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Sample records for co-ni colloids prepared

  1. Microstructure and magnetic properties of MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni, and Mn) ferrite nanocrystals prepared using colloid mill and hydrothermal method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Wei; Ding, Zui; Zhao, Xiruo; Wu, Sizhu; Li, Feng; Yue, Ming; Liu, J. Ping

    2015-05-01

    Three kinds of spinel ferrite nanocrystals, MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni, and Mn), are synthesized using colloid mill and hydrothermal method. During the synthesis process, a rapid mixing and reduction of cations with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) take place in a colloid mill then through a hydrothermal reaction, a slow oxidation and structural transformation of the spinel ferrite nanocrystals occur. The phase purity and crystal lattice parameters are estimated by X-ray diffraction studies. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show the morphology and particle size of the as-synthesized ferrite nanocrystals. Raman spectrum reveals active phonon modes at room temperature, and a shifting of the modes implies cation redistribution in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Magnetic measurements show that all the obtained samples exhibit higher saturation magnetization (Ms). Meanwhile, experiments demonstrate that the hydrothermal reaction time has significant effects on microstructure, morphologies, and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized ferrite nanocrystals.

  2. Electrochemical preparation and characteristics of Ni-Co-LaNi5 composite coatings as electrode materials for hydrogen evolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu Gang; Li Ning; Dai Changsong; Zhou Derui

    2004-01-01

    Electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction on Ni-Co-LaNi 5 composite electrodes prepared by electrochemical codeposition technique was evaluated. The relationship between the current density for hydrogen evolution reaction and the amount of LaNi 5 particles in Ni-Co baths is like the well-known 'volcano plot'. The Surface morphology and microstructure of Ni-Co-LaNi 5 coatings were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The kinetic parameters were determined from electrochemical steady-state Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology in 1 M NaOH solution. The values obtained for the apparent energies of activation are 32.48, 46.29 and 57.03 kJ mol -1 for the Ni-Co-LaNi 5 , Ni-Co and Ni electrodes, respectively. The hydrogen evolution reaction on Ni-Co-LaNi 5 proceeds via Volmer-Tafel reaction route with the mixed rate determining characteristics. The composite coating Ni-Co-LaNi 5 is catalytically more active than Ni and Ni-Co electrodes due to the increase in its real surface areas and the decrease in the apparent free energy of activation caused by the electrocatalytic synergistic effect of the Ni-Co alloys and the hydrogen storage intermetallic particles on the electrode surface

  3. NiCo-lead zirconium titanate-NiCo trilayered magnetoelectric composites prepared by electroless deposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou, M. H.; Wang, Y. G.; Bi, K.; Fan, H. P.; Zhao, Z. S.

    2015-01-01

    The NiCo layers with various Ni/Co atomic ratio have been successfully electroless deposited on PZT layers by varying the bath composition. As the cobalt atomic ratio in the deposited layer increases from 17.2 to 54.8 wt%, the magnetostrictive coefficient decreases. The magnetoelectric effect depends strongly on the magnetostrictive properties of magnetostrictive phase. The magnetoelectric coefficient of NiCo/PZT/NiCo trilayers increases with Ni/Co atomic ratio of the deposited NiCo layers increasing from 45:55 to 83:17. A maximum ME voltage coefficient of α E,31 = 2.8 V ⋅ cm −1 ⋅ Oe −1 is obtained at a frequency of about 88 kHz, which makes these trilayers suitable for applications in actuators, transducers and sensors

  4. NiCo-lead zirconium titanate-NiCo trilayered magnetoelectric composites prepared by electroless deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhou, M. H.; Wang, Y. G.; Bi, K., E-mail: bike@bupt.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876 (China); Fan, H. P. [School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Technological University Qindao College, Qingdao 266106 (China); Zhao, Z. S. [Shandong Engineering Consulting Institute, Jinan 250013 (China)

    2015-04-15

    The NiCo layers with various Ni/Co atomic ratio have been successfully electroless deposited on PZT layers by varying the bath composition. As the cobalt atomic ratio in the deposited layer increases from 17.2 to 54.8 wt%, the magnetostrictive coefficient decreases. The magnetoelectric effect depends strongly on the magnetostrictive properties of magnetostrictive phase. The magnetoelectric coefficient of NiCo/PZT/NiCo trilayers increases with Ni/Co atomic ratio of the deposited NiCo layers increasing from 45:55 to 83:17. A maximum ME voltage coefficient of α{sub E,31} = 2.8 V ⋅ cm{sup −1} ⋅ Oe{sup −1} is obtained at a frequency of about 88 kHz, which makes these trilayers suitable for applications in actuators, transducers and sensors.

  5. Electrochemical preparation and characteristics of Ni-Co-LaNi{sub 5} composite coatings as electrode materials for hydrogen evolution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu Gang; Li Ning; Dai Changsong; Zhou Derui

    2004-02-15

    Electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction on Ni-Co-LaNi{sub 5} composite electrodes prepared by electrochemical codeposition technique was evaluated. The relationship between the current density for hydrogen evolution reaction and the amount of LaNi{sub 5} particles in Ni-Co baths is like the well-known 'volcano plot'. The Surface morphology and microstructure of Ni-Co-LaNi{sub 5} coatings were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The kinetic parameters were determined from electrochemical steady-state Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology in 1 M NaOH solution. The values obtained for the apparent energies of activation are 32.48, 46.29 and 57.03 kJ mol{sup -1} for the Ni-Co-LaNi{sub 5}, Ni-Co and Ni electrodes, respectively. The hydrogen evolution reaction on Ni-Co-LaNi{sub 5} proceeds via Volmer-Tafel reaction route with the mixed rate determining characteristics. The composite coating Ni-Co-LaNi{sub 5} is catalytically more active than Ni and Ni-Co electrodes due to the increase in its real surface areas and the decrease in the apparent free energy of activation caused by the electrocatalytic synergistic effect of the Ni-Co alloys and the hydrogen storage intermetallic particles on the electrode surface.

  6. Microstructure and magnetic properties of MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M = Co, Ni, and Mn) ferrite nanocrystals prepared using colloid mill and hydrothermal method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Wei, E-mail: wangwei@mail.buct.edu.cn; Ding, Zui; Zhao, Xiruo [State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (China); Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (China); Wu, Sizhu [State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (China); Li, Feng [State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (China); Yue, Ming [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022 (China); Liu, J. Ping [Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019 (United States)

    2015-05-07

    Three kinds of spinel ferrite nanocrystals, MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M = Co, Ni, and Mn), are synthesized using colloid mill and hydrothermal method. During the synthesis process, a rapid mixing and reduction of cations with sodium borohydride (NaBH{sub 4}) take place in a colloid mill then through a hydrothermal reaction, a slow oxidation and structural transformation of the spinel ferrite nanocrystals occur. The phase purity and crystal lattice parameters are estimated by X-ray diffraction studies. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show the morphology and particle size of the as-synthesized ferrite nanocrystals. Raman spectrum reveals active phonon modes at room temperature, and a shifting of the modes implies cation redistribution in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Magnetic measurements show that all the obtained samples exhibit higher saturation magnetization (M{sub s}). Meanwhile, experiments demonstrate that the hydrothermal reaction time has significant effects on microstructure, morphologies, and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized ferrite nanocrystals.

  7. Characteristics of LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Ni0.2Co0.8, Ni0.8Co0.2) powders prepared from solution of their acetates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arof, A.K.

    2008-01-01

    Stoichiometric quantities of the acetates of lithium, cobalt and nickel were dissolved in distilled water and stirred with a magnetic stirrer. After complete dissolution was obtained, the solutions were heated at 120 deg. C under continuous stirring until some dark colored powder materials were formed. These precursor materials were divided into three batches and heated at 250 deg. C (for 24 h), 370 deg. C (for 24 h) and 800 deg. C for 10 h. The precursor and calcined samples were X-rayed. The X-ray diffractograms for the prepared samples were compared to that of commercialized samples and those published in the literature. The Bragg peak with Miller indices (0 0 3) in the diffractogram of the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 prepared sample showed a lower intensity compared to the (1 0 4) peak. The ratio of the (0 0 3) to (1 0 4) peaks for the LiNi 0.2 Co 0.8 O 2 sample is 1.56. Lattice parameters showed that the LiCoO 2 and LiNi 0.2 Co 0.8 O 2 samples produced by the method in the present investigation have potential to exhibit good electrochemical performance when used as electrodes in lithium ion batteries

  8. Magnetic properties of Co-Ni alloy nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sangregorio, C.; Fernandez, C. de Julian; Battaglin, G.; De, G.; Gatteschi, D.; Mattei, G.; Mazzoldi, P.

    2004-01-01

    The magnetic properties of Co, Ni and Co x Ni 1-x alloy nanoparticles with different composition (0 < x < 1), prepared by the sol-gel route, were investigated. ZFC and FC magnetization measurements show that the blocking temperature increases with the Co content, while a maximum in the anisotropy constant was found for x=0.7. Room temperature FMR measurements, suggest that in samples with larger Co content (x≥0.66) interparticle interactions play a relevant role in determining their magnetic properties

  9. Magnetic properties of Co-Ni alloy nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sangregorio, C. E-mail: claudio.sangregorio@unifi.it; Fernandez, C. de Julian; Battaglin, G.; De, G.; Gatteschi, D.; Mattei, G.; Mazzoldi, P

    2004-05-01

    The magnetic properties of Co, Ni and Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x} alloy nanoparticles with different composition (0 < x < 1), prepared by the sol-gel route, were investigated. ZFC and FC magnetization measurements show that the blocking temperature increases with the Co content, while a maximum in the anisotropy constant was found for x=0.7. Room temperature FMR measurements, suggest that in samples with larger Co content (x{>=}0.66) interparticle interactions play a relevant role in determining their magnetic properties.

  10. Effects of Glucopone 215 CSUP Concentration on Size and Magnetic Property of Co-Ni-Cu Nanoparticles Prepared by Electrodeposition Method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdul Razak Daud; Setia Budi; Shahidan Radiman

    2011-01-01

    Co-Ni-Cu nanoparticles were prepared by electrodeposition method at co-deposition potential of -925 mV (SCE) from sulphate solution (0.018 M Co 2+ + 0.180 M Ni 2+ + 0.002 M Cu 2+ ), both in the presence and in the absence of surfactant, Glucopone 215 CSUP. The effect of surfactant concentration on size and magnetic properties of Co-Ni-Cu nanoparticles produced was investigated. Surface morphology was analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) while its magnetic properties were investigated by a vibrating sampel magnetometer (VSM). Co-Ni-Cu nanoparticles prepared from the Glucopone 215 CSUP- containing solution were spherical with nanometer size. The finest particles were about 50 nm obtained when 5 v% of surfactant was used which was the highest surfactant concentration studied in this work. Coercivity (H c ) of the samples prepared from electrolytes containing surfactant was higher than those of prepared without surfactant. (author)

  11. Preparation and electromagnetic wave absorption of chain-like CoNi by a hydrothermal route

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao, Biao; Shao, Gang; Fan, Bingbing; Xie, Yajun; Zhang, Rui

    2014-01-01

    One-dimension CoNi chains with lengths of several to tens and diameter of 1-2 μm were synthesized through a tartrate assisted hydrothermal method at 140 °C for 15 h. The obtained CoNi chains were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The electromagnetic characteristics of CoNi chains were studied at 1–18 GHz. The maximum reflection loss (RL) can reach −34.33 dB at 17.5 GHz with a thickness of 1.0 mm. The value of reflection loss below −10 dB can be tuned in the 4.6–18 GHz by adjusting the absorber thickness of 1.0–3.0 mm. The excellent microwave absorption properties of the CoNi chains are ascribed to the good impedance matching, multiple polarization and unique chain-like shape. The experimental results showed that chain-like CoNi is a promising candidate as a low density, strong-absorption, wide-band and thin-thickness microwave absorber. - Highlights: • The CoNi chains were prepared through a tartrate-assisted hydrothermal method. • The CoNi chains are polyphasic with a mixture of fcc lattice and hcp lattice. • An optimal reflection loss value of −34.33 dB could be obtained at 17.5 GHz. • The RL below −10 dB is from 4.6 to 18.0 GHz with thickness of 1.0–3.0 mm. • The chain-like CoNi is a promising absorber with wide-band and thin-thickness

  12. Layered Ni(OH)2-Co(OH)2 films prepared by electrodeposition as charge storage electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nguyen, Tuyen; Boudard, Michel; Carmezim, M João; Montemor, M Fátima

    2017-01-04

    Consecutive layers of Ni(OH) 2 and Co(OH) 2 were electrodeposited on stainless steel current collectors for preparing charge storage electrodes of high specific capacity with potential application in hybrid supercapacitors. Different electrodes were prepared consisting on films of Ni(OH) 2 , Co(OH) 2 , Ni 1/2 Co 1/2 (OH) 2 and layered films of Ni(OH) 2 on Co(OH) 2 and Co(OH) 2 on Ni(OH) 2 to highlight the advantages of the new architecture. The microscopy studies revealed the formation of nanosheets in the Co(OH) 2 films and of particles agglomerates in the Ni(OH) 2 films. Important morphological changes were observed in the double hydroxides films and layered films. Film growth by electrodeposition was governed by instantaneous nucleation mechanism. The new architecture composed of Ni(OH) 2 on Co(OH) 2 displayed a redox response characterized by the presence of two peaks in the cyclic voltammograms, arising from redox reactions of the metallic species present in the layered film. These electrodes revealed a specific capacity of 762 C g -1 at the specific current of 1 A g -1 . The hybrid cell using Ni(OH) 2 on Co(OH) 2 as positive electrode and carbon nanofoam paper as negative electrode display specific energies of 101.3 W h g -1 and 37.8 W h g -1 at specific powers of 0.2 W g -1 and 2.45 W g -1 , respectively.

  13. Preparation of LiMO2(M=Co,Ni) cathode materials for intermediate temperature fuel cells by sol-gel processes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tao, S.W.; Wu, Q.Y.; Zhan, Z.L.

    1999-01-01

    LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni) was prepared by complexing sol-gel processes. The phase and thermal stability were characterized by XRD and TG analyses. LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 phases are formed around 400 degrees C and 700 degrees C respectively in our synthesis process. LiNiO2 exhibit higher electrical conductivity...

  14. Preparation of the electroplated Ni and Co films for applying betavoltaic battery and Moessbauer source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uhm, Young Rang; Choi, Sang Mu; Kim, Jin Joo; Kim, Jong Bum; Son, Kwang Jae; Hong, Jintae

    2016-01-01

    The reverse occurs at the anode where metallic nickel is dissolved to form divalent positively charged ions that enter the solution. The nickel ions discharged at the cathode are replenished by those formed at the anode. In this study, a Co-and Ni- plating solution is prepared using two different baths. One is the acid-based buffer (pH 3-4) containing boric acid, sodium chloride, and saccharin. The rest is the base-based buffer (pH 10) containing hydrazine hydrate and ammonium citrate. The optimization of the electroplating parameters for the deposition of Co on plate was considered as indispensable. A betavoltaic battery was fabricated using Ni-63 attached on a P-N junction semiconductor, and the I-V characteristics were measured using a probe station. The thickness-dependent self-shielding effect of the radioisotope layer was investigated. Also, the aim of this work was determination of the optimal parameters for thermal diffusion of the electroplated Co into the Rh structure. To establish preparation of betavoltaic battery, and Moessbauer source, natural Ni and Co were electroplated on the Rh plate. Both the acid-based buffer (pH 3) and the alkarine-based buffer (pH 10) are used for plating bath. The deposition yield of the alkarine electrolyte is relatively higher than those of the acidic bath. optimum conditions for the homogeneous diffusion is determined at annealing temperatures of 1100 .deg. C for 3h under the high vacuum atmosphere (10"-"5 hPa). The proposed condition in this study should be applied to prepare 57Co/Rh Moessbauer source at near future

  15. Preparation of the electroplated Ni and Co films for applying betavoltaic battery and Moessbauer source

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uhm, Young Rang; Choi, Sang Mu; Kim, Jin Joo; Kim, Jong Bum; Son, Kwang Jae; Hong, Jintae [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-10-15

    The reverse occurs at the anode where metallic nickel is dissolved to form divalent positively charged ions that enter the solution. The nickel ions discharged at the cathode are replenished by those formed at the anode. In this study, a Co-and Ni- plating solution is prepared using two different baths. One is the acid-based buffer (pH 3-4) containing boric acid, sodium chloride, and saccharin. The rest is the base-based buffer (pH 10) containing hydrazine hydrate and ammonium citrate. The optimization of the electroplating parameters for the deposition of Co on plate was considered as indispensable. A betavoltaic battery was fabricated using Ni-63 attached on a P-N junction semiconductor, and the I-V characteristics were measured using a probe station. The thickness-dependent self-shielding effect of the radioisotope layer was investigated. Also, the aim of this work was determination of the optimal parameters for thermal diffusion of the electroplated Co into the Rh structure. To establish preparation of betavoltaic battery, and Moessbauer source, natural Ni and Co were electroplated on the Rh plate. Both the acid-based buffer (pH 3) and the alkarine-based buffer (pH 10) are used for plating bath. The deposition yield of the alkarine electrolyte is relatively higher than those of the acidic bath. optimum conditions for the homogeneous diffusion is determined at annealing temperatures of 1100 .deg. C for 3h under the high vacuum atmosphere (10{sup -5} hPa). The proposed condition in this study should be applied to prepare 57Co/Rh Moessbauer source at near future.

  16. Influence of Ni/Co molar ratio on electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption performances for Ni/Co paraffin composites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yan, S.J., E-mail: shaojiuyan@126.com [Department of Structural Steel, Functional Materials and Heat Treatment Processing, AVIC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095 (China); Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Stealth Materials, Beijing 100095 (China); Dai, S.L. [The Office of AVIC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095 (China); Ding, H.Y.; Wang, Z.Y. [Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Stealth Materials, Beijing 100095 (China); Liu, D.B [Department of Structural Steel, Functional Materials and Heat Treatment Processing, AVIC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095 (China)

    2014-05-01

    Ni and Co metallic microparticles with submicron size were synthesized with a simple wet chemical reduction method at a relatively low temperature. Then their morphologies and structures were characterized by SEM and XRD. Ni metallic microparticles have spherical-shape morphology with fcc crystalline structure, however, Co has a distinct leaf-like morphology with the fcc and hcp mixed phases crystalline structures. For the characterization of their electromagnetic properties, paraffin matrix composites containing different molar ratio Ni and Co mixture powder as fillers were prepared. It was found that both the electromagnetic properties and electromagnetic microwave absorption performances of absorber layer were remarkably influenced by Ni/Co molar ratio. The electromagnetic microwave absorption performances were significantly improved by blending Ni and Co metallic microparticles into paraffin matrix with changing Ni/Co molar ratio, and enhanced mechanism were discussed. - Highlights: • Ni and Co microparticles were synthesized by a wet chemical reduction method. • EM properties of absorber were remarkably influenced by Ni/Co molar ratio. • EMA performances can be adjusted by artificially changing Co/Ni molar ratio. • Enhanced EMA performances result from multiple EM attenuation mechanisms.

  17. Preparation of Au/Y2O3 and Au/NiO catalysts by co-precipitation and their oxidation activities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sreethawong, Thammanoon; Sitthiwechvijit, Norsit; Rattanachatchai, Apiwat; Ouraipryvan, Piya; Schwank, Johannes W.; Chavadej, Sumaeth

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → The catalytic activity of Au catalysts supported on Y 2 O 3 and NiO prepared by co-precipitation was investigated for CO and methanol oxidation. → The phase transformation of yttrium support greatly affected the CO oxidation activity. → The Au/Y 2 O 3 exhibited the same activity as Au/NiO for the methanol oxidation while the Au/NiO gave higher activity for CO oxidation. - Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the catalytic activity of gold catalysts supported on two metal oxides, yttrium oxide and nickel oxide, prepared by co-precipitation for CO and methanol oxidation reactions. The TGA and XRD results confirmed that yttrium hydroxide (Y(OH) 3 ) was formed at calcination temperature below 300 deg. C. When it was calcined at 400 deg. C, the Y(OH) 3 was transformed to yttrium oxide hydroxide (YOOH). Finally, when calcination temperature was raised to 600 deg. C, the YOOH was completely transformed to yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ). Interestingly, the gold loaded on YOOH calcined at 400 deg. C and gold loaded on Y 2 O 3 calcined at 500 deg. C comparatively showed the highest catalytic activity for complete CO oxidation at a reaction temperature of 300 deg. C. The 0.12% Au/Y 2 O 3 catalyst calcined at 500 deg. C was employed for both CO and methanol oxidation studies. For complete CO oxidation, the reaction temperatures of Au/Y 2 O 3 and Au/NiO catalysts were 325 deg. C and 250 deg. C, respectively. The light-off temperatures of Au/Y 2 O 3 and Au/NiO catalysts for methanol oxidation were 210 deg. C and 205 deg. C, respectively. Conclusively, the Au/Y 2 O 3 clearly exhibited the same activity as that of Au/NiO for methanol oxidation while the Au/NiO gave higher activity for CO oxidation.

  18. Structural and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn and Ni-Zn-Co ferrites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Knyazev, A.V., E-mail: knyazevav@gmail.com [N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Gagarin Prospekt 23/2, 603950 Nizhni Novgorod (Russian Federation); Zakharchuk, I.; Lähderanta, E. [Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta (Finland); Baidakov, K.V.; Knyazeva, S.S. [N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Gagarin Prospekt 23/2, 603950 Nizhni Novgorod (Russian Federation); Ladenkov, I.V. [Joint-stock Company “Research and Production Company “Salut”, Nizhni Novgorod (Russian Federation)

    2017-08-01

    Highlights: • Ni-Zn and Ni-Zn-Co ferrite powders were prepared by the solid-state reaction at 1073 K. • The room temperature saturation magnetizations are 59.7 emu/g for Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and 57.1 emu/g for Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.3}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. • The coercivity of the samples is found to be much larger than that of bulk ferrites and increases with Co introduction. • The temperature dependences of magnetization exhibit large spin frustration and spin-glass-like behavior. - Abstract: Ni-Zn and Ni-Zn-Co ferrite powders with nominal compositions Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.3}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} were prepared by the solid-state reaction synthesis with periodic regrinding during the calcination at 1073 K. The structure of Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.3}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was refined assuming space group F d-3m. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the average sizes of the crystalline ferrite particles are 130–630 nm for Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and 140–350 nm for Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.3}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. The room temperature saturation magnetizations are 59.7 emu/g for Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and 57.1 emu/g for Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.3}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. The coercivity of the samples is found to be much larger than that of bulk ferrites and increases with Co introduction. The Curie temperature tends to increase upon Zn substitution by Co, as well. The temperature dependences of magnetization measured using zero-field cooled and field cooled protocols exhibit large spin frustration and spin-glass-like behavior.

  19. Three-dimensional electrode of Ni/Co layered double hydroxides@NiCo2S4@graphene@Ni foam for supercapacitors with outstanding electrochemical performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tao, Yan; Ruiyi, Li; Lin, Zhou; Chenyang, Ma; Zaijun, Li

    2015-01-01

    We reported a new strategy for fabricating three-dimensiona electrode of Ni/Co layered double hydroxide@NiCo 2 S 4 @graphene@Ni foam for supercapacitors. The resulting 3D electrode offers a jungle-like architecture. The unique structure creates ultra fast electron transfer and electrolyte transport as well as the maximum utilization rate of the space and the surface. The electrode exhibits a prominent advantage of high specific capacitance, high-current capacitive behaviour and cycle stability. - Highlights: • The study developed a new strategy for fabricating 3D electrode of Ni/Co-LDH@NiCo 2 S 4 @G. • The as-prepared 3D electrode offers a jungle-like architecture. • The unique structure creates an efficient conduction network and high mass loading. • The electrode achieves significantly synergetic effect among different materials. • The electrode exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. - ABSTRACT: Great challenge for the fabrication of free-standing three-dimensional electrode still remains to simultaneously achieve high specific capacitance, rate performance and cycle stability. The paper reprted a new three-dimensional (3D) electrode of Ni/Co layered double hydroxide@NiCo 2 S 4 @graphene@Ni foam (Ni/Co-LDH@NiCo 2 S 4 @G) for supercapacitors. The as-prepared 3D electrode offers an unique architecture, which create an efficient conduction network and maximum utilization of space and interface. The graphene acts as well-knit and conductive skin coated on the skeleton of Ni foam for growing NiCo 2 S 4 . The conductive NiCo 2 S 4 array serves as bridge between Ni/Co-LDH and graphene, leading to ultrafast electron transfer and electrolyte transport. A slew of splits and holes existing in the NiCo 2 S 4 array play one role as the ion-reservoir to contain host of electrolyte ions. To evaluate the feasibility of 3D electrode’s application in supercapacitors, the electrochemical performance was investigated by using the three

  20. Honeycomb-like NiCo2S4 nanosheets prepared by rapid electrodeposition as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yin, Jie; Wang, Yuqiao; Meng, Wenfei; Zhou, Tianyue; Li, Baosong; Wei, Tao; Sun, Yueming

    2017-08-01

    Honeycomb-like nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) nanosheets were directly deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate by a rapid voltammetric deposition method. The method was also controllable and feasible for preparing NiCo2S4 on flexible Ti foil without any heating processes. Compared with Pt, CoS and NiS, NiCo2S4 exhibited low charge-transfer resistances and excellent electrocatalytic activity for {{{{I}}}3}- reduction, acting as a counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell. The NiCo2S4-based solar cell showed higher power conversion efficiency (7.44%) than that of Pt-based solar cell (7.09%) under simulated illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm-2). The device based on the flexible NiCo2S4/Ti foil achieved a power conversion efficiency of 5.28% under the above illumination conditions. This work can be extended to flexible and wearable technologies due to its facile technique.

  1. Hyperfine Interactions and Some Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Co40Fe50Ni10 and Co50Fe45Ni5 Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Synthesis and Subsequently Heat Treated

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pikula, T.; Oleszak, D.; Pekala, M.

    2011-01-01

    Co 40 Fe 50 Ni 10 and Co 50 Fe 45 Ni 5 ternary alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying method. To check the stability of their structure thermal treatment was applied subsequently. As X-ray diffraction studies proved the final products of milling were the solid solutions with bcc lattice and the average grain sizes ranged of tens of nanometers. After heating of the Co 50 Fe 45 Ni 5 alloy up to 993 K the mixture of two solid solutions with bcc and fcc lattices was formed. In other cases thermal treatment did not change the type of the crystalline lattice. Moessbauer spectroscopy revealed hyperfine magnetic field distributions which reflected the different possible atomic surroundings of 57 Fe isotopes. Results of the macroscopic magnetic measurements proved that both investigated alloys had relatively good soft magnetic properties. (authors)

  2. Preparation, ferromagnetic and photocatalytic performance of NiO and hollow Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} fibers through centrifugal-spinning technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feng, Cong; Lin, Xuejun; Wang, Xinqiang, E-mail: xqwang@sdu.edu.cn; Liu, Hongjing; Liu, Benxue; Zhu, Luyi; Zhang, Guanghui; Xu, Dong

    2016-02-15

    Highlights: • NiO and hollow Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} fibers with the diameter of about 10 μm were prepared through centrifugal-spinning technique. • The evolution mechanism from precursor to crystalline fibers was explored. • Both NiO and hollow Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} fibers show ferromagnetism. • The NiO fibers exhibit good photocatalytic performance. - Abstract: Both NiO and hollow Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} fibers with the diameter of about 10 μm have been successfully prepared through spinning high viscous sols into precursor fibers and followed calcination process. The evolution process from precursor to crystalline fibers and the microstructures of the obtained fibers were characterized by TG-DSC, FT-IR, XRD, HRTEM, SEM and the like. The method is facile and cost-effective for mass production of fibers and the obtained fibers are pure phase with high crystallinity. Their magnetic properties were investigated, showing that both the fibers are ferromagnetic. Meanwhile, the NiO fibers exhibit good photocatalytic performance for the removal of Congo red from water under UV light irradiation.

  3. Hierarchical NiCo2 O4 nanosheets grown on Ni nanofoam as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Guoxin; Wu, Hao Bin; Ding, Shujiang; Liu, Li-Min; Lou, Xiong Wen David

    2015-02-18

    A high-performance electrode for supercapacitors is designed and synthesized by growing electroactive NiCo2 O4 nanosheets on conductive Ni nanofoam. Because of the structural advantages, the as-prepared Ni@NiCo2 O4 hybrid nanostructure exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performance with high capacitance, excellent rate capability, and good cycling stability. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  4. ILC (ionic liquid colloids) based on p(4-VP) (poly(4-vinyl pyridine)) microgels: Synthesis, characterization and use in hydrogen production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sahiner, Nurettin; Turhan, Tugce; Lyon, L. Andrew

    2014-01-01

    In this study for the first time p(4-VP) (poly(4-vinyl pyridine)) colloidal ionic liquid particles derived from 4-VP (4-vinyl pyridine) are reported, used in the preparation of a catalyst system by loading metal salts such as CoCl 2 and NiCl 2 from ethyl alcohol solutions into the modified p(4-VP) particles, and used for hydrogen generation from NaOH-free hydrolysis of NaBH 4 . Colloidal ionic liquids containing 0.054 mmol Co and Ni were used in NaOH-free hydrolysis of 0.30 g NaBH 4 in 50 mL water at 40 °C and 1000 rpm mixing rate. The reaction rates relating to hydrolysis of NaBH 4 were 3148 (mL H 2 ) (min) −1 (g of Co) −1 for Co, and 1803 (mL H 2 ) (min) −1 (g of Ni) −1 for Ni. The effect of metal loading time, NaBH 4 concentration, temperature, and kinetic parameters were also investigated. The activation energy, enthalpy, and activation entropy for the reaction of NaBH 4 in the presence of the colloidal dicationic catalyst system were calculated as 43.98 kJ/mol, 40.38 kJ/mol, and −178.22 J/mol.K, respectively. - Highlights: • Microgel Ionic liquid colloid reactors for H 2 production. • P(4-VP) microgel ILC (ionic liquid colloid). • Modified microgel for green energy. • Ionic liquid microgel embedding metals salts NaBH 4 hydrolysis. • Ionic liquid microgel catalyst systems

  5. Rapid synthesis of Co, Ni co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Optical and electrochemical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Romeiro, Fernanda C.; Marinho, Juliane Z.; Lemos, Samantha C.S. [Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG (Brazil); Moura, Ana P. de [LIEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP (Brazil); Freire, Poliana G. [Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG (Brazil); Silva, Luis F. da; Longo, Elson [LIEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP (Brazil); Munoz, Rodrigo A.A. [Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG (Brazil); Lima, Renata C., E-mail: rclima@iqufu.ufu.br [Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG (Brazil)

    2015-10-15

    We report for the first time a rapid preparation of Zn{sub 1−2x}Co{sub x}Ni{sub x}O nanoparticles via a versatile and environmentally friendly route, microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method. The Co, Ni co-doped ZnO nanoparticles present an effect on photoluminescence and electrochemical properties, exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic performance compared to undoped ZnO sample. Photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements indicated the reduction of the green–orange–red visible emission region after adding Co and Ni ions, revealing the formation of alternative pathways for the generated recombination. The presence of these metallic ions into ZnO creates different defects, contributing to a local structural disorder, as revealed by Raman spectra. Electrochemical experiments revealed that the electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine on ZnO attached to multi-walled carbon nanotubes improved significantly in the Co, Ni co-doped ZnO samples when compared to pure ZnO. - Graphical abstract: Rapid synthesis of Co, Ni co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: optical and electrochemical properties. Co, Ni co-doped ZnO hexagonal nanoparticles with optical and electrocatalytic properties were successfully prepared for the first time using a microwave hydrothermal method at mild conditions. - Highlights: • Co{sup 2+} and Ni{sup 2+} into ZnO lattice obtained a mild and environmentally friendly process. • The heating method strongly influences in the growth and shape of the particles. • Short-range defects generated by the ions insertion affects the photoluminescence. • Doped ZnO nanoparticles improve the electrocatalytic properties of pure oxide.

  6. Preparation of radioactive colloidal gold 198Au

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cammarosano, S.A.

    1979-01-01

    The preparation with simple equipment of radioactive colloidal gold of particle size about approximately 300 A from seed colloid stabilized by gelatine is described. Some physico-chemical parameters which can affect the process of formation of these colloidal particles are analysed; particle size has been meassured with an electron microscope. The colloid stability has been studied as a function of dilution, age and pH. Nucleation and growth of radioactive colloidal gold have been studied using spectrophotometry. Absorption spectra of the two ones are presented and compared. Quality control of the production process is verified through measurement of parameters, such as radioactive and radiochemical purity and biological distribution in laboratorial animals. This distribution was evalusted for rats injected endovenously with the gold colloidal solution.(Author) [pt

  7. The use of synthetic Zn-/Ni-labeled montmorillonite colloids as a natural bentonite marker

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huber, F.; Heck, S.; Hoess, P.; Bouby, M.; Schaefer, T.; Truche, L.; Brendle, J.

    2012-01-01

    Document available in extended abstract form only. Quantification of bentonite erosion rates/colloid release rates and the colloid attachment under unfavourable conditions for clay colloids is frequently based on the detection of the alumino-silicate building blocks and accompanied by relative high analytical uncertainties due to the presence of high background concentrations in the groundwater. In situ experiments planned at the Grimsel Test Site (CH) in the frame of the Colloid Formation and Migration (CFM) project foresee the emplacement of a compacted bentonite source and determination of the bentonite erosion rate under near-natural flow conditions. To univocally differentiate between the natural background colloid concentration and the eroded bentonite an irreversible labeling of the bentonite colloid source placed in a granite fracture would greatly improve their detection and reduce the analytical uncertainty. It is thought to use an admixture to label the natural bentonite. Therefore, the characteristics as erosion behavior, colloid stability and radionuclide sorption/reversibility behavior have to be studied and compared. Here, we focus on the radionuclide sorption reversibility. Synthetic montmorillonite containing structurally bound Zn and Ni in its octahedral layer was used within this study. Actually, Zn and Ni are good candidates to determine more accurately the colloid concentration as the ICP-MS sensitivity is at least one order of magnitude higher and the Zn and Ni background concentrations found in natural ground waters (e.g. Grimsel ground water, GGW) are very low. In the present study, the colloids are first separated and characterized by AsFlFFF-ICP-MS. Then, they are used to perform radionuclide reversibility kinetic experiments similar to those already published under anoxic conditions and room temperature. The aim is to compare the results obtained with those already available on natural FEBEX bentonite derived colloids. The size

  8. Synthesis of FeCoNi nanoparticles by galvanostatic technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Budi, Setia; Hafizah, Masayu Elita; Manaf, Azwar

    2016-01-01

    Soft magnetic nanoparticles of FeCoNi have been becoming interesting objects for many researchers due to its potential application in electronic devices. One of the most promising methods for material preparation is the electrodeposition which capable of growing nanoparticles alloy directly onto the substrate. In this paper, we report our electrodeposition studies on nanoparticles synthesis using galvanostatic electrodeposition technique. Chemical composition of the synthesized FeCoNi was successfully controlled through the adjustment of the applied currents. It is revealed that the content of each element, obtained from quantitative analysis using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), could be modified by the adjustment of current in which Fe and Co content decreased at larger applied currents, while Ni content increased. The nanoparticles of Co-rich FeCoNi and Ni-rich FeCoNi were obtained from sulphate electrolyte at the range of applied current investigated in this work. Broad diffracted peaks in the X-ray diffractograms indicated typical nanostructures of the solid solution of FeCoNi.

  9. Synthesis of FeCoNi nanoparticles by galvanostatic technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Budi, Setia, E-mail: setiabudi@unj.ac.id [Potgraduate Program of Materials Science Study, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424 (Indonesia); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Pemuda No.10, Rawamangun, Jakarta 13220 (Indonesia); Hafizah, Masayu Elita; Manaf, Azwar, E-mail: azwar@ui.ac.id [Potgraduate Program of Materials Science Study, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424 (Indonesia)

    2016-06-17

    Soft magnetic nanoparticles of FeCoNi have been becoming interesting objects for many researchers due to its potential application in electronic devices. One of the most promising methods for material preparation is the electrodeposition which capable of growing nanoparticles alloy directly onto the substrate. In this paper, we report our electrodeposition studies on nanoparticles synthesis using galvanostatic electrodeposition technique. Chemical composition of the synthesized FeCoNi was successfully controlled through the adjustment of the applied currents. It is revealed that the content of each element, obtained from quantitative analysis using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), could be modified by the adjustment of current in which Fe and Co content decreased at larger applied currents, while Ni content increased. The nanoparticles of Co-rich FeCoNi and Ni-rich FeCoNi were obtained from sulphate electrolyte at the range of applied current investigated in this work. Broad diffracted peaks in the X-ray diffractograms indicated typical nanostructures of the solid solution of FeCoNi.

  10. Formation and Yield of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized via Chemical Vapour Deposition Routes Using Different Metal-Based Catalysts of FeCoNiAl, CoNiAl and FeNiAl-LDH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohd Zobir Hussein

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs were prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD using a series of different catalysts, derived from FeCoNiAl, CoNiAl and FeNiAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs. Catalyst-active particles were obtained by calcination of LDHs at 800 °C for 5 h. Nitrogen and hexane were used as the carrier gas and carbon source respectively, for preparation of MWCNTs using CVD methods at 800 °C. MWCNTs were allowed to grow for 30 min on the catalyst spread on an alumina boat in a quartz tube. The materials were subsequently characterized through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was determined that size and yield of MWCNTs varied depending on the type of LDH catalyst precursor that is used during synthesis. MWCNTs obtained using CoNiAl-LDH as the catalyst precursor showed smaller diameter and higher yield compared to FeCoNiAl and FeNiAl LDHs.

  11. Synthesis and electrochemical behavior of nanostructured cauliflower-shape Co-Ni/Co-Ni oxides composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gupta, Vinay; Kawaguchi, Toshikazu; Miura, Norio

    2009-01-01

    Nanostructured Co-Ni/Co-Ni oxides were electrochemically deposited onto stainless steel electrode by electrochemical method and characterized for their structural and supercapacitive properties. The SEM images indicated that the obtained Co-Ni/Co-Ni oxides had cauliflower-type nanostructure. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the formation of Co 3 O 4 , NiO, Co and Ni. The EDX elemental mapping images indicated that Ni, Co and O are distributed uniformly. The deposited Co-Ni/Co-Ni oxides showed good supercapacitive characteristics with a specific capacitance of 331 F/g at 1 mA/cm 2 current density in 1 M KOH electrolyte. A mechanism of the formation of cauliflower-shape Co-Ni/Co-Ni oxides was proposed. A variety of promising applications in the fields such as energy storage devices and sensors can be envisioned from Co-Ni/Co-Ni oxides

  12. Preparation and electrochemical properties of mesoporous NiCo2O4 double-hemisphere used as anode for lithium-ion battery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Yue; Huang, Guo Yong; Sun, Hongyu; Ahmad, Mashkoor; Mou, Qinyao; Zhang, Hongmei

    2018-06-19

    NiCo 2 O 4 is a potential anode material for lithium ion battery due to its many advantages, such as high theoretical capacitance, low cost, and good electrochemical activity. In this study, mesoporous NiCo 2 O 4 double-hemisphere (3-5 μm) with high surface area (270.68 m 2 ·g -1 ) and excellent electrochemical performances has been synthesized through a facile precipitation method followed with thermal treatment process. The prepared NiCo 2 O 4 is pure phase and can be indexed as a face-centered-cubic with a typical spinel structure. Electrochemical tests show the prepared material has high specific capacities (910 mAh·g -1 at 100 mA·g -1 ), excellent cyclicity (908  mAh·g -1 at 100 mA·g -1 after 60 cycles) and remarkable high rate performance (after 100 cycles, 585 mAh·g -1 at 400 mAh·g -1 , 415 mAh·g -1 at 800 mAh·g -1 and 320 mAh·g -1 at 1600 mAh·g -1 with coulombic efficiencies of almost 100%). The excellent performances of prepared NiCo 2 O 4 are mainly caused by the unique double-hemisphere structure, which has large surface area, gives material more opportunity to contact with electrolyte and facilitates lithium ion spreading into the material along the radical direction, resulting in a promising application for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Controllable Hydrothermal Conversion from Ni-Co-Mn Carbonate Nanoparticles to Microspheres

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanqing Tang

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Starting from Ni-Co-Mn carbonate nanoparticles prepared by microreaction technology, uniform spherical particles of Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3 with a size of 3–4 μm were obtained by a controllable hydrothermal conversion with the addition of (NH42CO3. Based on characterizations on the evolution of morphology and composition with hydrothermal treatment time, we clarified the mechanism of this novel method as a dissolution-recrystallization process, as well as the effects of (NH42CO3 concentration on the morphology and composition of particles. By changing concentrations and the ratio of the starting materials for nano-precipitation preparation, we achieved monotonic regulation on the size of the spherical particles, and the synthesis of Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4CO3 and Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3CO3, respectively. In addition, the spherical particles with a core-shell structure were preliminarily verified to be available by introducing nano-precipitates with different compositions in the hydrothermal treatment in sequence.

  14. Facile preparation of 3D hierarchical coaxial-cable-like Ni-CNTs@beta-(Ni, Co) binary hydroxides for supercapacitors with ultrahigh specific capacitance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Manyu; Ma, Xiaowei; Bi, Han; Zhao, Xuebing; Wang, Chao; Zhang, Jie; Li, Yuesheng; Che, Renchao

    2017-09-15

    A facile chemical method for Co doping Ni-CNTs@α-Ni(OH) 2 combining with an in situ phase transformation process is successfully proposed and employed to synthesize three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Ni-CNTs@β-(Ni, Co) binary hydroxides. This strategy can effectively maintain the coaxial-cable-like structure of Ni-CNTs@α-Ni(OH) 2 and meanwhile increase the content of Co as much as possible. Eventually, the specific capacitances and electrical conductivity of the composites are remarkably enhanced. The optimized composite exhibits high specific capacitances of 2861.8F g -1 at 1A g -1 (39.48F cm -2 at 15mAcm -2 ), good rate capabilities of 1221.8F g -1 at 20A g -1 and cycling stabilities (87.6% of capacitance retention after 5000cycles at 5A g -1 ). The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) constructed with the as-synthesized composite and activated carbon as positive and negative electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 287.7F g -1 at 1A g -1 . The device demonstrates remarkable energy density (96Whkg -1 ) and high power density (15829.4Wkg -1 ). The retention of capacitance remains 83.5% at the current density of 5A g -1 after 5000cycles. The charged and discharged samples are further studied by ex situ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis, XRD and SEM to figure out the reasons of capacitance fading. Overall, it is believable that this facile synthetic strategy can be applied to prepare various nanostructured metal hydroxide/CNT composites for high performance supercapacitor electrode materials. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  15. Magnetic Properties and Structural Study of Ni-Co/Cu Multilayers Prepared by Electrodeposition Method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Jafari Fesharaki

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Ni-Co/Cu multilayers have been grown by electrodeposition method from a single electrolyte (based on Ni(SO4.6H2O, Co(SO4.7H2O, Cu(SO4 and H3BO3 using galvanostatic control on titanium sublayers. The X-ray diffraction (XRD patterns confirmed the multilayered structure with the nanometer thicknesses. Also, electron diffraction x-ray (EDX  analysis confirmed the purity of deposited samples. The morphology of the samples was estimated by scanning electron microscope (SEM. Magnetoresistance (MR measurements were carried out at room temperature for the Ni-Co/Cu multilayers by measuring the resistivity in a magnetic fields varying between ±6kOe as a function of the Ni-Co and Cu layer thicknesses; (1 dCu(nm 4 and 3 dNi-Cu(nm 5. The Maximum value of giant magnetoresistance (GMR was obtained when the Ni-Co and Cu thicknesses were 4.0nm and 4.0nm respectively. The hysteresis loop of the samples at room temperature was studied using an alternating gradient force magnetometer (AGFM. Finally, the temperature dependence of magnetization for Ni-Co/Cu multilayers; (dNi-Cu(4nm/dCu(2nm and dNi-Cu(3nm/dCu(3nm measured by Faraday balance and decreasing the magnetization with increasing the temperature discussed according to electron scattering due to spin fluctuation.

  16. Nanocrystalline Ni-Co Alloy Synthesis by High Speed Electrodeposition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jamaliah Idris

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Electrodeposition of nanocrystals is economically and technologically viable production path for the synthesis of pure metals and alloys both in coatings and bulk form. The study presents nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloy synthesis by high speed electrodeposition. Nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloys coatings were prepared by direct current (DC and deposited directly on steel and aluminum substrates without any pretreatment, using high speed electrodeposition method. The influence of the electrolysis parameters, such as cathodic current density and temperature at constant pH, on electrodeposition and microstructure of Ni-Co alloys were examined. A homogeneous surface morphology was obtained at all current densities of the plated samples, and it was evident that the current density and temperature affect the coating thickness of Ni-Co alloy coatings.

  17. Magneto-plasmonic study of aligned Ni, Co and Ni/Co multilayer in polydimethylsiloxane as magnetic field sensor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hamidi, Seyedeh Mehri, E-mail: M_hamidi@sbu.ac.ir [Magneto-plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mosaeii, Babak; Afsharnia, Mina [Magneto-plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Aftabi, Ali [Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Najafi, Mojgan [Department of Materials Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2016-11-01

    We report the magneto-optical properties of aligned cobalt, Nickel and nickel/ Cobalt multilayer nanowires embedded in polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The NWs prepared by electrodeposition method in anodic alumina template and then dispersed in ethanol and placed in a heater to evaporate the ethanol and finally dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane matrix to reach to the composite. The used external magnetic field arranges the nanowires and our aligned nanowires were investigated by magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance techniques in two easy and hard axis configurations. Our results show the sufficient sensitivity in magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance of Nickel and cobalt arrays nanowires and because the different modulation mechanism in Ni and Co nanodisks, in Ni/Co multilayer we see the magnetization modulation of the excitation angle in accordance with magnetic field modulation of the SPP wave vector in each nanodisk. Finally, we show that the Ni/Co multilayer aligned nanowires can be used as efficient magnetic field sensor. - Highlights: • The magneto-optical properties of aligned multilayer nanowires has been investigated. • We see the sufficient sensitivity in magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance of Ni and Co nanowires. • The magnetic modulation mechanism in Ni/Co multilayer has been changed by angular modulation. • The magnetization modulation of the excitation angle accompanying the SPP wave vector modulation takes place in each nanodisk of multilayer.

  18. Fe-based soft magnetic composites coated with NiZn ferrite prepared by a co-precipitation method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Peng, Yuandong; Yi, Yi; Li, Liya; Ai, Hengyu; Wang, Xiaoxu [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Chen, Lulu [Jiangsu Eagle-globe Group Co., Ltd., Nantong 226600 (China)

    2017-04-15

    Fe powder was coated with NiZn ferrite by a co-precipitation method using chlorate as the raw material. Soft magnetic composites were manufactured via compaction and heat treatment of the coated powder. The coated powder and heat treated powder were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Their magnetic properties were determined using a Quantum Design-Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (QD-VSM). The composites were analysed with SEM and EDS. The permeability and magnetic loss of the composites were measured with a B-H curve analyzer. The results show that, using the co-precipitation method, the raw precipitate was successfully prepared and coated the pure Fe powder and turned into spinel NiZn ferrite treated at 600 ℃ for 1 h. After heat treatment at 500 ℃ under air, the insulation coating layer of soft magnetic composite (SMC) was not destroyed and containing Fe, Ni, Zn and oxygen. The permeabilities of the SMC are stable at edge of the 2–200 kHz frequency range and the total loss was lower. - Graphical abstract: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of Fe/(NiZn)Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composite powder heated at 600 ℃ for 1 h. - Highlights: • Fe particles were coated with (NiZn)Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} via a co-precipitation and calcined method. • Coating layers were uniform and dense. • The permeabilities of the SMC are stable at edge of the 2–200 kHz frequency range.

  19. Synthesis of NiPS3 and CoPS and its hydrogen storage capacity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ismail, N.; Madian, M.; El-Meligi, A.A.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Preparation of NiPS 3 and CoPS using solid state reaction. • Characterization of compounds using XRD, TEM, SEM and IR. • Measuring the compounds thermal stability. • Estimation of the hydrogen storage capacity. -- Abstract: Prepared CoPS and NiPS 3 are studied as new materials for hydrogen energy storage. Single phase of CoPS and NiPS 3 were grown separately in evacuated silicatube via solid state reaction at 650 °C with controlled heating rate 1 °C/min. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the formation of the desired compounds. Both CoPS and NiPS 3 exhibited high thermal stability up to 700 °C and 630 °C, respectively. The morphology of the prepared samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and folded sheets appeared in the transmission electron microscopy. The samples were exposed to 20 bar applied hydrogen pressure at 80 K. Both compounds appear to have feasible hydrogen storage capacity. CoPS was capable to adsorb 1.7 wt% while NiPS 3 storage capacity reached 1.2 wt%

  20. Preparation of colloidal gold for staining proteins electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose membranes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamaguchi, K; Asakawa, H

    1988-07-01

    This paper describes a simple method of preparing colloidal gold for staining protein blots. Colloidal gold was prepared from 0.005 or 0.01% HAuCl4 by the addition of formalin as a reductant and potassium hydroxide. Staining of small cell carcinoma tissue extract blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes with this colloidal gold solution resulted in the appearance of a large number of clear wine-red bands. The sensitivity of gold staining was 60 times higher than that of Coomassie brilliant blue staining and almost comparable to that of silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gel. The sensitivity of this method was also satisfactory in comparison with that of enzyme immunoblotting. The colloidal gold prepared by this method is usable for routine work.

  1. Preparation and characterization of self-assembled layer by layer NiCo2O4–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with improved electrocatalytic properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Srivastava, Manish; Elias Uddin, Md.; Singh, Jay; Kim, Nam Hoon; Lee, Joong Hee

    2014-01-01

    Graphical abstract: NiCo 2 O 4 were grown on RGO by in situ synthesis process. FE-SEM investigation revealed self assembled layer by layer growth of NiCo 2 O 4 –RGO nanocomposite. NiCo 2 O 4 –RGO nanocomposite exhibited synergetic effect of NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles and RGO on its electrochemical performance. -- Highlights: • NiCo 2 O 4 were grown on RGO by in-situ synthesis process. • FE-SEM image revealed self-assembled layer by layer growth of NiCo 2 O 4 -RGO nanocomposite. • NiCo 2 O 4 -RGO nanocomposite exhibited synergetic effects on its electrochemical performance. -- Abstract: NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are prepared by simultaneously reducing graphene oxide (GO), nickel and cobalt nitrate via a hydrothermal method assisted by post annealing at low temperature. The method involves formation of hydroxides on GO using ammonia under hydrothermal conditions. Subsequent thermal treatment at 300 °C led to the conversion of hydroxides into single-phase NiCo 2 O 4 atop the RGO. The synthesized products are characterized through several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FE-SEM investigations reveal the growth of a layer by layer assembly of NiCo 2 O 4 –RGO (2:1) nanocomposite, where the NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles are tightly packed between the layers of RGO. Further, the catalytic properties of the NiCo 2 O 4 –RGO nanocomposite are investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. It is observed that the special structural features of the NiCo 2 O 4 –RGO (2:1) nanocomposite, including layer by layer assembly, integrity and excellent dispersion of the NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles atop the RGO, produced

  2. Full synergistic effect of hydrothermal NiCo2O4 nanosheets/CuCo2O4 nanocones supported on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wen, Shiyang; Liu, Yu; Bai, Hongye; Shao, Rong; Xu, Wei; Shi, Weidong

    2018-06-01

    In this work, a series of NiCo2O4/CuCo2O4 composites were prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method. The optimized NiCo2O4/CuCo2O4 electrode shows more than 5 times area capacitance (4.97 F cm-2) than pure NiCo2O4 at the current density of 1 mA cm-2. The best performance of sample assembled an asymmetric supercapacitor could reach up to 42 F g-1 at the current density of 1 A g-1. In addition, the maximum energy density of 15 W h kg-1 was achieved with the power density of 814 W kg-1. The as-prepared active electrode material also reveals excellent cycling stability with 90.6% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. These results indicate potential application in developing energy storage devices with high energy density power density.

  3. Effect of separated layer thickness on magnetoresistance and magnetic properties of Co/Dy/Co and Ni/Dy/Ni film systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shabelnyk, T. M.; Shutylieva, O. V.; Vorobiov, S. I.; Pazukha, I. M.; Chornous, A. M.

    2018-01-01

    Co(5 nm)/Dy(tDy)/Co(20 nm)/S and Ni(5 nm)/Dy(tDy)/Ni(20 nm)/S trilayer films are prepared by electron-beam sputtering to investigate the influence of dysprosium layer thickness (tDy) and thermal annealing on the crystal structure, magnetoresistance (MR) and magnetic properties of thin films. The thickness of Dy layer changed in the range from 1 nm to 20 nm. The samples annealed for 20 min at 700 K. Electron diffraction patterns reveal that the as-deposited and annealed systems Co/Dy/Co and Ni/Dy/Ni had fcc-Co + hcp-Dy and fcc-Ni + hcp-Dy phase state, respectively. It is also shown that at the tDy = 15 nm the transition from amorphous to crystalline structures of Dy layer is observed. An increase in the Dy layer thickness results in changes in the MR and magnetic properties of the trilayer systems. It is shown that MR is most thermally stable against annealing to 700 K at tDy = 15 nm for Co/Dy/Co as well as for Ni/Dy/Ni. For tDy = 15 nm the, value of MR for both system increases by two times compared to those of pure ferromagnetic (FM) samples. The coercivity (Bc), remanent (Mr) and saturation (Ms) magnetization of the in-plain magnetization hysteresis loops are related to the Dy layer thickness too. The coercivity depends on the FM materials type and diffusion processes at the layer boundary. Accordingly, Mr and Ms are reduced with tDy increasing before and after annealing for both trilayer systems.

  4. Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared in ammonium-chloride-based plating baths

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yanai, T.; Koda, K.; Kaji, J.; Aramaki, H.; Eguchi, K.; Takashima, K.; Nakano, M.; Fukunaga, H.

    2018-05-01

    We electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films in ammonium-chloride-based plating baths, and investigated the effect of the Co content on the magnetic properties and the structural ones of the as-plated films. The coercivity increased abruptly when the Co content become more than 60 at.%. As the rough surfaces were observed in the high Co content region, we considered that degradation of the surface is a factor of the abrupt increase in the coercivity. From the XRD analysis, we found that another factor of the abrupt increase is fcc-bcc phase transformation, and concluded that we need to keep the fcc structure to obtain Fe-Co-Ni films with low coercivity.

  5. Experimental evidence of colloids and nanoparticles presence from 25 waste leachates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hennebert, Pierre, E-mail: pierre.hennebert@ineris.fr [INERIS – Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Domaine du Petit Arbois BP33, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence (France); Avellan, Astrid; Yan, Junfang [INERIS – Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Domaine du Petit Arbois BP33, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence (France); Aguerre-Chariol, Olivier [INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP No. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte (France)

    2013-09-15

    Highlights: • This work is the first assessment of colloids in waste leachates. • Analytical methods are proposed and discussed. • All the waste have at least one element in colloidal form, and some elements are always colloidal. • Man-made nanoparticles are observed. • It can change the interpretation of leachate elemental concentration. - Abstract: The potential colloids release from a large panel of 25 solid industrial and municipal waste leachates, contaminated soil, contaminated sediments and landfill leachates was studied. Standardized leaching, cascade filtrations and measurement of element concentrations in the microfiltrate (MF) and ultrafiltrate (UF) fraction were used to easily detect colloids potentially released by waste. Precautions against CO{sub 2} capture by alkaline leachates, or bacterial re-growth in leachates from wastes containing organic matter should be taken. Most of the colloidal particles were visible by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectrometry (TEM–EDS) if their elemental MF concentration is greater than 200 μg l{sup −1}. If the samples are dried during the preparation for microscopy, neoformation of particles can occur from the soluble part of the element. Size distribution analysis measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) were frequently unvalid, particularly due to polydispersity and/or too low concentrations in the leachates. A low sensitivity device is required, and further improvement is desirable in that field. For some waste leachates, particles had a zeta potential strong enough to remain in suspension. Mn, As, Co, Pb, Sn, Zn had always a colloidal form (MF concentration/UF concentration > 1.5) and total organic carbon (TOC), Fe, P, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni are partly colloidal for more than half of the samples). Nearly all the micro-pollutants (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, V and Zn) were found at least once in colloidal form greater than 100 μg l{sup −1}. In particular

  6. Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of NiCoP alloy nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ye, Weichun; Fu, Jiajia; Wang, Qin; Wang, Chunming; Xue, Desheng

    2015-01-01

    NiCoP alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (NiCoP/RGO) are synthesized by in situ co-reduction of Ni 2+ , Co 2+ and graphene oxide (GO) with sodium hypophosphite in a one-pot reaction. This synthesis route is simple and can be used for industrial preparation. The different molar ratios of Ni/Co can be obtained by changing the molar ratio of their salts in the reaction bath. The effect of annealing temperature on the crystal structure of NiCoP alloys has been further investigated. After 500 °C annealing, NiCoP alloys exhibit good crystallinity. The as-prepared NiCoP/RGO composites demonstrate high dielectric constant and magnetic loss in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz due to the conductive and ferromagnetic behavior. Also, their coercivity and magnetization strength are decreased from magnetic measurement with the increase of Ni content. As the molar ratio of Ni/Co is 3:1, the maximum value of the reflection loss reaches to −17.84 dB. Furthermore, the NiCoP/RGO composites have better corrosion resistance than traditional iron series magnetic nanoparticles. It is expected that the composites with the thin, light-weighted and broadband absorbing and good anti-corrosion properties will have a great potential for electromagnetic wave absorption applications. - Highlights: • NiCoP alloys supported on graphene were prepared via a co-reduction method. • The nanocomposites exhibited strong microwave wave absorption properties. • The microwave absorption properties enhanced with the increase of Ni content. • The nanocomposites showed good anti-corrosion property

  7. Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of NiCoP alloy nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ye, Weichun, E-mail: yewch@lzu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Fu, Jiajia; Wang, Qin; Wang, Chunming [Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Xue, Desheng, E-mail: xueds@lzu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China)

    2015-12-01

    NiCoP alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (NiCoP/RGO) are synthesized by in situ co-reduction of Ni{sup 2+}, Co{sup 2+} and graphene oxide (GO) with sodium hypophosphite in a one-pot reaction. This synthesis route is simple and can be used for industrial preparation. The different molar ratios of Ni/Co can be obtained by changing the molar ratio of their salts in the reaction bath. The effect of annealing temperature on the crystal structure of NiCoP alloys has been further investigated. After 500 °C annealing, NiCoP alloys exhibit good crystallinity. The as-prepared NiCoP/RGO composites demonstrate high dielectric constant and magnetic loss in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz due to the conductive and ferromagnetic behavior. Also, their coercivity and magnetization strength are decreased from magnetic measurement with the increase of Ni content. As the molar ratio of Ni/Co is 3:1, the maximum value of the reflection loss reaches to −17.84 dB. Furthermore, the NiCoP/RGO composites have better corrosion resistance than traditional iron series magnetic nanoparticles. It is expected that the composites with the thin, light-weighted and broadband absorbing and good anti-corrosion properties will have a great potential for electromagnetic wave absorption applications. - Highlights: • NiCoP alloys supported on graphene were prepared via a co-reduction method. • The nanocomposites exhibited strong microwave wave absorption properties. • The microwave absorption properties enhanced with the increase of Ni content. • The nanocomposites showed good anti-corrosion property.

  8. High-frequency permeability of electroplated CoNiFe and CoNiFe-C alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rhen, Fernando M.F.; McCloskey, Paul; O'Donnell, Terence; Roy, Saibal

    2008-01-01

    We have investigated CoNiFe and CoNiFe-C electrodeposited by pulse reverse plating (PRP) and direct current (DC) techniques. CoNiFe(PRP) films with composition Co 59.4 Fe 27.7 Ni 12.8 show coercivity of 95 A m -1 (1.2 Oe) and magnetization saturation flux (μ 0 M s ) of 1.8 T. Resistivity of CoNiFe (PRP) is about 24 μΩ cm and permeability remains almost constant μ r ' ∼475 up to 30 MHz with a quality factor (Q) larger than 10. Additionally, the permeability spectra analysis shows that CoNiFe exhibits a classical eddy current loss at zero bias field and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) when biased with 0.05 T. Furthermore, a crossover between eddy current and FMR loss is observed for CoNiFe-PRP when baised with 0.05 T. DC and PRP plated CoNiFe-C, which have resistivity and permeability of 85, 38 μΩ cm, μ r '=165 and 35 with Q>10 up to 320 MHz, respectively, showed only ferromagnetic resonance losses. The ferromagnetic resonance peaks in CoNiFe and CoNiFe-C are broad and resembles a Gaussian distribution of FMR frequencies. The incorporation of C to CoNiFe reduces eddy current loss, but also reduces the FMR frequency

  9. Soft magnetic properties of hybrid ferromagnetic films with CoFe, NiFe, and NiFeCuMo layers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Choi, Jong-Gu [Eastern-western Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702 (Korea, Republic of); Hwang, Do-Guwn [Dept. of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702 (Korea, Republic of); Rhee, Jang-Roh [Dept. of Physics, Sookmyung Women' s University, Seoul 140-742 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Sang-Suk, E-mail: sslee@sangji.ac.kr [Dept. of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702 (Korea, Republic of)

    2011-09-30

    Two-layered ferromagnetic alloy films (NiFe and CoFe) with intermediate NiFeCuMo soft magnetic layers of different thicknesses were investigated to understand the relationship between coercivity and magnetization process by taking into account the strength of hard-axis saturation field. The thickness dependence of H{sub EC} (easy-axis coercivity), H{sub HS} (hard-axis saturation field), and {chi} (susceptibility) of the NiFeCuMo thin films in glass/Ta(5 nm)/[CoFe or NiFe(5 nm-t/2)]/NiFeCuMo(t = 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 nm)/[CoFe or NiFe(5 nm-t/2)]/Ta(5 nm) films prepared using the ion beam deposition method was determined. The magnetic properties (H{sub EC}, H{sub HS}, and {chi}) of the ferromagnetic CoFe, NiFe three-layers with an intermediate NiFeCuMo super-soft magnetic layer were strongly dependent on the thickness of the NiFeCuMo layer.

  10. Nanocrystalline Ni-Co Alloy Synthesis by High Speed Electrodeposition

    OpenAIRE

    Idris, Jamaliah; Christian, Chukwuekezie; Gaius, Eyu

    2013-01-01

    Electrodeposition of nanocrystals is economically and technologically viable production path for the synthesis of pure metals and alloys both in coatings and bulk form. The study presents nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloy synthesis by high speed electrodeposition. Nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloys coatings were prepared by direct current (DC) and deposited directly on steel and aluminum substrates without any pretreatment, using high speed electrodeposition method. The influence of the electrolysis par...

  11. Hydrogen storage properties of LaMgNi3.6M0.4 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Tai; Zhai, Tingting; Yuan, Zeming; Bu, Wengang; Xu, Sheng; Zhang, Yanghuan

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • La–Mg–Ni system AB 2 -type alloys were prepared by induction melting. • Structures and lattice parameters were analysed by XRD. • Hydrogen absorption/desorption performances were studied. • Mechanisms of hydrogen absorption capacity fading were investigated. - Abstract: LaMgNi 3.6 M 0.4 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys were prepared through induction melting process. The phase compositions and crystal structures were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hydrogen storage properties, including activation performance, hydrogen absorption capacity, cycle stability, alloy particle pulverisation and plateau pressure, were systemically investigated. Results show that Ni, Co, Mn and Cu substitution alloys exhibit multiphase structures comprising the main phase LaMgNi 4 and the secondary phase LaNi 5 . However, the secondary phase of the Al substitution alloy changes into LaAlNi 4 . The lattice parameters and cell volumes of the LaMgNi 4 phase follow the order Ni < Co < Al < Cu < Mn. Activation is simplified through partial substitution of Ni with Al, Cu and Co. The hydrogen absorption capacities of all of the alloys are approximately 1.7 wt.% at the first activation process; however, they rapidly decrease with increasing cycle number. In addition, the stabilities of hydriding and dehydriding cycles decrease in the order Al > Co > Ni > Cu > Mn. Hydriding processes result in numerous cracks and amorphisation of the LaMgNi 4 phase in the alloys. The p–c isotherms were determined by a Sieverts-type apparatus. Two plateaus were observed for the Ni, Co and Al substitution alloys, whereas only one plateau was found for Mn and Cu. This result was caused by the amorphisation of the LaMgNi 4 phase during the hydriding cycles. Reversible absorption and desorption of hydrogen are difficult to achieve. Substitutions of Ni with Co, Mn, Cu and Al significantly influence the reduction of hysteresis between hydriding and dehydriding

  12. Hierarchically porous Ni monolith@branch-structured NiCo2O4 for high energy density supercapacitors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mengjie Xu

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available A variety of NiCo2O4 nanostrucutures ranging from nanowire to nanoplate and branched structures were successfully prepared via a simple hydrothermal process. The experimental results show that NiCo2O4 with branched structures possesses the best overall electrochemical performance. The improvement of energy density was explored in terms of hierarchically three-dimensional (3D metal substrates and a high specific area capacitance, and area energy density is obtained with hierarchically porous Ni monolith synthesized through a controlled combustion procedure.

  13. Preparation and thermopower of new mischmetal-based partially filled skutterudites Mm yFe4-x(Co/Ni) xSb12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bourgoin, B.; Berardan, D.; Alleno, E.; Godart, C.; Rouleau, O.; Leroy, E.

    2005-01-01

    We report on sample preparation and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) in the series Mm y Fe 4-x (Co/Ni) x Sb 12 with Mm being mischmetal. We show the possibility of preparing mischmetal-based partially filled skutterudites without any segregation of the rare-earths. Room temperature thermopower is similar in mischmetal-based skutterudites to cerium- or ytterbium-based partially filled skutterudites

  14. Preparation of rhenium-186 tin colloid as radio synovectomy agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cecep T Rustendi; Martalena Ramli; M Subur

    2010-01-01

    Radio synovectomy is an alternative therapy besides surgery whereby a beta-emitting radiopharmaceutical is delivered into the affected synovial compartment in order to threat rheumatoid arthritis. One of radiopharmaceuticals that could be applied as radio synovectomy agent is 186 Re-Sn colloid. Preparation of 186 Re-Sn colloid has been carried out by searching the best condition of the reaction to obtain a high labeling efficiency (>95%), appropriate particle size and stable at room temperature. Preparation of 186 Re-Sn colloid has been done successfully using a mol ratio of Sn to Re with value 1000:1 (~50 mg SnCl 2 .2H 2 O) by heating for 90 minutes and resulting >95% labeling efficiency. Stability of 186 Re-Sn colloid was found to be good enough when it was stored at room temperature for 24 hours. The 186 Re-Sn colloid was also found to have an appropriate particle size for radiopharmaceutical agent for radio synovectomy. (author)

  15. Preparation of hollow microspheres of Ce{sup 3+} doped NiCo ferrite with high microwave absorbing performance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Duan, Hong-zhen, E-mail: duanhz2000@163.com; Zhou, Fang-ling; Cheng, Xia; Chen, Guo-hong; Li, Qiao-ling

    2017-02-15

    Hollow microspheres of Ce{sup 3+} doped NiCo-ferrites were synthesized by template-based-deposition and surface reaction method with carbon sphere as the template. The phase structure, morphology, magnetic properties and wave absorbing properties of the sample were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), Vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and a network vector analyzer (NVA), respectively. The results indicated that the particle size of the carbon sphere sample prepared by hydrothermal method was about 0.5 µm and the particle size of the Ni{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} sample prepared by template-based method was about 300 nm. The influence of the amount of rare earth element on the magnetic and absorbing properties of sample was studied. The saturation magnetization and coercivity decreased gradually with the increase of the content of Ce. When the content of Ce was 0.02, the maximal saturation magnetization value and coercivity was 75.72 emu• g{sup −1} and 789.88 Oe, respectively. The associated ferrite hollow spheres have good absorbing performance, and the return loss value was −18.8 dB at 5500 MHz. - Highlights: • Hollow microspheres of Ce{sup 3+} doped NiCo-ferrites were synthesized by template-based-deposition and surface reaction method. • The influence of rare earth Ce{sup 3+} on the magnetic and absorbing properties of sample was studied. • When the content of Ce was 0.02, the maximal saturation magnetization value and coercivity was 75.72 emu• g{sup −1} and 789.88 Oe, respectively.

  16. ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF ETHANOL USING Ni-Co-PVC COMPOSITE ELECTRODE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Riyanto Riyanto

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available The morphological characteristics and electrochemical behavior of nickel metal foil (Ni, nickel-polyvinyl chloride (Ni-PVC and nickel-cobalt-polyvinyl chloride (Ni-Co-PVC electrodes in alkaline solution has been investigated. The morphological characteristics of the electrode surface were studied using SEM and EDS, while the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV. It was found that composite electrodes (Ni-PVC and Ni-Co-PVC have a porous, irregular and rough surface. In situ studies using electrochemical technique using those three electrodes exhibited electrochemical activity for redox system, as well as selectivity in the electrooxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. The studies also found that an electrokinetics and electrocatalytic activity behaviors of the electrodes prepared were Ni metal foil

  17. Magnetic Properties of Ni-Zn Ferrite Prepared with the Layered Precursor Method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Xin; Hou Zhi-Ling; Li Feng; Qi Xin

    2010-01-01

    We prepare NiZnFe 2 O 4 soft magnetic ferrites with different molar ratios with the layered precursor method and investigate their magnetic properties. In the layered precursor, metal ions are scattered on the layer plate in a certain way on account of the effect of lowest lattice energy and lattice orientation. After high temperature calcinations, spinel ferrites with uniform structural component and single magnetic domain can be obtained, and the magnetic property is improved greatly. NiZnFe 2 O 4 ferrites prepared have the best specific saturation magnetization of 79.15 emu·g −1 , higher than that of 68 emu·g −1 prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method and that of 59 emu·g −1 prepared by the emulsion-gel method. Meanwhile the coercivity of NiZnFe 2 O 4 ferrites prepared by layered precursor method is 14 kA·m −1 , lower than that of 50 emu·g −1 prepared by the co-precipitation method and that of 59 emu·g −1 prepared by the emulsion-gel method. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

  18. Co-electrodeposition of hard Ni-W/diamond nanocomposite coatings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xinyu; Qin, Jiaqian; Das, Malay Kumar; Hao, Ruru; Zhong, Hua; Thueploy, Adisak; Limpanart, Sarintorn; Boonyongmaneerat, Yuttanant; Ma, Mingzhen; Liu, Riping

    2016-02-01

    Electroplated hard chrome coating is widely used as a wear resistant coating to prolong the life of mechanical components. However, the electroplating process generates hexavalent chromium ion which is known carcinogen. Hence, there is a major effort throughout the electroplating industry to replace hard chrome coating. Composite coating has been identified as suitable materials for replacement of hard chrome coating, while deposition coating prepared using traditional co-deposition techniques have relatively low particles content, but the content of particles incorporated into a coating may fundamentally affect its properties. In the present work, Ni-W/diamond composite coatings were prepared by sediment co-electrodeposition from Ni-W plating bath, containing suspended diamond particles. This study indicates that higher diamond contents could be successfully co-deposited and uniformly distributed in the Ni-W alloy matrix. The maximum hardness of Ni-W/diamond composite coatings is found to be 2249 ± 23 Hv due to the highest diamond content of 64 wt.%. The hardness could be further enhanced up to 2647 ± 25 Hv with heat treatment at 873 K for 1 h in Ar gas, which is comparable to hard chrome coatings. Moreover, the addition of diamond particles could significantly enhance the wear resistance of the coatings.

  19. Hydrogen storage properties of LaMgNi{sub 3.6}M{sub 0.4} (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Tai [Department of Functional Material Research, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081 (China); Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Baiyun Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010 (China); Zhai, Tingting; Yuan, Zeming; Bu, Wengang [Department of Functional Material Research, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081 (China); Xu, Sheng [Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Baiyun Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010 (China); Zhang, Yanghuan, E-mail: zhangyh59@sina.com [Department of Functional Material Research, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081 (China); Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Baiyun Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010 (China)

    2014-12-25

    Highlights: • La–Mg–Ni system AB{sub 2}-type alloys were prepared by induction melting. • Structures and lattice parameters were analysed by XRD. • Hydrogen absorption/desorption performances were studied. • Mechanisms of hydrogen absorption capacity fading were investigated. - Abstract: LaMgNi{sub 3.6}M{sub 0.4} (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys were prepared through induction melting process. The phase compositions and crystal structures were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hydrogen storage properties, including activation performance, hydrogen absorption capacity, cycle stability, alloy particle pulverisation and plateau pressure, were systemically investigated. Results show that Ni, Co, Mn and Cu substitution alloys exhibit multiphase structures comprising the main phase LaMgNi{sub 4} and the secondary phase LaNi{sub 5}. However, the secondary phase of the Al substitution alloy changes into LaAlNi{sub 4}. The lattice parameters and cell volumes of the LaMgNi{sub 4} phase follow the order Ni < Co < Al < Cu < Mn. Activation is simplified through partial substitution of Ni with Al, Cu and Co. The hydrogen absorption capacities of all of the alloys are approximately 1.7 wt.% at the first activation process; however, they rapidly decrease with increasing cycle number. In addition, the stabilities of hydriding and dehydriding cycles decrease in the order Al > Co > Ni > Cu > Mn. Hydriding processes result in numerous cracks and amorphisation of the LaMgNi{sub 4} phase in the alloys. The p–c isotherms were determined by a Sieverts-type apparatus. Two plateaus were observed for the Ni, Co and Al substitution alloys, whereas only one plateau was found for Mn and Cu. This result was caused by the amorphisation of the LaMgNi{sub 4} phase during the hydriding cycles. Reversible absorption and desorption of hydrogen are difficult to achieve. Substitutions of Ni with Co, Mn, Cu and Al significantly influence the reduction of hysteresis between

  20. Pt based PEMFC catalysts prepared from colloidal particle suspensions--a toolbox for model studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Speder, Jozsef; Altmann, Lena; Roefzaad, Melanie; Bäumer, Marcus; Kirkensgaard, Jacob J K; Mortensen, Kell; Arenz, Matthias

    2013-03-14

    A colloidal synthesis approach is presented that allows systematic studies of the properties of supported proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalysts. The applied synthesis route is based on the preparation of monodisperse nanoparticles in the absence of strong binding organic stabilizing agents. No temperature post-treatment of the catalyst is required rendering the synthesis route ideally suitable for comparative studies. We report work concerning a series of catalysts based on the same colloidal Pt nanoparticle (NP) suspension, but with different high surface area (HSA) carbon supports. It is shown that for the prepared catalysts the carbon support has no catalytic co-function, but carbon pre-treatment leads to enhanced sticking of the Pt NPs on the support. An unwanted side effect, however, is NP agglomeration during synthesis. By contrast, enhanced NP sticking without agglomeration can be accomplished by the addition of an ionomer to the NP suspension. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction is comparable to industrial catalysts and no influence of the particle size is found in the range of 2-5 nm.

  1. Microstructural and optical properties of spinel oxide M{sub x}Co{sub 2−x}MnO{sub 4} (M = Ni, Zn or Cu; 0 < x < 1) thin films prepared by inorganic polycondensation and dip-coating methods

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Le, Thi Ly; Guillemet-Fritsch, Sophie; Dufour, Pascal; Tenailleau, Christophe, E-mail: tenailleau@chimie.ups-tlse.fr

    2016-08-01

    Spinel oxide nanoparticles of M{sub x}Co{sub 2−x}MnO{sub 4} (M = Ni, Zn, Cu; 0 < x < 1) were prepared at 120 °C by the inorganic polycondensation method. Phase composition and microstructure of each sample powder thus obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Nanoparticles are well crystallized and uniformly distributed in both shape and size. Colloidal dispersions were stabilized in a low cost and environmentally friendly solvent solution. Spinel oxide thin films were then deposited on glass substrates by using the dip-coating technique. Their optical properties were measured in the 300–1100 nm wavelength range. Thin films show extremely good absorbance in the ultra-violet and blue regions. The highest absorbance observed in the red region was for x = 0.15 in zinc. A smaller direct band gap was determined when a low amount of doping M element was introduced in the cobalt and manganese spinel oxide material. - Highlights: • Pure complex spinel oxide nanoparticles synthesis at low T • Low cost method used to stabilize colloidal dispersions • Preparation of homogenous light absorber thin films by dip-coating • Adjustable optical properties and band gaps with the dopants.

  2. In situ preparation of MgCo2O4 nanosheets on Ni-foam as a binder-free electrode for high performance hybrid supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vijayakumar, Subbukalai; Nagamuthu, Sadayappan; Ryu, Kwang-Sun

    2018-05-15

    A binder-free, MgCo2O4 nanosheet-like architecture was prepared on Ni-foam using a hydrothermal method. MgCo2O4/Ni-foam was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The FESEM image revealed a nanosheet array-like architecture. The MgCo2O4 nanosheets grown on Ni-foam exhibited the maximum specific capacity of 947 C g-1 at a specific current of 2 A g-1. Approximately 96% of the specific capacity was retained from the maximum specific capacity after 5000 continuous charge-discharge cycles. This hybrid device exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 52 C g-1 at a specific current of 0.5 A g-1, and also exhibited a maximum specific energy of 12.99 W h kg-1 at a specific power of 448.7 W kg-1. These results confirmed that the binder-free MgCo2O4 nanosheets grown on Ni-foam are a suitable positive electrode material for hybrid supercapacitors.

  3. Hydrogel covered bimetallic Co:Ni magnetic nano alloy for protein adsorption in biomedical application

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rajar, Kausar; Alveroglu, Esra

    2017-10-01

    In this study, polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel covered CoNi magnetic nanoalloys with various Co/Ni molar ratio (from 1/4 to 4/1) were synthesized, characterized and used for adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). XRD, EDS, VSM, SEM, AFM, Automated Gas Sorption Analyzer and Fluorescence measurements were used for characterizations and adsorption studies. The results confirm that all the synthesized nanoalloys have soft ferromagnetic nature and particles size were determined to be in the range of 8.60-12.19 nm. Adsorption performances of magnetic nanoalloys were investigated on bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. The results showed that prepared CoNi:PAAm composites have multistage adsorption kinetics for BSA and increasing Ni content in the CoNi nanoalloys enhance the adsorption rate constant and the rate constant can be tuned between 0.003 s-1 and 0.009 s-1 and between 0.01 s-1 and 0.60 s-1 for the first order adsorption and the second order adsorption stages, respectively. These results show that CoNi:PAAm composites can open new pathways for preparing a special composite material which has specific adsorption kinetic for bio-separation technology.

  4. Preparation and dispersive properties of Ag colloid by electrical explosion of wire

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yun, G.S.; Bac, L.H.; Kim, J.S.; Kwon, Y.S.; Choi, H.S.; Kim, J.C.

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → Wire diameter and synthetic temperature affect on properties of Ag colloid by EEW. → The lower temperature and smaller diameter make smaller size and narrower size distribution. → Ag colloid are more stable at lower synthetic temperature and smaller size. - Abstract: In this work, Ag colloid was prepared by electrical explosion of wire in deionized water with 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm wire diameter. The temperature of water used for medium of explosion process was change from 20 deg. C to 80 deg. C. Morphology and particle size of nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscope. The particle size and size distribution of nanoparticles was found to shift to a smaller size with a decrease of temperature and smaller wire diameter. Surface plasmon resonance of the silver colloids was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. Stability of silver colloids was investigated by zeta-potential and Turbiscan techniques. The results indicated that temperature of medium during explosion affects much on the stability of Ag colloid. The silver colloidal stability prepared at lower temperature and smaller wire diameter was more stable.

  5. Preparation and characterization of self-assembled layer by layer NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with improved electrocatalytic properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Srivastava, Manish; Elias Uddin, Md. [Advanced Materials Research Institute for BIN Fusion Technology (BK Plus Global Program), Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Singh, Jay [Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042 (India); Kim, Nam Hoon [Advanced Materials Research Institute for BIN Fusion Technology (BK Plus Global Program), Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Joong Hee, E-mail: jhl@chonbuk.ac.kr [Advanced Materials Research Institute for BIN Fusion Technology (BK Plus Global Program), Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Advanced Wind Power System Research Center, Department of Polymer and Nano Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 (Korea, Republic of)

    2014-03-25

    Graphical abstract: NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} were grown on RGO by in situ synthesis process. FE-SEM investigation revealed self assembled layer by layer growth of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}–RGO nanocomposite. NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}–RGO nanocomposite exhibited synergetic effect of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles and RGO on its electrochemical performance. -- Highlights: • NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} were grown on RGO by in-situ synthesis process. • FE-SEM image revealed self-assembled layer by layer growth of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}-RGO nanocomposite. • NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}-RGO nanocomposite exhibited synergetic effects on its electrochemical performance. -- Abstract: NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are prepared by simultaneously reducing graphene oxide (GO), nickel and cobalt nitrate via a hydrothermal method assisted by post annealing at low temperature. The method involves formation of hydroxides on GO using ammonia under hydrothermal conditions. Subsequent thermal treatment at 300 °C led to the conversion of hydroxides into single-phase NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} atop the RGO. The synthesized products are characterized through several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FE-SEM investigations reveal the growth of a layer by layer assembly of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}–RGO (2:1) nanocomposite, where the NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles are tightly packed between the layers of RGO. Further, the catalytic properties of the NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}–RGO nanocomposite are investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. It is observed that the special structural features of the NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}–RGO (2:1) nanocomposite, including

  6. Influence of Temperature on the Performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Prepared by High-Temperature Ball-Milling Method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ming Tian

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Aiming at the preparation of high electrochemical performance LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material for lithium-ion battery, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared with lithium carbonate, nickel (II oxide, cobalt (II, III oxide, and manganese dioxide as raw materials by high-temperature ball-milling method. Influence of ball-milling temperature was investigated in this work. It was shown that the fine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powder with high electrochemical performance can be produced by the high-temperature ball-milling process, and the optimal ball-milling temperature obtained in the current study was 750°C. Its initial discharge capacity was 146.0 mAhg−1 at the rate of 0.1 C, and over 50 cycles its capacity retention rate was 90.2%.

  7. Ultrathin mesoporous NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanosheets supported on Ni foam as advanced electrodes for supercapacitors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yuan, Changzhou [Anhui Key Laboratory of Metal Materials and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002 (China); School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive (Singapore); Li, Jiaoyang; Hou, Linrui [Anhui Key Laboratory of Metal Materials and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002 (China); Zhang, Xiaogang; Shen, Laifa [College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016 (China); Lou, Xiong Wen [School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive (Singapore)

    2012-11-07

    A facile two-step method is developed for large-scale growth of ultrathin mesoporous nickel cobaltite (NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}) nanosheets on conductive nickel foam with robust adhesion as a high-performance electrode for electrochemical capacitors. The synthesis involves the co-electrodeposition of a bimetallic (Ni, Co) hydroxide precursor on a Ni foam support and subsequent thermal transformation to spinel mesoporous NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}. The as-prepared ultrathin NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanosheets with the thickness of a few nanometers possess many interparticle mesopores with a size range from 2 to 5 nm. The nickel foam supported ultrathin mesoporous NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanosheets promise fast electron and ion transport, large electroactive surface area, and excellent structural stability. As a result, superior pseudocapacitive performance is achieved with an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 1450 F g{sup -1}, even at a very high current density of 20 A g{sup -1}, and excellent cycling performance at high rates, suggesting its promising application as an efficient electrode for electrochemical capacitors. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  8. The magnetic and colloidal properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gyergyek, Sašo; Drofenik, Miha; Makovec, Darko

    2014-01-01

    Magnetic CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation at 80 °C. This co-precipitation was achieved by the rapid addition of a strong base to an aqueous solution of cations. The investigation of the samples that were quenched at different times after the addition of the base, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and X-ray powder diffractometry, revealed the formation of a Co-deficient amorphous phase and Co(OH)(2), which rapidly reacted to form small CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles grew with the time of aging at elevated temperature. The colloidal suspensions of the nanoparticles were prepared in both an aqueous medium and in a non-polar organic medium, with the adsorption of citric acid and ricinoleic acid on the nanoparticles, respectively. The measurements of the room-temperature magnetization revealed the ferrimagnetic state of the CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles, while their suspensions displayed superparamagnetic behaviour.

  9. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of NiCo2 O4 Microstructures and Their Application in Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiang, Nannan; Ni, Yonghong; Ma, Xiang

    2015-09-01

    The shape-controlled synthesis of NiCo2 O4 microstructures through a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent calcinations was explored. By employing CoSO4 , NiSO4 , and urea as the starting reactants, flower-like NiCo2 O4 microstructures were obtained at 100 °C after 5 h without the assistance of any additive and subsequent calcination at 300 °C for 2 h; dumbbell-like NiCo2 O4 microstructures were prepared at 150 °C after 5 h in the presence of trisodium citrate and subsequent calcination at 300 °C for 2 h. The as-prepared NiCo2 O4 microstructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy. Both the flower-like and dumbbell-like NiCo2 O4 microstructures could be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, and they exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, including high specific capacitance, good rate capability, and excellent long-term cycle stability. Simultaneously, the shape-dependent electrochemical properties of the product were investigated. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  10. Effect of adding Si on shape memory effect in Co-Ni alloy system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhou Weimin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China); Liu Yan [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Jiang Bohong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China)]. E-mail: bhjiang@sjtu.edu.cn; Zhou Pingnan [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China)

    2006-11-25

    In this paper, the effect of adding Si to Co-31.5 mass% Ni alloys on fcc-hcp martensitic transformation is investigated. The Co-Ni-Si ternary alloys with different amount of Si from 1 to 5 mass% were prepared. The stacking fault probability of Co-Ni-Si polycrystalline alloys were determined by X-ray diffraction profile analysis and compared with the binary Co-Ni alloy. The results show that the stacking fault probability of the fcc phase of alloys increases with increasing Si content. The effect of Si on phase transformation and shape memory behavior is evaluated. The experimental results show that both the critical strength and the shape memory effect of the ternary alloys will increase by the addition of Si. The improvement mechanism of the shape memory effect by adding Si to binary Co-Ni alloys is discussed.

  11. Graphene wrapped porous Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 double-shelled nanocages with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for glucose sensor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xue, Bei; Li, Kezhi; Feng, Lei; Lu, Jinhua; Zhang, Leilei

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Graphene wrapped Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs has been prepared for detection of glucose. • Sensing performance was improved by synergy between electrocatalytic activity and efficient electron transport. • The sensor has excellent sensing performance with high sensitivity and low detection limit. • The developed method was successfully applied to detect glucose in human serum. - Abstract: Graphene (G) wrapped porous Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 double-shelled nanocages (Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs@G) were prepared by the formation of Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs using zeolite imidazole frameworks-67 as template with the subsequent calcination and package of G by hydrothermal method. The abundant accessible active sites provided by the porous structure of Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs and efficient electron transport pathways for electrocatalytic reaction offered by the high conductive G worked very well together in a ferocious synergy, which endowed Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs@G with excellent electrocatalytic behaviors for determining glucose. A comparison between Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs without G packing and Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs@G showed that former had linear response window concentrations of 0.01-3.52 mM (correlation coefficient = 0.999), detection limit of 0.744 μM (S/N = 3) and sensitivity of 0.196 mA mM"−"1 cm"−"2, whereas the latter exhibited linear response window concentrations of 0.01-3.52 mM (correlation coefficient = 0.999), detection limit of 0.384 μM (S/N = 3) and sensitivity of 0.304 mA mM"−"1 cm"−"2. The combination of Co_3O_4/NiCo_2O_4 DSNCs and G was a meaningful strategy to fabricate high-performance non-enzyme glucose sensors with low detection limit, good selectivity and high sensitivity.

  12. Fabrication and magnetic investigations of highly uniform CoNiGa alloy nanowires

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Wen-Jing; Khan, U.; Irfan, Muhammad [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Javed, K. [Department of Physics, Forman Christian College, Lahore 5400 (Pakistan); Liu, P. [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021 (China); Ban, S.L. [School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021 (China); Han, X.F., E-mail: xfhan@iphy.ac.cn [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)

    2017-06-15

    Highlights: • Highly ordered CoNiGa alloy nanowires with different compositions were fabricated by DC electrodeposition. • The magnetic properties of CoNiGa nanowires can be easily tailored by varying its components. • Magnetostatic interactions plays an important role in the magnetization reversal process. • A linear dependence of coercivity on temperature was found for Co{sub 55}Ni{sub 28}Ga{sub 17} samples. - Abstract: CoNiGa ternary alloy nanowire arrays were successfully fabricated by simple DC electrodeposition into the anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. A systematic study of the potential and components of the electrolyte were conducted to obtain different components of CoNiGa nanowires. The largest Ga content in the prepared alloy nanowires was about 17%, while for Co and Ni contents which can be controlled in a wide range by adjusting the composition and pH value of the electrolyte appropriately. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the as-grown CoNiGa nanowire arrays were polycrystal with fcc phase of Co where Co atoms partially substituted by Ni and Ga. Magnetization curves of samples with different composition were measured at room temperature as well as low temperature. The results showed that the components of the alloy nanowires have a great impact on its magnetic properties. For Co{sub 55}Ni{sub 28}Ga{sub 17} nanowires, the magnetization reversal mode changes from curling mode to coherent rotation as the angle increases, and the temperature dependence of coercivity can be well described by the thermal activation effect.

  13. Porous Ni-Co-Mn oxides prisms for high performance electrochemical energy storage

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Jianbo; Li, Man; Li, Junru; Wei, Chengzhen; He, Yuyue; Huang, Yixuan; Li, Qiaoling

    2017-12-01

    Porous Ni-Co-Mn oxides prisms have been successfully synthesized via a facile route. The process involves the preparation of nickel-cobalt-manganese acetate hydroxide by a simple co-precipitation method and subsequently the thermal treatment. The as-synthesized Ni-Co-Mn oxides prisms had a large surface area (96.53 m2 g-1) and porous structure. As electrode materials for supercapacitors, porous Ni-Co-Mn oxides prisms showed a high specific capacitance of 1623.5 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1. Moreover, the porous Ni-Co-Mn oxides prisms were also employed as positive electrode materials to assemble flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. The resulting flexible device had a maximum volumetric energy density (0.885 mW h cm-3) and power density (48.9 mW cm-3). Encouragingly, the flexible device exhibited good cycling stability with only about 2.2% loss after 5000 charge-discharge cycles and excellent mechanical stability. These results indicate that porous Ni-Co-Mn oxides prisms have the promising application in high performance electrochemical energy storage.

  14. [In situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy study of CO adsorption on Ni2P/mesoporous molecule sieve catalysts].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Qian-qian; Ji, Sheng-fu; Wu, Ping-yi; Hu, Lin-hua; Huang, Xiao-fan; Zhu, Ji-qin; Li, Cheng-yue

    2009-05-01

    Abstract The supported nickel phosphate precursors were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using nickel nitrate as nickel source, diammonium hydrogen phosphate as phosphorus source, and MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15 and SBA-16 as supports, respectively. Then, the supported Ni2 P catalysts were prepared by temperature-programmed reduction in flowing Hz from their nickel phosphate precursors. The in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis with the probe molecule CO was carried out to characterize the surface properties. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the spectral features of the samples. The upsilon(CO) absorbances observed for adsorbed CO on mesoporous molecule sieve was attributed to weak physical adsorption. There are four different kinds of upsilon(CO) absorbances observed for adsorbed CO on Ni2 P/MCM-41 catalyst with the following assignments: (1) the formation of Ni(CO)4 at 2055 cm(-1). (2) CO terminally bonded to cus Ni(delta+) (0CO terminally bonded to Ni+ sites at 2127 cm(-1). (4) CO terminally bonded to P and form P==C==O between 2198 and 2202 cm(-1). There are two different kinds of upsilon(CO) absorbances observed for adsorbed CO on Ni2P/MCM-48, Ni2P/ SBA-15 and Ni2P/SBA-16 catalysts. The absorbance observed at 2051-2055 cm(-1) for CO adsorption on Ni2P/MCM-48, Ni2P/SBA-15 and Ni2P/SBA-16 catalysts is due to the formation of Ni(CO)4 species. The other upsilon absorbances observed at 2093-2096 cm(-1) was attributed to CO terminally bonded to cus Ni(delta+) (0

  15. Photochemical deposition of NiCoO x thin films from Ni/Co heteronuclear triketonate complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buono-Core, G.E.; Tejos, M.; Cabello, G.; Guzman, N.; Hill, R.H.

    2006-01-01

    UV light irradiation of thin films of a polyketonate Ni/Co heteronuclear complex, NiCo(DBA) 2 [DBA, dibenzoylacetone)], spin coated on Si(1 0 0) substrates produced NiCoO x mixed oxides as amorphous films. On annealing at 600 deg. C under air, the mixed oxide film decomposed to NiO and CoO as indicated by XRD measurements. The morphology of the as-deposited films was examined by AFM analysis showing a smooth surface with low rms roughness values. The ratio of Ni/Co (1.08) present in the film reflects the stoichiometry in the starting compound within the experimental error, as shown by XPS analysis. The large amount of carbon (20.8%) detected on the surface of the film may be due to the presence of phenyl rings in the precursor complex

  16. Fabrication and characterization of single segment CoNiP and multisegment CoNiP/Au nanowires

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luu Van Thiem; Le Tuan Tu

    2014-01-01

    This paper presents the fabrication of CoNiP single segment and CoNiP/Au multisegment nanowires. We have fabricated these nanowires by electrodeposition method into polycarbonate templates with a nominal pore diameter about 100 nm. The hysteresis loops were measured with the applied magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the wire axis using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The structure morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the element composition of CoNiP/Au multisegment nanowires were analyzed by EDS. The results show that nanowires are very uniform with the diameter of 100 nm. The observed coercivity (H C ) and squareness (Mr/Ms) of CoNiP single segment nanowires are larger than the CoNiP/Au multisegment nanowires. (author)

  17. Methanol oxidation reaction activity of microwave irradiated and heat-treated Pt/Co and Pt/Ni nano-electrocatalysts

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Mathe, NR

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Bimetallic Pt nanoparticles were prepared by alloying Pt with the non-noble transition metals, Co and Ni, using a conventional heat-treatment (HT) method and microwaveirradiation (MW). The resulting samples were PteCo-Ht, PteNi-HT, PteCo, MW and Pt...

  18. [AgBr colloids prepared by electrolysis and their SERS activity research].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Si, Min-Zhen; Fang, Yan; Dong, Gang; Zhang, Peng-Xiang

    2008-01-01

    Ivory-white AgBr colloids were prepared by means of electrolysis. Two silver rods 1.0 cm in diameter and 10.0 cm long were respectively used as the negative and positive electrodes, the aqueous solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide was used as the electrolyte, and a 7 V direct current was applied on the silver rods for three hours. The obtained AgBr colloids were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and SERS using a 514. 5 nm laser line on Renishaw 2000 Raman spectrometer. These particles are about nanometer size and their shapes are as spherical or elliptic, with a slight degree of particle aggregation. The UV-Vis spectra exhibit a large plasmon resonance band at about 292.5 nm, similar to that reported in the literature. The AgBr colloids were very stable at room temperature for months. In order to test if these AgBr colloids can be used for SERS research, methyl orange, Sudan red and pyridine were used. It was found that AgBr colloids have SERS activity to these three molicules. For methyl orange, the intense Raman peaks are at 1 123, 1 146, 1 392, 1 448 and 1 594 cm(-1); for Sudan red, the intense Raman peaks are at 1 141, 1 179, 1 433 and 1 590 cm(-1); and for pyridine, the intense Raman peaks are at 1 003, 1 034 and 1 121 cm(-1). It is noticeable that SERS of methyl orange was observed on AgBr colloids, but not on the gray and yellow silver colloids prepared by traditional means. The possible reason was explained. One major advantage of this means is the absence of the spectral interference such as citrate, BH4- arising from reaction products of the colloids formation process. On AgBr colloids, one can get some molecular SERS impossible to get on the gray and yellow silver colloids.

  19. Three-dimensional hierarchical NiCo2O4 nanowire@Ni3S2 nanosheet core/shell arrays for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Bo; Kong, Dezhi; Huang, Zhi Xiang; Mo, Runwei; Wang, Ye; Han, Zhaojun; Cheng, Chuanwei; Yang, Hui Ying

    2016-05-01

    Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 core/shell arrays on Ni foam were synthesized by a facile, stepwise synthesis approach. The 3D heterogeneous NiCo2O4 nanostructure forms an interconnected web-like scaffold and serves as the core for the Ni3S2 shell. The as-prepared NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 nanowire array (NWA) electrodes exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, such as high specific areal capacitance and excellent cycling stability. The specific areal capacitance of 3.0 F cm-2 at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 is among the highest values and the only 6.7% capacitance decay after 10 000 cycles demonstrates the excellent cycling stability. A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated with activated carbon (AC) as the anode and the obtained NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 NWAs as the cathode. The ASC device exhibited a high energy density of 1.89 mW h cm-3 at 5.81 W cm-3 and a high power density of 56.33 W cm-3 at 0.94 mW h cm-3. As a result, the hybrid nanoarchitecture opens a new way to design high performance electrodes for electrochemical energy storage applications.Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 core/shell arrays on Ni foam were synthesized by a facile, stepwise synthesis approach. The 3D heterogeneous NiCo2O4 nanostructure forms an interconnected web-like scaffold and serves as the core for the Ni3S2 shell. The as-prepared NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 nanowire array (NWA) electrodes exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, such as high specific areal capacitance and excellent cycling stability. The specific areal capacitance of 3.0 F cm-2 at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 is among the highest values and the only 6.7% capacitance decay after 10 000 cycles demonstrates the excellent cycling stability. A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated with activated carbon (AC) as the anode and the obtained NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 NWAs as the cathode. The ASC device exhibited a high energy density of 1.89 mW h cm-3 at 5.81 W cm-3 and a high power

  20. Preparation of silver colloid and enhancement of dispersion stability in organic solvent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Ki Young; Choi, Young Tai; Seo, Dae Jong; Park, Seung Bin

    2004-01-01

    Silver colloid of nanometer size was prepared in liquid phase by a reduction method. AgNO 3 , FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, and Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 .2H 2 O were used as silver precursor, reducing agent and dispersing agent, respectively. As precursor concentration was decreased or the concentration of dispersing agent was increased, the prepared particle size was decreased from 180 nm to 20 nm. Apparently, the particle size seemed to be decreased with the increase of stirring rate, but it was confirmed by TEM that the size of primary particle remained the same. This result indicates that the uniformity of precursor concentration in the reactor affects the particle size and the stirring rate should be kept higher than the critical value to prevent the agglomeration of particles. In order to make the dispersion stability of the prepared silver colloid maintained even in non-polar organic solvent, electrodialysis technique was applied. As ionic species in colloidal solution were removed by electrodialysis, the dispersability of the colloid in the organic solvent of long carbon chain was confirmed to be increased

  1. Magnetic properties of Co and Ni based alloy nanoparticles dispersed in a silica matrix

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Julian Fernandez, C. E-mail: dejulian@padova.infm.it; Sangregorio, C.; Mattei, G.; Maurizio, C.; Battaglin, G.; Gonella, F.; Lascialfari, A.; Lo Russo, S.; Gatteschi, D.; Mazzoldi, P.; Gonzalez, J.M.; D' Acapito, F

    2001-04-01

    A comparative study of the magnetic properties of Co and Ni based alloy nanoparticles (Ni-Co, Ni-Cu and Co-Cu) formed in a silica matrix by ion implantation is presented. Different ion doses and implantation sequences were realized in order to obtain different nanostructures. The structural and magnetic properties observed for the Cu{sub 50}Ni{sub 50} nanoparticles are similar to those of the Cu{sub 60}Ni{sub 40} bulk alloy. The crystal structure of Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x} (0{<=}x{<=}1) nanoparticles is similar to that of the corresponding bulk alloy. The magnetic properties depend on the ion-implanted dose and on the alloy composition. The samples prepared by implanting a 15x10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2} total dose contain nanoparticles, which are superparamagnetic at room temperature and their magnetic behavior is influenced by dipolar interparticle interactions. The magnetization of the CoNi samples at high magnetic field is larger than that of the corresponding bulk alloy and follows the same composition dependence of that quantity measured in the alloy.

  2. Magnetic properties of Co and Ni based alloy nanoparticles dispersed in a silica matrix

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Julian Fernandez, C.; Sangregorio, C.; Mattei, G.; Maurizio, C.; Battaglin, G.; Gonella, F.; Lascialfari, A.; Lo Russo, S.; Gatteschi, D.; Mazzoldi, P.; Gonzalez, J.M.; D'Acapito, F.

    2001-01-01

    A comparative study of the magnetic properties of Co and Ni based alloy nanoparticles (Ni-Co, Ni-Cu and Co-Cu) formed in a silica matrix by ion implantation is presented. Different ion doses and implantation sequences were realized in order to obtain different nanostructures. The structural and magnetic properties observed for the Cu 50 Ni 50 nanoparticles are similar to those of the Cu 60 Ni 40 bulk alloy. The crystal structure of Co x Ni 1-x (0≤x≤1) nanoparticles is similar to that of the corresponding bulk alloy. The magnetic properties depend on the ion-implanted dose and on the alloy composition. The samples prepared by implanting a 15x10 16 ions/cm 2 total dose contain nanoparticles, which are superparamagnetic at room temperature and their magnetic behavior is influenced by dipolar interparticle interactions. The magnetization of the CoNi samples at high magnetic field is larger than that of the corresponding bulk alloy and follows the same composition dependence of that quantity measured in the alloy

  3. Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Ni-Doped ZrCoSb Half-Heusler Compounds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Degang Zhao

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The Ni-doped ZrCo1−xNixSb half-Heusler compounds were prepared by arc-melting and spark plasma sintering technology. X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that all samples were crystallized in a half-Heusler phase. Thermoelectric properties of ZrCo1−xNixSb compounds were measured from room temperature to 850 K. The electrical conductivity and the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient increased with the Ni-doping content increasing due to the Ni substitution at Co. sites. The lattice thermal conductivity of ZrCo1−xNixSb samples was depressed dramatically because of the acoustic phonon scattering and point defect scattering. The figure of merit of ZrCo1−xNixSb compounds was improved due to the decreased thermal conductivity and improved power factor. The maximum ZT value of 0.24 was achieved for ZrCo0.92Ni0.08Sb sample at 850 K.

  4. Nanocrystalline spinel ferrite (MFe2O4, M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) powders prepared by a simple aloe vera plant-extracted solution hydrothermal route

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Phumying, Santi; Labuayai, Sarawuth; Swatsitang, Ekaphan; Amornkitbamrung, Vittaya; Maensiri, Santi

    2013-01-01

    Graphical abstract: This figure shows the specific magnetization curves of the as-prepared MFe 2 O 4 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) powders obtained from room temperature VSM measurement. These curves are typical for a soft magnetic material and indicate hysteresis ferromagnetism in the field ranges of ±500 Oe, ±1000 Oe, and ±2000 Oe for the CoFe 2 O 4 , MgFe 2 O 4 and MnFe 2 O 4 respectively, whereas the samples of NiFe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 show a superparamagnetic behavior. Highlights: ► Nanocrystalline MFe 2 O 4 powders were synthesized by a novel hydrothermal method. ► Metal acetylacetonates and aloe vera plant-extracted solution are used. ► This biosynthetic route is very simple and provides high-yield oxide nanomaterials. ► XRD and TEM results indicate that the prepared samples have only spinel structure. ► The maximum M s of 68.9 emu/g at 10 kOe were observed for the samples of MnFe 2 O 4 . - Abstract: Nanocrystalline spinel ferrite MFe 2 O 4 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) powders were synthesized by a novel hydrothermal method using Fe(acac) 3 , M(acac) 3 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) and aloe vera plant extracted solution. The X-ray diffraction and selected-area electron diffraction results indicate that the synthesized nanocrystalline have only spinel structure without the presence of other phase impurities. The crystal structure and morphology of the spinel ferrite powders, as revealed by TEM, show that the NiFe 2 O 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 samples contain nanoparticles, whereas the MnFe 2 O 4 and MgFe 2 O 4 samples consist of many nanoplatelets and nanoparticles. Interestingly, the ZnFe 2 O 4 sample contains plate-like structure of networked nanocrystalline particles. Room temperature magnetization results show a ferromagnetic behavior of the CoFe 2 O 4 , MnFe 2 O 4 and MgFe 2 O 4 samples, whereas the samples of NiFe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 exhibit a superparamagnetic behavior

  5. Effect of magnetic field on self-assembling of colloidal Co magnetic nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chitu, L.; Chushkin, Y.; Luby, S.; Majkova, E.; Leo, G.; Satka, A.; Giersig, M.; Hilgendorff, M.

    2006-01-01

    In this paper the formation of 3-D structures composed of Co nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. Structures were obtained by drying a droplet of a colloidal solution of NPs in a magnetic field perpendicular to the substrate. The Co nanoparticles were prepared by thermolysis of Co 2 (CO) 8 . The 3-D NP structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic and magnetic force microscopy (AFM/MFM). It has been found that at the border of the droplet, NPs assemble into hexagonally ordered 3-D columns or they form a labyrinthine structure. The formation of the 3-D structures can be explained by the outflow of NPs to the border of the droplet during the drying process. Within this model the pattern formation is dependent on the concentration of the NPs and the degree of alignment of the magnetic moments of NPs in the 3-D columns

  6. Mechanochemical synthesis of Co and Ni decorated with chemically deposited Pt as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Flores-Rojas, E.; Cabañas-Moreno, J.G.; Pérez-Robles, J.F.; Solorza-Feria, O.

    2016-01-01

    High energy milling in combination with galvanic displacement were used for the preparation of bimetallic nanocatalysts. Co and Ni monometallic powders milled for 30 and 20 h, respectively were both produced in air atmosphere and used as precursors for the preparation of M-Pt (M = Co,Ni) compounds. Nanosized monometallic powders were physically supported on Vulcan carbon, and covered with 20 wt%Pt through a Galvanic Displacement Reaction (GDR) to produce Co-20Pt/C and Ni-20Pt/C electrocatalysts. XRD was used for phase identification on milled powders and for demonstrating structural transformations of Co powders during milling. Results on unmilled metallic Co powder show a predominant HCP structure modifying to a FCC structure after milling. Ni powders maintain their same FCC structure. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectometry (EDX) was used for chemical composition analysis on milled powders at several milling times. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) show the formation of heterogeneous particle with ∼10 nm in size for both electrocatalysts. The electrocatalytic activity was evaluated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and steady state Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M HClO_4. The kinetic parameters on Co-20Pt/C conducted to the highest mass activity for the cathodic reaction. - Highlights: • Monometallic powders of Co, and Ni were used as precursors for the preparation of M-Pt (M = Co,Ni) electrocatalysts. • Nanosized monometallic powders were decorated with Pt by a Galvanic Displacement Reaction. • The kinetic parameters on Co-20Pt/C conducted to the highest mass activity for the ORR reaction.

  7. Mechanochemical synthesis of Co and Ni decorated with chemically deposited Pt as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Flores-Rojas, E.; Cabañas-Moreno, J.G. [Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City (Mexico); Pérez-Robles, J.F. [Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City (Mexico); Dpto. Ciencia de los Materiales, CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Queretaro, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000 Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro (Mexico); Solorza-Feria, O., E-mail: osolorza@cinvestav.mx [Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City (Mexico); Depto. Química, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360, México City (Mexico)

    2016-11-01

    High energy milling in combination with galvanic displacement were used for the preparation of bimetallic nanocatalysts. Co and Ni monometallic powders milled for 30 and 20 h, respectively were both produced in air atmosphere and used as precursors for the preparation of M-Pt (M = Co,Ni) compounds. Nanosized monometallic powders were physically supported on Vulcan carbon, and covered with 20 wt%Pt through a Galvanic Displacement Reaction (GDR) to produce Co-20Pt/C and Ni-20Pt/C electrocatalysts. XRD was used for phase identification on milled powders and for demonstrating structural transformations of Co powders during milling. Results on unmilled metallic Co powder show a predominant HCP structure modifying to a FCC structure after milling. Ni powders maintain their same FCC structure. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectometry (EDX) was used for chemical composition analysis on milled powders at several milling times. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) show the formation of heterogeneous particle with ∼10 nm in size for both electrocatalysts. The electrocatalytic activity was evaluated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and steady state Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M HClO{sub 4}. The kinetic parameters on Co-20Pt/C conducted to the highest mass activity for the cathodic reaction. - Highlights: • Monometallic powders of Co, and Ni were used as precursors for the preparation of M-Pt (M = Co,Ni) electrocatalysts. • Nanosized monometallic powders were decorated with Pt by a Galvanic Displacement Reaction. • The kinetic parameters on Co-20Pt/C conducted to the highest mass activity for the ORR reaction.

  8. Poly(o-phenylenediamine)/NiCoFe2O4 nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, magnetic and dielectric properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kannapiran, Nagarajan; Muthusamy, Athianna; Chitra, Palanisamy; Anand, Siddeswaran; Jayaprakash, Rajan

    2017-02-01

    In this study, poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD)/NiCoFe2O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ oxidative chemical polymerization method with different amount of NiCoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The NiCoFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by auto-combustion method. The structural, morphological, thermal properties of the synthesized PoPD/NiCoFe2O4 nanocomposites were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Magnetic properties of NiCoFe2O4 nanoparticles and PoPD/NiCoFe2O4 nanocomposites were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The FTIR and XRD techniques were used to confirm the formation of PoPD/NiCoFe2O4 nanocomposites. The average crystalline size of NiCoFe2O4 nanoparticles and PoPD/NiCoFe2O4 nanocomposites were calculated from XRD. From the SEM analysis, spherical morphology of the PoPD was confirmed. The TGA results showed that the NiCoFe2O4 nanoparticles have improved the thermal stability of PoPD. Dielectric properties of PoPD/NiCoFe2O4 nanocomposites at different temperatures have been carried in the frequency range 50 Hz to 5 MHz.

  9. Structural and magnetic properties of Co50Ni50 powder mixtures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loudjani, N.; Bensebaa, N.; Dekhil, L.; Alleg, S.; Sunol, J.J.

    2011-01-01

    In the present work, morphological, structural, thermal and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Co 50 Ni 50 alloy prepared by high energy planetary ball milling have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The coercivity and the saturation magnetization of alloyed powders were measured at room temperature by a vibration sample magnetization. Morphological observations indicated a narrow distribution in the particle and homogeneous shape form with mean average particle size around 130 μm 2 . The results show that an allotropic Co transformation hcp→fcc occurs within the three first hours of milling and contrary to what expected, the Rietveld refinement method reveals the formation of two fcc solid solutions (SS): fcc Co(Ni) and Ni(Co) beside a small amount of the undissolved Co hcp. Thermal measurement, as a function of milling time was carried out to confirm the existence of the hcp phase and to estimate its amount. Magnetic measurement indicated that the 48 h milled powders with a steady state particles size have the highest saturation (105.3 emu/g) and the lowest coercivity (34.5 Oe). - Highlights: → By using the Rietveld refinement method we found that Co 50 Ni 50 alloy, milled for 48 h, contains two fcc solid solutions: fcc Co(Ni) and Ni(Co), beside a small amount of the undissolved Co hcp. DSC measurement as a function of milling time was carried out to confirm the existence of the hcp phase and to estimate its amount. → By means of imageJ we found the area distribution and not just the diameter distribution. → The coercivity is strongly related to the particles size distribution.

  10. Synthesis and Optimization of MWCNTs on Co-Ni/MgO by Thermal CVD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Ryu

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs were prepared by the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD technique. Monometallic and bimetallic Co and Ni combinations were used as a catalyst on MgO support. The mixer of H2/C2H2 was used as a carbon source. The prepared CNTs were found to possess different shapes, morphologies, and sizes. Maximum yield was found for 50% Co (MgO: 50% and Ni: 0% catalyst at 600°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM techniques were used for structural analysis. Raman spectra were taken to investigate the quality and crystalline perfection of the prepared CNTs. The ratio of D- and G-bands (ID/IG was measured from these spectra.

  11. Flexible Asymmetric Threadlike Supercapacitors Based on NiCo2 Se4 Nanosheet and NiCo2 O4 /Polypyrrole Electrodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Qiufan; Ma, Yun; Wu, Yunlong; Zhang, Daohong; Miao, Menghe

    2017-04-10

    Flexible threadlike supercapacitors with improved performance are needed for many wearable electronics applications. Here, we report a high performance flexible asymmetric all-solid-state threadlike supercapacitor with a NiCo 2 Se 4 positive electrode and a NiCo 2 O 4 @PPy (PPy: polypyrrole) negative electrode. The as-prepared electrodes display outstanding volume specific capacitance (14.2 F cm -3 ) and excellent cycling performance (94 % retention after 5000 cycles at 0.6 mA) owing to their nanosheet and nanosphere structures. The asymmetric all-solid-state threadlike supercapacitor expanded the stability voltage window from 0-1.0 V to 0-1.7 V and exhibits high volume energy density (5.18 mWh cm -3 ) and superior flexibility under different bending conditions. This study provides a scalable method for fabricating high performance flexible supercapacitors from easily available materials for use in wearable and portable electronics. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  12. Morphology-controllable synthesis of 3D CoNiO_2 nano-networks as a high-performance positive electrode material for supercapacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Jijun; Chen, Zexiang; Wang, Yan; Li, Hai

    2016-01-01

    Here, we report a novel three-dimensional (3D) assembly of CoNiO_2 nanowire networks using a facile and scalable hydrothermal method followed by an annealing process for supercapacitor applications. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the formation of highly-crystalline CoNiO_2 nano-networks. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed the formation of a 3D interconnected network of CoNiO_2 nanowires during the synthesis. In addition, a formation mechanism for 3D CoNiO_2 nano-networks was proposed. Electrochemical analysis showed a typical pseudocapacitive behavior for the CoNiO_2 nanowire networks. The as-prepared CoNiO_2 electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1462 F g"−"1 (45.32 F cm"−"2) at a current density of 1 A g"−"1 (31 mA cm"−"2) and an excellent rate capability of 1000 F g"−"1 (31 F cm"−"2) at 32 A g"−"1 (992 mA cm"−"2). Moreover, a good cycle stability was achieved at 4 A g"−"1 with no degradation over 800 cycles, indicating the stable 3D structure of CoNiO_2 after the redox reactions. The high rate capability and the good cycle stability indicated that the as-prepared 3D CoNiO_2 electrode could satisfy the needs of supercapacitors with both high power and energy densities. - Highlights: • A three-dimensional (3D) assembly of CoNiO_2 nanowire networks was prepared. • Sodium-p-styrenesulfonate (PSS) plays a key role in forming the structure. • The as-prepared 3D CoNiO_2 electrode exhibits high power and energy densities. • The proposed method is easy to provide an industrial mass production. • The method can be used to fabricate different morphologies of nanomaterials.

  13. Vastly Enhanced BiVO4 Photocatalytic OER Performance by NiCoO2 as Cocatalyst

    KAUST Repository

    Palaniselvam, Thangavelu

    2017-08-07

    Here, a simple and efficient preparation of NiCoO nanoparticle modified nanoporous bismuth vanadate (BiVO) thin film and its application in photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. The role of NiCoO in the composite electrode (BiVO/NiCoO) is twofold: OER cocatalyst and band structure modifier. It improves surface reaction kinetics for PEC OER and enhances charge separation efficiency simultaneously, which is believed to be a determining factor for the unprecedentedly high PEC OER performance of this BiVO/NiCoO nanocomposite. The photocurrent density of 3.6 mA cm at 1.23 V versus RHE in 0.1 m potassium phosphate buffered (pH = 7) electrolyte by BiVO/NiCoO is three times that of BiVO and significantly higher than most literature values. The BiVO/NiCoO nanocomposite shows/possess a high charge separation efficiency (η) of ≈72% as compared to only 23% for pure nanoporous BiVO at 1.23 V versus RHE, which demonstrates convincing role of NiCoO in the composite electrode. Both the excellent photocurrent density and great operational stability of this BiVO/NiCoO nanocomposite makes it a promising photocatalytic material for practical applications.

  14. Preparation and application of PVDF-HFP composite polymer electrolytes in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 lithium-polymer batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Chun-Chen; Lian, Zuo-Yu; Lin, S.J.; Shih, Jeng-Ywan; Chen, Wei-Houng

    2014-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • PVDF-HFP/SBA15 membrane and NCM cathode material were prepared for Li ion battery. • SBA15 fillers can trap more liquid electrolytes to enhance the ionic conductivity. • Modified fillers with functional groups play a key role in reducing impedance. • LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 polymer battery showed excellent electrochemical performance. - Abstract: This study reports the preparation of a composite polymer electrolyte for application in LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 lithium-polymer batteries. Poly(vinylidiene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (denoted as PVDF-HFP) was used as the polymer host and mesoporous modified-silica fillers (denoted as m-SBA15) used as the solid plasticizer were added into the polymer matrix. The characteristic properties of the composite polymer membranes were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an AC impedance method. The discharge capacities of LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 polymer batteries with a PE separator, pure PVDF-HFP polymer membrane, or a PVDF-HFP/10 wt.%m-SBA15 composite at 0.1 C were determined to be 155.5, 159.5, and 198.6 mAh g −1 , respectively. The LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 polymer battery containing the PVDF-HFP/10 wt.%m-SBA15 composite achieved discharge capacities of 194, 170, 161, 150, 129, 115, and 87 mAh g −1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 C, respectively. The lithium-polymer battery demonstrated a high coulomb efficiency of ca. 99%. The PVDF-HFP/m-SBA15 composite membrane is a strong candidate for application in LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 lithium-polymer batteries

  15. In situ preparation of NiS2/CoS2 composite electrocatalytic materials on conductive glass substrates with electronic modulation for high-performance counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Faxin; Wang, Jiali; Zheng, Li; Zhao, Yaqiang; Huang, Niu; Sun, Panpan; Fang, Liang; Wang, Lei; Sun, Xiaohua

    2018-04-01

    The electrocatalytic composite materials of honeycomb structure NiS2 nanosheets loaded with metallic CoS2 nanoparticles are in situ prepared on F doped SnO2 conductive glass (FTO) substrates used as counter electrodes of DSSCs through chemical bath deposition (CBD) and sulfidizing process. Single crystalline NiS2 honeycomb structure array lay a foundation for the large surface area of NiS2/CoS2 composite CEs. The formed NiS2/CoS2 nanointerface modulates electronic structure of composite CEs from the synergetic interactions between CoS2 nanoparticles and NiS2 nanosheets, which dramatically improves the electrocatalytic activity of NiS2/CoS2 composite CEs; Metallic CoS2 nanoparticles covering NiS2 nanosheets electrodes adjusts the electrodes' structure and then reduces the series resistance (Rs) and the Nernst diffusion resistance (Zw) of counter electrodes. The improvement of these areas greatly enhances the electrocatalytic performance of CEs and the short circuit current density (Jsc) and Fill factor (FF) of DSSCs. Impressively, the DSSC based on NiS2/CoS2-0.1 CE shows the best photovoltaic performance with photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 8.22%, which is 24.36% higher than that (6.61%) of the DSSC with Pt CE. And the NiS2/CoS2-0.1 CE also displays a good stability in the iodine based electrolyte. This work indicates that rational construction of composite electrocatalytic materials paves an avenue for high-performance counter electrodes of DSSCs.

  16. NiCo2O4 particles with diamond-shaped hexahedron structure for high-performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Yanfang; Hou, Xiaojuan; Zhang, Zengxing; Hai, Zhenyin; Xu, Hongyan; Cui, Danfeng; Zhuiykov, Serge; Xue, Chenyang

    2018-04-01

    Nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) particles with a diamond-shaped hexahedral porous sheet structure are successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, followed by calcination in one step. NiCo2O4-I and NiCo2O4-II particles are prepared using the same method with different contents of urea (CO(NH2)2) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The different morphologies of the NiCo2O4-I and NiCo2O4-II particles illustrate that CO(NH2)2 and NH4F play an important role in crystal growth. To verify the influence of NH4F and CO(NH2)2 on the morphology of the NiCo2O4 particles, the theory of crystal growth morphology is analyzed. The electrochemical measurements show that NiCo2O4 particles exhibit a high specific capacitance. At a current density of 1.0 mA cm-2, the mass specific capacitances of the NiCo2O4-I and NiCo2O4-II electrodes are 690.75 and 1710.9 F g-1, respectively, in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The specific capacitances of the NiCo2O4-I and NiCo2O4-II electrodes remain ∼95.95% and ∼70.58% of the initial capacitance values after 5000 cycles, respectively. According to the two-electrode test, the NiCo2O4-II//AC asymmetric electrodes exhibited an ultrahigh energy density of 64.67 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 12 kW kg-1, demonstrating its excellent application potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

  17. Co-Production of Ethanol and 1,2-Propanediol via Glycerol Hydrogenolysis Using Ni/Ce–Mg Catalysts: Effects of Catalyst Preparation and Reaction Conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Russel N. Menchavez

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Crude glycerol from biodiesel production is a biobased material capable of co-producing biofuels and chemicals. This study aimed to develop a line of Ni catalysts supported on cerium–magnesium (Ce–Mg to improve the process efficiency of glycerol hydrogenolysis for ethanol and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO. Results showed that catalytic activity was greatly improved by changing the preparation method from impregnation to deposition precipitation (DP, and by adjusting calcination temperatures. Prepared via DP, the catalysts of 25 wt % Ni supported on Ce–Mg (9:1 mol/mol greatly improved the effectiveness in glycerol conversion while maintaining the selectivities to ethanol and 1,2-PDO. Calcination at 350 °C provided the catalysts better selectivities of 15.61% to ethanol and 67.93% to 1,2-PDO. Increases in reaction temperature and time improved the conversion of glycerol and the selectivity to ethanol, but reduced the selectivity to 1,2-PDO. A lower initial water content led to a higher conversion of glycerol, but lower selectivities to ethanol and 1,2-PDO. Higher hydrogen application affected the glycerol conversion rate positively, but the selectivities to ethanol and 1,2-PDO negatively. A comparison to the commercial Raney® Ni catalyst showed that the Ni/Ce–Mg catalyst developed in this study showed a better potential for the selective co-production of ethanol and 1,2-PDO from glycerol hydrogenolysis.

  18. Vastly Enhanced BiVO4 Photocatalytic OER Performance by NiCoO2 as Cocatalyst

    KAUST Repository

    Palaniselvam, Thangavelu; Shi, Le; Mettela, Gangaiah; Anjum, Dalavar H.; Li, Renyan; Katuri, Krishna; Saikaly, Pascal; Wang, Peng

    2017-01-01

    Here, a simple and efficient preparation of NiCoO nanoparticle modified nanoporous bismuth vanadate (BiVO) thin film and its application in photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. The role of Ni

  19. A Study of CO2 Methanation over Ni-Based Catalysts Supported by CNTs with Various Textural Characteristics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanyan Feng

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This work studied the influence of textural characteristics of CNTs on catalytic performance of Ni/CNTs for CO2 methanation. The CNTs supports were prepared by chemical vapor deposition method using Ni/MgO catalysts, and acetonitrile and ethanol were used as carbon sources, respectively. The Ni/CNTs catalysts were prepared via impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR techniques. The results indicated that the textural characteristics of CNTs supports significantly impacted on the catalytic performance of Ni/CNTs. The catalyst Ni/CNTs-E (CNTs using ethanol as carbon source had good reducibility, high specific surface area, and moderate defects, resulting in higher CO2 conversion and CH4 yield, followed by Ni/CNTs-C (commercial CNTs and Ni/CNTs-A (CNTs using acetonitrile as carbon source. Based on Arrhenius formula, activation energies of the catalysts were calculated and were found decreased for Ni/CNTs-A and Ni/CNTs-E.

  20. PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR OF Co PHASES IN B2-ORDERED(Ni,Co)Al COMPOUND

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    W.H. Tian; A.L. Fan; M. Nemoto

    2002-01-01

    The precipitation behavior of Co phases in B2-ordered (Ni, Co)Al has been investigatedin terms of transmission electron microscopy. Fine precipitation off cc-Co occurs in(Ni, Co)Al by aging at temperature over 973K. The orientation relationship betweenthe fcc-Co precipitates and the B2-(Ni, Co)Al matrix follows the Kurdjumow-Sachs(K-S) orientation relation. But when the aging temperature is under 873K the Coprecipitates have a hcp crystal structure. The orientation relationship between thehcp-Co precipitates and the B2-(Ni, Co)Al matrix follows the Burgers orientation re-lation. (Ni, Co)Al is hardened appreciably by the fine precipitation of both the fcc-Coand hcp-Co phases. The temperature dependence of the yield strength of precipitate-containing B2-ordered (Ni, Co)Al was investigated by compression tests over the rangeof 298-1273K. The fine precipitation of Co phases enhances greatly the low and in-termediate temperature yield strength. When the deformation temperature was over873K, the strength of precipitate-containing (Ni, Co)Al is comparable to ternary dual-phase (Ni, Co)Al+Ni3Al alloy.

  1. Densities of molten Ni-(Cr, Co, W) superalloys

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    XIAO Feng; YANG Ren-hui; FANG Liang; LIU Lan-xiao; ZHAO Hong-kai

    2008-01-01

    In order to obtain more accurate density for molten Ni-(Cr, Co, W) binary alloy, the densities of molten pure Ni and Ni-Cr, Ni-Co, Ni-W alloys were measured with a sessile drop method. It is found that the measured densities of molten pure Ni and Ni-Cr, Ni-Co, Ni-W alloys decrease with increasing temperature in the experimental temperature range. The density of alloys increases with increasing W and Co concentrations while it decreases with increasing Cr concentration in the alloy at 1 773-1 873 K. The molar volume of Ni-based alloys increases with increasing W concentration while it decreases with increasing Co concentration. The effect of Cr concentration on the molar volume of the alloy is little in the studied concentration range. The accommodation among atomic species was analyzed. The deviation of molar volume from ideal mixing shows an ideal mixing of Ni-(Cr, Co, W) binary alloys.

  2. Steam Reforming of Ethylene Glycol over Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts: Effect of the Preparation Method and Reduction Temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Choi, Dong Hyuck; Park, Jung Eun; Park, Eun Duck

    2015-01-01

    The effect of preparation method on the catalytic activities of the Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts on steam reforming of ethylene glycol was investigated. The catalysts were prepared with various preparation methods such as an incipient wetness impregnation, wet impregnation, and coprecipitation method. In the case of coprecipitation method, various precipitants such as KOH, K 2 CO 3 , and NH 4 OH were compared. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using N 2 physisorption, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, pulsed H 2 chemisorption, temperature-programmed oxidation, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Among the catalysts reduced at 773 K, the Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst prepared by a coprecipitation with KOH or K 2 CO 3 as precipitants showed the best catalytic performance. The preparation method affected the particle size of Ni, reducibility of nickel oxides, catalytic performance (activity and stability), and types of coke formed during the reaction. The Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst prepared by a coprecipitation with KOH showed the increasing catalytic activity with an increase in the reduction temperature from 773 to 1173 K because of an increase in the reduction degree of Ni oxide species even though the particle size of Ni increased with increasing reduction temperature

  3. 3D hierarchical dandelion-like NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}/N-doped carbon/Ni foam for an effective binder-free supercapacitor electrode

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu, Xiaoyang; Hong, Wei; Zhao, Huilin; Song, Yahui; Qiu, Haixia, E-mail: haixiaqiuls@163.com; Gao, Jianping

    2017-01-15

    In this work, the 3D hierarchical dandelion-like NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}/N-doped carbon/Ni foam has been developed by introducing PANI as the precursor of N-doped carbon. Meanwhile, the NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}/N-doped carbon/Ni foam with a novel 3D hierarchical dandelion-like structure was verified by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, etc. In addition, the NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}/N-doped carbon/Ni foam was directly used as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode and its performances were investigated by cycle voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the obtained NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}/N-doped carbon/Ni foam electrode owns good electrochemical performances, such as high specific capacitance (864 F/g at 1 A/g) and good cycling stability, owing to the porous feature from its novel 3D hierarchical dandelion-like structure. - Highlights: • The 3D hierarchical dandelion-like NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}/N-doped carbon/Ni foam was prepared. • It can be directly used as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode. • It owns good electrochemical performances.

  4. Hierarchical core-shell NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 nanowires grown on carbon cloth as integrated electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Liang; Zhang, Wei; Xiang, Jinwei; Xu, Henghui; Li, Guolong; Huang, Yunhui

    2016-08-01

    Hierarchical core-shell NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 nanowires were grown on carbon cloth (CC@NiCo2O4@NiMoO4) by a two-step hydrothermal route to fabricate a flexible binder-free electrode. The prepared CC@NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 integrated electrode was directly used as an electrode for faradaic supercapacitor. It shows a high areal capacitance of 2.917 F cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 and excellent cycling stability with 90.6% retention over 2000 cycles at a high current density of 20 mA cm-2. The superior specific capacitance, rate and cycling performance can be ascribed to the fast transferring path for electrons and ions, synergic effect and the stability of the hierarchical core-shell structure.

  5. Ni(0-CMC-Na Nickel Colloids in Sodium Carboxymethyl-Cellulose: Catalytic Evaluation in Hydrogenation Reactions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdallah Karim

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available A recyclable catalyst, Ni(0-CMC-Na, composed of nickel colloids dispersed in a water soluble bioorganic polymer, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na, was synthesized by a simple procedure from readily available reagents. The catalyst thus obtained is stable and highly active in alkene hydrogenations.

  6. Influence of the preparation method on the morphology of templated NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cabo, Moises; Pellicer, Eva, E-mail: eva.pellicer.icn@uab.cat; Rossinyol, Emma; Solsona, Pau [Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Departament de Fisica, Facultat de Ciencies (Spain); Castell, Onofre [Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Servei de Microscopia, Facultat de Ciencies (Spain); Surinach, Santiago; Baro, Maria Dolors [Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Departament de Fisica, Facultat de Ciencies (Spain)

    2011-09-15

    The synthesis of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel by several nanocasting strategies (i.e., multi-step nanocasting, one-step nanocasting and soft-templating), in which nickel and cobalt nitrates are used as precursors and Pluronic P123 as surfactant, is explored. First, in the multi-step nanocasting, the effect of the impregnation method (evaporation, solid-liquid and two-solvent) of the SBA-15 silica template on the morphology of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} replica is investigated. The evaporation method seems to be the best choice to obtain mesoporous NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} powder which, after calcination at 375 Degree-Sign C and subsequent template removal, displays the highest surface area (93.1 m{sup 2}/g). We have also checked the feasibility of the one-step nanoscating approach for the synthesis of ordered NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} arrays, though this methodology entails severe difficulties, mainly related to the different decomposition temperature of the nitrate precursors and the P123 surfactant. Finally, randomly oriented, aggregated NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles are obtained by means of P123 surfactant-assisted soft-templating approach.

  7. FeCoNi coated glass fibers in composite sheets for electromagnetic absorption and shielding behaviors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Joonsik; Jung, Byung Mun; Lee, Sang Bok; Lee, Sang Kwan; Kim, Ki Hyeon

    2017-09-01

    To evaluate the electromagnetic (EM) absorption and shield of magnetic composite sheet, we prepared the FeCoNi coated glass fibers filled in composite sheet. The FeCoNi was coated by electroless plating on glass fiber as a filler. The coated FeCoNi found that consist of mixtures of bcc and fcc phase. The magnetization and coercivity of coated FeCoNi are about 110 emu/g and 57 Oe, respectively. The permittivity and permeability of the FeCoNi composite sheet were about 21 and 1, respectively. Power absorption increased 95% with the increment of frequency up to 10 GHz. Inter-decoupling of this composite sheet showed maximum 30 dB at around 5.3 GHz, which is comparable to that of a conductive Cu foil. Shielding effectiveness (SE) was measured by using rectangular waveguide method. SE of composite obtained about 37 dB at X-band frequency region.

  8. Observation particle morphology of colloidal system by conventional SEM with an improved specimen preparation technique.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Jing; Hou, Zhaosheng; Yuan, Xiaojiao; Guo, Hong

    2011-08-01

    On the basis of our previous report that polymer emulsion with different viscosity can be investigated by conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we have developed an improved specimen preparation technique for obtaining particle morphology and size of colloidal silver, collagen, glutin, and polymer microspheres. In this study, we expect to provide a means for charactering the three-dimensional surface microstructure of colloidal particles. Dilution of the samples with appropriate volatile solvent like ethanol is effective for SEM specimen preparation. At a proper ratio between sample and ethanol, the colloidal particles are dispersed uniformly in ethanol and then deposited evenly on the substrate. Different drying methods are studied to search a proper drying condition, in which the small molecule solvent is removed without destroying the natural particle morphology. And the effects of ethanol in the specimen preparation process are described by analyzing the physicochemical properties of ethanol. The specimen preparation technique is simple and can be achieved in common laboratory for charactering the particle morphology of colloidal system. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  9. Ni@Ru and NiCo@Ru Core-Shell Hexagonal Nanosandwiches with a Compositionally Tunable Core and a Regioselectively Grown Shell.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hwang, Hyeyoun; Kwon, Taehyun; Kim, Ho Young; Park, Jongsik; Oh, Aram; Kim, Byeongyoon; Baik, Hionsuck; Joo, Sang Hoon; Lee, Kwangyeol

    2018-01-01

    The development of highly active electrocatalysts is crucial for the advancement of renewable energy conversion devices. The design of core-shell nanoparticle catalysts represents a promising approach to boost catalytic activity as well as save the use of expensive precious metals. Here, a simple, one-step synthetic route is reported to prepare hexagonal nanosandwich-shaped Ni@Ru core-shell nanoparticles (Ni@Ru HNS), in which Ru shell layers are overgrown in a regioselective manner on the top and bottom, and around the center section of a hexagonal Ni nanoplate core. Notably, the synthesis can be extended to NiCo@Ru core-shell nanoparticles with tunable core compositions (Ni 3 Co x @Ru HNS). Core-shell HNS structures show superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to a commercial RuO 2 black catalyst, with their OER activity being dependent on their core compositions. The observed trend in OER activity is correlated to the population of Ru oxide (Ru 4+ ) species, which can be modulated by the core compositions. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  10. Characterization and corrosion behaviour of CoNi alloys obtained by mechanical alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Olvera, S.; Sánchez-Marcos, J.; Palomares, F.J.; Salas, E.; Arce, E.M.; Herrasti, P.

    2014-01-01

    CoNi alloys including Co 30 Ni 70 , Co 50 Ni 50 and Co 70 Ni 30 were prepared via mechanical alloying using Co and Ni powders. The crystallinity and short-range order were studied using X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the milling process increases the number of vacancies, especially around the Co atoms, while the milling time decreases the crystalline size and enhances the crystallinity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterise the chemical composition of the samples surface. The magnetic properties were analysed using zero-field cooling, field cooling and a magnetic hysteresis loops. The magnetic saturation moment is approximately 1.05 μ B /atom; this value decreases with the mechanical alloying time, and it is proportional to the cobalt concentration. The polarization and impedance curves in different media (NaCl, H 2 SO 4 and NaOH) showed similar corrosion resistance values. The corrosion resistance increased in the order NaCl, H 2 SO 4 and NaOH. A good passivation layer was formed in NaOH due to the cobalt and nickel oxides on the particle surfaces. - Highlights: • Ni x Co 100-x alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying • Milling time decrease size and enhances crystallinity. • Oxygen is not present in a significant percentage in bulk but is detected on the surface. • Magnetic saturation moment is 1.05 mB/atom and decrease with mechanical allowing time • Corrosion resistance is higher in NaOH than in NaCl or HCl solutions

  11. Hierarchical Heterostructures of NiCo2O4@XMoO4 (X = Ni, Co) as an Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Jiyu; Qian, Feng; Song, Guosheng; Wang, Linlin

    2016-12-01

    Hierarchical heterostructures of NiCo2O4@XMoO4 (X = Ni, Co) were developed as an electrode material for supercapacitor with improved pseudocapacitive performance. Within these hierarchical heterostructures, the mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays directly grown on the Ni foam can not only act as an excellent pseudocapacitive material but also serve as a hierarchical scaffold for growing NiMoO4 or CoMoO4 electroactive materials (nanosheets). The electrode made of NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 presented a highest areal capacitance of 3.74 F/cm(2) at 2 mA/cm(2), which was much higher than the electrodes made of NiCo2O4@CoMoO4 (2.452 F/cm(2)) and NiCo2O4 (0.456 F/cm(2)), respectively. Meanwhile, the NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 electrode exhibited good rate capability. It suggested the potential of the hierarchical heterostructures of NiCo2O4@CoMoO4 as an electrode material in supercapacitors.

  12. The effect of Co content on the structure and the magnetic properties of Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x} nanotubes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu, Qin [Department of Applied Physics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401 (China); Wang, Zhi-Jun [Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical Vocational Technology College, Shijiazhuang 050026 (China); Wang, Yong-Guo [Department of Public Foundation, Tianjin Youth Professional College, Tianjin 300350 (China); Sun, Hui-Yuan, E-mail: huiyuansun@126.com [College of Physics Science & Information Engineering, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024 (China)

    2016-12-01

    Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x} (x=0–0.5) nanotube arrays with different component contents were prepared by Electrodeposition Method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement indicates that low Co content (x≤0.5) does not change their crystal structure. The direction of easy magnetization changes from being parallel with to being perpendicular to the direction of the nanotube axes, with Co content increasing from 0 to 0.5. This study suggests that the drastic change of magnetic anisotropy is attributed to the competition between the shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. - Highlights: • Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1–x}(x=0~0.5) nanotube arrays were prepared by a DC electrodeposition method. • The direction of easy magnetization changes with Co content increasing. • It suggests that the competition between shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies.

  13. Preparation and Study of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials Comprised of Ni-Co Coated on Web-Like Biocarbon Nanofibers via Electroless Deposition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaohu Huang

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Electromagnetic interference (EMI shielding materials made of Ni-Co coated on web-like biocarbon nanofibers were successfully prepared by electroless plating. Biocarbon nanofibers (CF with a novel web-like structure comprised of entangled and interconnected carbon nanoribbons were obtained using bacterial cellulose pyrolyzed at 1200°C. Paraffin wax matrix composites filled with different loadings (10, 20, and 30 wt%, resp. of CF and Ni-Co coated CF (NCCF were prepared. The electrical conductivities and electromagnetic parameters of the composites were investigated by the four-probe method and vector network analysis. From these results, the EMI shielding efficiencies (SE of NCCF composites were shown to be significantly higher than that of CF at the same mass fraction. The paraffin wax composites containing 30 wt% NCCF showed the highest EMI SE of 41.2 dB (99.99% attenuation, which are attributed to the higher electrical conductivity and permittivity of the NCCF composites than the CF composites. Additionally, EMI SE increased with an increase in CF and NCCF loading and the absorption was determined to be the primary factor governing EMI shielding. This study conclusively reveals that NCCF composites have potential applications as EMI shielding materials.

  14. CO2 activation on bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalie Austin

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the structural, electronic, and CO2 adsorption properties of 55-atom bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles (NPs in core-shell and decorated architectures, as well as of their monometallic counterparts. Our results revealed that with respect to the monometallic Cu55 and Ni55 parents, the formation of decorated Cu12Ni43 and core-shell Cu42Ni13 are energetically favorable. We found that CO2 chemisorbs on monometallic Ni55, core-shell Cu13Ni42, and decorated Cu12Ni43 and Cu43Ni12, whereas, it physisorbs on monometallic Cu55 and core-shell Cu42Ni13. The presence of surface Ni on the NPs is key in strongly adsorbing and activating the CO2 molecule (linear to bent transition and elongation of C˭O bonds. This activation occurs through a charge transfer from the NPs to the CO2 molecule, where the local metal d-orbital density localization on surface Ni plays a pivotal role. This work identifies insightful structure-property relationships for CO2 activation and highlights the importance of keeping a balance between NP stability and CO2 adsorption behavior in designing catalytic bimetallic NPs that activate CO2.

  15. Effect of Silicon Nitride Incorporation on Microstructure and Hardness of Ni-Co Metal Matrix Nanocomposite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ridwan

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Ni-Co-Si3N4 nanocomposite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition technique. The deposition was performed at 50 mA cm-2 on copper substrate. The working temperature of electrodepostion was constant at 500C in an acidic environment of pH 4. The effects of silicon in the nickel-cobalt metal matrix composite were investigated. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to determine the composition. The Co content in the coatings is in the range 27-49 at.%. The phase present in the Ni-Co-Si3N4 were examined with an X-ray diffraction analysis. All the reflection patterns indicate that the coatings are having face-centered cubic (fcc structure. The microhardness of the Ni-Co-Si3N4 nanocomposite coating increases with increasing silicon content. The microhardness of the Ni-Co-Si3N4 nanocomposite coating increased from 549 HV for Nickel-cobalt alloy coating to 641 HV for Ni-Co-Si3N4 nanocomposite coating with 5.47 at.% Si.

  16. Characterization of corrosion resistant on NiCoCr coating layer exposed to 5%NaCl

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sugiarti, E.; Sundawa, R.; Desiati, R. D.; Zaini, K. A.

    2018-03-01

    Highly corrosion resistant of carbon steel coated NiCoCr was applied in corrosive of marine environtment. Carbon steel coated NiCoCr was prepared by a two step technique of NiCo electro-deposition and Cr pack cementation. The samples were exposed to 5 wt.% NaCl for 48 and 168 hours. The microstructure and corrosion product were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated NiCoCr was found to be better than that of carbon steel substrate without coating. The results showed the microstructure of 48 h corroded sample has duplex layer composed of inner α-(Ni,Co), α-Cr and outer Cr2O3, while a quite thin and continues protective oxide of Cr2O3 was observed in outer layer of 168 h corroded sample. The formation of oxide scale rich in Cr2O3 has contributed for the better corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated NiCoCr, whereas the formation of non protective oxide of iron might caused low corrosion resistance of carbon steel substrate.

  17. Facile synthesis of hybrid CNTs/NiCo2S4 composite for high performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Delong; Gong, Youning; Pan, Chunxu

    2016-07-01

    In this work, a novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/NiCo2S4 composite for high performance supercapacitors was prepared via a simple chemical bath deposition combined with a post-anion exchange reaction. The morphologies and phase structures of the composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-temperature sorption of nitrogen (BET). The electro-chemical tests revealed that the CNT/NiCo2S4 composite exhibited high electrochemical performance, because the CNTs were used as a conductive network for the NiCo2S4 hexagonal nanoplates. Compared with pure NiCo2S4 and the mechanically mixed CNTs/NiCo2S4 composite, the CNTs/NiCo2S4 composite electrode material exhibited excellent supercapacitive performance, such as a high specific capacitance up to 1537 F/g (discharge current density of 1 A/g) and an outstanding rate capability of 78.1% retention as the discharge current density increased to 100 A/g. It is therefore expected to be a promising alternative material in the area of energy storage.

  18. Facile synthesis of hybrid CNTs/NiCo2S4 composite for high performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Delong; Gong, Youning; Pan, Chunxu

    2016-07-11

    In this work, a novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/NiCo2S4 composite for high performance supercapacitors was prepared via a simple chemical bath deposition combined with a post-anion exchange reaction. The morphologies and phase structures of the composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-temperature sorption of nitrogen (BET). The electro-chemical tests revealed that the CNT/NiCo2S4 composite exhibited high electrochemical performance, because the CNTs were used as a conductive network for the NiCo2S4 hexagonal nanoplates. Compared with pure NiCo2S4 and the mechanically mixed CNTs/NiCo2S4 composite, the CNTs/NiCo2S4 composite electrode material exhibited excellent supercapacitive performance, such as a high specific capacitance up to 1537 F/g (discharge current density of 1 A/g) and an outstanding rate capability of 78.1% retention as the discharge current density increased to 100 A/g. It is therefore expected to be a promising alternative material in the area of energy storage.

  19. Morphology, optical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni nanoparticles in a-C:H prepared by co-deposition of RF-sputtering and RF-PECVD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ghodselahi, T., E-mail: ghodselahi@ipm.ir [School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Vesaghi, M.A. [School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Gelali, A.; Zahrabi, H.; Solaymani, S. [Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2011-11-01

    We report optical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni nanoparticles in hydrogenated amorphous carbon (Cu-Ni NPs - a-C:H) with different surface morphology. Ni NPs with layer thicknesses of 5, 10 and 15 nm over Cu NPs - a-C:H were prepared by co-deposition of RF-sputtering and RF-Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RF-PECVD) from acetylene gas and Cu and Ni targets. A nonmetal-metal transition was observed as the thickness of Ni over layer increases. The surface morphology of the sample was described by a two dimensional (2D) Gaussian self-affine fractal, except the sample with 10 nm thickness of Ni over layer, which is in the nonmetal-metal transition region. X-ray diffraction profile indicates that Cu NPs and Ni NPs with fcc crystalline structure are formed in these films. Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) peak of Cu NPs is observed around 600 nm in visible spectra, which is widen and shifted to lower wavelengths as the thickness of Ni over layer increases. The variation of LSPR peak width correlates with conductivity variation of these bilayers. We assign both effects to surface electron delocalization of Cu NPs.

  20. Microstructure evolution during annealing of TiAl/NiCoCrAl multilayer composite prepared by EB-PVD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Rubing, E-mail: zrb86411680@126.com [Department of Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044 (China); Zhang, Deming [Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Beijing 100044 (China); Chen, Guiqing [Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Wang, Yuesheng [Department of Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044 (China)

    2014-07-01

    TiAl/NiCoCrAl laminate composite sheet with a thickness of 0.4–0.6 mm as well as a dimension of 150 mm × 100 mm was fabricated successfully by using electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) method. The annealing treatment was processed at 1123 and 1323 K for 3 h in a high vacuum atmosphere, respectively. The phase composition and microstructure of TiAl/NiCoCrAl microlaminated sheet have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on the sheet characterization and results of the microstructure evolution during annealing treatment process, the diffusion mechanism of interfacial reaction in TiAl/NiCoCrAl microlaminate was investigated and discussed.

  1. Synthesis and characterization of NiCo_2O_4 nanoplates as efficient electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Taehyun; Ramadoss, Ananthakumar; Saravanakumar, Balasubramaniam; Veerasubramani, Ganesh Kumar; Kim, Sang Jae

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • NiCo_2O_4 nanoplates were synthesized through a facile approach. • The NiCo_2O_4 nanoplates electrode material exhibit a specific capacitance of 332 F g"−"1 at 5 mV s"−"1. • The fabricated NiCo_2O_4 electrode reveals 86% retention of initial capacitance after 2000 cycles. - Abstract: In the present work, NiCo_2O_4 nanoplates were prepared by a facile, low temperature, hydrothermal method, followed by thermal annealing and used supercapacitor applications. The physico-chemical characterization of as-prepared materials were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the NiCo_2O_4 nanoplates electrode (NC-5) exhibits a high specific capacitance of 332 F g"−"1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s"−"1 and also retained about 86% of the initial specific capacitance value even after 2000 cycles at a current density of 2.5 A g"−"1. These results suggest that the fabricated electrode material has huge potential as a novel electrode material for electrochemical capacitors.

  2. Investigation of phase stability of novel equiatomic FeCoNiCuZn based-high entropy alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soni, Vinay Kumar; Sanyal, S.; Sinha, S. K.

    2018-05-01

    The present work reports the structural and phase stability analysis of equiatomic FeCoNiCuZn High entropy alloy (HEA) systems prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) method. In this research effort some 1287 alloy combinations were extensively studied to arrive at most favourable combination. FeCoNiCuZn based alloy system was selected on the basis of physiochemical parameters such as enthalpy of mixing (ΔHmix), entropy of mixing (ΔSmix), atomic size difference (ΔX) and valence electron concentration (VEC) such that it fulfils the formation criteria of stable multi component high entropy alloy system. In this context, we have investigated the effect of novel alloying addition in view of microstructure and phase formation aspect. XRD plots of the MA samples shows the formation of stable solid solution with FCC (Face Cantered Cubic) after 20 hr of milling time and no indication of any amorphous or intermetallic phase formation. Our results are in good agreement with calculation and analysis done on the basis of physiochemical parameters during selection of constituent elements of HEA.

  3. Extraordinary Hall-effect in colloidal magnetic nanoparticle films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ben Gur, Leah; Tirosh, Einat [School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel); Segal, Amir [School of Physics, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel); Markovich, Gil, E-mail: gilmar@post.tau.ac.il [School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel); Gerber, Alexander, E-mail: gerber@post.tau.ac.il [School of Physics, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)

    2017-03-15

    Colloidal nickel nanoparticles (NPs) coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were synthesized. The nanoparticle dispersions were deposited on substrates and dried under mild heating to form conductive films. The films exhibited very small coercivity, nearly metallic conductivity, and a significant extraordinary Hall effect signal. This method could be useful for preparing simple, printed magnetic field sensors with the advantage of relatively high sensitivity around zero magnetic field, in contrast to magnetoresistive sensors, which have maximal field sensitivity away from zero magnetic field. - Highlights: • Ni nanoparticle ink capable of forming conductive films on drying. • The Ni nanoparticle films exhibit significant extraordinary Hall effect. • This system could be used for preparing printed magnetic field sensors integrated in 3D printed structures.

  4. Characterization and corrosion behaviour of CoNi alloys obtained by mechanical alloying

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Olvera, S. [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, México, D. F. (Mexico); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química-Física Aplicada, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Sánchez-Marcos, J. [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química-Física Aplicada, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Palomares, F.J. [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Salas, E. [Spline Spanish CRG Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, ESRF, BP 220-38043, Grenoble Cedex (France); Arce, E.M. [Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, México, D. F. (Mexico); Herrasti, P., E-mail: pilar.herrasti@uam.es [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química-Física Aplicada, 28049 Madrid (Spain)

    2014-07-01

    CoNi alloys including Co{sub 30}Ni{sub 70}, Co{sub 50}Ni{sub 50} and Co{sub 70}Ni{sub 30} were prepared via mechanical alloying using Co and Ni powders. The crystallinity and short-range order were studied using X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the milling process increases the number of vacancies, especially around the Co atoms, while the milling time decreases the crystalline size and enhances the crystallinity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterise the chemical composition of the samples surface. The magnetic properties were analysed using zero-field cooling, field cooling and a magnetic hysteresis loops. The magnetic saturation moment is approximately 1.05 μ{sub B}/atom; this value decreases with the mechanical alloying time, and it is proportional to the cobalt concentration. The polarization and impedance curves in different media (NaCl, H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and NaOH) showed similar corrosion resistance values. The corrosion resistance increased in the order NaCl, H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} and NaOH. A good passivation layer was formed in NaOH due to the cobalt and nickel oxides on the particle surfaces. - Highlights: • Ni{sub x}Co{sub 100-x} alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying • Milling time decrease size and enhances crystallinity. • Oxygen is not present in a significant percentage in bulk but is detected on the surface. • Magnetic saturation moment is 1.05 mB/atom and decrease with mechanical allowing time • Corrosion resistance is higher in NaOH than in NaCl or HCl solutions.

  5. Grimsel colloid exercise

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Degueldre, C.; Longworth, G.; Vilks, P.

    1989-11-01

    The Grimsel Colloid Exercise was an intercomparison exercise which consisted of an in situ sampling phase followed by a colloid characterisation step. The goal of this benchmark exercise, which involved 12 laboratories, was to evaluate both sampling and characterisation techniques with emphasis on the colloid specific size distribution. The sampling phase took place at the Grimsel Test Site between February 1 and 13, 1988 and the participating groups produced colloid samples using the following methods: 1. Cross-flow ultrafiltration with production of membranes loaded with colloids. 2. Tangential diaultrafiltration and production of colloid concentrates. 3. Filtrates produced by each group. 4. Unfiltered water was also collected by PSI in glass bottles, under controlled anaerobic conditions, and by the other sampling groups in various plastic bottles. In addition, on-line monitoring of pH, χ, [O-2] and T of the water and of [O-2] in the atmosphere of the sampling units was carried out routinely. All samples were shipped according to the CoCo Club scheme for characterisation, with emphasis on the size distribution. The exercise differentiates the colloid samples produced on site from those obtained after transfer of the fluid samples to the laboratories. The colloid concentration and size distribution can be determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gravimetry (GRAV), chemical analysis of fluid samples after micro/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) and by transmission single particle counting (PC). The colloid concentration can also be evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), static and dynamic light scattering (SLS,DLS) and by laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS). The results are discussed on the basis of the detection limit, lateral resolution and counting conditions of the technique (precision) as well as sample preparation, artefact production and measurement optimisation (accuracy). A good agreement between size distribution results was

  6. Automated preparation method for colloidal crystal arrays of monodisperse and binary colloid mixtures by contact printing with a pintool plotter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burkert, Klaus; Neumann, Thomas; Wang, Jianjun; Jonas, Ulrich; Knoll, Wolfgang; Ottleben, Holger

    2007-03-13

    Photonic crystals and photonic band gap materials with periodic variation of the dielectric constant in the submicrometer range exhibit unique optical properties such as opalescence, optical stop bands, and photonic band gaps. As such, they represent attractive materials for the active elements in sensor arrays. Colloidal crystals, which are 3D gratings leading to Bragg diffraction, are one potential precursor of such optical materials. They have gained particular interest in many technological areas as a result of their specific properties and ease of fabrication. Although basic techniques for the preparation of regular patterns of colloidal crystals on structured substrates by self-assembly of mesoscopic particles are known, the efficient fabrication of colloidal crystal arrays by simple contact printing has not yet been reported. In this article, we present a spotting technique used to produce a microarray comprising up to 9600 single addressable sensor fields of colloidal crystal structures with dimensions down to 100 mum on a microfabricated substrate in different formats. Both monodisperse colloidal crystals and binary colloidal crystal systems were prepared by contact printing of polystyrene particles in aqueous suspension. The array morphology was characterized by optical light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed regularly ordered crystalline structures for both systems. In the case of binary crystals, the influence of the concentration ratio of the large and small particles in the printing suspension on the obtained crystal structure was investigated. The optical properties of the colloidal crystal arrays were characterized by reflection spectroscopy. To examine the stop bands of the colloidal crystal arrays in a high-throughput fashion, an optical setup based on a CCD camera was realized that allowed the simultaneous readout of all of the reflection spectra of several thousand sensor fields per array in parallel. In agreement with

  7. Enhancement of the coercivity in Co-Ni layered double hydroxides by increasing basal spacing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Cuijuan; Tsuboi, Tomoya; Namba, Hiroaki; Einaga, Yasuaki; Yamamoto, Takashi

    2016-09-14

    The magnetic properties of layered double hydroxides (LDH) containing transition metal ions can still develop, compared with layered metal hydroxide salts which exhibit structure-dependent magnetism. In this article, we report the preparation of a hybrid magnet composed of Co-Ni LDH and n-alkylsulfonate anions (Co-Ni-CnSO3 LDH). As Co-Ni LDH is anion-exchangeable, we can systematically control the interlayer spacing by intercalating n-alkylsulfonates with different carbon numbers. The magnetic properties were examined with temperature- and field-dependent magnetization measurements. As a result, we have revealed that the coercive field depends on the basal spacing. It is suggested that increasing the basal spacing varies the competition between the in-plane superexchange interactions and long-range out-of-plane dipolar interactions. Moreover, a jump in the coercive field at around 20 Å of the basal spacing is assumed to be the modification of the magnetic ordering in Co-Ni-CnSO3 LDH.

  8. Unusual Co moment reduction in the NiCoO/Co exchange bias system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brueck, S. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart (Germany)]. E-mail: brueck@mf.mpg.de; Goering, E. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart (Germany); Tang, Y.J. [Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0401 (United States); Schuetz, G. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart (Germany); Berkowitz, A.E. [Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0401 (United States); Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0401 (United States)

    2007-03-15

    To answer the question on how the explicit mechanism of coupling in the antiferromagnetic alloy NiCoO is established when in close contact to a ferromagnetic Co layer, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements have been performed. Precise XMCD spectra at the L{sub 2,3}-edge of Ni as well as Co have been obtained at room temperature and at 80K by measuring total electron yield X-ray absorption spectra. The Ni XMCD clearly shows the existence of free, rotatable magnetic Ni moments in the antiferromagnet. As for the Co, XMCD at room temperature shows an average magnetic moment comparable to bulk values. Cooling the sample to 80K decreases the average Co moment by 10%. This decrease is explained by a reduction of ferromagnetic cobalt moments related to antiferromagnetic coupling or pinning close to the interface.

  9. Electrodeposited binder-free NiCo2O4@carbon nanofiber as a high performance anode for lithium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jie; Chu, Ruixia; Chen, Yanli; Jiang, Heng; Zhang, Ying; Huang, Nay Ming; Guo, Hang

    2018-03-01

    Binder-free nickel cobaltite on a carbon nanofiber (NiCo2O4@CNF) anode for lithium ion batteries was prepared via a two-step procedure of electrospinning and electrodeposition. The CNF was obtained by annealing electrospun poly-acrylonitrile (PAN) in nitrogen (N2). The NiCo2O4 nanostructures were then grown on the CNF by electrodeposition, followed by annealing in air. Experimental results showed that vertically aligned NiCo2O4 nanosheets had uniformly grown on the surface of the CNF, forming an interconnected network. The NiCo2O4@CNF possessed considerable lithium storage capacity and cycling stability. It exhibited a high reversible capacity of 778 mAhg-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.25 C (1 C = 890 mAg-1) with an average capacity loss rate of 0.05% per cycle. The NiCo2O4@CNF had considerable rate capacities, delivering a capacity of 350 mAhg-1 at a current density of 2.0 C. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be mainly attributed to the following: (1) The nanoscale structure of NiCo2O4 could not only shorten the diffusion path of lithium ions and electrons but also increase the specific surface area, providing more active sites for electrochemical reactions. (2) The CNF with considerable mechanical strength and electrical conductivity could function as an anchor for the NiCo2O4 nanostructure and ensure an efficient electron transfer. (3) The porous structure resulted in a high specific surface area and an effective buffer for the volume changes during the repeated charge-discharge processes. Compared with a conventional hydrothermal method, electrodeposition could significantly simplify the preparation of NiCo2O4, with a shorter preparation period and lower energy consumption. This work provides an alternative strategy to obtain a high performance anode for lithium ion batteries.

  10. Biperiodic oscillatory coupling with the thickness of an embedded Ni layer in Co/Cu/Co/Ni/Co (100) and selection rules for the periods

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Vries, J.J.; Vorst, van de M.T.H.; Johnson, M.T.; Jungblut, R.; Reinders, A.; Bloemen, P.J.H.; Coehoorn, R.; Jonge, de W.J.M.

    1996-01-01

    A biperiodic oscillation of the strength of the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling as a function of the thickness of an embedded Ni layer has been observed in an epitaxial Cu(100)/Co/Cu/Co/Ni/Co sample with the Cu interlayer and the Ni layer in the form of wedges. As the effect originates from

  11. The effects of Ni substitution on the magnetic properties of as-cast and annealed Fe-Co amorphous alloy wires

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pinitsoontorn, S.; Badini Confalonieri, G.A..; Davies, H.A.; Gibbs, M.R.J.

    2005-01-01

    Amorphous alloy wires of composition (Co x Fe y Ni z ) 72.5 Si 12.5 B 15 , with Ni substituted for both Co and Fe, were prepared by the rotating water bath chill cast technique. The maximum Ni content that can be substituted in order to cast amorphous wire is reported. The effects of Ni addition on the hysteresis loop parameters and the major magnetic properties of the as-cast wire are reported

  12. Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared from deep-eutectic-solvent-based plating baths

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Takeshi Yanai

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available We fabricated soft magnetic films from DES-based plating baths, and investigated magnetic properties of the plated films. The plating baths were obtained by stirring the mixture of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, FeCl2 ⋅ 4H2O, NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O. The composition of the electroplated film depended on the amount of the reagent in the plating bath, and we consequently obtained the films with various composition. The current efficiency of the plating process shows high values (> 88 % in the wide composition range. The soft magnetic films with low coercivity were obtained at the Fe compositions of ≈ 30 at.% and > 80 at.%, and we found that low coercivity could be realized by the control of the film composition. We also found that the Fe-rich films prepared from DES-based plating bath have some advantages as a soft magnetic phase for a nanocomposite magnet due to their high saturation magnetization and very fine crystal structure.

  13. A Study of CO2 Methanation over Ni-Based Catalysts Supported by CNTs with Various Textural Characteristics

    OpenAIRE

    Yanyan Feng; Wen Yang; Wei Chu

    2015-01-01

    This work studied the influence of textural characteristics of CNTs on catalytic performance of Ni/CNTs for CO2 methanation. The CNTs supports were prepared by chemical vapor deposition method using Ni/MgO catalysts, and acetonitrile and ethanol were used as carbon sources, respectively. The Ni/CNTs catalysts were prepared via impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) techniques. The results indica...

  14. Synthesis and characterization of Co and Mn doped NiO nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vallalperuman, Kaliyan; Parthibavarman, Mathivanan; Sathishkumar, Sekar; Durairaj, Manickam [Mahendra Engineering College, Tiruchengode (India); Thavamani, Kuppusamy [AVS Technical Campus,, Salem (India)

    2014-04-15

    Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are intensively studied for their potential spintronics applications, especially those with Curie temperature above the room temperature. Ni{sub 1-x}Mn{sub x}O and Ni{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}O (x=1% and 2%), nanoparticles with size around 40-50 nm, were prepared by co-precipitation method. An NiO single phase structure was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Also, diffraction peaks show a systematic shift towards higher angle with an increase in Mn concentration, which is associated with the lattice variation. The samples were pelleted and examined for its magnetic property using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM); it indicates paramagnetic-like behavior at room temperature. The increase in a.c conductivity with increasing temperature is attributed to the increase in drift mobility of the charge carriers.

  15. Construction of Core-Shell NiMoO4@Ni-Co-S Nanorods as Advanced Electrodes for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Chao; Yan, Dan; Luo, Xin; Gao, Wenjia; Huang, Guanjie; Han, Ziwu; Zeng, Yan; Zhu, Zhihong

    2018-02-07

    In this work, hierarchical core-shell NiMoO 4 @Ni-Co-S nanorods were first successfully grown on nickel foam by a facile two-step method to fabricate a bind-free electrode. The well-aligned electrode wrapped by Ni-Co-S nanosheets displays excellent nanostructural properties and outstanding electrochemical performance, owing to the synergistic effects of both nickel molybdenum oxides and nickel cobalt sulfides. The prepared core-shell nanorods in a three-electrode cell yielded a high specific capacitance of 2.27 F cm -2 (1892 F g -1 ) at a current density of 5 mA cm -2 and retained 91.7% of the specific capacitance even after 6000 cycles. Their electrochemical performance was further investigated for their use as positive electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors. Notably, the energy density of the asymmetric supercapacitor device reached 2.45 mWh cm -3 at a power density of 0.131 W cm -3 , and still retained a remarkable 80.3% of the specific capacitance after 3500 cycles. There is great potential for the electrode composed of the core-shell NiMoO 4 @Ni-Co-S nanorods for use in an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device.

  16. Measurement and analyses of molten Ni-Co alloy density

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    XIAO Feng; K. MUKAI; FANG Liang; FU Ya; YANG Ren-hui

    2006-01-01

    With the advent of powerful mathematical modeling techniques for material phenomena, there is renewed interest in reliable data for the density of the Ni-based superalloys. Up to now, there has been few report on the density of molten Ni-Co alloy.In order to obtain more accurate density data for molten Ni-Co alloy, the density of molten Ni-Co alloy was measured with a modified sessile drop method, and the accommodation of different atoms in molten Ni-Co alloy was analyzed. The density of alloy is found to decrease with increasing temperature and Co concentration in the alloy. The molar volume of molten Ni-Co alloy increases with increasing Co concentration. The molar volume of Ni-Co alloy determined shows a positive deviation from the linear molar volume, and the deviation of molar volume from ideal mixing increases with increasing Co concentration over the experimental concentration range.

  17. Microstructure and Wear Behavior of FeCoCrNiMo0.2 High Entropy Coatings Prepared by Air Plasma Spray and the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Processes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tianchen Li

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available In the present research, the spherical FeCoCrNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy (HEA powders with a single FCC solid solution structure were prepared by gas atomization. Subsequently, the FeCoCrNiMo0.2 coatings with a different content of oxide inclusions were prepared by air plasma spraying (APS and high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF, respectively. The microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors of these HEA coatings were investigated. The results showed that both HEA coatings showed a typical lamellar structure with low porosity. Besides the primary FCC phase, a mixture of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and AB2O4 (A = Fe, Co, Ni, and B = Fe, Cr was identified as the oxide inclusions. The oxide content of the APS coating and HVOF coating was calculated to be 47.0% and 12.7%, respectively. The wear resistance of the APS coating was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of the HVOF coating. It was mainly attributed to the self-lubricated effect caused by the oxide films. The mass loss of the APS coating was mainly ascribed to the breakaway of the oxide film, while the main wear mechanism of the HVOF coating was the abrasive wear.

  18. SAE 1045 steel/WC-Co/Ni-Cu-Ni/SAE 1045 steel joints prepared by dynamic diffusion bonding: Microelectrochemical studies in 0.6 M NaCl solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Andreatta, Francesco; Matesanz, Laura; Akita, Adriano H.; Paussa, Luca; Fedrizzi, Lorenzo; Fugivara, Cecilio S.; Gomez de Salazar, Jose M.; Benedetti, Assis V.

    2009-01-01

    Corrosion of SAE 1045 steel/WC-Co/Ni-Cu-Ni/SAE 1045 steel interfaces was investigated in 0.6 M NaCl solution using an electrochemical microcell, which enables local electrochemical characterization at the micrometer scale. Two pieces of steel, one with a WC-Co coating covered with Ni (12 μm) and Cu (5 μm) layers, and the other with a Ni (15 μm) layer, were welded by dynamic diffusion bonding. A WC-Co coating was applied to the steel by the high velocity oxygen-fuel process, and Ni-Cu and Ni layers by electroplating. Polarization curves were recorded using an electrochemical microcell. Different regions of welded samples were investigated, including steel, cermet coating, and steel/cermet and steel/Ni-Cu-Ni/cermet interfaces. Optical and electronic microscopes were employed to study the corroded regions. Potentiodynamic polarization curves obtained using the microcell revealed that the base metal was more susceptible to corrosion than the cermet. In addition, cermet steel/cermet and steel/Ni-Cu-Ni/cermet joints exhibited different breakdown potentials. Steel was strongly corroded in the regions adjacent to the interfaces, while the cermet was less corroded. Iron oxides/hydroxides and chloride salts were the main corrosion products of steel. After removal of the superficial layer of corrosion products, iron oxides were mainly observed. Chloride ions were detected mainly on a copper-enriched layer placed between two Ni-enriched layers.

  19. The LiyNi0.2Mn0.2Co0.6O2 electrode materials: A structural and magnetic study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Labrini, Mohamed; Saadoune, Ismael; Almaggoussi, Abdelmajid; Elhaskouri, Jamal; Amoros, Pedro

    2012-01-01

    Graphical abstract: EPR signal of the Li 0.6 Co 0.6 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 composition showing that Mn 4+ ions are the solely paramagnetic ions in the structure. Highlights: ► LiCo 0.6 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 was prepared by the combustion method with sucrose as a fuel. ► Chemical delithiaition was performed by using NO 2 BF 4 oxidizing agent. ► The rhombohedral symmetry was preserved upon lithium removal. ► Lithium extraction leads to Ni 2+ oxidation to Ni 4+ followed by Co 3+ oxidation. ► The EPR narrow signal of Li 0.6 Co 0.6 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 is due to the only active Mn 4+ ions. -- Abstract: Layered LiNi 0.2 Mn 0.2 Co 0.6 O 2 phase, belonging to a solid solution between LiNi 1/2 Mn 1/2 O 2 and LiCoO 2 most commercialized cathodes, was prepared via the combustion method at 900 °C for a short time (1 h). Structural and magnetic properties of this material during chemical extraction were investigated. The powders adopted the α-NaFeO 2 structure with almost none of the well-known Li/Ni cation disorder. The analysis of the magnetic properties in the paramagnetic domain agrees with the combination of Ni 2+ (S = 1), Co 3+ (S = 0) and Mn 4+ (S = 3/2) spin-only values. X-ray analysis of the chemically delithiated Li y Ni 0.2 Mn 0.2 Co 0.6 O 2 reveals no structural transition. The process of lithium extraction from and insertion into LiNi 0.2 Mn 0.2 Co 0.6 O 2 was discussed on the basis of ex situ EPR experiments and magnetic susceptibility. Oxidation of Ni 2+ (S = 1) to Ni 3+ (S = 1/2) and to Ni 4+ (S = 0) was observed upon lithium removal.

  20. An Approach to Preparing Ni-P with Different Phases for Use as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Dan; Kong, Ling-Bin; Liu, Mao-Cheng; Luo, Yong-Chun; Kang, Long

    2015-12-01

    Herein, we describe a simple two-step approach to prepare nickel phosphide with different phases, such as Ni2 P and Ni5 P4 , to explain the influence of material microstructure and electrical conductivity on electrochemical performance. In this approach, we first prepared a Ni-P precursor through a ball milling process, then controlled the synthesis of either Ni2 P or Ni5 P4 by the annealing method. The as-prepared Ni2 P and Ni5 P4 are investigated as supercapacitor electrode materials for potential energy storage applications. The Ni2 P exhibits a high specific capacitance of 843.25 F g(-1) , whereas the specific capacitance of Ni5 P4 is 801.5 F g(-1) . Ni2 P possesses better cycle stability and rate capability than Ni5 P4 . In addition, the Fe2 O3 //Ni2 P supercapacitor displays a high energy density of 35.5 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 400 W kg(-1) and long cycle stability with a specific capacitance retention rate of 96 % after 1000 cycles, whereas the Fe2 O3 //Ni5 P4 supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 29.8 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 400 W kg(-1) and a specific capacitance retention rate of 86 % after 1000 cycles. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. Effect of the Addition of 3% Co in NiTi Alloy on Loading/Unloading Force

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phukaoluan, A.; Dechkunakorn, S.; Anuwongnukroh, N.; Khantachawana, A.; Kaewtathip, P.; Kajornchaiyakul, J.; Wichai, W.

    2017-11-01

    The study evaluated the loading-unloading force in the load-deflection curve of the fabricated NiTiCo and NiTi wires. Wire alloys with Nickel, Titanium, and Cobalt (purity-99.95%) with atomic weight ratio 47Ni:50Ti:3Co and 50.6Ni:49.4Ti were prepared, sliced, and cold-rolled at 30% reduction, followed by heat treatment in a furnace at 400oC for 1 hour. The specimens of wire size of 0.016 x 0.022 inch2 were cut and subjected to three-point bending test to investigate the load-deflection curve at deflection point 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mm. Descriptive statistic was used to evaluate each variables and independent t-test was used to compare between the groups. The results presented a load-deflection curve that resembled a typical superelastic wire. However, significant differences were seen in the loading-unloading forces between the two with an average loading force of 412.53g and 304.98g and unloading force of 292.40g and 208.08g for NiTiCo and NiTi wire, respectively. The force at each deflection point of NiTiCo in loading-unloading force was higher than NiTi wire. This study concluded that the addition of 3%Co in NiTi alloy can increase the loading-unloading force of NiTi wire but were within the range for orthodontic tooth movement.

  2. Effect of interface intermixing on giant magnetoresistance in NiFe/Cu and Co/NiFe/Co/Cu multilayers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagamine, L.C.C.M.; Biondo, A.; Pereira, L.G.; Mello, A.; Schmidt, J.E.; Chimendes, T.W.; Cunha, J.B.M.; Saitovitch, E.B.

    2003-01-01

    This article reports on the important influence of the spontaneously built-in paramagnetic interfacial layers on the magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of NiFe/Cu and Co/NiFe/Co/Cu multilayers grown by magnetron sputtering. A computational simulation, based on a semiclassical model, has been used to reproduce the variations of the resistivity and of the magnetoresistance (MR) amplitude with the thickness of the NiFe, Cu, and Co layers. We showed that the compositionally intermixed layers at NiFe/Cu interfaces, which are paramagnetic, reduce the flow of polarized electrons and produce a masking on the estimated mean-free path of both types of electrons due to the reduction of their effective values, mainly for small NiFe thickness. Moreover, the transmission coefficients for the electrons decrease when Fe buffer layers are replaced by NiFe ones. This result is interpreted in terms of the variations of the interfacial intermixing and roughness at the interfaces, leading to an increase of the paramagnetic interfacial layer thickness. The effect provoked by Co deposition at the NiFe 16 A/Cu interfaces has also been investigated. The maximum of the MR amplitudes was found at 5 A of Co, resulting in the quadruplication of the MR amplitude. This result is partially attributed to the interfacial spin-dependent scattering due to the increase of the magnetic order at interfaces. Another effect observed here was the increase of the spin-dependent scattering events in the bulk NiFe due to a larger effective NiFe thickness, since the paramagnetic interfacial layer thickness is decreased

  3. Nanocrystalline spinel ferrite (MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) powders prepared by a simple aloe vera plant-extracted solution hydrothermal route

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Phumying, Santi; Labuayai, Sarawuth; Swatsitang, Ekaphan; Amornkitbamrung, Vittaya [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 (Thailand); Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center (INRC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 (Thailand); Maensiri, Santi, E-mail: santimaensiri@gmail.com [School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 (Thailand)

    2013-06-01

    Graphical abstract: This figure shows the specific magnetization curves of the as-prepared MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) powders obtained from room temperature VSM measurement. These curves are typical for a soft magnetic material and indicate hysteresis ferromagnetism in the field ranges of ±500 Oe, ±1000 Oe, and ±2000 Oe for the CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and MnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} respectively, whereas the samples of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} show a superparamagnetic behavior. Highlights: ► Nanocrystalline MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} powders were synthesized by a novel hydrothermal method. ► Metal acetylacetonates and aloe vera plant-extracted solution are used. ► This biosynthetic route is very simple and provides high-yield oxide nanomaterials. ► XRD and TEM results indicate that the prepared samples have only spinel structure. ► The maximum M{sub s} of 68.9 emu/g at 10 kOe were observed for the samples of MnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. - Abstract: Nanocrystalline spinel ferrite MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) powders were synthesized by a novel hydrothermal method using Fe(acac){sub 3}, M(acac){sub 3} (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn) and aloe vera plant extracted solution. The X-ray diffraction and selected-area electron diffraction results indicate that the synthesized nanocrystalline have only spinel structure without the presence of other phase impurities. The crystal structure and morphology of the spinel ferrite powders, as revealed by TEM, show that the NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} samples contain nanoparticles, whereas the MnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} samples consist of many nanoplatelets and nanoparticles. Interestingly, the ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} sample contains plate-like structure of networked nanocrystalline particles. Room temperature magnetization results show a ferromagnetic behavior of the CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, MnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} samples, whereas the

  4. Nanocrystalline soft ferromagnetic Ni-Co-P thin film on Al alloy by low temperature electroless deposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aal, A. Abdel; Shaaban, A.; Hamid, Z. Abdel

    2008-01-01

    Soft ferromagnetic ternary Ni-Co-P films were deposited onto Al 6061 alloy from low temperature Ni-Co-P electroless plating bath. The effect of deposition parameters, such as time and pH, on the plating rate of the deposit were examined. The results showed that the plating rate is a function of pH bath and the highest coating thickness can be obtained at pH value from 8 to10. The surface morphology, phase structure and the magnetic properties of the prepared films have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and vibrating magnetometer device (VMD), respectively. The deposit obtained at optimum conditions showed compact and smooth with nodular grains structure and exhibited high magnetic moments and low coercivety. Potentiodynamic polarization corrosion tests were used to study the general corrosion behavior of Al alloys, Ni-P and Ni-Co-P coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution. It was found that Ni-Co-P coated alloy demonstrated higher corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating containing same percent of P due to the Co addition. The Ni-Co-P coating with a combination of high corrosion resistance, high hardness and excellent magnetic properties would be expected to enlarge the applications of the aluminum alloys

  5. A ternary nanocatalyst of Ni/Cr/Co oxides with high activity and stability for alkaline glucose electrooxidation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gu, Yingying; Yang, Haihong; Li, Benqiang; An, Yarui

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Ni-Cr-Co nanomaterial was synthesized by thermal decomposition method. • Ni 4 -Cr 1 -Co 1.5 has the highest GOR activity among the prepared catalysts. • A catalytic current density of 23.8 mA × cm −2 is attained for alkaline GOR. - Abstract: A novel ternary nanocatalyst of Ni-Cr-Co oxides is synthesized as anode electro-catalysts for glucose oxidation. The nanostructure is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), which indicates that the catalyst particles are well dispersed with average size of 30 nm when the calcination temperature is 500 °C. The electrochemical performance is evaluated via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Compared with the bimetallic Ni-Cr and Ni-Co nanocatalysts, Ni-Cr-Co electrocatalysts exhibites more negative onset potential (0.4 V) and high oxidation peak current density (23.8 mA cm −2 ) in alkaline media towards glucose oxidation. Meanwhile, the results also show that the Ni-Cr-Co nanomaterial possesses good performance of anti-poisoning capability, reproducibility and long-time stability, which make it an excellent candidate for fuel cell electrocatalyst.

  6. Lithium-Rich Nanoscale Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 Cathode Material Prepared by Co-Precipitation Combined Freeze Drying (CP-FD) for Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bai, Ying; Li, Yu; Wu, Chuan; Lu, Jun; Li, Hui; Liu, Zhaolin; Zhong, Yunxia; Chen, Shi; Zhang, Cunzhong; Amine, Khalil; Wu, Feng

    2015-07-14

    Nanoscale Li-rich Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material is synthesized by a co-precipitation combined freeze drying (CP-FD) method, and compared with a conventional co-precipitation method combined vacuum drying (CP-VD). With the combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is found that the sample from CP-FD method consists of a pure phase with good crystallinity and small, homogenous particles (100-300 nm) with uniform particle size distribution. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) shows that the sample has a stoichiometric ratio of n((Li)): n((Mn)): n((Ni)): n((Co))=9: 4: 1: 1; and its Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area is 5.749 m(2)g(-1). This sample achieves excellent electrochemical properties: its initial discharge capacities are 298.9 mAhg(-1) at 0.1C (20 mAg(-1)), 246.1 mAhg(-1) at 0.5C, 215.8 mAhg(-1) at 1C, and 154.2 mAhg(-1) at 5C (5C charge and 5C discharge), as well as good cycling performance. In addition, the Li+ chemical diffusion coefficient of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material prepared by the CP-FD method is 4.59 x 10(-11) cm(2) s(-1), which is higher than that of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material prepared by CP-VD. This phenomenon illustrates the potential for Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 with good rate performance synthesized by CP-FD method.

  7. Electrodeposition and characterization of nanocrystalline CoNiFe films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Y.; Wang, Q.P. [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); Cai, C. [School of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021 (China); Yuan, Y.N. [Department of Materials and Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); Cao, F.H. [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); Zhang, Z., E-mail: eaglezzy@zjuem.zju.edu.cn [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); Zhang, J.Q. [Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 (China); State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection of Metals, Shenyang 110016 (China)

    2012-02-29

    Nanocrystalline Co{sub 45}Ni{sub 10}Fe{sub 24} films have been fabricated using cyclic voltammetry technique from the solutions containing sulfate, then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. Meanwhile, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique has been employed to probe into the nucleation/growth behavior of Co{sub 45}Ni{sub 10}Fe{sub 24} films. The results show that, the obtained Co{sub 45}Ni{sub 10}Fe{sub 24} film possesses low coercivity of 973.3 A/m and high saturation magnetic flux density of 1.59 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 5} A/m. Under the experimental conditions, the nucleation/growth process of Co{sub 45}Ni{sub 10}Fe{sub 24} films is mainly under activation control. With the increase of the applied cathodic potential bias, the charge transfer resistance for CoNiFe deposition decreases exponentially. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nanocrystalline Co{sub 45}Ni{sub 10}Fe{sub 24} film is obtained using cyclic voltammetry technique. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nanocrystalline Co{sub 45}Ni{sub 10}Fe{sub 24} possesses low coercivity of 973.3 A/m. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nanocrystalline Co{sub 45}Ni{sub 10}Fe{sub 24} possesses high saturation magnetic flux density. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The nucleation/growth process of CoNiFe films is mainly under activation control. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The charge transfer resistance for CoNiFe deposition decreases exponentially.

  8. Two-step hydrothermal synthesis of NiCo2S4/Co9S8 nanorods on nickel foam for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Rui; Lin, Jianming; Wu, Jihuai; Huang, Miaoliang; Fan, Leqing; Chen, Hongwei; He, Xin; Wang, Yiting; Xu, Zedong

    2018-03-01

    It is still a huge challenge to obtain a high-energy-density asymmetric supercapacitors and develop an active electrode material with excellent electrochemical characteristics. Although NiCo2S4 has been considered as one of the promising positive electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors, the electrochemical performance of the NiCo2S4-based positive electrodes is still relatively low and cannot meet the demand in the devices. Herein, NiCo2S4/Co9S8 nanorods with a large capacitance are synthesized via a simple two-step hydrothermal treatment. A high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor operating at 1.6 V is successfully assembled using the NiCo2S4/Co9S8 nanorods as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode in 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, which demonstrates a fairly high energy density of 49.6 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 123 W kg-1, an excellent capacitance of 0.91 F cm-2 (139.42 F g-1) at current density of 1 mA cm-2 as well as a remarkable cycling stability due to the high physical strength, the large specific surface area, and the good conductivity for NiCo2S4/Co9S8 nanorods and the brilliant synergistic effect for NiCo2S4 and Co9S8 electrode materials. The as-prepared NiCo2S4/Co9S8 nanorods open up a new platform as positive electrode material for high-energy-density asymmetric supercapacitors in energy-storage.

  9. The facile synthesis of hierarchical NiCoO2 nanotubes comprised ultrathin nanosheets for supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Xin; Zhou, Han; Ding, Shujiang; Li, Jun; Li, Beibei; Yu, Demei

    2014-12-01

    Hierarchical NiCoO2 nanosheets nanotubes are successfully prepared by a mild solution method based on the template of polymeric nanotubes (PNT) followed by a thermal annealing treatment. The microstructure and chemical composition of NiCoO2 nanosheets nanotubes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). When evaluated as an electrode material for supercapacitors, the results of electrochemical test show that the unique NiCoO2 nanosheets nanotubes exhibit relatively high specific capacitance of 1468, 1352, 1233, 1178, 1020 and 672 F g-1 at the discharge current densities of 2, 4, 8, 10, 20 and 40 A g-1, respectively. They also reveal an excellent cycling stability of 99.2% retention after 3000 cycles at 10 A g-1. The smart nanostructures of the NiCoO2 nanosheets nanotubes make a prominent contribution to the excellent electrochemical performance.

  10. Improved electrochemical performances of binder-free CoMoO4 nanoplate arrays@Ni foam electrode using redox additive electrolyte

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veerasubramani, Ganesh Kumar; Krishnamoorthy, Karthikeyan; Kim, Sang Jae

    2016-02-01

    Herein, we are successfully prepared cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) grown on nickel foam as a binder free electrode by hydrothermal approach for supercapacitors and improved their electrochemical performances using potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) as redox additive. The formation of CoMoO4 on Ni foam with high crystallinity is confirmed using XRD, Raman, and XPS measurements. The nanoplate arrays (NPAs) of CoMoO4 are uniformly grown on Ni foam which is confirmed by FE-SEM analysis. The prepared binder-free CoMoO4 NPAs achieved maximum areal capacity of 227 μAh cm-2 with KOH electrolyte at 2.5 mA cm-2. This achieved areal capacity is further improved about three times using the addition of K3Fe(CN)6 as redox additive. The increased electrochemical performances of CoMoO4 NPAs on Ni foam electrode via redox additive are discussed in detail and the mechanism has been explored. Moreover, the assembled CoMoO4 NPAs on Ni foam//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor device with an extended operating voltage window of 1.5 V exhibits an excellent performances such as high energy density and cyclic stability. The overall performances of binder-free CoMoO4 NPAs on Ni foam with redox additives suggesting their potential use as positive electrode material for high performance supercapacitors.

  11. Low Resistance Ohmic Contacts to Bi[sub 2]Te[sub 3] Using Ni and Co Metallization

    KAUST Repository

    Gupta, Rahul P.; Xiong, K.; White, J. B.; Cho, Kyeongjae; Alshareef, Husam N.; Gnade, B. E.

    2010-01-01

    A detailed study of the impact of surface preparation and postdeposition annealing on contact resistivity for sputtered Ni and Co contacts to thin-film Bi2 Te3 is presented. The specific contact resistivity is obtained using the transfer length method. It is observed that in situ sputter cleaning using Ar bombardment before metal deposition gives a surface free of oxides and other contaminants. This surface treatment reduces the contact resistivity by more than 10 times for both Ni and Co contacts. Postdeposition annealing at 100°C on samples that were sputter-cleaned further reduces the contact resistivity to < 10-7 cm2 for both Ni and Co contacts to Bi2 Te3. Co as a suitable contact metal to Bi2 Te3 is reported. Co provided similar contact resistance values as Ni, but had better adhesion and less diffusion into the thermoelectric material, making it a suitable candidate for contact metallization to Bi2 Te3 based devices. © 2010 The Electrochemical Society.

  12. Low Resistance Ohmic Contacts to Bi[sub 2]Te[sub 3] Using Ni and Co Metallization

    KAUST Repository

    Gupta, Rahul P.

    2010-04-27

    A detailed study of the impact of surface preparation and postdeposition annealing on contact resistivity for sputtered Ni and Co contacts to thin-film Bi2 Te3 is presented. The specific contact resistivity is obtained using the transfer length method. It is observed that in situ sputter cleaning using Ar bombardment before metal deposition gives a surface free of oxides and other contaminants. This surface treatment reduces the contact resistivity by more than 10 times for both Ni and Co contacts. Postdeposition annealing at 100°C on samples that were sputter-cleaned further reduces the contact resistivity to < 10-7 cm2 for both Ni and Co contacts to Bi2 Te3. Co as a suitable contact metal to Bi2 Te3 is reported. Co provided similar contact resistance values as Ni, but had better adhesion and less diffusion into the thermoelectric material, making it a suitable candidate for contact metallization to Bi2 Te3 based devices. © 2010 The Electrochemical Society.

  13. Selective Conversion of Furfural to Cyclopentanone or Cyclopentanol Using Co-Ni Catalyst in Water

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yaru Li

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Co-Ni catalysts, prepared by a typical wetness impregnation method, can selectively convert furfural (FFA to cyclopentanone (CPO or cyclopentanol (CPL in water, respectively. The catalytic performance depends strongly on the support. It is also strongly influenced by the Co-Ni loadings of the catalyst. The 10%Co-10%Ni/TiO2 catalyst showed the highest selectivity toward CPO (53.3% with almost complete FFA conversion, and the main product was CPL (45.4% over 20%Co/TiO2 at the optimized conditions (150 °C, 4 MPa H2, 4 h. The surface morphology, surface area, composition and reducibility properties of these catalysts were fully characterized by XRD, H2-TPR, ICP-AES and SEM. The factors that influenced the activity of catalysts were also investigated in detail. Additionally, the stability of catalyst for the hydrogenative rearrangement of FFA was studied.

  14. Promotion Effect of CaO Modification on Mesoporous Al2O3-Supported Ni Catalysts for CO2 Methanation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wen Yang

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The catalysts Ni/Al2O3 and CaO modified Ni/Al2O3 were prepared by impregnation method and applied for methanation of CO2. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, temperature-programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR, X-ray diffraction (XRD, and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 and H2 (CO2-TPD and H2-TPD techniques, respectively. TPR and XRD results indicated that CaO can effectively restrain the growth of NiO nanoparticles, improve the dispersion of NiO, and weaken the interaction between NiO and Al2O3. CO2-TPD and H2-TPD results suggested that CaO can change the environment surrounding of CO2 and H2 adsorption and thus the reactants on the Ni atoms can be activated more easily. The modified Ni/Al2O3 showed better catalytic activity than pure Ni/Al2O3. Ni/CaO-Al2O3 showed high CO2 conversion especially at low temperatures compared to Ni/Al2O3, and the selectivity to CH4 was very close to 1. The high CO2 conversion over Ni/CaO-Al2O3 was mainly caused by the surface coverage by CO2-derived species on CaO-Al2O3 surface.

  15. Catalytic steam reforming of tar derived from steam gasification of sunflower stalk over ethylene glycol assisting prepared Ni/MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karnjanakom, Surachai; Guan, Guoqing; Asep, Bayu; Du, Xiao; Hao, Xiaogang; Samart, Chanatip; Abudula, Abuliti

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Ni/MCM-41 was prepared by EG-assisted co-impregnation method. • EG-assisted co-impregnation method resulted in Ni particles well dispersed on MCM-41. • Ni/MCM-41-EG catalyst had high catalytic activity for tar reforming. • The highest H 2 gas yield was obtained when using 20 wt.% Ni/MCM-41-EG. • The catalysts were reused up to 5 cycles without any serious deactivation. - Abstract: Ethylene glycol (EG) assisted impregnation of nickel catalyst on MCM-41 (Ni/MCM-41-EG) was performed and applied for steam reforming of tar derived from biomass. The catalyst was characterized by SEM–EDX, BET, XRD, and TPR. It is found that smaller nickel particles were well dispersed on MCM-41 and better catalytic activity was shown for the Ni/MCM-41-EG when compared with the catalyst of Ni/MCM-41 prepared by using the conventional impregnation method. H 2 yield increased approximately 8% when using 20 wt.% Ni/MCM-41-EG instead of 20 wt.% Ni/MCM-41 for the steam reforming of tar derived from sunflower stalk. The catalyst reusability was also tested up to five cycles, and no obvious activity reduction was observed. It indicates that EG assisted impregnation method is a good way to prepare metal loaded porous catalyst with high catalytic activity, high loading amount and long-term stability for the tar reforming

  16. Synergistically Active NiCo2 S4 Nanoparticles Coupled with Holey Defect Graphene Hydrogel for High-Performance Solid-State Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tiruneh, Sintayehu Nibret; Kang, Bong Kyun; Kwag, Sung Hoon; Lee, YoungHun; Kim, MinSeob; Yoon, Dae Ho

    2018-03-02

    Nickel cobalt sulfide nanoparticles embedded in holey defect graphene hydrogel (HGH) that exhibit highly porous structures and uniform nickel cobalt sulfide nanoparticle sizes are successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal-hydrothermal method. As an electrode material for supercapacitors, the as-prepared NiCo 2 S 4 @HGH shows ultra-high specific capacitances of 1000 F g -1 and 800 F g -1 at 0.5 and 6 A g -1 , respectively, owing to the outstanding electrical conductivity of HGH and high specific capacitance of NiCo 2 S 4 . After 2100 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 6 A g -1 , 96.6 % of the specific capacitance was retained, signifying the superb durability of NiCo 2 S 4 @HGH. Moreover, remarkable specific capacitance (312.6 F g -1 ) and capacity retention (87 % after 5000 cycles) at 6 A g -1 were displayed by the symmetric solid-state supercapacitor fabricated by using NiCo 2 S 4 @HGH electrodes. These auspicious supercapacitor performances demonstrate that the as-developed solvothermal-hydrothermal approach can be widely used to prepare graphene-coupled binary metal sulfides for high-performance supercapacitor applications. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  17. Electrical transport properties of large, individual NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hu, Linfeng; Wu, Limin; Hu, Xinhua; Fang, Xiaosheng [Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai (China); Liao, Meiyong [Optical and Electronic Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)

    2012-03-07

    Understanding the electrical transport properties of individual semiconductor nanostructures is crucial to advancing their practical applications in high-performance nanodevices. Large-sized individual nanostructures with smooth surfaces are preferred because they can be easily made into nanodevices using conventional photolithography procedures rather than having to rely on costly and complex electron-beam lithography techniques. In this study, micrometer-sized NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplates are successfully prepared from their corresponding hydroxide precursor using a quasi-topotactic transformation. The Co/Ni atomic arrangement shows no changes during the transformation from the rhombohedral LDH precursor (space group R anti 3 m) to the cubic NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel (space group Fd anti 3 m), and the nanoplate retains its initial morphology during the conversion process. In particular, electrical transport within an individual NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplate is further investigated. The mechanisms of electrical conduction in the low-temperature range (T < 100 K) can be explained in terms of the Mott's variable-range hopping model. At high temperatures (T > 100 K), both the variable-range hopping and nearest-neighbor hopping mechanisms contribute to the electrical transport properties of the NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplate. These initial results will be useful to understanding the fundamental characteristics of these nanoplates and to designing functional nanodevices from NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanostructures. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  18. NiCoBP-doped carbon nanotube hybrid: A novel oxidase mimetic system for highly efficient electrochemical immunoassay

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Bing; He, Yu; Liu, Bingqian; Tang, Dianping, E-mail: dianping.tang@fzu.edu.cn

    2014-12-03

    Highlights: • We report a new oxidase mimetic system for highly efficient electrochemical immunoassay. • NiCoBP-doped carbon nanotube hybrids were used as the nanocatalysts. • NiCoBP-doped carbon nanotube hybrids were used as the mimic oxidase. - Abstract: NiCoBP-doped multi-walled carbon nanotube (NiCoBP–MWCNT) was first synthesized by using induced electroless-plating method and functionalized with the biomolecules for highly efficient electrochemical immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA, used as a model analyte). We discovered that the as-synthesized NiCoBP–MWCNT had the ability to catalyze the glucose oxidization with a stable and well-defined redox peak. The catalytic current increased with the increment of the immobilized NiCoBP–MWCNT on the electrode. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) were employed to characterize the as-prepared NiCoBP–MWCNT. Using the NiCoBP–MWCNT-conjugated anti-PSA antibody as the signal-transduction tag, a new enzyme-free electrochemical immunoassay protocol could be designed for the detection of target PSA on the capture antibody-functionalized immunosensing interface. Experimental results revealed that the designed immunoassay system could exhibit good electrochemical responses toward target PSA, and allowed the detection of PSA at a concentration as low as 0.035 ng mL{sup −1}. More importantly, the NiCoBP-MWCNT-based oxidase mimetic system could be further extended for the monitoring of other low-abundance proteins or disease-related biomarkers by tuning the target antibody.

  19. Structural, Magnetic and Microwave Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Gd Ferrites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nikzad, Alireza; Parvizi, Roghaieh; Rezaei, Ghasem; Vaseghi, Behrooz; Khordad, Reza

    2018-02-01

    A series of Co- and Gd-substituted NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles with the formula Ni1- x Co x Fe2- y Gd y O4 (where x = 0.0-1.0 and y = 0.0-0.1) have been successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy results indicated that a highly crystallized spherical ferrite nanoparticle structure was obtained along with an increase in the lattice parameters. Compositional analysis of the prepared nanoferrite powders has been carried out using energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. The EDX analysis reveals the presence of Ni, Co, Gd and Fe elements in the specimens. Magnetization and the coercive field improved dramatically with an increase in the amount of cobalt and gadolinium added, attributed to the redistribution of cations in the spinel nanoferrite structure. Saturation magnetization and coercivity values up to 99 emu/g and 918 Oe, respectively, were measured using a vibration sample magnetometer at room temperature. Comparative microwave absorption experiments demonstrated that the reflection loss (RL) properties enhanced with increasing substitution of cations in the Ni-ferrite spinel structure for an absorber thickness of 1.8 mm. A maximum RL of - 26.7 dB was obtained for substituted Ni-Co-Gd nanoferrite with x = 1.0 and y = 0.1 at a frequency of 9.4 GHz with a bandwidth of 3.6 GHz (RL ≤ - 10 dB). Experimental results revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles possessed great potential in microwave absorption applications.

  20. Effect of preparation methods of LiNi1-xCoxO2 cathode materials on their chemical structure and electrode performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cho, J.; Kim, G.; Lim, H.S.

    1999-01-01

    The authors have studied effects of different starting materials on preparation of LiNi 1-x Co x O 2 cathode material for a Li-ion cell where x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, and the electrochemical properties of resulting compounds from two different preparation methods. A preparation method (method B) which uses spherical powder of Ni 1-x Co x (OH) 2 as one of the starting material produced a much superior cathode material than the other method (method A) which uses Ni(OH) 2 and Co(OH) 2 . Method A produced compounds with relatively high degrees of cation mixing which reduces electrochemical utilization (discharge capacity), increases irreversible capacity, and reduces stability on cycling of the cathode material. Method B, in contrast, produced cathode material with a much reduced degree of cation-mixing, thus improving the electrochemical properties. The spherical particle of material prepared by method B has the additional advantage of improved packing density of the electrode with improved volumetric energy density. The ratio of c/a was increased and the electrochemical stability on cycling of the material was improved as the content of Co (value of x) is increased

  1. Separation of Co(II) from dilute aqueous solutions by precipitate and adsorbing colloid flotation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aziz, M.; Benyamin, K.; Shakir, K.; Atomic Energy Establishment, Cairo

    1993-01-01

    Ion, precipitate and adsorbing colloid flotation of cobalt(II) have been investigated at different pH values, using N-dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPCl). A strong cationic surfactant, and sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS), a strong anionic surfactant, as collectors. In case of adsorbing colloid flotation, hydrous manganese dioxide was used as an adsorbent. The precipitate flotation curves experimentally obtained with the two tested collectors were compared with the corresponding theoretical one calculated from the data published for Co(II) hydrolysis. The effects of the collector concentration, ageing of the water-MnO 2 -Co(II) system, bubbling time period, cobalt(II) concentration and foreign salts on the percent removal of Co(II) by adsorbing colloid flotation using DPCl as collector were determined. Removals approaching 100% could be achieved under the optimum conditions. (author) 44 refs.; 6 figs

  2. Synthesis and Characterization of High-Entropy Alloy AlFeCoNiCuCr by Laser Cladding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaoyang Ye

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available High-entropy alloys have been recently found to have novel microstructures and unique properties. In this study, a novel AlFeCoNiCuCr high-entropy alloy was prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, chemical composition, and constituent phases of the synthesized alloy were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and TEM, respectively. High-temperature hardness was also evaluated. Experimental results demonstrate that the AlFeCoNiCuCr clad layer is composed of only BCC and FCC phases. The clad layers exhibit higher hardness at higher Al atomic content. The AlFeCoNiCuCr clad layer exhibits increased hardness at temperature between 400–700°C.

  3. Poly(o-phenylenediamine)/NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, magnetic and dielectric properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kannapiran, Nagarajan [PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamil Nadu (India); Muthusamy, Athianna, E-mail: muthusrkv@gmail.com [PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamil Nadu (India); Chitra, Palanisamy; Anand, Siddeswaran [PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamil Nadu (India); Jayaprakash, Rajan [Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamil Nadu (India)

    2017-02-01

    In this study, poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD)/NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ oxidative chemical polymerization method with different amount of NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. The NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles were prepared by auto-combustion method. The structural, morphological, thermal properties of the synthesized PoPD/NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Magnetic properties of NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles and PoPD/NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The FTIR and XRD techniques were used to confirm the formation of PoPD/NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites. The average crystalline size of NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles and PoPD/NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites were calculated from XRD. From the SEM analysis, spherical morphology of the PoPD was confirmed. The TGA results showed that the NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles have improved the thermal stability of PoPD. Dielectric properties of PoPD/NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposites at different temperatures have been carried in the frequency range 50 Hz to 5 MHz. - Highlights: • Auto-combustion method was support to achieve less particle size. • Green synthesis of PoPD and nanocomposites by in-situ oxidative chemical polymerization method. • For the first time, PoPD incorporated with NiCoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. • Ferrite content affects the magnetic and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites.

  4. Preparation of metastable CoFeNi alloys with ultra-high magnetic saturation (Bs = 2.4-2.59 T) by reverse pulse electrodeposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tabakovic, Ibro; Venkatasamy, Venkatram

    2018-04-01

    The results of reverse pulse electrodeposition of CoFeNi films with ultra-high magnetic saturation, i.e. Bs values between 2.4 and 2.59 T, are presented in this work. Based on valence-bond theory (Hund's rule) it was assumed that the electronic configuration of MOH obtained by one electron reduction of electroactive intermediate (MOH+ads + e → MOHads) or oxidation of metal (M - e + HOH → MOH + H+) would result with larger number of spins per atom for each of transition metals in MOH-precipitated in CoFeNi deposit- with one more spin than their respective neutral metal in the order: Fe > Co > Ni. The experimental results showed that the increase of Bs value above Slater-Pauling curve was not observed for CoFe alloys, thus FeOH and CoOH compounds were not present in deposit. However, the increase of the Bs values above the Slater-Pauling curve (Bs = 2.4-2.59 T) was observed, for CoFeNi films obtained by reverse pulse electrodeposition. Therefore, NiOH as a stable compound is probably formed in a one-electron oxidation step during anodic pulse oxidation reaction precipitated presumably at the grain boundaries, giving rise to the ultra-high magnetic saturation of CoFeNi films. The effects of experimental conditions on elemental composition, magnetic properties, crystal structure, and thermal stability of CoFeNi films were studied.

  5. Effects of environment on the release of Ni, Cr, Fe, and Co from new and recast Ni-Cr alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyar, Perihan; Can, Gülşen; Atakol, Orhan

    2014-07-01

    The addition of previously cast alloy to new alloy for economic reasons may increase the release of elements. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the immersion period, immersion media, and addition of previously cast alloy to new alloy on the release of elements. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared from a Ni-Cr alloy (Ni: 61 wt%, Cr: 26 wt%, Mo: 11 wt%, Si: 1.5 wt%, Fe, Ce, Al, and Co alloy (group N) and 50% new/50% recast alloy (group R). After the immersion of the specimens in both NaCl (pH 4) and artificial saliva (pH 6.7) for 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days, the release of ions was determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed with a 3-way ANOVA (α=.001). The release of Ni was significantly affected by the immersion period, of Ni and Cr by the alloy and media (Palloy (Palloy in artificial saliva was 109.71 for Ni, 6.49 for Cr, 223.22 for Fe, and 29.90 μg/L for Co. The release of Co in NaCl was below the detection limit in both groups. The release of Ni in NaCl and artificial saliva increased with the length of the immersion period in both groups. The release of Cr and Fe was higher in artificial saliva than in NaCl in group R, regardless of the immersion period. The release of Co in NaCl was below the detection limit in both groups. Copyright © 2014 The Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Supported Pd Catalysts Prepared via Colloidal Method: The Effect of Acids

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Zhao, Yingnan; Jia, L.; Medrano Catalan, J.A.; Ross, J.R.H.; Ross, J.R.H.; Lefferts, Leonardus

    2013-01-01

    Organic capping agents are necessary for metallic nanoparticle preparation via colloidal method; however, complete removal of the capping agent and cleaning the metal surface is a well-known challenge in application. In this Article, we show that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-stabilized palladium

  7. Structural and magnetic properties of CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} core/shell nanocomposite prepared by the hydrothermal method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sattar, A.A. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Abbasia, Cairo (Egypt); EL-Sayed, H.M., E-mail: h_m_elsaid@hotmail.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Abbasia, Cairo (Egypt); ALsuqia, Ibrahim [Department of Physics, Faculty of Education and Applied Science, Hajjah University, Alshahli, Hajjah (Yemen)

    2015-12-01

    CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} core/shell magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized by using hydrothermal method.The analysis of XRD indicated the coexistence of CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}as core/shell composite. The core/shell structure of the composite sample has been confirmed by HR-TEM images, EDX and FT-IR measurements. The size of obtained core/shell nanoparticles was 17 nm in core diameter and about 3 nm in shell thickness. The magnetization measurements showed that both the coercive field and the saturation magnetization of the resulting core/shell nanocomposite were slightly decreased compared to those of the CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} core but the thermal stability is of the magnetization parameter was enhanced. Furthermore, superparamagnetic phase is established at temperatures higher than the room temperature. The results were discussed in terms of the surface pinning and the magnetic interaction at the interface between the core and shell. - Highlights: • CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} core/shell could be prepared by hydrothermal method. • The structural analysis proved the formation of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} shell with thickness 3 nm. • The thermal stability of M{sub s} and H{sub c} is enhanced due to the presence of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} as a shell. • Super paramagnetic transition is confirmed and the effective magnetic anisotropy was calculated.

  8. Core/shell structure NiCo2O4@MnCo2O4 nanofibers fabricated by different temperatures for high-performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Qing; Qin, Xuefeng; Jiang, Pengcheng; Dai, Jianfeng; Li, Weixue; Gao, Haoran

    2018-03-01

    Core/shell structure NiCo2O4@MnCo2O4 nanofibers (NiCo2O4@MnCo2O4 NFs) were prepared by a facile co-electrospinning method and heat treatment. The composites annealed at 500 °C have a complete, continuously obvious core/shell structure, and clear interface of composites with good morphology, while annealed at 600 °C were stacked on each other and were unable to sustain three-dimensional network structures and 700 °C calcination have completely lost one-dimensional structure. The core NiCo2O4 is about 70 nm in diameter and the MnCo2O4 shell behaves a thickness about 60 nm. When investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitors, the NiCo2O4@MnCo2O4 NFs annealed at 500 °C exihibited the specific capacitance of 463 F g-1 (0.926 F cm-2) at 1 A g-1, higher than that annealed at 600 °C 362 F g-1, 1 A g-1 (0.724 F cm-2, 1 A g-1) and 700 °C 283 F g-1, 1 A g-1 (0.566 F cm-2, 1 A g-1). These results suggest that core/shell NiCo2O4@MnCo2O4 NFs annealed at 500 °C have formed a good morphology with continuously complete core/shell structure which lead to good properties would be potential electrodes for supercapacitors.

  9. Mechanical properties and wear and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shi Lei; Sun Chufeng; Gao Ping; Zhou Feng; Liu Weimin

    2006-01-01

    Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings with various contents of SiC nano-particulates were prepared by electrodeposition in a Ni-Co plating bath containing SiC nano-particulates to be co-deposited. The influences of the nanoparticulates concentration, current density, stirring rate and temperature of the plating bath on the composition of the coatings were investigated. The shape and size of the SiC nano-particulates were observed and determined using a transmission electron microscope. The polarization behavior of the composite plating bath was examined on a PAR-273A potentiostat/galvanostat device. The wear behavior of the Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings was evaluated on a ball-on-disk UMT-2MT test rig. The worn surface morphologies of the Ni-Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The corrosion behavior of the nanocomposite coatings was evaluated by charting the Tafel curves of the solution of 0.5 mol L -1 NaCl at room temperature. It was found that the cathodic polarization potential of the composite electrolyte increased with increasing SiC concentration in the plating bath. The microhardness and wear and corrosion resistance of the nanocomposite coatings also increased with increasing content of the nano-SiC in the plating bath, and the morphologies of the nanocomposite coatings varied with varying SiC concentration in the plating bath as well. Moreover, the co-deposited SiC nano-particulates were uniformly distributed in the Ni-Co matrix and contributed to greatly increase the microhardness and wear resistance of the Ni-Co alloy coating

  10. Influence of the Cr and Ni concentration in CoCr and CoNi alloys on the structural and magnetic properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aubry, E. [Nipson Technology, 12 Avenue des Trois chênes, Techn’Hom 3, Belfort 90000 (France); Liu, T. [Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54506 (France); Billard, A. [IRTES-LERMPS EA 7274, UTBM, Site de Montbéliard, Belfort Cedex 90010 (France); Dekens, A. [Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54506 (France); Perry, F. [PVDco, 30 rue de Badménil, Baccarat 54120 (France); Mangin, S.; Hauet, T. [Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54506 (France)

    2017-01-15

    The crystalline and magnetic properties of micron thick magnetron sputtered Co{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x} and Co{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x} alloy films are analyzed in the view of their implementation as semi-hard magnets. All of the tested films crystallize in an hcp lattice, at least up to 35 at% of alloying elements (Cr or Ni). The structural study shows that the ratio of hcp phase with [0001] axis orientated perpendicular to the film as compared with in-plane orientation increases (resp. decreases), when Ni (resp. Cr) concentration increases independently of the post-annealing temperature. The orientation of the magnetization results from the competition between the demagnetization field which tends to align the magnetization in plane and the crystalline anisotropy which tends to maintain the magnetization along the [0001] axis. Interestingly, we find that, although Co and Ni are very similar atoms, Co{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x} alloys crystalline anisotropy can be strongly increased and reach up to twice the anisotropy of the best Co{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x} alloy, while maintaining a magnetization at saturation above 1200 kA/m. The thermal stability of the structural and magnetic properties of both alloys is demonstrated for an annealing temperature up to 300 °C. - Highlights: • Sputtered CoCr and CoNi films are analyzed for their semi-hard magnetic properties. • CoNi alloys exhibits higher saturation magnetization and crystalline anisotropy. • These evolutions can be directly correlated to the quality of hcp crystal orientation. • Thermal stability of structural and magnetic properties is demonstrated up to 300 °C.

  11. Inkjet Printing as High-Throughput Technique for the Fabrication of NiCo2O4 Films

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reyna Dianela Bacelis-Martínez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Owing to its distinctive physicochemical properties, nickel-cobalt mixed oxide (NiCo2O4 has become a promising and innovative material for applications in many technological fields. The design of fast and reliable techniques for the deposition of this material is essential in the development of applications. In this work, NiCo2O4 films were successfully prepared by an inkjet printing technique using a suitable ink obtained from metal nitrates in a glycerol-water mixture. In order to deposit well-defined and uniform film patterns, the instrumental parameters such as drop spacing and inkjet voltage have been explored. The pure crystalline bimetallic nickel cobaltite oxide is obtained at 500°C with a homogeneous compositional distribution along the film. The average thickness observed by scanning electron microscopy is around 490 nm, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the film surface presents mixed oxidation states for both metals: Co2+, Co3+, Ni2+, and Ni3+. The electrocatalytic performance of inkjet-printed NiCo2O4 films for the water oxidation reaction is comparable with earlier reports.

  12. Preparation of ThO2 sols having colloid-size distributions suitable for gelation into microspheres

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamagishi, Shigeru; Takahashi, Yoshihisa; Shiba, Koreyuki

    1984-01-01

    Production conditions of ThO 2 sols suitable for gelling into crackfree microspheres in an external gelation process were studied. The sols were prepared under pH control and colloid size distributions of the resulting sols were determined. The gelation was carried out by using hexone as a drop formation medium and ammonia as a gelling agent. The crackfree gelation was achieved by the use of ThO 2 sols produced under favorable pH, which were large in colloid size and high in colloid fraction. ''Preneutralization'' preceding the pH control is also important for the good sols. Analyzing the colloid fraction, colloid size and crystallite size of sol, it was found that, under the favorable pH, colloid nuclei generating at early stages grow in the form of single-crystals with their number kept constant and, after cooling, they exist as polycrystalline colloids. The mechanism of cracking is also discussed. (author)

  13. Synthesis of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material by chloride co-precipitation method

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    李灵均; 李新海; 王志兴; 伍凌; 郑俊超; 李金辉

    2010-01-01

    LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 was prepared by a chloride co-precipitation method and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry with Rietveld refinement,electron scanning microscopy and electrochemical measurements.Effects of lithium ion content and sintering temperature on physical and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 were also investigated. The results show that the sample synthesized at 750℃with 105%lithium content has fine particle sizes around 200 nm and homogenous sizes distribution.The initial discharge capacity for the powder is 184 mA·h/g between 2.7 and 4.3 V at 0.1C and room temperature.

  14. High-speed jet electrodeposition and microstructure of nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qiao Guiying; Jing Tianfu; Wang Nan; Gao Yuwei; Zhao Xin; Zhou Jifeng; Wang Wei

    2005-01-01

    The jet electrodeposition from watts baths with a device of electrolyte jet was carried out to prepare nano-crystalline cobalt-nickel alloys. The influence of the concentration of Co 2+ ions in the electrolyte and electrolysis parameters, such as the cathodic current density, the temperature as well as the electrolyte jet speed, on the chemistry and microstructure of Ni-Co-deposit alloys were investigated. Experimental results indicated that increasing the Co 2+ ions concentration in the bath, the electrolyte jet speed and decreasing of the cathodic current density and decrease of the electrolyte temperature all results in an increase of cobalt content in the alloy. Detailed microstructure changes upon the changes of alloy composition and experimental conditions were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD results show the Ni-Co solid solution was formed through the jet electrodeposition. Phase constitution of solid solution changes progressively under different electrolyte concentration. Alloys with low Co concentration exhibit single phase of face-centered cubic (fcc) structure; The Co concentration over 60.39 wt.%, the alloys are composed of face-centered cubic (fcc) phase and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase. Furthermore, the formation of the nanostructured Ni-Co alloy deposit is investigated. Increasing the Co 2+ ions concentration in the bath, the cathodic current density, the electrolyte temperature and the electrolyte jet speed all result in the finer grains in the deposits. Additives such as saccharin in the electrolyte also favor the formation of the finer grains in the alloy deposits

  15. Synthesis, structural and magnetic characterization of soft magnetic nanocrystalline ternary FeNiCo particles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Toparli, Cigdem [Department of Metallurgical & Materials Eng., Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul (Turkey); Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf (Germany); Ebin, Burçak [Department of Metallurgical & Materials Eng., Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul (Turkey); Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Material Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Gürmen, Sebahattin, E-mail: gurmen@itu.edu.tr [Department of Metallurgical & Materials Eng., Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul (Turkey)

    2017-02-01

    The present study focuses on the synthesis, microstructural and magnetic properties of ternary FeNiCo nanoparticles. Nanocrystalline ternary FeNiCo particles were synthesized via hydrogen reduction assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method in single step. The effect of precursor concentration on the morphology and the size of particles was investigated. The syntheses were performed at 800 °C. Structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the as-prepared products were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies. Scherer calculation revealed that crystallite size of the ternary particles ranged between 36 and 60 nm. SEM and TEM investigations showed that the particle size was strongly influenced by the precursor concentration and Fe, Ni, Co elemental composition of individual particles was homogeneous. Finally, the soft magnetic properties of the particles were observed to be a function of their size. - Highlights: • Ternary FeNiCo alloy nanocrystalline particles were synthesized in a single step. • Cubic crystalline structure and spherical morphology was observed by XRD, SEM and TEM investigations. • The analysis of magnetic properties indicates the soft magnetic features of particles.

  16. Systematic investigation of the synthesis of core-shell poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) colloids with varying shell thickness and core diameter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hinge, Mogens; Keiding, Kristian

    2006-01-01

    the morphology of the material for an specific application is going on. It is known from SFEP of styrene that the final colloidal size can be controlled by adjusting the ionic strength of the synthesis feed [1] and it is suggested that adding acrylic acid to the synthesis will result in a change...... in polymerization locus from the core to the surface [2]. There is at present not performed a systematically investigation in controlling the core size and shell thickness of poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) core-shell colloids  (poly(ST-co-AA)).   Poly(ST-co-AA) colloids were synthesized by free-radical surfactant......-free emulsion co-polymerization (SFECP) at 70°C, using styrene as monomer and acrylic acid as co-monomer. Different batches of poly(ST-co-AA) colloids were synthesized with varying ionic strength and acrylic acid concentrations in the synthesis feed. The produced poly(ST-co-AA) colloids were analysed...

  17. Injection molding of Y-TZP powders prepared by colloidal processing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kimura, Y.; Mineshita, O.; Kaga, T.; Tokinaga, T.; Obitsu, M.

    1991-01-01

    TZP powders containing 3mol% Y 2 O 3 were prepared from ZrOCl 2 solution via an aqueous colloidal suspension of ZrO 2 . Processing variables were optimized to obtain powders suitable for injection molding. Wettability of powders with binders, fluidity of melting compound, removal of binder from green body, and properties of sintered body were investigated

  18. Sono-synthesis and characterization of bimetallic Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO nanocatalyst: Effects of metal content on catalytic properties and activity for hydrogen production via CO2 reforming of CH4.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdollahifar, Mozaffar; Haghighi, Mohammad; Babaluo, Ali Akbar; Talkhoncheh, Saeed Khajeh

    2016-07-01

    Sono-dispersion of Ni, Co and Ni-Co over Al2O3-MgO with Al/Mg ratio of 1.5 was prepared and tested for dry reforming of methane. The samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, PSD, EDX, TEM, BET and FTIR analyses. In order to assess the effect of ultrasound irradiation, Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO with Co content of 8% prepared via sonochemistry and impregnation methods. The sono-synthesized sample showed better textural properties and higher activity than that of impregnated one. Comparison of XRD patterns indicated that the NiO peaks became broader by increasing Co content over the support. The FESEM images displayed the particles are small and well-dispersed as a result of sonochemistry method. Also, EDX analysis demonstrated better dispersion of Ni and Co as a result of sonochemistry method in confirmation of XRD analysis. The sono-synthesized Ni-Co/Al2O3-MgO as a superior nanocatalyst with Co content of 3% illustrates much higher conversions (97.5% and 99% for CH4 and CO2 at 850 °C), yields (94% and 96% for H2 and CO at 850 °C) and 0.97 of H2/CO molar ratio in all samples using an equimolar feed ratio at 850 °C. During the 1200 min stability test, H2/CO molar ratio remained constant for the superior nanocatalyst. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Synthesis and characterization of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplates as efficient electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Taehyun [Nanomaterials and System Lab, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Engineering College, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756 (Korea, Republic of); Ramadoss, Ananthakumar [Nanomaterials and System Lab, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Science and Engineering College, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756 (Korea, Republic of); Saravanakumar, Balasubramaniam; Veerasubramani, Ganesh Kumar [Nanomaterials and System Lab, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Engineering College, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Sang Jae, E-mail: kimsangj@jejunu.ac.kr [Nanomaterials and System Lab, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Engineering College, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756 (Korea, Republic of); Nanomaterials and System Lab, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Science and Engineering College, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-05-01

    Highlights: • NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplates were synthesized through a facile approach. • The NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplates electrode material exhibit a specific capacitance of 332 F g{sup −1} at 5 mV s{sup −1}. • The fabricated NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} electrode reveals 86% retention of initial capacitance after 2000 cycles. - Abstract: In the present work, NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplates were prepared by a facile, low temperature, hydrothermal method, followed by thermal annealing and used supercapacitor applications. The physico-chemical characterization of as-prepared materials were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoplates electrode (NC-5) exhibits a high specific capacitance of 332 F g{sup −1} at a scan rate of 5 mV s{sup −1} and also retained about 86% of the initial specific capacitance value even after 2000 cycles at a current density of 2.5 A g{sup −1}. These results suggest that the fabricated electrode material has huge potential as a novel electrode material for electrochemical capacitors.

  20. Colloidal synthesis of Cu-ZnO and Cu@CuNi-ZnO hybrid nanocrystals with controlled morphologies and multifunctional properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeng, Deqian; Gong, Pingyun; Chen, Yuanzhi; Zhang, Qinfu; Xie, Qingshui; Peng, Dong-Liang

    2016-06-01

    Metal-semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals have received extensive attention owing to their multiple functionalities which can find wide technological applications. The utilization of low-cost non-noble metals to construct novel metal-semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals is important and meaningful for their large-scale applications. In this study, a facile solution approach is developed for the synthesis of Cu-ZnO hybrid nanocrystals with well-controlled morphologies, including nanomultipods, core-shell nanoparticles, nanopyramids and core-shell nanowires. In the synthetic strategy, Cu nanocrystals formed in situ serve as seeds for the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of ZnO, and it eventually forms various Cu-ZnO hetero-nanostructures under different reaction conditions. These hybrid nanocrystals possess well-defined and stable heterostructure junctions. The ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectra reveal morphology-dependent surface plasmon resonance absorption of Cu and the band gap absorption of ZnO. Furthermore, we construct a novel Cu@CuNi-ZnO ternary hetero-nanostructure by incorporating the magnetic metal Ni into the pre-synthesized colloidal Cu nanocrystals. Such hybrid nanocrystals possess a magnetic Cu-Ni intermediate layer between the ZnO shell and the Cu core, and exhibit ferromagnetic/superparamagnetic properties which expand their functionalities. Finally, enhanced photocatalytic activities are observed in the as-prepared non-noble metal-ZnO hybrid nanocrystals. This study not only provides an economical way to prepare high-quality morphology-controlled Cu-ZnO hybrid nanocrystals for potential applications in the fields of photocatalysis and photovoltaic devices, but also opens up new opportunities in designing ternary non-noble metal-semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals with multifunctionalities.Metal-semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals have received extensive attention owing to their multiple functionalities which can find wide technological applications

  1. CuCo_2O_4 flowers/Ni-foam architecture as a battery type positive electrode for high performance hybrid supercapacitor applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vijayakumar, Subbukalai; Nagamuthu, Sadayappan; Ryu, Kwang-Sun

    2017-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The Ni- foam supported CuCo_2O_4 flowers exhibits a high specific capacity with superior long term cyclic stability. - Highlights: • This paper reports the hydrothermal preparation of CuCo_2O_4 flowers on Ni-foam. • The CuCo_2O_4 flowers exhibits maximum specific capacity of 645.1C g"−"1. • After 2000 cycles, 109% of the initial specific capacity was retained. - Abstract: The battery type CuCo_2O_4 electrode was evaluated as a positive electrode material for its hybrid supercapacitor applications. CuCo_2O_4 flowers were prepared on Ni-foam through a simple hydrothermal process and post calcination treatment. The structure and morphology of the CuCo_2O_4 flowers/Ni-foam was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. FESEM clearly revealed the flower-like morphology, which was composed of large number of petals. The length and width of the petals ranged from approximately 5–8 μm and approximately 50–150 nm, respectively. The CuCo_2O_4 flowers/Ni-foam electrode was employed for electrochemical characterization for hybrid supercapacitor applications. The specific capacity of the CuCo_2O_4 flower-like electrode was 692.4C g"−"1 (192.3 mA h g"−"1) at a scan rate of 5 mV s"−"1. The flower-like CuCo_2O_4 electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 645.1C g"−"1 (179.2 mA h g"−"1) at a specific current of 1 A g"−"1 and good long term cyclic stability. The high specific capacity, good cyclic stability, and low internal and charge transfer resistance of the CuCo_2O_4 flowers/Ni-foam electrode confirmed the suitability of the prepared material as a positive electrode for hybrid supercapacitor applications.

  2. Hydrogenated CoOx nanowire@Ni(OH)2 nanosheet core-shell nanostructures for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Jianxiao; Huang, Lei; Xiao, Yuxiu; Shen, Leo; Chen, Qi; Shi, Wangzhou

    2014-05-01

    We report a facile strategy to prepare 3D core-shell nanowire heterostructures with microporous hydrogenated CoOx (H-CoOx) nanowires as the conducting scaffold to support Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. Benefiting from the H-CoOx nanowire core to provide the effective pathway for charge transport and the core-shell heterostructures with synergistic effects, the H-CoOx@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire electrode achieved the specific capacitance of 2196 F g-1 (areal capacitance of 5.73 F cm-2), which is approximately a 1.4-fold enhancement compared with the Co3O4@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowires. An aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated by using H-CoOx@Ni(OH)2 nanowires as the positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide @Fe3O4 nanocomposites as the negative electrode. The ASCs achieved high energy density (~45.3 W h kg-1 at 1010 W kg-1), high power density (~7080 W kg-1 at 23.4 W h kg-1) and high cycling stability. Furthermore, after charging for ~1 min, one such 22 cm2 ASC device demonstrated to be able to drive a small windmill (0.8 V, 0.1 W) for 20 min. Two such ASCs connected in series can power up a seven-color LED (3.2 V) efficiently.We report a facile strategy to prepare 3D core-shell nanowire heterostructures with microporous hydrogenated CoOx (H-CoOx) nanowires as the conducting scaffold to support Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. Benefiting from the H-CoOx nanowire core to provide the effective pathway for charge transport and the core-shell heterostructures with synergistic effects, the H-CoOx@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire electrode achieved the specific capacitance of 2196 F g-1 (areal capacitance of 5.73 F cm-2), which is approximately a 1.4-fold enhancement compared with the Co3O4@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowires. An aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated by using H-CoOx@Ni(OH)2 nanowires as the positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide @Fe3O4 nanocomposites as the negative electrode. The ASCs achieved high energy density (~45.3 W h kg-1 at

  3. Colloidal silver nanoparticles prepared by UV-light induced citrate reduction technique for the quantitative detection of uric acid

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maity, Anupam; Panda, Sovan Kumar

    2018-04-01

    Reddish-yellow color colloid consisting of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been synthesized by reducing aqueous AgNO3 solution by photo-induced citrate reduction technique under UV light. As prepared colloid exhibits single and intense plasmonic absorption peak in the violet region of the visible spectra with the peak centered at 405 nm. The NPs are fine and spherical with diameter ranging from 5 to 10 nm. These colloidal NPs have been used for the quantitative detection of uric acid by UV-VIS spectroscopy. A linear red shifting of the characteristics Plasmonic absorption peak of Ag NPs is observed with uric acid concentration. Uric acid can be detected by UV-VIS spectroscopy down to 5 nM limit using the prepared colloid.

  4. Single-step Preparation of Nano-homogeneous NiO/YSZ Comp osite Ano de for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Jung-Hoon Song; Mi Young Park; Hye Won Park; Hyung-Tae Lim

    2013-01-01

    Homogeneous co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment were used to prepare nano-and highly dispersed NiO/YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) composite powders. Composite powders of size less than 100 nm were successfully prepared. This process did not require separate sintering of the YSZ and NiO to be used as the raw materials for solid oxide fuel cells. The performance of a cell fabricated using the new powders (max. power density∼0.87 W/cm2) was higher than that of a cell fabricated using conventional powders (max. power density∼0.73 W/cm2). Co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment proved to be very effective processes for reducing cell production costs as well as improving cell performance.

  5. Co-Processing of Jatropha-Derived Bio-Oil with Petroleum Distillates over Mesoporous CoMo and NiMo Sulfide Catalysts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shih-Yuan Chen

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available The co-processing of an unconventional type of Jatropha bio-oil with petroleum distillates over mesoporous alumina-supported CoMo and NiMo sulfide catalysts (denoted CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and NiMo/γ-Al2O3 was studied. Either a stainless-steel high-pressure batch-type reactor or an up-flow fixed-bed reaction system was used under severe reaction conditions (330–350 °C and 5–7 MPa, similar to the conditions of the conventional diesel hydrodesulfurization (HDS process. To understand the catalytic performance of the mesoporous sulfide catalysts for co-processing, we prepared two series of oil feedstocks. First, model diesel oils, consisting of hydrocarbons and model molecules with various heteroatoms (sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen were used for the study of the reaction mechanisms. Secondly, low-grade oil feedstocks, which were prepared by dissolving of an unconventional type of Jatropha bio-oil (ca. 10 wt % in the petroleum distillates, were used to study the practical application of the catalysts. Surface characterization by gas sorption, spectroscopy, and electron microscopy indicated that the CoMo/γ-Al2O3 sulfide catalyst, which has a larger number of acidic sites and coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS on the mesoporous alumina framework, was associated with small Co-incorporated MoS2-like slabs with high stacking numbers and many active sites at the edges and corners. In contrast, the NiMo/γ-Al2O3 sulfide catalyst, which had a lower number of acidic sites and CUS on mesoporous alumina framework, was associated with large Ni-incorporated MoS2-like slabs with smaller stacking numbers, yielding more active sites at the brims and corresponding to high hydrogenation (HYD activity. Concerning the catalytic performance, the mesoporous CoMo/γ-Al2O3 sulfide catalyst with large CUS number was highly active for the conventional diesel HDS process; unfortunately, it was deactivated when oxygen- and nitrogen-containing model molecules or Jatropha bio

  6. Composite Ni-Co-fly ash coatings on 5083 aluminium alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Panagopoulos, C.N., E-mail: chpanag@metal.ntua.gr [Laboratory of Physical Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, Zografos, 15780 Athens (Greece); Georgiou, E.P.; Tsopani, A.; Piperi, L. [Laboratory of Physical Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, Zografos, 15780 Athens (Greece)

    2011-03-15

    Ni-Co-fly ash coatings were deposited on zincate treated 5083 wrought aluminium alloy substrates with the aid of the electrodeposition technique. Structural and chemical characterization of the produced composite coatings was performed with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) techniques. The Ni-Co-fly ash coatings were found to consist of a crystalline Ni-Co solid solution with dispersed fly ash particles. In addition, chemical analysis of the Ni-Co matrix showed that it consisted of 80 wt.% Ni and 20 wt.% Co. The co-deposition of fly ash particles leads to a significant increase of the microhardness of the coating. The corrosion behaviour of the Ni-Co-fly ash/zincate coated aluminium alloy, in a 0.3 M NaCl solution (pH = 3.5), was studied by means of potentiodynamic corrosion experiments.

  7. 11C-radioisotope study of methanol co-reaction with ethanol over Ni-MCM-41 silica-alumina and Ni-alumina

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sarkadi-Priboczki, E.; Kovacs, Z.; Tsoncheva, T.; Kumar, N.; Murzin, D.Yu.

    2009-01-01

    Complete text of publication follows. The Ni modifies the properties of acidic alumina and light acidic MCM-41 silica-alumina supports. The radioisotopic method is a suitable tool for distinction of the 11 Cradioisotopic methanol and its co-derivates from derivates of non-radioactive ethanol on these catalysts. Experimental. The Ni/A l 2O 3 (5 wt % Ni) is commercially available while H-MCMN-41 (Si/Al=20) and Ni-ion-exchanged MCM-41 silica-alumina (5 wt % Ni) were prepared and characterized in previous works. Before catalysis the Ni/Al 2 O 3 and Ni-MCM-41 were pre-reduced. The 11 C-methanol was formed by a radiochemical process from 11 C-carbon dioxide produced at cyclotron (T 1/2 = 20.4 min). The mixture of equivalent volume of radioactive methanol and non-radioactive ethanol was introduced into glass tube micro-flow reactor at ambient temperature. After adsorption, the valves were closed and the catalyst was heated up to the required temperatures. The desorption rate of the remaining 11 C-derivatives on catalysts were continuously followed by radiodetectors and the derivatives of methanol with ethanol were analyzed by Radio/FID-gas chromatography (FID is coupled on-line with a radiodetector). The ethanol and its derivates were identified by FID while the 11 C-methanol and its co-derivates (with ethanol) were detected by both of FID and radiodetector. Results The 11 C-dimethyl ether was the common product of the single 11 C-methanol transformation on H-MCM-41, Ni-MCM-41 and Ni- Al 2 O 3 at low temperature (200-280 degC) due to middle strong acid sites. At higher temperature (280-350 degC), the dimethyl ether and hydrocarbons were the dominant products on H-MCM-41 while dimethyl ether selectivity decreased on Ni-alumina and Ni-MCM-41 in favor of methane. The selectivities of methanol to formaldehyde and methane were the highest on Ni-MCM-41. During co-reaction of 11 C-methanol with non-radioactive ethanol, the 11 C-labeled coethers, namely 11 C-methyl ethyl ether

  8. Patterned Colloidal Photonic Crystals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hou, Jue; Li, Mingzhu; Song, Yanlin

    2018-03-01

    Colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) have been well developed because they are easy to prepare, cost-effective, and versatile with regards to modification and functionalization. Patterned colloidal PCs contribute a novel approach to constructing high-performance PC devices with unique structures and specific functions. In this review, an overview of the strategies for fabricating patterned colloidal PCs, including patterned substrate-induced assembly, inkjet printing, and selective immobilization and modification, is presented. The advantages of patterned PC devices are also discussed in detail, for example, improved detection sensitivity and response speed of the sensors, control over the flow direction and wicking rate of microfluidic channels, recognition of cross-reactive molecules through an array-patterned microchip, fabrication of display devices with tunable patterns, well-arranged RGB units, and wide viewing-angles, and the ability to construct anti-counterfeiting devices with different security strategies. Finally, the perspective of future developments and challenges is presented. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  9. PtRu colloid nanoparticles for CO oxidation in microfabricated reactors

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Klerke, Asbjørn; Saadi, Souheil; Toftegaard, Maja Bøg

    2006-01-01

    The catalytic activity of PtRu colloid nanoparticles for CO oxidation is investigated in microfabricated reactors. The measured catalytic performance describes a volcano curve as a function of the Pt/Ru ratio. The apparent activation energies for the different alloy catalysts are between 21 and 1...

  10. Effect of d electrons on defect properties in equiatomic NiCoCr and NiCoFeCr concentrated solid solution alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Shijun; Egami, Takeshi; Stocks, G. Malcolm; Zhang, Yanwen

    2018-01-01

    The role of d electrons in determining distributions of formation and migration energies for point defects in equiatomic NiCoCr and NiCoFeCr concentrated solid solution alloys (CSAs) are studied regarding electron density deformation flexibility based on first-principles calculations. The disordered state is taken into account by constructing special quasirandom structures. The migration barriers are determined by directly optimizing the saddle point. It is found that the formation energies of interstitials in CSAs are lower than those in pure Ni, whereas the formation energies of vacancies are higher. In both NiCoCr and NiCoFeCr, Co-related dumbbell interstitials exhibit lower formation energies. Notably, the distributions of migration energies for Cr interstitials and vacancies exhibit a remarkable overlap region. A detailed analysis of electronic properties reveals that the electronic charge deformation flexibility regarding eg to t2g transition has a dominant effect on defect energetics for different elements in CSAs. Thus the electron deformation ability is suggested as a key factor in understanding the peculiar defect behavior in CSAs.

  11. Magnetic properties of Co-Rh and Ni-Rh nanowires

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sondon, Tristana; Saul, Andres; Guevara, Javier

    2007-01-01

    We have calculated the magnetic properties of pure Ni, Co and Rh, and alloyed Co-Rh and Ni-Rh free-standing nanowires by an ab initio method. We have found that the pure Co and Ni wires present an enhanced magnetic moment with respect to their bulk values, and we have obtained that a magnetic order appears for pure Rh wires. For concentrations up to 50% Rh, in the alloyed Ni-Rh linear chains there is an enhancement of the total magnetic moment with respect to the pure nanowires, and in the case of Co-Rh the alloying with Rh enhances the Co magnetic moment. In both systems we obtain very high Rh magnetic moments

  12. Facile synthesis of single-crystal mesoporous CoNiO2 nanosheets assembled flowers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Yanguo; Zhao, Yanyan; Yu, Yanlong; Ahmad, Mashkoor; Sun, Hongyu

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Mesoporous CoNiO 2 microflowers have been synthesized. • Li-ion batteries performance of CoNiO 2 has been investigated. • CoNiO 2 structure delivers high capacity, good cycling stability and high rate capability. • The electrochemical performance is attributed to the mesoporous nature and the 3D structure. • CoNiO 2 can be considered to be an attractive candidate as an electrode material for LIBs. - Abstract: Mesoporous CoNiO 2 microflowers assembled with single-crystal nanosheets were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing process and their lithium storage capacity were investigated. The structural and compositional analysis of the mesoporous CoNiO 2 microflowers has been studied by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Bruauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of CoNiO 2 microflowers has been calculated by the nitrogen isotherm curve and pore size distribution has been determined by the Barret–Joyner–Halenda method. It has been found that the as-prepared CoNiO 2 electrodes delivered satisfied capacity, good cycling stability and rate capability. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the mesoporous nature and the 3D assembled structure. Therefore, such a structure can be considered to be an attractive candidate as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries

  13. Pb3O4 type antimony oxides MSb2O4 (M = Co, Ni) as anode for Li-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jibin, A.K.; Reddy, M.V.; Subba Rao, G.V.; Varadaraju, U.V.; Chowdari, B.V.R.

    2012-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Isostructural Pb 3 O 4 type MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) compounds were investigated as possible anodes for lithium ion batteries. The reversible capacity is due to electrochemically active Sb and the transition metal and Li 2 O form an inactive matrix which buffers volume variations associated with alloying-de-alloying of antimony. Highlights: ► Isostructural MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) were studied as anode for LIBs for first time. ► Li/MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) cells displayed reversibility due to electrochemically active Sb. ► CoSb 2 O 4 showed good reversibility compared to NiSb 2 O 4 . - Abstract: Polycrystalline samples of isostructural MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) have been prepared by solid state synthesis and lithium-storage is investigated as possible anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The reaction mechanism of lithium with MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) is explored by galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammogram and ex situ studies. Both CoSb 2 O 4 and NiSb 2 O 4 exhibit similar electrochemical behavior and show reversible capacity of 490 and 412 mAh g −1 respectively in the first cycle. Reversible alloying de-alloying of Li x Sb takes place in an amorphous matrix of M (Co, Ni) and Li 2 O during electrochemical cycling.

  14. Preparation and electrochemical properties of La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 (x = 0, 0.30, 0.33, 0.36, 0.39) hydrogen storage alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tian, Xiao; Wei, Wei; Duan, Ruxia; Zheng, Xinyao; Zhang, Huaiwei; Tegus, O.; Li, Xingguo

    2016-01-01

    The as-cast alloy with the composition of La_0_._7_0Ni_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 was prepared by vacuum arc melting. La–Mg–Ni-based La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 hydrogen storage alloy has been synthesized by high-energy vibratory milling blending of the La_0_._7_0Ni_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 as-cast alloy and elemental Mg, followed by an isothermal annealing. The microstructures and electrochemical properties of the La_0_._7_0Ni_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 and La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The XRD analysis and Rietveld refinement showed that the as-cast La_0_._7_0Ni_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 alloy consists of single LaNi_5 phase, whereas the La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 alloys contain the LaNi_5 and (La, Mg)_2Ni_7. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the maximum discharge capacity and discharge potential characteristic of the La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 alloys increases first and then decreases with increasing x. The maximum discharge capacity and discharge potential characteristic of alloy reaches the optimum when x is 0.36. The cyclic stability of the La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 alloy with a smaller quantity of Mg is better than that of the alloy with a larger quantity of Mg. - Highlights: • La–Mg–Ni-based alloy was synthesized by melting, milling and subsequent annealing. • Mg atoms exist in the La_2Ni_7 phase prior to LaNi_5 phase. • The La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 alloys consist of the LaNi_5 and (La, Mg)_2Ni_7. • The more Mg element the alloys contain, the easier aggregation Mg atom is. • The C_m_a_x of La_0_._7_0Mg_xNi_2_._4_5Co_0_._7_5Al_0_._3_0 alloy first increases and then decreases with rising x.

  15. Preparation of layered oxide Li(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2 via the sol-gel process

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    ZHANG Wen; LIU Hanxing; HU Chen; ZHU Xianjun; LI Yanxi

    2008-01-01

    To obtain homogenous layered oxide Li(Co1/3Ni1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2 as a lithium insertion positive electrode material,the sol-gel process using citric acid as a chelating agent was applied.The material Li(Co1/3,Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2 was synthesized at different calcination temperatures.XRD experiment indicated that the hyered Li(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2material could he synthesized at a lower temperature of 800℃,and the oxidation state of Co,Ni,and Mn in the cathode confirmed by XPS were +3,+2,and +4,respectively.SEM observations showed that the synthesized material could form homogenous particle morphology with the particle size of about 200nm In spite of different calcination temperatures,the charge-discharge curves of all the samples for the initial cycle were similar,and the cathode synthesized at 900℃ showed a small irreversible capacity loss of 11.24% and a high discharge capacity of 212.2 mAh.g-1 in the voltage range of 2.9-4.6 V.

  16. Magnetic nanowires (Fe, Fe-Co, Fe-Ni – magnetic moment reorientation in respect of wires composition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kalska-Szostko Beata

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Magnetic nanowires of Fe, Fe-Co, and Fe-Ni alloy and layered structure were prepared by electrochemical alternating current (AC deposition method. The morphology of the nanowires in and without the matrix was studied by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD, respectively. The wires either show strong dependence on the combination of elements deposition (alloy or layered or chemical composition (Co or Ni. The magnetic properties of the nanostructures were determined on the basis of Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS.

  17. Ni/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared with Nickel Nitrate Precursor for Combination of CO2 Reforming and Partial Oxidation of Methane: Characterization and Deactivation Mechanism Investigation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sufang He

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The performance of Ni/SiO2 catalyst in the process of combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane to produce syngas was studied. The Ni/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by using incipient wetness impregnation method with nickel nitrate as a precursor and characterized by FT-IR, TG-DTA, UV-Raman, XRD, TEM, and H2-TPR. The metal nickel particles with the average size of 37.5 nm were highly dispersed over the catalyst, while the interaction between nickel particles and SiO2 support is relatively weak. The weak NiO-SiO2 interaction disappeared after repeating oxidation-reduction-oxidation in the fluidized bed reactor at 700°C, which resulted in the sintering of metal nickel particles. As a result, a rapid deactivation of the Ni/SiO2 catalysts was observed in 2.5 h reaction on stream.

  18. Effect of chlorine on performance of Pd catalysts prepared via colloidal immobilization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Zhao, Yingnan; Liang, Wanwei; Li, Yongdan; Lefferts, Leon

    2017-01-01

    This contribution shows the effect of residual chlorine on the catalytic performance of a Pd-based catalyst in the hydrogenation of nitrite for cleaning of drinking water. The catalyst was prepared via immobilization a colloidal Pd nanoparticles using activated carbon as support. Different amount of

  19. High-performance cobalt carbonate hydroxide nano-dot/NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Damin; Xia, Qi Xun; Yun, Je Moon; Kim, Kwang Ho

    2018-03-01

    Binder-free mesoporous NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 nanowire arrays were grown using a facile hydrothermal technique. The Co2(CO3)(OH)2 in NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 nanowire arrays was well-decorated as nano-dot scale (a few nanometer). In addition, increasing cobalt content in nickel compound matrix, NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 nanowire arrays were separately uniformly grown without agglomeration on Ni foam, providing a high specific surface area to help electrolyte access and ion transfer. The enticing composition and morphology of the NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 nanowire exhibit a superior specific capacity of 1288.2 mAh g-1 at a current density of 3 A g-1 and excellent cycling stability with the capacity retention of 80.7% after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor composed of the NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 composite as a positive electrode and the graphene as a negative electrode presented a high energy density of 35.5 W h kg-1 at a power density of 2555.6 W kg-1 and satisfactory cycling stability with 71.3% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles. The great combination of the active nano-dot Co2(CO3)(OH)2 and the individually grown NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 nanowires made it a promising electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors. A well-developed nanoarchitecture of the nano-dot Co2(CO3)(OH)2 decorated NiCo(CO3)(OH)2 composite could pave the way for an excellent electrode design for high-performance supercapacitors.

  20. Heterobimetallic [NiFe] Complexes Containing Mixed CO/CN- Ligands: Analogs of the Active Site of the [NiFe] Hydrogenases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perotto, Carlo U; Sodipo, Charlene L; Jones, Graham J; Tidey, Jeremiah P; Blake, Alexander J; Lewis, William; Davies, E Stephen; McMaster, Jonathan; Schröder, Martin

    2018-03-05

    The development of synthetic analogs of the active sites of [NiFe] hydrogenases remains challenging, and, in spite of the number of complexes featuring a [NiFe] center, those featuring CO and CN - ligands at the Fe center are under-represented. We report herein the synthesis of three bimetallic [NiFe] complexes [Ni( N 2 S 2 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ], [Ni( S 4 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ], and [Ni( N 2 S 3 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ] that each contain a Ni center that bridges through two thiolato S donors to a {Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 } unit. X-ray crystallographic studies on [Ni( N 2 S 3 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ], supported by DFT calculations, are consistent with a solid-state structure containing distinct molecules in the singlet ( S = 0) and triplet ( S = 1) states. Each cluster exhibits irreversible reduction processes between -1.45 and -1.67 V vs Fc + /Fc and [Ni( N 2 S 3 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ] possesses a reversible oxidation process at 0.17 V vs Fc + /Fc. Spectroelectrochemical infrared (IR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, are consistent with a Ni III Fe II formulation for [Ni( N 2 S 3 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ] + . The singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in [Ni( N 2 S 3 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ] + is based on Ni 3d z 2 and 3p S with the S contributions deriving principally from the apical S-donor. The nature of the SOMO corresponds to that proposed for the Ni-C state of the [NiFe] hydrogenases for which a Ni III Fe II formulation has also been proposed. A comparison of the experimental structures, and the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of [Ni( N 2 S 3 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ] and its [Ni( N 2 S 3 )] precursor, together with calculations on the oxidized [Ni( N 2 S 3 )Fe(CO) 2 (CN) 2 ] + and [Ni( N 2 S 3 )] + forms suggests that the binding of the {Fe(CO)(CN) 2 } unit to the {Ni(CysS) 4 } center at the active site of the [NiFe] hydrogenases suppresses thiolate-based oxidative chemistry involving the bridging thiolate S donors

  1. Towards deriving Ni-rich cathode and oxide-based anode materials from hydroxides by sharing a facile co-precipitation method.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qiu, Haifa; Du, Tengfei; Wu, Junfeng; Wang, Yonglong; Liu, Jian; Ye, Shihai; Liu, Sheng

    2018-05-22

    Although intensive studies have been conducted on layered transition metal oxide(TMO)-based cathode materials and metal oxide-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries, their precursors generally follow different or even complex synthesis routes. To share one route for preparing precursors of the cathode and anode materials, herein, we demonstrate a facile co-precipitation method to fabricate Ni-rich hydroxide precursors of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2. Ni-rich layered oxide of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 is obtained by lithiation of the precursor in air. An NiO-based anode material is prepared by calcining the precursor or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) incorporated precursors. The pre-addition of ammonia solution can simplify the co-precipitation procedures and the use of an air atmosphere can also make the heat treatment facile. LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as the cathode material delivers a reversible capacity of 194 mA h g-1 at 40 mA g-1 and a notable cycling retention of 88.8% after 100 cycles at 200 mA g-1. This noticeable performance of the cathode arises from a decent particle morphology and high crystallinity of the layered oxides. As the anode material, the MWCNTs-incorporated oxides deliver a much higher reversible capacity of 811.1 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles compared to the pristine oxides without MWCNTs. The improvement on electrochemical performance can be attributed to synergistic effects from MWCNTs incorporation, including reinforced electronic conductivity, rich meso-pores and an alleviated volume effect. This facile and sharing method may offer an integrated and economical approach for commercial production of Ni-rich electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.

  2. In-operando elucidation of bimetallic CoNi nanoparticles during high-temperature CH 4 /CO 2 reaction

    KAUST Repository

    Al-Sabban, Bedour

    2017-05-02

    Dry reforming of methane (DRM) proceeds via CH4 decomposition to leave surface carbon species, followed by their removal with CO2-derived species. Reactivity tuning for stoichiometric CH4/CO2 reactants was attempted by alloying the non-noble metals Co and Ni, which have high affinity with CO2 and high activity for CH4 decomposition, respectively. This study was focused on providing evidence of the capturing surface coverage of the reactive intermediates and the associated structural changes of the metals during DRM at high temperature using in-operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). On the Co catalysts, the first-order effects with respect to CH4 pressure and negative-order effects with respect to CO2 pressure on the DRM rate are consistent with the competitive adsorption of the surface oxygen species on the same sites as the CH4 decomposition reaction. The Ni surface provides comparatively higher rates of CH4 decomposition and the resultant DRM than the Co catalyst but leaves some deposited carbon on the catalyst surface. In contrast, the bimetallic CoNi catalyst exhibits reactivity towards the DRM but with kinetic orders resembling Co catalyst, producing negligible carbon deposition by balancing CH4 and CO2 activation. The in-operando X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements confirmed that the Co catalyst was progressively oxidized from the surface to the bulk with reaction time, whereas CoNi and Ni remained relatively reduced during DRM. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation considering the high reaction temperature for DRM confirmed the unselective site arrangement between Co and Ni atoms in both the surface and bulk of the alloy nanoparticle (NP). The calculated heat of oxygen chemisorption became more exothermic in the order of Ni, CoNi, Co, consistent with the catalytic behavior. The comprehensive experimental and theoretical evidence provided herein clearly suggests

  3. Nonlinear-Optical and Fluorescent Properties of Ag Aqueous Colloid Prepared by Silver Nitrate Reduction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaoqiang Zhang

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The nonlinear-optical properties of metal Ag colloidal solutions, which were prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate, were investigated using Z-scan method. Under picosecond 532 nm excitation, the Ag colloidal solution exhibited negative nonlinear refractive index (n2=−5.17×10−4 cm2/W and reverse saturable absorption coefficient (β=4.32 cm/GW. The data fitting result of optical limiting (OL response of metal Ag colloidal solution indicated that the nonlinear absorption was attributed to two-photon absorption effect at 532 nm. Moreover, the fluorescence emission spectra of Ag colloidal solution were recorded under excitations at both 280 nm and 350 nm. Two fluorescence peaks, 336 nm and 543 nm for 280 nm excitation, while 544 nm and 694 nm for 350 nm excitation, were observed.

  4. Magnetic exchange at realistic CoO/Ni interfaces

    KAUST Repository

    Grytsiuk, Sergii

    2012-07-30

    We study the CoO/Ni interface by first principles calculations. Because the lattice mismatch is large, a realistic description requires a huge supercell. We investigate two interface configurations: in interface 1 the coupling between the Ni and Co atoms is mediated by O, whereas in interface 2 the Ni and Co atoms are in direct contact. We find that the magnetization (including the orbital moment) in interface 1 has a similar value as in bulk Ni but opposite sign, while in interface 2 it grows by 164%. The obtained magnetic moments can be explained by the local atomic environments. In addition, we find effects of charge transfer between the interface atoms. The Co 3d local density of states of interface 2 exhibits surprisingly small deviations from the corresponding bulk result, although the first coordination sphere is no longer octahedral. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

  5. Magnetic exchange at realistic CoO/Ni interfaces

    KAUST Repository

    Grytsyuk, Sergiy; Cossu, Fabrizio; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

    2012-01-01

    We study the CoO/Ni interface by first principles calculations. Because the lattice mismatch is large, a realistic description requires a huge supercell. We investigate two interface configurations: in interface 1 the coupling between the Ni and Co atoms is mediated by O, whereas in interface 2 the Ni and Co atoms are in direct contact. We find that the magnetization (including the orbital moment) in interface 1 has a similar value as in bulk Ni but opposite sign, while in interface 2 it grows by 164%. The obtained magnetic moments can be explained by the local atomic environments. In addition, we find effects of charge transfer between the interface atoms. The Co 3d local density of states of interface 2 exhibits surprisingly small deviations from the corresponding bulk result, although the first coordination sphere is no longer octahedral. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

  6. Isothermal sections of the Co-Ni-Ti system at 950 and 1 000 C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Han; Jin, Zhanpeng [Central South Univ., Changsha (China). School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhou, Peng [Hunan Univ. of Science and Technology, Xiangtan (China). Hunan Provincial Key Defense Lab. of High Temperature Wear Resisting Materials and Preparation Technology; Du, Yong [Central South Univ., Changsha (China). State Key Lab. of Powder Metallurgy

    2018-02-15

    The isothermal sections of the Co-Ni-Ti system at 950 and 1000 C were investigated experimentally. Diffusion couples were measured by electron probe microanalysis to construct the phase relations at 950 C, whereas eleven key alloys annealed at 1000 C were investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. The ternary phase, τ-(Co,Ni){sub 3}Ti (hP24-VCo{sub 3}), was observed at both temperatures. At 950 C, continuous solid solutions are formed between CoTi{sub 2} and NiTi{sub 2} as well as between CoTi and NiTi. Eight 3-phase regions, i. e. Ni{sub 3}Ti + (Co,Ni)Ti + τ, Ni{sub 3}Ti + γ-(Co,Ni) + τ, τ + c-Co{sub 2}Ti + (Co,Ni)Ti, τ + c-Co{sub 2}Ti + Co{sub 3}Ti, τ + Co{sub 3}Ti + γ-(Co,Ni), c-Co{sub 2}Ti + h-Co{sub 2}Ti + Co{sub 3}Ti, L + β-(Ti) + (Co,Ni)Ti{sub 2} and L + (Co,Ni)Ti{sub 2} + (Co,Ni)Ti, were constructed at 1000 C. Considerable ternary solubilities in Ni{sub 3}Ti, Co{sub 3}Ti and c-Co{sub 2}Ti were determined.

  7. Colloid Titration--A Rapid Method for the Determination of Charged Colloid.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ueno, Keihei; Kina, Ken'yu

    1985-01-01

    "Colloid titration" is a volumetric method for determining charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions. The principle of colloid titration, reagents used in the procedure, methods of endpoint detection, preparation of reagent solutions, general procedure used, results obtained, and pH profile of colloid titration are considered. (JN)

  8. Tracer diffusion of 60Co and 63Ni in amorphous NiZr alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoshino, K.; Averback, R.S.; Hahn, H.; Rothman, S.J.

    1987-01-01

    Tracer diffusion of 60 Co and 63 Ni in equiatomic amorphous NiZr alloy in the temperature range between 486 and 641 0 K can be described by: D/sub Co/sup */ = 3.7 x 10 -7 exp[-(135 +- 14) kJ mole -1 /RT] m 2 /sec and D/sub Ni//sup */ = 1.7 x 10 -7 exp[-(140 +- 9) kJ mole -1 /RT] m 2 /sec. The values of D/sub Ni//sup */ are in reasonable agreement with those measured by the Rutherford backscattering technique. The measured diffusivities were independent of time, indicating that no relaxation took place during diffusion. 27 refs., 2 tabs

  9. Facile construction of dual bandgap optical encoding materials with PS@P(HEMA-co-AA)/SiO2-TMPTA colloidal photonic crystals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Yu; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Si-Si; Yang, Shengyang; Yin, Su-Na; Wang, Cai-Feng; Chen, Li; Chen, Su

    2016-07-01

    An operable strategy for the construction of dual-reflex optical code materials from bilayer or Janus-structure colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) has been established in this work. In this process, monodispersed submicrometer polystryene@poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel microspheres with soft-shell/hard-core structure and monodispersed colloidal silica spheres were fabricated. These two kinds of colloidal units can be facilely integrated into a single material without optical signal interference because they are well isolated for the immiscibility between water and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and the upper layer of SiO2-TMPTA is a kind of transparent. Moreover, diverse optical code series with different dual photonic bandgaps can be obtained via tuning the colloid sizes. Compared to the conventional single-reflex CPCs, the as-prepared dual-reflex optical code materials represented high information capacity in encoding process. More interesting, delicate code pattern has been also achieved on the optical film via the silk-screen printing technique, which will greatly extend the dual-reflex optical code materials to practical uses in areas containing bio-encoding, anti-counterfeiting, and flexible displays.

  10. Influence of preparation method on supported Cu-Ni alloys and their catalytic properties in high pressure CO hydrogenation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wu, Qiongxiao; Eriksen, Winnie L.; Duchstein, Linus Daniel Leonhard

    2014-01-01

    (50 bar CO and 50 bar H2). These alloy catalysts are highly selective (more than 99 mol%) and active for methanol synthesis; however, loss of Ni caused by nickel carbonyl formation is found to be a serious issue. The Ni carbonyl formation should be considered, if Ni-containing catalysts (even...... high surface area silica supported catalysts (BET surface area up to 322 m2 g-1, and metal area calculated from X-ray diffraction particle size up to 29 m2 g-1). The formation of bimetallic Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles has been studied during reduction using in situ X-ray diffraction. Compared...

  11. The Synergy Effect of Ni-M (M = Mo, Fe, Co, Mn or Cr Bicomponent Catalysts on Partial Methanation Coupling with Water Gas Shift under Low H2/CO Conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xinxin Dong

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Ni-M (M = Mo, Fe, Co, Mn or Cr bicomponent catalysts were prepared through the co-impregnation method for upgrading low H2/CO ratio biomass gas into urban gas through partial methanation coupling with water gas shift (WGS. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD, H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR, H2 temperature programmed desorption (H2-TPD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM and thermogravimetry (TG. The catalytic performances demonstrated that Mn and Cr were superior to the other three elements due to the increased fraction of reducible NiO particles, promoted dispersion of Ni nanoparticles and enhanced H2 chemisorption ability. The comparative study on Mn and Cr showed that Mn was more suitable due to its smaller carbon deposition rate and wider adaptability to various H2/CO and H2O/CO conditions, indicating its better synergy effect with Ni. A nearly 100 h, the lifetime test and start/stop cycle test further implied that 15Ni-3Mn was stable for industrial application.

  12. Bi-Component Nanostructured Arrays of Co Dots Embedded in Ni80Fe20 Antidot Matrix: Synthesis by Self-Assembling of Polystyrene Nanospheres and Magnetic Properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coïsson, Marco; Celegato, Federica; Barrera, Gabriele; Conta, Gianluca; Magni, Alessandro; Tiberto, Paola

    2017-08-23

    A bi-component nanostructured system composed by a Co dot array embedded in a Ni 80 Fe 20 antidot matrix has been prepared by means of the self-assembling polystyrene nanospheres lithography technique. Reference samples constituted by the sole Co dots or Ni 80 Fe 20 antidots have also been prepared, in order to compare their properties with those of the bi-component material. The coupling between the two ferromagnetic elements has been studied by means of magnetic and magneto-transport measurements. The Ni 80 Fe 20 matrix turned out to affect the vortex nucleation field of the Co dots, which in turn modifies the magneto-resistance behaviour of the system and its spinwave properties.

  13. Effect of Ti content on structure and properties of Al2CrFeNiCoCuTix high-entropy alloy coatings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qiu, X.W.; Zhang, Y.P.; Liu, C.G.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding. • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x coatings show excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x coatings play a good protective effect on Q235 steel. • Ti element promotes the formation of a BCC structure in a certain extent. -- Abstract: The Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The structure, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and magnetic property were studied by metallurgical microscope, scanning electron microscopy with spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction, micro/Vickers hardness tester, electrochemical workstation tribometer and multi-physical tester. The result shows that, Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy samples consist of the cladding zone, bounding zone, heat affected zone and substrate zone. The bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate of a good combination; the cladding zone is composed mainly of equiaxed grains and columnar crystal; the phase structure of Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings simple for FCC, BCC and Laves phase due to high-entropy affect. Ti element promotes the formation of a BCC structure in a certain extent. Compared with Q235 steel, the free-corrosion current density of Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings is reduced by 1–2 orders of magnitude, the free-corrosion potential is more “positive”. With the increasing of Ti content, the corrosion resistance of Al 2 CrFeCoCuNiTi x high-entropy alloy coatings enhanced in 0.5 mol/L HNO 3 solution. Compared with Q235 steel, the relative wear resistance of Al 2 CrFeCoCuNiTi x high-entropy alloy coatings has improved greatly; both the hardness and plasticity are affecting wear resistance. Magnetization loop shows that, Ti 0.0 high-entropy alloy is a kind of soft magnetic materials

  14. Structural and textural study of Ni and/or Co in a common molybdate lattice as catalysts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boukhlouf H.

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available This work deals with the search for new molybdate catalyst formulations, which are known to be active in light alkane oxidative dehydrogenation, a process which could be replace in the near future the common steam cracking and pure dehydrogenation processes currently used for the production of alkenes. Co, Ni and mixed Ni-Co molybdates of various compositions are prepared by a modified coprecipitation procedure from metal nitrates and ammonium heptamolybdate. Their structural and textural properties were studied by XRD, Raman, B.E.T and XPS. Textural and structural properties of the materials are correlated to the composition.

  15. MAu2GeS4-Chalcogel (M = Co, Ni): Heterogeneous Intra- and Intermolecular Hydroamination Catalysts

    KAUST Repository

    Davaasuren, Bambar

    2017-08-08

    High surface area macroporous chalcogenide aerogels (chalcogels) MAu2GeS4 (M = Co, Ni) were prepared from K2Au2GeS4 precursor and Co(OAc)2 or NiCl2 by one-pot sol-gel metathesis reactions in aqueous media. The MAu2GeS4-chalcogels were screened for catalytic intramolecular hydroamination of 4-pentyn-1-amine substrate at different temperatures. 87% and 58% conversion was achieved at 100 °C, using CoAu2GeS4- and NiAu2GeS4-chalcogels respectively, and the reaction kinetics follows the first order. It was established that the catalytic performance of the aerogels is associated with the M(2+) centers present in the structure. Intermolecular hydroamination of aniline with 1-R-4-ethynylbenzene (R = -H, -OCH3, -Br, -F) was carried out at 100 °C using CoAu2GeS4-chalcogel catalyst, due to its promising catalytic performance. The CoAu2GeS4-chalcogel regioselectively converted the pair of substrates to respective Markovnikov products, (E)-1-(4-R-phenyl)-N-phenylethan-1-imine, with 38% to 60% conversion.

  16. MAu2GeS4-Chalcogel (M = Co, Ni): Heterogeneous Intra- and Intermolecular Hydroamination Catalysts

    KAUST Repository

    Davaasuren, Bambar; Emwas, Abdul-Hamid M.; Rothenberger, Alexander

    2017-01-01

    High surface area macroporous chalcogenide aerogels (chalcogels) MAu2GeS4 (M = Co, Ni) were prepared from K2Au2GeS4 precursor and Co(OAc)2 or NiCl2 by one-pot sol-gel metathesis reactions in aqueous media. The MAu2GeS4-chalcogels were screened for catalytic intramolecular hydroamination of 4-pentyn-1-amine substrate at different temperatures. 87% and 58% conversion was achieved at 100 °C, using CoAu2GeS4- and NiAu2GeS4-chalcogels respectively, and the reaction kinetics follows the first order. It was established that the catalytic performance of the aerogels is associated with the M(2+) centers present in the structure. Intermolecular hydroamination of aniline with 1-R-4-ethynylbenzene (R = -H, -OCH3, -Br, -F) was carried out at 100 °C using CoAu2GeS4-chalcogel catalyst, due to its promising catalytic performance. The CoAu2GeS4-chalcogel regioselectively converted the pair of substrates to respective Markovnikov products, (E)-1-(4-R-phenyl)-N-phenylethan-1-imine, with 38% to 60% conversion.

  17. Room-temperature ferromagnetic transitions and the temperature dependence of magnetic behaviors in FeCoNiCr-based high-entropy alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Na, Suok-Min; Yoo, Jin-Hyeong; Lambert, Paul K.; Jones, Nicholas J.

    2018-05-01

    High-entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multiple principle alloying elements exhibit unique properties so they are currently receiving great attention for developing innovative alloy designs. In FeCoNi-based HEAs, magnetic behaviors strongly depend on the addition of alloying elements, usually accompanied by structural changes. In this work, the effect of non-magnetic components on the ferromagnetic transition and magnetic behaviors in equiatomic FeCoNiCrX (X=Al, Ga, Mn and Sn) HEAs was investigated. Alloy ingots of nominal compositions of HEAs were prepared by arc melting and the button ingots were cut into discs for magnetic measurements as functions of magnetic field and temperature. The HEAs of FeCoNiCrMn and FeCoNiCrSn show typical paramagnetic behaviors, composed of solid solution FCC matrix, while the additions of Ga and Al in FeCoNiCr exhibit ferromagnetic behaviors, along with the coexistence of FCC and BCC phases due to spinodal decomposition. The partial phase transition in both HEAs with the additions of Ga and Al would enhance ferromagnetic properties due to the addition of the BCC phase. The saturation magnetization for the base alloy FeCoNiCr is 0.5 emu/g at the applied field of 20 kOe (TC = 104 K). For the HEAs of FeCoNiCrGa and FeCoNiCrAl, the saturation magnetization significantly increased to 38 emu/g (TC = 703 K) and 25 emu/g (TC = 277 K), respectively. To evaluate the possibility of solid solution FCC and BCC phases in FeCoNiCr-type HEAs, we introduced a parameter of valence electron concentration (VEC). The proposed rule for solid solution formation by the VEC was matched with FeCoNiCr-type HEAs.

  18. Hydrothermal growth of hierarchical Ni3S2 and Co3S4 on a reduced graphene oxide hydrogel@Ni foam: a high-energy-density aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghosh, Debasis; Das, Chapal Kumar

    2015-01-21

    Ni foam@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogel-Ni3S2 and Ni foam@rGO hydrogel-Co3S4 composites have been successfully synthesized with the aid of a two-step hydrothermal protocol, where the rGO hydrogel is sandwiched between the metal sulfide and Ni foam substrate. Sonochemical deposition of exfoliated rGO on Ni foam with subsequent hydrothermal treatment results in the formation of a rGO-hydrogel-coated Ni foam. Then second-time hydrothermal treatment of the dried Ni@rGO substrate with corresponding metal nitrate and sodium sulfide results in individual uniform growth of porous Ni3S2 nanorods and a Co3S4 self-assembled nanosheet on a Ni@rGO substrate. Both Ni@rGO-Ni3S2 and Ni@rGO-Co3S4 have been electrochemically characterized in a 6 M KOH electrolyte, exhibiting high specific capacitance values of 987.8 and 1369 F/g, respectively, at 1.5 A/g accompanied by the respective outstanding cycle stability of 97.9% and 96.6% at 12 A/g over 3000 charge-discharge cycles. An advanced aqueous asymmetric (AAS) supercapacitor has been fabricated by exploiting the as-prepared Ni@rGO-Co3S4 as a positive electrode and Ni@rGO-Ni3S2 as a negative electrode. The as-fabricated AAS has shown promising energy densities of 55.16 and 24.84 Wh/kg at high power densities of 975 and 13000 W/kg, respectively, along with an excellent cycle stability of 96.2% specific capacitance retention over 3000 charge-discharge cycles at 12 A/g. The enhanced specific capacitance, stupendous cycle stability, elevated energy density, and a power density as an AAS of these electrode materials indicate that it could be a potential candidate in the field of supercapacitors.

  19. Disorder controlled electrical transport properties of NdCo1−xNiO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, Rajesh; Shukla, D.K.; Kumar, Ravi

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •Single phase NdCo 1−x Ni x O 3 were prepared using solid state reaction method. •Drastic improvement in room temperature conductivity for substituted samples. •Arrhenius and VRH conduction models employed to explain electrical transport. •Disorder induced charge carrier localization dominates in the substituted samples. -- Abstract: The effect of Ni substitution on structural and electrical transport has been investigated in NdCo 1−x Ni x O 3 system for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5. The Rietveld refinement of XRD data confirms orthorhombic, Pbnm symmetry for all the samples. The lattice parameters and hence unit cell volume is found to increase linearly with increase in Ni concentration. Substitution of Ni leads to the increase in conductivity and samples have been found to display semiconducting behavior in measured range of temperature. The explanation for the variation of resistivity with substitution and temperature has been provided on the basis of substitutional disorder and spin state related effects. Arrhenius and variable range hopping conduction approaches have been used to explain the temperature variation of resistivity. These results suggest that disorder-induced localization of charge carriers dominate the electrical transport in the substituted samples

  20. CO2 methanation on the catalyst of Ni/MCM-41 promoted with CeO2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xiaoliu; Zhu, Lingjun; Liu, Yincong; Wang, Shurong

    2018-06-01

    CO 2 as a raw feed combined with renewable hydrogen for the production of useful chemicals and alternative energy products is one of the solutions to environmental and energy problems. In this study, a series of Ni-xCeO 2 /MCM-41 catalysts with a nickel content of 20wt% were prepared through deposition precipitation method for CO 2 methanation. Different characterization methods, including BET, XRD, TEM, SEM, H 2 -TPR and H 2 -TPD were applied to help explore the influence mechanism of CeO 2 on Ni/MCM-41 in CO 2 methanation. It was found that all CeO 2 -promoted catalysts exhibited enhanced catalytic activity when compared to Ni/MCM-41. The catalyst modified with 20wt% CeO 2 showed the best catalytic performance, with CO 2 conversion and CH 4 selectivity of 85.6% and 99.8%, respectively, at the temperature of 380°C under atmospheric pressure. The synergetic effects among Ni 0 active sites, the promoter and the support, including nickel dispersion improvement and increased CO 2 adsorption sites due to the addition of CeO 2 , were considered as important factors for high reactivity of the promoted catalysts. The stability test showed that the promoted catalyst maintained its high reactivity after 30h. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. CO2 photoreduction using NiO/InTaO4 in optical-fiber reactor for renewable energy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wang, Zhen-Yi; Chou, Hung-Chi; Wu, Jeffrey C.S.; Tsai, Din Ping; Mul, Guido

    2010-01-01

    The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels provides a direct route to produce renewable energy from sunlight. NiO loaded InTaO4 photocatalyst was prepared by a sol–gel method. Aqueous-phase CO2 photoreduction was performed in a quartz reactor to search for the highest photoactivity in a series

  2. Microporous Ni@NiO nanoparticles prepared by chemically dealloying Al_3Ni_2@Al nanoparticles as a high microwave absorption material

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pang, Yu; Xie, Xiubo; Li, Da; Chou, Wusheng; Liu, Tong

    2017-01-01

    The Al_3Ni_2@Al nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared from Ni_4_5Al_5_5 master alloy by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction method, and were subsequently dealloyed to produce porous Ni@NiO NPs of 36 nm. The pore size ranges from 0.7 to 1.6 nm, leading to large specific surface area of 69.5 m"2/g and big pore volume of 0.507 cc/g. The saturation magnetization (M_S) and coercivity (H_C) of the microporous Ni@NiO NPs are 11.5 emu/g and 5.2 Oe. They exhibit high microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection coefficient (RC) of −86.9 dB and an absorption bandwidth of 2.6 GHz (RC≤−10 dB) at thickness of 4.5 mm. The enhanced microwave absorption properties are attributed to the synergistic effect of the magnetic Ni core and dielectric NiO shell, and the micropore architecture. The NPs with micropore morphology and core/shell structure open a new way to modify the microwave absorption performance. - Graphical abstract: The microporous Ni/NiO nanoparticles prepared by chemically dealloying Al_3Ni_2@Al NPs exhibit high microwave absorption intensity (−86.9 dB) and wide absorption bandwidth (2.6 GHz for RC≤−10 dB). - Highlights: • Microporous Ni/NiO nanoparticals were prepared by chemically dealloying method. • They possessed micropores of 0.7–1.6 nm with a surface area of 69.5 m"2/g. • They showed high microwave absorption intensity and wide absorption bandwidth. • Microwave absorption mechanism was explained by micropore and core/shell structures.

  3. MOF derived Ni/Co/NC catalysts with enhanced properties for oxygen evolution reaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Jiapeng; Chen, Juan; Lin, Hao; Liu, Ruilai; Yang, Xiaobing

    2018-03-01

    Designing efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is very important for renewable energy storage and conversion devices. In this paper, we introduced a new strategy to synthesize Ni doped Co/NC catalysts (NC is the abbreviation of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon), which were derived from ZIF-67. All catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results show that Ni was well doped in the Ni/Co/NC catalysts and the doping of Ni has great influence on the OER activity of Ni/Co/NC catalysts. Among these catalysts, 0.50Ni/Co/NC exhibits the highest OER activity. The onset potential of 0.50Ni/Co/NC is 1.47 V, which is superior than the onset potential of Co/NC (1.54 V), 0.25Ni/Co/NC (1.48 V), 1.00Ni/Co/NC (1.53 V). The excellent OER activity of 0.50Ni/Co/NC catalyst makes its potential to be used on renewable energy storage.

  4. Growth of single-crystal W whiskers during humid H2/N2 reduction of Ni, Fe-Ni, and Co-Ni doped tungsten oxide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Shiliang; He Yuehui; Zou Jou; Wang Yong; Huang Han

    2009-01-01

    Numbers of W whiskers were obtained by reducing Ni, Ni-Fe, and Ni-Co doped tungsten oxide in a mixed atmosphere of humid H 2 and N 2 . The phases and morphologies of the reduction products were characterized by XRD and SEM. Intensive TEM and EDS analyses showed that the obtained whiskers were W single crystals which typical have alloyed particles (Ni-W, Fe-Ni, or Co-Ni-W) at the growth tips. The formed W whiskers were presumed to be induced by the alloyed particles. Our experimental results revealed that, during the reduction process of tungsten oxide, the pre-reduced Ni, Fe-Ni, or Co-Ni particles not only served as nucleation aids for the initial growth of W phase from W oxide but also played the roles of catalysts during the reductive decomposition of gaseous WO 2 (OH) 2 .

  5. Evaluation of Ca3(Co,M2O6 (M=Co, Fe, Mn, Ni as new cathode materials for solid-oxide fuel cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fushao Li

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Series compounds Ca3(Co0.9M0.12O6 (M=Co, Fe, Mn, Ni with hexagonal crystal structure were prepared by sol–gel route as the cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs. Effects of the varied atomic compositions on the structure, electrical conductivity, thermal expansion and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated. Experimental results showed that the lattice parameters of Ca3(Co0.9Fe0.12O6 and Ca3(Co0.9Mn0.12O6 were both expanded to certain degree. Electron-doping and hole-doping effects were expected in Ca3(Co0.9Mn0.12O6 and Ca3(Co0.9Ni0.12O6 respectively according to the chemical states of constituent elements and thermal-activated behavior of electrical conductivity. Thermal expansion coefficients (TEC of Ca3(Co0.9M0.12O6 were measured to be distributed around 16×10−6 K−1, and compositional elements of Fe, Mn, and Ni were especially beneficial for alleviation of the thermal expansion problem of cathode materials. By using Ca3(Co0.9M0.12O6 as the cathodes operated at 800 °C, the interfacial area-specific resistance varied in the order of M=CoCo. Among all of these compounds, Ca3(Co0.9Fe0.12O6 showed the best electrochemical performance and the power density as high as ca. 500 mW cm−2 at 800 °C achieved in the single cell with La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17O2.815 as electrolyte and Ni–Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 as anode. Ca3(Co0.9M0.12O6 (M=Co, Fe, Mn, Ni can be used as the cost-effective cathode materials for SOFCs.

  6. Method for the preparation of metal colloids in inverse micelles and product preferred by the method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilcoxon, Jess P.

    1992-01-01

    A method is provided for preparing catalytic elemental metal colloidal particles (e.g. gold, palladium, silver, rhodium, iridium, nickel, iron, platinum, molybdenum) or colloidal alloy particles (silver/iridium or platinum/gold). A homogeneous inverse micelle solution of a metal salt is first formed in a metal-salt solvent comprised of a surfactant (e.g. a nonionic or cationic surfactant) and an organic solvent. The size and number of inverse micelles is controlled by the proportions of the surfactant and the solvent. Then, the metal salt is reduced (by chemical reduction or by a pulsed or continuous wave UV laser) to colloidal particles of elemental metal. After their formation, the colloidal metal particles can be stabilized by reaction with materials that permanently add surface stabilizing groups to the surface of the colloidal metal particles. The sizes of the colloidal elemental metal particles and their size distribution is determined by the size and number of the inverse micelles. A second salt can be added with further reduction to form the colloidal alloy particles. After the colloidal elemental metal particles are formed, the homogeneous solution distributes to two phases, one phase rich in colloidal elemental metal particles and the other phase rich in surfactant. The colloidal elemental metal particles from one phase can be dried to form a powder useful as a catalyst. Surfactant can be recovered and recycled from the phase rich in surfactant.

  7. Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Co-Ni-Zr ternary system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Xingjun; Yang, Shuiyuan; Yu, Wenjie; Wang, Cuiping [Xiamen Univ. (China). Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome; Xiong, Huaping; Cheng, Yaoyong; Wu, Xin [Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (China). Div. of Welding and Forging

    2016-10-15

    The phase equilibria of the Co-Ni-Zr ternary system at 1 000 C, 1 100 C and 1 200 C were experimentally investigated by means of back-scattered electron imaging, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction on the equilibrated ternary alloys. In this study, no ternary compound is found. The (αCo, Ni) phase region extends from the Ni-rich corner to the Co-rich corner with small solubility of Zr at three sections. At 1 000 C and 1 100 C, Ni{sub 5}Zr, Co{sub 2}Zr and Ni{sub 10}Zr{sub 7} phases have large solid solution ranges, but Ni{sub 10}Zr{sub 7} phase disappears at 1 200 C. The Ni{sub 7}Zr{sub 2}, NiZr, Co{sub 11}Zr{sub 2}, Co{sub 23}Zr{sub 6} and CoZr phases exhibit nearly linear compounds in the studied sections, and have large composition ranges. Additionally, some differences in phase relationship exist among the above three isothermal sections.

  8. Transformation of Sodium Bicarbonate and CO2 into Sodium Formate over NiPd Nanoparticle Catalyst

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Mengnan; Zhang, Jiaguang; Yan, Ning

    2013-09-01

    The present research systematically investigated, for the first time, the transformation of sodium bicarbonate and CO2 into sodium formate over a series of Ni based metal nanoparticles (NPs). Ni NPs and eight NiM (M stands for a second metal) NPs were prepared by a facile wet chemical process and then their catalytic performance were evaluated in sodium bicarbonate hydrogenation. Bimetallic NiPd NPs with a composition of 7:3 were found to be superior for this reaction, which are more active than both pure Ni and Pd NPs. Hot filtration experiment suggested the NPs to be the truly catalytic active species and kinetic analysis indicated the reaction mechanism to be different than most homogeneous catalysts. The enhanced activity of the bimetallic nanoparticles may be attributed to their smaller size and improved stability.

  9. Effect of H2O and Y(O on Oxidation Behavior of NiCoCrAl Coating Within Thermal Barrier Coating

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    WANG Yi-qun

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available NiCoCrAl coatings containing Y and Y oxide were made using vacuum plasma deposition and high-velocity oxygen fuel respectively, high temperature oxidation dynamics and cross-section microstructures of NiCoCrAl+Y and NiCoCrAl+Y(O coatings in Ar-16.7%O2, Ar-3.3%H2O and Ar-0.2%H2-0.9%H2O at 1100℃ were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA and optical and electron microscope. The influencing mechanism of Y oxide on the oxidation of coatings at different atmosphere was compared by computation using First-Principles. The results show that Al2O3 layer on NiCoCrAl+Y coatings has more holes for internal oxidation on account of the element Y diffusion and enrichment on the interface. In addition, steam can promote the internal oxidation. While a thinner and uniform alumina form on NiCoCrAl+Y(O coatings because element Y is pinned by oxygen atoms during the preparation of coatings. Water vapor has less influence on protective alumina formation on the NiCoCrAl+Y(O coating. Therefore, oxidation behavior of NiCoCrAl coatings vary in composition and structure in different oxidizing atmosphere. Besides, Y and Y-enrichment oxides have key influences on the microstructure and the growth rate.

  10. Synthesis of Amorphous Powders of Ni-Si and Co-Si Alloys by Mechanical Alloying

    Science.gov (United States)

    Omuro, Keisuke; Miura, Harumatsu

    1991-05-01

    Amorphous powders of the Ni-Si and Co-Si alloys are synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) from crystalline elemental powders using a high energy ball mill. The alloying and amorphization process is examined by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy. For the Ni-Si alloy, it is confirmed that the crystallization temperature of the MA powder, measured by DSC, is in good agreement with that of the powder sample prepared by mechanical grinding from the cast alloy ingot products of the same composition.

  11. CoCr double-layered media with NiFe and CoZrNb soft-magnetic layers (invited)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernards, J.P.C.; Schrauwen, C.P.G.; Zieren, V.; Luitjens, S.B.

    1988-01-01

    The magnetic, structural, and recording properties of CoCr double-layered media are investigated. The underlayer materials NiFe (crystalline) and CoZrNb (amorphous) were combined with two different kinds of intermediate layers: Ti (crystalline) and Ge (amorphous). Applying a bias voltage during sputtering of NiFe results in a low coercivity of the NiFe layer and in a high coercivity of the CoCr layer. The structure of the NiFe layer influences the structure of the CoCr layer. A Ti layer between the NiFe and CoCr layers decreases the in-plane remanence of the CoCr layer. The coercivity of all CoZrNb layers is low, independent of the application of a bias voltage. The orientation and structure of CoCr on CoZrNb can be improved by using a Ge intermediate layer, which results in a low coercivity of the CoCr. A Ti intermediate layer increases the coercivity. Ring heads show a dependence of spike noise on the underlayer coercivity and on the applied normal force. A probe-type head shows a dependence of its output on the CoCr coercivity, which may be understood in terms of demagnetization and writing depth

  12. Investigation on the electrochemical activation process of Li1.20Ni0.32Co0.004Mn0.476O2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daichun Tang

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available The lithium-rich layered oxides are one of the most attractive cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Here, two types of Li1.20Ni0.32Co0.004Mn0.476O2 were synthesized using Li2CO3 and LiOH as lithium sources. An electrochemical activation process occurs in Li1.2Ni0.32Co0.004Mn0.476O2 prepared from Li2CO3 (LLO-1, while no obvious activation in Li1.2Ni0.32Co0.004Mn0.476O2 prepared from LiOH (LLO-2 is observed. Via advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM, we found that Li2MnO3-like structure is rich in the surface region of LLO-2. The study provides a direct explanation for the electrochemical activation of lithium-rich materials. The sample with more LiMO2-like phase at the surface region shows a better cycling performance. It is likely that more LiMO2-like phase at the surface region could stabilize the interface and improve the cycling performance of the Li-rich cathode materials.

  13. SFG investigation of adsorbed CO and NO on NiO(111) surface

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bandara, Athula; Dobashi, Shinsaku; Kubota, Jun; Onda, Ken; Wada, Akihide; Domen, Kazunari; Hirose, Chiaki [Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Yokohama (Japan). Research Lab. of Resources Utilization; Kano, S.S.

    1997-07-01

    Adsorption structures of CO and NO on the NiO(111) film grown on Ni(111) crystal have been investigated by sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). The CO stretching band of adsorbed CO on NiO(111) was observed at 2144 cm{sup -1} on the SFG spectra for both p- and s-polarized visible light. However, adsorbed NO on NiO(111) was observed at 1805 cm{sup -1} on the SFG spectra only for the p-polarized visible light. The results suggest that the adsorbed CO molecule was tilted from the surface normal but the NO molecule was perpendicular to the surface. These orientations of CO and NO reflect the surface structure of NiO(111) which has (2 x 2)-reconstructed microfacets. Adsorption of CO on Ni(111) instead of NiO(111) was also examined by SFG and IRAS. Absorption bands due to linear and bridged CO were observed at 2076 and 1918 cm{sup -1}, respectively, by IRAS. On the other hand, the linear CO molecules on Ni(111) gave an SFG peak at 2076 cm{sup -1} only for the p-polarized visible light indicating the CO molecules are perpendicular to the surface, and bridged CO molecules did not give any SFG signal. The absence of the bridged CO signal is believed to be due to the smaller Raman tensor of bridged CO. (author)

  14. SFG investigation of adsorbed CO and NO on NiO(111) surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bandara, Athula; Dobashi, Shinsaku; Kubota, Jun; Onda, Ken; Wada, Akihide; Domen, Kazunari; Hirose, Chiaki; Kano, S.S.

    1997-01-01

    Adsorption structures of CO and NO on the NiO(111) film grown on Ni(111) crystal have been investigated by sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). The CO stretching band of adsorbed CO on NiO(111) was observed at 2144 cm -1 on the SFG spectra for both p- and s-polarized visible light. However, adsorbed NO on NiO(111) was observed at 1805 cm -1 on the SFG spectra only for the p-polarized visible light. The results suggest that the adsorbed CO molecule was tilted from the surface normal but the NO molecule was perpendicular to the surface. These orientations of CO and NO reflect the surface structure of NiO(111) which has (2 x 2)-reconstructed microfacets. Adsorption of CO on Ni(111) instead of NiO(111) was also examined by SFG and IRAS. Absorption bands due to linear and bridged CO were observed at 2076 and 1918 cm -1 , respectively, by IRAS. On the other hand, the linear CO molecules on Ni(111) gave an SFG peak at 2076 cm -1 only for the p-polarized visible light indicating the CO molecules are perpendicular to the surface, and bridged CO molecules did not give any SFG signal. The absence of the bridged CO signal is believed to be due to the smaller Raman tensor of bridged CO. (author)

  15. Annealing Effects on the Magnetization of Co-Ni-B Amorphous Nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vargas, J.M.

    2001-01-01

    Chemically prepared (Co x Ni 1-x ) 1 00 -y B y (x=0.5, 0.75, 1; y∼30) amorphous fine particles were characterized by x-ray diffraction, DTA and TGA, and in-situ magnetic measurement as a function of annealing temperature in an inert atmosphere.Magnetic measurement performed in as prepared and ∼150C degree annealed samples show an increase of the saturation magnetization and magnetic moment after thermal tretment.Room temperature magnetization increases by factors of ∼3 in average.These measurements may indicate a local re-ordering of the amorphous phase at temperatures much lower than the full crystallization temperature

  16. Interplay between out-of-plane anisotropic L1{sub 1}-type CoPt and in-plane anisotropic NiFe layers in CoPt/NiFe exchange springs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saravanan, P. [Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (China); Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad 500058 (India); Hsu, Jen-Hwa, E-mail: jhhsu@phys.ntu.edu.tw; Tsai, C. L. [Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (China); Tsai, C. Y.; Lin, Y. H. [Graduate Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (China); Kuo, C. Y.; Wu, J.-C. [Department of Physics, National Chang Hua University of Education, Chang Hua 50000, Taiwan (China); Lee, C.-M. [Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou 64002, Taiwan (China)

    2014-06-28

    Films of L1{sub 1}-type CoPt/NiFe exchange springs were grown with different NiFe (Permalloy) layer thickness (t{sub NiFe} = 0–10 nm). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the characteristic peak position of NiFe(111) is not affected by the CoPt-layer—confirming the absence of any inter-diffusion between the CoPt and NiFe layers. Magnetic studies indicate that the magnetization orientation of NiFe layer can be tuned through varying t{sub NiFe} and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of L1{sub 1}-type CoPt/NiFe films cannot sustain for t{sub NiFe} larger than 3.0 nm due to the existence of exchange interaction at the interface of L1{sub 1}-CoPt and NiFe layers. Magnetic force microscopy analysis on the as-grown samples shows the changes in morphology from maze-like domains with good contrast to hazy domains when t{sub NiFe} ≥ 3.0 nm. The three-dimensional micro-magnetic simulation results demonstrate that the magnetization orientation in NiFe layer is not uniform, which continuously increases from the interface to the top of NiFe layer. Furthermore, the tilt angle of the topmost NiFe layers can be changed over a very wide range from a small number to about 75° by varying t{sub NiFe} from 1 to 10 nm. It is worth noting that there is an abrupt change in the magnetization direction at the interface, for all the t{sub NiFe} investigated. The results of present study demonstrate that the tunable tilted exchange springs can be realized with L1{sub 1}-type CoPt/NiFe bilayers for future applications in three-axis magnetic sensors or advanced spintronic devices demanding inclined magnetic anisotropy.

  17. Thermal stability of electrodeposited Ni and Ni-Co layers; an EBSD-study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Anette Alsted; Gholinia, A.; Trimby, P.W.

    2004-01-01

    The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and the microtexture of electrodeposited Ni and Ni-Co layers was investigated with Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) with high resolution. Samples were annealed for 1 hour at 523 K and 673 K, the temperature region wherein...

  18. Electrochemically synthesized large area network of Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z} layered triple hydroxides nanosheets: A high performance supercapacitor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gupta, Vinay [Carbon Technology Unit, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012 (India); Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative Research, Kyushu University, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Gupta, Shubhra; Miura, Norio [Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative Research, Kyushu University, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan)

    2009-04-15

    A network of Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z} layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) nanosheets was prepared by the potentiostatic deposition process at -1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) onto stainless steel electrodes. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z}LTHs belong to the hexagonal system with layered structure. Cyclic voltammetry and charge discharge measurements in the potential range of -0.1 to 0.5 V and 0.0-0.4 V, respectively, vs. Ag/AgCl in 1 M KOH electrolyte indicate that Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z}LTHs have excellent supercapacitive characteristics. The maximum specific capacitance of {proportional_to}1263 F g{sup -1} was obtained for Co{sub 0.59}Ni{sub 0.21}Al{sub 0.20}LTH. The impedance studies indicated highly conducting nature of the Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z}LTHs. (author)

  19. Is NiCo2S4 really a semiconductor?

    KAUST Repository

    Xia, Chuan

    2015-08-31

    NiCo2S4 is a technologically important electrode material that has recently achieved remarkable performance in pseu-docapacitor, catalysis, and dye-synthesized solar cell applications.[1-5] Essentially, all reports on this material have pre-sumed it to be semiconducting, like many of the chalcogenides, with a reported band-gap in the range of 1.2-1.7 eV.[6,7] In this report, we have conducted detailed experimental and theoretical studies, most of which done for the first time, which overwhelmingly show that NiCo2S4 is in fact a metal. We have also calculated the Raman spectrum of this mate-rial and experimentally verified it for the first time, hence clarifying inconsistent Raman spectra reports. Some of the key results that support our conclusions include: (1) the measured carrier density in NiCo2S4 is 3.18×1022 cm-3, (2) Ni-Co2S4 has a room temperature resistivity of around 103 µΩ cm which increases with temperature, (3) NiCo2S4 exhibits a quadratic dependence of the magnetoresistance on magnetic field, (4) thermopower measurements show an extremely low Seebeck coefficient of 5 µV K-1, (5) first principles calculations confirm that NiCo2S4 is a metal. These results sug-gest that it is time to re-think the presumed semiconducting nature of this promising material. They also suggest that the metallic conductivity is another reason (besides the known significant redox activity) behind the excellent perfor-mance reported for this material.

  20. Preparation of NiS/ZnIn2S4 as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liang Wei

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available In this study, NiS/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposites were successfully prepared via a facile two-step hydrothermal process. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, transmission electron microscopy (TEM and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM. Their photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation was also investigated. It was found that the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity over hexagonal ZnIn2S4 can be significantly increased by loading NiS as a co-catalyst. The formation of a good junction between ZnIn2S4 and NiS via the two step hydrothermal processes is beneficial for the directional migration of the photo-excited electrons from ZnIn2S4 to NiS. The highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (104.7 μmol/h, which is even higher than that over Pt/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposite (77.8 μmol/h, was observed over an optimum NiS loading amount of 0.5 wt %. This work demonstrates a high potential of the developing of environmental friendly, cheap noble-metal-free co-catalyst for semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

  1. Hybrid Composite Ni(OH)(2)@NiCo2O4 Grown on Carbon Fiber Paper for High-Performance Supercapacitors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, L; Chen, DC; Ding, Y; Wang, ZL; Zeng, ZZ; Liu, ML

    2013-11-13

    We have successfully fabricated and tested the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrodes consisting of Ni(OH)(2) nanosheets coated on NiCo2O4 nanosheets grown on carbon fiber paper (CFP) current collectors. When the NiCo2O4 nanosheets are replaced by Co3O4 nanosheets, however, the energy and power density as well as the rate capability of the electrodes are significantly reduced, most likely due to the lower conductivity of Co3O4 than that of NiCo2O4. The 3D hybrid composite Ni(OH)(2)/ NiCo2O4/CFP electrodes demonstrate a high areal capacitance of 5.2 F/cm(2) at a cycling current density of 2 rnA/cm(2), with a capacitance retention of 79% as the cycling current density was increased from 2 to 50 mA/cm(2). The remarkable performance of these hybrid composite electrodes implies that supercapacitors based on them have potential for many practical applications.

  2. Hybrid composite Ni(OH)2@NiCo2O4 grown on carbon fiber paper for high-performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Liang; Chen, Dongchang; Ding, Yong; Wang, Zhong Lin; Zeng, Zhengzhi; Liu, Meilin

    2013-11-13

    We have successfully fabricated and tested the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrodes consisting of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets coated on NiCo2O4 nanosheets grown on carbon fiber paper (CFP) current collectors. When the NiCo2O4 nanosheets are replaced by Co3O4 nanosheets, however, the energy and power density as well as the rate capability of the electrodes are significantly reduced, most likely due to the lower conductivity of Co3O4 than that of NiCo2O4. The 3D hybrid composite Ni(OH)2/NiCo2O4/CFP electrodes demonstrate a high areal capacitance of 5.2 F/cm(2) at a cycling current density of 2 mA/cm(2), with a capacitance retention of 79% as the cycling current density was increased from 2 to 50 mA/cm(2). The remarkable performance of these hybrid composite electrodes implies that supercapacitors based on them have potential for many practical applications.

  3. Sulfur poisoning of a Ni(111) crystal with small angle boundaries (SAB) and its effect on CO adsorption

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sargent, G A; Lih-Ren Chao, J; Freeman, G B

    1981-01-01

    The sulfur poisoning of a Ni(111) crystal with small angle boundaries (SAB) and its effect on CO adsorption were studied using the techniques of low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The sulfur poisoned Ni(111)-SAB surface was prepared by heating the crystal to 850/sup 0/C for 20 min. The bulk sulfur impurity was diffused to the surface. The sulfur Auger peak intensities taken at and between boundary lines, show that sulfur distribution is uniform on the Ni(111)-SAB surface. No LEED pattern due to sulfur presence was observed. Sulfur atoms do not form an ordered structure in the Ni(111)-SAB surface. The Auger spectra showed that the boundary lines at the sulfur-free crystal surface provide favorable sites for the adsorbed CO to dissociate at temperatures as low as 25/sup 0/C. After sulfur is diffused to the surface, it blocks the active sites as well as the boundary sites. The boundary line enhanced dissociation of CO is no longer seen. Sulfur and nickel Auger intensities were taken during the CO adsorption. From the change of the intensities, sulfur only interacts with nickel and physically inhibits the CO adsorption and, thereby, further CO dissociation.

  4. Preparation of fine Ni powders from nickel hydrazine complex

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Jung Woo; Chae, Eun H.; Kim, Sang H.; Lee, Jong Ho; Kim, Jeong Wook; Yoon, Seon Mi; Choi, Jae-Young

    2006-01-01

    Fine nickel powders with narrow size distribution have been prepared from the reduction of nickel hydrazine complexes in aqueous solution. The pure nickel hydrazine complexes, [Ni(N 2 H 4 ) 3 ]Cl 2 were prepared with the molar ratio of N 2 H 4 /Ni 2+ = 4.5, while a mixture of complexes, such as Ni(N 2 H 4 ) 2 Cl 2 , [Ni(N 2 H 4 ) 3 ]Cl 2 , and [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]Cl 2 were formed with N 2 H 4 /Ni 2+ 2+ to metallic Ni powder proceeded via the formation of nickel hydroxide which was reduced by hydrazine liberated from the ligand exchange reaction between the nickel hydrazine complex and NaOH. The standard deviation of the particle size decreased with the decreasing molar concentration of nickel hydrazine complex while the mean particle size increased. As the amount of hydrazine increased, the surface roughness of the particles was improved significantly due to the catalytic decomposition of the excess hydrazine at the surface of the nickel particle. It was found that average particle size could be controlled from 150 to 380 nm by adjusting the reaction molar ratio and temperature

  5. Origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arora, M.; Hübner, R.; Suess, D.; Heinrich, B.; Girt, E.

    2017-07-01

    We studied the variation in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of (111) textured Au /N ×[Co /Ni ]/Au films as a function of the number of bilayer repeats N . The ferromagnetic resonance and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measurements show that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Ni multilayers first increases with N for N ≤10 and then moderately decreases for N >10 . The model we propose reveals that the decrease of the anisotropy for N reduction in the magnetoelastic and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. A moderate decrease in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for N >10 is due to the reduction in the magnetocrystalline and the surface anisotropies. To calculate the contribution of magnetoelastic anisotropy in the Co/Ni multilayers, in-plane and out-of-plane x-ray diffraction measurements are performed to determine the spacing between Co/Ni (111) and (220) planes. The magnetocrystalline bulk anisotropy is estimated from the difference in the perpendicular and parallel g factors of Co/Ni multilayers that are measured using the in-plane and out-of-plane ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to estimate the multilayer film roughness. These values are used to calculate the roughness-induced surface and magnetocrystalline anisotropy coefficients as a function of N .

  6. Optical and structural properties of colloidal zirconia nanoparticles prepared by arc discharge in liquid

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peymani forooshani, Reza; Poursalehi, Reza; Yourdkhani, Amin

    2018-01-01

    Zirconia is one of the important ceramic materials with unique properties such as high melting point, high ionic conductivity, high mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, zirconia is one of the useful materials in refractories, thermal barriers, cutting tools, oxygen sensors electrolytes, catalysis, catalyst supports and solid oxide fuel cells. Recently, direct current (DC) arc discharge is extensively employed to synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures in liquid environments. The aim of this work is the synthesis of colloidal zirconia nanoparticles by DC arc discharge method in water as a medium. Arc discharge was ignited between two pure zirconium electrodes in water. Optical and structural properties of prepared colloidal nanoparticles were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy, were employed for characterization of particle size, morphology, crystal structure and optical properties, respectively. SEM images demonstrate that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape with an average size lower than 38 nm. The XRD patterns of the nanoparticles were consistent with tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia crystal structures. The optical transmission spectra of the colloidal solution show optical characteristic of zirconia nanoparticles as a wide band gap semiconductor with no absorption peak in visible wavelength with the considerable amount of oxygen deficiency. Oxidation of colloidal nanoparticles in water could be explained via reaction with either dissociated oxygen from water in hot plasma region or with dissolved oxygen in water. The results provide a simple and flexible method for preparation of zirconia nanoparticles with a capability of mass production without environmental footprints.

  7. Preparation of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals of Zirconia by Electrodeposition in a Colloidal Crystals Template

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lei Pan

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Three-dimensional photonic crystals of zirconia were prepared by electrodeposition in a colloidal crystals template following calcination at 500 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and reflectance spectroscopy were employed to characterize the photonic crystals of zirconia. It was found that hydrated zirconium ions could penetrate the colloidal crystals template and reach the substrate easily by electrodeposition, which resulted in stronger bonding between the substrate and the as-deposited membrane. Moreover, the electrodeposited membrane had low water content, leading to a low amount of shrinkage during calcination. Both these properties could suppress detachment from the substrate upon removal of the colloidal crystals template. Therefore, the three-dimensional photonic crystals of zirconia synthesized in this study exhibited very good preservation of the ordered structures of the colloidal crystals template with a high density. A peak of reflection higher than 70% was formed in the reflectance spectrum because of the strong diffraction of the ordered structures.

  8. Monodisperse, submicrometer-scale platinum colloidal spheres with high electrocatalytic activity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Lixue; Wang, Liang; Guo, Shaojun; Zhai, Junfeng; Dong, Shaojun; Wang, Erkang [State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Jilin, Changchun (China)

    2009-02-15

    Monodisperse, submicrometer-scale platinum (Pt) colloidal spheres were prepared through a simple direct chemical reduction of p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-chloroplatinic acid (H{sub 2}PtCl{sub 6}) coordination polymer colloids. It was found that the prepared Pt colloids had the similar size and morphology with their coordination polymer precursors, and the prepared Pt colloids with rough surfaces were three-dimensional (3D) structured assemblies of high-density small Pt nanoparticles. The electrochemical experiments confirmed that the prepared Pt colloids possessed a high electrocatalytic activity towards mainly four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water, making the prepared Pt colloids potential candidates for the efficient cathode material in fuel cells. (author)

  9. Carbon Dots/NiCo2 O4 Nanocomposites with Various Morphologies for High Performance Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wei, Ji-Shi; Ding, Hui; Zhang, Peng; Song, Yan-Fang; Chen, Jie; Wang, Yong-Gang; Xiong, Huan-Ming

    2016-11-01

    A series of carbon dots/NiCo 2 O 4 composites with various morphologies are prepared and tested for supercapacitors. These samples have good electrical conductivities and efficient ions transport paths, so they exhibit high specific capacitances, superior rate performances, and high cycling stabilities. The optimal composite for hybrid supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density up to 62.0 Wh kg -1 . © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  10. Electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties of La{sub 0.78}Mg{sub 0.22}Ni{sub 2.67}Mn{sub 0.11}Al{sub 0.11}Co{sub 0.52}-M1Ni{sub 3.5}Co{sub 0.6}Mn{sub 0.4}Al{sub 0.}-5 composites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, Hongxia, E-mail: hhxhunan@126.com [Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin (China); Li, Guohui [Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin (China); Zhuang, Shuxin [School of Material Science and engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen (China)

    2013-07-15

    For improving the electrochemical properties of nonstoichiometric AB{sub 3} -type La{sub 0.7}8Mg{sub 0.22}Ni{sub 2.67}Mn{sub 0.11}Al{sub 0.11}Co{sub 0.52} alloy as negative electrode of Ni-MH battery, its related composites La{sub 0.78}Mg{sub 0.22}Ni{sub 2.67}Mn{sub 0.11}Al{sub 0.11}Co{sub 0.52}-x wt.% M1Ni{sub 3.5}Co{sub 0.6}Mn{sub 0.4}Al{sub 0.5} (x = 0, 10, 20, 30) were prepared. Analysis by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) revealed that the composites consist mainly of LaNi{sub 5} and La{sub 2}Ni{sub 7} phases. Despite the small decrease in the maximum discharge capacity, the cycle performance was significantly enhanced. Linear polarization (LP), anodic polarization (AP) and potential step discharge experiments revealed that the electrochemical kinetics increases first and then decreases with increasing x. (author)

  11. Preliminary studies with 188Rhenium-tin colloid for radiation synovectomy: preparation, size determination, in vivo distribution, effects and dosimetry studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mathe, D.; Balogh, L.; Polyak, A.; Kiraly, R.; Andocs, G.; Janoki, G. A.; Chaudhari, P.R.; Perge, E.; Glavits, R.

    2002-01-01

    Generator-produced beta-emitting radionuclides such 188R e are gaining in importance for radiosynoviorthesis because of their availability on a regular basis. We prepared a 188 Re-tin colloid in reaction carried out either at 100 o C or at room temperature (RT). The size of the colloid particles was measured with a laser light-scattering method, and their biodistribution, dosimetric aspects and therapeutic effects were studied in an antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model in rabbits. 188R e-tin colloid solution was injected intraarticularly into the knee joints of rabbits with AIA and imaging studies were performed. Blood samples were collected post injection for estimation of the blood residence time. We also injected 2 intact rabbits in the same manner with 188R e perrhenate solution in order to observe its effects and distribution in the body. All the treated rabbit knees were subjected to histopathology.The colloid particle size distribution was different after preparation at the different reaction temperatures, with a more suitable mean of 4.53 μm in the RT preparation. The dose delivered to the synovial surface was between 3.51 and 4.21 Gy and that to the bone surface was between 0.70 and 0.84 Gy. Histopathologic examination revealed the development of fibrous connective tissue in the AIA knees 4 weeks after treatment, but not in the control group. The 188R e-tin colloid preparation used in study was suitable for radiation synovectomy application. It requires modifications in the preparation protocol so as to increase the labelling efficiency in correlation with an appropriate particle size. (author)

  12. The effect of ion implantation on the oxidation resistance of vacuum plasma sprayed CoNiCrAlY coatings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jiang Jie [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Shanghai Institute of Ceramic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Zhao Huayu; Zhou Xiaming [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Shanghai Institute of Ceramic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Tao Shunyan, E-mail: shunyantao@mail.sic.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Shanghai Institute of Ceramic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Ding Chuanxian [Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Shanghai Institute of Ceramic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China)

    2012-11-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We used ion implantation to improve the oxidation resistance of CoNiCrAlY coating. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The oxidation process of CoNiCrAlY coating at 1100 Degree-Sign C for 1000 h was studied. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Nb ion implanted coating exhibited better oxidation resistance. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The influences of Nb and Al ion implantation into CoNiCrAlY coatings were evaluated. - Abstract: CoNiCrAlY coatings prepared by vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) were implanted with Nb and Al ions at a fluence of 10{sup 17} atoms/cm{sup 2}. The effects of ion implantation on the oxidation resistance of CoNiCrAlY coatings were investigated. The thermally grown oxide (TGO) formed on each specimen was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively. The results showed that the oxidation process of CoNiCrAlY coatings could be divided into four stages and the key to obtaining good oxidation resistance was to remain high enough amount of Al and promote the lateral growth of TGO. The implantation of Nb resulted in the formation of continuous and dense Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale to improve the oxidation resistance. The Al implanted coating could form Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale at the initial stage, however, the scale was soon broken and TGO transformed to non-protective spinel.

  13. Transformation of Sodium Bicarbonate and CO2 into Sodium Formate over NiPd Nanoparticle Catalyst

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mengnan eWang

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available The present research systematically investigated, for the first time, the transformation of sodium bicarbonate and CO2 into sodium formate over a series of Ni based metal nanoparticles (NPs. Ni NPs and eight NiM (M stands for a second metal NPs were prepared by a facile wet chemical process and then their catalytic performance were evaluated in sodium bicarbonate hydrogenation. Bimetallic NiPd NPs with a composition of 7:3 were found to be superior for this reaction, which are more active than both pure Ni and Pd NPs. Hot filtration experiment suggested the NPs to be the truly catalytic active species and kinetic analysis indicated the reaction mechanism to be different than most homogeneous catalysts. The enhanced activity of the bimetallic nanoparticles may be attributed to their smaller size and improved stability.

  14. Preparation, mechanical strengths, and thermal stability of Ni-Si-B and Ni-P-B amorphous wires

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inoue, A.; Furukawa, S.; Hagiwara, M.; Masumoto, T.

    1987-01-01

    Ni-based amorphous wires with good bending ductility have been prepared for Ni/sub 75/Si/sub 8/B/sub 17/ and Ni/sub 78/P/sub 12/B/sub 10/ alloys containing 1 to 2 at. pct Al or Zr by melt spinning in rotating water. The enhancement of the wire-formation tendency by the addition of Al has been clarified to be due to the increase in the stability of the melt jet through the formation of a thin Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ film on the outer surface. The maximum wire diameter is about 190 to 200 μm for the Ni-Si (or P)-B-Al alloys and increases to about 250 μm for the Ni-Si-B-Al-Cr alloys containing 4 to 6 at. pct Cr. The tensile fracture strength and fracture elongation are 2730 MPa and 2.9 pct for (N/sub 0.75/Si/sub 0.08/B/sub 0.17/)/sub 99/Al/sub 1/ wire and 2170 MPa and 2.4 pct for (Ni/sub 0.78/P/sub 0.12/B/sub 0.1/)/sub 99/Al/sub 1/ wire. These wires exhibit a fatigue limit under dynamic bending strain in air with a relative humidity of 65 pct; this limit is 0.50 pct for a NiSi-B-Al wire, which is higher by 0.15 pct than that of a Fe/sub 75/Si/sub 10/B/sub 15/ amorphous wire. Furthermore, the Ni-base wires do not fracture during a 180-deg bending even for a sample annealed at temperatures just below the crystallization temperature, in sharp contrast to high embrittlement tendency for Fe-base amorphous alloys. Thus, the Ni-based amorphous wires have been shown to be an attractive material similar to Fe- and Co-based amorphous wires because of its high static and dynamic strength, high ductility, high stability to thermal embrittlement, and good corrosion resistance

  15. Microstructure and corrosion properties of CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy coating

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ye, Qingfeng [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Feng, Kai, E-mail: fengkai@sjtu.edu.cn [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Li, Zhuguo, E-mail: lizg@sjtu.edu.cn [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Lu, Fenggui [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Li, Ruifeng [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003 (China); Huang, Jian; Wu, Yixiong [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China)

    2017-02-28

    Highlights: • Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy coating are prepared by laser cladding. • The cladding layer forms a simple FCC phase solid solution with identical dendritic structure. • The cladding layer exhibits a noble corrosion resistance in both 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 0.5 M sulfuric acid. • Element segregation makes Cr-depleted interdendrites the starting point of corrosion reaction. - Abstract: Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy (HEA) is one of the most notable single phase multi-component alloys up-to-date with promising mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. However, the study on the corrosion behavior of CrMnFeCoNi HEA coating has still been lacking. In this paper, HEA coating with a nominal composition of CrMnFeCoNi is fabricated by laser surface alloying and studied in detail. Microstructure and chemical composition are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to investigate the corrosion behavior. The coating forms a simple FCC phase with an identical dendritic structure composed of Fe/Co/Ni-rich dendrites and Mn/Ni-rich interdendrites. Both in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and 0.5 M sulfuric acid the coating exhibits nobler corrosion resistance than A36 steel substrate and even lower i{sub corr} than 304 stainless steel (304SS). EIS plots coupled with fitted parameters reveal that a spontaneous protective film is formed and developed during immersion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The fitted R{sub t} value reaches its maximum at 24 h during a 48 h’ immersion test, indicating the passive film starts to break down after that. EDS analysis conducted on a corroded surface immersed in 0.5 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} reveals that corrosion starts from Cr-depleted interdendrites.

  16. The Thermodynamic Characterization of ZrCo–H, HfCo−H, HfNi−H and Zr{sub 1–x}HfxNi(Co) Alloy–H Systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Flanagan, Ted B., E-mail: ted.flanagan@uvm.edu; Noh, Hak; Luo, Suifang

    2016-08-25

    ZrCo and HfCo intermetallic compounds have the same cubic (CsCl-type) structure and their ternary (Zr{sub 1−x}Hf{sub x})Co alloys are also cubic. ZrNi and HfNi intermetallic compounds have the orthorhombic structure (CrB-type) and the ternary (Zr{sub 1−x}Hf{sub x})Ni alloys also have this structure. Thermodynamic data for hydride formation and decomposition in ZrCo, HfCo and HfNi intermetallic compounds have been determined from reaction calorimetry and from pressure-composition isotherms. Thermodynamic data have been determined for the three ternary alloys: (Zr{sub 0.75}Hf{sub 0.25})Co, (Zr{sub 0.50}Hf{sub 0.50})Co, and (Zr{sub 0.25}Hf{sub 0.75})Co and the four ternary alloys: (Zr{sub 0.875}Hf{sub 0.125})Ni, (Zr{sub 0.75}Hf{sub 0.25})Ni, (Zr{sub 0.50}Hf{sub 0.50})Ni, and (Zr{sub 0.25}Hf{sub 0.75})Ni. This offers the opportunity to learn how the thermodynamic properties of the ternary alloy-H systems change with the stoichiometry of alloys with the same structure. - Highlights: • Calorimetric enthalpies determined for H absorption by ZrCo, HfCo, HfNi are determined. • Ternary alloys, e.g., Zr{sub 1−x}Hf{sub x}Ni, prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction. • Isotherms for the ternary alloys give thermodynamic parameters for H solution.

  17. Preparation of Ni-63 Source for the Fabrication of Betavoltaic Battery

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Jin Joo; Uhm, Young Rang; Son, Kwang Jae; Hong, Jintae [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2015-10-15

    A beta radiation source, Ni-63, is prepared by electrical deposition of radioactive Ni-63 ions on a thin non-radioactive nickel foil. Ni-63 plating is similar to other electroplating processes that employ soluble metal anodes. Specifically, it requires the passage of direct current (DC) between two electrodes that are immersed in a conductive, aqueous solution of nickel salts. The flow of a DC causes one of the electrodes to dissolve and the other electrode to become covered with nickel. To establish the coating conditions for Ni-63, Niplating solution is prepared by dissolving metal particles, and the deposition conditions have been optimized by studying the influence of the current density. Also, Ni-63 is prepared by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is widely used for shaping, and coating for preparing uniform ceramic films with various thickness and assembling charged particles on electrodes with various morphologies. Since the discovery of repairing pit by using EPD method, well dispersed metal nanoparticles in suspension are applied to self-repairing pit on the metal surface. In order to deposit Ni nanoparticles, the EPD was executed by using two electrode cells in the suspension which was produced in organic solvents using HKD-2 as a dispersant. The coating of Ni particles on substrate of Ni plate was fabricated in suspension at 7 wt% HKD- 2 or more. It was found that the EPD process was important not only zeta potential of the suspension but also conductivity.

  18. Preparation of Ni-63 Source for the Fabrication of Betavoltaic Battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Jin Joo; Uhm, Young Rang; Son, Kwang Jae; Hong, Jintae

    2015-01-01

    A beta radiation source, Ni-63, is prepared by electrical deposition of radioactive Ni-63 ions on a thin non-radioactive nickel foil. Ni-63 plating is similar to other electroplating processes that employ soluble metal anodes. Specifically, it requires the passage of direct current (DC) between two electrodes that are immersed in a conductive, aqueous solution of nickel salts. The flow of a DC causes one of the electrodes to dissolve and the other electrode to become covered with nickel. To establish the coating conditions for Ni-63, Niplating solution is prepared by dissolving metal particles, and the deposition conditions have been optimized by studying the influence of the current density. Also, Ni-63 is prepared by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is widely used for shaping, and coating for preparing uniform ceramic films with various thickness and assembling charged particles on electrodes with various morphologies. Since the discovery of repairing pit by using EPD method, well dispersed metal nanoparticles in suspension are applied to self-repairing pit on the metal surface. In order to deposit Ni nanoparticles, the EPD was executed by using two electrode cells in the suspension which was produced in organic solvents using HKD-2 as a dispersant. The coating of Ni particles on substrate of Ni plate was fabricated in suspension at 7 wt% HKD- 2 or more. It was found that the EPD process was important not only zeta potential of the suspension but also conductivity

  19. Electrospun N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofibers Incorporated with NiO Nanoparticles as Free-Standing Film Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors and CO2 Capture.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Qi; Guo, Jiangna; Xu, Dan; Guo, Jianqiang; Ou, Xu; Hu, Yin; Qi, Haojun; Yan, Feng

    2018-04-01

    Carbon nanofibers (CNF) with a 1D porous structure offer promising support to encapsulate transition-metal oxides in energy storage/conversion relying on their high specific surface area and pore volume. Here, the preparation of NiO nanoparticle-dispersed electrospun N-doped porous CNF (NiO/PCNF) and as free-standing film electrode for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors is reported. Polyacrylonitrile and nickel acetylacetone are selected as precursors of CNF and Ni sources, respectively. Dicyandiamide not only improves the specific surface area and pore volume, but also increases the N-doping level of PCNF. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between NiO nanoparticles (NPs) and PCNF, the prepared free-standing NiO/PCNF electrodes show a high specific capacitance of 850 F g -1 at a current density of 1 A g -1 in 6 m KOH aqueous solution, good rate capability, as well as excellent long-term cycling stability. Moreover, NiO NPs dispersed in PCNF and large specific surface area provide many electroactive sites, leading to high CO 2 uptake, and high-efficiency CO 2 electroreduction. The synthesis strategy in this study provides a new insight into the design and fabrication of promising multifunctional materials for high-performance supercapacitors and CO 2 electroreduction. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  20. Orientation dependence and tension/compression asymmetry of shape memory effect and superelasticity in ferromagnetic Co40Ni33Al27, Co49Ni21Ga30 and Ni54Fe19Ga27 single crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chumlyakov, Y.; Panchenko, E.; Kireeva, I.; Karaman, I.; Sehitoglu, H.; Maier, H.J.; Tverdokhlebova, A.; Ovsyannikov, A.

    2008-01-01

    In the present study the effects of crystal axis orientation, stress state (tension/compression) and test temperature on shape memory effect and superelasticity of Ni 54 Fe 19 Ga 27 (I), Co 40 Ni 33 Al 27 (II), Co 49 Ni 21 Ga 30 (III) (numbers indicate at.%) single crystals were investigated. The shape memory effect, the start temperature of superelasticity T 1 and the mechanical hysteresis Δσ were found to be dependent on crystal axis orientation and stress state. Superelasticity was observed at T 1 = A f (A f , reverse transformation-finish temperature) in tension/compression for [0 0 1]-oriented Ni-Fe-Ga crystals and in compression for [0 0 1]-oriented Co-Ni-Ga crystals, which all displayed a small mechanical hysteresis (Δσ ≤ 30 MPa). An increase in Δσ of up to 90 MPa in the Co-Ni-Al and the Co-Ni-Ga crystals lead to stabilization of the stress-induced martensite, and an increase in to T 1 = A f + Δ. The maximal value of Δ (75 K) was found in [0 0 1]-oriented Co-Ni-Al crystals in tension. A thermodynamic criterion describing the dependencies of the start temperature of superelasticity T 1 on crystal axis orientation, stress state and the magnitude of mechanical hysteresis is discussed

  1. Molecular Nickel Phosphide Carbonyl Nanoclusters: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of [Ni11P(CO)18]3- and [H6-nNi31P4(CO)39]n- (n = 4 and 5).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Capacci, Chiara; Ciabatti, Iacopo; Femoni, Cristina; Iapalucci, Maria Carmela; Funaioli, Tiziana; Zacchini, Stefano; Zanotti, Valerio

    2018-02-05

    The reaction of [NEt 4 ] 2 [Ni 6 (CO) 12 ] in thf with 0.5 equiv of PCl 3 affords the monophosphide [Ni 11 P(CO) 18 ] 3- that in turn further reacts with PCl 3 resulting in the tetra-phosphide carbonyl cluster [HNi 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 5- . Alternatively, the latter can be obtained from the reaction of [NEt 4 ] 2 [Ni 6 (CO) 12 ] in thf with 0.8-0.9 equiv of PCl 3 . The [HNi 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 5- penta-anion is reversibly protonated by strong acids leading to the [H 2 Ni 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 4- tetra-anion, whereas deprotonation affords the [Ni 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 6- hexa-anion. The latter is reduced with Na/naphthalene yielding the [Ni 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 7- hepta-anion. In order to shed light on the polyhydride nature and redox behavior of these clusters, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies were carried out on [Ni 11 P(CO) 18 ] 3- , [HNi 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 5- , and [H 2 Ni 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 4- . The reversible formation of the stable [Ni 11 P(CO) 18 ] 4- tetra-anion is demonstrated through the spectroelectrochemical investigation of [Ni 11 P(CO) 18 ] 3- . The redox changes of [HNi 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 5- show features of chemical reversibility and the vibrational spectra in the ν CO region of the nine redox states of the cluster [HNi 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] n- (n = 3-11) are reported. The spectroelectrochemical investigation of [H 2 Ni 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 4- revealed the presence of three chemically reversible reduction processes, and the IR spectra of [H 2 Ni 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] n- (n = 4-7) have been recorded. The different spectroelectrochemical behavior of [HNi 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 5- and [H 2 Ni 31 P 4 (CO) 39 ] 4- support their formulations as polyhydrides. Unfortunately, all the attempts to directly confirm their poly hydrido nature by 1 H NMR spectroscopy failed, as previously found for related large metal carbonyl clusters. Thus, the presence and number of hydride ligands have been based on the observed protonation/deprotonation reactions and the spectroelectrochemical

  2. Effects of Co{sup 2+} doping on physicochemical behaviors of hierarchical NiO nanostructure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ding, Caihua [Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 (China); Gao, WenChao [College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 (China); Zhao, Yongjie, E-mail: zhaoyjpeace@gmail.com [Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 (China); Zhao, Yuzhen; Zhou, Heping [State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 (China); Li, Jingbo; Jin, Haibo [Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 (China)

    2016-12-30

    Highlights: • A series of Co{sup 2+} doped NiO materials were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. • Co{sup 2+} doping would bring about a series influence to the as-obtained NiO products. • Hierarchical NiO nanostructure transformed from nanosheets to nanoneedles with Co{sup 2+} doping. • The catalytic properties of NiO were significantly improved via the introduction of Co{sup 2+}. • Excellent catalytic activity was ascribed to the synergistic effect between Co{sup 2+} and NiO. - Abstract: A series of Co{sup 2+} doped NiO materials (Ni{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}O with x = 0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5) were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method followed by a calcination process. The effects of Co{sup 2+} doping on the structural, morphological, magnetic and catalytic properties of NiO were systematically investigated. The results indicated that Co{sup 2+} doping would bring about a series influence to the as-obtained NiO product. The XRD results indicated that within the region of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 the doped products revealed a pure NiO phase. The elementary unit for the hierarchy NiO gradually transformed from nanosheets to nanoneedles with the increase of Co{sup 2+} doping content. As-obtained Co{sup 2+} doped NiO products showed ferromagnetism at room temperature and the magnetization value was increased with the increase of Co{sup 2+} doping content. The catalytic properties of NiO concerning the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were significantly improved via the introduction of Co{sup 2+}. The Ni{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}O products with x = 0.25 showed the best catalytic performance to AP, which could decrease the beginning and ending decomposition temperature of AP by 44 and 108 °C. The change of morphology, enhancement of electrical conductivity and the synergistic effect between Co{sup 2+} and NiO were the main factors responsible for the improvement of physicochemical behaviors.

  3. In-situ studies of the TGO growth stresses and the martensitic transformation in the B2 phase in commercial Pt-modified NiAl and NiCoCrAlY bond coat alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hovis, D.; Hu, L.; Reddy, A.; Heuer, A.H. [Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States); Paulikas, A.P.; Veal, B.W. [Materials Science Div., Argonne National Lab., Argonne, IL (United States)

    2007-12-15

    Oxide growth stresses were measured in situ at 1100 C on commercial Pt-modified NiAl and NiCoCrAlY bond coat alloys using synchrotron X-rays. Measurements were taken on samples that had no preoxidation, as well as on samples that had experienced 24 one-hour thermal exposures at 1150 C, a condition known to induce rumpling in the Pt-modified NiAl alloy, but not in the NiCoCrAlY alloy. The NiCoCrAlY alloy showed continuous stress relaxation under all conditions, whereas the Pt-modified NiAl alloys would typically stabilize at a fixed (often non-zero) stress suggesting a higher creep strength in the 'Thermally Grown Oxide' on the latter alloy, though the precise behavior was dependent on initial surface preparation. The formation of martensite in the Pt-modified NiAl alloys was also observed upon cooling and occurred at temperatures below 200 C for all of the samples observed. Based on existing models, this M{sub s} temperature is too low to account for the rumpling observed in these alloys. (orig.)

  4. Third-order nonlinear optical response of colloidal gold nanoparticles prepared by sputtering deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Castro, Hemerson P. S.; Alencar, Márcio A. R. C.; Hickmann, Jandir M. [Optics and Materials Group–OPTMA, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, CAIXA POSTAL 2051, 57061-970 Maceió (Brazil); Wender, Heberton [Brazilian Synchrotron National Laboratory (LNLS), CNPEM, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10.000, 13083-970 Campinas (Brazil); Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande (Brazil); Teixeira, Sergio R. [Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre (Brazil); Dupont, Jairton [Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre (Brazil)

    2013-11-14

    The nonlinear optical responses of gold nanoparticles dispersed in castor oil produced by sputtering deposition were investigated, using the thermally managed Z-scan technique. Particles with spherical shape and 2.6 nm of average diameter were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. This colloid was highly stable, without the presence of chemical impurities, neither stabilizers. It was observed that this system presents a large refractive third-order nonlinear response and a negligible nonlinear absorption. Moreover, the evaluation of the all-optical switching figures of merit demonstrated that the colloidal nanoparticles prepared by sputtering deposition have a good potential for the development of ultrafast photonic devices.

  5. NiCo2S4 nanosheet-decorated 3D, porous Ni film@Ni wire electrode materials for all solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor applications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saravanakumar, Balasubramaniam; Jayaseelan, Santhana Sivabalan; Seo, Min-Kang; Kim, Hak-Yong; Kim, Byoung-Suhk

    2017-12-07

    Wire type supercapacitors with high energy and power densities have generated considerable interest in wearable applications. Herein, we report a novel NiCo 2 S 4 -decorated 3D, porous Ni film@Ni wire electrode for high performance supercapacitor application. In this work, a facile method is introduced to fabricate a 3D, porous Ni film deposited on a Ni wire as a flexible electrode, followed by decoration with NiCo 2 S 4 as an electroactive material. The fabricated NiCo 2 S 4 -decorated 3D, porous Ni film@Ni wire electrode displays a superior performance with an areal and volumetric capacitance of 1.228 F cm -2 and 199.74 F cm -3 , respectively, at a current density of 0.2 mA cm -1 with a maximum volumetric energy and power density (E V : 6.935 mW h cm -3 ; P V : 1.019 W cm -3 ). Finally, the solid state asymmetric wire type supercapacitor is fabricated using the fabricated NiCo 2 S 4 -decorated 3D, porous Ni film@Ni wire as a positive electrode and N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) as a negative electrode and this exhibits good areal and volumetric capacitances of C A : 0.12 F cm -2 and C V : 19.57 F cm -2 with a higher rate capability (92%). This asymmetric wire type supercapacitor demonstrates a low leakage current and self-discharge with a maximum volumetric energy (E V : 5.33 mW h cm -3 ) and power (P V : 855.69 mW cm -3 ) density.

  6. Ni-M-O (M=Sn, Ti and W) catalysts prepared from dry mixing method for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

    KAUST Repository

    Zhu, Haibo; Rosenfeld, Devon C.; Harb, Moussab; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Hedhili, Mohamed N.; Ould-Chikh, Samy; Basset, Jean-Marie

    2016-01-01

    A new generation of Ni-Sn-O, Ni-Ti-O, and Ni-W-O catalysts has been prepared by a solid state grinding method. In each case the doping metal varied from 2.5% to 20%. These catalysts exhibited higher activity and selectivity for ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) than conventionally prepared mixed oxides. Detailed characterisation was achieved using XRD, N2 adsorption, H2-TPR, SEM, TEM, and HAADF-STEM in order to study the detailed atomic structure and textural properties of the synthesized catalysts. Two kinds of typical structures are found in these mixed oxides, which are (major) “NixMyO” (M = Sn, Ti or W) solid solution phases (NiO crystalline structure with doping atom incorporated in the lattice) and (minor) secondary phases (SnO2, TiO2 or WO3). The secondary phase exists as a thin layer around small “NixMyO” particles, lowering the aggregation of nanoparticles during the synthesis. DFT calculations on the formation energies of M-doped NiO structures (M = Sn, Ti, W) clearly confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of incorporating these doping metals into NiO struture. The incorporation of doping metals into the NiO lattice decreases the number of holes (h+) localized on lattice oxygen (O2- + h+ ➔ O●-), which is the main reason for the improved catalytic performance (O●- is known to favor complete ethane oxidation to CO2). The high efficiency of ethylene production achieved in these particularly prepared mixed oxide catalysts indicates that the solid grinding method could serve as a general and practical approach for the preparation of doped NiO based catalysts.

  7. Ni-M-O (M=Sn, Ti and W) catalysts prepared from dry mixing method for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

    KAUST Repository

    Zhu, Haibo

    2016-03-25

    A new generation of Ni-Sn-O, Ni-Ti-O, and Ni-W-O catalysts has been prepared by a solid state grinding method. In each case the doping metal varied from 2.5% to 20%. These catalysts exhibited higher activity and selectivity for ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) than conventionally prepared mixed oxides. Detailed characterisation was achieved using XRD, N2 adsorption, H2-TPR, SEM, TEM, and HAADF-STEM in order to study the detailed atomic structure and textural properties of the synthesized catalysts. Two kinds of typical structures are found in these mixed oxides, which are (major) “NixMyO” (M = Sn, Ti or W) solid solution phases (NiO crystalline structure with doping atom incorporated in the lattice) and (minor) secondary phases (SnO2, TiO2 or WO3). The secondary phase exists as a thin layer around small “NixMyO” particles, lowering the aggregation of nanoparticles during the synthesis. DFT calculations on the formation energies of M-doped NiO structures (M = Sn, Ti, W) clearly confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of incorporating these doping metals into NiO struture. The incorporation of doping metals into the NiO lattice decreases the number of holes (h+) localized on lattice oxygen (O2- + h+ ➔ O●-), which is the main reason for the improved catalytic performance (O●- is known to favor complete ethane oxidation to CO2). The high efficiency of ethylene production achieved in these particularly prepared mixed oxide catalysts indicates that the solid grinding method could serve as a general and practical approach for the preparation of doped NiO based catalysts.

  8. Hydrothermal synthesis of layered Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 as positive electrode material for lithium secondary battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Myung, Seung-Taek; Lee, Myung-Hun; Komaba, Shinichi; Kumagai, Naoaki; Sun, Yang-Kook

    2005-01-01

    In attempts to prepare layered Li[Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ]O 2 , hydrothermal method was employed. The hydrothermal precursor, [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ](OH) 2 , was synthesized via a coprecipitation route. The sphere-shaped powder precursor was hydrothermally reacted with LiOH aqueous solution at 170 deg. C for 4 days in autoclave. From X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies, it was found that the as-hydrothermally prepared powders were crystallized to layered α-NaFeO 2 structure and the particles had spherical shape. The as-prepared Li[Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ]O 2 delivered an initial discharge of about 110 mA h g -1 due to lower crystallinity. Heat treatment of the hydrothermal product at 800 deg. C was significantly effective to improve the structural integrity, which consequently affected the increase in the discharge capacity to 157 (4.3 V cut-off) and 182 mA h g -1 (4.6 V cut-off) at 25 deg. C with good reversibility

  9. Pt, PtCo and PtNi electrocatalysts prepared with mechanical alloying for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium; Electrocatalizadores de Pt, PtCo y PtNi preparados por aleado mecanico para la reaccion de reduccion de oxigeno en medio alcalino

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Garcia-Contreras, M.A.; Fernandez-Valverde, S.M. [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: miguel.garcia@inin.gob.mx; Vargas-Garcia, J.R. [ESIQIE-IPN, Mexico D.F. (Mexico

    2009-09-15

    Pt, PtCo and PtNi electrocatalysts were prepared using mechanical alloying and their electrocatalytic activity was investigated for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in KOH 0.5 M using cyclic voltametry and rotary disc electrode (RDE) techniques. The electrocatalysts were characterized using x-ray diffraction, sweep electron microscopy, dispersive x-ray transmission and chemical analysis. The physical characterization indicated that all the electrocatalysts are alloys formed by agglomerated particles composed of nanocrystals. The chemical analysis showed the presence of iron in the alloys. For the electrocatalytic evaluation, polarization curves and Koutecky-Levich and Tafel graphs were obtained to determine the kinetic parameters of the electrocatalysts in the study. With the same experimental conditions, the PtCo presented better electrocatalytic performance with a higher exchange current density. [Spanish] Se prepararon electrocatalizadores de Pt, PtCo y PtNi por aleado mecanico y se investigo su actividad electrocatalitica para la reaccion de reduccion de oxigeno (RRO) en KOH 0.5 M utilizando las tecnicas de Voltametria ciclica y Electrodo de Disco Rotatorio. Los electrocatalizadores se caracterizaron por difraccion de rayos X, Microscopia electronica de Barrido, de Transmision y analisis quimico por dispersion de rayos X. La caracterizacion fisica indico que todos los electrocatalizadores son aleaciones formadas de particulas aglomeradas, compuestas de nanocristales. El analisis quimico mostro la presencia de hierro en las aleaciones. Para la evaluacion electrocatalitica se obtuvieron curvas de polarizacion, graficas de Koutecky-Levich y de Tafel para determinar los parametros cineticos de los electrocatalizadores en estudio. En las mismas condiciones experimentales, el PtCo presento el mejor desempeno electrocatalitico con la densidad de corriente de intercambio mas alta.

  10. Novel topotactically transformed carbon-CoO-NiO-NiCo₂O₄ nanosheet hybrid hetero-structured arrays as ultrahigh performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Hai; Guo, Junling; Qing, Chen; Sun, Daming; Wang, Bixiao; Tang, Yiwen

    2014-08-14

    A novel carbon-CoO-NiO-NiCo2O4 integrated electrode has been designed by reducing the hetero-structured NiCo2O4 nanosheet array with C2H2 on the nickel foam at a low temperature of 350 °C. The topotactical transformation from NiCo2O4 to the integrated electrode has been first conceived and investigated. Such unique nanoarchitectures exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with ultrahigh capacitance and desirable cycle life at high rates.

  11. Synthesis and microstructure characterization of Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-V-Al high entropy alloy coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate by laser surface alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cai, Zhaobing; Jin, Guo; Cui, Xiufang; Liu, Zhe; Zheng, Wei; Li, Yang; Wang, Liquan

    2016-01-01

    Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-V-Al high-entropy alloy coating on Ti-6Al-4V was synthesized by laser surface alloying. The coating is composed of a B2 matrix and (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compounds with few β-Ti phases. Focused ion beam technique was utilized to prepare TEM sample and TEM observations agree well with XRD and SEM results. The formation of HEA phases is due to high temperature and rapid cooling rate during laser surface alloying. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH mix , ΔS mix and δ as well as Δχ, should be used to predict the formation of the BCC solid solution, but they are not the strict criteria. Especially when Δχ reaches a high value (≥ 10%), BCC HEA will be partially decomposed, leading to the formation of (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compound phases. - Highlights: •Preparing HEA coating on Ti-6Al-4V by laser surface alloying is successful. •The synthesized HEA coating mainly consists of BCC HEA and (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compounds. •FIB technology was used to prepare the sample for TEM analysis. • ΔH mix , ΔS mix and δ as well as Δχ, should be all used to predict the formation of solid solution.

  12. NiCo2O4 nanosheets in-situ grown on three dimensional porous Ni film current collectors as integrated electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Tao; Guo, Ying; Zhao, Bo; Yu, Shuhui; Yang, Hai-Peng; Lu, Daniel; Fu, Xian-Zhu; Sun, Rong; Wong, Ching-Ping

    2015-07-01

    Three dimensional interconnected hierarchical porous Ni films are easily fabricated as effective current collectors through hydrogen bubble template electrochemical deposition. The binder-free integrated electrodes of spinel NiCo2O4 nanosheets directly coated the three dimensional porous Ni films are facilely obtained through successively electrochemical co-deposition of Ni/Co alloy layer then followed by subsequent annealing at 350 °C in air. Compared with NiCo2O4 nanosheets on smooth Ni foil or porous NiO/Ni film electrodes, the porous NiCo2O4/Ni integrated film electrodes for supercapacitors demonstrate remarkably higher area specific capacitance. The porous NiCo2O4/Ni film electrodes also exhibit excellent rate capability and cycling stability. The super electrochemical capacitive performances are attributed to the unique integrated architecture of NiCo2O4 nanosheets in-situ grown on three dimensional continuous hierarchical porous Ni collector collectors, which could provide large electrode-electrolyte interface area, high active sites, low contact resistance between current collector and active materials, fast electron conduction and ion/electrolyte diffusion.

  13. Molar Volume Analysis of Molten Ni-Al-Co Alloy by Measuring the Density

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    XIAO Feng; FANG Liang; FU Yuechao; YANG Lingchuan

    2004-01-01

    The density of molten Ni-Al-Co alloys was measured in the temperature range of 1714~1873K using a modified pycnometric method, and the molar volume of molten alloys was analyzed. The density of molten Ni-Al-Co alloys was found to decrease with increasing temperature and Co concentration in alloys. The molar volume of molten Ni-Al-Co alloys increases with increasing Co concentration in alloys. The molar volume of molten Ni-Al-Co alloys shows a negative deviation from the linear molar volume.

  14. Beta decay of 72Co and excited levels in 72Ni

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grzywacz, R.; Rykaczewski, K.; Sawicka, M.; Pfuetzner, M.; Daugas, J.M.; Belier, G.; Sauvestre, J.E.; Meot, V.; Roig, O.; Giovinazzo, J.; Grawe, H.; Mayet, P.; Matea, I.; Georgiev, G.; Lewitowicz, M.; Olivieira, F. de; Stodel, C.; Saint-Laurent, M. G.; Stanoiu, M.; Verney, D.

    2003-01-01

    An experiment was performed at GANIL to observe isomeric- and beta-delayed gamma rays from very neutron-rich nuclei around 74Ni. Fragmentation products of the 86Kr beam at 58 AMeV were studied using new devices: the LISE 2000 spectrometer and detectors from the EXOGAM germanium array. The primary aim of the experiment was to find the 8+ microsecond isomer in 76Ni and to perform beta decay spectroscopy of Co nuclei. We have successfully measured the beta delayed gammas from the decay of 72Co to 72Ni. The energies for the lowest excited states in 72Ni are proposed, with the first 2+ state at 1096 keV. These findings suggest a solution of the problem of the disappearance of the 8+ isomer in 72Ni. We also measured beta decay of other neutron-rich Co isotopes including 70Co. First evidence was found for a new short lived isomer, most likely the Iπ=8+ state, in 76Ni

  15. Magnetization reversal dynamics in exchange-coupled NiO - Co bilayers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Camarero, J.; Pennec, Y.; Bonfim, M.; Vogel, J.; Pizzini, S.; Fontaine, A.; Cartier, M.; Fettar, F.; Dieny, B.

    2001-01-01

    We performed a detailed study of the magnetization reversal in polycrystalline exchange-coupled NiO/Co bilayers over 10 decades of field sweep rate dH/dt for different NiO and Co thicknesses. For all sweep rates and thicknesses, the symmetry of the hysteresis loops shows that an identical pinning strength has to be overcome in both directions of the reversal. At low dH/dt the reversal is governed by domain wall displacement while domain nucleation is dominant at higher ones. The dH/dt at which the transition between the two regimes takes place depends on the relative thickness of the NiO and Co layers. It increases (decreases) when the Co (NiO) thickness is increased. Experimentally, it was found that the energy barrier varies linearly with the square root of the area corresponding to the activation (Barkhausen) volume which is consistent with a random walk model of the coupling between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic layers. The results can be explained in terms of a thermally activated switching of the NiO magnetization dragged by the Co reversal. [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

  16. Rational construction of a 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4/PANI/MF composite foam as a high-performance electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cui, Fen; Huang, Yunpeng; Xu, Le; Zhao, Yan; Lian, Jiabiao; Bao, Jian; Li, Huaming

    2018-04-19

    A 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4/PANI/MF composite foam with a macroporous 3D skeleton, a conductive PANI coating and highly electrochemically active NiCo2O4 nanosheets is synthesized as a lightweight and low-cost electrode material. Due to the collaborative contribution of all the components, the prepared composite foam exhibits excellent capacitive performances when incorporated into an asymmetric supercapacitor.

  17. NiCo_2O_4@TiN Core-shell Electrodes through Conformal Atomic Layer Deposition for All-solid-state Supercapacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Ruiqi; Xia, Chuan; Wei, Nini; Alshareef, Husam N.

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • NiCo_2O_4 nanostructures are prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. • Outer shell of TiN is then grown through conformal atomic layer deposition. • Electrodes exhibit significantly enhanced rate capability with TiN coating. • Solid-state polymer electrolyte is employed to improve cycling stability. • Full devices show a stack power density of 58.205 mW cm"−"3 at 0.061 mWh cm"−"3. - Abstract: Ternary transition metal oxides such as NiCo_2O_4 show great potential as supercapacitor electrode materials. However, the unsatisfactory rate performance of NiCo_2O_4 may prove to be a major hurdle to its commercial usage. Herein, we report the development of NiCo_2O_4@TiN core–shell nanostructures for all-solid-state supercapacitors with significantly enhanced rate capability. We demonstrate that a thin layer of TiN conformally grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on NiCo_2O_4 nanofiber arrays plays a key role in improving their electrical conductivity, mechanical stability, and rate performance. Fabricated using the hybrid NiCo_2O_4@TiN electrodes, the symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor exhibited an impressive stack power density of 58.205 mW cm"−"3 at a stack energy density of 0.061 mWh cm"−"3. To the best of our knowledge, these values are the highest of any NiCo_2O_4-based all-solid-state supercapacitor reported. Additionally, the resulting NiCo_2O_4@TiN all-solid-state device displayed outstanding cycling stability by retaining 70% of its original capacitance after 20,000 cycles at a high current density of 10 mA cm"−"2. These results illustrate the promise of ALD-assisted hybrid NiCo_2O_4@TiN electrodes within sustainable and integrated energy storage applications.

  18. Hybrid NiCoOx adjacent to Pd nanoparticles as a synergistic electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Wei; Yang, Yan; Liu, Yanqin; Zhang, Zhe; Dong, Wenkui; Lei, Ziqiang

    2015-01-01

    To improve the electrocatalytic activity of Pd for ethanol oxidation, hybrid NiCoOx adjacent to Pd catalyst (Pd-NiCoOx/C) is successfully synthesized. Physical characterization shows NiCoOx is closely adjacent to Pd nanoparticles in Pd-NiCoOx/C catalyst, which leads to Strong Metal-Support Interactions (SMSI) between the NiCoOx and Pd nanoparticles, in favor of the electrocatalytic properties. The Pd-NiCoOx/C catalyst is estimated to own larger electrochemically active surface area than Pd/C and Pd-NiO/C catalysts. Moreover, compared to Pd/C catalyst, the onset potential of Pd-NiCoOx/C catalyst is negative 40 mV for ethanol oxidation. Noticeably, the current density of Pd-NiCoOx/C catalyst is 2.05 and 1.43 times higher contrasted to Pd/C and Pd-NiO/C catalysts accordingly. Importantly, the Pd-NiCoOx/C catalyst exhibits better stability during ethanol oxidation, which is a promising electrocatalyst for application in direct alkaline alcohol fuel cells.

  19. Probing the electronic structure of M-graphene oxide (M = Ni, Co, NiCo) catalysts for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao, Binhua; Liu, Jinyin; Zhou, Litao [Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Material (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 (China); Long, Dan, E-mail: legend_long@aliyun.com [Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022 (China); Feng, Kun; Sun, Xuhui [Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Material (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 (China); Zhong, Jun, E-mail: jzhong@suda.edu.cn [Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Material (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 (China)

    2016-01-30

    Graphical abstract: An interaction between metal and graphene oxide was probed to enhance the hydrolysis efficiency of ammonia borane. - Highlights: • Various metal elements (M = Ni, Co, NiCo) were dispersed on graphene oxide (GO) for the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). • The electronic structure of the hybrids has been probed by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). • An interfacial interaction between metal and GO was observed which could be related to the hydrolysis performance. • The results provide new insight into the enhanced performance of the M-GO hybrids. - Abstract: Various metal elements (M = Ni, Co, NiCo) were dispersed on graphene oxide (GO) to form the M-GO hybrids by a facile way. The hybrids showed good catalytic activities in the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB, NH{sub 3}BH{sub 3}), which were significantly enhanced when compared to the metal nanoparticles or GO alone. The electronic structure of the hybrids has been probed by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). The distribution of metal elements was clearly imaged with identical electronic structure. Moreover, an interfacial interaction between metal and GO was observed with the peak intensity proportional to the catalytic performance in the hydrolysis of AB. The results provide new insight into the enhanced performance of the M-GO hybrids and may help for the design of advanced catalysts.

  20. Determination of radiochemical purity and pharmacokinetic parameters of sup(99m)Tc-sulphur colloid and sup(99m)Tc-tin colloid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jovanovic, V.; Konstantinovska, D.; Milivojevic, K.; Bzenic, J.

    1981-01-01

    Labelling yield and radiochemical purity, higher than 95%, of sup(99m)Tc-colloid preparations were determined by using the paper chromatography method. Less than 3% of labelled citric acid, added to the preparation as a buffer solution, has been found in sup(99m)Tc-sulphur colloid. High radiochemical purity and optimum size of colloid particles has also been proved by biodistribution studies on experimental animals. The analysis performed has shown that more than 50% of sup(99m)Tc-colloid preparations excreted by urine is sup(99m)TcO - , the remaining past 50% being protein bound sup(99m)Tc. Biological half-time of excretion of the fast phase is the same for both preparations, i.e. 10 min, while for the slow component it is 120 min in sup(99m)Tc-S-colloid and 160 min in sup(99m)Tc-Sn colloid. (orig.) [de

  1. Microporous Ni@NiO nanoparticles prepared by chemically dealloying Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}@Al nanoparticles as a high microwave absorption material

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pang, Yu; Xie, Xiubo; Li, Da [Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No.37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China); Chou, Wusheng [School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Liu, Tong, E-mail: tongliu@buaa.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No.37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191 (China)

    2017-03-15

    The Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}@Al nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared from Ni{sub 45}Al{sub 55} master alloy by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction method, and were subsequently dealloyed to produce porous Ni@NiO NPs of 36 nm. The pore size ranges from 0.7 to 1.6 nm, leading to large specific surface area of 69.5 m{sup 2}/g and big pore volume of 0.507 cc/g. The saturation magnetization (M{sub S}) and coercivity (H{sub C}) of the microporous Ni@NiO NPs are 11.5 emu/g and 5.2 Oe. They exhibit high microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection coefficient (RC) of −86.9 dB and an absorption bandwidth of 2.6 GHz (RC≤−10 dB) at thickness of 4.5 mm. The enhanced microwave absorption properties are attributed to the synergistic effect of the magnetic Ni core and dielectric NiO shell, and the micropore architecture. The NPs with micropore morphology and core/shell structure open a new way to modify the microwave absorption performance. - Graphical abstract: The microporous Ni/NiO nanoparticles prepared by chemically dealloying Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}@Al NPs exhibit high microwave absorption intensity (−86.9 dB) and wide absorption bandwidth (2.6 GHz for RC≤−10 dB). - Highlights: • Microporous Ni/NiO nanoparticals were prepared by chemically dealloying method. • They possessed micropores of 0.7–1.6 nm with a surface area of 69.5 m{sup 2}/g. • They showed high microwave absorption intensity and wide absorption bandwidth. • Microwave absorption mechanism was explained by micropore and core/shell structures.

  2. Mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanoneedles grown on 3D graphene-nickel foam for supercapacitor and methanol electro-oxidation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu, Mei; Chen, Jianpeng; Liu, Jianhua; Li, Songmei; Ma, Yuxiao; Zhang, Jingdan; An, Junwei

    2015-01-01

    Mesoporous NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles were directly grown on three dimensional (3D) graphene-nickel foam which was prepared by chemical vapor deposition, labeled as NCO/GNF. The structure and morphology of NCO/GNF were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, element mapping and Raman spectroscopy. The NCO/GNF was employed as electrodes for supercapacitor and methanol electro-oxidation. When used for supercapacitor, the NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles exhibit hi exhibit high specific capacitance (1588 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 ), high power density and energy density (33.88 Wh kg −1 at 5 kW kg −1 ) as well as long cycling stability. In methanol electro-oxidation, the NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles deliver high electro-oxidation activity (93.3 A g −1 at 0.65 V) and electro-oxidation stability. The good electrochemical performance of NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles is attributed to the 3D structure with large specific area, high conductivity and fast ions/electrons transport

  3. Effects of Ni content on nanocrystalline Fe–Co–Ni ternary alloys synthesized by a chemical reduction method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chokprasombat, Komkrich, E-mail: komkrich28@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210 Thailand (Thailand); Pinitsoontorn, Supree [Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand (Thailand); Maensiri, Santi [School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand (Thailand)

    2016-05-01

    Magnetic properties of Fe–Co–Ni ternary alloys could be altered by changing of the particle size, elemental compositions, and crystalline structures. In this work, Fe{sub 50}Co{sub 50−x}Ni{sub x} nanoparticles (x=10, 20, 40, and 50) were prepared by the novel chemical reduction process. Hydrazine monohydrate was used as a reducing agent under the concentrated basic condition with the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone). We found that the nanoparticles were composed of Fe, Co and Ni with compositions according to the molar ratio of the metal sources. Interestingly, the particles were well-crystalline at the as-prepared state without post-annealing at high temperature. Increasing Ni content resulted in phase transformation from body centered cubic (bcc) to face centered cubic (fcc). For the fcc phase, the average particle size decreased when increased the Ni content; the Fe{sub 50}Ni{sub 50} nanoparticles had the smallest average size with the narrowest size distribution. In additions, the particles exhibited ferromagnetic properties at room temperature with the coercivities higher than 300 Oe, and the saturation magnetiation decreased with increasing Ni content. These results suggest that the structural and magnetic properties of Fe–Co–Ni alloys could be adjusted by varying the Ni content. - Highlights: • We prepared nanocrystalline Fe–Co–Ni alloys by a novel chemical reduction process. • Elemental compositions could be well controlled by the molar ratio of metal sources. • Particle size and magnetic properties clearly depended on the Ni contents. • Fe{sub 50}Co{sub 10}Ni{sub 40} exhibited high saturation magnetization of 126.3 emu/g.

  4. An Asymmetric Supercapacitor with Mesoporous NiCo2O4 Nanorod/Graphene Composite and N-Doped Graphene Electrodes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mao, J. W.; He, C. H.; Qi, J. Q.; Zhang, A. B.; Sui, Y. W.; He, Y. Z.; Meng, Q. K.; Wei, F. X.

    2018-01-01

    In the present work, mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanorod/graphene oxide (NiCo2O4/GO) composite was prepared by a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal method and meanwhile, N-doped graphene (N-G) was fabricated also by a hydrothermal synthesis process. NiCo2O4/GO composite and N-G were used as positive and negative electrodes for the supercapacitor, respectively, which all displayed excellent electrochemical performances. The NiCo2O4/GO composite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 709.7 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and excellent rate capability as well as good cycling performance with 84.7% capacitance retention at 6 A g-1 after 3000 cycles. A high-voltage asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was successfully fabricated using NiCo2O4/GO composite and N-G as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, in 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The ASC delivered a high energy density of 34.4 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 800 W kg-1 and still maintained 28 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 8000 W kg-1. Furthermore, this ASC showed excellent cycling stability with 94.3% specific capacitance retained at 5 A g-1 after 5000 cycles. The impressive results can be ascribed to the positive synergistic effects of the two electrodes. Evidently, our work provides useful information for assembling high-performance supercapacitor devices.

  5. Preparation and chemical properties of the skutterudites (Ce-Yb) yFe4-x(Co/Ni) xSb12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berardan, D.; Alleno, E.; Godart, C.; Rouleau, O.; Rodriguez-Carvajal, J.

    2005-01-01

    The double-filled skutterudites Ce y/2 Yb y/2 Fe 4-x Co x Sb 12 and Ce y/2 Yb y/2 Fe 4-x Ni x Sb 12 have been synthesized as single phase materials. The evolution of the lattice parameters and of the filling fractions with substitutions on the transition metal site have been studied by X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis, respectively. Both results were compared to that of single filled series (Ce/Yb) y Fe 4-x (Co/Ni) x Sb 12 . It shows that double-filled skutterudites can be understood as a solid solution between single filled ones. The valence states of Ce and Yb in all series have been studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L 3 edges, and we discuss their relationships with structural parameters. Ce is always trivalent, whereas Yb valence state decreases as Yb fraction increases. No distortion of the environment or sub-position of Yb in the cage have been seen by neutron diffraction. The Seebeck coefficient has been measured using a home made apparatus from 120 K to 300 K. It shows a crossover from p- to n-type conductivity for Co or Ni rich skutterudites in the six series. We discuss the influence on the room temperature thermopower of valence states, filling fractions and substitution rate on the transition metal site. Thermopower seems to be only driven by charge carriers concentration

  6. In Situ Synthesis and Electrophoretic Deposition of NiO/Ni Core-Shell Nanoparticles and Its Application as Pseudocapacitor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquin Yus

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available A simple, low cost and transferable colloidal processing method and the subsequent heat treatment has been optimized to prepare binder-free electrodes for their application in supercapacitors. NiO/Ni core–shell hybrid nanostructures have been synthetized by heterogeneous precipitation of metallic Ni nanospheres onto NiO nanoplatelets as seed surfaces. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD has been used to shape the electroactive material onto 3D substrates such as Ni foams. The method has allowed us to control the growth and the homogeneity of the NiO/Ni coatings. The presence of metallic Nickel in the microstructure and the optimization of the thermal treatment have brought several improvements in the electrochemical response due to the connectivity of the final microstructure. The highest specific capacitance value has been obtained using a thermal treatment of 325 °C during 1 h in Argon. At this temperature, necks formed among ceramic-metallic nanoparticles preserve the structural integrity of the microstructure avoiding the employment of binders to enhance their connectivity. Thus, a compromise between porosity and connectivity should be established to improve electrochemical performance.

  7. NiCoCrAl/YSZ laminate composites fabricated by EB-PVD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shi Guodong; Wang Zhi; Liang Jun; Wu Zhanjun

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → The metal-ceramic laminate composites were fabricated by EB-PVD. → Both metal and ceramic layers consisted of straight columns with banded structures. → Columnar grain size was limited by the periodic layer interfaces in the laminates. → Effect of columns on fracture property was decreased by limiting layer thickness. → Laminates showed greater specific strength than monolithic metal foil. - Abstract: Two NiCoCrAl/YSZ laminate composites (A and B) with different metal-layer thickness (∼35 μm and 14 μm, respectively) were fabricated by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Their microstructure was examined and their mechanical properties were compared with the 289 μm thick NiCoCrAl monolithic foil produced by EB-PVD. Both the YSZ and NiCoCrAl layers of the laminate composites had columnar grain structure. But the periodic layer interfaces limited the columnar grain size. Some pores between the columns were also observed. It was found that the strength of the laminate A was equal approximately to that of the NiCoCrAl monolithic foil, and that laminate B had the greater strength. Moreover, the density of the foils decreased with the increasing thickness ratio of YSZ/NiCoCrAl layers and the increasing the layer number. Thus, comparing with the NiCoCrAl monolithic foil, the NiCoCrAl/YSZ laminate composites not only had the equal or greater strength, but also had the much greater specific strength.

  8. Hybrid NiS/CoO mesoporous nanosheet arrays on Ni foam for high-rate supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Jianghong; Ouyang, Canbin; Dou, Shuo; Wang, Shuangyin

    2015-08-01

    A new hybrid of NiS/CoO porous nanosheets was synthesized on Ni foam by one-step electrodeposition method and used as an electrode for high-performance pseudocapacitance. The as-synthesized NiS/CoO porous nanosheets hybrid shows a high specific capacitance of 1054 F g-1 at a high current density of 6 A g-1, a good rate capability even at high current density (760 F g-1 at 20 A g-1) and a good long-term cycling stability (91.7% of the maximum specific capacitance after 3000 cycles). These excellent properties can be mainly attributed to the unique hierarchical porous structure with large surface area and interspaces which facilitate charge transfer and redox reaction. The enhancement in the interface contact between active material and substrate results in excellent conductivity of the electrode and a strong synergistic effect of NiS and CoO as individual constituents contributed to high capacitance of the hybrid electrode.

  9. Colloid mobilization and heavy metal transport in the sampling of soil solution from Duckum soil in South Korea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Seyong; Ko, Il-Won; Yoon, In-Ho; Kim, Dong-Wook; Kim, Kyoung-Woong

    2018-03-24

    Colloid mobilization is a significant process governing colloid-associated transport of heavy metals in subsurface environments. It has been studied for the last three decades to understand this process. However, colloid mobilization and heavy metal transport in soil solutions have rarely been studied using soils in South Korea. We investigated the colloid mobilization in a variety of flow rates during sampling soil solutions in sand columns. The colloid concentrations were increased at low flow rates and in saturated regimes. Colloid concentrations increased 1000-fold higher at pH 9.2 than at pH 7.3 in the absence of 10 mM NaCl solution. In addition, those were fourfold higher in the absence than in the presence of the NaCl solution at pH 9.2. It was suggested that the mobility of colloids should be enhanced in porous media under the basic conditions and the low ionic strength. In real field soils, the concentrations of As, Cr, and Pb in soil solutions increased with the increase in colloid concentrations at initial momentarily changed soil water pressure, whereas the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Al, and Co lagged behind the colloid release. Therefore, physicochemical changes and heavy metal characteristics have important implications for colloid-facilitated transport during sampling soil solutions.

  10. Energies of Electronic States of Ni (II) Ion in NiO-Al2O3 Catalyst Prepared by Impregnation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obadovic, D. Z.; Kiurski, J.; Marinkovic-Neducin, R. P.

    2007-01-01

    The behavior of NiO-Al2O3 catalysts is strongly dependent on the preparation method, as well as on pretreatment conditions. In the present work we investigated the influences of Ni(II) ion on NiO-Al2O3 catalysts properties due to the preparation by impregnation method. Based on experimental diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) data of electronic d-d transitions of Ni (II) promoter ion the energies of electronic states in spinel-like structure were calculated, and the most probable scheme of molecular orbital have been proposed

  11. Mechanosynthesis of MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni, and Zn Magnetic Nanoparticles for Pb Removal from Aqueous Solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    America R. Vazquez-Olmos

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Adsorption of Pb(II from aqueous solution using MFe2O4 nanoferrites (M = Co, Ni, and Zn was studied. Nanoferrite samples were prepared via the mechanochemical method and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, micro-Raman, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM. XRD analysis confirms the formation of pure single phases of cubic ferrites with average crystallite sizes of 23.8, 19.4, and 19.2 nm for CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4, respectively. Only NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 samples show superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, whereas CoFe2O4 is ferromagnetic. Kinetics and isotherm adsorption studies for adsorption of Pb(II were carried out. A pseudo-second-order kinetic describes the sorption behavior. The experimental data of the isotherms were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II on the nanoferrites was found to be 20.58, 17.76, and 9.34 mg·g−1 for M = Co, Ni, and Zn, respectively.

  12. Preparation and Optical Properties of Spherical Inverse Opals by Liquid Phase Deposition Using Spherical Colloidal Crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aoi, Y; Tominaga, T

    2013-01-01

    Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) inverse opals in spherical shape were prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD) using spherical colloidal crystals as templates. Spherical colloidal crystals were produced by ink-jet drying technique. Aqueous emulsion droplets that contain polystyrene latex particles were ejected into air and dried. Closely packed colloidal crystals with spherical shape were obtained. The obtained spherical colloidal crystals were used as templates for the LPD. The templates were dispersed in the deposition solution of the LPD, i.e. a mixed solution of ammonium hexafluorotitanate and boric acid and reacted for 4 h at 30 °C. After the LPD process, the interstitial spaces of the spherical colloidal crystals were completely filled with titanium oxide. Subsequent heat treatment resulted in removal of templates and spherical titanium dioxide inverse opals. The spherical shape of the template was retained. SEM observations indicated that the periodic ordered voids were surrounded by titanium dioxide. The optical reflectance spectra indicated that the optical properties of the spherical titanium dioxide inverse opals were due to Bragg diffractions from the ordered structure. Filling in the voids of the inverse opals with different solvents caused remarkable changes in the reflectance peak.

  13. Preparation and characterization of NiW-nHA composite catalyst for hydrocracking

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Gang; Hou, Yongzhao; Liu, Lei; Liu, Hongru; Liu, Can; Liu, Jing; Qiao, Huiting; Liu, Wenyong; Fan, Yubo; Shen, Shituan; Rong, Long

    2012-11-01

    The synthesis, characterization and catalytic capability of the NiW-nano-hydroxyapatite (NiW-nHA) composite were investigated in this paper. The NiW-nHA catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method. Then Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) were used to analyze this material. In addition, the catalytic capacity of the NiW-nHA composite was also examined by FT-IR and gas chromatography (GC). The results of FT-IR analysis indicated that Ni, W and nHA combined closely. TEM observation revealed that this catalyst was needle shaped and the crystal retained a nanometer size. XRD data also suggested that a new phase of CaWO4 appeared and the lattice parameters of nHA changed in this system. nHA was the carrier of metals. The rates of Ni/W-loading were 73.24% and 65.99% according to the EDX data, respectively. Furthermore, the conversion of 91.88% Jatropha oil was achieved at 360 °C and 3 MPa h-1 over NiW-nHA catalyst. The straight chain alkanes ranging from C15 to C18 were the main components in the production. The yield of C15-C18 alkanes was up to 83.56 wt%. The reaction pathway involved hydrocracking of the C&z.dbd;C bonds of these triglycerides from Jatropha oil. This paper developed a novel non-sulfided catalyst to obtain a ``green biofuel'' from vegetable oil.

  14. Ni-Co nanosheets supported on conductive “core” for integrated supercapacitor with high performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao, Ying; Wang, Lei; Zhang, Wenping; Yang, Xiuyun; Ma, Yuqin; Shao, Jing; Li, Yunhui

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Hierarchical Ni-Co is fabricated by growing nanosheet on dispersive nanorod surface. • Nanosheets are benefit for ion adsorption/de-adsorption and surface redox reactions. • Interlayer Ni serves as current collector and electronic conductor. • Self-support Ni-Co electrode manifests high specific capacitance and good stability. - Abstract: Developing supercapacitors with high energy density, fast charging rates, and superior cycle life is crucial to the ever-increasing electric energy storage. However, how to construct a new type of supercapacitors involving pseudocapacitive performance and electric double-layer capacitive performance and exhibiting enhanced electronic conductivity is still challenging. Here, hierarchical Ni_xCo_2_x(OH)_y@Ni@ZnO/ITO architecture is successfully fabricated by growing Ni_xCo_2_x(OH)_y nanosheets on surface of well-aligned Ni@ZnO nanorod using co-electrodeposition method. Ni_xCo_2_x(OH)_y with layered structure is wrapped like rippled silk and increases the specific surface area, which is crucial and benefit for fast ion adsorption/de-adsorption and fast surface redox reactions. Importantly, interlayer Ni serves as a nanostructured current collector and electronic conductor, playing an important role in rate capability. By virtue of structure features, the self-support Ni_xCo_2_x(OH)_y@Ni@ZnO/ITO as binder-free electrode for supercapacitors manifests higher specific capacitance (124 mF cm"−"2 at 0.1 mA cm"−"2, the mass of active material per square centimeter is typically in 100s micrograms). Furthermore, the Ni_xCo_2_x(OH)_y@Ni@ZnO/ITO exhibits remarkable cycling stability with about 95% specific capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The results show that Ni-Co nanostructure constructed on surface of embedded conductive “core” materials is promising for high-energy supercapacitors.

  15. One-pot synthesis of hollow NiSe-CoSe nanoparticles with improved performance for hybrid supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Haichao; Fan, Meiqiang; Li, Chao; Tian, Guanglei; Lv, Chunju; Chen, Da; Shu, Kangying; Jiang, Jianjun

    2016-10-01

    Hollow NiSe-CoSe samples have been synthesized for the first time via a one-pot solvothermal approach. The strategy is robust enough to synthesize NiSe-CoSe nanoparticles with different NiSe to CoSe ratios but with a similar hollow structure. Co ions in the NiSe-CoSe nanoparticles play decisive role for formation of the hollow structure; otherwise, the nanoparticles become solid for the NiSe sample. When used as the positive electroactive materials for energy storage, the NiSe-CoSe samples show excellent electrochemical activity in alkaline electrolyte. Using the synergistic effect between NiSe and CoSe, the electrochemical performance of NiSe-CoSe can be tuned by varying the NiSe to CoSe ratios. The NiSe-CoSe sample with a NiSe to CoSe ratio of 4:2 shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of superior specific capacity, improved rate capability and excellent cycling stability. In addition, the electrochemical performance of NiSe-CoSe sample with a NiSe to CoSe ratio of 4:2 is also evaluated via assembling hybrid supercapacitors with RGO, and the hybrid supercapacitor delivers both high power and energy densities (41.8 Wh kg-1 at 750 W kg-1 and 20.3 Wh kg-1 at 30 kW kg-1).

  16. A Ni-P@NiCo LDH core-shell nanorod-decorated nickel foam with enhanced areal specific capacitance for high-performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xing, Jiale; Du, Jing; Zhang, Xuan; Shao, Yubo; Zhang, Ting; Xu, Cailing

    2017-08-14

    Recently, transition metal-based nanomaterials have played a key role in the applications of supercapacitors. In this study, nickel phosphide (Ni-P) was simply combined with NiCo LDH via facile phosphorization of Ni foam and subsequent electrodeposition to form core-shell nanorod arrays on the Ni foam; the Ni-P@NiCo LDH was then directly used for a pseudocapacitive electrode. Owing to the splendid synergistic effect between Ni-P and NiCo LDH nanosheets as well as the hierarchical structure of 1D nanorods, 2D nanosheets, and 3D Ni foam, the hybrid electrode exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical performances. The Ni-P@NiCo LDH electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 12.9 F cm -2 at 5 mA cm -2 (3470.5 F g -1 at a current density of 1.3 A g -1 ) that remained as high as 6.4 F cm -2 at a high current density of 100 mA cm -2 (1700 F g -1 at 27 A g -1 ) and excellent cycling stability (96% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles at 40 mA cm -2 ). Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) were assembled using Ni-P@NiCo LDH as a positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode. The obtained ASCs delivered remarkable energy density and power density as well as good cycling performance. The enhanced electrochemical activities open a new avenue for the development of supercapacitors.

  17. Colloidal lithography with electrochemical nickel deposition as a unique method for improved silver decorated nanocavities in SERS applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petruš, Ondrej; Oriňak, Andrej; Oriňaková, Renáta; Orságová Králová, Zuzana; Múdra, Erika; Kupková, Miriam; Kovaľ, Karol

    2017-11-01

    Two types of metallised nanocavities (single and hybrid) were fabricated by colloid lithography followed by electrochemical deposition of Ni and subsequently Ag layers. Introductory Ni deposition step iniciates more homogenous decoration of nanocavities with Ag nanoparticles. Silver nanocavity decoration has been so performed with lower nucleation rate and with Ag nanoparticles homogeinity increase. By this, two step Ni and Ag deposition trough polystyrene nanospheres (100, 300, 500, 700, 900 nm), the various Ag surfaces were obtained. Ni layer formation in the first step of deposition enabled more precise controlling of Ag film deposition and thus final Ag surface morphology. Prepared substrates were tested as active surfaces in SERS application. The best SERS signal enhancement was observed at 500 nm Ag nanocavities with normalised thickness Ni layer ∼0.5. Enhancement factor has been established at value 1.078 × 1010; time stability was determined within 13 weeks; charge distribution at nanocavity Ag surfaces as well as reflection spectra were calculated by FDTD method. Newly prepared nanocavity surface can be applied in SERS analysis, predominantly.

  18. In-plane and perpendicular exchange bias in [Pt/Co]/NiO multilayers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lin, K.W.; Guo, J.Y.; Chang, S.C.; Ouyang, H. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402 (China); Kahwaji, S.; Van Lierop, J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2 (Canada); Phuoc, N.N.; Suzuki, T. [Information Storage Materials Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511 (Japan)

    2007-12-15

    Exchange bias in [Pt/Co]/NiO multilayers were studied as a function of film thickness and [Pt/Co] layer repetition. A strong temperature dependence of the coercivity, H{sub c}, and exchange bias field, H{sub ex}, was observed for the thick and thinnest [Pt/Co]/NiO multilayers. While the thinnest [Pt(3 nm)/Co(1.25 nm)]{sub 4}/NiO multilayers exhibits no in-plane exchange bias field, a perpendicular H{sub ex} {sub perpendicular} {sub to} {proportional_to} -150 Oe at 80 K was measured. By contrast, the thickest [Pt(12 nm)/Co(10 nm)]{sub 1}/NiO multilayers exhibited an in-plane H{sub ex//}{proportional_to}-600 Oe (with H{sub ex//}{proportional_to}-1300 Oe at 5 K) with no measurable perpendicular exchange bias field. The estimated interfacial exchange coupling energy implies the effective Co layer thickness contributing to the exchange bias is effective only in Co layer in contact with NiO bottom layer. AC susceptibility and the temperature dependence of H{sub ex} show that the a 1.25 nm thick Co component enables perpendicular exchange bias with a reduced blocking temperature T{sub B}{proportional_to}200 K, compared to that (T{sub B}{proportional_to}250 K) for the thick [Pt/Co]/NiO multilayers. This is attributed to disordered CoPt phases that formed due to intermixing between Co and Pt during deposition. (copyright 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

  19. Colloid stable sorbents for cesium removal: Preparation and application of latex particles functionalized with transition metals ferrocyanides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Avramenko, Valentin [Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 ave 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation); Bratskaya, Svetlana, E-mail: sbratska@ich.dvo.ru [Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 ave 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation); Zheleznov, Veniamin; Sheveleva, Irina [Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 ave 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation); Voitenko, Oleg [Far Eastern Federal University, Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Image Processing, 27, Oktyabr' skaya Street, Vladivostok 690950 (Russian Federation); Sergienko, Valentin [Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 ave 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022 (Russian Federation)

    2011-02-28

    In this paper we suggest a principally new approach to preparation of colloid stable selective sorbents for cesium uptake using immobilization of transition metals (cobalt, nickel, and copper) ferrocyanides in nanosized carboxylic latex emulsions. The effects of ferrocyanide composition, pH, and media salinity on the sorption properties of the colloid stable sorbents toward cesium ions were studied in solutions containing up to 200 g/L of sodium nitrate or potassium chloride. The sorption capacities of the colloid sorbents based on mixed potassium/transition metals ferrocyanides were in the range 1.3-1.5 mol Cs/mol ferrocyanide with the highest value found for the copper ferrocyanide. It was shown that the obtained colloid-stable sorbents were capable to penetrate through bulk materials without filtration that made them applicable for decontamination of solids, e.g. soils, zeolites, spent ion-exchange resins contaminated with cesium radionuclides. After decontamination of liquid or solid radioactive wastes the colloid-stable sorbents can be easily separated from solutions by precipitation with cationic flocculants providing localization of radionuclides in a small volume of the precipitates formed.

  20. Coating effect of LiFePO4 and Al2O3 on Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode surface for lithium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seteni, Bonani; Rapulenyane, Nomasonto; Ngila, Jane Catherine; Mpelane, Siyasanga; Luo, Hongze

    2017-06-01

    Lithium-manganese-rich cathode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 is prepared by combustion method, and then coated with nano-sized LiFePO4 and nano-sized Al2O3 particles via a wet chemical process. The as-prepared Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, LiFePO4-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 and Al2O3-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy shows the agglomeration of the materials and their nanoparticle size ∼100 nm. The transmission electron microscopy confirms that LiFePO4 forms a rough mat-like surface and Al2O3 remain as islandic particles on the surface of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material. The Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 coated with LiFePO4 and Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 coated with Al2O3 exhibits improved electrochemical performance. The initial discharge capacity is enhanced to 267 mAhg-1 after the LiFePO4 coating and 285 mAhg-1 after the Al2O3 coating compared to the as-prepared Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material that has an initial discharge capacity of 243 mAhg-1. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests at C/10 display longer activation of Li2MnO3 phase and higher capacity retention of 88% after 20 cycles for Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-LiFePO4 compared to Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-Al2O3 of 80% after 20 cycles and LMNC of 80% after 20 cycles. Meanwhile Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-LiFePO4 also shows higher rate capability compared to Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-Al2O3.

  1. A general approach for MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Co, Ni) nanorods and their high performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Nana; Xu, Huayun; Chen, Liang; Gu, Xin; Yang, Jian; Qian, Yitai

    2014-02-01

    MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Co, Ni) nanorods are synthesized by a template-engaged reaction, with β-FeOOH nanorods as precursors which are prepared by a hydrothermal method. The final products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The electrochemical properties of the MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Co, Ni) nanorods are tested as the anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The reversible capacities of 800, 625 and 520 mAh g-1 are obtained for CoFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 and NiFe2O4, respectively, at the high current density of 1000 mA g-1 even after 300 cycles. The superior lithium-storage performances of MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Co, Ni) nanorods can be attributed to the one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure, which can shorten the diffusion paths of lithium ions and relax the strain generated during electrochemical cycling. These results indicate that this method is an effective, simple and general way to prepare good electrochemical properties of 1D spinel Fe-based binary transition metal oxides. In addition, the impact of different reaction temperatures on the electrochemical properties of MFe2O4 nanorods is also investigated.

  2. Syngas Production from CO2 Reforming and CO2-steam Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce-SBA-15 Catalyst

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, J. S.; Danh, H. T.; Singh, S.; Truong, Q. D.; Setiabudi, H. D.; Vo, D.-V. N.

    2017-06-01

    This study compares the catalytic performance of mesoporous 10 Ni/Ce-SBA-15 catalyst for CO2 reforming and CO2-steam reforming of methane reactions in syngas production. The catalytic performance of 10 Ni/Ce-SBA-15 catalyst for CO2 reforming and CO2-steam reforming of methane was evaluated in a temperature-controlled tubular fixed-bed reactor at stoichiometric feed composition, 1023 K and atmospheric pressure for 12 h on-stream with gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 36 L gcat -1 h-1. The 10 Ni/Ce-SBA-15 catalyst possessed a high specific BET surface area and average pore volume of 595.04 m2 g-1. The XRD measurement revealed the presence of NiO phase with crystallite dimension of about 13.60 nm whilst H2-TPR result indicates that NiO phase was completely reduced to metallic Ni0 phase at temperature beyond 800 K and the reduction temperature relied on different degrees of metal-support interaction associated with the location and size of NiO particles. The catalytic reactivity was significantly enhanced with increasing H2O/CO2 feed ratio. Interestingly, the H2/CO ratio for CO2-steam reforming of methane varied between 1 and 3 indicated the occurrence of parallel reactions, i.e., CH4 steam reforming giving a H2/CO of 3 whilst reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction consuming H2 to produce CO gaseous product.

  3. Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of NiCoP for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

    KAUST Repository

    Liang, Hanfeng; Gandi, Appala; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Wang, Xianbin; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Alshareef, Husam N.

    2016-01-01

    be further enhanced by substitution with extrinsic metals, though very little work has been conducted in this area. Here we present for the first time a novel PH plasma-assisted approach to convert NiCo hydroxides into ternary NiCoP. The obtained Ni

  4. CoCr/NiFe double layers studied by FMR and VSM

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Stam, M.T.H.C.W.; Gerritsma, G.J.; Lodder, J.C.; Popma, T.J.A.

    1987-01-01

    CoCr/NiFe double layers were investigated by FMR and VSM. The FMR linewidth of NiFe of the double layer is about twice that of a single NiFe layer. The resonance field is the same in both cases. Using the VSM the coercive field of the CoCr layer of the double layer was obtained. It is approximately

  5. Co-reduction of Copper Smelting Slag and Nickel Laterite to Prepare Fe-Ni-Cu Alloy for Weathering Steel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Zhengqi; Pan, Jian; Zhu, Deqing; Zhang, Feng

    2018-02-01

    In this study, a new technique was proposed for the economical and environmentally friendly recovery of valuable metals from copper smelting slag while simultaneously upgrading nickel laterite through a co-reduction followed by wet magnetic separation process. Copper slag with a high FeO content can decrease the liquidus temperature of the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO system and facilitate formation of liquid phase in a co-reduction process with nickel laterite, which is beneficial for metallic particle growth. As a result, the recovery of Ni, Cu, and Fe was notably increased. A crude Fe-Ni-Cu alloy with 2.5% Ni, 1.1% Cu, and 87.9% Fe was produced, which can replace part of scrap steel, electrolytic copper, and nickel as the burden in the production of weathering steel by an electric arc furnace. The study further found that an appropriate proportion of copper slag and nickel laterite in the mixture is essential to enhance the reduction, acquire appropriate amounts of the liquid phase, and improve the growth of the metallic alloy grains. As a result, the liberation of alloy particles in the grinding process was effectively promoted and the metal recovery was increased significantly in the subsequent magnetic separation process.

  6. Interfacial exchange coupling and magnetization reversal in perpendicular [Co/Ni]N/TbCo composite structures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, M H; Zhang, Zongzhi; Tian, S Y; Wang, J; Ma, B; Jin, Q Y

    2015-06-15

    Interfacial exchange coupling and magnetization reversal characteristics in the perpendicular heterostructures consisting of an amorphous ferrimagnetic (FI) TbxCo(100-x) alloy layer exchange-coupled with a ferromagnetic (FM) [Co/Ni]N multilayer have been investigated. As compared with pure TbxCo(100-x) alloy, the magnetization compensation composition of the heterostructures shift to a higher Tb content, implying Co/Ni also serves to compensate the Tb moment in TbCo layer. The net magnetization switching field Hc⊥ and interlayer interfacial coupling field Hex, are not only sensitive to the magnetization and thickness of the switched TbxCo(100-x) or [Co/Ni]N layer, but also to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy strength of the pinning layer. By tuning the layer structure we achieve simultaneously both large Hc⊥ = 1.31 T and Hex = 2.19 T. These results, in addition to the fundamental interest, are important to understanding of the interfacial coupling interaction in the FM/FI heterostructures, which could offer the guiding of potential applications in heat-assisted magnetic recording or all-optical switching recording technique.

  7. Infrared-emission spectroscopy of CO on Ni

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chiang, S.; Tobin, R.G.; Richards, P.L.

    1982-09-01

    We report the first observation of thermally emitted infrared radiation from vibrational modes of molecules adsorbed on clean, single-crystal metal surfaces. The observation of emission from CO adsorbed on Ni demonstrates the surface sensitivity of a novel apparatus for infrared vibrational spectroscopy, with a resolution of 1 to 15 cm -1 over the frequency range from 330 to 3000 cm -1 . A liquid-helium-cooled grating spectrometer measures the thermal radiation from a room-temperature, single-crystal sample, which is mounted in an ultrahigh-vacuum system. Measurements of frequencies and linewidths of CO on a single-crystal Ni sample, as a function of coverage, are discussed

  8. Synthesis of LiNi0.65Co0.25Mn0.1O2 as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries by rheological phase method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cheng Cuixia; Tan Long; Hu Anzheng; Liu Haowen; Huang Xintang

    2010-01-01

    Research highlights: → In this paper, for the first time, rheological phase method, a simple and effective route, was applied to synthesis high capacity cathode material LiNi 0.65 Co 0.25 Mn 0.1 O 2 . → All of the results obtained by X-ray diffraction spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, charge-discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that the rheological phase production have better properties than that of the report. - Abstract: Rheological phase (RP) method has been successfully applied to synthesize a promising cathode material LiNi 0.65 Co 0.25 Mn 0.1 O 2 . X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma and transmission electron microscope are used to investigate the structure, composition and morphology, respectively. XRD result shows that the as-prepared powder has a layered α-NaFeO 2 structure. XPS pattern reveals that the Ni ions have valences of 2+ and 3+, and the Co and Mn are 3+, 4+, respectively. The electrode consisting of the obtained powder presents the better electrochemical properties, which is attributed to the fewer amounts of Ni 2+ ions and the smaller particles. All the results suggest that the rheological phase method is a promising technique for the preparation of LiNi 0.65 Co 0.25 Mn 0.1 O 2 cathode material of lithium-ion batteries.

  9. Enhanced Microwave Absorption and Surface Wave Attenuation Properties of Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 Fibers/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yinrui Li

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 fibers with a diameter of about 270 nm and a length of about 10 μm were synthesized by a microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method with subsequent heat treatment. The Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 fibers/reduced graphene oxide (RGO composite was prepared by a facile in-situ chemical reduction method. The crystalline structures and morphologies were investigated based on X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy. Magnetization measurements were carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 fibers/RGO composites achieve both a wider and stronger absorption and an adjustable surface wave attenuation compared with Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 fibers, indicating the potential for application as advanced microwave absorbers.

  10. Zn-Doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Composite as Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery: Preparation, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Han Du

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Zn-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 composite, Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/31–xZnxO2 (x = 0.02; 0.05; 0.08, is synthesized by the sol-gel method. The crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance are investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscope (SEM, cyclic voltammetry (CV, and constant current charge/discharge experiment. The result reveals that Zn-doping cathode material can reach the initial charge/discharge capacity of 188.8/162.9 mAh·g−1 for Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/30.98Zn0.02O2 and 179.0/154.1 mAh·g−1 for Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/30.95Zn0.05O2 with the high voltage of 4.4 V at 0.1 C. Furthermore, the capacity retention of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/30.98Zn0.02O2 is 95.1% at 0.5 C after 50 cycles at room temperature. The improved electrochemical properties of Zn-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are attributed to reduced electrode polarization, enhanced capacity reversibility, and excellent cyclic performance.

  11. Structure, morphology and thermal stability of electrochemically obtained Ni-Co deposits

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rafailovic, L.D. [Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Artner, W. [Centre of Electrochemical Surface Technology (CEST), Viktor-Kaplan-Strasse 2, A-2700 Wr. Neustadt (Austria); Nauer, G.E. [Centre of Electrochemical Surface Technology (CEST), Viktor-Kaplan-Strasse 2, A-2700 Wr. Neustadt (Austria); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna (Austria); Minic, D.M., E-mail: dminic@ffh.bg.ac.rs [Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia)

    2009-12-10

    Nanostructured nickel-cobalt alloy powder deposits were obtained electrochemically on Cu substrates in the current density range 40-400 mA cm{sup -2}. The influence of the current density and of the Ni{sup 2+}/Co{sup 2+} ratio in the bath on the microstructure and phase composition of the Ni-Co deposits was studied by SEM and X-ray diffraction methods. Both the bath composition and the current density strongly influence the deposit growth mechanism as well as the deposit composition, microstructure, grain size and surface morphology. If the concentration ratio in the electrolyte is Ni{sup 2+}/Co{sup 2+} = 4, the deposit has a cauliflower structure with mean grain size of 13 nm. In contrast, the particles deposited from the electrolyte with Ni{sup 2+}/Co{sup 2+} = 0.25 show platelet structure with preferred orientations and mean grain size of 20 nm. When electrodeposition was performed at high overpotentials, far from equilibrium conditions, face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solutions of Ni and Co were generated while at low overpotentials, as well as at higher content of cobalt in the electrolyte, hexagonal-close packed (HCP) Co was formed. The structure of nanocrystalline deposits exhibits a strong tendency to structural changes under annealing. DSC of the alloy deposits shows a stepwise process of structural changes in the temperature range from 393 to 823 K. It was found that under annealing, HCP {yields} FCC phase transformation occurs in nanocrystalline deposit obtained from electrolyte with a concentration ratio Ni{sup 2+}/Co{sup 2+} = 0.25.

  12. General access to metal oxide (Metal = Mn, Co, Ni) double-layer nanospheres for application in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xia, Yuan; Wang, Gang; Zhang, Xing; Wang, Beibei; Wang, Hui

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A series of metal oxide double layer nanospheres were prepared. • The obtained materials show excellent performances in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. • The unique structure of double layers is beneficial for superior electrochemical performances. - Abstract: In this work, a series of metal oxide double-layer nanospheres (DLNs), such as Mn 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , NiO, NiCo 2 O 4 , and MnCo 2 O 4 have been successfully synthesized through a general template method. The layers of nanospheres were assembled by different nanostructure units and the removing of the SiO 2 template formed a void of several ten nanometers between the double layers, resulting large specific surface areas for them. The energy storage performances of the as-prepared double-layer nanospheres were further investigated in lithium ion battery and supercapacitor systems. Based on their unique nanostructures, the double-layer nanospheres exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with long cycle stability and high specific capacities or capacitances. The best of these, DLNs-NiCo 2 O 4 can deliver a reversible capacity of 1107 mAh g −1 at 0.25C after 200 cycles in lithium ion battery system, and shows a capacitance of 1088 F g −1 with capacitance loss of less than 3% at 5 A g −1 after 5000 cycles in supercapacitors.

  13. Soft-chemical synthesis and catalytic activity of Ni-Al and Co-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs intercalated with anions with different charge density

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Takahiro Takei

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Co-Al and Ni-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs intercalated with three types of anionic molecules, dodecylsulfate (C12H25SO4−, DS, di-2-ethylsulfosuccinate ([COOC2H3EtBu]2C2H3SO3−, D2ES, and polytungstate (H2W12O4210−, HWO were prepared by means of ion-exchange and co-precipitation processes. With the use of DS and D2ES as intercalation agents, high crystallinity was maintained after intercalation into the LDHs. In the case of HWO, the intercalated LDHs could be obtained by ion-exchange as well as co-precipitation with a decline in the crystallinity; however, unreacted LDH was detected in the ion-exchange samples, and some unwanted phases such as hydroxide and pyrochlore were generated by the co-precipitation process. The maximum specific surface area and pore volume of the Ni-Al sample with intercalated HWO, prepared by the ion-exchange process were 74 m2/g and 0.174 mL/g, respectively. The occupancies of DS, D2ES, and HWO within the interlayer space were approximately 0.3–0.4, 0.5–0.6, and 0.1–0.2, respectively, in the Co-Al and Ni-Al LDHs. Analysis of the catalytic activity demonstrated that the DS-intercalated Ni-Al LDH sample exhibited relatively good catalytic activity for conversion of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone.

  14. Fabrication and Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Coated with Nano FePO4 as Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DONG Peng

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Layered LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 coated with homogeneous nano FePO4 suspension was prepared by using co-precipitation method. XRD, TG-DTA and TEM were adopted to characterize the structure, morphology and liquid state of FePO4 prepared. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the coated materials prepared were characterized by the means such as XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, ICP, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry (CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS tests. The effect of heat treatment temperature and coating quantity on the structure and electrochemical performance of coated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 by co-precipitation method was explored. The results show that 400℃ and 2%(mass fraction,the same below FePO4 coating can significantly improve cycle performance and rate capability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, CV and EIS testing results reveal that FePO4 coating can improve the reversibility and dynamic performance for LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2. ICP results show that FePO4 coating layer can effectively reduce the electrolyte to dissolute and erode cathode materials, stabilize its layered structure, then improve the electrochemical performance of cathode materials.

  15. Heterogeneous NiCo2O4@polypyrrole core/sheath nanowire arrays on Ni foam for high performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Jing; Li, Minchan; Lv, Fucong; Yang, Mingyang; Tao, Pengpeng; Tang, Yougen; Liu, Hongtao; Lu, Zhouguang

    2015-10-01

    A novel heterogeneous NiCo2O4@PPy core/sheath nanowire arrays are directly grown on Ni foam involving three facile steps, hydrothermal synthesis and calcination of NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays and subsequent in-situ oxidative polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy). When investigated as binder- and conductive additive-free electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) in 6 M KOH, the NiCo2O4@PPy core/sheath nanowire arrays exhibit high areal capacitance of 3.49 F cm-2 at a discharge current density of 5 mA cm-2, which is almost 1.5 times as much as the pristine NiCo2O4 (2.30 F cm-2). More importantly, it can remain 3.31 F cm-2 (94.8% retention) after 5000 cycles. The as-obtained electrode also displays excellent rate capability, whose areal capacitance can still remain 2.79 F cm-2 while the discharge current density is increased to 50 mA cm-2. The remarkable electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the unique heterogeneous core/sheath nanowire-array architectures.

  16. Lanthanum and cerium co-modified Ni/SiO2 catalyst for CO methanation from syngas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gong, Dandan; Li, Shuangshuang; Guo, Shaoxia; Tang, Honggui; Wang, Hong; Liu, Yuan

    2018-03-01

    Sintering of active metal nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon deposition is critical problems for many metal catalysts, such as nickel based catalysts for generating methane from syngas. To improve the resistance to the sintering and carbon deposition, a new scheme was proposed in this work. Lanthanum and cerium co-modified Ni/SiO2 catalysts were synthesized by using perovskite type oxide of La1-xCexNiO3 loaded on SiO2 as the precursor. In a nanocrystallite of La1-xCexNiO3, ions of nickel, lanthanum and cerium are evenly mixed at atomic level and confined in the nanocrystallite, therefore, Ni NPs and the two promoters of La2O3 and CeO2 should be in close contact and highly dispersed on SiO2 after reduction. The catalysts were characterized by using XRD, TEM, BET, H2-TPD, XPS, TG and Raman techniques. Compared with the mono-promoted catalysts, the bi-promoted La0.75Ce0.25NiO3/SiO2 showed much better resistance to carbon deposition, higher resistance to sintering and higher activity for CO methanation, which are attributed to co-eliminating effect of the two promoters for the deposited carbon, confinement of the interacted two promoters for Ni NPs and the higher dispersion of Ni NPs derived from the smaller size of La0.75Ce0.25NiO3.

  17. Preparation and pattern recognition of metallic Ni ultrafine powders by electroless plating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, H.J.; Zhang, H.T.; Wu, X.W.; Wang, Z.L.; Jia, Q.L.; Jia, X.L.

    2006-01-01

    Using hydrazine hydrate as reductant, metallic Ni ultrafine powders were prepared from NiSO 4 aqueous solution by electroless plating method. The factors including concentration of NiSO 4 , bathing temperature, ratio of hydrazine hydrate to NiSO 4 , the pH of the solution, etc., on influence of the yield and average particle size of metallic Ni ultrafine powders were studied in detail. X-ray powders diffraction patterns show that the nickel powders are cubic crystallite. The average crystalline size of the ultrafine nickel powders is about 30 nm. The dielectric and magnetic loss of ultrafine Ni powders-paraffin wax composites were measured by the rectangle waveguide method in the range 8.2-12.4 GHz. The factors for Ni ultrafine powders preparation are optimized by computer pattern recognition program based on principal component analysis, the optimum factors regions with higher yield of metallic Ni ultrafine powders are indicated by this way

  18. Intermediate Co/Ni-base model superalloys — Thermophysical properties, creep and oxidation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zenk, Christopher H.; Neumeier, Steffen; Engl, Nicole M.; Fries, Suzana G.; Dolotko, Oleksandr; Weiser, Martin; Virtanen, Sannakaisa; Göken, Mathias

    2016-01-01

    The mechanical properties of γ′-strengthened Co–Ni–Al–W–Cr model superalloys extending from pure Ni-base to pure Co-base superalloys have been assessed. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements and thermodynamic calculations match well and show that the γ′ solvus temperature decreases with increasing Co-content. The γ/γ′ lattice misfit is negative on the Ni- and positive on the Co-rich side. High Ni-contents decelerate the oxidation kinetics up to a factor of 15. The creep strength of the Ni-base alloy increases by an order of magnitude with additions of Co before it deteriorates strongly upon higher additions despite an increasing γ′ volume fraction.

  19. Studies on Me/Al-layered double hydroxides (Me = Ni and Co) as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Xianming; Zhang Yihe; Zhang Xiaogang; Fu Shaoyun

    2004-01-01

    Me/Al-layered double hydroxides (Me=Ni and Co) prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method have been shown to be outstanding novel materials for electrochemical capacitors. The crystalline structure and the electrochemical properties of the electrodes have been studied by considering the effect of the mole ratio of nickel/cobalt. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the materials belong to hexagonal system with layered structure. Cyclic voltammetric measurements indicate that Me/Al-layered double hydroxides with the Ni/Co mole ratio of 4:6 exhibit excellent capacitive properties within the potential range of 0.0-0.6 V versus Hg/HgO in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. Charge/discharge behaviors have been observed with the highest specific capacitance values of 960 F/g at the current density of 400 mA/g. Impedance studies show that the enhanced electrical properties and high frequency response are attributed to the presence of Co oxides

  20. On preparation of nanocrystalline chromites by co-precipitation and autocombustion methods

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matulkova, Irena [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8 (Czech Republic); Holec, Petr [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Department of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v i., Husinec-Rez 1001, 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Pacakova, Barbara; Kubickova, Simona; Mantlikova, Alice [Department of Magnetic Nanosystems, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8 (Czech Republic); Plocek, Jiri [Department of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v i., Husinec-Rez 1001, 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Nemec, Ivan; Niznansky, Daniel [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Vejpravova, Jana, E-mail: vejpravo@fzu.cz [Department of Magnetic Nanosystems, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8 (Czech Republic)

    2015-05-15

    Highlights: • ACr{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanopowders, A = Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn and Mg were obtained in high yield. • Co-precipitation and autocombustion routes were optimized for single-phase product. • The nanopowders were examined by X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. • Formation of cubic or tetragonal phase in Jahn–Teller NiCr{sub 2}O{sub 4} can be controlled. - Abstract: We present a comprehensive study on optimization of wet preparation routes yielding well-crystalline spinel chromite, ACr{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles (A = Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn and Mg). The auto-combustion and co-precipitation methods in the presence of nitrate or chloride ions and under different atmospheres, followed by annealing of final products at different temperatures were tested. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and vibrational spectroscopy in order to evaluate their phase composition, particle size and micro-strain. Selected samples were subjected to investigation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The degree of the particle crystallinity was estimated by relating the apparent crystallite size obtained from the PXRD analysis to the physical grain size observed by the TEM. Optimal conditions leading to single-phase and highly-crystalline chromite nanoparticles are proposed.

  1. Controllable Fabrication of Amorphous Co-Ni Pyrophosphates for Tuning Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Chen; Zhang, Ning; He, Yulu; Liang, Bo; Ma, Renzhi; Liu, Xiaohe

    2016-09-07

    Incorporation of two transition metals offers an effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance in supercapacitors for transition metal compound based electrodes. However, such a configuration is seldom concerned in pyrophosphates. Here, amorphous phase Co-Ni pyrophosphates are fabricated as electrodes in supercapacitors. Through controllably adjusting the ratios of Co and Ni as well as the calcination temperature, the electrochemical performance can be tuned. An optimized amorphous Ni-Co pyrophosphate exhibits much higher specific capacitance than monometallic Ni and Co pyrophosphates and shows excellent cycling ability. When employing Ni-Co pyrophosphates as positive electrode and activated carbon as a negative electrode, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor cell exhibits favorable capacitance and cycling ability. This study provides facile methods to improve the transition metal pyrophosphate electrodes for efficient electrodes in electrochemical energy storage devices.

  2. Towards conducting inks: Polypyrrole–silver colloids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Omastová, Mária; Bober, Patrycja; Morávková, Zuzana; Peřinka, Nikola; Kaplanová, Marie; Syrový, Tomáš; Hromádková, Jiřina; Trchová, Miroslava; Stejskal, Jaroslav

    2014-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Composite colloidal particles combining conducting polymer and metal have been prepared. • Conducting colloids are suitable for printing applications. • Polypyrrole/silver colloids are prepared in a single reaction step. • The conductivity control is discussed and still needs improvement. - Abstract: The oxidation of pyrrole with silver nitrate in the presence of suitable water-soluble polymers yields composite polypyrrole–silver colloids. The polypyrrole–silver nanoparticles stabilized with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) have a typical size around 350 nm and polydispersity index 0.20, i.e. a moderate polydispersity in size. Similar results have been obtained with poly(vinyl alcohol) as stabilizer. The effect of stabilizer concentration on the particle size is marginal. In the present study, several types of stabilizers have been tested in addition to currently used poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy revealed the gemini morphology of polypyrrole and silver colloidal nanoparticles and confirmed their size and size-distribution determined by dynamic light scattering. The use of colloidal dispersions provides an efficient tool for the UV–vis and FT Raman spectroscopic characterization of polypyrrole, including the transition between polypyrrole salt and corresponding polypyrrole base. The dispersions were used for the preparation of coatings on polyethylene terephthalate foils, and the properties for polypyrrole–silver composites have been compared with those produced from polypyrrole colloids alone

  3. Production of Renewable Hydrogen from Glycerol Steam Reforming over Bimetallic Ni-(Cu,Co,Cr Catalysts Supported on SBA-15 Silica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Carrero

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Glycerol steam reforming (GSR is a promising alternative to obtain renewable hydrogen and help the economics of the biodiesel industry. Nickel-based catalysts are typically used in reforming reactions. However, the choice of the catalyst greatly influences the process, so the development of bimetallic catalysts is a research topic of relevant interest. In this work, the effect of adding Cu, Co, and Cr to the formulation of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts for hydrogen production by GSR has been studied, looking for an enhancement of its catalytic performance. Bimetallic Ni-M/SBA-15 (M: Co, Cu, Cr samples were prepared by incipient wetness co-impregnation to reach 15 wt % of Ni and 4 wt % of the second metal. Catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES, N2-physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA, and tested in GSR at 600 °C and atmospheric pressure. The addition of Cu, Co, and Cr to the Ni/SBA-15 catalyst helped to form smaller crystallites of the Ni phase, this effect being more pronounced in the case of the Ni-Cr/SBA-15 sample. This catalyst also showed a reduction profile shifted towards higher temperatures, indicating stronger metal-support interaction. As a consequence, the Ni-Cr/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited the best performance in GSR in terms of glycerol conversion and hydrogen production. Additionally, Ni-Cr/SBA-15 achieved a drastic reduction in coke formation compared to the Ni/SBA-15 material.

  4. CO{sub 2} capture in Mg oxides doped with Fe and Ni; Captura de CO{sub 2} en oxidos de Mg dopados con Fe y Ni

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanchez S, I. F.

    2016-07-01

    In this work the CO{sub 2} capture-desorption characteristics in Mg oxides doped with Fe and Ni obtained by the direct oxidation of Mg-Ni and Mg-Fe mixtures are presented. Mixtures of Mg-Ni and Mg-Fe in a different composition were obtained by mechanical milling in a Spex-type mill in a controlled atmosphere of ultra high purity argon at a weight / weight ratio of 4:1 powder using methanol as a lubricating agent, for 20 h. The powders obtained by mechanical milling showed as main phase, the Mg with nanocrystalline structure. Subsequently, the mixtures of Mg-Ni and Mg-Fe were oxidized within a muffle for 10 min at 600 degrees Celsius. By means of X-ray diffraction analysis, the Mg O with nano metric grain size was identified as the main phase, which was determined by the Scherrer equation. In the Mg O doped with Ni, was identified that as the Ni amount 1 to 5% by weight dispersed in the Mg O matrix was increased, the main peak intensity of the Ni phase increased, whereas in the Mg O doped with Fe was observed by XRD, that the Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase was present and by increasing the amount of Fe (1 to 5% by weight) dispersed in the crystalline phase of Mg O, the intensity of this impurity also increased. Sem-EDS analysis showed that the Ni and Fe particles are dispersed homogeneously in the Mg O matrix, and the particles are porous, forming agglomerates. Through energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, the elemental chemical composition obtained is very close to the theoretical composition. The capture of CO{sub 2} in the Mg O-1% Ni was carried out in a Parr reactor at different conditions of pressure, temperature and reaction time. Was determined that under the pressure of 0.2 MPa at 26 degrees Celsius for 1 h of reaction, the highest CO{sub 2} capture of 7.04% by weight was obtained, while in Mg O-1% Fe the CO{sub 2} capture was 6.32% by weight. The other magnesium oxides doped in 2.5 and 5% by weight Ni and Fe showed lower CO{sub 2} capture. The different stages

  5. Annealing Effects on the Magnetization of Co-Ni-B Amorphous Nanoparticles; Propiedades Magneticas de Nanoparticulas Monodominio de la Familia (Co{sub x}Ni {sub 1-x}){sub 70}B{sub 30}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vargas, J M [Instituto Balseiro, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Atomico Bariloche (Argentina)

    2001-07-01

    Chemically prepared (Co{sub x}Ni {sub 1-x}){sub 1}00{sub -y}B{sub y} (x=0.5, 0.75, 1; y{approx}30) amorphous fine particles were characterized by x-ray diffraction, DTA and TGA, and in-situ magnetic measurement as a function of annealing temperature in an inert atmosphere.Magnetic measurement performed in as prepared and {approx}150C degree annealed samples show an increase of the saturation magnetization and magnetic moment after thermal tretment.Room temperature magnetization increases by factors of {approx}3 in average.These measurements may indicate a local re-ordering of the amorphous phase at temperatures much lower than the full crystallization temperature.

  6. Colloidal stability of Ni(OH){sub 2} in water and its dispersion into a ceramic matrix from the reaction media to obtain Ni/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} materials

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cabanas-Polo, S.; Ferrari, B.; Sanchez-Herencia, A. J.

    2014-07-01

    Ni/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites have been fabricated by slip casting of concentrated Ni(OH){sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} suspensions and subsequent in situ reduction to metallic nickel during sintering. For that, the synthesis assisted by ultrasound of both α- and β-Ni(OH){sub 2} polymorphs, as well as their colloidal stability, have been studied. The structural differences between both polymorphs have been thoroughly studied by means of XRD, FTIR, DTA-TG, SSA, SEM and TEM, in order to optimize the starting suspensions. This way, the IEP of both polymorphs have been established (9.7 y 12 for β- and α-Ni(OH){sub 2}, respectively), as well as the optimal content of an anionic dispersant (PAA) to stabilize the particles (0.8 wt. % for beta phase and 3.0 wt. % for alpha phase). Three different Ni/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites, with a high dispersion degree of the metallic phase, have been obtained considering the potential vs. particles distance curve of the Ni(OH){sub 2}, and their structure has been discussed in terms of the strength of the agglomerates and/or aggregates of the Ni(OH){sub 2}. (Author)

  7. Mechanistic Study of Ni/CeO{sub 2}-catalyzed CO{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} Reaction Using Flow and Static Methods

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kang, Jin-Gyu; Roh, Joong-Seok; Kim, Ji-Yeong; Lee, Sung-Han; Choi, Jonng-Gill [Yonsei University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-08-15

    Ni/CeO{sub 2} catalysts with different Ni loadings (5, 7, 10, 12, and 14 wt% Ni) were prepared by an impregnation method and examined for the CO{sub 2} reforming of methane using flow and static reactors. Their catalytic activities and selectivities were measured under CO{sub 2}/CH{sub 4}/Ar (=5/5/40 cm{sup 3}/min) flow at 450-800 .deg. C using a flow reactor system with an on-line gas chromatography. At flexed temperature, the CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} conversions varied only slightly with the Ni wt%, whereas the H{sub 2}/CO ratio increased with increasing Ni wt%. The conversions increased with temperature, reaching 98% at 800 .deg. C. The H{sub 2}/CO ratio varied with temperature in the range of 450-800 .deg. C, from less than 1 below 550 .deg. C to close to 1 at 550-600 .deg. C and then back to less than 1 above 600 .deg. C. The apparent activation energies were determined to be 43.1 kJ/mol for the CO{sub 2} consumption and 50.2 kJ/mol for the CH{sub 4} consumption based on the rates measured for the reforming reaction over 5 wt% Ni/CeO{sub 2} catalyst at 550-750 .deg. C. Additionally, the catalytic reforming reaction at low pressure (40 Torr) was investigated by a static reactor system by using a differential photoacoustic cell, in which the rates were measured from the CO{sub 2} photoacoustic signal data at early reaction times over the temperature range of 460-610 .deg. C. Apparent activation energies of 25.5-30.1 kJ/mol were calculated from the CO{sub 2} disappearance rates. The CO{sub 2} adsorption on the Ni/CeO{sub 2} catalyst was investigated by the CO{sub 2} photoacoustic spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Feasible side reactions during the catalytic CO{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} reaction were suggested on the basis of the kinetic and spectroscopic results.

  8. Evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid on liver scintigram

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matsuyuki, Y; Kanao, K; Honda, M; Ishihara, S [Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka (Japan)

    1975-04-01

    sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set were used for nuclear medical examination of the liver and their efficiency was discussed. Both sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set showed the same kinetics in vivo, and the sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid rapidly disappeared from the serum and concentrated to the liver and spleen. Comparing /sup 198/Au-colloid, sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid could be increased the administration dose, and provided easy examination within short time period, easy observation from multiple directions, and improvement of resolution by scinticamera. Imaging of the spleen with sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid was slightly superior to that with sup(99m)Tc-sulfur-colloid. sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution which required no procedure of labeling was evaluated as the most safe and easy technique. Side effects were not recognized. As the results, already made preparation, such as sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution, which provided easy preparation with less absorbed dose of the tissue and high resolution would be frequently required.

  9. Evaluation of sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid on liver scintigram

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsuyuki, Yoshihiko; Kanao, Keisuke; Honda, Minoru; Ishihara, Shizumori

    1975-01-01

    sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set were used for nuclear medical examination of the liver and their efficiency was discussed. Both sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution and Sn-colloid preparation set showed the same kinetics in vivo, and the sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid rapidly disappeared from the serum and concentrated to the liver and spleen. Comparing 198 Au-colloid, sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid could be increased the administration dose, and provided easy examination within short time period, easy observation from multiple directions, and improvement of resolution by scinticamera. Imaging of the spleen with sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid was slightly superior to that with sup(99m)Tc-sulfur-colloid. sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution which required no procedure of labeling was evaluated as the most safe and easy technique. Side effects were not recognized. As the results, already made preparation, such as sup(99m)Tc-Sn-colloid injectable solution, which provided easy preparation with less absorbed dose of the tissue and high resolution would be frequently required. (Mukohata, S.)

  10. Preparation and estimation of thermodynamic properties of Fe(II)-, Co(II)-, Ni(II)- and Zr(IV)-containing layered double hydroxides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rozov, Konstantin; Curtius, Hilde; Bosbach, Dirk [Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany). Inst. for Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6)

    2015-07-01

    The investigation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was performed because they and similar 'green rust' phases were identified as specific secondary phases forming during the evolution of the disposed research reactor fuel elements under nuclear repository relevant conditions. LDHs or 'hydrotalcite-like' solids are of interest in environmental geochemistry because they can substitute various cations and especially due to the anion-exchange properties and, therefore, can be considered as buffer materials for retention of mobile and hazardous radionuclides (like, {sup 14}C, {sup 129}I, {sup 36}Cl, {sup 79}Se etc.). In our study Fe{sup 2+}-, Co{sup 2+}-, Ni{sup 2+}- and Zr{sup 4+}-containing LDHs have been synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized (PXRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, TGA-DSC) in order to investigate the effect of substitution of 2- and 4-valent cations on the stability of LDHs. PXRD measurements demonstrated that: (1) pure Mg-Al-Fe(II) LDHs are existing in the range of the mole fraction of iron x{sub Fe} = Fe/(Mg+Fe) between 0 and 0.13. Unit-cell parameters (a{sub o}=b{sub o}) as a function of x{sub Fe} follow Vegard's law corroborating the existence of a solid solution when x{sub Fe} = 0 - 0.13. Products of syntheses with x{sub Fe} ≥ 0.13 contain detectable amounts (≥1-2 wt%) of additional phases (like, magnetite, maghemite, lepidocrocite); (2) pure Ni{sup 2+}- and Co{sup 2+}-containing LDHs (mole fractions of Ni and Co were equal to 0.1) have been synthesized successfully; (3) Mg-Al-Zr(IV) precipitates with mole fraction of zirconium x{sub Zr} = Zr/(Zr+Al) = 0.0 - 0.5 show PXRD patterns attributed to pure LDHs and the variation of lattice parameters a{sub o}=b{sub o} as a function of x{sub Zr} is in agreement with Vegard's law demonstrating the presence of solid solution. In contrast, PXRD analyses of precipitates with x{sub Zr} ≥ 0.5 have shown the presence of additional X-ray reflexes typical for brucite. The

  11. A chiral microwave absorbing absorbent of Fe–CoNiP coated on spirulina

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu, Yonggang, E-mail: xuyonggang221@163.com [Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Scattering Laboratory, Shanghai, 200438 (China); Yuan, Liming [Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Scattering Laboratory, Shanghai, 200438 (China); Zhang, Deyuan [School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 (China)

    2015-11-15

    A chiral bio-absorbent of Fe–CoNiP coated on the spirulina was fabricated by the electroless and chemical vapor decomposition. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the spirulina cells particle morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were done to analyze the particle crystal grain structure. The permittivity and permeability was measured by a vector network analyzer in frequency 8–18 GHz, and the reflection loss (RL) was calculated. The results showed the carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and CoNiP were bonded to the spirulina surface, the permittivity and permeability could be enlarged as Fe films coated on the particles compared with the CoNiP spirulina, it was attributed to the excellent electromagnetic property of CIPs. The chiral Fe–CoNiP composites had a better absorbing property at 8–18 GHz than the CoNiP spirulina composite, the RL was −16.26 dB at 10.48 GHz, the absorbing band was 9.5–11.5 GHz of RL less than −10 dB, which indicated the Fe–CoNiP spirulina could be an effective absorbent used in 8–18 GHz. - Highlights: • Absorbers filled with Fe–CoNiP coating on the spirulina were fabricated. • The permittivity and permeability increased as CIPs coated. • The Fe material enhanced the electromagnetic property. • The spirulina coated Fe–CoNiP was effective in 8–18 GHz.

  12. Comparative study of electroless Co-Ni-P plating on Tencel fabric by Co0-based and Ni0-based activation for electromagnetic interference shielding

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bi, Siyi; Zhao, Hang; Hou, Lei; Lu, Yinxiang

    2017-10-01

    The primary objective of this research work was to develop high-performance conductive fabrics with desired electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE), excellent durability and improved corrosion resistance. Such conductive fabrics were fabricated by combining an ultra-low-cost electroless plating method with an alkoxy silane self-assembly technology, which involved successive steps of modification, activation, Co-Ni-P coating deposition and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) thin coatings assembling. Malic acid (MA) was selected to modify the pristine Tencel (TS) substrates, and the probably interaction mechanism was investigated by FT-IR measurement. Co0 and Ni0 nanoparticles (NPs) were used as the activators to initiate electroless plating, respectively, and thereby two categories of Co-Ni-P coatings with different Co/Ni atomic ratio were obtained. Both of them presented compact morphologies and preferential (1 1 1) crystal orientation, which were validated by FE-SEM and XRD measurements. Owing to the lower square resistance and higher magnetic properties, the Co-Ni-P coated fabric activated by Co0 activator showed a higher EMI SE (18.2-40.1 dB) at frequency of 30-1000 MHz. APTMS thin coatings were then assembled on the top of alloy coated fabrics to act as anti-corrosion barriers. Electrochemical polarization measurement in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution showed that top-APTMS coated conductive fabric exhibited a higher corrosion resistance than the one in absence of APTMS assembly. Overall, the whole process of fabrication could be performed in several hours (or less) without any specialized equipment, which shows a great potential as EMI shielding fabrics in mass-production.

  13. Mössbauer emission study on 57Co doped carbon-supported Ni and Ni-Mo sulfide hydrotreating catalysts : the influence of phosphorus on the structure

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Crajé, M.W.J.; Beer, de V.H.J.; Kraan, van der A.M.

    1991-01-01

    In the present study it is demonstrated that Mössbauer emission spectroscopy (MES) can generate information on the various Ni phases present in sulfided Ni containing catalysts when a small amount of 57Co is used as a probe for Ni.Application of MES to 57Co:Ni(4.5)Mo(8.0)/C and 57Co:Ni(5.6)/C

  14. Investigation of oxidation resistance of Ni-Ti film used as oxygen diffusion barrier layer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, B.T.; Yan, X.B.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, Y.; Guo, Y.N.; Bian, F.; Zhang, X.Y.

    2009-01-01

    Ni-Ti films prepared at 10 W and 70 W by rf magnetron sputtering are investigated as the oxygen diffusion barrier layer, it is found that crystallinity of Ni-Ti film does not greatly depend on the deposition power. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that Ni is still in the form of metallic state from the binding energies of both Ni 2p 3/2 and Ni 2p 1/2 spectra for the sample with 10 W prepared Ni-Ti, however, Ni is oxidized for 70 W prepared Ni-Ti film. Moreover, the (La 0.5 Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 /Pb(Zr 0.40 Ti 0.60 )O 3 /(La 0.5 Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 capacitor grown on high power prepared Ni-Ti film is leaky, however, the capacitor on low power prepared Ni-Ti film possesses very promising physical properties (i.e. remnant polarization of ∼27 μC/cm 2 at 5 V and maximum dielectric constant of 940). Leakage current density of the capacitor grown on low power prepared Ni-Ti film is further investigated, it meets ohmic behavior ( 1.0 V).

  15. Ring head recording on perpendicular media: Output spectra for CoCr and CoCr/NiFe media

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stubbs, D. P.; Whisler, J. W.; Moe, C. D.; Skorjanec, J.

    1985-04-01

    The recording density response for sputtered CoCr (thickness=0.5 μm) and CoCr/NiFe (t=0.25 μm/0.5 μm) as well as evaporated CoNi (t=0.12 μm) and Co surface-doped iron oxide particulate media has been measured by reading and writing with Mn-Zn ferrite heads (gap length=0.375 μm, track width=37 μm) in contact with the media. Measurements to 200 kfc/i (thousand flux changes per inch) show a gap null around 115 kfc/i. The data have been normalized by dividing out the head sensitivity to obtain the value of spacing plus transition width (d+a) for the various media. For the CoCr media this value varied from 0.075-0.088 μm; for CoNi, 0.100 μm, and for the particulate medium, 0.163 μm. In addition, testing with a larger gapped Mn-Zn ferrite head (g=2.43 μm) shows that the head fields are distorted by the soft magnetic underlayer in dual layer CoCr/NiFe samples when the gap length is large compared to the distance to the underlayer.

  16. Coating effect of LiFePO4 and Al2O3 on Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode surface for lithium ion batteries

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Seteni, Bonani

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Lithium-manganese-rich cathode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 is prepared by combustion method, and then coated with nano-sized LiFePO4 and nano-sized Al2O3 particles via a wet chemical process. The as-prepared Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, LiFePO4...

  17. Influence of intermetallic Fe and Co on crystal structure disorder and magnetic property of Ni50Mn32Al18 Heusler alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Notonegoro, H. A.; Kurniawan, B.; Manaf, A.; Setiawan, J.; Nanto, D.

    2016-01-01

    This works reports a study on structure and magnetic properties influenced by both Fe and Co on Ni 50 Mn 32 Al 18 Heusler alloy as a candidate of magnetocaloric effect (MCE) materials. The Ni-Fe-Mn-Co-Al sample was prepared by arc melting furnace (AMF) in high purity argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction investigation and magnetic hysteresis were conducted to characterize the synthesized sample. X-ray diffraction using Cu-Kα pattern shows that both Fe and Co introduce a tungsten type disorder of Ni 50 Mn 32 Al 18 Heusler alloy which partially replace the site position of Ni and Mn respectively. However, in this tungsten type disorder, it is difficult to distinguish the exact position of each constituent atom. Therefore, we believe it may allow any exchange interaction of each electron possessed the atom. Interestingly, it produced a significant increase in the value of the hysteresis magnetic saturation. (paper)

  18. MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 hydrogen storage alloys for high-power nickel/metal hydride batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Hui; Huang, Yuexiang; Chen, Jianxia; Zhang, Hong

    Non-stoichiometric La-rich MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 hydrogen storage alloys using B-Ni or B-Fe alloy as additive and Ce-rich MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 one using pure B as additive have been prepared and their microstructure, thermodynamic, and electrochemical characteristics have been examined. It is found that all investigated alloys show good activation performance and high-rate dischargeability though there is a certain decrease in electrochemical capacities compared with the commercial MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3 alloy. MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 alloys using B-Ni alloy as additive or adopting Ce-rich mischmetal show excellent rate capability and can discharge capacity over 190 mAh/g even under 3000 mA/g current density, which display their promising use in the high-power type Ni/MH battery. The electrochemical performances of these MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 alloys are well correlated with their microstructure, thermodynamic, and kinetic characteristics.

  19. Preparation of poly(BMA-co-MMA) particles by soap-free emulsion polymerization and its optical properties as photonic crystals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Ki-Chang; Choo, Hun-Seung

    2014-11-01

    Narrowly dispersed poly(BMA-co-MMA) and PBMA latices with particle diameters ranging within 216-435 nm were synthesized successfully by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization with KPS and AIBA. The average particle diameter and particle size distribution, average molecular weight and its distribution, glass transition temperature, reflectance spectra in visible wavelength, and refractive indices for the respective poly(BMA-co-MMA) latices and their photonic crystals were systematically investigated in terms of BMA/MMA ratio, BMA content, polymerization temperature, and DVB effect. The rate of polymerization increased with increasing MMA concentration in BMA/MMA ratio. The particle diameter increased with BMA concentration in BMA/MMA ratio. The molecular weight increased with BMA concentration in BMA/MMA ratio and monomer concentration. The drying of the latices offered self-assembled shiny colloidal crystal films showing the characteristic structural colors in visible wavelength. All the poly(BMA-co-MMA) latices prepared in the study were fallen within the range of photonic grade microspheres. The reflectance measurement on the colloidal photonic crystals having different particle diameters clearly exhibited narrow stopbands. The reflection maxima (λ(max)) measured in this study were well close to the λ(max) calculated, derived from the Bragg's equation. The refractive indices of poly(BMA-co-MMA) photonic crystals were found to be almost same as the theoretical values and increased proportionally from 1.50 to 1.57 with BMA content in BMA/MMA ratios. It was, thus, found that the optical reflectance properties of the poly(BMA-co-MMA) colloidal photonic crystals can be controlled easily by adjusting the reaction conditions and BMA/MMA ratio in soap-free emulsion copolymerization of BMA and MMA.

  20. Magnetoresistance in Co/2D MoS2/Co and Ni/2D MoS2/Ni junctions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Han; Ye, Meng; Wang, Yangyang; Quhe, Ruge; Pan, Yuanyuan; Guo, Ying; Song, Zhigang; Yang, Jinbo; Guo, Wanlin; Lu, Jing

    2016-06-28

    Semiconducting single-layer (SL) and few-layer MoS2 have a flat surface, free of dangling bonds. Using density functional theory coupled with non-equilibrium Green's function method, we investigate the spin-polarized transport properties of Co/2D MoS2/Co and Ni/2D MoS2/Ni junctions with MoS2 layer numbers of N = 1, 3, and 5. Well-defined interfaces are formed between MoS2 and metal electrodes. The junctions with a SL MoS2 spacer are almost metallic owing to the strong coupling between MoS2 and the ferromagnets, while those are tunneling with a few layer MoS2 spacer. Both large magnetoresistance and tunneling magnetoresistance are found when fcc or hcp Co is used as an electrode. Therefore, flat single- and few-layer MoS2 can serve as an effective nonmagnetic spacer in a magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance device with a well-defined interface.

  1. Hierarchical NiCo-LDH@NiOOH core-shell heterostructure on carbon fiber cloth as battery-like electrode for supercapacitor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, Haoyan; Lin, Jinghuang; Jia, Henan; Chen, Shulin; Qi, Junlei; Cao, Jian; Lin, Tiesong; Fei, Weidong; Feng, Jicai

    2018-02-01

    Constructing rational structure and utilizing distinctive components are two important keys to promote the development of high performance supercapacitor. Herein, we adopt a facile two-step method to develop an in-situ heterostructure with NiCo-LDH nanowire as core and NiOOH nanosheets as shell on carbon fiber cloth. The resultant NiCo-LDH@NiOOH electrode exhibites a high specific capacitance of about 2622 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and good cycling stability (88.5% remain after 10000 cycles). This reinforced electrochemical performance is benefit from the distinct core-shell structure, and takes advantage of the synergetic effect to supply more electrochemical active spots and pathways to accelerate electron and ion transport. Furthermore, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor of optimized NiCo-LDH@NiOOH//AC device displays a high energy density of 51.7 Wh kg-1 while the power density is 599 W kg-1 and presents a satisfying cycling performance.

  2. Elastic Properties of Novel Co- and CoNi-Based Superalloys Determined through Bayesian Inference and Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goodlet, Brent R.; Mills, Leah; Bales, Ben; Charpagne, Marie-Agathe; Murray, Sean P.; Lenthe, William C.; Petzold, Linda; Pollock, Tresa M.

    2018-06-01

    Bayesian inference is employed to precisely evaluate single crystal elastic properties of novel γ -γ ' Co- and CoNi-based superalloys from simple and non-destructive resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) measurements. Nine alloys from three Co-, CoNi-, and Ni-based alloy classes were evaluated in the fully aged condition, with one alloy per class also evaluated in the solution heat-treated condition. Comparisons are made between the elastic properties of the three alloy classes and among the alloys of a single class, with the following trends observed. A monotonic rise in the c_{44} (shear) elastic constant by a total of 12 pct is observed between the three alloy classes as Co is substituted for Ni. Elastic anisotropy ( A) is also increased, with a large majority of the nearly 13 pct increase occurring after Co becomes the dominant constituent. Together the five CoNi alloys, with Co:Ni ratios from 1:1 to 1.5:1, exhibited remarkably similar properties with an average A 1.8 pct greater than the Ni-based alloy CMSX-4. Custom code demonstrating a substantial advance over previously reported methods for RUS inversion is also reported here for the first time. CmdStan-RUS is built upon the open-source probabilistic programing language of Stan and formulates the inverse problem using Bayesian methods. Bayesian posterior distributions are efficiently computed with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), while initial parameterization is randomly generated from weakly informative prior distributions. Remarkably robust convergence behavior is demonstrated across multiple independent HMC chains in spite of initial parameterization often very far from actual parameter values. Experimental procedures are substantially simplified by allowing any arbitrary misorientation between the specimen and crystal axes, as elastic properties and misorientation are estimated simultaneously.

  3. Growth mechanisms for spherical mixed hydroxide agglomerates prepared by co-precipitation method: A case of Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Yue; Xu, Shengming; Xie, Ming; He, Yinghe; Huang, Guoyong; Yang, Youcai

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Anisotropic growth of Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 (OH) 2 along the [0 0 1] direction was revealed. • DFT calculation results show crystal surface energies of (0 0 1) plane is highest. • A new model was proposed to explain the formation of spherical agglomerates. - Abstract: Spherical Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 (OH) 2 agglomerates were synthesized by the co-precipitation method in the presence of ammonia. The results show that the growth mechanism of spherical agglomerates follows three-stages, i.e. nucleation and anisotropic growth of single crystals; agglomeration of polycrystalline crystallites agglomerated by single crystal grains as primary particles to form embryonic agglomerates; formation, growth and consolidation of spherical agglomerates or particles by agglomeration of embryonic agglomerates, continued growth of individual crystals in the agglomerates and further attachment of primary particles. The first two stages are very fast while the last stage takes almost the entire process to complete. The main reason for the anisotropic growth of Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 (OH) 2 crystal is that crystal surface energy of E (001) , E (100) , E (101) and E (102) is different with E (001) being the highest. The morphology of the final spherical agglomerates is explained by partial re-crystallization of contacting primary particles. The growth process of spherical agglomerates was examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and calculation of crystal surface energy using density function theory

  4. CO_2 capture in Mg oxides doped with Fe and Ni

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanchez S, I. F.

    2016-01-01

    In this work the CO_2 capture-desorption characteristics in Mg oxides doped with Fe and Ni obtained by the direct oxidation of Mg-Ni and Mg-Fe mixtures are presented. Mixtures of Mg-Ni and Mg-Fe in a different composition were obtained by mechanical milling in a Spex-type mill in a controlled atmosphere of ultra high purity argon at a weight / weight ratio of 4:1 powder using methanol as a lubricating agent, for 20 h. The powders obtained by mechanical milling showed as main phase, the Mg with nanocrystalline structure. Subsequently, the mixtures of Mg-Ni and Mg-Fe were oxidized within a muffle for 10 min at 600 degrees Celsius. By means of X-ray diffraction analysis, the Mg O with nano metric grain size was identified as the main phase, which was determined by the Scherrer equation. In the Mg O doped with Ni, was identified that as the Ni amount 1 to 5% by weight dispersed in the Mg O matrix was increased, the main peak intensity of the Ni phase increased, whereas in the Mg O doped with Fe was observed by XRD, that the Fe_2O_3 phase was present and by increasing the amount of Fe (1 to 5% by weight) dispersed in the crystalline phase of Mg O, the intensity of this impurity also increased. Sem-EDS analysis showed that the Ni and Fe particles are dispersed homogeneously in the Mg O matrix, and the particles are porous, forming agglomerates. Through energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, the elemental chemical composition obtained is very close to the theoretical composition. The capture of CO_2 in the Mg O-1% Ni was carried out in a Parr reactor at different conditions of pressure, temperature and reaction time. Was determined that under the pressure of 0.2 MPa at 26 degrees Celsius for 1 h of reaction, the highest CO_2 capture of 7.04% by weight was obtained, while in Mg O-1% Fe the CO_2 capture was 6.32% by weight. The other magnesium oxides doped in 2.5 and 5% by weight Ni and Fe showed lower CO_2 capture. The different stages of mass loss and thermal

  5. Density of liquid NiCoAlCr quarternary alloys measured by modified sessile drop method

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    FANG Liang; ZHANG Shu-fang; XIAO Feng; YANG Ling-chuan; DONG Jian-xin; CAO Chun-lan; TAO Zai-nan; K. MUKAI

    2006-01-01

    The densities of liquid NiCoAlCr quaternary alloys with a fixed molar ratio of Ni to Co to Al (x(Ni)-x(Co)-x(Al)≈73-12-15) which is close to the average value of the commercial Ni-based superalloys TMS75, INCO713, CM247LC and CMSX-4, and the mass fraction of chromium changes from 0 to 9% were measured by a modified sessile drop method. It is found that with increasing temperature and chromium concentration in the alloys, the densities of the liquid NiCoAlCr quaternary alloys decrease, whereas the molar volume of the liquid NiCoAlCr quaternary alloys increases. And the liquid densities of NiCoAlCr quaternary alloys calculated from the partial molar volumes of nickel, cobalt, aluminum and chromium in the corresponding Ni-bases binary alloys are in good agreement with the experimental ones, i.e. within the error tolerance range the densities of the liquid Ni-based multi-component alloys can be predicted from the partial volumes of elements in Ni-based binary alloys in liquid state. The molar volume of liquid NiCoAlCr binary alloy shows a negative deviation from the ideal linear mixing and the deviation changes small with the increase of chromium concentration at the same temperature.

  6. Preparation and characterization of micro-arc-induced Pd/TM(TM = Ni, Co and Ti) catalysts and comparison of their electrocatalytic activities toward ethanol oxidation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Xiaoguang; Ma, Guanshui; Zhu, Fuchun; Lin, Naiming; Tang, Bin; Zhang, Zhonghua

    2013-01-01

    Using the electro-spark deposition technique, a novel kind of Pd/TM (TM = Ni, Co and Ti) electrode was successfully prepared by arc-depositing Pd on the transition metal substrates. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of the arc-deposited films were investigated using thin-film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results show that, a coarsening topographical morphology can be obtained, being composed of numerous craters/spots with sizes ranging from nano-scales to several microns. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the arc-deposited Pd/TM electrodes exhibit distinct electrochemical behaviors and the catalytic activity toward ethanol electro-oxidation reaction (EOR) is highly dependent upon the nature of substrate. Among the Pd/TM electrodes investigated, the arc-deposited Pd/Co reveals the best activity and superior poisoning tolerance towards ethanol oxidation and will find promising applications as a candidate for the anode catalyst of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs)

  7. Characterization and electrochemical performance of lithium-active titanium dioxide inlaid LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 material prepared by lithium residue-assisted method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Lingjun; Chen, Zhaoyong; Song, Liubin; Xu, Ming; Zhu, Huali; Gong, Li; Zhang, Kaili

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • LiTiO 2 -inlaid LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 is prepared by lithium residue-assisted method. • The unique inlaid architecture inherits the advantages of coating and doping. • LiTiO 2 inlaying enhances the pristine at high cyclability and rate properties. • Excess LiTiO 2 modification results in low Li + diffusion coefficient. • The 3 mol% LiTiO 2 inlaid sample exhibits the best electrochemical performance. - Abstract: The lithium residues are consumed as raw materials to in-situ synthesize the LiTiO 2 -inlaid LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 composites. The effects of various LiTiO 2 contents on the morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 materials are investigated in detail. Energy dispersive spectrometer mapping, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transform analysis confirm that the spherical particles of LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 are completely coated by crystalline LiTiO 2 phase; X-ray diffraction, cross-section SEM and corresponding EDS results indicate that Ti ions are also doped into the bulk LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 with gradient distribution. Electrochemical tests show that the LiTiO 2 -inlaid samples exhibit excellent reversible capacity, enhanced cyclability, superior lithium diffusion coefficient and rate properties. Specially, the 3 mol% LiTiO 2 inlaid sample maintains 153.7 mA h g −1 with 94.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles between 2.7–4.4 V at 1 C, take 30% advantage than that of the pristine one (118.2 mA h g −1 ). This improvement can be attributed to the removal of lithium residues and suitable LiTiO 2 inlaying. The absence of lithium residue is helpful to retard the decomposition of LiPF 6 . While, suitable LiTiO 2 inlaying can protect the bulk from directly contacting the electrolyte, buffer the volume change of core and shell during cycles, increase the surface electronic conductivity and offer a 3D path for Li + diffusion from the bulk to

  8. Magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds La(Ni,Co,Cu)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tazuke, Y.; Tanikawa, H.; Okano, A.; Miyaji, T.

    2006-01-01

    LaNi 3 exhibited a metallic antiferromagnetic property with T N =30 K. La(Ni 1-x Co x ) 3 with x=0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 exhibited ferromagnetic properties, T C increasing linearly with increasing x. La(Ni 1-2z Co z Cu z ) 3 with z=0.015 exhibited a ferromagnetic property with a small T C . A La(Ni 1-y Cu y ) 3 sample with y=0.01 exhibited a Pauli-paramagnetic property; those with y=0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 exhibited gradual metamagnetic behavior and that with y=0.05 exhibited a ferromagnetic property. The gradual metamagnetic M-H variations are numerically simulated by using Landau-type free energies. The results suggest that the gradual metamagnetic behavior occurs from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferromagnetic one. (copyright 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Abstract Copyright [2006], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

  9. Single-layer and double-layer microwave absorbers based on Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres and Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Min [Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Physics & Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China); Wang, Zhongzhu, E-mail: wangzz@ahu.edu.cn [Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Physics & Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China); Wang, Peihong; Liao, Yanlin [Engineering Technology Research Center of Magnetic Materials of Anhui Province, School of Physics & Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China); Bi, Hong [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601 (China)

    2017-03-01

    Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres and Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The complex permeability and complex permittivity of the as-prepared powders dispersing in wax (60 wt% powder) were measured using a vector network analyzer in 2–18 GHz frequency range. The calculated microwave absorption of single-layer and double-layer absorbers based on Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres and Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocrystals were analyzed in 2–18 GHz frequency range. The results show that the Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}nanocrystals with the relatively low permittivity and Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres with the relatively high dielectric loss and magnetic loss can be used as proper matching layer and excellent absorption layer, respectively. The double-layer absorber with a coating thickness of 2.1 mm exhibits a maximum reflection loss of −43.8 dB as well as a bandwidth (reflection loss less than −10 dB) of 5 GHz. Moreover, their absorption peak and the absorption intensity can be adjusted easily through changing the stacking order and each layer thickness. - Highlights: • Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystals can use as matching layer in double-layer absorbers. • Co{sub 67}Ni{sub 33} microspheres with high dielectric loss can use as absorption layer. • Double-layer absorbers exhibits an excellent microwave absorption in 2–18 GHz.

  10. Construction of Bimetallic ZIF-Derived Co-Ni LDHs on the Surfaces of GO or CNTs with a Recyclable Method: Toward Reduced Toxicity of Gaseous Thermal Decomposition Products of Unsaturated Polyester Resin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hou, Yanbei; Qiu, Shuilai; Hu, Yuan; Kundu, Chanchal Kumar; Gui, Zhou; Hu, Weizhao

    2018-05-16

    This work proposed an idea of recycling in preparing Co-Ni layered double hydroxide (LDH)-derived flame retardants. A novel and feasible method was developed to synthesize CO-Ni LDH-decorated graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), by sacrificing bimetal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Organic ligands that departed from ZIFs were recyclable and can be reused to synthesize ZIFs. ZIFs, as transitional objects, in situ synthesized on the surfaces of GO or CNTs directly suppressed the re-stacking of the carbides and facilitated the preparation of GO@LDHs and CNTs@LDHs. As-prepared hybrids catalytically reduced toxic CO yield during the thermal decomposition of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). What is more, the release behaviors of aromatic compounds were also suppressed during the pyrolysis process of UPR composites. The addition of GO@LDHs and CNTs@LDHs obviously inhibited the heat release and smoke emission behaviors of the UPR matrix during combustion. Mechanical properties of the UPR matrix also improved by inclusion of the carbides derivatives. This work paved a feasible method to prepare well-dispersed carbides@Co-Ni LDH nanocomposites with a more environmentally friendly method.

  11. Investigation of Ni@CoO core-shell nanoparticle films synthesized by sequential layer deposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spadaro, M.C.; Luches, P.; Benedetti, F.; Valeri, S.; Turchini, S.; Bertoni, G.; Ferretti, A.M.; Capetti, E.; Ponti, A.; D’Addato, S.

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • We studied Ni/CoO core-shell nanoparticles (NP) obtained with a gas aggregation source. • The NP oxide shells were produced bye reactive deposition of Co in Oxygen atmosphere (p_O_2 ≈ 10"−"7 mbar). • XPS, SEM, STEM were used to obtain information on Ni chemical state and NP structure and morphology. • XMCD result showed evidence of remanent magnetization at room temperature. • We interpret XMCD results as due to stabilization induced by exchange bias due to AFM/FM coupling at the core/shell interface. - Abstract: Films of Ni@CoO core-shell nanoparticles (NP Ni core size d ≈ 11 nm) have been grown on Si/SiO_x and lacey carbon supports, by a sequential layer deposition method: a first layer of CoO was evaporated on the substrate, followed by the deposition of a layer of pre-formed, mass-selected Ni NPs, and finally an overlayer of CoO was added. The Ni NPs were formed by a magnetron gas aggregation source, and mass selected with a quadrupole mass filter. The morphology of the films was investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. The Ni NP cores have a shape compatible with McKay icosahedron, caused by multitwinning occurring during their growth in the source, and the Ni NP layer shows the typical random paving growth mode. After the deposition of the CoO overlayer, CoO islands are observed, gradually extending and tending to merge with each other, with the formation of shells that enclose the Ni NP cores. In situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy showed that a few Ni atomic layers localized at the core-shell interface are oxidized, hinting at the possibility of creating an intermediate NiO shell between Ni and CoO, depending on the deposition conditions. Finally, X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism at the Ni L_2_,_3 absorption edge showed the presence of magnetization at room temperature even at remanence, revealing the possibility of magnetic stabilization of the NP film.

  12. Seaurchin-like hierarchical NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core-shell nanomaterials for high performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Qiang; Deng, Yanghua; Hu, Zhonghua; Liu, Yafei; Yao, Mingming; Liu, Peipei

    2014-11-14

    A novel electrode material of the three-dimensional (3D) multicomponent oxide NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core-shell was synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal method using a post-annealing procedure. The uniform NiMoO4 nanosheets were grown on the seaurchin-like NiCo2O4 backbone to form a NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core-shell material constructed by interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, so as to produce hierarchical mesopores with a large specific surface area of 100.3 m(2) g(-1). The porous feature and core-shell structure can facilitate the penetration of electrolytic ions and increases the number of electroactive sites. Hence, the NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 2474 F g(-1) and 2080 F g(-1) at current densities of 1 A g(-1) and 20 A g(-1) respectively, suggesting that it has not only a very large specific capacitance, but also a good rate performance. In addition, the capacitance loss was only 5.0% after 1000 cycles of charge and discharge tests at the current density of 10 A g(-1), indicating high stability. The excellent electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to its 3D core-shell and hierarchical mesoporous structures which can provide unobstructed pathways for the fast diffusion and transportation of ions and electrons, a large number of active sites and good strain accommodation.

  13. 1D Ni-Co oxide and sulfide nanoarray/carbon aerogel hybrid nanostructures for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density and excellent cycling stability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hao, Pin; Tian, Jian; Sang, Yuanhua; Tuan, Chia-Chi; Cui, Guanwei; Shi, Xifeng; Wong, C P; Tang, Bo; Liu, Hong

    2016-09-15

    The fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes with high energy density and excellent cycling stability is still a great challenge. A carbon aerogel, possessing a hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area and electrical conductivity, is an ideal backbone to support transition metal oxides and bring hope to prepare electrodes with high energy density and excellent cycling stability. Therefore, NiCo 2 S 4 nanotube array/carbon aerogel and NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedle array/carbon aerogel hybrid supercapacitor electrode materials were synthesized by assembling Ni-Co precursor needle arrays on the surface of the channel walls of hierarchical porous carbon aerogels derived from chitosan in this study. The 1D nanostructures grow on the channel surface of the carbon aerogel vertically and tightly, contributing to the enhanced electrochemical performance with ultrahigh energy density. The energy density of NiCo 2 S 4 nanotube array/carbon aerogel and NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedle array/carbon aerogel hybrid asymmetric supercapacitors can reach up to 55.3 Wh kg -1 and 47.5 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 400 W kg -1 , respectively. These asymmetric devices also displayed excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of about 96.6% and 92% over 5000 cycles.

  14. Characterization of particulate sol-gel synthesis of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 via maleic acid assistance with different solvents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhong, Y.D.; Zhao, X.B.; Cao, G.S.; Tu, J.P.; Zhu, T.J.

    2006-01-01

    Particulate sol-gel LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 has been synthesized by a maleic-acid-assisted process using de-ionized water or ethanol as the solvent. A comparison of the effect on these two different solvents was made on the basis of thermal studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, chemical diffusion coefficients measurement, and electrochemical cyclability tests. An esterification reaction occurred on the xerogel prepared with ethanol as solvent, reducing Ni and Co from their nitrate salts. LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 grew at the expense of Li 2 CO 3 , NiO, and CoO during calcination. Better results of capacity and cyclability were obtained in a DI-water-solvent sample associated with a larger interslab thickness between O-Li-O and lower Ni occupancy on the Li site. The activation energy for the calcinations of DI-water-solvent sample is one-half of that of the ethanol-solvent one, which could be the reason for its better properties. Chemical diffusion coefficients of Li + ion are of the same order 10 -10 cm 2 /s, is not affected by the solvents used and/or the temperature raise to 55 deg. C

  15. Colloidal silver solutions with antimicrobial properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Petica, A.; Gavriliu, S.; Lungu, M.; Buruntea, N.; Panzaru, C.

    2008-01-01

    Some colloidal silver solutions involving the electrochemical technique with 'sacrificial anode method and different stabilizers and co-stabilizers' have been prepared. A constant current pulse generator with stirrer at different working times has been used. To achieve stable colloidal silver solutions, a mix of different tensioactive agents namely [poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone)], Na-naphthalene sulphonate, Na-lauryl sulfate and Na-dodecyl sulphonate were tested. The effects of these various mixes of polymer and ionic surfactants upon the Ag concentration and UV-vis spectra of silver nanoparticles were determined by spectrophotometer techniques. The nanoparticles sizes have been analyzed through dynamic light scattering technique and the silver nanoparticle morphology has been evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Micobiological analysis has been made by determining minimal inhibitorial concentration upon the following germs: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) (Gram-positive cocci), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC), Escherichia coli (ATCC) and Acinetobacter spp. (Gram-negative coccobacillus). To evaluate the antifungal effect, the antibiogram method involving various tests using a fungi mix of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma species has been used. The presented method allows obtaining of some stable colloidal solutions containing up to 35 ppm of Ag with very good antimicrobial and antifungal properties

  16. Colloidal silver solutions with antimicrobial properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Petica, A. [INCDIE ICPE-Advanced Research, Bucharest (Romania)], E-mail: petica@icpe-ca.ro; Gavriliu, S.; Lungu, M.; Buruntea, N. [INCDIE ICPE-Advanced Research, Bucharest (Romania); Panzaru, C. [Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iassy (Romania)

    2008-08-25

    Some colloidal silver solutions involving the electrochemical technique with 'sacrificial anode method and different stabilizers and co-stabilizers' have been prepared. A constant current pulse generator with stirrer at different working times has been used. To achieve stable colloidal silver solutions, a mix of different tensioactive agents namely [poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone)], Na-naphthalene sulphonate, Na-lauryl sulfate and Na-dodecyl sulphonate were tested. The effects of these various mixes of polymer and ionic surfactants upon the Ag concentration and UV-vis spectra of silver nanoparticles were determined by spectrophotometer techniques. The nanoparticles sizes have been analyzed through dynamic light scattering technique and the silver nanoparticle morphology has been evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Micobiological analysis has been made by determining minimal inhibitorial concentration upon the following germs: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) (Gram-positive cocci), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC), Escherichia coli (ATCC) and Acinetobacter spp. (Gram-negative coccobacillus). To evaluate the antifungal effect, the antibiogram method involving various tests using a fungi mix of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma species has been used. The presented method allows obtaining of some stable colloidal solutions containing up to 35 ppm of Ag with very good antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

  17. Electrical and magnetic properties of Fe-based bulk metallic glass with minor Co and Ni addition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jung, H.Y. [IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, D–01069 Dresden (Germany); Stoica, M. [IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, D–01069 Dresden (Germany); POLITEHNICA University of Timisoara, P-ta Victoriei 2, Timisoara (Romania); Yi, S. [Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 702–701 Daegu (Korea, Republic of); Kim, D.H. [Center for Non-crystalline Materials, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, 120–749 Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Eckert, J. [IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, D–01069 Dresden (Germany); University of Technology Dresden, Institute of Materials Science, D–01062 Dresden (Germany)

    2014-09-01

    The effect of minor Co and Ni alloying on soft magnetic properties and electrical resistivity of Fe{sub 75.5}C{sub 7.0}Si{sub 3.3}B{sub 5.5}P{sub 8.7} (at%) bulk metallic glass has been investigated. Within examined compositional range (Co and Ni up to 4 at%, respectively), the saturation magnetization and electrical resistivity of the alloys continuously decrease with increasing Co or Ni content, while the Curie temperature and initial permeability increase. Comparing the effect of Co and Ni additions, the alloys with Co addition have much higher Curie temperature and saturation magnetization than the alloy with Ni addition. Also, the Co-added alloys show smaller coercivity and larger permeability than the Ni-added alloys. The present results suggest that minor addition of Co can provide better effectiveness to enhance the magnetic softness of Fe-based BMGs than minor Ni addition. - Highlights: • Soft magnetic characteristics of CI-based BMGs can be enhanced with minor Co and Ni alloying. • Minor Co addition can provide better effectiveness to enhance the magnetic softness of CI-based BMG than Ni addition. • Optimum Co addition enlarges atomic packing density and randomness of amorphous structure.

  18. Effect of Nb and F Co-doping on Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Cathode Material for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lei Ming

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available The Li1.2Mn0.54−xNbxCo0.13Ni0.13O2−6xF6x (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 is prepared by traditional solid-phase method, and the Nb and F ions are successfully doped into Mn and O sites of layered materials Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2, respectively. The incorporating Nb ion in Mn site can effectively restrain the migration of transition metal ions during long-term cycling, and keep the stability of the crystal structure. The Li1.2Mn0.54−xNbxCo0.13Ni0.13O2−6xF6x shows suppressed voltage fade and higher capacity retention of 98.1% after 200 cycles at rate of 1 C. The replacement of O2− by the strongly electronegative F− is beneficial for suppressed the structure change of Li2MnO3 from the eliminating of oxygen in initial charge process. Therefore, the initial coulombic efficiency of doped Li1.2Mn0.54−xNbxCo0.13Ni0.13O2−6xF6x gets improved, which is higher than that of pure Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2. In addition, the Nb and F co-doping can effectively enhance the transfer of lithium-ion and electrons, and thus improving rate performance.

  19. Fabrication of free-standing NiCo2O4 nanoarrays via a facile modified hydrothermal synthesis method and their applications for lithium ion batteries and high-rate alkaline batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zheng, Qingyun; Zhang, Xiangyang; Shen, Youming

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Hydrothermal-synthesized NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflake arrays exhibit porous structure and high capacity as well as good cycling life for lithium ion batteries and alkaline batteries. - Highlights: • Self-supported NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflake arrays are prepared by a hydrothermal method. • NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflake arrays show high capacity and good cycling life. • Porous nanoflake arrays structure is favorable for fast ion/electron transfer. - Abstract: Self-supported NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflake arrays on nickel foam are prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The obtained NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflakes with thicknesses of ∼25 nm grow vertically to the nickel foam substrate and form an interconnected porous network with pore diameters of 50–500 nm. As anode material of LIBs, the NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflake arrays show a high initial coulombic efficiency of 76%, as well as good cycling stability with a capacity of 880 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 , and 523 mAh g −1 at 1.5 A g −1 after 50 cycles. As the cathode of alkaline batteries, a high capacity of 95 mAh g −1 is achieved at 2 A g −1 and 94% retention is maintained after 10,000 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance is mainly due to the unique nanoflake arrays structure with large surface area and shorter diffusion length for mass and charge transport

  20. Alloying behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties in a FeNiCrCo0.3Al0.7 high entropy alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Weiping; Fu, Zhiqiang; Fang, Sicong; Xiao, Huaqiang; Zhu, Dezhi

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 high entropy alloy is prepared via MA and SPS. • Two BCC phases and one FCC phase were obtained after SPS. • The two BCC phases are enriched in Fe–Cr (A2 structure) and enriched in Ni–Al (B2 structure). • Bulk FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 HEA exhibits excellent mechanical properties. - Abstract: The present paper reports the synthesis of FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 high entropy alloy (HEA) by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Alloying behavior, microstructure, mechanical properties and detailed phases of the alloy were investigated systematically. During MA, the formation of a supersaturated solid solution with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure occurred. However, partial BCC structure phase transformed into a face-center cubic (FCC) structure phase during SPS. Two BCC phases with nearly the same lattice parameter of 3.01 Å and one FCC phase with the lattice parameter of 3.72 Å were characterized in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The two BCC phases which are evidently deviated from the definition of high entropy alloys (HEAs) are enriched in Fe–Cr and enriched in Ni–Al, respectively. Moreover, the FCC phase agrees well with the definition of HEAs. Bulk FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 alloy with little porosity exhibits much better mechanical properties except compression ratio compared with other typical HEAs of FeNiCrCoAl HEA system. The yield strength, compressive strength, compression ratio and Vickers hardness of FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 alloy are 2033 ± 41 MPa, 2635 ± 55 MPa, 8.12 ± 0.51% and 624 ± 26H v , respectively. The fracture mechanism of bulk FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 alloy is dominated by intercrystalline fracture and quasi-cleavage fracture

  1. Blocking temperature distribution in implanted Co-Ni nanoparticles obtained by magneto-optical measurements

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    D' Orazio, F.; Lucari, F. E-mail: franco.lucari@aquila.infn.it; Melchiorri, M.; Julian Fernandez, C. de; Mattei, G.; Mazzoldi, P.; Sangregorio, C.; Gatteschi, D.; Fiorani, D

    2003-05-01

    Three samples of Co-Ni alloy nanoparticles with different compositions were prepared by sequential ion implantation in silica slides. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of spherical nanoparticles dispersed in the matrix. Magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis identified two magnetic components attributed to superparamagnetic particles in unblocked and blocked states, respectively. Magnetic field loops were measured as a function of temperature. Blocking temperature distributions were obtained; and their comparison with the size distributions derived from TEM provided the average magnetic anisotropy of the particles.

  2. Blocking temperature distribution in implanted Co-Ni nanoparticles obtained by magneto-optical measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    D'Orazio, F.; Lucari, F.; Melchiorri, M.; Julian Fernandez, C. de; Mattei, G.; Mazzoldi, P.; Sangregorio, C.; Gatteschi, D.; Fiorani, D.

    2003-01-01

    Three samples of Co-Ni alloy nanoparticles with different compositions were prepared by sequential ion implantation in silica slides. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of spherical nanoparticles dispersed in the matrix. Magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis identified two magnetic components attributed to superparamagnetic particles in unblocked and blocked states, respectively. Magnetic field loops were measured as a function of temperature. Blocking temperature distributions were obtained; and their comparison with the size distributions derived from TEM provided the average magnetic anisotropy of the particles

  3. Fe-, Co-, and Ni-Loaded Porous Activated Carbon Balls as Lightweight Microwave Absorbents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Guomin; Wang, Liancheng; Li, Wanxi; Xu, Yao

    2015-11-16

    Porous activated carbon ball (PACB) composites impregnated with iron, cobalt, nickel and/or their oxides were synthesized through a wet chemistry method involving PACBs as the carrier to load Fe(3+), Co(2+), and Ni(2+) ions and a subsequent carbothermal reduction at different annealing temperatures. The results show that the pyrolysis products of nitrates and/or the products from the carbothermal reduction are embedded in the pores of the PACBs, with different distributions, resulting in different crystalline phases. The as-prepared PACB composites possessed high specific surface areas of 791.2-901.5 m(2)  g(-1) and low densities of 1.1-1.3 g cm(-3). Minimum reflection loss (RL) values of -50.1, -20.6, and -20.4 dB were achieved for Fe-PACB (annealed at 500 °C), Co-PACB (annealed at 800 °C), and Ni-PACB (annealed at 800 °C) composites, respectively. Moreover, the influence of the amount of the magnetic components in the PACB composites on the microwave-absorbing performances was investigated, further confirming that the dielectric loss was the primary contributor to microwave absorption. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  4. Foam separation of Cu (II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions and simulated wastewaters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shakir, K.; Beheir, Sh.G.; Aziz, M.

    2003-01-01

    Batch experiments on the removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions were performed through two foam separation techniques: precipitate flotation (PTF) an adsorbing colloid flotation (ACF). In ACF, Fe(III), oxyhydroxide was used as co precipitant and/or adsorbing colloid and sodium lauryl sulfate was used as a collector. ACF required a lower collector concentration than PTF. foreign ions were found to decrease the percent removal, the extent of decrease being higher by divalent ions than that by monovalent ones. However, the percent removal could be improved, even in presence of foreign ions, by addition of Al(II) as an activator. High removals could be attained for Cu(II) and Ni(II) from simulated wastewaters containing different concentrations of both metal ions. The addition of concentrations below the limits recommended by the egyptian regulations for environmental discharge

  5. Properties of LiCoO{sub 2}-coated NiO MCFC cathode

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kuk, S.T.; Kim, C.K.; Chun, H.S. [Korea Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kwon, H.J. [Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon (Korea, Republic of)

    1996-12-31

    PVA-assisted sol-gel method is useful in producing metal oxides with large surface area at low temperature. We fabricated LiCoO{sub 2}-coated NiO(LC-NiO) cathode by PVA-assisted sol-gel method and measured its properties, The electrical conductivity of LC-NiO cathode was measured to be more than 5 times as high as that of NiO and unit cell test showed improved performance. From the SEM images and Raman spectra. we confirmed that the structure of LC-NiO was different from that of NiO. For 250 hours of steady operation of unit cells. the mean voltage of the cells were 0.78V for NiO and 0.85V for LiCoO{sub 2}-Coated NiO at a current density of l50mA/cm{sup 2}.

  6. Transition between periodic and quasiperiodic structures in Al-Ni-Co

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grushko, B.; Wittmann, R.

    1998-01-01

    A series of Al-Ni-Co alloys forming stable decagonal (D-ANC) quasicrystals was studied in as-cast and annealed states. It was shown that under certain conditions periodic structures with pseudodecagonal (PD) symmetry can be produced at the same compositions as stable decagonal quasicrystals. Different variants of D-ANC and PD were observed in a compositional range of 70-72.5 at.% Al and 13-18 at.% Co. As-cast D-ANC can be transformed to single-phase PD of the same local composition. Single-phase PDs can be transformed to D-ANC of the same composition by heating to a temperature higher than the formation temperature of these PDs. The transition between PD and D-ANC was studied in more detail in Al 71 Ni 14.5 Co 14.5 and Al 70 Ni 15 Co 15 by electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry and differential thermal analysis. The results of this study do not confirm the thermodynamic stability of this PD structure. (orig.)

  7. Water-Gas Shift and CO Methanation Reactions over Ni-CeO2(111) Catalysts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    S Senanayake; J Evans; S Agnoli; L Barrio; T Chen; J Hrbek; J Rodriguez

    2011-12-31

    X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies were used to study the interaction of Ni atoms with CeO{sub 2}(111) surfaces. Upon adsorption on CeO{sub 2}(111) at 300 K, nickel remains in a metallic state. Heating to elevated temperatures (500-800 K) leads to partial reduction of the ceria substrate with the formation of Ni{sup 2+} species that exists as NiO and/or Ce{sub 1-x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 2-y}. Interactions of nickel with the oxide substrate significantly reduce the density of occupied Ni 3d states near the Fermi level. The results of core-level photoemission and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure point to weakly bound CO species on CeO{sub 2}(111) which are clearly distinguishable from the formation of chemisorbed carbonates. In the presence of Ni, a stronger interaction is observed with chemisorption of CO on the admetal. When the Ni is in contact with Ce{sup +3} cations, CO dissociates on the surface at 300 K forming NiC{sub x} compounds that may be involved in the formation of CH{sub 4} at higher temperatures. At medium and large Ni coverages (>0.3 ML), the Ni/CeO{sub 2}(111) surfaces are able to catalyze the production of methane from CO and H{sub 2}, with an activity slightly higher than that of Ni(100) or Ni(111). On the other hand, at small coverages of Ni (<0.3 ML), the Ni/CeO{sub 2}(111) surfaces exhibit a very low activity for CO methanation but are very good catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction.

  8. Choice of precipitant and calcination temperature of precursor for synthesis of NiCo2O4 for control of CO-CH4 emissions from CNG vehicles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trivedi, Suverna; Prasad, Ram

    2018-03-01

    Compressed natural gas (CNG) is most appropriate an alternative of conventional fuel for automobiles. However, emissions of carbon-monoxide and methane from such vehicles adversely affect human health and environment. Consequently, to abate emissions from CNG vehicles, development of highly efficient and inexpensive catalysts is necessary. Thus, the present work attempts to scan the effects of precipitants (Na 2 CO 3 , KOH and urea) for nickel cobaltite (NiCo 2 O 4 ) catalysts prepared by co-precipitation from nitrate solutions and calcined in a lean CO-air mixture at 400°C. The catalysts were used for oxidation of a mixture of CO and CH 4 (1:1). The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface-area, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; temperature programmed reduction and Scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The Na 2 CO 3 was adjudged as the best precipitant for production of catalyst, which completely oxidized CO-CH 4 mixture at the lowest temperature (T 100 =350°C). Whereas, for catalyst prepared using urea, T 100 =362°C. On the other hand the conversion of CO-CH 4 mixture over the catalyst synthesized by KOH limited to 97% even beyond 400°C. Further, the effect of higher calcination temperatures of 500 and 600°C was examined for the best catalyst. The total oxidation of the mixture was attained at higher temperatures of 375 and 410°C over catalysts calcined at 500 and 600°C respectively. Thus, the best precipitant established was Na 2 CO 3 and the optimum calcination temperature of 400°C was found to synthesize the NiCo 2 O 4 catalyst for the best performance in CO-CH 4 oxidation. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  9. Preparation and properties of Ni80Fe20/Al2O3/Co magnetic tunnel junctions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Jing; Du Jun; Wu Xiaoshan; Pan Minghu; Long Jianguo; Zhang Wei; Lu Mu; Hu An; Zhai Hongru

    2000-01-01

    With plasma oxidisation to create an insulating layer of Al 2 O 3 , the authors have repeatedly fabricated Ni 80 Fe 20 /Al 2 O 3 /Co magnetic tunnel junctions which show obvious tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect. At room temperature, the maximum TMR ratio reaches 6.0%. The switch field can be less than 800 A/m with a relative step width of about 2400 A/m. The junction resistance changes from hundreds of ohms to hundreds of kilo-ohms

  10. Enhanced tortuosity for electrolytes in microwave irradiated self-organized carbon-doped Ni/Co hydroxide nanocomposite electrodes with higher Ni/Co atomic ratio and rate capability for an asymmetric supercapacitor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Niraj; Kumar, Viresh; Panda, H S

    2017-11-03

    We demonstrate a green, facile and rapid microwave-mediated process for fabricating carbon black (CB) incorporated Ni/Co hydroxide porous nanocomposites and study the effect of various mass loading of CB on supercapacitor performance. The structure and interactions between CB and Ni/Co hydroxide are characterized by using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which suggest the miniaturization of the single-phase Ni/Co hydroxide formation time. A morphology study reveals that the addition of CB into Ni/Co hydroxide develops a loose network structure with well-defined architectural pores. In addition, the nanocomposites demonstrate noticeable improvements in porosity and atomic ratio of Ni/Co with an increasing percentage of carbon, which results in a higher diffusion of electrolytes, and hence electrical conduction. The developed electrode materials exhibit a maximum specific capacitance value of 1526 Fg -1 at current density 1 Ag -1 with excellent cyclic stability (92% retention at 5000 cycles), energy density (76 Wh Kg -1 ), power density (250 W Kg -1 ) and rate capability. A solid state asymmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated and utilized to brighten a commercial LED effectively for validating real usage.

  11. Enhanced tortuosity for electrolytes in microwave irradiated self-organized carbon-doped Ni/Co hydroxide nanocomposite electrodes with higher Ni/Co atomic ratio and rate capability for an asymmetric supercapacitor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Niraj; Kumar, Viresh; Panda, H. S.

    2017-11-01

    We demonstrate a green, facile and rapid microwave-mediated process for fabricating carbon black (CB) incorporated Ni/Co hydroxide porous nanocomposites and study the effect of various mass loading of CB on supercapacitor performance. The structure and interactions between CB and Ni/Co hydroxide are characterized by using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which suggest the miniaturization of the single-phase Ni/Co hydroxide formation time. A morphology study reveals that the addition of CB into Ni/Co hydroxide develops a loose network structure with well-defined architectural pores. In addition, the nanocomposites demonstrate noticeable improvements in porosity and atomic ratio of Ni/Co with an increasing percentage of carbon, which results in a higher diffusion of electrolytes, and hence electrical conduction. The developed electrode materials exhibit a maximum specific capacitance value of 1526 Fg-1 at current density 1 Ag-1 with excellent cyclic stability (92% retention at 5000 cycles), energy density (76 Wh Kg-1), power density (250 W Kg-1) and rate capability. A solid state asymmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated and utilized to brighten a commercial LED effectively for validating real usage.

  12. Synthesis of nanostructured NiO/Co3O4 through thermal decomposition of a bimetallic (Ni/Co) metal-organic framework as catalyst for cyclooctene epoxidation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abbasi, Alireza; Soleimani, Mohammad; Najafi, Mahnaz; Geranmayeh, Shokoofeh

    2017-04-01

    Hydrothermal approach has led to the formation of a three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF), [NiCo(μ2-tp)(μ4-tp)(4,4‧-bpy)2]n (1) (tp = terephthalic acid and 4,4‧-bpy = 4,4‧-bipyridine) which was characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Thermal decomposition of the MOF afforded nanostructured mixed metal oxide, namely NiO/Co3O4. The XRD and SEM analysis confirm the formation of the mixed metal oxide. The nanostructured NiO/Co3O4 demonstrated good catalytic activity and selectivity in the epoxidation of cyclooctene in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant.

  13. Investigation of Ni@CoO core-shell nanoparticle films synthesized by sequential layer deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Spadaro, M.C., E-mail: mariachiara.spadaro@unimore.it [CNR-NANO, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena (Italy); Dipartimento FIM, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena (Italy); Luches, P. [Dipartimento FIM, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena (Italy); Benedetti, F.; Valeri, S. [CNR-NANO, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena (Italy); Dipartimento FIM, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena (Italy); Turchini, S. [CNR-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma (Italy); Bertoni, G. [CNR-IMEM, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/a, 43124 Parma (Italy); Ferretti, A.M.; Capetti, E.; Ponti, A. [Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano (Italy); D’Addato, S. [CNR-NANO, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena (Italy); Dipartimento FIM, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena (Italy)

    2017-02-28

    Highlights: • We studied Ni/CoO core-shell nanoparticles (NP) obtained with a gas aggregation source. • The NP oxide shells were produced bye reactive deposition of Co in Oxygen atmosphere (p{sub O2} ≈ 10{sup −7} mbar). • XPS, SEM, STEM were used to obtain information on Ni chemical state and NP structure and morphology. • XMCD result showed evidence of remanent magnetization at room temperature. • We interpret XMCD results as due to stabilization induced by exchange bias due to AFM/FM coupling at the core/shell interface. - Abstract: Films of Ni@CoO core-shell nanoparticles (NP Ni core size d ≈ 11 nm) have been grown on Si/SiO{sub x} and lacey carbon supports, by a sequential layer deposition method: a first layer of CoO was evaporated on the substrate, followed by the deposition of a layer of pre-formed, mass-selected Ni NPs, and finally an overlayer of CoO was added. The Ni NPs were formed by a magnetron gas aggregation source, and mass selected with a quadrupole mass filter. The morphology of the films was investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. The Ni NP cores have a shape compatible with McKay icosahedron, caused by multitwinning occurring during their growth in the source, and the Ni NP layer shows the typical random paving growth mode. After the deposition of the CoO overlayer, CoO islands are observed, gradually extending and tending to merge with each other, with the formation of shells that enclose the Ni NP cores. In situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy showed that a few Ni atomic layers localized at the core-shell interface are oxidized, hinting at the possibility of creating an intermediate NiO shell between Ni and CoO, depending on the deposition conditions. Finally, X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism at the Ni L{sub 2,3} absorption edge showed the presence of magnetization at room temperature even at remanence, revealing the possibility of magnetic stabilization of the NP film.

  14. Microwave absorption property of the diatomite coated by Fe-CoNiP films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yan, Zhenqiang; Cai, Jun; Xu, Yonggang; Zhang, Deyuan

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • The bio-absorbent coated Fe-CoNiP was fabricated by electroless and CVD. • The EM parameters were enlarged as Fe coated on the diatomite. • The coating CIPs play a key role in the enhancement mechanism. • The Fe-CoNiP diatomite had a better absorbing and shielding properties. - Abstract: A bio-absorbent of Fe-CoNiP coated on the diatomite was fabricated by way of electroless plating of CoNiP and subsequent chemical vapor deposition of Fe. The surface morphology and composition of the above-mentioned diatomite particles at different stage were characterized with the scanning electron microscopy and the energy spectrum analysis respectively, and the results showed that the diatomite was successfully coated with CoNoP and Fe (carbony iron). The complex permittivity and permeability of composites filled with the bio-absorbent and paraffin was measured in frequency range of 2–18 GHz, and then the microwave reflection loss (RL) and the shielding effectiveness (SE) were calculated. The results showed that the permittivity and the permeability were both enlarged as Fe films were coated onto the CoNiP-coated diatomite, which was attributed to the excellent electromagnetic property of carbonyl irons. The composites made with the Fe-CoNiP diatomite had a better absorbing property (minimum RL −11.0 dB) as well as the shielding property (maximum SE 5.6 dB) at thickness 2 mm. It indicated the absorption property was mainly due to the attenuation on the microwave, and the Fe-CoNiP diatomite could be an effective absorbent with low-density

  15. Microwave absorption property of the diatomite coated by Fe-CoNiP films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yan, Zhenqiang; Cai, Jun; Xu, Yonggang, E-mail: xuyonggang221@163.com; Zhang, Deyuan

    2015-08-15

    Highlights: • The bio-absorbent coated Fe-CoNiP was fabricated by electroless and CVD. • The EM parameters were enlarged as Fe coated on the diatomite. • The coating CIPs play a key role in the enhancement mechanism. • The Fe-CoNiP diatomite had a better absorbing and shielding properties. - Abstract: A bio-absorbent of Fe-CoNiP coated on the diatomite was fabricated by way of electroless plating of CoNiP and subsequent chemical vapor deposition of Fe. The surface morphology and composition of the above-mentioned diatomite particles at different stage were characterized with the scanning electron microscopy and the energy spectrum analysis respectively, and the results showed that the diatomite was successfully coated with CoNoP and Fe (carbony iron). The complex permittivity and permeability of composites filled with the bio-absorbent and paraffin was measured in frequency range of 2–18 GHz, and then the microwave reflection loss (RL) and the shielding effectiveness (SE) were calculated. The results showed that the permittivity and the permeability were both enlarged as Fe films were coated onto the CoNiP-coated diatomite, which was attributed to the excellent electromagnetic property of carbonyl irons. The composites made with the Fe-CoNiP diatomite had a better absorbing property (minimum RL −11.0 dB) as well as the shielding property (maximum SE 5.6 dB) at thickness 2 mm. It indicated the absorption property was mainly due to the attenuation on the microwave, and the Fe-CoNiP diatomite could be an effective absorbent with low-density.

  16. NiCo2O4-Based Supercapacitor Nanomaterials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chenggang; Zhou, E; He, Weidong; Deng, Xiaolong; Huang, Jinzhao; Ding, Meng; Wei, Xianqi; Liu, Xiaojing; Xu, Xijin

    2017-01-01

    In recent years, the research on supercapacitors has ushered in an explosive growth, which mainly focuses on seeking nano-/micro-materials with high energy and power densities. Herein, this review will be arranged from three aspects. We will summarize the controllable architectures of spinel NiCo2O4 fabricated by various approaches. Then, we introduce their performances as supercapacitors due to their excellent electrochemical performance, including superior electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity, together with the low cost and environmental friendliness. Finally, the review will be concluded with the perspectives on the future development of spinel NiCo2O4 utilized as the supercapacitor electrodes. PMID:28336875

  17. NiCo2O4-Based Supercapacitor Nanomaterials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chenggang Wang

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available In recent years, the research on supercapacitors has ushered in an explosive growth, which mainly focuses on seeking nano-/micro-materials with high energy and power densities. Herein, this review will be arranged from three aspects. We will summarize the controllable architectures of spinel NiCo2O4 fabricated by various approaches. Then, we introduce their performances as supercapacitors due to their excellent electrochemical performance, including superior electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity, together with the low cost and environmental friendliness. Finally, the review will be concluded with the perspectives on the future development of spinel NiCo2O4 utilized as the supercapacitor electrodes.

  18. A two-step hydrothermal synthesis approach to synthesize NiCo2S4/NiS hollow nanospheres for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Rui; Lin, Jianming; Wu, Jihuai; Huang, Miaoliang; Fan, Leqing; He, Xin; Wang, Yiting; Xu, Zedong

    2017-11-01

    In this work, a high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor device based on NiCo2S4/NiS hollow nanospheres as the positive electrode and the porous activated carbon as the negative electrode was successfully fabricated via a facile two-step hydrothermal synthesis approach. This NiCo2S4/NiS//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor achieved a high energy density of 43.7 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 160 W kg-1, an encouraging specific capacitance of 123 F g-1 at a current density of 1 mA cm-2, as well as a long-term performance with capacitance degradation of 5.2% after 3000 consecutive cycles at 1 mA cm-2. Moreover, the NiCo2S4/NiS electrode also demonstrated an excellent specific capacitance (1947.5 F g-1 at 3 mA cm-2) and an outstanding cycling stability (retaining 90.3% after 1000 cycles). The remarkable electrochemical performances may be attributed to the effect of NiS doping on NiCo2S4 which could enlarge the surface area and increase the surface roughness.

  19. Mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanoneedles grown on three dimensional graphene networks as binder-free electrode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Sainan; Wu, Jun; Zhou, Jiang; Fang, Guozhao; Liang, Shuquan

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Mesoporous NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles grown on three dimensional graphene networks have been successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal reaction with subsequent annealing treatment. Significantly, as a binder-free electrode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, the hybrid exhibits high specific capacity/capacitance and excellent cycling stability over long-term cycling. - Highlights: • Mesoporous NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles grown on 3D graphene networks are successfully prepared. • The NiCo 2 O 4 /3DGN hybrid is directly used as binder-free electrode for LIBs and SCs. • The hybrid exhibits superior long-term cycling stability up to 2000 cycles for LIBs application. • The hybrid delivers a high specific capacitance of 970 F g −1 at 20 A g −1 . • The hybrid demonstrates excellent capacitance retention of ∼96.5% after 3000 cycles for SCs application. - Abstract: Mesoporous nickel cobaltite (NiCo 2 O 4 ) nanoneedles grown on three dimensional graphene networks have been successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal reaction with subsequent annealing treatment. The NiCo 2 O 4 /3DGN hybrid is then used as binder-free electrode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The three dimensional graphene based binder-free electrode is considered more desirable than powder nanostructures in terms of shorter Li + ion diffusion and electron transportation paths, good strain accommodation, better interfacial/chemical distributions and high electrical conductivity. As a result, when used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), it exhibits high specific discharge capacity as well as superior cycling stability up to 2000 cycles. When it is used for supercapacitor application, this hybrid delivers a high specific capacitance of 970 F g −1 at a high current density of 20 A g −1 with excellent capacitance retention of ∼96.5% after 3000 cycles. Moreover, this synthesis strategy is simple

  20. Characterization and magnetic properties of SrTi{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karaphun, Attaphol [Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 (Thailand); Hunpratub, Sitchai; Phokha, Sumalin [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Rajabhat Udon Thani University, Udon Thani 41000 (Thailand); Putjuso, Thanin [Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin Wang Klai Kangwon Campus, Prachuap Khiri Khan 77110 (Thailand); Swatsitang, Ekaphan, E-mail: ekaphan@kku.ac.th [Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 (Thailand); Nanotec-KKU Center of Excellence on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy Production and Storage, Khon Kaen 40002 (Thailand)

    2017-01-01

    SrTi{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) nanoparticles were prepared by the hydrothermal method. All as-prepared samples were annealed at 800 °C for 3 h in argon to study the annealing effect on their magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to study the crystalline structure, morphology, oxidation state and magnetic properties of samples. XRD results indicate a cubic perovskite structure of all samples with the impurity phase of SrCO{sub 3} in all as-prepared samples and Ni metal in annealed samples of x=0.10 and 0.15. SEM and TEM images confirmed a cubic shape for all samples with decreasing average particle sizes from 136.8±4.7 to 126.2±6.9 nm for annealed samples upon Ni doping. XANES results revealed the existence of Ni metal in sample of x=0.05 with the oxidation state of +2 for Ni ion in a SrTi{sub 0.95}Ni{sub 0.05}O{sub 3} sample. XPS results indicated the promotion of oxygen vacancies. VSM results revealed a paramagnetic behavior at room temperature of all as-prepared samples. Ni-doped samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior after annealing in argon with the Curie temperature (T{sub C}) above 380 K for a sample with x=0.05 as shown by field cooling (FC) and zero-field cooling (ZFC) measurements. The room temperature ferromagnetism (RT-FM) of ferromagnetic samples was suggested to be originated from Ni metal and F-center exchange (FCE) mechanism due to the promotion of oxygen vacancies in the perovskite structure.

  1. Effects of preparation method and active metal content on of Ni/kieselguhr catalyst activity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galuh Widiyarti; Wuryaningsih Sri Rahayu

    2010-01-01

    The preparation and the active metal content influence the activity of catalyst. Study has been conducted to see the activity of Ni/kieselguhr based on preparation method and Nickel (Ni) contents in the catalyst in the laboratory scale. The Ni/kieselguhr catalyst were prepared by impregnation and precipitation methods, with Ni active contents of 10, 20, and 30 % by weight. The catalysts characterization was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Catalysts activities were analyzed based on decreasing of iodine number from hydrogenation of crude palm oil for 2 hours. The activity tests results show that precipitation catalysts are more active than impregnation catalysts. The decreasing in iodine number of fatty acid after 2 hours of hydrogenation process using precipitation catalysts and impregnation catalysts are 51.53 and 21.85 %, respectively. In addition, the catalysts are more active with increasing Ni contents. (author)

  2. Effect of boron addition on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of MmNi3.8Co0.4Mn0.6Al0.2 electrode alloys prepared by casting and rapid quenching

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yanghuan; Chen Meiyan; Wang Xinlin; Wang Guoqing; Lin Yufang; Qi Yan

    2004-01-01

    The rapid quenching technology was used in the preparation of the MmNi 3.8 Co 0.4 Mn 0.6 Al 0.2 B x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) electrode alloys. The microstructures and electrochemical performances of the as-cast and quenched alloys were analysed and measured. The effects of boron additive on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of as-cast and quenched alloy MmNi 3.8 Co 0.4 Mn 0.6 Al 0.2 were investigated. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of as-cast MmNi 3.8 Co 0.4 Mn 0.6 Al 0.2 B x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloy is composed of CaCu 5 -type main phase and a small amount of CeCo 4 B-type secondary phase. The abundance of the secondary phase increases with the increase of the boron content x. The secondary phase in the alloys disappears when quenching rate is larger than 22 m/s. The electrochemical measurement showed that the addition of boron slightly modifies the activation performance and dramatically enhances the cycle life of the alloys, whereas it reduces the capacities of the as-cast and quenched alloys. The influence of boron additive on the electrochemical characteristics of the as-quenched alloy is much stronger than that on the as-cast alloy. It is because boron strongly promotes the formation of the amorphous phase in the as-quenched alloy

  3. Colloidal stability of Ni(OH₂ in water and its dispersion into a ceramic matrix from the reaction media to obtain Ni/Al₂O₃ materials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cabanas-Polo, S.

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Ni/Al₂O₃ composites have been fabricated by slip casting of concentrated Ni(OH₂/Al₂O₃ suspensions and subsequent in situ reduction to metallic nickel during sintering. For that, the synthesis assisted by ultrasound of both α- and β-Ni(OH₂ polymorphs, as well as their colloidal stability, have been studied. The structural differences between both polymorphs have been thoroughly studied by means of XRD, FTIR, DTA-TG, SSA, SEM and TEM, in order to optimize the starting suspensions. This way, the IEP of both polymorphs have been established (9.7 y 12 for β- and α-Ni(OH₂, respectively, as well as the optimal content of an anionic dispersant (PAA to stabilize the particles (0.8 wt. % for beta phase and 3.0 wt. % for alpha phase. Three different Ni/Al₂O₃ composites, with a high dispersion degree of the metallic phase, have been obtained considering the potential vs. particles distance curve of the Ni(OH₂, and their structure has been discussed in terms of the strength of the agglomerates and/or aggregates of the Ni(OH₂.La obtención de materiales compuestos Ni/Al₂O₃ se ha llevado a cabo mediante colaje en molde de escayola de suspensiones concentradas de Ni(OH₂/Al₂O₃ y su posterior reducción in situ para obtener la fase metálica. Para ello, se ha estudiado la síntesis asistida por ultrasonido de los polimorfos α- y β-Ni(OH₂, así como su comportamiento coloidal en medio acuoso. Las diferencias estructurales entre ambos polimorfos han sido estudiadas en detalle mediante XRD, FTIR, ATD-TG, SSA, MEB y MET, para poder optimizar las suspensiones de partida. De esta manera, se ha establecido el PIE de ambos polimorfos (9.7 y 12 para las fases β- y α-Ni(OH₂, respectivamente, así como el contenido óptimo de un dispersante aniónico (PAA para la estabilización de las partículas (0.8 % p/p para la fase beta y 3.0 % p/p para la fase alfa. Tres materiales compuestos Ni/Al₂O₃ diferentes, con un alto grado de

  4. Solubility of hydrogen in LaNi{sub 5}-, LaCo{sub 5}- und LaNi{sub 5-x}Co{sub x}-alloys; Die Wasserstoff-Loeslichkeit in LaNi{sub 5}-, LaCo{sub 5}- und LaNi{sub 5-x}Co{sub x}-Legierungen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schlotfeld, K.

    2004-07-01

    Hydrogen absorption isotherms of the alloys LaNi{sub 5}, LaNi{sub 4}Co, LaNi{sub 3}Co{sub 2} and LaCo{sub 5} were measured with an electronic microbalance between 313 and 533 K and between 0.01 and 120 bar. The unit cells of the binary alloys LaNi{sub 5} and LaCo{sub 5} contain a large number of interstitial sites of various kinds, which have to be considered for the occupation with hydrogen. Initially, the larger sites, which require the lowest energy, are filled. At rising concentrations the smaller sites associated with higher energy are successively entered. However, even at the highest hydrogen pressures of 1000 bar applied so far, most interstitial sites remain empty, due to an empirical rule which is theoretically well understood, that the dissolved hydrogen atoms cannot approach each other closer than the minimal distance of 0.21 nm. These conditions lead to a maximal hydrogen/metal ratio of 1.5 at 1000 bar and of roughly 1.2 at 150 bar. A statistical description of the two binary alloys has already been presented by Brodowsky, Yasuda, and Itagaki, which includes the energy differences of hydrogen in the various classes of sites. For the interpretation of the miscibility gaps below a critical temperature the influence of the volume expansion of the dissolved hydrogen on the excess functions was taken into account, similarly the shift of the Fermi energy of the system. In the ternary alloys, there is the complication that the energy of the sites is not is not equal within each group but that the levels have a distribution according to the number of Ni or Co atoms, respectively, around a particular interstitial site. Although this splitting up of the energy levels could not be treated quantitatively, it was very evident in the juxtaposition of the absorption isotherms of the various alloys. The measurements have shown, that the plateau pressure, which is important for the practical application of these alloys, is lowered in steps in the transition from LaNi

  5. Structural, magnetic and spectral properties of Gd and Dy co-doped dielectrically modified Co-Ni (Ni{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.6}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) ferrites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ditta, Allah [Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 (Pakistan); Khan, Muhammad Azhar, E-mail: azhar.khan@iub.edu.pk [Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 (Pakistan); Junaid, Muhammad, E-mail: junaid.malik95@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 (Pakistan); Khalil, R.M. Arif [Department of Physics, Sahiwal Sub-Campus Bahauddin Zakariya University, Sahiwal (Pakistan); Warsi, Muhammad Farooq [Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 (Pakistan)

    2017-02-15

    Gadolinium (Gd) and Dysprosium (Dy) co-doped Ni-Co (Ni{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.6}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) ferrites were prepared by micro-emulsion route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the development of cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameter and X-ray density were found to increase from 8.24 to 8.31 Å and 5.57 to 5.91 (gm/cm{sup 3}) respectively as the Gd-Dy contents increased in nickel-cobalt ferrites. The crystallite size calculated from the Scherrer's formula exhibited the formation of nanocrystalline ferrites (13–26 nm). Two foremost absorption bands observed in FTIR spectra within 400 cm{sup −1} (υ{sub 2}) to 600 cm{sup −1} (υ{sub 1}) which correspond to stretching vibrations of tetrahedral and octahedral complexes respectively. The dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tanδ) were decreased by the optimization of frequency and abrupt decrease in the low frequency region and higher values in the high frequency region were observed. The dielectric dispersion was due to rapid decrease of dielectric constant in the low frequency region. This variation of dielectric dispersion was explicated in the light of space charge polarization model of Maxwell-Wagner. The dielectric loss occurs in these ferrites due to electron hopping and defects in the dipoles. The electron hopping was possible at low frequency range but at higher frequency the dielectric loss was decreased with the decrease of electron hopping. Magnetic properties were observed by measuring M-H loops. Due to low dielectric loss and dielectric constant these materials were appropriate in the fabrication of switching and memory storage devices.

  6. The effect of hydrogen absorption on the electrical resistivities of SmCo5 and LaNi5 films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakaguchi, H.; Nagai, H.; Adachi, G.; Shiokawa, J.

    1985-01-01

    Many studies have been carried out to clarify the absorption mechanism of hydrogen with a bulk of hexagonal CaCu 5 -type intermetallic compounds, such as LaNi 5 . The studies on films, however, have been scarcely carried out because of the difficulty in preparing an intermetallic compound film owing to the difference in the vapour pressure of the component metals. Some homogeneous LaNi 5 films were obtained by the authors using the technique of flash evaporation. Then it was found that they do not pulverize during the hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle. Therefore, it has been possible to measure the electrical resistivity using such films. The objects of our study were to reveal the mechanism of hydrogen absorption through the electrical property, and to apply the film to the functional materials, for instance, a hydrogen separation film. The hydrogen separation was attempted by the authors using the LaNi 5 film. A SmCo 5 film was a suitable candidate because the mass of hydrogen contained in this film should be smaller than that in the LaNi 5 film. In this paper we present a study on the properties of SmCo 5 films under a hydrogen atmosphere, as well as on LaNi 5 films. (author)

  7. Preparation and electrical properties of Mn{sub 1.05−y}Co{sub 1.95−x−z−w}Ni{sub x}Mg{sub y}Al{sub z}Fe{sub w}O{sub 4} NTC ceramic derived from microemulsion method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xia, Junbo [Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices under Special Environments, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Zhao, Qing, E-mail: zhaoq@ms.xjb.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices under Special Environments, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011 (China); Gao, Bo [Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices under Special Environments, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Chang, Aimin, E-mail: changam@ms.xjb.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices under Special Environments, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011 (China); Zhang, Bo; Ma, Renjun [Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices under Special Environments, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi 830011 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)

    2014-04-05

    Highlights: • The NTC thermister nano-powders Mn{sub 1.05−y}Co{sub 1.95−x−z−w}Ni{sub x}Mg{sub y}Al{sub z}Fe{sub w}O{sub 4} were prepared by microemulsion method. • The metal ions were subsided after twice sediment reaction. • The specimens show good electrical properties by doping some nontransition metals. -- Abstract: The NTC thermistor nano-powders of Mn{sub 1.05−y}Co{sub 1.95−x−z−w}Ni{sub x}Mg{sub y}Al{sub z}Fe{sub w}O{sub 4} were prepared by microemulsion method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showed that the particles were well distributed. The mean particle-size was 72 nm. The structure of the precursor was investigated with Fourier infrared spectrometer (FI). The compositions of the powder and the as-sintered ceramic were evaluated by Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) result indicated that the sintered samples were in the spinel structure. The room temperature resistivity ρ{sub 25}, material constant B{sub 25/85} and activation energies of the NTC thermistor are in the range of 1173–19,059 Ω cm, 3169–3771 k, 0.2672–0.3136 eV. The room temperature resistivity and B{sub 25/85} constant were found to increase with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} content. The Mn{sub 0.9}Co{sub 1.2}Ni{sub 0.21}Mg{sub 0.15}Al{sub 0.09}Fe{sub 0.45}(A2) and Mn{sub 0.9}Co{sub 1.2}Ni{sub 0.27}Mg{sub 0.15}Al{sub 0.03}Fe{sub 0.45}(A3) specimens both showed a 200 °C resistance drift (ΔR/R) within 10% after aging at 910 °C for 600 h.

  8. Spin-Coating and Characterization of Multiferroic MFe2O4 (M=Co, Ni) / BaTiO3 Bilayers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quandt, Norman; Roth, Robert; Syrowatka, Frank; Steimecke, Matthias; Ebbinghaus, Stefan G.

    2016-01-01

    Bilayer films of MFe2O4 (M=Co, Ni) and BaTiO3 were prepared by spin coating of N,N-dimethylformamide/acetic acid solutions on platinum coated silicon wafers. Five coating steps were applied to get the desired thickness of 150 nm for both the ferrite and perovskite layer. XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of phase-pure ferrite spinels and BaTiO3. Smooth surfaces with roughnesses in the order of 3 to 5 nm were found in AFM investigations. Saturation magnetization of 347 emu cm-3 for the CoFe2O4/BaTiO3 and 188 emu cm-3 for the NiFe2O4/BaTiO3 bilayer, respectively were found. For the CoFe2O4/BaTiO3 bilayer a strong magnetic anisotropy was observed with coercivity fields of 5.1 kOe and 3.3 kOe (applied magnetic field perpendicular and parallel to film surface), while for the NiFe2O4/BaTiO3 bilayer this effect is less pronounced. Saturated polarization hysteresis loops prove the presence of ferroelectricity in both systems.

  9. Radioactive 63Ni in biological research

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kasprzak, K.S.; Sunderman, F.W. Jr.

    1979-01-01

    Applications of 63 Ni in biological research are reviewed, with emphasis upon recent investigations of nickel metabolism and toxicology in experimental animals. The radiochemistry of 63 Ni is summarized, including consideration of the preparation of certain 63 Ni compounds (e.g. 63 Ni(CO) 4 and 63 Ni 3 S 2 ) that are of current interest in toxicology, teratology and cancer research. Practical guidance is given regarding the detection and determination of 63 Ni in biological materials by autoradiography and liquid scintillation spectrometry. (author)

  10. GITT studies on oxide cathode LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 synthesized ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-08-26

    Aug 26, 2016 ... GITT studies on oxide cathode LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 synthesized by citric acid assisted high-energy ball milling ... The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science; The Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. ...

  11. Preparation and characterization of N-I co-doped nanocrystal anatase TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Liang; Deng Jian; Zhao Yubao; Liu Wanbing; An Lin; Chen Fei

    2009-01-01

    N-I co-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis method, using ammonia and iodic acid as the doping sources and Ti(OBu) 4 as the titanium source. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). XRD spectra show that N-I-TiO 2 samples calcined at 673 K for 3 h are of anatase structure. XPS analysis of N-I-TiO 2 samples indicates that some N atoms replace O atoms in TiO 2 lattice, and I exist in I 7+ , I - and I 5+ chemical states in the samples. UV-vis DRS results reveal that N-I-TiO 2 had significant optical absorption in the region of 400-600 nm. The photocatalytic activity of catalysts was evaluated by monitoring the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). Compared with P25 and mono-doped TiO 2 , N-I-TiO 2 powder shows higher photocatalytic activity under both visible-light (λ > 420 nm) and UV-vis light irradiation. Furthermore, N-I-TiO 2 also displays higher COD removal rate under UV-vis light irradiation.

  12. Hot corrosion of Co-Cr, Co-Cr-Al, and Ni-Cr alloys in the temperature range of 700-750 deg C

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiang, K. T.; Meier, G. H.

    1980-01-01

    The effect of SO3 pressure in the gas phase on the Na2SO4 induced hot corrosion of Co-Cr, Ni-Cr, and Co-Cr-Al alloys was studied in the temperature range 700 to 750 C. The degradation of the Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys was found to be associated with the formation of liquid mixed sulfates (CoSO4-Na2SO4 or NiSO4-Na2SO4) which provided a selective dissolution of the Co or Ni and a subsequent sulfidation oxidation mode of attack which prevented the maintenance of a protective Cr2O3 film. A clear mechanism was not developed for the degradation of Co-Cr-Al alloys. A pitting corrosion morphology was induced by a number of different mechanisms.

  13. Electroless Ni-P/Ni-B duplex coatings: preparation and evaluation of microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Narayanan, T.S.N. Sankara; Krishnaveni, K.; Seshadri, S.K.

    2003-01-01

    The present work deals with the formation of Ni-P/Ni-B duplex coatings by electroless plating process and evaluation of their hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The Ni-P/Ni-B duplex coatings were prepared using dual baths (acidic hypophosphite- and alkaline borohydride-reduced electroless nickel baths) with both Ni-P and Ni-B as inner layers and with varying single layer thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the duplex interface. The microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of electroless nickel duplex coatings were compared with electroless Ni-P and Ni-B coatings of similar thickness. The study reveals that the Ni-P and Ni-B coatings are amorphous in their as-plated condition and upon heat-treatment at 450 deg. C for 1 h, both Ni-P and Ni-B coatings crystallize and produce nickel, nickel phosphide and nickel borides in the respective coatings. All the three phases are formed when Ni-P/Ni-B and Ni-B/Ni-P duplex coatings are heat-treated at 450 deg. C for 1 h. The duplex coatings are uniform and the compatibility between the layers is good. The microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the duplex coating is higher than Ni-P and Ni-B coatings of similar thickness. Among the two types of duplex coatings studied, hardness and wear resistance is higher for coatings having Ni-B coating as the outer layer whereas better corrosion resistance is offered by coatings having Ni-P coating as the outer layer

  14. Experimental determination of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants and saturation magnetostriction constants of NiZn and NiZnCo ferrites intended to be used for antennas miniaturization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mattei, Jean-Luc; Le Guen, Emmanuel; Chevalier, Alexis; Tarot, Anne-Claude

    2015-01-01

    This study investigates the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants (K 1 ) and the saturation magnetostriction constants (λ S ) of Ni 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 (NiZn) and Ni 0.8−x Zn x Co 0.2 Fe 1.98 O 4−δ (NiZnCo) ferrites intended to be used for antenna downsizing. Composite materials constituted of soft ferrite nanosized particles (NiZn or NiZnCo ferrites) embedded in an epoxy matrix are realized. Measurements of their magnetic permeability in the frequency range of 200 MHz–6 GHz are performed. The influence of compressive stress (in the range of 32–96 MPa) on their Ferrimagnetic Resonance (FMR) is demonstrated. An analytical modeling of stress-induced FMR changes is proposed that allows simultaneous determinations of the Natural Ferrimagnetic Resonance (NFMR, F 0 ), K 1 and λ S of Ni 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 and Ni 0.8−x Zn x Co 0.2 Fe 1.98 O 4−δ ferrites. The obtained results for NiZn ferrites are in agreement with literature data, validating both the experimental process and the proposed modeling of the stress-induced FMR changes. Regarding NiZnCo ferrites, extended data on K 1 and λ S are presented for the first time. Increasing zinc content (x) induces a spin disorder that reduces in a same time K 1 and the magnetization at saturation M S . The rapid variation of K 1 (x) is related to that of the magnetization M S (x) through a power law. The single-ion anisotropy model allows a satisfactory interpretation of K 1 dependence on zinc content. The unexpected low values of λ S got for NiZnCo ferrites, compared to those got for NiZn ferrites, are also discussed. Application of compressive stress lowers noticeably magnetic losses of Ni 0.6 Zn 0.2 Co 0.2 Fe 1.98 O 4−δ at given frequency, thereby enhancing the ability of this spinel ferrite to be used as a substrate in the aim of antenna miniaturization. - Highlights: • We measure permeability of ferrite-based composites from 0.1 GHz to 6 GHz. • The influence of compressive stress on the FMR of

  15. Temperature dependence of magnetic properties of Cu80Co19Ni1 thin microwires

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia, C.; Zhukov, A.; Zhukova, V.; Larin, V.; Gonzalez, J.; Val, J.J. del; Knobel, M.

    2007-01-01

    In the present work, we report the studies of temperature dependence of magnetic properties in thin microwires with composition Cu 80 Co 19 Ni 1 . An extensive study of structural and magnetic characterization was realized. The structure was observed using X-ray diffraction with CuK α radiation. The magnetic measurements were carried out using a SQUID at temperatures between 5 and 300 K. The as-prepared Cu 80 Co 19 Ni 1 microwire presents a coercivity of about 80 Oe. The variation of the coercivity and remanent magnetization at 5-300 K were obtained from the hysteresis loops. From the difference of the ZFC and FC curves below T=100 K, we can assume the presence of small superparamagnetic grains embedded in the Cu matrix. Those superparamagnetic grains should be blocked at temperatures below the maximum of the magnetization observed below 50 K. The measurements show an unusual temperature dependence of the coercive field, consequence of a coexistence of blocked and unblocked particles, and the typical decreasing behaviour of the remanence increasing temperature

  16. Fabricating colloidal crystals and construction of ordered nanostructures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sun Zhiqiang

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available AbstractColloidal crystals of polymeric or inorganic microspheres are of extensive interest due to their potential applications in such as sensing, optics, photonic bandgap and surface patterning. The article highlights a set of approaches developed in our group, which are efficient to prepare colloidal crystals with ordered voids, patterned colloidal crystals on non-planar surfaces, heterogeneous colloidal crystals of different building blocks, colloidal crystals composed of non-spherical polyhedrons, and colloidal crystals of non-close-packed colloidal microspheres in particular. The use of these colloidal crystals as templates for different microstructures range from nanoscale to micron-scale is also summarized.

  17. Australasian microtektites: Impactor identification using Cr, Co and Ni ratios

    Science.gov (United States)

    Folco, L.; Glass, B. P.; D'Orazio, M.; Rochette, P.

    2018-02-01

    Impactor identification is one of the challenges of large-scale impact cratering studies due to the dilution of meteoritic material in impactites (typically ratios in a Co/Ni vs Cr/Ni space (46 microtektites analyzed in this work by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry and 31 from literature by means of Neutron Activation Analyses with Cr, Co and Ni concentrations up to ∼370, 50 and 680 μg/g, respectively). Despite substantial overlap in Cr/Ni versus Co/Ni composition for several meteorite types with chondritic composition (chondrites and primitive achondrites), regression calculation based on ∼85% of the studied microtektites best fit a mixing line between crustal compositions and an LL chondrite. However, due to some scatter mainly in the Cr versus Ni ratios in the considered dataset, an LL chondrite may not be the best fit to the data amongst impactors of primitive compositions. Eight high Ni/Cr and five low Ni/Cr outlier microtektites (∼15% in total) deviate from the above mixing trend, perhaps resulting from incomplete homogenization of heterogeneous impactor and target precursor materials at the microtektite scale, respectively. Together with previous evidence from the ∼35 Myr old Popigai impact spherules and the ∼1 Myr old Ivory Coast microtektites, our finding suggests that at least three of the five known Cenozoic distal impact ejecta were generated by the impacts of large stony asteroids of chondritic composition, and possibly of ordinary chondritic composition. The impactor signature found in Australasian microtektites documents mixing of target and impactor melts upon impact cratering. This requires target-impactor mixing in both the two competing models in literature for the formation of the Australasian tektites/microtektites: the impact cratering and low-altitude airburst plume models.

  18. Pseudo-elasticity and shape memory effect on the TiNiCoV alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, S.E.; Yeh, M.T.; Hsu, I.C.; Chang, S.K.; Dai, Y.C.; Wang, J.Y.

    2000-01-01

    Unlike most of the structural intermetallic compound, TiNi is an exceptional case of inherent ductility. Besides its amusing behavior of high damping capacity due to martensitic transformation, the duel properties of shape memory and pseudo-elasticity co-exhibited in the same V and Co-modified TiNi-SMA at various temperature will attract another attention in modern manufacturing technology. The objective of this paper is to investigate the pseudo-elasticity and strain rate effect on TiNiCoV-SMA. The presence of dual behavior of super-elasticity and shape memory effect is technological significant for application of advanced materials on the structural component. An illustration of application of TiNiCoV shape memory alloy on the face of golf club head will be presented in this paper. (orig.)

  19. Forming a structure of the CoNiFe alloys by X-ray irradiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valko, Natalia; Kasperovich, Andrey; Koltunowicz, Tomasz N.

    The experimental data of electrodeposition kinetics researches and structure formation of ternary CoNiFe alloys deposited onto low-carbon steel 08kp in the presence of X-rays are presented. Relations of deposit rate, current efficiencies, element and phase compositions of CoNiFe coatings formed from sulfate baths with respect to cathode current densities (0.5-3A/dm2), electrolyte composition and irradiation were obtained. It is shown that, the CoNiFe coatings deposited by the electrochemical method involving exposure of the X-rays are characterized by more perfect morphology surfaces with less developed surface geometry than reference coatings. The effect of the X-ray irradiation on the electrodeposition of CoNiFe coatings promotes formatting of alloys with increased electropositive component and modified phase composition.

  20. Effect of Si and Co on the crystallization of Al-Ni-RE amorphous alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, S.H. [Key Lab of Liquid structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, South Campus of Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Bian, X.F. [Key Lab of Liquid structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, South Campus of Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfbian@sdu.edu.cn

    2008-04-03

    Crystallization of Al{sub 83}Ni{sub 10}Si{sub 2}Ce{sub 5}, Al{sub 85}Ni{sub 10}Ce{sub 5}, Al{sub 87}Ni{sub 7}Nd{sub 6} and Al{sub 87}Ni{sub 5}Co{sub 2}Nd{sub 6} amorphous alloys has been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The multiple transition metal (TM) (containing metalloid element) have significant effect on the crystallization behavior. A small addition of Si transforms a eutectic crystallization (Al{sub 85}Ni{sub 10}Ce{sub 5}) to a primary crystallization (Al{sub 83}Ni{sub 10}Si{sub 2}Ce{sub 5}); while a small addition of Co transforms a primary crystallization (Al{sub 87}Ni{sub 7}Nd{sub 6}) to a eutectic crystallization (Al{sub 87}Ni{sub 5}Co{sub 2}Nd{sub 6}). In addition, the activation energies for crystallization (E{sub a}) are obtained to be 191, 290, 221 and 166 kJ/mol for the Al{sub 83}Ni{sub 10}Si{sub 2}Ce{sub 5}, Al{sub 85}Ni{sub 10}Ce{sub 5}, Al{sub 87}Ni{sub 5}Co{sub 2}Nd{sub 6} and Al{sub 87}Ni{sub 7}Nd{sub 6} amorphous alloys based on the Kissinger method, respectively. It is found that the primary crystallization of fcc-Al is characteristic of a lower E{sub a}, as compared with eutectic crystallization.

  1. A Novel Nanomaterial of Graphene Oxide Dotted with Ni Nanoparticles Produced by Supercritical CO2-Assisted Deposition for Reducing Friction and Wear.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meng, Yuan; Su, Fenghua; Chen, Yangzhi

    2015-06-03

    Graphene oxide dotted with nickel nanoparticles (Sc-Ni/GO) was synthesized by chemical deposition with the assistance of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The deposited Ni nanoparticles with diameters less than 5 nm are uniformly anchored on the surfaces of GO nanosheets. The as-prepared Sc-Ni/GO composites were employed as lubricating additives in paraffin oil and their tribological properties were tested using a four-ball tribometer. The results demonstrate that the Sc-Ni/GO composites are efficient lubricant additives. Adding 0.08 wt % Sc-Ni/GO into paraffin oil can reduce the friction coefficient and wear scar diameter by 32 and 42%, respectively, in comparison with the pure oil. In addition, Sc-Ni/GO composites exhibit superior lubricating performances than nano-Ni, GO nanosheets, and Ni/GO composites produced without the aid of scCO2. Such excellent lubricating properties of the Sc-Ni/GO composites derive from the synergistic lubricating actions of Ni nanoparticles and GO nanosheets during the rubbing process. The synergistic lubricating actions are closely related to the microstructure of the nanocomposites and the characteristic features of transfer film formed on the contact steel balls. The anchored Ni nanoparticles with smaller size and more uniform distribution on GO surfaces and the thin transfer film formed on the contact balls favor the full play of the synergistic actions.

  2. Correlation between Crystallographic and Magnetic Domains at Co/NiO(001) Interfaces

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ohldag, H.; van der Laan, G.; Arenholz, E.

    2008-12-18

    Using soft x-ray spectromicroscopy we show that NiO(001) exhibits a crystallographic and magnetic domain structure near the surface identical to that of the bulk. Upon Co deposition a perpendicular coupling between the Ni and Co moments is observed that persists even after formation of uncompensated Ni spins at the interface through annealing. The chemical composition at the interface alters its crystallographic structure and leads to a reorientation of the Ni moments from the <112> to the <110> direction. We show that this reorientation is driven by changes in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy rather than exchange coupling mediated by residual uncompensated spins.

  3. Perovskites with noble metals of type Ba/sub 3/BM/sub 2/O/sub 9/; B = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd; M = Ru, Ir

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Treiber, U; Kemmler-Sack, S; Ehmann, A [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

    1982-04-01

    The perovskites Ba/sub 3/BM/sub 2/O/sub 9/ crystallize in a hexagonal BaTiO/sub 3/ structure and could be prepared for M = Ru; B = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd and M = Ir; B = Co, Ni. According to intensity calculations on powder data of Ba/sub 3/MgRu/sub 2/O/sub 9/ and Ba/sub 3/NiIr/sub 2/O/sub 9/ (refined intensity related R' value 6.7% (Ba/sub 3/MgRu/sub 2/O/sub 9/) and 6.9% (Ba/sub 3/NiIr/sub 2/O/sub 9/)) an 1:2 order is present and both lattices contain face connected M/sub 2/O/sub 9/ double octahedra linked by another via common corners through BO/sub 6/ single octahedra. The occurrence of this typ of cationic order results for B = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd from the analysis of the vibrational spectra. For B = Mg, Zn, Cd and presumable with B = Ni the charge distribution is B/sup 2 +// 2 M/sup 5 +/; for B = Co deviation can not be excluded. On the opposite in Ba/sub 3/FeRu/sub 2/O/sub 9/ an electron delocalisation is present.

  4. Preparation of Fe–Si–Ni soft magnetic composites with excellent high-frequency properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu, Wei; Wu, Chen, E-mail: chen_wu@zju.edu.cn; Yan, Mi, E-mail: mse_yanmi@zju.edu.cn

    2015-05-01

    Fe–Si–Ni powders were firstly prepared into soft magnetic composites (SMCs) by ball milling, surface passivation and subsequent compaction. The morphology, phase composition, and magnetic properties of the Fe–Si–Ni powders and their high-frequency performance as SMCs were investigated. The Fe–Si–Ni powders, with saturation magnetization (M{sub s}) of 254.40 emu/g after annealing, were milled down to particle sizes ranging from 40 μm to 150 μm. Surface passivation of the powders was carried out with 0.2–1.0 wt% phosphoric acid solution prior to compaction. Evolution of the high-frequency properties for the Fe–Si–Ni SMCs with the passivator concentration and the molding pressure was studied. With optimized preparation parameters, high saturation flux density (B{sub s}) of 1.23 T, stable permeability, and superior dc-bias property with a percentage permeability above 70% while H=50 Oe were achieved for the Fe–Si–Ni SMC. Minimum core loss (285 mW/cm{sup 3}) was also measured at 50 kHz for B{sub m}=50 mT. - Highlights: • Fe–Si–Ni as a new type of magnetic powder has been prepared into soft magnetic composites. • Effective surface passivation of the Fe–Si–Ni powders can be achieved by phosphate treatment. • Influence of the passivator concentration and molding pressure has been investigated. • The obtained Fe–Si–Ni soft magnetic composites exhibit excellent high-frequency performance.

  5. Electronic structures and stability of Ni/Bi2Te3 and Co/Bi2Te3 interfaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiong Ka; Wang Weichao; Alshareef, Husam N; Gupta, Rahul P; Gnade, Bruce E; Cho, Kyeongjae; White, John B

    2010-01-01

    We investigate the electronic structures and stability for Ni/Bi 2 Te 3 , NiTe/Bi 2 Te 3 , Co/Bi 2 Te 3 and CoTe 2 /Bi 2 Te 3 interfaces by first-principles calculations. It is found that the surface termination strongly affects the band alignment. Ni and Co are found to form Ohmic contacts to Bi 2 Te 3 . The interface formation energy for Co/Bi 2 Te 3 interfaces is much lower than that of Ni/Bi 2 Te 3 interfaces. Furthermore, we found that NiTe on Bi 2 Te 3 is more stable than Ni, while the formation energies for Co and CoTe 2 on Bi 2 Te 3 are comparable.

  6. Cell-compatible conducting polyaniline films prepared in colloidal dispersion mode.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kašpárková, Věra; Humpolíček, Petr; Capáková, Zdenka; Bober, Patrycja; Stejskal, Jaroslav; Trchová, Miroslava; Rejmontová, Petra; Junkar, Ita; Lehocký, Marián; Mozetič, Miran

    2017-09-01

    Conducting polyaniline can be prepared and modified using several procedures, all of which can significantly influence its applicability in different fields of biomedicine or biotechnology. The modifications of surface properties are crucial with respect to the possible applications of this polymer in tissue engineering or as biosensors. Innovative technique for preparing polyaniline films via in-situ polymerization in colloidal dispersion mode using four stabilizers (poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone; sodium dodecylsulfate; Tween 20 and Pluronic F108) was developed. The surface energy, conductivity, spectroscopic features, and cell compatibility of thin polyaniline films were determined using contact-angle measurement, the van der Pauw method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and assay conducted on mouse fibroblasts, respectively. The stabilizers significantly influenced not only the surface and electrical properties of the films but also their cell compatibility. Sodium dodecylsulfate seems preferentially to combine both the high conductivity and good cell compatibility. Moreover, the films with sodium dodecylsulfate were non-irritant for skin, which was confirmed by their in-vitro exposure to the 3D-reconstructed human tissue model. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Mace-like hierarchical MoS2/NiCo2S4 composites supported by carbon fiber paper: An efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Lan; Wang, Tao; Zhang, Long; Sun, Yunjin; Xu, Kewei; Dai, Zhengfei; Ma, Fei

    2018-02-01

    The rational design and preparation of earth-abundant, stable and efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production is currently the subject in extensive scientific and technological researches toward the future of a clean-energy society. Herein, a mace-like MoS2/NiCo2S4 hierarchical structure is designed and synthesized on carbon fiber paper via a facile hydrothermal method, and evaluated as electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. In the MoS2/NiCo2S4/carbon fiber paper hierarchical structures, MoS2 nanosheets are dispersively distributed on the surface of NiCo2S4 nanowires, which provides an enlarged surface area, abundant interfaces and catalytic active sites. As for hydrogen evolution reaction, such MoS2/NiCo2S4/carbon fiber paper heterostructures give rise to a hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic current density of 10 mA cm-2 with a lower overpotential of 139 mV and a smaller Tafel slope of 37 mV·dec-1 than those of MoS2/carbon fiber paper and NiCo2S4/carbon fiber paper counterparts, exhibiting a prominent electrocatalytic performance. Moreover, the electrocatalytic properties change little after 5000 CV cycles and continual electrolysis for 12 h without obvious decay, respectively, demonstrating high durability and stability. The excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performances endow the hierarchical configuration MoS2/NiCo2S4/carbon fiber paper with promising alternative in HER and other related renewable energy fields.

  8. The Interaction between Zein and Lecithin in Ethanol-Water Solution and Characterization of Zein?Lecithin Composite Colloidal Nanoparticles

    OpenAIRE

    Dai, Lei; Sun, Cuixia; Wang, Di; Gao, Yanxiang

    2016-01-01

    Lecithin, a naturally small molecular surfactant, which is widely used in the food industry, can delay aging, enhance memory, prevent and treat diabetes. The interaction between zein and soy lecithin with different mass ratios (20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2) in ethanol-water solution and characterisation of zein and lecithin composite colloidal nanoparticles prepared by antisolvent co-precipitation method were investigated. The mean size of zein-lecithin composite colloidal nanoparti...

  9. Dynamic and rate-dependent yielding behavior of Co{sub 0.9}Ni{sub 0.1} microcluster based magnetorheological fluids

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Arief, Injamamul; Mukhopadhyay, P.K., E-mail: pkm@bose.res.in

    2016-01-01

    In this paper we performed steady shear and oscillatory magnetorheological (MR) studies in magnetic fluids containing CoNi sub-micron sized clusters of 450 nm in diameter. Such Co-rich nanoclusters were synthesized by conventional homogeneous nucleation without any external surfactant or reducing agent in liquid polyol at elevated temperature. The x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies were done for analyzing the sample composition and morphology. Two variants of fluid samples were prepared by dispersing 15 vol% and 20 vol% of CoNi powders in castor oil. Room temperature steady magnetoshear studies indicate viscoplastic behavior with stronger dependence of static yield stress on magnetization than a dipolar coupling that was operational in the dynamic yield stress. Magnetosweep measurements at constant shear rate showed interesting viscous relaxation at high magnetic fields. We also explored dynamical elastic behavior through oscillatory magnetorheological studies under both strain sweep and frequency sweep modes, and showed glass transition like phenomenon occurring in them above critical shear amplitudes. - Highlights: • A typical polymer/surfactant free polyol reduction method was used to synthesize large-scale Co{sub 0.9}Ni{sub 0.1} nanoclusters. • Room temperature rate-dependent magnetorheology of CoNi-nanoclusters based MR fluids revealed viscoplastic behavior. • Magnetic fields were replaced by powder particle magnetization (M) for better yield stress scaling. • In addition to previously reported M{sup 2}-dependence, higher order relations (~M{sup 3}) were also noted for static yield stress. • An interesting viscous relaxation phenomenon occurred at higher magnetic fields.

  10. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Nickel Diselenide NiSe2 from the Decomposition of Nickel Acetate, (CH3CO22Ni

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ming Yin

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Solution processed NiSe2 nanorods were synthesized by a modified colloidal synthesis technique, by chemical reaction of TOPSe and nickel acetate at 150°C. The rods exist as an oleic acid ligand stabilized solution, with oleic acid acting as a capping group. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicates that the particles are rod-like shaped crystals with a high and relatively constant aspect ratio (30 : 1. TEM shows that the width and the length of the nanorods are in the range 10–20 nm and 300–350 nm, respectively. XRD indicates that the nanorods are pure and well crystallized. The size of nanorods based on the Debye-Scherrer effect, was 150 nm, the average value of length and width. They display thermal stability over prolonged heating times (<100 hours at 150°C, for which the average particle size is roughly constant. After about 100 hours of heating time there is an onset and growth of micron sized cubes and concurrent decomposition of NiSe2 to Ni and NiSe at 150°C.

  11. Microwave absorption property of the diatomite coated by Fe-CoNiP films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yan, Zhenqiang; Cai, Jun; Xu, Yonggang; Zhang, Deyuan

    2015-08-01

    A bio-absorbent of Fe-CoNiP coated on the diatomite was fabricated by way of electroless plating of CoNiP and subsequent chemical vapor deposition of Fe. The surface morphology and composition of the above-mentioned diatomite particles at different stage were characterized with the scanning electron microscopy and the energy spectrum analysis respectively, and the results showed that the diatomite was successfully coated with CoNoP and Fe (carbony iron). The complex permittivity and permeability of composites filled with the bio-absorbent and paraffin was measured in frequency range of 2-18 GHz, and then the microwave reflection loss (RL) and the shielding effectiveness (SE) were calculated. The results showed that the permittivity and the permeability were both enlarged as Fe films were coated onto the CoNiP-coated diatomite, which was attributed to the excellent electromagnetic property of carbonyl irons. The composites made with the Fe-CoNiP diatomite had a better absorbing property (minimum RL -11.0 dB) as well as the shielding property (maximum SE 5.6 dB) at thickness 2 mm. It indicated the absorption property was mainly due to the attenuation on the microwave, and the Fe-CoNiP diatomite could be an effective absorbent with low-density.

  12. Deep Drawing Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bae, Jae Wung; Moon, Jongun; Jang, Min Ji; Ahn, Dong-Hyun; Joo, Soo-Hyun; Jung, Jaimyun; Yim, Dami; Kim, Hyoung Seop

    2017-09-01

    Herein, the deep drawability and deep drawing behavior of an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA and its microstructure and texture evolution are first studied for future applications. The CoCrFeMnNi HEA is successfully drawn to a limit drawing ratio (LDR) of 2.14, while the planar anisotropy of the drawn cup specimen is negligible. The moderate combination of strain hardening exponent and strain rate sensitivity and the formation of deformation twins in the edge region play important roles in successful deep drawing. In the meanwhile, the texture evolution of CoCrFeMnNi HEA has similarities with conventional fcc metals.

  13. General Approach to Prepare 0.33Li₂MnO₃ · 0.67LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ Hollow Microspheres for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jingfa; Xu, Wenjin; Zhang, Lei; Li, Min

    2018-06-01

    Li-excess manganese-based oxide layered structures, have drawn increasing interests as the promising cathodes to succeed the conventional LiCoO2 in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). It could deliver a higher energy density and output potential, as well as the nature of environment benign and low cost. Pristine Li-excess manganese-based oxides however suffer from poor rate capacity and voltage fading after cycling, and their inherent capacity limits of bulk size in performance. Micro-/Nanostructured electrode materials are considered to hold the key to overcome these thresholds. This paper reports a general approach to prepare 0.33Li2MnO3 · 0.67LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 microspheres with pores and void space, which benefits improving both the capacity and cyclability. The electrode made of hollow 0.33Li2MnO3 · 0.67LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 microspheres exhibits a 224 mAh g-1 discharge capacity over 200 cycles at 0.25 C rate, and 195 mAh g-1 at 5.0 C rate. These results indicated good perspective of hollow microspheres for practical battery applications.

  14. Three-Dimensional Hierarchical NixCo1-xO/NiyCo2-yP@C Hybrids on Nickel Foam for Excellent Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shao, Yubo; Zhao, Yongqing; Li, Hua; Xu, Cailing

    2016-12-28

    Active materials and special structures of the electrode have decisive influence on the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Ni x Co 1-x O/Ni y Co 2-y P@C (denoted as NiCoOP@C) hybrids have been successfully prepared by a phosphorization treatment of hierarchical Ni x Co 1-x O@C grown on nickel foam. The resulting NiCoOP@C hybrids exhibit an outstanding specific capacitance and cycle performance because they couple the merits of the superior cycling stability of Ni x Co 1-x O, the high specific capacitance of Ni y Co 2-y P, the mechanical stability of carbon layer, and the 3D hierarchical structure. The specific capacitance of 2638 F g -1 can be obtained at the current density of 1 A g -1 , and even at the current density of 20 A g -1 , the NiCoOP@C electrode still possesses a specific capacitance of 1144 F g -1 . After 3000 cycles at 10 A g -1 , 84% of the initial specific capacitance is still remained. In addition, an asymmetric ultracapacitor (ASC) is assembled through using NiCoOP@C hybrids as anode and activated carbon as cathode. The as-prepared ASC obtains a maximum energy density of 39.4 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 394 W kg -1 and still holds 21 Wh kg -1 at 7500 W kg -1 .

  15. Experimental determination of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants and saturation magnetostriction constants of NiZn and NiZnCo ferrites intended to be used for antennas miniaturization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mattei, Jean-Luc, E-mail: mattei@univ-brest.fr [Lab-STICC, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 (France); Le Guen, Emmanuel, E-mail: emmanuel.leguen@hotmail.fr [Lab-STICC, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 (France); IETR, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France); Chevalier, Alexis, E-mail: alexis.chevalier@univ-brest.fr [Lab-STICC, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 (France); Tarot, Anne-Claude, E-mail: anne-claude.tarot@univ-rennes1.fr [IETR, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)

    2015-01-15

    This study investigates the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants (K{sub 1}) and the saturation magnetostriction constants (λ{sub S}) of Ni{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (NiZn) and Ni{sub 0.8−x}Zn{sub x}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 1.98}O{sub 4−δ} (NiZnCo) ferrites intended to be used for antenna downsizing. Composite materials constituted of soft ferrite nanosized particles (NiZn or NiZnCo ferrites) embedded in an epoxy matrix are realized. Measurements of their magnetic permeability in the frequency range of 200 MHz–6 GHz are performed. The influence of compressive stress (in the range of 32–96 MPa) on their Ferrimagnetic Resonance (FMR) is demonstrated. An analytical modeling of stress-induced FMR changes is proposed that allows simultaneous determinations of the Natural Ferrimagnetic Resonance (NFMR, F{sub 0}), K{sub 1} and λ{sub S} of Ni{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Ni{sub 0.8−x}Zn{sub x}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 1.98}O{sub 4−δ} ferrites. The obtained results for NiZn ferrites are in agreement with literature data, validating both the experimental process and the proposed modeling of the stress-induced FMR changes. Regarding NiZnCo ferrites, extended data on K{sub 1} and λ{sub S} are presented for the first time. Increasing zinc content (x) induces a spin disorder that reduces in a same time K{sub 1} and the magnetization at saturation M{sub S}. The rapid variation of K{sub 1}(x) is related to that of the magnetization M{sub S}(x) through a power law. The single-ion anisotropy model allows a satisfactory interpretation of K{sub 1} dependence on zinc content. The unexpected low values of λ{sub S} got for NiZnCo ferrites, compared to those got for NiZn ferrites, are also discussed. Application of compressive stress lowers noticeably magnetic losses of Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.2}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 1.98}O{sub 4−δ} at given frequency, thereby enhancing the ability of this spinel ferrite to be used as a substrate in the aim of antenna

  16. Electronic structures and stability of Ni/Bi2Te3 and Co/Bi2Te3 interfaces

    KAUST Repository

    Xiong, Ka; Wang, Weichao; Alshareef, Husam N.; Gupta, Rahul P.; White, John B.; Gnade, Bruce E.; Cho, Kyeongjae

    2010-01-01

    We investigate the electronic structures and stability for Ni/Bi 2Te3, NiTe/Bi2Te3, Co/Bi 2Te3 and CoTe2/Bi2Te3 interfaces by first-principles calculations. It is found that the surface termination strongly affects the band alignment. Ni and Co are found to form Ohmic contacts to Bi2Te3. The interface formation energy for Co/Bi2Te3 interfaces is much lower than that of Ni/Bi2Te3 interfaces. Furthermore, we found that NiTe on Bi2Te3 is more stable than Ni, while the formation energies for Co and CoTe2 on Bi2Te3 are comparable. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.

  17. Electronic structures and stability of Ni/Bi2Te3 and Co/Bi2Te3 interfaces

    KAUST Repository

    Xiong, Ka

    2010-03-04

    We investigate the electronic structures and stability for Ni/Bi 2Te3, NiTe/Bi2Te3, Co/Bi 2Te3 and CoTe2/Bi2Te3 interfaces by first-principles calculations. It is found that the surface termination strongly affects the band alignment. Ni and Co are found to form Ohmic contacts to Bi2Te3. The interface formation energy for Co/Bi2Te3 interfaces is much lower than that of Ni/Bi2Te3 interfaces. Furthermore, we found that NiTe on Bi2Te3 is more stable than Ni, while the formation energies for Co and CoTe2 on Bi2Te3 are comparable. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.

  18. Structure investigations of ferromagnetic Co-Ni-Al alloys obtained by powder metallurgy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maziarz, W; Dutkiewicz, J; Lityńska-Dobrzyńska, L; Santamarta, R; Cesari, E

    2010-03-01

    Elemental powders of Co, Ni and Al in the proper amounts to obtain Co(35)Ni(40)Al(25) and Co(40)Ni(35)Al(25) nominal compositions were ball milled in a high-energy mill for 80 h. After 40 h of milling, the formation of a Co (Ni, Al) solid solution with f.c.c. structure was verified by a change of the original lattice parameter and crystallite size. Analytical transmission electron microscopy observations and X-ray diffraction measurements of the final Co (Ni, Al) solid solution showed that the crystallite size scattered from 4 to 8 nm and lattice parameter a = 0.36086 nm. The chemical EDS point analysis of the milled powder particles allowed the calculation of the e/a ratio and revealed a high degree of chemical homogeneity of the powders. Hot pressing in vacuum of the milled powders resulted in obtaining compacts with a density of about 70% of the theoretical one. An additional heat treatment increased the density and induced the martensitic transformation in a parent phase. Selected area diffraction patterns and dark field images obtained from the heat-treated sample revealed small grains around 300 nm in diameter consisting mainly of the ordered gamma phase (gamma'), often appearing as twins, and a small amount of the L1(0) ordered martensite.

  19. Hierarchical Core/Shell NiCo2O4@NiCo2O4 Nanocactus Arrays with Dual-functionalities for High Performance Supercapacitors and Li-ion Batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Jinbing; Lu, Yang; Qiu, Kangwen; Yan, Hailong; Xu, Jinyou; Han, Lei; Liu, Xianming; Luo, Jingshan; Kim, Jang-Kyo; Luo, Yongsong

    2015-07-01

    We report the synthesis of three dimensional (3D) NiCo2O4@NiCo2O4 nanocactus arrays grown directly on a Ni current collector using a facile solution method followed by electrodeposition. They possess a unique 3D hierarchical core-shell structure with large surface area and dual-functionalities that can serve as electrodes for both supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As the SC electrode, they deliver a remarkable specific capacitance of 1264 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1 and ~93.4% of capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1. When used as the anode for LIBs, a high reversible capacity of 925 mA h g-1 is achieved at a rate of 120 mA g-1 with excellent cyclic stability and rate capability. The ameliorating features of the NiCo2O4 core/shell structure grown directly on highly conductive Ni foam, such as hierarchical mesopores, numerous hairy needles and a large surface area, are responsible for the fast electron/ion transfer and large active sites which commonly contribute to the excellent electrochemical performance of both the SC and LIB electrodes.

  20. Alloy composition dependence of formation of porous Ni prepared by rapid solidification and chemical dealloying

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qi Zhen [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China); Zhang Zhonghua [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: zh_zhang@sdu.edu.cn; Jia Haoling [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China); Qu Yingjie [Shandong Labor Occupational Technology College, Jingshi Road 388, Jinan 250022 (China); Liu Guodong; Bian Xiufang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China)

    2009-03-20

    In this paper, the effect of alloy composition on the formation of porous Ni catalysts prepared by chemical dealloying of rapidly solidified Al-Ni alloys has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and N{sub 2} adsorption experiments. The experimental results show that rapid solidification and alloy composition have a significant effect on the phase constituent and microstructure of Al-Ni alloys. The melt spun Al-20 at.% Ni alloy consists of {alpha}-Al, NiAl{sub 3} and Ni{sub 2}Al{sub 3}, while the melt spun Al-25 and 31.5 at.% Ni alloys comprise NiAl{sub 3} and Ni{sub 2}Al{sub 3}. Moreover, the formation and microstructure of the porous Ni catalysts are dependent upon the composition of the melt spun Al-Ni alloys. The morphology and size of Ni particles in the Ni catalysts inherit from those of grains in the melt spun Al-Ni alloys. Rapid solidification can extend the alloy composition of Al-Ni alloys suitable for preparation of the Ni catalysts, and obviously accelerate the dealloying process of the Al-Ni alloys.

  1. Electrochemical performance of 3D porous Ni-Co oxide with electrochemically exfoliated graphene for asymmetric supercapacitor applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Dae Kyom; Hwang, Minsik; Ko, Dongjin; Kang, Jeongmin; Seong, Kwang-dong; Piao, Yuanzhe

    2017-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The paper reported the Ni-Co oxide/electrochemically exfoliated graphene nanocomposites with 3D porous nano-architectures (NC-EEG) using a simple low temperature solution method combined with a thermal annealing treatment. 3D porous architectures provide large surface areas and shorten electron diffusion pathways for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Display Omitted -- Highlights: •A simple low temperature solution method was used for preparing NC-EEG. •Graphene sheets were obtained by electrochemically exfoliation process. •A high capacity of NC-EEG in a three-electrode system, as high as 649 C g −1 , was recorded. •Asymmetric supercapacitor based on NC-EEG exhibited excellent energy density and power density. -- Abstract: Ni-Co oxide, one of the binary metal oxides, has many advantages for use in high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials due to its relatively high electronic conductivity and improved electrochemical performance. In this work, Ni-Co oxide/electrochemically exfoliated graphene nanocomposites (NC-EEG) are successfully synthesized using a simple low temperature solution method combined with a thermal annealing treatment. Graphene sheets are directly obtained by an electrochemical exfoliation process with graphite foil, which is very simple, environmentally friendly, and has a relatively short reaction time. This electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) can improve the electrical conductivity of the Ni-Co oxide nanostructures. The as-prepared NC-EEG nanocomposites have 3D porous architectures that can provide large surface areas and shorten electron diffusion pathways. Electrochemical properties were performed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge in a 6 M KOH electrolyte. The NC-EEG nanocomposites exhibited a high capacity value of 649 C g −1 at a current density of 1.0 A g −1 . The asymmetric supercapacitors, manufactured on the basis of NC-EEG nanocomposites as a positive

  2. Giant magnetocaloric effect in isostructural MnNiGe-CoNiGe system by establishing a Curie-temperature window

    KAUST Repository

    Liu, E. K.; Zhang, H. G.; Xu, G. Z.; Zhang, X. M.; Ma, R. S.; Wang, W. H.; Chen, J. L.; Zhang, H. W.; Wu, G. H.; Feng, L.; Zhang, Xixiang

    2013-01-01

    An effective scheme of isostructural alloying was applied to establish a Curie-temperature window in isostructural MnNiGe-CoNiGe system. With the simultaneous accomplishment of decreasing structural-transition temperature and converting

  3. Microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Ni{sub 1.5}Co{sub 1.5}S{sub 4} as high-performance electrode material for lithium storage

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yuan, Dongxia; Wang, Xuxu; Yin, Dongming [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 (China); Liang, Fei [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022 (China); Wang, Limin, E-mail: lmwang@ciac.ac.cn [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022 (China)

    2017-08-31

    Highlights: • Bimetallic nickel cobalt sulfide (Ni{sub 1.5}Co{sub 1.5}S{sub 4}) was prepared by an ultrafast microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. • The Ni{sub 1.5}Co{sub 1.5}S{sub 4} was studied as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries in the ether-based electrolyte in the voltage range of 1.0–3.0 V,. • Compared with its corresponding single metal sulfides, the Ni{sub 1.5}Co{sub 1.5}S{sub 4} exhibits superior electrochemical performance for lithium storage. - Abstract: Bimetallic nickel cobalt sulfide (Ni{sub 1.5}Co{sub 1.5}S{sub 4}) is successfully fabricated by an ultrafast and cost-effective microwave assisted hydrothermal method. When used as electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, Ni{sub 1.5}Co{sub 1.5}S{sub 4} exhibits the remarkable electrochemical performance in terms of superior cycling stability, excellent specific capacity and good rate capability. A high specific capacity of 443 mA h g{sup −1} after 200 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g{sup −1} is achieved. Even at 1 A g{sup −1}, the sample still delivers a discharge capacity of 386 mA h g{sup −1} with a high columbic efficiency of 99.6% after 500 cycles.

  4. Ultrathin porous NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays on flexible carbon fabric for high-performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Du, Jun; Zhou, Gang; Zhang, Haiming; Cheng, Chao; Ma, Jianmin; Wei, Weifeng; Chen, Libao; Wang, Taihong

    2013-08-14

    NiCo2O4 with higher specific capacitance is an excellent pseudocapacitive material. However, the bulk NiCo2O4 material prevents the achievement of high energy desity and great rate performance due to the limited electroactive surface area. In this work, NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays were deposited on flexible carbon fabric (CF) as a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors. The NiCo2O4 arrays were constructed by interconnected ultrathin nanosheets (10 nm) with many interparticle pores. The porous feature of NiCo2O4 nanosheets increases the amount of electroactive sites and facilitates the electrolyte penetration. Hence, the NiCo2O4/CF composites exhibited a high specific capacitance of 2658 F g(-1) (2 A g(-1)), good rate performance, and superior cycling life, suggesting the NiCo2O4/CF is a promising electrode material for flexible electrochemical capacitors.

  5. Cobalt and cerium coated Ni powder as a new candidate cathode material for MCFC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Min Hyuk; Hong, Ming Zi; Kim, Young-Suk; Park, Eunjoo; Lee, Hyunsuk; Ha, Hyung-Wook; Kim, Keon

    2006-01-01

    The dissolution of nickel oxide cathode in the electrolyte is one of the major technical obstacles to the commercialization of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). To improve the MCFC cathode stability, the alternative cathode material for MCFC was prepared, which was made of Co/Ce-coated on the surface of Ni powder using a polymeric precursor based on the Pechini method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) were employed in characterization of the alternative cathode materials. The Co/Ce-coated Ni cathode prepared by the tape-casting technique. The solubility of the Co/Ce-coated Ni cathode was about 80% lower when compare to that of pure Ni cathode under CO 2 :O 2 (66.7:33.3%) atmosphere at 650 deg. C. Consequently, the fine Co/Ce-coated Ni powder could be confirmed as a new alternative cathode material for MCFC

  6. Morphology-controlled synthesis and electrochemical performance of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} as anode material in lithium-ion battery application

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xu, Shan; Lu, Lin; Zhang, Qing; Zheng, Hao; Liu, Lian; Yin, Shengyu; Wang, Shiquan, E-mail: wsqhao@126.com; Li, Guohua; Feng, Chuanqi [Hubei University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules (China)

    2015-09-15

    Mixed-valence oxide precursors were synthesized by a solvothermal method using NiSO{sub 4}, CoSO{sub 4}, and NH{sub 4}HCO{sub 3} as raw materials. The precursors were heat-treated in a muffle furnace at 500 °C to obtain the products (NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4}). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that dumbbells, microspheres, and particle-like NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} were successfully synthesized by changing the volume of solvent and solvothermal temperature. The NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} microspheres (prepared at 180 °C with 30 ml solvent) as anode material for lithium-ion battery, exhibit a reversible discharge capacity of 1160 mAh g{sup −1} and good cycling stability (729 mAh g{sup −1} after 50 cycles) at a constant current of 100 mA g{sup −1} in the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V due to its high crystallinity and uniform porous morphology. Hence, the synthetic method could be extended to other high-capacity ternary metal oxide materials for lithium-ion battery application.

  7. An investigation on hydrogen storage kinetics of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni1-xCox (x = 0-0.4) alloy prepared by melt spinning

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yanghuan; Li Baowei; Ren Huipin; Ding Xiaoxia; Liu Xiaogang; Chen Lele

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → The investigation of the structures of the Mg 2 Ni 1-x Co x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys indicates that a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure can be obtained in the experiment alloys by melt spinning technology. The substitution of Co for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg 2 Ni-type alloy. And the amorphization degree of the alloys visibly increases with increasing Co content. → Both the melt spinning and Co substitution significantly improve the hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys. The hydrogen absorption saturation ratio (R t a ) and hydrogen desorption ratio (R t d ) as well as the high rate discharge ability (HRD) increase with rising spinning rate and Co content. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D), the Tafel polarization curves and the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) measurements show that the electrochemical kinetics notably increases with rising spinning rate and Co content. → Furthermore, all the as-spun alloys, when the spinning rate reaches to 30 m/s, have nearly same hydrogen absorption kinetics, indicating that the hydrogen absorption kinetics of the as-spun alloy is predominately controlled by diffusion ability of hydrogen atoms. - Abstract: In order to improve the hydrogen storage kinetics of the Mg 2 Ni-type alloys, Ni in the alloy was partially substituted by element Co, and melt-spinning technology was used for the preparation of the Mg 2 Ni 1-x Co x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) hydrogen storage alloys. The structures of the as-cast and spun alloys are characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the alloys were measured by an automatically controlled Sieverts apparatus. The electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the as-spun alloys is tested by an automatic galvanostatic system. The hydrogen diffusion coefficients in the alloys are calculated by virtue of potential-step method. The electrochemical impedance spectrums (EIS) and the Tafel

  8. [Co/Pd]4–Co–Pd–NiFe spring magnets with highly tunable and uniform magnetization tilt angles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anh Nguyen, T.N.; Benatmane, N.; Fallahi, V.; Fang, Yeyu; Mohseni, S.M.; Dumas, R.K.; Åkerman, Johan

    2012-01-01

    By varying the Pd thickness (t Pd ) from 0 to 8 nm in [Co/Pd] 4 /Co/Pd(t Pd )/NiFe exchange springs, we demonstrate (i) continuous tailoring of the exchange coupling between a [Co/Pd] 4 /Co layer with perpendicular anisotropy, and a NiFe layer with an in-plane easy axis, (ii) tuning of the NiFe out-of-plane magnetization angle from 20 ○ to 80 ○ , and (iii) an up to two-fold increase in the NiFe damping. The partial decoupling also results in a highly uniform NiFe magnetization. These properties make [Co/Pd] 4 /Co/Pd(t Pd )/NiFe spring magnets ideal candidates for use as tilted polarizers, by combining stable and well-defined spin directions of its carriers with a high degree of angular freedom. - Highlights: ► Continuous tailoring of the exchange coupling between a [Co/Pd] 4 /Co layer and a NiFe layer. ►Tuning of the NiFe out-of-plane magnetization angle from 20° to 80°. ►A highly uniform NiFe magnetization. ►An up to two-fold increase in the NiFe damping.

  9. Linear thermal expansion coefficient of cast Fe-Ni invar and Fe-Ni-Co superinvar alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ogorodnikova, O.M.; Chermenskaya, E.V.; Rabinovich, S.V.; Grachev, S.V.

    1999-01-01

    Cast invar alloys Fe-Ni (28-35 wt. % Ni) are investigated using metallography, dilatometry and X-ray methods as soon as the crystallization is completed and again after low-temperature treatment resulting in martensitic transformation in low nickel alloys. Nickel distribution in a cast superinvar Fe-32% Ni-4% Co is studied by means of X-ray spectrum microanalysis. The results obtained permit the correction of model concepts about cast invars and the estimate of a coefficient of linear expansion depending on phase composition and nickel microsegregation [ru

  10. The effect of the addition of the elements Ni, Zn and Co in a composite AlTiO{sub 2} obtained by high-energy milling and sintering process; Efeito da adicao dos elementos Ni, Zn ou Co no composito AlTiO{sub 2} obtido por moagem de alta energia e sinterizacao

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carvalho, C.O. de; Coelho, R.E.; Conrado, L.C.; Nascimento, C.S.; Teixeira, C.A.; Mendonca, E.S., E-mail: cristiane.olv.carvalho@hotmail.com [Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia da Bahia (IFBA), BA (Brazil)

    2016-07-01

    The present work use aluminum scrap with addition of TiO{sub 2}, Ni, Zn or Co to preparation and characterization of nanocomposites. The aluminum were cut and subjected to high energy milling for 2 hours at 1200rpm. The obtained powder was added to TiO{sub 2}, Ni, Zn or Co in a nominal composition 97Al-2TiO{sub 2}-1X (X = Ni, Zn or Co) (weight %) and again, the mixture was subjected to milling for 1 hour at 1000rpm. Grinding powders were hot pressed in the closed die and then removed; the compressed were sintered at 950°C in a tubular furnace N{sub 2} passing atmosphere. The samples obtained were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of SEM images showed a very refined microstructure and an aluminum matrix without porosity. (author)

  11. Magneto-optical characterization of colloidal dispersions. Application to nickel nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pascu, Oana; Caicedo, José Manuel; Fontcuberta, Josep; Herranz, Gervasi; Roig, Anna

    2010-08-03

    We report here on a fast magneto-optical characterization method for colloidal liquid dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles. We have applied our methodology to Ni nanoparticles with size equal or below 15 nm synthesized by a ligand stabilized solution-phase synthesis. We have measured the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of colloidal dispersions and found that we can probe the intrinsic magnetic properties within a wide concentration range, from 10(-5) up to 10(-2) M, with sensitivity to concentrations below 1 microg/mL of magnetic Ni particles. We found that the measured MCD signal scales up with the concentration thus providing a means of determining the concentration values of highly diluted dispersions. The methodology presented here exhibits large flexibility and versatility and might be suitable to study either fundamental problems related to properties of nanosize particles including surface related effects which are highly relevant for magnetic colloids in biomedical applications or to be applied to in situ testing and integration in production lines.

  12. Pd-Ni-MWCNT nanocomposite thin films: preparation and structure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kozłowski, Mirosław; Czerwosz, ElŻbieta; Sobczak, Kamil

    2017-08-01

    The properties of nanocomposite palladium-nickel-multi-walled (Pd-Ni-MWCNT) films deposited on aluminum oxide (Al2O3) substrate have been prepared and investigated. These films were obtained by 3 step process consisted of PVD/CVD/PVD methods. The morphology and structure of the obtained films were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques at various stages of the film formation. EDX spectrometer was used to measurements of elements segregation in the obtained film. TEM and STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy) observations showed MWCNTs decorated with palladium nanoparticles in the film obtained in the last step of film formation (final PVD process). The average size of the palladium nanoparticles observed both on MWCNTs and carbonaceous matrix does not exceed 5 nm. The research was conducted on the use of the obtained films as potential sensors of gases (e.g. H2, NH3, CO2) and bio-sensors or optical sensors.

  13. NOVEL RU-NI-S ELECTRODE CATALYST FOR PEMFC

    Science.gov (United States)

    The expected results from this project include: a new formula and preparation procedures for Ru-Ni-S catalyst; demonstration of CO and S tolerance of the new catalyst; a small size PEMFC with Ru-Ni-S catalyst and good performance; an...

  14. Quantum-size colloid metal systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roldugin, V.I.

    2000-01-01

    In the review dealing with quantum-dimensional metallic colloid systems the methods of preparation, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of metal nanoparticles and thin films are considered, the effect of ionizing radiation on stability of silver colloid sols and existence of a threshold radiation dose affecting loss of stability being discussed. It is shown that sol stability loss stems from particles charge neutralization due to reduction of sorbed silver ions induced by radiation, which results in destruction of double electric layer on colloid particles boundary [ru

  15. Studies on solid solutions based on layered honeycomb-ordered phases P2-Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Ni, Zn)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Berthelot, Romain; Schmidt, Whitney; Sleight, A.W. [Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (United States); Subramanian, M.A., E-mail: mas.subramanian@oregonstate.edu [Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (United States)

    2012-12-15

    Three complete solid solutions between the layered phases P2-Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Ni, Zn) have been prepared by conventional solid state method and investigated through X-ray diffraction, magnetism and optical measurements. All compositions are characterized by a M{sup 2+}/X{sup 6+} honeycomb ordering within the slabs and crystallize in a hexagonal unit cell. However, a structural transition based on a different stacking is observed as nickel (space group P6{sub 3}/mcm) is substituted by zinc or cobalt (space group P6{sub 3}22). All compositions exhibit a paramagnetic Curie-Weiss behavior at high temperatures; and the magnetic moment values confirm the presence of Ni{sup 2+} and/or Co{sup 2+} cations. The low-temperature antiferromagnetic order of Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} and Na{sub 2}Co{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} is suppressed by zinc substitution. The color of the obtained compositions varies from pink, to light green and white when M=Co, Ni, Zn, respectively. - Graphical abstract: The comparison between the structure of Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (left) and Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Zn) (right) evidences the stacking difference with distinct atom sequences along the hexagonal c-axis. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Solid solutions between lamellar phases Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Ni, Zn) are investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A M{sup 2+}/X{sup 6+} honeycomb ordering characterized all the compositions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A structural transition is shown when Ni is replaced by Co or Zn. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The low-temperature AFM ordering of Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} and Na{sub 2}Co{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} is suppressed by zinc substitution. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Color changes from pink to light green and white when M=Co, Ni, Zn, respectively.

  16. Fabrication of Phase-Change Polymer Colloidal Photonic Crystals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tianyi Zhao

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents the preparation of phase-change polymer colloidal photonic crystals (PCs by assembling hollow latex spheres encapsulated with dodecanol for the first time. The monodispersed hollow latex spheres were obtained by phase reversion of monodispersed core-shell latex spheres in the n-hexane, which dissolves the PS core and retains the PMMA/PAA shell. The as-prepared phase-change colloidal PCs show stable phase-change behavior. This fabrication of phase-change colloidal PCs would be significant for PC’s applications in functional coatings and various optic devices.

  17. Nanostructure and magnetic properties of CoNi-alloy-based nanoparticles dispersed in a silica matrix

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Julian, C.; Sangregorio, C.; Mattei, G.; Battaglin, G.; Cattaruzza, E.; Gonella, F.; Lo Russo, S.; D'Orazio, F.; Lucari, F.; De, G.; Gatteschi, D.; Mazzoldi, P.

    2001-01-01

    A comparative study of the magnetic behavior of FCC alloy CoNi (1:1) nanoparticles, embedded in a silica matrix and prepared by the ion implantation and sol-gel techniques, is presented. The blocking temperature is related to the size distribution, and, at least for the ion-implanted samples, only an enhanced effective anisotropy explains the experimental results. The hysteretic behavior is explained in terms of the temperature dependence of the anisotropy and of the particle volume fraction that determines the dipolar interactions

  18. Nanostructure and magnetic properties of CoNi-alloy-based nanoparticles dispersed in a silica matrix

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Julian, C. E-mail: dejulian@padova.infm.it; Sangregorio, C.; Mattei, G.; Battaglin, G.; Cattaruzza, E.; Gonella, F.; Lo Russo, S.; D' Orazio, F.; Lucari, F.; De, G.; Gatteschi, D.; Mazzoldi, P

    2001-05-01

    A comparative study of the magnetic behavior of FCC alloy CoNi (1:1) nanoparticles, embedded in a silica matrix and prepared by the ion implantation and sol-gel techniques, is presented. The blocking temperature is related to the size distribution, and, at least for the ion-implanted samples, only an enhanced effective anisotropy explains the experimental results. The hysteretic behavior is explained in terms of the temperature dependence of the anisotropy and of the particle volume fraction that determines the dipolar interactions.

  19. Design of Novel Precipitate-Strengthened Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Nb-Ni High-Entropy Superalloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Antonov, Stoichko; Detrois, Martin; Tin, Sammy

    2018-01-01

    A series of non-equiatomic Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Nb-Ni high-entropy alloys, with varying levels of Co, Nb and Fe, were investigated in an effort to obtain microstructures similar to conventional Ni-based superalloys. Elevated levels of Co were observed to significantly decrease the solvus temperature of the γ' precipitates. Both Nb and Co in excessive concentrations promoted the formation of Laves and NiAl phases that formed either during solidification and remained undissolved during homogenization or upon high-temperature aging. Lowering the content of Nb, Co, or Fe prevented the formation of the eutectic type Laves. In addition, lowering the Co content resulted in a higher number density and volume fraction of the γ' precipitates, while increasing the Fe content led to the destabilization of the γ' precipitates. Various aging treatments were performed which led to different size distributions of the strengthening phase. Results from the microstructural characterization and hardness property assessments of these high-entropy alloys were compared to a commercial, high-strength Ni-based superalloy RR1000. Potentially, precipitation-strengthened high-entropy alloys could find applications replacing Ni-based superalloys as structural materials in power generation applications.

  20. Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of biologically active tetraazamacrocyclic complexes of Mn(II, Co(II, Ni(II, Pd(II and Pt(II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monika Tyagi

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Complexes of Mn(II, Co(II, Ni(II, Pd(II and Pt(II were synthesized with the macrocyclic ligand, i.e., 2,3,9,10-tetraketo-1,4,8,11-tetraazacycoletradecane. The ligand was prepared by the [2 + 2] condensation of diethyloxalate and 1,3-diamino propane and characterized by elemental analysis, mass, IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, electronic and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral studies. The molar conductance measurements of Mn(II, Co(II and Ni(II complexes in DMF correspond to non electrolyte nature, whereas Pd(II and Pt(II complexes are 1:2 electrolyte. On the basis of spectral studies an octahedral geometry has been assigned for Mn(II, Co(II and Ni(II complexes, whereas square planar geometry assigned for Pd(II and Pt(II. In vitro the ligand and its metal complexes were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium odum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizoctonia bataticola and some compounds found to be more active as commercially available fungicide like Chlorothalonil.

  1. Synthesis of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanostructures with different morphologies for the removal of methyl orange

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tian, Yaxi; Li, Haizhen; Ruan, Zhongyuan; Cui, Guijia; Yan, Shiqiang, E-mail: yansq@lzu.edu.cn

    2017-01-30

    Highlights: • Magnetic materials NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} with six different morphologies were successfully synthesized by a facile method. • Adsorption capacity strongly depends on the morphology. • It could be easily recovered from solution. - Abstract: Aiming to investigate the adsorption removal performance of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} as water purification adsorbents, magnetic materials NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} with six different morphologies were successfully synthesized by a facile method. NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} with six different morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N{sub 2} adsorption-desorption, vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry. In this study, we mainly explored the effect of specific surface area, pore volume and pore size on the performance for the removal of methyl orange, and the adsorption capacity followed an order of (b) NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanorods > (e) balsam-like NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} > (f) rose-like NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} > (d) NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoribbons > (a) NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} flowerlike nanostructures > (c) dandelion-like NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} spheres. The results indicated that NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanorods exhibited better adsorption performance. The reasons for the excellent adsorption capacity of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanorods were also discussed in depth by analyzing scale and surface characteristics. Besides, NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} could be easily recovered from solution, which may avoid potential secondary pollution. Moreover, adsorption kinetics, the influence of pH and adsorption mechanism were comprehensively investigated. This finding indicated that NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} were promising adsorbents for water purification.

  2. Effect of transition metal-doped Ni(211) for CO dissociation: Insights from DFT calculations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Kuiwei; Zhang, Minhua [Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R& D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072 (China); Yu, Yingzhe, E-mail: yzhyu@tju.edu.cn [Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R& D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China)

    2017-03-31

    Highlights: • Doping the step edge of Ni(211) with Fe or Ru observably enhances CO dissociation. • Rh doping is unfavorable for CO activation both kinetically and thermodynamically. • Two neat linear relations are proposed besides the Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relation. • The differences of CO adsorption are rationalized via the Blyholder model. - Abstract: Density functional theory slab calculations were performed to investigate the adsorption and dissociation of CO over pure and M-doped Ni(211) (M = Fe, Co, Ru and Rh) with the aim to elucidate the effect of transition metal doping for CO activation. Doping the step edge of Ni(211) with Fe, Co and Ru is found to enhance the binding of CO in the initial state (IS) (in the sequence by the improvement degree: Fe > Ru > Co) as well as the co-adsorption of C and O in the final state (FS) (Ru > Fe > Co). In contrast, Rh doping is unfavorable both in the IS and in the FS. Analysis of the overall potential energy surfaces (PES) suggests CO dissociation is facilitated by Fe, Ru and Co doping both kinetically and thermodynamically, wherein Fe and Ru behave extraordinary. Interestingly, Fe substitute is slightly superior to Ru in kinetics whereas the contrary is the case in thermodynamics. Rh doping elevates the energy height from 0.97 eV on Ni(211) to 1.32 eV and releases 0.39 eV less heat relative to Ni(211), again manifesting a negative effect. Besides the classical Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relationship, we put forward another two neat linear relations, which can well describe the feature of CO dissociation. The differences of CO adsorption and activation in the IS over pure and doped Ni(211) surfaces are rationalized via electronic structure analysis. The findings presented herein are expected to provide theoretical guidance for catalyst design and optimization in relevant processes.

  3. How easy is CO2 fixation by M-C bond containing complexes (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Rh, Ir)?

    KAUST Repository

    Nolan, Steve; Cavallo, Luigi; Poater, Albert; Vummaleti, Sai V. C.; Talarico, Giovanni

    2015-01-01

    A comparison between different M–C bonds (M = Cu(I), Ni(II), Co(I), Rh(I) and Ir(I)) has been reported by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the role of the metal in the fixation or incorporation of CO2 into such complexes. The systems investigated are various metal based congeners of the Ir-complex 8 [(cod)(IiPr)Ir-CCPh], with a ligand scaffold based on cod and IiPr ligands (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene; IiPr = 1,3-bis(isopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). The results of this study show that the calculated CO2 insertion barriers follow the trend: Cu(I) (20.8 kcal mol−1) < Rh(I) (30.0 kcal mol−1) < Co(I) (31.3 kcal mol−1) < Ir(I) (37.5 kcal mol−1) < Ni(II) (45.4 kcal mol−1), indicating that the Cu(I) based analogue is the best CO2 fixer, while Ni(II) is the worst in the studied series.

  4. How easy is CO2 fixation by M-C bond containing complexes (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Rh, Ir)?

    KAUST Repository

    Nolan, Steve

    2015-11-27

    A comparison between different M–C bonds (M = Cu(I), Ni(II), Co(I), Rh(I) and Ir(I)) has been reported by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the role of the metal in the fixation or incorporation of CO2 into such complexes. The systems investigated are various metal based congeners of the Ir-complex 8 [(cod)(IiPr)Ir-CCPh], with a ligand scaffold based on cod and IiPr ligands (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene; IiPr = 1,3-bis(isopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). The results of this study show that the calculated CO2 insertion barriers follow the trend: Cu(I) (20.8 kcal mol−1) < Rh(I) (30.0 kcal mol−1) < Co(I) (31.3 kcal mol−1) < Ir(I) (37.5 kcal mol−1) < Ni(II) (45.4 kcal mol−1), indicating that the Cu(I) based analogue is the best CO2 fixer, while Ni(II) is the worst in the studied series.

  5. Characterization and thermal behavior of PrMO{sub 3} (M = Co or Ni) ceramic materials obtained from gelatin

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aquino, F.M., E-mail: flavyma@hotmail.com [Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte, Laboratory of Catalysis and Refining – NUPRAR, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, CEP 59078-970, Natal-RN (Brazil); Melo, D.M.A. [Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte, Laboratory of Catalysis and Refining – NUPRAR, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, CEP 59078-970, Natal-RN (Brazil); Pimentel, P.M. [Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Campus Angicos, CEP 59515-000, Angicos-RN (Brazil); Braga, R.M.; Melo, M.A.F.; Martinelli, A.E.; Costa, A.F. [Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte, Laboratory of Catalysis and Refining – NUPRAR, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, CEP 59078-970, Natal-RN (Brazil)

    2012-09-15

    Graphical abstract: The micrograph in figure shows sample calcined at temperature 900 °C. The sample exhibits morphology with considerable porosity and the formation of agglomerated nanometric particles. Gelatin provides the system with a large amount of organic matter, which is then removed during calcinations, favoring the appearance of pores in the material. Highlights: ► Oxides with PrNiO{sub 3} and PrCoO{sub 3} were prepared by new method synthesis. ► The gelatin, through its carboxylate groups and amine, is an efficient director. ► The obtained materials have magnetic properties and application in catalysis. ► The decomposition kinetic study of bonding groups of gelatin with metallic ions that takes part in the synthesis of PrMO{sub 3}. -- Abstract: Metal oxides with perovskite-type structure have attracted considerable interest in recent years due to their magnetic and electrical properties, as well as their catalytic activity. In this study, oxides with PrNiO{sub 3} and PrCoO{sub 3} composition were prepared by using gelatin powder as a precursor agent for its use as a catalyst. The powders obtained were calcined at 700 °C and 900 °C and characterized using the X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis), infrared spectroscopy, temperature programed reduction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Thermogravimetric data using the non-isothermal kinetic models of Flynn and Wall and “Model-free Kinetics” were used to determine the activation energy to study the decomposition kinetics of the ligand groups with system's metallic ions that takes part in the synthesis of PrMO{sub 3} (M = Ni or Co).

  6. Uncovering a facile large-scale synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 nanoflowers for high power lithium-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hua, Wei-Bo; Guo, Xiao-Dong; Zheng, Zhuo; Wang, Yan-Jie; Zhong, Ben-He; Fang, Baizeng; Wang, Jia-Zhao; Chou, Shu-Lei; Liu, Heng

    2015-02-01

    Developing advanced electrode materials that deliver high energy at ultra-fast charge and discharge rates are very crucial to meet an increasing large-scale market demand for high power lithium ion batteries (LIBs). A three-dimensional (3D) nanoflower structure is successfully developed in the large-scale synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material for the first time. The fast co-precipitation is the key technique to prepare the nanoflower structure in our method. After heat treatment, the obtained LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 nanoflowers (NL333) pronouncedly present a pristine flower-like nano-architecture and provide fast pathways for the transport of Li-ions and electrons. As a cathode material in a LIB, the prepared NL333 electrode demonstrates an outstanding high-rate capability. Particularly, in a narrow voltage range of 2.7-4.3 V, the discharge capacity at an ultra-fast charge-discharge rate (20C) is up to 126 mAh g-1, which reaches 78% of that at 0.2C, and is much higher than that (i.e., 44.17%) of the traditional bulk LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2.

  7. Mechanisms responsible for two possible electrochemical reactions in Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 used for lithium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Konishi, Hiroaki; Hirano, Tatsumi; Takamatsu, Daiko; Gunji, Akira; Feng, Xiaoliang; Furutsuki, Sho; Okumura, Takefumi; Terada, Shohei; Tamura, Kazuhisa

    2018-02-01

    Two electrochemical reactions are possible in regard to Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (0.5Li2MnO3-0.5LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2), viz, Li2MnO3-like and LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2-like reactions. The open circuit potential (OCP) and changes in crystal structure during the charge-discharge process of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 were investigated to clarify the mechanism responsible for the two reactions. Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 were separately prepared for the investigation, and the OCPs and crystal structures in these cathodes were measured and then compared with those for Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2. The results obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that two phases existed in Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2. The changes in crystal structure of the two phases during the charge-discharge process were similar to those in Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2. This indicated that two phases, viz, Li2MnO3-like and LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2-like, existed in Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2. Li2MnO3-like, LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2-like, and Li2MnO3-like phases were found to contribute mainly to electrochemical reactions in the low, middle, and high state of charge (SOC) ranges during the charge process from the results obtained using XRD and electrochemical measurements carried out on Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2. In contrast, the Li2MnO3-like and LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2-like phases mainly contributed to electrochemical reactions in the low and high SOC ranges during the discharge process. Furthermore, the high polarization and potential decay during the charge-discharge cycling of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 were mainly attributed to the Li2MnO3-like phase.

  8. Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of NiCoP for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

    KAUST Repository

    Liang, Hanfeng

    2016-11-09

    Efficient water splitting requires highly active, earth-abundant, and robust catalysts. Monometallic phosphides such as NiP have been shown to be active toward water splitting. Our theoretical analysis has suggested that their performance can be further enhanced by substitution with extrinsic metals, though very little work has been conducted in this area. Here we present for the first time a novel PH plasma-assisted approach to convert NiCo hydroxides into ternary NiCoP. The obtained NiCoP nanostructure supported on Ni foam shows superior catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a low overpotential of 32 mV at 10 mA cm in alkaline media. Moreover, it is also capable of catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with high efficiency though the real active sites are surface oxides in situ formed during the catalysis. Specifically, a current density of 10 mA cm is achieved at overpotential of 280 mV. These overpotentials are among the best reported values for non-noble metal catalysts. Most importantly, when used as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting, a current density of 10 mA cm is achieved at a cell voltage as low as 1.58 V, making NiCoP among the most efficient earth-abundant catalysts for water splitting. Moreover, our new synthetic approach can serve as a versatile route to synthesize various bimetallic or even more complex phosphides for various applications.

  9. Alloying effect on hardening of martensite stainless steels of the Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Co systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fel'dgandler, Eh.G.; Savkina, L.Ya.

    1975-01-01

    The effect of alloying elements is considered on the γ → a-transformation and hardening of certain compositions of the ternary Fe-Cr-Ni- and Fe-Cr-Co alloy systems with the martensite structure. In martensite Fe-(10 to 14)% Cr base steels the elements Co, Cu, W, Ni, Mo, Si, Cr decrease, Mn, Si, Mo, Cu increase, and Cr, Ni, Co decrease the temperature of α → γ-transition. The tempering of martensite steels of the Fe-Cr-Ni- and Fe-Cr-Co-systems containing 10 to 14% Cr, 4 to 9% Ni, and 7 to 12% Co does not lead to hardening. Alloyage of the martensite Fe-Cr-Ni-, Fe-Cr-Co- and Fe-Cr-Ni-Co base separately with Mo, W, Si or Cu leads to a hardening during tempering, the hardening being the higher, the higher is the content of Ni and, especially, of Co. The increase in the content of Mo or Si produces the same effect as the increase in the Co content. In on Fe-Cr-Co or Fe-Cr-Ni-Co based steels alloyed with Mo or Si, two temperature ranges of ageing have been revealed which, evidently, have different hardening natures. The compositions studied could serve as the base material for producing maraging stainless steels having a complex variety of properties

  10. Rational Construction of Uniform CoNi-Based Core-Shell Microspheres with Tunable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Na; Jiang, Jian-Tang; Xu, Cheng-Yan; Yan, Shao-Jiu; Zhen, Liang

    2018-02-16

    Core-shell particles with integration of ferromagnetic core and dielectric shell are attracting extensive attention for promising microwave absorption applications. In this work, CoNi microspheres with conical bulges were synthesized by a simple and scalable liquid-phase reduction method. Subsequent coating of dielectric materials was conducted to acquire core-shell structured CoNi@TiO 2 composite particles, in which the thickness of TiO 2 is about 40 nm. The coating of TiO 2 enables the absorption band of CoNi to effectively shift from K u to S band, and endows CoNi@TiO 2 microspheres with outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance along with a maximum reflection loss of 76.6 dB at 3.3 GHz, much better than that of bare CoNi microspheres (54.4 dB at 17.8 GHz). The enhanced EMA performance is attributed to the unique core-shell structures, which can induce dipole polarization and interfacial polarization, and tune the dielectric properties to achieve good impedance matching. Impressively, TiO 2 coating endows the composites with better microwave absorption capability than CoNi@SiO 2 microspheres. Compared with SiO 2 , TiO 2 dielectric shells could protect CoNi microspheres from merger and agglomeration during annealed. These results indicate that CoNi@TiO 2 core-shell microspheres can serve as high-performance absorbers for electromagnetic wave absorbing application.

  11. Facile synthesis of Co3O4 nanowires grown on hollow NiO microspheres with superior electrochemical performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fan, Meiqing; Ren, Bo; Yu, Lei; Song, Dalei; Liu, Qi; Liu, Jingyuan; Wang, Jun; Jing, Xiaoyan; Liu, Lianhe

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Display Omitted - Highlights: • The NiO hollow spheres were decorated by Co 3 O 4 nanowires. • The NiO hollow spheres were comprised of many NiO particles. • The Co 3 O 4 nanowires were composed of nanoparticles. • The NiO/Co 3 O 4 core/shell nanocomposites have good electrochemical properties. - Abstract: The NiO/Co 3 O 4 core/shell composites as a promising supercapacitor material have been fabricated by facile hydrothermal process. The structure and morphology of the NiO/Co 3 O 4 core/shell composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the NiO hollow spheres were decorated by Co 3 O 4 nanowires, and the nanowires were composed of nanoparticles. Electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results suggested that the NiO/Co 3 O 4 core/shell composites had good electrochemical reversibility and displayed superior capacitive performance with large capacitance (510 F g −1 ). Moreover, NiO/Co 3 O 4 core/shell composites showed excellent cyclic performanceafter 1000 cycles

  12. Alkali adsorption on Ni(1 1 1) and their coadsorption with CO and O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Politano, A.; Formoso, V.; Chiarello, G.

    2008-01-01

    The adsorption of alkalis (Na, K) on Ni(1 1 1) and their coadsorption with CO and O were studied by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Loss measurements of clean alkali adlayers provided the expected behaviour of the alkali-substrate vibration energy as a function of the alkali coverage. This result was achieved by eliminating any trace of CO contamination from the alkali adlayer. As a matter of fact, a significant softening of the alkali-Ni vibration energy was revealed in the alkali + CO coadsorbed phase. Moreover, alkali coadsorption with oxygen caused a weakening of the O-Ni bond and a strengthening of the alkali-Ni bond

  13. Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and anomalous hall effect in Co/Ni multilayers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Yiwei; Zhang, Jingyan, E-mail: jyzhang@ustb.edu.cn; Jiang, Shaolong; Liu, Qianqian; Li, Xujing; Yu, Guanghua, E-mail: ghyu@mater.ustb.edu.cn

    2016-12-15

    The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in Co/Ni multilayer were optimized by manipulating its interface structure (inducing HfO{sub 2} capping layer and Pt insertion) and post-annealing treatment. A strong PMA can be obtained in Co/Ni multilayers with HfO{sub 2} capping layer even after annealing at 400 °C. The heavy metal Hf may improve the interfacial spin-orbit coupling, which responsible for the enhanced PMA and high annealing stability. Moreover, the multilayer containing HfO{sub 2} capping layer also exhibited high saturation anomalous Hall resistivity through post-annealing, which is 0.85 μΩ cm after annealing at 375 °C, 211% larger than in the sample at deposited state which is only 0.27 μΩ cm. The enhancement of AHE is mainly attributed to the interface scattering through post-annealing treatment. - Highlights: • The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and anomalous Hall effect of Co/Ni multilayer films were studied. • The PMA thermal stability of the Co/Ni ML can be enhanced by HfO{sub 2} capping layer and Pt insertion. • The anomalous Hall resistivity of Co/Ni ML covered by HfO{sub 2} was enhanced by post-annealing treatment.

  14. High Tap Density Spherical Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 Cathode Material Synthesized via Continuous Hydroxide Coprecipitation Method for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shunyi Yang

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Spherical [Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2](OH2 precursor with narrow size distribution and high tap density has been successfully synthesized by a continuous hydroxide coprecipitation, and Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 is then prepared by mixing the precursor with 6% excess Li2CO3 followed by calcinations. The tap density of the obtained Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 powder is as high as 2.61 g cm−3. The powders are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, scanning electron microscope (SEM, particle size distribution (PSD, and charge/discharge cycling. The XRD studies show that the prepared Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 has a well-ordered layered structure without any impurity phases. Good packing properties of spherical secondary particles (about 12 μm consisted of a large number of tiny-thin plate-shape primary particles (less than 1 μm, which can be identified from the SEM observations. In the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 2.5–4.6 V, Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 delivers the initial discharge capacity of approximately 175 and 214 mAh g−1 at a current density of 32 mA g−1, and the capacity retention after 50 cycles reaches 98.8% and 90.2%, respectively. Besides, it displays good high-temperature characteristics and excellent rate capability.

  15. Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 co-catalyzed with K2NiF6 and CNTs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sulaiman, N N; Ismail, M

    2016-12-06

    The composite of MgH 2 /K 2 NiF 6 /carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is prepared by ball milling, and its hydrogenation properties are studied for the first time. MgH 2 co-catalyzed with K 2 NiF 6 and CNTs exhibited an improvement in the onset dehydrogenation temperature and isothermal de/rehydrogenation kinetics compared with the MgH 2 -K 2 NiF 6 composite. The onset dehydrogenation temperature of MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 and 5 wt% CNTs is 245 °C, which demonstrated a reduction of 25 °C compared with the MgH 2 + 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 composite. In terms of rehydrogenation kinetics, MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 and 5 wt% CNTs samples absorbed 3.4 wt% of hydrogen in 1 min at 320 °C, whereas the MgH 2 + 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 sample absorbed 2.6 wt% of hydrogen under the same conditions. For dehydrogenation kinetics at 320 °C, the MgH 2 + 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 + 5 wt% CNTs sample released 3.3 wt% hydrogen after 5 min of dehydrogenation. By contrast, MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 released 3.0 wt% hydrogen in the same time period. The apparent activation energy, E a , for the dehydrogenation of MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 reduced from 100.0 kJ mol -1 to 70.0 kJ mol -1 after MgH 2 was co-doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 and 5 wt% CNTs. Based on the experimental results, the hydrogen storage properties of the MgH 2 /K 2 NiF 6 /CNTs composite is enhanced because of the catalytic effects of the active species of KF, KH and Mg 2 Ni that are formed in situ during dehydrogenation, as well as the unique structure of CNTs.

  16. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Nickel Diselenide NiSe2 from the Decomposition of Nickel Acetate, (CH3CO2)2Ni

    OpenAIRE

    Yin, Ming; O’Brien, Stephen

    2014-01-01

    Solution processed NiSe2 nanorods were synthesized by a modified colloidal synthesis technique, by chemical reaction of TOPSe and nickel acetate at 150°C. The rods exist as an oleic acid ligand stabilized solution, with oleic acid acting as a capping group. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicates that the particles are rod-like shaped crystals with a high and relatively constant aspect ratio (30 : 1). TEM shows that the width and the len...

  17. Microstructural Evolution of NiCoCrAlHfYSi and NiCoCrAlTaY Coatings Deposited by AC-HVAF and APS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, Yujun; Chen, Hongfei; Gao, Dong; Yang, Guang; Liu, Bin; Chu, Yajie; Fan, Jinkai; Gao, Yanfeng

    2017-12-01

    The chemical composition of NiCoCrAlHfYSi with a suitable particle size, deposited using an activated combustion-high velocity air fuel (AC-HVAF) spray, is a potentially promising process because dense, continuous and pure alumina can be formed on the surface of the MCrAlY metallic coatings after isothermal oxidation exposure. The NiCoCrAlHfYSi (Amdry386) and NiCoCrAlTaY (Amdry997) coatings were produced using AC-HVAF and APS, respectively. Isothermal oxidation was subsequently conducted at 1050 °C in air for 200 h. This paper compares the characteristics of four coated samples, including the surface roughness, elastic modulus, hardness, oxide content, microstructural characteristics and phase evolution of thermally grown oxides (TGO). The growth of both the TGO and alumina scales in the TGO of the HVAF386 coating was relatively rapid. The θ- to α-alumina phase transformation was strongly determined by the Hf and Si dopants in the HVAF386 coating. Finally, the extent of grain refinement and deformation storage energy in the HVAF997 coatings were determined to be significantly crucial for the θ- to α-alumina phase transformation.

  18. ;Green; carbon with hierarchical three dimensional porous structure derived from - Pongamia pinnata seed oil extract cake and NiCo2O4-Ni(OH)2/Multiwall carbon nanotubes nanocomposite as electrode materials for high performance asymmetric supercapacitor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chaitra, K.; Narendra, Reddy; Venkatesh, Krishna; Nagaraju, N.; Kathyayini, Nagaraju

    2017-07-01

    Herein, we report for the first time synthesis and electrochemical supercapacitance performance of 3-D hierarchical porous "Green" carbon derived from Pongamia pinnata seed oil extract cake and its activation using different amounts of KOH. Also, nanocomposites of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with various weight percentages of Ni and Co were prepared by hydrothermal method. Physico-chemical properties of "Green" carbon and nanocomposites were analyzed by Powder X-ray Diffraction, Brunner Emmett Teller surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Elemental Dispersive Spectrum, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Raman techniques. KOH activated carbon was found associated with combination of micropores & mesopores while the nanocomposite with mixture of spinel NiCo2O4 and Ni(OH)2. Porous carbon activated with 2:1::KOH:C (KC2) and the nanocomposite with 1:1 Ni & Co (NC1) exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in three electrode system. Further, fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor (AS) device Ni-Co-MWCNT (NC1)//KC2 exhibited specific capacitance (Cs) of 177 F/g as determined by cyclic voltammetry at 10 mV/s and retained 90% even at 3000th cycle in life cycle test conducted at high current density of 50 A/g. In order to evaluate its practical performance, the AS device was charged to 1.8 V at 5 A/g and used successfully to power a calculator for more than 1 h.

  19. Microstructure and Antiwear Property of Laser Cladding Ni-Co Duplex Coating on Copper.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yiyong; Liang, Zhipeng; Zhang, Junwei; Ning, Zhe; Jin, Hui

    2016-07-28

    Ni-Co duplex coatings were cladded onto Cu to improve the antiwear properties of Cu products. Prior to laser cladding, n-Al₂O₃/Ni layers were introduced as interlayers between laser cladding coatings and Cu substrates to improve the laser absorptivity of these substrates and ensure defect-free laser cladding coatings. The structure and morphology of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, and the phases of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Their hardness was measured using a microhardness tester. Experimental results showed that defect-free composite coatings were obtained and that the coatings were metallurgically bonded to the substrates. The surface of the Ni-Co duplex coatings comprised a Co-based solid solution, Cr₇C₃, (Fe,Ni) 23 C₆, and other strengthening phases. The microhardness and wear resistance of the duplex coatings were significantly improved compared with the Cu substrates. The average microhardness of the cladded coatings was 845.6 HV, which was approximately 8.2 times greater than that of the Cu substrates (102.6 HV). The volume loss of the Cu substrates was approximately 7.5 times greater than that of the Ni-Co duplex coatings after 60 min of sliding wear testing. The high hardness of and lack of defects in the Ni-Co duplex coatings reduced the plastic deformation and adhesive wear of the Cu substrates, resulting in improved wear properties.

  20. Room Temperature Gas Sensing Properties of Sn-Substituted Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) Thin Film Sensors Prepared by Chemical Co-Precipitation Method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manikandan, V.; Li, Xiaogan; Mane, R. S.; Chandrasekaran, J.

    2018-04-01

    Tin (Sn) substituted nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) thin film sensors were prepared by a simple chemical co-precipitation method, which initially characterized their structure and surface morphology with the help of x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Surface morphology of the sensing films reveals particles stick together with nearer particles and this formation leads to a large specific area as a large specific area is very useful for easy adsorption of gas molecules. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction pattern images confirm particle size and nanocrystallnity as due to formation of circular rings. Fourier transform infrared analysis has supported the presence of functional groups. The 3.69 eV optical band gap of the film was found which enabled better gas sensing. Gas sensors demonstrate better response and recovery characteristics, and the maximum response was 68.43%.

  1. Structural and magnetic properties of Co-substituted NiCu ferrite nanopowders

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Le-Zhong, E-mail: lezhongli@cuit.edu.cn; Zhong, Xiao-Xi; Wang, Rui; Tu, Xiao-Qiang; Peng, Long

    2017-07-01

    Highlights: • There are Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CuO impurity phases when x ≤ 0.10. • The saturation magnetization and coercivity monotonically increase with the increase of Co substitution. • The anisotropy constant increases with the increase of Co substitution. • The calculated and observed values of magneton number are in close agreement with each other. - Abstract: Co-substituted NiCu ferrite nanopowders with the chemical formula Ni{sub 0.5−x}Cu{sub 0.5−x}Co{sub 2x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.50) were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The effects of Co substitution on the cation distribution, structural and magnetic properties of the NiCu ferrite nanopowders have been investigated. Differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements were used to characterize the chemical, structural and magnetic properties of the ferrite nanopowders, respectively. The DTA-TG results indicate that there are three steps of the combustion process. XRD results indicate that there are Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CuO impurity phases when x ≤ 0.10. Furthermore, the lattice parameter increases, and the X-ray density and the average crystallite size decrease with increasing Co substitution. And the obtained particle size from TEM image is in very good agreement with the average crystallite size estimated by XRD measurements. The saturation magnetization and coercivity monotonically increase with the increase of Co substitution. The increase of the saturation magnetization is due to the substitution of Ni{sup 2+} and Cu{sup 2+} ions with lower magnetic moment by Co{sup 2+} ions with higher magnetic moment on the octahedral sites. And the increase of the coercivity is mainly due to the increase of magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy.

  2. Preparation and Characterization of Anode-Supported YSZ Thin Film Electrolyte by Co-Tape Casting and Co-Sintering Process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Q L; Fu, C J; Chan, S H; Pasciak, G

    2011-01-01

    In this study, a co-tape casting and co-sintering process has been developed to prepare yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte films supported on Ni-YSZ anode substrates in order to substantially reduce the fabrication cost of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Through proper control of the process, the anode/electrolyte bilayer structures with a size of 7.8cm x 7.8cm were achieved with good flatness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation indicated that the YSZ electrolyte film was about 16 μm in thickness, highly dense, crack free and well-bonded to the anode support. The electrochemical properties of the prepared anode-supported electrolyte film was evaluated in a button cell mode incorporating a (LaSr)MnO 3 -YSZ composite cathode. With humidified hydrogen as the fuel and stationary air as the oxidant, the cell demonstrated an open-circuit voltage of 1.081 V and a maximum power density of 1.01 W/cm 2 at 800 deg. C. The obtained results represent the important progress in the development of anode-supported intermediate temperature SOFC with reduced fabrication cost.

  3. Preparation and Characterization of Anode-Supported YSZ Thin Film Electrolyte by Co-Tape Casting and Co-Sintering Process

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Q. L.; Fu, C. J.; Chan, S. H.; Pasciak, G.

    2011-06-01

    In this study, a co-tape casting and co-sintering process has been developed to prepare yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte films supported on Ni-YSZ anode substrates in order to substantially reduce the fabrication cost of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Through proper control of the process, the anode/electrolyte bilayer structures with a size of 7.8cm × 7.8cm were achieved with good flatness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation indicated that the YSZ electrolyte film was about 16 μm in thickness, highly dense, crack free and well-bonded to the anode support. The electrochemical properties of the prepared anode-supported electrolyte film was evaluated in a button cell mode incorporating a (LaSr)MnO3-YSZ composite cathode. With humidified hydrogen as the fuel and stationary air as the oxidant, the cell demonstrated an open-circuit voltage of 1.081 V and a maximum power density of 1.01 W/cm2 at 800°C. The obtained results represent the important progress in the development of anode-supported intermediate temperature SOFC with reduced fabrication cost.

  4. Preparation and electric and photoelectric properties of thin deposits of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au and Pd

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heras, J.M.; Albano, E.V.; Asensio, M.C.; Viscido, L.

    1984-01-01

    The physics chemical properties of desordered metallic thin films of Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Ag, Cu and Au are of great interest for its catalitic activity and for its application in radiation absorption of solar cells and micro electronic devices. This work has the purpose of reporting the experimental results obtained by evaporated films of these metals, which present desordered characteristics, small crystal size and high surface-volume rate. (A.C.A.S.) [pt

  5. Prediction of the new efficient permanent magnet SmCoNiFe3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Söderlind, P.; Landa, A.; Locht, I. L. M.; Åberg, D.; Kvashnin, Y.; Pereiro, M.; Däne, M.; Turchi, P. E. A.; Antropov, V. P.; Eriksson, O.

    2017-09-01

    We propose a new efficient permanent magnet, SmCoNiFe3, which is a development of the well-known SmCo5 prototype. More modern neodymium magnets of the Nd-Fe-B type have an advantage over SmCo5 because of their greater maximum energy products due to their iron-rich stoichiometry. Our new magnet, however, removes most of this disadvantage of SmCo5 while preserving its superior high-temperature efficiency over the neodymium magnets. We show by means of first-principles electronic-structure calculations that SmCoNiFe3 has very favorable magnetic properties and could therefore potentially replace SmCo5 or Nd-Fe-B types in various applications.

  6. Giant magnetoresistance in melt spun Cu85Co10Ni5

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Curiotto, Stefano; Johnson, Erik; Celegato, Federica

    2009-01-01

    CuCoNi rapidly solidified alloys are interesting because they display giant magnetoresistance (GMR). In the present work a Cu85Co10Ni5 alloy has been synthesized by melt spinning and analysed for GMR. The ribbons obtained have been annealed at different temperatures and the evolution of the crystal...... structure with annealing has been studied by X-ray diffraction. The. ne microstructure has been observed by TEM and related to the magnetic properties, investigated in a vibrating sample magnetometer. In the studied composition the magnetoresistance was found to be lower than in binary CuCo alloys without...

  7. Anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe cores integrated into microinductors for high-frequency dc–dc power conversion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Jooncheol; Kim, Minsoo; Herrault, Florian; Kim, Jung-Kwun; Allen, Mark G

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents a rectangular, anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core that possesses a magnetically hard axis in the long geometric axis direction. Previously, we have developed nanolaminated cores comprising tens to hundreds of layers of 300–1000 nm thick metallic alloys (i.e. Ni 80 Fe 20 or Co 44 Ni 37 Fe 19 ) based on sequential electrodeposition, demonstrating suppressed eddy-current losses at MHz frequencies. In this work, magnetic anisotropy was induced to the nanolaminated CoNiFe cores by applying an external magnetic field (50–100 mT) during CoNiFe film electrodeposition. The fabricated cores comprised tens to hundreds of layers of 500–1000 nm thick CoNiFe laminations that have the hard-axis magnetic property. Packaged in a 22-turn solenoid test inductor, the anisotropic core showed 10% increased effective permeability and 25% reduced core power losses at MHz operation frequency, compared to an isotropic core of the identical geometry. Operating the anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core in a step-down dc–dc converter (15 V input to 5 V output) demonstrated 81% converter efficiency at a switching frequency of 1.1 MHz and output power of 6.5 W. A solenoid microinductor with microfabricated windings integrated with the anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core was fabricated, demonstrating a constant inductance of 600 nH up to 10 MHz and peak quality factor exceeding 20 at 4 MHz. The performance of the microinductor with the anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core is compared with other previously reported microinductors. (fast track communication)

  8. Properties of nano-structured Ni/YSZ anodes fabricated from plasma sprayable NiO/YSZ powder prepared by single step solution combustion method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Prakash, B. Shri; Balaji, N.; Kumar, S. Senthil; Aruna, S.T., E-mail: staruna194@gmail.com

    2016-12-15

    Highlights: • Preparation of plasma grade NiO/YSZ powder in single step. • Fabrication of nano-structured Ni/YSZ coating. • Conductivity of 600 S/cm at 800 °C. - Abstract: NiO/YSZ anode coatings are fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying at different plasma powers from plasma grade NiO/YSZ powders that are prepared in a single step by solution combustion method. The process adopted is devoid of multi-steps that are generally involved in conventional spray drying or fusing and crushing methods. Density of the coating increased and porosity decreased with increase in the plasma power of deposition. An ideal nano-structured Ni/YSZ anode encompassing nano YSZ particles, nano Ni particles and nano pores is achieved on reducing the coating deposited at lower plasma powers. The coating exhibit porosities in the range of 27%, sufficient for anode functional layers. Electronic conductivity of the coatings is in the range of 600 S/cm at 800 °C.

  9. A facile and scalable strategy for synthesis of size-tunable NiCo2O4 with nanocoral-like architecture for high-performance supercapacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tao, Yan; Ruiyi, Li; Zaijun, Li; Yinjun, Fang

    2014-01-01

    Graphical abstract: We reported a facile and scalable strategy for synthesis of size-tunable NiCo 2 O 4 with nanocoral-like architecture. The unique structure will improve faradaic redox reaction and mass transfer, NiCo 2 O 4 offers excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. - Highlights: • We reported a facile and scalable strategy for synthesis of size-tunable NiCo 2 O 4 withnanocoral-lide architecture. • Combination of microwave and tertbutanol as medium creates ultrathin nickel/cobalt double hydroxide with flowerclusters. • The method is very simple, rapid and efficient, it can be used for large scale productionof nanomaterials. • The size of NiCo 2 O 4 nanocorals is easy to be can be controlled by adjusting calcination temperature. • Unique structure enhances rates of electron transfer and mass transport, NiCo 2 O 4 shows high electrochemical performance. - Abstract: There is a great need to develop high-performance electroactive materials for supercapacitors. The study reported a facile and scalable strategy for synthesis of size-tunable NiCo 2 O 4 with nanocoral-like architecture. Cobalt nitrate and nickel nitrate were dissolved in a tertbutanol solution and heated to reflux state under microwave radiation. The amounts of ammonia was dropped into the mixed solution to form nickel/cobalt double hydroxides. The reaction can complete within 15 min with the productivity of 99.9%. The obtained double hydroxides display flowercluster-like ultrathin nanostructure. The double hydroxide was calcined into different NiCo 2 O 4 products using different calcination temperature, including 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C. The resulting NiCo 2 O 4 is of nanocoral-like architecture. Interestingly, the size of coral can be easily controlled by adjusting the temperature. The NiCo 2 O 4 prepared at 400°C gives a minimum building block size (10.2 nm) and maximum specific surface area (108.8 m 2 ·g −1 ). The unique structure will greatly

  10. Studies on the preparation and evaluation of colloidal chromic phosphate - 32P for possible therapeutic use

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prabhakar, G.; Mehra, K.S.; Ramamoorthy, N.

    2001-01-01

    Radionuclide therapy has become the focus of recent attention in nuclear medicine, thanks to the emergence of new therapeutic radionuclides as well as the known prospects of local instillation approach and the exciting promise of targeted therapy concept. This has naturally led to a revived interest in the use of established products of earlier generation also, for example 32 P compounds. In response to such a demand of nuclear medicine physicians in India, 32 P labelled colloidal chromic phosphate suspension (CCPS) was prepared by suitable modifications to a reported procedure. 51 Cr was used as tracer for initial studies of standardisation, in order to avail the benefits of relatively greater ease and higher efficiency of assay of gamma activity at low levels. Recovery of the colloid and purification were accomplished by dialysis leading to about 60% radiochemical (RC) yield. The RC purity of the CCPS formulated in 30% dextrose solution was over 98% as assessed by paper chromatography. The particle size was below 5μM, with nearly 99% of the particles present in the size range of 0.6-2.5 μM. The stability of the colloid was found to be not less than 7 days, in terms of soluble phosphate content of the CCPS. The consistency of biological behaviour of CCPS was attempted to be studied by i.v. administration in test animals, although the envisaged end use is only by local instillation. The animal studies revealed prominent lung uptake (∼70%) indicating the presence of >10μM particles formed in vivo, most probably due to agglomeration in serum. The easy reliable preparation of CCPS in acceptable yield, purity and particle size distribution demonstrated in the present study, considered along with the added advantages of abundant, economic availability and convenient production logistics of no-carrier-added 32 P, would merit further investigations on CCPS and similar *M(III)-phosphate colloids for possible therapeutic applications. (author)

  11. Influence of PVP in magnetic properties of NiSn nanoparticles prepared by polyol method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bobadilla, L.F., E-mail: lbobadilla@iciq.es [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Centro mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Av. Americo Vespucio, 41092 Sevilla (Spain); Garcia, C. [Physics Department, Bogazici University, North Campus KB 331-O, Bebek/Istambul (Turkey); Delgado, J.J. [Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica y Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain); Sanz, O. [Grupo de Ingenieria Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian (Spain); Romero-Sarria, F.; Centeno, M.A.; Odriozola, J.A. [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Centro mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Av. Americo Vespucio, 41092 Sevilla (Spain)

    2012-11-15

    The influence of PVP on the magnetic properties of NiSn nanoparticles prepared by polyol method has been studied. NiSn nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic behavior although there is a ferromagnetic contribution due to particles agglomerated below the blocking temperature. The particle size is controlled by the addiction of PVP in varying amounts. The addition of PVP also favours the particles isolation, narrow the particle size distribution and decrease the interparticle interaction strength increasing the superparamagnetic contribution. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ni{sub x}Sn{sub y} alloys nanoparticles have been prepared by polyol method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NiSn nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The PVP addition favours the particles isolation.

  12. Improved magnetic induction heating of nanoferrites for hyperthermia applications: Correlation with colloidal stability and magneto-structural properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khot, V.M.; Salunkhe, A.B.; Ruso, J.M.; Pawar, S.H.

    2015-01-01

    Nanoferrites with compositions Mn 0.4 Zn 0.6 Fe 2 O 4 , Co 0.4 Zn 0.6 Fe 2 O 4 , Ni 0.4 Zn 0.6 Fe 2 O 4 (MZF, CZF and NZF respectively) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared in a single step. These nanoparticles are highly water dispersible with zeta potential values between 14 and 21 mV. Magnetic induction heating characteristics of these NPs have been studied as a function of magnetic field amplitude from 6.7 to 26.7 kA m −1 (at fixed frequency 265 kHz) and concentration of nanoparticles. Notable enhancement in specific absorption rate (334.5 W g −1 ) by CZF nanoparticles has been observed. This enhanced induction heating properties have been studied and correlated with colloidal stability and magnetostructural properties such as tuned magnetic anisotropy arising from zinc substitution. Cytotoxicity of synthesized mixed ferrites has been evaluated in vitro on HeLa cell lines using MTT assay to explore their use as heating agents in magnetic hyperthermia. - Highlights: • Magnetic nanoferrites (sizes 8–12 nm) with improved specific absorption rate (334.5 W g −1 ) at lowest particle concentration have been prepared • The results have been explained by correlating colloidal stability and magnetostructural properties such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy. • It has been shown that substitution of zinc tunes anisotropy of cobalt iron oxide within the value optimized previously in achieving high throughput in magnetic induction heating. • In vitro cytotoxicity proves nanoparticles are non-toxic suggesting their use as a potential heating agent in hyperthermia therapy

  13. Synthesis and hydrogen storage of La23Nd7.8Ti1.1Ni33.9Co32.9Al0.65 alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priyanka Meena

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available The present work investigates structural and hydrogen storage properties of first time synthesized La23Nd7.8Ti1.1Ni33.9Co32.9Al0.65 alloy by arc melting process and ball milled to get it in nano structure form. XRD analysis of as-prepared alloy showed single phased hexagonal LaNi5-type structure with 52 nm average particle size, which reduces to about 31 nm after hydrogenations. Morphological studies by SEM were undertaken to investigate the effect of hydrogenation of nanostructured alloy. EDX analysis confirmed elemental composition of the as-prepared alloy. Activation energy for hydrogen desorption was studied using TGA analysis and found to be −76.86 kJ/mol. Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions and absorption kinetics were measured at temperature 100 °C. The equilibrium plateau pressure was determined to be 2 bar at 100 °C giving hydrogen storage capacity of about 2.1 wt%. Keywords: Hydrogen storage, La23Nd7.8Ti1.1Ni33.9Co32.9Al0.65 alloy, SEM, EDS, TGA, Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation

  14. Particle size effect of Ni-rich cathode materials on lithium ion battery performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hwang, Ilkyu; Lee, Chul Wee; Kim, Jae Chang; Yoon, Songhun

    2012-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The preparation condition of Ni-rich cathode materials was investigated. When the retention time was short, a poor cathode performance was observed. For long retention time condition, cathode performance displayed a best result at pH 12. Highlights: ► Ni-rich cathode materials (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ) were prepared by co-precipitation method using separate addition of Al salt. ► Particle size of Ni-rich cathode materials became larger with increase of retention time and solution pH. ► Cathode performance was poor for low retention time. ► Optimal pH for co-precipitation was 12. -- Abstract: Herein, Ni-rich cathode materials (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ) in lithium ion batteries are prepared by a separate addition of Ni/Co salt and Al sol solution using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Retention time and solution pH were controlled in order to obtain high performance cathode material. Particle size increase was observed with a higher retention time of the reactants. Also, primary and secondary particles became smaller according to an increase of solution pH, which was probably due to a decrease of growth rate. From the cathode application, a high discharge capacity (175 mAh g −1 ), a high initial efficiency (90%) and a good cycleability were observed in the cathode material prepared under pH 12 condition, which was attributed to its well-developed layered property and the optimal particle size. However, rate capability was inversely proportional to the particle size, which was clarified by a decrease of charge-transfer resistance measured in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

  15. Preparation and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg-Rich Mg-Ni Ultrafine Particles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jianxin Zou

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available In the present work, Mg-rich Mg-Ni ultrafine powders were prepared through an arc plasma method. The phase components, microstructure, and hydrogen storage properties of the powders were carefully investigated. It is found that Mg2Ni and MgNi2 could be obtained directly from the vapor state reactions between Mg and Ni, depending on the local vapor content in the reaction chamber. A nanostructured MgH2 + Mg2NiH4 hydrogen storage composite could be generated after hydrogenation of the Mg-Ni ultrafine powders. After dehydrogenation, MgH2 and Mg2NiH4 decomposed into nanograined Mg and Mg2Ni, respectively. Thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC analyses showed that Mg2NiH4 phase may play a catalytic role in the dehydriding process of the hydrogenated Mg ultrafine particles.

  16. Enhanced cycling stability of NiCo2S4@NiO core-shell nanowire arrays for all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Yuanyuan; Shi, Tielin; Jiang, Shulan; Cheng, Siyi; Tao, Xiangxu; Zhong, Yan; Liao, Guanglan; Tang, Zirong

    2016-12-01

    As a new class of pseudocapacitive material, metal sulfides possess high electrochemical performance. However, their cycling performance as conventional electrodes is rather poor for practical applications. In this article, we report an original composite electrode based on NiCo2S4@NiO core-shell nanowire arrays (NWAs) with enhanced cycling stability. This three-dimensional electrode also has a high specific capacitance of 12.2 F cm-2 at the current density of 1 mA cm-2 and excellent cycling stability (about 89% retention after 10,000 cycles). Moreover, an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device has been assembled with NiCo2S4@NiO NWAs as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, delivering a high energy density of 30.38 W h kg-1 at 0.288 KW kg-1 and good cycling stability (about 109% retention after 5000 cycles). The results show that NiCo2S4@NiO NWAs are promising for high-performance supercapacitors with stable cycling based on the unique core-shell structure and well-designed combinations.

  17. Colloidal superballs

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rossi, L.

    2012-01-01

    This thesis is organized in four parts as follows. Part 1 focuses on the synthetic aspects of the colloidal model systems that will be used throughout the work described in this thesis. In Chapter 2 we describe synthetic procedures for the preparation of polycrystalline hematite superballs and

  18. One-dimensional Co(II)/Ni(II) complexes of 2-hydroxyisophthalate: Structures and magnetic properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Kai; Zou, Hua-Hong; Chen, Zi-Lu; Zhang, Zhong; Sun, Wei-Yin; Liang, Fu-Pei

    2015-01-01

    The solvothermal reactions of 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid (H 3 ipO) with M(NO 3 ) 2 ∙6H 2 O (M=Co, Ni) afforded two complexes [Co 2 (HipO) 2 (Py) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (1) and [Ni(HipO)(Py)H 2 O] (2) (Py=pyridine). They exhibit similar zig-zag chain structures with the adjacent two metal centers connected by a anti-syn bridging carboxylate group from the HipO 2− ligand. The magnetic measurements reveal the dominant antiferromagnetic interactions and spin-canting in 1 while ferromagnetic interactions in 2. Both of them exhibit magnetocaloric effect (MCE) with the resulting entropy changes (−ΔS m ) of 12.51 J kg −1 K −1 when ΔH=50 kOe at 3 K for 1 and 11.01 J kg −1 K −1 when ΔH=50 kOe at 3 K for 2, representing the rare examples of one-dimensional complexes with MCE. - Graphical abstract: Synopsis: Two Co(II)/Ni(II) complexes with zig-zag chain structures have been reported. 1-Co shows cant-antiferromagnetism while 2-Ni shows ferromagnetism. Magnetocaloric effect is also found in both of them. - Highlights: • Two one-dimensional Co(II)/Ni(II) complexes were solvothermally synthesized. • The Co-complex exhibits canted antiferromagnetism. • The Ni-complex exhibits ferromagnetism. • Both of the complexes display magnetocaloric effect

  19. The structure and properties of ZrN-Ni-Co-coatings on the edges steel knives of wood-cutting tools

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chaevskij, V.V.; Grishkevich, A.A.; Zhilinskij, V.V.; Kuleshov, A.K.

    2015-01-01

    Modes were selected and formed electroplated Ni-Co-coatings, ion-plasma Zr N-coatings as well as combined Zr N-Ni-Co-coating on the edges steel (type R6M5) knives of wood-cutting milling tools. Formed electroplated Ni-Co-layers are not mixed with the steel substrate and the Zr N-coating. Microhardness of combined Zr N-Ni-Co-coatings is to 1,2-1,5 times more than microhardness of steel base and bare steel. When cutting laminated chipboard by steel knives of milling tool with a Ni-Co- and Zr N-Ni-Co-coatings under laboratory conditions, abrasive surface wear type of edges knives is observed. Calculating bulk wear of edges knives with Zr N-Ni-Co-coatings showed reduction of more than 3 times value in comparison with knives with Ni-Co-coatings. Pilot testing of tool modified with combined Zr N-Ni-Co-coatings at OJSC 'Minskdrev' when cutting pine confirmed relevance of the tests carried out, as well as showed an increase in durability period of cutters to 30% compared with bare tool. (authors)

  20. Electrodeposited Porous Mn1.5Co1.5O₄/Ni Composite Electrodes for High-Voltage Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Guan-Ting; Chong, Siewhui; Yang, Thomas C-K; Huang, Chao-Ming

    2017-03-31

    Mesoporous Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O₄ (MCO) spinel films were prepared directly on a conductive nickel (Ni) foam substrate via electrodeposition and an annealing treatment as supercapacitor electrodes. The electrodeposition time markedly influenced the surface morphological, textural, and supercapacitive properties of MCO/Ni electrodes. The (MCO/Ni)-15 min electrode (electrodeposition time: 15 min) exhibited the highest capacitance among three electrodes (electrodeposition times of 7.5, 15, and 30 min, respectively). Further, an asymmetric supercapacitor that utilizes (MCO/Ni)-15 min as a positive electrode, a plasma-treated activated carbon (PAC)/Ni electrode as a negative electrode, and carboxymethyl cellulose-lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) gel electrolyte (denoted as (PAC/Ni)//(MCO/Ni)-15 min) was fabricated. In a stable operation window of 2.0 V, the device exhibited an energy density of 27.6 Wh·kg -1 and a power density of 1.01 kW·kg -1 at 1 A·g -1 . After 5000 cycles, the specific energy density retention and power density retention were 96% and 92%, respectively, demonstrating exceptional cycling stability. The good supercapacitive performance and excellent stability of the (PAC/Ni)//(MCO/Ni)-15 min device can be ascribed to the hierarchical structure and high surface area of the (MCO/Ni)-15 min electrode, which facilitate lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation at the electrode/electrolyte interface and mitigate volume change during long-term charge/discharge cycling.

  1. Synthesis, spectral, thermal studies and electrical conductivity of Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes 3-[4-dimethylaminophenyl]-1-(2-pyridyl) prop-2-en-1-one (DMAPP)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gaber, Mohamed, E-mail: abuelazm@yahoo.com [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta (Egypt); Al-Daly, Samy; Fayed, Tarek [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta (Egypt); El-Sayed, Yousif [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta (Egypt)

    2015-01-15

    Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of 3-[4-dimethylaminophenyl]-1-(2-pyridyl)prop-2-en-1-one have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, electronic spectra as well as thermal studies. The magnetic and spectral studies suggested the octahedral geometry for Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition stages have been evaluated using Coats–Redfern method. The electrical conductivity of the titled ligand and its Co(II) complexes was studied. The effects of different alcoholic solvents, pH and temperature on the complexation formation were considered. Also, the effect of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions on the emission spectrum of the free DMAPP was assigned. The stoichiometry of the metal complexes, the conditional formation constant, free energy, Beer{sup '}s law, molar extinction coefficient as well as specific absorptivity were evaluated. The ability of using the titled ligand as metalochromic indicator in complexometric titration was studied.

  2. Magnetic properties and crystal texture of Co alloy thin films prepared on double bias Cr

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deng, Y.; Lambeth, D. N.; Lee, L.-L.; Laughlin, D. E.

    1993-05-01

    A double layer Cr film structure has been prepared by sputter depositing Cr on single crystal Si substrates first without substrate bias and then with various substrate bias voltages. Without substrate bias, Cr{200} texture grows on Si at room temperature; thus the first Cr layer acts like a seed Cr layer with the {200} texture, and the second Cr layer, prepared with substrate bias, tends to replicate the {200} texture epitaxially. CoCrTa and CoNiCr films prepared on these double Cr underlayers, therefore, tend to have a {112¯0} texture with their c-axes oriented in the plane of the film. At the same time, the bias sputtering of the second Cr layer increases the coercivity of the subsequently deposited magnetic films significantly. Comparison studies of δM curves show that the use of the double Cr underlayers reduces the intergranular exchange interactions. The films prepared on the Si substrates have been compared with the films prepared on canasite and glass substrates. It has also been found that the magnetic properties are similar for films on canasite and on glass.

  3. High frequency and magnetoelectrical properties of magnetoresistive memory element based on FeCoNi/TiN/FeCoNi film

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kurlyandskaya, G. V.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available A miniaturised memory device for information recording and readout processes have been designed on the basis of anisotropic magnetoresistive effect in Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å/ TiN(50Å/Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å three-layered film done by rf diode sputtering. Stable recording and readout processes were available for 32 rectangular element column, where each element had μm dimensions convenient to fabricate memory chip with 106 bits capacity. Rectangles of different sizes with removed corners were used in order to define the geometry of most of all stable recording and readout processes. Magnetoresistance and magnetoimpedance effects of a magnetic memory device have been comparatively analysed. We suggest that the decrease of the absolute value of the magnetoimpedance of the memory device comes from the reduction of the real part via the magnetoresistance.

    Se ha diseñado un dispositivo de memoria para la grabación y lectura de información basado en el efecto de la anisotropía magnetorresistiva de una multicapa fabricada por sputtering mediante diodo de rf. El elemento de memoria se compone de tres películas delgadas, de composición Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å/ TiN(50Å/Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å. El dispositivo permite procesos de grabación y lectura estables, y se compone de 32 elementos de memoria rectangulares por columna, donde cada elemento tiene dimensiones de μm lo que permite la fabricación de memorias integradas con capacidades del orden de 106 bits. Se han ensayado elementos de memoria rectangulares de diferentes tamaños, con las esquinas redondeadas con objeto de conseguir procesos de lectura-escritura lo más estable posible. Se han analizado comparativamente los efectos de magnetorresistencia y magnetoimpedancia de los elementos de memoria de diferentes dimensiones. Sugerimos que la disminución del valor absoluto de la magnetoimpedancia del elemento de memoria es consecuencia de la reducción de la parte real, de origen magnetorresistivo.

  4. Investigation of novel inverted NiO@NixCo1-xO core-shell nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hasan, Samiul; Mayanovic, R. A.; Benamara, Mourad

    2018-05-01

    Inverse core-shell nanoparticles, comprised of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) core covered by a ferromagnetic (FM) or ferrimagnetic (FiM) shell, are of current interest due to their different potential application and due to the tunability of their magnetic properties. The antiferromagnetic nature of NiO and high Néel temperature (523 K) makes this material well suited for inverse core-shell nanoparticle applications. Our primary objective in this project has been to synthesize and characterize inverted core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs) comprised of a NiO (AFM) core and a shell consisting of a NixCo1-xO (FiM) compound. The synthesis of the CSNs was made using a two-step process. The NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical reaction method. Subsequently, the NiO nanoparticles were used to grow the NiO@NixCo1-xO CSNs using our hydrothermal nano-phase epitaxy method. XRD structural characterization shows that the NiO@NixCo1-xO CSNs have the rock salt cubic crystal structure. SEM-EDS data indicates the presence of Co in the CSNs. Magnetic measurements show that the CSNs exhibit AFM/FiM characteristics with a small coercivity field of 30 Oe at 5 K. The field cooled vs zero field cooled hysteresis loop measurements show a magnetization axis shift which is attributed to the exchange bias effect between the AFM NiO core and an FiM NixCo1-xO shell of the CSNs. Our ab initio based calculations of the NixCo1-xO rock salt structure confirm a weak FiM character and a charge transfer insulator property of the compound.

  5. Investigation of novel inverted NiO@NixCo1-xO core-shell nanoparticles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samiul Hasan

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Inverse core-shell nanoparticles, comprised of an antiferromagnetic (AFM core covered by a ferromagnetic (FM or ferrimagnetic (FiM shell, are of current interest due to their different potential application and due to the tunability of their magnetic properties. The antiferromagnetic nature of NiO and high Néel temperature (523 K makes this material well suited for inverse core-shell nanoparticle applications. Our primary objective in this project has been to synthesize and characterize inverted core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs comprised of a NiO (AFM core and a shell consisting of a NixCo1-xO (FiM compound. The synthesis of the CSNs was made using a two-step process. The NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical reaction method. Subsequently, the NiO nanoparticles were used to grow the NiO@NixCo1-xO CSNs using our hydrothermal nano-phase epitaxy method. XRD structural characterization shows that the NiO@NixCo1-xO CSNs have the rock salt cubic crystal structure. SEM-EDS data indicates the presence of Co in the CSNs. Magnetic measurements show that the CSNs exhibit AFM/FiM characteristics with a small coercivity field of 30 Oe at 5 K. The field cooled vs zero field cooled hysteresis loop measurements show a magnetization axis shift which is attributed to the exchange bias effect between the AFM NiO core and an FiM NixCo1-xO shell of the CSNs. Our ab initio based calculations of the NixCo1-xO rock salt structure confirm a weak FiM character and a charge transfer insulator property of the compound.

  6. NMR-ON on 60CoCo(fcc, hcp, thin film), 52MnCo(fcc), and 90NbCo(fcc)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zech, E.; Hagn, E.; Ernst, H.; Eska, G.

    1978-01-01

    With the NMR-ON method the magnetic hyperfine splitting constant of dilute impurities in a ferromagnetic host material (Fe, Ni, Co) can be determined with high accuracy (10 -3 ...10 -4 ). Only few NMR-ON experiments with Co as host lattice have been performed up to now. In constrast to Fe and Ni, two stable modifications exist for Co (fcc and hcp). In the hcp case the magnetic hyperfine field is expected to be anisotropic. Due to the electric field gradient, which is present in this case, a (small) guadrupole interaction is superimposed to the magnetic hyperfine interaction. For 60 CoCo measurements were done on a fcc foil, a hcp single crystal, and on thin films, which were prepared by evaporating Co into glass. For 52 MnCo and 90 NbCo measurements were performed for fcc Co. (Auth.)

  7. Shear Stress in Nickel and Ni-60Co under One-Dimensional Shock Loading

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Workman, A.; Wallwork, A.; Meziere, Y. J. E.; Millett, J. C. F.; Bourne, N. K.

    2006-01-01

    The dynamic response of pure nickel (Ni), and its alloy, Ni-60Co (by weight %), has been investigated during one-dimensional shock loading. Few materials' properties are different and the only significantly altered feature is the reduced stacking fault energy (SFE) for the Ni-60Co. This paper considers the effect of this reduced SFE on the shear strength. Data (in terms of shock stress, particle velocity and shock velocity) are also presented. The influence on the shear stress, τ of cobalt additions in nickel are then investigated and presented. Results indicate that the lateral stress is increasing in both materials with the increasing impact stress. The shear stress was found to be higher in the nickel than in the Ni-60Co. The progressive decrease of the lateral stress noted during loading indicates a complex mechanism of deformation behind the shock front

  8. Magnetoimpedance effects in a CoNiFe nanowire array

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Atalay, S., E-mail: selcuk.atalay@inonu.edu.tr [Inonu University, Science and Arts Faculty, Physics Department, Malatya (Turkey); Kaya, H.; Atalay, F.E.; Aydogmus, E. [Inonu University, Science and Arts Faculty, Physics Department, Malatya (Turkey)

    2013-06-05

    Highlights: ► CoNiFe nanowires were produced by electrodeposition method. ► Magnetoimpedance effect of nanowires arrays were investigated. ► Single peak behaviour was observed in the magnetoimpedance curve. ► Nanowire arrays exhibit uniaxial magnetic anisotropy along the wire axis. -- Abstract: This report describes the growth of CoNiFe nanowires into highly ordered porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates by DC electrodeposition at a pH value of 2.6. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the wires have diameters of approximately 270–290 nm and a length of 25 μm. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the composition of the nanowires is Co{sub 12}Ni{sub 64}Fe{sub 24}. Electrical contacts were created on both sides of the nanowire array, and their magnetoimpedance (MI) properties were investigated. The impedance value was initially 1.2 ohm at low frequency and increased to approximately 1000 ohm for a 33-MHz driving current frequency under no applied magnetic field. All the MI curves exhibited single peak behaviour due to the high shape anisotropy. The maximum MI change at the 33-MHz driving current frequency was 2.72%. The maximum resistance change was 5.4% at 33 MHz.

  9. Quercetin loaded biopolymeric colloidal particles prepared by simultaneous precipitation of quercetin with hydrophobic protein in aqueous medium.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patel, Ashok R; Heussen, Patricia C M; Hazekamp, Johan; Drost, Ellen; Velikov, Krassimir P

    2012-07-15

    Quercetin loaded biopolymeric colloidal particles were prepared by precipitating quercetin (water insoluble polyphenol) and zein (hydrophobic protein), simultaneously, by adding their hydro-alcoholic solution to aqueous solution in presence of sodium caseinate as an electrosteric stabiliser. The presence of protein resulted in altering the shape of quercetin precipitates from needle-like to spherical shape at higher zein proportions, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The average particle size of zein:quercetin composite particles was below 200 nm (130-161 nm) with negative surface charge (-30 to -41 mV), as confirmed by dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic mobility data. Solid state characterisation (X-ray diffraction) and spectroscopic measurements (UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy) confirmed characteristic changes in quercetin due to the entrapment in the biopolymeric matrix of colloidal particles. Results from anti-oxidant study demonstrated the advantage of entrapping quercetin in the colloidal particles in terms of the chemical stability in the alkaline pH and against photodegradation under UV-light irradiation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as Double Promoted Catalyst

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lenny Marlinda

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available The effect of various reaction temperature on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as doubled promoted catalyst were studied. The Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst with various metal loading and metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of catalysts decreased with the increasing of metals loading. The hydrocracking process was conducted under hydrogen initial pressure in batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 300-375 oC for 2 h.  Depending on the experimental condition, the reaction pressure changed between 10 bar and 15 bar.   Several parameters were used to evaluate biofuel produced, including oxygen removal, hydrocarbon composition and gasoline/kerosene/diesel yields. Biofuel was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS. The composition of hydrocarbon compounds in liquid products was similar to the compounds in the gasoil sold in unit of Pertamina Gas Stations, namely pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane with different amounts for each biofuel produced at different reaction temperatures. However, isoparaffin compounds were not formed at all operating conditions. Pentadecane (n-C15 and heptadecane (n-C17 were the most abundant composition in gasoil when Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was used. Cerbera Manghas oil can be recommended as the source of non-edible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reserved Received: 20th May 2016; Revised: 30th January 2017; Accepted: 10th February 2017 How to Cite: Marlinda, L., Al-Muttaqii, M., Gunardi, I., Roesyadi, A., Prajitno, D.H. (2017. Hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas Oil

  11. Toward Aerogel Electrodes of Superior Rate Performance in Supercapacitors through Engineered Hollow Nanoparticles of NiCo2O4.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jianjiang; Chen, Shuai; Zhu, Xiaoyi; She, Xilin; Liu, Tongchao; Zhang, Huawei; Komarneni, Sridhar; Yang, Dongjiang; Yao, Xiangdong

    2017-12-01

    A biomass-templated pathway is developed for scalable synthesis of NiCo 2 O 4 @carbon aerogel electrodes for supercapacitors, where NiCo 2 O 4 hollow nanoparticles with an average outer diameter of 30-40 nm are conjoined by graphitic carbon forming a 3D aerogel structure. This kind of NiCo 2 O 4 aerogel structure shows large specific surface area (167.8 m 2 g -1 ), high specific capacitance (903.2 F g -1 at a current density of 1 A g -1 ), outstanding rate performance (96.2% capacity retention from 1 to 10 A g -1 ), and excellent cycling stability (nearly without capacitance loss after 3000 cycles at 10 A g -1 ). The unique structure of the 3D hollow aerogel synergistically contributes to the high performance. For instance, the 3D interconnected porous structure of the aerogel is beneficial for electrolyte ion diffusion and for shortening the electron transport pathways, and thus can improve the rate performance. The conductive carbon joint greatly enhances the specific capacity, and the hollow structure prohibits the volume changes during the charge-discharge process to significantly improve the cycling stability. This work represents a giant step toward the preparation of high-performance commercial supercapacitors.

  12. Preparation of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-stabilized ZnO colloid nanoparticles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatyana Gutul

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available We propose a method for the synthesis of a colloidal ZnO solution with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP as stabilizer. Stable colloidal solutions with good luminescence properties are obtained by using PVP as stabilizer in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by a sol–gel method assisted by ultrasound. Nanoparticles with sizes of 30–40 nm in a PVP matrix are produced as a solid product. The colloidal ZnO/PVP/methanol solution, apart from the most intense PL band at 356 nm coming from the PVP, exhibits a strong PL band at 376 nm (3.30 eV which corresponds to the emission of the free exciton recombination in ZnO nanoparticles.

  13. Preparation of Ni-C Ultrafine Composite from Waste Material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mahmoud A. Rabah

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available This work depicts the preparation of Ni-C ultrafine composite from used engine oil. The used oil was emulsified with detergent loaded with Ni (OH2. The loaded emulsion was sprayed on electric plasma generated between two C electrodes to a DC main 28 V and 70-80 A. The purged Ni-doped carbon fume was trapped on a polymer film moistened with synthetic adhesive to fix the trapped smoke. Characterization of the deposit was made using SEM. XRD examined the crystal morphology. Carbon density in the cloud was calculated. The average size and thickness of the deposited composite is 120-160 nm. Aliphatic hydrocarbons readily decompose to gaseous products. Solid carbon smoke originates from aromatic compounds. Plasma heat blasts the oil in short time to decompose in one step.

  14. Giant magnetocaloric effect in isostructural MnNiGe-CoNiGe system by establishing a Curie-temperature window

    KAUST Repository

    Liu, E. K.

    2013-03-28

    An effective scheme of isostructural alloying was applied to establish a Curie-temperature window in isostructural MnNiGe-CoNiGe system. With the simultaneous accomplishment of decreasing structural-transition temperature and converting antiferromagnetic martensite to ferromagnetic state, a 200 K Curie-temperature window was established between Curie temperatures of austenite and martensite phases. In the window, a first-order magnetostructural transition between paramagnetic austenite and ferromagnetic martensite occurs with a sharp jump in magnetization, showing a magnetic entropy change as large as −40 J kg−1 K−1 in a 50 kOe field change. This giant magnetocaloric effect enables Mn1− x Co x NiGe to become a potential magnetic refrigerant.

  15. Microwave assisted synthesis of Co doped NiO nanoparticles and its fluorescence properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Agrawal, Shraddha; Parveen, Azra, E-mail: azrap2015@gmail.com; Azam, Ameer

    2017-04-15

    Nanoparticles of Co doped NiO of the composition Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}O(x=0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.15) have been successfully synthesized by microwave gel combustion method using citric acid as a chelating agent. The microstructural and compositional analyses have been carried out by XRD, TEM, FESEM and EDAX. The results of structural characterization shows the formation of Co doped Nickel oxide nanoparticles in single phase without any impurity. Particle size was estimated from XRD and Hall-Williamson relation and was found to increase with the increase in Co content. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) show the bonding relations of Co ions with the Ni lattice framework. Optical analyses were done by UV–visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The absorbance spectra depict an increasing tendency and corresponding decrease in the band gap with the dopant concentration.

  16. An Alumina-Supported Ni-La-Based Catalyst for Producing Synthetic Natural Gas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel E. Rivero-Mendoza

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available LaNi5, known for its hydrogen storage capability, was adapted to the form of a metal oxide-supported (γ-Al2O3 catalyst and its performance for the Sabatier reaction assessed. The 20 wt % La-Ni/γ-Al2O3 particles were prepared via solution combustion synthesis (SCS and exhibited good catalytic activity, achieving a CO2 conversion of 75% with a high CH4 selectivity (98% at 1 atm and 300 °C. Characteristics of the La-Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were identified at various stages of the catalytic process (as-prepared, activated, and post-reaction and in-situ DRIFTS was used to probe the reaction mechanism. The as-prepared catalyst contained amorphous surface La–Ni spinels with particle sizes <6 nm. The reduction process altered the catalyst make-up where, despite the reducing conditions, Ni2+-based particles with diameters between 4 and 20 nm decorated with LaOx moieties were produced. However, the post-reaction catalyst had particle sizes of 4–9 nm and comprised metallic Ni, with the LaOx decoration reverting to a form akin to the as-prepared catalyst. DRIFTS analysis indicated that formates and adsorbed CO species were present on the catalyst surface during the reaction, implying the reaction proceeded via a H2-assisted and sequential CO2 dissociation to C and O. These were then rapidly hydrogenated into CH4 and H2O.

  17. Enhanced activity of Pt/CNTs anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells using Ni2P as co-catalyst

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xiang; Luo, Lanping; Peng, Feng; Wang, Hongjuan; Yu, Hao

    2018-03-01

    The direct methanol fuel cell is a promising energy conversion device because of the utilization of the state-of-the-art platinum (Pt) anode catalyst. In this work, novel Pt/Ni2P/CNTs catalysts were prepared by the H2 reduction method. It was found that the activity and stability of Pt for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) could be significantly enhanced while using nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles as co-catalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the existence of Ni2P affected the particle size and electronic distribution of Pt obviously. Pt/CNTs catalyst, Pt/Ni2P/CNTs catalysts with different Ni2P amount were synthesized, among which Pt/6%Ni2P/CNTs catalyst exhibited the best MOR activity of 1400 mAmg-1Pt, which was almost 2.5 times of the commercial Pt/C-JM catalyst. Moreover, compared to other Pt-based catalysts, this novel Pt/Ni2P/CNTs catalyst also exhibited higher onset current density and better steady current density. The result of this work may provide positive guidance to the research on high efficiency and stability of Pt-based catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.

  18. Magnetic order in Pu2M3Si5 (M = Co, Ni)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bauer, E D; Tobash, P H; Mitchell, J N; Kennison, J A; Ronning, F; Scott, B L; Thompson, J D

    2011-01-01

    The physical properties including magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical resistivity of two new plutonium compounds Pu 2 M 3 Si 5 (M = Co, Ni) are reported. Pu 2 Ni 3 Si 5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic U 2 Co 3 Si 5 structure type, which can be considered a variant of the BaAl 4 tetragonal structure, while Pu 2 Co 3 Si 5 adopts the closely related monoclinic Lu 2 Co 3 Si 5 type. Magnetic order is observed in both compounds, with Pu 2 Ni 3 Si 5 ordering ferromagnetically at T C = 65 K then undergoing a transition into an antiferromagnetic state below T N = 35 K. Two successive magnetic transitions are also observed at T mag1 = 38 K and T mag2 = 5 K in Pu 2 Co 3 Si 5 . Specific heat measurements reveal that these two materials have a moderately enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient γ ∼ 100 mJ/mol Pu K 2 in the magnetic state with comparable RKKY and Kondo energy scales.

  19. Preparation of nano-porous LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with high electrochemical performances by a co-precipitation method for 5 V lithium-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cui, Xiaoling; Li, Hongliang; Li, Shiyou

    2017-10-01

    Porous LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is prepared by co-precipitation method. The results of scanning electron microscopy show that the sample has a nano-porous structure. Charge-discharge tests show that the synthesized product exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a high initial discharge capacity of 129.1 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and a preferably capacity retention of 96.5% after 200 cycles. The superior performance of the synthesized product is attributed to its nano-porous structure. The nanoparticle reduces the path of Li+ diffusion and increases the reaction sites for lithium insertion/extraction, the pores provide room to buffer the volume changes during charge-discharge.

  20. 60Co, 63Ni and 94Nb soil-to-plant transfer in pot experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gerzabek, M.H.; Mohamad, S.A.; Mueck, K.; Horak, O.

    1995-01-01

    Soil-to-plant transfer factors for 60 Co, 63 Ni and 94 Nb were obtained via pot experiments with a Dystric Cambisol and a Calcic Chernozem, both from Lower Austria. Investigated plants were greenrape (Brassica napus oleifera L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The soil-to-plant transfer factors decreased from 63 Ni to 60 Co and 94 Nb. Mean values from all experiments ranged from 1.12 ( 63 Ni) to 0.0045 ( 94 Nb). The transfer values obtained for 60 Co and 63 Ni are comparable to literature values, but 94 Nb-transfer seems to be lower than previous estimates. All radionuclides showed differences between plant species and plant organs. Transfer values were also dependent on the soil type. (author)