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Sample records for coccyx

  1. Coccydynia: an overview of the anatomy, etiology, and treatment of coccyx pain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lirette, Lesley Smallwood; Chaiban, Gassan; Tolba, Reda; Eissa, Hazem

    2014-01-01

    Despite its small size, the coccyx has several important functions. Along with being the insertion site for multiple muscles, ligaments, and tendons, it also serves as one leg of the tripod-along with the ischial tuberosities-that provides weight-bearing support to a person in the seated position. The incidence of coccydynia (pain in the region of the coccyx) has not been reported, but factors associated with increased risk of developing coccydynia include obesity and female gender. This article provides an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and treatment of coccydynia. Conservative treatment is successful in 90% of cases, and many cases resolve without medical treatment. Treatments for refractory cases include pelvic floor rehabilitation, manual manipulation and massage, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, psychotherapy, steroid injections, nerve block, spinal cord stimulation, and surgical procedures. A multidisciplinary approach employing physical therapy, ergonomic adaptations, medications, injections, and, possibly, psychotherapy leads to the greatest chance of success in patients with refractory coccyx pain. Although new surgical techniques are emerging, more research is needed before their efficacy can be established.

  2. First histologically confirmed case of a classic chordoma arising in a precursor benign notochordal lesion: differential diagnosis of benign and malignant notochordal lesions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamaguchi, Takehiko; Yamato, Minoru; Saotome, Koichi

    2002-01-01

    The first histologically confirmed case of a classic chordoma arising in a precursor benign notochordal lesion is presented and the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant notochordal lesions is discussed. A 57-year-old man presented with a classic chordoma in the coccyx. The resected specimen demonstrated a small intraosseous benign notochordal lesion in the coccyx, which was adjacent to the classic chordoma. Also seen were two separate, similar benign lesions in the sacrum. The classic chordoma consisted of multiple lobules that were separated by thin fibrous septa and that showed cords or strands of atypical physaliphorous cells set within an abundant myxoid matrix. In contrast, the benign lesions consisted of intraosseous sheets of bland physaliphorous cells without any extracellular matrix. The affected bone trabeculae showed sclerotic reactions. It was concluded that benign and malignant notochordal lesions can be distinguished microscopically. (orig.)

  3. Svær obstipationsom følge af abnormt vinklet os coccygis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Simony, Ane; Hansen, Emil Jesper; Ernst, Carsten

    2015-01-01

    Constipation is a common disease among patients in all age groups, and the pathology can vary. This case report describes a 26-year-old female with severe constipation for six years. She was referred to a centre for spine surgery with a coccyx compressing her rectum causing constipation...

  4. Sacrococcygeal teratoma: management and outcomes

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    AFP to be normalized after SCT resection is about 9 months [14]. Recurrence after resection varies from 2 to 35%. This may result from incomplete surgical excision with the presence of microscopic residues, nonresection of the entire coccyx, and/or tumor spillage [15,16]. Although the postnatal mortality of SCTs is low [17],.

  5. MRI-based detailed evaluation of the anatomy of the human coccyx ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2016-09-08

    Sep 8, 2016 ... Then, the images were transferred to the workstation (Syngo VIA console, Siemens). The measurements were made with the aid of these images. All of the measurements were obtained by two experienced radiologist and orthopedist. Intra/interobserver variability for the measurements was determined at ...

  6. Seat belt use to save face: impact on drivers' body region and nature of injury in motor vehicle crashes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, Guang-Ming; Newmyer, Ashley; Qu, Ming

    2015-01-01

    Seat belt use is the single most effective way to save lives and reduce injuries in motor vehicle crashes. However, some case reports described seat belt use as a double-edged sword because some injuries are related to seat belt use in motor vehicle crashes. To comprehensively understand the effects of seat belt use, we systemically investigated the association between seat belt use and injuries based on anatomic body region and type of injury in drivers involved in motor vehicle crashes. The injury information was obtained by linking crash reports with hospital discharge data and categorized by using the diagnosis codes based on the Barell injury diagnosis matrix. A total of 10,479 drivers (≥15 years) in passenger vehicles involved in motor vehicle crashes from 2006 to 2011 were included in this study. Seat belt use significantly reduced the proportions of traumatic brain injury (10.4% non-seat belt; 4.1% seat belt) and other head, face, and neck injury (29.3% non-seat belt; 16.6% seat belt) but increased the proportion of spine: thoracic to coccyx injury (17.9% non-seat belt; 35.5% seat belt). Although the proportion of spine: thoracic to coccyx injury was increased in drivers with seat belt use, the severity of injury was decreased, such as fracture (4.2% with seat belt use; 22.0% without seat belt use). Furthermore, the total medical charges decreased due to the change of injury profiles in drivers with seat belt use from a higher percentage of fractures (average cost for per case $26,352) to a higher percentage of sprains and/or strains ($1,897) with spine: thoracic to coccyx injury. This study provide a comprehensive picture for understanding the protective effect of seat belt use on injuries based on anatomic body region and type of injury in drivers involved in motor vehicle crashes.

  7. Benign chordoma of the sacral bone. Radiologic appearance and differential dignosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pegios, W.; Vogl, T.J.; Rausch, M.; Klein, U.; Balzer, J.O.; Hammerstingl, R.; Mack, M.G.; Felix, R.

    1994-01-01

    Chordomas constitute 3-4% of all primary bony tumors [17, 20] and they arise from remnants of the notochord [4]. They can occur anywhere along the skull base and spine, where the notochord extends. 50% arise in the sacrum, 35% in the clivus and 15% in the vertebrae [17, 20]. Chordomas usually occur after the second decade with the highest incidence between the fifth and seventh decade. There is a male predominance, with roughly a 2 to 1 male-to-female ratio. Children are rarely affected [5, 25, 34]. In this article a case of a patient with a Chordoma of the sacrum is presented. After a fall on the coccyx the patient complained of recurrent and altogether increasing pain for some years. The clinical diagnosis was fracture of the coccyx with consecutive formation of callus. Finally the MRI showed a characteristically increased signal intensity in the T2-weighted spin-echo sequence (SE). With the help of MRI guided biopsy the diagnosis of a benign highly differentiated chordoma could be confirmed. (orig.) [de

  8. Concurrent lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal fusion; a rare etiology of low back pain and coccygodynia?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kapetanakis, Stylianos; Gkasdaris, Grigorios; Pavlidis, Pavlos; Givissis, Panagiotis

    2017-09-21

    Sacrum is a triangular bone placed in the base of the spine and formed by the synostosis of five sacral vertebrae (S1-S5). Its upper part is connected with the inferior surface of the body of L5 vertebra forming the lumbosacral joint, while its lower part is connected with the base of the coccyx forming the sacrococcygeal symphysis, an amphiarthrodial joint. The existence of four pairs of sacral foramen in both anterior and posterior surface of the sacrum is the most common anatomy. Nevertheless, supernumerary sacral foramina are possible to be created by the synostosis of lumbosacral joint or sacrococcygeal symphysis. We present a case of an osseous cadaveric specimen of the sacrum belonging to a 79-year-old Caucasian woman. A rare variation of the anatomy of the sacrum is reported; in which, the simultaneous fusion of the sacrum with both the L5 vertebra and the coccyx has created six pairs of sacral foramen. This variation should be taken into serious consideration, especially in the domain of radiology, neurosurgery, orthopaedics and spine surgery, because low back pain, coccygodynia and other neurological symptoms may emerge due to mechanical compression.

  9. Caudal regression syndrome : a case report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Eun Joo; Kim, Hi Hye; Kim, Hyung Sik; Park, So Young; Han, Hye Young; Lee, Kwang Hun

    1998-01-01

    Caudal regression syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, which results from a developmental failure of the caudal mesoderm during the fetal period. We present a case of caudal regression syndrome composed of a spectrum of anomalies including sirenomelia, dysplasia of the lower lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx and pelvic bones,genitourinary and anorectal anomalies, and dysplasia of the lung, as seen during infantography and MR imaging

  10. Caudal regression syndrome : a case report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Eun Joo; Kim, Hi Hye; Kim, Hyung Sik; Park, So Young; Han, Hye Young; Lee, Kwang Hun [Chungang Gil Hospital, Incheon (Korea, Republic of)

    1998-07-01

    Caudal regression syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, which results from a developmental failure of the caudal mesoderm during the fetal period. We present a case of caudal regression syndrome composed of a spectrum of anomalies including sirenomelia, dysplasia of the lower lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx and pelvic bones,genitourinary and anorectal anomalies, and dysplasia of the lung, as seen during infantography and MR imaging.

  11. Classification of Champus Professional Services to Ambulatory Patient Groups and Assignment of Resource-Based Relative Values. Champus Professional Services Classification Study (CPSCS).

    Science.gov (United States)

    1992-01-10

    SPONDYLOPATHIES 7214 72141 SPONDYLOSIS WITH MYELOPATHY, THORACIC REGION 7219 72190 SPONDYLOSIS OF UNSPECIFIED SITE WITHOUT MENTION OF MYEL 7221 72210...DISPLACEMENT OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC WITHOUT MYEL 7223 72230 SCHMORL’S NftES OF UNSPECIFIED REGION 7225 72252 DEGENERATION OF LUMBAR OR LUMBOSACRAL...OTHER AND UNSPECIFIED DISC DISORDER OF LUMBAR REGION 7240 72400 SPINAL STENOSIS OF UNSPECIFIED REGION 7247 72479 OTHER DISORDERS OF COCCYX 7261 72610

  12. An Annotated Bibliography of United States Air Force Engineering Anthropometry - 1946 to 1988

    Science.gov (United States)

    1988-05-01

    changes were aimed at increasing comfort and reducing the possibility of injury during ejection. Changes con- sisted of including a groove for the coccyx...criteria is discussed, numerous important objective and subjective factors that potentially affect human weightlifting ability are mentioned, the proper...initial and cross-training, due to a reduction in the probability of an individual’s eventual failure in the AFSC; a reduction in injury -related costs

  13. Frank-ter Haar syndrome--additional findings?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Köse, Taha Emre; İşler, Cemil; Şenel, Ş Neslihan; Şitilci, Tolga; Özcan, İlknur; Aksakallı, Nihan

    2016-01-01

    Frank-ter Haar syndrome is a genetic disease that is transmitted by autosomal recessive pattern with characteristic features such as megalocornea or glaucoma, a prominent coccyx, heart defects, developmental delays, brachycephaly, a wide anterior fontanel, finger flexion deformities, full cheeks and micrognathia. Dentomaxillofacial features of this syndrome are not well documented in the literature. We present of a 21-year-old male with Frank-ter Haar syndrome and some features that may be linked with this syndrome not reported before in the literature.

  14. Frank-ter harr syndrome

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saeed, M.; Shair, Q.A.; Saleem, S.M.

    2011-01-01

    Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome (FTHS) is a rare hereditary inherited disorder with many abnormalities. The main clinical features are brachycephaly, wide fontanels, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, prominent eyes, macrocornea with or without glaucoma, full cheeks, small chin, congenital heart defects, kyphoscoliosis, skeletal dysplasia, developmental delay, coccygeal skin folds and flexion deformity of the fingers. This case report describes Frank-Ter Haar syndrome in a 4 months old girl suffering from club foot, dysmorphism, prominent coccyx with skin fold, atrial septal defect, patent ductus asteriosus and megalocornea. (author)

  15. Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saeed, Muhammad; Shair, Qamar Ali; Saleem, Shah Masabat

    2011-04-01

    Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome (FTHS) is a rare hereditary inherited disorder with many abnormalities. The main clinical features are brachycephaly, wide fontanels, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, prominent eyes, macrocornea with or without glaucoma, full cheeks, small chin, congenital heart defects, kyphoscoliosis, skeletal dysplasia, developmental delay, coccygeal skin folds and flexion deformity of the fingers. This case report describes Frank-Ter Haar syndrome in a 4 months old girl suffering from club foot, dysmorphism, prominent coccyx with skin fold, atrial septal defect, patent ductus asteriosus and megalocornea.

  16. Frank–ter Haar syndrome—additional findings?

    Science.gov (United States)

    İşler, Cemil; Şenel, Ş Neslihan; Şitilci, Tolga; Özcan, İlknur; Aksakallı, Nihan

    2016-01-01

    Frank–ter Haar syndrome is a genetic disease that is transmitted by autosomal recessive pattern with characteristic features such as megalocornea or glaucoma, a prominent coccyx, heart defects, developmental delays, brachycephaly, a wide anterior fontanel, finger flexion deformities, full cheeks and micrognathia. Dentomaxillofacial features of this syndrome are not well documented in the literature. We present of a 21-year-old male with Frank–ter Haar syndrome and some features that may be linked with this syndrome not reported before in the literature. PMID:26582053

  17. Characterization of slate ornaments from Teotihuacan by nuclear and conventional techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Villa-Cordoba, T.; Lopez-Palacios, J.A.; Jimenez-Reyes, M.; Tenorio, D.

    2012-01-01

    Several ornaments named tezcacuitlapilli (coccyx-mirrors) are described and chemical analyses of raw materials (slate and pigments) were carried out by neutron activation, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and radiography. Elemental and statistical analyses revealed that three different kinds of slate were used in their manufacture. The white pigment contains gypsum while ochre, yellow and red pigments contain iron oxide. These ornaments were identified as coming from the Cave of the Sun Pyramid of Teotihuacan. An attempt was undertaken to reconstruct the contexts of their manufacture and symbolic interpretation. (author)

  18. Cerebro-costo-mandibular Syndrome

    Science.gov (United States)

    McNicholl, B.; Egan-Mitchell, B.; Murray, J. P.; Doyle, J. F.; Kennedy, J. D.; Crome, L.

    1970-01-01

    Three sibs with a hitherto unreported syndrome are described, the main features being mental handicap, palatal defects, micrognathia, and severe costovertebral defects, involving segmentation of most ribs and fusion of their dorsal ends to the vertebral bodies. In addition one infant had hypoplasia of an elbow together with defects of sacrum and coccyx; she and one other sib had minor dental defects. The syndrome is potentially lethal in the neonatal period; one of the sibs has survived. The inheritance is probably autosomal recessive. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4 PMID:5427859

  19. [The first exploration of a minimally invasive lysis subcutaneouly for the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture based on relatively safe region around standard injection point of gluteal muscle].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Ying; Tang, Zhi-hong; Zhang, Si-rong; Zou, Guo-yao; Xiao, Rong-chi; Liu, Rui-duan; Hu, Jun-zu

    2011-06-01

    To explore the solution of choosing the minimally invasive incision site for gluteal muscle contracture patient based on standard injection point of gluteal muscle. from September 2008 to August 2010, 25 patients (14 males and 11 females with an average of 16.5 years, ranging from 12 to 26 years) with injected gluteal muscle contracture were prospectively studied. The course of disease was from 6 to 12 years. Firstly, the connective skin Surface line from anterior superior iliac spine to coccyx (line AD) was delineated and the point (point O) was marked out as the standard gluteal muscle injection site which was on the one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine(point A) to the coccyx (point D). Secondly, the anterior and posterior edge lines of surface projection of the gluteal muscle contracture banding (line a, line p) were delineated. Thirdly, the distance from B to O and C to O (B is the point of intersection of line a and line AD,C is the point of intersection of line P and line AD)were measured which was the intersection of line a,p and line AD to point O. Lastly, the minimally invasive surgery was operformed via the skin entry of point C. OB = (0 +/- 0.76) cm, OC = (2.86 +/- 0.78) cm, BC = (2.86 +/- 1.01) cm,the mean postoperative drainage was less than 10 ml,there was no nerve damage,hematoma and other complications. All patients achieved the function of squatting in 4 to 6 days. The solution of choosing the minimally invasive incision site based on standard injection point of gluteal muscle has advantages of positioning precisely,handling easily, recoverying quickly, less trauma and safety, etc.

  20. Coccygeal movement: Assessment with dynamic MRI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grassi, Roberto; Lombardi, Giulio; Reginelli, Alfonso; Capasso, Francesco; Romano, Francesco; Floriani, Irene; Colacurci, Nicola

    2007-01-01

    Purpose: Chronic coccygodynia is a difficult problem diagnostically and therapeutically. Moreover, there is no deep knowledge especially in the field of imaging of chronic coccygodynia. In this study several possible measurements are proposed, which all are able to demonstrate coccygeal movement during defecation, in order to assess coccygeal mobility using dynamic MRI during maximum contraction and during straining-evacuation. Materials and methods: A dynamic MRI study of the pelvic floor was performed in 112 patients. Five methods of measurement were assessed. Coccygeal movements were determined through the evaluation of three angles pair and two different distances measured during the phase of maximum contraction and during the phase of straining-evacuation. Results were compared according to age, sex, parity and experience of minor trauma. No patient included in the study had coccygodynia. Measurements taken by two radiologist were compared to determine interobserver agreement. Results: The maximum measurement values of the two distances are homogeneous, between 9 and 9.4 mm. The maximum measurement values of the three angles showed a difference that is between 21 deg. and 38 deg. Two of three angles showed a major measurement values in the funtional texts. In only one patient the coccyx was not mobile. Conclusion: Our dynamic MRI study indicates that the coccyx is mobile during defecation and that it is possible to demonstrate coccygeal excursions by assessing the difference between its positions at maximum contraction and during straining-evacuation. The measurement methods used in this study for evaluating coccygeal movements resulted in variably sized observed differences, but all yielded statistically significant results in demonstrating coccygeal excursion. Among the five measurement methods, two resulted in the largest differences. Our data indicate no correlation between coccygeal movements and age, sex, parity, minor trauma and coccygodynia

  1. Benign chordoma of the sacral bone. Radiologic appearance and differential dignosis; Benignes Chordom des Os Sacrum. Radiologische Morphologie und differential-diagnostische Aspekte

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pegios, W. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany); Vogl, T.J. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany); Rausch, M. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany); Klein, U. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany); Balzer, J.O. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany); Hammerstingl, R. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany); Mack, M.G. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany); Felix, R. [Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany)

    1994-12-31

    Chordomas constitute 3-4% of all primary bony tumors [17, 20] and they arise from remnants of the notochord [4]. They can occur anywhere along the skull base and spine, where the notochord extends. 50% arise in the sacrum, 35% in the clivus and 15% in the vertebrae [17, 20]. Chordomas usually occur after the second decade with the highest incidence between the fifth and seventh decade. There is a male predominance, with roughly a 2 to 1 male-to-female ratio. Children are rarely affected [5, 25, 34]. In this article a case of a patient with a Chordoma of the sacrum is presented. After a fall on the coccyx the patient complained of recurrent and altogether increasing pain for some years. The clinical diagnosis was fracture of the coccyx with consecutive formation of callus. Finally the MRI showed a characteristically increased signal intensity in the T2-weighted spin-echo sequence (SE). With the help of MRI guided biopsy the diagnosis of a benign highly differentiated chordoma could be confirmed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Chordome stellen 3 bis 4% aller primaeren Knochentumoren dar [17, 20] und gehen von den Resten der primitiven Chorda dorsalis aus [4]. Sie koennen ueberall dort auftreten, wo embryonale Reste des Chordagewebes vorhanden sind: 50% im Sacrum, 35% im Clivus und mit 15% an den Wirbelkoepern [17, 20]. Chordome werden in der Regel nach der zweiten Lebensdekade beobachtet und erreichen ihre hoechste Inzidenz zwischen der fuenften und der siebten Lebensdekade. Sie zeigen eine Praeferenz fuer das maennliche Geschlecht mit eine Relation von ungefaehr 2:1. Kinder sind seltener betroffen [5, 25, 34]. Im folgenden soll ein Patient mit einem Chordom des Os Sacrum vorgestellt werden. Nach Sturz auf das Steissbein klagte der Patient jahrelang ueber rezidivierende und insgesamt zunehmende Schmerzsymptomatik. Die klinische Diagnose lautete Zustand nach Steissbeinfraktur mit Kallusbildung. Die schliesslich durchgefuehrte MRT zeigte eine charakteristische erhoehte

  2. Incomplete dicephalous conjoined twins: prenatal US and MRI findings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salvador, Diego; Ruata, Maria I.; Ruiz Lascano, Diogenes; Travella, Claudio; Tinti, Maria E.

    2002-01-01

    The authors report a case of incomplete dicephali conjoined twins, with prenatal diagnostic by ultrasound scan and confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance. In this case the fetus presented two complete heads and necks, two parallel columns up to the coccyx, one single body, two complete arms and two complete legs. Thorax and abdominal organs were not double, however the heart had more than four cavities. This abnormality appears when the zygote division happens after the day 14 from fertilization and it is unable to cause the fission, resulting in an incomplete division. This kind of conjoined twins have practically no chance of surviving, due to the large number of shared organs. The prenatal diagnosis is important to separate these cases from those with a chance of living with surgical intervention. (author)

  3. Splenogonadal fusion with limb deficiency and micrognathia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moore, P J; Hawkins, E P; Galliani, C A; Guerry-Force, M L

    1997-11-01

    Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare abnormality with two known types. In the continuous type, the spleen is connected to the gonad, and there are often limb defects, micrognathia, or other congenital malformations such as ventricular septal defect, anal atresia, microgastria, spina bifida, craniosynostosis, thoracopagus, diaphragmatic hernia, hypoplastic lung and abnormal lung fissures, polymicrogyria, deficient coccyx, and bifid spine C6-T3. The discontinuous type is usually not associated with congenital defects, and the gonad that fused with an accessory spleen has no connection with the native spleen. The etiology of SGF is not known. Conceivably, a teratogenic insult occurring between 5 weeks' and 8 weeks' gestation could interfere with the normal development of the spleen, gonads, and limb buds. We describe a case of splenogonadal fusion in a stillborn black boy with associated micrognathia and limb deformities. Also, we review the possible teratogenic etiologies and embryonic basis of SGF.

  4. Sirenomelia type VI (sympus apus) in one of dizygotic twins at Chiang Mai University Hospital.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nokeaingtong, Kwannapas; Kaewchai, Sirirat; Visrutaratna, Pannee; Khuwuthyakorn, Varangthip

    2015-05-14

    Those born with sirenomelia, a rare congenital anomaly, have features resembling a mermaid. Characteristics of sirenomelia are a single lower limb, sacral and pelvic bone defects, and anorectal and urogenital malformations. There is an increased incidence of sirenomelia in males and twins. This case was a preterm male, dizygotic twin and product of in vitro fertilisation. The baby was born by caesarean section due to breech presentation. He was found to have a fused lower extremity and absent external genitalia and anus. The baby passed away shortly after birth due to severe respiratory failure. Radiographic findings showed small lung volume and pneumothoraces. There were multiple segmental fusions of the vertebrae. Single femur and single tibia were presented in a fused lower limb. Autopsy demonstrated large intestinal atresia, intra-abdominal testes, absence of kidney, ureter and bladder, single umbilical artery, agenesis of blood vessels at lower extremity and agenesis of sacrum and coccyx. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

  5. Anophthalmia-plus syndrome: a clinical report and review of the literature.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Makhoul, Imad R; Soudack, Michalle; Kochavi, Orna; Guilburd, Joseph N; Maimon, Shimon; Gershoni-Baruch, Ruth

    2007-01-01

    We describe a term male infant of healthy non-consanguineous parents, born with congenital malformations, including bilateral cleft palate and lip, mild microphthalmia with iris coloboma and glaucoma of the right eye, and blepharophimosis with severe microphthalmia of the left eye. Spine radiograph and MRI showed first sacral hemivertebra with spina bifida, and agenesis of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th sacral vertebrae and coccyx. Spine MRI showed caudal tethering of spinal cord at L(3) level, filum terminalis lipoma and a syringomyelia. Brain ultrasound and MRI showed hypoplasia of corpus callosum with mild dilatation of the lateral ventricles. Orbital MRI showed bilateral microphthalmia-distorted small left eyeball with posteriorly located lens, and a split vitreous body in the right eye, suggestive of primary hyperplastic vitreous. The karyotype was normal. Summary of the findings in nine cases (our case and eight published cases) support the notion that anophthalmia-plus syndrome (APS) is a distinct syndrome. Gene locus of APS is yet to be identified. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  6. [Forensic Analysis of the Characteristics of Pelvic Fracture in 65 Road Traffic Accident Death Cases].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, W

    2016-12-01

    To analyze the characteristics and mechanisms of pelvic fractures in the cases of road traffic accident deaths. Total 65 cases of road traffic accident deaths with pelvic fracture were collected, and the sites, characteristics and injury mechanisms of pelvic fracture were statistically analyzed. Among the 65 cases of pelvic fracture, 38 cases of dislocation of sacroiliac joint were found, and most combined with pubis symphysis separation or fracture of pubis. In the fractures of pubis, ischium and acetabulum, linear fractures were most common, while comminuted fractures were most common in sacrum and coccyx fractures. There were 54 cases combined with pelvic soft tissue injury, and 8 cases with pelvic organ injury and 44 cases with abdominal organ injury. In the types of pelvic ring injury, 32 cases were separation, 49.32%, followed by compression, 26.15% and only one case was verticality, 1.54%. Detailed and comprehensive examination of the body and determination of the pelvic fracture type contribute to analyze the mechanisms of injury. Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine

  7. Coccygectomy for stubborn coccydynia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CHENG Shao-wen

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available 【Abstract】Objective: To evaluate the preliminary clinical outcomes of coccygectomy in patients with coccydynia after a failure of conservative treatment. Methods: From May 2002 to January 2010, 31 patients with coccydynia were treated by coccygectomy in our department after conservative measures had failed to produce significant relief. A questionnaire, which included the extent of relief in the painful area, improvement in quality of life, intensity of pain in the sitting position, and pain score during daily activities, was used to evaluate the results. Results: All patients were followed up for 1 to 6 years (mean 3.3 years. The results were excellent in 20 patients (64.5%, good in 7 patients (22.6%, moderate in 3 patients (9.7% and poor in 1 patient (3.2%. The excellent and good rates amounted to 87.1%. All patients except one had complete resolution of their symptoms and were subjectively highly satisfied with the outcomes of the surgery. Only 2 cases of superficial infection were observed postoperatively. Conclusion: Coccygectomy is a feasible management option for patients with coccygodynia that has no response to conservative treatments. Key words: Coccyx; Pain; Surgical procedures, operative

  8. Sirenomelia and caudal malformations in two families.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gerard, Marion; Layet, Valérie; Costa, Teresa; Roumazeilles, Yves; Chenal, Pierre; Cailliez, Daniel; Gerard, Bénédicte

    2012-07-01

    We report on two families with co-occurrence of sirenomelia and caudal malformations. In the first family, the mother had undergone surgery for a short form of imperforate anus. Her first pregnancy was terminated because of bilateral renal agenesis with oligohydramnios. Her second pregnancy was interrupted because of sirenomelia. The second family was referred to us because of caudal malformation in their two children. The parents' spinal radiographs were normal. The first pregnancy resulted in a girl with imperforate anus, absence of S3-S5 and coccyx, abnormal pelvic floor, and an almost bifid anteriorly located bladder. The second pregnancy resulted in a baby girl with sirenomelia. No diabetes was present during the pregnancies in either of these two families. These families confirm the hypothesis that major genes are responsible for the embryogenesis of the caudal part of the embryo, with variable expression, as has been already described in sirenomelia mouse models (CYP26A1, BMP7/tsg). Molecular studies are underway in these families and in sporadic cases in our laboratory to explore the genetic basis of sirenomelia in humans. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  9. Coccygectomy Effects in Patients With Resistant Coccydynia in Ahvaz Hospitals From 2010 to 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Khorrami

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Background The majority of the cases of coccydynia occur in conjunction with either subluxated or hypermobile coccyx, and it has been proposed that this pathologic instability may cause chronic inflammatory changes. Objectives This study was done to evaluate the effect of coccygectomy in patients with resistant coccydynia after initial conservative therapy failure. Patients and Methods Between October 2010 and December 2013, 13 patients with coccydynia underwent coccygectomy in the hospitals of Ahvaz city after a failed conservative therapy for at least 4 - 6 months. In order to evaluate the results, a questionnaire was obtained, including the extent of relief in the painful area, improvement in quality of life, intensity of pain in the sitting position, pain during daily activities, and the need for analgesics, according to the criteria described by Bayne. Results The patients were followed up for an average of 25.7 months. The results were good in 11 patients, excellent in 1, and fair in only 1 patient. The excellent and good rates amounted to 92.2%. No major complication was seen. Conclusions Coccygectomy is a successful treatment in patients unresponsive to conservative treatments for coccydynia.

  10. SPINAL CORD- A CADAVERIC STUDY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vijayamma K. N

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND Spinal cord is situated within the vertebral canal extending from the lower end of the medulla oblongata at the upper border of first cervical vertebra. In early foetal life, it extends throughout the length of the vertebral canal, and at the time of birth, it reaches the level of third lumbar vertebra. In adult, it ends at the lower border of first lumbar vertebra and thereafter continued as filum terminale, which gets attached to tip of coccyx. Spinal cord is covered by three protective membranes called spinal meninges, diameter, arachnoid and pia mater. The diameter and arachnoid mater extent up to second sacral vertebra and the pia mater forms filum terminale and extend at the tip of coccyx. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty spinal cord cadaveric specimen were studied by dissection method after exposing the vertebral canal. The roots of spinal nerve were sectioned on both sides and the cord is released along with its coverings. The dura and arachnoid mater were incised longitudinally and the subarachnoid space, blood vessels, nerve roots, ligament denticulata, cervical and lumbar enlargements were observed. The blood vessels including radicular arteries were also studied photographed. RESULTS The spinal cord is a highly vascular structure situated within the vertebral canal, covered by diameter, arachnoid mater and pia mater. Spinal dura is thicker anteriorly than posteriorly. The pia mater forms linea splendens, which extend along the whole length of the cord in front of the anterior median fissure. The average length of the cord is 38 cm. The length and breadth of cervical enlargement was more compared to lumbar enlargement. The number of rootlets in both dorsal and ventral roots accounts more in cervical compared to other regions of the cord. The ligament denticulata is a thin transparent bands of pia mater attached on either sides of the cord between the dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves. The tooth like extensions are well

  11. Prevalence and risk of pressure ulcers in acute care following implementation of practice guidelines: annual pressure ulcer prevalence census 1994-2008.

    Science.gov (United States)

    VanDenKerkhof, Elizabeth G; Friedberg, Elaine; Harrison, Margaret B

    2011-09-01

    Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in the United States were estimated to cost US$2.2 to US$3.6 billion per year in 1999. In the early 1990s clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers were introduced. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology of pressure ulcers in acute care in Canada. The current study is based on 12,787 individuals who were inpatients during a 1-day annual census conducted in an acute care facility in Ontario between 1994 and 2008. The prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcer decreased slightly over time while the risk of pressure ulcer increased. The coccyx sacrum (~27%), heel (13%), ankle (~12%), and ischial tubersosity (~10%) were the most common ulcer sites. The implementation of clinical practice guidelines appears to have improved the quality of patient care, as demonstrated by increasing pressure ulcer risk while the prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers has remained somewhat constant. From a policy perspective the importance of monitoring and tracking the risk and occurrence of this adverse event provides a general indicator of care, considering the many organizational aspects that may ameliorate risk. © 2011 National Association for Healthcare Quality.

  12. Locoregional recurrence of rectal carcinoma. A CT-analysis and a target volume concept in adjuvant radiotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bagatzounis, A.; Koelbl, O.; Mueller, G.; Oppitz, U.; Willner, J.; Flentje, M.

    1997-01-01

    Patients and method: 155 patients with the diagnosis of rectal carcinoma recurrences were treated in our institution between 1980 and 1995. To determine the extension of the recurrent tumor within the pelvic levels (praesacral levels S1-S5, precoccygeal-, pelvic floor level and perineal level) and the tumor infiltration of pelvic organs and muscles we analysed the pretherapeutic CT-images. The lymphnode recurrences were classified as: Pararectal-, presacral-, iliac internal-, iliac external-, iliac communis- and paraaortal recurrences. Results: Sixty-one percent of the patients with rectum exstirpation and 66% with anterior resection showed a combined local and nodal recurrence. Isolated lymph node recurrences were rare (4% and 5%). The local recurrence was mostly situated in the presacral pelvis, predominantly there was an infiltration of the presacral space at the level of S4, S5 and os coccygis regardless of the operating method and the primary tumor location. The anastomosis was involved in the tumor recurrence in 93% of the anteriorly resected patients. In 9 out of 96 patients after rectum exstirpation the pelvic region caudal of the tip of the coccyx was the origin of the recurrent tumor. Primarily all 9 patients had a deep-seated carcinoma ( [de

  13. Importance of endorectal US, CT of the pelvic floor, and defecography in the evaluation of defecation disorders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stuckmann, G.; Antonucci, F.; Hirsig, J.; Zollifofer, C.L.

    1989-01-01

    This paper presents a radiologic evaluation of defecation disorders. Twenty-five patients with symptoms of defecation disorders who presented clinically the findings of dysplasia of the external anal sphincter were examined with endorectal US, defecography, and CT. The findings were compared with those of 15 patients who were given a radiologic examination of the pelvis for other reasons. All patients of the first group underwent surgery. The radiological findings are as follows: defecography: a short anal canal (below 1 cm) and a dorsal anocele; CT: a failure of attachment of the external and sphincter to the coccyx; Endorectal US and CT: absence of posterior parts of the external anal sphincter. None of these findings were demonstrated in the comparison group. All patients of the first group underwent surgery and were proved intraoperatively to have dysplasia of the external anal sphincter, which was corrected subsequently. The authors' results show that at least two kinds of external and anal sphincter dysplasia exist. The results of the radiologic examinations correspond with the intraoperative findings. The authors believe that in chronic constipation in children or adults the radiologic examinations mentioned above should be done because surgical correction of anal sphincter dysplasia leads to an immediate improvement of defecation disorders

  14. Concomitant lower thoracic spine disc disease in lumbar spine MR imaging studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arana, Estanislao; Martí-Bonmatí, Luis; Dosdá, Rosa; Mollá, Enrique

    2002-11-01

    Our objective was to study the coexistence of lower thoracic-spine disc changes in patients with low back pain using a large field of view (FOV) in lumbar spine MR imaging. One hundred fifty patients with low back pain were referred to an MR examination. All patients were studied with a large FOV (27 cm), covering from the coccyx to at least the body of T11. Discs were coded as normal, protrusion, and extrusion (either epiphyseal or intervertebral). The relationship between disc disease and level was established with the Pearson chi(2) test. The T11-12 was the most commonly affected level of the lower thoracic spine with 58 disc cases rated as abnormal. Abnormalities of T11-12 and T12-L1 discs were significantly related only to L1-L2 disease ( p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) but unrelated to other disc disease, patient's gender, and age. No correlation was found between other discs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine can detect a great amount of lower thoracic disease, although its clinical significance remains unknown. A statistically significant relation was found within the thoracolumbar junctional region (T11-L2), reflecting common pathoanatomical changes. The absence of relation with lower lumbar spine discs is probably due to differences in their pathomechanisms.

  15. Concomitant lower thoracic spine disc disease in lumbar spine MR imaging studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arana, Estanislao; Marti-Bonmati, Luis; Dosda, Rosa; Molla, Enrique

    2002-01-01

    Our objective was to study the coexistence of lower thoracic-spine disc changes in patients with low back pain using a large field of view (FOV) in lumbar spine MR imaging. One hundred fifty patients with low back pain were referred to an MR examination. All patients were studied with a large FOV (27 cm), covering from the coccyx to at least the body of T11. Discs were coded as normal, protrusion, and extrusion (either epiphyseal or intervertebral). The relationship between disc disease and level was established with the Pearson χ 2 test. The T11-12 was the most commonly affected level of the lower thoracic spine with 58 disc cases rated as abnormal. Abnormalities of T11-12 and T12-L1 discs were significantly related only to L1-L2 disease (p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) but unrelated to other disc disease, patient's gender, and age. No correlation was found between other discs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine can detect a great amount of lower thoracic disease, although its clinical significance remains unknown. A statistically significant relation was found within the thoracolumbar junctional region (T11-L2), reflecting common pathoanatomical changes. The absence of relation with lower lumbar spine discs is probably due to differences in their pathomechanisms. (orig.)

  16. The presence and absence of lymphatic vessels in the adult human intervertebral disc: relation to disc pathology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kliskey, Karolina; Williams, Kelly; Yu, J.; Urban, Jill; Athanasou, Nick; Jackson, David

    2009-01-01

    Although the normal adult human intervertebral disc is considered to be avascular, vascularised cellular fibrous tissue can be found in pathological conditions involving the disc such as disc herniation. Whether lymphatics vessels form a component of this reparative tissue is not known as the presence or absence of lymphatics in herniated and normal disc tissue is not known. We examined spinal tissues and discectomy specimens for the presence of lymphatics. The examination used immunohistochemistry to identify the specific lymphatic endothelial cell markers, podoplanin and LYVE1. Lymphatic vessels were not found in the nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosus of intact, non-herniated lumbar and thoracic discs but were present in the surrounding ligaments. Ingrowth of fibrous tissue was seen in 73% of herniated disc specimens of which 36% contained LYVE1+/podoplanin + lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic vessels were not seen in the sacrum and coccyx or biopsies of four sacrococcygeal chordomas, but they were noted in surrounding extra-osseous fat and fibrous tissue at the edge of the infiltrating tumour. Our findings indicate that lymphatic vessels are not present in the normal adult intervertebral disc but that, when there is extrusion of disc material into surrounding soft tissue, there is ingrowth of reparative fibrous tissue containing lymphatic vessels. Our findings also indicate that chordoma, a tumour of notochordal origin, spreads to regional lymph nodes via lymphatics in para-spinal soft tissues. (orig.)

  17. Abnormality of the spinal column in pediatric patients with lumbosacral spinal lipoma with special reference to CT findings of the lamina defects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoshifuji, Kazuhisa; Ochi, Satoko; Koyanagi, Izumi; Houkin, Kiyohiro

    2009-01-01

    Lumbosacral spinal lipomas are usually associated with occult spinal dysraphism at the lumbosacral spine. During childfood, posterior arch defects in the lumbosacral spine are considered normal computed tomography (CT) findings because of the presence of interlaminar synchondrosis. In this study, we investigated the CT findings of the lumbosacral spine in the pediatric patients with lumbosacral spinal lipomas. We aimed to characterize the radiological features of the abnormal spinal column in case of spinal lipomas. Twenty-one patients (age, 1 month to 3 years) were enrolled in this study: 11 patients had conus lipoma; 10 patients, filum lipoma. All patients showed lamina defects of the lumbosacral spine on 3D-CT. The number of the defective laminae was significantly larger in the patients with conus lipomas than in those with filum lipomas. Although the appearance of lamina defects in the patients with filum lipoma was similar to the reported findings of defective laminae in normal children, these patients were characterized by mild scoliosis and asymmetry of the posterior arches localized in the lower sacrum and coccyx. On the other hand, the patients with conus lipoma were characterized by wider lamina defects that extended rostrally, 'open-door like' deformity of lamina, vertebral dysgenesis, thoracolumber scoliosis and heterotopic ossification. Such CT characterization of the abnormality of the lumbosacral spine in lipoma patients will be useful to differentiate the pathological spina bifida from the normal open posterior arches in childhood. (author)

  18. Peer-to-peer nursing rounds and hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevalence in a surgical intensive care unit: a quality improvement project.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kelleher, Alyson Dare; Moorer, Amanda; Makic, MaryBeth Flynn

    2012-01-01

    We conducted a quality improvement project in order to evaluate the effect of nurse-to-nurse bedside "rounding" as a strategy to decrease hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) in a surgical intensive care unit. We instituted weekly peer-to-peer bedside skin rounds in a 17-bed surgical intensive care unit. Two nurses were identified as skin champions and trained by the hospital's certified WOC nurse to conduct skin rounds. The skin champion nurses conducted weekly peer-to-peer rounds that included discussions about key elements of our patients' skin status including current Braden Scale for Pressure Sore Risk score, and implementation of specific interventions related to subscale risk assessment. If a pressure ulcer was present, the current action plan was reevaluated for effectiveness. Quarterly HAPU prevalence studies were conducted from January 2008 to December 2010. Nineteen patients experienced a HAPU: 17 were located on the coccyx and 2 on the heel. Ten ulcers were classified as stage II, 3 PU were stage IV, 5 were deemed unstageable, and 1 was classified as a deep tissue injury. The frequency of preventive interventions rose during our quality improvement project. Specifically, the use of prevention surfaces increased 92%, repositioning increased 30%, nutrition interventions increased 77%, and moisture management increased 100%. Prior to focused nursing rounds, the highest HAPU prevalence rate was 27%. After implementing focused nursing rounds, HAPU rates trended down and were 0% for 3 consecutive quarters.

  19. [The adapting of a care plan after Kennedy terminal ulcer diagnosis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roca-Biosca, A; Rubio-Rico, L; Velasco-Guillen, M C; Anguera-Saperas, L

    A 69 year old man was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from the Emergency Department due to severe respiratory failure. Due to unsuccessful non-invasive mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation was performed. A category I ulcer in coccyx was detected 48h after admission. Eight hours later, a double erythema (the second one darker than the first one) with displacement between 30-45° over the bony prominence suggested there was a deep tissue injury. The lesion progressed rapidly during the next 24h. The shape and the rapid evolution of the injury lead us to diagnose a Kennedy terminal ulcer (KTU). At 72h after the admission, and once the causes of acute decompensation were ruled out, limitation of life-sustaining treatment was decided. An individualised plan of care was drawn up with the aim of identifying problems in a patient with KTU evolving from a critical to a terminal situation. Our overall objectives (NOC) were to adapt the care plan based on a realistic approach. Nursing interventions (NIC) included actions such as pain management, conservative treatment of the injury, agony care and support to help the family to make decisions. The diagnosis of KTU helped the health care team in the decision-making process when they considered limiting the life support, as well as in the adapting of the care plan to the actual situation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEEIUC. All rights reserved.

  20. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Verification of a Case of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dedushi, Kreshnike; Kabashi, Serbeze; Mucaj, Sefedin; Ramadani, Naser; Hoxhaj, Astrit; Shatri, Jeton; Hasbahta, Gazmend

    2016-01-01

    Although rare, sacrococcygeal teratoma is the most common congenital neoplasm, occurring in 1 in 40,000 infants. Approximately 75% of affected infants are female. The aim of the present study was to correlate ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Three pregnant women in 27th week of gestation underwent fetal MRI after ultrasonography examination, with findings suggestive for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Tumor size, location, extent and content were evaluated both by MRI and ultrasonography. Findings regarding tumor location, size and content were similar for both methods. There was a large well-circumscribed mixed, cystic/solid oval mass, originating from right sacro-gluteal region and projecting into the amniotic cavity, 132 × 110 × 76 mm in size. The mass had a heterogeneous appearance. The T1 high signal suggested fat component of the tumor, while T1 and T2 hypointense components suggested calcified/bony components. There was also T1 hypointense component consistent with cystic and fluid component. The imaging findings were characteristic for sacrococcygeal teratoma. There was not obvious lumbar or thoracic spinal involvement. There was no gross intrapelvic or abdominal extension, and even sacrum and coccyx appeared deformed. The amount of amniotic fluid was increased. MRI was superior to ultrasonography in the evaluation of the exact tumor extent, accurately demonstrating pelvic involvement in all of the three cases. Fetal MRI has shown to be a valuable adjunct to obstetric sonography in the evaluation of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma, because of its higher accuracy in the determination of tumors extent and content, playing a significant role in the therapeutic planning and increasing the chances of cure for these fetuses. PMID:28983369

  1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Verification of a Case of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dedushi, Kreshnike; Kabashi, Serbeze; Mucaj, Sefedin; Ramadani, Naser; Hoxhaj, Astrit; Shatri, Jeton; Hasbahta, Gazmend

    2016-08-01

    Although rare, sacrococcygeal teratoma is the most common congenital neoplasm, occurring in 1 in 40,000 infants. Approximately 75% of affected infants are female. The aim of the present study was to correlate ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Three pregnant women in 27th week of gestation underwent fetal MRI after ultrasonography examination, with findings suggestive for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Tumor size, location, extent and content were evaluated both by MRI and ultrasonography. Findings regarding tumor location, size and content were similar for both methods. There was a large well-circumscribed mixed, cystic/solid oval mass, originating from right sacro-gluteal region and projecting into the amniotic cavity, 132 × 110 × 76 mm in size. The mass had a heterogeneous appearance. The T1 high signal suggested fat component of the tumor, while T1 and T2 hypointense components suggested calcified/bony components. There was also T1 hypointense component consistent with cystic and fluid component. The imaging findings were characteristic for sacrococcygeal teratoma. There was not obvious lumbar or thoracic spinal involvement. There was no gross intrapelvic or abdominal extension, and even sacrum and coccyx appeared deformed. The amount of amniotic fluid was increased. MRI was superior to ultrasonography in the evaluation of the exact tumor extent, accurately demonstrating pelvic involvement in all of the three cases. Fetal MRI has shown to be a valuable adjunct to obstetric sonography in the evaluation of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma, because of its higher accuracy in the determination of tumors extent and content, playing a significant role in the therapeutic planning and increasing the chances of cure for these fetuses.

  2. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of spinal injuries in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sorokovikov V.A.

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Spine injuries in children are of great social significance. Currently, the incidence of spinal cord injuries in children has increased; this is due to the use of modern imaging devices (digital X-ray examination, CT, MRI at the prehospital and hospital stages. For children, compression fractures of the vertebral body, which are associated with serious injuries to the musculoskeletal system, are more characteristic. Compression fractures of vertebral bodies (1–2 % with improper treatment can lead to aseptic necrosis of the vertebra, kyphoscoliosis and other pathological conditions, which often results in disability. When X-ray diagnosis of fractures of transverse and spinous processes, one should consider additional ossification points, which can be mistaken for fractures. Also, differential diagnosis should take into account congenital wedge vertebrae and other abnormalities of vertebral development, which can be mistaken for fractures. The publication presents the results of a comprehensive examination and treatment of 85 children with spine trauma. The age of the examined was from 3 months to 16 years. In 20 cases, we detected compression fractures of the spine at different levels (cervical – 1, upper-thoracic – 4, medium-thoracic – 10, lower-thoracic – 2, lumbar – 3. In 25 cases, a rotational subluxation of the C I vertebra was diagnosed, in 3 – a traumatic rupture of the intervertebral disc, in 29 – a fracture of the coccyx. Complicated injuries of the spine accompanied by lesions of the spinal cord and roots were noted in 7 patients. Given the anatomical and physiological features of spine injuries in children, conservative methods of treatment were predominantly used.

  3. Distinguishing benign notochordal cell tumors from vertebral chordoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamaguchi, Takehiko; Iwata, Jun; Sugihara, Shinsuke; McCarthy, Edward F.; Karita, Michiaki; Murakami, Hideki; Kawahara, Norio; Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki; Tomita, Katsuro

    2008-01-01

    The objective was to characterize imaging findings of benign notochordal cell tumors (BNCTs). Clinical and imaging data for 9 benign notochordal cell tumors in 7 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Conventional radiographs (n = 9), bone scintigrams (n = 2), computed tomographic images (n = 7), and magnetic resonance images (n = 8) were reviewed. Eight of the 9 lesions were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and microscopically examined. There were 3 male and 4 female patients with an age range of 22 to 55 years (average age, 44 years). Two patients had two lesions at different sites. The lesions involved the cervical spine in 4 patients, the lumbar spine in 2, the sacrum in 2, and the coccyx in 1. The most common symptom was mild pain. The lesions of 2 patients were found incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. Five patients underwent surgical procedures. One patient died of surgical complications. All other patients have been well without recurrent or progressive disease for 13 to 84 months. Radiographs usually did not reveal significant abnormality. Five lesions exhibited subtle sclerosis and 1 showed intense sclerosis. Technetium bone scan did not reveal any abnormal uptake. Computed tomography images had increased density within the vertebral bodies. The lesions had a homogeneous low signal intensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and a high intensity on T2-weighted images without soft-tissue mass. Microscopically, lesions contained sheets of adipocyte-like vacuolated chordoid cells without a myxoid matrix. Benign notochordal cell tumors may be found during routine clinical examinations and do not require surgical management unless they show extraosseous disease. These tumors should be recognized by radiologists, pathologists, and orthopedic surgeons to prevent operations, which usually are extensive. (orig.)

  4. Dose from radiological examinations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Imamura, Keiko; Uji, Teruyuki; Sakuyama, Keiko; Fujikawa, Mitsuhiro; Fujii, Masamichi

    1976-01-01

    Relatively high gonad doses, several hundred to one thousand mR, have been observed in case of pelvis, hip-joint, coccyx, lower abdomen and lumber examination. Dose to the ovary is especially high in barium enema and I.V.P. examinations. About 12 per cent of the 4-ray examination are high-dose. The gonad dose is relatively high in examination of abdomen and lower extremities, in infants. The dose to the eyes is especially high, 1.0 to 2.5R per exposure, in temporal bone and nasal sinuses tomography. X-ray doses have been compared with dose limits recommended by ICRP and with the gonad dose from natural radiations. The gonad dose in lumbar examination, barium enema, I.V.P. etc. is as high as the maximum permissible dose per year recommended by ICRP. Several devices have been made for dose reduction in the daily examinations: (1) separating the radiation field from the gonad by one centimeter decreases the gonad dose about one-half. (2) using sensitive screens and films. In pelvimetry and in infant hip-joint examination, the most sensitive screen and film are used. In the I.V.P. examination of adult, use of MS screen in place of FS screen decreases the dose to one-third, in combination with careful setting of radiation field, (3) use of grid increases the dose about 50 percent and the lead rubber protection (0.1mm lead equivalent) decreases the gonad dose to one-thirtieth in the spinal column examination of infant, (4) A lead protector, 1mm thickness and 2.5cm in diameter, on the eyes decreases the dose to about one-eighth in the face and nead examinations. These simple and effective methods for dose reduction. Should be carried out in as many examinations as possible in addition to observing dose limits recommended by ICRP. (Evans, J.)

  5. Anatomical basis of the lateral superior gluteal artery perforator (LSGAP) flap and role in bilateral breast reconstruction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fade, Geraldine; Gobel, Fabienne; Pele, Eric; Chaput, Benoit; Garrido, Ignacio; Pinsolle, Vincent; Pelissier, Philippe; Sinna, Raphael

    2013-06-01

    Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is one of the gold standards in autologous breast reconstruction. When the abdominal tissue is not available, the superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) is often a second option with its drawback, especially the donor-site deformity. Reports have highlighted that a higher and more lateral SGAP flap can be harvested to overcome several drawbacks of the classical SGAP, allowing in the same procedure a body-contouring procedure. In order to set the anatomical basis of this flap, we proposed to study the characteristics of a reliable and easily identifiable superior and lateral perforator of the superior gluteal artery (lateral SGAP (LSGAP)) situated in the region of the lower body-lift resection allowing to perform bilateral breast reconstruction at the same time. The anatomical study of 50 scans (or 100 buttocks) allows us to set forth a diagnostic assumption on the localisation of the perforator with respect to osseous landmarks (coccyx, iliac crest and great trochanter) which will be verified during the dissection of 10 cadavers (or 20 buttocks) and during the 20 colour Doppler examination (or 40 buttocks). In our computed tomography (CT) scan study, in 96% of cases, the perforator was situated in a circle with a radius≤3 cm with a 95% confidence interval and located at the junction of the proximal third-middle third of the distance summit of the posterior iliac crest (point B), most lateral point of the greater trochanter (point C). This assumption was verified by the cadaveric dissection and in vivo studies. Our study sets the anatomical landmarks of the LSGAP flap. This option allows the raising of an SGAP flap avoiding the main drawbacks of this flap and allows harvesting a flap with the tissue that is often discarded during the body-lift procedure. Copyright © 2013 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Chronic female pelvic pain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gaurab Maitra

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Chronic pelvic pain (CPP is defined as nonmalignant pain perceived in the structures related to the pelvis that has been present for more than 6 months or a non acute pain mechanism of shorter duration. Pain in the pelvic region can arise from musculoskeletal, gynaecological, urologic, gastrointestinal and or neurologic conditions. Key gynaecological conditions that contribute to CPP include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID, endometriosis, adnexa pathologies (ovarian cysts, ovarian remnant syndrome, uterine pathologies (leiomyoma, adenomyosis and pelvic girdle pain associated with pregnancy. Several major and minor sexually transmitted diseases (STD can cause pelvic and vulvar pain. A common painful condition of the urinary system is Interstitial cystitis(IC. A second urologic condition that can lead to development of CPP is urethral syndrome. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS is associated with dysmenorrhoea in 60% of cases. Other bowel conditions contributing to pelvic pain include diverticular disease,Crohn′s disease ulcerative colitis and chronic appendicitis. Musculoskeletal pathologies that can cause pelvic pain include sacroiliac joint (SIJ dysfunction, symphysis pubis and sacro-coccygeal joint dysfunction, coccyx injury or malposition and neuropathic structures in the lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral plexus. Prolonged pelvic girdle pain, lasting more than 6 months postpartum is estimated in 3% to 30% of women. Nerve irritation or entrapment as a cause of pelvic pain can be related to injury of the upper lumbar segments giving rise to irritation of the sensory nerves to the ventral trunk or from direct trauma from abdominal incisions or retractors used during abdominal surgical procedures. Afflictions of the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, pudendal and obturator nerves are of greatest concern in patients with pelvic pain. Patient education about the disease and treatment involved is paramount. A knowledge of the differential

  7. Audit of litigation against the accident and emergency radiology department.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cantoni, S; De Stefano, F; Mari, A; Savaia, F; Rosso, R; Derchi, L

    2009-09-01

    The aims of this study were to reduce and monitor litigation due to failure to diagnose a fracture, to evaluate whether the cases were due to radiological error or other problems in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients and to identify organisational, technical or functional changes or guidelines to improve the management of patients with suspected fracture and their expectations. We analysed the litigation database for the period 2004-2006 and extracted all episodes indicating failure to diagnose a fracture at the accident and emergency radiology department of our centre. The radiographs underwent blinded review by two experts, and each case was jointly analysed by a radiologist and a forensic physician to see what led to the compensation claim. We identified 22 events (2004 seven cases; 2005 eight cases; 2006 seven cases). Six cases were unrelated to radiological error. Six were due to imperceptible fractures at the time of the examination. These were accounted for by the presence of a major lesion distracting the examiner's attention from a less important associated lesion in one case, a false negative result in a patient examined on a incompletely radiolucent spinal board and underexposure of the coccyx region in an obese patient. Six cases were related to an interpretation error by the radiologist. In the remaining cases, the lesion being referred to in the compensation claim could either not be established or the case was closed by the insurance company without compensation. Corrective measures were adopted. These included planning the purchase of a higher performance device, drawing up a protocol for imaging patients on spinal boards, reminding radiologists of the need to carefully scrutinise the entire radiogram even after having identified a lesion, and producing an information sheet explaining to patients the possibility of false negative results in cases of imperceptible lesions and inviting them to return to the department if symptoms

  8. Areal and volumetric Bone Mineral Density and risk of multiple types of fracture in older men

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chalhoub, Didier; Orwoll, Eric S.; Cawthon, Peggy M.; Ensrud, Kristine E.; Boudreau, Robert; Greenspan, Susan; Newman, Anne B.; Zmuda, Joseph; Bauer, Douglas; Cummings, Steven; Cauley, Jane A.

    2016-01-01

    Although many studies have examined the association between low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in older men, none have simultaneously studied the relationship between multiple BMD sites and risk of different types of fractures. Using data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study, we evaluated the association between areal BMD (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and volumetric BMD (vBMD) by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurements, and different types of fractures during an average of 9.7 years of follow up. Men answered questionnaires about fractures every 4 months (>97% completions). Fractures were confirmed by centralized review of radiographic reports; pathological fractures were excluded. Risk of fractures was assessed at the hip, spine, wrist, shoulder, rib/chest/sternum, ankle/foot/toe, arm, hand/finger, leg, pelvis/coccyx, skull/face and any non-spine fracture. Age and race adjusted Cox proportional-hazards modeling was used to assess the risk of fracture in 3301 older men with both aBMD (at the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine) and vBMD (at the trabecular spine and FN, and cortical FN) measurements, with hazard ratios (HRs) expressed per standard deviation (SD) decrease. Lower FN and spine aBMD were associated with an increased risk of fracture at the hip, spine, wrist, shoulder, rib/chest/sternum, arm, and any non-spine fracture (statistically significant HRs per SD decrease ranged from 1.24 - 3.57). Lower trabecular spine and FN vBMD were associated with increased risk of most fractures with statistically significant HRs ranging between 1.27 and 3.69. There was a statistically significant association between FN cortical vBMD and fracture risk at the hip (HR=1.55) and spine sites (HR=1.26), but no association at other fracture sites. In summary, both lower aBMD and vBMD were associated with increased fracture risk. The stronger associations observed for trabecular vBMD than cortical vBMD may reflect the greater

  9. Injuries at a Canadian National Taekwondo Championships: a prospective study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pieter Willy

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the injury rates in male and female adult Canadian Taekwondo athletes relative to total number of injuries, type and body part injured. Methods Subjects (219 males, 99 females participated in the 1997 Canadian National Taekwondo Championships in Toronto, Canada. Injuries were recorded on an injury form to documents any injury seen and treatment provided by the health care team. These data were later used for this study. The injury form describes the athlete and nature, site, severity and mechanism of the injury. Results The overall rate of injuries was 62.9/1,000 athlete-exposures (A-E. The males (79.9/1,000 A-E sustained significantly more injuries than the females (25.3/1,000 A-E. The lower extremities were the most commonly injured body region in the men (32.0 /1,000 A-E, followed by the head and neck (18.3/1,000 A-E. Injuries to the spine (neck, upper back, low back and coccyx were the third most often injured body region in males (13.8/1,000 A-E. All injuries to the women were sustained to the lower extremities. The most common type of injury in women was the contusion (15.2/1,000 A-E. However, men's most common type of injury was the sprain (22.8/1,000 A-E followed by joint dysfunction (13.7/1,000A-E. Concussions were only reported in males (6.9/1,000 A-E. Compared to international counterparts, the Canadian men and women recorded lower total injury rates. However, the males incurred more cerebral concussions than their American colleagues (4.7/1,000 A-E. Conclusions Similar to what was found in previous studies, the current investigation seems to suggest that areas of particular concern for preventive measures involve the head and neck as well as the lower extremities. This is the first paper to identify spinal joint dysfunction.

  10. Comparative sacral morphology and the reconstructed tail lengths of five extinct primates: Proconsul heseloni, Epipliopithecus vindobonensis, Archaeolemur edwardsi, Megaladapis grandidieri, and Palaeopropithecus kelyus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Russo, Gabrielle A

    2016-01-01

    This study evaluated the relationship between the morphology of the sacrum-the sole bony link between the tail or coccyx and the rest of the body-and tail length (including presence/absence) and function using a comparative sample of extant mammals spanning six orders (Primates, Carnivora, Rodentia, Diprotodontia, Pilosa, Scandentia; N = 472). Phylogenetically-informed regression methods were used to assess how tail length varied with respect to 11 external and internal (i.e., trabecular) bony sacral variables with known or suspected biomechanical significance across all mammals, only primates, and only non-primates. Sacral variables were also evaluated for primates assigned to tail categories ('tailless,' 'nonprehensile short-tailed,' 'nonprehensile long-tailed,' and 'prehensile-tailed'). Compared to primates with reduced tail lengths, primates with longer tails generally exhibited sacra having larger caudal neural openings than cranial neural openings, and last sacral vertebrae with more mediolaterally-expanded caudal articular surfaces than cranial articular surfaces, more laterally-expanded transverse processes, more dorsally-projecting spinous processes, and larger caudal articular surface areas. Observations were corroborated by the comparative sample, which showed that shorter-tailed (e.g., Lynx rufus [bobcat]) and longer-tailed (e.g., Acinonyx jubatus [cheetah]) non-primate mammals morphologically converge with shorter-tailed (e.g., Macaca nemestrina) and longer-tailed (e.g., Macaca fascicularis) primates, respectively. 'Prehensile-tailed' primates exhibited last sacral vertebrae with more laterally-expanded transverse processes and greater caudal articular surface areas than 'nonprehensile long-tailed' primates. Internal sacral variables performed poorly compared to external sacral variables in analyses of extant primates, and were thus deemed less useful for making inferences concerning tail length and function in extinct primates. The tails lengths of

  11. A roentgenological study of the pelvimetry in the Korean women

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Byung Soo; Seo, Kap Won

    1972-01-01

    Author studied the pelvimeteric values with the x-ray pelvimetry of Colcher-Sussman method, and the features of pelvis and fetus in 191 cases of the Korean pregnant women visited at Busan National University Hospital and Busan Marynoll Hospital during about 5 years from January 1967 to July 1972. The patients were divided retrospectively into four groups, such as A,B,C, and D, in according to the result of the delivery. Group A meant 56 cases who had the normal delivery. Group B meant 26 cases who had the normal spontaneous delivery with the prolonged time in the course. Group C meant 24 cases who had the vacum of forceps delivery with the prolonged time in the course. Group D meant 85 cases who had the cesarean operation. The results obtained were summarized as follows; (I) The measurements of x-ray pelvimetry for group A. (1) Pelvic inlet (i) A-P diameter; M ±m=11.43 ± 0.13 (ii) Transverse diameter; M ±m=12.57 ± 0.10 (2) Mid-pelvis (i) A-P diameter; M ± m= 11.29 ± 0.10 (ii) Transverse diameter; M ± m=10.04 ± 0.08 (3) Pelvic outlet (i) A-P diameter; M ± m= 6.93 ± 0.11 (ii) Transverse diameter; M ± m=9.88 ± 0.11 The above measurement obtained were smaller in its figures than those of Shin and Kim, and even more smaller as compared with those of American (Table 31). (II) Comparison of Group A (normal delivery) with Group D (C-section) (1) Features of maternal pelvis (i) Flat sacum was not seen in Group A, but 28% in Group D. (ii) Anteriorly angulated coccyx was not seen in Group A, but 8% in Group D. (ii) Subpubic angle, smaller than 69 in degree, was 14% in Group A, but 34% in Group D. (2) Features of fetus (i) Right sided position of spine was 11% in Group A, but 34% in Group D. (ii) Absence of engagement was 8% in Group A, but 30% in Group D, therefore, those cases in which duration of pregnancy was prolonged and absence of engagement was observed, and seemed to be recommendable of the cesarean operation

  12. A roentgenological study of the pelvimetry in the Korean women

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Byung Soo; Seo, Kap Won [Busan National University College of Medicine, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

    1972-12-15

    Author studied the pelvimeteric values with the x-ray pelvimetry of Colcher-Sussman method, and the features of pelvis and fetus in 191 cases of the Korean pregnant women visited at Busan National University Hospital and Busan Marynoll Hospital during about 5 years from January 1967 to July 1972. The patients were divided retrospectively into four groups, such as A,B,C, and D, in according to the result of the delivery. Group A meant 56 cases who had the normal delivery. Group B meant 26 cases who had the normal spontaneous delivery with the prolonged time in the course. Group C meant 24 cases who had the vacum of forceps delivery with the prolonged time in the course. Group D meant 85 cases who had the cesarean operation. The results obtained were summarized as follows; (I) The measurements of x-ray pelvimetry for group A. (1) Pelvic inlet (i) A-P diameter; M {+-}m=11.43 {+-} 0.13 (ii) Transverse diameter; M {+-}m=12.57 {+-} 0.10 (2) Mid-pelvis (i) A-P diameter; M {+-} m= 11.29 {+-} 0.10 (ii) Transverse diameter; M {+-} m=10.04 {+-} 0.08 (3) Pelvic outlet (i) A-P diameter; M {+-} m= 6.93 {+-} 0.11 (ii) Transverse diameter; M {+-} m=9.88 {+-} 0.11 The above measurement obtained were smaller in its figures than those of Shin and Kim, and even more smaller as compared with those of American (Table 31). (II) Comparison of Group A (normal delivery) with Group D (C-section) (1) Features of maternal pelvis (i) Flat sacum was not seen in Group A, but 28% in Group D. (ii) Anteriorly angulated coccyx was not seen in Group A, but 8% in Group D. (ii) Subpubic angle, smaller than 69 in degree, was 14% in Group A, but 34% in Group D. (2) Features of fetus (i) Right sided position of spine was 11% in Group A, but 34% in Group D. (ii) Absence of engagement was 8% in Group A, but 30% in Group D, therefore, those cases in which duration of pregnancy was prolonged and absence of engagement was observed, and seemed to be recommendable of the cesarean operation.

  13. CT-guided injection for ganglion impar blockade: a radiological approach to the management of coccydynia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Datir, A.; Connell, D.

    2010-01-01

    Aim: To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in needle placement for ganglion impar blocks, and to determine the efficacy of CT-guided ganglion impar blocks in the management of coccydynia. Materials and methods: The results of ganglion impar blockade in eight patients with coccydynia secondary to trauma or unknown cause were reviewed. The diagnosis of coccydynia was based on clinical history, location of pain, and response to previous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The eight patients were treated with CT-guided ganglion impar blocks to manage their coccyx pain after conservative procedures, including oral medication and cushions, failed to provide relief. All patients were subjected to ganglion impar blocks under a thin-section CT-guided technique for needle placement, using a mixture of bupivacaine and triamcinolone. The patients were followed-up for a period of 6-months. Results: Eight patients were treated in this study with a total of 11 injections. A technical success of 100% was achieved in all cases with accurate needle placement without any complications and all the patients tolerated the procedure well. Out of eight, three patients (37%) had complete relief of pain on the follow-up intervals up to 6 months. Three out of eight patients (37%), had partial relief of symptoms and a second repeat injection was given at the 3 month interval of the follow-up period. At the end of the 6-month follow-up period, six out of eight patients (75%) experienced symptomatic relief (four complete relief and two partial relief) without any additional resort to conventional pain management. Twenty-five percent (two out of eight) did not have any symptomatic improvement. The mean visual analogue score (VAS) pre-procedure was 8 (range 6-10) and had decreased to 2 (range 0-5) in six out of eight patients. Conclusion: CT can be used as an imaging method to identify the ganglion and guide the needle in ganglion impar blockade. The advantages of CT

  14. CT-guided injection for ganglion impar blockade: a radiological approach to the management of coccydynia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Datir, A., E-mail: apdatir@gmail.co [Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL (United States); Connell, D. [Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex (United Kingdom)

    2010-01-15

    Aim: To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in needle placement for ganglion impar blocks, and to determine the efficacy of CT-guided ganglion impar blocks in the management of coccydynia. Materials and methods: The results of ganglion impar blockade in eight patients with coccydynia secondary to trauma or unknown cause were reviewed. The diagnosis of coccydynia was based on clinical history, location of pain, and response to previous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The eight patients were treated with CT-guided ganglion impar blocks to manage their coccyx pain after conservative procedures, including oral medication and cushions, failed to provide relief. All patients were subjected to ganglion impar blocks under a thin-section CT-guided technique for needle placement, using a mixture of bupivacaine and triamcinolone. The patients were followed-up for a period of 6-months. Results: Eight patients were treated in this study with a total of 11 injections. A technical success of 100% was achieved in all cases with accurate needle placement without any complications and all the patients tolerated the procedure well. Out of eight, three patients (37%) had complete relief of pain on the follow-up intervals up to 6 months. Three out of eight patients (37%), had partial relief of symptoms and a second repeat injection was given at the 3 month interval of the follow-up period. At the end of the 6-month follow-up period, six out of eight patients (75%) experienced symptomatic relief (four complete relief and two partial relief) without any additional resort to conventional pain management. Twenty-five percent (two out of eight) did not have any symptomatic improvement. The mean visual analogue score (VAS) pre-procedure was 8 (range 6-10) and had decreased to 2 (range 0-5) in six out of eight patients. Conclusion: CT can be used as an imaging method to identify the ganglion and guide the needle in ganglion impar blockade. The advantages of CT

  15. Sacrococcygeal chordoma in a 9-year-old boy Cordoma sacrococígeo em um menino de 9 anos de idade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lúcia de Noronha

    1995-09-01

    Full Text Available A case of sacrococcygeal chordoma in a 9-year-old boy is presented. The symptoms at presentation were pain in both legs and sacrococcygeal region for the last two years that increased in the last four weeks irradiating mainly to the left leg. X-ray and CT scan examinations of the lumbar region revealed an expansive process in the coccygeal region with multiple calcifications and a partially eroded coccyx. There was no invasion of the retroperitoneum and regional lymph nodes. A biopsy was performed and showed cords and nests of cells with large cytoplasm, sometimes vacuolated, nuclei with moderate pleomorphism and clumped chromatin. Immunohistochemistry with avidin-biotin peroxidase technique showed positivity for CK, S-100 protein, CEA, vimentin and to EMA. Chordomas are a distinctly uncommon neoplasm in the first two decades of life, specially in the sacrococcygeal region. They have an aggressive behavior. Treatment of choice is complete resection.Os autores apresentam um caso de cordoma sacroccígeo em um menino de 9 anos de idade. O paciente foi admitido no hospital com história de dor na região sacral e nos membros inferiores com dois anos de evolução, piorando nas últimas quatro semanas. O exame físico revelou atrofia muscular moderada em ambos os membros inferiores, diminuição do reflexo patelar e presença do sinal de Lasègue à esquerda. Os exames de imagem da região lombar mostraram um processo expansivo na região sacrococcígea com erosão parcial do coccix e focos de calcificação, sem evidência de metástases para linfonodos regionais. Foi realizada biópsia diagnóstica que mostrou neoplasia formada por cordões e ninhos de células de citoplasma amplo, por vezes vacuolado, com núcleos moderadamente pleomórficos com cromatina grumosa. O estudo imuno-histoquímico revelou positividade para CK, proteína S-100, CEA, vimentina e EMA. Cordomas são tumores raros que representam em torno de 2% de todas as neoplasias

  16. Pressure ulcer incidence and progression in critically ill subjects: influence of low air loss mattress versus a powered air pressure redistribution mattress.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Black, Joyce; Berke, Christine; Urzendowski, Gail

    2012-01-01

    The primary objective of this study was to compare facility-acquired pressure ulcer incidence and progression of pressure ulcers present on admission in critically ill patients, using 2 different support surfaces. We completed a comparison cohort study in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). The study setting was a 12-bed cardiovascular ICU in a university-based hospital in the Midwestern United States. The sample comprised 52 critically ill patients; 31 were placed on low air loss weight-based pressure redistribution-microclimate management system beds and 21 were placed on integrated powered air pressure redistribution beds. Prior to the start of the study, 5 low airloss beds were placed in open rooms in the cardiovascular surgical ICU. Inclusion criteria were anticipated ICU stay of 3 days, and patients did not receive a speciality bed for pulmonary or wound issues. Initial assessment of the patients included risk assessment and prior events that would increase risk for pressure ulcer development such as extended time in operating room, along with skin assessment for existing pressure ulcers. Subjects in both groups had ongoing skin assessment every 3 to 4 days and a subjective evaluation of heel elevation and turning or repositioning by the researcher. Data were collected until the subjects were dismissed from the ICU. Patients admitted to the unit were assigned to open rooms following the usual protocols. The mean length of stay was 7.0 days, with an 8.1-day length of stay for subjects on "low air loss with microclimate management" beds (LAL-MCM) and 6.6 days on the integrated power pressure air redistribution (IP-AR) beds (P = NS). The incidence of pressure ulcers on the buttocks, sacrum, or coccyx was 0% (0/31) on the low air loss bed and 18% (4/21) on the IP-AR bed (P = .046). Five subjects had 6 pressure ulcers on admission. Two pressure ulcers on 2 patients worsened on the integrated power air redistribution beds, which required specialty bed rental

  17. Locoregional recurrence of rectal carcinoma. A CT-analysis and a target volume concept in adjuvant radiotherapy; Das lokoregionaere Rezidiv des Rektumkarzinoms. Eine computertomographische Analyse und ein Zielvolumenkonzept fuer die adjuvante Radiotherapie

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bagatzounis, A. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Strahlentherapie; Koelbl, O. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Strahlentherapie; Mueller, G. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Strahlentherapie; Oppitz, U. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Strahlentherapie; Willner, J. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Strahlentherapie; Flentje, M. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Strahlentherapie

    1997-02-01

    Patients and method: 155 patients with the diagnosis of rectal carcinoma recurrences were treated in our institution between 1980 and 1995. To determine the extension of the recurrent tumor within the pelvic levels (praesacral levels S1-S5, precoccygeal-, pelvic floor level and perineal level) and the tumor infiltration of pelvic organs and muscles we analysed the pretherapeutic CT-images. The lymphnode recurrences were classified as: Pararectal-, presacral-, iliac internal-, iliac external-, iliac communis- and paraaortal recurrences. Results: Sixty-one percent of the patients with rectum exstirpation and 66% with anterior resection showed a combined local and nodal recurrence. Isolated lymph node recurrences were rare (4% and 5%). The local recurrence was mostly situated in the presacral pelvis, predominantly there was an infiltration of the presacral space at the level of S4, S5 and os coccygis regardless of the operating method and the primary tumor location. The anastomosis was involved in the tumor recurrence in 93% of the anteriorly resected patients. In 9 out of 96 patients after rectum exstirpation the pelvic region caudal of the tip of the coccyx was the origin of the recurrent tumor. Primarily all 9 patients had a deep-seated carcinoma (<6 cm ab ano). Only 2 patients showed an isolated perineal recurrence after rectum exstirpation. Two thirds of the deepseated tumors showed a vaginal involvement. The incidence of iliac internal- and presacral nodal recurrence was 47 to 59%. The incidence of iliac external lymph node recurrences was 7% after rectum exstirpation and 2% after anterior resection/Hartmann procedure. (orig./AJ) [Deutsch] Patienten und Methode: 155 Patienten wurden in unserer Klinik im Zeitraum 1980 bis 1995 wegen eines Rektumkarzinomrezidivs behandelt. Die Rezidivausdehnung innerhalb der Beckenetagen (Sakralsegmente S1 bis S5, praekokzygeal, Beckenbodenetage und perineales Weichgewebe) und die Infiltration von Beckenorganen und Muskelgruppen

  18. [Experiment study on ultrashort wave for treating vascular crisis after rat tail replantation].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Long; Gao, Wenshan; Xi, Ali; Wang, Cong; Chen, Shouying; Zhao, Yanyan; Di, Keqian; Yang, Xincai; Weng, Shengbin

    2012-10-01

    To explore the effect and mechanism of ultrashort wave (USW) for prevention and treatment of vascular crisis after rat tail replantation. Eighty 3-month old female Sprague Dawley rats (weighing 232.8-289.6 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups. In each group, based on the caudal vein and the coccyx was retained, the tail was cut off. The tail artery was ligated in group A; the tail artery was anastomosed in groups B, C, D, and E to establish the tail replantation model. After surgery, the rats of group B were given normal management; the rats of group C were immediately given intraperitoneal injection (3.125 mL/kg) of diluted papaverine hydrochloride injection (1 mg/mL); the rats of groups D and E were immediately given the local USW treatment (once a day) at anastomotic site for 5 days at the dosage of 3 files and 50 mA for 20 minutes (group D) and 2 files and 28 mA for 20 minutes (group E). The survival rate of the rat tails was observed for 10 days after the tail replantation. The tail skin temperature difference between proximal and distal anastomosis was measured at pre- and post-operation; the change between postoperative and preoperative temperature difference was calculated. The blood plasma specimens were collected from the inner canthus before operation and from the tip of the tail at 8 hours after operation to measure the content of nitric oxide (NO). The survival rates of the rat tails were 0 (0/14), 36.4% (8/22), 57.1% (8/14), 22.2% (4/18), and 75.0% (9/12) in groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively, showing significant overall differences among 5 groups (chi2 = 19.935, P = 0.001); the survival rate of group E was significantly higher than that of group B at 7 days (P 0.05). At preoperation, there was no significant difference in tail skin temperature difference among 5 groups (P > 0.05); at 8 hours, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days after operation, significant overall difference was found in the change of the skin temperature difference among groups (P

  19. Post-Flight Back Pain Following International Space Station Missions: Evaluation of Spaceflight Risk Factors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laughlin, M. S.; Murray, J. D.; Wear, M. L.; Van Baalen, M.

    2016-01-01

    INTRODUCTION Back pain during spaceflight has often been attributed to the lengthening of the spinal column due to the absence of gravity during both short and long-duration missions. Upon landing and re-adaptation to gravity, the spinal column reverts back to its original length thereby causing some individuals to experience pain and muscular spasms, while others experience no ill effects. With International Space Station (ISS) missions, cases of back pain and injury are more common post-flight, but little is known about the potential risk factors. Thus, the purpose of this project was to perform an initial evaluation of reported post-flight back pain and injury cases to relevant spaceflight risk factors in United States astronauts that have completed an ISS mission. METHODS All US astronauts who completed an ISS mission between Expeditions (EXP) 1 and 41 (2000-2015) were included in this evaluation. Forty-five astronauts (36 males and 9 females) completed 50 ISS missions during the study time period, as 5 astronauts completed 2 ISS missions. Researchers queried medical records of the 45 astronauts for occurrences of back pain and injury. A case was defined as any reported event of back pain or injury to the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, or coccyx spine regions. Data sources for the cases included the Flight Medicine Clinic's electronic medical record; Astronaut Strength, Conditioning and Rehabilitation electronic documentation; the Private Medical Conference tool; and the Space Medicine Operations Team records. Post-flight cases were classified as an early case if reported within 45 days of landing (R + 45) or a late case if reported from R + 46 to R + 365 days after landing (R + 1y). Risk factors in the astronaut population for back pain include age, sex, prior military service, and prior history of back pain. Additionally, spaceflight specific risk factors such as type of landing vehicle and onboard exercise countermeasures were included to evaluate their