall abundance of chameleons (as estimated from the number of specimens observed in the time unit of field effort was relatively
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Emiliano Díez
2000-01-01
Full Text Available En el presente estudio se analizaron los efectos del olvido dirigido en pruebas directas (reconocimiento y recuerdo e indirectas (categorización y detección de letras. Los resultados mostraron que las palabras marcadas para aprender se recordaban mejor y se reconocían más rápido y con mayor precisión que las marcadas para olvidar. Este patrón de resultados se replicó con la prueba de categorización. Sin embargo, no se encontró olvido dirigido en la prueba de detección de letras. Los resultados se discuten en función de la hipótesis basada en el repaso diferencial como mecanismo implicado en el olvido dirigido con el método de las palabras.
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Salete Oliveira da Silva
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Foram identificadas 12 espécies de malófagos no Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Sorocaba e Fundação Jardim Zoológico, Rio de Janeiro. Ciconiphilus pectiniventris em Cygnus atratus (Anseriformes, Anatidae; Kurodaia sp. em Buteo albicaudatus (Falconiformes, Accipitridae; Degeeriella sp. em Falco sparverius (Falconiformes, Falconidae; Colpocephalum sp. e Goniocotes parviceps em Pavo cristatus (Galliformes, Phasianidae; Goniodes pavonis em Rhea americana (Rheiformes, Rheidae; Colpocephalum cristatae e Heptapsogaster sp. em Cariama cristata (Gruiformes, Cariamidae; Austrophilopterus cancellosus em Ramphastos dicolorus (Piciformes, Ramphastidae; Strigiphilus crucigerus em Otus choliba (Strigiformes, Strigidae; Kurodaia sp. em Rhinoptynx clamator (Strigiformes, Strigidae e Colpocephalum pectinatum em Speotyto cunicularia (Strigiformes, Strigidae. As relações parasito hospedeiros em Strigiformes são novas no Brasil.Twelve chewing lice species were identified in Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Sorocaba and Fundação Jardim Zoológico, Rio de Janeiro. The parasites found were: Ciconiphilus pectiniventris in Cygnus atratus (Anseriformes, Anatidae; Kurodaia sp. in Buteo albicaudatus (Falconiformes, Accipitridae; Degeeriella sp. in Falco sparverius (Falconiformes, Falconidae; Colpocephalum sp. and Goniocotes parviceps in Pavo cristatus (Galliformes, Phasianidae; Goniodes pavonis in Rhea americana (Rheiformes, Rheidae; Colpocephalum cristatae and Heptapsogaster sp. in Cariama cristata (Gruiformes, Cariamidae; Austrophilopterus cancellosus in Ramphastos dicolorus (Piciformes, Ramphastidae; Strigiphilus crucigerus in Otus choliba (Strigiformes, Strigidae; Kurodaia sp. in Rhinoptynx clamator (Strigiformes, Strigidae and Colpocephalum pectinatum in Speotyto cunicularia (Strigiformes, Strigidae. The host-lice relationships are new in Strigiformes in Brazil.
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Pathologic and molecular characterization of histomoniasis in peafowl ( Pavo cristatus).
Clarke, Lorelei L; Beckstead, Robert B; Hayes, Jeffrey R; Rissi, Daniel R
2017-03-01
Histomonas meleagridis is a flagellate protozoan organism that can cause severe necrotizing typhlitis and hepatitis in gallinaceous birds. Peafowl ( Pavo spp.) have been shown to be susceptible to histomoniasis in experimental settings, but there are few reports of natural histomoniasis in this species. A retrospective study of the archived cases at 2 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States yielded 5 cases of peafowl with gross and histologic findings characteristic of histomoniasis. Lesions included bilateral, transmural fibrinonecrotic typhlitis and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis with associated trophozoites morphologically consistent with H. meleagridis. There was no evidence of Heterakis gallinarum infestation in the studied cases. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver and ceca from all 5 cases and was analyzed using multiple sets of primers with subsequent sequencing and genotyping. Four samples were positive for H. meleagridis, and 1 sample was positive for both H. meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum. These results confirm that peafowl develop clinical disease similar to that described previously in other gallinaceous birds infected by H. meleagridis. The role of T. gallinarum remains unknown and further research is necessary to elucidate its role, if any, in the pathogenesis of the observed lesions.
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Entre muitas histórias: comentários ao texto da autora Maria Isabel Barreno
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Ivete Lara Camargos Walty
2001-03-01
Full Text Available O texto da autora Maria Isabel Barreno aqui apresentado é ele próprio um mapa de vários caminhos, ou fragmentos de mapas, nós de um hipertexto, escritura marcada pela subjetividade autoral em suas diversas possibilidades
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Burlibașa, Liliana; Suciu, Ilinca
2015-12-01
Oogenesis is a critical event in the formation of female gamete, whose role in development is to transfer genomic information to the next generation. During this process, the gene expression pattern changes dramatically concomitant with genome remodelling, while genomic information is stably maintained. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of H4 acetylation of the oocyte and somatic 5S rRNA genes in Triturus cristatus, using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). Our findings suggest that some epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation could be involved in the transcriptional regulation of 5S rRNA gene families.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Roche, J.; Nunez, J.; Jacquemin, Cl. [Laboratoire de Biochimie Generale et Comparee, College de France, Paris (France)
1962-02-15
. La 3'-hydroxythyronine et la 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine dont la presence illustre la participation de processus d'o-hydroxylation dans le catabolisme des cycles. -3. Les acides thyroacetiques et p-hydroxyphenylacetique dont l'apparition repond au schema general de la degradation des acides a-amines. (author) [Spanish] La eliminacion de yodo de las hormonas tiroideas da origen a yoduros y a tironina (T{sub 0}) que el autor ha caracterizado en cortes de tejido o en un preparado de tiroxinodesyodasa. El autor aporta una prueba directa de este proceso: la 3, 5, 3'-triyodotironina y la 3, 3', 5'-triyodotironina, marcadas, respectivamente, en {alpha}, {beta} y en 3 con {sup 3}H conducen a la formacion de T{sub 0} y de otros compuestos en el rinon. La identificacion de la T{sub 0} como derivado natural de las hormonas tiroideas justificaba el estudio de su metabolismo en los tejidos; el autor incubo T{sub 0}, marcada en 3 y 5 con {sup 3}H, junto con cortes de rinon y de musculo. Por radiocromatografia con contador de centelleo liquido y por autorradiografia logro determinar: 1) Tirosina, cuya formacion constituye una prueba de la ruptura del puente difenileter de la T{sub 0}. 2) 3'-hydroxitironina y 3,4-dihidroxifenilalanina, compuestos cuya presencia indica que en el catabolismo de los cielos intervienen procesos de O-hidroxilacion. 3) Los acidos tiroacetico y p-hidroxifenilacetico, cuya aparicion concuerda con el esquema general de la degradacion de los a-aminoacidos. (author) [Russian] Obeziozhivanie shhitovidnyh gormonov vedet k obrazovaniju iodidov i tironina (T{sub 0}), harakternaja osobennost' kotoryh byla dostignuta na osnovanii tkanevyh razrezov ili prigotovlenija obeznozhennogo tiroksina. Privoditsja neposredst- vennoe dokazatel'stvo jetogo processa: 3,5 i 3's trehiodistym tironinom i 3. 3' i 5 s trehiodistym tironinom mechennyh sootvetstvenno i al'fa i beta luchami i 3 mechennogo tritiem, vedut, mezhdu prochim, k obrazovaniju v pochke tironina. Identifikacija
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edson Xavier Fernandes
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Com base em dados climatológicos e de fluxo de energia, o presente trabalho analisa o comportamento microclimático observado em um importante remanescente de cerrado, no interior do estado de São Paulo. A sazonalidade climática é bem marcada, na área de estudo, com dois períodos climáticos (um seco e outro chuvoso. A vegetação apresenta sua fisiologia em função da disponibilidade hídrica e das condições térmicas locais, podendo-se observar marcada alteração da paisagem em função da maior ou menor presença de radiação solar. Diante das discussões em torno das mudanças climáticas em escala global, entender o papel dos ecossistemas neste processo tem ganhado atenção de pesquisadores, inclusive geógrafos.
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Life history tactics shape amphibians' demographic responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation.
Cayuela, Hugo; Joly, Pierre; Schmidt, Benedikt R; Pichenot, Julian; Bonnaire, Eric; Priol, Pauline; Peyronel, Olivier; Laville, Mathias; Besnard, Aurélien
2017-11-01
Over the last three decades, climate abnormalities have been reported to be involved in biodiversity decline by affecting population dynamics. A growing number of studies have shown that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) influences the demographic parameters of a wide range of plant and animal taxa in different ways. Life history theory could help to understand these different demographic responses to the NAO. Indeed, theory states that the impact of weather variation on a species' demographic traits should depend on its position along the fast-slow continuum. In particular, it is expected that NAO would have a higher impact on recruitment than on adult survival in slow species, while the opposite pattern is expected occur in fast species. To test these predictions, we used long-term capture-recapture datasets (more than 15,000 individuals marked from 1965 to 2015) on different surveyed populations of three amphibian species in Western Europe: Triturus cristatus, Bombina variegata, and Salamandra salamandra. Despite substantial intraspecific variation, our study revealed that these three species differ in their position on a slow-fast gradient of pace of life. Our results also suggest that the differences in life history tactics influence amphibian responses to NAO fluctuations: Adult survival was most affected by the NAO in the species with the fastest pace of life (T. cristatus), whereas recruitment was most impacted in species with a slower pace of life (B. variegata and S. salamandra). In the context of climate change, our findings suggest that the capacity of organisms to deal with future changes in NAO values could be closely linked to their position on the fast-slow continuum. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Stafford, Jennifer M; Lambert, Charles E; Zyskowski, Justin A; Engfehr, Cheryl L; Fletcher, Oscar J; Clark, Shanna L; Tiwary, Asheesh; Gulde, Cynthia M; Sample, Bradley E
2016-03-01
Limited data are available on the effects of molybdenum (Mo) on avian wildlife, which impairs evaluation of ecological exposure and risk. While Mo is an essential trace nutrient in birds, little is known of its toxicity to birds exposed to molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), the predominant form found in molybdenite ore. The chemical form and bioavailability of Mo is important in determining its toxicity. Avian toxicity tests typically involve a soluble form of Mo, such as sodium molybdate dihydrate (SMD, Na2MoO4·2H2O); however MoS2 is generally insoluble, with low bioaccessibility under most environmental conditions. The current study monitored survival and general health (body weight and food consumption) of 9-day old northern bobwhite exposed to soluble Mo (SMD) and ore-related Mo (MoS2) in their diet for 30 days. Toxicity and bioavailability (e.g. tissue distribution) of the two Mo forms were compared. Histopathology evaluations and serum, kidney, liver, and bone tissue sample analyses were conducted. Copper, a nutrient integrally associated with Mo toxicity, was also measured in the diet and tissue. No treatment-related mortality occurred and no treatment-related lesions were recorded for either Mo form. Tissue analyses detected increased Mo concentrations in serum, kidney, liver, and bone tissues following exposure to SMD, with decreasing concentrations following a post-exposure period. For the soluble form, a No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Concentration (NOAEC) of 1200 mg Mo as SMD/kg feed (134 mg SMD/kg body weight/day) was identified based on body weight and food consumption. No adverse effects were observed in birds exposed to MoS2 at the maximum dose of 5000 mg MoS2/kg feed (545 mg MoS2/kg body weight/day). These results show that effects associated with MoS2, the more environmentally prevalent and less bioavailable Mo form, are much less than those observed for SMD. These data should support more realistic representations of exposure and risks to avian receptors from environmental Mo.
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Pathotyping of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from peacock (Pavo cristatus).
Vijayarani, K; Muthusamy, S; Tirumurugaan, K G; Sakthivelan, S M; Kumanan, K
2010-03-01
This report describes Newcastle disease in peacock and the isolation and characterization of the virus. The virus had an intracerbral pathogenicity index of 1.71 and mean death time of 47 h. The isolate had multiple basic amino acids at the fusion protein cleavage site sequence ((110)GGRRQRRFIG(119)) with a phenylalanine at residue 117. Biological and molecular characterization revealed that the virus is velogenic. Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate in genotype II.
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Cutaneous form of pox infection among captive peafowl (Pavo cristatus) chicks.
Khan, Ahrar; Yousaf, Arfan; Khan, M Zargham; Siddique, Muhammad; Gul, S Tehseen; Mahmood, Fazal
2009-02-01
The present study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology and lesions of avian pox in captive peafowl chicks. Overall values of morbidity, mortality and case fatality were 45.2%, 27.1% and 60.0%, respectively. The chicks of 9 to 12 weeks of age showed a significantly (P<0.001) higher prevalence rate than other age groups. The morbidity and mortality due to avian pox in peafowl chicks was significantly (P<0.001) reduced when kept in mosquito-proof cages and hatched under broody chicken hens. Morbidity due to poxvirus infection on the peafowl farm was 82%, 26% and 12% in successive years. This reduction might have been the result of the introduction of mosquito-proof nets after year 1, although this was not the subject of a controlled experiment. All of the peafowl chicks suffering from dry pox showed pustular and nodular lesions on eye lids, beak, legs and toes. Distribution of lesions in different body parts varied significantly (P<0.023). Lesion diameters were less than 1 cm (59.73%), 1 to 2 cm (23.75%) and more than 2 cm (16.87%). Histopathological studies revealed extensive proliferation of subdermal connective tissue and infiltration of heterophils and macrophages. The keratinocytes showed degenerative changes in the form of cytoplasmic vacuolation, ballooning and hyper-chromatic nuclei. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Bollinger bodies) in keratinocytes were consistently present. It was concluded that avian pox rendered high morbidity, mortality and case fatality in peafowl chicks.
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Extreme climatic events constrain space use and survival of a ground-nesting bird.
Tanner, Evan P; Elmore, R Dwayne; Fuhlendorf, Samuel D; Davis, Craig A; Dahlgren, David K; Orange, Jeremy P
2017-05-01
Two fundamental issues in ecology are understanding what influences the distribution and abundance of organisms through space and time. While it is well established that broad-scale patterns of abiotic and biotic conditions affect organisms' distributions and population fluctuations, discrete events may be important drivers of space use, survival, and persistence. These discrete extreme climatic events can constrain populations and space use at fine scales beyond that which is typically measured in ecological studies. Recently, a growing body of literature has identified thermal stress as a potential mechanism in determining space use and survival. We sought to determine how ambient temperature at fine temporal scales affected survival and space use for a ground-nesting quail species (Colinus virginianus; northern bobwhite). We modeled space use across an ambient temperature gradient (ranging from -20 to 38 °C) through a maxent algorithm. We also used Andersen-Gill proportional hazard models to assess the influence of ambient temperature-related variables on survival through time. Estimated available useable space ranged from 18.6% to 57.1% of the landscape depending on ambient temperature. The lowest and highest ambient temperature categories (35 °C, respectively) were associated with the least amount of estimated useable space (18.6% and 24.6%, respectively). Range overlap analysis indicated dissimilarity in areas where Colinus virginianus were restricted during times of thermal extremes (range overlap = 0.38). This suggests that habitat under a given condition is not necessarily a habitat under alternative conditions. Further, we found survival was most influenced by weekly minimum ambient temperatures. Our results demonstrate that ecological constraints can occur along a thermal gradient and that understanding the effects of these discrete events and how they change over time may be more important to conservation of organisms than are average and broad
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Síndrome diencéfalico como causa de desnutrición severa
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Leonor Báez Segurola
2013-03-01
Full Text Available El síndrome diencefálico es un complejo de síntomas y signos causados por disfunción de esta área del encéfalo caracterizado por una marcada desnutrición aun cuando la ingesta calórica es normal. Se presentan dos casos, el primero de ellos una niña de 13 meses de edad con antecedentes de un fallo de medro a partir del tercer mes de vida, que ingresó en este servicio para el estudio de una desnutrición proteico energética severa que presentó en el transcurso de su evolución un apetito inestable y al mes de ingresada un evento paroxístico. Se le realizó resonancia magnética nuclear y se comprobó imagen hipodensa, redondeada, que medía aproximadamente 3 x 3 cm en región supraselar; fue intervenida quirúrgicamente en 2 ocasiones, se realizó exéresis del tumor, y se confirmó anatomopatológicamente un astrocitoma pilocítico de bajo grado. El segundo paciente, un lactante que ingresó con el diagnóstico confirmado de tumor intracraneal para estudio, semejante al caso presentado anteriormente, mostraba una marcada desnutrición proteico energética, se le realizó tomografía axial computarizada en la que se pudo apreciar una extensa masa tumoral supraselar con dilatación del sistema ventricular. Durante su evolución presentó marcada anorexia con pérdida de peso progresiva, por lo que se realizó gastrostomía. A los 59 días falleció como consecuencia de una pancitopenia, y la necropsia concluyó: astrocitoma pilocítico de bajo grado.
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Gandarías Goikoetxea, Itziar
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Las fracturas generadas por la actual transformación geopolítica constituye nuevas clases de servidumbre de género que cristalizan con violencia en determinadas corporeidades; unas servidumbres que interpelan las lecturas feministas de la realidad y que demandan de renovados tejidos y texturas feministas para actuar y analizar frente a estas configuraciones. Bajo el trasfondo de las recientes perspectivas interseccionales y post-coloniales, este texto explora las experiencias, dificultades y posibilidades de articulación entre posiciones de sujeto marcadas y producidas dentro del actual contexto post-colonial. A partir de producciones narrativas con colectivos de mujeres migradas, autóctonas y/o feministas, se identifican los actuales y potenciales puntos de articulación y tensión entre sus prácticas y proyectos de acción política; narraciones que ofrecen escenarios de articulaciones posibles que permiten un desplazamiento de fronteras y ejes de diferenciación entre posiciones marcadas geopolíticamente a nivel global y subjetivadas localmente por discursos post-coloniales.
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Luz Fátima Huallpa Vargas
2011-01-01
Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un procedimiento de autenticación de imágenes digitales combinando diversos métodos relacionados con watermarks (marcas de agua digitales y métodos de cifrado, con el fin de proteger los derechos de autor de imágenes digitales. Para que este procedimiento sea robusto, imperceptible y resistente a diferentes ataques intencionales o no intencionales se trabaja en el dominio de las frecuencias de la imagen utilizando la Transformada Discreta del Coseno (Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT. Para agregar mayor nivel de protección y seguridad a la imagen marcada, se cifra el mensaje insertado a partir de una clave del autor empleando el método de Autómatas Celulares. El mensaje insertado es resistente a la compresión JPEG, a los ruidos y filtros gaussiano y salt-and-pepper. La extracción del mensaje se realiza a partir de la imagen marcada para lo cual se hace uso estricto de la clave del autor para verificar la autenticidad del mismo.
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Elin Soomets
Full Text Available Small freshwater ponds host diverse and vulnerable biotic assemblages but relatively few conspicuous, specially protected taxa. In Europe, the amphibians Triturus cristatus and Pelobates fuscus are among a few species whose populations have been successfully restored using pond restoration and management activities at the landscape scale. In this study, we explored whether the ponds constructed for those two target species have wider conservation significance, particularly for other species of conservation concern. We recorded the occurrence of amphibians and selected aquatic macro-invertebrates (dragonflies; damselflies; diving beetles; water scavenger beetles in 66 ponds specially constructed for amphibians (up to 8 years post construction and, for comparison, in 100 man-made ponds (created by local people for cattle or garden watering, peat excavation, etc. and 65 natural ponds in Estonia. We analysed nestedness of the species assemblages and its dependence on the environment, and described the co-occurrence patterns between the target amphibians and other aquatic species. The assemblages in all ponds were significantly nested, but the environmental determinants of nestedness and co-occurrence of particular species differed among pond types. Constructed ponds were most species-rich irrespective of the presence of the target species; however, T. cristatus was frequent in those ponds and rare elsewhere, and it showed nested patterns in every type of pond. We thus conclude that pond construction for the protected amphibians can serve broader habitat conservation aims in the short term. However, the heterogeneity and inconsistent presence of species of conservation concern observed in other types of ponds implies that long-term perspectives on pond management require more explicit consideration of different habitat and biodiversity values. We also highlight nestedness analysis as a tool that can be used for the practical task of selecting focal
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SURGICAL RECTIFICATION OF THREAD-ASSOCIATED GLOSSOPTOSIS IN PEAFOWLS
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M. Athar, A. Shakoor, G. Muhammad, M.N. Asi, and M. Saqib
2001-02-01
Full Text Available Domesticated and/or caged peafowls (Pavo cristatus and other fancy birds suffer from a variety of disease conditions due to unnatural habitat and suboptimal managemental practices. The present article scribes glossoptosis (downward displacement of tongue in four juvenile peafowls caused by kite-flying read wrapped around the base of tongue and terminating somewhere in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The condition was characterized by difficulty in swallowing, chronic inappetance, gasping and a fading body condition. Severing of the proximal part of thread through crop and then unwinding it from the base .the tongue affected an instant relief. As far as could be ascertained, the condition under reference has not been reported heretofore in birds especially in peafowls.
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Sheldon, Julie; Hoover, John P; Payton, Mark E
2007-06-01
To determine if blood administered to pigeons by gavage tube would simulate gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a noncarnivorous avian model, be digested in the gastrointestinal tract, and subsequently alter concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine, or uric acid, blood from common peacocks (Pavo cristatus) was administered by gavage tube to 5 healthy domestic pigeons (Columba livia) at doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 ml/kg. No significant difference in plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine, or uric acid was seen 4-6 hours after gavage. The findings did not support or rule out the presence of gastrointestinal blood in pigeons as a model for hemorrhage in noncarnivorous avian species.
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[Leukosis in captive wild birds].
Loupal, G
1984-10-01
Among 2589 captive wild birds, examined between 1974 and 1983, we found leukosis in 26 birds belonging to 13 different species and five orders. We diagnosed lymphoid leukosis in 11 birds (two Melopsittacus undulatus, two Psittacus erithacus one Platycerus eximius, one Columba livia, one Streptopelia decaocto, one Polyplectron bicalcaratum, one Pavo cristatus, one Aptenodytes patachonia and one finch, species unknown), myeloid leukosis in 14 (nine Melopsittacus undulatus, two Agapomis personata fischeri, two Urgeainthus bengalus and one Neophemia pulchella) and stem cell leukosis in one bird (Serinus canaria). Among the cases with lymphoid leukosis we distinguished between lymphoblastic (four cases) and prolymphocytic forms (seven). Myeloid leukosis was subdivided into poorly differentiated (12 cases) and well differentiated myeloblastosis (two).
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Marine iguanas die from trace oil pollution.
Wikelski, Martin; Wong, Vanessa; Chevalier, Brett; Rattenborg, Niels; Snell, Howard L
2002-06-06
An oil tanker ran aground on the Galapagos island of San Cristóbal on 17 January 2001, spilling roughly three million litres of diesel and bunker oil. The slick started to spread westwards and was dispersed by strong currents, so only a few marine animals were killed immediately as a result. Here we draw on the long-term data sets gathered before the spill to show that a population of marine iguanas (Amblyrhychus cristatus) on Sante Fe island suffered a massive 62% mortality in the year after the accident, due to a small amount of residual oil contamination in the sea. Another population on the more remote island of Genovesa was unaffected.
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Creencias, prácticas y actitudes de mujeres embarazadas frente a las infecciones urinarias
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Édgar Castro F.
2008-01-01
Resultados: la investigación permitió conocer el impacto que tiene el saber cultural sobre la práctica consciente del autocuidado durante la etapa de la gestación. Así mismo, la resistencia marcada hacia el uso o tratamiento con antibióticos, por pensar en los efectos dañinos que estos medicamentos pueden causar en el bebé.
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Juan de J. García Martín
2007-09-01
Full Text Available La psoriasis es una dermatitis crónica de etiología desconocida. Clínicamente se caracteriza por unas lesiones populosas, sobre máculas eritemato-escamosas. La mayoría de éstas lesiones se desencadenan por alteraciones de la proliferación celular, estas vienen marcadas por mecanismos inmunológicos y genéticos.
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Endoparasitic infections in Indian peacocks (Pavo cristatus) of Veterinary College Campus, Mathura.
Jaiswal, Amit Kumar; Sudan, Vikrant; Shanker, Daya; Kumar, Pradeep
2013-04-01
A survey was made to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in free range blue peacocks living in and around the premises of College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Mathura. Faecal samples of peacocks were collected randomly and brought to the divisional laboratory for faecal sample examination. During the coprological examination, eggs and oocysts of cestodes and coccidia belonging to Eimeria and Isospora species were identified, respectively based on the morphology and micrometry of these parasitic stages. The present study has generated an important data regarding the else while parasitologically neglected national bird of India.
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[Foreign-body related esophagus obstruction in a peacock (Pavo cristatus L. 1758)].
Krautwald, M E; Schildger, B
1986-01-01
A coil of metal wire was diagnosed by X-ray closely to the heartbasis in an eight-year-old peacock. Described are anesthesia and successful surgical removal of the coiled wire which had partially pierced the wall of the oesophagus. Means of post-surgical drug and dietetic therapy are discussed.
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Survey of peafowl (Pavo cristatus) for potential pathogens at three Michigan zoos.
Hollamby, Simon; Sikarskie, James G; Stuht, John
2003-12-01
Blood samples collected from 31 free-roaming peafowl from three zoos in Michigan were tested serologically. Antibody titers were present against avian adenovirus and Bordetella avium in 19.3% and 61.3% of the samples, respectively. Serum plate agglutination tests were positive for Mycoplasma meleagridis and Mycoplasma synoviae in 3.2% and 38.7% of the samples, respectively. All birds were seronegative for avian influenza, Newcastle disease virus, West Nile virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella typhimurium, and Giardia sp. No parasites were seen in blood smears. Cloacal swabs were cultured for anaerobic, aerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria. Clostridium perfringens type A and Escherichia coli were cultured most frequently from 64.5% and 29% of the samples, respectively, whereas Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. were not isolated. Fecal samples contained moderate numbers of ascarid and Capillaria sp. ova and coccidian oocysts. Female biting lice (Goniodes gigas) were identified on three birds.
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The ontogenetic origins of skull shape disparity in the Triturus cristatus group.
Cvijanović, Milena; Ivanović, Ana; Kalezić, Miloš L; Zelditch, Miriam L
2014-09-01
Comparative studies of ontogenies of closely related species provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for morphological diversification. Using geometric morphometrics, we investigated the ontogenetic dynamics of postlarval skull shape and disparity in three closely related crested newt species. The skull shapes of juveniles just after metamorphosis (hereafter metamorphs) and adult individuals were sampled by landmark configurations that describe the shape of the dorsal and ventral side of the newt skull, and analyzed separately. The three species differ in skull size and shape in metamorphs and adults. The ontogenies of dorsal and ventral skull differ in the orientation but not lengths of the ontogenetic trajectories. The disparity of dorsal skull shape increases over ontogeny, but that of ventral skull shape does not. Thus, modifications of ontogenetic trajectories can, but need not, increase the disparity of shape. In species with biphasic life-cycles, when ontogenetic trajectories for one stage can be decoupled from those of another, increases and decreases in disparity are feasible, but our results show that they need not occur. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Carlos Eduardo Faroni
2007-06-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar três métodos de aplicação de solução de uréia marcada com15N (15N-uréia : pulverização foliar, injeção na base do colmo e imersão radicular, a fim de se definir qual seria o mais eficiente na marcação de fitomassa de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi instalado na Estação Experimental Apta - Pólo Regional Centro Sul, em Piracicaba, SP. A cana-de-açúcar, variedade SP80 3280, foi plantada em vasos preenchidos com aproximadamente 120 dm³ de Neossolo Quartzarênico de textura arenosa. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. A fitomassa de cana-de-açúcar dos três tratamentos, no 11º mês de desenvolvimento, não diferiu estatisticamente, e suas abundâncias de 15N foram superiores à natural, tendo-se verificado a seguinte ordem decrescente de marcação com 15N: parte aérea > rizoma > rizomas+raízes na camada de 0,0-0,2 m > raízes na camada de 0,2-0,4 m > raízes em profundidade maior que 0,4 m. Entre os métodos de aplicação de 15N-uréia, a injeção na base de colmos é o de mais fácil execução, o mais efetivo na marcação da fitomassa e o que apresentou a maior recuperação do traçador (96%. A aplicação foliar é comparável à injeção, somente na marcação e na recuperação do traçador no sistema radicular.The objective of this research was to compare three methods of 15N-urea solutions application: spray on leaf, injection in the plant base stem and root immersion, in order to define the most efficient labeling sugarcane phytomass with 15N method. The experiment was carried out at APTA - Pólo Regional Centro Sul, in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, and the sugarcane variety SP80 3280 was planted in pots filled out with approximately 120 dm³ of a Typic Quartzipsamment soil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. There were no difference between the methods in the plant parts dry
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Jesús Martínez Betancourt
2004-01-01
Full Text Available En el mundo de hoy, caracterizado por la marcada competencia en todos los sectores de la sociedad, las instituciones de educación públicas y privadas no son la excepción., razón por la cual la evaluación se ha convertido en un requisito indispensable, no solo para hacer una retrospectiva, sino y, especialmente, para superar deficiencias y potenciar fortalezas; más aún, si la competencia está relacionada con el conocimiento, hoy puesto en subasta por la globalizada economía de mercado como factor determinante de la competitividad. Mucho se ha escrito sobre la falta de vinculación entre la Universidad y la sociedad, que según algunos estudiosos se refleja en la baja calidad y el autismo de la primera, y de las marcadas exigencias y falta de compromisos de la segunda con aquella; sobre la proliferación de “universidades de garaje”; sobre la privatización de la educación publica superior, que apenas alcanza un 30%, mientras que el 70% restante corresponde a la privada.
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Biografias silenciadas: um percurso semiótico do herói em Lima Barreto e Theodoro Sampaio
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Cassia Vanessa Batalha
2017-06-01
Full Text Available Na tentativa de trazer à tona uma discussão acerca da contribuição dos negros na construção da identidade nacional brasileira, este trabalho analisa o percurso semiótico de duas personalidades: Lima Barreto e Theodoro Sampaio. O primeiro destacou-se na área da literatura e o segundo, na geografia. A trajetória do homem negro no Brasil foi marcada pela luta de forças, traduzida no desequilíbrio entre os sujeitos, marcada pelo discurso da intolerância e pela reprodução de preconceitos – presentes na educação escolar e cujo combate tem sido realizado por meio de políticas educacionais e legislação própria. A semiótica greimasiana serve de arcabouço teórico por meio do qual discutimos o percurso narrativo do herói negro, com vistas a desvelar sua luta e tornar visível sua identidade histórica e cultural em meio a uma história construída pelo pensamento europeizado.
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Plasmodium durae Herman from the introduced common peafowl in northern Nigeria.
Laird, M
1978-02-01
Plasmodium (Giovannolaia) durae Herman was originally described from Kenya, the type host being the common turkey, Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus. There are no field records of this association outside of Africa, where the parasite, herein reported from another introduced and domesticated bird (the common peafowl, Pavo cristatus Linnaeus), was recently listed from 2 native Phasianidae of the genus Francolinus. The justification for the present identification is submitted against background data concerning malaria parasites from turkeys and other Galliformes in Africa and elsewhere, and restraint is urged in describing yet more "new species" of avian Plasmodium belonging to morphologically close taxa within Novyella and Giovannolaia. A near relative of P. durae, Plasmodium dissanaikei de Jong, is transferred from the former subgenus to the latter one.
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Maynard Smith: amplifying the reasons for signal reliability.
Harper, D G C
2006-03-21
One of the many questions to which John Maynard Smith contributed was that of why most animal signals are reliable. He initially rejected the "handicap" argument but gradually accepted it, a process I briefly describe. This episode illustrated his preference for mathematical models over verbal ones, and the generosity with which he could change his mind. Even after accepting that some signals are reliable because of their strategic costs, he argued for a pluralistic approach to signal reliability. Signal complexity was a developing interest when he died. Signals usually involve several components, some of which appear to amplify other signal components. The terms "amplifier" and "index" require more thought to reduce the scope for semantic confusion. I conclude by describing Maynard Smith's fascination with peacocks Pavo cristatus.
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A Comparative Study of Growth Patterns in Crested Langurs and Vervet Monkeys
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Debra R. Bolter
2011-01-01
Full Text Available The physical growth patterns of crested langurs and vervet monkeys are investigated for several unilinear dimensions. Long bone lengths, trunk height, foot length, epiphyseal fusion of the long bones and the pelvis, and cranial capacity are compared through six dental growth stages in male Trachypithecus cristatus (crested langurs and Cercopithecus aethiops (vervet monkeys. Results show that the body elements of crested langurs mature differently than those of vervets. In some dimensions, langurs and vervets grow comparably, in others vervets attain adult values in advance of crested langurs, and in one feature the langurs are accelerated. Several factors may explain this difference, including phylogeny, diet, ecology, and locomotion. This study proposes that locomotor requirements affect differences in somatic growth between the species.
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Cumbre de Viena: energía, polarización y búsqueda de liderazgos
Bermúdez, Ángel; Soriano, Juan Pablo
2006-01-01
La IV Cumbre Unión Europea – América Latina y el Caribe (UE-ALC), celebrada en Viena los días 11, 12 y 13 de mayo, estuvo marcada por una creciente polarización interna latinoamericana, por los problemas europeos para definir un liderazgo sobre el futuro del proyecto de integración y por la crisis global de energía.
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Recomanacions per al control de la brucel·losi a Catalunya
Ariza Cardenal, Javier; Esteban, E.; Foz, A. (Amadeu), 1913-1993; Díaz, R.; Mora, R.; Ollé, J.; Rodríguez-Torres, A.; Segura i Benedicto, Andreu
1987-01-01
La brucel·losi humana es coneix al nostre país també amb els noms de febre de Malta i, en ocasions, de febre ondulant i de melitocòccia. Tanmateix, l'expressió brucel·losi ofereix nombrosos avantatges i hi ha una marcada tendència a incrementar-ne l'ús, per la qual cosa utilitzarem exclusivament aquesta denominació.
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JUAN PABLO GUTIÉRREZ HERNANDEZ
2010-01-01
gas de síntesis, y la oxidación de SO2. Las ecuaciones son parametrizadas y resueltas de acuerdo a un método de continuación por homotopía. Los resultados demuestran que la concentración de inertes y la presión tienen marcada influencia sobre el tamaño de la región de inestabilidad.
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Ensino agrícola e influência norte-americana no Brasil (1945-1961
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Sonia Regina de Mendonça
2010-12-01
Full Text Available O artigo trata das redefinições sofridas pelo Ensino Agrícola no Brasil, a partir da conjuntura marcada pelo fim da II Guerra Mundial/Guerra Fria, quando inúmeros acordos de "cooperação técnica" seriam firmados entre os governos brasileiro e estadunidense, objetivando "recuperar" seu novo público-alvo: o trabalhador rural adulto e analfabeto.
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Luz H. Camargo
2004-12-01
Full Text Available El análisis cualitativo de las redes neuronales por histoquímica enzimática se usa comúnmente en los estudios morfológicos tradicionales. Una limitante de este tipo de estudios consiste en la dificultad de obtener resultados cuantitativos. Este artículo presenta dos técnicas originales de procesamiento de imágenes para realizar estudios cuantitativos y un análisis comparativo entre ellas. Los resultados preliminares presentados permiten verificar la utilidad de la metodología aplicada.
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Ambiente psicologico en las organizaciones
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Damarcy Cortés Baracaldo
2002-01-01
Full Text Available El talento humano en las organizaciones se ha convertido en las ultimas decadas en un recurso que se administra de acuerdo al estilo de liderazgo del jefe, lo que implica una marcada relación hacia la tarea, hacia las relaciones con el personal o una combinación de estas dos, que desencadenan en un ambiente psicológico exclusive en cada organización.
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Diversidad de macroalgas asociada con un manto de rodolitos tropical de Brasil
Amado-Filho, GM; Maneveldt, GW; Pereira-Filho, GH; Manso, RCC; Bahia, RG.; Barros-Barreto, MB; Guimarães, SMPB
2010-01-01
Se describen las poblaciones de las macroalgas submareales predominantemente tropicales que crecen sobre rodolitos entre 4 y 18 m de profundidad en la parte sur del estado de Espirito Santo (Brasil). Muestreos cualitativos y cuantitativos revelaron comunidades ricas en especies de algas, incluyendo 167 especies. Tres especies de rodofitas son nuevas adiciones a la flora marina de Brasil (Lithothamnion muelleri, Scinaia aborealis y Mesophyllum engelhartii). Las marcadas diferencias estacionale...
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Società Italiani Uniti: do triunfo à decadência. A emergência do fascismo
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rosane Siqueira Teixeira
Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta parte do resultado da pesquisa realizada sobre a Società Italiani Uniti, uma associação italiana marcada pela emergência do fascismo, que existiu em Araraquara (SP entre os anos de 1920 e 1941. Pretende-se traçar a sua trajetória, do triunfo à decadência, discutindo suas funções, coesão e consenso.
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Pox infection among captive peacocks.
Al Falluji, M M; Tantawi, H H; Al-Bana, A; Al-Sheikhly, S
1979-10-01
An outbreak of avian pox was detected among captive peacocks (Pavo cristatus) at Baghdad Zoological Park during spring, 1978. A total of 45 of the 60 birds in the aviary developed pox lesions around the beaks and eyes. Morbidity was 75% and mortality was 13%. A virus isolated from the skin lesions produced large plaques on the chorioallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos and induced cytopathic effect characteristic for pox viruses in chicken embryo cell cultures. The virus neither haemagglutinated nor haemadsorbed to chicken erythrocytes. It was ether resistant and chloroform sensitive. Chickens inoculated with the virus by scarification developed localized pox-like lesions, while turkeys had only transient swelling of feather follicles at the site of inoculation. Virus partially purified with Genetron 113 was precipitated by antisera to fowlpox and pigeon pox viruses.
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Thermoregulatory postures limit antipredator responses in peafowl.
Yorzinski, Jessica L; Lam, Jennifer; Schultz, Rachel; Davis, Melissa
2018-01-05
Many animals inhabit environments where they experience temperature fluctuations. One way in which animals can adjust to these temperature changes is through behavioral thermoregulation. However, we know little about the thermal benefits of postural changes and the costs they may incur. In this study, we examined the thermoregulatory role of two postures, the head-tuck and leg-tuck posture, in peafowl ( Pavo cristatus ) and evaluated whether the head-tuck posture imposes a predation cost. The heads and legs of peafowl are significantly warmer when the birds exhibit these postures, demonstrating that these postures serve an important thermoregulatory role. In addition, the birds are slower to respond to an approaching threat when they display the head-tuck posture, suggesting that a thermoregulatory posture can limit antipredator behavior. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
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Thermoregulatory postures limit antipredator responses in peafowl
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jessica L. Yorzinski
2018-01-01
Full Text Available Many animals inhabit environments where they experience temperature fluctuations. One way in which animals can adjust to these temperature changes is through behavioral thermoregulation. However, we know little about the thermal benefits of postural changes and the costs they may incur. In this study, we examined the thermoregulatory role of two postures, the head-tuck and leg-tuck posture, in peafowl (Pavo cristatus and evaluated whether the head-tuck posture imposes a predation cost. The heads and legs of peafowl are significantly warmer when the birds exhibit these postures, demonstrating that these postures serve an important thermoregulatory role. In addition, the birds are slower to respond to an approaching threat when they display the head-tuck posture, suggesting that a thermoregulatory posture can limit antipredator behavior.
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Barbieri, Nicolle Lima; Tejkowski, Thiago Moreira; de Oliveira, Aline Luisa; de Brito, Benito Guimarães; Horn, Fabiana
2012-06-01
Extraintestinal infections by avian pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (APEC) are commonly reported in poultry, but there is little information on infections by APEC in other bird species. Here we report on the characterization of extraintestinal E. coli isolated from a domesticated peacock, from the south of Brazil, that died of colisepticemia. Necropsy examination revealed congested liver, hypertrophied kidneys, peritonitis, severe typhlitis suggestive of coligranuloma, pneumonia, and airsacculitis--typical signs of colisepticemia. The isolates from lungs, kidney, heart, intestine, liver, and bone marrow all harbored the same virulence-associated factors (iucD, colV, iss, mat, fimC, ompA, traT crl, csgA vgrG, and hcp), yielded the same band pattern in amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, and were allocated to the Escherichia coli Reference Collection group B1. The isolates were resistant to bacitracin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline, but displayed slight differences in their resistance to other antimicrobials. The isolates also differed in their virulence in 1-day-old chickens, but none displayed high virulence in vivo. We conclude that the peacock died of colisepticemia after it was infected with an extraintestinal E. coli strain of low virulence that nevertheless harbored virulence factors generally associated with APEC. This study represents the first characterization of an APEC isolated from a nonpoultry bird species.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Labrosse, E. H.; Axelrod, J.; Kopin, I. J.; Kety, S. S. [National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (United States)
1962-02-15
limitees par le fait que l'adrenaline marquee avait une activite specifique relativement faible. Le recours a l'adrenaline tritiee (7-{sup 3}H-dl-adrenaline-d-bitartrate) a permis une meilleure recuperation des substances radioactives administrees, et grace a l'activite specifique plus elevee (superieure a 300 microcuries par milligramme) il a ete possible d'isoler de nouveaux metabolites et de determiner leur quantite. Chez 12 sujets males normaux, 92,6 {+-} 7,7% du tritium contenu dans l'adrenaline-3 infusee a ete evacue dans l'urine dans les 54 heures qui ont suivi l'infusion de l'adrenaline tritiee. L'urine contenait les substances tritiees suivantes: adrenaline inchangee, 6,8 {+-} 1,5%; metanephrine libre, 5,2 {+-} 1,1%; glycuronate de metanephrine, 6,0 {+-} 1,5%; sulfate de metanephrine, 29,5 {+-} 9,0%; metoxy-3-hydroxy-4-phenylglycole, 7,1 {+-} 1,4%; acide dihydroxy-3, 4-mandelique libre et conjugue, 1,6 {+-} 0,6%; acide metoxy-3-hydroxy-4-mandelique, 41,2 {+-} 8,4%. Comme le montrent ces experiences et d'autres se rapportant au meme domaine, l'application biologique de l'adrenaline tritiee a permis de mieux comprendre le metabolisme de cette importante hormone de l'organisme humain. (author) [Spanish] Los autores tenian interes en estudiar el metabolismo de la adrenalina en seres humanos normales. Las investigaciones realizadas en animales indicaron algunos ciclos metabolicos posibles, pero las dosis de radiactividad y de aminopirocatequina empleadas eran superiores a las que el ser humano puede soportar sin peligro. Asimismo, los estudios anteriores acerca del metabolismo de esta hormona en el hombre quedaron limitados por la actividad especifica relativamente baja de la adrenalina marcada. El empleo de adrenalina tritiada (d-bitartrato de 7-{sup 3}H-dl-adtenalma) ha permitido recuperar un porcentaje mayor de la radioactividad administrada, y su actividad especifica mas elevada (mas de 300 {mu}curies/mg) ha hecho posible aislar y determinar cuantitativamente
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SEGUNDO CENTENARIO DE LA INDEPENDENCIA
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gustavo Malagón Londoño
2010-09-01
Full Text Available
La Academia Nacional de Medicina, no podía eximirse de hacer una celebración solemne del Segundo Centenario de la Independencia, lo cual tiene plena explicación por ser de su ámbito dos temas fundamentales: la salud y la educación que tuvieron marcada incidencia en los dos siglos transcurridos, y muy marcada en el más reciente. Los temas de salud y educación ofrecieron características históricas dignas de guardar en la memoria. La facultad de ciencias naturales de Mutis y su actividad destacada en el ejercicio y enseñanza de la medicina con asocio especialmente valioso de Miguel de Isla, marcaron el punto de referencia para el manejo de la salud a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo XIX.
El sabio Mutis inyectó a la formación del médico los primeros tintes de modernización por su afinidad con los intelectuales ilustrados, contra la tradición de la Corona aferrada al escolasticismo obscurantista y a los métodos de control sobre las finanzas de los hospitales que llevaba a extremos como el de que fueran administrados con exclusividad por las comunidades religiosas.
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Entrenamiento de fuerza para la salud
Ortiz Cervera, Vicente
1996-01-01
Este artículo describe de manera breve y clara los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la salud, al mismo tiempo da pautas para la realización y programación de los entrenamientos de fuerza para la salud en distintas edades. Se muestran las diferentes variables del entrenamiento de la fuerza junto con ejemplos de entrenamientos, basándose en las pautas marcadas en la revisión bibliográfica descrita.
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Podredumbre radical bacteriana del alcaucil en Mendoza (Argentina)
Soto, José Alfredo; Puglia, María Carolina
2002-01-01
En alcauciles (Cynara scolymus L.) de la variedad Bleek cultivados en Coquimbito (Mendoza, Argentina) se observó marcada detención del crecimiento y atraso en la formación de las inflorescencias. Las plantas sanas tenían aprox. 1 m de altura mientras las enfermas no llegaban a 30 cm. Las hojas más externas manifestaban clorosis y leve marchitez con posterior necrosis. Se realizaron aislamientos en APG de...
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Gualdrón Pernía, Karla Andreina
2011-01-01
La creciente evolución de las sociedades y grandes ciudades, ha estado marcada por el desarrollo de industrias que intentan satisfacer las necesidades de los habitantes, entre estas se encuentra la industria automotriz, evolucionando notoriamente en los últimos 100 años, y provocando una serie de consecuencias e impactos medioambientales, muchas veces irreparables. Junto con la industria automotriz crece exponencialmente la de neumáticos, ocasionando la generación incontrolada de residuos ...
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Políticas educacionais contemporâneas: tecnologias, imaginários e regimes éticos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria Manuela Alves Garcia
2010-01-01
marcadas por la necesidad de justicia e igualdad social. Concluye que el discurso de las reformas y de promoción de la calidad de la educación, viene siendo tomado como préstamo para justificar el movimiento de reorganización del Estado brasileño en bases gerenciales, no modificando sustancialmente las condiciones de desigualdad de educación entre los jóvenes oriundos de diferentes clases sociales.
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A Revolução Mexicana na obra Biografia del Poder de Enrique Krauze
Cleverson Rodrigues Silva
2010-01-01
A Revolução Mexicana de 1910, foi marcada pela luta por Justiça Social e Reforma Agrária. Muitos personagens destacaram-se e foram alçados à categoria de heróis e baluartes da Revolução. É neste cenário que Enri...
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Hormonal responses and tolerance to cold of female quail following parathion ingestion
Rattner, B.A.; Sileo, L.; Scanes, C.G.
1982-01-01
Thirty-week-old female bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), maintained at 26 + 1?C, were provided diets containing 0,25, or 100 ppm parathion ad libitum. After 10 days, birds were exposed to mild cold (6 + 1?C) for 4,8, 12, 24, or 48 hr. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in birds receiving 25 and 100 ppm parathion. Body weight, egg production, and plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations were reduced in birds receiving 100 ppm parathion compared with other groups. Cold exposure did not alter plasma corticosterone levels in the 0- and 25-ppm parathion groups, but a two- to five fold elevation of plasma corticosterone was observed in birds fed 100 ppm parathion. These findings indicate that (i) short-term ingestion of parathion can impair reproduction possibly by altering gonadotropin or steroid secretion, and (ii) tolerance to cold may be reduced following ingestion of this organophosphate.
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Giuliano, W.M.; Patino, R.; Lutz, R.S.
1998-01-01
We compared reproductive and physiological responses of captive female northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) under control and water deprivation conditions. Scaled quail required less food and water to reproduce successfully under control conditions than northern bobwhite. Additionally, in scaled quail, serum osmolality levels and kidney mass were unaffected by water deprivation, whereas in northern bobwhite, serum osmolality levels increased and kidney mass declined. This finding indicates that scaled quail may have osmoregulatory abilities superior to those of northern bobwhite. Under control conditions, northern bobwhite gained more body mass and produced more but smaller eggs than scaled quail. Under water deprivation conditions, northern bobwhite lost more body mass but had more laying hens with a higher rate of egg production than scaled quail. Our data suggest that northern bobwhite allocated more resources to reproduction than to body maintenance, while scaled quail apparently forego reproduction in favor of body maintenance during water deprivation conditions.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Garcia, M D; Suarez, C; Rodrigo, M E
1978-07-01
The plant, (Zea mais, L) and culture conditions for an optimum production of glucose has been chosen. To achieve the labelling of glucose, photosynthesis and carboxylation are carried on, under an artificial atmosphere of 14CO{sub 2} produced from 14{sup C}-barium carbonate. Following photosynthesis the sugars are extracted, and then the extract purified by several methods. The purified glucose is finally, degraded and the specific radioactivity is determined in each of its carbon atoms. (Author) 37 refs.
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Ortolan, Ivonete Terezinha
2003-01-01
Dissertação ( mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação. A sociedade atual esta marcada por uma existência inequivocamente voltada para a digitalização de praticamente todos os segmentos, seja em termos científicos, profissionais e culturais. Este processo de mudança configura-se como o alicerce da chamada sociedade do conhecimento ou globalizada.
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Álvarez Blanco, María Palmar
2017-01-01
Partiendo de la premisa de que no estamos solos ante una crisis económica sino ante una crisis planetaria y de civilización marcada por la desaparición de los derechos humanos y los derechos de la naturaleza, este ensayo revisa el concepto de colonialidad del saber o “colonialismo interno” (Rivera Cusicanqui) junto al de matriz del aprendizaje capitalista como estructura instituyente tanto de una psique colonizadora como de una subalterna y de las rela...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aniel Moya
2003-06-01
Full Text Available Se aislaron 11 cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa en 10 pacientes quemados que se encontraban hospitalizados y se les realizó tipificación serológica y antibiotipia para determinar los serotipos más frecuentes en este tipo de pacientes. Los serotipos de mayor frecuencia de aislamiento fueron el O4 y el O5. Observamos una marcada resistencia frente a los antibióticos: carbenicilina (81,8% y la azlocilina (72,7%.
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Small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
P. Swanepoel
1975-07-01
Full Text Available A survey of the small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park resulted in a checklist, as well as information on relative numbers, distribution within the Park, reproductive activity, sex ratios, and body measurements. Forty mammals species occur in the Park, while three re-introduced species probably do not occur any longer. Of the 40 species 28 are considered small mammals comprising 13 rodent, eight carnivore, two shrew, two bat, one primate and one lagomorph species, as well as the aardvark: Crociduraflavescens, C. cyanea infumata, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Eptesicus capensis, Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Canis mesomelas, Ictonyx striatus, Poecilogale albinucha, Genetta sp., Herpestes pulverulentus, Suricata suricatta, Proteles cristatus, Felis caracal, Orycteropus afer, Lepus saxatilis, Cryptomys hottentotus, Hystrix africae-australis, Pedetes capensis, Graphiurus murinus, Aethomys namaquensis, Praomys natalensis, Rhabdomys pumilio, Mus minutoides, Rattus rattus, Saccostomys campestris, Desmodillus auricularis, Otomys irroratus and 0. unisulcatus.
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Comedia y Barroco. Narrativas del cuerpo en los círculos teatrales libertinos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Walter Nelson Musich
2012-07-01
Full Text Available Nuestro análisis se centrará en las narrativas del cuerpo que se dejan entrever en dos producciones teatrales cómicas: en Le pédant joué (1654 de Cyrano de Bergerac y en Le malade imaginaire (1673 de Molière. Habiendo seleccionado el género cómico-satírico por su carácter irreverente que solapa bajo la risa la crítica (y en ella otra retórica sobre los cuerpos y escogiendo esta dupla de dramaturgos debido a su, reiteradamente marcada, pertenencia al grupo de los libertinos o librepensadores. La presente investigación parte de pensar que las condiciones políticas en las que se escribieron las piezas teatrales (fines inmediatos de la Fronda y plena consolidación del modelo absolutista con Luis XIV conjugadas con la peculiar construcción de la mirada de estos dramaturgos libertinos, como capaces de hablar desde una presunta lejanía y en algunos casos neutralidad, nos posibilitan encontrar otras contemplaciones y concepciones sobre los cuerpos en su proceso de producción social. Concepciones que en medio de una época marcada a fuego por la pertenencia estamentaria (estamentos en pleno proceso de redelimitación se organizan en narrativas y críticas sociopolíticas, inaugurando una proto-sociología.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Augusto Salazar Sánchez
1949-07-01
Full Text Available Historia Clínica. L. M. C. natural de Suaita, de 36 años de edad, comerciante de profesión, consulta por dolores abdominales y fenómenos dispépticos; narra entre sus antecedentes el haber sufrido durante 20 años de una litiasis biliar, cuyas manifestaciones cedieron al serle practicada la colecistectomía hace 6 años: fue apendicitomizaclo hace 10 años: los demás antecedentes carecen de importancia. Desde hace tres años presenta marcada anorexia, cólicos iguales él los que se presentaban antes de ser operado, vómitos, estados ictéricos pasajeros, agrieras y marcada costipación. Se trata de un enfermo brevilíneo, obeso, cuyo examen clínico revela la presencia de un marcado meteorismo abdominal, sin que haya puntos dolorosos, tumefacciones, vísceras palpables ni ninguna otra anomalía. Dados sus antecedentes quirúrgicos, se hace el diagnóstico de colangitis crónica, instituyéndose en consecuencia un régimen dietético adecuado y la terapéutica médica correspondiente (colagogos, desinfectantes biliares, metionina, colina, etc al mismo tiempo que se ordena un examen coprológico y uno radiológico de vías divestivas y biliares.
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Fasciolosis: presentación de dos casos Fascioliasis. A two-case report
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marilín González Tielves
2011-06-01
Full Text Available Fundamento: La fasciolosis continua siendo una zoonosis de aparición frecuente. La frecuencia de la infección humana se ha subestimado en los últimos años, no obstante, aun se reportan casos y pequeños brotes de evolución variable, asociados a la ingestión de verduras o agua contaminadas. Caso Clínico: se presentaron dos casos con eosinofilia marcada, con manifestaciones clínicas y antecedente epidemiológico de consumir berro de origen silvestre. Se demuestra la importancia del antecedente epidemiológico en la confirmación de los casos. Conclusiones: la clínica referida, eosinofilia marcada y el antecedente epidemiológico de consumo de berro u otras verduras que puedan estar contaminadas, resultan elementos de vital relevancia para establecer un diagnóstico oportuno de esta enfermedad.Base: Fascioliasis is a zoonosis that maintains its frequent onset. The rate of recurrence of the human infection has been underestimated in the last years; however case reports remain and only some onsets of variable evolution associated with the consumption of vegetables or contaminated waters are reported. Clinical Case: two cases presenting a marked eosinophilia and the epidemiological history of watercress consumption and/or other potentially contaminated vegetables are crucial elements to be considered to establish the appropriate diagnosis of this disease.
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Liu, Shengwang; Chen, Jianfei; Chen, Jinding; Kong, Xiangang; Shao, Yuhao; Han, Zongxi; Feng, Li; Cai, Xuehui; Gu, Shoulin; Liu, Ming
2005-03-01
Coronavirus-like viruses, designated peafowl/China/LKQ3/2003 (pf/CH/LKQ3/03) and teal/China/LDT3/2003 (tl/CH/LDT3/03), were isolated from a peafowl and a teal during virological surveillance in Guangdong province, China. Partial genomic sequence analysis showed that these isolates had the S-3-M-5-N gene order that is typical of avian coronaviruses. The spike, membrane and nucleocapsid protein genes of pf/CH/LKQ3/03 had >99 % identity to those of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus H120 vaccine strain (Massachusetts serotype) and other Massachusetts serotype isolates. Furthermore, when pf/CH/LKQ3/03 was inoculated experimentally into chickens (specific-pathogen-free), no disease signs were apparent. tl/CH/LDT3/03 had a spike protein gene with 95 % identity to that of a Chinese infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolate, although more extensive sequencing revealed the possibility that this strain may have undergone recombination. When inoculated into chickens, tl/CH/LDT3/03 resulted in the death of birds from nephritis. Taken together, this information suggests that pf/CH/LKQ3/03 might be a revertant, attenuated vaccine IBV strain, whereas tl/CH/LDT3/03 is a nephropathogenic field IBV strain, generated through recombination. The replication and non-pathogenic nature of IBV in domestic peafowl and teal under field conditions raises questions as to the role of these hosts as carriers of IBV and the potential that they may have to transmit virus to susceptible chicken populations.
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Memoria, testimonio, autoficción. Narrativas de infancia en dictadura
Arfuch, Leonor
2015-01-01
El presente artículo enfrenta vida y ficción como formas de pensar la subjetividad contem-poránea. Para ello, la autora consagra un corpus de voces femeninas marcadas por una infancia atravesada por la dictadura. Todas estas narrativas concentran re-veladoras reflexiones sobre la memoria, el testimonio y autoficción como formas de problematizar lo político y social desde el filtro de lo personal. Palabras clave: Memoria, autoficción, testimonio, dictadura, subjetvidad, infancia, mujeres. T...
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Las negociaciones en el proceso penal: del procedimiento inquisitivo a la prisionización masiva
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Julio César Montañez Ruiz
2013-12-01
Full Text Available La presente investigación plantea la problemática de la prisionización masiva que generan las negociaciones en el sistema procesal penal de tendencia acusatoria, con marcada influencia norteamericana; aquí se sostiene que ese mecanismo, mediante el cual la Fiscalía busca la declaratoria masiva de culpabilidad de los imputados en plan de descongestionar el sistema represivo penal, tiene las caraterísticas más inquisitivas de un sistema de enjuiciamiento penal.
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La reorganización y la oposición del PCE al franquismo, (1939-1946)
Fernández Rodríguez, Carlos
2016-01-01
En el proceso y desarrollo histórico del PCE durante el primer franquismo tuvieron lugar diferentes reestructuraciones y luchas clandestinas protagonizadas por miles de militantes que integraron la organización comunista en aquellos años, muchos de ellos fueron encarcelados y algunos ejecutados por las autoridades franquistas. El origen de la resistencia antifranquista tuvo lugar incluso antes de la finalización de la guerra civil española y estuvo marcada por la desunión entre las distintas ...
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Sistema urbano y comercio en la comunidad autónoma de Galicia
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Alejandro López Gónzalez
1999-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo posee una doble vertiente. En primer lugar, pretende realizar un breve repaso de los trabajos de distintos geógrafos sobre la red urbana gallega. En segundo lugar, ofrece una interpretación personal sobre la base de determinadas variables como el equipamiento y la cuota comercial. De este análisis destacamos dos elementos: su marcada bipolaridad y el relativo vacío en el estrato de núcleos medianos, realidades responsables de cierto desequilibrio.
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Influencia de Gregorio de Nisa sobre Juan Escoto Eriúgena: Aproximación a partir del Periphyseon
Pachas, José Antonio
2004-01-01
A partir de los cinco libros del Periphyseon el autor intenta un acercamiento entre el pensamiento de Juan Escoto Eriúgena y Gregorio de Nisa, buscando sobre todo las principales influencias del segundo sobre el primero. Encuentra una plataforma de amplia base común entre ambos pensadores, marcada principalmente por un tipo de pensamiento circular según el esquema: procesión y retorno. Sin embargo, es notoria la influencia del Niseno sobre el Carolingio, principalmente cuando se trata de plan...
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Corrección quirúrgica del estrabismo en 2 pacientes con el síndrome de Moebius
Arias Díaz, Alejandro; Bernal Reyes, Neisy; Méndez Sánchez, Teresita de Jesús; Hernández Santos, Lourdes Rita; Naranjo Fernández, Rosa María; Hernández Ruíz, Lázaro Vladimir
2015-01-01
Se presentan las características oftalmológicas y clínicas de 2 pacientes (una mujer y un hombre) con diagnóstico de síndrome de Moebius. Esta entidad por lo general bilateral, de causa multifactorial, se caracteriza por marcada esotropía, con gran limitación de la abducción, y otras alteraciones faciales. Se presentan 2 casos clínicos a los que se les realizó corrección quirúrgica.
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Convergence in cranial proportions in New and Old World primates: a craniofunctional analysis
Rocatti, Guido; Pucciarelli, Héctor Mario; Muñe, María Cristina; Pérez, Sergio Iván
2014-01-01
Los humanos modernos han sido caracterizados por una morfología craneana extremadamente lobulada, considerada como una respuesta al aumento significativo en el tamaño del cerebro, que los diferencia de manera marcada del resto de los Primates. Otras especies, como algunos clados de platirrinos, cambiaron independientemente a lo largo de su historia evolutiva y alcanzaron valores elevados de tamaño relativo del cerebro. Este aumento del tamaño del cerebro ofrece una oportunidad para estudiar a...
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Rocatti, Guido; Pucciarelli, Héctor Mario; Muñe, María Cristina; Pérez, Sergio Iván
2014-01-01
Los humanos modernos han sido caracterizados por una morfología craneana extremadamente lobulada, considerada como una respuesta al aumento significativo en el tamaño del cerebro, que los diferencia de manera marcada del resto de los Primates. Otras especies, como algunos clados de platirrinos, cambiaron independientemente a lo largo de su historia evolutiva y alcanzaron valores elevados de tamaño relativo del cerebro. Este aumento del tamaño del cerebro ofrece una oportunidad para estudiar a...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Khan, Richard Lester
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar estudos envolvendo epilepsia e arte, mostrando o sofrimento, alegria, criações e adversidades destes com a epilepsia. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica (Medline, Lilacs, selecionando aspectos sobre epilepsia e arte. Conclusão: O texto discorre sobre a vida e obras de grandes nomes da arte que tiveram suas vidas marcadas e influenciadas pela epilepsia; e suas manifestações sociais, psíquicas e físicas
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Juan Carlos Vergara Silva
1998-02-01
Con base en la interrelación entre lenguaje y pensamiento se plantea el papel fundamental que el lenguaje ocupa en el modelo económico, educativo y cultural generado por la aparición de la era digital o era del conocimiento. en este artículo se evidencian los retos que genera una era marcada por un esquema digital en el desarrollo y uso de habilidades comunicativas tanto en la docencia superior como en el ejercicio profesional eficiente.
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Gómez Carretero, Antonio
2012-01-01
Texto completo descargado desde Teseo 1. Introducción Los polifenoles son una amplia familia de compuestos que se encuentran, entre otros alimentos, en la fruta, la verdura, el vino, el té, el cacao y el aceite de oliva virgen extra y que muestran una marcada actividad antioxidante, que se traduce en una contrastada actividad en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer, enfermedades neurodegenerativas, diabetes u osteoporosis . Uno de los polifenoles más efectivos como ...
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Marketin experiencial: revolución de fidelización
Cano García, Aura Lorena
2012-01-01
Actualmente en Colombia sólo existen dos tiendas por departamento, Falabella y La Polar. Ambas ofrecen productos similares a precios análogos, por lo cual este proyecto busca desarrollar una estrategia de fidelización del cliente, utilizando una novedosa tendencia del marketing, el marketing experiencial, que permitan que Falabella cree una marcada diferenciación estableciendo relaciones a lo largo del tiempo con los clientes. El marco del proyecto es la industria del retail, por lo que in...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Heitor Frúgoli Jr
2009-12-01
Full Text Available Esse artigo explora, numa perspectiva etnográfica, o alcance do conceito de gentrification com relação às mudanças (e também permanências sociais e urbanas em curso no bairro da Luz, localizado na área central da cidade de São Paulo, situado numa confluência entre processos de preservação patrimonial de instituições culturais, intervenções urbanísticas e um uso histórico por parte de vários grupos provenientes das classes populares. Tais questões serão tratadas com atenção aos seguintes tópicos: políticas locais de intervenção em áreas marcadas pela estigmatização, quando ocupadas predominantemente pelas classes populares; a revisão da oposição "práticas de intervenção" vs. "resistência dos grupos atingidos" (marcadas por certas divisões do ponto de vista analítico; por fim, a busca de definições mais precisas dos termos de comparação com outros casos emblemáticos (evitando perspectivas apriorísticas.Este artículo explora, en una perspectiva etnográfica, el alcance del concepto de gentrification con relación a los cambios (y también permanencias sociales y urbanos en curso en el barrio de la Luz , localizado en la área central de la ciudad de São Paulo, situado en una confluencia entre procesos de preservación patrimonial de instituciones culturales, intervenciones urbanísticas y un uso histórico por parte de varios grupos provenientes de las clases populares. Tales cuestiones serán tratadas con atención a los siguientes tópicos: políticas locales de intervención en áreas marcadas por la estigmatización, cuando ocupadas predominantemente por las clases populares; revisión de la oposición "prácticas de intervención" vs. "resistencia de los grupos afectados" (marcadas por ciertas divisiones del punto de vista analítico; y, por fin, la búsqueda de definiciones más precisas de los términos de comparación con otros casos emblemáticos (evitando perspectivas aprior
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Eye blinking in an avian species is associated with gaze shifts.
Yorzinski, Jessica L
2016-08-30
Even when animals are actively monitoring their environment, they lose access to visual information whenever they blink. They can strategically time their blinks to minimize information loss and improve visual functioning but we have little understanding of how this process operates in birds. This study therefore examined blinking in freely-moving peacocks (Pavo cristatus) to determine the relationship between their blinks, gaze shifts, and context. Peacocks wearing a telemetric eye-tracker were exposed to a taxidermy predator (Vulpes vulpes) and their blinks and gaze shifts were recorded. Peacocks blinked during the majority of their gaze shifts, especially when gaze shifts were large, thereby timing their blinks to coincide with periods when visual information is already suppressed. They inhibited their blinks the most when they exhibited high rates of gaze shifts and were thus highly alert. Alternative hypotheses explaining the link between blinks and gaze shifts are discussed.
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Trends of some wintering waterbirds in Lazio (1993-2006
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Massimo Brunelli
2012-09-01
Full Text Available Since the 90s, censuses of wintering waterfowl have been carried out in the main wetlands of Lazio. We analysed the trends of 31 species in the 1993-2006 period (base year 1993 by means of TRIM (Trends and Indices Monitoring data software (Model 3. Among the species regularly recorded in the region, Ardea alba, Ardea cinerea, Bubulcus ibis and Anser anser showed a strong increase; Podiceps cristatus, Nycticorax nycticorax, Egretta garzetta, Phoenicopterus ruber, Anas penelope, Anas strepera, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas clypeata, Netta rufina, Aythya ferina, Aythya nyroca, Circus aeruginosus, Fulica atra, Pluvialis apricaria and Vanellus vanellus showed a moderate increase; Gavia arctica, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Podiceps nigricollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Aythya fuligula and Numenius arquata resulted “stable”; Botaurus stellaris, Tadorna tadorna, Anas acuta, Pluvialis squatarola and Calidris alpina showed an uncertain trend. The trends for most species are similar to those recorded at a national level.
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Engelbrecht, Andrea; Mörs, Thomas; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Kriwet, Jürgen
2018-01-01
Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, is known for its wealth of fossil remains. This island provides one of the richest fossiliferous Paleogene sequences in the world. Chondrichthyans seemingly dominate this Eocene marine fauna and offer a rare insight into high-latitude faunas during the Palaeogene. So far, only a few isolated teeth of carcharhinid sharks have been reported from Seymour Island. Bulk sampling in the well-exposed La Meseta and Submeseta formations yielded new and abundant chondrichthyan material, including numerous teeth of carcharhinid and triakid sharks. Here, we present a reevaluation of the previously described carcharhinid remains and a description of new taxa: Meridiogaleus cristatus, gen. et sp. nov., Kallodentis rythistemma, gen. et sp. nov., Abdounia richteri, sp. nov., and Abdounia mesetae, sp. nov. The carcharhiniforms Mustelus sp. and Galeorhinus sp. are reported based on rare material, whereas teeth previously assigned to Scoliodon represent a nomen dubium. PMID:29551850
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Papel del frijol negro Phaseolus vulgaris en el estado nutricional de la población guatemalteca
Serrano, José; Goñi, Isabel
2004-01-01
RESUMEN. En Guatemala existe un fenómeno de superposición epidemiológica, en el que coexisten problemas de salud propios de países desarrollados con otros característicos de poblaciones en vías de desarrollo. Se observan deficiencias marcadas en algunos macronutrientes tales como hierro y vitamina A. en simultaneidad con enfermedades crónicas como diabetes tipo II o enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se conoce muy bien la importancia del frijol negro (Phaseolus vulgaris) en la dieta habitual de G...
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Una vida con una válvula: vivencias de una joven operada de corazón
María Correa Rodríguez; José Antonio Gutiérrez Romero; Juan Manuel Martínez Guerrero
2013-01-01
La informante del relato es una joven que tuvo que ser sometida a una intervención quirúrgica a corazón abierto. Este relato biográfico presenta sus vivencias, sentimientos y experiencias a lo largo del proceso, abarcando desde sus estancias hospitalarias, manejo de la enfermedad y situación actual. El objetivo del relato es describir el significado las experiencias relacionadas con la enfermedad que ha desarrollado la joven en las distintas etapas de su vida. Es una historia marcada por el e...
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Alves, Lynn; Neves, Isa Beatriz; Souza, Josemar Rodrigues de
2012-01-01
Los juegos electrónicos se constituyen en los más significativos elementos de la cultura de simulación, marcada por formas de pensamiento no lineares que involucran negociaciones, abren caminos para diferentes estilos cognoscitivos y emocionáis, en los cuales los gamers pueden experimentar distintas situaciones que demandan el ejercicio continuado de habilidades cognoscitivas como: tomada de decisión, planificación, anticipación, resolución de problemas, entre otras. La inmersión en esos locu...
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Contreras Gatica, Yasna; Ala-Louko, Veera; Labbé, Gricel
2015-01-01
La inmigración latinoamericana hacia Chile ha recobrado fuerza en los últimos años, imprimiendo una serie de cambios al menos en los espacios centrales donde muchos inmigrantes inician el proyecto migratorio. En su condición de inmigrante pobre, desplazado de sus localidades por guerras, conflictos civiles, inseguridad, o bien en su afán de progreso, arriban a sitios que hoy imponen nuevas fronteras simbólicas y materiales marcadas por formas exclusionarias y raciales de acceso a la vivienda ...
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Contreras Gatica, Yasna; Ala-Louko, Veera; Labbé, Gricel
2016-01-01
La inmigración latinoamericana hacia Chile ha recobrado fuerza en los últimos años, imprimiendo una serie de cambios al menos en los espacios centrales donde muchos inmigrantes inician el proyecto migratorio. En su condición de inmigrante pobre, desplazado de sus localidades por guerras, conflictos civiles, inseguridad, o bien en su afán de progreso, arriban a sitios que hoy imponen nuevas fronteras simbólicas y materiales marcadas por formas exclusionarias y raciales de acceso a la vivienda ...
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Jorge Luis Gaete
2011-01-01
La primera mitad del siglo XX estuvo marcada por dos acontecimientos que cambiaron para siempre la estructura internacional, la cual se destacaba por diversos factores, como la exacerbación de los nacionalismos, la búsqueda del poder económico y territorial, por las ideologías que buscaban imperar de diversos Estados, entre varios otros. Estos procesos históricos son conocidos como las “Guerras Mundiales”, que provocaron tales consecuencias que a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado po...
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Valenciano Salazar, Jorge Andrey
2012-01-01
Resumen Los medios de vida de las familias productoras de café de altura están ligados a la finca. Esta relación tan marcada (familia – finca) los hace vulnerables a presiones externas que alteran el funcionamiento cotidiano interno de la unidad productiva. Dentro de estas presiones externas se encuentran los bajos precios, efectos climáticos y plagas en el cafetal. El artículo busca identificar los impactos que ejercen dichas presiones sobre los medios de vida de las familias cafetaleras ...
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Adopción internacional: un estudio con el test proyectivo Pata Negra
Ballús Barnils, Elisabeth; Pérez Testor, Carles
2013-01-01
En España, y especialmente en Cataluña, la primera década del siglo XXI ha estado marcada por un incremento excepcional de las adopciones internacionales, configurando así un nuevo modelo de familia y una nueva realidad social. Desde la perspectiva de la salud mental, se inicia ahora una etapa post-adoptiva muy necesitada de investigaciones teóricas y empíricas. Con este trabajo, queremos acercarnos a la realidad interna del niño adoptado utilizando el test proyectivo Pat...
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2015-01-01
"No ha avido en el mundo hombre de sangre cristiana que no creyera [...]" Impreso 2 h. Papel 210x305mm. Conservación mala: hs. muy deterioradas, manchas abundantes, dobleces marcadas, oxidación, bordes envejecidos. Texto en: Castellano. Letra bastarda. Párr. num.: 1-10. Vivas Moreno, Agustín. “Fondos documentales del Archivo Histórico de la Universidad de Salamanca. La colección de Papeles Varios: análisis descriptivo, tesauro y gestión documental automatizada”. Tesis...
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Sobrino Vazquez, Natalia
2014-01-01
En las últimas décadas, la actividad de transporte en España ha aumentado significativamente, y muy notablemente el transporte por carretera. Esto ha provocado algunos problemas energéticos y medioambientales tales como las inestabilidades en el suministro del petróleo o las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) precursoras del calentamiento global. Sin embargo, en los últimos años España ha venido marcada por la crisis económica, afectando al transporte por carretera. El presente es...
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GARCÍA HERRERO, LAURA
2016-01-01
[ES] El trabajo consistirá principalmente en un estudio de la política de reclutamiento utilizada por Innovasem Ingenieros hasta el momento, en el caso de los comerciales, analizando los posibles fallos en el proceso actual. Identificando las características que poseen los empleados que se han incorporado con éxito en el trabajo logrando los objetivos propuestos, así como el personal que no ha cumplido las expectativas marcadas para el puesto. Además de implantar un nuevo sistema de recl...
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Al principio, el fin: “The End” en el preludio de Apocalypse Now
García Escrivá, Vicente
2014-01-01
El desarrollo creativo de Apocalypse Now (Francis Ford Coppola, 1979) estuvo caracterizado por una revisión constante del guión, un rodaje anormalmente extenso y accidentado y una postproducción muy laboriosa y en absoluto convencional. Todo ello propició una marcada metamorfosis respecto del proyecto original de John Milius, inicialmente sustentado en la novela El corazón de las tinieblas de Joseph Conrad y en una serie de ingredientes bélicos tratados desde un prisma psicodélico (Cowie, 200...
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Desafios da radiodifusão sonora na convergência multimídia: o segmento musical jovem
Luiz Artur Ferraretto; UCS/RS
2008-01-01
Este texto faz uma reflexão sobre as origens, o desenvolvimento e as perspectivas do segmento musical jovem nas emissoras de rádio. Parte do papel histórico do veículo na constituição, de início, da categoria social representada pela juventude e, na seqüência, no tratamento desse como público consumidor. Chega-se, assim, ao momento atual, um cenário de multiplicidade de ofertas marcada pela presença da internet e...
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Sustentabilidade na moda e o consumo consciente
Araújo, Mariana Bezerra Moraes de; Broega, A. C.; Ribeiro, Silvana Mota
2014-01-01
ISBN 978-84-697-0700-5 O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a importância da sustentabilidade no âmbito da moda e o aparecimento de um novo consumidor, mais consciente e preocupado com os problemas da humanidade. Neste trabalho, será discutida a dicotomia existente entre a sustentabilidade e a moda, marcada pela efemeridade e por produtos com um ciclo de vida limitado, onde prevalece a indústria Fast Fashion. Paralelamente, observa-se o surgimento de uma nova verten...
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Vivências compartilhadas de filhos separados pela hanseníase no RN a luz da história oral de vida
Cabral, Ana Michele de Farias
2013-01-01
Várias epidemias marcaram a vida das pessoas e coletividades, em todos os períodos históricos, sendo um dos principais exemplos a hanseníase, doença infecto-contagiosa, marcada pelo estigma, preconceito e exclusão social. No passado, o isolamento compulsório dos pacientes portadores de hanseníase causou sérios problemas sociais e psicológicos, resultando no afastamento e na ruptura total ou parcial do vínculo familiar. Os filhos privados desse convívio, retirados muitas vezes de forma desuman...
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Palma Lama, Francisco Martin
2016-01-01
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es diseñar un Modelo de Educación que permita formar ingenieros industriales en Perú que sean capaces de enfrentar los retos modernos de fuerte y sostenido crecimiento económico y social. Las necesidades que se han generado a lo largo de los últimos años llevan a identificar que una gran carencia es el poco dominio del concepto, naturaleza y gestión de un proyecto y la marcada ausencia de habilidades humanas y funcionales al momento de ejercer...
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Los desórdenes depresivos mentales desde la óptica de la medicina tradicional china en occidente
Ramírez Monje, Marlon Javier
2015-01-01
Los síndromes depresivos mentales, diagnosticados o no, constituyen un padecimiento frecuente que afecta los sistemas de salud y será la segunda causa de discapacidad en 2020. La depresión en un padecimiento en el que la persona presenta un estado de animo bajo por causas diversas (Biológicas y Socioambientales) pero con efectos y predisposición individual, que se sostiene en un rango de tiempo y en el que predominan la tristeza desde una intensidad leve hasta una marcada desesperación. Se ...
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Representación de la raza en la publicidad : análisis de "El País Semanal", 1997-2003
Izquierdo Iranzo, Patricia
2004-01-01
El paso de España de país emisor a país receptor de inmigrantes ha propiciado su consideración como nueva sociedad multicultural desde mediados de la década de los noventa. La nueva configuración plantea ineludiblemente la relación del endogrupo y el exogrupo marcada, entre otros aspectos, por las representaciones que las instituciones recrean sobre el otro. Entre todas las fuentes creadoras y reproductoras de imágenes sociales, nos fijamos, dada su función de mediadora, en la estructura medi...
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Majarena Serrano, Urbez; Gil Imaz, Andrés; Lago San José, Marceliano; Galé, Carlos
2017-01-01
La intrusión subvolcánica de Cerro Redondo (Cordillera Ibérica, Zaragoza), de edad Pérmico Inferior, muestra una composición dactíca, una naturaleza calcoalcalina y se caracteriza por presentar una marcada estructuración interna determinada por un bandeado subvertical y d e espaciado variable (1-25 cm), que se encuentra afectado por numerosos pliegues d e flujo magmático de distinta escala (desde centimétrica hasta hectométrica). El estudio cartográfico y de la anisotropia de la susceptib...
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Descentralizar, contractualizar: el nuevo marco de la gobernanza multiniveles
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luis Arturo de la Torre Sendoya
2017-11-01
Full Text Available Este artículo propone un análisis de la trayectoria inicial de la descentralización en Colombia marcada por la afirmación del ámbito local a través de la noción de autonomía, y una reflexión prospectiva en la nueva etapa que se abre con el posconflicto, en la que se impone una gobernanza territorial multiniveles más inclusiva para el buen manejo del desarrollo regional utilizando el nuevo instrumento de acción pública, Contrato Plan.
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Ana Maria Chiarini
2012-01-01
A proposta deste trabalho é evidenciar a função transculturadora exercida por trabalhadoras migrantes na Itália contemporânea, vista como espaço da diáspora, nos romances Apri le porte all'alba (1999), de Elena Gianini Belotti, e L'indecenza (2008), de Elvira Seminara. Essas personagens sociais - participantes de trocas interculturais e intercorporais - vêm se tornando personagens literárias e, embora reduzidas a não-pessoas ou marcadas por um pretenso núcleo étnico essencial, ativam as força...
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Santos, J.; Grueso, E.; Trujillo-Cayado, L.A.
2016-01-01
El aprendizaje de la formulación y nomenclatura química a nivel universitario resulta cada vez menos estimulante para los estudiantes de primer curso, que además poseen marcadas deficiencias tanto en el nivel inicial de conocimientos como en las destrezas asociadas a dicha materia. Esto hecho trae como consecuencia problemas de motivación y de interés por la asignatura y, más concretamente, porlas clases de seminarios. Con el fin de mejorar la participación en clase de seminarios de formulaci...
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Arango Henriet, Michel Alonso; Aguirre García, Miguel Alejandro
2010-01-01
ResumenPaciente canino mestizo de 4 años de edad que llega a consulta a la clínica veterinaria los Galgos Premium por inapetencia, presentando una macidez marcada en la región gástrica, mesogástrica y flanco izquierdo.AbstracMongrel canine patient 4 years of ag who arrived at the veterinary clinic consultation for Greyhounds Premium by inappetence, presenting a marked macidez in the gastric region, and mesogástric left flank, with presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity and paraclinical cha...
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Sánchez, Pamela; Illapa, Luis; Vásquez, Pablo
2011-01-01
El presente proyecto es de inversión, desarrollo económico y plan estratégico de marketing de un paradero restaurante en la vía Latacunga Salcedo Ambato. Este estudio permite establecer una alternativa de progreso mediante la creación de un paradero, contribuyendo al crecimiento del sector mediante la generación de empleo. Por otro lado es importante señalar que existe una marcada tendencia por parte del Gobierno Nacional, Ministerio de Turismo y demás entidades gubernamentales sabiendo los b...
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Spec, IP ou deslocado?: Prós e contras das duas análises dos sujeitos pré-verbais
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
COSTA João
2001-01-01
Full Text Available O objectivo deste artigo é apresentar argumentos que mostram que as duas análises dos sujeitos pré-verbais em Português Europeu, como movidos para Spec, IP ou deslocados à esquerda, não se excluem necessariamente. São apresentados vários argumentos mostrando que, em frases declarativas simples contextualmente não-marcadas, a análise tradicional, de acordo com a qual os sujeitos são deslocados para Spec, IP, não encontra alguns problemas identificados para a análise alternativa.
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Trabajo femenino y brecha de ingresos por género en Venezuela.
Genny Zuñiga; María Beatriz Orlando
2001-01-01
Este trabajo estudia la situación de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo venezolano en cuanto a su participación y el nivel de ingreso laboral obtenido. En la evolución de la participación de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo destaca la importancia de la edad, situación conyugal, nivel educativo, fecundidad y área de residencia como factores determinantes de la misma. Existen diferencias de ingreso medio entre hombres y mujeres, favorables a los primeros, que son más marcadas en el sector infor...
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Capacitación política para mujeres: género y cambio social en la Argentina actual
Maffía, Diana Helena; Kuschnir, Clara; Archenti, Nélida; Clementi, Hebe; Feijoó, María del Carmen; García Frinchaboy, Mónica; González, Carmen; Heller, Lidia; Henault, Mirta
1994-01-01
Los artículos que componen este libro recogen en gran parte el contenido del “Programa Interdisciplinario de Formación Política para Mujeres”, desarrollado durante 1992 en el Museo Roca, con auspicio del Centro de Estudios Avanzados de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El proyecto de realizar un programa de capacitación que reuniera mujeres académicas y mujeres políticas, de diversas disciplinas y vertientes ideológicas, con una marcada perspectiva de género, surgió mientras se discutía la ley ...
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Narrativas de la postmemoria en Argentina y Chile: la casa revisitada
Logie, Ilse; Willem, Bieke
2016-01-01
En los últimos años han ido surgiendo, tanto en Argentina como en Chile, narrativas autobiográficas sobre las respectivas dictaduras escritas por la generación de los ‘hijos’ (término que no se refiere exclusivamente a los vínculos parentales, sino también a los hijos simbólicos, cuya infancia o adolescencia estuvo marcada por la experiencia dictatorial). Esta literatura se distingue de la producción anterior por formular una respuesta matizada a la herencia de los 70 (y los 80) y por cuestio...
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TERRITORIALIDADES SUPERPUESTAS, SOBERANÍA EN DISPUTA: LECCIONES EMPÍRICAS DESDE AMÉRICA LATINA
John Agnew; Ulrich Oslender
2010-01-01
Debates recientes en geografía política han cuestionado la soberanía idealizada del Estado-nación como rígidamente vinculada a la noción de una territorialidad transparente marcada en el espacio por fronteras establecidas. La soberanía no necesita asumir esta forma particular. En este artículo proponemos la noción de «territorialidades superpuestas» para analizar la intersección de fuentes de autoridad territorial, diferentes de la autoridad del Estado-nación. Examinaremos cómo la disputa del...
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Agenda digital: e-Servicios sociales
Munuera Gómez, Pilar
2016-01-01
Se presentan las líneas marcadas por la Agenda Digital Europea que pueden incorporarse en el sistema público de servicios sociales a través de la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC). Los objetivos marcados en sus planes pretenden mejorar las relaciones de los ciudadanos con las diferentes administraciones públicas. Los sistemas de protección social (seguridad social, educación, sanidad y empleo) han iniciado este proceso alcanzado grandes mejoras en ...
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Orientación al mercado y desempeño organizativo en los clústeres de servicios de salud
Amezquita Salazar, Juan Carlos
2017-01-01
Adam y Savigny (2012) plantean que la salud y otros sistemas sociales han sido descritos como sistemas adaptativos complejos, que se ajustan de manera dinámica, y a veces impredecibles, a los cambios dentro del propio sistema o en el contexto en el que operan. Esto ha llevado a que el sector de la salud, en su dinámica de crecimiento y búsqueda de competitividad, siga la tendencia que ha sido marcada desde un principio por las empresas de fabricación de bienes, buscando organizarse en concent...
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Propuesta de Acción Horizontal de Igualdad de Género en el CSIC
Presidencia del CSIC
2009-01-01
El CSIC manifiesta su voluntad de poner en práctica actuaciones específicas que aseguren la equidad real y efectiva de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres dentro de la Institución. Estas actuaciones seguirán las directrices marcadas por la estrategia Marco Comunitaria de “Transversalidad en Medidas de Género” (TMG) (gendermainstreaming) así como las medidas para favorecer la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres recogidas en el acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros de 4 de marzo de 2005 (B.O.E. 8 ...
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J. Mantilla; M. Pulido; J. Jaime
2010-01-01
Las infecciones originadas por bacterias del género Salmonella son una de las principales causas de pérdidas económicas en la industria avícola, se caracterizan generalmente por la presentación de cuadros diarreicos y septicémicos que llevan a las aves a una marcada disminución en la producción y a la muerte. En Colombia, debido al efecto negativo que produce Salmonella spp. en las aves, y con el objetivo de poder controlar la enfermedad, se utiliza una gran variedad de productos antimicrobia...
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Mantilla, J.; Pulido, M.; Jaime, J.
2010-01-01
Las infecciones originadas por bacterias del género Salmonella son una de las principales causas de pérdidas económicas en la industria avícola, se caracterizan generalmente por la presentación de cuadros diarreicos y septicémicos que llevan a las aves a una marcada disminución en la producción y a la muerte. En Colombia, debido al efecto negativo que produce Salmonella spp. en las aves, y con el objetivo de poder controlar la enfermedad, se utiliza una gran variedad de product...
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Del cerebro a la palma de la mano: el viaje de la memoria en el siglo XXI.
Canavilhas, João; Kolankowska, Małgorzata
2014-01-01
El objetivo del artículo es buscar relaciones entre el desarrollo de los smartphones y la memoria. En la primera parte se presentan las características de la época posmoderna, marcada por la aceleración y la liquidez de las relaciones interpersonales, así como la idea de la sociedad en red. A continuación se explica el concepto de la memoria en diferentes contextos: biológico, sociológico y periodístico. Se pone hincapié en los estudios de la memoria colectiva, digital, globita...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Affonso E. Reidy
2017-06-01
Full Text Available En las proximidades de Río de Janeiro, y enclavada en una zona residencial, poblada de árboles, se encuentra esta vivienda. Como fue construida en un terreno de marcada pendiente, se ha aprovechado el desnivel para procurar un movimiento de planos, airoso y ágil, a la vez que para elevar unos pilotes lisos sobre los que apoya el forjado de la zona representativa, de modo que resulta como un mirador avanzado sobre las copas de la masa verde, las montañas y el mar, al fondo.
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Nadia Salti; Gabriel Domínguez; Pedro V. Munuera; José Manuel Castillo; Cristina Algaba
2013-01-01
El Juanete de Sastre es una deformidad adquirida que afecta al quinto metatarsiano y quinto dedo del pie. Se caracteriza por una prominencia lateral en la cabeza del quinto metatarsiano, con una marcada desviación medial del quinto dedo y una desviación lateral del V metatarsiano. De origen multifactorial, hablamos de una etiología micro traumática influida por posturas viciosas en dinámica, estática o sedente, por la influencia del calzado y la presencia de alteraciones biomecánicas de la ex...
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Responsabilidad civil derivada de la inclusión indebida en un registro de morosos
Lagunas Reyes, Lucia
2014-01-01
El presente trabajo se aborda con motivo de la reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Civil) núm. 176/2013, de 6 marzo. Avanzando en la línea marcada por sentencias precedentes, el Tribunal Supremo declara que “la inclusión de datos personales en un registro de morosos por una deuda dudosa vulnera el derecho al honor”. La citada sentencia del Tribunal Supremo asume como propia la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo ya consolidada, según la cual la inclusión incorrecta de datos en u...
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Jorge Bermúdez
2014-01-01
Introducción: Los ritmos biológicos se ajustan a ciclos ambientales como la luz y la oscuridad, la mayoría de estos ritmos se mantienen con un caracter circadiano. El hecho de haberse adaptado a un planeta con características periódicas tan marcadas seguramente imprimió en el genoma de los organismos mas primitivos mecanismos cronobiológicos tan exitosos que se han mantenido hasta nuestros días. La desincronizacion del ritmo de sueño-vigilia que sucede en los trabajadores nocturnos y en turno...
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Subtitulación inversa de un documental científico divulgativo
Jobst Soler, Angelo
2017-01-01
La importancia del estudio del campo traductológico sigue siendo un tema candente y que presenta una amplia variedad de reflexiones teóricas. Mediante este análisis de carácter interdisciplinario sobre las disciplinas de la traducción audiovisual, la traducción inversa y la traducción científico-técnica se pretende mostrar tanto las estrategias a seguir para realizar una traducción inversa o científica (equivalencia, adaptación, traducción literal, etc.) como las convenciones marcadas en el c...
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Previsivelmente incoerente: Uma análise preliminar da política externa de Donald Trump
Vinha, Luís da
2017-01-01
A eleição de Donald Trump tomou o mundo de surpresa. Trump venceu as eleições presidenciais americanas apresentando um programa de política externa com um forte sentimento de afiliação nacional. Muitos estados aliados e comentadores estão preocupados com o facto de que Trump possa encetar uma inversão temporária do internacionalismo tradicional americano ou mesmo hipotecar a ordem liberal global. Os primeiros meses da presidência Trump evidenciam uma política externa marcada pela incoerência....
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Luciane Prado Kantorski; Graciette Borges da Silva
2000-01-01
O presente artigo aborda o ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem das universidades públicas do Rio Grande do Sul. Utiliza-se como instrumento fundamentalmente os programas das disciplinas da área, sendo os dados complementados com o depoimento de professores e alunos dos cursos. As disciplinas da área são marcadas pelo enfoque do normal e do patológico no transcorrer do ciclo vital, centradas na psicopatologia e na instituição psiquiátrica.El p...
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O ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental: um olhar a partir dos programas das disciplinas
Kantorski, Luciane Prado; Silva, Graciette Borges da
2000-01-01
O presente artigo aborda o ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem das universidades públicas do Rio Grande do Sul. Utiliza-se como instrumento fundamentalmente os programas das disciplinas da área, sendo os dados complementados com o depoimento de professores e alunos dos cursos. As disciplinas da área são marcadas pelo enfoque do normal e do patológico no transcorrer do ciclo vital, centradas na psicopatologia e na instituição psiquiátrica. ...
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Beceiro, Sagrario
2012-01-01
Desde la publicación, en el año 1989, de la primera Directiva Televisión sin fronteras (TSF) en Europa, la legislación sobre contenidos audiovisuales (programas y servicios) en el ámbito de la Unión Europea (UE) ha estado marcada por emergentes directrices políticas (liberalismo, desregulación y re-regulación) y avatares de la evolución del mercado. En la búsqueda del equilibrio legislativo, aspirando a no quedar rezagada ni adelantarse respecto a los acontecimientos del sector, la Directiva ...
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Lopes, Policarpo
1997-01-01
Os movimentos turísticos são um dos eixos centrais do relacionamento entre povos, culturas e países. O turista é simultaneamente importador e exportador de bens e de influências. O turismo pode ser definido como a procura colectiva da alteridade social, marcada pelo prazer, pela diversão e descompressão, centrada na abertura e na descoberta do "Mundo" e do "outro". Ao longo dos tempos foram as "mirabilia" da natureza, da História e do sobrenatural que mobilizaram os homens a viajar na des...
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Antimilitaristas y libertarias : La postura de las mujeres anarquistas ante el militarismo
Manzoni, Gisela
2009-01-01
La historia del siglo XX ha estado marcada por un sinnúmero de conflictos armados. Su saldo en vidas es incalculable, las pérdidas materiales exorbitantes, han ocasionado desplazamientos de poblaciones, aniquilamientos culturales y la destrucción de buena parte de nuestro planeta. Dos Guerras Mundiales, una Guerra Fría y una montonera de conflictos menores entre dos países, entre más de dos, o en el interior de ellos, han atravesado al mundo en esos años. En su mayoría, no han afectado de ...
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Ramírez Cardona , Carmen Adriana
2012-01-01
La presente investigación tiene como propósito: 1) Determinar cuáles son las teorías organizacionales y administrativas presentes en el quehacer del directivo docente; 2) Determinar la relación de dichas teorías con la calidad de la educación y 3) Proponer lineamientos desde las teorías organizacionales y administrativas para el mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación. Con los resultados obtenidos, se evidencia una marcada influencia de las teorías organizacionales y administrativas...
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DISCRIMINACION ETNICA EN RELATOS DE LA EXPERIENCIA ESCOLAR MAPUCHE EN PANGUIPULLI (CHILE)
Poblete S,María Pía
2003-01-01
El propósito de este artículo es indagar en las percepciones y valoraciones de la experiencia escolar en un contexto interétnico. Presentamos información proveniente de 30 relatos sobre la educación y la experiencia escolar de personas mapuches de la precordillera de la Comuna de Panguipulli. Los resultados nos muestran que las experiencias en la escuela estuvieron marcadas por la discriminación étnica en la mayoría de los entrevistados. La discriminación se vivió en la interacción con profes...
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Mattei, Juliana Flávia
2010-01-01
Como efeito negativo da sociedade marcada pelo desenvolvimento industrial a qualquer preço, especialmente decorrente do revés processo histórico de desativação de indústrias, surgiram no espaço urbano extensas áreas abandonadas suspeitas ou efetivamente contaminadas. Estas áreas são denominadas brownfields, e podem ser encontradas em praticamente todos os países industrializados ou em processo intenso de industrialização, em qualquer dos Continentes. Mostra-se relevante perceber a situação at...
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Seclén Neyra, Eloy
2013-01-01
El presente informe de tesis abordará el fenómeno de las nuevas universidades privadas, surgidas en nuestro país durante la década de los noventa. Este incremento de alternativas para acceder a la educación superior ha generado un sentido común de avance significativo en cuanto a las oportunidades de movilidad social para los jóvenes de clase media que acceden a aquellas. Sin embargo, observamos que este incremento cuantitativo ha ocasionado más bien una segmentación muy marcada del mercado p...
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EL (MUY) NUEVO TRAJE DEL EMPERADOR: EL LIBRO-ALBUM EN LA LIJ ACTUAL
cabrera, Roberto
2012-01-01
Los textos literarios para niños han existido desde tiempos inmemoriales, aunque su presencia en el imaginario de la literatura universal esté marcada por las compilaciones de textos de raíz folclórica, registradas primero en Francia, a finales del siglo XVII, de la mano de Charles Perrault y luego en Alemania a mediados del XIX, por medio de los hermanos Grimm. El hito que suponen estas colecciones constituye, en lo concreto, un marco para las dinámicas y prácticas escriturales de quienes or...
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PABLO CARDOSO: UN GIRO ÉTICO Y POLÍTICO DE SU ESTÉTICA
Suárez Moreno, Cecilia
2016-01-01
PABLO CARDOSO: AN ETHICAL AND POLITICAL SPIN OF HIS AESTHETICResumen: Pablo Cardoso (Cuenca, 1965), artista contemporáneo cuya excelsa obra estuvo hasta ahora marcada por el escepticismo y una estética contemplativa, adopta un giro ético y político que, sin adherir a tesis alguna de ningún partido ni movimiento políticos, revela las contradicciones de la lógica del capital, particularmente del modelo extractivista, que contamina, agrede y destruye muchas formas de vida. Este giro ético y polí...
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Efron, Adriana M.; Moscoloni, María A.; Reijtman, Vanesa R.; Regueira, Mabel
2013-01-01
La introducción de la vacuna contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b en los programas de inmunización de muchos países produjo una reducción marcada en la incidencia de enfermedad invasiva causada por este serotipo y en su portación y un incremento de otros tipos capsulares y de aislamientos no capsulados. Se estudiaron 313 aislamientos de H. influenzae recuperados de sitio estéril, provenientes de pacientes pediátricos y adultos con enfermedad invasiva atendidos en 90 hospitales de la Red Nacio...
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Bedoya Guerrero, Patricia
2003-01-01
La sexualidad es un tema que en la actualidad todavía parece manejarse como un tabú. Para ello han contribuido: la marcada exacerbación que se da en los medios de comunicación, y la constante fetichización del sexo, al igual que los cambios de mentalidad provocados por el avance d las ciencias y de las tecnologías. Los medios, las represiones, las informaciones veladas parecen enfrentarse con la abundante proliferación informativa respecto al sexo y la sexualidad que circula en cualqu...
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Estimación del potencial de energías renovables en el estado de Sonora
Jorge Luis Taddei Bringas; María de los Ángeles Navarrete Hinojosa; Pablo Daniel Taddei Arriola; Rafael Cabanillas López.
2016-01-01
La etapa de uso de combustibles fósiles está llegando a su fin, debido principalmente a la escasez y problemas de contaminación que originan. En la actualidad existe una marcada tendencia en aprovechar las fuentes renovables de energía, por su bajo impacto ambiental y menor emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), lo cual contribuye a independizar las políticas energéticas locales de las del mercado global, basadas en la supremacía petrolera. Para obtener el mayor provecho de las energía...
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Anghel, Anamaría Andreea
2015-01-01
La arquitectura es un reflejo directo de la cultura, siempre cambiando, con el fin de adaptarse a las necesidades de la época. La sociedad china sufrió cambios inesperados, a lo largo de los fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, marcada por las invasiones de los poderes occidentales, La Primera y La Segunda Guerras Mundiales, rebeliones, derrumbes de viejos regímenes y de la fundación de la Nueva China en 1949. En comparación con China, Japón se enfrenta a constantes problemas de terremoto...
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Gabriel Fábrica; Iliana Peña; Valentina Silva-Pereyra; Virginia Ramos-Arim
2018-01-01
Introducción. Los pacientes con amputación de miembros inferiores presentan marcadas asimetrías en la marcha, las cuales pueden aumentar cuando no se cumple con un adecuado proceso de rehabilitación, comprometiendo los objetivos fundamentales de la marcha e incrementando factores de riesgo. Objetivo. Analizar el grado de aprovechamiento de energía mecánica, la estabilidad dinámica y las variables cinemáticas de interés clínico en la marcha de un paciente con amputación transfemoral que no...
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González Álvarez, David; González, Pablo Alonso
2014-01-01
Este estudio analiza procesos contemporáneos de cambio cultural en dos áreas rurales del Noroeste de España. Ambas estuvieron habitadas por grupos sociales con una marcada identidad cultural que ha dejado su impronta en la cultura material: los vaqueiros d'alzada y los maragatos. Mediante una metodología arqueológica se analizan las casas de tres pueblos en cada caso de estudio, desvelando cómo la materialidad juega un papel fundamental en los procesos de cambio cultural. En líneas generales,...
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Nosocomios higienistas: el caso Florence Nightingale
Castro Molina, Francisco Javier
2013-01-01
Los impresionantes cambios surgidos tras el inicio de la Revolución Industrial ayudaron a que de manera reiterada se buscaran soluciones a los diferentes problemas que se sucedían, uno tras de otro, como resultado del hacinamiento y las modificaciones sociopolíticas y económicas. Los avances en el campo de la ciencia, y en particular en las ciencias de la salud, fueron innumerables, estableciéndose en la sociedad una preocupación marcada por solucionar los problemas de las clases más desfavor...
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Cuadra, Dante Edin
2016-01-01
En el Norte de Argentina se encuentran las mayores extensiones de bosques nativos del país. Se trata de un ámbito subtropical con marcadas variaciones pluviométricas, resultantes de la dinámica atmosférica, los tipos y disposiciones del relieve y la distancia al mar, factores que han posibilitado el desarrollo de formaciones vegetales diferenciadas como las selvas de riberas y mesetas en el Este, los bosques húmedos y xerófilos en el centro y las selvas serranas en el Oeste. Las primeras ...
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Polo Luque, M.D.
2013-01-01
En los últimos años, se ha desarrollado una marcada tendencia hacia la creación, optimización y mejora de nuevos materiales, que han sido incorporados y utilizados en una amplia variedad de procesos analíticos. En este sentido, la mayor atención se ha centrado en la creación de nuevos nanomateriales. Desde su descubrimiento en 1991 [1] los nanotubos de carbono (CNTs), así como sus derivados híbridos se han ido incorporando, gracias a sus excelentes propiedades, a multitud de aplicaciones en d...
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Asok Kumar, M; Kumar, Deepak; Palanivelu, Munuswamy; Annamalai, Latchumikanthan; Mathesh, Karikalan; Singh, Rajendra; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Dhama, Kuldeep
2018-03-26
Endoparasitic diseases are commonly encountered in free-ranging birds. Although not all endoparasites cause disease, persistent infection with large numbers of parasites almost always affects normal physiological functions, leading to deleterious effects on the host. This paper describes the anatomopathological alterations caused by the renal trematode Paratanaisia bragai in Indian peafowl (n = 3) and examines the phylogeny of these and related parasites. Peafowl from forests in and around the Bareilly region, Uttar Pradesh, India, were necropsied, and microscopic and molecular investigations were performed. The peafowl were confirmed to be infected with P. bragai. Significant gross pathological lesions suggested nephrosis, and microscopic findings indicated a mild-to-moderate degree of nephrosis caused by the parasites in the tissue. The parasites were identified as P. bragai by histomorphological analysis of adult and eggs in the ureters, and the identification was confirmed by PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products from the renal trematodes recovered from Indian peafowl revealed a close association with P. bragai from Columbiformes in the United Kingdom and Spain. The pathology and molecular epidemiology of parasitic diseases affecting peafowl is not well understood in India. This is the first report from India and the second report worldwide to document P. bragai infection in peafowl.
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Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Mikulíček, P.; Crnobrnja-Isailović, J.; Piálek, Jaroslav
2007-01-01
Roč. 28, č. 4 (2007), s. 467-474 ISSN 0173-5373 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/01/0695; GA MŠk LC06073 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : crested newt * microsatelitte markers Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 0.929, year: 2007
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Mohanty, Suman Sundar; Prakash, Soam
2010-09-01
Out of seven fungal species belonging to four genera isolated from pond and wallow soils using feathers of Pavo cristatus as bait, four species viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium and Trichophyton ajelloi were most frequent. Chrysosporium and Trichophyton spp. were more pathogenic on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae than Aspergillus and Penicillium. The bioefficacy tests conducted as per the protocol of World Health Organization and the LC(50) values calculated by the Probit analysis showed that 3(rd)-instar C. quinquefasciatus were more susceptible to the conidia of above fungi. Highest mortality was observed in the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus when exposed to T. ajelloi. The density of fungal conidia was greatest on the ventral brush, palmate hair and anal region of the mosquito larvae after exposing for 72 hours. The potentiality of these fungi for use in the control of C. quinquefasciatus is discussed which can be exploited as a suitable biocontrol agent in the tropics.
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Noise pollution has limited effects on nocturnal vigilance in peahens
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jessica L. Yorzinski
2016-09-01
Full Text Available Natural environments are increasingly exposed to high levels of noise pollution. Noise pollution can alter the behavior of animals but we know little about its effects on antipredator behavior. We therefore investigated the impact of noise pollution on vigilance behavior and roost selection in an avian species, peafowl (Pavo cristatus, that inhabits urban environments. Captive peahens were exposed to noise pollution at night and their vigilance levels and roost selections were monitored. The vigilance levels of peahens were unaffected by exposure to noise pollution within trials. Furthermore, the peahens exhibited no preference for roosting farther or closer to noise pollution. Interestingly, predators often avoided the experimental area during nights with noise pollution, which could explain why vigilance rates were higher overall during control compared to noise trials. The results suggest that peahens’ perception of risk is not drastically impacted by noise pollution but longer-term studies will be necessary to assess any chronic effects.
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Noise pollution has limited effects on nocturnal vigilance in peahens.
Yorzinski, Jessica L; Hermann, Fredrick S
2016-01-01
Natural environments are increasingly exposed to high levels of noise pollution. Noise pollution can alter the behavior of animals but we know little about its effects on antipredator behavior. We therefore investigated the impact of noise pollution on vigilance behavior and roost selection in an avian species, peafowl ( Pavo cristatus ), that inhabits urban environments. Captive peahens were exposed to noise pollution at night and their vigilance levels and roost selections were monitored. The vigilance levels of peahens were unaffected by exposure to noise pollution within trials. Furthermore, the peahens exhibited no preference for roosting farther or closer to noise pollution. Interestingly, predators often avoided the experimental area during nights with noise pollution, which could explain why vigilance rates were higher overall during control compared to noise trials. The results suggest that peahens' perception of risk is not drastically impacted by noise pollution but longer-term studies will be necessary to assess any chronic effects.
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ORNITHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE VÂLCELE BASIN DURING FEBRUARY 2013 – JANUARY 2014
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adrian Mestecăneanu
2014-06-01
Full Text Available In this paper are showed the results of the researches performed during February 2013 – January 2014 on the avifauna from the Vâlcele Basin. The 65 observed species belong to 13 orders, Passeriformes being the richest (33 species. Anseriformes and Charadriiformes (each with 7 species were the best represented among the wetland birds. 5 species (Podiceps cristatus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Anas platyrhynchos, Fulica atra, and Larus argentatus cachinnans/michahellis were euconstant and 2 species (Anas platyrhynchos and Fulica atra were eudominant. Anas platyrhynchos counted most individuals in a month in December; in July were no individuals. Fulica atra had the most number in September; it was absent in May. For the Vâlcele Basin avicoenose, Anseriformes and Gruiformes were the overdominat orders and, inside the Anseriformes order, Anas platyrhynchos was overdominant species. 7 species (Egretta alba, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ciconia ciconia, Chlidonias hybridus, Alcedo atthis, Picus canus, and Lanius collurio are in the Annex I of the Birds Directive.
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Amphibian recovery after a decrease in acidic precipitation.
Dolmen, Dag; Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Skei, Jon Kristian
2018-04-01
We here report the first sign of amphibian recovery after a strong decline due to acidic precipitation over many decades and peaking around 1980-90. In 2010, the pH level of ponds and small lakes in two heavily acidified areas in southwestern Scandinavia (Aust-Agder and Østfold in Norway) had risen significantly at an (arithmetic) average of 0.14 since 1988-89. Parallel with the general rise in pH, amphibians (Rana temporaria, R. arvalis, Bufo bufo, Lissotriton vulgaris, and Triturus cristatus) had become significantly more common: the frequency of amphibian localities rose from 33% to 49% (n = 115), and the average number of amphibian species per locality had risen from 0.51 to 0.88. In two other (reference) areas, one with better buffering capacity (Telemark, n = 21) and the other with much less input of acidic precipitation (Nord-Trøndelag, n = 106), there were no significant changes in pH or amphibians.
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Artificial light pollution increases nocturnal vigilance in peahens.
Yorzinski, Jessica L; Chisholm, Sarah; Byerley, Sydney D; Coy, Jeanee R; Aziz, Aisyah; Wolf, Jamie A; Gnerlich, Amanda C
2015-01-01
Artificial light pollution is drastically changing the sensory environments of animals. Even though many animals are now living in these changed environments, the effect light pollution has on animal behavior is poorly understood. We investigated the effect of light pollution on nocturnal vigilance in peahens (Pavo cristatus). Captive peahens were exposed to either artificial lighting or natural lighting at night. We employed a novel method to record their vigilance behavior by attaching accelerometers to their heads and continuously monitoring their large head movements. We found that light pollution significantly increases nocturnal vigilance in peahens. Furthermore, the birds faced a trade-off between vigilance and sleep at night: peahens that were more vigilant spent less time sleeping. Given the choice, peahens preferred to roost away from high levels of artificial lighting but showed no preference for roosting without artificial lighting or with low levels of artificial lighting. Our study demonstrates that light pollution can have a substantial impact on animal behavior that can potentially result in fitness consequences.
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Histórias de vida marcadas por humilhação, assédio moral e adoecimento no trabalho
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vanderléia de Lurdes Dal Castel Schlindwein
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o relato de vivências de humilhação e de sofrimento de trabalhadoras que participaram de um grupo terapêutico com histórias de adoecimento no trabalho. O estudo de caráter qualitativo propôs-se desenvolver encontros em grupo fundamentado na proposta de Barros (1997 na constituição de grupos terapêuticos como dispositivo analítico. A discussão fundamenta-se nos relatos de trabalhadoras com histórias de humilhação, constrangimento e sentimentos nutridos de ressentimento vivenciados no trabalho. A análise das histórias de vida no trabalho mostra que, no caso dessas trabalhadoras, as habilidades, a criatividade e a dedicação ao trabalho foram sendo obstruídas pelas situações desqualificantes da submissão à chefia e da falta de autonomia, situações que levaram a uma maior exposição aos riscos de adoecimento no trabalho. Com a capacidade produtiva limitada, a trabalhadora torna-se alvo frequente de situações de humilhação e constrangimento - compondo um quadro de assédio moral no trabalho.
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Translocação de bactérias marcadas com Tc99 na icterícia obstrutiva em ratos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alencar Suelene Suassuna Silvestre de
2002-01-01
Full Text Available Estudo realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a translocação bacteriana (TB do tubo gastrointestinal para órgãos viscerais na icterícia obstrutiva. Quatro grupos de ratos foram estudados: grupo I (n=10 ligadura do colédoco, grupo II (n=10 controle ou "sham operation", grupo III (n=12 ligadura do colédoco e gavagem com 99mTc-Escherichia coli e grupo IV (n=5 controle ou "sham operation" e gavagem com 99mTc-E.coli. Usando técnica asséptica e sob anestesia com pentobarbital sódico (20mg/kg, os animais foram submetidos à laparotomia e nos ratos dos grupos I e III foi realizada ligadura do colédoco com fio de seda nº 000. Nos ratos dos grupos II e IV foi feita apenas a manipulação do colédoco com pinça de Adison. Após sete dias, os animais dos grupos I e II foram mortos e ressecados fígado, baço, linfonodos mesentéricos e pulmões para exame microbiológico (meios Agar-sangue e Agar Mac Conkey e exame histopatológico (coloração H.E. e Tricrômico de Masson por análise morfométrica. Nos animais dos grupos III e IV, após sete dias, foi administrada por via oral (gavagem 99mTc-E.coli e após 24h, os ratos de ambos os grupos foram mortos e seus órgãos retirados para contagem da radioatividade em cintilador automático Gama, modelo ANSR (ABBOT. O nível médio de bilirrubina, nos grupos ictéricos, foi significantemente maior do que o do grupo controle. O estudo microbiológico revelou maior incidência de bactérias translocadas no grupo I, comparada ao controle (p< 0,05. Os resultados não mostraram diferença significante na captação da 99mTc-E.coli entre os dois grupos. Porém, a análise das interações grupo x órgão mostrou diferença entre os grupos ictérico e controle para os órgãos: fígado e pulmão. Os dados permitem concluir que em ratos ictéricos por ligadura do colédoco ocorreu TB detectável por exame microbiológico. Não ocorreu TB com 99mTc-E. coli no modelo proposto.
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CALIDAD DEL AGUA DE LAS MICRO-CUENCAS DE MEMBRILLO DEL EMBALSE SIXTO DURÁN BALLÉN
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Verónica Dayana Espinel Pino
2012-12-01
Full Text Available El objetivo consistió en determinar la calidad del agua de la microcuenca de Membrillo en función de su uso, para lo cual se realizaron análisis físico-químicos y microbiológicos. Las muestras se tomaron en las comunidades de: Camachal, Chapulí 1, Chapulí 2, Las Lisas, Dos Bocas y Membrillo (Estero Mulato y Las Minas en parte alta, media y baja. Entre los físicos estuvieron: pH, conductividad, temperatura, color, turbidez, sólidos totales y sólidos suspendidos; los químicos: dureza total, cloruro, alcalinidad, nitrito, fosfato y DBO5; y los microbiológicos: coliformes totales y fecales.. En cada una de ellas se subdividió. Para establecer el grado de contaminación, se utilizó la metodología ICA (Índice de Calidad del Agua. El grado de contaminación no presenta una influencia marcada de ningún sitio en particular, ni tampoco en función de sus partes dentro de cada lugar; sin embargo, si hubo una marcada diferencia en la contaminación del agua al analizarla según su uso, ya que como abastecimiento público se requiere una mayor necesidad de tratamiento a diferencia del uso industrial y agrícola que no requiere tratamiento para su utilización. En las condiciones actuales los habitantes de los sitios en estudio no deben consumir el agua sin un tratamiento previo.
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Coexistencia de acromegaloidismo y cáncer de pulmón
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Graciela Stalldecker
2010-06-01
Full Text Available El acromegaloidismo es una entidad en la cual se encuentran presentes algunos rasgos acromegálicos sin evidencia bioquímica de hipersecreción de hormona de crecimiento (GH, siendo la resistencia insulínica una de las posibles etiologías. Se presenta un paciente con rasgos acromegálicos, proceso neoplásico en pulmón izquierdo, acantosis nigricans (AN generalizada y marcada resistencia a la insulina (IR. Se descartó acromegalia ante la presencia de una IGF1 normal y GH < 1 ng/ml a los 120 min en el test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (TTOG. La acantosis nigricans puede presentarse como síndrome paraneoplásico (SPN o puede estar asociada a enfermedad benigna en la cual está involucrada la insulinorresistencia (IR. El acrome-galoidismo está descripto en pacientes con IR grave como el caso que estamos presentando, postulándose que niveles muy elevados de insulina podrían estimular el crecimiento tisular o acral actuando a través del receptor de insulina que conservaría el mecanismo de mediar efectos anabólicos, o alternativamente a través del receptor de IGF1. No encontramos en la literatura la presencia de acromegaloidismo como SPN. En conclusión, presentamos un paciente con IR grave, pseudoacromegalia y AN, coexistiendo con un cáncer de pulmón. Tanto el acromegaloidismo como la AN parecen ser consecuencia de la marcada hiperinsulinemia. Aún así, no podemos descartar que la AN pudiera corresponder a un SPN.
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As classes verbais da língua Paresi (Aruák
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Ana Paula Barros Brandão
Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as classes de verbos em Paresi, uma língua Aruák, falada por aproximadamente 3.000 pessoas no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Em Paresi, os verbos são classificados como intransitivos, transitivos e bitransitivos. Em geral, verbos intransitivos em línguas Aruák são subclassificados em intransitivos ativos e intransitivos estativos. A divisão no grupo de intransitivos é morfologicamente marcada, já que sujeitos de intransitivos estativos e objetos de transitivos são marcados da mesma forma, enquanto os sujeitos de transitivos recebem uma forma diferente. A maioria das línguas Aruák exibem alinhamento semântico, isto é, a seleção da marcação de concordância depende do parâmetro de eventividade. Em Paresi, a divisão nos intransitivos é morfologicamente marcada da seguinte forma: a alguns intransitivos recebem a mesma marca de sujeito do que os transitivos (proclíticos do grupo A; b outros intransitivos recebem uma marcação diferente (proclíticos do grupo B. Semanticamente, os verbos são classificados em agentivos e não agentivos. Os traços semânticos de [agentividade] e de [controle] têm um papel fundamental na assignação dos verbos a subclasses. Os dados foram coletados durante pesquisa de campo e a análise tem por base uma abordagem funcionalista-tipológica.
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Redes Sociais na Era da Conectividade (“The good, the bad and the Ugly”
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Antonio Mendes Silva Filho
2010-12-01
Full Text Available O mundo caminha para uma população que deverá atingir a população de 7 bilhões de pessoas. Entretanto, muito antes disso, a impressionante marca de 2 bilhões de usuários da Internet será alcançada. E, nada mais encanta mais o ser humano que a comunicação. Por natureza, o ser humano precisa viver em sociedade. Trata-se de uma característica intrínseca do homem. Ao longo de sua história, a humanidade tem sido marcada por tragédias e avanços e, especificamente, o século XX foi rico no avanço científico. A década de 90 foi marcada pela popularização da Internet, a qual foi intensificada nesta última década, destacando-se o crescente número de usuários e tempo de permanência nas redes sociais. O que isso indica? Um novo brinquedo? Necessidade de comunicação ? Um novo vício? Este artigo parte desses questionamentos e dados estatísticos para explorar como novas tecnologias impactam sobre o cotidiano humano e corporativo.
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Caminhos comoventes: Concretismo, neoconcretismo e arte contemporânea no Brasil
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Otavio Leonidio
2013-10-01
Full Text Available O artigo problematiza os nexos existentes entre modernismo, concretismo, neoconcretismo e arte contemporânea no Brasil, abordados aqui a partir da análise de uma obra específica – a performance Symbebeko, da artista Juliana Notari, ocorrida em março de 2011 no vão-livre do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro/MAM. Defende-se a tese de que, em contraste com narrativas mais ou menos canônicas, a passagem do moderno ao contemporâneo é marcada, no Brasil, por compromissos e contradições inusitadas e por vezes surpreendentes.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alberto Miramón
1959-09-01
Full Text Available En lo general los clásicos castellanos invitan a la soledad y a la contemplación mística. Cuando se sume uno en la lectura de Teresa o de los Luises, ¿no es verdad que place hacerlo lejos del mundo, en un lugar apacible y sereno, en una casa amplia y solariega en la que las horas, -marcadas por un reloj viejo-, van cayendo en la sensibilidad lentamente, casi sin ser notadas, extrahumanas, sin que dejen en el espíritu más que una vaga noción de tiempo y lugar?
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El monólogo de Quentin Compson en « The Sound and the Fury»: entre el recuerdo y el olvido
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Ana María MANZANAS CALVO
2009-11-01
Full Text Available Es en la mañana del 2 de junio de 1910 cuando Quentin Compson recae en la existencia de dos formas de tiempo. Su tempo amorfo y subjetivo, su «temporalidad » 2, se ve interrumpido por el ritmo insistente del reloj, o lo que es lo mismo, por la «cronología» convencional. Quentin despierta así a otra forma de tiempo, marcada y segmentada por las manecillas del reloj: «/( it was between seven and eight o'clock and then I was in time again, hearing the watch»
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Ovalles Mejía, José Manuel; Uribe Mendoza, Cristhian José
2017-01-01
84 páginas : gráficos. Esta investigación analiza la migración irregular de haitianos hacia la República Dominicana y sus implicaciones socio-económicas en el desarrollo de ambas naciones durante el período 2010-2015. Este tema reviste gran importancia en el entendido de que los dos países analizados, con condiciones económicas, políticas, sociales y culturales con marcadas diferencias, hoy día comparten y conviven en una misma isla a causa del fenómeno de la migración. Se hace una des...
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Fumero Reverón, Antonio
2012-01-01
La intensa relación de las infotecnologías con el ámbito educativo no es algo nuevo. Ha ido pasando por diferentes etapas marcadas por uno u otro modelo para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje: tele-enseñanza o educación a distancia, Computer-Based Learning (CBL), E-Learning, Blended Learning o B-Learning son algunos de ellos. En cada caso se han incorporando diferentes tecnologías, desde las cintas magnéticas de audio y vídeo hasta los portátiles, las tabletas y las pizarras electrónica...
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Construcción social de género en el cancionero infantil español
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Pascual y Cabo, D.
2010-01-01
Full Text Available En el presente estudio se analiza la construcción social de género a través del contenido de 51 canciones infantiles de la tradición popular española. Con la Etnosintaxis como marco teórico, pretendo analizar la relación bidireccional que existe entre la lengua y la sociedad centrándome en las diferencias de género dentro del ámbito español actual. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian una separación marcada que refleja, al menos de forma parcial, la desigualdad social en que vivimos.
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Juliano de O. Guterres
2008-01-01
Historicamente a relação entre a psicologia do desenvolvimento e a didática das ciências é marcada pela irregularidade da harmonia entre essas áreas. Se por um lado a psicologia genética nos mostra que o sujeito “inventa conhecimentos” quando em contato com uma situação nova, através dos seus mecanismos de desenvolvimento, por outro, quando a questão é aplicar a psicologia genética à educação, faltam estudos sobre a construção de conhecimentos escolares específicos. Assim, parece natural para...
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La masificación de la educación y la búsqueda de igualdad, justicia y equidad sociales en Colombia
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Faustino Peña
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Con la implementación de la masificación educativa, referirse a la importancia de la educación por parte de la sociedad, los organismos internacionales, la normatividad, los planes nacionales de desarrollo y los planes decenales, se convirtió en un asunto recurrente. Sin embargo, su desarrollo no ha logrado disminuir las desigualdades, inequidades e injusticias sociales. El Estado colombiano la ha afrontado con políticas públicas marcadas por el vaivén y la improvisación, lo cual ha dificultado el objetivo de la igualdad, justicia y equidad sociales.
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Didactopatogenia (Enfermedades generadas por la mala enseñanza
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José Cukier
1996-12-01
Full Text Available Se plantea el desarrollo de enfermedades generadas por la mala enseñanza. Se cuestiona el papel que cumplen las instituciones educativas al avalar a educadores con personalidad narcisista que inducen a estas enfermedades. Se describen las características de estos educadores, sus principales defensas y las interacciones didactopatogénicas que se establecen entre el educador y el educando, generando transformación pasivo/activo, tabú del pensamiento, saber enciclopédico, recuerdos póstumos, trastornos de conducta, distracción, y agresividad marcada. Se discute, también, el concepto del educador y sus dobles.
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A francofilia neo-realista da Vértice no Pós-Guerra
Carmo, Carina Infante do
2010-01-01
Em tempos de Pós-Guerra e de crise do salazarismo, um número especial da revista Vértice dedicada à França, em Dezembro de 1946, dá-nos sinal do poder interventivo da frente cultural neo-realista, marcada pela adesão ao antifascismo e ao marxismo. Se a França é tomada como modelo pelo seu legado racionalista, revolucionário e de resistência ao nazismo, este número significa bem mais do que um gesto de francofilia: é uma afirmação no campo cultural (e, concomitantemente, no campo p...
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Memória e verdade em curso na Colômbia: o lugar destinado às vítimas
Motta (PPGCEPPAC/UnB), Maria Carolina Carvalho; Silva (UnB), Meire Cristina Cabral de Araújo
2014-01-01
O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o direito à verdade e à memória enquanto parâmetro da Justiça de Transição a ser implementada nas sociedades marcadas por conflitos violentos. Foi neste sentido que o contexto colombiano foi escolhido para esta análise, visto que este país, atualmente, presencia um debate sobre a validade das políticas públicas destinadas a pacificar os conflitos armados internos. A Ley de Justicia y Paz é o foco principal da análise e com seus termos legais se deba...
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Tarazona Pérez, Filomeno; Romero Acuña, Juan Nicanor; Aliaga Contreras, Isabel Margarita; Veliz Rodríguez, Marita Fabiola
2016-01-01
Se realizó una investigación básica con diseño descriptivo simple con el propósito de determinar el grado, modo, características y factores de la procrastinación académica en estudiantes de Lenguas, Literatura y Comunicación de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú en una muestra poblacional de 169 estudiantes varones y mujeres de los semestres II, IV, VI, VIII y X matriculados en el semestre 2015 II. Se observaba tendencia marcada de los estudiantes a dejar ...
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THE LABEL IS THE BEER: THE INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE OF LABELS OF THE CONTEMPORARY CRAFT BEERS
JADER MATTOS DE AGUIAR
2016-01-01
Esta dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a linguagem dos rótulos de cervejas artesanais. Observou-se que circulam, ao mesmo tempo, no mercado brasileiro, cervejas que utilizam no design dos rótulos uma linguagem tradicional, marcada por um estilo que vem se repetindo ao longo do tempo e outras que não aderem à conservação desse padrão, assumindo uma linguagem inovadora. Trabalhamos sob a hipótese de que um rótulo inovador, ao contrário do tradicional, é caracteri...
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Contribución del ferrocarril a la mejora de la oferta en el transporte de mercancías Europa – Asia
Martín Borda, David
2011-01-01
Es por todos conocido el hecho de que en los últimos años han aumentado sustancialmente las industrias y las nuevas tecnologías. Por consiguiente se ha aumentado también la producción, que esta marcada en la mayoría de los casos por el efecto de la globalización. La globalización tiende, entre otras cosas, a trasladar la producción a lugares donde los costes sean menores, por esta razón, actualmente son muchas las empresas europeas que fabrican sus productos en países Asiáticos. Princ...
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Empolgação com Copa freia protestos nas redes sociais no Brasil e no mundo
Zarko, Raphael
2014-01-01
Depois da Copa das Confederações de 2013 serem marcadas pelas manifestações contrárias à realização e gastos excessivos para o Mundial do Brasil – tanto nas ruas quanto na internet -, a impressão de que houve uma queda nos protestos da Copa do Mundo do Brasil se confirma com uma ampla pesquisa nas redes sociais. Em monitoramento de mais de 11 milhões de mensagens de Twitter no Brasil e no mundo, o número de menções a protestos é de apenas 17 mil – percentualmente, significa dizer que apenas 0...
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Desarrollo aplicación web y móvil para reservas en comedores
Blázquez Bea, Antonio
2012-01-01
Este trabajo trata sobre el desarrollo de una “Start Up” de base tecnológica desde la universidad. La empresa creada comercializará un servicio software para comedores y restaurantes. La actualidad está marcada por la economía, y en estos momentos nos encontramos con una tasa de paro general del 26,7%, en ingenierías (la UPM) es del 31,2%. El sector de las TIC se salva por el momento (en informática la tasa de paro es del 4,8%), aunque el trabajo en muchos casos es precario y las opo...
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Cuerpos invadidos : cuerpo y corporalidad en algunos relatos de Antonio Di Benedetto
Varela, Fabiana Inés
2007-01-01
Mundo Animal (1953) es una colección de cuentos que inicia la carrera literaria del narrador mendocino, Antonio Di Benedetto. Libro de difícil ubicación genérica, tiene una marcada intencionalidad ética que el mismo autor señala de modo explícito. Es además, evidente la filiación kafkianas de muchas de estas historias. Esta relación se observa, especialmente, en el clima fuertemente onírico y opresivo tanto para los personajes como para los lectores, en el escaso interés por la realidad circu...
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Los asháninkas y la violencia de las correrías durante y después de la época del caucho*
Espinosa, Oscar
2016-01-01
A lo largo de los siglos, el pueblo asháninka ha enfrentado diversos episodios de violencia, algunos de los cuales han afectado de manera especial la historia y la identidad de este pueblo. Uno de estos momentos fue el de la colonización de la región de la Selva Central peruana, a fines del siglo XIX, marcada por la extracción del caucho y el cultivo de café en grandes haciendas. Esta época se caracterizó, además, por ser particularmente violenta, sobre todo debido a las continuas correrías q...
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Fighting bacteria using selective drugs for membranes
Dias, Susana Filipa Almeida
2015-01-01
Tese de mestrado em Bioquímica Médica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2015 Os antibióticos são fármacos utilizados no tratamento e prevenção de infeções causadas por bactérias ou fungos. Devido à sua elevada eficácia, baixo custo e fácil acesso, as últimas décadas foram marcadas pelo uso excessivo destes fármacos. Como consequência, bactérias e fungos acabaram por desenvolver resistência aos antibióticos convencionais. O desenvolvimento de mecanismo...
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Automóveis autónomos em Portugal: a perspetiva do consumidor numa indústria em mudança
Júlio, Carlos Filipe Salazar Teixeira
2017-01-01
Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da Empresa A indústria automóvel encontra-se numa era disruptiva, marcada pela massificação do automóvel e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos para o mercado, nomeadamente o conceito de automóveis autónomos. Estes veículos têm como objetivo automatizar algumas das tarefas dos condutores para que, numa fase final do desenvolvimento da tecnologia, operem sem necessidade de intervenção humana. A introdução desta inovação, torna essencial conhec...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mauricio Zabalgoitia Herrera
2015-08-01
Full Text Available Tomando como punto de partida el entrecruce entre nacionalismo y género, este artículo busca redimensionar las escrituras de Rosario Castellanos y Margo Glantz como dos instancias que trastocan, niegan o deconstruyen la historiografía machista mexicana. Ésta habría sido amparada por la inteligencia de lo mexicano, Samuel Ramos y Octavio Paz, principalmente. A este respecto, la intención del texto no es tanto la propuesta de una lectura feminista del nacionalismo, aunque sí la insistencia en marcadas voces femeninas ante el machismo de lo que llamamos “culturalismo mexicanista”.
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Una vida con una válvula: vivencias de una joven operada de corazón
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María Correa Rodríguez
2013-09-01
Full Text Available La informante del relato es una joven que tuvo que ser sometida a una intervención quirúrgica a corazón abierto. Este relato biográfico presenta sus vivencias, sentimientos y experiencias a lo largo del proceso, abarcando desde sus estancias hospitalarias, manejo de la enfermedad y situación actual. El objetivo del relato es describir el significado las experiencias relacionadas con la enfermedad que ha desarrollado la joven en las distintas etapas de su vida. Es una historia marcada por el enorme amor que siente hacia sus padres que la han apoyado en todo momento.
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Three empirical essays on gender equality and education
Nollenberger Castro, Natalia
2013-01-01
Descripció del recurs: 15 de gener de 2014 A la portada: PhD Program in Research of Applied Economics El objetivo de esta tesis es aportar nueva evidencia empírica sobre tres temas de gran importancia en las áreas de Economía de Género y Economía de la Educación. La tesis consiste en tres ensayos con una marcada orientación empírica. En el primer ensayo se analiza el efecto de proveer servicios de guardería universales sobre la participación de las madres en el mercado de trabajo. Para ...
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García-Prieto, Victoria
2016-01-01
Tras una época marcada por la conformación de grandes conglomerados de la comunicación no siempre con resultados positivos para las compañías, la era digital ha traído consigo un cambio de estrategia en los grupos mediáticos con un denominador común: la apuesta por la expansión global a través del sector digital. Esta directriz supone la introducción de nuevos sectores de negocio en el seno de los grupos de comunicación y el establecimiento de nuevas alianzas estratégicas, lo q...
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The X-ray view of the ionization cone in NGC 5252
Matteo Guainazzi; Stefano Bianchi; Massimo Cappi; Mauro Dadina; Giuseppe Malaguti
2008-01-01
Presentamos los resultados de las observaciones realizadas con Chandra en rayos-X suaves del espectacular cono de ionización de la galaxia cercana Seyfert-2 NGC5252. Como se observa invariablemente en los AGN oscurecidos, la emisión de rayos-X suaves exhibe una marcada coincidencia en morfología con el cono de gas ionizado trazado por el HST en las imágenes de O[III]. Imágenes resueltas en energía y espectroscopía de alta resolución sugieren que el gas emitido en rayos-X es fotoio...
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Clara Zarza
2015-01-01
La representación del mundo del artista, sus espacios privados, las personas de su entorno, así como su propio autorretrato, tiene una larga tradición en las artes visuales. Sin embargo, la utilización de material personal como estrategia artística, su identificación con el género autobiográfico y la aceptación de este por el mundo del arte institucionalizado han venido marcadas por las prácticas que se desarrollaron en los años 1960, 1970 y 1980, fundamentalmente por aquellas ligadas a los m...
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Percepción del estrés competitivo y cultura en futbolistas profesionales de Brasil y Portugal
M. Regina F. Brand\\u00E3o; Hiram Vald\\u00E9s Casal; Alfonso Antonio Machado; Ana Ramires
2006-01-01
El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar jugadores de fútbol con diferentes perspectivas culturales y similar nivel de experiencia, en la percepción del estrés. Fueron evaluados 18 jugadores Brasileños de la Selección Nacional Brasileña, y 20 jugadores Portugueses de la Selección Nacional Portuguesa, con una media de edad de 26,69 + 4,1 y 26,05 + 2,3 años respectivamente, mediante el Inventario de Estrés en Fútbol. Aparece una tendencia resulta muy marcada, los ítems que son evaluados co...
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Discurso, silenciamento e alteração material no filme Deus e Brasileiro
Erich Lie Ginach
2005-01-01
Resumo: Esta pesquisa, tomando como referencial teórico a Análise de Discurso de linha materialista, com o filme Deus é Brasileiro se dispôs a trazer para a prática analítica a materialidade do cinema, tendo como enfoque cenas nas quais é regular a concomitância entre intervenções divinas e alterações fílmicas atravessadas de silenciamentos. Nesses trechos do enredo, Deus entra em contato direto com os humanos, produzindo intervenções de diferentes ordens. As alterações fílmicas aí marcadas s...
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Os sentidos da formação acadêmica e do trabalho para estudantes de mestrados no Brasil e na Espanha
Figuera Gazo, Pilar; Raitz, Tânia Regina; Llanes Ordóñez, Juan
2013-01-01
Este texto analisa os sentidos da formação acadêmica e do trabalho para estudantes dos mestrados na área da Educação – Brasil e Espanha. Esta representação está atualmente marcada por instabilidades que se configuram como turbulência, flexibilidade e impermanência nas trajetórias estudantis e laborais, isto não quer dizer que o trabalho não seja uma esfera importante na vida dos indivíduos, mas ganha novas dimensões. É visível a própria diversidade que caracteriza o mercado de trabalho atualm...
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Alonso Geli, Yamirka; De la Cruz, Enrique Reynaldo; Dutok Sánchez, Carlos M.; Álvarez Guerra, Eloy D
2014-01-01
Objetivo: detectar la sobreexpresión del receptor de factor de crecimiento epidérmico en células epiteliales de lesiones premalignas de la mucosa bucal, marcadas magnéticamente por relaxometría. Métodos: las células exfoliadas de mucosa oral de individuos sanos y enfermos se marcaron con el sistema: IgG anti-EGF-R biotinilada/IgG anti-biotina conjugada con partículas superparamagnéticas y se midieron los tiempos de relajación T1 y T2. Resultados: disminuyeron los tiempos de relajación (T1 y T...
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Valdés Guía, Miriam
2003-01-01
RESUMEN: El s. VI en Atenas es un momento crucial para la definición y delimitación ciudadana que se realiza al mismo tiempo que una separación tajante entre esclavos-mercancía y ciudadanos. Las medidas legislativas de Solón en este sentido se ven refrendadas, también en época de los pisistrátidas, por una organización y jerarquización del espacio de la ciudad, especialmente el agora (marcada por rituales purificatorios de entrada a la misma) y los gimnasios. Asimismo se produce y se busca en...
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Moreno, A. C.; Carrascal, L. M.; Delgado, A.; Suárez, V.; Seoane, J.
2018-01-01
Marcada resiliencia de una especie de ave insular endémica después de una perturbación intensa: el caso del pinzón azul de Gran Canaria Son pocos los datos disponibles sobre la tendencia demográfica de las especies en peligro de extinción en zonas de protección especial y su capacidad de recuperarse de perturbaciones catastróficas. Se estudia la tendencia demográfica del pinzón azul de Gran Canaria (Fringilla polatzeki), un especialista de hábitat endémico de las Islas Canarias, restrin...
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Impacto de eventos traumáticos em aspectos clínicos
Anna Martha Vaitses Fontanari
2015-01-01
A Disforia de Gênero (DG) caracteriza-se pela marcada incongruência entre gênero e sexo atribuído ao nascer. Trata-se de uma condição rara, cuja prevalência varia muito de acordo com o local estudado: na Nova Zelândia, há 27,48 por 100 000 habitantes, enquanto que, no Irã, são 0,68 por 100 000 habitantes. Sua etiologia depende da interação entre fatores biológicos e psicossociais, sendo a herdabilidade estimada de 62%. Indivíduos diagnosticados com DG integram populações sujeitas a maior viol...
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Estereotipos de género: la perpetuación del poder sexista en los tribunales argentinos
Defago,María Angélica Peñas
2015-01-01
El campo jurídico es una arena de luchas marcada por las tensiones que se dan en torno a los contenidos escritos de las leyes, así como por la posterior lectura que de éstos hagan diversos actores sociales y políticos. Dentro de estos fenómenos de tensión, los tribunales se constituyen, cada vez más, en foros de arduos debates en torno a intentar asentar legitimidad política y social de determinadas configuraciones genéricas y/o sexuales. A través de este trabajo, intentaremos identificar cóm...
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Observaciones sobre la Morfología del Oviducto del Coipo (Myocastor coypus)
Felipe, Antonio E; Fumuso, Elida; Eyheramendy, Verónica; Lombardo, Daniel
2015-01-01
Se efectuaron los análisis anatómico e histoarquitectónico del oviducto del coipo (Myocastor coypus) en la madurez sexual. Se trabajó con 34 oviductos que fueron segmentados en infundíbulo, ampolla, unión ámpulo-ístmica, istmo cefálico, medio y caudal y procesados con técnicas histológicas de rutina. Los oviductos se observaron como órganos tubulares y tortuosos, con amplia superficie infundibular, marcada flexura en la unión con los cuernos uterinos y el desarrollo de un colículo en la unión...
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Las madres de Plaza de Mayo: à memória do sangue, o legado ao revés
Maria Fernanda Garbero de Aragão Ponzio
2009-01-01
O contexto da Argentina da década de setenta é o cenário de personagens e narrativas que emergem do medo e permanecem, até os dias atuais, em posições de resistência e enfrentamento. Nessa paisagem marcada pela opressão do Estado militar, nascem as Madres de Plaza de Mayo, originadas pela tragédia do desaparecimento forçado de seus filhos. Investidas pela maternidade, elas rompem com a esfera privada para desestabilizar a esfera pública e questionar a memória de um país maculad...
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Castro Suárez, Celmira
2016-01-01
Programa de Doctorado en Desigualdades e Intervención Social El estudio de la interculturalidad y su relación con lo educativo reviste hoy un gran interés en el mundo académico, sobre todo en un país como Colombia, caracterizado por una sociedad con una rica diversidad cultural; además posee unas marcadas desigualdades sociales, así como graves problemas de exclusión de amplios sectores de la sociedad que aún permanecen en situaciones de pobreza y falta de acceso a una educación de calidad...
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O pensamento corporativo em Miguel Reale: leituras do fascismo italiano no integralismo brasileiro
Bertonha,João Fábio
2013-01-01
O jurista Miguel Reale se destacou no movimento integralista brasileiro por vários motivos. Em primeiro lugar, pelo cuidado especial com que se dedicou à questão da organização do futuro Estado integralista. Em segundo, pela sua preocupação social, de atingir os operários e resolver a chamada 'questão social' a partir da reorganização do Estado e da aplicação da doutrina corporativista. E, por fim, pela sua formação, tanto pessoal como educacional, a qual foi muito marcada pela cultura italia...
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Castro, Juan F.; Casavilca, Pedro; Lizarzaburu, Rose
2010-01-01
En el Perú, la reciente expansión económica parece haber alentado una mayor demanda por educación superior. Sin embargo, el promedio enmascara marcadas diferencias entre grupos de gasto y un potencial sesgo antipobre. Construimos un modelo teórico sencillo que predice una relación positiva entre esta demanda, la dotación del hogar y la prima de salarios. El acceso al crédito, por su parte, reduce la importancia de la dotación y también alienta la demanda por educación si su retorno es alto. E...
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El espacio social de la ciencia y la tecnología: su aplicación a la biotecnología
Muñoz, Emilio
2006-01-01
Al iniciar el segundo semestre de la sección “La biotecnología en el espejo”, considero interesante introducir una subsección que bajo el rótulo “Espacio social de la biotecnología” permita ir contemplando reflejos e imágenes que muestra la biotecnología en relación con la compleja dinámica social en que se ve envuelta y que viene marcada por las reacciones de la sociedad y las regulaciones y normativas establecidas por sus representantes. Estos temas gozan de creciente importancia para el de...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Guidotti, Flávia
2008-01-01
Full Text Available Este artigo aponta algumas peculiaridades de um cinema brasileiro contemporâneo cuja produção é marcada pelo cruzamento com a televisão. O estudo parte do princípio que o resultado dessa produção envolve aspectos relacionados com o uso de ferramentas e técnicas comuns às duas linguagens, com a migração de profissionais de um campo para o outro, num contexto específico da economia política de produção e distribuição do cinema brasileiro
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Robledo, Juan Pablo; Esparza, María Virginia
2014-01-01
La realidad de la comunidad travesti, transexual y transgénero de la Argentina está marcada por la persecución, la exclusión y la marginación. Históricamente, veremos como el “otro” o diferente respecto al sexo y género fue patologizado y excluido, frente a la “normalidad” de la heterosexualidad. Gracias al avance de movimientos sociales, activistas y militantes a favor de un marco jurídico más igualitario, el 9 de mayo de 2012, se logró sancionar la Ley de Identidad de Género en la...
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CLIMATERIO Y POSTMENOPAUSIA: ASPECTOS EDUCATIVOS A CONSIDERAR SEGUN LA ETAPA DEL PERIODO
ARAYA GUTIERREZ,ALEJANDRA; URRUTIA SOTO,MARIA TERESA; CABIESES VALDES,BALTICA
2006-01-01
El periodo del climaterio es una etapa de transición en la vida de la mujer caracterizada por cambios físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Es una etapa dinámica marcada por la repercusión de los cambios hormonales, principalmente por la paulatina disminución de los estrógenos. La presente revisión bibliográfica describe las características generales del periodo, cambios que ocurren y aspectos a educar en las mujeres durante el climaterio y la postmenopausia, con el propósito de dar una visión ac...
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Terapia floral como medio de transformación psíquica y orgánica en una paciente con síndrome de Down
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Mercedes Gay Muguercia
2014-07-01
Full Text Available Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 23 años de edad, con síndrome de Down, quien presentaba retraimiento, miedo, marcada tartamudez, obesidad, hipertensión arterial e hipercolesterolemia, para lo cual se le indicó terapia floral. Se le realizaron los exámenes físicos y complementarios pertinentes y fue evaluada a los 21, 45 y 90 días. Finalmente, se lograron transformaciones emocionales orgánicas y físicas, de manera que se observó un cambio significativo en su comportamiento
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Soraya Lani
2013-10-01
Full Text Available A noção de fronteira, vista como um limite fixo, imóvel, vem dando lugar no discurso da pós-modernidade a espaços itinerantes em que se destacam relações identitárias transitórias, fluidas, errantes, marcadas pela pluralidade das travessias culturais. Apoiando-nos no conceito de desterritorialização/reterritorialização criado por Gilles Deleuze e reavaliado por Néstor García Canclini, o presente artigo analisa as diferentes etapas de tal processo no romance A guerra no Bom Fim (1972, de Moacyr Scliar.
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Lipoproteínas e inflamação na esclerose múltipla
Cascais, Maria João Coelho Melo
2010-01-01
Preâmbulo Os processos inflamatórios induzem alterações marcadas do metabolismo das lipoproteínas plasmáticas e estas, por sua vez, regulam as reacções imunitárias. Dadas as muitas relações existentes entre imunidade inata e adquirida e o metabolismo das lipoproteínas, investigámos neste trabalho a sua possível relevância para a compreensão da Esclerose Múltipla (EM), uma doença neuroinflamatória e neurodegenrativa do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Como será evidente ao l...
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Uso de materiales alternativos en la construcción del galpón montes alpha
Casanova, Francisco
2011-01-01
Hoy, en el sector industrial, existe una tendencia muy marcada hacia las construcciones de rápida ejecución, situación que está plenamente fundamentada por: los ingresos que se dejan de percibir en una industria durante los días de paralización, o lo que es peor, las enormes pérdidas causadas por los días de improductividad de los equipos. Considerando los objetivos de los propietarios en este tipo de construcciones como: el tiempo de ejecución y el costo de los proyectos, se ha g...
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Kumar, Aman; Maan, Sushila; Mahajan, Nand Kishore; Rana, Virender Pratap; Jindal, Naresh; Batra, Kanisht; Ghosh, Arnab; Mishra, Shiv Kumar; Kapoor, Sanjay; Maan, Narender Singh
2013-12-01
Present study was undertaken to investigate the cause of deaths of peafowls in Haryana State. In total, 145 birds were sick and 28 birds were reported dead during July to September 2012. Some of the sick birds were showing signs of shaking of heads, torticollis and paresis. Blood and cloacal swab samples from sick birds along with brain and intestinal tissues from dead birds were collected for further investigation. Although post-mortem examination showed no typical lesions of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) yet raised HI tires against NDV in some serum samples and clinical signs indicated the presence of NDV. One of the brain tissues (NDV/IND2012/01) from the field case was processed and adapted to Vero cell line for virus isolation. The fusion (F) gene based nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) confirmed the presence of NDV in all field samples and cell culture isolate. Sequencing of the partial F gene amplicons (216 bp) using the PCR primers as sequencing primers confirmed the PCR results. The deduced amino acid sequences of partial F gene were found to have the amino acid motif (111)GRRQKR/F(117) in the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS). This amino acid motif is indicative of the velogenic nature of these NDVs. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the virus belonged to class II genotype VII very closely related to virus isolates originated from outbreaks in Western Europe, Israel, Indonesia, Taiwan and India. Phylogenetic grouping of the virus and sequence of FPCS is indicative of pathogenic potential of virus strain circulating in peacocks in Haryana.
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Khulape, Sagar A; Gaikwad, Satish S; Chellappa, Madhan Mohan; Mishra, Bishnu Prasad; Dey, Sohini
2014-06-05
We report here the complete genome sequence of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from a wild peacock. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it belongs to genotype II, class II of NDV strains. This study helps to understand the ecology of NDV strains circulating in a wild avian host of this geographical region during the outbreak of 2012 in northwest India. Copyright © 2014 Khulape et al.
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Murari, Satish K; Frey, Felix J; Frey, Brigitte M; Gowda, There V; Vishwanath, Bannikuppe S
2005-06-03
In Indian traditional medicine, peacock feather in the form of ash (Bhasma) or water extract are used against snakebite and to treat various problems associated with lungs. This study was aimed to evaluate the water extract of peacock feather (PCF) against the local tissue damage caused due to snakebite. PCF water extract showed inhibition towards phospholipase A2 enzyme activity from snake venom (Naja naja and Vipera russelii), inflammatory fluids (synovial, pleural, ascites) and normal serum in a dose-dependent manner. Hyaluronidase and proteases are other major enzymes in snake venoms responsible for local tissue damage. PCF water extract inhibited hyaluronidase and proteolytic enzyme activities from Vipera russelii, Naja naja and Trimeresurus malabaricus venom. The active principle is a hydrophilic molecule easily extractable in water or polar solvents. PCF water extract gave positive results for the presence of protein and secondary metabolites like carotenoids and steroids. Analysis of metal ions revealed that iron is the major ion (> 20-fold). Other metal ions detected in smaller amount are copper, chromium, zinc and nickel. The least amount of ion detected is gold. Co-injection of PCF water extract with snake venom and inflammatory PLA2 enzymes neutralize the edema inducing activity of all the PLA2 enzymes studied. Since it inhibits hyaluronidase and proteases enzyme activity from snake venom PCF water extract is a powerful neutralizing agent, which has therapeutic application against venom toxicity.
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Wikelski, Martin; Trillmich, Fritz
1994-01-01
Ontogenetic development in reptiles entails major changes in size-related foraging options. We studied the changes in foraging behavior of marine iguanas. In this species, size increases about twenty- to hundredfold from hatching to full adult size. The foraging strategy of marine iguanas was studied at Miedo on Santa Fe Island in the Galapagos archipelago During low tide, large marine iguanas (>250 mm snout vent length (SVL)) foraged more in the lower intertidal than small ones (
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luciane Prado Kantorski
2000-12-01
Full Text Available O presente artigo aborda o ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem das universidades públicas do Rio Grande do Sul. Utiliza-se como instrumento fundamentalmente os programas das disciplinas da área, sendo os dados complementados com o depoimento de professores e alunos dos cursos. As disciplinas da área são marcadas pelo enfoque do normal e do patológico no transcorrer do ciclo vital, centradas na psicopatologia e na instituição psiquiátrica.El presente artículo aborda la enseñanza de la enfermería psiquiátrica y la salud mental en los cursos de pregrado en enfermería de las universidades públicas de Rio Grande del Sur. Los programas de las materias del área son utilizados como instrumentos fundamentales, siendo complementados con las declaraciones de profesores y alumnos del curso. Las disciplinas del área son marcadas por el enfoque de lo normal y lo patológico a lo largo del ciclo vital, centradas en la psicopatología y en la institución psiquiátrica.This article addresses psychiatric nursing teaching and mental health in Nursing undergraduate courses at public universities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It fundamentally uses as an instrument the programs followed in the different related subjects. Data are complemented with accounts given by course teachers and students. The courses in this field focus on what is normal and on what is pathological during life cycles and are centered on psychopathology as well as on psychiatric institutions.
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Artificial light pollution increases nocturnal vigilance in peahens
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Jessica L. Yorzinski
2015-08-01
Full Text Available Artificial light pollution is drastically changing the sensory environments of animals. Even though many animals are now living in these changed environments, the effect light pollution has on animal behavior is poorly understood. We investigated the effect of light pollution on nocturnal vigilance in peahens (Pavo cristatus. Captive peahens were exposed to either artificial lighting or natural lighting at night. We employed a novel method to record their vigilance behavior by attaching accelerometers to their heads and continuously monitoring their large head movements. We found that light pollution significantly increases nocturnal vigilance in peahens. Furthermore, the birds faced a trade-off between vigilance and sleep at night: peahens that were more vigilant spent less time sleeping. Given the choice, peahens preferred to roost away from high levels of artificial lighting but showed no preference for roosting without artificial lighting or with low levels of artificial lighting. Our study demonstrates that light pollution can have a substantial impact on animal behavior that can potentially result in fitness consequences.
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Variation in the peacock's train shows a genetic component.
Petrie, Marion; Cotgreave, Peter; Pike, Thomas W
2009-01-01
Female peafowl (Pavo cristatus) show a strong mating preference for males with elaborate trains. This, however, poses something of a paradox because intense directional selection should erode genetic variation in the males' trains, so that females will no longer benefit by discriminating among males on the basis of these traits. This situation is known as the 'lek paradox', and leads to the theoretical expectation of low heritability in the peacock's train. We used two independent breeding experiments, involving a total of 42 sires and 86 of their male offspring, to estimate the narrow sense heritabilities of male ornaments and other morphometric traits. Contrary to expectation, we found significant levels of heritability in a trait known to be used by females during mate choice (train length), while no significant heritabilities were evident for other, non-fitness related morphological traits (tarsus length, body weight or spur length). This study adds to the building body of evidence that high levels of additive genetic variance can exist in secondary sexual traits under directional selection, but further emphasizes the main problem of what maintains this variation.
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Medina, José M; Díaz, José A; Vukusic, Pete
2015-04-20
Iridescent structural colors in biology exhibit sophisticated spatially-varying reflectance properties that depend on both the illumination and viewing angles. The classification of such spectral and spatial information in iridescent structurally colored surfaces is important to elucidate the functional role of irregularity and to improve understanding of color pattern formation at different length scales. In this study, we propose a non-invasive method for the spectral classification of spatial reflectance patterns at the micron scale based on the multispectral imaging technique and the principal component analysis similarity factor (PCASF). We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and its component methods by detailing its use in the study of the angle-dependent reflectance properties of Pavo cristatus (the common peacock) feathers, a species of peafowl very well known to exhibit bright and saturated iridescent colors. We show that multispectral reflectance imaging and PCASF approaches can be used as effective tools for spectral recognition of iridescent patterns in the visible spectrum and provide meaningful information for spectral classification of the irregularity of the microstructure in iridescent plumage.
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Offspring sex ratio is related to paternal train elaboration and yolk corticosterone in peafowl.
Pike, Thomas W; Petrie, Marion
2005-06-22
Several recent experimental studies have provided strong evidence for the ability of birds to manipulate the sex ratio of their offspring prior to laying. Using a captive population of peafowl (Pavo cristatus), we tested experimentally the effects of paternal attractiveness on offspring sex ratio, and related sex ratio deviations to egg-yolk concentrations of testosterone, 17beta-estradiol and corticosterone. When females were mated to males whose attractiveness had been experimentally reduced by removing prominent eyespot feathers from their trains, they produced significantly more female offspring, had significantly higher yolk corticosterone concentrations and tended to have lower levels of yolk testosterone than when mated to the same males with their full complement of feathers. Concentrations of 17beta-estradiol did not vary consistently with sex ratio biases. These findings add to the small number of studies providing experimental evidence that female birds can control the primary sex ratio of their offspring in response to paternal attractiveness, and highlight the possibility that corticosterone and perhaps testosterone are involved in the sex manipulation process in birds.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Aleksandra Ledwoń
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Beak and feather disease virus- (BFDV- positive (naturally infected but clinically healthy budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus were inoculated with two isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolated from naturally infected golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus and peafowl (Pavo cristatus. During a period of more than two months after inoculation, samples of cloacal and crop swabs, faeces, and blood were obtained for BFDV and Mycobacterium avium testing with PCR. Birds were euthanized nine weeks after inoculation. All infected budgerigars developed signs typical of mycobacteriosis, but more advanced clinical and pathological changes were visible in the group infected with the pheasant isolate. Only a few cloacal and crop swab samples were positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium despite advanced pathological changes in the internal organs. In the groups infected with mycobacterium isolates the frequency of BFDV-positive samples was higher than in the control group. In the infected groups the frequency of BFDV was substantially higher in the cloacal swabs of birds inoculated with the pheasant isolate than in the peafowl-isolate-infected group.
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Eye and head movements shape gaze shifts in Indian peafowl.
Yorzinski, Jessica L; Patricelli, Gail L; Platt, Michael L; Land, Michael F
2015-12-01
Animals selectively direct their visual attention toward relevant aspects of their environments. They can shift their attention using a combination of eye, head and body movements. While we have a growing understanding of eye and head movements in mammals, we know little about these processes in birds. We therefore measured the eye and head movements of freely behaving Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) using a telemetric eye-tracker. Both eye and head movements contributed to gaze changes in peafowl. When gaze shifts were smaller, eye movements played a larger role than when gaze shifts were larger. The duration and velocity of eye and head movements were positively related to the size of the eye and head movements, respectively. In addition, the coordination of eye and head movements in peafowl differed from that in mammals; peafowl exhibited a near-absence of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which may partly result from the peafowl's ability to move their heads as quickly as their eyes. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
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Ledwoń, Aleksandra; Sapierzyński, Rafał; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa; Szeleszczuk, Piotr; Kozak, Marcin
2014-01-01
Beak and feather disease virus- (BFDV-) positive (naturally infected) but clinically healthy budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were inoculated with two isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolated from naturally infected golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and peafowl (Pavo cristatus). During a period of more than two months after inoculation, samples of cloacal and crop swabs, faeces, and blood were obtained for BFDV and Mycobacterium avium testing with PCR. Birds were euthanized nine weeks after inoculation. All infected budgerigars developed signs typical of mycobacteriosis, but more advanced clinical and pathological changes were visible in the group infected with the pheasant isolate. Only a few cloacal and crop swab samples were positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium despite advanced pathological changes in the internal organs. In the groups infected with mycobacterium isolates the frequency of BFDV-positive samples was higher than in the control group. In the infected groups the frequency of BFDV was substantially higher in the cloacal swabs of birds inoculated with the pheasant isolate than in the peafowl-isolate-infected group.
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Traditional knowledge on zootherapeutic uses by the Saharia tribe of Rajasthan, India.
Mahawar, Madan Mohan; Jaroli, D P
2007-06-05
The present zootherapeutic study describes the traditional knowledge related to the use of different animals and animal-derived products as medicines by the Saharia tribe reside in the Shahabad and Kishanganj Panchayat Samiti's of Baran district of Rajasthan, India. A field survey was conducted from April to June 2006 by performing interview through structured questionnaire with 21 selected respondents, who provided information regarding use of animals and their products in folk medicine. A total of 15 animal species were recorded and they are used for different ethnomedical purposes, including cough, asthma, tuberculosis, paralysis, earache, herpes, weakness, muscular pain etc. The zootherapeutic knowledge was mostly based on domestic animals, but some protected species like the peacock (Pavo cristatus,), hard shelled turtle (Kachuga tentoria), sambhar (Cervus unicolor) were also mentioned as medicinal resources. We would suggest that this kind of neglected traditional knowledge should be included into the strategies of conservation and management of faunistic resources. Further studies are required for experimental validation to confirm the presence of bioactive compounds in these traditional remedies and also to emphasize more sustainable use of these resources.
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Peafowl antipredator calls encode information about signalers.
Yorzinski, Jessica L
2014-02-01
Animals emit vocalizations that convey information about external events. Many of these vocalizations, including those emitted in response to predators, also encode information about the individual that produced the call. The relationship between acoustic features of antipredator calls and information relating to signalers (including sex, identity, body size, and social rank) were examined in peafowl (Pavo cristatus). The "bu-girk" antipredator calls of male and female peafowl were recorded and 20 acoustic parameters were automatically extracted from each call. Both the bu and girk elements of the antipredator call were individually distinctive and calls were classified to the correct signaler with over 90% and 70% accuracy in females and males, respectively. Females produced calls with a higher fundamental frequency (F0) than males. In both females and males, body size was negatively correlated with F0. In addition, peahen rank was related to the duration, end mean frequency, and start harmonicity of the bu element. Peafowl antipredator calls contain detailed information about the signaler and can potentially be used by receivers to respond to dangerous situations.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jaspers, V.L.B.; Covaci, A.; Voorspoels, S.; Dauwe, T.; Eens, M.; Schepens, P.
2006-01-01
Liver and muscle samples from 7 species of aquatic and terrestrial predatory birds from Flanders (Belgium) were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). PCBs were the predominant compounds in our samples, which showed highest concentrations in the liver of barn owl (Tyto alba) and sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) (up to 1000 μg/g lipid weight). PBDEs could be determined in most samples at lower concentrations than PCBs (up to 64 μg/g lipid in sparrowhawk liver). Sparrowhawks had the highest levels of hexachlorobenzene, DDTs and PBDEs. In contrast, kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) had relatively low levels of most measured organochlorines. BDE 47 was the most abundant congener in heron (Ardea cinerea) and grebe (Podiceps cristatus), while BDE 47, 99 and 153 were equally important in the terrestrial species. BDE 183 and BDE 209 were only measured in the terrestrial birds. These results indicate that terrestrial birds may be more exposed to higher brominated BDE congeners than aquatic species. - Aquatic and terrestrial predatory birds show different accumulation profiles of PBDEs
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The detection of great crested newts year round via environmental DNA analysis.
Rees, Helen C; Baker, Claire A; Gardner, David S; Maddison, Ben C; Gough, Kevin C
2017-07-26
Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) is a method that has been used for the detection of various species within water bodies. The great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) has a short eDNA survey season (mid-April to June). Here we investigate whether this season could be extended into other months using the current methodology as stipulated by Natural England. Here we present data to show that in monthly water samples taken from two ponds (March 2014-February 2015) we were able to detect great crested newt DNA in all months in at least one of the ponds. Similar levels of great crested newt eDNA (i.e. highly positive identification) were detected through the months of March-August, suggesting it may be possible to extend the current survey window. In order to determine how applicable these observations are for ponds throughout the rest of the UK, further work in multiple other ponds over multiple seasons is suggested. Nevertheless, the current work clearly demonstrates, in two ponds, the efficacy and reproducibility of eDNA detection for determining the presence of great crested newts.
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Orígenes del Krausofröbelismo y Masonería
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Enrique M. UREÑA
2010-03-01
Full Text Available RESUMEN: En sendos artículos publicados en esta misma revista hice una primera introducción a los aspectos masónicos y a los educativos de la vida y obra de Krause. El segundo artículo concluía con una referencia al krausofröbelismo y con el anuncio de que pensaba tratar ampliamente este último tema dentro de un estudio monográfico sobre el krausismo alemán del siglo XIX. Este proyecto sigue en pie. Ahora voy a adelantar solamente algunos de los resultados de ese estudio, bajo la perspectiva marcada por el título del presente artículo.
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El juego como elemento motivador en el inicio del entrenamiento de la velocidad en natación”
Domínguez, Santiago
2012-01-01
La presente investigación surge de las observaciones desarrolladas en las clases de natación de niños de entre 8 y 10 años de edad de la pileta NADAR, en San Martín de los Andes, Provincia del Neuquén. En una reunión de profesores, sale el debate de cómo entrenar la velocidad en los niños de 8 a 10 años que se iniciaban en la práctica de natación como entrenamiento para competencias. Dentro de diferentes las posturas dadas, se diferenciaban dos bien marcadas, una en donde era hacer activid...
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Family Sexual Violence: is it possible to protect the child?
Azambuja, Maria Regina Fay de
2006-01-01
A trajetória percorrida pela criança, ao longo da história, vem marcada por inúmeras situações de violência, referendadas, muitas vezes, pelo próprio ordenamento jurídico. A partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, no Brasil, a criança adquire o “status” de sujeito de direitos, descortinando-se novo cenário, embasado no reconhecimento de sua condição de pessoa em desenvolvimento e de prioridade absoluta, princípios que têm seu nascedouro na Doutrina da Proteção Integral, em consonância com a C...
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Geología y aspectos geográficos de la isla de san andrés, colombia
Vargas Cuervo, German
2012-01-01
La Isla de San Andrés ha sido definida geológicamente por varios autores en dos unidades calcáreas de características bien marcadas: Una unidad de calizas heterogéneas,denominada como Formación San Andrés de edad Mioceno y una unidad de calizas coralinas de edad Pleistoceno, conocida como Formación San Luis. La primera unidad aflora en la parte central de la isla y representa la zona de colinas suaves con alturas máximas de 87 m.s.n.m y la Formación San Luis constituye la región plana a suave...
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Marco Antonio Verardi Fialho
2000-01-01
Esta estudo discute a importância das rendas não-agrícolas na composição da renda total dos agricultores familiares de uma região fortemente marcada pela pluriatividade de seus produtores rurais. Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos a partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada junto a 57 agricultores familiares dos municípios de Dois Irmãos e Ivoti, RS. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na identificação e quantificação das rendas agrícolas e não-agrícolas bem como na caracterização d...
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Campos, Túlio; Marques, Walter Ernesto Ude
2010-01-01
Este texto tem como objetivo fomentar discussões relativas àexploração do trabalho infantil no contexto urbano, bem como suas implicações no que diz respeito às tensões entre ser criança e ter que trabalhar, visando problematizar as condições da presença de uma determinada infância, a infância trabalhadora na metrópole, em especial, a dos “sinais” de trânsito. Busca também levantar questões referentes à rua como espaço de afirmação da virilidade, a qual se apresenta marcada por códigos e deli...
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GESTÃO DE UMA VINÍCOLA DA SERRA GAÚCHA: COMPETITIVIDADE E RISCO
Sehnem, Alyne; Bertolini, Adriana Locatelli; Azevedo Roesch, Sylvia Maria; Olea, Pelayo Munhoz
2011-01-01
As famílias Amarone e Bergamaschi foram unidas por laços de sangue e também pelos negócios. Suas vidas foram marcadas por escolhas que as fizeram se encontrar no Brasil, após tantos percalços enfrentados na Europa do século XIX. No ano de 1999, com uma safra excelente e a conjuntura econômica nacional favorecida, surgiu a Amarone Adega de Vinhos Finos: vinícola localizada na cidade gaúcha de Bento Gonçalves, fruto do encontro e da união das forças de duas famílias Amarone e Bergamaschi. O obj...
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Tendências no ensino da epidemiologia no Brasil
Barata Rita Barradas
1997-01-01
O ensino da epidemiologia teve início no Brasil na década de 20 e sempre foi voltado para a saúde pública. Na década de 70, o ensino de epidemiologia passou por um crescimento em nível de pós-graduação. Os anos 80 foram marcados pela "epidemiologia social", que incorporava as ciências sociais e seus métodos; a segunda metade da década foi marcada pelo desenvolvimento das técnicas da bioestatística. No momento atual, a definição de diretrizes para o ensino da epidemiologia depende da reflexão ...
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Max Weber y Georg Simmel: ¿Dos teorías sociológicas de la modernidad?
JOSÉ Mª GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA
2000-01-01
A pesar de reconocer las diferencias entre Simmel y Weber en el análisis de la modernidad, el artículo aboga por la complementariedad de los dos enfoques: el análisis fragmentario y ensayístico de la sociedad moderna realizado por Simmel tendría su complemento más sistemático en el análisis del proceso de racionalización occidental hecho por Weber: Después de señalar la matriz intelectual común marcada por la herencia de Goethe y de Kant, así como por la recepción crítica de Marx y de Nietzsc...
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Georg Simmel y Max Weber: ¿Dos teorías sociológicas de la modernidad?
González García, José M.
2000-01-01
A pesar de reconocer las diferencias entre Simmel y Weber en el análisis de la modernidad, el artículo aboga por la complementariedad de los dos enfoques: el análisis fragmentario y ensayístico de la sociedad moderna realizado por Simmel tendría su complemento más sistemático en el análisis del proceso de racionalización occidental hecho por Weber. Después de señalar la matriz intelectual común marcada por la herencia de Goethe y de Kant, así como por la recepción crítica de Ma...
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La enseñanza del periodismo social y su aplicación. El ejemplo de Periodismo Humano
Rodríguez Montes, Alejandro
2016-01-01
La presente investigación surge del afán por conocer el alcance de la enseñanza del periodismo social en las universidades españolas de cara a una aplicación práctica, complementado con el ejemplo del medio de comunicación Periodismo Humano. En una época marcada por la globalización, en la que los intercambios culturales están a la orden del día, las condiciones de vida a lo largo y ancho del planeta difieren enormemente dependiendo del país en el que nos encontremos. Aunque se han logrado nu...
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Por uma ética do cuidado na psicanálise da criança
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Rafaela Mota Paixão França
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Resumo Ao refletir sobre a função do cuidado na constituição psíquica, este artigo discute os aspectos fundamentais para se pensar a clínica psicanalítica com crianças, marcada por um exercício ético. O estilo clínico de Winnicott e de Ferenczi, tomado como referência, favorece a proposição de que a dimensão intersubjetiva mostra-se como um elemento central à ética do cuidado em psicanálise, podendo contribuir para movimentar as práticas de cuidado na infância.
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El exilio en México de la gente común
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Ana María Serna Rodríguez
2002-10-01
Full Text Available La memoria la Guerra Civil que guardan muchos españoles está marcada por el hecho brutal del destierro. Los derrotados del bando republicano perdieron la guerra y sus hogares. Amenazados con la pena de muerte y la persecución, encontraron una opción de vida en el exilio. México acogió al mayor número de exiliados quienes harían de aquél país su domicilio permanente. La memoria de este grupo se mantiene y circula mayormente en los relatos y anécdotas familiares y, en buena medida, se ha constr...
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Francisco Luciano Teixeira Filho
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Apresenta-se a tese da ressemantização do conceito de fundamento em Adorno (1903–1969. Através de análise bibliográfica e teórica, pretende-se demonstrar como é possível pensar a fundamentação numa filosofia marcada, essencialmente, pelo fracasso do projeto iluminista recente. [This paper presents the thesis of the resemantization of the concept of foundation in Adorno (1903-1969. Through bibliographical and theoretical analysis, it is intended to demonstrate how it is possible to think the foundation in a philosophy marked, essentially, by the failure of recent Enlightenment project.
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COPI: transgressão e escrita transformista
Teixeira, Renata Pimentel
2007-01-01
Copi é o pseudônimo sob o qual foi assinada a obra de Raul Damonte Botana, nascido em Buenos Aires, em 1939, e morto em Paris (de Aids), em 1987. Egresso de uma família vinculada à cultura e à política (neto de Natálio Botana, fundador do diário Crítica), que se opôs à ditadura peronista, por isso acabou por exilar-se no Uruguai e, depois, em Paris; onde se instalou definitivamente, em 1962. Toda sua obra é marcada por humor e grande violência transgressora, além de uma crítica...
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Expressões da Antiguidade na Arte e Literatura Modernas e Contemporâneas. Livro de resumos
Caramelo, Francisco
2017-01-01
Livro de resumos do colóquio internacional «Expressões da Antiguidade na Arte e Literatura Modernas e Contemporâneas», organizado pelo grupo de investigação «A Antiguidade e a sua Recepção», do CHAM. Este encontro pretende impulsionar o debate científico no âmbito dos estudos da recepção da Antiguidade, no que respeita às épocas moderna e contemporânea do mundo ocidental, já que estas foram marcadas por um renovado interesse pelo mundo antigo. Da recuperação dos cânones clássicos, no século X...
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Swanni Alvarado R.
2005-07-01
que el BNM tiene los valores más altos de diversidad y la mayor riqueza, mientras que la menor diversidad y riqueza fue encontrada en el BR. El BNM y el BR son más similares según el índice de Morisita y un análisis de Cluster. Para ordenar las especies por las variables morfológicas externas se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales, el cual mostró una agrupación de especies pequeñas y otra de especies intermedias, que podría estar indicando que no hay una competencia marcada por un mismo recurso.
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MANUEL JUSTEL
1982-01-01
Se analizan los resultados de una encuesta de opinión sobre la policía llevada a cabo en España en 1980. Se tiene en cuenta: la profesionalidad del servicio, la imagen pública, la sensación de protección y miedo al tratar con la policía, la defensa de los derechos humanos y libertades, la colaboración ciudadana con la policía, su relación con la llegada de la democracia. Se encuentran marcadas diferencias de opinión dependiendo de la edad, región y afiliación política. Para confirmar estos re...
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Malformación arteriovenosa uterina: A propósito de un caso
Badía Agustí, Paloma; Tamarit Bordes, Silvia; Alcover Barrachina, Inmaculada; Tamarit Bordes, Gemma; Pérez-Moneo Pérez, Patricia; Reyes Balanzá Chancosa, María
2016-01-01
Paciente de 37 años que acudió a urgencias por metrorragia, G3P1A2, el último de ellos un aborto tardío en gestación gemelar monocorial biamniótica de 20 semanas hacía dos meses. En la ecografía destaca en zona miometrial un área de marcada vascularización de 67 x 45 mm. Tras descartar proceso residual gestacional y ante la sospecha de malformación arteriovenosa uterina se solicitó resonancia magnética nuclear y angiotac, tras confirmar la malformación vascular se programó para embolización d...
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Letramento digital de idoso no contexto da EJA em Mossoró-RN
Lima, Samuel de Carvalho; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, campus Mossoró; Almeida, Lúrya Valéria de Oliveira Sousa; Secretaria do Desenvolvimento Social e Juventude, Prefeitura Municipal de Mossoró
2015-01-01
Resumo: A sociedade brasileira contemporânea é marcada pela cultura tecnológica, cujas práticas sociais são mediadas pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Essas TICs têm alterado a rotina de muitos sujeitos, sendo que aqueles que não se aproximam dessas acabam por não participar de processos sociais ou de estratégias de facilitação na realização dos mesmos no cotidiano, através de mensagens instantâneas, pagamento de contas online, cursos à distância, entre outros. O idoso, par...
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Tenosinovitis por virus Chikungunya
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Alfredo Seijo
2014-12-01
Full Text Available Se presenta a la consulta un hombre proveniente de la República Dominicana con una tenosinovitis del extensor del dedo medio derecho; en la convalecencia inmediata, segunda curva febril luego de 48 horas de permanecer asintomático de una enfermedad febril aguda, y marcada astenia, exantema pruriginoso, poliartralgias con impotencia funcional y rigidez articular generalizada. Los exámenes bioquímicos no aportaron datos de interés para el diagnóstico. La serología para virus dengue fue negativa. La detección de IgM y de anticuerpos neutralizantes para virus Chikungunya (CHIKV fueron positivos.
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Retrograde tracheal intubation in a patient with temporomaxillary joint ankylosis
Espinoza Mendoza, Freddy; Alvarado Rivera, Jesús; León Meléndez, María Elena
2012-01-01
La vía aérea difícil es uno de los mayores retos para el anestesiólogo y la técnica de intubación traqueal retrógrada es considerada una opción válida pero poco utilizada cuando se presenta una intubación difícil. Se comunica el caso de un paciente de 59 años, programado para amputación supracondílea de pierna, con antecedente de anquilosis de la articulación temporomaxilar secundaria a fractura de la rama ascendente del maxilar inferior. Al examen físico presentaba limitación marcada de la a...
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Relato de caso: transtorno afetivo bipolar
Carlos Von Krakauer Hübner; Edson Vinicius Milanello; Maria Fernanda Moro Barbieri; Marcelo Ricardo de Oliveira Barcelos; Lucas Augusto Ayres Ribas
2016-01-01
Introdução: O transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) é uma doença crônica e grave, marcada pela variância de episódios depressivos com episódios de mania ou hipomania, podendo haver sintomas psicóticos. É classificado em dois tipos, I e II. Sua etiologia é desconhecida, mas supõe-se que envolva influências genéticas e ambientais, variando a cada indivíduo afetado. As apresentações clínicas do TAB podem variar de episódios leves de depressão ou hipomania até episódios depressivos graves ou mania aco...
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Daniel Hernández Díaz
2005-03-01
Full Text Available Se presentó el caso de una paciente de 42 años de edad, raza blanca, que presentó hiperpigmentación dérmica en cara, cuello y parte superior del tórax, decaimiento, cefalea occipital y pérdida de peso, posteriormente le aparecen manchas blanquecinas en las zonas hiperpigmentadas que le producen prurito y ardentía intensa. En los estudios que se le realizaron la eritrosedimentación siempre tuvo cifras elevadas, se informó una marcada agrupación eritrocitaria y hepatomegalia ligera, en las dos biopsias de piel que se le hicieron no se concluyó diagnóstico, el informe de la biopsia de médula ósea fue: infiltrado intersticial por células plasmáticas maduras e inmaduras, marcada osteosclerosis, compatible con un mieloma osteosclerótico. En los días que se esperaba el resultado de este estudio inició un síndrome febril agudo acompañado de sudoración, falta de aire intensa y fallece.A 42 year old Caucasian female patient presented dermic hyperpigmentation in face, neck and upper thoracic part. Depression, occipital headache and weight loss were other presenting symptoms; some whitish spots appeared in those hyperpigmented zones producing itch and burning pain. Erytrosedimentation tests always had augmented level a marked erythrocyte aggregation and mild hepatomegaly were observed. Diagnosis was not concluded in two skin biopsies performed. The report of bone marrow biopsy was: interstitial infiltration by mature and immature plasmatic cells a marked osteosclerosis associated with osteosclerotic myeloma. While expecting for the results of this study an acute fevered syndrome and sweating and severe dyspnea appeared and the patient died.
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Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar Deef
2017-08-01
Full Text Available ABSTRACT Quail is an important and interesting group of galliform birds. The Common quail (Coturnix coturnix; the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica; the Panda quail (Coturnix japonica; the Dotted white quail (Coturnix japonica and the Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus were used in this study. PCR-RFLP and SDS-proteins were performed to reveal the genetic characterization and genetic relationship of the studied quails. Analysis of fragments generated by digestion of PCR product with restriction enzyme NlaIII recorded highly polymorphic restriction profiles. There is a wide intraspecific COI, SEMA3E and TLX genes variability among the studied quails. Protein bands varied from10 to 18 between quails with minimum number of bands were in the Dotted white quail (10 bands and the maximum were in the Japanese quail (18 bands as measured by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Dotted white quail revealed the lowest similarity to the Bobwhite with a coefficient of 0.18 while The similarity coefficients between the Common quail and each one of the other quails were 0.67, 0.62, 0.45 and 0.42 for the Japanese, Panda, Dotted white and the Bobwhite quails, respectively. The results indicate that, PCR-RFLP and protein analyses are good techniques to evaluate genetic characterization and genetic relationship of these quails.
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Lethal and behavioral effects of chlordimeform in bobwhite.
Fleming, W J; Heinz, G H; Schuler, C A
1985-07-01
The 7-day LC50 of chlordimeform to bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) chicks was 2835 ppm (95% CI = 2169-3705 ppm). Bobwhite chicks fed 1000 ppm (approximately LC4) chlordimeform for 7 days ate less, weighed less, travelled farther from a fright stimulus in an avoidance test, and had significantly more groups make greater than or equal to 10 light beam interruptions in an open-field test at 8 days of age than bobwhite fed 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm chlordimeform (P less than or equal to 0.05). Groups fed 100 ppm (P less than or equal to 0.05) and 1000 ppm (P = 0.11) for 7 days crossed more often from the shallow to deep side of a visual cliff at 8 days of age than birds fed lesser concentrations of chlordimeform. Bobwhites were retested at 15 days of age, after being fed untreated diets for 7 days following the chlordimeform diets. The 1000 ppm group still travelled greater distances in the avoidance test (P less than or equal to 0.05). But open-field and visual cliff performances were similar to controls and other treatment groups. Chlordimeform concentrations causing behavioral aberrations in bobwhite were appreciably higher than environmental concentrations following field applications of chlordimeform.
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Ernani Aloysio Amaral
2006-01-01
Ouabaína é um derivado esteróide cardiotônico e inibidor específico da Na+K+-ATPase. Neste trabalho, os efeitos da ouabaína sobre o ciclo de vesículas sinápticas na junção neuromuscular de rã foram investigados de forma direta e dinâmica utilizando-se a sonda fluorescente FM1-43. Este marcador consiste em uma molécula anfipática com uma cauda hidrofóbica que promove a ligação da sonda à membrana do terminal axonal. Após um estímulo despolarizante, a membrana marcada com FM1-43 é internalizada...
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As concepções educacionais de Martinho Lutero The educational conceptions of Martin Luther
Luciane Muniz Ribeiro Barbosa
2007-01-01
Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a concepção de educação de Martinho Lutero no movimento da Reforma Protestante do século XVI, revelando aproximações entre história, religião e política. Em um século marcado por inúmeras indagações e mudanças, Lutero apresenta críticas em prol de uma Reforma na Igreja e também faz propostas para uma reforma da educação escolar de sua época, até então marcada pela formação exclusiva de religiosos e eclesiásticos. Ele propõe, em dois textos de sua autor...
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CULTURAL AND INGLORIOUS BASTARDS: GENDER CONFIGURATIONS IN SHANI MOOTOO’S SERIAL DIASPORA
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Sandra Regina Goulart Almeida
2011-08-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa o romance Cereus Blooms at Night, deShani Mootoo, que narra a estória de personagens dedescendência indiana que imigraram para o Caribe como mãode obra através de contratos de trabalho. Partindo de teorizaçõessobre performance de gênero, analisa a representação dessaspersonagens cujas vivências, marcadas pela violência e pelaexclusão, estão relacionadas não apenas a sua experiênciadiaspórica, mas também a suas orientações sexuais e àinadequação dos papéis de gênero às quais estão submetidas.
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Adriano Lopes Saraiva
2010-05-01
Full Text Available O artigo apresentado analisa a religiosidade popular contida nos momentos do festejar das festas de santo das comunidades ribeirinhas de São Carlos e Nazaré, localizadas no município de Porto Velho, Estado de Rondônia. Eventos religiosos que nos mostram que esses festejos são exemplificações da história cultural na qual a impregnação do universo cultural do grupo está presente; marcada por atividades coletivas, pela qualidade e quantidade da religiosidade, pela efervescência coletiva, pelas inúmeras representações de crenças e pela celebração em torno da imagem do santo protetor.
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Brincar ao género: Socialização e igualdade na educação pré-escolar
Oliveira, Catarina Sales; Mendes, Andreia
2017-01-01
Neste artigo, aborda-se a socialização de género na educação pré-escolar. Procurou-se observar como se realiza o processo de socialização de género numa sala de jardim-de-infância em que a educadora frequentou uma oficina de formação em educação de género e cidadania. Acionando uma metodologia de tipo qualitativo, o estudo decorreu numa sala de uma Instituição Privada de Solidariedade Social (IPSS). Os resultados sugerem que a socialização é fortemente marcada pelos papéis de género, o que na...
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Un siglo aún por descubrir en la Historia de España: el siglo V después de Cristo
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Francisco Javier Guzmán Armario
2016-06-01
Full Text Available El siglo V después de Cristo es, sin duda, el más desconocido de la Historia de España. Ello se debe a que, desde fines del siglo XIX, los historiadores han cultivado una imagen de esa centuria marcada por los vicios de la historiografía tradicional que incluso ha llegado a nuestro tiempo. En la actualidad, es necesario recurrir a nuevos planteamientos metodológicos (en este artículo el autor propone cuatro argumentos al respecto y a nuevas perspectivas en Arqueología si se quiere corregir esa deficiencia en un siglo tan importante para la Historia de España.
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Cosméticos Contém 1g: um caso de empreendedorismo e inovação
Guimarães,Liliane de Oliveira; Cardoza,Guillermo
2005-01-01
Este caso de ensino descreve a fundação e a expansão da Contém 1g, uma empresa brasileira do setor de higiene pessoal, perfumaria e cosméticos. Fundada em 1984 como empresa têxtil, seu proprietário redirecionou o negócio e iniciou a produção de perfumes em 1994. A história empresarial da Contém 1g é marcada pelo lançamento de novos produtos e pela utilização, a partir de determinado momento, de um sistema híbrido de vendas: venda direta e franquia. A decisão de expandir o negócio é o ponto de...
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Acidosis láctica severa y leucemia aguda
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David Loja
2004-03-01
Full Text Available Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 27 años de edad con leucemia linfoblástica aguda, quien presentó acidosis láctica severa como complicación metabólica. Ella acudió con desnutrición severa, anemia marcada y síndrome consuntivo. No había compromiso del sistema reticuloendotelial y un mielograma inicial fue normal. Estos factores retardaron el diagnóstico y obligaron a ampliar el diagnóstico diferencial. La sospecha de neoplasia hematológica asociada a acidosis láctica sin causa aparente permitió reevaluar el caso con un nuevo mielograma y establecer el diagnóstico.
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Are all Dollars Equal? The Meanings Behind Migrants’ Financial Transfers
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Diana Mata-Codesal
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo ofrece un análisis detallado de las transferencias monetarias entre per-sonas migrantes y sus familias en dos zonas rurales de los Andes ecuatorianos. Seidentifican y analizan cinco transferencias distintas: remesas sustento, ahorros delas personas migrantes, pago de deudas, dinero para emergencias y dinero-regalo.En cada caso, los significados asociados a los dólares recibidos son diferentes. Paraentender plenamente las transferencias de dinero entre las personas migrantes y susfamilias, hay que mirar la relación que se existe entre ambos grupos. Esta relaciónque incluye mutuas y a veces divergentes expectativas y obligaciones, es compleja yestá marcada por cuestiones de género, edad y parentesco.
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Literatura e Direitos Humanos: Questões sobre Alteridade e Identidade
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Ana Paula Cabrera
2015-07-01
Full Text Available Este artigo propõe um estudo sobre a presença do outro, sua adaptação ou segregação dentro do contexto que o recebe, bem como as relações de poder que se estabelecem a partir deste encontro. Do mesmo modo, desenvolvem-se reflexões relacionadas ao assédio moral e sexual nas relações de trabalho de imigrantes. No contexto da alteridade, a análise focaliza a cotidianidade da protagonista de Susanna Tamaro, e os embates que ela enfrenta, apontando como a construção de sentido em um ambiente hostil é marcada pela instabilidade: ora aflorando, ora se dissolvendo.
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Tercera cultura: la versión ibérica
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Angel Gordo
2011-06-01
Full Text Available Durante las últimas décadas hemos presenciado la aparición de una vanguardia científica, conocida como la Tercera Cultura, de marcada naturaleza mediática y que suscita el interés de intelectuales de muy diversa índole, aunque todos ellos a favor de que la ciencia sea juez y parte en la toma de decisiones de profundo calado social y político. A modo tentativo planteo que algunas de las colaboraciones y los discursos que simpatizan con la Tercera Cultura en el contexto español ayudan a visualizar un complejo entramado de afinidades sociopolíticas y un pensamiento evolutivista en expansión.
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La cultura del oro y el agua. Un proyecto de reconstrucción
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Clemencia Plazas
1986-01-01
Full Text Available El interés por la sociedad que habitó las llanuras bajas del Caribe bañadas por los ríos Sínú y San Jorge, se concentró durante siglos en su orfebrería. Piezas maravillosas caracterizadas por el trabajo en filigrana y sobresalientes por la representación realista de seres humanos y animales, sobre todo aves de vistoso plumaje, la gran cantidad de oro zenú avivó la codicia de los conquistadores, que obsesionados con la idea de El Dorado partían desde Cartagena en busca de la riqueza de sus tumbas, marcadas, según se decía, con árboles adornados de campanas de oro.
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Síndrome de Ayerza (Cardiacos negros
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Gabriel Toro Villa
1941-09-01
Full Text Available Hacia 1930 tuve oportunidad de examinar un caballero cuyos antecedentes me eran conocidos por haber sido su médico en otras enfermedades. Se trataba de un hacendado de muy buena constitución, buenos hábitos, marcada actividad y mucho ánimo para el trabajo. En dos ocasiones distintas hube de prestarle servicios para ataques palúdicos. Mas tarde, siendo como era persona bien conocida, supe que estaba gravemente enfermo de bronconeumonía; mejoró de ella pero no de una manera completa porque entonces principiaron sus molestias cardíacas para las cuales fuí consultado por recomendación de su médico.
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La circunstancia social en el arte
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Luis Vidales
1966-05-01
Full Text Available III. Plasmaciones de la estructura social en el arte de Grecia. Primera parte Según la cronología usual, hacia el año 4500 antes de Cristo surgen en Babilonia y Egipto formas sociales y económicas nuevas, como culminación de la introducción de los metales. Hacia el año 2600 aparece un centro de actividad en el archipiélago o Mar Egeo. Hay una crisis hacia el año mil, o siglo X antes de Cristo, marcada por la invasión de los dorios, que venían del norte de los Balcanes. Llegaron en tribus constituídas en forma comunalista primitiva.
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Mestiçagem e perversão sexual em Gilberto Freyre e Arthur de Gobineau
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Alexandre Almeida Marcussi
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Casa-grande & senzala, de Gilberto Freyre, consolidou na cultura nacional a valorização da mestiçagem racial como um dos mais sólidos fundamentos da sociedade brasileira. Este artigo empreende uma releitura da tese freyreana da miscigenação, identificando-a como resultado de uma relação erotizada marcada pelo sadismo dos brancos e pelo masoquismo dos negros. Essa noção será comparada com as teses lançadas por Arthur de Gobineau em seu Ensaio sobre a desigualdade das raças humanas (1853-1855, evidenciando os afastamentos e semelhanças que unem a obra freyreana a um importante representante do pensamento racialista.
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Alfred Russel Wallace and the destruction of island life: the Iguana tragedy.
Kutschera, Ulrich; Kleinhans, Simon
2013-12-01
The Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) are usually associated with the explorations and theoretical deductions of Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), but Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) also investigated these islands and published several reports on the living world of this unique archipelago. In contrast to Darwin, Wallace described the destruction of natural ecosystems by humans and foresaw the resulting extinction of species. Here, we outline two case studies pertinent to Wallace's prediction. First, we summarize the behavior of the predator-naive marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on the Galápagos Islands, which are threatened by feral dogs and cats imported by humans. We also describe the unique life cycle of the spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri) from the island of Utila (Honduras), a rare species whose populations are declining because of habitat destructions. In contrast to these threatened, endemic island species, the Green iguana (Iguana iguana) is still widely distributed, although, as a result of de-forestation, in some areas of South America local populations have disappeared. We conclude that Wallace was correct in his prediction that, because of human activities, numerous species of animals and plants will be driven to extinction, notably on islands.
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Nakamura, Alex Akira; Simões, Daniel Castendo; Antunes, Rômulo Godik; da Silva, Deuvânia Carvalho; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos
2009-12-03
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in birds kept in captivity in Brazil. A total of 966 samples from 18 families of birds was collected and stored in 5% potassium dichromate solution at 4 degrees C until processing. Oocysts were purified in Sheather sugar solution following extraction of genomic DNA. Molecular analyses were performed using nested-PCR for amplification of fragments of the 18S subunit of rRNA gene and of the actin gene. Amplification of Cryptosporidium DNA fragments was obtained in 47 (4.86%) samples. Sequencing of amplified fragments and phylogenetic analyses allowed the identification of Cryptosporidium baileyi in a black vulture (Coragyps atratus), a domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and a saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola); Cryptosporidium galli in canaries (Serinus canaria), a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) and lesser seed-finches (Oryzoborus angolensis); Cryptosporidium meleagridis in a domestic chicken (G. g. domesticus); Cryptosporidium parvum in a cockatiel (N. hollandicus); Cryptosporidium avian genotype I in a canary (S. canaria) and an Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus); Cryptosporidium avian genotype II in ostriches (Struthio camelus) and Cryptosporidium avian genotype III in a cockatiel (N. hollandicus) and a peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicolis).
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Traditional knowledge on zootherapeutic uses by the Saharia tribe of Rajasthan, India
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Jaroli DP
2007-06-01
Full Text Available Abstract The present zootherapeutic study describes the traditional knowledge related to the use of different animals and animal-derived products as medicines by the Saharia tribe reside in the Shahabad and Kishanganj Panchayat Samiti's of Baran district of Rajasthan, India. A field survey was conducted from April to June 2006 by performing interview through structured questionnaire with 21 selected respondents, who provided information regarding use of animals and their products in folk medicine. A total of 15 animal species were recorded and they are used for different ethnomedical purposes, including cough, asthma, tuberculosis, paralysis, earache, herpes, weakness, muscular pain etc. The zootherapeutic knowledge was mostly based on domestic animals, but some protected species like the peacock (Pavo cristatus,, hard shelled turtle (Kachuga tentoria, sambhar (Cervus unicolor were also mentioned as medicinal resources. We would suggest that this kind of neglected traditional knowledge should be included into the strategies of conservation and management of faunistic resources. Further studies are required for experimental validation to confirm the presence of bioactive compounds in these traditional remedies and also to emphasize more sustainable use of these resources.
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Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in captive animals in Paraíba State
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Arthur Brasil
2013-12-01
Full Text Available The aim of this survey was to verify the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in captive animals in the Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 49 animals: 26 mammals of the species Sapajus libidinosus, Cebus flavius, Saimiri sciureu, Coendu sp., Pseudalopex vetulus, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus tigrinus, Galactitis vitata, Eira barbara, Nasua nasua, Tayassu tajacu and Ratus norvegicus; 10 birds of the species Penelope jacucaca, Pavo cristatus, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Ara chlorothpterus, Pionites leucogaster, Polyborus plancus, Geranoaetus melanoleucus and Urubitinga urubitinga; and 13 reptiles of the species Caiman latirostris, Paleosuchus trigonatus, Caiman crocodilus, Tupinabis merinae, Tupinambis teguixin, Boa constrictor, Corallus hortulanus, Python molurus, Bufocephala vanderhaegei, Geochelone denticulata and Geochelone carboraria. Sera were examined by the microscopic agglutination teste (MAT using 24 serovars as antigens and cut-off point of 1:100. One ocelot (Leopardo pardalis presented positive reaction for the Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar with titer of 100, however, it did not show any clinical sign of the infection. Sinantropic rodents are the main reservoirs of this serovar, which suggests the need of maintenance and continuous evaluation of rodent control programs.
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Wheeler, Emily; Cann, Isaac K O; Mackie, Roderick I
2011-04-01
Salmonella carriage patterns in wild and captive reptiles suggest that both geographical proximity and host ecological differences may determine bacterial diversity among reptile populations. In this study, we explore the relative importance of these factors on Salmonella diversity in free-living Galápagos iguanas. We isolated Salmonella enterica from marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) and land iguanas (Conolophus subcristatus and C. pallidus) living on two islands (Plaza Sur and Santa Fe). We evaluated Salmonella population patterns using genomic fingerprints, sequence typing and serotyping. Rep-PCR fingerprinting revealed significant grouping of isolates by iguana population. Island residence had the strongest effect on isolate similarity, but a smaller divergence among Salmonella isolates from different iguana ecotypes (land versus marine) was detected within each island. In contrast, sequence typing detected a marginal difference in isolate genotypes between islands. Sequence types corresponded strongly to serotype identity, with both islands hosting a unique serovar pool. Our findings suggest that both geographical location and host ecotype differences (either from within host strain selection or from differences in habitat use) contribute to Salmonella population patterns in the Galápagos Islands. © 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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High costs of female choice in a lekking lizard.
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Maren N Vitousek
2007-06-01
Full Text Available Although the cost of mate choice is an essential component of the evolution and maintenance of sexual selection, the energetic cost of female choice has not previously been assessed directly. Here we report that females can incur high energetic costs as a result of discriminating among potential mates. We used heart rate biologging to quantify energetic expenditure in lek-mating female Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus. Receptive females spent 78.9+/-23.2 kJ of energy on mate choice over a 30-day period, which is equivalent to approximately (3/4 of one day's energy budget. Females that spent more time on the territories of high-quality, high-activity males displayed greater energetic expenditure on mate choice, lost more mass, and showed a trend towards producing smaller follicles. Choosy females also appear to face a reduced probability of survival if El Niño conditions occur in the year following breeding. These findings indicate that female choice can carry significant costs, and suggest that the benefits that lek-mating females gain through mating with a preferred male may be higher than previously predicted.
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Inventory of the pool frog, newt and gulyxne in Forsmark 2012
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Collinder, Per
2013-01-01
On assignment from the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB), Ekologigruppen AB carried out inventories of species populations during the summer of 2012. Species included in the study are described in three separate chapters of this report. The three species were pool frog Rana lessonae, great crested newt Triturus cristatus, and fen orchid Liparis loeselii. SKB will follow up the development of the local populations. Inventory of pool frogs are already a follow-up on a study carried out in 2011. Concern for these species is due to their protection within the EU system of species and habitat protection. Construction of the planned depository for used nuclear fuel will involve redirection of groundwater, which could potentially drain these wetlands. The three species pool frog, great crested newt and fen orchid are inventoried by well-documented procedures, which will allow repletion of the study at the same locals and according to the same methods during consequent years. The inventories are not complete in the sense that they would give number of individuals in a local population. Rather, the result should be regarded as an index for comparison and monitoring
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Collinder, Per [Ekologigruppen AB, Stockholm (Sweden)
2013-01-15
On assignment from the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB), Ekologigruppen AB carried out inventories of species populations during the summer of 2012. Species included in the study are described in three separate chapters of this report. The three species were pool frog Rana lessonae, great crested newt Triturus cristatus, and fen orchid Liparis loeselii. SKB will follow up the development of the local populations. Inventory of pool frogs are already a follow-up on a study carried out in 2011. Concern for these species is due to their protection within the EU system of species and habitat protection. Construction of the planned depository for used nuclear fuel will involve redirection of groundwater, which could potentially drain these wetlands. The three species pool frog, great crested newt and fen orchid are inventoried by well-documented procedures, which will allow repletion of the study at the same locals and according to the same methods during consequent years. The inventories are not complete in the sense that they would give number of individuals in a local population. Rather, the result should be regarded as an index for comparison and monitoring.
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Luisa Maria Sarmento-Soares
Full Text Available Parotocinclus arandai, new species of the hypoptopomatine catfish, is described from small creeks in the upper rios Jucuruçu and Buranhém basins, at the border of Brazilian States of Bahia and Minas Gerais. Parotocinclus arandai is distinguished from all congeners from the Atlantic coastal basins of southeastern and eastern Brazil, except Parotocinclus bahiensis, by having the branched rays and interradial membranes of the pectoral and pelvic fins unpigmented in ventral view. The new species is distinguished from most Parotocinclus species, by having a small eye, 14.8-19.3 mm HL (except P. maculicauda and P. planicauda and by the presence of a tuft of hypertrophied odontodes on the supraoccipital (except P. cristatus and P. cesarpintoi. Parotocinclus arandai is further distinguished by having an abdomen extensively naked, with a mosaic of few rounded platelets of irregular size and distributed over the pre-anal region (except P. bahiensis, P. minutus, P. spilosoma, P. cearensis, P. cesarpintoi and P. prata. A detailed comparison with congeners on eastern Brazil hydrographical region is provided, and information on the species habitat is given.
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Wirtz, Peter
1998-06-01
The benthic ctenophore Vallicula multiformis, a large undescribed flatworm species of the genus Pseudoceros, the prosobranch gastropod Tonna maculosa, the opisthobranch gastropods Placida cf. dendritica, Caloria elegans, Aeolidiella sanguinea, Janolus cristatus, the decapod Balssia gasti, the sea urchin Schizaster canaliferus and the tunicates Clavelina lepadiformis, Clavelina dellavallei and Pycnoclavella taureanensis are recorded from Madeira for the first time. This is the first record of a platyctenid ctenophore in the eastern Atlantic. The teleost fishes Pomatoschistus pictus, Vaneaugobius canariensis, Chromogobius sp., Nerophis ophidion, Hippocampus hippocampus, Acanthocybium solandri, Sphyraena viridensis and Sphyraena barracuda are recorded from Madeira for the first time. The presence of the sea-hare Aplysia dactylomela at Madeira is confirmed; the species has increased tremendously in abundance in the last four years. The crocodile fish Grammoplites gruveli can occasionally be found in the mantle cavity of cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis) sold at the fish market of Funchal, but does not originate from Madeiran waters. An analysis of 100 new records from the coastal fauna of Madeira shows that, while predominantly of lusitanian, mediterranean and mauritanian affinity, Madeira’s shallow water fauna contains a large component of tropical species.
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Spizaetus hawk-eagles as predators of arboreal colobines.
Fam, S D; Nijman, V
2011-04-01
The predation pressure put on primates by diurnal birds of prey differs greatly between continents. Africa and South America have specialist raptors (e.g. crowned hawk-eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus and harpy eagle Harpia harpyja) whereas in Asia the only such specialist's (Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi) distribution is largely allopatric with primates. The almost universal absence of polyspecific groups in Asia (common in Africa and South America) may indicate reduced predation pressure. As such there is almost no information on predation pressures on primates in Asia by raptors. Here we report successful predation of a juvenile banded langur Presbytis femoralis (~2 kg) by a changeable hawk-eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus. The troop that was attacked displayed no signs of being alarmed, and no calls were made before the event. We argue that in insular Southeast Asia, especially, large Spizaetus hawk-eagles (~2 kg) are significant predators of arboreal colobines. Using data on the relative size of sympatric Spizaetus hawk-eagles and colobines we make predictions on where geographically we can expect the highest predation pressure (Thai-Malay Peninsula) and which colobines are least (Nasalis larvatus, Trachypithecus auratus, P. thomasi) and most (P. femoralis, T. cristatus) affected.
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Chumbe, Ana; Izquierdo-Lara, Ray; Tataje-Lavanda, Luis; Figueroa, Aling; Segovia, Karen; Gonzalez, Rosa; Cribillero, Giovana; Montalvan, Angela; Fernández-Díaz, Manolo; Icochea, Eliana
2015-07-30
Here, we report the first complete sequence and biological characterization of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from a peacock in South America (NDV/peacock/Peru/2011). This isolate, classified as genotype XII in class II, highlights the need for increased surveillance of noncommercial avian species. Copyright © 2015 Chumbe et al.
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Chiari, Ylenia; Glaberman, Scott; Tarroso, Pedro; Caccone, Adalgisa; Claude, Julien
2016-07-01
Oceanic islands are often inhabited by endemic species that have undergone substantial morphological evolutionary change due to processes of multiple colonizations from various source populations, dispersal, and local adaptation. Galápagos marine iguanas are an example of an island endemic exhibiting high morphological diversity, including substantial body size variation among populations and sexes, but the causes and magnitude of this variation are not well understood. We obtained morphological measurements from marine iguanas throughout their distribution range. These data were combined with genetic and local environmental data from each population to investigate the effects of evolutionary history and environmental conditions on body size and shape variation and sexual dimorphism. Our results indicate that body size and shape are highly variable among populations. Sea surface temperature and island perimeter, but not evolutionary history as depicted by phylogeographic patterns in this species, explain variation in body size among populations. Conversely, evolutionary history, but not environmental parameters or island size, was found to influence variation in body shape among populations. Finally, in all populations except one, we found strong sexual dimorphism in body size and shape in which males are larger, with higher heads than females, while females have longer heads than males. Differences among populations suggest that plasticity and/or genetic adaptation may shape body size and shape variation in marine iguanas. This study will help target future investigations to address the contribution of plasticity versus genetic adaptation on size and shape variation in marine iguanas.
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Genetic impact of a severe El Niño event on Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus).
Steinfartz, Sebastian; Glaberman, Scott; Lanterbecq, Deborah; Marquez, Cruz; Rassmann, Kornelia; Caccone, Adalgisa
2007-12-12
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source of climatic disturbance, impacting the dynamics of ecosystems worldwide. Recent models predict that human-generated rises in green-house gas levels will cause an increase in the strength and frequency of El Niño warming events in the next several decades, highlighting the need to understand the potential biological consequences of increased ENSO activity. Studies have focused on the ecological and demographic implications of El Niño in a range of organisms, but there have been few systematic attempts to measure the impact of these processes on genetic diversity in populations. Here, we evaluate whether the 1997-1998 El Niño altered the genetic composition of Galápagos marine iguana populations from eleven islands, some of which experienced mortality rates of up to 90% as a result of El Niño warming. Specifically, we measured the temporal variation in microsatellite allele frequencies and mitochondrial DNA diversity (mtDNA) in samples collected before (1991/1993) and after (2004) the El Niño event. Based on microsatellite data, only one island (Marchena) showed signatures of a genetic bottleneck, where the harmonic mean of the effective population size (N(e)) was estimated to be less than 50 individuals during the period between samplings. Substantial decreases in mtDNA variation between time points were observed in populations from just two islands (Marchena and Genovesa). Our results suggests that, for the majority of islands, a single, intense El Niño event did not reduce marine iguana populations to the point where substantial neutral genetic diversity was lost. In the case of Marchena, simultaneous changes to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation may also be the result of a volcanic eruption on the island in 1991. Therefore, studies that seek to evaluate the genetic impact of El Niño must also consider the confounding or potentially synergistic effect of other environmental and biological forces shaping populations.
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Genetic impact of a severe El Niño event on Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus.
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Sebastian Steinfartz
2007-12-01
Full Text Available The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO is a major source of climatic disturbance, impacting the dynamics of ecosystems worldwide. Recent models predict that human-generated rises in green-house gas levels will cause an increase in the strength and frequency of El Niño warming events in the next several decades, highlighting the need to understand the potential biological consequences of increased ENSO activity. Studies have focused on the ecological and demographic implications of El Niño in a range of organisms, but there have been few systematic attempts to measure the impact of these processes on genetic diversity in populations. Here, we evaluate whether the 1997-1998 El Niño altered the genetic composition of Galápagos marine iguana populations from eleven islands, some of which experienced mortality rates of up to 90% as a result of El Niño warming. Specifically, we measured the temporal variation in microsatellite allele frequencies and mitochondrial DNA diversity (mtDNA in samples collected before (1991/1993 and after (2004 the El Niño event. Based on microsatellite data, only one island (Marchena showed signatures of a genetic bottleneck, where the harmonic mean of the effective population size (N(e was estimated to be less than 50 individuals during the period between samplings. Substantial decreases in mtDNA variation between time points were observed in populations from just two islands (Marchena and Genovesa. Our results suggests that, for the majority of islands, a single, intense El Niño event did not reduce marine iguana populations to the point where substantial neutral genetic diversity was lost. In the case of Marchena, simultaneous changes to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation may also be the result of a volcanic eruption on the island in 1991. Therefore, studies that seek to evaluate the genetic impact of El Niño must also consider the confounding or potentially synergistic effect of other environmental and biological forces shaping populations.
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Como tem se dado a atuação do assistente social nas empresas privadas?
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Stephania Lani de Lacerda Reis Gavioli de Abreu
2016-05-01
Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar como vem se dando a atuação do assistente social nas empresas privadas. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediante entrevistas com profissionais da área, através de roteiro semi-estruturado, em seis empresas privadas. Como principais resultados observou-se que a atuação do assistente social nas empresas privadas é marcada por diversos antagonismos, no entanto, acredita-se ser possível direcionar seu trabalho para os interesses dos trabalhadores em paralelo aos interesses de lucratividade do capital, realizando-os por meio de estratégias articuladas ao projeto ético-político do Serviço Social.
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Luis Alfredo Martínez Martínez
2002-05-01
Full Text Available El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la utilización de las aptitudes de Inteligencia Emocional como herramienta para el liderazgo en PDVSA, Unidad de Negocios del Distrito Lagunillas, mediante estudio de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, diseño de campo no experimental transversal, encuesta a muestra representativa de 61 trabajadores y entrevistas a gerentes. Concluyéndose la presencia de fortalezas, como el liderazgo y la aceptación hacia el uso de aptitudes emocionales y debilidades, como el escaso conocimiento teórico de IE, incompleto desarrollo de habilidades sociales y marcada tendencia al perfeccionamiento técnico en detrimento de habilidades como la motivación y el trabajo en equipo.
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manifestação de síndrome anti-sintetase
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Mário Pires
2014-03-01
Apresentamos o caso de um homem com diagnóstico efectuado há 13 anos, no contexto de internamento por uma “pneumonia”, com queixas de dispneia para esforços e cansaço fácil com 3 meses de evolução. Durante o internamento é identificada uma doença pulmonar intersticial e, posteriormente surge um quadro de mialgias com elevação marcada das enzimas musculares. A electromiografia mostrou um padrão sugestivo de miopatia e identificou-se anticorpos anti-Jo-1, estabelecendo-se o diagnóstico de síndrome anti-sintetase. Sob terapêutica imunossupressora desde então, mantém seguimento em consulta externa, encontrando-se clinicamente bem.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adriana Cox Hollos
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Este número da Revista Acesso Livre apresenta o Dossiê História, Arquivo e Memória, cuja reflexão se volta às possíveis relações que podem ser estabelecidas entre tais categorias. Em uma sociedade que não tem tratado sua memória com a devida atenção e que tem sido marcada pelo uso onipresente de tecnologias digitais que desterritorializam a informação de seus suportes materiais e tornam a memória algo ainda mais efêmero que a sua própria natureza, os temas da memória e da história são, sem dúvida, muito bem vindos.
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El Cauca, un río "desenfrenadamente raudo"
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Luis Horacio López Domínguez
2013-09-01
Full Text Available En sus cuencas de drenaje el río Cauca ha sido escenario de numerosos sucesos históricos del occidente de Colombia que se semejan al curso mismo, colmado de atavismos y de retos de supervivencia ambiental, marcados por catástrofes naturales y desafueros, desencadenados por una presión antrópica, impuesta esta por quienes han incursionado a sangre y fuego para explotar sus recursos por siglos. Historia del río marcada por altibajos sociales como su lecho, apenas consignados por cronistas de Indias y por registros documentales del acontecer fluvial, visible a tramos, en archivos, crónicas lugareñas y por la exhumación arqueológica amenazada por una guaquería sin sosiegos.
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Oftalmoplegia internuclear em paciente com mielose funicular
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J. Lamartine de Assis
1968-06-01
Full Text Available É relatado um caso de oftalmoplegia internuclear, tipo posterior, com manifestações oculares bilaterais e assimétricas em paciente com mielose funicular. O diagnóstico da natureza da moléstia foi comprovado pela prova de absorção da vitamina B12 radioativa marcada com 57Co (método de Schilling. Foram realizados três exames electromiográficos do músculo reto mediai mais afetado (esquerdo, com intervalos de 45 a 90 dias, não tendo havido modificação dos traçados. O electromiograma nada mostrou de específico e permitiu excluir lesão neurogênica (paresia ou paralisia do 3.° nervo e muscular propriamente dita (miopatia.
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Neumonía eosinofílica: presentación de dos casos, agudo y crónico
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Oscar Pamo Reyna
2007-01-01
Full Text Available Se presenta dos casos de neumonía eosinofílica idiopática, uno crónico y otro agudo. En el caso clínico 1 se realizó una confirmación anatomopatológica de neumonía eosinofílica idiopática y en el caso clínico 2 se tuvo una neumonia eosinofílica aguda probable. Ambos presentaron tos, fiebre y disnea. El estudio radiográfico reveló lesiones alveolares bilaterales con tendencia a la consolidación. La marcada eosinofilia en sangre periférica fue un dato resaltante que facilitó el diagnóstico. Ambos casos tuvieron muy buena respuesta a la corticoterapia.(Rev Med Hered 2007;18:39-44.
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Femineidad y ficción en la obra operística de Richard Strauss
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María José Sánchez Usón
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Tras la muerte de Wagner y Brahms, Richard Straussemergió como uno de los compositores más importantesy populares de la música del siglo XX. Su trayectoria vitaly profesional, azarosa y turbulenta, al igual que las décadasque vivió, estuvo marcada por la realidad femenina.Es innegable que las mujeres de la vida de Strauss, todasde fuerte y distintiva personalidad, dejaron en él huellastan hondas que fue necesario llevarlas a escena, no sólocomo una aportación valiosa a la tipología caracterológicafemenina, sino también como un ejercicio terapéuticopersonal. Así, mujeres reales y mujeres ficticias se confundenen sus obras en un proceso creativo único: el delhombre-artista.
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NGULAN MAPU (ARAUCANÍA: LA ‘PACIFICACIÓN’ Y SU RELATO HISTORIOGRÁFICO, 1900-1973
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LEONARDO LEÓN
2011-06-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza el relato historiográfico relativo al proceso de ocupación de las tierras mapuches por parte del Estado chileno. Se trata de reconocer, clarificar, establecer los paradigmas que infiltran y contaminan la transparencia y lucidez de la conciencia histórica chilena sobre los mapuches. Por sobre todo, se requiere revisar a fondo el sustrato gnoseológico sobre el cual se construye ‘nuestra’ mirada actual de una tradición de investigación y búsqueda que se fue construyendo sin preguntarse sobre la solidez de sus cimientos, guiándose por el prisma ideológico de una época marcada por el racismo y el evolucionismo social.
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Yesica Jimena Leguizamón
2010-04-01
Full Text Available Parte del conocimiento y la comprensión que poseemos de las sociedades del mundo antiguo procede del análisis de los textos literarios. El eje estructurador es el derrumbe de los valores y las instituciones que organizaron la vida quienes habitaron el Antiguo Egipto en el paso del Reino Antiguo al Reino Medio. Analizaremos la Profecía de Neferty ylas Admoniciones de Ipuwer. Habrían sido elaborados durante el Reino Medio y poseerían connotaciones propagandísticas de legitimación y justificación de la toma del poder por parte de Amenemhat I y sus sucesores. Elaborados dentro de los círculos palatinos, poseen una marcada intencionalidad política
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Vrba, Vladimir; Pakandl, Michal
2015-03-15
Protozoan parasites of the Eimeria genus have undergone extensive speciation and are now represented by a myriad of species that are specialised to different hosts. These species are highly host-specific and usually parasitise single host species, with only few reported exceptions. Doubts regarding the strict host specificity were frequent in the original literature describing coccidia parasitising domestic turkeys. The availability of pure characterised lines of turkey and chicken Eimeria species along with the recently developed quantitative PCR identification of these species allowed to investigate the issue of host specificity using well-controlled cross-transmission experiments. Seven species of gallinaceous birds (Gallus gallus, Meleagris gallopavo, Alectoris rufa, Perdix perdix, Phasianus colchicus, Numida meleagris and Colinus virginianus) were inoculated with six species and strains of turkey Eimeria and six species of chicken coccidia and production of oocysts was monitored. Turkey Eimeria species E. dispersa, E. innocua and E. meleagridis could complete their development in the hosts from different genera or even different families. Comparison of phylogenetic positions of these Eimeria species according to 18S rDNA and COI showed that the phylogeny cannot explain the observed patterns of host specificity. These findings suggest that the adaptation of Eimeria parasites to foreign hosts is possible and might play a significant role in the evolution and diversification of this genus. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Studies on the protein and sulfur amino acid requirements of young bobwhite quail
Serafin, J.A.
1977-01-01
Four experiments were conducted with purified diets to examine the influence of protein level and to estimate the sulfur amino acid (S.A.A.) requirement of young Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). These studies demonstrated (I) that 26% protein was sufficient for rapid growth when the diet was supplemented with methionine; (2) that diets containing higher levels of protein (29.3% and 31.3%) failed to support satisfactory growth unless they contained supplemental methionine; and (3) that young Bobwhite quail require no more than 1.0% sulfur-containing amino acids for optimal growth and efficiency of feed utilization. A fifth experiment was conducted to examine the protein and S.A.A. requirements of young Bobwhite quail using practical rations and to compare results with those obtained with purified diets. Diets containing 24%, 26% and 28% protein were supplied with and without supplemental methionine in a five week study. Results showed significant growth responses to protein and supplemental methionine. Responses showed that Bobwhite quail require no more than 26% protein for maximum growth and efficiency of feed utilization when the S.A.A. level of the diet was approximately 1.0%. The results were in close agreement with those obtained with purified diets. These findings define more precisely than had been known the quantitative requirements of young Bobwhite quail for protein and for the S.A.A. necessary for optimal growth.
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Wiemeyer, Stanley N.; Sparling, D.W.
1991-01-01
American kestrels (Falco sparverius), eastern screech-owls (Otus asio), and northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) were given single acute oral doses of four widely diverse anticholinesterase pesticides: EPN, fenthion, carbofuran, and monocrotophos. LD50s, based on birds that died within 5 d of dosage, were computed for each chemical in each species. Sex differences in the sensitivity of northern bobwhites in reproductive condition were examined. American kestrels were highly sensitive to all chemicals tested (LD50s 0.6--4.0 mg/kg). Eastern screech-owls were highly tolerant to EPN (LD50 274 mg/kg) but sensitive to the remaining chemicals (LD50s 1.5-3.9 mg/kg). Northern bobwhites were highly sensitive to monocrotophos (LD50 0.8 mg/kg) and less sensitive to the remaining chemicals (LD50s 4.6--31 mg/kg). Female bobwhites (LD50 3.1 mg/kg) were more sensitive to fenthion than males (LD50 7.0 mg/kg). Mean percent depression of brain cho[inesterase (ChE) of birds that died on the day of dosing exceeded 65% for all chemicals in all species. The response of one species to a given pesticide should not be used to predict the sensitivity of other species to the same pesticide. The need for research on several topics is discussed
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Badillo A, V.E.; Bugarin C, A. [UAZ, Cipres 10, Fracc. La Penuela, 98068 Zacatecas (Mexico); Monroy G, F. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)
2003-07-01
The demands of materials for the health in the entire world, especially of the odontological and traumatological sectors make every time to be but studied the hydroxyapatite (HAP) and their biocompatibility with the alive beings. The hydroxyapatite is considered as one of the inorganic exchangers by excellence, for what the fixation of ions and molecules have been widely studied and at the moment it is one of the materials of greater acceptance like implant. The surface of the material of implant is in intimate contact with the live tissue and its biocompatibility is determined in great measure by those surface properties of the bio material, which have a direct effect in the cellular response of the material. After administering the implant, the proteins are immediately adsorbed in the surface of the bio mineral. Specifically, the proteins of the blood are considered as key pieces to determine the acceptance of implants in alive beings. The adsorption of proteins it depends on the physicochemical properties of the material as well as of the environment composition. The surface properties of the HAP are relevant in the adsorption mechanisms of the proteins. In this work, it is reported the adsorption of the labelled with I-125 albumin protein and in function of two important physicochemical parameters: the pH value of the of the solution and the chemical nature of the solution; to see the influence of this last, its were studied three electrolytes NaF, NaCl and NaH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. The existence of the active sites of hydroxyapatite surface, it is key piece in the interpretation of the fixation of the albumin protein in function also of their acid-base properties. (Author)
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Fernández de Córdoba Pérez, José Antonio
2003-12-01
Full Text Available The Monastery of Cornellana (Asturias, Spain was founded in the 11th century from various properties belonging to Princess Cristina, daughter of King Bermudo II. There are two notable phases: a medieval phase marked by the construction of the Romanesque church and cloister and by the dependence on the Congregation of Cluny, and a modern phase, under dependence to the Congregation of Valladolid, during which the cloister was rebuilt and two service courtyards were organized to the east and west of the cloister. In parallel with the works on the monastery, its jurisdictional power developed, as did the exploitation of its property. During the 19th and 20th century the history of the monastery was marked by the selling off of Church land, the ruin of the building and different attempts to increase the value of the property through architectural restoration and archaeological research.En el siglo XI fue fundado el Monasterio de Cornellana (Asturias, España a partir de diversas propiedades pertenecientes a la infanta Cristina, hija del rey Bermudo II. Destacan en este cenobio dos fases fundamentales: una medieval marcada por la construcción de la iglesia y un claustro románicos así como por la dependencia de la Congregación de Cluny, y otra fase moderna, ya bajo dependencia de la Congregación de Valladolid, en la que se reedifica el claustro y se organizan dos patios de servicios al Este y al Oeste del mismo. De forma paralela a las obras del monasterio evolucionó su señorío jurisdiccional y la explotación de sus propiedades fundiarias. Durante los siglos XIX y XX la historia del complejo estuvo marcada por la desamortización de sus tierras, la ruina del edificio y diferentes intentos de ponerlo en valor a través de la restauración arquitectónica y la investigación arqueológica.
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Santacruz Sarmiento, Neida M.
Este estudio se enfoco en los "misconception" y lagunas conceptuales en temas fundamentales de Fisica como son Equilibrio Termodinamico y Estatica de fluidos. En primer lugar se trabajo con la identificacion de "misconceptions" y lagunas conceptuales y se analizo en detalle la forma en que los estudiantes construyen sus propias teorias de fenomenos relacionados con los temas. Debido a la complejidad en la que los estudiantes asimilan los conceptos fisicos, se utilizo el metodo de investigacion mixto de tipo secuencial explicativo en dos etapas, una cuantitativa y otra cualitativa. La primera etapa comprendio cuatro fases: (1) Aplicacion de una prueba diagnostica para identificar el conocimiento previo y lagunas conceptuales. (2) Identificacion de "misconceptions" y lagunas del concepto a partir del conocimiento previo. (3) Implementacion de la intervencion por medio de modulos en el topico de Equilibrio Termodinamico y Estatica de Fluidos. (4) Y la realizacion de la pos prueba para analizar el impacto y la efectividad de la intervencion constructivista. En la segunda etapa se utilizo el metodo de investigacion cualitativo, por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada que partio de la elaboracion de un mapa conceptual y se finalizo con un analisis de datos conjuntamente. El desarrollo de este estudio permitio encontrar "misconceptions" y lagunas conceptuales a partir del conocimiento previo de los estudiantes participantes en los temas trabajados, que fueron atendidos en el desarrollo de las distintas actividades inquisitivas que se presentaron en el modulo constructivista. Se encontro marcadas diferencias entre la pre y pos prueba en los temas, esto se debio al requerimiento de habilidades abstractas para el tema de Estatica de Fluidos y al desarrollo intuitivo para el tema de Equilibrio Termodinamico, teniendo mejores respuestas en el segundo. Los participantes demostraron una marcada evolucion y/o cambio en sus estructuras de pensamiento, las pruebas estadisticas
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Filippo Ranieri
2015-06-01
Full Text Available La historia del derecho civil italiano del último siglo estuvo marcada por un acontecimiento de gran relevancia: la sustitución de la influencia francesa por la alemana. Sin embargo, esta influencia ha disminuido desde hace algunas décadas. Hoy en día es marcado el interés que la cultura italiana muestra por el modelo angloamericano. A pesar de ello, el estudio de este capítulo fundamental de la reciente historia del derecho privado europeo, al cual podemos denominar “pandectística italiana”, podría facilitar la comprensión de ciertos caracteres estructurales del derecho civil italiano y mantener en vida la conciencia de un aspecto de la cultura iusprivatista que Italia comparte con Alemania y otros países europeos.
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Poetes a peu de carrer: espais per a la transferència en la nit dels investigadors
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Mª del Carmen Quiles Cabrera
2017-12-01
Full Text Available Bajo el título de este artículo planteamos una reflexión en torno a la transferencia del conocimiento en el ámbito de la educación literaria. Partimos del nuevo concepto de lectura y de lector –espacios en red, programas informáticos-, cuya evolución ha venido marcada por los cambios sociales y tecnológicos, para plantear la necesidad de acercar el hecho literario a los integrantes de cada comunidad y aproximarlos al lenguaje poético desde el juego y la experimentación. Así, describimos la iniciativa que supuso Poetas a pie de calle en la Noche Europea de los Investigadores, en tanto que modelo de transferencia desde las Humanidades y las Ciencias de la Educación.
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La formación del profesorado de Música ante la Convergencia Europea
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Mª Teresa DÍAZ MOHEDO
2005-01-01
Full Text Available El contexto educativo interviene en la perpetuación de la política de género y contribuye a la construcción de una identidad personal marcada por el género. Por ello, la inclusión de la reflexión coeducativa en la formación de profesores especialistas en educación musical resulta esencial para una mejor definición de su ejercicio profesional.La investigación sobre el género debe formar parte de la filosofía curricular de todas las materias formativas, incluida la música, para que el alumnado pueda hacer explícitos sus conocimientos y a partir de entonces, redefinirlos, ampliarlos y modificarlos, acercando los contenidos disciplinares a su propio aprendizaje.
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Edwin Oswaldo Gil Mateus
2015-11-01
Full Text Available Las actitudes y los comportamientos de confianza y reciprocidad determinanla posibilidad de construcción de capital social. Así, es necesario conocerlas percepciones y comportamientos con relación a la confianza de los agentesinvolucrados en tal proceso de construcción, en particular para aquellos quepueden tener el liderazgo. Para ello, utilizando las herramientas y técnicas decampo dispuestas por la economía experimental, se realizó un ejercicio de campo en el proyecto lasallista denominado “Utopía”, en el cual los resultados señalan que las elecciones están marcadas por la creencia de la decisión que tomará la contraparte, evidenciando el efecto de reciprocidad presente en la toma de decisiones de interacción estratégica.
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Ferreira, Gustavo Alves Alonso
2017-01-01
Full Text Available A música sertaneja foi, em grande parte, embora não somente, marcada pelo apoio ao regime ditatorial inaugurado em 1964. Assim como a quase totalidade dos gêneros musicais brasileiros, muitos artistas sertanejos apoiaram ufanistamente o regime. Este artigo visa mostrar como os músicos sertanejos reconstruíram sua relação com a memória do período ditatorial, especialmente a partir dos anos 1980, quando se engajaram no processo de redemocratização, apagando laços com o passado apologeta. Mesmo fazendo tal percurso comum a quase totalidade da sociedade brasileira, os sertanejos não conseguiram ser vistos como artistas “politizados” e permaneceram com a pecha de “adesistas” por longos anos, tema que será problematizado neste artigo
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RANGEL BUITRAGO NELSON
2010-05-01
Full Text Available La evolución reciente del Caribe colombiano está asociada, entre otras causas, a una marcada influencia antropogénica sobre la morfología litoral. A lo largo de los 30 municipios costeros que conforman esta región, se encuentran áreas intervenidas por el hombre que al mismo tiempo son afectadas por retrocesos significativos en su línea de costa. La tendencia erosiva predominante es influenciada y multiplicada, en muchos de los casos, por una expansión humana desorganizada y los fenómenos que ésta trae consigo. Un análisis general en algunas áreas permitió identificar acciones realizadas por el hombre, su influencia e sus impactos negativos sobre la geomorfofogía y evolución reciente del sistema litoral
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LA SAETA DEL TIEMPO: UNA LECTURA A GERALD WHITROW
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M. BUTLER
2011-12-01
Full Text Available En la vida cotidiana, el mundo muestra una marcada diferencia entre el pasado y el futuro, pero —con una pequeña excepción— las leyes de la física son simétricas en el tiempo. Gerald Whitrow fue uno de los primeros en darse cuenta que la resolución de esta paradoja está de acuerdo con la cosmología y las condiciones iniciales en el nacimiento del universo. Pero esta simple conclusión oculta algunas profundas sutilezas que toman un nuevo giro con la aparición de la cosmología cuántica y la hipótesis del universo inflacionario. La cuestión aún no ha sido resuelta por completo, y sigue siendo uno de los grandes
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Juan C. Díaz, MD
2013-07-01
Full Text Available La cardiopatía por falta de compactación ventricular es una entidad infrecuente, que generalmente compromete el ventrículo izquierdo ocasionando falla cardíaca, arritmias ventriculares, embolismo periférico y muerte súbita. Hasta el momento, se han descrito muy pocos casos de ventrículo derecho no compacto, por lo cual no hay criterios diagnósticos establecidos y se desconoce como es la evolución clínica y la respuesta al tratamiento de este grupo de pacientes. Se describe el caso de un paciente con hipertrabeculación marcada del ventrículo derecho en quien se descartó un origen estructural de la misma, haciéndose diagnóstico de ventrículo derecho no compacto.
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Juan C Díaz
2013-08-01
Full Text Available La cardiopatía por falta de compactación ventricular es una entidad infrecuente, que generalmente compromete el ventrículo izquierdo ocasionando falla cardíaca, arritmias ventriculares, embolismo periférico y muerte súbita. Hasta el momento, se han descrito muy pocos casos de ventrículo derecho no compacto, por lo cual no hay criterios diagnósticos establecidos y se desconoce como es la evolución clínica y la respuesta al tratamiento de este grupo de pacientes. Se describe el caso de un paciente con hipertrabeculación marcada del ventrículo derecho en quien se descartó un origen estructural de la misma, haciéndose diagnóstico de ventrículo derecho no compacto.
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Miguel Delgado
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Colombia representa un área importan - te para estudiar el poblamiento inicial de Suda mérica debido a su posición geográfi - ca y su marcada diversidad ecológica y cul - tural. Avances recientes en la investigación arqueológica, así como en el estudio de la diversidad molecular y en el análisis de res - tos óseos prehispánicos mediante métodos estadísticos, enfoques poblacionales y teóri - cos más robustos ameritan una revisión. En este trabajo se presenta un resumen general de las investigaciones arqueológicas y bioan - tropológicas realizadas sobre el poblamiento inicial de Colombia, al mismo tiempo que se discuten algunos aspectos relacionados con dicho proceso.
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Dermatomiositis y síndrome de evans asociado a infección por HTLV-1
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David Loja-Oropeza
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Paciente mujer de 55 años de edad, natural de Ayacucho, con antecedente de dermatomiositis desde hace 3 años, recibió tratamiento irregular con prednisona. Dos meses antes del ingreso presenta anemia hemolítica autoinmune y púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática, recibió pulsos de metilprednisolona y transfusión de paquetes globulares. Al ingreso, soporosa, mal estado general, marcada pérdida ponderal, deshidratada, livedo reticularis en miembros inferiores, onicodistrofia y onicolisis múltiple en los dedos de ambos pies. Western Blot positivo para HTLV-1. Evoluciona con hipoglicemia recurrente. Reportamos un caso de dermatomiositis y síndrome de Evans presentados en el contexto de una infección por virus linfotrópico humano tipo 1.
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Desafíos Contemporáneos de la implantación de la Salud de la Familia en Minas Gerais
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Maria Rizoneide Negreiros de ARAÚJO
2007-11-01
Full Text Available Él artículo aborda las estrategias utilizadas por la Secretaria del Estado de Salud de Minas Gerais para el enfrentamiento de los problemas de baja capacidad de resolución de atención primaria a la salud en los provincias de Minas Gerais. El destaca el Proyecto Estructurador Salud en Casa por los investimientos realizados en aquellas provincias que tienen equipos de salud de la familia y el apoyo tecnico-pedagógico para contribuir en la reorganización del modelo asistencial. Él señala los desafíos enfrentados para consolidar la estrategia en un estado con una marcada desigualdad social entre regiones, en la distribución de ingreso y en el acceso a los bienes e servicios.
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Ante las seguridades evanescentes. Riesgo y subjetividades en la ciudad de Guadalajara
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Joanna Jablonska-Bayro
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación etnográfica sobre las formas en que los riesgos propios de la modernidad configuran subjetividades en distintas posi - ciones sociales de la ciudad de Guadalajara. El análisis se enfoca en la relación de los sujetos con las instituciones Estado , trabajo y familia , en los significados y en las prácti - cas que surgen en torno a la cotidianidad urbana marcada por la expansión de lo siniestro, y en las concepciones de lo común en el contexto de inseguridad. El riesgo se revela como un dispositivo de control con un fuerte poder individualizador y fragmen - tador, capaz de debilitar la agencia social y de exacerbar la actual precariedad de lo común.
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Antonio Díaz Caballero
2013-10-01
Full Text Available El concepto actual de las competencias académicas, implica la importancia de saber desempeñarse en un medio y dentro de un contexto establecido para los docentes y alumnos de cada proceso académico en nuestra geografía, lo mismo que en diversidad de países1. Es notoria a nivel de las instituciones académicas en educación superior, la ausencia marcada y formal de una competencia en lecto-escritura por parte de los principales actores, lo que implica una sensación de atraso en la creación de artículos científicos, resúmenes, monografías y revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura científica en Colombia y en muchos otros países2, 3.
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PROCESO DE FORMACIÓN URBANA DE ORIHUELA (ALICANTE
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Gregorio Canales Martínez
1992-01-01
Full Text Available La evolución urbana de Orihuela ha venido marcada por un progresivo desplaza- miento desde su primitiva ubicación de carácter defensivo en el Monte San Miguel hasta ir ocupando las tierras ribereñas del río Segura, cuyo cauce ha definido hasta fechas muy cercanas su desarrollo urbano. El estudio determina los elementos y circunstancias que han condicionado el proceso de formación urbana desde el siglo XIV hasta nuestros días y sus tendencias expansivas, a través del análisis de la documentación histórica disponi- ble, tanto gráfica como bibliográfica, ofreciendo así una síntesis de la evolución histórica de la ciudad.
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Dinámicas del África en el sistema internacional: procesos de paz en Darfur – Sudán
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Andebeng Labeu Madeleine Alingue
2008-11-01
Full Text Available El conflicto de Dafur es uno de los dramas humanitarios del mundo moderno. Y esos hechos, precisamente, son una constante en las relaciones internacionales del mundo con África que afectan la misión, el rol y la función del nuevo orden mundial. El "embarrasment" o la incomodidad de los "grandes" frente a las tragedias humanitarias reflejan el poco control que éstos pueden asumir. Estos brotes ratifican que el mundo unipolar es todavía una ilusión discursiva. Acercarse a estas realidades implica localizarlas en un mundo amplio como es África, y en este caso en particular, la separación de dos sociedades que conviven desde milenios en los territorios de Sudán está marcada por diferencias fundamentales.
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MANUEL JUSTEL
1982-01-01
Full Text Available Se analizan los resultados de una encuesta de opinión sobre la policía llevada a cabo en España en 1980. Se tiene en cuenta: la profesionalidad del servicio, la imagen pública, la sensación de protección y miedo al tratar con la policía, la defensa de los derechos humanos y libertades, la colaboración ciudadana con la policía, su relación con la llegada de la democracia. Se encuentran marcadas diferencias de opinión dependiendo de la edad, región y afiliación política. Para confirmar estos resultados se utiliza un análisis factorial centrado en la imagen pública de la policía.
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Euripedes Falcão Vieira
Full Text Available O artigo analisa as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade na transposição de uma época, a modernidade industrial, à outra, a modernidade cibernética. São épocas marcadas por acontecimentos diferenciados no campo da tecnologia, do conhecimento e da informação. Nas duas últimas décadas, particularmente, a mudança em todos os segmentos da sociedade produziu transformações de escala no arcabouço cognitivo, alterando comportamentos e modos de ação e reação ante a nova realidade. Claramente, a nova realidade se impôs e avançou como sociedade cibernética, a sociedade do ciberespaço-tempo com suas narrativas, ainda curtas, dos eventos econômicos, sociais e culturais.
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Cepeda, José Manuel Zavala
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Durante o reinado de Felipe III são detectados elos intermediários entre as origens quinhentistas das instituições parlamentarias hispânico mapuches e sua etapa de plenitude, inaugurada em meados do século XVII. O grande impulsionador dos planos de pacificação no início do século XVII, foi o jesuíta Luís de Valdivia, que graças as sua aptidões diplomáticas, linguísticas e etnográficas consegue consolidar uma tradição de negociação fronteiriça hispânico-indígena marcada pela importância do diálogo, dos rituais, e da mediação linguística
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Luces y sombras de la función docente desde la mirada del profesorado
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Elisa USATEGUI BASOZÁBAL
2009-01-01
Full Text Available La actividad docente del profesorado de la enseñanza no universitaria viene marcada por el malestar y el desánimo. El profesorado se siente deslegitimado y desautorizado por las familias, la Administración, los medios de comunicación... en una palabra, por la sociedad en su conjunto. Y, al mismo tiempo, se halla impotente ante esa situación ya que carece de las estrategias y herramientas necesarias para afrontarla positivamente. Ante esta realidad se hace urgente abrir la sociedad a un gran debate educativo, a fin de que se constituya ella misma como una comunidad educativa en la que todos los agentes con responsabilidad en la educación de las nuevas generaciones asumen su rol dentro de un proyecto ético.
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Glaberman, Scott; Du Pasquier, Louis; Caccone, Adalgisa
2008-01-01
Squamates are a diverse order of vertebrates, representing more than 7,000 species. Yet, descriptions of full-length major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in this group are nearly absent from the literature, while the number of MHC studies continues to rise in other vertebrate taxa. The lack of basic information about MHC organization in squamates inhibits investigation into the relationship between MHC polymorphism and disease, and leaves a large taxonomic gap in our understanding of amniote MHC evolution. Here, we use both cDNA and genomic sequence data to characterize a class I MHC gene (Amcr-UA) from the Galápagos marine iguana, a member of the squamate subfamily Iguaninae. Amcr-UA appears to be functional since it is expressed in the blood and contains many of the conserved peptide-binding residues that are found in classical class I genes of other vertebrates. In addition, comparison of Amcr-UA to homologous sequences from other iguanine species shows that the antigen-binding portion of this gene is under purifying selection, rather than balancing selection, and therefore may have a conserved function. A striking feature of Amcr-UA is that both the cDNA and genomic sequences lack the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains that are necessary to anchor the class I receptor molecule into the cell membrane, suggesting that the product of this gene is secreted and consequently not involved in classical class I antigen-presentation. The truncated and conserved character of Amcr-UA lead us to define it as a nonclassical gene that is related to the few available squamate class I sequences. However, phylogenetic analysis placed Amcr-UA in a basal position relative to other published classical MHC genes from squamates, suggesting that this gene diverged near the beginning of squamate diversification. PMID:18682845
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Scott Glaberman
Full Text Available Squamates are a diverse order of vertebrates, representing more than 7,000 species. Yet, descriptions of full-length major histocompatibility complex (MHC genes in this group are nearly absent from the literature, while the number of MHC studies continues to rise in other vertebrate taxa. The lack of basic information about MHC organization in squamates inhibits investigation into the relationship between MHC polymorphism and disease, and leaves a large taxonomic gap in our understanding of amniote MHC evolution. Here, we use both cDNA and genomic sequence data to characterize a class I MHC gene (Amcr-UA from the Galápagos marine iguana, a member of the squamate subfamily Iguaninae. Amcr-UA appears to be functional since it is expressed in the blood and contains many of the conserved peptide-binding residues that are found in classical class I genes of other vertebrates. In addition, comparison of Amcr-UA to homologous sequences from other iguanine species shows that the antigen-binding portion of this gene is under purifying selection, rather than balancing selection, and therefore may have a conserved function. A striking feature of Amcr-UA is that both the cDNA and genomic sequences lack the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains that are necessary to anchor the class I receptor molecule into the cell membrane, suggesting that the product of this gene is secreted and consequently not involved in classical class I antigen-presentation. The truncated and conserved character of Amcr-UA lead us to define it as a nonclassical gene that is related to the few available squamate class I sequences. However, phylogenetic analysis placed Amcr-UA in a basal position relative to other published classical MHC genes from squamates, suggesting that this gene diverged near the beginning of squamate diversification.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Leonor Báez Segurola
2013-03-01
Full Text Available El síndrome diencefálico es un complejo de síntomas y signos causados por disfunción de esta área del encéfalo caracterizado por una marcada desnutrición aun cuando la ingesta calórica es normal. Se presentan dos casos, el primero de ellos una niña de 13 meses de edad con antecedentes de un fallo de medro a partir del tercer mes de vida, que ingresó en este servicio para el estudio de una desnutrición proteico energética severa que presentó en el transcurso de su evolución un apetito inestable y al mes de ingresada un evento paroxístico. Se le realizó resonancia magnética nuclear y se comprobó imagen hipodensa, redondeada, que medía aproximadamente 3 x 3 cm en región supraselar; fue intervenida quirúrgicamente en 2 ocasiones, se realizó exéresis del tumor, y se confirmó anatomopatológicamente un astrocitoma pilocítico de bajo grado. El segundo paciente, un lactante que ingresó con el diagnóstico confirmado de tumor intracraneal para estudio, semejante al caso presentado anteriormente, mostraba una marcada desnutrición proteico energética, se le realizó tomografía axial computarizada en la que se pudo apreciar una extensa masa tumoral supraselar con dilatación del sistema ventricular. Durante su evolución presentó marcada anorexia con pérdida de peso progresiva, por lo que se realizó gastrostomía. A los 59 días falleció como consecuencia de una pancitopenia, y la necropsia concluyó: astrocitoma pilocítico de bajo grado.Diencephalic syndrome is a set of symptoms and signs caused by dysfunction in this area of the encephalon and characterized by marked malnutrition despite adequate intake of calories. Two cases were reported in this paper. The first one was a 13-years old girl with a history of medro failure since her 3rd month of life, who was admitted to this service for the study of her severe protein/energy malnutrition. In the course of her hospitalization, she presented with unstable appetite and
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Williams, Frank L'Engle; Holmes, Noelle A.
2012-09-01
Late Pliocene Procynocephalus subhimalayanus from the Upper Siwaliks, India is known from only three specimens. The dietary proclivities of this taxon have implications for reconstructing the paleoecology of the Upper Siwaliks. The dental microwear texture properties of Procynocephalus are compared to those from extant tropical forest primates including Alouatta palliata (n = 11), Cebus apella (n = 13), Gorilla gorilla (n = 9), Lophocebus albigena (n = 15) and Trachypithecus cristatus (n = 12). Dental microwear textures are generated by scanning the surface enamel of Facet 9 using white-light confocal microscopy at 100x. Four variables were extracted from scale-sensitive fractal analysis, and the data were ranked before ANOVA with post-hoc tests of significance and multivariate analyses were performed. Procynocephalus clusters closest to Lophocebus, Cebus and some Gorilla specimens suggesting hard-object feeding characterized a portion of its diet. The dental microwear texture of Procynocephalus supports interpretations of widespread grasslands of the Late Pliocene Kansal Formation (Pinjor zone). The extreme enamel complexity characterizing Procynocephalus may derive from consumption of underground storage organs, or other foods with high grit loads. Foods consumed near ground level carry a heavy load of abrasive minerals possibly contributing to greater enamel surface complexity and textural fill volume.
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The elaborate plumage in peacocks is not such a drag.
Askew, Graham N
2014-09-15
One of the classic examples of an exaggerated sexually selected trait is the elaborate plumage that forms the train in male peafowl Pavo cristatus (peacock). Such ornaments are thought to reduce locomotor performance as a result of their weight and aerodynamic drag, but this cost is unknown. Here, the effect that the train has on take-off flight in peacocks was quantified as the sum of the rates of change of the potential and kinetic energies of the body (P(CoM)) in birds with trains and following the train's removal. There was no significant difference between P(CoM) in birds with and without a train. The train incurs drag during take-off; however, while this produces a twofold increase in parasite drag, parasite power only accounts for 0.1% of the total aerodynamic power. The train represented 6.9% of body weight and is expected to increase induced power. The absence of a detectable effect on take-off performance does not necessarily mean that there is no cost associated with possessing such ornate plumage; rather, it suggests that given the variation in take-off performance per se, the magnitude of any effect of the train has little meaningful functional relevance. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
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Selective attention in peacocks during assessment of rival males.
Yorzinski, Jessica L; Patricelli, Gail L; Bykau, Siarhei; Platt, Michael L
2017-03-15
Males in many species compete intensely for access to females. In order to minimize costly interactions, they can assess their rivals' competitive abilities by evaluating traits and behaviors. We know little about how males selectively direct their attention to make these assessments. Using Indian peafowl ( Pavo cristatus ) as a model system, we examined how males visually assess their competitors by continuously tracking the gaze of freely moving peacocks during the mating season. When assessing rivals, peacocks selectively gazed toward the lower display regions of their rivals, including the lower eyespot and fishtail feathers, dense feathers, body and wings. Their attention was modified based on the rivals' behavior such that they spent more time looking at rivals when rivals were shaking their wings and moving. The results indicate that peacocks selectively allocate their attention during rival assessment. The gaze patterns of males assessing rivals were largely similar to those of females evaluating mates, suggesting that some male traits serve a dual function in both intra- and intersexual selection. However, males spent more time than females looking at the upper eyespots and this could indicate that the upper eyespots function more in close-up rival assessment than mate choice. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
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Through their eyes: selective attention in peahens during courtship.
Yorzinski, Jessica L; Patricelli, Gail L; Babcock, Jason S; Pearson, John M; Platt, Michael L
2013-08-15
Conspicuous, multicomponent ornamentation in male animals can be favored by female mate choice but we know little about the cognitive processes females use to evaluate these traits. Sexual selection may favor attention mechanisms allowing the choosing females to selectively and efficiently acquire relevant information from complex male display traits and, in turn, may favor male display traits that effectively capture and hold female attention. Using a miniaturized telemetric gaze-tracker, we show that peahens (Pavo cristatus) selectively attend to specific components of peacock courtship displays and virtually ignore other, highly conspicuous components. Females gazed at the lower train but largely ignored the head, crest and upper train. When the lower train was obscured, however, females spent more time gazing at the upper train and approached the upper train from a distance. Our results suggest that peahens mainly evaluate the lower train during close-up courtship but use the upper train as a long-distance attraction signal. Furthermore, we found that behavioral display components (train rattling and wing shaking) captured and maintained female attention, indicating that interactions between display components may promote the evolution of multicomponent displays. Taken together, these findings suggest that selective attention plays a crucial role in sexual selection and likely influences the evolution of male display traits.
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Stress physiology as a predictor of survival in Galapagos marine iguanas.
Romero, L Michael; Wikelski, Martin
2010-10-22
Although glucocorticoid hormones are considered important physiological regulators for surviving adverse environmental stimuli (stressors), evidence for such a role is sparse and usually extrapolated from glucocorticoid effects under laboratory, short-term and/or non-emergency conditions. Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) provide an excellent model for determining the ultimate function of a glucocorticoid response because susceptibility to starvation induced by El Niño conditions is essentially their only major natural stressor. In a prospective study, we captured 98 adult male marine iguanas and assessed four major components of their glucocorticoid response: baseline corticosterone titres; corticosterone responses to acute stressors (capture and handling); the maximal capacity to secrete corticosterone (via adrenocorticotropin injection); and the ability to terminate corticosterone responses (negative feedback). Several months after collecting initial measurements, weak El Niño conditions affected the Galápagos and 23 iguanas died. The dead iguanas were typified by a reduced efficacy of negative feedback (i.e. poorer post-stress suppression of corticosterone release) compared with surviving iguanas. We found no prior differences between dead and alive iguanas in baseline corticosterone concentrations, responses to acute stressors, nor in capacity to respond. These data suggest that a greater ability to terminate a stress response conferred a survival advantage during starvation.
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Berger, Silke; Martin, Lynn B; Wikelski, Martin; Romero, L Michael; Kalko, Elisabeth K V; Vitousek, Maren N; Rödl, Thomas
2005-04-01
Individuals that display elaborate sexually selected characters often show reduced immune function. According to the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis, testosterone (T) is responsible for this result as it drives the development and maintenance of sexual characters and causes immunosuppression. But glucocorticoids also have strong influences on immune function and may also be elevated in reproductively active males. Here, we compared immune activity using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test in three discrete groups of male marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus): territorials, satellites, and bachelors. Males of these three reproductive phenotypes had indistinguishable T concentrations during the height of the breeding season, but their corticosterone (cort) concentrations, body condition and hematocrit were significantly different. Territorial males, the animals with the most elaborate sexual ornaments and behaviors, had lower immune responses and body condition but higher cort concentrations and hematocrit than satellites or bachelors. To test directly cort's immunosuppressive role, we elevated cort by either restraining animals or additionally injecting cort and compared their PHA swelling response with the response of free-roaming animals. Such experimental elevation of cort significantly decreased immune activity in both restrained and cort-injected animals. Our data show that cort can induce immunosuppression, but they do not support the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis in its narrow sense because T concentrations were not related to immunosuppression.
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Gail E. Austen
2018-01-01
Full Text Available Emerging technologies have led to an increase in species observations being recorded via digital images. Such visual records are easily shared, and are often uploaded to online communities when help is required to identify or validate species. Although this is common practice, little is known about the accuracy of species identification from such images. Using online images of newts that are native and non-native to the UK, this study asked holders of great crested newt (Triturus cristatus licences (issued by UK authorities to permit surveying for this species to sort these images into groups, and to assign species names to those groups. All of these experts identified the native species, but agreement among these participants was low, with some being cautious in committing to definitive identifications. Individuals’ accuracy was also independent of both their experience and self-assessed ability. Furthermore, mean accuracy was not uniform across species (69–96%. These findings demonstrate the difficulty of accurate identification of newts from a single image, and that expert judgements are variable, even within the same knowledgeable community. We suggest that identification decisions should be made on multiple images and verified by more than one expert, which could improve the reliability of species data.
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Claudio Rama
2015-12-01
Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza la dinámica de las transformaciones acontecidas en los últimos años en la educación superior a distancia en América Latina y el Caribe y los ejes de crecimiento de la cobertura. Sobre un enfoque comparado regional caracteriza sus diversas etapas e identifica su aporte a su expansión, con ciclos marcados por las tecnologías e impulsos públicos y privados y, ahora, internacionales. En este contexto se analiza la irrupción de una nueva fase de esta modalidad a distancia caracterizada por una dinámica internacionalizada. Se estudian las formas en las cuales se produce la internacionalización de la educación a distancia, que se realiza no dominantemente como educación transfronteriza sino como movilidad e ingreso de instituciones externas en los sistemas universitarios locales de los países de la región. La evolución de la educación a distancia muestra el continuo cambio desde el modelo semipresencial tradicional hacia una dinámica virtualizada, que al tiempo que introduce nuevas formas de funcionamiento, expande la cobertura y consolida instituciones con mayores escalas, y que también facilita dinámicas internacionales caracterizadas por la nueva presencia, por alianza y por compra, de nuevos proveedores internacionales.
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Historia Reciente: apuntes sobre un campo de investigación en expansión
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Marina Franco
Full Text Available Este artículo se dedica a presentar las que consideramos características centrales del campo de la Historia Reciente, que en Argentina desarrolla en la última década un proceso de consolidación intelectual e institucional y una marcada expansión en la cantidad de investigaciones -plasmadas en tesis, artículos, libros y ponencias-. Repasamos para ello los principales problemas epistemológicos y políticos de esta área de la historiografía, presentamos algunos datos cuantitativos para dar cuenta del proceso de expansión, proponemos un balance de los principales nudos en que se concentra la producción y señalamos las áreas de vacancia y desafíos con que se encuentra el campo de la Historia Reciente en la actualidad.
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Gustavo Madeira da Silveira
2010-12-01
Full Text Available Neste trabalho demonstrar-se-á o desafio do modelo desenvolvimentista atual em direção à preconizada e colimada sustentabilidade. A primeira década deste século XXI foi marcada por dois marcos, um ambiental (as mudanças climáticas e outro de mercado (a crise econômica mundial, que colocaram em cheque o sistema capitalista, tendo em vista as soluções insustentáveis que foram tomadas para enfrentar estes marcos. Foram objeto de análise da pesquisa, a não adesão dos EUA ao Protocolo de Quioto; o contraponto dos países “em desenvolvimento” entre desenvolver-se ora sustentavelmente, ora insustentavelmente; e o fomento do consumo como única alternativa encontrada pelo países para a saída da crise econômica mundial.
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educativos en México: 1987-2004
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Edna María Villarreal Peralta
2008-01-01
Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza el impacto del nivel educativo sobre el ingreso salarial en México para el periodo 1987-2004. Para ello, se calcula la evolución de los rendimientos educativos empleando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano (ENEU. Se estiman tres modelos alternativos: primero, se toman años de estudio como variable explicativa principal; segundo, se incorporan variables dummies para estado civil y parentesco y, tercero, se consideran niveles educativos. Se obtiene que los mayores rendimientos marginales corresponden a los individuos con nivel educativo más elevado. Asimismo, al estimar los rendimientos por género, se encuentra que los de las mujeres superan a los de los hombres. Por último, aparece una marcada disminución en los rendimientos en los periodos de crisis económica.
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Myriam Arroyave
2014-07-01
Full Text Available Dado que una transferencia de pensamiento entre geometría y música marca el origen de la escritura musical, en la partitura se consolida un "mundo-música" cuyos objetos se piensan, se miden, son organizados y jerarquizados. Música y matemáticas tienen en común que ambas se escriben y sus escrituras tienen un carácter diagramático; ambas piensan y calculan con letras, números, figuras y gestos. La actividad musical está marcada por el gesto de distanciamiento característico de la relación con el escrito, necesario para el desarrollo de la reflexividad. Por esta relación, en la actividad musical sobresalen dos condiciones lógicas, una ligada a la proporción y el ordenamiento, y otra relacionada con la simbolización y el discurso.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Myriam Arroyave
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Dado que una transferencia de pensamiento entre geometría y música marca el origen de la escritura musical, en la partitura se consolida un “mundo-música” cuyos objetos se piensan, se miden, son organizados y jerarquizados. Música y matemáticas tienen en común que ambas se escriben y sus escrituras tienen un carácter diagramático; ambas piensan y calculan con letras, números, figuras y gestos. La actividad musical está marcada por el gesto de distanciamiento característico de la relación con el escrito, necesario para el desarrollo de la reflexividad. Por esta relación, en la actividad musical sobresalen dos condiciones lógicas, una ligada a la proporción y el ordenamiento, y otra relacionada con la simbolización y el discurso.
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Almeida Júnior: o sol no meio do caminho
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Rodrigo Naves
2005-11-01
Full Text Available Com foco na tela "Caipira picando fumo", este artigo analisa a obra do pintor Almeida Júnior (1850-1899. O autor discute o tratamento concedido pelo artista ao meio social, à natureza, aos tipos humanos, às peculiaridades regionais. Adiante, problematiza a idéia de nacionalidade em sua obra, marcada por instabilidades de forma que dialogam com a tradição crítica do determinismo naturalista.Focusing the painting "Caipira picando fumo", this article analyses the work of the Brazilian painter Almeida Júnior (1850-1899. The author discusses the way the artist used to depict the social environment, nature, human types and regional particularities. Further on, he puts into question the idea of nationality in Junior's work, which is best understood if seen against the framework of theories such as the naturalist determinism.
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Tania Arboleda Castrillón
Full Text Available Basados en los resultados de un estudio de cobertura de ciencia y tecnología en el noticiero2Noticias Caracol de Colombia, realizado entre octubre del 2009 y marzo del 2010, nos preguntamos críticamente por la marcada tendencia que esta investigación indica, en diálogo con pesquisas similares, sobre lo que parece ser una baja presencia de estas temáticas en los medios informativos latinoamericanos. Inicialmente discutimos la metodología utilizada en este estudio y otros similares. Luego nos centramos en las noticias sobre agua y medio ambiente, que son las más recurrentes en este estudio, para finalmente preguntarnos por los contextos de riesgo que éstas tácitamente evocan y que están atravesados por concepciones particulares de la ciencia y la tecnología.
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Vivendo em contexto de violência: o caso de um adolescente
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Lordelo Lia da Rocha
2002-01-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho integra um estudo longitudinal, explorando nexos entre uma história marcada cotidianamente pela violência doméstica e urbana e a construção social de uma cultura pessoal em um adolescente de 14 anos, o segundo dos três filhos de uma família matrifocal. Apoiou-se em entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas em diferentes períodos do estudo. Na análise, caracteriza-se um processo de construção social do envolvimento com a violência (na condição de vítima e de agressor, destacando-se o contexto sociocultural imediato, estruturado por situações adversas como pobreza, conflitos intra-familiares e sociais e, especificamente, violência, todos estes formando o que se poderia chamar de ecologia propiciadora de atos violentos.
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Isidro Moreno Sánchez
2012-04-01
Full Text Available El uso de nuevas tecnologías en la escuela es un asunto que interesa a los diversos segmentos de la sociedad y que afecta especialmente a estudiantes y educadores: nativos y no nativos digitales. El texto aborda, usando la perspectiva de la educación, los conceptos principales de las nuevas tecnologías que pueden ser aplicados en el aula para reducir la brecha digital de conocimientos entre nativos y no nativos digitales. Se debaten conceptos y se proponen alternativas pedagógicas para su aplicación escolar. La base de la investigación proviene de las escuelas brasileñas, la línea pedagógica es la marcada por Paulo Freire y el recurso tecnológico usado en el experimento es el vídeo digital.
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O Rio de Janeiro e a mulher no léxico de canções da bossa nova
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Beatriz Daruj Gil
2016-03-01
Full Text Available Este artigo trata do léxico de canções da bossa nova que têm como tema o Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de expor a relação entre a cidade e a mulher, marcada nesse conjunto vocabular.Selecionou-se um corpus de sete canções desse gênero musical, produzidas entre 1954 e 1964, e em seguida realizou-se o levantamento e organização do léxico no campo semântico cidade- mulher, conjunto linguístico no qual se concentrou a análise, que está fundamentada em orientações dos estudos do léxico (BIDERMAN, 2001; COSERIU, 1977; POTTIER, 1978; VILELA, 1994 e em princípios da análise crítica do discurso sociocognitiva (VAN DIJK, 2003a, 2003b.
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José Marín R
2010-01-01
Full Text Available En este artículo, el autor analiza el Chronicon de San Isidoro de Sevilla, para demostrar que no es neutro desde el punto de vista de la narración, sino que, al contrario, su disposición y argumentos nos revelan claramente la marcada intencionalidad ideológica de su autor, quien busca mostrar la debilidad bélica y moral de Bizancio para resaltar la grandeza del Reino Visigodo, baluarte del catolicismo y la romanidad.In this article, the author analyzes Isidore's Chronicon to demónstrate that it is not neutral from the point of view of the narrative, but on the contrary his disposition and argumente reveal clearly his ideological intention. His author seeks to show the weakness of Byzantium to highlight the greatness of the Visigothic Kingdom, refuge of Catholicism and Romanity.
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El Slow Journalism en la era de la “infoxicación”
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Samia Benaissa Pedriza
2017-11-01
Full Text Available El slow journalism surge como respuesta a la sobrecarga informativa generada por la aceleración del ciclo de producción de noticias en una era digital marcada por la aparición de nuevos operadores (redes sociales, agregadores de noticias. El estudio de casos practicado y la reflexión sobre la función que el “periodismo lento” debe ejercer en la actualidad indican que este sigue siendo útil para mejorar la calidad de los productos informativos. Por otra parte, se confirma la existencia de una demanda en alza de contenidos multimedia que analicen los hechos informativos en profundidad. Estas necesidades están siendo cubiertas por empresas informativas independientes de los grandes medios, más interesados en rentabilizar otros mercados de demanda masiva como las noticias breves de actualidad.
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El English Captain de Thomas Wintringham (1939. Memoria y olvido de un Brigadista Británico
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Luis ARIAS GONZÁLEZ
2011-04-01
Full Text Available Thomas Wintringham llegó a ser jefe del Batallón Británico de las Brigadas Internacionales en la batalla del Jarama; sobre su experiencia en la Guerra Civil española, escribió un libro que es mucho más que unas memorias al uso al ofrecer aspectos originales de análisis e interpretación de la misma y un reflejo de su compleja personalidad. Tanto su agitada vida como su trayectoria política de izquierdas —que fue desde el comunismo más estricto al laborismo— quedarían marcadas para siempre por su intervención en España y este hecho y esta obra le convertirían en uno de los mayores expertos teóricos militares ingleses de todos los tiempos.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ana Cecilia Gonçalves
2014-03-01
Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a aplicação de instrumentos didáticos para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa, sobretudo, voltados para a escrita. Para tanto, fizemos uso da perspectiva do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD, pautada nos escritos de Bronckart (1999, 2006. Os pressupostos de Vygotsky (1988 também foram de extrema importância para nossa pesquisa. Quanto ao instrumento metodológico analisado, utilizamos uma Sequência Didática (DOLZ, NOVERRAZ e SCHNEUWLY, 2004, cuja finalidade é a internalização de gêneros de texto diversos. A partir dos resultados da aplicação, ficou marcada a relação existente entre a concepção de escrita das instituições e a forma como esse objeto é desenvolvido.
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Avian response to bottomland hardwood reforestation: the first 10 years
Twedt, D.J.; Wilson, R.R.; Henne-Kerr, J.L.; Grosshuesch, D.A.
2002-01-01
Bttomland hardwood forests were planted on agricultural fields in Mississippi and Louisiana using either predominantly Quercus species (oaks) or Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood). We assessed avian colonization of these reforested sites between 2 and 10 years after planting. Rapid vertical growth of cottonwoods (circa 2 - 3 m / yr) resulted in sites with forest structure that supported greater species richness of breeding birds, increased Shannon diversity indices, and supported greater territory densities than on sites planted with slower-growing oak species. Grassland birds (Spiza americana [Dickcissel], and Sturnella magna [Eastern Meadowlark]) were indicative of species breeding on oak-dominated reforestation # 10 years old. Agelaius phoeniceus (Red-winged Blackbird) and Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite) characterized cottonwood reforestation # 4 years old, whereas 14 species of shrub-scrub birds (e.g., Passerina cyanea [Indigo Bunting]) and early-successional forest birds (e.g., Vireo gilvus [Warbling Vireo]) typified cottonwood reforestation 5 to 9 years after planting. Rates of daily nest survival did not differ between reforestation strategies. Nest parasitism increased markedly in older cottonwood stands, but was overwhelmed by predation as a cause of nest failure. Based on Partners in Flight prioritization scores and territory densities, the value of cottonwood reforestation for avian conservation was significantly greater than that of oak reforestation during their first 10 years. Because of benefits conferred on breeding birds, we recommend reforestation of bottomland hardwoods include a high proportion of fast-growing, early successional species such as cottonwood.
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Dunham, N R; Kendall, R J
2017-07-01
Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and Scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) have been declining steadily throughout much of their historical range over the past few decades. Even the Rolling Plains of Texas, historically rich with wild quail and one of the last remaining quail strongholds, has been suffering a population decline, most notably since 2010. Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii) have also been experiencing their own decline throughout their respective range, but not as significant as that of other species of quail. Eyeworms (Oxyspirura petrowi) in quail have been recognized for years but not thoroughly studied until recently. New research reveals that O. petrowi infection can cause inflammation, oedema, and cellular damage to the eye of the quail host. The objective of this research was to better understand the prevalence of the eyeworm infection in different quail species, expand on known distribution, and determine if there is a relationship between location and species infected with eyeworms. Northern bobwhite, Scaled quail and Gambel's quail were hunter-donated from one county within Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, and examined for the prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of eyeworm infection from November 2013 to February 2014. Quail from every location were found to have individuals with a varying degree of eyeworm infection. This is the first study to document eyeworm infection in Gambel's quail and in quail in New Mexico and Arizona, and reports the highest eyeworm infection found in Northern bobwhite and Scaled quail.
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Lake states change fishery regulations
Van Oosten, John
1935-01-01
Following methods described by Louis Bureau (1911, 1913) in France,tabulations were made (1) of the ages at which captivity-reared bob-white quail (Colinus virginianus) dropped their juvenal remiges, and (2) the rates at which post-juvenal replxcement primaries grew. These were arranged so as to permit the determination of age in healthv birds from one to five months of age. The degree of individual variation was much greater than that found by Bureau, however. and limits accuracy in age determination after the 10th week..... The post-juvenal wing molt began on the birds' 28th day and ended when the quail were 146 to 154 days old.The post-juvenal body molt was found to take place largely between the 70th and 100th days. The juvenal rectrices were renewed from the 62nd to the 122nd days, the new feathers being as long as their longest coverts when the birds were 116 days old. The color of the tarsi varied from pink, at 32 days of age, to straw color at 60 days, and yellow-gray from 83 to 180 days. At six months, the color of the beak was identical with that of adults.....Unlike several other game bird species, the flexibility of the lower jaw was not an accurate index to age in bob-whites older than 11 weeks. Rigor mortis and freezing were found to hinder the testing of this criterion.
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Age determination in juvenile bobwhite quail
Petrides, G.A.; Nestler, R.B.
1943-01-01
Following methods described by Louis Bureau (1911, 1913) in France,tabulations were made (1) of the ages at which captivity-reared bob-white quail (Colinus virginianus) dropped their juvenal remiges, and (2) the rates at which post-juvenal replxcement primaries grew. These were arranged so as to permit the determination of age in healthv birds from one to five months of age. The degree of individual variation was much greater than that found by Bureau, however. and limits accuracy in age determination after the 10th week..... The post-juvenal wing molt began on the birds' 28th day and ended when the quail were 146 to 154 days old.The post-juvenal body molt was found to take place largely between the 70th and 100th days. The juvenal rectrices were renewed from the 62nd to the 122nd days, the new feathers being as long as their longest coverts when the birds were 116 days old. The color of the tarsi varied from pink, at 32 days of age, to straw color at 60 days, and yellow-gray from 83 to 180 days. At six months, the color of the beak was identical with that of adults.....Unlike several other game bird species, the flexibility of the lower jaw was not an accurate index to age in bob-whites older than 11 weeks. Rigor mortis and freezing were found to hinder the testing of this criterion.
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Influence of dietary protein and excess methionine on choline needs for young bobwhite quail
Serafin, J.A.
1982-01-01
Experiments were conducted with young Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to investigate the effect of differing dietary protein levels and nondetrimental amounts of excess methionine on choline needs. Growth and feed consumption of quail fed an adequate (27.3%) protein purified diet supplemented with 2000 mg/kg of choline were unaffected by increasing the level of excess methionine to 1.75%; however, greater amounts (2.0%, 2.25%) of excess methionine depressed growth (P less than .01), reduced feed consumption (P less than .01), and decreased feed utilization (P less than .05). Quail fed a purified diet containing 13.85% protein and 515 mg/kg of choline grew poorly. Growth was unaffected by additional choline in this diet. Growth was suboptimal among quail fed purified diets containing adequate or high (41.55%) levels of protein in which choline was limiting; however, a high level of protein did not in itself affect performance. Growth was improved by supplemental choline in these diets. Growth of quail fed purified diets with up to 1.35% excess methionine which were limiting (531 mg/kg) in choline was less than that of groups fed 2000 mg/kg of added dietary choline (P less than .01); however, excess methionine did not significantly influence growth of quail fed choline-deficient diets. These experiments indicate that neither high dietary protein nor excess methionine, fed at non-growth-depressing levels, increases dietary choline needs for young Bobwhite quail.
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Raptor abundance and northern bobwhite survival and habitat use
Turner, J.; Hernandez, F.; Boal, Clint W.; Ballard, Bart M.; Bryant, Fred C.; Wester, D.B.
2014-01-01
Predation risk has a profound influence on prey behavior and habitat use. The Rio Grande Plains ecoregion of Texas, USA, provides a unique opportunity to investigate changes in prey behavior because the ecoregion experiences a high influx of raptors every year during autumn migration. We used an 8-year data set (2000–2008) of radiocollared northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and raptor abundance to test the hypothesis that bobwhites responded to increased raptor abundance via changes in woody-cover use at the home-range scale. Bobwhite survival was negatively correlated with raptor abundance, with red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) accounting for 51% of the variability in bobwhite survival (P raptor migration (6.6% ± 0.5%; n = 73 bobwhites) and non-migration periods (7.1% ± 0.4%; n = 105 bobwhites; P = 0.490). In addition, bobwhites that survived the raptor migration period used similar amounts of woody cover within their home range (6.3% ± 0.6%, n = 58 bobwhites) compared with those dying during the migration period (6.8% ± 0.4%, n = 100 bobwhites; P = 0.530). Our data suggest that bobwhites do not alter their use of woody cover at the home-range scale in response to increasing raptor abundance, but this does not preclude increased use of woody cover at the point-of-use scale.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Knopper, Loren D.; Mineau, Pierre
2004-01-01
Most biomonitoring studies that have investigated the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and anthropogenic stressors have measured organisms from polluted ecosystems and compared them to organisms at reference sites. What has received little attention is whether FA follows a dose-response relationship with stress, a key criterion of a useful biomarker. Using chicks from currently mandated avian reproductive tests we tested whether a composite index of FA (FA C ), was related to the dose or duration of exposure of their parents to one of four different herbicides, and if FA C was indeed a more sensitive marker of stress than standard reproductive endpoints measured from this test. We found no consistent relationship between FA C and dose or duration of herbicide exposure in any of the four studies. Exposure to one of the four pesticides did result in significant reproductive toxicity but this was not accompanied or foreshadowed by higher levels of FA C . Our results do not support the hypothesis that FA is a reliable general biomarker of pesticide exposure
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mariana Altrichter
2001-03-01
Full Text Available White-lipped peccaries are non-seasonal breeders in South America, but little is known about their reproduction in Central America. There are few studies about the sex ratio of this species in the field. We studied the reproduction and sex ratio of white-lipped peccaries during 200 hours of field observation of four radiomarked and two unmarked herds, from July 1996 to April 1997, in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica. Sex ratio data of three additional, radiomarked herds observed in 1998 were also included. We recorded numbers of mountings, presence of newborns and numbers of nursing interactions. The peccaries showed a distinct reproductive seasonality, with one mating peak in February and another in July. The greatest number of newborns and the peak in nursing activity were observed during July and August, when fruit availability for the peccaries was high. The adult sex ratio was significantly female biased (1.4:1 - 1.8:1, also in contrast with South American populations.Los "chanchos cariblancos" Tayassu pecari no son reproductores estacionales en Sur América. En Centro América se conoce muy poco sobre la reproducción de esta especie en la naturaleza. Estudiamos reproducción y la proporción de sexos durante 200 horas de observación de cuatro manadas marcadas con radiocollares y de dos manadas sin marcar, desde julio de 1996 hasta abril de 1997 en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, agregando datos de proporción sexual de tres manadas observadas en 1998. Registramos el número de cópulas y de amamantamientos, así como la presencia de recién nacidos en las manadas. Observamos una marcada estacionalidad en la reproducción, con un pico en el número de cópulas en febrero y otro en julio. La mayor cantidad de recién nacidos y el pico de actividad de amamantamiento fueron en julio y agosto, cuando la disponibilidad de alimento era alta. Entre adultos predominaron numéricamente las hembras (1.4:1 - 1.8:1, lo cual difiere de lo
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Karina Barra Gomes
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Este artigo procura ampliar constatações e considerações que abrangem o ensino da Arte na escola pública e aspectos da política educacional. Nossa inquietação, quanto ao percurso do ensino artístico no país e a sua realidade nos dias atuais, levounos a contextualizá-lo a aspectos da política educacional, associando o ensino a questões que incitam a conscientização dos professores de Arte, sua atuação e o envolvimento com a prática pedagógica diante das condições educacionais que nos permite viver a política educacional marcada pela globalização e pela pós-modernidade.Este artículo busca ampliar constataciones y consideraciones que abarcan la enseñanza del Arte en la escuela pública y aspectos de la política educacional. Nuestra inquietud con relación al curso de la enseñanza artística en el país y su realidad en los días actuales nos llevó a contextualizarla a aspectos de la política educacional, asociando la enseñanza a cuestiones que incitan la concientización de los profesores del Arte, su actuación y el envolvimiento con la práctica pedagógica frente a las condiciones educacionales que nos permite vivir la política educacional, marcada por la globalización y por la pos-modernidad.This article aims to amplify the evidences and considerations that deal with the teaching of Art in public schools and also with some public politics aspects. Our worries about the teaching of Art path in this country and its reality nowadays has driven us to conceptualize it with some educational politics aspects, associating the teaching of Art to subjects that stir teachers' awareness, their performance and their involvement in pedagogic practices in the pedagogic conditions, that allowed us to live the pedagogic politics which are marked by globalization and postmodernism.
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África do Sul e Brasil: diplomacia e comércio (1918-2000
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Pio Penna Filho
2001-06-01
Full Text Available O principal objetivo do artigo é analisar as relações entre o Brasil e a África do Sul em perspectiva histórica. Uma vez iniciadas, essas relações atravessaram três grandes fases. No primeiro momento, que foi de 1918 a 1947, prevaleceu o comércio como fator da aproximação, constituindo-se tal período em momento de encontros e descobertas mútuas. A segunda fase, de 1947 a 1991, foi marcada pelo estabelecimento de relações diplomáticas e pelo gradual distanciamento entre os dois países. A última grande fase vem sendo marcada pela reaproximação entre Brasília e Pretória, uma vez que foi removido o principal empecilho para a concretização de relações prósperas entre os dois países, ou seja, o fim da política de apartheid. Durante esse último período, iniciado com o processo de democratização da África do Sul no alvorecer da década de 1990, há o renascimento das relações, em um contexto em que se vislumbra a possibilidade do estabelecimento de uma parceria estratégica, que interessa diretamente aos dois países.The main purpose of this article is to study the diplomatic relations between South Africa and Brazil in a historical perspective. Bilateral relations between the two countries can be divided into three distinct phases. The first one, dating from 1918 to 1947, had trade as its core element and provided an opportunity for mutual discoveries. The second phase, from 1947 to 1991, was characterized by the establishment of full diplomatic relations followed by a gradual decrease in intensity of official interchange. The third phase can best be described as one of rapprochement between Brasilia and Pretoria, a direct consequence of the end of apartheid - the single most important obstacle to successful relations in prior years. A dynamic renewal of Brazilian and South African relations is therefore taking place in close association with the process of South African democratization throughout the 1990s, creating
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Aldemir Chaim
1999-05-01
Full Text Available A metodologia disponível para análise de resíduos é muito onerosa para ser usada em estudos de perdas em aplicações de agrotóxicos. Assim, o uso de caldas de pulverização marcadas com traçadores facilmente detectáveis, tem se tornado uma prática amplamente aceita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um método de monitoramento das deposições de agrotóxico, caracterizado pelo uso de calda marcada com traçador, e técnica especial de amostragem. Empregou-se o cobre como traçador, na forma de fungicida, cuja análise espectrofotométrica é de baixo custo, fácil execução, além de possibilitar um excelente nível de recuperação. Utilizaram-se cartões de papel mata-borrão como alvo artificial para amostrar as gotas. Cartões grampeados em barbantes, em distâncias preestabelecidas, foram colocados sobre as plantas, possibilitando uma amostragem estratificada por alturas. No solo, os cartões foram colocados sobre placas-de-petri. Para as condições do experimento, o método testado permitiu detectar que, dependendo do porte das plantas, as perdas das aplicações foram da ordem de 59 a 76%.The available methodology for pesticide residues analysis is very expensive to be used on spraying losses studies and occupational exposure assessment during pesticide application. So, the marking of spray liquids prior to dispersion with easily detectable tracers has become widely accepted practice. The objective of this research was to evaluate a method to assessment the pesticide deposition, characterised by the use of a tracer marked spray liquid and a special sampling technique. The tracer used in this work was the copper, in a fungicide formulation, with low cost and easy atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis. Cards of blotter-like papers were used as artificial target to catch the droplets. Cards were clipped on cotton strings at constant distances and were disposed on plants possibiliting a height stratified sampling
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Relacionamentos Afetivo-Familiares em Mulheres com Anorexia e Bulimia
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Carolina Leonidas
Full Text Available RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo investigar a rede social de apoio de mulheres com anorexia e bulimia, com ênfase em suas relações afetivo-familiares. A amostra foi composta por 12 participantes atendidas em hospital universitário. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, Mapa de Rede e Genograma. Os resultados indicaram que as redes sociais das participantes têm configuração restrita, com proeminência de membros da família em sua composição. Os relacionamentos familiares oscilam, contudo, entre turbulência e distanciamento afetivo. As relações de afeto mantidas com pais, cônjuges e namorados são marcadas por divergências e insatisfações. A baixa densidade da rede de amizades e o empobrecimento da vida social resultam em isolamento e dificuldades de dar início e/ou manter relacionamentos afetivos duradouros.
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Televisión: crisis del mercado y nuevos modelos comerciales
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Giuseppe Richeri
2015-04-01
Full Text Available Los tres modelos de empresa tradicionales en el mercado de la televisión italiana parecen no tener grandes perspectivas de crecimiento. El canon y la publicidad televisiva han mostrado ya sus límites y están sujetos a críticas que van en aumento. Los ingresos generados en los últimos años por las suscripciones a la televisión de pago han registrado una desaceleración marcada, ligada no solo a factores de coyuntura, sino también a una saturación de tendencia y una orientación diferente del público. El hecho más evidente es el desarrollo de los servicios de televisión no lineales a través de la web, es decir los servicios llamados over the top; entre ellos, Netflix representa el nuevo modelo comercial más interesante y exitoso.
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Fases del kirchnerismo: de la ruptura a la afirmación particularista
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Francisco J. Cantamutto
2017-05-01
Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza el kirchnerismo como proceso político populista. Utilizando la bibliografía especializada, es posible reconstruir la modificación en las alianzas políticas y sociales del gobierno, marcadas por el conflicto con la fracción agropecuaria del bloque en el poder en 2008. Este conflicto produjo un cambio de énfasis en la estrategia política del gobierno, que modificó su discurso y alianzas. Con base en ello se propone una periodización del proceso en dos etapas, donde se pasa de una fase ligada a la ruptura populista del orden institucional previo a una segunda donde se produce una afirmación particularista de la identidad kirchnerista. El artículo analiza en detalle los nuevos rasgos del orden político a partir de 2008.
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Christian Wehr
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Un oso rojo, de Adrián Caetano, aborda a varios niveles, de una manera radical y original, la situación económica y social de la Argentina a principios del actual milenio. Esta dimensión política se articula a través de adaptaciones de varios géneros fílmicos, sobre todo el del western, gracias al cual se actualiza el tópico de civilización y barbarie para vincular esta fórmula fundadora de la historia argentina con una situación profundamente marcada por la crisis económica y política. Así, en la ponencia se analizarán las actualizaciones y combinaciones de ciertos modelos genéricos que evocan una sociedad posnacional, caracterizada por un proceso de fragmentación y pérdida del sentido de la solidaridad social.
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O aporte marxista da educação brasileira no contexto da resistência e da transição democrática
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Oswaldo Hajime Yamamoto
1998-12-01
Full Text Available Na passagem das décadas de 1970-1980, emerge no Brasil uma produção educacional fortemente marcada pelos influxos da tradição marxista, em consonância com a tendência oposicionista do período. Tal produção assume características peculiares devido à convergência de um conjunto de fatores: a ausência de acumulação marxista pregressa nesse campo, o adensamento político propiciado pelo engajamento dos educadores no conjunto das lutas oposicionistas, as reorganizações do campo educacional, com a reativação de eventos e entidades nacionais e o estabelecimento do sistema nacional de pós-graduação. O presente trabalho discute a natureza da incidência marxista, relacionando-a as condições históricas que conformaram tal produção intelectual.
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Tomaž Šalamun
1999-12-01
Full Text Available El poeta y traductor Tomaž Šalamun, nacido en 1941 en Zagreb, es uno de los representantes más destacados de la vanguardia de los años sesenta. Su obra poética se ha iniciado con un abandono formal y conceptual de la tradición literaria eslovena, sustituyendo la metrica y el estilo prevaleciente de composición por un verso libre, en apariencia arbitrario, caprichoso, espontaneo, sujeto a una 1ógica propia, e su poesía, marcada por el atrevimiento, las asociaciones, las impresiones, la conjunción de elementos disímiles y lenguajes dispares, delata cierta deuda originaria con el dadaismo, el surrealismo y el arte pop, ha logrado perfilarse no obstante como una voz autónoma y distintiva, conquistando un lugar privilegiado y clave en el desaro llo de la literatura eslovena contemporánea.
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De Marias e Luizes: experiências devocionais e de gênero numa festa mariana
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Martín, Eloísa
2003-01-01
Full Text Available O presente artigo parte de uma pesquisa levada a cabo entre 1998 e 2000 na festa da Virgem de Itatí em Corrientes (Argentina. A partir de dois casos, proponho analisar a maneira pela qual as experiências religiosas e de gênero relacionam-se e se constituem mutuamente a través de certas práticas devocionais. Tais práticas, transmitidas e reproduzidas por meio de laços familiares também marcadas por diferenciais de gênero, se processam em termos de um compromisso com a Virgem, mas também com as tradições locais e com os próprios laços de parentesco. Assim, através de certas práticas de devoção, veremos como se aprende a ser, ao mesmo tempo e desde o início, mulher e devota, homem e devoto
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Identidad étnica e ideación suicida en adolescentes indígenas
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Julio Tereucán-Angulo
2017-01-01
Full Text Available La creciente prevalencia de conductas suicidas en México es un tema que recientemente se ha expuesto en Salud Pública de México como un problema de salud pública. En Chile, las conductas suicidas y el suicidio son también de los principales problemas de salud; y si bien la tendencia mundial está marcada por la baja en las tasas de muerte por suicidio, nuestro país, por el contrario,presenta un aumento de 90% entre los años 1990 y 2011; con base en estadísticas de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE, Corea, Chile y México son los países miembros que más han crecido en cuanto a tasas de suicidio...
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¿Podremos mirar más allá de la basura? Raneros, cirujas y cartoneros: historias detrás de la basura
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Sabina Dimarco
2007-09-01
Full Text Available En el presente texto nos proponemos reflexionar sobre los procesos identitarios que se van configurando entorno de y gracias a la basura. Más específicamente, en las líneas que siguen intentaremos introducirnos en las tensiones y ambigüedades que signan los procesos identitarios en torno a la recuperación informal de residuos en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Esta actividad laboral conocida como “cartoneo”, si bien se ha expandido en forma exponencial a partir de la última gran crisis económica, permanece marcada por la estigmatización social, la informalidad extrema y el no–reconocimiento social de este trabajo como un trabajo “legitimo”. Trataremos de introducirnos en las dificultades que estos trabajadores encuentran para reconocerse y legitimarse en un trabajo que se encuentra por fuera de la cartografía de las actividades laborales socialmente aceptadas de la modernidad.
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Juan Carlos Quintana Díaz
2005-08-01
Full Text Available Se presenta la evolución de un paciente masculino de 10 años que sufrió una herida por proyectil de arma de fuego en el párpado superior izquierdo jugando con otro niño, lo que lo provocó una ptosis palpebral marcada. Se realizó estudio radiográfico preoperatorio donde se encontró el proyectil alojado en la pared orbitaria superior. Se constató una excelente evolución posoperatoria del paciente una vez intervenido quirúrgicamente.The evolution of a 10-year-old male patient who had a marked palpebral ptosis as a result of a wound made by a bullet in the left upper eyelid while playing with another child, is presented. A preoperative radiographic study was conducted and the projectile was found in the upper orbital wall. An excellent postoperative evolution was observed once the patient underwent surgery.
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Inmigrantes Nicaragüenses en Costa Rica: Estado y Utilización de Servicios de Salud
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Andrew A. Herring
2009-01-01
población inmigrante nicaragüense goza un estado de salud igual e incluso superior que el de la población local. La prevalencia autoreportada de hipertensión arterial alta, colesterol elevado y enfermedades respiratorias fueron significativamente menores entre la población inmigrante. En general, se mostró que los inmigrantes nicaragüenses tienen una marcada baja tasa de utilización de servicios de salud con respecto a los costarricenses. La creencia que los inmigrantes nicaragüenses representan una carga insostenible para el sistema de salud publica de Costa Rica se pone en duda. Los resultados de este trabajo deberían animar a los tomadores de decisiones en materia de salud para extender el acceso de los servicios médicos a los inmigrantes nicaragüenses sin temor a un desproporcionado gasto fiscal. Investigación adicional es necesaria.
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Bárbara Regina Altivo
2016-08-01
Full Text Available O trabalho sonda as principais linhas de sentido que animam a proposta da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD sobre o amor no mundo contemporâneo através de suas materialidades discursivas. O artigo aborda os discursos iurdianos de teor pedagógico sobre amor, família e gênero. Como característica deste aparato, observamos a associação direta entre a busca imediata pela obtenção da felicidade, característica do hedonismo presente na Teologia da Prosperidade, e um ascetismo de ordem empresarial, que visa domesticar as impulsividades emocionais do homem e, principalmente, da mulher, nas dinâmicas intricadas do relacionamento amoroso. Assim, podemos entrever linhas de força que conflagram subjetividades marcadas por compromissos de gênero inscritos num modelo familiar de inspiração mercadológica.
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Té, margarina y austeridad. Nicanor Parra en la postguerra inglesa
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Niall Binns
2015-12-01
Full Text Available El artículo estudia el impacto que tuvo en la obra de Nicanor Parra su estancia de dos años en la Universidad de Oxford entre 1949 y 1951, en una época marcada por las secuelas socioeconómicas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, por la crisis de la identidad británica provocada por la pérdida de protagonismo internacional y el desmantelamiento del Imperio, y por las amenazas cada vez más notorias de la recién iniciada Guerra Fría. El análisis se centra en “Preguntas a la hora del té”, un texto de la primera sección de Poemas y antipoemas (1954 que fue escrito aparentemente en Oxford, y plantea tanto un comentario de algunas lecturas canónicas como una nueva interpretación “inglesa” del poema.
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El "sistema de guerra" de la sociedad industrial
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JORGE VERSTRYNGE ROJAS
1978-01-01
Full Text Available Se presenta una tipología de la guerra, la cual es definida como una "empresa organizada de destrucción", y se examina el proceso implicado en el desarrollo de un "combate totalmente industrializado". Se analizan varias guerras, entre las cuales figuran la revolución Francesa, la guerra civil Americana, la guerra austro-prusiana de 1866, etc. La I Guerra Mundial es considerada la primera "guerra total" de la era paleotécnica; la II Guerra Mundial fue la culminación de la era neotécnica. La "guerra total", sea esta limitada o ilimitada, viene marcada por un gran incremento en la competición por la innovación militar. Se destaca la concepción prusiana del hombre militar en tanto que criatura disciplinada y mecanizada dedicada al proceso de intensificación de la guerra.
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Estereotipos de género: la perpetuación del poder sexista en los tribunales argentinos
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María Angélica Peñas Defago
2015-03-01
Full Text Available El campo jurídico es una arena de luchas marcada por las tensiones que se dan en torno a los contenidos escritos de las leyes, así como por la posterior lectura que de éstos hagan diversos actores sociales y políticos. Dentro de estos fenómenos de tensión, los tribunales se constituyen, cada vez más, en foros de arduos debates en torno a intentar asentar legitimidad política y social de determinadas configuraciones genéricas y/o sexuales. A través de este trabajo, intentaremos identificar cómo operan en el ámbito de la justicia argentina una serie de estereotipos de género. Estereotipos que actúan performativamente desconociendo y/o negando subjetividades que se apartan del modelo de sujeto de derecho hegemónicamente construido por el sistema legal.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ana Paula Goulart de Andrade
2012-12-01
Full Text Available Cada vez mais, as imagens de vídeos amadores e de câmeras de vigilância têm comparecido na narrativa telejornalística como elementos de construção da notícia. Assim, esse trabalho se propõe a investigar a questão do agendamento dos acontecimentos que, por hipótese, são pontuados pelas imagens produzidas por agentes exteriores à empresa jornalística – e que temos conceituado como “telejornalismo apócrifo”. Numa perspectiva ensaística, a pesquisa aponta para novos aspectos da comunicação jornalística diante da popularização dos dispositivos digitais e, essencialmente, do fazer jornalístico no contexto da cultura contemporânea marcada pelas novas tecnologias interativas de informação e comunicação
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Concepciones de infancia, alfabetización inicial y aprendizaje de los educadores y educadoras
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Rosa Julia Guzmán
2010-10-01
Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos reflexiones derivadas de varios procesos de investigación de la Universidad de La Sabana, en la línea de investigación de Pedagogía e Infancia, del Grupo de investigación Educación y Educadores. Ellos se orientan a indagar sobre las concepciones de infancia de los educadores y educadoras del nivel inicial, y a buscar comprensiones sobre las formas en que ellos y ellas aprenden. Delimitamos este aprendizaje a la alfabetización inicial de los niños y niñas, dada la importancia de este proceso en una sociedad y en una cultura letrada. Luego de varios años de investigaciones de corte cualitativo, encontramos una marcada incidencia de las prácticas cotidianas y de las concepciones de infancia en el aprendizaje de los maestros y maestras.
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Indigência e penúria na era da técnica = Indigence and penury in the technical age
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Ferreira Junior, Wanderley José
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Toma-se como referências básicas algumas reflexões do filósofo Martin Heidegger sobre o domínio planetário da técnica para mostrar a penúria de uma época marcada pelo fim da filosofia mediante sua realização como metafísica nas ciências técnicas. Explicita-se ainda como esse fim da filosofia na era do domínio planetário da técnica pode se constituir o ponto de partida para um novo começo do pensar, que pensa para além dos limites impostos pelo pensamento calculador. Na parte conclusiva do artigo procura-se determinar o caráter e a tarefa que caberia a essa nova forma de pensar e conhecer que nos aproxima das coisas tais como são
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Garcia, Pedro Celiny Ramos
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar estudos envolvendo epilepsia e arte, mostrando o sofrimento, alegria, criações e adversidades destes com a epilepsia. Método: Revisão bibliográfica (Medline, Lilacs, selecionando aspectos sobre epilepsia e arte. Conclusão: O texto discorre sobre a vida e obras de grandes nomes da arte que tiveram suas vidas marcadas e influenciadas pela epilepsia; e suas manifestações sociais, psíquicas e físicas Objective: This article aims to revise studies involving epilepsy and art, showing the suffering, joy, creations and adversities of these artists with epilepsy. Methods: A revision of bibliography (Medline and Lilacs was done , selecting aspects on epilepsy and art. Conclusions: This article is about the life and works of great names in art who had their lives marked by epilepsy and it’s social, psychological and physical manifestations.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria Fernanda Derntl
2006-12-01
Full Text Available A bibliografia e a documentação pertinentes à história da Place des Vosges e de Covent Garden, na primeira metade do século 17, são retomadas e analisadas com o objetivo de identificar as diretrizes de seus projetos e esclarecer como vieram a ser construídas. Procura-se mostrar que, no caso da Place des Vosges, a construção foi gradativa e marcada por conflitos entre os vários agentes envolvidos, sem que tivesse existido um projeto mais bem definido de uma place royale pela Coroa francesa. Já no caso de Covent Garden, pôde-se entender que a Coroa inglesa impôs, de início, o projeto de uma place royale, mas a resistência do IV conde de Bedford às determinações reais impediu sua realização.
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Estrategia e innovación en las Mipymes colombianas ganadoras del premio Innova 2010-2013
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Edwin Tarapuez
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Esta investigación, de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, tiene como objetivo indagar acerca de la asocia-ción entre algunas variables de estrategia y de innovación, en las Mipymes colombianas ganadoras delpremio Innova del Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo, en el periodo 2010-2013. El métodoutilizado fue análisis de correspondencias múltiples, mediante el cual se hallaron asociaciones entremodalidades. Los resultados más importantes de la investigación muestran que existe una marcada aso-ciación de las empresas que realizan un proceso integral de direccionamiento estratégico (formulación,implementación y seguimiento con los resultados positivos de la innovación (licenciamiento de paten-tes y generación de utilidades, con un estilo proactivo o preactivo en la gestión empresarial y con unaestructura organizacional flexible, entre otros aspectos
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luiz Antônio Evangelista de Andrade
2012-12-01
Full Text Available Há uma necessidade teórica de se contribuir para o reconhecimento do estatuto da urbanização de Belo Horizonte, pensando-o a partir de suas periferias metropolitanas. Tais periferias se proliferaram na esteira da urbanização transformada em campo de negócios, cujas contradições daí advindas se materializaram nos embates pelas conquistas da urbanização. A não resolução das contradições faz com que outras se explicitem: a atualização das formas institucionalizadas daquilo que vem sendo chamado de bem-estar e realização da vida tem implicado numa insatisfação crescente com o cotidiano. Numa cotidianidade marcada pela abundância material sem precedente similar, floresce o obscurecimento das lentes que permitem pôr em questão essa cotidianidade.
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Notas sobre o percurso receptivo da obra de Raul Brandão
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Mágna Tânia Secchi Pierini
2014-03-01
Full Text Available A obra de Raul Brandão foi marcada por um gradativo e crescente reconhecimento estético perante a crítica. Porém, muitas décadas precedentes a essa conquista pontuaram omissões ou posicionamentos unívocos diante de tais produções ficcionais. Elencamos um levantamento e propomos uma reflexão acerca do percurso receptivo realizado pela crítica literária portuguesa e brasileira, com o objetivo de averiguar seu posicionamento junto à recuperação e reconhecimento das obras desse escritor. Para tal, abordamos aspectos da recepção crítica efetuada em alguns dos suportes destinados para esse fim como, por exemplo, em jornais e revistas, em compêndios de periodizações literárias ou em teses acadêmicas publicadas posteriormente, conforme a preponderância em cada época.
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Hybridization masks speciation in the evolutionary history of the Galápagos marine iguana.
MacLeod, Amy; Rodríguez, Ariel; Vences, Miguel; Orozco-terWengel, Pablo; García, Carolina; Trillmich, Fritz; Gentile, Gabriele; Caccone, Adalgisa; Quezada, Galo; Steinfartz, Sebastian
2015-06-22
The effects of the direct interaction between hybridization and speciation-two major contrasting evolutionary processes--are poorly understood. We present here the evolutionary history of the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) and reveal a case of incipient within--island speciation, which is paralleled by between-island hybridization. In-depth genome-wide analyses suggest that Amblyrhynchus diverged from its sister group, the Galápagos land iguanas, around 4.5 million years ago (Ma), but divergence among extant populations is exceedingly young (less than 50,000 years). Despite Amblyrhynchus appearing as a single long-branch species phylogenetically, we find strong population structure between islands, and one case of incipient speciation of sister lineages within the same island--ostensibly initiated by volcanic events. Hybridization between both lineages is exceedingly rare, yet frequent hybridization with migrants from nearby islands is evident. The contemporary snapshot provided by highly variable markers indicates that speciation events may have occurred throughout the evolutionary history of marine iguanas, though these events are not visible in the deeper phylogenetic trees. We hypothesize that the observed interplay of speciation and hybridization might be a mechanism by which local adaptations, generated by incipient speciation, can be absorbed into a common gene pool, thereby enhancing the evolutionary potential of the species as a whole. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
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Zou, Fang-Dong; Tong, Xin-Xin; Yue, Bi-Song
2005-03-01
The sequences of activin gene betaA subunit mature peptide have been amplified from white peafowl, blue peafowl (pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (pavo muticus) genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a pair of degenerate primers. The target fragments were cloned into the vector pMD18-T and sequenced. The length of activin gene betaA subunit mature peptide is 345bp, which encoded a peptide of 115 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis of activin gene betaA subunit mature peptide demonstrated that the identity of nucleotide is 98.0% between blue peaflowl and green peafowl, and the identity of that is 98.8% between blue peaflowl and white peafow. Sequences comparison in NCBI revealed that the sequences of activin gene betaA subunit mature peptides of different species are highly conserved during evolution process. In addition, the restriction enzyme map of activins is high similar between white peafowl and blue peafowl. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with Mega 2 and Clustalxldx software. The result showed that white peafowl has a closer relationship to blue peafowl than to green peafowl. Considered the nucleotide differences of peafowls' activin gene betaA subunit mature peptides, a highly conserved region, we supported that white peafowl was derived from blue peafowl, and it is more possible the hybrid but just the product of color mutation, or maybe as a subspecies of Pavo genus.
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Shibusawa, M; Nishibori, M; Nishida-Umehara, C; Tsudzuki, M; Masabanda, J; Griffin, D K; Matsuda, Y
2004-01-01
To define the process of karyotypic evolution in the Galliformes on a molecular basis, we conducted genome-wide comparative chromosome painting for eight species, i.e. silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Lady Amherst's pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), Chinese bamboo-partridge (Bambusicola thoracica) and common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) of the Phasianidae, and plain chachalaca (Ortalis vetula) of the Cracidae, with chicken DNA probes of chromosomes 1-9 and Z. Including our previous data from five other species, chicken (Gallus gallus), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and blue-breasted quail (Coturnix chinensis) of the Phasianidae, guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) of the Numididae and California quail (Callipepla californica) of the Odontophoridae, we represented the evolutionary changes of karyotypes in the 13 species of the Galliformes. In addition, we compared the cytogenetic data with the molecular phylogeny of the 13 species constructed with the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and discussed the process of karyotypic evolution in the Galliformes. Comparative chromosome painting confirmed the previous data on chromosome rearrangements obtained by G-banding analysis, and identified several novel chromosome rearrangements. The process of the evolutionary changes of macrochromosomes in the 13 species was in good accordance with the molecular phylogeny, and the ancestral karyotype of the Galliformes is represented. Copyright 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Woodley, Sarah K; Painter, Danika L; Moore, Michael C; Wikelski, Martin; Romero, L Michael
2003-06-15
In most species, plasma levels of baseline glucocorticoids such as corticosterone (B) have a circadian rhythm. This rhythm can be entrained by both photoperiod and food intake and is related to aspects of energy intake and metabolism. Marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) offer a unique opportunity to better understand the relative importance of the light:dark cycle versus food intake in influencing the rhythm in baseline B in a natural system. Compared to other species, food intake is not as strictly determined by the phase of the light:dark cycle. Animals feed in the intertidal zone so feeding activity is heavily influenced by the tidal cycle. We measured baseline plasma B levels in free-living iguanas over several 24-h periods that varied in the timing of low tide/foraging activity. We found that baseline B levels were higher during the day relative to night. However, when low tide occurred during the day, baseline B levels dropped coincident with the timing of low tide. Whether the baseline B rhythm (including the drop during foraging) is an endogenous rhythm with a circatidal component, or is simply a result of feeding and associated physiological changes needs to be tested. Together, these data suggest that the baseline B rhythm in marine iguanas is influenced by the tidal cycle/food intake as well as the light:dark cycle.
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Romero, L Michael; Wikelski, Martin
2006-01-15
Temporal modulation of the stress response is a ubiquitous characteristic of animals. Here, we investigate possible mechanisms underlying daily changes in corticosterone release in an ectotherm model system. Earlier work indicated that free-living Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) have lower corticosterone concentrations during the night than during the day. This could result from: (i) a lower circadian secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) as seen in mammals; (ii) from an increase in corticosterone negative feedback; or (iii) reflect lower metabolic activity during the night when core body temperature falls (from 35 degrees C during the day to as low as 21 degrees C during the night). To begin to distinguish between these three possibilities, exogenous ACTH was used to compare diel differences in adrenocortical tissue responsiveness, and dexamethasone was used to compare diel differences in the efficacy of corticosterone negative feedback. Low levels of exogenous ACTH (30 IU/kg body weight) potently stimulated both daytime and nighttime corticosterone release. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) inhibited only daytime, but not nighttime endogenous corticosterone release. Because the response to ACTH was similar between day and night we suggest that a simple lowering of core body temperature cannot explain the nighttime reduction in corticosterone release. However, the failure of negative feedback at night suggests that the response is not equivalent to the controlled downregulation seen in mammals.
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Hybridization masks speciation in the evolutionary history of the Galápagos marine iguana
MacLeod, Amy; Rodríguez, Ariel; Vences, Miguel; Orozco-terWengel, Pablo; García, Carolina; Trillmich, Fritz; Gentile, Gabriele; Caccone, Adalgisa; Quezada, Galo; Steinfartz, Sebastian
2015-01-01
The effects of the direct interaction between hybridization and speciation—two major contrasting evolutionary processes—are poorly understood. We present here the evolutionary history of the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) and reveal a case of incipient within-island speciation, which is paralleled by between-island hybridization. In-depth genome-wide analyses suggest that Amblyrhynchus diverged from its sister group, the Galápagos land iguanas, around 4.5 million years ago (Ma), but divergence among extant populations is exceedingly young (less than 50 000 years). Despite Amblyrhynchus appearing as a single long-branch species phylogenetically, we find strong population structure between islands, and one case of incipient speciation of sister lineages within the same island—ostensibly initiated by volcanic events. Hybridization between both lineages is exceedingly rare, yet frequent hybridization with migrants from nearby islands is evident. The contemporary snapshot provided by highly variable markers indicates that speciation events may have occurred throughout the evolutionary history of marine iguanas, though these events are not visible in the deeper phylogenetic trees. We hypothesize that the observed interplay of speciation and hybridization might be a mechanism by which local adaptations, generated by incipient speciation, can be absorbed into a common gene pool, thereby enhancing the evolutionary potential of the species as a whole. PMID:26041359