Effects of the Seed Distance on the Characteristics of the (100)/(100) Junctions of Top-Seeded Melt Growth Processed YBCO Superconductors Using Two Seeds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, C.J.; Gee, Y.A.; Hong, G.Y. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon (Korea); Kim, H.J.; Joo, J.H. [Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon (Korea); Han, S.C.; Han, Y.H.; Sung, T.H.; Kim, S.J. [Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Taejon (Korea)

1999-06-01

The effects of the distance (d) between two Sm{sub 1.8}Ba{sub 2.4}Cu{sub 3.4}Ox seeds on the characteristics of the (100)/(100) junctions of top-seeded melt growth processed YBCO superconductors were investigated. The trapped magnetic field at the grain junction and the levitation force of the top surface decreased with increasing d value. The degradation of the properties is attributed to the presence of the residual melt-forming phases (CuO and BaCUO{sub 2}) at the grain junction, whose amount depends on the d value. (author). 18 refs., 10 figs.

Structural changes between 100 and 300 K of the high-Tc superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O studied by positron annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S.J.; Li, X.H.; Chen, Y.L.; Li, S.Q.; Fong, G.H.; Wang, Z.

1989-01-01

The structural changes of the high-T c superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O between 100 and 300 K are studied by positron lifetime and Doppler broadening measurements as a function of temperature. There are anomalous changes in the positron lifetimes and Doppler broadening S-parameters near 130 and 260 K, which is consistent with some reported experimental results. These anomalies may be caused by the lattice instabilities, such as the ordering readjustment of oxygen vacancies. (author)

Raman scattering of type-I clathrate compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takasu, Y.; Hasegawa, T.; Ogita, N.; Udagawa, M.; Avila, M.A.; Takabatake, T.

2006-01-01

Lattice dynamical properties of the type-I clathrate compounds of A 8 Ga 16 Ge 30 (A=Eu, Sr, Ba) have been investigated by Raman scattering. We are successful in the assignment of the observed Raman active phonons to proper symmetry and are able to separate the guest atom origin modes from framework origin modes for the first time experimentally. From the measurements of temperature dependence of the guest origin peaks, we also demonstrate the difference of the behavior of the guest atom at high temperature and low temperature

Isothermal cross-sections of Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems at 673 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kutsenok, N.L.; Yanson, T.I.

1987-01-01

X-ray and microstructural analyses are used to study phase equilibria in Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems. Existence of SrAl 2 Ge 2 , Sr(Al, Ge) 2 Ba(Al, Ge) 2 , Sr 3 Al 2 Ge 2 , Ba 3 Al 2 Ge 2 ternary compounds is confirmed, a new BaGe 4 binary compound and also new ternary compounds of approximate composition Sr 57 Al 30 Ge 13 and Ba 20 Al 40 Ge 40 , which crystal structure is unknown, are detected. Aluminium solubility in SrAl 4 and BaAl 4 binary compounds (0.05 atomic fraction) is determined. Ba(Al, Ge) 2 compound homogeneity region is defined more exactly (aluminium content varies from 0.27 to 0.51 at. fractions)

Defining the Thermal Stability of Ba8Ga16Ge30 and its Future in Thermoelectrics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reardon, Hazel; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt; Blichfeld, Anders Bank

The majority of research on the auspicious n/p-Ba8Ga16-xGe30+x (BGG) Type-I thermoelectric clathrates has been focused on property measurements at low temperature. High temperature property measurements have also been reported for BGG, although they have not yet been fully explained. Therefore...... to evaluate the underlying chemistry of the anomalies seen in thermoelectric property measurements. Using X-ray diffraction and DTA-TG, we have discovered that BGG is not chemically stable at high temperatures over a range of thermal treatment periods. Our variable temperature synchrotron XRD measurements...... and longer term annealing experiments reveal that Ge evolution is the first indicator of BGG decomposition. This presentation summarizes the results from these research activities and highlight that the slow decomposition kinetics of BGG have been overlooked on the timescales typically used...

Recent progress in material technology on RE-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teshima, Hidekazu; Morita, Mitsuru

2011-01-01

The current status of large-grained RE-Ba-Cu-O (RE: Y or rare earth elements) bulk superconductors with excellent superconducting properties is described. Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors can trap a very high magnetic field even if they are melt-processed in air. Although the electromagnetic force caused by the trapped field is larger for a larger sample and may break the sample, a large sample of Gd-Ba-Cu-O 46 mm in diameter has the potential of trapped magnetic fields greater than 10 T at around 40 K. In addition, single-grained bulk superconductors as large as 150 mm can be obtained using the RE compositional gradient method. Dy-Ba-Cu-O is an ideal material for current leads because it has low thermal conductivity and high critical current density at 77 K in high magnetic fields. Eu-Ba-Cu-O has low magnetic permeability, and is therefore suitable for bulk NMR applications. Progress in machining technology has made possible various bulk superconductors with complicated shapes such as coils, leading to small and strong electromagnets by stacking several coil-shaped bulk superconductors together. (author)

Three new chalcohalides, Ba4Ge2PbS8Br2, Ba4Ge2PbSe8Br2 and Ba4Ge2SnS8Br2: Syntheses, crystal structures, band gaps, and electronic structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Zuohong; Feng, Kai; Tu, Heng; Kang, Lei; Lin, Zheshuai; Yao, Jiyong; Wu, Yicheng

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Three new chalcohalides: Ba 4 Ge 2 PbS 8 Br 2 , Ba 4 Ge 2 PbSe 8 Br 2 and Ba 4 Ge 2 SnS 8 Br 2 have been synthesized. • The MQ 5 Br octahedra and GeQ 4 tetrahedra form a three-dimensional framework with Ba 2+ in the channels. • Band Gaps and electronic structures of the three compounds were studied. - Abstract: Single crystals of three new chalcohalides: Ba 4 Ge 2 PbS 8 Br 2 , Ba 4 Ge 2 PbSe 8 Br 2 and Ba 4 Ge 2 SnS 8 Br 2 have been synthesized for the first time. These isostructural compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma. In the structure, the tetra-valent Ge atom is tetrahedrally coordinated with four Q (Q = S, Se) atoms, while the bi-valent M atom (M = Pb, Sn) is coordinated with an obviously distorted octahedron of five Q (Q = S, Se) atoms and one Br atom, showing the stereochemical activity of the ns 2 lone pair electron. The MQ 5 Br (M = Sn, Pb; Q = S, Se) distorted octahedra and the GeQ 4 (Q = S, Se) tetrahedra are connected to each other to form a three-dimensional framework with channels occupied by Ba 2+ cations. Based on UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy measurements and the electronic structure calculations, Ba 4 Ge 2 PbS 8 Br 2 , Ba 4 Ge 2 PbSe 8 Br 2 and Ba 4 Ge 2 SnS 8 Br 2 have indirect band gaps of 2.054, 1.952, and 2.066 eV respectively, which are mainly determined by the orbitals from the Ge, M and Q atoms (M = Pb, Sn; Q = S, Se)

Improvement of the field-trapping capabilities of bulk Nd Ba Cu O superconductors using Ba Cu O substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Matsui, Motohide; Nariki, Shinya; Sakai, Naomichi; Iwafuchi, Kengo; Murakami, Masato

2006-07-01

We used Ba-Cu-O substrates to fabricate bulk Nd-Ba-Cu-O superconductors using a top-seeded melt-growth method. There were several advantages for the use of Ba-Cu-O substrate compared to conventional substrate materials such as MgO, ZrO2, Al2O3, RE123 and RE211 (RE = rare earth). The Ba-Cu-O did not react with the precursor and minimized liquid loss. Accordingly, the introduction of large-sized cracks was suppressed. We also found that Tc values were high at the bottom regions, which was ascribed to the beneficial effect of Ba-Cu-O in suppressing Nd/Ba substitution. As a result, we obtained bulk Nd-Ba-Cu-O superconductors that exhibited fairly good field-trapping capabilities, even at the bottom surfaces.

Understanding lattice thermal conductivity in thermoelectric clathrates: A density functional theory study on binary Si-based type-I clathrates

Science.gov (United States)

Euchner, Holger; Pailhès, Stéphane; Giordano, Valentina M.; de Boissieu, Marc

2018-01-01

Despite their crystalline nature, thermoelectric clathrates exhibit a strongly reduced lattice thermal conductivity. While the reason for this unexpected behavior is known to lie in the peculiarities of the complex crystal structure and the interplay of the underlying guest-host framework, their respective roles are still not fully disentangled and understood. Our ab initio study of the most simple type-I clathrate phase, the binary compound Ba8Si46 and its derivatives Ba8 -xSi46 seeks to identify these mechanisms and provides insight into their origin. Indeed, the strongly decreased lattice thermal conductivity in thermoelectric clathrates is a consequence of a reduction of the acoustic phonon bandwidth, a lowering of the acoustic phonon group velocities, and the amplification of three-phonon-scattering processes. While the complexity of the crystal structure is demonstrated not to be the leading factor, the reasons are manifold. A modified Si-Si interaction causes a first decrease of the sound velocity, whereas the presence of flat Ba modes results in an additional lowering. These modes correspond to confined Bloch states that are localized on the Ba atoms and significantly increase the scattering phase space and, together with an increased anharmonicity of the interatomic interactions, strongly affect the phonon lifetimes.

Stoichiometric analysis of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors using deuterons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, S.M.; Ong, T.H.; Tan, M.G.; Loh, K.K.; Sow, C.H.; Yuan, B.; Orlic, I.

1993-01-01

In principle, deuteron irradiation can be used for a complete stoichiometric analysis of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors. The contents of all the four chemical constituents can be determined by simultaneous detection of the 0.871 MeV prompt gamma rays from the 16 O(d, pγ) 17 O * reaction and of the characteristic X-rays produced by DIXE (deuteron induced X-ray emission). In this paper we present the approach taken and the results obtained in exploring the applicability of this technique for accurate quantitative determinations of the chemical constituents of bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors. (orig.)

Structural instabilities in superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O studied by positron annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Shaojie; Li Xiaohua; Chen Yilong; Li Shiqing; Feng Guohua; Wang Zhu; Chen Ang; Li Biaorong

1989-01-01

The positron lifetime and Doppler broadening were measured as a function of temperature between 100K and 300K for Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor. There are anomalous changes in the positron lifetimes and S parameters near 130K and 260K which imply that some phase transitions related to superconductivity happenned there. The results were discussed in terms of the lattice instabilities which may caused by the ordering readjustment of oxygen vacancies

Growth of BaSi2 continuous films on Ge(111) by molecular beam epitaxy and fabrication of p-BaSi2/n-Ge heterojunction solar cells

Science.gov (United States)

Takabe, Ryota; Yachi, Suguru; Tsukahara, Daichi; Toko, Kaoru; Suemasu, Takashi

2017-05-01

We grew BaSi2 films on Ge(111) substrates by various growth methods based on molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). First, we attempted to form BaSi2 films directly on Ge(111) by MBE without templates. We next formed BaSi2 films using BaGe2 templates as commonly used for MBE growth of BaSi2 on Si substrates. Contrary to our prediction, the lateral growth of BaSi2 was not promoted by these two methods; BaSi2 formed not into a continuous film but into islands. Although streaky patterns of reflection high-energy electron diffraction were observed inside the growth chamber, no X-ray diffraction lines of BaSi2 were observed in samples taken out from the growth chamber. Such BaSi2 islands were easily to get oxidized. We finally attempted to form a continuous BaSi2 template layer on Ge(111) by solid phase epitaxy, that is, the deposition of amorphous Ba-Si layers onto MBE-grown BaSi2 epitaxial islands, followed by post annealing. We achieved the formation of an approximately 5-nm-thick BaSi2 continuous layer by this method. Using this BaSi2 layer as a template, we succeeded in forming a-axis-oriented 520-nm-thick BaSi2 epitaxial films on Ge substrates, although (111)-oriented Si grains were included in the grown layer. We next formed a B-doped p-BaSi2(20 nm)/n-Ge(111) heterojunction solar cell. A wide-spectrum response from 400 to 2000 nm was achieved. At an external bias voltage of 1 V, the external quantum efficiency reached as high as 60%, demonstrating the great potential of BaSi2/Ge combination. However, the efficiency of a solar cell under AM1.5 illumination was quite low (0.1%). The origin of such a low efficiency was examined.

Advances in enlargement of melt-textured Gd-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nariki, S; Sakai, N; Kita, M; Fujikura, M; Murakami, M; Hirabayashi, I

2006-01-01

We investigated the fabrication of melt-textured Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors with the employment of a Gd 2 BaO 4 (Gd210)-BaCuO 2 -CuO precursor. This enabled us to synthesize a very large Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor, 140 mm in diameter. The trapped field distribution measured at 77 K revealed that the sample had no serious cracks, and the maximum field was 2.3 T. The formation behaviour and depressing mechanism of cracking were studied using sintered Gd210-containing precursors. The Ba-Cu-O component in the precursor melted at around 900 deg. C. The formation of such a liquid phase enhanced the densification of the precursor by liquid phase sintering. The mechanical strength of the sintered precursor was increased compared to the conventional Gd123-Gd211 precursor. This will be effective in preventing crack formation in the texturing process of large single-grain samples. The superconducting properties of the bulk sample fabricated from Gd210-containing precursor have been discussed

Type I Clathrates as Novel Silicon Anodes: An Electrochemical and Structural Investigation

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ying; Raghavan, Rahul; Wagner, Nicholas A.; Davidowski, Stephen K.; Baggetto, Loïc; Zhao, Ran; Cheng, Qian; Yarger, Jeffery L.; Veith, Gabriel M.; Ellis‐Terrell, Carol; Miller, Michael A.; Chan, Kwai S.

2015-01-01

Silicon clathrates contain cage‐like structures that can encapsulate various guest atoms or molecules. An electrochemical evaluation of type I silicon clathrates based on Ba8AlySi46−y as the anode material for lithium‐ion batteries is presented here. Postcycling characterization with nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray diffraction shows no discernible structural or volume changes even after electrochemical insertion of 44 Li (≈1 Li/Si) into the clathrate structure. The observed properties are in stark contrast with lithiation of other silicon anodes, which become amorphous and suffer from large volume changes. The electrochemical reactions are proposed to occur as single phase reactions at approximately 0.2 and 0.4 V versus Li/Li+ during lithiation and delithiation, respectively, distinct from diamond cubic or amorphous silicon anodes. Reversible capacities as high as 499 mAh g−1 at a 5 mA g−1 rate were observed for silicon clathrate with composition Ba8Al8.54Si37.46, corresponding to ≈1.18 Li/Si. These results show that silicon clathrates could be promising durable anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. PMID:27980951

Structural, electronic and optical characteristics of SrGe{sub 2} and BaGe{sub 2}: A combined experimental and computational study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Mukesh, E-mail: mkgarg79@gmail.com [Environmental Remediation Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044 (Japan); Umezawa, Naoto [Environmental Remediation Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044 (Japan); Imai, Motoharu [Superconducting Properties Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0047 (Japan)

2015-05-05

Highlights: • Charge transfer between cation and anion atoms observed first time in digermandies. • Study yields a band gap of ∼1 eV and ∼0.85 eV for SrGe{sub 2} and BaGe{sub 2}, respectively. • Band gap decrease with the application of hydrostatic pressure. • Localized cation d states lead to a large absorption coefficient (>7.5 × 10{sup 4} cm{sup −1}). - Abstract: SrGe{sub 2} and BaGe{sub 2} were characterized for structural, electronic and optical properties by means of diffuse reflectance and first-principles density functional theory. These two germanides crystallize in the BaSi{sub 2}-type structure, in which Ge atoms are arranged in tetrahedral configuration. The calculation indicates a charge transfer from Sr (or Ba) atoms to Ge atoms along with the formation of covalent bonds among Ge atoms in Ge tetrahedral. The computational results confirm that these two germanies are Zintl phase described as Sr{sub 2}Ge{sub 4} (or Ba{sub 2}Ge{sub 4}), which are characterized by positively charged [Sr{sub 2} (or Ba{sub 2})]{sup 2.59+} and negatively charged [Ge{sub 4}]{sup 2.59−} units acting as cation and anion, respectively. These compounds are indirect gap semiconductors with band gap estimated to be E{sub g} = 1.02 eV for BaGe{sub 2} and E{sub g} = 0.89 eV for SrGe{sub 2} which are in good agreement with our experimental measured values (E{sub g} = 0.97 eV for BaGe{sub 2} and E{sub g} = 0.82 eV for SrGe{sub 2}). Our calculations demonstrate that the band gaps are narrowed by application of hydrostatic pressure; the pressure coefficients are estimated to be −10.54 for SrGe{sub 2} and −10.06 meV/GPa for BaGe{sub 2}. Optical properties reveal that these compounds have large absorption coefficient (∼7.5 × 10{sup 4} cm{sup −1} at 1.5 eV) and the estimated high frequency (static) dielectric constant are, ε{sub ∞}(ε{sub 0}) ≈ 12.8(20.97) for BaGe{sub 2} and ε{sub ∞}(ε{sub 0}) ≈ 14.27(22.87) for SrGe{sub 2}.

Type I Clathrates as Novel Silicon Anodes: An Electrochemical and Structural Investigation

OpenAIRE

Li, Ying; Raghavan, Rahul; Wagner, Nicholas A.; Davidowski, Stephen K.; Baggetto, Lo?c; Zhao, Ran; Cheng, Qian; Yarger, Jeffery L.; Veith, Gabriel M.; Ellis?Terrell, Carol; Miller, Michael A.; Chan, Kwai S.; Chan, Candace K.

2015-01-01

Silicon clathrates contain cage?like structures that can encapsulate various guest atoms or molecules. An electrochemical evaluation of type I silicon clathrates based on Ba8Al y Si46?y as the anode material for lithium?ion batteries is presented here. Postcycling characterization with nuclear magnetic resonance and X?ray diffraction shows no discernible structural or volume changes even after electrochemical insertion of 44 Li (?1 Li/Si) into the clathrate structure. The observed properties ...

Hyper- and hypobaric processing of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Goretta, K. C.; Routbort, J. L.; Shi, Donglu; Chen, J. G.; Hash, M. C.

1989-11-01

Tl-based superconductors of initial composition Tl:Ca:Ba:Cu equal to 2:2:2:3 and 1:3:1:3 were heated in oxygen at pressures of 10(sup 4) to 6 (times) 10(sup 5) Pa. The 2:2:2:3 composition formed primarily the 2-layer superconductor with zero resistance from 77 to 104 K. The 1:3:1:3 composition formed nearly phase pure 3-layer superconductor with a maximum zero resistance temperature of 120 K. Application of hyperbaric pressure influenced phase purities and transition temperatures slightly; phase purities decreased significantly with application of hypobaric pressures.

Melt-processed LRE-Ba-Cu-O superconductors and prospects for their applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoo, S.I.; Fujimoto, H.; Sakai, N.; Murakami, M.

1997-01-01

We have recently found that control of the oxygen partial pressure (PO 2 ) during melt processing, named the oxygen-controlled melt-growth (OCMG) process, is critical for obtaining a high superconducting transition temperature (T c ) in the light rare earth (LRE)-Ba-Cu-O (LREBCO) superconductors particularly for Nd, Sm and Eu. Further, compared to a good melt-processed Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) bulk superconductor, LREBCO bulks exhibit larger critical current density (J c ) in high magnetic field and a much improved irreversibility field (H irr ) at 77 K, implying that more effective flux pinning can be realized in a commercially feasible way. In this paper, properties and characteristic flux pinning of OCMG-processed LREBCO (LRE: Nd,Sm,Eu) superconductors are described on the basis of our study during the last several years. We also present the prospects for bulk-type applications, such as the magnetic bearings, flywheels and magnetically levitated (MAGLEV) trains. (orig.)

Development of a generic seed crystal for the fabrication of large grain (RE)-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi, Y; Babu, N Hari; Cardwell, D A

2005-01-01

The critical current density, J c , irreversibility field, B irr , and magnetic field trapping ability of (LRE)-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors, where LRE is a light rare earth element such as Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd, are generally superior to those of the more common melt-processed Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO). The lack of availability of a suitable seed crystal to grow large, single grain (LRE)-Ba-Cu-O superconductors with controlled orientation, however, has hindered severely the development of these materials for engineering applications over the past ten years. In this communication we report for the first time the development of a generic seed crystal that can be used to fabricate any rare earth (RE) based (RE)-Ba-Cu-O ((RE)BCO) superconductor in the form of a large single grain with controlled orientation. The new seed crystal will potentially enable large grain (LRE)-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors to be fabricated routinely, as is the case for YBCO. This will enable the field trapping and current-carrying characteristics of these materials to be explored in more detail than has been possible to date. (rapid communication)

Point-contact electron tunneling into the high-Tc superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O

Science.gov (United States)

Kirk, M. D.; Smith, D. P. E.; Mitzi, D. B.; Sun, J. Z.; Webb, D. J.

1987-06-01

Results are reported from a study of electron tunneling into bulk samples of the new high-Tc superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O using point-contact tunneling. Based on a superconductive tunneling interpretation, the results show exceptionally large energy gaps in these materials (roughly 2Delta = 100 MeV), implying 2Delta/kBTc = about 13. Similar values were found for La-Sr-Cu-O. The structure in the I-V curves is also similar to that seen in La-Sr-Cu-O. From the asymmetries observed in the I-V characteristics, it is inferred that the natural tunneling barrier on this material is of the Schottky type.

Multiseeding with (100)/(100) Grain Junctions in Top Seeded Melt Growth Processed YBCO Superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, C.J.; Gee, Y.A.; Hong, G.W. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon (Korea); Kim, H.J.; Joo, J.H. [Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon (Korea); Han, S.C.; Han, Y.H.; Sung, T.H.; Kim, S.J. [Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Taejon (Korea)

2000-06-01

Multiseeding with (100)/(100) grain junctions of top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) processed YBCO superconductors was studied. Multiple seeding shortened the processing time for the fabrication of TSMG-processed YBCO superconductors. The relationship among the number of seeds, the levitation forces and the trapped magnetic fields of the TSMG-processed YBCO samples is reported. The characteristic of the (100)/(100) grain junction is discussed in terms of a wetting angle of a melt. (author). 25 refs., 7 figs.

High-pressure effects on isotropic superconductivity in the iron-free layered pnictide superconductor BaPd2As2

Science.gov (United States)

Abdel-Hafiez, M.; Zhao, Y.; Huang, Z.; Cho, C.-w.; Wong, C. H.; Hassen, A.; Ohkuma, M.; Fang, Y.-W.; Pan, B.-J.; Ren, Z.-A.; Sadakov, A.; Usoltsev, A.; Pudalov, V.; Mito, M.; Lortz, R.; Krellner, C.; Yang, W.

2018-04-01

While the layered 122 iron arsenide superconductors are highly anisotropic, unconventional, and exhibit several forms of electronic orders that coexist or compete with superconductivity in different regions of their phase diagrams, we find in the absence of iron in the structure that the superconducting characteristics of the end member BaPd2As2 are surprisingly conventional. Here we report on complementary measurements of specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, resistivity measurements, Andreev spectroscopy, and synchrotron high pressure x-ray diffraction measurements supplemented with theoretical calculations for BaPd2As2 . Its superconducting properties are completely isotropic as demonstrated by the critical fields, which do not depend on the direction of the applied field. Under the application of high pressure, Tc is linearly suppressed, which is the typical behavior of classical phonon-mediated superconductors with some additional effect of a pressure-induced decrease in the electronic density of states and the electron-phonon coupling parameters. Structural changes in the layered BaPd2As2 have been studied by means of angle-dispersive diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell. At 12 GPa and 24.2 GPa we observed pressure induced lattice distortions manifesting as the discontinuity and, hence discontinuity in the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The bulk modulus is B0=40 (6 ) GPa below 12 GPa and B0=142 (3 ) GPa below 27.2 GPa.

Processing of R-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, H.

1998-01-01

Precipitation processes were developed to introduce second phases as flux pinning centers in Gd-Ba-Cu-O and Nd-Ba-Cu-O superconductors. In Gd-Ba-Cu-O, precipitation is caused by the decrease of the upper solubility limit of Gd 1+x Ba 2-x Cu 3 O 7 solid solution (Gd123ss) in low oxygen partial pressure. Processing of supersaturated Gd 1.2 Ba 1.8 Cu 3 O 7 in low oxygen partial pressure can produce dispersed second phases. Gd211 is formed as a separate phase while extensive Gd124 type stacking fault is formed instead of a separate CuO phase. As a result of the precipitation reaction, the transition temperature and critical current density are increased. In Nd-Ba-Cu-O, precipitation is caused by the decrease of the lower solubility limit of Nd 1+x Ba 2-x Cu 3 O 7 solid solution (Nd123ss) in oxygen. DTA results reveal the relative stability of Nd123ss in different oxygen partial pressures. In 1 bar oxygen partial pressure, Nd123ss with x = 0.1 is the most stable phase. In lower oxygen partial pressures, the most stable composition shifts towards the stoichiometric composition. The relative stability changes faster with decreasing oxygen partial pressure. Therefore, processing in oxygen and air tends to produce broad superconducting transitions but sharp transitions can be achieved in 0.01 bar and 0.001 bar oxygen partial pressures. While the lower solubility limits in 0.01 bar and 0.001 bar oxygen partial pressures remain at x = 0.00, the solubility limits in oxygen and air show a narrowing with decreasing temperature. Because of the narrowing of the solubility range in oxygen, oxygen annealing of Nd123 initially processed in low oxygen partial pressures will result in precipitation of second phases. The equilibrium second phase is BaCuO 2 for temperature above 608 C, and at lower temperatures the equilibrium second phases are Ba 2 CuO 3.3 and Ba 2 Cu 3 O 5+y . However, annealing at low temperature may produce a fine metastable transition phase. A coherent intermediate

Mechanism of the thermal conductivity of type-I clathrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, M. S.

2015-01-01

Due to their intrinsically low thermal conductivity, intermetallic type-I clathrates are promising candidates for thermoelectric energy conversion, most notably for waste-heat recovery above room temperature. Combining their low thermal conductivity with the enhanced electrical power factor of strongly correlated materials can be considered as one of the most promising routes to a next generation thermoelectric material. However, although much investigated, the physical origin of the low thermal conductivity of type-I clathrates is still debated. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis was to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of the low thermal conductivity of type-I clathrates. On the basis of recent inelastic neutron and X-ray scattering studies on type-I clathrates and skutterudites, an analytical model for describing the phonon thermal conductivity of such filled cage compounds was developed within this thesis. This model is based on the phononic filter effect and on strongly enhanced Umklapp scattering. Data on several Ge-based single crystalline type-I clathrates are discussed in the context of this model, revealing the influence of host framework vacancies, charge carriers, and large defects such as grain boundaries on the low-temperature thermal conductivity of type-I clathrates. Since for waste heat recovery the thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures is of interest, a sophisticated 3w-experiment for accurate measurements of bulk and thin film materials at elevated temperatures was developed. With the help of this experiment, a universal dependence of the intrinsic phonon thermal conductivity of type-I clathrates on the sound velocity and the lowest-lying guest Einstein mode was demonstrated for the first time. Further investigations on thermoelectric materials including the first Ce-containing type-I clathrate, skutterudites, and thin films complete this doctoral work. (author)

BaO-Nd2O3-CuOx subsolidus equilibria under carbonate-free conditions at pO2=100 Pa and at pO2=21 kPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wong-Ng, W.; Cook, L.P.; Suh, J.; Coutts, R.; Stalick, J.K.; Levin, I.; Huang, Q.

2003-01-01

Subsolidus phase equilibria of the BaO-Nd 2 O 3 -CuO x system at pO 2 =100 Pa (0.1% O 2 volume fraction, 810 deg. C) and at pO 2 =21 kPa (21% O 2 volume fraction, 930 deg. C) have been investigated by applying controlled-atmosphere methods to minimize the presence of carbonate and CO 2 and H 2 O contamination. Under carbonate-free conditions, the BaO-Nd 2 O 3 -CuO x phase diagrams at pO 2 =100 Pa and at pO 2 =21 kPa are similar to one another except for differences in the extent of the solid solutions. Apart from the limiting binary phases, the ternary system consists of three solid solutions and one stoichiometric ternary compound. The first solid solution is the high T c series, Ba 2-x Nd 1+x Cu 3 O 6+z (0.3≥x≥0 at pO 2 =100 Pa; 0.95≥x≥ 0 at pO 2 =21 kPa). At pO 2 =21 kPa, a compositionally dependent phase change was detected, from tetragonal (0.7>x≥0) to orthorhombic (0.95≥x≥0.7). The second solid solution series, the 'brown-phase' Ba 1+x Nd 2-x CuO z , has a narrow homogeneity region (0.10>x≥0 at pO 2 =100 Pa; 0.15>x≥0 at pO 2 =21 kPa). In the high BaO part of the phase diagram, a third solid solution (Ba 2-x Nd x )CuO 3+z (x=0 to ∼ 0.3 at pO 2 =100 Pa; x=0-0.45 at pO 2 =21 kPa) was confirmed, as well as a nominally stoichiometric phase, Ba 4 Nd 2 Cu 2 O z . The latter phase is an insulator, with a structure comprised of unusual CuO 5 linear chains. A significant difference in tie line distribution involving the Ba 2-x Nd 1+x Cu 3 O 6+z superconductor was found under carbonate-free conditions relative to literature studies completed in air. Instead of the BaCuO 2+x -Ba 2+x Nd 4-x Cu 2 O z tie line normally encountered in air, a Ba 2-x Nd 1+x Cu 3 O 6+z -(Ba,Nd) 2 CuO 3+x tie line was established. This tie line substantially expands the field of stability of the Ba 2-x Nd 1+x Cu 3 O 6+z superconductor phase into the BaO-rich region of the phase diagram. Implications for the processing of materials based on the Ba 2-x Nd 1+x Cu 3 O 6+z

Pressure-induced amorphization and collapse of magnetic order in the type-I clathrate Eu8Ga16Ge30

Science.gov (United States)

Mardegan, J. R. L.; Fabbris, G.; Veiga, L. S. I.; Adriano, C.; Avila, M. A.; Haskel, D.; Giles, C.

2013-10-01

We investigate the low temperature structural and electronic properties of the type-I clathrate Eu8Ga16Ge30 under pressure using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) techniques. The XRD measurements reveal a transition to an amorphous phase above 18 GPa. Unlike previous reports on other clathrate compounds, no volume collapse is observed prior to the crystalline-amorphous phase transition which takes place when the unit cell volume is reduced to 81% of its ambient pressure value. Fits of the pressure-dependent relative volume to a Murnaghan equation of state yield a bulk modulus B0=65±3 GPa and a pressure derivative B0'=3.3±0.5. The Eu L2-edge XMCD data shows quenching of the magnetic order at a pressure coincident with the crystalline-amorphous phase transition. This information along with the persistence of an Eu2+ valence state observed in the XANES spectra up to the highest pressure point (22 GPa) indicates that the suppression of XMCD intensity is due to the loss of long range magnetic order. When compared with other clathrates, the results point to the importance of guest ion-cage interactions in determining the mechanical stability of the framework structure and the critical pressure for amorphization. Finally, the crystalline structure is not found to recover after pressure release, resulting in an amorphous material that is at least metastable at ambient pressure and temperature.

Formation of layered microstructure in the Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin, S.; Kammlott, G.W.; Tiefel, T.H.; Chen, S.K.

1992-01-01

The layered grain microstructure is essential for overcoming the weak link problem and ensuring high transport critical currents in the cuprate superconductors. In this paper we discuss the processing and the mechanisms for layer information in Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O. In melt-processed Y-Ba-Cu-O, sympathetic nucleation on previously nucleated YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ plates during solidification appears to be dominant mechanism for the formation of parallel plate-shaped grains. In the Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ribbons, the interface reaction between the superconductor layer and the silvers substrate seems to be the main mechanism for the c-axis texturing of the layered grains. The drastically different critical current behavior in the c-axis textured Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ribbons is discussed in terms of possible differences in the nature of the twist and tilt grain boundaries. (orig.)

SmBa2NbO6 Nanopowders, an Effective Percolation Network Medium for YBCO Superconductors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Vidya

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The percolation behavior of superconductor-insulator composite, YBa2Cu3O7–δ, and nano SmBa2NbO2 synthesized by modified combustion technique was studied. Particle size of nano SmBa2NBO6 was determined using transmission electron microscopy. The chemical nonreactivity of nano SmBa2NbO6 with YBCO is evident from the X-Ray diffraction study which makes it a suitable nanoceramic substrate material for high temperature superconducting films. A systematic increase in the sintered density, approaching the optimum value of the insulating nanophase is clearly observed, as the vol.% of YBCO in the composite decreases. SEM micrograph showed uniform distribution of nanopowder among the large clusters of YBCO. The obtained percolation threshold is ~26 vol% of YBCO in the composite. All the composites below the threshold value showed TC(0~92 K even though the room resistivity increases with increase in vol.% of nano SmBa2NbO6. The values of critical exponents obtained matches well with the theoretically expected ones for an ideal superconductor-insulator system.

Magnetic stripes in the UCoGe superconductor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mora, Pablo de la [Departemento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-542, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico and Institute de Investigacion en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus Morelia (Mexico); Navarro, O, E-mail: delamora@unam.m [Instituto de Investigacion en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-360, 04510 Mexico DF (Mexico)

2009-05-01

The magnetic superconductor UCoGe is analyzed with an electronic structure package, spin-orbit coupling and intra-atomic repulsion (via Hubbard U{sub H}) were included. The possibility of an antiferromagnetic configuration is studied, but it is found to be unstable, also the non-collinear magnetization seems to be ruled out. The magnetization is given mainly by the Co-atoms with M = 0.6 mu{sub B}/f.u. The U-atoms have two magnetic moments; M = 0.07 and 0.32 mu{sub B}/f.u. arranged in an alternated planes along the b-direction forming magnetic stripes.

Magnetic properties of ultrathin Co/Ge(111) and Co/Ge(100) films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, W. C.; Tsay, J. S.; Yao, Y. D.; Lin, K. C.; Yang, C. S.; Lee, S. F.; Tseng, T. K.; Neih, H. Y.

2001-01-01

The orientation of the magnetization and the occurrence of interfacial ferromagnetic inactive layers for ultrathin Co films grown on Ge(111) and Ge(100) surfaces have been studied using the in situ surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. On a Ge(111) substrate, cobalt films (≤28 monolayers) with in-plane easy axis of magnetization have been observed; however, on a Ge(100) substrate, ultrathin Co films (14 - 16 monolayers) with canted out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization were measured. The ferromagnetic inactive layers were formed due to the intermixing of Co and Ge and lowering the Curie temperature by reducing Co film thickness. The Co - Ge compound inactive layers were 3.8 monolayers thick for Co films grown on Ge(111) and 6.2 monolayers thick for Co films deposited on Ge(100). This is attributed to the difference of the density of surface atoms on Ge(111) and Ge(100). [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

Method for preparing high transition temperature Nb.sub.3 Ge superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Newkirk, Lawrence R.; Valencia, Flavio A.

1977-01-01

Bulk coatings of Nb.sub.3 Ge superconductors having transition temperatures in excess of 20 K are readily formed by a chemical vapor deposition technique involving the coreduction of NbCl.sub.5 and GeCl.sub.4 in the presence of hydrogen. The NbCl.sub.5 vapor may advantageously be formed quantitatively in the temperature range of about 250.degree. to 260.degree. C by the chlorination of Nb metal provided the partial pressure of the product NbCl.sub.5 vapor is maintained at or below about 0.1 atm.

Point-contact electron tunneling into the high-T/sub c/ superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirk, M.D.; Smith, D.P.E.; Mitzi, D.B.

1987-01-01

We report results of a study of electron tunneling into bulk samples of the new high-T/sub c/ superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O using point-contact tunneling. Based on a superconductive tunneling interpretation, the results show exceptionally large energy gaps in these materials (roughly 2Δ = 100 meV), implying 2Δ/k/sub C/T/sub c/--13. Similar values were found previously by us for La-Sr-Cu-O. We also see Structure in the I-V curves similar to that seen in La-Sr-Cu-O. On the basis of the asymmetries observed in the I-V characteristics, we believe that the natural tunneling barrier on this material is of the Schottky type

A superconducting conveyer system using multiple bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors and permanent magnets

Science.gov (United States)

Kinoshita, T.; Koshizuka, N.; Nagashima, K.; Murakami, M.

Developments of non-contact superconducting devices like superconducting magnetic levitation transfer and superconducting flywheel energy storage system have been performed based on the interactions between bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors and permanent magnets, in that the superconductors can stably be levitated without any active control. The performances of noncontact superconducting devices are dependent on the interaction forces like attractive forces and stiffness. In the present study, we constructed a non-contact conveyer for which the guide rails were prepared by attaching many Fe-Nd-B magnets onto an iron base plate. Along the translational direction, all the magnets were arranged as to face the same pole, and furthermore their inter-distance was made as small as possible. The guide rail has three magnet rows, for which the magnets were glued on the iron plate such that adjacent magnet rows have opposite poles like NSN. At the center row, the magnetic field at zero gap reached 0.61T, while the field strengths of two rows on the side edges were only 0.48T due to magnetic interactions among permanent magnets. We then prepared a cryogenic box made with FRP that can store several bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors 25 mm in diameter cooled by liquid nitrogen. It was found that the levitation forces and stiffness increased with increasing the number of bulk superconductors installed in the box, although the levitation force per unit bulk were almost the same. We also confirmed that these forces are dependent on the configuration of bulk superconductors.

Crystal structure of clathrates of Hofmann dma-type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

NIshikiori, Sh.; Ivamoto, T.

1999-01-01

Seven new clathrates Cd(DMA) 2 Ni(CN) 4 ·xG (x=1, G=aniline, 2,3-xylidine, 2,4-xylidine, 2,5-xylidine, 2,6-xylidine, 3,5-xylidine, and x=2, G=2,4,6-trimethylaniline) of Hofmann type are synthesized by amine substitution for dimethylamine (DMA). On the base of x-ray diffraction data it is shown that geometry of guest molecule in cage-like hollow determines the structure of the host and crystal structure of clathrates. Two-dimension metallocomplex of the host of studied clathrates is characterized by elastic folded structure appearing as a result of angular deformation of bond between Cd atoms and host cyanide bridge. Guest molecule orientation is fixed by hydrogen bond. Structural elasticity of the host complex directs to differences in crystal structure of clathrates formed and to considerable variety of incorporated guests [ru

Preparation of a ceramic superconductor from ultrafine particles by freeze-dry process in Ba-Y-Cu-O system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Zuyao; Qian Yitai; Wan Yanjian; Rong Jingfang; Zhang Han; Pan Guoqiang; Zhao Yong; Zhang Qirui

1989-01-01

Freeze-dry technique is first reported for preparing ceramic ultrafines. The single-phase complex oxide Ba 2 YCu 3 O/sub 9-δ/, a poly-crystallized compound, and ceramic superconductor have been synthesized successfully. The experimental results show that not only is the ceramic superconductor obtained uniform with fine particles and excellent superconductivity, but the conditions for solid reactions are relatively limited

Synthesis and photoluminescence spectroscopy of BaGeF6:Mn4+ red phosphor

Science.gov (United States)

Sekiguchi, Daisuke; Adachi, Sadao

2015-04-01

We synthesized Mn4+-activated BaGeF6 red phosphor by the chemical reaction method from HF, H2SiF6, BaF2, KMnO4, and GeO2 powder. The structural and optical properties of BaGeF6:Mn4+ were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, secondary electron microscopy observation, electron spin resonance measurement, photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE) and Raman scattering spectroscopies, and luminescence decay time measurement. Temperature dependence of the PL intensity was measured from T = 20 to 500 K and analyzed by taking into consideration the Bose-Einstein phonon occupation number. The PLE spectra measured at T = 20 and 300 K and luminescence decay time at T = 20-460 K were also analyzed based on the Franck-Condon and conventional thermal quenching models, respectively. Comprehensive discussion was given on the Mn4+-related PL properties and Raman scattering behaviors in a family of the barium hexafluorometallate phosphors.

“Glass-like” thermal conductivity gradually induced in thermoelectric Sr{sub 8}Ga{sub 16}Ge{sub 30} clathrate by off-centered guest atoms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christensen, Sebastian; Schmøkel, Mette Stokkebro; Borup, Kasper Andersen; Christensen, Mogens, E-mail: mch@chem.au.dk, E-mail: bo@chem.au.dk; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt, E-mail: mch@chem.au.dk, E-mail: bo@chem.au.dk [Department of Inorganic Chemistry & iNANO, Center for Materials Crystallography, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark); Madsen, Georg K. H. [ICAMS, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum (Germany); McIntyre, Garry J.; Capelli, Silvia C. [Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble Cedex 9 (France)

2016-05-14

The origin of the “glass-like” plateau in thermal conductivity of inorganic type I clathrates has been debated for more than a decade. Here, it is demonstrated that the low temperature thermal conductivity of Sr{sub 8}Ga{sub 16}Ge{sub 30} can be controlled by the synthesis method: A flux-grown sample has a “glass-like” plateau in thermal conductivity at low temperature, while a zone-melted sample instead has a crystalline peak. A combination of flux-growth and zone-melting produces an intermediate thermal conductivity. In a comprehensive study of three single crystal samples, it is shown by neutron diffraction that the transition from crystalline peak to “glass-like” plateau is related to an increase in Sr guest atom off-centering distance from 0.24 Å to 0.43 Å. By modifying ab initio calculated force constants for the guest atom to an isotropic model, we reproduce both measured heat capacity and inelastic neutron scattering data. The transition from peak to plateau in the thermal conductivity can be modeled by a combined increase of Rayleigh and disorder scattering. Measurement of heat capacity refutes simple models for tunneling of Sr between off-center sites. Furthermore, the electronic properties of the same samples are characterized by Hall carrier density, Seebeck coefficient, and resistivity. The present comprehensive analysis excludes tunneling and charge carrier scattering as dominant contributors to the “glass-like” plateau. The increased guest atom off-centering distance controlled by synthesis provides a possible microscopic mechanism for reducing the low temperature thermal conductivity of clathrates.

Development of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductors for Magnetic Bearings

Science.gov (United States)

Selvamanickam, V.; Pfaffenbach, K.; Sokolowski, R. S.; Zhang, Y.; Salama, K.

1996-01-01

The material requirements, material manufacturing and magnetic properties that are relevant to fabrication of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) magnetic bearings have been discussed. It is found that the seeded-melt-texturing method can be used to fabricate the single domain material that is required to achieve the best magnetic properties. Trapped-field mapping has been used as a non-destructive tool to determine the single-domain nature of the HTS material and quantity of the HTS disks. Both the trapped field and the levitation force of the Y-Ba-Cu-O disks are found to be strongly sensitive to the oxygen content.

Temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of melt-processed Dy-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors evaluated by three point bending tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katagiri, K; Nyilas, A; Sato, T; Hatakeyama, Y; Hokari, T; Teshima, H; Iwamoto, A; Mito, T

2006-01-01

Dy-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor has an excellent capability of trapping magnetic flux and lower heat conductivity at cryogenic temperatures as compared with Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor. The Young's modulus and the bending strength in the range from room temperature to 7 K were measured by the three-point bending tests using specimens cut from a melt-processed Dy-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor. They were tested in a helium gas flow type cryostat at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and in a liquid nitrogen bath at Iwate University. The Young's modulus was calculated by either the slope of stress-strain curve or that of the load-deflection curve of the specimen. Although the bending strength measured in the two institutes coincided well, there was a significant discrepancy in the Young's modulus. The Young's modulus and bending strength increased with decrease of temperature down to 7 K. The amount of increase in the Young's modulus and the bending strength were about 32% and 36% of those at room temperature, respectively. The scatter of data for each run was significant and did not depend on temperature. The temperature dependence of the Young's modulus coincided with that in Y-Ba-Cu-O obtained by ultrasonic velocity. The temperature dependence of the Young's modulus and the bending strength was discussed from the view point of interatomic distance of the bulk crystal

Computer graphic investigation on the epitaxial growth of superconductor films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyamoto, A.; Iwamoto, S.; Inui, T.; Agusa, K.

1989-01-01

A mechanism of the epitaxial growth the oxide superconductor films has been investigated by using the computer graphics for the combination of orthorhombic Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-x with substrate crystals such as SrTiO 3 MgO, and ZrO 2 . The (001) plane Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-x with substrate crystals such as SrTiO 3 , MgO, and ZrO 2 . The (001) plane of Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-x has been shown to fit the (100) plane of SrTiO 3 , MgO, and ZrO 2 . A crystallographic fit has also been proved between the (110) plane of Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-x and the (110) plane of SrTiO 3 . These results are consistent with the experimental data about the epitaxial growth of the Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-x films. Furthermore, detailed investigation of atomic arrangements has indicated some differences in the ionic interaction at the superconductor-substrate interface among SrTiO 3 , MgO, and ZrO 2 substrates. As for ZrO 2 (100) plane, for examples, ionic arrangements at the oxide layer is favorable only for the interaction with Y 3+ layer of Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-x , while the Zr-O layer of ZrO 2 can interact with both Ba-O layer and Cu-O layer of Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-x

Mechanical properties of Nd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsui, Motohide; Sakai, Naomichi; Murakami, Masato; Osamura, Kozo

2003-01-01

We investigated the effects of Nd422 and Ag particles on the mechanical properties in Nd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors. Both Nd422 and Ag particles were effective in decreasing the amount of microcracks running along the c direction. In the case of Nd422, however, excessive Nd422 addition enhanced the crack propagation, resulting in the degradation of mechanical strength. In the case of Ag addition, the beneficial effect of its ductile mechanical property was not observed. This was due to a relatively large size of Ag particles and low interfacial strength between Ag and Nd123 matrix. It was remarkable that the Weibull coefficient of the sample with Ag 2 O addition exceeded 13, which is reliable enough for practical engineering applications

On Ba2Ge2Te5, a new telluridogermanate(III) with chain structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brinkmann, C.; Eisenmann, B.; Schaefer, H.

1984-01-01

The new compound Ba 2 Ge 2 Te 5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group: Pna2 1 (No. 33)). The lattice constants are given. In the structure distorted Ge 2 Te 6 -trigonal prisms are connected by common corners to infinite chains. (author)

Electronic Phase Separation in the Slightly Underdoped Iron Pnictide Superconductor Ba1-xKxFe2As2

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Park, J.T.; Inosov, D.S.; Niedermayer, C.

2009-01-01

Here we present a combined study of the slightly underdoped novel pnictide superconductor Ba1-xKxFe2As2 by means of x-ray powder diffraction, neutron scattering, muon-spin rotation (µSR), and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Static antiferromagnetic order sets in below Tm70 K as inferred from......-state regions on a lateral scale of several tens of nanometers. Our findings indicate that such mesoscopic phase separation can be considered an intrinsic property of some iron pnictide superconductors....

Density functional study of the decomposition pathways of SiH₃ and GeH₃ at the Si(100) and Ge(100) surfaces.

Science.gov (United States)

Ceriotti, M; Montalenti, F; Bernasconi, M

2012-03-14

By means of first-principles calculations we studied the decomposition pathways of SiH₃ on Ge(100) and of GeH₃ on Si(100), of interest for the growth of crystalline SiGe alloys and Si/Ge heterostructures by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. We also investigated H desorption via reaction of two adsorbed SiH₂/GeH₂ species (β₂ reaction) or via Eley-Rideal abstraction of surface H atoms from the impinging SiH₃ and GeH₃ species. The calculated activation energies for the different processes suggest that the rate-limiting step for the growth of Si/Ge systems is still the β₂ reaction of two SiH₂ as in the growth of crystalline Si.

Parasitic phase formation in the La Ba2 Cu3 O7-x superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baltra, T.; Fuenzalida, V.M.; Grahmann, C.R.

1996-01-01

The parasitic phase formation during the thermal processing of the H Tc La Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-x superconductor, particularly the Ba Cu O 2 , is studied. The formation of the stable parasitic phase depends on the temperature of the initial treatments and on the heating rate during the sintering process. The superconducting highest purity material is obtained with treatment at 900 deg C and lowest heating rate. The temperature during the final annealing in oxygen of the sample did also affect the transport properties. Samples with the lowest resistivity in the normal state were produced by annealing in oxygen at 300 deg C. The largest orthorhombic distortion was obtained at 325 deg C. (author)

Photoluminescence spectroscopies and temperature-dependent luminescence of Mn{sup 4+} in BaGe{sub 4}O{sub 9} phosphor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Shaoan; Hu, Yihua, E-mail: huyh@gdut.edu.cn

2016-09-15

New non-rare-earth red phosphor BaGe{sub 4}O{sub 9}:Mn{sup 4+} was prepared successfully via the traditional solid state reaction method. The luminescent performance was investigated by the steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and temperature-dependent PL/decay measurements. The excitation band of BaGe{sub 4}O{sub 9}:Mn{sup 4+} phosphor covers a broad spectral region from 250 nm to 500 nm, which matches well with the commercial near-UV and blue LEDs. The concentration quenching of Mn{sup 4+} in BaGe{sub 4}O{sub 9}:Mn{sup 4+} occurs at a low content of 0.5% due to the dipole–dipole interaction. We gained insight into the temperature-dependent relative emission intensity of BaGe{sub 4}O{sub 9}:Mn{sup 4+} phosphor, and determined the luminescence quenching temperature and the activation energy for thermal quenching (∆E) to be ~150 K and ~0.17 eV, respectively.

Ge-Au eutectic bonding of Ge (100) single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knowlton, W.B.; Beeman, J.W.; Emes, J.H.; Loretto, D.; Itoh, K.M.; Haller, E.E.

1993-01-01

The author present preliminary results on the eutectic bonding between two (100) Ge single crystal surfaces using thin films of Au ranging from 900 angstrom/surface to 300 angstrom/surface and Pd (10% the thickness of Au). Following bonding, plan view optical microscopy (OM) of the cleaved interface of samples with Au thicknesses ≤ 500 angstrom/surface show a eutectic morphology more conducive to phonon transmission through the bond interface. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) cross sectional interface studies of a 300 angstrom/surface Au sample show epitaxial growth of Ge. In sections of the bond, lattice continuity of the Ge is apparent through the interface. TEM studies also reveal heteroepitaxial growth of Au with a Au-Ge lattice mismatch of less than 2%. Eutectic bonds with 200 angstrom/surface Au have been attained with characterization pending. An optical polishing technique for Ge has been optimized to insure intimate contact between the Ge surfaces prior to bonding. Interferometry analysis of the optically polished Ge surface shows that surface height fluctuations lie within ±150 angstrom across an interval of lmm. Characterization of phonon transmission through the interface is discussed with respect to low temperature detection of ballistic phonons

The study on a new superconductor (oxide Ba-Y-Cu) with high critical temperature Tc by positron annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Caigu; Yu Zhuxing; Wang Zhu; Huang Zhe; Zhou Jun

1987-01-01

The study on a new superconductor oxide Ba-Y-Cu with high critical temperature Tc is described. The experimental results show that positron lifetime reducing reflects variable curve of resistance with temperature. A peak of positron lifetime is appeared at critical temperature

Methane clathrates in the solar system.

Science.gov (United States)

Mousis, Olivier; Chassefière, Eric; Holm, Nils G; Bouquet, Alexis; Waite, Jack Hunter; Geppert, Wolf Dietrich; Picaud, Sylvain; Aikawa, Yuri; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Charlou, Jean-Luc; Rousselot, Philippe

2015-04-01

We review the reservoirs of methane clathrates that may exist in the different bodies of the Solar System. Methane was formed in the interstellar medium prior to having been embedded in the protosolar nebula gas phase. This molecule was subsequently trapped in clathrates that formed from crystalline water ice during the cooling of the disk and incorporated in this form into the building blocks of comets, icy bodies, and giant planets. Methane clathrates may play an important role in the evolution of planetary atmospheres. On Earth, the production of methane in clathrates is essentially biological, and these compounds are mostly found in permafrost regions or in the sediments of continental shelves. On Mars, methane would more likely derive from hydrothermal reactions with olivine-rich material. If they do exist, martian methane clathrates would be stable only at depth in the cryosphere and sporadically release some methane into the atmosphere via mechanisms that remain to be determined. In the case of Titan, most of its methane probably originates from the protosolar nebula, where it would have been trapped in the clathrates agglomerated by the satellite's building blocks. Methane clathrates are still believed to play an important role in the present state of Titan. Their presence is invoked in the satellite's subsurface as a means of replenishing its atmosphere with methane via outgassing episodes. The internal oceans of Enceladus and Europa also provide appropriate thermodynamic conditions that allow formation of methane clathrates. In turn, these clathrates might influence the composition of these liquid reservoirs. Finally, comets and Kuiper Belt Objects might have formed from the agglomeration of clathrates and pure ices in the nebula. The methane observed in comets would then result from the destabilization of clathrate layers in the nuclei concurrent with their approach to perihelion. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations show that methane-rich clathrate

Flux motion in Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors during pulse field magnetization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshizawa, K; Nariki, S; Sakai, N; Murakami, M; Hirabayasi, I; Takizawa, T

2004-01-01

We have studied the relationship between the magnetization and temperature change in Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor during pulse field magnetization (PFM). The flux motion was monitored using both Hall sensors and pick-up coils that are placed on a surface of a Y-Ba-Cu-O disc having dimensions of 15 mm in diameter and 0.95 mm in thickness. The peak value of the field was varied from 0.2 to 0.8 T. The effect of the static bias field was also studied in the range of 0-3 T. The temperature of the sample surface was measured using a resistance temperature sensor. The temperature increased with the magnitude of the applied pulsed magnetic field, and the amount of temperature rise decreased with increasing static bias field

Substitutions in cation Nd/Ba subsystem in thin films of high-temperature superconductor NdBa2Cu3Oy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mozhaev, P.B.; Komissinskij, F.V.; Ivanov, Z.G.; Ovsyannikov, G.A.

2000-01-01

Thin films of the Nd 1+x Ba 2-x Cu 3 O y (NBCO) high-temperature superconductor with various neodymium and barium ratio are obtained through the method of combined laser spraying of targets with different elements composition. The films with neodymium excess (x >0) had low density of particles on the surface and roughness, however the critical temperature decreased with growth of x. The films with barium excess (x z particles. The NbCO structure and superconducting properties demonstrate strong dependence on the conditions of the films saturation with oxygen [ru

Effect of silver addition on the mechanical and field trapping properties of Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors

CERN Document Server

Nariki, S; Matsui, M; Murakami, M

2002-01-01

The effect of Ag addition on the microstructure and the mechanical and field trapping properties of Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor has been investigated. The single grain Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors 32 mm in diameter were fabricated with 0-30 mass%Ag/sub 2/O additions by the melt growth method under controlled oxygen partial pressure of 1.0%. From microscopic observations, it was found that the macro- cracks in the a-b plane decreased with Ag addition. The three-point bending test showed that the average strength of Ag-free bulk was 69 MPa at room temperature, while the strength was dramatically improved to 110-115 MPa with 10-30 mass%Ag/sub 2/O additions. The trapped magnetic field of Ag-free bulk sample was 1.3 T at 77 K. The trapped field of bulk Gd-Ba-Cu-O samples with 10-20 mass%Ag/sub 2/O exhibited high values of 1.8-2.0 T at 77 K. However, the trapped field of the sample with 30 mass%Ag/sub 2/O addition was lowered to 1.1 T with decreasing the critical current density. The trapped field of Ag- adde...

Flux pinning enhancement by Y2BaCuO5 inclusions in melt processed YBaCuO superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murakami, M.

1991-01-01

While nonsuperconducting particles are known to serve as effective pinning centers in conventional superconductors, their effect in high T c superconductors is still controversial. In this paper, the author gives evidence that nonsuperconducting Y 2 BaCuO 5 (21 1) inclusions can act as pinning centers in melt processed YBaCuO superconductors even when their size is orders of magnitude larger than the coherence length. In such a case, the interface provides pinning. Theoretical estimates based on direct summations agree well with the experimental results. The applications of direct summation for obtaining the bulk pinning force is justified by direct observation of the FLL (flux line lattice), where the FLL has no long range order and the fluxoids are pinned by 211 inclusions

Callogenesis in leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata Lam. by 2,4-D and BA action

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.R.A. Santos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Kalanchoe pinnata Lam. is a bush species of the Crassulaceae that is distinguished by its important medicinal properties. Its leaves are used as cataplasm to treat headaches and wounds. There is evidence for a hypotensive and anti-inflammatory effect. Techniques of plant tissue culture have been applied to plant species that produce substances likely to be explored in pharmacology, cell suspension being the main technique. At the industrial level, this method utilizes bioreactors in order to produce secondary metabolites on a large scale. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in vitro combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D and benzylaminopurine (BA on callus induction in leaf explants of K. pinnata. Leaf fragments were inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 3.0% sucrose, 0.8% agar and factorial combinations of 2,4-D (0.00, 4.52, 9.06, 18.12 µM and BA (0.00, 4.44, 8.88, 17.76 µM. The cultures were kept in the darkness at 24±2ºC for 50 days. The percentage of callus induction and the area of explants covered by callus cells were evaluated. In the absence of growth regulators, callus induction did not occur, with necrosis of all explants. The highest percentage of callus induction was 100%, obtained with the combination of 9.06 µM 2,4-D and 8.88 µM BA, but the calluses covered only 25% of the leaf area. The most efficient combination was 4.52 µM 2,4-D and 8.88 µM BA, resulting in 91% callus induction with 50 to 100% of the explants being covered by callus cells.

Controlled levitation of Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors and energy minimum analysis; Y-Ba-Cu-O baruku chodendotai no fujo to enerugi kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magashima, K. [Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan); Iwasa, Y. [Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Canbridge (United States); Sawa, K. [keio University, Tokyo (Japan); Murakami, M. [Superconductivity research Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-25

The levitation of bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors can be controlled using a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (Bi2223) superconducting electromagnet. It was found that stable levitation without tilting could be obtained only when the sample trapped a certain amount of fields, the minimum of which depended on the external field and sample dimensions. We employed a novel analysis method for levitation based on the total energy balance, which is much simpler than the force method and could be applied to understanding general levitation behavior. Numerical analyses thus developed showed that stable levitation of superconductors with large dimensions cen only be achieved when the induced currents can flow with three-dimensional freedom. (author)

Crystal structure, characterization and thermoelectric properties of the type-I clathrate Ba8-ySryAl14Si32 (0.6≤y≤1.3) prepared by aluminum flux

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roudebush, John H.; Toberer, Eric S.; Hope, Hakon; Jeffrey Snyder, G.; Kauzlarich, Susan M.

2011-01-01

The title compound was prepared as single crystals using an aluminum flux technique. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction indicate that this composition crystallizes in the clathrate type-I structure, space group Pm3-bar n. Electron microprobe characterization indicates the composition to be Ba 8-y Sr y Al 14.2(2) Si 31.8(2) (0.77 1 =0.0233, wR 2 =0.0441) on a crystal of compositions Ba. The Sr atom preferentially occupies the 2a position; mixed Al/Si occupancy was found on all framework sites. These refinements are consistent with a fully occupied framework and nearly fully occupied cation guest sites as found by microprobe analysis. Temperature dependent electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity have been measured from room temperature to 1200 K on a hot-pressed pellet. Electrical resistivity reveals metallic behavior. The negative Seebeck coefficient indicates transport processes dominated by electrons as carriers. Thermal conductivity is between 22 and 25 mW/cm K. The sample shows n-type conductivity with a maximum figure of merit, zT of 0.3 at 1200 K. A single parabolic band model predicts a five-fold increase in zT at 800 K if carrier concentration is lowered. -- Graphical abstract: The inorganic type-I clathrate phase with nominal composition Ba 7 Sr 1 Al 14 Si 32 has been prepared by Al flux. Single crystal diffraction at 90 and 12 K reveal that the framework is fully occupied with the cation sites nearly fully occupied. The lattice thermal conductivity is low thereby suggesting further optimization of the carrier concentration will lead to a high zT. Display Omitted Highlights: → Ba 7 Sr 1 Al 14 Si 32 is a light element phase ideal for thermoelectric power generation. → Ba 7 Sr 1 Al 14 Si 32 is a high melting point cubic structure ideal for efficient power generation. → The framework is fully occupied with the cation sites nearly fully occupied. → Further optimization of the carrier concentration is expected to lead to a high zT.

Parasitic phase formation in the La Ba{sub 2} Cu{sub 3} O{sub 7-x} superconductor; Fases parasitas en el superconductor La Ba{sub 2} Cu{sub 3} O{sub 7-x}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baltra, T [Ministerio de Educacion, Santiago (Chile); Fuenzalida, V M; Grahmann, C R [Chile Univ., Santiago (Chile). Dept. de Fisica

1997-12-31

The parasitic phase formation during the thermal processing of the H Tc La Ba{sub 2} Cu{sub 3} O{sub 7-x} superconductor, particularly the Ba Cu O{sub 2}, is studied. The formation of the stable parasitic phase depends on the temperature of the initial treatments and on the heating rate during the sintering process. The superconducting highest purity material is obtained with treatment at 900 deg C and lowest heating rate. The temperature during the final annealing in oxygen of the sample did also affect the transport properties. Samples with the lowest resistivity in the normal state were produced by annealing in oxygen at 300 deg C. The largest orthorhombic distortion was obtained at 325 deg C. (author). 2 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Development and exploration of potential routes of discovery of new superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, Xiao [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2013-01-01

This thesis summarizes our efforts to develop and explore potential routes for the discovery of new superconductors. The development of viable solutions for sulfur-bearing compounds is presented. It also provides the details of searching for quantum critical points (QCPs) and possible superconductors by suppressing ferromagnetic states via chemical substitution and the application of pressure. The ferromagnetism in La(V_xCr_1-x)Ge₃ was successfully suppressed by pressure, and, in addition, a potential QCP at ambient pressure was discovered for x = 0.16. On the other hand, the La(V_xCr_1-x)Sb₃ series is likely to evolve into new magnetic state with V-substitution with the Cr-based magnetism appearing to be more local-moment like than for the case of LaCrGe₃. We also performed detailed characterization on BaSn₅ superconductor, giving further understanding of its superconducting state, and on R₃Ni_2-xSn₇ and RNi_1-xBi_2±y series putting to rest spurious claims of superconductivity.

Temperature dependence of positron annihilation parameters in Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sundar, C.S.; Bharathi, A.; Ching, W.Y.; Jean, Y.C.; Hor, P.H.; Meng, R.L.; Huang, Z.J.; Chu, C.W.

1990-01-01

The results of positron lifetime and Doppler broadened line-shape parameter measurements as a function of temperature, across T c , in the Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors are presented. The bulk lifetime in the normal state is found to decrease with the increase in the number of CuO 2 layers. Different temperature dependencies of the annihilation parameters are observed in the various Tl systems containing different numbers of CuO 2 layers. In the Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 system, an increase in lifetime is observed below T c , whereas in Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8 , a decrease in lifetime is seen below T c . In the Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 system, the lifetime is observed to be temperature independent. The different temperature variations of positron annihilation parameters are discussed in the light of the positron density distribution, obtained with use of the results of the self-consistent orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbitals band-structure calculations. It is argued that the different temperature dependencies of the annihilation parameters is related to the positron density distribution within the unit cell and arise due to local charge transfer in the vicinity of the CuO 2 layer in the superconducting state

Far infrared spectroscopy of high-Tc superconductors at the National Synchrotron Light Source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perkowitz, S.; Williams, G.P.

1989-01-01

This paper reports the first far infrared transmission spectra for micron-thick films of high-T c rare-earth superconductors such as DyBaCuO, with implications for the superconducting gap. Spectra were obtained at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light Source, a new high-intensity, broad-band millimeter to infrared source. The National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, known for powerful X-ray and UV output, is also a high-intensity (10 to 1000 times above a black body), high-brightness (intensity per solid angle), broad-band, picosecond, millimeter to infrared source. These features make it valuable for far-infrared condensed matter experiments, especially those in highly absorbing or extremely small systems. A first application has been to measure very small infrared transmissions through thick bulk-like high-T c superconducting films. Preliminary measurements through films of the conventional superconductor Nb 3 Ge established techniques. These were followed by the first measurements (to the author's knowledge) through micron-thick films of high-T c rare-earth superconductors such as DyBaCuO over 10-300 cm -1 , which includes the superconducting gap according to BCS or moderately strong-coupled theory. The authors discuss the transmission evidence bearing on the existence of a gap and other important features of high-T c superconductors, and describe the synchrotron and instrumentation features which make possible these unusual measurements

Intermediate phases in the formation of the Cu-Ba-Y high-Tc superconductor from xerogel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arcon, I.; Bele, M.; Hribar, M.; Kodre, A.; Stuhec, M.; Pejovnik, S.; Frahm, R.

1995-01-01

In the synthesis of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x superconductor ceramics by the sol-gel method, yttrium K EXAFS spectra of the intermediate products give evidence of the dynamics of the Y ion in the reaction. Together with previous data on Cu K and Ba L 3 EXAFS, the results give information on the processes in the amorphous phase, complementing the diffraction data on crystallite growth. ((orig.))

Properties of Y Ba2 Cu3 O7-δ-Ag superconductors prepared by the citrate method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonseca, F.C.; Muccillo, R.

1996-01-01

Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (123) ceramic superconductor and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ - Ag composite superconductors have been prepared by the citrate method. Microstructural analysis has been done by X-ray diffractometry and optical ceramography. The superconducting behaviour has been studied by 4-probe dc resistivity in the 77 K - 140 K temperature range. Silver percolation in the ceramic matrix was studied by electrical resistivity measurements at room temperature; the percolation threshold was found to be approximately 25 vol% (35.5 wt%) Ag. Specimens with silver addition showed improvement in the flexural strength of the 123 compound. The main results show that the critical temperature does not depend on the silver content in the composite specimens, and that approximately 3 wt% (1.8 vol%) Ag doping yields an optimized composite superconductor from the microstructural point of view, with platelet-like grain shapes. (author)

Low temperature epitaxy of Ge-Sb-Te films on BaF{sub 2} (111) by pulsed laser deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thelander, E., E-mail: erik.thelander@iom-leipzig.de; Gerlach, J. W.; Ross, U.; Lotnyk, A.; Rauschenbach, B. [Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., Leipzig 04318 (Germany)

2014-12-01

Pulsed laser deposition was employed to deposit epitaxial Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}-layers on the (111) plane of BaF{sub 2} single crystal substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements show a process temperature window for epitaxial growth between 85 °C and 295 °C. No crystalline growth is observed for lower temperatures, whereas higher temperatures lead to strong desorption of the film constituents. The films are of hexagonal structure with lattice parameters consistent with existing models. X-ray pole figure measurements reveal that the films grow with one single out-of-plane crystal orientation, but rotational twin domains are present. The out-of-plane epitaxial relationship is determined to be Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}(0001) || BaF{sub 2}(111), whereas the in-plane relationship is characterized by two directions, i.e., Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} [-12-10] || BaF{sub 2}[1-10] and Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}[1-210] || BaF{sub 2}[1-10]. Aberration-corrected high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to resolve the local atomic structure and confirm the hexagonal structure of the films.

Effects of guest atomic species on the lattice thermal conductivity of type-I silicon clathrate studied via classical molecular dynamics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumagai, Tomohisa, E-mail: kumagai@criepi.denken.or.jp; Nakamura, Kaoru; Yamada, Susumu; Ohnuma, Toshiharu [Materials Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-6-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 240-0196 (Japan)

2016-08-14

The effects of guest atomic species in Si clathrates on the lattice thermal conductivity were studied using classical molecular dynamics calculations. The interaction between a host atom and a guest atom was described by the Morse potential function while that between host atoms was described by the Tersoff potential. The parameters of the potentials were newly determined for this study such that the potential curves obtained from first-principles calculations for the insertion of a guest atom into a Si cage were successfully reproduced. The lattice thermal conductivities were calculated by using the Green-Kubo method. The experimental lattice thermal conductivity of Ba{sub 8}Ga{sub 16}Si{sub 30} can be successfully reproduced using the method. As a result, the lattice thermal conductivities of type-I Si clathrates, M{sub 8}Si{sub 46} (M = Na, Mg, K, Ca Rb, Sr, Cs, or Ba), were obtained. It is found that the lattice thermal conductivities of M{sub 8}Si{sub 46}, where M is IIA elements (i.e., M = Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) tend to be lower than those of M{sub 8}Si{sub 46}, where M is IA elements (i.e., M = Na, K, Rb, or Cs). Those of {sup m}M{sub 8}Si{sub 46}, where m was artificially modified atomic weight were also obtained. The obtained lattice thermal conductivity can be regarded as a function of a characteristic frequency, f{sub c}. That indicates minimum values around f{sub c}=2-4 THz, which corresponds to the center of the frequencies of the transverse acoustic phonon modes associated with Si cages.

Deformation of high-temperature superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goretta, K.C.; Routbort, J.L.; Miller, D.J.; Chen, N.; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A.; Jimenez-Melendo, M.; De Arellano-Lopez, A.R.

1994-08-01

Of the many families of high-temperature superconductors, only the properties of those discovered prior to 1989 - Y-Ba-Cu-O, Tl-Ba(Sr)-Ca-Cu-O, and Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O - have been studied extensively. Deformation tests have been performed on YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (Y-123), YBa 2 Cu 4 O x (Y-124), TlBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x (Bi-2223). The tests have revealed that plasticity is generally limited in these compounds and that the rate-controlling diffusional kinetics for creep are very slow. Nevertheless, hot forming has proved to be quite successful for fabrication of bulk high-temperature superconductors, so long as deformation rates are low or large hydrostatic stresses are applied. Steady-state creep data have proved to be useful in designing optimal heat treatments for superconductors and in support of more-fundamental diffusion experiments. The high-temperature superconductors are highly complex oxides, and it is a challenge to understand their deformation responses. In this paper, results of interest and operant creep mechanisms will be reviewed

Novel superconducting state in ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe. Microscopic coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity probed by 59Co-NQR measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishida, Kenji; Hattori, Taisuke; Ihara, Yoshihiko; Nakai, Yusuke; Sato, Noriaki K.; Deguchi, Kazuhiko; Tamura, Nobuyuki; Satoh, Isamu

2010-01-01

We have investigated the relationship between ferromagnetism and superconductivity in ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe from 59 Co nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements. Our experimental results indicate the microscopic coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in UCoGe, and suggest a 'self-induced vortex state' in its superconducting state. We also review NQR experiments, which play an important role in this study. (author)

Structural and Transition Temperature of HgPbxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ Superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hermiz, G.Y.; Abbass, M.M.

2005-01-01

Solid state reaction technique (SSR) was used to prepare high-T c phase in HgPb x Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ superconductors. The effect of additional Pb to HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ was investigated. It has been found that the maximum transition temperature T c =133K is at x=0.1.X-ray diffraction showed a tetragonal structure with an average value of e=15.816 A . The average value of the valence of copper (v) is equal to 2.025. There is an increasing of density with the enhancement of the concentration of Pb 2

arXiv Charged Fermions Below 100 GeV

CERN Document Server

Egana-Ugrinovic, Daniel; Ruderman, Joshua T.

2018-05-03

How light can a fermion be if it has unit electric charge? We revisit the lore that LEP robustly excludes charged fermions lighter than about 100 GeV. We review LEP chargino searches, and find them to exclude charged fermions lighter than 90 GeV, assuming a higgsino-like cross section. However, if the charged fermion couples to a new scalar, destructive interference among production channels can lower the LEP cross section by a factor of 3. In this case, we find that charged fermions as light as 75 GeV can evade LEP bounds, while remaining consistent with constraints from the LHC. As the LHC collects more data, charged fermions in the 75–100 GeV mass range serve as a target for future monojet and disappearing track searches.

Ba/sub 2/Ge/sub 2/Te/sub 5/, a new telluridogermanate(III) with chain structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brinkmann, C; Eisenmann, B; Schaefer, H [Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (Germany, F.R.). Fachbereich Anorganische Chemie und Kernchemie

1984-10-01

The new compound Ba/sub 2/Ge/sub 2/Te/sub 5/ crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group: Pna2/sub 1/ (No. 33)). The lattice constants are given. In the structure distorted Ge/sub 2/Te/sub 6/-trigonal prisms are connected by common corners to infinite chains.

Observing the Bose-condensation of Cooper's pairs in superconductors on the isotope 73(73Ge)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nemov, S.A.; Seregin, P.P.; Khujakulov, E.S.; Turaev, N.Yu.

2007-01-01

Using the emission Moessbauer spectroscopy method on the isotope 73 ( 73 Ge) it has been established that the superconducting transition in the solid solutions (Pb 1-x Sn x ) 1-z In z Te and superconductor Nb 3 Al leads to the change of the electron density in the metal sites, while in the anion sites no change in the electronic density has been observed. (author)

Bi:Ge substitution - its effect on the structural and electrical properties of the Bi2212 superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saligan, P.P.

1997-03-01

The critical temperature determined from dc resistance and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements, and the coherence length obtained from the of fluctuation conductivity of polycrystalline Bi 2-x Ge x Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 +δ were studied. The effect of sample quality was also studied by making two kinds of pellet samples: (1) by conventional sintering process and (2) by conventional sintering process followed annealing at high temperature. The rough phase diagram of Bi 2-x Ge x Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 +δ was constructed and it was found that from x=0 to x=0.3 a predominantly Bi2212 phase can be obtained. The critical temperature of the unsubstituted Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 +δ is sensitive to the cold press and anneal method. The resistive transition T c based on the maximum dR(T)dT of the as-sintered Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 +δ is about 74 K. The resistive T c of the cold-pressed-annealed samples either (1) remain near 74 K or (2) increase to approximately 85 K or (3) show two values at about 74 K and 85 K. A structural relaxation is observed in the Bi 2-x Ge x Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 +δ the c-axis decreases with increasing x and the a-axis increases at x=0.1 then settles back to its unsubstituted value at higher x. The as-sintered samples show an increasing resistive T c with x, 74 K for x=0 and 79 K for x>0. The resistive T c 's of the cold-pressed-annealed samples are almost independent of x, 85 K for x=0 and 87 K for x>0. The increase in the magnetic critical temperature induced by the cold press and anneal method is considerably larger compared to the increase in the resistive critical temperature, independent of the Bi:Ge substitution. An analysis of fluctuation conductivity just above T c using the Aslamasov-Larkin model for two-dimensional superconductors and the Lawrence-Doniach model for layered superconductors was done. The Aslamasov-Larkin model gives the thickness of the two dimensional superconductor to be ∼34 A also independent of the Bi:Ge substitution. The Lawrence

Making superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McDonald, W.K.

1981-01-01

A method is described of producing composite rod or wire of increased strength and fineness wherein the composite is formed by reducing a lamina of two metals which have been rolled to form a cylindrical billet in which one of the metals is in expanded form. The composite produced can be encased in copper and fabricated to produce a superconductor. Alloys contemplated for producing superconductors are Nb 3 Sn, Nb 3 Ga, Nb 3 Ge, Nb 3 Si, Nb-Ti, V 3 Ga, V 3 Si, V 3 Sn, V 3 Al, and V 3 Ge laminated on bronze, Al, Cu, Ta, or combinations thereof. (author)

Electronic structure of LaFe{sub 2}X{sub 2} (X = Si,Ge)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hase, I., E-mail: i.hase@aist.go.jp [Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan); Yanagisawa, T. [Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan)

2011-11-15

We have calculated the electronic structure of LaFe{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and LaFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} from first-principles. The obtained Fermi surfaces of LaFe{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and LaFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} resemble those of LaRu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}, which well explains the result of the dHvA experiments of CeRu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. Their density of states curves show the common feature with CaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2}. D(E{sub F}) strongly depends on the distortion of the FeX{sub 4} tetrahedra and/or the height of the X atom, as also found in iron-pnictide system. Recently found iron-pnictide superconductor (Ba,K)Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} and the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu{sub 2}Si{sub 2} both have the same crystal structure. In this paper we have calculated the electronic structure of LaFe{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and LaFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} from first-principles. These compounds also have the same crystal structure and closely related to both of (Ba,K)Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} and CeRu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. The obtained Fermi surfaces of LaFe{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and LaFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} resemble those of LaRu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}, which are already found that they well explain the results of the dHvA experiments of CeRu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. Their density of states curves show the common feature with CaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2}. The density of states at the Fermi level strongly depends on the distortion of the FeX{sub 4} tetrahedra and/or the height of the X atom from the two-dimensional Fe plane, as also found in iron-pnictide system. The electronic specific heat coefficient is 11.8 mJ/mol K{sup 2} for LaFe{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and 12.5 mJ/mol K{sup 2} for LaFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}, which is about 1/3 and 1/2 of experimental results, respectively.

Evolution of magnetic and superconducting phases with doping and pressure in the underdoped iron-arsenide superconductor Ba{sub 1-x}K{sub x}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hassinger, Elena [Universite de Sherbrooke, Quebec (Canada); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Max Planck Institut fuer Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden (Germany); Gredat, Gregory; Valade, Fabrice; Rene de Cotret, Samuel; Juneau-Fecteau, Alexandre; Reid, Jean-Philippe; Doiron-Leyraud, Nicolas [Universite de Sherbrooke, Quebec (Canada); Kim, H.; Tanatar, Makariy A.; Prozorov, Ruslan [Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa (United States); Shen, B.; Wen, H.H. [Nanjing University (China); Taillefer, Louis [Universite de Sherbrooke, Quebec (Canada); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)

2015-07-01

The electrical resistivity ρ of the iron-arsenide superconductor Ba{sub 1-x}K{sub x}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} was measured in applied pressures up to 2.75 GPa for seven underdoped samples. Six of them are antiferromagnetic at P = 0 with 0.16 < x < 0.24 and one is non-magnetic with x = 0.26. The stripe-like antiferromagnetic ordering temperature T{sub N}, detected as a sharp anomaly in ρ(T), decreases linearly with pressure. For every magnetic sample a second phase appears with pressure at a lower temperature T{sub 0}, which rises with pressure. The critical pressure above which this phase appears decreases with doping going to zero for x = 0.24 just below the critical doping for the magnetic phase. This behaviour is reminiscent of the second magnetic phase appearing in Ba{sub 0.76}Na{sub 0.24}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} where the tetragonal symmetry is restored in favour of the scenario in which the nematic order in the iron pnictides is of magnetic origin.

Graphene growth on Ge(100)/Si(100) substrates by CVD method.

Science.gov (United States)

Pasternak, Iwona; Wesolowski, Marek; Jozwik, Iwona; Lukosius, Mindaugas; Lupina, Grzegorz; Dabrowski, Pawel; Baranowski, Jacek M; Strupinski, Wlodek

2016-02-22

The successful integration of graphene into microelectronic devices is strongly dependent on the availability of direct deposition processes, which can provide uniform, large area and high quality graphene on nonmetallic substrates. As of today the dominant technology is based on Si and obtaining graphene with Si is treated as the most advantageous solution. However, the formation of carbide during the growth process makes manufacturing graphene on Si wafers extremely challenging. To overcome these difficulties and reach the set goals, we proposed growth of high quality graphene layers by the CVD method on Ge(100)/Si(100) wafers. In addition, a stochastic model was applied in order to describe the graphene growth process on the Ge(100)/Si(100) substrate and to determine the direction of further processes. As a result, high quality graphene was grown, which was proved by Raman spectroscopy results, showing uniform monolayer films with FWHM of the 2D band of 32 cm(-1).

Accurate determination of the composition of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor by spectrophotometry, gravimetry and flame AAS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruneel, E; Verbauwhede, D; Vyver, D Van de; Schaubroeck, J; Hoste, S; Driessche, I Van

2005-01-01

A procedure for the accurate analytical determination of yttrium, barium and copper in an YBa 2 Cu 3 O x superconductor is described. After dissolution of the material the concentration of Y and Cu was spectrophotometrically determined as an Y-Arsenazo III and a Cu-Nitroso-R-salt complex, respectively. Ba was determined either gravimetrically as BaCrO 4 , after precipitation using a K 2 CrO 4 solution or using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). An accuracy better than 0.7% and a coefficient of variation better then 1.2% are obtained. It is illustrated that this analytical procedure can be used to determine the composition of a bulk superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O x sample. For determination of Ba in thin films we suggest the use of flame AAS, with an accuracy of 0.03% and a coefficient of variation of 1.7%

Cyclodextrin-Based Solid-Gas Clathrates

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pereva, Stiliana; Himitliiska, Tsveta; Spassov, Tony; Stoyanov, S.D.; Arnaudov, L.N.; Dudev, Todor

2015-01-01

"Cyclodextrin-gas" clathrates were obtained by crystallization from water solution of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) under pressure of the gas to be entrapped into the CD molecules. When the pressure is released, these clathrates are stable at ambient conditions and dissociate at elevated

High critical currents in heavily doped (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selvamanickam, V; Gharahcheshmeh, MH; Xu, A; Galstyan, E; Delgado, L; Cantoni, C

2015-01-19

REBa2Cu3Ox ((REBCO), RE = rare earth) superconductor tapes with moderate levels of dopants have been optimized for high critical current density in low magnetic fields at 77 K, but they do not exhibit exemplary performance in conditions of interest for practical applications, i.e., temperatures less than 50K and fields of 2-30 T. Heavy doping of REBCO tapes has been avoided by researchers thus far due to deterioration in properties. Here, we report achievement of critical current densities (J(c)) above 20 MA/cm(2) at 30 K, 3 T in heavily doped (25 mol.% Zr-added) (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes, which is more than three times higher than the J(c) typically obtained in moderately doped tapes. Pinning force levels above 1000 GN/m(3) have also been attained at 20 K. A composition map of lift factor in J(c) (ratio of J(c) at 30 K, 3 T to the J(c) at 77 K, 0 T) has been developed which reveals the optimum film composition to obtain lift factors above six, which is thrice the typical value. A highly c-axis aligned BaZrO3 (BZO) nanocolumn defect density of nearly 7 x 10(11) cm(-2) as well as 2-3 nm sized particles rich in Cu and Zr have been found in the high J(c) films. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

Evidence of a spin resonance mode in the iron-based superconductor Ba(0.6)K(0.4)Fe2As2 from scanning tunneling spectroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Shan, Lei; Gong, Jing; Wang, Yong-Lei; Shen, Bing; Hou, Xingyuan; Ren, Cong; Li, Chunhong; Yang, Huan; Wen, Hai-Hu; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng

2012-06-01

We used high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy to study the hole-doped iron pnictide superconductor Ba(0.6)K(0.4)Fe(2)As(2) (T(c)=38 K). Features of a bosonic excitation (mode) are observed in the measured quasiparticle density of states. The bosonic features are intimately associated with the superconducting order parameter and have a mode energy of ~14 meV, similar to the spin resonance measured by inelastic neutron scattering. These results indicate a strong electron-spin excitation coupling in iron pnictide superconductors, similar to that in high-T(c) copper oxide superconductors.

Method for preparation of textured YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x superconductor

Science.gov (United States)

Selvamanickam, Venkat; Goyal, Amit; Kroeger, Donald M.

1998-01-01

The present invention relate to textured YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x (Y-123) superconductors and a process of preparing them by directional recrystallization of compacts fabricated from quenched YBCO powders at temperatures about 100.degree. C. below the peritectic temperature to provide a superconductor where more than 75% of the YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x phase is obtained without any Y.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.5 .

Accurate determination of the composition of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor by spectrophotometry, gravimetry and flame AAS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruneel, E [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281(S3), 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Verbauwhede, D [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281(S3), 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Vyver, D Van de [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281(S3), 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Schaubroeck, J [Departement Industriele Wetenschappen, Hogeschool Gent, Schoonmeerstraat 52 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Hoste, S [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281(S3), 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Driessche, I Van [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281(S3), 9000 Ghent (Belgium)

2005-06-01

A procedure for the accurate analytical determination of yttrium, barium and copper in an YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} superconductor is described. After dissolution of the material the concentration of Y and Cu was spectrophotometrically determined as an Y-Arsenazo III and a Cu-Nitroso-R-salt complex, respectively. Ba was determined either gravimetrically as BaCrO{sub 4}, after precipitation using a K{sub 2}CrO{sub 4} solution or using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). An accuracy better than 0.7% and a coefficient of variation better then 1.2% are obtained. It is illustrated that this analytical procedure can be used to determine the composition of a bulk superconducting YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} sample. For determination of Ba in thin films we suggest the use of flame AAS, with an accuracy of 0.03% and a coefficient of variation of 1.7%.

CLATHRATE HYDRATES FORMATION IN SHORT-PERIOD COMETS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marboeuf, Ulysse; Mousis, Olivier; Petit, Jean-Marc; Schmitt, Bernard

2010-01-01

The initial composition of current models of cometary nuclei is only based on two forms of ice: crystalline ice for long-period comets and amorphous ice for short-period comets. A third form of ice, i.e., clathrate hydrate, could exist within the short-period cometary nuclei, but the area of formation of this crystalline structure in these objects has never been studied. Here, we show that the thermodynamic conditions in the interior of short-period comets allow the existence of clathrate hydrates in Halley-type comets. We show that their existence is viable in the Jupiter family comets only when the equilibrium pressure of CO clathrate hydrate is at least 1 order of magnitude lower than the usually assumed theoretical value. We calculate that the amount of volatiles that could be trapped in the clathrate hydrate layer may be orders of magnitude greater than the daily amount of gas released at the surface of the nucleus at perihelion. The formation and the destruction of the clathrate hydrate cages could then explain the diversity of composition of volatiles observed in comets, as well as some pre-perihelion outbursts. We finally show that the potential clathrate hydrate layer in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko would, unfortunately, be deep inside the nucleus, out of reach of the Rosetta lander. However, such a clathrate hydrate layer would show up by the gas composition of the coma.

Thermal transport property of Ge34 and d-Ge investigated by molecular dynamics and the Slack's equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han-Fu, Wang; Wei-Guo, Chu; Yan-Jun, Guo; Hao, Jin

2010-01-01

In this study, we evaluate the values of lattice thermal conductivity κ L of type II Ge clathrate (Ge 34 ) and diamond phase Ge crystal (d-Ge) with the equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) method and the Slack's equation. The key parameters of the Slack's equation are derived from the thermodynamic properties obtained from the lattice dynamics (LD) calculations. The empirical Tersoff's potential is used in both EMD and LD simulations. The thermal conductivities of d-Ge calculated by both methods are in accordance with the experimental values. The predictions of the Slack's equation are consistent with the EMD results above 250 K for both Ge 34 and d-Ge. In a temperature range of 200–1000 K, the κ L value of d-Ge is about several times larger than that of Ge 34 . (condensed matter: structure, thermal and mechanical properties)

Single ferromagnetic fluctuations in UCoGe revealed by 73Ge- and 59Co-NMR studies

Science.gov (United States)

Manago, Masahiro; Ishida, Kenji; Aoki, Dai

2018-02-01

73Ge and 59Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements have been performed on a 73Ge-enriched single-crystalline sample of the ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe in the paramagnetic state. The 73Ge NQR parameters deduced from NQR and NMR are close to those of another isostructural ferromagnetic superconductor URhGe. The Knight shifts of the Ge and Co sites are well scaled to each other when the magnetic field is parallel to the b or c axis. The hyperfine coupling constants of Ge are estimated to be close to those of Co. The large difference of spin susceptibilities between the a and b axes could lead to the different response of the superconductivity and ferromagnetism with the field parallel to these directions. The temperature dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates 1 /T1 at the two sites is similar to each other above 5 K. These results indicate that the itinerant U-5 f electrons are responsible for the ferromagnetism in this compound, consistent with previous studies. The similarities and differences in the three ferromagnetic superconductors are discussed.

Experimental studies of effect of high current pulse electron and carbon ion beams on high temperature Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korenev, S.A.; Sikolenko, V.V.; Chernakova, A.

1989-01-01

This work shows the results of the experiment on the effect of high current electron and carbon ion pulse beams irradiation on High-T c superconductors Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Ca-Cu-O in vacuum (P∼5x10 -5 torr). The parameters of electron beam used in the experiment were: E∼100-300 keV, j e ∼10-1000 A/cm 2 , τ) p ∼300ns. The parameters of carbon ions used in the experiment were: E∼100-300keV j i ∼1-60A/cm, τ p ∼300ns. Experiments had shown the threshold electron beam power density for surface melting in adiabatic heat condition for Y-Ba-Cu-O ceramics up to P 0 >or approx. 10 7 W/cm 2 , and for Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O ceramics up to P 0 ∼4x10 6 W/cm 2 . Increasing of critical current in ∼2 times was observed in samples with a melting surface layer. The integral resistance of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O decreased in ∼2-2.5 times for electron beam irradiated samples and in ∼1.25-1.8 times for ion irradiated samples. Amorphization did not take place and stoichiometry remained after such irradiation. 6 refs.; 2 figs.; 1 tab

Melt-processed Gd-Ba-Cu-O superconductor with trapped field of 3 T at 77 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nariki, S; Sakai, N; Murakami, M

2005-01-01

We fabricated a single-domain Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor 65 mm in diameter and studied the microstructure, superconducting and field-trapping properties. Melt-processing was performed under a controlled oxygen partial pressure of 1.0% using a precursor containing Gd123 and Gd211 powders in a molar ratio of 2:1, with 0.5 wt% of Pt and 20 wt% of Ag 2 O added. The distribution of Ag and Gd211 particles was almost homogeneous. The addition of Ag was very effective in reducing the amount of cracking in the sample. The maximum trapped magnetic field recorded was 3.05 T at 77 K. We also measured the trapped field between two Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk samples in order to minimize the demagnetizing effect and found that the trapped field reached 4.3 T at 77 K

Investigating the Metastability of Clathrate Hydrates for Energy Storage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koh, Carolyn Ann [Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)

2014-11-18

Important breakthrough discoveries have been achieved from the DOE award on the key processes controlling the synthesis and structure-property relations of clathrate hydrates, which are critical to the development of clathrate hydrates as energy storage materials. Key achievements include: (i) the discovery of key clathrate hydrate building blocks (stable and metastable) leading to clathrate hydrate nucleation and growth; (ii) development of a rapid clathrate hydrate synthesis route via a seeding mechanism; (iii) synthesis-structure relations of H2 + CH4/CO2 binary hydrates to control thermodynamic requirements for energy storage and sequestration applications; (iv) discovery of a new metastable phase present during clathrate hydrate structural transitions. The success of our research to-date is demonstrated by the significant papers we have published in high impact journals, including Science, Angewandte Chemie, J. Am. Chem. Soc. Intellectual Merits of Project Accomplishments: The intellectual merits of the project accomplishments are significant and transformative, in which the fundamental coupled computational and experimental program has provided new and critical understanding on the key processes controlling the nucleation, growth, and thermodynamics of clathrate hydrates containing hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and other guest molecules for energy storage. Key examples of the intellectual merits of the accomplishments include: the first discovery of the nucleation pathways and dominant stable and metastable structures leading to clathrate hydrate formation; the discovery and experimental confirmation of new metastable clathrate hydrate structures; the development of new synthesis methods for controlling clathrate hydrate formation and enclathration of molecular hydrogen. Broader Impacts of Project Accomplishments: The molecular investigations performed in this project on the synthesis (nucleation & growth)-structure-stability relations of clathrate

Theoretical study of cathode surfaces and high-temperature superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Mueller, Wolfgang

1995-01-01

Calculations are presented for the work functions of BaO on W, Os, Pt, and alloys of Re-W, Os-W, and Ir-W that are in excellent agreement with experiment. The observed emission enhancement for alloy relative to tungsten dispenser cathodes is attributed to properties of the substrate crystal structure and explained by the smaller depolarization of the surface dipole on hexagonal as compared to cubic substrates. For Ba and BaO on W(100), the geometry of the adsorbates has been determined by a comparison of inverse photoemission spectra with calculated densities of unoccupied states based on the fully relativistic embedded cluster approach. Results are also discussed for models of scandate cathodes and the electronic structure of oxygen on W(100) at room and elevated temperatures. A detailed comparison is made for the surface electronic structure of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 as obtained with non-, quasi-, and fully relativistic cluster calculations.

The preparation of Nb3Ge thin film superconductors in a UHV evaporation and sputter device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krevet, B.; Schauer, W.; Wuechner, F.

1978-10-01

Thin film techniques like evaporation or sputtering are remarkbly suitable to vary the metallurgical and physical properties of superconductors in a wide range. In the case of the A15-compound Nb 3 Ge only these preparation techniques allow us to produce a metastable pure phase in stoichiometric composition and to study its superconducting properties. The presen report describes two UHV-plants to produce superconducting films by multisource coevaporation and cosputtering. Of special importance are the constancy, monitoring and control of the evaporation rate, and the thermalization of the sputter components on the other hand. The experimental methods used are explained in detail and discussed together with the results of Nb 3 Ge films. With the preparation parameters suitably chosen both techniques allow to prepare reproducibly Nb 3 Ge films with 21 K transition temperature (onset); under optimized conditions Tc values up to 22.3 K have been reached. (orig.) [de

High critical currents in heavily doped (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selvamanickam, V.; Gharahcheshmeh, M. Heydari; Xu, A.; Galstyan, E.; Delgado, L.; Cantoni, C.

2015-01-01

REBa 2 Cu 3 O x ((REBCO), RE = rare earth) superconductor tapes with moderate levels of dopants have been optimized for high critical current density in low magnetic fields at 77 K, but they do not exhibit exemplary performance in conditions of interest for practical applications, i.e., temperatures less than 50 K and fields of 2–30 T. Heavy doping of REBCO tapes has been avoided by researchers thus far due to deterioration in properties. Here, we report achievement of critical current densities (J c ) above 20 MA/cm 2 at 30 K, 3 T in heavily doped (25 mol. % Zr-added) (Gd,Y)Ba 2 Cu 3 O x superconductor tapes, which is more than three times higher than the J c typically obtained in moderately doped tapes. Pinning force levels above 1000 GN/m 3 have also been attained at 20 K. A composition map of lift factor in J c (ratio of J c at 30 K, 3 T to the J c at 77 K, 0 T) has been developed which reveals the optimum film composition to obtain lift factors above six, which is thrice the typical value. A highly c-axis aligned BaZrO 3 (BZO) nanocolumn defect density of nearly 7 × 10 11  cm −2 as well as 2–3 nm sized particles rich in Cu and Zr have been found in the high J c films

(Sr,Ba)(Si,Ge)2 for thin-film solar-cell applications: First-principles study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Mukesh; Umezawa, Naoto; Imai, Motoharu

2014-01-01

In order to meet the increasing demand for electric power generation from solar energy conversion, the development of efficient light absorber materials has been awaited. To this end, the electronic and optical properties of advanced alkaline-earth-metals disilicides and digermanides (SrSi 2 , BaSi 2 , SrGe 2 , and BaGe 2 ) are studied by means of the density functional theory using HSE06 exchange-correlation energy functional. Our calculations show that all these orthorhombic structured compounds have fundamental indirect band gaps in the range E g ≈ 0.89–1.25 eV, which is suitable for solar cell applications. The estimated lattice parameters and band gaps are in good agreement with experiments. Our calculations show that the electronic band structures of all four compounds are very similar except in the vicinity of the Γ-point. The valence band of these compounds is made up by Si(Ge)-p states, whereas the conduction band is composed of Sr(Ba)-d states. Their band alignments are carefully determined by estimating the work function of each compound using slab model. The optical properties are discussed in terms of the complex dielectric function ε(ω) = ε 1 (ω) + iε 2 (ω). The static and high-frequency dielectric constants are calculated, taking into account the ionic contribution. The absorption coefficient α(ω) demonstrates that a low energy dispersion of the conduction band, which results in a flat conduction band minimum, leads to large optical activity in these compounds. Therefore, alkaline-earth-metals disilicides and digermanides possess great potential as light absorbers for applications in thin-film solar cell technologies.

Surface Science in an MOCVD Environment: Arsenic on Vicinal Ge(100)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olson, J.M.; McMahon, W.E.

1998-01-01

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of arsine-exposed vicinal Ge(100) surfaces show that most As/Ge steps are reconstructed, and that a variety of different step structures exist. The entire family of reconstructed As/Ge steps can be divided into two types, which we have chosen to call ''single-row'' steps and ''double-row'' steps. In this paper we propose a model for a double-row step created by annealing a vicinal Ge(100) substrate under an arsine flux in a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) chamber

Atomistics of Ge deposition on Si(100) by atomic layer epitaxy.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, D S; Wu, J L; Pan, S Y; Chiang, T C

2003-01-31

Chlorine termination of mixed Ge/Si(100) surfaces substantially enhances the contrast between Ge and Si sites in scanning tunneling microscopy observations. This finding enables a detailed investigation of the spatial distribution of Ge atoms deposited on Si(100) by atomic layer epitaxy. The results are corroborated by photoemission measurements aided by an unusually large chemical shift between Cl adsorbed on Si and Ge. Adsorbate-substrate atomic exchange during growth is shown to be important. The resulting interface is thus graded, but characterized by a very short length scale of about one monolayer.

Annealing-induced Ge/Si(100) island evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Yangting; Drucker, Jeff

2003-01-01

Ge/Si(100) islands were found to coarsen during in situ annealing at growth temperature. Islands were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy of pure Ge and annealed at substrate temperatures of T=450, 550, 600, and 650 deg. C, with Ge coverages of 6.5, 8.0, and 9.5 monolayers. Three coarsening mechanisms operate in this temperature range: wetting-layer consumption, conventional Ostwald ripening, and Si interdiffusion. For samples grown and annealed at T=450 deg. C, consumption of a metastably thick wetting layer causes rapid initial coarsening. Slower coarsening at longer annealing times occurs by conventional Ostwald ripening. Coarsening of samples grown and annealed at T=550 deg. C occurs via a combination of Si interdiffusion and conventional Ostwald ripening. For samples grown and annealed at T≥600 deg. C, Ostwald ripening of SiGe alloy clusters appears to be the dominant coarsening mechanism

Iron pnictide superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tegel, Marcus Christian

2011-01-01

The scope of this dissertation therefore has not only been the synthesis of various new superconducting and non-superconducting iron pnictides of several structural families but also their in-depth crystallographic and physical characterisation. In Chapters 3 - 6, the family of the ZrCuSiAs-type (1111) compounds is subject of discussion. The solid solution series La(Co x Fe 1-x )PO is analysed regarding magnetic and superconducting properties and the new compounds EuMnPF and REZnPO, as well as the new superconductor parent compound SrFeAsF are presented. Chapters 7 - 9 are dedicated to the new iron arsenide superconductors of the ThCr 2 Si 2 -type (122 family). Therein, also the discovery of the first superconductor in this structural family, Ba 0.6 K 0.4 Fe 2 As 2 , is unveiled. A detailed examination of the complete solid solution series (Ba 1-x K x )Fe 2 As 2 is presented. Moreover, the crystallographic phase transitions of the closely related compounds SrFe 2 As 2 and EuFe 2 As 2 are characterised and the superconductors Sr 1-x K x Fe 2 As 2 and Ca 1-x Na x Fe 2 As 2 are examined for magnetic and phononic excitations. In Chapter 10, the redetermined crystal structure of the superconductor Fe(Se 1-x Te x ) (11-type) is presented from a chemist's point of view. Chapters 11 - 14 look into the superconducting and non-superconducting iron arsenides of more complex structural families (32522-type and 21311-type). Therein, crystallographic and magnetic details of Sr 3 Sc 2 O 5 Fe 2 As 2 are presented and Ba 2 ScO 3 FeAs and Sr 2 CrO 3 FeAs, the first two members of the new 21311-type are portrayed. Sr 2 CrO 3 FeAs is looked at in close detail with various methods, so e.g. the spin structure of the magnetically ordered compound is solved and a possible reason for the absence of superconductivity in this compound is given. Finally, the superconductor Sr 2 VO 3 FeAs is scrutinised and necessary prerequisites for superconductivity in this compound are suggested. (orig.)

Atomic layer-by-layer oxidation of Ge (100) and (111) surfaces by plasma post oxidation of Al2O3/Ge structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Rui; Huang, Po-Chin; Lin, Ju-Chin; Takenaka, Mitsuru; Takagi, Shinichi

2013-01-01

The ultrathin GeO x /Ge interfaces formed on Ge (100) and (111) surfaces by applying plasma post oxidation to thin Al 2 O 3 /Ge structures are characterized in detail using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the XPS signals assigned to Ge 1+ and the 2+ states in the GeO x layers by post plasma oxidation have oscillating behaviors on Ge (100) surfaces in a period of ∼0.3 nm with an increase in the GeO x thickness. Additionally, the oscillations of the signals assigned to Ge 1+ and 2+ states show opposite phase to each other. The similar oscillation behaviors are also confirmed on Ge (111) surfaces for Ge 1+ and 3+ states in a period of ∼0.5 nm. These phenomena can be strongly regarded as an evidence of the atomic layer-by-layer oxidation of GeO x /Ge interfaces on Ge (100) and (111) surfaces.

Synthesis and characterization of BaTi1−xSnxO3–0.5 mol%GeO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bucur, Raul Alin; Bucur, Alexandra Ioana; Novaconi, Stefan; Nicoara, Irina

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► BaTi 1−x Sn x O 3 –0.5 mol%GeO 2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) ceramics were prepared at 1190 °C. ► GeO 2 improves crystallization and densification. ► Anomalies are noted for the rhombohedral–orthorhombic transition of BT–0.5Ge. ► For x = 0.3 and 0.5, ε′ r exhibit nearly constant variation between 200 and 400 K. - Abstract: Microcrystalline BaTi 1−x Sn x O 3 –0.5 mol%GeO 2 x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 (BTSx–0.5Ge) and BaTiO 3 (BT) ceramics (1–0.5 μm) were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The crystalline structure of the samples was examined using XRD, the microstructure was analyzed by means of electron microscope and the density was measured by the Archimede’s method. The sintered ceramic disks have a tetragonal symmetry for BT, pseudo cubic for BTS1–0.5Ge and cubic symmetry for the other studied materials, with a gradual increase of unit cell dimensions. Small addition of GeO 2 can improve the density of BT ceramics: 97.9% for BT–0.5Ge, and 96.21% for pure BT. The highest degree of densification in the case of tin doping is achieved for BTS1–0.5Ge (96.93%). The formation of a liquid phase can lead to an anomalous grain growth, and in the case of BT–0.5Ge the grains are completely surrounded by a frozen eutectic melt. For the dielectric constant, while increasing the Sn concentration, the T C gradually shifts towards lower temperatures, and the peak of this transition becomes broader. The lowering of T C is mostly due to the concentration of tin ions and in a much delicate way to Ge ions. Anomalies are noticed for the orthorhombic transition, where the permittivity is higher than the same transition of the matrix (BT), with a shift towards higher temperatures. The BTS3–0.5Ge and BTS5–0.5Ge are the most stable compositions in terms of dielectric behavior, since in the temperature range 200–400 K, ε′ r is almost constant. Therefore, these compositions can be used for devices that operate over a

New method for introducing nanometer flux pinning centers into single domain YBCO bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, W.M.; Wang, Miao

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Single domain YBCO bulks with Bi 2 O 3 additions fabricated by TSIG process. • Nanoscale Y 2 Ba 4 CuBiOx(YBi2411) particles introduced by Bi 2 O 3 additions. • The YBi2411 particles are about 150 nm, can act as effective flux pinning centers. • The optimal addition of Bi 2 O 3 is 0.7wt% to achieve higher levitation force. • The result is helpful to improve the quality of REBCO bulk superconductors. -- Abstract: Single domain YBCO superconductors with different additions of Bi 2 O 3 have been fabricated by top seeded infiltration and growth process (TSIG). The effect of Bi 2 O 3 additions on the growth morphology, microstructure and levitation force of the YBCO bulk superconductor has been investigated. The results indicate that single domain YBCO superconductors can be fabricated with the additions of Bi 2 O 3 less than 2 wt%; Bi 2 O 3 can be reacted with Y 2 BaCuO 5 and liquid phase and finally form Y 2 Ba 4 CuBiO x (YBi2411) nanoscale particles; the size of the YBi2411 particles is about 100 nm, which can act as effective flux pinning centers. It is also found that the levitation force of single domain YBCO bulks is increasing from 13 N to 34 N and decreasing to 11 N with the increasing of Bi 2 O 3 addition from 0.1 wt% to 0.7 wt% and 2 wt%. This result is helpful for us to improve the physical properties of REBCO bulk superconductors

Practical superconductor development for electrical power applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goretta, K.C.

1991-10-01

Development of useful high-critical-temperature (high-T c ) superconductors requires synthesis of superconducting compounds; fabrication of wires, tapes, and films from these compounds; production of composite structures that incorporate stabilizers or insulators; and design and testing of efficient components. This report describes technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components based on the Y-Ba-Cu, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu, Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu, and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu oxides systems. Topics discussed are synthesis and heat treatment of high-T c superconductors, formation of monolithic and composite wires and tapes, superconductor/metal connectors, characterization of structures and superconducting and mechanical properties, and fabrication and properties of thin films. Collaborations with industry and academia are also documented. 10 figs

In situ control of As dimer orientation on Ge(100) surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brückner, Sebastian; Döscher, Henning; Supplie, Oliver; Luczak, Johannes; Barrigón, Enrique; Rey-Stolle, Ignacio; Kleinschmidt, Peter; Hannappel, Thomas

2012-01-01

We investigated the preparation of single domain Ge(100):As surfaces in a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy reactor. In situ reflection anisotropy spectra (RAS) of vicinal substrates change when arsenic is supplied either by tertiarybutylarsine or by background As 4 during annealing. Low energy electron diffraction shows mutually perpendicular orientations of dimers, scanning tunneling microscopy reveals distinct differences in the step structure, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms differences in the As coverage of the Ge(100):As samples. Their RAS signals consist of contributions related to As dimer orientation and to step structure, enabling precise in situ control over preparation of single domain Ge(100):As surfaces.

In situ control of As dimer orientation on Ge(100) surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brueckner, Sebastian; Doescher, Henning [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin (Germany); Technische Universitaet Ilmenau, Institut fuer Physik, Postfach 10 05 65, 98684 Ilmenau (Germany); Supplie, Oliver; Luczak, Johannes [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin (Germany); Barrigon, Enrique; Rey-Stolle, Ignacio [Instituto de Energia Solar, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Kleinschmidt, Peter [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin (Germany); CiS Forschungsinstitut fuer Mikrosensorik und Photovoltaik GmbH, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 14, 99099 Erfurt (Germany); Hannappel, Thomas [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin (Germany); Technische Universitaet Ilmenau, Institut fuer Physik, Postfach 10 05 65, 98684 Ilmenau (Germany); CiS Forschungsinstitut fuer Mikrosensorik und Photovoltaik GmbH, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 14, 99099 Erfurt (Germany)

2012-09-17

We investigated the preparation of single domain Ge(100):As surfaces in a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy reactor. In situ reflection anisotropy spectra (RAS) of vicinal substrates change when arsenic is supplied either by tertiarybutylarsine or by background As{sub 4} during annealing. Low energy electron diffraction shows mutually perpendicular orientations of dimers, scanning tunneling microscopy reveals distinct differences in the step structure, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms differences in the As coverage of the Ge(100):As samples. Their RAS signals consist of contributions related to As dimer orientation and to step structure, enabling precise in situ control over preparation of single domain Ge(100):As surfaces.

Structural phase transitions in Iron - based superconductors BaFe2-xCrxAs2 under high pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uhoya, W.O.; Montgomery, J.M.; Samudrala, G.K.; Tsoi, G.M.; Vohra, Y.K.; Sefar, A.S.

2011-01-01

Pure BaFe 2 As 2 with the ThCr 2 Si 2 -type crystal structure under ambient conditions is known to superconduct under high pressure and undergo an isostructural phase transition from tetragonal to collapsed tetragonal phase which is accompanied by anomalous compressibility effects. Presently, there is no reported work on the crystal structure on any of the chemically doped 122- iron based superconductors under high pressure. We have carried out the electrical resistance measurements and high pressure X-ray diffraction studies on Chromium doped samples of BaFe 2-x Cr x As 2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.4, 0.61) to a pressure of 75 GPa and a temperature of 10K using a synchrotron source and designer diamond anvils, so as to investigate the influence of chemical doping and high pressure on crystal structure and superconductivity

First-principles calculation of the transition temperature Tc for HgBa2CuO4+δ high-temperature superconductors via dipolon theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Downs, D.; Sharma, R.R.

1995-01-01

First numerical evaluations of T c for oxygenated and argon-reduced single-layered HgBa 2 CuO 4+δ superconductors have been presented. Our calculations are based on the dipolon theory and are found to provide an explanation for the occurrence of superconductivity in single-layered high-T c superconductors. Relevant expressions useful for the evaluation of T c have been given. Since the polarizabilities of the ions are not known exactly for the present systems we have performed calculations making use of Pauling's as well as Tessman, Kahn, and Shockley's polarizabilities in order to estimate the uncertainties in the calculated values of T c associated with uncertainties in the polarizabilities. The effective charges on the ions required for the evaluation of dipoles and dipolon frequencies have been obtained by means of the bond-valence sums. Without fitting with any parameters, our calculations yield T c values equal to 80±21 K for the oxygenated and 50±27 K for the argon-reduced HgBa 2 CuO 4+δ superconductors, in agreement with the corresponding experimental values 95 and 59 K. The uncertainties in the calculated values of T c arise because of the uncertainties in various physical parameters (including polarizabilities) used and due to errors involved in the calculations. The present results are consistent with the observed electronic Raman-scattering intensities which show anomalously broad peaks extended up to several electron volts in cuprate high-T c superconductors. Our calculated dipolon density of states predict four optical absorption peaks at about 77 cm -1 , 195 cm -1 , 1.6 eV, and 2.5 eV

Magnetic properties of Bi- and Tl- based new high-Tc superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Togano, K.; Kumakura, H.; Dietderich, D.H.

1988-01-01

Upper critical field H c2 and Magnetization curve were measured for new high-T c oxide superconductors of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O systems. H c2 values at 77K for the high-T phase of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, low-T c (T c (ρ = 0) = 105K) phase of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O, and high-T c (T c (ρ = 0)=115K) phase of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O are 41T, 50T, and 100T, respectively. The magnetization curve of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O shows a relatively small hysterisis, suggesting a weak pinning force compared to Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O as well as Ba 2 YCU 3 O x . Critical current density J c of 600A/Cm 2 at 77K and zero-magnetiac field was attained for the high-T c sample of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O

Behavior of the irreversibility line in the new superconductor La1.5+xBa1.5+x-yCayCu3Oz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parra Vargas, C.A.; Pimentel, J.L.; Pureur, P.; Landínez Téllez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J.

2012-01-01

The irreversibility properties of high-T c superconductors are of major importance for technological applications. For example, a high irreversibility magnetic field is a more desirable quality for a superconductor . The irreversibility line in the H-T plane is constituted by experimental points, which divides the irreversible and reversible behavior of the magnetization. The irreversibility lines for series of La 1.5+x Ba 1.5+x-y Ca y Cu 3 O z polycrystalline samples with different doping were investigated. The samples were synthesized using the usual solid estate reaction method. Rietveld-type refinement of x-ray diffraction patterns permitted to determine the crystallization of material in a tetragonal structure. Curves of magnetization ZFC-FC for the system La 1.5+x Ba 1.5+x-y Ca y Cu 3 O z , were measured in magnetic fields of the 10-20,000 Oe, and allowed to obtain the values for the irreversibility and critical temperatures. The data of irreversibility temperature allowed demarcating the irreversibility line, T irr (H). Two main lines are used for the interpretation of the irreversibility line: one of those which suppose that the vortexes are activated thermally and the other proposes that associated to T irr a phase transition occurs. The irreversibility line is described by a power law. The obtained results allow concluding that in the system La 1.5+x Ba 1.5+x-y Ca y Cu 3 O z a characteristic bend of the Almeida-Thouless (AT) tendency is dominant for low fields and a bend Gabay-Toulouse (GT) behavior for high magnetic fields. This feature of the irreversibility line has been reported as a characteristic of granular superconductors and it corroborates the topological effects of vortexes mentioned by several authors .

Q values of the 76Ge and 100Mo double-beta decays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rahaman, S.; Elomaa, V.-V.; Eronen, T.; Hakala, J.; Jokinen, A.; Julin, J.; Kankainen, A.; Saastamoinen, A.; Suhonen, J.; Weber, C.; Aystoe, J.

2008-01-01

Penning trap measurements using mixed beams of 76 Ge- 76 Se and 100 Mo- 100 Ru have been utilized to determine the double-beta decay Q-values of 76 Ge and 100 Mo with uncertainties less than 200 eV. The value for 76 Ge, 2039.04(16) keV is in agreement with the published SMILETRAP value, 2039.006(50) keV. The new value for 100 Mo, 3034.40(17) keV is 30 times more precise than the previous literature value, sufficient for the ongoing neutrinoless double-beta decay searches in 100 Mo. Moreover, the precise Q-value is used to calculate the phase-space integrals and the experimental nuclear matrix element of double-beta decay

Low resistivity contact to iron-pnictide superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Tanatar, Makariy; Prozorov, Ruslan; Ni, Ni; Bud& #x27; ko, Sergey; Canfield, Paul

2013-05-28

Method of making a low resistivity electrical connection between an electrical conductor and an iron pnictide superconductor involves connecting the electrical conductor and superconductor using a tin or tin-based material therebetween, such as using a tin or tin-based solder. The superconductor can be based on doped AFe.sub.2As.sub.2, where A can be Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu or combinations thereof for purposes of illustration only.

Simple die pressing for making artificial holes in single-grain Gd1.5Ba2Cu3O7−y superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, K-M; Park, S-D; Jun, B-H; Kim, C-J; Ko, T K

2012-01-01

The presence of artificial holes in single-grain REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−y (RE123, RE: rare-earth elements) bulk superconductors can facilitate oxygen diffusion into superconducting grains through the increased surface area. In addition to the enhancement of oxygen diffusion, the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of bulk superconductors can be improved by filling holes with a metallic conductive phase. This study presents a new and simple hole-making process for single-grain RE123 bulk superconductors. Artificial holes 3 or 5 mm in diameter were made for Gd 1.5 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−y (Gd1.5) powder compacts prior to the sintering/melt growth process using specially designed pressing dies. The die pressing neither induced cracking in powder compacts nor influenced thermal procedures for the Gd123 growth. Single-grain Gd1.5 bulk superconductors with holes were successfully fabricated by a top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process using Gd1.5 powder compacts with holes. The die pressing was proven as a time-saving process in comparison with the conventional method which makes holes in sintered or melt-processed hard bodies by mechanical drilling. The detailed fabrication process of single-grain Gd1.5 bulk superconductor with holes, magnetic levitation forces, and magnetic flux density, estimated for the single-grain Gd123 bulk superconductors with holes, are reported. (paper)

Electronic structure of the Y Ba2 Cu3 O7-x high temperature superconductor ceramic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, G.A.R.

1990-01-01

We investigate the electronic structure of superconductor Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-x through a molecular cluster approach. The calculations are performed self consistently through a semi empirical L.C.A.O. technique, where different charge states are considered. The correlation effects are taken into account by configuration interaction procedure (INDO/CI). The results for the larger cluster yield a density of states showing a strong p-d covalency resulting in a width of around 8,0 eV for the valence band. The optical excitations is analyzed in detail and compared with the experimental data. (author)

Facile synthesis of Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂ superconductors via hydride route

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zaikina, Julia V. [Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, CA (United States); Batuk, Maria [Univ. of Antwerp, Antwerp (Belgium); Abakumov, Artem M. [Univ. of Antwerp, Antwerp (Belgium); Navrotsky, Alexandra [Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, CA (United States); Kauzlarich, Susan M. [Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, CA (United States)

2014-12-03

We have developed a fast, easy, and scalable synthesis method for Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) superconductors using hydrides BaH₂ and KH as a source of barium and potassium metals. Synthesis from hydrides provides better mixing and easier handling of the starting materials, consequently leading to faster reactions and/or lower synthesis temperatures. The reducing atmosphere provided by the evolved hydrogen facilitates preparation of oxygen-free powders. By a combination of methods we have shown that Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂ obtained via hydride route has the same characteristics as when it is prepared by traditional solid-state synthesis. Refinement from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data confirms a linear dependence of unit cell parameters upon K content as well as the tetragonal to orthorhombic transition at low temperatures for compositions with x < 0.2. Magnetic measurements revealed dome-like dependence of superconducting transition temperature T_c upon K content with a maximum of 38 K for x close to 0.4. Electron diffraction and high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy indicates an absence of Ba/K ordering, while local inhomogeneity in the Ba/K distribution takes place at a scale of several angstroms along [110] crystallographic direction.

Optimization in the preparation of the YBa2Cu3O7-δ compound using BaCO3 and BaO2 reagents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bustamante D, A.; Flores S, J.

2004-01-01

The traditional superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (Y123) has an orthorhombic crystalline structure with spatial group Pmmm and its critical temperature is 90K. The literature reports the use of reagent BaCO 3 for the preparation by the solid state reaction which requires one calcination and two thermal treatments in oxygen flow at 950 o C. In this work we report the comparison in the preparation of Y123 using the BaO 2 reagent as another possibility for preparation; in this case we have used only two thermal treatments in oxygen flow at 950 o C; therefore reducing the costs in preparation. The powder XRD pattern of samples prepared with BaO 2 confirm a well crystallized phase an the diffraction lines of the main phase can be indexed with an orthorhombic unit cell. The ac susceptibility measurement in the range 5-100 K using a Quantum Design (SQUID) magnetometer for two samples confirms the superconductor behavior with critical temperature Tc ≅ 91 K. The critical temperatures for these systems were found taken account the derivatives of the susceptibility curves. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirms the good behavior of the grains corresponding to both methods. (orig.)

Chemical-clathrate hybrid hydrogen storage: storage in both guest and host.

Science.gov (United States)

Strobel, Timothy A; Kim, Yongkwan; Andrews, Gary S; Ferrell, Jack R; Koh, Carolyn A; Herring, Andrew M; Sloan, E Dendy

2008-11-12

Hydrogen storage from two independent sources of the same material represents a novel approach to the hydrogen storage problem, yielding storage capacities greater than either of the individual constituents. Here we report a novel hydrogen storage scheme in which recoverable hydrogen is stored molecularly within clathrate cavities as well as chemically in the clathrate host material. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements confirm the formation of beta-hydroquinone (beta-HQ) clathrate with molecular hydrogen. Hydrogen within the beta-HQ clathrate vibrates at considerably lower frequency than hydrogen in the free gaseous phase and rotates nondegenerately with splitting comparable to the rotational constant. Compared with water-based clathrate hydrate phases, the beta-HQ+H2 clathrate shows remarkable stability over a range of p-T conditions. Subsequent to clathrate decomposition, the host HQ was used to directly power a PEM fuel cell. With one H2 molecule per cavity, 0.61 wt % hydrogen may be stored in the beta-HQ clathrate cavities. When this amount is combined with complete dehydrogenation of the host hydroxyl hydrogens, the maximum hydrogen storage capacity increases nearly 300% to 2.43 wt %.

NO and NO{sub 2} adsorption on subsurface doped MgO (100) and BaO (100) surfaces. A density functional study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Añez, Rafael, E-mail: ranez@ivic.gob.ve [Laboratorio de Química Física y Catálisis Computacional, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Sierraalta, Aníbal [Laboratorio de Química Física y Catálisis Computacional, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 21827, Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Soto, Lenin J. Díaz [Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Física, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT Bloco A sala 412, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900 (Brazil)

2017-05-15

Highlights: • Subsurface doped BaO(100) and MgO(100) surfaces. • NO and NO{sub 2} adsorption on doped BaO(100) and MgO(100) surfaces. • Surface distortion produced by the doped improves the interaction with the surface. • NO and NO{sub 2} adsorption energies displayed good correlation with the transferred charge. - Abstract: A periodic DFT approach was used to study the energetic, electronic and structural changes produced by the V, Fe and Ni sub layer doped of the MgO (100) and BaO (100) surfaces and the effect of these changes over the adsorption of NO and NO{sub 2}. Results indicate that the higher capacity of donating charge of the transition metal atoms improves the ability of the surfaces to transfer charge to the molecules. The charge transferred goes to NO and NO{sub 2} antibonding orbitals which makes them more reactive hence the interaction becomes stronger. A good lineal correlation between the charge transferred and the calculated adsorption energy was found, that is, as the charge transferred increases the adsorption energy increases. The interaction between the NO or NO{sub 2} molecule on doped surfaces not only depends of the charge transferred, surface structural changes produced by the doping with transition metal atoms increase the adsorption energy specially on the BaO (100) surface where the surface structural changes were more noticeable. Calculated stretching frequency of a NO in a η{sup 1} –N configuration indicates that this is the most stable specie found for the adsorption of NO on terraces of the MgO (100) surface around 77 K and that the sub layer Ni doped BaO (100) surface could be a promising material for the decomposition of NO{sub 2}.

Formation of Germa-ketenimine on the Ge(100) Surface by Adsorption of tert-Butyl Isocyanide.

Science.gov (United States)

Shong, Bonggeun; Yoo, Jong Suk; Sandoval, Tania E; Bent, Stacey F

2017-06-28

Reactions of the (100) surfaces of Ge and Si with organic molecules have been generally understood within the concept of "dimers" formed by the 2 × 1 surface reconstruction. In this work, the adsorption of tert-butyl isocyanide on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface at large exposures is investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. A combination of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption experiments along with dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations is used to determine the surface products. Upon adsorption of a dense monolayer of tert-butyl isocyanide, a product whose structure resembles a germa-ketenimine (N=C=Ge) with σ donation toward and π back-donation from the Ge(100) surface appears. Formation of this structure involves divalent-type surface Ge atoms that arise from cleavage of the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface dimers. Our results reveal an unprecedented class of reactions of organic molecules at the Ge(100) surface.

NMR/NQR study of the superconductor Y2Ba4Cu7O15

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stern, R.

1995-01-01

This dissertation concentrates on several important aspects of the high temperature superconductivity research. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) studies in Y-Ba-O compounds contribute information regarding various aspects, ranging from the direct observation of strong coupling between the adjacent planes in the double plane to conclusions concerning the spatial symmetry of paring state in these cuprates. We report the first results in the 93 K superconductor Y 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 15 . This compound turns out to be a structure containing differently doped CuO 2 planes. The planes in the 1-2-3(1-2-4) block are only slightly lower (higher) doped than those in the corresponding parent compounds YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 . The results obtained from measurements on oxygen depleted Y 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 15-x show two new features which could explain the dissimilar variation of T c with oxygen content compared to YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x : i) the double chains donate charge carriers to the planes and ii) the chain fragments which survive when emptying single chains are longer than in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x . The pressure induced charge transfer from chain to plane in each block of Y 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 15 is the same as in the corresponding parent compound. We explore the strong coupling between nonequivalent planes in this compound using the three main NMR/NQR quantities, K spin , 1/T 1 ; and T 2G,ind , and estimate its approximate strength directly from spin-echo double resonance (SEDOR) experiments. We obtain for the ratio of the effective inter- and intraplane exchange-coupling constants the value of 0.3 just above T c . This ratio decreases with increasing temperature. (author) figs., tabs., refs

Vitrification and some physical and chemical properties of glass in the BaO-B2O3-GeO2 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dzhavadyan, V.G.; Kostanyan, K.A.

1977-01-01

The results are presented of the determination of the areas of glass-transition in RO-B 2 O-GeO 2 systems (where R=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and of the study of the density, the refraction index and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of glasses of the BaO-B 2 O 3 -GeO 2 system as a function of the composition. It is shown that the substitution of the glass forming agent in the borogermanate component by BaO leads to a non-linear growth of the density. A negative deviation is observed of the experimental variation of the molar volume from the ideal and the positive deviation of the refraction indices from the ideal values. A content of 30 % and over of BaO brings about a sharp increase in the value of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. Changes of the m lar volume, refraction index and coefficient of linear thermal expansion of glasses as a function of their compositions is due to the variation of the coordination number of boron on charge of the BaO/B 2 O 3 ratio

Chemical stability of high-temperature superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Bansal, Narottam P.

1992-01-01

A review of the available studies on the chemical stability of the high temperature superconductors (HTS) in various environments was made. The La(1.8)Ba(0.2)CuO4 HTS is unstable in the presence of H2O, CO2, and CO. The YBa2Cu3O(7-x) superconductor is highly susceptible to degradation in different environments, especially water. The La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO4 and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O HTS are relatively less reactive than the YBa2Cu3O(7-x). Processing of YBa2Cu3O(7-x) HTS in purified oxygen, rather than in air, using high purity noncarbon containing starting materials is recommended. Exposure of this HTS to the ambient atmosphere should also be avoided at all stages during processing and storage. Devices and components made out of these oxide superconductors would have to be protected with an impermeable coating of a polymer, glass, or metal to avoid deterioration during use.

Growth of (100)-highly textured BaBiO{sub 3} thin films on silicon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreyra, C. [GIyA and INN, CNEA, Av. Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Departamento de Física, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Marchini, F. [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Argentina); Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Granell, P. [INTI, CMNB, Av. Gral Paz 5445, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Golmar, F. [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Argentina); INTI, CMNB, Av. Gral Paz 5445, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Albornoz, C. [GIyA and INN, CNEA, Av. Gral Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires (Argentina); and others

2016-08-01

We report on the growth and characterization of non-epitaxial but (100)-highly textured BaBiO{sub 3} thin films on silicon substrates. We have found the deposition conditions that optimize the texture, and show that the textured growth is favoured by the formation of a BaO layer at the first growth stages. X-ray diffraction Φ-scans, together with the observation that the same textured growth is found on films grown on Pt and SiO{sub 2} buffered Si, demonstrate the absence of epitaxy. Finally, we have shown that our (100)-oriented BaBiO{sub 3} films can be used as suitable buffers for the growth of textured heterostructures on silicon, which could facilitate the integration of potential devices with standard electronics. - Highlights: • BaBiO{sub 3} thin films were grown on Si substrates and characterized. • Films prepared using optimized conditions are highly textured in the (100) direction. • The absence of in-plane texture was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. • Our films are suitable buffers for the growth of (100)-textured oxide heterostructures.

Mercury nonstoichiometry of the Hg1-xBa2CuO4+δ superconductor and the P(Hg)-P(O2)-T phase diagram of the Hg-Ba-Cu-O system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alyoshin, V.A.; Mikhailova, D.A.; Rudnyi, E.B.; Antipov, E.V.

2002-01-01

The P(Hg)-P(O 2 )-T phase diagram of the Hg-Ba-Cu-O system for the Ba:Cu=2:1 ratio was experimentally studied and followed by means of the thermodynamic modeling. It was shown that the Hg 1-x Ba 2 CuO 4+δ (Hg-1201) superconductor possesses a significant range of Hg-nonstoichiometry and exists in a certain P(Hg), P(O 2 ) and T range. Mercury nonstoichiometry of Hg-1201 was investigated in the 923≤T≤1095 K; 2.0≤P(Hg)≤8.4 atm; 0.09≤P(O 2 )≤0.86 atm ranges. It was found that the mercury content varies in the range of 0.80-0.94 under these conditions. The Gibbs energy of the Hg-1201 phase was estimated as a function of temperature and mercury concentration. The obtained results allow optimizing the synthesis conditions of Hg-1201 with a given Hg-content including preparation of the Hg-stoichiometric phase

Systematic Studies on Anharmonicity of Rattling Phonons in Type I Clathrates by Low Temperature Heat Capacity Measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Tanigaki, Katsumi; Wu, Jiazhen; Tanabe, Yoichi; Heguri, Satoshi; Shiimotani, Hidekazu; Tohoku University Collaboration

2014-03-01

Clathrates are featured by cage-like polyhedral hosts mainly composed of the IVth group elements of Si, Ge, or Sn and alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal elements can be accommodated inside as a guest atom. One of the most intriguing issues in clathrates is their outstanding high thermoelectric performances thanks to the low thermal conductivity. Being irrespective of good electric conductivity σ, the guest atom motions provide a low-energy lying less-dispersive phonons and can greatly suppress thermal conductivity κ. This makes clathrates close to the concept of ``phonon glass electron crystal: PGEC'' and useful in thermoelectric materials from the viewpoint of the figure of merit. In the present study, we show that the local phonon anharmonicity indicated by the tunneling-term of the endohedral atoms (αT) and the itinerant-electron term (γeT), both of which show T-linear dependences in specific heat Cp, can successfully be separated by employing single crystals with various carrier concentrations in a wide range of temperture experimennts. The factors affecting on the phonon anharmonicity as well as the strength of electron-phonon interactions will be discussed based on our recent experiments. The research was financially supported by Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant in Aid for Science, and Technology of Japan.

Study of photon interactions and shielding properties of silicate glasses containing Bi2O3, BaO and PbO in the energy region of 1 keV to 100 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chanthima, N.; Kaewkhao, J.; Limsuwan, P.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Interaction photon with of silicate glasses containing PbO, BaO and Bi 2 O 3 studied. ► All interactions were changed with energy and composition of glasses. ► Shielding properties of glasses are better than some standard shielding materials. - Abstract: The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Z eff ), effective electron density (N e,eff ) and half-value layer (HVL) of xR m O n :(1 − x)SiO 2 glass system (where R m O n are Bi 2 O 3 , PbO and BaO, with 0.3 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.7 is fraction by weight) have been calculated by theoretical approach using WinXCom program in the energy region from 1 keV to 100 GeV. Also, the HVL of these glass samples has been compared with some standard shielding concretes. The variations of μ/ρ, Z eff , N e,eff and HVL with energy are shown graphically only for total photon interaction. It has been observed that the value of these parameters has been changed with energy and composition of the silicate glasses. The better shielding properties of glass samples were obtained compared with some standard shielding concretes. These results indicated that glasses in the present study can be used as radiation shielding materials.

Iron pnictide superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tegel, Marcus Christian

2011-03-22

The scope of this dissertation therefore has not only been the synthesis of various new superconducting and non-superconducting iron pnictides of several structural families but also their in-depth crystallographic and physical characterisation. In Chapters 3 - 6, the family of the ZrCuSiAs-type (1111) compounds is subject of discussion. The solid solution series La(Co{sub x}Fe{sub 1-x})PO is analysed regarding magnetic and superconducting properties and the new compounds EuMnPF and REZnPO, as well as the new superconductor parent compound SrFeAsF are presented. Chapters 7 - 9 are dedicated to the new iron arsenide superconductors of the ThCr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}-type (122 family). Therein, also the discovery of the first superconductor in this structural family, Ba{sub 0.6}K{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2}, is unveiled. A detailed examination of the complete solid solution series (Ba{sub 1-x}K{sub x})Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} is presented. Moreover, the crystallographic phase transitions of the closely related compounds SrFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} and EuFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} are characterised and the superconductors Sr{sub 1-x}K{sub x}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} and Ca{sub 1-x}Na{sub x}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} are examined for magnetic and phononic excitations. In Chapter 10, the redetermined crystal structure of the superconductor Fe(Se{sub 1-x}Te{sub x}) (11-type) is presented from a chemist's point of view. Chapters 11 - 14 look into the superconducting and non-superconducting iron arsenides of more complex structural families (32522-type and 21311-type). Therein, crystallographic and magnetic details of Sr{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}O{sub 5}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} are presented and Ba{sub 2}ScO{sub 3}FeAs and Sr{sub 2}CrO{sub 3}FeAs, the first two members of the new 21311-type are portrayed. Sr{sub 2}CrO{sub 3}FeAs is looked at in close detail with various methods, so e.g. the spin structure of the magnetically ordered compound is solved and a possible reason for the absence of superconductivity in this compound is

Iron pnictide superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tegel, Marcus Christian

2011-03-22

The scope of this dissertation therefore has not only been the synthesis of various new superconducting and non-superconducting iron pnictides of several structural families but also their in-depth crystallographic and physical characterisation. In Chapters 3 - 6, the family of the ZrCuSiAs-type (1111) compounds is subject of discussion. The solid solution series La(Co{sub x}Fe{sub 1-x})PO is analysed regarding magnetic and superconducting properties and the new compounds EuMnPF and REZnPO, as well as the new superconductor parent compound SrFeAsF are presented. Chapters 7 - 9 are dedicated to the new iron arsenide superconductors of the ThCr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}-type (122 family). Therein, also the discovery of the first superconductor in this structural family, Ba{sub 0.6}K{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2}, is unveiled. A detailed examination of the complete solid solution series (Ba{sub 1-x}K{sub x})Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} is presented. Moreover, the crystallographic phase transitions of the closely related compounds SrFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} and EuFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} are characterised and the superconductors Sr{sub 1-x}K{sub x}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} and Ca{sub 1-x}Na{sub x}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} are examined for magnetic and phononic excitations. In Chapter 10, the redetermined crystal structure of the superconductor Fe(Se{sub 1-x}Te{sub x}) (11-type) is presented from a chemist's point of view. Chapters 11 - 14 look into the superconducting and non-superconducting iron arsenides of more complex structural families (32522-type and 21311-type). Therein, crystallographic and magnetic details of Sr{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}O{sub 5}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} are presented and Ba{sub 2}ScO{sub 3}FeAs and Sr{sub 2}CrO{sub 3}FeAs, the first two members of the new 21311-type are portrayed. Sr{sub 2}CrO{sub 3}FeAs is looked at in close detail with various methods, so e.g. the spin structure of the magnetically ordered compound is solved and a possible reason for the absence of superconductivity in this compound

Dynamic aperture calculation for 100 GeV Au-Au and 250 GeV pp lattices with near third order resonance working point

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gu, X.; Luo, Y.; Fischer, W.

2010-01-01

In the preparation for the 2011 RHIC 250 GeV polarized proton (pp) run, both experiment and simulation were carried out to investigate the possibility to accelerate the proton beam with a vertical tune near 2/3. It had been found experimentally in Run-9 that accelerating the proton beam with a vertical tune close to 2/3 will greatly benefit the transmission of the proton polarization. In this note, we report the calculated dynamic apertures with the 100 GeV Au run and 250 GeV proton run lattices with vertical tunes close to the third order resonance. We will compare the third order resonance band width between the beam experiment and the simulation with the 100 GeV Au lattices. And we also will compare the calculated resonance band width between the 100 GeV Au and 250 GeV proton run lattices.

Five-fold way to new high Tc superconductors

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Discovery of high c superconductivity in La2−BaCuO4 by Bednorz and Muller in 1986 was a breakthrough in the 75-year long search for new superconductors. Since then new high c superconductors, not involving copper, have also been discovered. Superconductivity in cuprates also inspired resonating valence ...

Alloys of clathrate allotropes for rechargeable batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Candace K; Miller, Michael A; Chan, Kwai S

2014-12-09

The present disclosure is directed at an electrode for a battery wherein the electrode comprises clathrate alloys of silicon, germanium or tin. In method form, the present disclosure is directed at methods of forming clathrate alloys of silicon, germanium or tin which methods lead to the formation of empty cage structures suitable for use as electrodes in rechargeable type batteries.

Development of application technique of bulk high-Tc superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hong, Kye Won; Kim, Chan Joong; Kim, Kee Baek; Kwon, Sun Chil; Won, Dong Yun; Lee, Hoh Jin; Lee, Heui Kyoon; Jang, Kun Ik; Yang, Suk Woo

1995-03-01

YBCO-Ag composite superconductors were prepared by extrusion using inorganic binder materials. In the case of the undoped 1-2-3 sample with a dia. of 2.5 mm, critical current density (Jc) was 150 A/cm 2 and current density (Ic) was 10 amps. In the case of the sample with a die. of 4.5 mm, meanwhile, Jc and Ic were 50 A/cm 2 and 32 amps, respectively. Influence of BaCeO 3 addition on magnetization characteristics of melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor was investigated. The variation of magnetization behavior due to the addition of BaCeO 3 is discussed on the basis of the related microstructures. 37 figs, 1 tab, 56 refs. (Author)

Hybrid crystals of cuprates and iron-based superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Xia, Dai; Cong-Cong, Le; Xian-Xin, Wu; Jiang-Ping, Hu

2016-07-01

We propose two possible new compounds, Ba2CuO2Fe2As2 and K2CuO2Fe2Se2, which hybridize the building blocks of two high temperature superconductors, cuprates and iron-based superconductors. These compounds consist of square CuO2 layers and antifluorite-type Fe2 X 2 (X = As, Se) layers separated by Ba/K. The calculations of binding energies and phonon spectra indicate that they are dynamically stable, which ensures that they may be experimentally synthesized. The Fermi surfaces and electronic structures of the two compounds inherit the characteristics of both cuprates and iron-based superconductors. These compounds can be superconductors with intriguing physical properties to help to determine the pairing mechanisms of high T c superconductivity. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB921300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 1190020 and 11334012), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07000000).

Determining superconducting parameters from analysis of magnetization fluctuation for CaLaBaCu3O7-δ superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parra Vargas, C.A.; Landinez Tellez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J.

2007-01-01

In this work, we report analysis of magnetization fluctuations for the CaLaBaCu 3 O 7- δ superconducting system. We describe a procedure for extracting the penetration depth λ(T) and the coherence length ξ parameters from the magnetization, as a function of the applied magnetic field. This procedure takes the vortex fluctuation into account. The data of the magnetization excess ΔM(T) are analyzed for different values of temperature in the interval from 65 to 73 K. For several magnetic fields we observed a crossover in the magnetization curves at the characteristic temperature value T *=72.2 K. We calculated the data of magnetization excess from the curves of magnetization as a function of the logarithm of the applied field. This procedure was performed for polycrystalline samples of CaLaBaCu 3 O 7- δ by using the proposition of Bulaevskii, Ledvij and Kogan. We notice that the values for these superconducting parameters are in agreement with reports for high-temperature superconductors

A.c. susceptibility measurements in the presence of d.c. magnetic fields for Nd-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watahiki, M.; Murakami, M.; Yoo, S.I.

1997-01-01

We report the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the complex a.c. susceptibility with bias d.c. magnetic fields for melt-processed Nd-Ba-Cu-O superconductor. The onset temperature (T onset ) of the real part of a.c. susceptibility shifted to a lower temperature with increasing d.c. magnetic field. The superconducting transition temperature (T c ) determined by d.c. magnetization measurements did not shift appreciably to a lower-temperature region with increasing d.c. magnetic field. The distinction between T onset and T c indicates that the a.c. susceptibility measurements detect the energy dissipation generated by the motion of flux lines. We have also measured flux profiles and found that there was no appreciable change in flux penetration below and above the peak field, which suggests that the peak effect in Nd-Ba-Cu-O is not due to the phase transition in the flux line lattice. (author)

CO_2 capture from flue gas using clathrate formation in the presence of thermodynamic promoters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Soyoung; Choi, Sung-Deuk; Seo, Yongwon

2017-01-01

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a water-soluble sII clathrate former, cyclopentane (CP) as a water-insoluble sII clathrate former, and tetra n-butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) as a water-soluble semiclathrate former were used to investigate their thermodynamic promotion effects on clathrate-based CO_2 capture from simulated flue gas. The phase equilibria of CO_2 (20%) + N_2 (80%) + promoter clathrates at different promoter concentrations revealed that the presence of THF, CP, and TBAC could significantly reduce the clathrate formation pressure. THF solutions provided the highest gas uptake and steepest CO_2 concentration changes in the vapor phase, whereas TBAC solutions showed the highest CO_2 selectivity (∼61%) in the clathrate phase. CP solutions exhibited a slower formation rate, but their final gas uptake and CO_2 selectivity in the clathrate phase were comparable to the THF solutions. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the enclathration of both CO_2 and N_2 in the clathrate cages and a structural transition due to the inclusion of promoters in the clathrate phase. The overall experimental results indicate that TBAC is a viable thermodynamic promoter for clathrate-based CO_2 capture from simulated flue gas, considering the lower pressure requirement for clathrate formation, higher CO_2 enrichment in the clathrate phase, non-toxicity, and non-volatility. - Highlights: • Clathrate-based CO_2 capture was investigated in the presence of thermodynamic promoters. • THF, CP, and TBAC demonstrated a significant thermodynamic promotion for CO_2 (20%) + N_2 (80%) clathrates. • The highest gas uptake was observed for the THF (5.6 mol%) solution. • TBAC solutions showed the highest CO_2 selectivity in the clathrate phase (∼61%). • Raman spectroscopy confirmed the guest gas enclathration and clathrate structure.

Pulsed laser deposition of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ianno, N.J.; Liou, S.H.; Woollam, J.A.; Thompson, D.; Johs, B.

1990-01-01

Pulsed laser deposition is a technique commonly used to deposit high quality thin films of high temperature superconductors. This paper discusses the results obtained when this technique is applied to the deposition of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O thin films using a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm and an excimer laser operating at 248 nm. Films with onset temperatures of 125 K and zero resistance temperatures of 110 K deposited on (100) oriented MgO from a composite Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3Ox target were obtained at both wavelengths upon appropriate post deposition annealing. Films deposited at 532 nm exhibit a rough surface, while those deposited at 248 nm are smooth and homogeneous. Upon annealing, films deposited at both wavelengths are single phase Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3Ox. 12 refs

Thin film hybrid Josephson junctions with Co doped Ba-122

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Stefan; Doering, Sebastian; Schmidl, Frank; Tympel, Volker; Grosse, Veit; Seidel, Paul [Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena (Germany); Haindl, Silvia; Iida, Kazumasa; Kurth, Fritz; Holzapfel, Bernhard [IFW Dresden, Institut fuer Metallische Werkstoffe, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden (Germany); Moench, Ingolf [IFW Dresden, Institut fuer Integrative Nanowissenschaften, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden (Germany)

2011-07-01

Josephson junctions are a strong tool to investigate fundamental superconducting properties, such as gap behaviour, dependencies from external fields and the order parameter symmetry. Finding secure values enables the possibility of theoretical descriptions to understand the physical processes within the new iron-based superconductors. Based on Co-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} (Ba-122) layers produced via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O{sub 3} substrates, we manufactured superconductor-normal conductor-superconductor (S-N-S) junctions structures by using photolithography, ion beam etching as well as insulating SiO{sub 2} layers. We present working Ba-122/Au/PbIn thin film Josephson junctions with different contact areas and barrier thicknesses, their temperature dependence and response to microwave irradiation. The calculated I{sub c}R{sub N} product is in the range of a couple of microvolts.

PREFACE: Celebrating 100 years of superconductivity: special issue on the iron-based superconductors Celebrating 100 years of superconductivity: special issue on the iron-based superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Crabtree, George; Greene, Laura; Johnson, Peter

2011-12-01

In honor of this year's 100th anniversary of the discovery of superconductivity, this special issue of Reports on Progress in Physics is a dedicated issue to the 'iron-based superconductors'—a new class of high-temperature superconductors that were discovered in 2008. This is the first time the journal has generated a 'theme issue', and we provide this to the community to provide a 'snapshot' of the present status, both for researchers working in this fast-paced field, and for the general physics community. Reports on Progress in Physics publishes three classes of articles—comprehensive full Review Articles, Key Issues Reviews and, most recently, Reports on Progress articles that recount the current status of a rapidly evolving field, befitting of the articles in this special issue. It has been an exciting year for superconductivity—there have been numerous celebrations for this centenary recounting the fascinating history of this field, from seven Nobel prizes to life-saving discoveries that brought us medically useful magnetic resonance imaging. The discovery of a completely new class of high-temperature superconductors, whose mechanism remains as elusive as the cuprates discovered in 1986, has injected a new vitality into this field, and this year those new to the field were provided with the opportunity of interacting with those who have enjoyed a long history in superconductivity. Furthermore, as high-density current carriers with little or no power loss, high-temperature superconductors offer unique solutions to fundamental grid challenges of the 21st century and hold great promise in addressing our global energy challenges. The complexity and promise of these materials has caused our community to more freely share our ideas and results than ever before, and it is gratifying to see how we have grown into an enthusiastic global network to advance the field. This invited collection is true to this agenda and we are delighted to have received contributions

Process of preparing superconductive oxide complexes containing L, Ba, Cu and O and method of using the same

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salama, K.; Selvamanickam, V.

1995-01-01

A superconductor material having a current density, J, of from about 30,000 to about 85,000 amps/cm 2 at zero magnetic field and 77 K is disclosed. The 123 superconductor, of the formula L 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ wherein L is preferably yttrium, is capable of entrapping sufficiently high magnetic fields and exhibits a low microwave surface resistance. The process of preparing the superconductor comprises compacting the bulk product, L 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O, and then sintering the reaction product at a temperature between about 40 C to about 90 C below its melting point, i.e., for Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ at a temperature of approximately 940 C. The composition is then heated in a preheated chamber maintained at approximately 1090 C to about 1,200 C (approximately 1,100 C for Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ ) until it has been decomposed, and is then rapidly cooled to a temperature between about 10 C to about 30 C above its melting point, i.e. for Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ a temperature of 1,030 C, and then is controlled cooled at a rate of 1 C/hr until it reaches a temperature of about 20 C to about 40 C below its melting point, i.e., for Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ a temperature of 980 C. The composition is steadily held at this temperature for at least eight hours, and then cooled to a temperature of approximately 400 C below its melting point (for Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ approximately a temperature of 600 C). The material is then slowly cooled by another 200 C and is then annealed in oxygen. 5 figs

Superconducting transition temperature in the Y(1-x)M(x)Ba2Cu3O(y) system

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Takeyuki; Yamazaki, Tsutomu; Sekine, Ryuuta; Koukitsu, Akinori; Seki, Hisashi

1989-04-01

Experimental results are presented for the inclusion of compositional additives, M, to the sintered high-temperature superconductor Y(1-x)M(x)Ba2Cu3O(y); M can be the oxides of Mg, Ce, Gd, Yb, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, and Te, as well as Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, and La carbonates. Temperature dependence of the electrical resistance was measured down to about 80 K. Attention is given to the influence of ionic radius and the valence of the M species.

Materials process and applications of single grain (RE)-Ba-Cu-O bulk high-temperature superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Beizhan; Zhou Difan; Xu Kun; Hara, Shogo; Tsuzuki, Keita; Miki, Motohiro; Felder, Brice; Deng Zigang [Laboratory of Applied Physics, Department of Marine Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), 2-1-6, Etchu-jima, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8533 (Japan); Izumi, Mitsuru, E-mail: izumi@kaiyodai.ac.jp [Laboratory of Applied Physics, Department of Marine Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), 2-1-6, Etchu-jima, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8533 (Japan)

2012-11-20

This paper reviews recent advances in the melt process of (RE)-Ba-Cu-O [(RE)BCO, where RE represents a rare earth element] single grain high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), bulks and its applications. The efforts on the improvement of the magnetic flux pinning with employing the top-seeded melt-growth process technique and using a seeded infiltration and growth process are discussed. Which including various chemical doping strategies and controlled pushing effect based on the peritectic reaction of (RE)BCO. The typical experiment results, such as the largest single domain bulk, the clear TEM observations and the significant critical current density, are summarized together with the magnetization techniques. Finally, we highlight the recent prominent progress of HTS bulk applications, including Maglev, flywheel, power device, magnetic drug delivery system and magnetic resonance devices.

Materials process and applications of single grain (RE)-Ba-Cu-O bulk high-temperature superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Beizhan; Zhou, Difan; Xu, Kun; Hara, Shogo; Tsuzuki, Keita; Miki, Motohiro; Felder, Brice; Deng, Zigang; Izumi, Mitsuru

2012-11-01

This paper reviews recent advances in the melt process of (RE)-Ba-Cu-O [(RE)BCO, where RE represents a rare earth element] single grain high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), bulks and its applications. The efforts on the improvement of the magnetic flux pinning with employing the top-seeded melt-growth process technique and using a seeded infiltration and growth process are discussed. Which including various chemical doping strategies and controlled pushing effect based on the peritectic reaction of (RE)BCO. The typical experiment results, such as the largest single domain bulk, the clear TEM observations and the significant critical current density, are summarized together with the magnetization techniques. Finally, we highlight the recent prominent progress of HTS bulk applications, including Maglev, flywheel, power device, magnetic drug delivery system and magnetic resonance devices.

Tl Cuprate Superconductors Studied by XPS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasquez, R. P. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 (United States); Siegal, M. P. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1421 (United States); Overmyer, D. L. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1421 (United States); Ren, Z. F. [Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000 (United States); Lao, J. Y. [Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000 (United States); Wang, J. H. [Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000 (United States)

1999-07-01

XPS measurements on epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8, Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, and Tl0.78Bi0.22Ba0.4Sr1.6Ca2Cu3O9-{delta} are presented. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab on Tl2Ba2CuO6-{delta} and TlBa2CaCu2O7-{delta}, comprise a comprehensive data set for comparison of Tl cuprates in which the number of Tl-O and Cu-O layers, and hence the chemical and electronic properties, vary. (c) 2000 American Vacuum Society.

Tl Cuprate Superconductors Studied by XPS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasquez, R. P.; Siegal, M. P.; Overmyer, D. L.; Ren, Z. F.; Lao, J. Y.; Wang, J. H.

1999-01-01

XPS measurements on epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8, Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, and Tl0.78Bi0.22Ba0.4Sr1.6Ca2Cu3O9-δ are presented. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab on Tl2Ba2CuO6-δ and TlBa2CaCu2O7-δ, comprise a comprehensive data set for comparison of Tl cuprates in which the number of Tl-O and Cu-O layers, and hence the chemical and electronic properties, vary. (c) 2000 American Vacuum Society

Structural evolution of Ba8Ti3Nb4O24 from BaTiO3 using a series of Ba(Ti1−5xNb4x)O3 solid solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrientos Hernández, F.R.; Lira Hernández, I.A.; Gómez Yáñez, C.; Arenas Flores, A.; Cabrera Sierra, R.; Pérez Labra, M.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The evolution phase Ba 8 Ti 3 Nb 4 O 24 was obtained through the mechanism Ba(Ti 1-5x Nb 4x )O 3 . • Addition of niobium can accelerate grain growth of BaTiO 3 ceramics. • Ba 8 Ti 3 Nb 4 O 24 presents a dielectric loss of 0.0035 and permittivity value of 54.6. • Electrical measurements showed that Nb 5+ content drops Curie temperature. • Samples with x ⩾ 0.0625 shows an insulating behavior. -- Abstract: In this work, the structural evolution of hexagonal phase Ba 8 Ti 3 Nb 4 O 24 by adding Nb 2 O 5 to perovskite structure of BaTiO 3 was investigated. The compositions Ba(Ti 1-5x Nb 4x )O 3 ceramics, with 0.00025 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.125 were prepared by the conventional solid state route in air atmosphere, the powders precursors, BaTiO 3 , BaCO 3 and Nb 2 O 5 , were mixed in stoichiometric proportions and ground in a ball mill using alumina balls and acetone. The mixed powders were calcined at temperatures up to 1500 °C. The phase transformation of Ba 8 Ti 3 Nb 4 O 24 from BaTiO 3 was studied by DRX, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, electrical measurements (relative permittivity and P–E hysteresis loops); Rietveld’s refinement was used to structurally characterize the samples. For the devices obtained capacitance was measured at 1 kHz; with these values we calculated the relative permittivity. The samples show typical P–E hysteresis loops at room temperature accompanied by saturation polarization (Ps) and remnant polarization (Pr). The DRX and Rietveld’s refinement results show x ⩽ 0.01 has a ferroelectric behavior. When the doped level is increased x ⩾ 0.02, a peak displacement is observed, this is due to the phase transformation of tetragonal to cubic into the unit cell. Finally, with x = 0.125 the crystal structure transforms to the characteristic hexagonal phase Ba 8 Ti 3 Nb 4 O 24 which resonates at microwave frequencies

Structure of Ge(100) surfaces for high-efficiency photovoltaic applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olson, J.M.; McMahon, W.E. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)

1998-09-01

While much is known about the Ge(100) surface in a UHV/MBE environment, little has been published about this surface in an MOCVD environment. The main objective of this study is to determine the structure of the surface of Ge substrates in the typical MOCVD reactor immediately prior to and following the heteronucleation of GaAs and other lattice-matched III-V alloys, and to determine the conditions necessary for the growth of device-quality epilayers. In this paper the authors present the first STM images of the MOCVD-prepared Ge surfaces. Although many of the observed features are very similar to UHV- or MBE-prepared surfaces, there are distinct and important differences. For example, while the As-terminated surfaces for MBE-Ge and MOCVD-Ge are virtually identical, the AsH{sub 3}-treated surfaces in an MOCVD reactor are quite different. The terrace reconstruction is rotated by {pi}/2, and significant step bunching or faceting is also observed. Time-dependent RD kinetic studies also reveal, for the first time, several interesting features: the transition rate from an As-terminated (1 x 2) terrace reconstruction to a stable AsH{sub 3}-annealed surface is a function of the substrate temperature, substrate miscut from (100) and AsH{sub 3} partial pressure, and, for typical prenucleation conditions, is relatively slow. These results explain many of the empirically derived nucleation conditions that have been devised by numerous groups.

Positron annihilation studies on high temperature superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sundar, C.S.; Bharathi, A.

1991-01-01

The results of positron annihilation measurements as a function of temperature, across Tc, in a variety of high temperature superconductors such as Y-Ba-Cu-O (Y1237), Y-Ba-Cu-O (Y1248), Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O, Ba-K-Bi-O and Nd-Ce-Cu-O are presented. It is shown that the variation of annihilation parameters in the superconducting state is correlated with the diposition of the positron density distribution with respect to the superconducting CuO planes. An increase in positron lifetime is observed below Tc when the positrons probe the CuO planes whereas a decrease in lifetime is observed when the positron density overlaps predominantly with the apical oxygen atom. With this correlation, the different temperature variation of annihilation parameters, seen in the various high temperature superconductors, is understood in terms of a local charge transfer from the planar oxygen atom to the apical oxygen atom. The significance of these results in the context of various theoretical models of high temperature superconductivity is discussed. In addition, the application of positron annihilation spectroscopy to the study of oxygen defects in the Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Nd-Ce-Cu-O is presented. (author). 53 refs., 17 figs., 2 tabs

Development of superconductor bulk for superconductor bearing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Chan Joong; Jun, Byung Hyuk; Park, Soon Dong (and others)

2008-08-15

Current carrying capacity is one of the most important issues in the consideration of superconductor bulk materials for engineering applications. There are numerous applications of Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) bulk superconductors e.g. magnetic levitation train, flywheel energy storage system, levitation transportation, lunar telescope, centrifugal device, magnetic shielding materials, bulk magnets etc. Accordingly, to obtain YBCO materials in the form of large, single crystals without weak-link problem is necessary. A top seeded melt growth (TSMG) process was used to fabricate single crystal YBCO bulk superconductors. The seeded and infiltration growth (IG) technique was also very promising method for the synthesis of large, single-grain YBCO bulk superconductors with good superconducting properties. 5 wt.% Ag doped Y211 green compacts were sintered at 900 .deg. C {approx} 1200 .deg.C and then a single crystal YBCO was fabricated by an infiltration method. A refinement and uniform distribution of the Y211 particles in the Y123 matrix were achieved by sintering the Ag-doped samples. This enhancement of the critical current density was ascribable to a fine dispersion of the Y211 particles, a low porosity and the presence of Ag particles. In addition, we have designed and manufactured large YBCO single domain with levitation force of 10-13 kg/cm{sup 2} using TSMG processing technique.

Flux pinning property in a single crystal NdBa2Cu3Oy superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasan, M.N.; Kurokawa, T.; Kiuchi, M.; Otabe, E.S.; Matsushita, T.; Chikumoto, N.; Machi, T.; Muralidhar, M.; Murakami, M.

2005-01-01

The critical current density J c and the apparent pinning potential U 0 * in a single crystal NdBa 2 Cu 3 O y superconductor which shows a broad peak effect are investigated by measuring a DC magnetization and its relaxation. The field-induced pinning mechanism does not explain the temperature dependence of peak field B p and dip field B d . The experimental results of J c and U 0 * are compared with the theoretical analysis based on the flux creep-flow model, taking the distribution of the flux pinning strength into account. The number of flux lines in the flux bundle (g 2 ), the most probable value of pinning strength (A m ) and distribution width (σ 2 ) are determined so that a good fit is obtained between the experimental and theoretical results. The behavior of these parameters is discussed in correspondence to the disorder transition of flux lines

Interior seeding for the fabrication of single-grain REBCO bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, C-J; Park, S-D; Jun, B-H; Park, H-W

2016-01-01

This study presents a new seeding technique, named ‘interior seeding’ which allows the growth of a single REBCO (RE: rare-earth elements) grain in the interior of REBCO compacts. The key techniques of interior seeding are to provide appropriate open space for seeds in the interior of REBCO powder compacts to supply air or oxygen to the seeds, and to minimize the contact area between the seeds and liquid. The advantages of interior seeding are as follows: (1) simultaneous growth from the seed to the top and bottom of the REBCO compacts is possible, (2) fractions of the a-b growth sector and the a-c growth sector on the top surface can be controlled and (3) the top surfaces of the single-grain REBCO bulk superconductors are free from samarium or neodymium contamination from the used seeds. The very large single-grain Y 1.5 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−y (Y1.5) bulk superconductors (42 mm) were successfully fabricated using a melt growth (MG) process combined with interior seeding. Also, large-grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors (41 mm) with 〈110〉/〈110〉 and 〈100〉/〈100〉 grain junctions were fabricated using multiple interior seeding. In this paper, the detailed process of interior seeding, the development of top surface patterns and the properties of single-grain Y123 bulk superconductors fabricated using interior seeding were reported. (paper)

Positron lifetime studies of 100-MeV oxygen irradiated Pb-doped Bi-2223 superconductors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Banerjee, T.; Viswanath, R.N.; Kanjilal, D.; Kumar, R.; Ramasamy, S.

2000-01-01

Positron lifetime studies have been carried out for unirradiated and 100-MeV oxygen ion irradiated Pb-doped Bi-2223 superconductors. The analysis of positron lifetime spectra revealed three lifetime components: a short lifetime, τ1 = 153–196 ps; an intermediate lifetime, τ2 = 269–339 ps; and a long

Raman spectroscopic studies of hydrogen clathrate hydrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Strobel, Timothy A; Sloan, E Dendy; Koh, Carolyn A

2009-01-07

Raman spectroscopic measurements of simple hydrogen and tetrahydrofuran+hydrogen sII clathrate hydrates have been performed. Both the roton and vibron bands illuminate interesting quantum dynamics of enclathrated H(2) molecules. The complex vibron region of the Raman spectrum has been interpreted by observing the change in population of these bands with temperature, measuring the absolute H(2) content as a function of pressure, and with D(2) isotopic substitution. Quadruple occupancy of the large sII clathrate cavity shows the highest H(2) vibrational frequency, followed by triple and double occupancies. Singly occupied small cavities display the lowest vibrational frequency. The vibrational frequencies of H(2) within all cavity environments are redshifted from the free gas phase value. At 76 K, the progression from ortho- to para-H(2) occurs over a relatively slow time period (days). The rotational degeneracy of H(2) molecules within the clathrate cavities is lifted, observed directly in splitting of the para-H(2) roton band. Raman spectra from H(2) and D(2) hydrates suggest that the occupancy patterns between the two hydrates are analogous, increasing confidence that D(2) is a suitable substitute for H(2). The measurements suggest that Raman is an effective and convenient method to determine the relative occupancy of hydrogen molecules in different clathrate cavities.

Chemical interaction between Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} and CeO{sub 2} at pO{sub 2}=100 Pa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wong-Ng, W.; Yang, Z.; Cook, L.P.; Huang, Q.; Frank, J. [Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Kaduk, J.A. [BP-Amoco Research, Naperville, IL (United States)

2005-07-01

Chemical interaction between the Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} superconductor and the CeO{sub 2} buffer layers employed in coated conductor architectures has been modeled experimentally by investigating phase equilibria on the Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}-CeO{sub 2} join at pO{sub 2}=100 Pa. This join is actually a non-binary join within the BaOY{sub 2}O{sub 3}CeO{sub 2}CuO{sub x} quaternary system. At an approximate mole ratio of Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}:CeO{sub 2} = 40:60, a phase boundary was found to separate two four-phase regions. At the Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}-rich side of the join, the four-phase region consists of Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}, Ba(Ce{sub 1-z}Y{sub z})O{sub 3-x}, BaY{sub 2}CuO{sub 5}, and Cu{sub 2}O; at the CeO{sub 2} rich side, the four phases were determined to be Ba(Ce{sub 1-z}Y{sub z})O{sub 3-x}, BaY{sub 2}CuO{sub 5}, Cu{sub 2}O and CeO{sub 2}. At 810 C and pO{sub 2}=100 Pa, there appears to be negligible solid solution formation of the types Y{sub 1-z}Ce{sub z}O{sub 3-x} and Ce{sub 1-z}Y{sub z}O{sub 2-x}. The minimum melting temperature along the Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}-CeO{sub 2} join was determined to be {approx} 860 C. As part of this study, phase diagrams of the subsystems CeO{sub 2}-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-CuO{sub x}, BaO-CeO{sub 2}-CuO{sub x}, and BaO-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-CeO{sub 2} were also determined at 810 C under 100 Pa pO{sub 2}. The Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-CeO{sub 2}-CuO{sub x} diagram does not contain ternary phases and shows a tie-line from Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} to the binary phase Y{sub 2}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 5-x}. Similarly, the BaO-CeO{sub 2}-CuO{sub x} diagram contains no ternary phases, but has four tie-lines originating from BaCeO{sub 3} to Ba{sub 2}CuO{sub 3+x}, BaCuO{sub 2+x}, BaCu{sub 2}O{sub 2+x} and CuO{sub x}. The BaO-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-CeO{sub 2} system contains one ternary phase, the solid solution Ba(Ce{sub 1-z}Y{sub z})O{sub 3-x} (0{<=}z{<=}0.13), which crystallizes with the orthorhombic space group Pmcn (No. 62

Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 on H-Passivated GeSi: Initial Surface Reaction Pathways with H/GeSi(100)-2 × 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu, Shi; Qing-Qing, Sun; Lin, Dong; Han, Liu; Shi-Jin, Ding; Wei, Zhang

2009-01-01

The reaction mechanisms of Al(CH 3 ) 3 (TMA) adsorption on H-passivated GeSi(100)-2 × 1 surface are investigated with density functional theory. The Si–Ge and Ge–Ge one-dimer cluster models are employed to represent the GeSi(100)-2 × 1 surface with different Ge compositions. For a Si-Ge dimer of a H-passivated SiGe surface, TMA adsorption on both Si–H * and Ge–H * sites is considered. The activation barrier of TMA with the Si–H * site (1.2eV) is higher than that of TMA with the Ge-H * site (0.91 eV), which indicates that the reaction proceeds more slowly on the Si-H * site than on the Ge-H * site. In addition, adsorption of TMA is more energetically favorable on the Ge–Ge dimer than on the Si–Ge dimer of H-passivated SiGe. (atomic and molecular physics)

Fracture toughness for copper oxide superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Goretta, Kenneth C.; Kullberg, Marc L.

1993-01-01

An oxide-based strengthening and toughening agent, such as tetragonal Zro.sub.2 particles, has been added to copper oxide superconductors, such as superconducting YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x (123) to improve its fracture toughness (K.sub.IC). A sol-gel coating which is non-reactive with the superconductor, such as Y.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.5 (211) on the ZrO.sub.2 particles minimized the deleterious reactions between the superconductor and the toughening agent dispersed therethrough. Addition of 20 mole percent ZrO.sub.2 coated with 211 yielded a 123 composite with a K.sub.IC of 4.5 MPa(m).sup.0.5.

Fracture toughness for copper oxide superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Goretta, K.C.; Kullberg, M.L.

1993-04-13

An oxide-based strengthening and toughening agent, such as tetragonal ZrO[sub 2] particles, has been added to copper oxide superconductors, such as superconducting YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub x] (123) to improve its fracture toughness (K[sub IC]). A sol-gel coating which is non-reactive with the superconductor, such as Y[sub 2]BaCuO[sub 5] (211) on the ZrO[sub 2] particles minimized the deleterious reactions between the superconductor and the toughening agent dispersed therethrough. Addition of 20 mole percent ZrO[sub 2] coated with 211 yielded a 123 composite with a K[sub IC] of 4.5 MPa(m)[sup 0.5].

Micro-Tomographic Investigation of Ice and Clathrate Formation and Decomposition under Thermodynamic Monitoring

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Arzbacher

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Clathrate hydrates are inclusion compounds in which guest molecules are trapped in a host lattice formed by water molecules. They are considered an interesting option for future energy supply and storage technologies. In the current paper, time lapse 3D micro computed tomographic (µCT imaging with ice and tetrahydrofuran (THF clathrate hydrate particles is carried out in conjunction with an accurate temperature control and pressure monitoring. µCT imaging reveals similar behavior of the ice and the THF clathrate hydrate at low temperatures while at higher temperatures (3 K below the melting point, significant differences can be observed. Strong indications for micropores are found in the ice as well as the THF clathrate hydrate. They are stable in the ice while unstable in the clathrate hydrate at temperatures slightly below the melting point. Significant transformations in surface and bulk structure can be observed within the full temperature range investigated in both the ice and the THF clathrate hydrate. Additionally, our results point towards an uptake of molecular nitrogen in the THF clathrate hydrate at ambient pressures and temperatures from 230 K to 271 K.

EDITORIAL: Focus on Iron-Based Superconductors FOCUS ON IRON-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS

Science.gov (United States)

Hosono, Hideo; Ren, Zhi-An

2009-02-01

Superconductivity is the most dramatic and clear cut phenomenon in condensed matter physics. Realization of room temperature superconductors, which would lead to the revolution of our society, is an ultimate goal for researchers. The discovery of high Tc cuprate superconductors in 1986 by Bednorz and Müller triggered intensive research worldwide and the maximum critical temperature has been raised above 100 K. Scientific research on this break-through material clarified a new route to high Tc materials, carrier doping to a Mott insulator with anti-ferromagnetic ordering. High superconductivity occurs in the neighborhood of Mott-insulators and Fermi-metals. Such a view, which was completely new, now stands as a guiding principle for exploring new high Tc materials. Many theoretical approaches to the mechanism for cuprate superconductors have been carried out to understand this unexpected material and to predict new high Tc materials. In 2006 a new superconductor based on iron, LaFeOP, was discovered by a group at Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. Iron, as a ferromagnet, was believed to be the last element for the realization of superconductivity because of the way ferromagnetism competes against Cooper pair formation. Unexpectedly, however, the critical temperature remained at 4-6 K irrespective of hole/electron-doping. A large increase in the Tc to 26 K was then found in LaFe[O1-xFx]As by the same group (and was published on 23 February 2008, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society). The Tc of this material was further raised to 43 K under a pressure of 2 GPa and scientists in China then achieved a Tc of 56 K at ambient pressure by replacing La with other rare earth ions with smaller radius—a critical temperature that is second only to the high Tc cuprates. This fast progress has revitalized research within superconductivity and in 2008 there were more than seven international symposia specifically on Fe(Ni)-based superconductors. Through the rapid

High-Tc superconductors under very high pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wijngaarden, R.J.; Scholtz, J.J.; Eenige, E.N. van; Griessen, R.

1991-01-01

High pressure has played a crucial role in the short history of high T c superconductors. Soon after the discovery of superconductivity by Bednorz and Muller in La-Ba-Cu-O, Chu et al. showed that the critical temperature T c could be significantly increased by pressure. This observation led to the discovery of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 by Wu et al. with a T c above 90 K. Incidentally, this high T c is probably also due to the fact that YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 has two CuO 2 layers per unit cell instead of a single one in La-Ba-Cu-O. The authors discuss the high pressure dependence of the oxide superconductors, particularly at pressures above 10 GPa, and the nonmonotonic dependence of transition temperature on pressure

Antiproton-proton and proton-proton elastic scattering at 100 and 200 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaplan, D.H.; Karchin, P.; Orear, J.; Kalbach, R.M.; Krueger, K.W.; Pifer, A.E.; Baker, W.F.; Eartly, D.P.; Klinger, J.S.; Lennox, A.J.; Rubinstein, R.; McHugh, S.F.

1982-01-01

Antiproton-proton elastic scattering has been measured at 100 GeV/c for 0.5 2 and at 200 GeV/c for 0.9 2 . The data show that the -tapprox. =1.4 (GeV/c) 2 dip recently observed at 50 GeV/c persists to higher incident momenta. Proton-proton measurements made at the same beam momenta show similar structure

Hadron-proton elastic scattering at 50, 100, and 200 GeV/c momentum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akerlof, C.W.; Kotthaus, R.; Loveless, R.L.; Meyer, D.I.; Ambats, I.; Meyer, W.T.; Ward, C.E.W.; Eartly, D.P.; Lundy, R.A.; Pruss, S.M.; Yovanovitch, D.D.; Rust, D.R.

1976-01-01

Elastic scattering of hadrons on protons has been measured at momenta of 50, 100, and 200 GeV/c. The meson-proton scattering is found to be independent of momentum and meson type for -t > 0.8 (GeV/c) 2 . The momentum dependence of the pp dip at -t = 1.4 (GeV/c) 2 was investigated. Slope parameters are given

High critical currents in heavily doped (Gd,Y)Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} superconductor tapes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selvamanickam, V., E-mail: selva@uh.edu; Gharahcheshmeh, M. Heydari; Xu, A.; Galstyan, E.; Delgado, L. [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204-4006 (United States); Cantoni, C. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381 (United States)

2015-01-19

REBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} ((REBCO), RE = rare earth) superconductor tapes with moderate levels of dopants have been optimized for high critical current density in low magnetic fields at 77 K, but they do not exhibit exemplary performance in conditions of interest for practical applications, i.e., temperatures less than 50 K and fields of 2–30 T. Heavy doping of REBCO tapes has been avoided by researchers thus far due to deterioration in properties. Here, we report achievement of critical current densities (J{sub c}) above 20 MA/cm{sup 2} at 30 K, 3 T in heavily doped (25 mol. % Zr-added) (Gd,Y)Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} superconductor tapes, which is more than three times higher than the J{sub c} typically obtained in moderately doped tapes. Pinning force levels above 1000 GN/m{sup 3} have also been attained at 20 K. A composition map of lift factor in J{sub c} (ratio of J{sub c} at 30 K, 3 T to the J{sub c} at 77 K, 0 T) has been developed which reveals the optimum film composition to obtain lift factors above six, which is thrice the typical value. A highly c-axis aligned BaZrO{sub 3} (BZO) nanocolumn defect density of nearly 7 × 10{sup 11 }cm{sup −2} as well as 2–3 nm sized particles rich in Cu and Zr have been found in the high J{sub c} films.

A 100 GeV SLAC Linac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farkas, Zoltan D

2002-01-01

The SLAC beam energy can be increased from the current 50 GeV to 100 GeV, if we change the operating frequency from the present 2856 MHz to 11424 MHz, using technology developed for the NLC. We replace the power distribution system with a proposed NLC distribution system as shown in Fig. 1. The four 3 meter s-band 820 nS fill time accelerator sections are replaced by six 2 meter x-band 120 nS fill time sections. Thus the accelerator length per klystron retains the same length, 12 meters. The 4050 65MW-3.5(micro)S klystrons are replaced by 75MW-1.5(micro)S permanent magnet klystrons developed here and in Japan. The present input to the klystrons would be multiplied by a factor of 4 and possibly amplified. The SLED [1] cavities have to be replaced. The increase in beam voltage is due to the higher elastance to group velocity ratio, higher compression ratio and higher unloaded to external Q ratio of the new SLED cavities. The average power input is reduced because of the narrower klystron pulse width and because the klystron electro-magnets are replaced by permanent magnets

Volatile inventories in clathrate hydrates formed in the primordial nebula.

Science.gov (United States)

Mousis, Olivier; Lunine, Jonathan I; Picaud, Sylvain; Cordier, Daniel

2010-01-01

The examination of ambient thermodynamic conditions suggests that clathrate hydrates could exist in the Martian permafrost, on the surface and in the interior of Titan, as well as in other icy satellites. Clathrate hydrates are probably formed in a significant fraction of planetesimals in the solar system. Thus, these crystalline solids may have been accreted in comets, in the forming giant planets and in their surrounding satellite systems. In this work, we use a statistical thermodynamic model to investigate the composition of clathrate hydrates that may have formed in the primordial nebula. In our approach, we consider the formation sequence of the different ices occurring during the cooling of the nebula, a reasonable idealization of the process by which volatiles are trapped in planetesimals. We then determine the fractional occupancies of guests in each clathrate hydrate formed at a given temperature. The major ingredient of our model is the description of the guest-clathrate hydrate interaction by a spherically averaged Kihara potential with a nominal set of parameters, most of which are fitted to experimental equilibrium data. Our model allows us to find that Kr, Ar and N2 can be efficiently encaged in clathrate hydrates formed at temperatures higher than approximately 48.5 K in the primitive nebula, instead of forming pure condensates below 30 K. However, we find at the same time that the determination of the relative abundances of guest species incorporated in these clathrate hydrates strongly depends on the choice of the parameters of the Kihara potential and also on the adopted size of cages. Indeed, by testing different potential parameters, we have noted that even minor dispersions between the different existing sets can lead to non-negligible variations in the determination of the volatiles trapped in clathrate hydrates formed in the primordial nebula. However, these variations are not found to be strong enough to reverse the relative abundances

Fluctuation-induced conductivity in melt-textured Pr-doped YBa2Cu3O7-δ composite superconductor

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Opata, Yuri Aparecido; Monteiro, João Frederico Haas Leandro; Siqueira, Ezequiel Costa

2018-01-01

In this study, the effects of thermal fluctuations on the electrical conductivity in melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7-δ, Y0.95Pr0.05Ba2Cu3O7-δ and (YBa2Cu3O7-δ)0.95–(PrBa2Cu3O7-δ)0.05 composite superconductor were considered. The composite superconductor samples were prepared through the top seeding method...... using melt-textured NdBa2Cu3O7-d seeds. The resistivity measurements were performed with a low-frequency, low-current AC technique in order to extract the temperature derivative and analyze the influence of the praseodymium ion on the normal superconductor transition and consequently on the fluctuation...

Multilayered cuprate superconductor Ba2Ca5Cu6O12(O1-x,Fx) 2 studied by temperature-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Sugimoto, Akira; Ekino, Toshikazu; Gabovich, Alexander M.; Sekine, Ryotaro; Tanabe, Kenji; Tokiwa, Kazuyasu

2017-05-01

Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements were carried out on a multilayered cuprate superconductor Ba2Ca5Cu6O12 (O1 -x,Fx )2. STM topography revealed random spot structures with the characteristic length ≤0.5 nm. The conductance spectra d I /d V (V ) show the coexistence of smaller gaps ΔS and large gaps (pseudogaps) ΔL. The pseudogap-related features in the superconducting state were traced with the spatial resolution of ˜0.07 nm. Here, I and V are the tunnel current and bias voltage, respectively. The temperature, T , dependence of ΔS follows the reduced Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) dependence. The hallmark ratio 2 ΔS(T =0 ) /kBTc equals to 4.9, which is smaller than those of other cuprate superconductors. Here, Tc is the superconducting critical temperature and kB is the Boltzmann constant. The larger gap ΔL survives in the normal state and even increases with T above Tc. The T dependencies of the spatial distributions for both relevant gaps (Δ map), as well as for each gap separately (ΔS and ΔL), were obtained. From the histogram of Δ map, the averaged gap values were found to be Δ¯S=˜24 meV and Δ¯L=˜79 meV. The smaller gap ΔS shows a spatially homogeneous distribution while the larger gap ΔL is quite inhomogeneous, indicating that rather homogeneous superconductivity coexists with the patchy distributed pseudogap. The spatial variation length ξΔ L of ΔL correlates with the scale of the topography spot structures, being approximately 0.4 nm. This value is considerably smaller than the coherence length of this class of superconductors, suggesting that ΔL is strongly affected by the disorder of the apical O/F.

High critical currents in Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin, S.; Tiefel, T.H.; Sherwood, R.C.; Davis, M.E.; van Dover, R.B.; Kammlott, G.W.; Fastnacht, R.A.; Keith, H.D.

1988-01-01

Melt-textured growth of polycrystalline YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 √/sub δ/ superconductor using directional solidification created an essentially 100% dense structure consisting of long, needle- or plate-shaped crystals preferentially aligned parallel to the a-b conduction plane. The new microstructure, which completely replaces the previous granular and random structure in the sintered precursor, exhibits dramatically improved transport J/sub c/ values at 77 K of ∼17 000 Acm 2 in zero field and ∼4000 Acm 2 at H = 1 T (as compared to ∼500 and ∼1 Acm 2 , respectively, for the as-sintered structure), with the severe field dependence of J/sub c/ (''weak-link'' problem) no longer evident in the new melt-textured material. The improvement in J/sub c/ is attributed to the combined effects of densification, alignment of crystals, and formation of cleaner grain boundaries. Microstructure and distribution of various phases present in the melt-textured material are discussed in relation to the superconducting properties

Magnetotransport study of in situ magnetic field textured Dy1Ba2Cu3O7-δ superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pekala, M.; Liege Univ.; Cloots, R.; Liege Univ.; Bougrine, H.; Liege Univ.; Maka, E.; Ausloos, M.

1995-01-01

The electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and the Nernst effect have been studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field for a typical superconductor DyBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ magnetically textured in situ at 1035 C. The three transport coefficients show hybrid microscopic features. In particular, we show the anisotropy with respect to the field direction (H // a, H // c) in all transport coefficients. We verify that Tinkham's law is obeyed for the broadening of the resistive transition in a magnetic field. Similarly we obtain anisotropic broadening exponents for each integrated excess property. From Arrhenius plots we obtain orders of magnitude for the activation energies characterizing each property. They are markedly different from each other. (orig.)

The synthesis and the spectroscopic, thermal, and structural properties of the M2[(fumarate)Ni(CN)4]·2(1,4-Dioxane) clathrate (M = Co, Ni, Cd and Hg)

Science.gov (United States)

Kartal, Zeki; Yavuz, Abdülkerim

2018-03-01

In this study, the clathrates of fumarate-tetracyanonickel-dioxane, given by the formula M2[(fumarate)Ni(CN)4]·2(1,4-Dioxane) (M = Co, Ni, Cd and Hg), have been obtained for the first time through chemical methods. These clathrates have been characterized by elemental, thermal, FT-IR, and FT-Raman spectroscopies. The parameters of structures of clathrates have been determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The thermal behaviors of these clathrates have been also investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and derivative thermal gravimetric analysis (DTG) in the range of 20-900 °C. X-ray powder diffraction data have been recorded at ambient temperature in the 2θ range 5-50°. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of clathrates have been recorded in the region of 4000-400 cm-1 and 4000-100 cm-1, respectively. The results of the spectral and thermal analyses of the newly synthesized clathrates of fumarate-tetracyanonickel-dioxane suggest that these clathrates are new examples of the Hofmann-type dioxane clathrates. In our study, the Hofmann-type dioxane clathrates, which are formed by bounding electrons of oxygen-donor atoms of fumarate ion ligand molecule to transition metal atoms, consist of the corrugated |M-Ni(CN)4|∞ polymeric layers, which are held in parallel through the chain of (-M-fumarate-M-).

Hydrogen storage in double clathrates with tert-butylamine.

Science.gov (United States)

Prasad, Pinnelli S R; Sugahara, Takeshi; Sum, Amadeu K; Sloan, E Dendy; Koh, Carolyn A

2009-06-18

The first proof-of-concept of the formation of a double tert-butylamine (t-BuNH(2)) + hydrogen (H(2)) clathrate hydrate has been demonstrated. Binary clathrate hydrates with different molar concentrations of the large guest t-BuNH(2) (0.98-9.31 mol %) were synthesized at 13.8 MPa and 250 K, and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Raman microscopy. A structural transformation from sVI to sII of t-BuNH(2) hydrate was clearly observed under hydrogen pressures. Raman spectroscopic data suggested that the hydrogen molecules occupied the small cages and had similar occupancy to hydrogen in the double tetrahydrofuran (THF) + H(2) clathrate hydrate. The hydrogen storage capacity in this system was approximately 0.7 H(2) wt % at the molar concentration of t-BuNH(2) close to the sII stoichiometry.

Microstructure and associated properties of YBa2Cu3Ox superconductors prepared by melt-processing techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balachandran, U.; Zhong, W.; Youngdahl, C.A.; Poeppel, R.B.

1993-03-01

From the standpoint of applications, melt-processed bulk YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (YBCO) superconductors are of considerable interest. We have studied the microstructure and levitation force of melt-processed YBCO, YBCO plus Y 2 BaCuO 5 , and YBCO plus Pt samples. Large single crystalline samples, grown using a seeding technique, were also studied. The levitation force is highest in melt-processed samples made by the seeding technique. 6 figs, 24 refs

Improvement of the mechanical properties of bulk superconductors; Jushiganshin niyoru baruku chodendotai no kikaitekitokusei no kaizen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomita, M; Murakami, M [Superconductivity Research Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-25

Large single-grain bulk rare earth element (RE)-Ba-Cu-O superconductors can trip large fields exceeding several teslas and thus can function as very strong quasi-permanent magnets. However, the maximum trapped field is essentially limited by the mechanical strength of the bulk superconductors. The stress produced by refrigeration sometimes causes cracking. A large electromagnetic force also acts on superconductors when they trap large magnetic fields, and this occasionally leads to device failure. We have recently found that epoxy resin can penetrate into bulk superconductors under certain conditions. Microstructural observation revealed that microcracks as well as porosities can be impregnated with epoxy resin, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of bulk RE-Ba-Cu-O and thus results in the improvement of field trapping capability. (author)

Evolution of new superconductors. Past, present and future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akimitsu, Jun

2011-01-01

I present here the past and present situations of new superconductors and also the future prospect. Superconductivity has started since Kamerlingh Onnes first observed the zero resistivity. After that, the critical temperature T c was gradually increased. In the early stage of superconductive material investigations, main contribution has been made by B. Matthias and his group. In 1986, a new superconductor La-Ba-Cu-O, which belongs to new category in the superconducting society, has been found by Bednorz and Mueller. After that T c 's have been drastically increased, and finally reached to T c - 164 K in the Hg-compound. Next, I review several new superconductors discovered within 20 years. Finally, I mention my personal perspective to a high-T c superconductor. (author)

UV-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopy of halogen molecules in clathrate hydrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janda, K.C.; Kerenskaya, G.; Goldsheleger, I.U.; Apkarian, V.A.; Fleischer, E.B. [California Univ., Irvine, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry

2008-07-01

Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to study halogen clathrate hydrate solids. In particular, this paper presented an ultraviolet-visible spectra for a polycrystalline sample of chlorine clathrate hydrate and two single crystal samples of bromine clathrate hydrate. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to study the interactions between the halogen guest molecule and the host water lattice. The spectrum for chlorine hydrate had a strong temperature dependence, while the spectra for bromine clathrate hydrate single crystals had a stable cubic type 2 structure as well as a tetragonal structure. A metastable cubic type 1 structure was also observed. Resonance Raman spectroscopy showed how the molecules fit into the host cages. 25 refs., 2 tabs., 7 figs.

Superconductivity in ThPd2Ge2

Science.gov (United States)

Domieracki, Krzysztof; Wiśniewski, Piotr; Wochowski, Konrad; Romanova, Tetiana; Hackemer, Alicja; Gorzelniak, Roman; Pikul, Adam; Kaczorowski, Dariusz

2018-05-01

Our on-going search for unconventional superconductors among the ThTE2Ge2 phases (TE is a d-electron transition metal) revealed that ThPd2Ge2, which crystallizes with a body-centered tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure, exhibits superconductivity at low temperatures. In this paper, we report on the electrical transport and thermodynamic properties of a polycrystalline sample of this new superconductor, extended down to 50 mK. The experimental data indicates weakly-coupled type-II superconductivity with Tc = 0.63(2) K and μ0Hc2(0) = 32(2) mT.

Influence of Y2BaCuO5 precipitates on the current density of melt processed YBa2Cu3Ox superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salama, K.; Selvamanickam, V.

1992-01-01

YBa 2 Cu 3 O x superconductors fabricated by melt processing methods have been shown to exhibit current density around 10 5 A/cm 2 at 77 K. Since YBa 2 Cu 3 O x decomposes peritectically above 1000 C, more than 50 vol. % of Y 2 BaCuO 5 (211) precipitates are formed during the incongruent melting. Even under stringent slow cooling conditions, a significant amount of these precipitates remain unreacted with the liquid and are left embedded in the long 123 grains. The potential of these precipitates as flux pinning sites has been investigated extensively, but remains controversial. In this study, we have performed transport current density measurements on melt processed YBa 2 Cu 3 O x superconductor prepared with varying amount of 211 precipitates. The current density measurements were performed in magnetic fields up to 1.5 T at 77 K with the field aligned at different angles to the a-b plane. The results provided in this paper show that Jc decreases monotonically with increasing amount of 211, irrespective of the angle between the field and the a-b plane indicating the absence of significant pinning by 211 precipitates in melt processed YBa 2 Cu 3 O x superconductor

Mineral-like clathrate of cadmium cyanide with benzene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitazava, T.; Nishimura, A.

1999-01-01

A new mineral-like clathrate of cadmium cyanide with benzene Cd(CN) 2 ·C 6 H 6 is prepared. Data of x-ray diffraction analysis show that benzene molecule is incorporated in cadmium cyanide lattice and a new mineral-like lattice of Cd(CN) 2 belongs to structures of cristobalite type. Clathrate Cd(CN) 2 ·C 6 H 6 crystallizes in trigonal space group R3m, a=8.953(4), c=21929(6) A [ru

High-pressure synthesis of CuBa2Ca3Cu4O10+δ superconductor from precursors prepared by a polymerized complex method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoba, Tomoya; Bizen, Takeshi; Suzuki, Tsuneo; Nakayama, Tadachika; Suematsu, Hisayuki; Niihara, Koichi; Katsumata, Tetsuhiro; Inaguma, Yoshiyuki

2011-01-01

Samples of a CuBa 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 10+ δ superconductor were synthesized under a high pressure of 5 GPa at 1100-1200degC for 30 min using precursors produced by solid-state reaction and polymerized complex methods. Compared with the precursors prepared by the solid-state reaction method, the precursors produced by the polymerized complex method have low grain sizes. The superconductive transition temperature of the samples prepared using precursors made by the polymerized complex method was found to be 113 K. The volume fractions of the superconducting phase in the samples prepared using precursors made by the solid-state reaction and polymerized complex methods were 49 and 36%, respectively. From these results, precursors made by the polymerized complex method can be used in the high-pressure synthesis of superconductors similarly to those made by the solid-state reaction method. (author)

Behavior of the irreversibility line in the new superconductor La{sub 1.5+x}Ba{sub 1.5+x-y}Ca{sub y}Cu{sub 3}O{sub z}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parra Vargas, C.A. [Grupo de Fisica de Materiales, Escuela de Fisica, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Tunja (Colombia); Pimentel, J.L.; Pureur, P. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Landinez Tellez, D.A. [Grupo de Fisica de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 5997, Bogota DC (Colombia); Roa-Rojas, J., E-mail: carlos.parra@uptc.edu.co [Grupo de Fisica de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 5997, Bogota DC (Colombia)

2012-08-15

The irreversibility properties of high-T{sub c} superconductors are of major importance for technological applications. For example, a high irreversibility magnetic field is a more desirable quality for a superconductor . The irreversibility line in the H-T plane is constituted by experimental points, which divides the irreversible and reversible behavior of the magnetization. The irreversibility lines for series of La{sub 1.5+x}Ba{sub 1.5+x-y}Ca{sub y}Cu{sub 3}O{sub z} polycrystalline samples with different doping were investigated. The samples were synthesized using the usual solid estate reaction method. Rietveld-type refinement of x-ray diffraction patterns permitted to determine the crystallization of material in a tetragonal structure. Curves of magnetization ZFC-FC for the system La{sub 1.5+x}Ba{sub 1.5+x-y}Ca{sub y}Cu{sub 3}O{sub z}, were measured in magnetic fields of the 10-20,000 Oe, and allowed to obtain the values for the irreversibility and critical temperatures. The data of irreversibility temperature allowed demarcating the irreversibility line, T{sub irr}(H). Two main lines are used for the interpretation of the irreversibility line: one of those which suppose that the vortexes are activated thermally and the other proposes that associated to T{sub irr} a phase transition occurs. The irreversibility line is described by a power law. The obtained results allow concluding that in the system La{sub 1.5+x}Ba{sub 1.5+x-y}Ca{sub y}Cu{sub 3}O{sub z} a characteristic bend of the Almeida-Thouless (AT) tendency is dominant for low fields and a bend Gabay-Toulouse (GT) behavior for high magnetic fields. This feature of the irreversibility line has been reported as a characteristic of granular superconductors and it corroborates the topological effects of vortexes mentioned by several authors .

Phase equilibrium measurements and the tuning behavior of new sII clathrate hydrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shin, Woongchul; Park, Seongmin; Ro, Hyeyoon; Koh, Dong-Yeun; Seol, Jiwoong [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Huen, E-mail: h_lee@kaist.ac.kr [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Graduate School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of)

2012-01-15

Graphical abstract: Pyrrolidine and piperidine act as sII clathrate hydrate formers under methane gas. Highlights: > New sII clathrate hydrate formers were proposed: pyrrolidine and piperidine. > Formation of gas hydrate with methane as help gas was confirmed. > NMR, Raman, and XRD patterns were analyzed to identify the hydrate structures. > We measured (L + H + V) phase equilibrium with proposed hydrate formers. > Tuning phenomena increase gas storage in (pyrrolidine + CH{sub 4}) clathrate hydrates. - Abstract: We suggest two types of new amine-type sII formers: pyrrolidine and piperidine. These guest compounds fail to form clathrate hydrate structures with host water, but instead have to combine with light gaseous guest molecules (methane) for enclathration. First, two binary clathrate hydrates of (pyrrolidine + methane) and (piperidine + methane) were synthesized at various amine concentrations. {sup 13}C NMR and Raman analysis were done to identify the clathrate hydrate structure and guest distribution over sII-S and sII-L cages. XRD was also used to find the exact structure and corresponding cell parameters. At a dilute pyrrolidine concentration of less than 5.56 mol%, the tuning phenomenon is observed such that methane molecules surprisingly occupy sII-L cages. At the critical guest concentration of about 0.1 mol%, the cage occupancy ratio reaches the maximum of approximately 0.5. At very dilute guest concentration below 0.1 mol%, the methane molecules fail to occupy large cages on account of their rarefied distribution in the network. Direct-release experiments were performed to determine the actual guest compositions in the clathrate hydrate phases. Finally, we measured the clathrate hydrate phase equilibria of (pyrrolidine + methane) and (piperidine + methane).

Phase equilibrium measurements and the tuning behavior of new sII clathrate hydrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shin, Woongchul; Park, Seongmin; Ro, Hyeyoon; Koh, Dong-Yeun; Seol, Jiwoong; Lee, Huen

2012-01-01

Graphical abstract: Pyrrolidine and piperidine act as sII clathrate hydrate formers under methane gas. Highlights: → New sII clathrate hydrate formers were proposed: pyrrolidine and piperidine. → Formation of gas hydrate with methane as help gas was confirmed. → NMR, Raman, and XRD patterns were analyzed to identify the hydrate structures. → We measured (L + H + V) phase equilibrium with proposed hydrate formers. → Tuning phenomena increase gas storage in (pyrrolidine + CH 4 ) clathrate hydrates. - Abstract: We suggest two types of new amine-type sII formers: pyrrolidine and piperidine. These guest compounds fail to form clathrate hydrate structures with host water, but instead have to combine with light gaseous guest molecules (methane) for enclathration. First, two binary clathrate hydrates of (pyrrolidine + methane) and (piperidine + methane) were synthesized at various amine concentrations. 13 C NMR and Raman analysis were done to identify the clathrate hydrate structure and guest distribution over sII-S and sII-L cages. XRD was also used to find the exact structure and corresponding cell parameters. At a dilute pyrrolidine concentration of less than 5.56 mol%, the tuning phenomenon is observed such that methane molecules surprisingly occupy sII-L cages. At the critical guest concentration of about 0.1 mol%, the cage occupancy ratio reaches the maximum of approximately 0.5. At very dilute guest concentration below 0.1 mol%, the methane molecules fail to occupy large cages on account of their rarefied distribution in the network. Direct-release experiments were performed to determine the actual guest compositions in the clathrate hydrate phases. Finally, we measured the clathrate hydrate phase equilibria of (pyrrolidine + methane) and (piperidine + methane).

Preservation of carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate in the presence of trehalose under freezer conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagashima, Hironori D; Takeya, Satoshi; Uchida, Tsutomu; Ohmura, Ryo

2016-01-19

To investigate the preservation of CO2 clathrate hydrate in the presence of sugar for the novel frozen dessert, mass fractions of CO2 clathrate hydrate in CO2 clathrate hydrate samples coexisting with trehalose were intermittently measured. The samples were prepared from trehalose aqueous solution with trehalose mass fractions of 0.05 and 0.10 at 3.0 MPa and 276.2 K. The samples having particle sizes of 1.0 mm and 5.6-8.0 mm were stored at 243.2 K and 253.2 K for three weeks under atmospheric pressure. The mass fractions of CO2 clathrate hydrate in the samples were 0.87-0.97 before the preservation, and CO2 clathrate hydrate still remained 0.56-0.76 in the mass fractions for 5.6-8.0 mm samples and 0.37-0.55 for 1.0 mm samples after the preservation. The preservation in the trehalose system was better than in the sucrose system and comparable to that in the pure CO2 clathrate hydrate system. This comparison indicates that trehalose is a more suitable sugar for the novel frozen carbonated dessert using CO2 clathrate hydrate than sucrose in terms of CO2 concentration in the dessert. It is inferred that existence of aqueous solution in the samples is a significant factor of the preservation of CO2 clathrate hydrate in the presence of sugar.

Formation pathways in the synthesis and properties of (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.9Ba0.1)2Ca2Cu3Oz and (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.8Ba0.2)2Ca2Cu3Oz-1223 superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Auinger, M; Gritzner, G; Bertrand, Ch; Galez, Ph; Soubeyroux, J-L

2007-01-01

The formation pathway of (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.9 Ba 0.1 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z and (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.8 Ba 0.2 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z was studied by neutron and x-ray diffraction. The following reaction pathway was proposed: thallium oxide and lead oxide react with Sr-rich (Sr 1-x Ca x )CuO 2 and Ca-rich (Ca x Sr 1-x )O to form Sr 4 Tl 2 O 7 and (Ca x Sr 1-x )PbO 3 , respectively. The thallate and the plumbate compounds then form the (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 phase starting at a temperature of 600 deg. C. Finally, between 850 and 900 deg. C, the 1223 phase is formed from (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 (Ca x Sr 1-x ) 2 CuO 3 and CuO. Parallel experiments to fabricate the (Tl, Pb)-1223 superconductor resulted in specimens with critical temperatures of 117.5 K and 116 K, respectively, and transition widths of 2 K. Differences between the pathways for the formation of Pb-doped, Sr-rich and Pb-free, Ba-rich Tl-1223 superconductors are discussed

The Effects of Annealing Temperatures on Composition and Strain in Si x Ge1-x Obtained by Melting Growth of Electrodeposited Ge on Si (100).

Science.gov (United States)

Abidin, Mastura Shafinaz Zainal; Morshed, Tahsin; Chikita, Hironori; Kinoshita, Yuki; Muta, Shunpei; Anisuzzaman, Mohammad; Park, Jong-Hyeok; Matsumura, Ryo; Mahmood, Mohamad Rusop; Sadoh, Taizoh; Hashim, Abdul Manaf

2014-02-24

The effects of annealing temperatures on composition and strain in Si x Ge 1- x , obtained by rapid melting growth of electrodeposited Ge on Si (100) substrate were investigated. Here, a rapid melting process was performed at temperatures of 1000, 1050 and 1100 °C for 1 s. All annealed samples show single crystalline structure in (100) orientation. A significant appearance of Si-Ge vibration mode peak at ~400 cm -1 confirms the existence of Si-Ge intermixing due to out-diffusion of Si into Ge region. On a rapid melting process, Ge melts and reaches the thermal equilibrium in short time. Si at Ge/Si interface begins to dissolve once in contact with the molten Ge to produce Si-Ge intermixing. The Si fraction in Si-Ge intermixing was calculated by taking into account the intensity ratio of Ge-Ge and Si-Ge vibration mode peaks and was found to increase with the annealing temperatures. It is found that the strain turns from tensile to compressive as the annealing temperature increases. The Si fraction dependent thermal expansion coefficient of Si x Ge 1- x is a possible cause to generate such strain behavior. The understanding of compositional and strain characteristics is important in Ge/Si heterostructure as these properties seem to give significant effects in device performance.

The Effects of Annealing Temperatures on Composition and Strain in SixGe1−x Obtained by Melting Growth of Electrodeposited Ge on Si (100)

Science.gov (United States)

Abidin, Mastura Shafinaz Zainal; Morshed, Tahsin; Chikita, Hironori; Kinoshita, Yuki; Muta, Shunpei; Anisuzzaman, Mohammad; Park, Jong-Hyeok; Matsumura, Ryo; Mahmood, Mohamad Rusop; Sadoh, Taizoh; Hashim, Abdul Manaf

2014-01-01

The effects of annealing temperatures on composition and strain in SixGe1−x, obtained by rapid melting growth of electrodeposited Ge on Si (100) substrate were investigated. Here, a rapid melting process was performed at temperatures of 1000, 1050 and 1100°C for 1 s. All annealed samples show single crystalline structure in (100) orientation. A significant appearance of Si-Ge vibration mode peak at ~00 cm−1 confirms the existence of Si-Ge intermixing due to out-diffusion of Si into Ge region. On a rapid melting process, Ge melts and reaches the thermal equilibrium in short time. Si at Ge/Si interface begins to dissolve once in contact with the molten Ge to produce Si-Ge intermixing. The Si fraction in Si-Ge intermixing was calculated by taking into account the intensity ratio of Ge-Ge and Si-Ge vibration mode peaks and was found to increase with the annealing temperatures. It is found that the strain turns from tensile to compressive as the annealing temperature increases. The Si fraction dependent thermal expansion coefficient of SixGe1−x is a possible cause to generate such strain behavior. The understanding of compositional and strain characteristics is important in Ge/Si heterostructure as these properties seem to give significant effects in device performance. PMID:28788521

The Effects of Annealing Temperatures on Composition and Strain in SixGe1−x Obtained by Melting Growth of Electrodeposited Ge on Si (100

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The effects of annealing temperatures on composition and strain in SixGe1−x, obtained by rapid melting growth of electrodeposited Ge on Si (100 substrate were investigated. Here, a rapid melting process was performed at temperatures of 1000, 1050 and 1100 °C for 1 s. All annealed samples show single crystalline structure in (100 orientation. A significant appearance of Si-Ge vibration mode peak at ~400 cm−1 confirms the existence of Si-Ge intermixing due to out-diffusion of Si into Ge region. On a rapid melting process, Ge melts and reaches the thermal equilibrium in short time. Si at Ge/Si interface begins to dissolve once in contact with the molten Ge to produce Si-Ge intermixing. The Si fraction in Si-Ge intermixing was calculated by taking into account the intensity ratio of Ge-Ge and Si-Ge vibration mode peaks and was found to increase with the annealing temperatures. It is found that the strain turns from tensile to compressive as the annealing temperature increases. The Si fraction dependent thermal expansion coefficient of SixGe1−x is a possible cause to generate such strain behavior. The understanding of compositional and strain characteristics is important in Ge/Si heterostructure as these properties seem to give significant effects in device performance.

Fluctuation Induced Conductivity Studies of 100 MeV Oxygen Ion Irradiated Pb Doped Bi-2223 Superconductors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Banerjee, Tamalika; Kumar, Ravi; Kanjilal, D.; Ramasamy, S.

2000-01-01

We report on 100 MeV oxygen ion irradiation in Pb doped Bi-2223 superconductors. Resistivity measurements reveal that both grains as well as the grain boundaries are affected by such irradiation. An analysis of the excess conductivity has been made within the framework of Aslamazov-Larkin (AL) and

Two S-wave gap symmetry for single crystals of the superconductor BaFe1.8Co0.2As2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Ki-Young; Kim, Soo Hyun; Choi, Changho; Jung, Myung-Hwa; Wang, X.F.; Chen, X.H.; Noh, Jae Dong; Lee, Sung-IK

2010-01-01

To clarify the gap structure of the iron-pnictide superconductors, we synthesized optimally doped single crystals of BaFe 1.8 Co 0.2 As 2 , which had a critical temperature, T c , of 23.6 K. The initial M-H curve was used to find the lower critical field, H c1 . The full range of the temperature dependence of H c1 was explained by using a two S-wave gap symmetry. We estimate the two gap as Δ 1 (0) = 1.64 ± 0.2 meV for the small gap and Δ 2 (0) = 6.20 ± 0.2 meV for the large gap.

Large area bulk superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Dean J.; Field, Michael B.

2002-01-01

A bulk superconductor having a thickness of not less than about 100 microns is carried by a polycrystalline textured substrate having misorientation angles at the surface thereof not greater than about 15.degree.; the bulk superconductor may have a thickness of not less than about 100 microns and a surface area of not less than about 50 cm.sup.2. The textured substrate may have a thickness not less than about 10 microns and misorientation angles at the surface thereof not greater than about 15.degree.. Also disclosed is a process of manufacturing the bulk superconductor and the polycrystalline biaxially textured substrate material.

Phonon dispersion curves of BCC Ba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mizuki, J.; Stassis, C.; Zarestky, J.

1985-01-01

Ba, as well as Sr and Ca, is a divalent alkaline earth metal. At room temperature and ambient pressure, the structure of Ba is bcc, whereas that of Sr and Ca is fcc. Under pressure, the bcc phase of Ba transforms to an hcp structure at 55 kbar. Also, at 37 kbar Ba becomes a superconductor with T/sub c/ = 0.06 K. These properties are highly dependent on the position of the d bands relative to the Fermi level. Experimental investigation of the elastic and lattice dynamical properties of these metals has been hindered by difficulties in growing single crystals. However, recently the authors were able to grow several single crystals of bcc Ba of sufficient volume for inelastic neutron scattering experiments. Some of the results are summarized here

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 4. Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/Msup(V)Wvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta - perovskite stacking polytypes of 24 L type

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Chemie

1978-11-01

The yellow perovskite stacking polytypes Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/NbWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ and Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/TaWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ have a rhombohedral layer structure of 24 L type with 3 formula units in the trigonal setting (Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/NbWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/: a = 5,82 A; c = 55.6 A; Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 3/TaWvacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/; a = 5,81 A; c = 55.6 A).

Type II superconductivity in SrPd2Ge2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samuely, T; Szabó, P; Pribulová, Z; Samuely, P; Sung, N H; Cho, B K; Klein, T; Cambel, V; Rodrigo, J G

2013-01-01

Previous investigations have shown that SrPd 2 Ge 2 , a compound isostructural with ‘122’ iron pnictides but iron and pnictogen free, is a conventional superconductor with a single s-wave energy gap and a strongly three-dimensional electronic structure. In this work we reveal the Abrikosov vortex lattice formed in SrPd 2 Ge 2 when exposed to magnetic field by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Moreover, by examining the differential conductance spectra across a vortex and estimating the upper and lower critical magnetic fields by tunneling spectroscopy and local magnetization measurements, we show that SrPd 2 Ge 2 is a strong type II superconductor with κ ≫ 2 −1/2 . Also, we compare the differential conductance spectra in various magnetic fields to the pair-breaking model of Maki and de Gennes for a dirty limit type II superconductor in the gapless region. This way we demonstrate that the type II superconductivity is induced by the sample being in the dirty limit, while in the clean limit it would be a type I superconductor with κ ≪ 2 −1/2 , in concordance with our previous study (Kim et al (2012) Phys. Rev. B 85 014520). (paper)

New Method of Preparation of Isomers of the (Ca0.1La0.9)(Ba1.6.5La0.35)Cu3Oy Superconductor with Predicted Maximal Tc

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knizhnik, A.; Reisner, G.M.; Men, A.; Eckstein, Y.

1998-01-01

The 123 superconductor (Ca 0.1 La 0.9 )(Ba 1.6.5 La 0.35 )Cu 3 O y (c) has been prepared by the usual carbonate-oxide method. After oxygenation to the optimal oxygen doping of y=7.135, the maximal T c =57K. We prepared (c) also via reaction (1): 0.75La(La 0.25 Ba 1.75 )Cu 3 O 6.782 +0.25Ca 0.4 La 0.6 (La 0.65 Ba 1.35 )Cu 3 O 6.806 + 0.033O 2 (Ca 0. 1La 9 )(Ba 1.65 La 0.35 )Cu 3 ) 6.854 (1) The initial reagents are also superconductors. The first (a) has a maximal T c =57K, second (b) - 81K. In reference [1] we have shown that several isomers having the same general formula (c), may exist each having different ratios of the follow- ing possible unit cells: LaBa 2 Cu 3 O y , La(BaLa)Cu 3 O y , LaLa 2 Cu 3 O y , CaBa 2 Cu 3 O y , Ca(BaLa)Cu30 , CaLa2Cu30 . These isomers are formed at different temperatures of the preparation of (c) by carbonate-oxide method [1]. After the formation of compound (c) has been completed, further heating, even to higher temperatures, cannot change one isomer into another. Thus, there is no equilibrium between the (c) isomers and, if there also is no equilibrium in the cases of both isomers (a) and (b), then reaction (1) should not change the ratio of the unit cells. Each cell (i), which is present in (a) in concentration q i (a), should be present in (c) in concentration 0.75q i (a); analogously, each cell (i) which is present in (b) in concentration q i (b) should be present in (c) in concentration 0.25q i (b). According to the cluster component method, [2], T cmax = Σq i T i , where T i is T cmax of such a hypothetical sample, which contains cells (i) only. Thus the expected T cmax of (c), prepared via reaction (1), is: Σ0.75q i (a)T i + Σ0.25q i (b)T i = 0.75 x 57 + 0.25 x 81 = 63K, i.e. higher by 6 degrees than the T cmax of (c) prepared by the usual method. We studied reaction (1) via X-ray diffraction. XRD spectra showed that the intensity of the reagents peaks decrease with the time of the reaction and after 100 hours at 950 deg

Characteristics of hardron-nucleus interactions at 100 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toothacker, W.S.; Whitmore, J.; Elcombe, P.A.

1988-01-01

We report on 100 GeV/c interactions of p and p-bar with Ag and Au targets. This is a subset of the data from Fermilab experiment E597 and was performed with the 30-inch bubble chamber and Downstream Particle Identifier. Final state protons with laboratory momentum less than 1.4 GeV/c have been identified by their ionization in the bubble chamber. Final state protons/antiprotons with laboratory momentum greater than 10 GeV/c have been identified using CRISIS, an ionization sampling drift chamber. The cross section and mean transverse momentum squared of the leading baryon from the reactions p+(Ag,Au)→p+X and p-bar+(Ag,Au)→p-bar+X are presented as a function of the rapidity loss of the leading baryon. The laboratory rapidity and transverse momentum squared of the associated pions are also presented

Characteristics of hardron-nucleus interactions at 100 GeV/c

Science.gov (United States)

Toothacker, W. S.; Whitmore, J.; Elcombe, P. A.; Hill, J. C.; Neale, W. W.; Kowald, W.; Walker, W. D.; Lucas, P.; Voyvodic, L.; Ammar, R.; Coppage, D.; Davis, R.; Gress, J.; Kanekal, S.; Kwak, N.; Bishop, J. M.; Biswas, N. N.; Cason, N. M.; Kenney, V. P.; Mattingly, M. C. K.; Ruchti, R. C.; Shepard, W. D.; Ting, S. J. Y.

1988-11-01

We report on 100 GeV/c interactions of p and p¯ with Ag and Au targets. This is a subset of the data from Fermilab experiment E597 and was performed with the 30-inch bubble chamber and Downstream Particle Identifier. Final state protons with laboratory momentum less than 1.4 GeV/c have been identified by their ionization in the bubble chamber. Final state protons/antiprotons with laboratory momentum greater than 10 GeV/c have been identified using CRISIS, an ionization sampling drift chamber. The cross section and mean transverse momentum squared of the leading baryon from the reactions p+(Ag,Au)→p+X and p¯+(Ag,Au)→p¯+X are presented as a function of the rapidity loss of the leading baryon. The laboratory rapidity and transverse momentum squared of the associated pions are also presented.

P-type Ge epitaxy on GaAs (100) substrate grown by MOCVD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jin, Y.J.; Chia, C.K.; Liu, H.F.; Wong, L.M.; Chai, J.W.; Chi, D.Z.; Wang, S.J., E-mail: sj-wang@imre.a-star.edu.sg

2016-07-15

Highlights: • The heterogeneous integration of p-Ge/GaAs by MOCVD indicates significance for the application in optoelectronic devices such as p-MOSFET, dual band photodetector, etc. • Many undesired pillar-structures were observed on the p-Ge epilayers and we found that the cause of the pillar-like structures was related to the Ge-Ga dimers formed during the growth. • We found that a GaAs substrate with fewer Ga or Ge danglings was helpful in suppressing the formation of the unwanted pillar-like structures and thus obtaining high quality p-Ge epilayers. - Abstract: In this work, Ga-doped Geranium (Ge) films have been grown on GaAs (100) substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Undesired pillar structures have been observed on the epilayers prepared at relatively lower temperatures. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated that the pillars are mainly consisted of Ga atoms, which is totally different from that of the Ge film. It was demonstrated that the pillar structures could be reduced by simply raising the growth temperature while keeping the other growth conditions unchanged. In this regard, the growth mechanism of the pillars was related to the Ge-Ga dimers formed during the growth of p-Ge films. By further studying the influence of a GaAs or Ge buffer layer on the growth of p-Ge layers, we found that the GaAs substrate with lower density of Ga or Ge dangling bonds was helpful in suppressing the formation of the undesired pillar structures.

A Fundamental Study of Inorganic Clathrate and Other Open-Framework Materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nolas, George [Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL (United States)

2017-08-15

Due to formidable synthetic challenges, many materials of scientific and technological interest are first obtained as microcrystalline powders. High purity, high yield processing techniques are often lacking and thus care must be taken in interpretation of the observed structural, chemical, and physical properties of powder or polycrystalline materials, which can be strongly influenced by extrinsic properties. Furthermore, the preparation of high-quality single crystals for many materials by traditional techniques can be especially challenging in cases where the elemental constituents have greatly differing melting points and/or vapor pressures, when the desired compound is thermodynamically metastable, or where growth with participation of the melt is generally not possible. New processing techniques are therefore imperative in order to investigate the intrinsic properties of these materials and elucidate their fundamental physical properties. Intermetallic clathrates constitute one such class of materials. The complex crystal structures of intermetallic clathrates are characterized by mainly group 14 host frameworks encapsulating guest-ions in polyhedral cages. The unique features of clathrate structures are intimately related to their physical properties, offering ideal systems for the study of structure-property relationships in crystalline solids. Moreover, intermetallic clathrates are being actively investigated due to their potential for application in thermoelectrics, photovoltaics and opto-electronics, superconductivity, and magnetocaloric technologies. We have developed different processing techniques in order to synthesize phase-pure high yield clathrates reproducibly, as well as grow single crystals for the first time. We also employed these techniques to synthesize new “open-framework” compounds. These advances in materials processing and crystal growth allowed for the investigation of the physical properties of a variety of different clathrate

Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy of SiGe layer evolution on Si(100) induced by dewetting

Science.gov (United States)

Shklyaev, A. A.; Volodin, V. A.; Stoffel, M.; Rinnert, H.; Vergnat, M.

2018-01-01

High temperature annealing of thick (40-100 nm) Ge layers deposited on Si(100) at ˜400 °C leads to the formation of continuous films prior to their transformation into porous-like films due to dewetting. The evolution of Si-Ge composition, lattice strain, and surface morphology caused by dewetting is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The Raman data reveal that the transformation from the continuous to porous film proceeds through strong Si-Ge interdiffusion, reducing the Ge content from 60% to about 20%, and changing the stress from compressive to tensile. We expect that Ge atoms migrate into the Si substrate occupying interstitial sites and providing thereby the compensation of the lattice mismatch. Annealing generates only one type of radiative recombination centers in SiGe resulting in a PL peak located at about 0.7 and 0.8 eV for continuous and porous film areas, respectively. Since annealing leads to the propagation of threading dislocations through the SiGe/Si interface, we can tentatively associate the observed PL peak to the well-known dislocation-related D1 band.

Rational design of monocrystalline (InP)(y)Ge(5-2y)/Ge/Si(100) semiconductors: synthesis and optical properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Sims, Patrick E; Chizmeshya, Andrew V G; Jiang, Liying; Beeler, Richard T; Poweleit, Christian D; Gallagher, James; Smith, David J; Menéndez, José; Kouvetakis, John

2013-08-21

In this work, we extend our strategy previously developed to synthesize functional, crystalline Si(5-2y)(AlX)y {X = N,P,As} semiconductors to a new class of Ge-III-V hybrid compounds, leading to the creation of (InP)(y)Ge(5-2y) analogues. The compounds are grown directly on Ge-buffered Si(100) substrates using gas source MBE by tuning the interaction between Ge-based P(GeH3)3 precursors and In atoms to yield nanoscale "In-P-Ge3" building blocks, which then confer their molecular structure and composition to form the target solids via complete elimination of H2. The collateral production of reactive germylene (GeH2), via partial decomposition of P(GeH3)3, is achieved by simple adjustment of the deposition conditions, leading to controlled Ge enrichment of the solid product relative to the stoichiometric InPGe3 composition. High resolution XRD, XTEM, EDX, and RBS indicate that the resultant monocrystalline (InP)(y)Ge(5-2y) alloys with y = 0.3-0.7 are tetragonally strained and fully coherent with the substrate and possess a cubic diamond-like structure. Molecular and solid-state ab initio density functional theory (DFT) simulations support the viability of "In-P-Ge3" building-block assembly of the proposed crystal structures, which consist of a Ge parent crystal in which the P atoms form a third-nearest-neighbor sublattice and "In-P" dimers are oriented to exclude energetically unfavorable In-In bonding. The observed InP concentration dependence of the lattice constant is closely reproduced by DFT simulation of these model structures. Raman spectroscopy and ellipsometry are also consistent with the "In-P-Ge3" building-block interpretation of the crystal structure, while the observation of photoluminescence suggests that (InP)(y)Ge(5-2y) may have important optoelectronic applications.

Proton microbeam irradiation effects on PtBA polymer

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Microbeam irradiation effects on poly-tert-butyl-acrylate (PtBA) polymer using 2.0 MeV proton microbeam are reported. Preliminary results on pattern formation on PtBA are carried out as a function of fluence. After writing the pattern, a thin layer of Ge is deposited. Distribution of Ge in pristine and ion beam patterned surface ...

Thermodynamics of clathrate hydrate at low and high pressures with application to the outer solar system

Science.gov (United States)

Lunine, J. I.; Stevenson, D. J.

1985-01-01

The thermodynamic stability of clathrate hydrate is calculated to predict the formation conditions corresponding to a range of solar system parameters. The calculations were performed using the statistical mechanical theory developed by van der Waals and Platteeuw (1959) and existing experimental data concerning clathrate hydrate and its components. Dissociation pressures and partition functions (Langmuir constants) are predicted at low pressure for CO clathrate (hydrate) using the properties of chemicals similar to CO. It is argued that nonsolar but well constrained noble gas abundances may be measurable by the Galileo spacecraft in the Jovian atmosphere if the observed carbon enhancement is due to bombardment of the atmosphere by clathrate-bearing planetesimals sometime after planetary formation. The noble gas abundances of the Jovian satellite Titan are predicted, assuming that most of the methane in Titan is accreted as clathrate. It is suggested that under thermodynamically appropriate conditions, complete clathration of water ice could have occurred in high-pressure nebulas around giant planets, but probably not in the outer solar nebula. The stability of clathrate in other pressure ranges is also discussed.

Squeezing clathrate cages to host trivalent rare-earth guests

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jian [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Department of Chemistry; Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States); He, Yuping [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Mordvinova, Natalia E. [Laboratoire CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, CNRS UMR (France); Lebedev, Oleg [Laboratoire CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, CNRS UMR (France); Kovnir, Kirill [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Department of Chemistry; Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)

2017-11-01

Strike difference of the trivalent rare-earth cations from their alkali and alkaline-earth peers is in the presence of localized 4f-electrons and strong spin-orbit coupling. Placing trivalent rare-earth cations inside the fullerene molecules or in between the blocks of itinerant magnetic intermetallics gave rise to plethora of fascinating properties and materials. A long-time missing but hardly desired piece is the semiconducting or metallic compound where rare-earth cations are situated inside the oversized polyhedral cages of three-dimensional framework. In this work we present a synthesis of such compounds, rare-earth containing clathrates Ba_8-xR_xCu₁₆P₃₀. The unambiguous proofs of their composition and crystal structure were achieved by a combination of synchrotron powder diffraction, time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, scanning-transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Our quantum-mechanical calculations and experimental characterizations show that the incorporation of the rare-earth cations significantly enhances the hole mobility and concentration which results in the drastic increase in the thermoelectric performance.

Positron annihilation studies in the high-temperature superconductors YBa2Cu3Osub(7-x) and HoBa2Cu3Osub(7-x)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mandal, P.; Poddar, A.; Nambissan, P.M.G.; Choudhury, P.; Ghosh, B.; Sen, P.; Majumdar, C.K.

1988-01-01

In the high-Tsub(c) superconductors YBa 2 Cu 3 Osub(7-x) and HoBa 2 Cu 3 Osub(7-x) the Doppler-broadened positron annihilation lineshape parameter is studied as a function of temperature. Anomalies are detected around the transition temperature found by resistance measurements, giving indirect support for an electronic mechanism for superconductivity. The positron lifetimes in these compounds are measured at room temperature and are found to be similar. The origins of the several lifetimes found and their intensities are discussed. (author)

Electrical transport properties of the unconventional superconductor YFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Semeniuk, Konstantin; Chen, Jiasheng; Brown, Philip; Zou, Yang; Grosche, Malte [Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom); Feng, Zhuo [London Centre of Nanotechnology, University College London, London (United Kingdom); Lampronti, Giulio [Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

2016-07-01

YFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} is a paramagnetic d-electron system which stands out due to its high Sommerfeld ratio of its specific heat capacity of 100 mJ/(mol K{sup 2}) and non Fermi-liquid T{sup 3/2} power law temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity. The material was found to be superconducting below about 1.8 K. Advances in YFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} crystal growth allowed us to obtain high quality samples with residual resistivity ratios of the order of 200. Recent measurements of magnetisation and heat capacity provide further evidence for superconductivity, and the correlation between the transition temperature and the sample quality, the enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient and the anomalous T-dependence of the resistivity indicate that superconductivity in YFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} is unconventional. We report the results of detailed electrical resistivity measurements on YFe{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} as a function of temperature, magnetic field and hydrostatic pressure, which provide further insight into the nature of superconducting and normal states of the material.

Critical current density and wire fabrication of high-TC superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schlabach, T.D.; Jin, S.; Sherwood, R.C.; Tiefel, T.H.

1989-01-01

In this paper, some of the recent investigations of wire fabrication techniques and critical current behavior in high T c superconductors will be reviewed. In spite of the tremendous interest and research effort, the progress toward major applications of the bulk high-temperature superconductors has been impeded by, among other thins, the low critical currents and their severe deterioration in weak magnetic fields. Significant advances, however, have been made in understanding the causes of the problem as well as in improving the current-carrying capacity through proper microstructural control such as the melt-textured-growth in Y-Ba-Cu-O. The low density of effective flux-pinning sites in bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O limits J c at 77K in high magnetic fields to about 10 4 A/cm 2 even in the absence of weak links. Magnetization measurements on Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O at 77K by various researchers indicate even weaker flux pinning capabilities in these materials than in Y-Ba-Cu-O. The challenge in the future is to obtain suitable flux-pinning defects by choosing the right processing and chemistry changes

Pinning characteristics in chemically modified (Nd, Eu, Gd)-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Muralidhar, M.; Sakai, N.; Nishiyama, M.; Jirsa, Miloš; Machi, T.; Murakami, M.

2003-01-01

Roč. 82, č. 6 (2003), s. 943-945 ISSN 0003-6951 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA1010919 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : melt-textured superconductors * pinning defects * irreversibility field * bulk superconductors * ternary systems * twin structure Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 4.049, year: 2003

PRODUCCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL NUEVO SISTEMA SUPERCONDUCTOR Yb0,5Ho0,5Ba2Cu3O7-d

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jully P. Peña

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se reporta la caracterización del nuevo sistema superconductor Yb0,5Ho0,5Ba2Cu3O7-δ perteneciente a la familia de cupratos de alta temperatura TR123; el material fue producido utilizando el método de reacción de estado sólido (SSR con una temperatura de sinterizado de 910 °C. Se muestra la caracterización morfológica referente al comportamiento granular utilizando la técnica de Microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM; la caracterización estructural, se logra sometiendo la muestra a difracción de rayos X (DRX y se obtienen los parámetros estructurales implementando el método de refinamiento Rietveld en el software GSAS, el material resulta poseer celdas unitarias ortorrómbicas tipo perovskita con un comportamiento superconductor que se evidencia en la curva de resistividad como función de la temperatura cuya derivada presenta un punto crítico en el valor correspondiente a la temperatura crítica Tc 92,61 K.

IR reflectance spectroscopy of carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates. Implications for Saturn's icy moons.

Science.gov (United States)

Oancea, A.; Grasset, O.; Le Menn, E.; Bezacier, L.; Bollengier, O.; Le Mouélic, S.; Tobie, G.

2012-04-01

A CO2 spectral band was discovered by VIMS on the Saturn's satellites Dione, Hyperion, Iapetus and Phoebe [1]. The band position on the three first satellites corresponds to CO2 trapped in a complex material, but no indication exists whether this latter is water ice or some mineral or complex organic compound [1]. On Phoebe, the CO2 spectral band is consistent with solid CO2 or CO2 molecules trapped in the small cages of a clathrate hydrate structure [2]. It is thought that clathrate hydrates could play a significant role in the chemistry of the solar nebula [3] and in the physical evolution of astrophysical objects [4]. But so far, no clathrate hydrate structure has been observed in astrophysical environments. Moreover, identification of molecules trapped in a clathrate hydrate structure is extremely difficult because of the strong IR vibration modes of the water ice matrix. In this work, experimental IR reflectance spectra for CO2 clathrate hydrates are studied on grains and films. Clathrates are synthesized in a high pressure autoclave at low temperatures. IR spectral analysis is made with a low pressure and low temperature cryostat. These experimental conditions - 80 spectrum will be presented. A comparison between the absorption bands of CO2 clathrate hydrates obtained in our lab and CO2 absorption bands as detected by VIMS on the icy satellites of Saturn will be shown. This experimental work confirms that VIMS data are not consistent with the presence of structure I CO2 clathrate hydrates on the surface of the icy moons. Possibility of having metastable structure II still remains unsolved and will be discussed. [1] Dalton et al., Space Sci. Rev. 2010, 153 : 113-154. [2] Cruikshank D.P. et al, Icarus, 2010, 206: 561-572. [3] Mousis O. et al , Ap. J. 2009, 691: 1780-1786. [4] Choukroun M. et al, in Solar System Ices, edited by Castillo-Rogez, J. et al., 2011.

High Quality GaAs Epilayers Grown on Si Substrate Using 100 nm Ge Buffer Layer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei-Cheng Kuo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available We present high quality GaAs epilayers that grow on virtual substrate with 100 nm Ge buffer layers. The thin Ge buffer layers were modulated by hydrogen flow rate from 60 to 90 sccm to improve crystal quality by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD at low growth temperature (180°C. The GaAs and Ge epilayers quality was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD and spectroscopy ellipsometry (SE. The full width at half maximum (FWHM of the Ge and GaAs epilayers in XRD is 406 arcsec and 220 arcsec, respectively. In addition, the GaAs/Ge/Si interface is observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM to demonstrate the epitaxial growth. The defects at GaAs/Ge interface are localized within a few nanometers. It is clearly showed that the dislocation is well suppressed. The quality of the Ge buffer layer is the key of III–V/Si tandem cell. Therefore, the high quality GaAs epilayers that grow on virtual substrate with 100 nm Ge buffer layers is suitable to develop the low cost and high efficiency III–V/Si tandem solar cells.

Pure and Y-substituted BaZrO3 ceramics. A possible support material for fabrication of YBa2Cu3O7-x high-Tc superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiandong.

1993-01-01

This thesis concerns the preparation and characterization of cuprate based high-T c superconductors (Y-123 and Bi-2223) and especially development and testing of BaZrO 3 based materials. The formation of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y (Y-123) by a CO 2 -free route involving reaction sintering of stoichiometric mixtures of chemically prepared fine powders of Y 2 BaCuO 5 , BaCuO 2 and CuO have been studied by thermal and XRD analysis. The synthesis and sintering of BaZrO 3 powders prepared by the hydroxide-alkoxide-methanol sol-gel route have been studied. The phase relations in the system BaO-Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 have been studied to determine the solid solubility limits for the perovskite phase Ba X Y Y Zr Z O N (X+X+Z=3) at 1500 deg. C. In the binary system Y 2 O 3 -BaZrO 3 the solubility limit was found to be ≅19 mol% Y 2 O 3 , i.e. Ba 0.81 Y 0. 4 2 Zr 0.81 O 3 . along the joint BaYO 2.5 -Ba the boundary was determined to be at BaY 0.21 Zr 0 . 79 O 2.895 . evidence for a new solid solution series between Ba 3 Y 4 O 9 and ZrO 2 are given, and a partial 1500 deg. C phase diagram for the ternary system BaO-Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 is presented. The growth of BaZrO 3 single crystals have been attempted both by a laser zone floating technique and flux methods. The compatibility between YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -X and BaZrO 3 , Ba X Y Y Zr Z O 3-δ as well as BaHfO 3 have been studied at 950 deg. and 1050 deg. C. The results show the four most promising candidates as support materials for fabrication of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y to be BaHfO 3 , BaY 0.05 Zr 0.95 O 2.975 , , BaZrO 3 and BaY 0.1 Zr 0.9 O 2.95 . (EG)

Surface Morphology Transformation Under High-Temperature Annealing of Ge Layers Deposited on Si(100).

Science.gov (United States)

Shklyaev, A A; Latyshev, A V

2016-12-01

We study the surface morphology and chemical composition of SiGe layers after their formation under high-temperature annealing at 800-1100 °C of 30-150 nm Ge layers deposited on Si(100) at 400-500 °C. It is found that the annealing leads to the appearance of the SiGe layers of two types, i.e., porous and continuous. The continuous layers have a smoothened surface morphology and a high concentration of threading dislocations. The porous and continuous layers can coexist. Their formation conditions and the ratio between their areas on the surface depend on the thickness of deposited Ge layers, as well as on the temperature and the annealing time. The data obtained suggest that the porous SiGe layers are formed due to melting of the strained Ge layers and their solidification in the conditions of SiGe dewetting on Si. The porous and dislocation-rich SiGe layers may have properties interesting for applications.

Probing the Subtle Structure Modifications of Thermoelectric Materials by Variable Temperature Total Scattering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reardon, Hazel; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt; Blichfeld, Anders Bank

The complex host-guest structure of Type-I inorganic clathrates has been studied fervently within the CMC based on their low thermal conductivity and promising thermoelectric Figure of Merit (zT). We have recently been focused on understanding unusual features in the high temperature diffraction...... data collected over a number of years on Ba8Ga16Ge30 (BGG), where numerous samples have been prepared in-house using various synthesis methods. This led to a comprehensive thermal stability study of clathrate powders, where PXRD revealed amorphous components in the samples treated at high temperature...... in air. PDF measurements were performed on data collected from ex situ annealed BGG samples. This ex situ study (to be submitted), reveals that the seemingly subtle change in the clathrate structure and the emergence of a significant amorphous phase observed from PXRD data is likely to be the result...

Campbell penetration depth in Fe-based superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prommapan, Plegchart

2011-01-01

A 'true' critical current density, j c , as opposite to commonly measured relaxed persistent (Bean) current, j B , was extracted from the Campbell penetration depth, λ c (T,H) measured in single crystals of LiFeAs, and optimally electron-doped Ba(Fe 0.954 Ni 0.046 ) 2 As 2 (FeNi122). In LiFeAs, the effective pinning potential is nonparabolic, which follows from the magnetic field - dependent Labusch parameter α. At the equilibrium (upon field - cooling), α(H) is non-monotonic, but it is monotonic at a finite gradient of the vortex density. This behavior leads to a faster magnetic relaxation at the lower fields and provides a natural dynamic explanation for the fishtail (second peak) effect. We also find the evidence for strong pinning at the lower fields.The inferred field dependence of the pinning potential is consistent with the evolution from strong pinning, through collective pinning, and eventually to a disordered vortex lattice. The value of j c (2 K) ≅ 1.22 x 10 6 A/cm 2 provide an upper estimate of the current carrying capability of LiFeAs. Overall, vortex behavior of almost isotropic, fully-gapped LiFeAs is very similar to highly anisotropic d-wave cuprate superconductors, the similarity that requires further studies in order to understand unconventional superconductivity in cuprates and pnictides. In addition to LiFeAs, we also report the magnetic penetration depth in BaFe 2 As 2 based superconductors including irradiation of FeNi122. In unirradiated FeNi122, the maximum critical current value is, j c (2K) ≅ 3.3 x 10 6 A/cm 2 . The magnetic-dependent feature was observed near the transition temperature in FeTe 0.53 Se 0.47 and irradiated FeNi122. Because of this feature, further studies are required in order to properly calibrate the Campbell penetration depth. Finally, we detected the crossing between the magnetic penetration depth and London penetration depth in optimally hold-doped Ba 0.6 K 0.4 Fe 2 As 2 (BaK122) and isovalent doped BaFe 2 (As 0

Clathrate Hydrates for Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings: Overview of Proper Hydrate-Forming Compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatrice Castellani

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Increasing energy costs are at the origin of the great progress in the field of phase change materials (PCMs. The present work aims at studying the application of clathrate hydrates as PCMs in buildings. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline structures in which guest molecules are enclosed in the crystal lattice of water molecules. Clathrate hydrates can form also at ambient pressure and present a high latent heat, and for this reason, they are good candidates for being used as PCMs. The parameter that makes a PCM suitable to be used in buildings is, first of all, a melting temperature at about 25 °C. The paper provides an overview of groups of clathrate hydrates, whose physical and chemical characteristics could meet the requirements needed for their application in buildings. Simulations with a dynamic building simulation tool are carried out to evaluate the performance of clathrate hydrates in enhancing thermal comfort through the moderation of summer temperature swings and, therefore, in reducing energy consumption. Simulations suggest that clathrate hydrates have a potential in terms of improvement of indoor thermal comfort and a reduction of energy consumption for cooling. Cooling effects of 0.5 °C and reduced overheating hours of up to 1.1% are predicted.

Effects of calcium doping on the superconducting properties of top-seeded melt growth processed Y1.5Ba2-xCaxCu3Oy superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, S.D.; Kim, H.J.; Park, B.J.; Han, Y.H.; Jun, B.-H.; Lee, J.S.; Kim, C.-J.

2011-01-01

We study effects of calcium doping in melt processed Y123 superconductors. We examine a superconducting transition temperature and current density. A transition temperature and current density decreases by calcium doping. Calcium doping leads to coarseing of Y211 particles. Y211 refining effect by CeO 2 is disappreared by calcium doping. The effect of calcium doping on the superconducting properties of top seeded melt growth (TSMG) processed Y 1.5 Ba 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O y superconductors was studied in terms of calcium content (X ca ). YBa 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O 7-δ (X ca = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.1, 0.3) powders were synthesized by the powder calcination method. YBa 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O 7-δ powders were mixed with 0.25 mole Y 2 O 3 powder and 1 wt.% CeO 2 as Y 2 BaCuO 5 (Y211) refiner, and finally made into Y 1 . 5 Ba 2-x Ca x Cu 3 O y (Y1.5) + 1 wt.% CeO 2 composition. The single Y123 growth on the top surface was observed up to X ca = 0.1, while the multiple Y123 growth was observed at X ca ≥ 0.1. The superconducting transition temperature (T c ) and critical current density (J c ) of TSMG processed Y1.5 samples were inversely proportional to X ca . The Y211 size increased with increasing X ca due to the enhancement of Y211 coarsening by calcium doping. No Y211 refining effect by CeO 2 was observed in the calcium doped samples. The T c and J c decrease by calcium doping are likely to be due to the calcium incorporation with the Y123 lattice and formation of coarse Y211 particles.

Evidence for Crossed Andreev Reflections in (100)YBa2Cu3O7+δ-SrRuO3 superconductor-ferromagnet bilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asulin, I.; Yuli, O.; Millo, O.; Koren, G.

2005-01-01

Full Text:Since the ferromagnetic side of a superconductor-ferromagnet junction is spin polarized, Andreev reflections are suppressed. Consequently, the proximity induced superconductor order parameter in the ferromagnet is expected to decay rapidly, on the order of a nm, the typical coherence length in a ferromagnet. Our scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on thin epitaxial (100)YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7+ δ-SrRuO 3 (YBaCuO-SrO) bilayers, where SrO is a ferromagnet, indeed show that on most of the junction area the superconductor order parameter vanishes in the SrO layers thicker than 8 nm. However, we find localized regions, arranged along narrow (< 10 nm) stripes, where the order parameter (superconductor-like gap structure) penetrates the ferromagnet over more than 20 nm. This is attributed to 'Crossed Andreev Reflections,' taking place at domain boundaries, where an electron from one magnetic domain is retro reflected as a hole with opposite spin in an adjacent domain. Our observation may account for the (not abundant) cases where a long-range proximity effect was found in superconductor-ferromagnet proximity systems

The effect of classical and quantum dynamics on vibrational frequency shifts of H2 in clathrate hydrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plattner, Nuria; Meuwly, Markus

2014-01-01

Vibrational frequency shifts of H 2 in clathrate hydrates are important to understand the properties and elucidate details of the clathrate structure. Experimental spectra of H 2 in clathrate hydrates have been measured for different clathrate compositions, temperatures, and pressures. In order to establish reliable relationships between the clathrate structure, dynamics, and observed frequencies, calculations of vibrational frequency shifts in different clathrate environments are required. In this study, a combination of classical molecular dynamics simulations, electronic structure calculations, and quantum dynamical simulation is used to calculate relative vibrational frequencies of H 2 in clathrate hydrates. This approach allows us to assess dynamical effects and simulate the change of vibrational frequencies with temperature and pressure. The frequency distributions of the H 2 vibrations in the different clathrate cage types agree favorably with experiment. Also, the simulations demonstrate that H 2 in the 5 12 cage is more sensitive to the details of the environment and to quantum dynamical effects, in particular when the cage is doubly occupied. We show that for the 5 12 cage quantum effects lead to frequency increases and double occupation is unlikely. This is different for the 5 12 6 4 cages for which higher occupation numbers than one H 2 per cage are likely

Vertical epitaxial wire-on-wire growth of Ge/Si on Si(100) substrate.

Science.gov (United States)

Shimizu, Tomohiro; Zhang, Zhang; Shingubara, Shoso; Senz, Stephan; Gösele, Ulrich

2009-04-01

Vertically aligned epitaxial Ge/Si heterostructure nanowire arrays on Si(100) substrates were prepared by a two-step chemical vapor deposition method in anodic aluminum oxide templates. n-Butylgermane vapor was employed as new safer precursor for Ge nanowire growth instead of germane. First a Si nanowire was grown by the vapor liquid solid growth mechanism using Au as catalyst and silane. The second step was the growth of Ge nanowires on top of the Si nanowires. The method presented will allow preparing epitaxially grown vertical heterostructure nanowires consisting of multiple materials on an arbitrary substrate avoiding undesired lateral growth.

Spin excitations in hole-overdoped iron-based superconductors.

Science.gov (United States)

Horigane, K; Kihou, K; Fujita, K; Kajimoto, R; Ikeuchi, K; Ji, S; Akimitsu, J; Lee, C H

2016-09-12

Understanding the overall features of magnetic excitation is essential for clarifying the mechanism of Cooper pair formation in iron-based superconductors. In particular, clarifying the relationship between magnetism and superconductivity is a central challenge because magnetism may play a key role in their exotic superconductivity. BaFe2As2 is one of ideal systems for such investigation because its superconductivity can be induced in several ways, allowing a comparative examination. Here we report a study on the spin fluctuations of the hole-overdoped iron-based superconductors Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (x = 0.5 and 1.0; Tc = 36 K and 3.4 K, respectively) over the entire Brillouin zone using inelastic neutron scattering. We find that their spin spectra consist of spin wave and chimney-like dispersions. The chimney-like dispersion can be attributed to the itinerant character of magnetism. The band width of the spin wave-like dispersion is almost constant from the non-doped to optimum-doped region, which is followed by a large reduction in the overdoped region. This suggests that the superconductivity is suppressed by the reduction of magnetic exchange couplings, indicating a strong relationship between magnetism and superconductivity in iron-based superconductors.

Structural evolution of Ba{sub 8}Ti{sub 3}Nb{sub 4}O{sub 24} from BaTiO{sub 3} using a series of Ba(Ti{sub 1−5x}Nb{sub 4x})O{sub 3} solid solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barrientos Hernández, F.R., E-mail: frbh68@hotmail.com [Academic Area of Earth Sciences and Materials, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Road Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma zip code 42184, Hidalgo (Mexico); Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ESIQIE, National Polytechnic Institute, UPALM, Zacatenco, Mexico City, zip code 07738 (Mexico); Lira Hernández, I.A. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ESIQIE, National Polytechnic Institute, UPALM, Zacatenco, Mexico City, zip code 07738 (Mexico); Industrial Engineering Department, Technological Institute of Pachuca, Road México-Pachuca km. 87.5, Pachuca de Soto zip code 42080, Hidalgo (Mexico); Gómez Yáñez, C. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ESIQIE, National Polytechnic Institute, UPALM, Zacatenco, Mexico City, zip code 07738 (Mexico); Arenas Flores, A. [Academic Area of Earth Sciences and Materials, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Road Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma zip code 42184, Hidalgo (Mexico); Cabrera Sierra, R. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ESIQIE, National Polytechnic Institute, UPALM, Zacatenco, Mexico City, zip code 07738 (Mexico); Pérez Labra, M. [Academic Area of Earth Sciences and Materials, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Road Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma zip code 42184, Hidalgo (Mexico)

2014-01-15

Highlights: • The evolution phase Ba{sub 8}Ti{sub 3}Nb{sub 4}O{sub 24} was obtained through the mechanism Ba(Ti{sub 1-5x}Nb{sub 4x})O{sub 3}. • Addition of niobium can accelerate grain growth of BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics. • Ba{sub 8}Ti{sub 3}Nb{sub 4}O{sub 24} presents a dielectric loss of 0.0035 and permittivity value of 54.6. • Electrical measurements showed that Nb{sup 5+} content drops Curie temperature. • Samples with x ⩾ 0.0625 shows an insulating behavior. -- Abstract: In this work, the structural evolution of hexagonal phase Ba{sub 8}Ti{sub 3}Nb{sub 4}O{sub 24} by adding Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} to perovskite structure of BaTiO{sub 3} was investigated. The compositions Ba(Ti{sub 1-5x}Nb{sub 4x})O{sub 3} ceramics, with 0.00025 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.125 were prepared by the conventional solid state route in air atmosphere, the powders precursors, BaTiO{sub 3}, BaCO{sub 3} and Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}, were mixed in stoichiometric proportions and ground in a ball mill using alumina balls and acetone. The mixed powders were calcined at temperatures up to 1500 °C. The phase transformation of Ba{sub 8}Ti{sub 3}Nb{sub 4}O{sub 24} from BaTiO{sub 3} was studied by DRX, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, electrical measurements (relative permittivity and P–E hysteresis loops); Rietveld’s refinement was used to structurally characterize the samples. For the devices obtained capacitance was measured at 1 kHz; with these values we calculated the relative permittivity. The samples show typical P–E hysteresis loops at room temperature accompanied by saturation polarization (Ps) and remnant polarization (Pr). The DRX and Rietveld’s refinement results show x ⩽ 0.01 has a ferroelectric behavior. When the doped level is increased x ⩾ 0.02, a peak displacement is observed, this is due to the phase transformation of tetragonal to cubic into the unit cell. Finally, with x = 0.125 the crystal structure transforms to the characteristic hexagonal phase Ba{sub 8}Ti{sub 3}Nb{sub 4}O{sub 24} which

Investigation of magnetic properties of superconductors Y0.98 - x Cax Co0.02 Ba2 Cu3O7 - δ

Science.gov (United States)

Pourasad, Sepideh; Shakeripour, Hamideh; Hosseini, SeyedSajad; Salamati, Hadi

2018-06-01

The effect of Co2+, 3+ and Ca2+ substitution in Y3+ site in YBa2Cu3O7-δ superconductor has been studied. The series of high temperature superconducting samples of Y1-y-xCoyCaxBa2Cu3O7-δ with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.015 and y = 0.020 were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The samples were characterized for phase purity and lattice parameter variations by X-ray diffraction. The AC susceptibility curves, χ'(T), show that in reserving cobalt fixed sample with the optimum Tc, by substitution of divalent Ca2+ at the trivalent Y3+ site no sensitive increasing happen in the superconducting transition temperature.

A Semimetal Model of the Normal State Susceptibility and Transport Properties of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 Superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Sales, Brian; Sefat, Athena; McGuire, Michael; Mandrus, David

2010-03-01

A simple two-band 3D model of a semimetal is constructed to see which normal state features of the Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 superconductors can be qualitatively understood within this framework. The model is able to account in a semiquantitative fashion for the measured magnetic susceptibility, Hall, and Seebeck data, and the low temperature Sommerfeld coefficient for 0 general conclusion from the model is that the magnetic susceptibility of most semimetals should increase with temperatures. This is indeed found to be the case for two well-known semimetals Bi and TiSe2. Research supported by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering.

Vibrational spectroscopic and quantum theoretical study of host-guest interactions in clathrates: I. Hofmann type clathrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

VLADIMIR M. PETRUSEVSKI

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Hofmann type clatharates are host-guest compounds with the general formula M(NH32M'(CN4·2G, in which M(NH32M'(CN4 is the host lattice and G is benzene, the guest molecule. In previous studies, host-guest interactions have been investigated by analyzing the RT and LNT vibrational (infrared, far infrared and Raman spectra of these clathrates. All the observed changes in the vibrational spectra of these clathrates are referred to a host-guest interaction originating from weak hydrogen bonding between the ammonia hydrogen atoms from the host lattice and the p electron cloud of the guest (benzene molecules. In order to obtain an insight into the relative importance of the local crystalline field vs. the anharmonicity effects on the spectroscopic properties of the guest species upon enclathration, as well as to explain the observed band shifts and splittings, several quantum theoretical approaches are proposed.

Diffractive hadron dissociation at 100 and 200 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cool, R.L.; Goulianos, K.; Segler, S.L.; Sticker, H.; White, S.N.

1980-01-01

The M 2 /sub x/ and t dependence of the reaction h + p → X + p (h = π/sup +-/, K/sup +-/, p/sup +-/) were measured at incident momenta of 100 and 200 GeV/c in the kinematic region 0.025 2 and M 2 /sub x//s 2 /sub x/, and agree well with factorization rules. The data were used in combination with elastic scattering data obtained in the same experiment to test the Finite Mass Sum Rule

Heavy atom disorder in the high Tsub(c) superconductor Ba2YCu3Osub(7-delta) studied by means of electron microscopy and electron diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tendeloo, G. van; Okabe, T.; Zandbergen, H.W.; Amelinckx, S.

1987-01-01

It is shown that on rapid cooling of the compound Ba 2 YCu 3 Osub(7-δ) one obtains a highly disordered material in which the perovskite framework is conserved but in which barium and yttrium atoms exhibit a high degree of disorder. This leads to lattice deformations, which can be visualized in the electron microscope. The electron diffraction patterns also reveal the disorder. As-quenched specimens are no longer high Tsub(c) superconductors, but the superconducting properties can be recovered by an adequate heat treatment whereby the vacancies become ordered. (author)

The local structure of high-temperature superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mustre de Leon, J.; Conradson, S.D.; Bishop, A.R.; Raistrick, I.D.

1992-01-01

We show how x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) has been successfully used in the determination of the local crystal structure of high-temperature superconductors, with advantages over traditional diffraction techniques. We review the experimental results that yielded the first evidence for an axial-oxygen-centered lattice instability connected with the superconductivity transition. The interpretation of this instability in terms of a dynamical tunneling model suggests the presence of polarons in these materials. XAFS on Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 and other Tl-based superconductors indicate the presence of local instabilities in the CuO 2 planes of these materials, in addition to axial-oxygen instabilities

Magnetic tri-axial orientation in (Y1-xErx)2Ba4Cu7O15-y superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horii, S.; Okuhira, S.; Yamaki, M.; Haruta, M.; Maeda, T.; Shimoyama, J.

2011-01-01

(Y 1-x Er x ) 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 15-y [(Y,Er)247] was synthesized for clarifying a magnetic role of Er ion. The three magnetization axes of (Y,Er)247 were obtained from tri-axial orientation using a modulated rotation magnetic field. Magnetic anisotropy of Er ion is roughly ten times higher than that for Y247 at room temperature. Importance of rare-earth ions was shown for reduction of required magnetic fields in the tri-axial magnetic orientation. We report the tri-axial grain-orientation effects under a modulated rotation magnetic field for (Y 1-x Er x ) 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O y [(Y, Er)247]. The magnetic easy axis at room temperature was drastically changed around x ∼ 0.1; however, the Er-doping levels for the conversion of magnetic easy axes from the c-axis to the ab-direction and from the a- to b-axes were quite different. Tri-axial single-ion magnetic anisotropy of Er 3+ was roughly 10 times greater than tri-axial magnetic anisotropy generated by both the superconducting CuO 2 plane and the blocking Cu-O chain layer. An appropriate choice of rare-earth (RE) ions in RE-based cuprate superconductors enables the reduction of the required magnetic field for the production of bulks and thick films based on the magnetic orientation technique.

Studies on advanced superconductors for fusion device. Pt. 2. Metallic superconductors other than Nb{sub 3}Sn

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tachikawa, K.; Yamamoto, J.; Mito, T. [eds.

1997-03-01

A comprehensive report on the present status of the development of Nb{sub 3}Sn superconductors was published as the NIFS-MEMO-20 in March, 1996 (Part 1 of this report series). The second report of this study covers various progress so far achieved in the research and development on advanced metallic superconductors other than Nb{sub 3}Sn. Among different A15 crystal-type compounds, Nb{sub 3}Al has been fabricated into cables with large current-carrying capacity for fusion device referring its smaller sensitivity to mechanical strain than Nb{sub 3}Sn. Other high-field A15 superconductors, e.g. V{sub 3}Ga, Nb{sub 3}Ge and Nb{sub 3}(Al,Ge), have been also fabricated through different novel processes as promising alternatives to Nb{sub 3}Sn conductors. Meanwhile, B1 crystal-type NbN and C15 crystal-type V{sub 2}(Hf,Zr) high-field superconductors are characterized by their excellent tolerance to mechanical strain and neutron irradiation. Chevrel-type PbMo{sub 6}S{sub 8} compound has gained much interests due to its extremely high upper critical field. In addition, this report includes the recent progress in ultra-fine filamentary NbTi wires for AC use, and that in NbTi/Cu magnetic shields necessary in the application of high magnetic field. The data on the decay of radioactivity in a variety of metals relating to fusion superconducting magnet are also attached as appendices. We hope that this report might contribute substantially as a useful reference for the planning of fusion apparatus of next generation as well as that of other future superconducting devices. (author)

Cryogenic operation of a 24 GHz MMIC SiGe HBT medium power amplifier

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin, Guoxuan; Jiang, Ningyue; Seo, Jung-Hun; Cho, Namki; Van der Weide, Daniel; Ma, Zhenqiang; Ponchak, George E; Ma, Pingxi; Stetson, Scott; Racanelli, Marco

2010-01-01

The performance of a SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) millimetre-wave power amplifier (PA) operating at cryogenic temperature was reported and analysed for the first time. A 24 GHz two-stage medium PA employing common-emitter and common-base SiGe power HBTs in the first and the second stage, respectively, showed a significant power gain increase at 77 K in comparison with that measured at room temperature. Detailed analyses indicate that cryogenic operation of SiGe HBT-based PAs mainly affects (improves) the performance of the SiGe HBTs in the circuits due to transconductance enhancement through magnified, favourable changes of SiGe bandgap due to cooling (ΔE g /kT) and minimized thermal effects, with little influence on the passive components of the circuits

Inter-row Adsorption Configuration and Stability of Threonine Adsorbed on the Ge(100) Surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Myungjin; Park, Youngchan; Jeong, Hyuk; Lee, Hangil

2013-01-01

The adsorption structures of threonine on the Ge(100) surface were investigated using core-level photoemission spectroscopy (CLPES) in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. CLPES measurements were performed to identify the experimentally preferred adsorption structure. The preferred structure indicated the relative reactivities of the carboxyl and hydroxymethyl groups as electron donors to the Ge(100) surface during adsorption. The core-level C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s CLPES spectra indicated that the carboxyl oxygen competed more strongly with the hydroxymethyl oxygen during the adsorption reaction. Three among six possible adsorption structures were identified as energetically favorable using DFT calculation methods that considered the inter- and intra-bonding configurations upon adsorption onto the Ge(100) surface. These structures were O-H dissociated N dative inter bonding, O-H dissociated N dative intra bonding, O-H dissociation bonding. One of the adsorption structures: O-H dissociated N dative inter bonding was predicted to be stable in light of the transition state energies. We thus confirmed that the most favorable adsorption structure is the O-H dissociated N dative-inter bonding structure using CLPES and DFT calculation

Tricrystal tunneling evidence for d-wave pairing symmetry in cuprate superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuei, C.C.; Kirtley, J.R.

1997-01-01

Strong evidence for d-wave pairing symmetry in high-temperature superconductors such as YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+δ has been obtained by monitoring the presence or absence of the half-integer flux quantum effect in various controlled - orientation tricrystal superconducting systems. New results of a tricrystal tunneling experiment with Gd Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 will also be presented. (orig.)

24 CFR 100.204 - Reasonable accommodations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Reasonable accommodations. 100.204 Section 100.204 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development OFFICE... dog. The building has a no pets policy. It is a violation of § 100.204 for the owner or manager of the...

Silicon clathrates for lithium ion batteries: A perspective

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Warrier, Pramod; Koh, Carolyn A.

2016-01-01

Development of novel energy storage techniques is essential for the development of sustainable energy resources. Li-ion batteries have the highest rated energy density among rechargeable batteries and have attracted a lot of attention for energy storage in the last 15–20 years. However, significant advancements are required in anode materials before Li-ion batteries become viable for a wide variety of applications, including in renewable energy storage, grid storage, and electric vehicles. While graphite is the current standard anode material in commercial Li-ion batteries, it is Si that exhibits the highest specific energy density among all materials considered for this purpose. Si, however, suffers from significant volume expansion/contraction and the formation of a thick solid-electrolyte interface layer. To resolve these issues, Si clathrates are being considered for anode materials. Clathrates are inclusion compounds and contain cages in which Li could be captured. While Si clathrates offer promising advantages due to their caged structure which enables negligible volume change upon Li insertion, there remains scientific challenges and knowledge gaps to be overcome before these materials can be utilized for Li-ion battery applications, i.e., understanding lithiation/de-lithiation mechanisms, optimizing guest concentrations, as well as safe and economic synthesis routes.

Silicon clathrates for lithium ion batteries: A perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Warrier, Pramod; Koh, Carolyn A.

2016-12-01

Development of novel energy storage techniques is essential for the development of sustainable energy resources. Li-ion batteries have the highest rated energy density among rechargeable batteries and have attracted a lot of attention for energy storage in the last 15-20 years. However, significant advancements are required in anode materials before Li-ion batteries become viable for a wide variety of applications, including in renewable energy storage, grid storage, and electric vehicles. While graphite is the current standard anode material in commercial Li-ion batteries, it is Si that exhibits the highest specific energy density among all materials considered for this purpose. Si, however, suffers from significant volume expansion/contraction and the formation of a thick solid-electrolyte interface layer. To resolve these issues, Si clathrates are being considered for anode materials. Clathrates are inclusion compounds and contain cages in which Li could be captured. While Si clathrates offer promising advantages due to their caged structure which enables negligible volume change upon Li insertion, there remains scientific challenges and knowledge gaps to be overcome before these materials can be utilized for Li-ion battery applications, i.e., understanding lithiation/de-lithiation mechanisms, optimizing guest concentrations, as well as safe and economic synthesis routes.

Silicon clathrates for lithium ion batteries: A perspective

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Warrier, Pramod, E-mail: pramod.warrier@gmail.com; Koh, Carolyn A. [Center for Hydrate Research, Chemical & Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 (United States)

2016-12-15

Development of novel energy storage techniques is essential for the development of sustainable energy resources. Li-ion batteries have the highest rated energy density among rechargeable batteries and have attracted a lot of attention for energy storage in the last 15–20 years. However, significant advancements are required in anode materials before Li-ion batteries become viable for a wide variety of applications, including in renewable energy storage, grid storage, and electric vehicles. While graphite is the current standard anode material in commercial Li-ion batteries, it is Si that exhibits the highest specific energy density among all materials considered for this purpose. Si, however, suffers from significant volume expansion/contraction and the formation of a thick solid-electrolyte interface layer. To resolve these issues, Si clathrates are being considered for anode materials. Clathrates are inclusion compounds and contain cages in which Li could be captured. While Si clathrates offer promising advantages due to their caged structure which enables negligible volume change upon Li insertion, there remains scientific challenges and knowledge gaps to be overcome before these materials can be utilized for Li-ion battery applications, i.e., understanding lithiation/de-lithiation mechanisms, optimizing guest concentrations, as well as safe and economic synthesis routes.

RE-Ba-Cu-O for high functional superconducting permanent magnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoo, S.I.; Higuchi, T.; Sakai, N.; Murakami, M.; Fujimoto, H.

1998-01-01

Among various potential applications of melt-textured RE-Ba-Cu-O (REBCO, RE: rare earth elements) superconductors, we have examined the bulk application as the superconducting permanent magnet, especially for the magnetically-levitated (MAGLEV) train. Compared with Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO), oxygen-controlled melt-growth (OCMG)-processed LREBCO (LRE: light rare earth elements) bulk superconductors are more promising for this application because of larger critical current density (J c ) values in high field and higher irreversibility field (B irr ) within the range of the liquid nitrogen refrigeration (63-77 K), implying that even higher trapped fields (B t ) are achievable in principle. In this paper, material requirements of superconducting bulks for the MAGLEV train are first presented and then processing aspects for the fabrication of good LREBCO bulks are described. (orig.)

Superconductors made of niobium germanide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Newkirk, L.R.; Valencia, F.A.

1976-01-01

This invention concerns the superconductors and particularly the mass coatings of niobium germanide (Nb 3 Ge) exhibiting superconductor properties, as well as the compositions enabling them to be obtained, having transition temperatures of around 20 0 K or more. The invention proposes a composition of a material of the general formula Nb 3 Ge, containing from around 1 to around 10 at. % oxygen. Preferably, the material contains around 5 at. % of oxygen. The invention also proposes fabricated articles in which the compositions described above are associated with and joined to a metallic substrate. Hence, for instance, the present studies involving a superconducting power transmission line for direct current make it possible to envisage the use of conductors placed in a double envelope, enabling the superconducting element transmitting the current to be carried, whilst containing the cryogenic coolant. In this type of design, the coat of superconducting material surrounds a tube containing liquid helium or possibly liquid hydrogen if a sufficiently high superconduction transition temperature can be reached. The tube must be a good heat and electricity conductor in order to achieve good stability of the superconducting coating [fr

An ir study of M(1-propanethiol)2Ni(CN)4.G (M=Cd,Ni and G=benzene) clathrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kartal, Z.; Tuerkoz, D.; Bahceli, S.

2004-01-01

Two Hofmann-propanethiol-type clathrates of the for M(1-propanethiol) 2 Ni(CN) 4 .G (M=Cd or Ni; G = benzene) have been prepared in the powder form. The 1-propanethiol (1-PT) molecules provide the cavities in which the quest benzene molecules in clathrate structure ar accommodated. The infrared investigations of the obtained clathrates indicate that these compounds are similar in structure to the other Hofmann-type clathrates (Authors)

Enhancement of magnetic coupling between permanent magnets and bulk superconductors through iron embedding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seki, H.; Kurabayashi, H.; Suzuki, A.; Ikeda, M.; Akiyama, S.; Murakami, M.

2009-01-01

Magnetic torque can be transferred without contact through the coupling of permanent magnets (PM) and bulk superconductors (BSC). For this purpose, permanent magnets should have multiple pole configuration like NSNS. The magnitude of the transferable torque depends on the field strength and the gap between PM and BSC. It was found that the torque decays quickly with the gap. In order to enhance the strength of transferable magnetic torque, we prepared bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors for which Fe bars are embedded. Holes about 1 mm in diameter were mechanically drilled into bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O, and Fe bars about 0.9 mm in diameter were inserted followed by impregnation of Bi-Pb-Sn alloys with low melting points. The composite of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Fe bars attract magnetic fields generated from permanent magnet before cooling, and thereby magnetic coupling will be improved. We have found that the magnetic torque force can be greatly enhanced through iron embedding.

Distribution of local magnetic field of vortex lattice near anisotropic superconductor surface in inclined external fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Efremova, S.A.; Tsarevskij, S.L.

1997-01-01

Magnetic field distribution in a unit cell of the Abrikosov vortex lattice near the surface of monoaxial anisotropic type-ii superconductors in inclined external magnetic field has been found in the framework of London model for the cases when the symmetry axis is perpendicular and parallel to the superconductor surface interface. Distribution of local magnetic field as a function of the distance from the superconductor interface surface and external field inclination angle has been obtained. Using high-Tc superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O by way of examples, it has been shown that the study of local magnetic field distribution function, depending on external magnetic field inclination angle towards the superconductor symmetry axis and towards the superconductor surface, can provide important data on anisotropic properties of the superconductor [ru

Characterization of the insulator barrier and the superconducting transition temperature in GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/BaTiO3 bilayers for application in tunnel junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Navarro, H.; Sirena, M.; Haberkorn, N.; Yang, Ilkyu; Kim, Jeehoon

2015-01-01

The optimization of the superconducting properties in a bottom electrode and the quality of an insulator barrier are the first steps in the development of superconductor/insulator/superconductor tunnel junctions. Here, we study the quality of a BaTiO 3 tunnel barrier deposited on a 16 nm thick GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ thin film by using conductive atomic force microscopy. We find that the tunnel current is systematically reduced (for equal applied voltage) by increasing the BaTiO 3 barrier thickness between 1.6 and 4 nm. The BaTiO 3 layers present an energy barrier of ≈1.2 eV and an attenuation length of 0.35–0.5 nm (depending on the applied voltage). The GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ electrode is totally covered by a BaTiO 3 thickness above 3 nm. The presence of ferroelectricity was verified by piezoresponse force microscopy for a 4 nm thick BaTiO 3 top layer. The superconducting transition temperature of the bilayers is systematically suppressed by increasing the BaTiO 3 thickness. This fact can be associated with stress at the interface and a reduction of the orthorhombicity of the GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ . The reduction in the orthorhombicity is expected by considering the interface mismatch and it can also be affected by reduced oxygen stoichiometry (poor oxygen diffusion across the BaTiO 3 barrier)

Fabrication of SrGe2 thin films on Ge (100), (110), and (111) substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Imajo, T.; Toko, K.; Takabe, R.; Saitoh, N.; Yoshizawa, N.; Suemasu, T.

2018-01-01

Semiconductor strontium digermanide (SrGe2) has a large absorption coefficient in the near-infrared light region and is expected to be useful for multijunction solar cells. This study firstly demonstrates the formation of SrGe2 thin films via a reactive deposition epitaxy on Ge substrates. The growth morphology of SrGe2 dramatically changed depending on the growth temperature (300-700 °C) and the crystal orientation of the Ge substrate. We succeeded in obtaining single-oriented SrGe2 using a Ge (110) substrate at 500 °C. Development on Si or glass substrates will lead to the application of SrGe2 to high-efficiency thin-film solar cells.

Exploring FeSe-based superconductors by liquid ammonia method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ying Tian-Ping; Wang Gang; Jin Shi-Feng; Shen Shi-Jie; Zhang Han; Zhou Ting-Ting; Lai Xiao-Fang; Wang Wan-Yan; Chen Xiao-Long

2013-01-01

Our recent progress on the preparation of a series of new FeSe-based superconductors and the clarification of SC phases in potassium-intercalated iron selenides are reviewed here. By the liquid ammonia method, metals Li, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Yb are intercalated in between FeSe layers and form superconductors with transition temperatures of 30 K∼46 K, which cannot be obtained by high-temperature routes. In the potassium-intercalated iron selenides, we demonstrate that at least two SC phases exist, K x Fe 2 Se 2 (NH 3 ) y (x ≈ 0.3 and 0.6), determined mainly by the concentration of potassium. NH 3 has little, if any, effect on superconductivity, but plays an important role in stabilizing the structures. All these results provide a new starting point for studying the intrinsic properties of this family of superconductors, especially for their particular electronic structures. (topical review - iron-based high temperature superconductors)

Superconductivity and ceramic superconductors II; Proceedings of the Symposium, Orlando, FL, Nov. 12-15, 1990. Ceramic transactions. Vol. 18

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nair, K.M.; Balachandran, U.; Chiang, Y.-M.; Bhalla, A.S.

1991-01-01

The present symposium on superconductivity and ceramic superconductors discusses fundamentals and general principles, powder processing and properties, fabrication and properties, and device reliability and applications. Attention is given to phase formation in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system, comparative defect studies in La2CuO4 and La2NiO4, solid solution and defect behavior in high Tc oxides, oxygen ion transport and disorder in cuprates, and Sr-free Bi-Ln-Ca-Cu-O superconductors. Topics addressed include the preparation of superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O powder by single-step calcining in air, low-temperature synthesis of YBa2Cu3O(7-x), synthesis of high-phase purity ceramic oxide superconductors by the xerogel method, and the preparation and characterization of the BYa2Cu4O8 superconductor. Also discussed are optical studies of humidity-based corrosion effects on thin film and bulk ceramic YBa2Cu3O(7-delta), thermomechanical processing of YBa2Cu3O(x)/Ag sheathed wires, and the expansion of high-Tc superconducting ceramics

Effect of a Stepped Si(100) Surface on the Nucleation Process of Ge Islands

Science.gov (United States)

Yesin, M. Yu.; Nikiforov, A. I.; Timofeev, V. A.; Mashanov, V. I.; Tuktamyshev, A. R.; Loshkarev, I. D.; Pchelyakov, O. P.

2018-03-01

Nucleation of Ge islands on a stepped Si(100) surface is studied. It is shown by diffraction of fast electrons that at a temperature of 600°C, constant flux of Si, and deposition rate of 0.652 Å/s, a series of the 1×2 superstructure reflections completely disappears, if the Si (100) substrate deviated by an angle of 0.35° to the (111) face is preliminarily heated to 1000°C. The disappearance of the 1×2 superstructure reflexes is due to the transition from the surface with monoatomic steps to that with diatomic ones. Investigations of the Ge islands' growth were carried out on the Si(100) surface preliminarily annealed at temperatures of 800 and 1000°C. It is shown that the islands tend to nucleate at the step edges.

XES studies of density of states of high temperature superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Jasiolek, Gabriel

1991-01-01

X-ray emission spectroscopic studies concerning the superconducting crystals, thin films, and ceramics of the Y-Ba-Cu-O, Tm-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O types are presented. The contributions of the 13d(9)L, 13d(10)L, 13d(10)LL, and 13d(10)L(2) configurations, where L denotes a ligand hole at the oxygen orbitals in the spectroscopic pattern of these superconductors are discussed. An attempt to connect the x-ray 'as registered' Cu L(alpha) emission spectra with the density of states close to the Fermi level, considering an influence of the CuL3 absorption edge, is presented. The corrected intensity distributions below the Fermi level are found to correspond to the theoretical density of states. Furthermore, an approach to the average valence of copper basing on the account of the self-absorption and fluorescence effects and on the configurations listed above is shown. The average valence of copper in the materials investigated is estimated to lie in the range of +2.10 to 2.32 when the formal trivalent copper is considered as that characterized by the 13d(9)L configuration. The density of states at the Fermi level was estimated to be 2.4 states/eV-cell for a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O crystal and 3.6 states/eV-cell for a Tl-Ba-Ca-CU-O ceramic.

Thermodynamic studies on semi-clathrate hydrates of TBAB + gases containing carbon dioxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eslamimanesh, Ali

2012-01-01

CO 2 capture has become an important area of research mainly due to its drastic greenhouse effects. Gas hydrate formation as a separation technique shows tremendous potential, both from a physical feasibility as well as an envisaged lower energy utilization criterion. Briefly, gas (clathrate) hydrates are non-stoichiometric, ice-like crystalline compounds formed through a combination of water and suitably sized guest molecule(s) under low-temperatures and elevated pressures. As the pressure required for gas hydrate formation is generally high, therefore, aqueous solution of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) is added to the system as a gas hydrate promoter. TBAB generally reduces the required hydrate formation pressure and/or increases the formation temperature as well as modifies the selectivity of hydrate cages to capture CO 2 molecules. TBAB also takes part in the hydrogen-bonded cages. Such hydrates are called 'semi-clathrate' hydrates. Evidently, reliable and accurate phase equilibrium data, acceptable thermodynamic models, and other thermodynamic studies should be provided to design efficient separation processes using the aforementioned technology. For this purpose, phase equilibria of clathrate/semi-clathrate hydrates of various gas mixtures containing CO 2 (CO 2 + CH 4 /N 2 /H 2 ) in the presence of pure water and aqueous solutions of TBAB have been measured in this thesis. In the theoretical section of the thesis, a thermodynamic model on the basis of the van der Waals and Platteeuw (vdW-P) solid solution theory along with the modified equations for determination of the Langmuir constants of the hydrate formers has been successfully developed to represent/predict equilibrium conditions of semi-clathrate hydrates of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 . Later, several thermodynamic consistency tests on the basis of Gibbs-Duhem equation as well as a statistical approach have been applied on the phase equilibrium data of the systems of mixed/simple clathrate hydrates

Inhomogeneous superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tinkham, M.

1978-01-01

The coherence length xi and penetration depth lambda set the characteristic length scales in superconductors, typically 100 to 5,000 A. A lattice of flux lines, each carrying a single quantum, can penetrate type II superconductors, i.e., those for which kappa identical with lambda/xi > 1/√2. Inhomogeneities on the scale of the flux lattice spacing are required to pin the lattice to prevent dissipative flux motion. Recent work using voids as pinning centers has demonstrated this principle, but practical materials rely on cold-work, inclusions of second phases, etc., to provide the inhomogeneity. For stability against thermal fluctuations, the superconductor should have the form of many filaments of diameter 10 to 100 μm imbedded in a highly conductive normal metal matrix. Such wire is made by drawing down billets of copper containing rods of the superconductor. An alternative approach is the metallurgical one of Tsuei, which leads to thousands of superconducting filamentary segments in a copper matrix. The superconducting proximity effect causes the whole material to superconduct at low current densities. At high current densities, the range of the proximity effect is reduced so that the effective superconducting volume fraction falls below the percolation threshold, and a finite resistance arises from the copper matrix. But, because of the extremely elongated filaments, this resistance is orders of magnitude lower than that of the normal wire, and low enough to permit the possibility of technical applications

X-ray photo-emission studies of Cu1-xTlxBa2Ca3Cu4O12-y superconductor thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Nawazish A.; Mumtaz, M.; Ahadian, M.M.; Iraji-zad, Azam

2006-01-01

X-ray photo-emission spectroscopy (XPS) studies of Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 12-y superconductor thin films have been carried out for understanding the mechanism of superconductivity and to find out the reasons for the increase of zero resistivity critical temperature T c (R = 0) with post-annealing in a nitrogen atmosphere. It is observed from these studies that reduction of charge state of thallium is a source of doping of carriers to the CuO 2 planes. The reduced charge state of thallium (i.e. Tl 1+ ) promotes lower oxygen concentration in the charge reservoir layer, which possibly results in movement of electrons to the conducting CuO 2 planes. The higher density of electrons in the CuO 2 planes optimizes the hole concentration 'n p ' in these planes. The reduced charge state of thallium in the Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 O 4-δ charge reservoir layer is also supported by a shift of the Ba 3d 5/2 and Ba 3d 3/2 XPS lines to lower binding energies with post-annealing in nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, the movement of the valance band spectrum to lower binding energies suggested that the electronic density of states changes in the valance band with the post-annealing in nitrogen, which possibly becomes a source of doping of carriers to the CuO 2 planes. The increased doping of electrons to the CuO 2 planes optimizes the Fermi-vector K F and Fermi-velocity V F of the carriers and increases the T c (R = 0) of final compound

Electronic structure of BaFe2As2 as obtained from DFT/ASW first-principles calculations

KAUST Repository

Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Di Paola, Cono

2010-01-01

We use ab-initio calculations based on the augmented spherical wave method within density functional theory to study the magnetic ordering and Fermi surface of BaFe2As2, the parent compound of the hole-doped iron pnictide superconductors (K,Ba)Fe2As

Experiments on the rf surface resistance of the perovskite superconductors at 3 GHz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hein, M.; Klein, N.; Mueller, G.; Piel, H.; Roeth, R.W.

1988-01-01

Since the discovery of the perovskite superconductors many experiments to explore their physical properties have been performed and various potential applications have been considered. The high critical temperature of more than 90 K obtained with Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-δ/ (Y may be substituted by other rare earth elements) makes these superconductors interesting for applications in microwave technology. This has focused the authors interest on the investigation of their rf properties. Due to the sensitivity of the rf surface resistance to surface impurities and remaining non superconducting phases rf measurements are a good means to provide useful information about the quality of sample preparation and about physical properties of the superconductor itself. This contribution reports on the experimental determination of the rf surface resistance of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-δ/ and Eu 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-δ/ in the normal and superconducting state at 3 GHz. In the first chapter the preparation of the ceramic samples and initial dc experiments are described. The main part of the paper describes the rf measurements which are performed in a superconducting niobium host cavity. The obtained results for both the surface resistance and the high field performance are discussed with respect to the preparation of the samples and regarding possible applications. 7 references, 7 figures, 2 tables

Advantageous grain boundaries in iron pnictide superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Katase, Takayoshi; Ishimaru, Yoshihiro; Tsukamoto, Akira; Hiramatsu, Hidenori; Kamiya, Toshio; Tanabe, Keiichi; Hosono, Hideo

2011-01-01

High critical temperature superconductors have zero power consumption and could be used to produce ideal electric power lines. The principal obstacle in fabricating superconducting wires and tapes is grain boundaries—the misalignment of crystalline orientations at grain boundaries, which is unavoidable for polycrystals, largely deteriorates critical current density. Here we report that high critical temperature iron pnictide superconductors have advantages over cuprates with respect to these grain boundary issues. The transport properties through well-defined bicrystal grain boundary junctions with various misorientation angles (θGB) were systematically investigated for cobalt-doped BaFe2As2 (BaFe2As2:Co) epitaxial films fabricated on bicrystal substrates. The critical current density through bicrystal grain boundary (JcBGB) remained high (>1 MA cm−2) and nearly constant up to a critical angle θc of ∼9°, which is substantially larger than the θc of ∼5° for YBa2Cu3O7–δ. Even at θGB>θc, the decay of JcBGB was much slower than that of YBa2Cu3O7–δ. PMID:21811238

Paraffin molecule mobility in channel clathrates of urea on spectroscopic NMR relaxation data

CERN Document Server

Kriger, Y G; Chekhova, G N

2001-01-01

The temperature dependences of the protons spin-lattice relaxation time (T sub I) in the channel clathrates of urea with paraffins are measured. The data on the T sub I are interpreted within the frames of the model of the paraffins molecules and their fragments orientation in the clathrate channels. The dynamics peculiarities are connected with the disproportion effects of these compounds

Effects of artificial holes in very large single-grain Y_1_._5Ba_2Cu_3O_7_-_y bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, S. D.; Jun, B. H.; Kim, C. J.; Park, H. W.

2017-01-01

The effects of artificial holes on the trapped magnetic fields and magnetic levitation forces of very large single-grain Y_1_._5Ba_2Cu_3O_7_-_y (Y1.5) bulk superconductors were studied. Artificial holes were made for Y1.5 powder compacts by die pressing using cylindrical dies with a diameter of 30 mm or 40 m, or rectangular dies with a side length of 50 mm. The single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors (25 mm, 33 mm in diameter and 42 mm in side length) with artificial holes were fabricated using a top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process for the die-pressed Y1.5 powder compacts. The magnetic levitation forces at 77 K of the 25 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with one (diameters of 4.2 mm) or six artificial holes (diameters of 2.5 mm) were 10-17% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The trapped magnetic fields at 77 K of the Y1.5 samples with artificial holes were also 9.6-18% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The 33 mm and 42 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with artificial holes (2.5 mm and 4.2 mm in diameter) also showed trapped magnetic fields 10-13% higher than that of the Y1.5 samples without artificial holes in spite of the reduced superconducting volume fraction due to the presence of artificial holes. The property enhancement in the large single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors appears to be attributed to the formation of the pore-free regions near the artificial holes and the homogeneous oxygen distribution in the large Y123 grains

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of clathrate compound Pr3Pd20Ge6

Science.gov (United States)

Matsumoto, K.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Iwakami, O.; Ono, T.; Abe, S.; Ano, G.; Akatsu, M.; Mitsumoto, K.; Nemoto, Y.; Goto, T.; Takeda, N.; Kitazawa, H.

2018-03-01

In Pr3Pd20Ge6, the Pr ions are located at two different crystallographic sites, 4a and 8c site. Antiferro-quadrupole ordering (AFQ) of the 8c site occurs at 250 mK. Ac susceptibility measurement indicated that antiferromagnetic ordering (AFM) of the 4a site and Hyperfine-enhanced Pr nuclear magnetic ordering of the 8c site occur at 77 and 9 mK, respectively. To clarify the magnetic and quadrupole properties of Pr3Pd20Ge6, thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements on single crystal sample were carried out along the [001] direction up to 8 T down to 500 μK using a capacitive dilatometer. In zero field, relative length change ΔL/L in [001] direction had a dip at AFQ and abrupt decrease at AFM ordering. From thermal expansion and isothermal magnetostriction measurements, magnetic phase diagram of Pr3Pd20Ge6 along [001] direction was obtained.

Collagen tissue treated with chitosan solution in H2O/CO2 mixtures: Influence of clathrates hydrates on the structure and mechanical properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Chaschin, Ivan S; Bakuleva, Natalia P; Grigoriev, Timofei E; Krasheninnikov, Sergey V; Nikitin, Lev N

2017-03-01

A mixture of water/carbon dioxide is a "green" perspective solvent from the viewpoint of biomedical applications. Clathrate hydrates are formed this solvent under certain conditions and a very interesting question is the impact of clathrates hydrates on the structure and properties of bovine pericardium, which is used in biomedicine, in particular as a main part of biological heart valve prostheses. The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of clathrates on the structure and mechanical properties of the collagen tissue treated with chitosan in H 2 O/CO 2 mixtures under pressure 3.0-3.5MPa and temperatures 2-4°C. It was first found that the clathrate hydrates in this media due to the strong fluctuations "bomb" collagen tissue of bovine pericardium, which is manifested in the appearance of numerous small gaps (pores) with mean size of 225±25nm and large pores with size of 1-3μ on the surface and within collagen matrices. High porosity leads to averaging characteristics of the organization structure in tissues with different orientation of the collagen fibers. As a result, the mechanical properties of the collagen tissue with a different orientation of the collagen fibrils become similar, which is quite different from their original properties. The structural changes caused by the influence of the environment clathrate hydrates led to a significant decrease of the tensile strength (30-47% in total, p<0.05) and initial elastic moduli (74-83%, p<0.05). However, the final elastic moduli and the maximum tensile virtually unchanged compared to the control. Nevertheless, it was found that the direct deposition of chitosan from the H 2 O/CO 2 mixtures with clathrate improve the mechanical-strength properties of the porous matrices. We believe that these improved mechanical properties are achieved due to particularly deep and uniform impregnation of the collagen matrix with chitosan from its pressurized solutions in H 2 O/CO 2 mixtures. Copyright © 2016

Formation of YxNd1-xBa2Cu3O7-δ (0≤x≤0.9) superconductors from an undercooled melt via aero-acoustic levitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gustafson, D.E.; Hofmeister, W.H.; Bayuzick, R.J.; Nagashio, K.; Kuribayashi, K.

2003-01-01

This paper presents the results of rapid solidification experiments performed on the copper oxide superconductors Y x Nd 1-x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (0≤x≤0.9). Spherical rare earth (RE) 123 specimens were levitated in O 2 using aero-acoustic levitation (AAL), melted with a laser, undercooled, and solidified. The peritectic transformation temperature for the reaction RE 2 BaCuO 5 +liquid→REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ corresponding to the maximum recalescence temperature during solidification was determined. RE123 was formed directly from the melt for Y-Nd binary alloy compositions with Nd concentration greater than 20% (Y concentration less than 80%). A minimum in the peritectic transformation temperature for the Nd/Y123 system corresponding to a composition Y 0.3 Nd 0.7 123 was determined at 66 deg. C below the peritectic of pure Nd123

Hydrogen storage in clathrate hydrates: Current state of the art and future directions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Veluswamy, Hari Prakash; Kumar, Rajnish; Linga, Praveen

2014-01-01

Hydrogen is looked upon as the next generation clean energy carrier, search for an efficient material and method for storing hydrogen has been pursued relentlessly. Improving hydrogen storage capacity to meet DOE targets has been challenging and research efforts are continuously put forth to achieve the set targets and to make hydrogen storage a commercially realizable process. This review comprehensively summarizes the state of the art experimental work conducted on the storage of hydrogen as hydrogen clathrates both at the molecular level and macroscopic level. It identifies future directions and challenges for this exciting area of research. Hydrogen storage capacities of different clathrate structures – sI, sII, sH, sVI and semi clathrates have been compiled and presented. In addition, promising new approaches for increasing hydrogen storage capacity have been described. Future directions for achieving increased hydrogen storage and process scale up have been outlined. Despite few limitations in storing hydrogen in the form of clathrates, this domain receives prominent attention due to more environmental-friendly method of synthesis, easy recovery of molecular hydrogen with minimum energy requirement, and improved safety of the process

Inverse isotope effect in iron-based superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shirage, Parasharam M.; Kihou, Kunihiro; Miyazawa, Kiichi; Lee, Chul-Ho; Kito, Hijiri; Yoshida, Yoshiyuki; Eisaki, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Yasumoto; Iyo, Akira

2010-01-01

We have found that (Ba, K)Fe 2 As 2 superconductor (a transition temperature, T c ∼ 38 K) shows an inverse Iron isotope effect (α Fe = -0.18 ± 0.03, where T c ∼ M -αFe and M is the iron isotope mass), i.e. the sample containing the larger iron mass depicts higher T c . Systematic studies using three types of Fe-isotopes ( 54 Fe, natural Fe and 57 Fe) reveal a clear inverse shift on T c by measurements of temperature dependent magnetization and resistivity. The inverse isotope effect that is the first case in high-T c superconductors strongly suggests that superconducting mechanism of the iron-based system is not explained by conventional BCS theory mediated by phonons.

Measurement of Clathrate Hydrate Thermodynamic Stability in the Presence of Ammonia

Science.gov (United States)

Dunham, Marc

2012-01-01

There is a lack of data available for the stability of clathrate hydrates in the presence of ammonia for low-to-moderate pressures in the 0-10 MPa range. Providing such data will allow for a better understanding of natural mass transfer processes on celestial bodies like Titan and Enceladus, on which destabilization of clathrates may be responsible for replenishment of gases in the atmosphere. The experimental process utilizes a custom-built gas handling system (GHS) and a cryogenic calorimeter to allow for the efficient testing of samples under varying pressures and gas species.

PR IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS - INSULATING PLANES, METALLIC CHAINS

NARCIS (Netherlands)

KHOMSKII, D

Critical discussion is given of the properties of Pr-containing high-T(c) superconductors, especially Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7. It is argued that the models proposed to explain suppression of T(c) and other properties of this system (pairbreaking; hole filling; strong p-f hybridization) are inadequate and

Phase relations in the pseudobinary BaO-PbO2 system. Part 1: synthesis and characterization of compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rama Rao, G.V.; Suganthi, S.; Asokamani, R.; Azad, A.M.; Sreedharan, O.M.

1993-01-01

The compounds BaPbO 3 and Ba 2 PbO 4 are among the important basic materials for the copper less ceramic superconductors. Hence it was necessary to identify the best process of synthesis with optimum process temperature. For this purpose preparation of BaPbO 3 and Ba 2 PbO 4 was carried out by solid-state, solid-solution and sol-gel processes. Products so synthesised were characterized by x-ray diffraction, infra red spectroscopy and thermal analyses. Particle size measurements were carried out by He-Ne laser light scattering technique for a possible correlation with sintering behaviour. Merits and limitations of the different processes were compared. The reaction process was studied by thermal analysis (TG and DTA) and infra red spectroscopy. The solid solution process has reduced the formation temperature by a margin of 200-300 deg to a value of 773K compared to other methods. The sol-gel processing approach did not favour the formation of Ba 2 PbO 4 . While solid solution route appears to be the best for synthesis of pure B 2 PbO 4 , sol-gel processes are most appropriate for synthesizing BaPbO 3 with very fine particle size distribution. (author). 24 refs., 3 figs., 4 tabs

The defect structure of ceramic high Tc superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Tendeloo, G.; Amelinckx, S.; Zandbergen, H.W.; Verwerft, M.

1989-01-01

In this paper an overview is given of electron microscopy studies on the different ceramic superconductors: YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , Bi(Tl)-Sr(Ba)- Ca-Cu-O and Pb 2 Sr 2 Y 0.5 Ca 0.5 Cu 3 O x . Planar defects in these materials play an important role in the superconducting properties. Their structural characteristics are discussed

Fabrication and characterization of LRE.sub.1+x./sub.Ba.sub.2-x./sub.Cu.sub.3./sub.O.sub.y./sub. (LRE:Nd, Eu, Gd,NEG) superconductors:a low oxygen partial pressure

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Muralidhar, M.; Sakai, N.; Jirsa, Miloš; Murakami, M.

378-381, - (2002), s. 646-650 ISSN 0921-4534. [International Symposium on Superconductors /14./. Kobe, 25.09.2001-27.09.2001] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA1010919 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : melt processing * microstructure * critical current density (J c ) * flux pinning * LRE-Ba2Cu3Oy Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.912, year: 2002

Chalcogenidosilicates: Ba/sub 2/SiTe/sub 4/ and Ba/sub 2/SiSe/sub 4/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brinkmann, C; Eisenmann, B; Schaefer, H [Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (Germany, F.R.). Fachbereich Anorganische Chemie und Kernchemie

1985-05-01

The new compounds Ba/sub 2/SiSe/sub 4/ and Ba/sub 2/SiTe/sub 4/ crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group: P2/sub 1//m (No. 11) with the lattice constants Ba/sub 2/SiSe/sub 4/: a = 918.4(5) pm, b = 703.3(3) pm, c = 687.2(3) pm, ..beta.. = 109.2(1)/sup 0/, Ba/sub 2/SiTe/sub 4/: a = 965.0(5) pm, b = 762.6(3) pm, c = 746.6(3) pm, ..beta.. = 108.9(1)/sup 0/. Both compounds are isotypic to the Sr/sub 2/GeS/sub 4/ structure. Ba/sub 2/SiTe/sub 4/ is the first o-telluridosilicate with discrete SiTe/sub 4//sup 4 -/ anions.

Electronic structure of the Y Ba{sub 2} Cu{sub 3} O{sub 7-x} high temperature superconductor ceramic; Estrutura eletronica da ceramica supercondutora de alta temperatura Y Ba{sub 2} Cu{sub 3} O{sub 7-x}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, G A.R. [UNESP, Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia. Dept. de Fisica e Quimica

1991-12-31

We investigate the electronic structure of superconductor Y Ba{sub 2} Cu{sub 3} O{sub 7-x} through a molecular cluster approach. The calculations are performed self consistently through a semi empirical L.C.A.O. technique, where different charge states are considered. The correlation effects are taken into account by configuration interaction procedure (INDO/CI). The results for the larger cluster yield a density of states showing a strong p-d covalency resulting in a width of around 8,0 eV for the valence band. The optical excitations is analyzed in detail and compared with the experimental data. (author) 18 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

Electron paramagnetic resonance and AC susceptibility studies of Mn and Gd doped 1:2:3 superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

La Robina, M.A.

1997-01-01

For many years superconductivity was considered to be a low temperature phenomenon occurring below ∼ 25K. All this changed in April 1986 when J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Muller showed that the oxide La 2-x Ba x CuO 4 becomes a superconductor at ∼ 30K. Later in December 1986 the oxides La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 and La 2-x Ba x CuO 4 synthesised under high pressure, were shown to superconduct at ∼ 40K and ∼ 50K, respectively. Finally in February 1987, Chu synthesised the classic superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.8 , the so-called 1:2:3 material, which has a critical temperature circa 92K. In this thesis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and susceptibility measurements are reported on various superconductors. In 1987 Bowden et al., showed that pure phase 1:2:3 samples are characterised by an absence of Cu EPR signals. This contrasts sharply with the Green phase material, Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 , which shows a very large EPR signal with a g eff of 2.08. In an attempt to induce EPR signals, Mn doped 1:2:3 samples have been synthesised and characterised with EPR , AC susceptibility, XRD and SEM measurements. It is shown that Mn EPR signals are not evident in the Mn doped samples with a g eff of 2.09. Also, below T c the EPR signals of the lightly doped Mn samples vanish. It is argued that this is due to fluxoids motion within the superconductor, which gives rise to very large non-reproducible signals. It is suggested that the signals originate from Cu, impurity contaminants and multiple phases produced when the 1:2:3 superconductor is doped with Manganese (author)

Upper critical and irreversibility fields in Ni- and Co-doped pnictide bulk superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Nikolo, Martin; Singleton, John; Solenov, Dmitry; Jiang, Jianyi; Weiss, Jeremy; Hellstrom, Eric

2018-05-01

A comprehensive study of upper critical and irreversibility magnetic fields in Ba(Fe0.95Ni0.05)2As2 (large grain and small grain samples), Ba(Fe0.94Ni0.06)2As2, Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2, and Ba(Fe0.92Co0.09)2As2 polycrystalline bulk pnictide superconductors was made in pulsed fields of up to 65 T. The full magnetic field-temperature (H-T) phase diagrams, starting at 1.5 K, were measured. The higher temperature, upper critical field Hc2 data are well described by the one-band Werthamer, Helfand, and Hohenberg (WHH) model. At low temperatures, the experimental data depart from the fitted WHH curves, suggesting an emergence of a new phase that could be attributed to the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. The large values of the Maki fitting parameter α indicate that the Zeeman pair breaking dominates over the orbital pair breaking and spin-paramagnetic pair-breaking effect is significant in these materials. Possible multi-band structure of these materials is lumped into effective parameters of the single-band model. Table of measured physical parameters allows us to compare these pnictide superconductors for different Co- and Ni- doping levels and granularity.

(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox (LiF)y: addition of LiF—an effective way to synthesize overdoped superconductor

Science.gov (United States)

Badica, P.; Iyo, A.; Aldica, G.; Kito, H.; Crisan, A.; Tanaka, Y.

2004-03-01

(Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox superconductor with addition of y mol LiF has been synthesized by a high-pressure method. For the same synthesis conditions it was found that (almost) single-phase Cu, C-1234 samples can be synthesized for yLiF = 0-0.1 if the amount of z mol AgO oxidizer is increased linearly from zAgO = 0.45 to 0.73 and for yLiF = 0.1-0.2 if zAgO = 0.73 = constant. Transport measurements (rgr(T) and room-temperature Seebeck coefficient) have shown that these samples are overdoped: LiF is an effective addition for synthesis of overdoped Cu, C-1234 with a controlled level of carriers. LiF addition continuously decreases Tc. The critical point at yLiF = 0.1 is discussed as the solubility limit of LiF and/or the point where the doping mechanism changes. It is proposed that the reason is the reaction of extra Li with C and O to form Li2CO3, inducing a lower concentration of C in Cu, C-1234/LiF crystals, and at the same time a possible substitution of Li not only for the Cu site but also for the Ca site, resulting in formation of a higher amount of residual Ca0.828CuO2 (for yLiF>0.1). LiF induces the formation of a liquid phase and acts as a flux promoting the formation of Cu,C-12 (n-1)n with n \\ge 4 . LiF modifies to some degree the grain growth from a 3D to a 2D type (thinner platelike grains have been observed in the LiF added samples).

Pulsed Field Waveforms for Magnetization of HTS Gd-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ida, T; Matsuzaki, H; Morita, E; Sakashita, H; Harada, T; Ogata, H; Kimura, Y; Miki, M; Kitano, M; Izumi, M

2006-01-01

Progress in pulse magnetization technique for high-temperature superconductor bulks of melt-textured RE-Ba-Cu-O with large diameter is important for the realization of power applications. We studied the pulsed power source and pulsed field waveforms to enhance to improve the magnetization properties for Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk. The risetime and duration of pulse waveform effectively varied distribution of magnetic flux

Stabilization of high-temperature supeconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ surface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korenev, S.A.; Valentovich, D.; Lushchikov, V.I.

1988-01-01

A technique is suggested for stabilization of a high-temperature superconductor Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ surface by means of a high-current pulsed electron beam (J=12.5-65 A/cm 2 , E=70-200 keV, t=300 ns, P=0.001 Pa). The quality of the remelted surface film is characterized and first experimental results are discussed. It is shown that within 50 days after the electron beam processing, no dielectric film was developed at the superconductor surface and superconductor characteristics did not change

A SEARCH FOR PULSATIONS FROM GEMINGA ABOVE 100 GeV WITH VERITAS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aliu, E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027 (United States); Archambault, S. [Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8 (Canada); Archer, A.; Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V. [Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 (United States); Aune, T. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (United States); Barnacka, A. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Benbow, W.; Cerruti, M. [Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645 (United States); Bird, R. [School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Byrum, K. [Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); Cardenzana, J. V.; Dickinson, H. J.; Eisch, J. D. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Chen, X. [Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany); Ciupik, L. [Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (United States); Connolly, M. P. [School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway (Ireland); Cui, W. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (United States); Dumm, J., E-mail: mccann@kicp.uchicago.edu, E-mail: gtrichards@gatech.edu [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); and others

2015-02-10

We present the results of 71.6 hr of observations of the Geminga pulsar (PSR J0633+1746) with the VERITAS very-high-energy gamma-ray telescope array. Data taken with VERITAS between 2007 November and 2013 February were phase-folded using a Geminga pulsar timing solution derived from data recorded by the XMM- Newton and Fermi-LAT space telescopes. No significant pulsed emission above 100 GeV is observed, and we report upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the integral flux above 135 GeV (spectral analysis threshold) of 4.0 × 10{sup –13} s{sup –1} cm{sup –2} and 1.7 × 10{sup –13} s{sup –1} cm{sup –2} for the two principal peaks in the emission profile. These upper limits, placed in context with phase-resolved spectral energy distributions determined from 5 yr of data from the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT), constrain possible hardening of the Geminga pulsar emission spectra above ∼50 GeV.

The improvement of the superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O magnet characteristics through shape recovery strain of Fe-Mn-Si alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimpo, Y.; Seki, H.; Wongsatanawarid, A.; Taniguchi, S.; Maruyama, T.; Kurita, T.; Murakami, M.

2010-01-01

Since bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors are brittle ceramics, reinforcement of mechanical properties is important for practical applications. It has been reported that bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O can be reinforced with Al or Fe based alloy ring, in that compression force acts on bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficients. However, the shrinkage of the metal ring was not so large, and therefore careful adjustment of the circumference of the bulk and the metal rings was necessary. In this study, we employed Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy rings to reinforce bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O. The advantage of the shape memory alloy is that the shrinkage can take place on heating, and furthermore, the alloy shrinks and compresses the bulk body on cooling. Bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor 22.8 mm in diameter was inserted in a Fe-Mn-Si ring 23.0 mm in inner diameter at room temperature. Beforehand, the Fe-Mn-Si ring was expanded by 12% strain at room temperature. Then the composite was heated to 673 K. At room temperature, the Fe-Mn-Si ring firmly gripped the bulk superconductor. We then measured trapped fields before and after the ring reinforcement, and found that the trapped field was improved through the treatment.

High temperature resistive phase transition in A15 high temperature superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chu, C.W.; Huang, C.Y.; Schmidt, P.H.; Sugawara, K.

1976-01-01

Resistive measurements were made on A15 high temperature superconductors. Anomalies indicative of a phase transition were observed at 433 0 K in a single crystal Nb 3 Sn and at 485 0 K in an unbacked Nb 3 Ge sputtered thin film. Results are compared with the high temperature transmission electron diffraction studies of Nb 3 Ge films by Schmidt et al. A possible instability in the electron energy spectrum is discussed

Roles of Clathrate Hydrates in Crustal Heating and Volatile Storage/Release on Earth, Mars, and Beyond

Science.gov (United States)

Kargel, J. S.; Beget, J.; Furfaro, R.; Prieto-Ballesteros, O.; Palmero-Rodriguez, J. A.

2007-12-01

Clathrate hydrates are stable through much of the Solar System. These materials and hydrate-like amorphous associations of water with N2, CO, CH4, CO2, O2 and other molecules could, in fact, constitute the bulk of the non-rock components of some icy satellites, comets, and Kuiper Belt Objects. CO2 clathrate is thermodynamically stable at the Martian South Pole surface and could form a significant fraction of both Martian polar caps and icy permafrost distributed across one-third of the Martian surface. CH4 clathrate is the largest clathrate material in Earth's permafrost and cold seafloor regions, and it may be a major volatile reservoir on Mars, too. CO2 clathrate is less abundant on Earth but it might store most of Mars' CO2 inventory and thus may be one of the critical components in the climate system of that planet, just as CH4 clathrate is for Earth. These ice-like phases not only store biologically, geologically, and climatologically important gases, but they also are natural thermal insulators. Thus, they retard the conductive flow of geothermal heat, and thick accumulations of them can modify geotherms, cause brines to exist where otherwise they would not, and induce low-grade metamorphism of upper crustal rocks underlying the insulating bodies. This mechanism of crustal heating may be especially important in assisting hydrogeologic activity on Mars, gas-rich carbonaceous asteroids, icy satellites, and Kuiper Belt Objects. These worlds, compared to Earth, are comparatively energy starved and frozen but may partly make up for their deficit of joules by having large accumulations of joule-conserving hydrates. Thick, continuous layers of clathrate may seal in gases and produce high gas fugacities in aquifers underlying the clathrates, thus producing gas-rich reservoirs capable of erupting violently. This may have happened repeatedly in Earth history, with global climatic consequences for abrupt climate change. We have hypothesized that such eruptions may have

Characterization of the insulator barrier and the superconducting transition temperature in GdBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−δ}/BaTiO{sub 3} bilayers for application in tunnel junctions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Navarro, H., E-mail: henrynavarro@cab.cnea.gov.ar; Sirena, M.; Haberkorn, N. [Instituto Balseiro, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and CNEA, 8400 Bariloche (Argentina); Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Av. Bustillo 9500, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina); Yang, Ilkyu [Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jeehoon [Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang (Korea, Republic of); CALDES, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang (Korea, Republic of)

2015-07-28

The optimization of the superconducting properties in a bottom electrode and the quality of an insulator barrier are the first steps in the development of superconductor/insulator/superconductor tunnel junctions. Here, we study the quality of a BaTiO{sub 3} tunnel barrier deposited on a 16 nm thick GdBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−δ} thin film by using conductive atomic force microscopy. We find that the tunnel current is systematically reduced (for equal applied voltage) by increasing the BaTiO{sub 3} barrier thickness between 1.6 and 4 nm. The BaTiO{sub 3} layers present an energy barrier of ≈1.2 eV and an attenuation length of 0.35–0.5 nm (depending on the applied voltage). The GdBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−δ} electrode is totally covered by a BaTiO{sub 3} thickness above 3 nm. The presence of ferroelectricity was verified by piezoresponse force microscopy for a 4 nm thick BaTiO{sub 3} top layer. The superconducting transition temperature of the bilayers is systematically suppressed by increasing the BaTiO{sub 3} thickness. This fact can be associated with stress at the interface and a reduction of the orthorhombicity of the GdBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−δ}. The reduction in the orthorhombicity is expected by considering the interface mismatch and it can also be affected by reduced oxygen stoichiometry (poor oxygen diffusion across the BaTiO{sub 3} barrier)

Synthesis and thermal conductivity of type II silicon clathrates

Science.gov (United States)

Beekman, M.; Nolas, G. S.

2006-08-01

We have synthesized and characterized polycrystalline Na 1Si 136 and Na 8Si 136, compounds possessing the type II clathrate hydrate crystal structure. Resistivity measurements from 10 to 300 K indicate very large resistivities in this temperature range, with activated temperature dependences indicative of relatively large band gap semiconductors. The thermal conductivity is very low; two orders-of-magnitude lower than that of diamond-structure silicon at room temperature. The thermal conductivity of Na 8Si 136 displays a temperature dependence that is atypical of crystalline solids and more indicative of amorphous materials. This work is part of a continuing effort to explore the many different compositions and structure types of clathrates, a class of materials that continues to be of interest for scientific and technological applications.

Electronic components with yttrium- and bismuth-based high-Tc superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daginnus, M.; Guettler, B.

1992-01-01

This project investigates the fabrication of microwave components by use of high-Tc superconductors. Detailed descriptions are given of the manufacturing and use of active Y-Ba-Cu-O components. The surface resistance of thin films used in high-quality passive microwave components such as resonators and filters is measured and optimized. (orig./MM) [de

Electrochemical stability of ionic clathrate hydrates and their structural consideration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Wonhee; Lim, Dongwook; Lee, Huen

2013-01-01

Although electrochemical stability is an essential factor in relation to the potential applications of ionic clathrate hydrates to solid electrolytes, most studies regarding the proton conductors have focused on their ionic conductivity and thermal stability. Solid electrolytes in various electrochemical devices have to endure the applied potentials; thus, we examined the linear sweep voltammograms of various tetraalkylammonium hydroxide hydrates in order to shed light on the trend of electrochemical stability depending on the hydrate structure. We revealed that the electrochemical stability of Me 4 NOH hydrates is mainly affected by both their ionic concentration and cage occupancy. In particular, the true clathrate structures of β-Me 4 NOH hydrates are more electrochemically stable than their α-forms that possess partially broken hydrogen bonds. We also observed that the binary THF–Pr 4 NOH and pure Bu 4 NOH clathrate hydrates exhibit greater electrochemical stability than those of pure Me 4 NOH hydrates having lower or similar ionic concentrations. These results are considered to arise from the fact that each of the Pr 4 N + and Bu 4 N + ions occupies an extended space comprising four cages, which leads to stabilization of the larger unit, whereas a Me 4 N + ion is completely included only in one cage

Passivation of high temperature superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Vasquez, Richard P. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

The surface of high temperature superconductors such as YBa2Cu3O(7-x) are passivated by reacting the native Y, Ba and Cu metal ions with an anion such as sulfate or oxalate to form a surface film that is impervious to water and has a solubility in water of no more than 10(exp -3) M. The passivating treatment is preferably conducted by immersing the surface in dilute aqueous acid solution since more soluble species dissolve into the solution. The treatment does not degrade the superconducting properties of the bulk material.

Systematics of c-axis phonons in the thallium- and bismuth-based cuprate superconductors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tsvetkov, A.A.; Dulic, Diana; Marel, D. van der; Damascelli, A.; Kaljushnaia, G.A.; Gorina, J.I.; Senturina, N.N.; Kolesnikov, N.N.; Ren, Z.F.; Wang, J.H.; Menovsky, A.A.; Palstra, T.T.M.

1999-01-01

We present grazing incidence reflectivity measurements in the far-infrared region at temperatures above and below Tc for a series of thallium- (Tl2Ba2CuO6, Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8) and bismuth- (Bi2Sr2CuO6, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8, and Bi2-xPbxSr2CaCu2O8) based cuprate superconductors. From the spectra, which are

Project of RE123 bulk superconductors fabrication in a microgravity environment; Bishojuryokuka chodensotai seizo purojekuto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakai, N; Murakami, M [International Superconductivity Technology Center, Tokyo (Japan); Shisa, A [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Toky o(Japan); Hirata, H [Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer, Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-25

Large single-grain bulk rare earth element (RE)-Ba-Cu-O superconductors can be used for various applications such magnetic bearings, load trapped field magnets. The magnetic field generated by bulk RE-Ba-Cu-O superconductors is proportional to its radius, however, the growth of a large single-grain bulk with good quality is difficult due to contamination from the substrate or the crucible and also due to liquid loss. Such problems can be solved by growing RE-Cu-O bulk in a microgravity environment, where the bulk can be supported by a seed crystal alone during crystal growth. Such experiments will be conducted in the Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (USERS) project. In this paper, the experiment plan and the present status of the system development are reported. (author)

Fabrication of single-grain GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− bulk ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Research Articles Volume 74 Issue 5 May 2010 pp 827-832 ... Superconductors; top seeded infiltration and growth process; GdBa2 ... The morphology, microstructure and levitation force of the bulk GdBCO have also been investigated.

Optical characterization of Tm3+ doped Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3 glasses in absence and presence of BaF2

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Kexuan; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Shunbin; Guo, Yanyan; Zhou, Dechun; Yu, Fengxia

2016-01-01

In this paper, Two new Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3 glasses (one presence of BaF2) doped with 1mol% Tm2O3 were prepared by melt-quenching technique. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), the absorption, Raman, IR spectra and fluorescence spectra were measured. The Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters, emission cross section, absorption cross section, and gain coefficient of Tm3+ ions were comparatively investigated. After the BaF2 introduced, the glass showed a better thermal stability, lower phonon energy and weaker OH− absorption coefficient, meanwhile, a larger ~1.8 μm emission cross section σem (7.56 × 10−21 cm2) and a longer fluorescence lifetime τmea (2.25 ms) corresponding to the Tm3+: 4F3 → 3H6 transition were obtained, which is due to the addition of fluoride in glass could reduce the quenching rate of hydroxyls and raise the cross-relaxation (3H6 + 3H4 → 3F4 + 3F4) rate. Our results suggest that the Tm3+ doped Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3 glass with BaF2 might be potential to the application in efficient ~1.8 μm lasers system. PMID:27506152

Optical characterization of Tm(3+) doped Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3 glasses in absence and presence of BaF2.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Kexuan; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Shunbin; Guo, Yanyan; Zhou, Dechun; Yu, Fengxia

2016-08-10

In this paper, Two new Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3 glasses (one presence of BaF2) doped with 1mol% Tm2O3 were prepared by melt-quenching technique. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), the absorption, Raman, IR spectra and fluorescence spectra were measured. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, emission cross section, absorption cross section, and gain coefficient of Tm(3+) ions were comparatively investigated. After the BaF2 introduced, the glass showed a better thermal stability, lower phonon energy and weaker OH(-) absorption coefficient, meanwhile, a larger ~1.8 μm emission cross section σem (7.56 × 10(-21) cm(2)) and a longer fluorescence lifetime τmea (2.25 ms) corresponding to the Tm(3+): (4)F3 → (3)H6 transition were obtained, which is due to the addition of fluoride in glass could reduce the quenching rate of hydroxyls and raise the cross-relaxation ((3)H6 + (3)H4 → (3)F4 + (3)F4) rate. Our results suggest that the Tm(3+) doped Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3 glass with BaF2 might be potential to the application in efficient ~1.8 μm lasers system.

Positron annihilation study on Y-Ba-Cu-O high Tc superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balogh, A.G.; Liszkay, L.; Molnar, B.; Puff, W.

1987-08-01

First positron annihilation measurements are reported on high T c superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x . The lifetime and Doppler broadening spectra show a slight but significant change about 240K suggesting a deviation from the normal structure far above 90K where the resistance falls to zero. (author)

Observation of interstitial molecular hydrogen in clathrate hydrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Grim, R Gary; Barnes, Brian C; Lafond, Patrick G; Kockelmann, Winfred A; Keen, David A; Soper, Alan K; Hiratsuka, Masaki; Yasuoka, Kenji; Koh, Carolyn A; Sum, Amadeu K

2014-09-26

The current knowledge and description of guest molecules within clathrate hydrates only accounts for occupancy within regular polyhedral water cages. Experimental measurements and simulations, examining the tert-butylamine + H2 + H2O hydrate system, now suggest that H2 can also be incorporated within hydrate crystal structures by occupying interstitial sites, that is, locations other than the interior of regular polyhedral water cages. Specifically, H2 is found within the shared heptagonal faces of the large (4(3)5(9)6(2)7(3)) cage and in cavities formed from the disruption of smaller (4(4)5(4)) water cages. The ability of H2 to occupy these interstitial sites and fluctuate position in the crystal lattice demonstrates the dynamic behavior of H2 in solids and reveals new insight into guest-guest and guest-host interactions in clathrate hydrates, with potential implications in increasing overall energy storage properties. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The development of research on high temperature superconductors in Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaari, A.H.; Hashim, M.; Dalimin, M.N.

1989-01-01

The background of the recent discovery of high-temperature oxide superconductor is given. This new discovery has driven scientists of different disciplines from many parts of the world into the race. Even those researchers from the developing countries are able to join the band wagon of the frontier research due to the convenience of working at temperatures well above that of liquid nitrogen. In Malaysia, some aspects of preparations and characterization of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ceramics are studied. The 90 K transition temperature is observed in Y-Ba-Cu-O. (Auth.). 10 figs.; 5 refs

Tunable (δπ, δπ)-Type Antiferromagnetic Order in α-Fe(Te,Se) Superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Bao, Wei; Qiu, Y.; Huang, Q.; Green, M. A.; Zajdel, P.; Fitzsimmons, M. R.; Zhernenkov, M.; Chang, S.; Fang, Minghu; Qian, B.; Vehstedt, E. K.; Yang, Jinhu; Pham, H. M.; Spinu, L.; Mao, Z. Q.

2009-06-01

The new α-Fe(Te,Se) superconductors share the common iron building block and ferminology with the LaFeAsO and BaFe2As2 families of superconductors. In contrast with the predicted commensurate spin-density-wave order at the nesting wave vector (π, 0), a completely different magnetic order with a composition tunable propagation vector (δπ, δπ) was determined for the parent compound Fe1+yTe in this powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction study. The new antiferromagnetic order survives as a short-range one even in the highest TC sample. An alternative to the prevailing nesting Fermi surface mechanism is required to understand the latest family of ferrous superconductors.

Creation of the best performance high-$T_{c}$ superconductor based on Cu-1234

CERN Document Server

Ihara, H; Iyo, A; Kito, H; Terada, N; Tokumoto, M; Ishida, K; Sekita, Y; Yamamoto, H; Hayashi, H; Khan, N A; Sundaresan, A; Nie, J; Harashima, E; Ishiura, Y; Tateai, F; Kawamura, M

1999-01-01

The purpose of this project is to create the best performance superconductor on the basis of our original Cu-1234 (CuBa/sub 2/Ca /sub 3/Cu/sub 4/O/sub 12-y/) superconductor. Its best performance superconductor will be realized by the modification of superconducting wave function (MSWF) and application of new preparation techniques of thin films. The MSWF leads to the enhancement of coherence length along the c-axis and transformation from d-wave to (d+is)-wave, and then low superconducting anisotropy. The thin film techniques are APE (amorphous phase epitaxy) method and SAE (self assembling epitaxy) method by using a structure stabilizer such as Tl. The best superconductor with long coherence length, low anisotropy, high T/sub c/, high J/sub c/ and high H/sub irr/ will be realized for wire and Josephson junctions and microwave device application at 77 K. (16 refs).

Effect of silver doping on infrared reflectance and Tc of superconducting GdBa2Cu(1 - x)3Ag3xO7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Memon, A.; Khan, M.N.; Al-Dallal, S.; Tanner, D.B.; Porter, C.D.

1990-01-01

This paper reports on infrared reflectance of GdBa 2 Cu(1 - x) 3 Ag 3x O 7 ceramic superconductor with the composition of x = 0.025 and 0.05 performed in the frequency range of 100--5000 cm -1 . All the infrared active phonon modes allowed by the selection rules were observed in the reflection spectra of these compounds. The optical conductivity as calculated from K--K analysis further confirms the existence of these optical phonons. Besides the increase of the reflectivity in the silver doped samples, an extra phonon mode is observed, which is normally not seen at room temperature reflectance of GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 compounds. The four probe resistivity measurement show zero resistance at 88 K for x = 0, and 78 K for x = 0.025 in GdBa 2 Cu(1 - x) 3 Ag 3x O 7 compound

Studies of superconductors using a low-temperature, high-field scanning tunneling microscope

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirtley, J.R.; Feenstra, R.M.; Fein, A.P.

1988-01-01

We have developed a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of operating at temperatures as low as 0.4 K and fields as high as 8 T. We have used this STM to study the energy gap of the high-T/sub c/ superconductors La--Sr--Cu--O and Y--Ba--Cu--O. We find that the reduced gap for these oxide superconductors falls in the range 3<2Δ/k/sub B/T/sub c/<7, for polycrystalline, single-crystal, and thin-film samples. We have also simultaneously imaged the surface topography and superconducting energy gap for thin films of the granular superconductor NbN. We occasionally see regions with smaller best-fit gaps that correlate with surface topographical features, but have been unable so far to image flux vortices

Measurement of electromagnetic force between multiple bulk superconductors; Fukusu no barukutai chodendotai to eikyujishakukairo niokeru denjiryoku sokutei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otani, T.; Murakami, M. [Superconductivity Research Laboratory, Tokyo (Japan); Nagashima, K. [Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan); Murayama, M. [Shikoku Ekectric Power Co., Inc., Kagawa (Japan)

1999-11-25

The electromagnetic force (EMF) that is exhibited by the interaction between bulk superconductors and permanent magnets is used for magnetic levitation devices. To facilitate such applications, it is necessary to enhance the EMF. We measured the EMF for Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors with different shapes and dimensions by varying the structure of disk magnets such as their thickness and the number of poles. The EMF is strongly dependent on the magnet structure as long as permanent magnets and good quality bulk superconductors are used. Thus, for the design of practical devices, it is important to optimize the magnet structure. (author)

Phenomenological description of anisotropy effects in some ferromagnetic superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shopova, Diana V., E-mail: sho@issp.bas.bg [TCCM Research Group, Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia (Bulgaria); Todorov, Michail D. [Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia (Bulgaria)

2015-07-03

We study phenomenologically the role of anisotropy in ferromagnetic superconductors UGe{sub 2}, URhGe, and UCoGe for the description of their phase diagrams. We use the Ginzburg–Landau free energy in its uniform form as we will consider only spatially independent solutions. This is an expansion of previously derived results where the effect of Cooper-pair and crystal anisotropies is not taken into account. The three compounds are separately discussed with the special stress on UGe{sub 2}. The main effect comes from the strong uniaxial anisotropy of magnetization while the anisotropy of Cooper pairs and crystal anisotropy only slightly change the phase diagram in the vicinity of Curie temperature. The limitations of this approach are also discussed. - Highlights: • Anisotropic Landau energy for description of ferromagnetic superconductors is proposed. • Meissner phases are described with their existence and stability conditions. • The application of the model to UGe{sub 2} is discussed. • The limitations to apply the model for description of experimental data are explained.

Effects of exotic composite bosons in e+e- scattering at 50--100 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akama, K.; Hattori, T.; Yasue, M.

1990-01-01

We show that some of the neutral exotics in the composite model decouple from neutrinos at low energies, and can be as light as the mass scale of the weak interactions, offering the possibility of detecting sizable effects in e + e - scattering at 50--100 GeV

Epitaxial growth of Si1−xGex alloys and Ge on Si(100) by electron-cyclotron-resonance Ar plasma chemical vapor deposition without substrate heating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueno, Naofumi; Sakuraba, Masao; Murota, Junichi; Sato, Shigeo

2014-01-01

By using electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) Ar-plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) without substrate heating, the epitaxial growth process of Si 1−x Ge x alloy and Ge films deposited directly on dilute-HF-treated Si(100) was investigated. From the reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns of the deposited Si 1−x Ge x alloy (x = 0.50, 0.75) and Ge films on Si(100), it is confirmed that epitaxial growth can be realized without substrate heating, and that crystallinity degradation at larger film thickness is observed. The X-ray diffraction peak of the epitaxial films reveals the existence of large compressive strain, which is induced by lattice matching with the Si(100) substrate at smaller film thicknesses, as well as strain relaxation behavior at larger film thicknesses. The Ge fraction of Si 1−x Ge x thin film is in good agreement with the normalized GeH 4 partial pressure. The Si 1−x Ge x deposition rate increases with an increase of GeH 4 partial pressure. The GeH 4 partial pressure dependence of partial deposition rates [(Si or Ge fraction) × (Si 1−x Ge x thickness) / (deposition time)] shows that the Si partial deposition rate is slightly enhanced by the existence of Ge. From these results, it is proposed that the ECR-plasma CVD process can be utilized for Ge fraction control in highly-strained heterostructure formation of group IV semiconductors. - Highlights: • Si 1−x Ge x alloy and Ge were epitaxially grown on Si(100) without substrate heating. • Large strain and its relaxation behavior can be observed by X-ray diffraction. • Ge fraction of Si 1−x Ge x is equal to normalized GeH 4 partial pressure. • Si partial deposition rate is slightly enhanced by existence of Ge

Grain alignment in bulk YBa2Cu3Ox superconductor by a low temperature phase transformation method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selvamanickam, V.; Goyal, A.; Kroeger, D.M.

1994-01-01

A quench and directional phase transformation process has been developed to achieve grain alignment in bulk YBa 2 Cu 3 O x superconductors at temperatures about 100 degree C below the peritectic temperature. Isothermal phase transformation of quenched precursors at 890 degree C for 3 min is found to result in the formation of more than 75% of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x phase without any formation of Y 2 BaCuO 5 . Phase transformation at higher temperatures leads to rapid formation of Y 2 BaCuO 5 in addition to YBa 2 Cu 3 O x . A well-aligned microstructure is achieved by directional phase transformation of the quenched compacts as a rate of 10 mm/h. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current density at 77 K of the directionally phase transformed material compares well with that of melt-textured YBCO and is superior to that of magnetically aligned and sintered YBCO

Nematic fluctuations, fermiology and the pairing potential in iron-based superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kretzschmar, Florian

2015-08-18

The thesis comprises a systematic study on the doping, temperature and momentum dependent electron dynamics in iron-based superconductors using inelastic light scattering. The observation of Bardasis-Schrieffer modes in the excitation spectrum of superconducting Ba{sub 0.6}K{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} is reported and the energy and symmetry dependence of the modes are analyzed. The analysis yields the identification of a strong subdominant component of the interaction potential V(k,k{sup '}). Strong nematic fluctuations are investigated in Ba(Fe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}){sub 2}As{sub 2}. The nature of the fluctuations and the origin of nematicity in Ba(Fe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}){sub 2}As{sub 2} are identified.

Measurement of the polarization parameter in 24 GeV/c pp elastic scattering at large momentum transfers

CERN Document Server

Antille, J; Dick, Louis; Gonidec, A; Kuroda, K; Kyberd, P; Michalowicz, A; Perret-Gallix, D; Salmon, G L; Werlen, M

1981-01-01

A measurement of the polarization parameter P/sub 0/ in pp elastic scattering has been made 24 GeV/c over the range of momentum transfer squared 0.7< mod t mod <5.0 (GeV/c)/sup 2/. The structure of P/sub 0/ has changed compared to typical lower energy data. The second peak is suppressed and a dip has appeared at mod t mod =3.6 (GeV/c)/sup 2/. (31 refs).

Low temperature removal of surface oxides and hydrocarbons from Ge(100) using atomic hydrogen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walker, M., E-mail: m.walker@warwick.ac.uk; Tedder, M.S.; Palmer, J.D.; Mudd, J.J.; McConville, C.F.

2016-08-30

Highlights: • Preparation of a clean, well-ordered Ge(100) surface with atomic hydrogen. • Surface oxide layers removed by AHC at room temperature, but not hydrocarbons. • Increasing surface temperature during AHC dramatically improves efficiency. • AHC with the surface heated to 250 °C led to a near complete removal of contaminants. • (2 × 1) LEED pattern from IBA and AHC indicates asymmetric dimer reconstruction. - Abstract: Germanium is a group IV semiconductor with many current and potential applications in the modern semiconductor industry. Key to expanding the use of Ge is a reliable method for the removal of surface contamination, including oxides which are naturally formed during the exposure of Ge thin films to atmospheric conditions. A process for achieving this task at lower temperatures would be highly advantageous, where the underlying device architecture will not diffuse through the Ge film while also avoiding electronic damage induced by ion irradiation. Atomic hydrogen cleaning (AHC) offers a low-temperature, damage-free alternative to the common ion bombardment and annealing (IBA) technique which is widely employed. In this work, we demonstrate with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that the AHC method is effective in removing surface oxides and hydrocarbons, yielding an almost completely clean surface when the AHC is conducted at a temperature of 250 °C. We compare the post-AHC cleanliness and (2 × 1) low energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern to that obtained via IBA, where the sample is annealed at 600 °C. We also demonstrate that the combination of a sample temperature of 250 °C and atomic H dosing is required to clean the surface. Lower temperatures prove less effective in removal of the oxide layer and hydrocarbons, whilst annealing in ultra-high vacuum conditions only removes weakly bound hydrocarbons. Finally, we examine the subsequent H-termination of an IBA-cleaned sample using XPS, LEED and ultraviolet

Measurements of relevant parameters in the formation of clathrate hydrates by a novel experimental apparatus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arca, S.; Di Profio, P.; Germani, R.; Savelli, G. [Perugia Univ., CEMIN, Perugia (Italy). Dept. of Chemistry

2008-07-01

There is a growing interest in understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of clathrate hydrate formation. This paper presented a study that involved the design, construction, calibration, and testing of a new apparatus that could obtain as many parameters as possible in a single formation batch and that could measure unexplored clathrate hydrate parameters. The apparatus was capable of measuring equilibrium phases involving gaseous components. The paper described the conceptual design as well as the chamber, pressure line, temperature control, liquid addition line, and conductometric probe. The paper also discussed data acquisition, stirring, measurement examples, and internal illumination and video monitoring. It was concluded that refining measurements, particularly those concerning kinetic characterizations, is important in order to clarify several uncertain kinetic behaviors of clathrate hydrates. 6 refs., 16 figs.

Trigermanides AEGe{sub 3} (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba). Chemical bonding and superconductivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Castillo, Rodrigo; Schnelle, Walter; Baranov, Alexey I.; Burkhardt, Ulrich; Bobnar, Matej; Cardoso-Gil, Raul; Schwarz, Ulrich; Grin, Yuri [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemische Physik Fester Stoffe, Dresden (Germany)

2016-08-01

The crystal structures of the trigermanides AEGe{sub 3}(tI32) (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba; space group I4/mmm, for SrGe{sub 3}: a = 7.7873(1), c = 12.0622(3) Aa) comprise Ge{sub 2} dumbbells forming layered Ge substructures which enclose embedded AE atoms. The chemical bonding analysis by application of the electron localizability approach reveals a substantial charge transfer from the AE atoms to the germanium substructure. The bonding within the dumbbells is of the covalent two-center type. A detailed analysis of SrGe{sub 3} reveals that the interaction on the bond-opposite side of the Ge{sub 2} groups is not lone pair-like - as it would be expected from the Zintl-like interpretation of the crystal structure with anionic Ge layers separated by alkaline-earth cations - but multi-center strongly polar between the Ge{sub 2} dumbbells and the adjacent metal atoms. Similar atomic interactions are present in CaGe{sub 3} and BaGe{sub 3}. The variation of the alkaline-earth metal has a merely insignificant influence on the superconducting transition temperatures in the s,p-electron compounds AEGe{sub 3}.

24 CFR 200.100 - Insurance endorsement.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... a commitment for insured advances, initial endorsement of the credit instrument shall occur before... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Insurance endorsement. 200.100... Endorsement Generally Applicable to Multifamily and Health Care Facility Mortgage Insurance Programs; and...

Clathrates - An Exploration of the Chemistry of Caged Compounds

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

also found on the icy moons of our solar system, at Saturn and .... This mineral loses water rapidly on heating and seemed ... The prototype of clathrate-I structure for gas hydrate has a .... Useful for studies of air pollution, process control and.

Electron-gamma perturbed angular correlation studies on high-TC superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correia, J.G.; Araujo, J.P.; Marques, J.G.; Ramos, A.R.; Lourenco, A.A.; Amaral, V.; Galindo, V.; Senateur, J.P.; Weiss, F.; Wahl, U.; Melo, A.A.; Soares, J.C.; Sousa, J.B.

2000-01-01

Recent results on the study of high-T C superconductors using the e - -γperturbed angular correlation technique are presented. The basic features of the experimental equipment and its installation at the ISOLDE facility are briefly described. Results obtained from 197m Hg implanted into high quality Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ epitaxy thin films are presented and discussed

Processing high-Tc superconductors with GeV heavy ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marwick, A.D.; Civale, L.; Krusin-Elbaum, L.; Worthington, T.K.; Holtzberg, F.; Thompson, J.R.; Sun, Y.R.; Kerchner, H.R.

1992-01-01

Irradiation of high-T c superconducting crystals with low doses (10 10 --10 11 ions/cm 2 ) of GeV heavy ions (0.58 GeV Sn-116; 1.0-GeV Au-197) produces a unique microstructure consisting of discrete amorphous columns which are only a few nm in diameter but tens of microns long. It has been found recently that this columnar microstructure causes larger increases in magnetization and critical current at high temperature and high magnetic field than other types of defects in these materials. This can be understood as a consequence of the effective pinning of magnetic vortex lines provided by the columnar defects. Measurements confirm that the pinning is strongest when the magnetic field is aligned with the ion tracks. Differences in the pinning in different materials can be related to differences in their anisotropy, which affects the structure of the vortices and their pinning at columnar defects

The effect of nano-size ZrO2 powder addition on the microstructure and superconducting properties of single-domain Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iida, K; Babu, N H; Reddy, E S; Shi, Y-H; Cardwell, D A

2005-01-01

The effect of nano-size ZrO 2 powder addition on the microstructure and superconducting properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O single grain bulk superconductors has been investigated. Significant pushing phenomena of Y 2 BaCuO 5 (Y-211) particles, particularly in the c growth sector, were observed even with a small amount of ZrO 2 added to the precursor powder. An increase in Y-211 particle pushing was observed with increasing ZrO 2 content, leading to an inhomogeneous bulk microstructure. In addition, a growth cycle consisting of a Y-211 free layer-porous narrow layer-Y-211 high concentration layer was observed for samples prepared with 0.25 wt% ZrO 2 in both the a and c growth sectors. The extent of the growth of single grain Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) decreased with increasing ZrO 2 content due to increased pushing of Y-211 particles towards molten liquid. The superconducting transition temperature, T c , of the ZrO 2 containing YBCO samples was sharp but depressed slightly (by up to 1 K) compared with an undoped YBCO grain, indicating a relative insensitivity of T c to ZrO 2 content. Finally, the sensitivity of critical current density, J c , to applied magnetic field in large grain bulk YBCO containing ZrO 2 was observed to depend critically on position due to the inhomogeneous sample microstructure

Synthesis, structural and physico-chemical studies of the monocrystal superconductor oxides Hg Ba2 Can-1 Cun O2n+2+δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Viallet-Guillen, Virginie

1998-01-01

The thesis presents the synthesis and the structural and physico-chemical properties of the mercury-based monocrystal superconductor oxides. The results reported in the first chapter refer to the first three members of the mercury cuprate series Hg-1201, Hg-1212 and Hg-1223. In the second chapter detailed results concerning the structure of these compounds are given highlighting the features common to all cuprates and pointing out the peculiarities of mercury phases. The third chapter presents the phase diagrams (δ, T, p(O 2 )) of the compounds HgBa 2 CuO 4+δ and HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ obtained by thermogravimetry under controlled atmosphere between 150 deg.C and 500 deg.C and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. In the case of Hg-1201, the critical temperature shows a variation close to a parabolic law, with an optimal Tc of 96 K (δ≅0.10) while in Hg-1223 the Tc increases linearly with the O content up to the optimal Tc of 135 K (δ≅0.19) and decreases only by 2 K in the over-doped regime. Finally, in the fourth chapter different physical properties are reviewed. The obtained monocrystals allowed studying the resistive transitory anisotropy, the torque, the specific heat, the nuclear magnetic resonance and the Raman diffusion

The Si(100)-Sb 2x1 and Ge(100) 2x1 surfaces: A multi-technique study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richter, M.

1993-08-01

The electronic and geometric structures of the clean and Sb terminated Si(100)2x1 and Ge(100)-2x1 surfaces have been investigated using a multi-technique approach. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS) spectroscopy and angle-integrated core-level photoemission electron spectroscopy (PES) were employed to measure the surface symmetry, defect structure, relevant bond lengths, atomic coordination and electronic structure. By employing a multi-technique approach, it is possible to correlate changes in the geometric structure to specific features of the core-level lineshape of the substrate. This allows for the assignment of components of the core-level lineshape to be assigned to specific surface and near-surface atoms

Plasma-oxidation of Ge(100)-surfaces characterized by MIES, UPS and XPS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wegewitz, Lienhard; Dahle, Sebastian; Maus-Friedrichs, Wolfgang [Institut fuer Energieforschung und Physikalische Technologien, Technische Universitaet Clausthal, Leibnizstr. 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany); Hoefft, Oliver; Endres, Frank [Institut fuer Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische Universitaet Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany); Vioel, Wolfgang [HAWK Goettingen, Fakultaet Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Von-Ossietzky-Str. 99, 37085 Goettingen (Germany)

2011-07-01

Cleaning and passivation of Germanium surfaces is of tremendous technological interest. Germanium has various applications, for example in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor elements. It turned out to be difficult to prepare contamination free Germanium surfaces by methods of wet chemistry. Several attempts have been made preparing such surfaces by different plasma treatments. We report cleaning and passivation of Ge(100)-surfaces by dielectric barrier discharge plasma at ambient temperature in oxygen and in air studied by Metastable Induced Electron Spectroscopy (MIES) and Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS(He I) and XPS). The plasma treatment is carried out in a special high-vacuum chamber which operates up to ambient pressure and is directly connected to the ultra-high vacuum chamber including the analysis equipment. In summary the air plasma treatment as well as the oxygen plasma treatment result in contamination free GeO{sub 2} covered surfaces.

Irreversibility Curve on Y1–xLuxBa2Cu3O7–δ (x=0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) superconducting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grimaldos, J F Cepeda; Supelano G, I; Santos, A Sarmiento; Chiquillo, M V; Martínez B, D; Vargas, C A Parra

2014-01-01

The irreversibility line in the H–T plane divides the irreversible and reversible behaviour of the magnetization which is of importance for the characterization of high T c superconductors. In this work, we report the production of Y 1–X Lu X Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ (X=0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) superconducting system using the usual solid state reaction method. The irreversibility line H–T plane for the Y 1–X Lu X Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ polycrystalline sample was investigated. The curves of magnetization ZFC (cero field cooled)- FC (field cooled) were measured in magnetic fields between 100 Oe and 4000 Oe, and allowed to obtain the values for irreversibility and critical temperatures

Study of Ge loss during Ge condensation process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xue, Z.Y.; Di, Z.F.; Ye, L.; Mu, Z.Q.; Chen, D.; Wei, X.; Zhang, M.; Wang, X.

2014-01-01

Ge loss during Ge condensation process was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. This work reveals that Ge loss can be attributed to the Ge oxidation at SiO 2 /SiGe interface, Ge diffusion in SiO 2 layers and Ge trapped at buried SiO 2 /Si interface. During Ge condensation process, with the increase of the Ge content, the Si atoms become insufficient for selective oxidation at the oxide/SiGe interface. Consequently, the Si and Ge are oxidized simultaneously. When the Ge composition in SiGe layer increases further and approaches 100%, the Ge atoms begin to diffuse into the top SiO 2 layer and buried SiO 2 layer. However, the X-ray photoelectron spectrometry analysis manifests that the chemical states of the Ge in top SiO 2 layer are different from those in buried SiO 2 layer, as the Ge atoms diffused into top SiO 2 layer are oxidized to form GeO 2 in the subsequent oxidation step. With the increase of the diffusion time, a quantity of Ge atoms diffuse through buried SiO 2 layer and pile up at buried SiO 2 /Si interface due to the interfacial trapping. The SiO 2 /Si interface acts like a pump, absorbing Ge from a Ge layer continuously through a pipe-buried SiO 2 layer. With the progress of Ge condensation process, the quantity of Ge accumulated at SiO 2 /Si interface increases remarkably. - Highlights: • Ge loss during Ge condensation process is attributed to the Ge oxidation at SiO 2 /SiGe interface. • Ge diffusion in SiO 2 layers and Ge trapped at buried SiO 2 /Si interface • When Ge content in SiGe layer approaches 100%, Ge diffusion into the SiO 2 layer is observed. • Ge then gradually diffuses through buried SiO 2 layer and pile up at SiO 2 /Si interface

Growth of high-temperature superconductor crystals from flux

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Demianets, L.N.; Bykov, A.B.; Melnikov, O.K.; Stishov, S.M.

1991-01-01

Crystallization of high-temperature superconductors was studied in La-Sr-Cu-O, Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems. Platelet crystals YBa 2 Cu 3 Osub(6.5+x) were obtained by spontaneous crystallization from homogeneous nonstoichiometric melts enriched in barium and copper oxides. Lasub(2-x)Sr x CuO 4 was prepared by slow cooling of melts enriched in copper oxide. Bi 2 (Sr, Ca)sub(n+1)Cu n O y , (n=1;2) was obtained by melting zone travelling. The crystals show transition to superconducting state at T=93K, ΔT 0.2-0.5 K (Y, Ba cuprate), T=87K, ΔT 2K (Bi, Sr, Ca-cuprate). La, Sr-cuprate single crystals obtained by Czochralski method did not show transition to superconducting state. For flux-grown crystals T c was 5-26 K depending on the composition, growth and heat treatment. The short characterization of some accessory phases (Ba 3 Y 2 Cu 3 PtO 10 , Casub(1.75)Srsub(1.5)Cusub(0.75)PtO 6 , BaCuO 2 , Ba 41 Cu 44 O 84 Cl 2 ) is reported. (author). 15 ref s., 8 figs

Probing Amorphous Components in High Temperature TE Materials by in situ Total Scattering and the Pair Distribution Function (PDF) Method

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reardon, Hazel; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt; Blichfeld, Anders Bank

-I clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge30. This suggests that local structure reorientations in the cage are likely to be the root cause of the degradation of the structure. This deepens our understanding of disordered clathrates, and provides evidence that the PDF technique is an effective method for probing local structure.......e., by measuring both the Bragg and diffuse scattering from a sample. This method has rarely been exploited by the non-oxide thermoelectrics community. , , Treating total scattering data by the Pair Distribution Function method is a logical approach to understanding defects, disorder and amorphous components...... to heating cycles, then we are closer to distinguishing how we may generate materials that do not undergo specific structure reorientation processes, and/or how we may mitigate them before they occur. Here, we will present a total scattering and PDF study that probes the local structure of the Type...

Crecimiento y caracterización de monocristales superconductores de alta temperatura crítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. T. Corredor

2003-07-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta, detalladamente, el procedimiento para la implementación de la técnica de auto-flujo para el crecimiento de monocristales superconductores de alta temperatura crítica. Fueron producidos monocristales de las familias YBa2Cu3O7-δ y CaLaBaCu3O7-δ mediante dicha técnica. El carácter superconductor de los mismo se corroboró a través de mediciones de resistividad eléctrica y susceptibilidad magnética AC. Las características cristalográficas y morfológicas se estudiaron por medio de difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM, microscopía metalográfica y análisis de rayos X por dispersión de energía (EDX respectivamente. Los resultados de estas caracterizaciones muestran que todos los monocristales superconductores de YBa2Cu3O7-δ son de excelente calidad. Adicionalmente, se obtuvo una muestra de la composición de CaLaBaCu3O7-δ con buenas propiedades morfolóficas, lo cual evidenció crecimiento orientado en los planos (h k 0.

A spectroscopic study of the structure and occupancies of clathrate hydrates incorporating hydrogen

Science.gov (United States)

Grim, R. Gary

With the ability to store and concentrate gases inside a clean and abundant water framework, clathrate hydrates are considered to be a promising material for many applications related to gas storage, separation, and sequestration. Hydrates of hydrogen are particularly interesting, for in addition to these potential applications, the small molecular size provides an opportunity for use as a model guest in many fundamental studies such as guest diffusion, multiple guest occupancy, and quantum mechanical effects upon confinement. In attempt to study these effects and the viability of H 2 hydrates as an energy storage material, a combined experimental and theoretical approach incorporating Raman spectroscopy, X-ray and neutron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, ab-initio calculations, and molecular dynamic simulations was performed. One of the most significant challenges in the application of H2 clathrate hydrates is the demanding thermodynamic requirements needed for stability. In recent years, a mechanism known as the `tuning' effect had reportedly solved this issue where thermodynamic requirements could be reduced while simultaneously maintaining high storage capacities. In this work, the viability and validity of this technique is explored and alternative explanations in the form of epitaxial hydrate growth under high driving force conditions are discussed. A second, and equally important challenge facing clathrate hydrates as a future storage material is the overall storage capacity of H2. In previous work, H2 has only been experimentally verified to occupy the small 512 and 43566 3 cages and also in the large 51264 cages of the type II clathrate, often with an energy deficient promoter. In order to achieve more robust energy densities, other hydrate cages must be accessible. Herein a new method for increasing overall hydrate energy densities is presented involving the incorporation of H2 in the large cages of the type I clathrate with CH4 as a co

Novel nanotechnology for efficient production of binary clathrate hydrates of hydrogen and other compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Di Profio, P.; Arca, S.; Germani, R.; Savelli, G. [Perugia Univ., Perugia (Italy). Dept. of Chemistry, Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials

2008-07-01

The development of a hydrogen-based economy depends on finding ways to store hydrogen, but current hydrogen storage methods have significant disadvantages. One main challenge in storing sufficient amounts of hydrogen (up to 4 weight per cent) into a clathrate matrix is that of a kinetic origin, in that the mass transfer of hydrogen gas into clathrate structures is significantly limited by the macroscopic scale of the gas-liquid or gas-ice interfaces involved. This paper discussed the possibility of storing hydrogen in clathrate hydrates. It presented a newly developed method for preparing binary hydrogen hydrates that is based on the formation of amphiphile-aided nanoemulsions. Nanotechnology is used to reduce the size of hydrate particles to a few nanometers, thereby minimizing the kinetic hindrance to hydrate formation. This process has potential for increasing the amount of hydrogen stored, as it has provided ca. 1 weight per cent of hydrogen. Two new co-formers were also successfully tested, namely cyclopentane and tetrahydrothiophene. 23 refs., 10 figs.

Hydration of krypton and consideration of clathrate models of hydrophobic effects from the perspective of quasi-chemical theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashbaugh, Henry S; Asthagiri, D; Pratt, Lawrence R; Rempe, Susan B

2003-09-01

Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) results on a krypton-water liquid solution are presented and compared to recent XAFS results for the radial hydration structure for a Kr atom in liquid water solution. Though these AIMD calculations have important limitations of scale, the comparisons with the liquid solution results are satisfactory and significantly different from the radial distributions extracted from the data on the solid Kr/H(2)O clathrate hydrate phase. The calculations also produce the coordination number distribution that can be examined for metastable coordination structures suggesting possibilities for clathrate-like organization; none are seen in these results. Clathrate pictures of hydrophobic hydration are discussed, as is the quasi-chemical theory that should provide a basis for clathrate pictures. Outer shell contributions are discussed and estimated; they are positive and larger than the positive experimental hydration free energy of Kr(aq), implying that inner shell contributions must be negative and of comparable size. Clathrate-like inner shell hydration structures on a Kr atom solute are obtained for some, but not all, of the coordination number cases observed in the simulation. The structures found have a delicate stability. Inner shell coordination structures extracted from the simulation of the liquid, and then subjected to quantum chemical optimization, always decomposed. Interactions with the outer shell material are decisive in stabilizing coordination structures observed in liquid solution and in clathrate phases. The primitive quasi-chemical estimate that uses a dielectric model for the influence of the outer shell material on the inner shell equilibria gives a contribution to hydration free energy that is positive and larger than the experimental hydration free energy. The 'what are we to tell students' question about hydrophobic hydration, often answered with structural clathrate pictures, is then considered; we propose an

Method of fabricating a (1223) Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductor

Science.gov (United States)

Tkaczyk, J.E.; Lay, K.W.; He, Q.

1997-07-08

A method is disclosed for fabricating a polycrystalline thallium-containing superconductor having high critical current at elevated temperatures and in the presence of a magnetic field. A powder precursor containing compounds other than thallium is compressed on a substrate. Thallium is incorporated in the densified powder precursor at a high temperature in the presence of a partial pressure of a thallium-containing vapor. 2 figs.

Persistence of slow fluctuations in the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe_1-xRh_x)₂As₂ superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bossoni, L. [Univ. of Pavia (Italy); Leiden Univ. (Netherlands); Moroni, M. [Univ. of Pavia (Italy); Julien, M. H. [Leiden Univ. (Netherlands); Canfield, Paul C. [Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Mayaffre, H. [Leiden Univ. (Netherlands); Reyes, A. [National High Magnetic Field Lab., Tallahassee, FL (United States); Halperin, W. P. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Carretta, P. [Univ. of Pavia (Italy)

2016-04-15

We present nuclear magnetic resonance evidence that very slow (1 MHz) spin fluctuations persist into the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe_1-xRh_x)₂As₂ superconductors. Measurements of the ⁷⁵As spin echo decay rate, obtained both with Hahn Echo and Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill pulse sequences, show that the slowing down of spin uctuations can be described by short-range diffusive dynamics, likely involving domain walls motions separating (π/a, 0) from (0, π/a) correlated regions. This slowing down of the fluctuations is weakly sensitive to the external magnetic field and, although fading away with doping, it extends deeply into the overdoped regime.

Homogeneous-inhomogeneous models of Ag x (Ge0.25Se0.75)100-x bulk glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arcondo, B.; Urena, M.A.; Piarristeguy, A.; Pradel, A.; Fontana, M.

2007-01-01

Ge-Se system presents an extensive glass forming composition range even when different metals (Ag, Sb, Bi) are added. In spite that the addition of Ag (up to 30 at%) to Ge-Se does not affect substantially the glass forming tendency, it impacts significantly on the transport properties. (Ge 0.25 Se 0.75 ) 100- x Ag x is a fast ionic conductor with x≥8 at% whereas it is a semiconductor for x 0.25 Se 0.75 ) 100- x Ag x bulk samples. These results appear to sustain this model. However previous structural and thermal studies oppose it. Moessbauer spectrometry on samples (0≤x≤25) containing 0.5 at% of 57 Fe is performed at T≤300 K. The main contribution to the glasses spectra correspond to low spin Fe 2+ in octahedral coordination and high spin Fe 2+ in distorted octahedral environments. The relative population of both sites changes continuously as Ag concentration varies denoting that the change in the transport behavior obeys to a percolation phenomenon. The low temperature results are discussed with the aim to throw light on the controversy about the homogeneity-inhomogeneity of the studied bulk glasses

Studies of a Target System for a 4-MW, 24-GeV Proton Beam

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

We propose to perform a proof-of-principle test of a target station suitable for a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider source using a 24-GeV proton beam incident on a target consisting of a free mercury jet that is inside a 15- T capture solenoid magnet. This test could be performed in the TT2A tunnel of the nTOF proton line (upstream of the spallation target). The tests would require only $\\approx$ 100 fast-extracted pulses of full PS intensity, delivered in a pulse-on-demand mode of operation over about 2 weeks. The main piece of apparatus is the LN2-precooled, 15- T copper magnet of total volume slightly over 1 m$^{3}$ with a 15-cm-diameter warm bore. The principle diagnostic is a high-speed optical camera. The mercury jet is part of a closed mercury loop that includes an insert into the bore of the magnet.

Superconductivity above 90K in the Y-Ba-Cu-O compound system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paterno, G.; Balestrino, G.; Barbanera, S.

1987-01-01

Preliminary results on high Tc superconductors are reported. One of Y-Ba-Cu-O compound system has been fabricated. The temperature dependence of the resistance has been determined. The critical temperature of the samples annealed in Oxygen atmosphere is well above the normal boiling point of liquid nitrogen

Irradiation damage in superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quere, Y.

1989-01-01

Most superconductors are quite sensitive to irradiation defects. Critical temperatures may be depressed, critical currents may be increased, by irradiation, but other behaviours may be encountered. In compounds, the sublattice in which defects are created is of significant importance. 24 refs

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of SrGeO3 high-pressure perovskite phase at 100 K

Science.gov (United States)

Nakatsuka, Akihiko; Arima, Hiroshi; Ohtaka, Osamu; Fujiwara, Keiko; Yoshiasa, Akira

2017-10-01

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of SrGeO3 perovskite (cubic; space group Pmɜ¯m) synthesized at 6 GPa and 1223 K was conducted at a low temperature of 100 K. The residual electron density revealed the presence of the bonding electron at the center of the Ge-O bond, in accordance with our previous conclusion that the Ge-O bond is strongly covalent. From comparison with our previous structure-refinement result at 296 K, the mean square displacement (MSD) of the O atom in the direction of the Ge-O bond is suggested to exhibit no significant temperature dependence, in contrast to that in the direction perpendicular to the bond. Thus, the strong covalency of the Ge-O bond can have a large influence on the temperature dependence of thermal vibration of the O atom.

Critical currents and thermally activated flux motion in high-temperature superconductors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Palstra, T.T.M.; Batlogg, B.; Dover, R.B. van; Schneemeyer, L.F.; Waszczak, J.V.

1989-01-01

We have measured the resistance below Tc of single crystals of the high-temperature superconductors Ba2YCu3O7 and Bi2.2Sr2Ca0.8Cu2O8+δ in magnetic fields up to 12 T. The resistive transition of both compounds is dominated by intrinsic dissipation which is thermally activated, resulting in an

Electron-$\\gamma$ - perturbed angular correlation studies on high-T$_{C}$ superconductors

CERN Document Server

Correia, J G; Marques, J G; Ramos, A R; Lourenço, A A; Amaral, V S; Galindo, V; Senateur, J P; Weiss, F; Wahl, U; Melo, A A; Soares, J C; Sousa, J B

2000-01-01

Recent results on the study of high-T$_{c}$ superconductors using the e$^-\\!-\\gamma$ perturbed angular correlation technique are presented. The basic features of the experimental equipment and its installation at the ISOLDE facility are briefly described. Results obtained from $^{197m}$Hg implanted into high quality Y$_{1}$Ba$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+\\delta}$ epitaxy thin films are presented and discussed.

24 CFR 100.303 - 62 or over housing.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false 62 or over housing. 100.303 Section 100.303 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT FAIR HOUSING...

Surface geometry of BaO on W(100): A surface-extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shih, A.; Hor, C.; Elam, W.; Kirkland, J.; Mueller, D.

1991-01-01

A surface-extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure study of ordered monolayers of coadsorbed barium and oxygen on a single-crystal W(100) surface is described. A (√2 x √2 )R45 degree structure with a stoichiometric barium-to-oxygen ratio, and a (2 √2 x √2 )R45 degree structure with a nearly 1:2 barium-to-oxygen atomic ratio both form on W(100). The surface-extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure results indicate that all the barium and oxygen atoms are nearly coplanar in the (√2 x √2 )R45 degree overlayer. The Ba-to-O distance in this overlayer is 3.20 ±0.05 A and β=82 degree ±5 degree, where β is the angle between the Ba-O internuclear axis and the surface normal. For the (2 √2 x √2 )R45 degree overlayer, there are two types of oxygen sites. Oxygen atoms nearly coplanar with the barium atoms are also present in these films with a Ba-to-O distance of 3.27±0.05 A and β=75±4 degree. Additional oxygen atoms lie outside the barium plane at a distance 2.03±0.05 A and β=23±10 degree from the nearest barium atoms

Photo-induced effects of the virgin Ge{sub 24.9}Sb{sub 11.6}S{sub 63.5} film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knotek, P., E-mail: petr.knotek@upce.cz [University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice (Czech Republic); Tichy, L. [Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, AS CR, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, 162 06 Prague (Czech Republic); Kutalek, P. [University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Joint Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry of Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., and University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice (Czech Republic)

2015-11-02

Amorphous Ge{sub 24.9}Sb{sub 11.6}S{sub 63.5} film was prepared through thermal evaporation. A blue shift of the optical band gap by approximately 100 meV was observed as a result of self-bleaching process of protected film aged for two years. The magnitude of the light induced blue shift of the optical band of the virgin film is primarily dependent on the light penetration depth and on the light intensity. The kinetics of photo-bleaching follows the stretch exponential function with a formal rate of bleaching depending on the light intensity while the saturated state is independent from the light intensity. The far infrared spectra indicate that ageing, illumination by over-band gap-photons and annealing of the virgin film are mainly accompanied by the film network ordering. Illumination by UV light photons led to a blue shift accompanied by the significant oxidation as evidenced by the results of the far infrared spectra and the energy dispersive analysis. - Highlights: • “Giant” photo-induced effects in virgin Ge{sub 24.9}Sb{sub 11.6}S{sub 63.5} film • The role of the film thickness, the wavelengths and intensity of excitation photons • The changes of the photo-sensitivity due to the self-ageing process • The high-intensity illumination (> 10 W/cm{sup 2}) led to the different processes.

Effects of artificial holes in very large single-grain Y{sub 1.5}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-y} bulk superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, S. D.; Jun, B. H.; Kim, C. J. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Park, H. W. [Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of)

2017-09-15

The effects of artificial holes on the trapped magnetic fields and magnetic levitation forces of very large single-grain Y{sub 1.5}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-y} (Y1.5) bulk superconductors were studied. Artificial holes were made for Y1.5 powder compacts by die pressing using cylindrical dies with a diameter of 30 mm or 40 m, or rectangular dies with a side length of 50 mm. The single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors (25 mm, 33 mm in diameter and 42 mm in side length) with artificial holes were fabricated using a top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process for the die-pressed Y1.5 powder compacts. The magnetic levitation forces at 77 K of the 25 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with one (diameters of 4.2 mm) or six artificial holes (diameters of 2.5 mm) were 10-17% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The trapped magnetic fields at 77 K of the Y1.5 samples with artificial holes were also 9.6-18% higher than that of the Y1.5 sample without artificial holes. The 33 mm and 42 mm single grain Y1.5 samples with artificial holes (2.5 mm and 4.2 mm in diameter) also showed trapped magnetic fields 10-13% higher than that of the Y1.5 samples without artificial holes in spite of the reduced superconducting volume fraction due to the presence of artificial holes. The property enhancement in the large single grain Y1.5 bulk superconductors appears to be attributed to the formation of the pore-free regions near the artificial holes and the homogeneous oxygen distribution in the large Y123 grains.

Origin and Luminescence of Anomalous Red-Emitting Center in Rhombohedral Ba9Lu2Si6O24:Eu(2+) Blue Phosphor.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yongfu; Zhang, Changhua; Cheng, Zhixuan; Zhou, Zhi; Jiang, Jun; Jiang, Haochuan

2016-09-06

We obtain a blue phosphor, Ba9Lu2Si6O24:Eu(2+) (BLS:Eu(2+)), which shows a strong emission peak at 460 nm and a weak tail from 460 to 750 nm. A 610 nm red emission is observed for the first time in this kind of rhombohedral structure material, which is much different from the same crystal structure of Ba9Sc2Si6O24:Eu(2+) and Ba9Y2Si6O24:Eu(2+). The luminescence properties and decays from 10 to 550 K are discussed. The new red emission arises from a trapped exciton state of Eu(2+) at the Ba site with a larger coordination number (12-fold). It exhibits abnormal luminescence properties with a broad bandwidth and a large Stokes shift. Under the 400 nm excitation, the external quantum efficiency of BLS:Eu(2+) is 45.4%, which is higher than the 35.7% for the commercial blue phosphor BAM:Eu(2+). If the thermal stability of BLS:Eu(2+) can be improved, it will show promising applications in efficient near-UV-based white LEDs.

Critical current density of four-CuO2-layer T1Ba2Ca3Cu4O11-δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, L.; Liu, J.Z.; Shelton, R.N.

1998-01-01

Full text: A key requirement for technological application is to have superconductors with high critical current density at practical operating temperatures and magnetic fields. The critical current density is strongly related to underlying properties of high T c superconductors, such as layering, anisotropy and other intrinsic material structures. The thallium-based superconductors attracted much attention at early stage mainly due to their high superconducting transitions. Recent studies show that these materials appear to be a better choice for achieving higher critical current density because of a stronger interlayer coupling between superconducting layers. Single crystals of TlBa 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 11-δ were grown by a self-flux method. This material is a strong-layered superconductor with four-CuO 2 -planes in a unit cell and a superconducting transition temperature of 128K. Our experimental results show that TlBa 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 11-δ crystals have high irreversibility line, large critical current density and high upper critical field. The impact of layering and the number of Cu-O layers on flux pinning, critical current density and other magnetic properties will also be discussed

Oxygen diffusion in cuprate superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Routbort, J.L.; Rothman, S.J.

1995-01-01

Superconducting properties of the cuprate superconductors depend on the oxygen content of the material; the diffusion of oxygen is thus an important process in the fabrication and application of these materials. This article reviews studies of the diffusion of oxygen in La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 , YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- δ, YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 , and the Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O 2+4 (n = 1, and 2) superconductors, and attempt to elucidate the atomic mechanisms responsible

Thioaluminogermanate M(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (M = Na, Ag, Cu): Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Characterization, Ion-Exchange and Solid-State 27Al and 23Na NMR Spectroscopy

KAUST Repository

Alahmary, Fatimah S.

2018-03-14

The new thioaluminogermanate Na(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (1) was successfully synthesized by a direct combination reaction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (no. 14) with unit cell parameters a = 6.803(3) Å, b = 38.207(2) Å, c = 6.947(4) Å, and β = 119.17(3)°. The crystal structure is composed of a [(AlS2)(GeS2)4]− 3D polyanionic network, in which Al and Ge atoms share the atomic positions and Na cations occupy the channels and voids formed by the connection of (Ge/Al)S4 tetrahedra. The title compound shows a cation-exchange property with monovalent Ag+ and Cu+ ions at room temperature in solvent media, resulting in the formation of the isostructural compounds Ag(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (2) and Cu(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (3), respectively. The ion-exchange products Ag(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (2) and Cu(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (3) show higher air stability and narrower bandgap energies compared to those of the parent compound Na(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (1).

Thioaluminogermanate M(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (M = Na, Ag, Cu): Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Characterization, Ion-Exchange and Solid-State 27Al and 23Na NMR Spectroscopy

KAUST Repository

Alahmary, Fatimah S.; Davaasuren, Bambar; Emwas, Abdul-Hamid M.; Rothenberger, Alexander

2018-01-01

The new thioaluminogermanate Na(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (1) was successfully synthesized by a direct combination reaction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (no. 14) with unit cell parameters a = 6.803(3) Å, b = 38.207(2) Å, c = 6.947(4) Å, and β = 119.17(3)°. The crystal structure is composed of a [(AlS2)(GeS2)4]− 3D polyanionic network, in which Al and Ge atoms share the atomic positions and Na cations occupy the channels and voids formed by the connection of (Ge/Al)S4 tetrahedra. The title compound shows a cation-exchange property with monovalent Ag+ and Cu+ ions at room temperature in solvent media, resulting in the formation of the isostructural compounds Ag(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (2) and Cu(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (3), respectively. The ion-exchange products Ag(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (2) and Cu(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (3) show higher air stability and narrower bandgap energies compared to those of the parent compound Na(AlS2)(GeS2)4 (1).

Synthesis and properties of Tl endash Ba endash Ca endash Cu endash O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siegal, M.P.; Venturini, E.L.; Morosin, B.; Aselage, T.L.

1997-01-01

We review the synthesis methods and properties of single crystal, powder and thin film TlBaCaCuO high-temperature superconducting (Tl-HTS) materials. With transition temperatures ≥100K for several compounds, Tl-HTS materials present real opportunities for applications above 77 K. Experiments using (1) single crystals: determined precise structural parameters and identified the complex Tl 1+ -Tl 3+ equilibrium model; (2) powders: studied the complex thermodynamic phase diagram; and (3) epitaxial films: have studied fundamental properties such as electron pair symmetry and the effect of controlled extrinsic defects on flux pinning strength, as well as providing the large-area surfaces required for device applications. copyright 1997 Materials Research Society

Preparation of silver doped high temperature superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stavek, Jiri; Zapletal, Vladimir

1989-01-01

High temperature superconductors were prepared by the controlled double-jet precipitation to manipulate the chemical composition, composition gradients, average grain size, grain size distribution, and other factors which contribute to the actual properties and performance of HTSC. The cations (Y-Ba-Cu or Bi-Pb-Ca-Sr-Cu) and oxalic anions solutions were simultaneously separately introduced to the crystallizer with a stirred solution of gelatin under conditions where the temperature, excess of oxalic anions in solution, pH, reactant addition rate, and other reaction conditions were tightly controlled to prepare the high sinterability powder. To increase the sinterability of submicron particles of produced precursor, the silver ions were introduced at the end of the controlled double-jet precipitation. This approach improves the electrical and mechanical properties of produced HTSC specimens. The controlled double jet precipitation provides a viable technique for preparation of oxide superconductors and the process is amenable for scaling up

Polymorphism in Br2 clathrate hydrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Goldschleger, I U; Kerenskaya, G; Janda, K C; Apkarian, V A

2008-02-07

The structure and composition of bromine clathrate hydrate has been controversial for more than 170 years due to the large variation of its observed stoichiometries. Several different crystal structures were proposed before 1997 when Udachin et al. (Udachin, K. A.; Enright, G. D.; Ratcliffe, C. I.; Ripmeester, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11481) concluded that Br2 forms only the tetragonal structure (TS-I). We show polymorphism in Br2 clathrate hydrates by identifying two distinct crystal structures through optical microscopy and resonant Raman spectroscopy on single crystals. After growing TS-I crystals from a liquid bromine-water solution, upon dropping the temperature slightly below -7 degrees C, new crystals of cubic morphology form. The new crystals, which have a limited thermal stability range, are assigned to the CS-II structure. The two structures are clearly distinguished by the resonant Raman spectra of the enclathrated Br2, which show long overtone progressions and allow the extraction of accurate vibrational parameters: omega(e) = 321.2 +/- 0.1 cm(-1) and omega(e)x(e) = 0.82 +/- 0.05 cm(-1) in TS-I and omega(e) = 317.5 +/- 0.1 cm(-1) and omega(e)x(e) = 0.70 +/- 0.1 cm(-1) in CS-II. On the basis of structural analysis, the discovery of the CS-II crystals implies stability of a large class of bromine hydrate structures and, therefore, polymorphism.

A new series of oxycarbonate superconductors (Cu{sub 0.5}C{sub 0.5}){sub m}Ba{sub m+1}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub 2}({sub m+n})+1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takayama-Muromachi, E.; Kawashima, T.; Matsui, Y. [National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Ibaraki (Japan)

1994-12-31

We found a new series of oxycarbonate superconductors in the Ba-Ca-Cu-C-O system under high pressure of 5 GPa. Their ideal formula is (Cu{sub 0.5}C{sub 0.5}){sub m}Ba{sub m+1}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub 2}({sub m+n})+1 ((Cu,C)-m(m+1)(n-1)n). Thus far, n=3, 4 members of the m=1 series, (Cu,C)-1223 and (Cu,C)-1234, have been prepared in bulk while n=4, 5 members, (Cu,C)-2334 and (Cu,C)-2345, have been prepared for the m=2 series. (Cu,C)-1223 shows superconductivity below 67 K while T{sub c}`s of other compounds are above 110 K. In particular, (Cu,C)=1234 has the highest T{sub c} of 117 K.

A study of the Nb3Ge system by Ge K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saini, N L; Filippi, M; Wu Ziyu; Oyanagi, H; Ihara, H; Iyo, A; Agrestini, S; Bianconi, A

2002-01-01

The local structure of Nb 3 Ge intermetallic superconductor has been studied by Ge K-edge absorption spectroscopy. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments show two Ge-Nb distances. In addition to the crystallographic distance of ∼2.87 A, there exists a second Ge-Nb distance, shorter than the first by ∼0.2 A, assigned to a phase with short-range symmetry related to local displacements in the Nb-Nb chains. The x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum has been simulated by full multiple-scattering calculations considering the local displacements determined by the EXAFS analysis. The XANES spectrum has been well reproduced by considering a cluster of 99 atoms within a radius of about 7 A from the central Ge atom and introducing determined local displacements

Oxygen diffusion in high-Tc superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rothman, S.J.; Routbort, J.L.

1992-07-01

The cuprate superconductors are fascinating not only because of their technical promise, but also because of their structures, especially the anisotropy of the crystal lattice. There are some structural similarities among these compounds, but also significant differences. Measurements of the oxygen tracer diffusion coefficients have been carried out as a function of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, crystal orientation, and doping in the La-Sr-Cu-0, Y-Ba-Cu-0, and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 systems. These measurements have revealed a variety of defect mechanisms operating in these compounds; the exact nature of the mechanism depends on the details of the structure

Superconductivity in the U(Th)-Y-Ba-Cu-O systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Qizong; He Adi; Jia Weijie; Ma Lidun; Cheng Huansheng; Hua Zhongyi

1989-01-01

High T c superconductivity has been observed both resistively and magnetically in the new U(Th)-Y-Ba-Cu-O systems. The zero resistance temperature of the three samples with nominal composition of U 0.1 Y 1.1 Ba 0.8 Cu O 4-z , U 0.15 Y 1.05 Ba 0.8 Cu 4-z and Th 0.3 Y 0.8 Ba 0.8 Cu 4-z is 87K, 79K and 74K, respectively. The result of ac magnetic susceptibility measurement implies that the superconducting state is realized in the U-doped samples below 90K. The stoichimetry of the U-Y-Ba-Cu O superconductors has the aid of Rutherford backscattering and nuclear reaction 16 O(d, p) 17 O. The analytical results show that the 'real composition' of somples may be different from that of the nomial composition. The X ray diffraction analysis of the U-Y-Ba-Cu-O system shows that none of the peaks can be fitted to the uranium oxides and the other raw materiale structure, and its pattern may be attributed to new multiple phases with structure different from the known singlephase superconducting oxides

Phase Equilibria Relationships of High-Tc Superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wong-Ng, Winnie

2011-01-01

As an integral part of a R and D program partially supported by the Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Office of DOE, we have determined phase equilibria data and phase diagrams for the three generations of superconductor materials: 1st generation, (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca- Cu-O systems; 2nd generation, Ba-R-Cu-O systems (R=lanthanides and yttrium); and 3rd generation, MgB2 systems. Our studies involved bulk materials, single crystals and thin films. This report gives a summary of our accomplishments, a list of publications, and 15 selected journal publications.

Interfacial reactions of Ba 2YCu 3O 6+z with coated conductor buffer layer, LaMnO 3

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, G.; Wong-Ng, W.; Kaduk, J. A.; Cook, L. P.

2010-03-01

Chemical interactions between the Ba 2YCu 3O 6+x superconductor and the LaMnO 3 buffer layers employed in coated conductors have been investigated experimentally by determining the phases formed in the Ba 2YCu 3O 6+x-LaMnO 3 system. The Ba 2YCu 3O 6+x-LaMnO 3 join within the BaO-(Y 2O 3-La 2O 3)-MnO 2-CuO x multi-component system is non-binary. At 810 °C ( pO2 = 100 Pa) and at 950 °C in purified air, four phases are consistently present along the join, namely, Ba 2-x(La 1+x-yY y)Cu 3O 6+z, Ba(Y 2-xLa x)CuO 5, (La 1-xY x)MnO 3, (La,Y)Mn 2O 5. The crystal chemistry and crystallography of Ba(Y 2-xLa x)CuO 5 and (La 1-xY x)Mn 2O 5 were studied using the X-ray Rietveld refinement technique. The Y-rich and La-rich solid solution limits for Ba(Y 2-xLa x)CuO 5 are Ba(Y 1.8La 0.2)CuO 5 and Ba(Y 0.1La 1.9)CuO 5, respectively. The structure of Ba(Y 1.8La 0.2)CuO 5 is Pnma (No. 62), a = 12.2161(5) Å, b = 5.6690(2) Å, c = 7.1468(3) Å, V = 494.94(4) Å 3, and D x = 6.29 g cm -3. YMn 2O 5 and LaMn 2O 5 do not form solid solution at 810 °C ( pO2 = 100 Pa) or at 950 °C (in air). The structure of YMn 2O 5 was confirmed to be Pbam (No. 55), a = 7.27832(14) Å, b = 8.46707(14) Å, c = 5.66495(10) Å, and V = 349.108(14) Å 3. A reference X-ray pattern was prepared for YMn 2O 5.

Deep penetration hadron cascade calculations and comparisons to measurements in iron at 24 GeV/c

CERN Document Server

Gobel, K; Routti, J T

1973-01-01

Monte-Carlo methods are used to simulate extranuclear hadron cascades resulting from a high energy proton beam incident on a block of material. The calculated star and energy deposition densities compare favourably to measurements with activation and dose meters, respectively, in a large muon stopper made of iron and irradiated by a 24 GeV/c proton beam at the CERN Proton Synchrotron. Results of calculations at 200-400 GeV/c are also presented. (11 refs).

Surface transport properties of Fe-based superconductors: The influence of degradation and inhomogeneity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plecenik, T.; Gregor, M.; Sobota, R.; Truchly, M.; Satrapinskyy, L.; Kus, P.; Plecenik, A. [Department of Experimental Physics, FMPI, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava (Slovakia); Kurth, F.; Holzapfel, B.; Iida, K. [Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, P. O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden (Germany)

2013-07-29

Surface properties of Co-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} epitaxial superconducting thin films were inspected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM), and point contact spectroscopy (PCS). It has been shown that surface of Fe-based superconductors degrades rapidly if being exposed to air, what results in suppression of gap-like structure on PCS spectra. Moreover, SSRM measurements revealed inhomogeneous surface conductivity, what is consistent with strong dependence of PCS spectra on contact position. Presented results suggest that fresh surface and small probing area should be assured for surface sensitive measurements like PCS to obtain intrinsic properties of Fe-based superconductors.

The crystal structure and electronic properties of a new metastable non-stoichiometric BaAl{sub 4}-type compound crystallized from amorphous La{sub 6}Ni{sub 34}Ge{sub 60} alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, Masashi [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Suzuki, Shoichiro [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Ohsuna, Tetsu [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Matsubara, Eiichiro [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Endo, Satoshi [Center for Low Temperature Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Inoue, Akihisa [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan)

2004-11-17

A new metastable La-Ge-Ni ternary BaAl{sub 4}-type (ThCr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}-type) compound, of which the space group is I4/mmm is synthesized. It is obtained by a polymorphic transformation from an La{sub 6}Ni{sub 34}Ge{sub 60} amorphous alloy on crystallizing. The formula of the compound is (La{sub 0.3}Ge{sub 0.7})(Ni{sub 0.85}Ge{sub 0.15}){sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. This indicates that it is highly non-stoichiometric compared to the stoichiometric LaNi{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. It is found that the c-axis lattice parameter of this compound is much longer than that of LaNi{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. It should be noted that the longer c-axis unit cell parameter is attributable only to the longer interlayer distance between Ge site and Ni site layers. The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power of the (La{sub 0.3}Ge{sub 0.7})(Ni{sub 0.85}Ge{sub 0.15}){sub 2}Ge{sub 2} compound and La{sub 6}Ni{sub 34}Ge{sub 60} amorphous alloy are also clarified. The comparison of these electronic properties between the two materials indicates that sp-electrons mainly contribute to the density of states around the Fermi level of this compound.

Particle-hole states in 138Ba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bondarenko, V.A.; Khitrov, V.A.; Popov, Yu.P.; Brant, S.; Paar, V.; Simicic, L.

1995-01-01

The thermal-neutron-capture gamma rays and γγ-coincidences were measured by means of Ge detectors. Using primary and secondary (n, γ) data, the level scheme of 138 Ba was established with 63 levels up to an excitation energy of 5 MeV. The level energies and (d, p) transfer data were compared with model predictions of the interacting boson-fermion-fermion model. As shown, this model provides a basic understanding of the neutron particle-hole states of 138 Ba in the energy range of 3.5-5.0 MeV. ((orig.))

Phonon modes in Gd1-xCexBa2Cu3O7-δ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SH Mozaffari

2009-08-01

Full Text Available  XRD and Raman analyses were performed to probe the phase formation and the variation of the normal phonon frequencies of the high temperature superconductor GdBa2Cu3O7-δ upon Ce doping. It was found that in addition to the orthorhombic 123 phase, some nonsuperconducting peaks, which are mainly due to the BaCeO3 secondary phase, are also formed that suppress the superconducting transition temperature. Besides, analysis of the Raman peaks shows that substitutions of Ce for Gd in GdBa2Cu3O7-δ are restricted to low concentrations in favor of impurity island formation .

Singularity of the London penetration depth at quantum critical points in superconductors.

Science.gov (United States)

Chowdhury, Debanjan; Swingle, Brian; Berg, Erez; Sachdev, Subir

2013-10-11

We present a general theory of the singularity in the London penetration depth at symmetry-breaking and topological quantum critical points within a superconducting phase. While the critical exponents and ratios of amplitudes on the two sides of the transition are universal, an overall sign depends upon the interplay between the critical theory and the underlying Fermi surface. We determine these features for critical points to spin density wave and nematic ordering, and for a topological transition between a superconductor with Z2 fractionalization and a conventional superconductor. We note implications for recent measurements of the London penetration depth in BaFe2(As(1-x)P(x))2 [K. Hashimoto et al., Science 336, 1554 (2012)].

Improved superconductor for transmission line applications, phase I. Final report, January 1, 1975--June 30, 1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braginski, A.I.; Mauser, S.F.; Roland, G.W.; Burghardt, R.R.; Daniel, M.R.; Janocko, M.A.

1975-01-01

The analysis of an existing superconducting power transmission cable design indicated that economic benefits in the area of refrigeration can be derived from the substitution of Nb 3 Ge superconductor for the presently planned Nb 3 Sn. However, the cost of Nb 3 Ge must be comparable to that of Nb 3 Sn, which is achievable when preparing Nb 3 Ge by the chemical vapor deposition. Alternatively, technical benefits can be obtained. The most essential and prerequisite requirement is that the Nb 3 Ge critical current density be improved significantly over the present state-of-the art. Other properties of Nb 3 Ge are generally suitable for the transmission line application and/or require only moderate improvements. (auth)

Performance of ultrahigh resolution electron microscope JEM-4000EX and some applications of high Tc superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honda, T.; Ibe, K.; Ishida, Y.; Kersker, M.M.

1989-01-01

The high resolution electron microscope is powerful for modern materials science because of its direct observation capability for the atomic structure of materials. the JEM-4000EX, a 400 kV accelerating voltage electron microscope whose objective lens has a 1 mm spherical aberration coefficient, has a 0.168 nm theoretical resolving power. Using this microscope, atomic structure images of high Tc superconductor such as Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O and Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O are reported

Geochemistry of clathrate-derived methane in Arctic Ocean waters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elliott, S.M.; Reagan, M.T.; Moridis, G.J.; Cameron-Smith, P.J.

2010-03-15

Alterations to the composition of seawater are estimated for microbial oxidation of methane from large polar clathrate destabilizations, which may arise in the coming century. Gas fluxes are taken from porous flow models of warming Arctic sediment. Plume spread parameters are then used to bracket the volume of dilution. Consumption stoichiometries for the marine methanotrophs are based on growth efficiency and elemental/enzyme composition data. The nutritional demand implied by extra CH{sub 4} removal is compared with supply in various high latitude water masses. For emissions sized to fit the shelf break, reaction potential begins at one hundred micromolar and falls to order ten a thousand kilometers downstream. Oxygen loss and carbon dioxide production are sufficient respectively to hypoxify and acidify poorly ventilated basins. Nitrogen and the monooxygenase transition metals may be depleted in some locations as well. Deprivation is implied relative to existing ecosystems, along with dispersal of the excess dissolved gas. Physical uncertainties are inherent in the clathrate abundance, patch size, outflow buoyancy and mixing rate. Microbial ecology is even less defined but may involve nutrient recycling and anaerobic oxidizers.

London penetration depth measurements in Ba (Fe_1-xT_x)₂As₂(T=Co,Ni,Ru,Rh,Pd,Pt,Co+Cu) superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gordon, Ryan T. [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2011-01-01

The London penetration depth has been measured in various doping levels of single crystals of Ba(Fe_1-xT_x)₂As₂ (T=Co,Ni,Ru,Rh,Pd,Pt,Co+Cu) superconductors by utilizing a tunnel diode resonator (TDR) apparatus. All in-plane penetration depth measurements exhibit a power law temperature dependence of the form Δλ_ab(T) = CTⁿ, indicating the existence of low-temperature, normal state quasiparticles all the way down to the lowest measured temperature, which was typically 500 mK. Several different doping concentrations from the Ba(Fe_1-xT_x)₂As₂ (T=Co,Ni) systems have been measured and the doping dependence of the power law exponent, n, is compared to results from measurements of thermal conductivity and specific heat. In addition, a novel method has been developed to allow for the measurement of the zero temperature value of the in-plane penetration depth, λ_ab(0), by using TDR frequency shifts. By using this technique, the doping dependence of λ_ab(0) has been measured in the Ba(Fe_1-xCo_x)₂As₂ series, which has allowed also for the construction of the doping-dependent superfluid phase stiffness, ρ_s(T) = [λ(0)/λ(T)]². By studying the effects of disorder on these superconductors using heavy ion irradiation, it has been determined that the observed power law temperature dependence likely arises from pair-breaking impurity scattering contributions, which is consistent with the proposed s±-wave symmetry of the superconducting gap in the dirty scattering limit. This hypothesis is supported by the measurement of an exponential temperature dependence of the penetration depth in the intrinsically clean LiFeAs, indicative of a nodeless superconducting gap.

Effect of pressure on magnetism of UIrGe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pospíšil, Jiří; Haga, Yoshinori; Tateiwa, Naoyuki; Kambe, Shinsaku; Yamamoto, Etsuji; Gouchi, Jun; Uwatoko, Yoshiya; Nagasaki, Shoko; Honda, Fuminori; Homma, Yoshiya

2017-01-01

We report the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the electronic state of the antiferromagnet UIrGe, which is isostructural and isoelectronic with the ferromagnetic superconductors UCoGe and URhGe. A series of electrical resistivity measurements in a piston–cylinder-type cell and a cubic-anvil cell were performed at hydrostatic pressures up to 15 GPa. The Néel temperature decreases with increasing pressure. We constructed a p–T phase diagram and estimated the critical pressure p_c, where the antiferromagnetism vanishes, as ∼12 GPa. The antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic transition appears to be first order. We suggest a scenario of competing antiferromagnetic inter-J- and ferromagnetic intra-J*-chain interactions in UIrGe. A moderate increase in the effective electron mass was detected in the vicinity of p_c. A discussion of the electronic specific heat γ and electron–electron correlation term A using the Kadowaki–Woods relation is given. (author)

Inclusive kaon production in pp collisions at a momentum of 24 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaglobeli, N.S.; Garsevanishvili, V.R.; Kuratashvili, G.O.; Tevzadze, Yu.V.; Topuriya, T.P.; Esakiya, S.M.

1996-01-01

The total, topological, and differential cross sections for inclusive K- production in pp collisions at an incident momentum of 24 GeV/c are obtained. The experimental cross section for K- production is then used to estimate the cross section for K+ production in the model of quark fusion and recombination

Tunnelling spectroscopy of BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2}/Au/PbIn thin film junctions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doering, Sebastian; Schmidt, Stefan; Schmidl, Frank; Tympel, Volker; Grosse, Veit; Seidel, Paul [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena (Germany); Haindl, Silvia; Iida, Kazumasa; Kurth, Fritz; Holzapfel, Bernhard [IFW Dresden, Institut fuer Metallische Werkstoffe, Dresden (Germany)

2011-07-01

Tunnelling spectroscopy is an important tool to investigate the properties of iron-based superconductors. In contrast to commonly used point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) technique, we fabricated hybrid superconductor / normal metal / superconductor (SNS) thin film structures, with tunable barrier thickness and area. For the base electrode we use Ba(Fe{sub 0.9}Co{sub 0.1}){sub 2}As{sub 2} thin films, produced via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). A gold layer was sputtered to form the barrier, while the counter electrode material is the conventional superconductor PbIn with a T{sub c} of 7.2 K. For temperatures below 7.2 K the spectrum shows a subharmonic gap structure (SGS), described by an extended model of Octavio, Tinkham, Blonder and Klapwijk (OTBK), while at higher temperatures the SGS vanishes and an SN-like behaviour can be observed.

Formation of Y{sub x}Nd{sub 1-x}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (0{<=}x{<=}0.9) superconductors from an undercooled melt via aero-acoustic levitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gustafson, D.E.; Hofmeister, W.H.; Bayuzick, R.J.; Nagashio, K.; Kuribayashi, K

2003-01-20

This paper presents the results of rapid solidification experiments performed on the copper oxide superconductors Y{sub x}Nd{sub 1-x}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (0{<=}x{<=}0.9). Spherical rare earth (RE) 123 specimens were levitated in O{sub 2} using aero-acoustic levitation (AAL), melted with a laser, undercooled, and solidified. The peritectic transformation temperature for the reaction RE{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5}+liquid{yields}REBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} corresponding to the maximum recalescence temperature during solidification was determined. RE123 was formed directly from the melt for Y-Nd binary alloy compositions with Nd concentration greater than 20% (Y concentration less than 80%). A minimum in the peritectic transformation temperature for the Nd/Y123 system corresponding to a composition Y{sub 0.3}Nd{sub 0.7}123 was determined at 66 deg. C below the peritectic of pure Nd123.

Static Properties of Superconductor Journal Bearing Substator for Superconductor Flywheel Energy Storage System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, B. J.; Jung, S. Y.; Lee, J. P.; Park, B. C.; Jeong, N. H.; Sung, T. H.; Han, Y. H.

2008-01-01

A Superconductor Flywheel Energy Storage System(SFES) mainly consists of a pair of non-contacting High Temperature Superconductor(HTS) bearings that provide very low frictional losses, a composite flywheel with high energy storage density. The HTS bearings, which offer dynamic stability without active control, are the key technology that distinguishes the SFES from other flywheel energy storage devices, and great effort is being put into developing this technology. The Superconductor Journal Bearing(SJB) mainly consists of HTS bulks and a stator, which holds the HTS bulks and also acts as a cold head. Static properties of HTS bearings provide data to solve problems which may occur easily in a running system. Since stiffness to counter vibration is the main parameter in designing an HTS bearing system, we investigate SJB magnetic force through static properties between the Permanent Magnet(PM) and HTS. We measure stiffness in static condition and the results are used to determine the optimal number of HTS bulks for a 100kWh SFES.

New approach to calculate the true-coincidence effect of HpGe detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alnour, I. A., E-mail: aaibrahim3@live.utm.my, E-mail: ibrahim.elnour@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, International University of Africa, 12223 Khartoum (Sudan); Wagiran, H. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai,Johor (Malaysia); Ibrahim, N. [Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Hamzah, S.; Elias, M. S. [Malaysia Nuclear Agency (MNA), Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor D.E. (Malaysia); Siong, W. B. [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak (Malaysia)

2016-01-22

The corrections for true-coincidence effects in HpGe detector are important, especially at low source-to-detector distances. This work established an approach to calculate the true-coincidence effects experimentally for HpGe detectors of type Canberra GC3018 and Ortec GEM25-76-XLB-C, which are in operation at neutron activation analysis lab in Malaysian Nuclear Agency (NM). The correction for true-coincidence effects was performed close to detector at distances 2 and 5 cm using {sup 57}Co, {sup 60}Co, {sup 133}Ba and {sup 137}Cs as standard point sources. The correction factors were ranged between 0.93-1.10 at 2 cm and 0.97-1.00 at 5 cm for Canberra HpGe detector; whereas for Ortec HpGe detector ranged between 0.92-1.13 and 0.95-100 at 2 and 5 cm respectively. The change in efficiency calibration curve of the detector at 2 and 5 cm after correction was found to be less than 1%. Moreover, the polynomial parameters functions were simulated through a computer program, MATLAB in order to find an accurate fit to the experimental data points.

Dielectric relaxations in non-metallic materials related to Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bennani, H.; Pilet, J.C. (Lab. Instrumentation, Rennes-1 Univ., 35 (France)); Guilloux-Viry, M.; Perrin, C.; Perrin, A.; Sergent, M. (Lab. de Chimie Minerale B, C.N.R.S., 35 - Rennes (France))

1990-10-15

In relation with high Tc superconducting material studies, dielectric measurements have been carried out, in the frequency range 10 Hz - 100 kHz, on two powdered compounds belonging to the Y-Ba-Cu-O system. The non-metallic tetragonal phases YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} exhibit dielectric relaxations: for the studied samples (x<0.4) the activation energy U is observed in the range 0.5BaCuO{sub 5} has a lower activation energy U {approx equal} 0.4 eV and an entropy factor A {approx equal} 10{sup 10} Hz. A second dielectric relaxation has been detected at higher temperature, near 400 K. Additional measurements to 77 K at 1 MHz give a value of dielectric constant {epsilon}'=3 and a low loss factor tg{delta}=10{sup -3}: this latter value is comparable to the one of lanthanum gallate recently proposed as a substrate for high frequency uses. This result enhances the previously reported potential interest of this material as substrate or buffer layer for preparation of superconducting thin films for high frequency applications. (orig.).

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer analysis of Tm3+-doped BaF2-Ga2O3-GeO2-La2O3 glass.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Shenglei; Yang, Zhongmin; Xu, Shanhui

2010-05-01

This paper reports on the spectroscopic properties and energy transfer analysis of Tm(3+)-doped BaF(2)-Ga(2)O(3)-GeO(2)-La(2)O(3) glasses with different Tm(2)O(3) doping concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 3.5, 4.0 wt%). Mid-IR fluorescence intensities in the range of 1,300 nm-2,200 nm have been measured when excited under an 808 nm LD for all the samples with the same pump power. Energy level structure and Judd-Ofelt parameters have been calculated based on the absorption spectra of Tm(3+), cross-relaxation rates and multi-phonon relaxation rates have been estimated with different Tm(2)O(3) doping concentrations. The maximum fluorescence intensity at around 1.8 mum has been obtained in Tm(2)O(3)-3 wt% sample and the maximum value of calculated stimulated emission cross-section of Tm(3+) in this sample is about 0.48 x 10(-20) cm(2) at 1,793 nm, and there is not any crystallization peak in the DSC curve of this sample, which indicate the potential utility of Tm(3+)-doped BaF(2)-Ga(2)O(3)-GeO(2)- La(2)O(3) glass for 2.0-microm optical fiber laser.

The pion electromagnetic form factor in the time-like energy range 1.35≤√s≤2.4 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-10-01

The e + e - → π + π - cross section has been measured from about 280 events (an order of magnitude more than the previous world statistics) in the energy interval 1.35≤√s≤2.4 GeV with the DM2 detector at DCI. The pion squared form factor shows a deep minimum around 1.6 GeV/c 2 and is best fit under the hypothesis of two ρ like resonances ≅ 0.2 GeV/c 2 wide with 1.43 and 1.76 GeV/c 2 masses

Superconductivity in the Nb-Ru-Ge σ phase

Science.gov (United States)

Carnicom, Elizabeth M.; Xie, Weiwei; Sobczak, Zuzanna; Kong, Tai; Klimczuk, Tomasz; Cava, R. J.

2017-12-01

We show that the previously unreported ternary σ -phase material N b20.4R u5.7G e3.9 (N b0.68R u0.19G e0.13 ) is a superconductor with a critical temperature of 2.2 K. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, resistance, and specific-heat measurements were used to characterize the superconducting transition. The Sommerfeld constant γ for N b20.4R u5.7G e3.9 is 91 mJ mol f .u .-1K-2 (˜3 mJ mol ato m-1K-2 ) and the specific-heat anomaly at the superconducting transition, Δ C /γ Tc , is approximately 1.38. The zero-temperature upper critical field [μ0H c2(0 ) ] was estimated to be 2 T by resistance data. Field-dependent magnetization data analysis estimated μ0H c1(0 ) to be 5.5 mT. Thus, the characterization shows N b20.4R u5.7G e3.9 to be a type-II BCS superconductor. This material appears to be the first reported ternary phase in the Nb-Ru-Ge system, and the fact that there are no previously reported binary Nb-Ru, Nb-Ge, or Ru-Ge σ phases shows that all three elements are necessary to stabilize the material. An analogous σ phase in the Ta-Ru-Ge system did not display superconductivity above 1.7 K, which suggests that electron count cannot govern the superconductivity observed. Preliminary characterization of a possible superconducting σ phase in the Nb-Ru-Ga system is also reported.

Design and Development of a 100 MVA HTS Generator for Commercial Entry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2007-06-07

In 2002, General Electric and the US Department of Energy (DOE) entered into a cooperative agreement for the development of a commercialized 100 MVA generator using high temperature superconductors (HTS) in the field winding. The intent of the program was to: (1) identify and develop technologies that would be needed for such a generator; (2) develop conceptual designs for generators with ratings of 100 MVA and higher using HTS technology; (3) perform proof of concept tests at the 1.5 MW level for GE's proprietary warm iron rotor HTS generator concept; and (4) design, build, and test a prototype of a commercially viable 100 MVA generator that could be placed on the power grid. This report summarizes work performed during the program and is provided as one of the final program deliverables. The design for the HTS generator was based on GE's warm iron rotor concept in which a cold HTS coil is wound around a warm magnetic iron pole. This approach for rotating HTS electrical machinery provides the efficiency benefits of the HTS technology while addressing the two most important considerations for power generators in utility applications: cost and reliability. The warm iron rotor concept uses the least amount of expensive HTS wire compared to competing concepts and builds on the very high reliability of conventional iron core stators and armature windings.

Clathrate hydrates - the energy of the future an overview and a postulated formation mechanism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pratt, R.M.

2000-01-01

Clathrate hydrates are non-stoichiometric compounds that form when water and certain low molecular weight hydrocarbons coexist at high pressures and low temperatures. The majority of the earth hydrocarbons are in the hydrate phase and are primarily located along the ocean bottoms and to a lesser degree in the permafrost regions. In addition, hydrate formation is induced in undersea gas transmission lines and causes costly pipeline plugs and requires expensive inhibition measures to be taken. Therefore, both a stick and a carrot motivate hydrate research. They are a costly and dangerous nuisance to the oil and gas industry and represent a tremendous, untapped energy resource of the future. The formation mechanism of clathrate hydrate formation has always been shrouded in mystery, and an ongoing debate has ensued as to whether their formation is a bulk or surface phenomenon. Molecular dynamics simulation and fractal modeling suggest that this may be an irrelevant issue and that two independent factors contribute to the symmetrical ordered structure of clathrate hydrates: hydrophobic hydration of hydrocarbon molecules in water and formation of linked cavities as these small clusters aggregate. (Author)

Thickness-dependent radiative properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phelan, P.E.; Chen, G.; Tien, C.L.

1991-01-01

Some applications of high-temperature superconductors where their thermal radiative behavior is important, such as bolometers, optically-triggered switches and gates, and space-cooled electronics, required the superconductor to be in the form of a very thin film whose radiative behavior cannot be adequately represented by a semi-infinite analysis. Two properties of particular importance are the film absorptance and the combined film/substrate absorptance, which are crucial to the operation of many devices. This paper reports on calculations of the absorptance of superconducting-state Y-Ba-Cu-O films on MgO substrates which suggest that for film thicknesses less than about 50 nm, a decrease in the film thickness leads to an increase in both the film absorptance and the film/substrate absorptance. Furthermore, the film absorptance is maximum at some optimal value of film thickness. Assuming the film to be a smooth, continuous slab with a refractive index equal to that of the bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O is verified, at least in the normal state and for films as thin as 35 nm, by room-temperature reflectance and transmittance measurements

Dielectric properties of (CuO,CaO2, and BaO)y/CuTl-1223 composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mumtaz, M.; Kamran, M.; Nadeem, K.; Jabbar, Abdul; Khan, Nawazish A.; Saleem, Abida; Hussain, S.Tajammul; Kamran, M.

2013-01-01

We synthesized (CuO, CaO 2 , and BaO) y /Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10-δ (y = 0, 5%, 10%, 15%) composites by solid-state reaction and characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dc-resistivity, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric properties such as real and imaginary part of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ac-conductivity of these composites are studied by capacitance and conductance measurement as a function of frequency (10 kHz to 10 MHz) and temperature (78 to 300 K). The x-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the characteristic behavior of Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10-δ superconductor phase and its structure is nearly undisturbed by doping of nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy images show the improvement in the intergranular links among the superconducting grains with increasing nanoparticles concentration. Microcracks are healed up with the inclusion of these nanoparticles and superconducting volume fraction is also increased. The dielectric properties of these composites strongly depend upon the frequency and temperature. The zero resistivity critical temperature and dielectric properties show opposite trend with the addition of nanoparticles in Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10-δ superconductor matrix.

Physics and Materials Science of High Temperature Superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

1989-08-26

30 M. Nikolo: Effect of Texture and Density on Grain Coupling of Sintered Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductors 11:30 - 12:00 A. SzAsz : The Symmetries and High...The Hall coefficient is always positive and obeys the RH (x T- 1 law . The I Hall mobility p2-I2 < I cm2/V.S. At T < Tc, the thermoelectric power equals...461561 80-6550 Prof. A. Szasz PP Dr. Martin Schwarz PP Eotvos University Angewandte Physik Muzeum Krt. 6-8 Hoechst AG H-1088 Budapest Hungary Gebaeude

Ceramic superconductors II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan, M.F.

1988-01-01

This volume compiles papers on ceramic superconductors. Topics include: structural patterns in High-Tc superconductors, phase equilibria of barium oxide superconductors, localized electrons in tetragonal YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-δ/, lattice and defect structure and properties of rare earth/alkaline earth-copper-oxide superconductors, alternate candidates for High-Tc superconductors, perovskite-structure superconductors; superconductive thin film fabrication, and superconductor/polymer composites

Synthesis, structural characterization and fluctuation conductivity of HoBa2Cu3O7-δ-SrTiO3 composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uribe Laverde, M.A.; Landinez Tellez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J.

2010-01-01

Single-phase polycrystalline samples of HoBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ superconductor and SrTiO 3 isolator were produced by means of the solid state reaction technique. After structural characterization of both materials, superconductor-isolator composites were produced with nominal isolator volume percentages between 0% and 10%. Resistivity measurements for the composites and the HoBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ sample with different currents evidenced a superconducting transition with critical temperature T C = 92 K, with wider transitions with increasing either isolator content or measurement current. Fluctuation conductivity analyses were carried out to obtain the exponents characterizing the conductivity divergence. Above T C , apart from the typical Gaussian and critical fluctuations an atypical regime with critical exponent about 0.14 is observed as a precursor of the transition. Below T C , it is observed that the coherence transition characteristic exponent increases rapidly with increasing isolator percentage in the composites and does not show important changes when modifying the current in the pure superconductor sample.

Photonic metasurface made of array of lens-like SiGe Mie resonators formed on (100) Si substrate via dewetting

Science.gov (United States)

Poborchii, Vladimir; Shklyaev, Alexander; Bolotov, Leonid; Uchida, Noriyuki; Tada, Tetsuya; Utegulov, Zhandos N.

2017-12-01

Metasurfaces consisting of arrays of high-index Mie resonators concentrating/redirecting light are important for integrated optics, photodetectors, and solar cells. Herein, we report the optical properties of low-Ge-content SiGe lens-like Mie resonator island arrays fabricated via dewetting during Ge deposition on a Si(100) surface at approximately 900 °C. We observe enhancement of the Si interaction with light owing to the efficient island-induced light concentration in the submicron-depth Si layer, which is mediated by both near-field Mie resonance leaking into the substrate and far-field light focusing. Such metasurfaces can improve the Si photodetector and solar-cell performance.

μSR-investigation of high-Tc superconductors at the LNP JINR phasotron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bezhitadze, D.T.; Borovinskaya, I.P.; Burianek, J.

1989-01-01

High-T c superconductors La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 (x=0+0.25), Ho(Er)Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-y and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (the main phase 2212 with a small admixture of the 2223-phase) were investigated in the zero and 100+400 Oe transverse external magnetic fields in the temperature interval 4.2+300 K. The magnetic ordering for the La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 samples with x=0.00 and x=0.01 occurs below T N ∝250 K and T N ∝170 K respectively. A considerable increase in the distribution width of the magnetic field on the muon with an increase in the Sr-content indicates an enhancement of the Cu 2+ magnetic moment deviation from the magnetic ordering axis. The results of the analysis of the μSR spectra indicate the formation of the spin glass state in the La 1.93 Sr 0.07 CuO 4 sample. In contrast to the behaviour of the HoBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-y ceramic the magnetic ordering of the Er-atoms in the ErBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-y sample is not observed in the conparable temperature interval. Our data has also allowed the magnetic field penetration depth λ perpendicular (0) to be determined: 3200±70 A for La 1.9 Sr 0.1 CuO 4 , 2420±60 A for La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 , 2000±50 A for Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (phase 2212), 1600±50 A for ErBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-y . 20 refs.; 8 figs

Electronic structure and electron-phonon coupling in layered copper oxide superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pickett, W.E.; Cohen, R.E.; Krakauer, H.

1991-01-01

Experimental data on the layered Cu-O superconductors seem more and more to reflect normal Fermi-liquid behavior and substantial correspondence with band structure predictions. Recent self-consistent, microscopic band theoretic calculations of the electronic structure, lattice instabilities, phonon frequencies, and electron-phonon coupling characteristics and strength for La 2 CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 are reviewed. A dominant feature of the coupling is a novel Madelung-like contribution which would be screened out in high density of states superconductors but survives in cuprates because of weak screening. Local density functional theory correctly predicts the instability of (La, Ba) 2 CuO 4 to both the low-temperature orthorhombic phase (below room temperature) and the lower-temperature tetragonal phase (below 50 K). (orig.)

Thermochemical investigations into the system Y-Ba-Cu-O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neuschuetz, D.; Zimmermann, E.; Hack, K.; Boudene, A.; Mohammad, A.

1992-01-01

For a consistent thermodynamic description of the quaternary system Y-Ba-Cu-O, the binary and ternary subsystems must be known. The metallic binaries and the ternary system Y-Ba-Cu have been evaluated by the authors. Discrepancies within the Cu-O system made a thorough experimental re-investigation necessary, leading to a new consistent thermodynamic data set for copper-oxygen which can now serve as a basis for the description of phase equilibria of all high temperature superconductors. Extensive experimental work on the ternaries Y-Cu-O and Ba-Cu-O, which are oxygen partial pressure dependent, revealed liquid phases down to 790degC. The ternary Y-Ba-O could be described more easily on the basis of literature values and present experimental results, because it does not contain any liquid phases at relevant temperatures. The representation of the quaternary Y-Ba-Cu-O is complicated both by its dependence on the oxygen potential and the existence of liquid oxide phases. In contrast to common practice, the present investigations had to start from Cu-free Ba-Y-O in order to avoid unknown liquid phases in the experiments. The present results being insufficient for a complete description of the quaternary system, the work is being continued within an EC joint research project. (orig.) With 84 refs., 8 tabs., 47 figs [de

24 CFR 100.75 - Discriminatory advertisements, statements and notices.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Discriminatory advertisements, statements and notices. 100.75 Section 100.75 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT FAIR HOUSING DISCRIMINATOR...

24 CFR 266.100 - Qualified housing finance agency (HFA).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Qualified housing finance agency (HFA). 266.100 Section 266.100 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE...

Temperature dependence of positron lifetime in the two-mixed-phase Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, D.M.; Tang, C.Q.; Gen, T.; Li, G.Y.

1993-01-01

As compared with the YBaCuO(123) system, the studies of positron annihilation performed for other cuprate superconductors, specifically for the BiSrCaCuO and TlBaCa.CuO systems, are very few. Thus further study of positron annihilation in BiSrCaCuO and TlBaCaCuO systems is necessary. In this note, we report the results of the temperature dependence of positron lifetime parameters in the two-mixed-phase system BiSrCaCuO and discuss the results. (orig.)

Interplay between magnetic quantum criticality, Fermi surface and unconventional superconductivity in UCoGe, URhGe and URu2Si2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bastien, Gael

2017-01-01

This thesis is concentrated on the ferromagnetic superconductors UCoGe and URhGe and on the hidden order state in URu 2 Si 2 . In the first part the pressure temperature phase diagram of UCoGe was studied up to 10.5 GPa. Ferromagnetism vanishes at the critical pressure pc≅1 GPa. Unconventional superconductivity and non Fermi liquid behavior can be observed in a broad pressure range around pc. The superconducting upper critical field properties were explained by the suppression of the magnetic fluctuations under field. In the second part the Fermi surfaces of UCoGe and URhGe were investigated by quantum oscillations. In UCoGe four Fermi surface pockets were observed. Under magnetic field successive Lifshitz transitions of the Fermi surface have been detected. The observed Fermi surface pockets in UCoGe evolve smoothly with pressure up to 2.5 GPa and do not show any Fermi surface reconstruction at the critical pressure pc. In URhGe, three heavy Fermi surface pockets were detected by quantum oscillations. In the last part the quantum oscillation study in the hidden order state of URu 2 Si 2 shows a strong g factor anisotropy for two Fermi surface pockets, which is compared to the macroscopic g factor anisotropy extracted from the upper critical field study. (author) [fr

X-ray photoemission studies of Zn doped Cu1-xTl xBa2Ca2Cu 3-yZn yO10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Nawazish A.; Mumtaz, M.; Ahadian, M.M.; Iraji-zad, Azam

2007-01-01

The X-ray photoemission (XPS) measurements of Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3-y Zn y O 10-δ (y = 0, 2.65) superconductors have been performed and compared. These studies revealed that the charge state of thallium in the Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 O 4-δ charge reservoir layer in Zn doped samples is Tl 1+ , while it is a mix of Tl 1+ and Tl 2+ in Zn free samples. The binding energy of Ba atoms in the Zn doped samples is shifted to higher energy, which when considered along with the presence of Tl 1+ suggested that it more efficiently directed the carriers to ZnO 2 and CuO 2 planes. The evidence of improved inter-plane coupling witnessed in X-ray diffraction is also confirmed by XPS measurements of Ca atoms in the Zn doped samples. The shift of the valance band spectrum in these Zn doped samples to higher energies suggested that the electrons at the top edge of the valance band were tied to a higher binding energy (relative to samples without Zn doping), which most likely resulted in a much lower energy state of the system in the superconducting state. The stronger superconducting state arising out of these effects is witnessed in the form of increased T c (R 0), J c and the extent of diamagnetism in the final compound

The superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lad, J.K.

1979-01-01

Techniques for fabrication of a few important superconductors like Nb, Ti and Nb 3 Sn are described. Copper or bronze or both can be used as a matrix in the superconductor. Current densities obtained for different ratios of copper to superconductor are studied. The specifications of multi-filament Nb 3 Sn superconductors are given. The relative merits of the two superconductors are discussed. The temperature range obtained is approximately 3 0 K and a magnetic field of 9T(tesla) can be achieved. (A.K.)

Properties of Y Ba2 Cu3 O7-x-Ag prepared by the citrate technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonseca, Fabio Coral

1996-01-01

Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-x (Y123) ceramic superconductor and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x- Ag composite superconductors have been prepared by the citrate technique. Microstructural analysis has been done by X-ray diffractometry and optical ceramography. The superconducting behavior has been studied by 4 probe dc electrical resistivity in the 77 K - 140 K temperature range. Silver percolation in the ceramic matrix was studied by electrical resistivity measurements at room temperature; the percolation threshold was found to be approximately 25 vol. % (35.5 wt. %) Ag. Specimens with silver addition showed improvement in the flexural strength of the Y123 compound. The main results show that the critical temperatures does not depend on the silver content in the composite specimens, the normal state electrical behavior of the superconductor is affected by silver addition and approximately 3 wt. % (1.8 vol. %) Ag doping yields and optimized composite superconductor from the electrical, mechanical and microstructural pont of view, with platelet-like grain shapes. (author)

Structure, stoichiometry and spectroscopy of oxide superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Rao, C. N. R.

In the new oxide superconductors, structure and oxygen stoichiometry play the most crucial role. Thus, all the high-temperature oxide superconductors are orthorhombic perovskites with low-dimensional features. Oxygen stoichiometry in YBa2Cu3O7-δ has an important bearing on the structure as well as superconductivity. This is equally true in the La3-xBa3+xCu 6O14+δ system of which only the 123 oxide (x = 1) with the orthorhombic structure shows high Tc. Orthorhombicity though not essential, is generally found ; it is necessary for the formation of twins. The nature of oxygen and copper in the cuprates has been examined by electron spectroscopy. Copper in these cuprates is only in 1 + and 2 + states. It seems likely that oxygen holes are responsible for superconductivity of the cuprates as well as Ba(Bi, Pb)O3. High Tc superconductivity is also found in oxides of the Bi-(Ca, Sr)-Cu-O and related oxides possessing Cu-O sheets. Dans les nouveaux oxydes supraconducteurs, la structure et la stoechiométrie de l'oxygène jouent un rôle absolument crucial. Ainsi, tous les oxydes supraconducteurs à haute température critique sont des pérovskites orthorhombiques possédant des propriétés de basse dimensionnalité. La stoechiométrie de l'oxygène dans YBa2Cu3O7- δ a une influence importante tant sur la structure que sur la supraconductibilité. Ceci est également valable pour les composés du type La3 -xBa3 + xCu 6O14 + δ parmi lesquels seul l'oxyde 123 (x = 1) à structure orthorhombique présente un grand T. Bien que ce ne soit pas essentiel, cette orthorhombicité est fréquente ; elle est nécessaire à la formation de macles. La nature de l'oxygène et du cuivre a été observée par spectroscopie électronique... Dans ces cuprates, le cuivre est dans les seuls états de valence + 1 et + 2. Vraisemblablement, les trous logés sur l'oxygène sont responsables de la supraconductibilité des cuprates comme de Ba(Bi, Pb)O3. La supraconductibilité existe aussi

Molecular simulations and density functional theory calculations of bromine in clathrate hydrate phases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dureckova, Hana, E-mail: houci059@uottawa.ca; Woo, Tom K., E-mail: tom.woo@uottawa.ca [Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5N6 (Canada); Alavi, Saman, E-mail: saman.alavi@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca [Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5N6 (Canada); National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 (Canada); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 (Canada)

2016-01-28

Bromine forms a tetragonal clathrate hydrate structure (TS-I) very rarely observed in clathrate hydrates of other guest substances. The detailed structure, energetics, and dynamics of Br{sub 2} and Cl{sub 2} in TS-I and cubic structure I (CS-I) clathrate hydrates are studied in this work using molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations. X-ray diffraction studies show that the halogen-water–oxygen distances in the cages of these structures are shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of halogen and oxygen atoms. This suggests that the stabilizing effects of halogen bonding or other non-covalent interactions (NCIs) may contribute to the formation of the unique tetragonal bromine hydrate structure. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of Br{sub 2} and Cl{sub 2} clathrate hydrates using our previously developed five-site charge models for the dihalogen molecules [Dureckova et al. Can. J. Chem. 93, 864 (2015)] which reproduce the computed electrostatic potentials of the dihalogens and account for the electropositive σ-hole of the halogen bond donor (the dihalogen). Analysis of the radial distribution functions, enthalpies of encapsulation, velocity and orientation autocorrelation functions, and polar angle distributions are carried out for Br{sub 2} and Cl{sub 2} guests in various cages to contrast the properties of these guests in the TS-I and CS-I phases. Quantum chemical partial geometry optimizations of Br{sub 2} and Cl{sub 2} guests in the hydrate cages using the M06-2X functional give short halogen-water distances compatible with values observed in X-ray diffraction experiments. NCI plots of guest-cage structures are generated to qualitatively show the relative strength of the non-bonding interactions between dihalogens and water molecules. The differences between behaviors of Br{sub 2} and Cl{sub 2} guests in the hydrate cages may explain why bromine forms the unique TS-I phase.

Fracture analysis of a central crack in a long cylindrical superconductor with exponential model

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yu Feng; Xu, Chi

2018-05-01

The fracture behavior of a long cylindrical superconductor is investigated by modeling a central crack that is induced by electromagnetic force. Based on the exponential model, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) with the dimensionless parameter p and the length of the crack a/R for the zero-field cooling (ZFC) and field-cooling (FC) processes are numerically simulated using the finite element method (FEM) and assuming a persistent current flow. As the applied field Ba decreases, the dependence of p and a/R on the SIFs in the ZFC process is exactly opposite to that observed in the FC process. Numerical results indicate that the exponential model exhibits different characteristics for the trend of the SIFs from the results obtained using the Bean and Kim models. This implies that the crack length and the trapped field have significant effects on the fracture behavior of bulk superconductors. The obtained results are useful for understanding the critical-state model of high-temperature superconductors in crack problem.

Weak interactions between water and clathrate-forming gases at low pressures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thurmer, Konrad; Yuan, Chunqing; Kimmel, Gregory A.; Kay, Bruce D.; Smith, R. Scott

2015-11-01

Using scanning probe microscopy and temperature programed desorption we examined the interaction between water and two common clathrate-forming gases, methane and isobutane, at low temperature and low pressure. Water co-deposited with up to 10-1 mbar methane or 10-5 mbar isobutane at 140 K onto a Pt(111) substrate yielded pure crystalline ice, i.e., the exposure to up to ~107 gas molecules for each deposited water molecule did not have any detectable effect on the growing films. Exposing metastable, less than 2 molecular layers thick, water films to 10-5 mbar methane does not alter their morphology, suggesting that the presence of the Pt(111) surface is not a strong driver for hydrate formation. This weak water-gas interaction at low pressures is supported by our thermal desorption measurements from amorphous solid water and crystalline ice where 1 ML of methane desorbs near ~43 K and isobutane desorbs near ~100 K. Similar desorption temperatures were observed for desorption from amorphous solid water.

Motion of Br2 molecules in clathrate cages. A computational study of the dynamic effects on its spectroscopic behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Bernal-Uruchurtu, M I; Janda, Kenneth C; Hernández-Lamoneda, R

2015-01-22

This work looks into the spectroscopic behavior of bromine molecules trapped in clathrate cages combining different methodologies. We developed a semiempirical quantum mechanical model to incorporate through molecular dynamics trajectories, the effect movement of bromine molecules in clathrate cages has on its absorption spectra. A simple electrostatic model simulating the cage environment around bromine predicts a blue shift in the spectra, in good agreement with the experimental evidence.

Collective-pinning properties of superconducting a-NbxGe and a-MoxSi films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woerdenweber, R.

1987-01-01

This thesis describes a study of superconducting flux pinning in amorphous NbGe and MoSi films of various compositions and thickness. Amorphous NbGe and MoSi alloys belong to the weak-coupling type-II superconductors in the extreme dirty limit. This feature enables to determine several important superconducting parameters from well-known theoretical expressions. It is also responsible for the weak pinning, which is necessary to observe the two-dimensional collective pinning properties according to the Larkin-Ovchinnikov theory. (Auth.)

Electron microscopic observation at low temperature on superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yokota, Yasuhiro; Hashimoto, Hatsujiro; Yoshida, Hiroyuki.

1991-01-01

The authors have observed superconducting materials with a high resolution electron microscope at liquid helium temperature. First, observation was carried out on Nb system intermetallic compounds such as Nb 3 Al and Nb 3 Sn of Al 5 type and Nb 3 Ge of 11 type at extremely low temperature. Next, the observation of high temperature superconductive ceramics in the state of superconductivity was attempted. In this paper, first the development of the liquid helium sample holder for a 400 kV electron microscope to realize the observation is reported. Besides, the sample holder of Gatan Co. and an extremely low temperature, high resolution electron microscope with a superconducting lens are described. The purpose of carrying out the electron microscope observation of superconductors at low temperature is the direct observation of the crystalline lattice image in the state of superconductivity. Also the structural transformation from tetragonal crystals to rhombic crystals in Al 5 type superconductors can be observed. The results of observation are reported. (K.I.)

FTIR spectroscopic study on the Hofmann -Td- type clathrates: Ni(benzoic acid)2M(CN)4.aniline (M=Zn, Cd, Hg)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kesan, G.; Kartal, Z.

2010-01-01

The Hofmann-Td-type clathrates formulated as Ni(L) 2 M(CN) 4 .nG where L is a bidentate or a pair of unidentate ligand molecule, M is Zn, Cd or Hg, G is a guest molecule and n is the number of guest molecule. The host lattice of the Hofmann-Td-type clathrates is formed from endless chains of -Ni-L-L-Ni-L-L-Ni- and M(CN) 4 ions arranged between the consecutive crossing -Ni-L-L-Ni-L-L-Ni- chains with the O-ends bound to the Ni metal atoms. These polymeric layers are held in parallel by Van der Walls interaction between ligand molecules. This structure provides α-type cavity. In this study, Ni(Benzoic Acid ) 2M(CN) 4 .Aniline (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) is obtained for the first time by means of chemical methods in powder form and their infrared spectra are reported in range of (4000-400) cm - 1. The spectral data suggest that the new clathrates are similar in structure to the Hofmann-type clathrates.

Experimental study of the plasma fluorination of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films

CERN Document Server

Li Qi; Ji Zheng Ming; Feng Yi Jun; Kang Lin; Yang Sen Zu; Wu Pei Heng; Wang Xiao Shu; Ye Yuda

2002-01-01

The authors have experimentally studied the surface modifications of Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) thin films using CF sub 4 plasma. The intensity of the plasma fluorination was controlled by changing the biasing voltage and the time of the plasma treatment. Microstructural analyses reveal that the oxygen content of the YBCO thin films was changed. Transport measurements of sufficient fluorinated YBCO films imply that the films changed totally into an oxygen-deficient semi-conducting state. From these experimental results, the authors believe that plasma fluorination is quite a useful method to form controllable a thin barrier layer in fabricating interface engineered junctions and to form a stable narrow weak-link region in fabricating planar superconductor-normal-superconductor junctions

DT fusion neutron irradiation of BNL--LASL superconductor wires, LASL YAG, Al2O3 and Spinel, LASL-IIT MgO, YAG, Al2O3 and Spinel, and NRL GeO2 crystals, December 28, 1977

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MacLean, S.C.

1978-01-01

The DT fusion neutron irradiation of eleven BNL-LAST superconductor wires, six NRL GeO 2 crystals, two YAG, two Spinel and two Al 2 O 3 crystals for LASL and four LASL high purity single crystals of MgO, YAG, Spinel and Al 2 O 3 is described. The sample position, beam-on time, and neutron dose record are given. The maximum fluence on any sample was 1.51 x 10 16 neutrons/cm 2

Structural and thermoelectric properties of the type-I Sn clathrates Cs8Sn46−n(n=0,2) from Density Functional Theory (DFT)

KAUST Repository

Egbele, Peter O.; Shoko, Elvis; Joubert, Daniel P.

2018-01-01

Sn clathrates are promising phonon glass, electron crystal materials (PGEC), in which the phonon free paths are short and the electron free paths are long. We analysed the relaxed structure of Sn clathrates using four different Density Funtional

Low-loss Z-type hexaferrite (Ba3Co2Fe24O41) for GHz antenna applications

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Woncheol; Hong, Yang-Ki; Park, Jihoon; LaRochelle, Gatlin; Lee, Jaejin

2016-09-01

We report a low magnetic loss Ba3Co2Fe24O41 (Co2Z) hexaferrite for use in gigahertz (GHz) antennas. Acid-etching was very effective in removal of unwanted Y-type hexaferrite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22) from calcined Co2Z powder. It is found that the calcined and acid etched (AE) Co2Z hexaferrite shows a low magnetic loss tangent (tan δμ) of 0.012 and 0.037 at 1 and 2 GHz, respectively. These low tan δμ are attributed to removal of Y-type hexaferrite, which possesses a lower anisotropy field (Hk) than W-type hexaferrite (BaCo2Fe16O27). The figure of merit (FOM) of the AE Co2Z hexaferrite is 141.7 and 48.7 at 1 and 2 GHz, respectively. These FOM are much higher than the FOM of previously reported low-loss magnetic materials. Therefore, the AE Co2Z hexaferrite can be a good candidate for GHz antenna application in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band.

Stress analysis in high-temperature superconductors under pulsed field magnetization

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Haowei; Yong, Huadong; Zhou, Youhe

2018-04-01

Bulk high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) have a high critical current density and can trap a large magnetic field. When bulk superconductors are magnetized by the pulsed field magnetization (PFM) technique, they are also subjected to a large electromagnetic stress, and the resulting thermal stress may cause cracking of the superconductor due to the brittle nature of the sample. In this paper, based on the H-formulation and the law of heat transfer, we can obtain the distributions of electromagnetic field and temperature, which are in qualitative agreement with experiment. After that, based on the dynamic equilibrium equations, the mechanical response of the bulk superconductor is determined. During the PFM process, the change in temperature has a dramatic effect on the radial and hoop stresses, and the maximum radial and hoop stress are 24.2 {{MPa}} and 22.6 {{MPa}}, respectively. The mechanical responses of a superconductor for different cases are also studied, such as the peak value of the applied field and the size of bulk superconductors. Finally, the stresses are also presented for different magnetization methods.

Ge/Si (100) heterojunction photodiodes fabricated from material grown by low-energy plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osmond, Johann; Isella, Giovanni; Chrastina, Daniel; Kaufmann, Rolf; Kaenel, Hans von

2008-01-01

We have fabricated a series of p-i-n Ge/Si heterojunction photodetectors with different thicknesses of the intrinsic Ge layer, different doping levels of the p and n layers and different diode diameters. Epitaxial Ge was deposited on Si(100) using low-energy plasma-enhanced CVD (LEPECVD) followed by cyclic annealing. Dark current values as low as 0.04 mA/cm 2 were achieved for 1 μm thick p-i-n photodiodes on lightly doped substrates at - 1 V bias, and external quantum efficiencies of 56% at 1.30 μm and 44% at 1.55 μm for 3 μm thick p + -i-n + photodiodes on highly doped substrates under 0.5 V reverse bias. For a 30 μm diameter diode a RC frequency of 21 GHz is obtained at a reverse bias of 1 V. With such characteristics, these diodes are attractive for telecommunication and optoelectronic applications

The elastic scattering of K-mesons on the 4He nucleus in the complex momenta theory for the energy region (20-100) GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grigoryan, L.A.; Shakhbazyan, V.A.

1976-01-01

Determined are differential cross sections for K meson elastic scattering on a 4 He nucleus for the energies of an incident particle equal to 30 and 50 GeV, the total cross section in the range from 10 to 10 3 GeV and the di(GeV/c) 2 versus energy in the range 10-100 GeV. The calculation is carried out with the eikonal and quasieikonal models of the complex moment theory. The effects of inelastic screening are shown to be very essential

Occurrence of human-associated Bacteroidetes genetic source tracking markers in raw and treated wastewater of municipal and domestic origin and comparison to standard and alternative indicators of faecal pollution

Science.gov (United States)

Mayer, R.E.; Bofill-Mas, S.; Egle, L.; Reischer, G.H.; Schade, M.; Fernandez-Cassi, X.; Fuchs, W.; Mach, R.L.; Lindner, G.; Kirschner, A.; Gaisbauer, M.; Piringer, H.; Blaschke, A.P.; Girones, R.; Zessner, M.; Sommer, R.; Farnleitner, A.H.

2016-01-01

This was a detailed investigation of the seasonal occurrence, dynamics, removal and resistance of human-associated genetic Bacteroidetes faecal markers (GeBaM) compared with ISO-based standard faecal indicator bacteria (SFIB), human-specific viral faecal markers and one human-associated Bacteroidetes phage in raw and treated wastewater of municipal and domestic origin. Characteristics of the selected activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from Austria and Germany were studied in detail (WWTPs, n = 13, connected populations from 3 to 49000 individuals), supported by volume-proportional automated 24-h sampling and chemical water quality analysis. GeBaM were consistently detected in high concentrations in raw (median log10 8.6 marker equivalents (ME) 100 ml−1) and biologically treated wastewater samples (median log10 6.2–6.5 ME 100 ml−1), irrespective of plant size, type and time of the season (n = 53–65). GeBaM, Escherichia coli, and enterococci concentrations revealed the same range of statistical variability for raw (multiplicative standard deviations s* = 2.3–3.0) and treated wastewater (s* = 3.7–4.5), with increased variability after treatment. Clostridium perfringens spores revealed the lowest variability for raw wastewater (s* = 1.5). In raw wastewater correlations among microbiological parameters were only detectable between GeBaM, C. perfringens and JC polyomaviruses. Statistical associations amongst microbial parameters increased during wastewater treatment. Two plants with advanced treatment were also investigated, revealing a minimum log10 5.0 (10th percentile) reduction of GeBaM in the activated sludge membrane bioreactor, but no reduction of the genetic markers during UV irradiation (254 nm). This study highlights the potential of human-associated GeBaM to complement wastewater impact monitoring based on the determination of SFIB. In addition, human-specific JC polyomaviruses and adenoviruses seem to be a valuable support if

Epitaxial growth of Fe-based superconductor thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, Sven; Haenisch, Jens; Holzapfel, Bernhard [Institut fuer Technische Physik, Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)

2016-07-01

The Fe-based superconductors (FBS), discovered in 2008, are not only interesting for possible applications due to their large upper critical fields and low anisotropies, but also for basic understanding of unconventional superconductivity. With their properties, they constitute a link between the classic low-T{sub c} superconductors (low anisotropies, low thermal fluctuations, s-wave type symmetry) and the oxocuprates (T{sub c} up to 55 K, large H{sub c2}, unconventional pairing). Their multi-band nature reminds of MgB{sub 2}. We prepare thin films of FBS in the so called 122 family, namely Co- and P-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} to investigate application relevant properties, such as critical current density J{sub c}, by pulsed laser deposition using a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser (λ = 355 nm). Microstructure and chemical composition will be investigated by XRD, AFM and SEM, and electrical transport using a 14 T PPMS. The results are compared to literature data on films grown at different wavelengths.

Electrical characteristics of thermal CVD B-doped Si films on highly strained Si epitaxially grown on Ge(100) by plasma CVD without substrate heating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugawara, Katsutoshi; Sakuraba, Masao; Murota, Junichi

2010-01-01

Using an 84% relaxed Ge(100) buffer layer formed on Si(100) by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD), influence of strain upon electrical characteristics of B-doped Si film epitaxially grown on the Ge buffer have been investigated. For the thinner B-doped Si film, surface strain amount is larger than that of the thicker film, for example, strain amount reaches 2.0% for the thickness of 2.2 nm. It is found that the hole mobility is enhanced by the introduction of strain to Si, and the maximum enhancement of about 3 is obtained. This value is higher than that of the usually reported mobility enhancement by strain using Si 1 -x Ge x buffer. Therefore, introduction of strain using relaxed Ge film formed by ECR plasma enhanced CVD is useful to improve future Si-based device performance.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 2. Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 2/W/sub 3/vacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ - a novel hexagonal perovskite (24 L-type)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Chemie

1978-07-01

The yellow Ba/sub 8/Re/sub 2/W/sub 3/vacant/sub 3/O/sub 24/ crystallizes in a rhombohedral layer structure of 24 L-type with a = 5.81/sub 3/ A; c = 55.52/sub 5/ A for the unit cell in trigonal setting and 3 formula units in the cell (rhosub(gef.) = 7.2/sub 6/ g/cm/sup 3/; rhosub(ber.) = 7.37/sub 8/ g/cm/sup 3/).

Briefing on superconductor developments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larbalestier, D.

1987-01-01

In this paper, the author covers the technology of the new oxide superconductors and how they might relate to the existing superconductors. He discusses old-fashioned superconductors; the material science of superconductors; the new oxide superconductors; and the future of oxide superconductors. 13 figures, 1 table

Antiferroic electronic structure in the nonmagnetic superconducting state of the iron-based superconductors.

Science.gov (United States)

Shimojima, Takahiro; Malaeb, Walid; Nakamura, Asuka; Kondo, Takeshi; Kihou, Kunihiro; Lee, Chul-Ho; Iyo, Akira; Eisaki, Hiroshi; Ishida, Shigeyuki; Nakajima, Masamichi; Uchida, Shin-Ichi; Ohgushi, Kenya; Ishizaka, Kyoko; Shin, Shik

2017-08-01

A major problem in the field of high-transition temperature ( T c ) superconductivity is the identification of the electronic instabilities near superconductivity. It is known that the iron-based superconductors exhibit antiferromagnetic order, which competes with the superconductivity. However, in the nonmagnetic state, there are many aspects of the electronic instabilities that remain unclarified, as represented by the orbital instability and several in-plane anisotropic physical properties. We report a new aspect of the electronic state of the optimally doped iron-based superconductors by using high-energy resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We find spectral evidence for the folded electronic structure suggestive of an antiferroic electronic instability, coexisting with the superconductivity in the nonmagnetic state of Ba 1- x K x Fe 2 As 2 . We further establish a phase diagram showing that the antiferroic electronic structure persists in a large portion of the nonmagnetic phase covering the superconducting dome. These results motivate consideration of a key unknown electronic instability, which is necessary for the achievement of high- T c superconductivity in the iron-based superconductors.

Investigation of thin films, heterostructures and devices of ceramic superconductors by means of high-resolution electron microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jia Chunlin.

1993-08-01

In this thesis a systematic study of the microstructure of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin films is presented by means of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Most of the efforts are focused on the characterization of heterostructures of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and non-superconducting PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and on YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 films deposited on step-edge substrates. These specially designed structures exhibit a great potential for the electronic application of high-Tc superconductors and for the investigation of the basic electric properties of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 superconductor. (orig.) [de

Computational characterization of 13C NMR lineshapes of carbon dioxide in structure 1 clathrate hydrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dornan, P.; Woo, T.K. [Ottawa Univ., ON (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry

2008-07-01

Nonspherical large cages in structure one clathrates impose non-uniform motion of nonspherical guest molecules and anisotropic lineshapes in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the guest. This paper presented a general method for calculating the chemical shift lineshape anisotropy of guest molecules in clathrate hydrate compounds from molecular dynamics simulations for the case of weak host, guest dipolar coupling. In order to calculate the cage chemical shielding tensors and the NMR lineshape produced by each guest molecule, the study involved the use of orientational distributions from molecular dynamics simulation along with time and powder angle averaging. The total predicted lineshape anisotropy was calculated from the superposition of the lineshapes of all guests. The approach was applied to calculate the temperature dependent 13C NMR lineshape anisotropy of carbon dioxide in structure 1 clathrates. The paper presented the computational methodology and results and discussion. It was concluded that the resulting lineshapes were in good agreement with the experimental 13C NMR spectrum at each temperature. The method provided a uniform procedure to calculate the lineshapes at different temperatures and no prior assumptions about the nature of the motion of the guest in cages was required. 37 refs., 2 tabs., 3 figs.

Crystal Structure Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Material BaFe12-xTix/2Znx/2O19Based

Science.gov (United States)

Delina, M.; Nenni, N.; Adi, W. A.

2018-04-01

The optimization of BaFe12-xTix/2Znx/2O19 (x=2.2; 2.4; 2.6; 2.8)single phase composition have been performed. The materials were synthesized by solid state reaction method through mechanical milling technique.The materials were made from the mixture of oxide materials, which are BaCO3, Fe2O3, TiO2 and ZnO. The mixture was milled for five hours using a High Energy Milling (HEM), was dried at 100°C in the Oven and then was sintered at 1000°C for five hours in the Furnace. The phase identification of BaFe12-xTix/2Znx/2O19 (x=2.2; 2.4; 2.6; 2.8) were carried out by using a Match Program while the crystal structure analysis were investigated by using a General Structure Analysis System (GSAS) program. The refinement results of x-ray diffraction pattern showed that the sample of x ≤ 2.4 have a BaFe12O19 single phase while the sample of x> 2.4 have two phases, which are BaFe12O19 and ZnFe2O4 phases. The surface morphology of sample and the element of sample were identified through an analysis of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data.

Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy on multi-layered cuprate superconductor Ba2Ca5Cu6O12 (O1-x Fx)2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugimoto, A.; Shohara, K.; Ekino, T.; Watanabe, Y.; Harada, Y.; Mikusu, S.; Tokiwa, K.; Watanabe, T.

2009-01-01

Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements on multi-layered cuprate superconductor Ba 2 Ca 5 Cu 6 O 12 (O 1-x F x ) 2 are carried out. STM topographies show randomly distributed bright spot structures with a typical spot size of ∼0.8 nm. These bright spots are occupied about 28% per one unit cell of c-plane, which is comparable to the regular amount of apical oxygen of 20% obtained from element analysis. Tunneling spectra simultaneously show both the small and the large gap structures. These gap sizes at 4.9 K are about Δ ∼15 meV and ∼90 meV, respectively. The small gap structure disappears at the temperature close to T C , while the large gap persists up to ∼200 K. Therefore, these features correspond to the superconducting gap and pseudogap, respectively. These facts give evidence for some ordered state with large energy scale even in the superconducting state. For the superconducting gap, the ratio of 2Δ/K B T C = 4.9 is obtained with T C = 70 K, which is determined from temperature dependence of the tunneling spectra.

Structural and thermoelectric properties of the type-I Sn clathrates Cs8Sn46−n(n=0,2) from Density Functional Theory (DFT)

KAUST Repository

Egbele, Peter O.

2018-02-08

Sn clathrates are promising phonon glass, electron crystal materials (PGEC), in which the phonon free paths are short and the electron free paths are long. We analysed the relaxed structure of Sn clathrates using four different Density Funtional Exchange-Correlation functionals. The phonon structures were investigated as a first step in order to determine the phonon contribution to the thermal conductivity. We determined the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of the clathrate compound and the thermoelectric figure of merit. A glimpse into the dynamics of the system for the evaluation of the thermoelectric and electronic properties is presented.

Synthesis, structural characterization and fluctuation conductivity of HoBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}-}SrTiO{sub 3} composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uribe Laverde, M.A., E-mail: mauribel@bt.unal.edu.c [Grupo de Fisica de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota (Colombia); Landinez Tellez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J. [Grupo de Fisica de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota (Colombia)

2010-12-15

Single-phase polycrystalline samples of HoBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} superconductor and SrTiO{sub 3} isolator were produced by means of the solid state reaction technique. After structural characterization of both materials, superconductor-isolator composites were produced with nominal isolator volume percentages between 0% and 10%. Resistivity measurements for the composites and the HoBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} sample with different currents evidenced a superconducting transition with critical temperature T{sub C} = 92 K, with wider transitions with increasing either isolator content or measurement current. Fluctuation conductivity analyses were carried out to obtain the exponents characterizing the conductivity divergence. Above T{sub C}, apart from the typical Gaussian and critical fluctuations an atypical regime with critical exponent about 0.14 is observed as a precursor of the transition. Below T{sub C}, it is observed that the coherence transition characteristic exponent increases rapidly with increasing isolator percentage in the composites and does not show important changes when modifying the current in the pure superconductor sample.

Snowball Earth termination by destabilization of equatorial permafrost methane clathrate.

Science.gov (United States)

Kennedy, Martin; Mrofka, David; von der Borch, Chris

2008-05-29

The start of the Ediacaran period is defined by one of the most severe climate change events recorded in Earth history--the recovery from the Marinoan 'snowball' ice age, approximately 635 Myr ago (ref. 1). Marinoan glacial-marine deposits occur at equatorial palaeolatitudes, and are sharply overlain by a thin interval of carbonate that preserves marine carbon and sulphur isotopic excursions of about -5 and +15 parts per thousand, respectively; these deposits are thought to record widespread oceanic carbonate precipitation during postglacial sea level rise. This abrupt transition records a climate system in profound disequilibrium and contrasts sharply with the cyclical stratigraphic signal imparted by the balanced feedbacks modulating Phanerozoic deglaciation. Hypotheses accounting for the abruptness of deglaciation include ice albedo feedback, deep-ocean out-gassing during post-glacial oceanic overturn or methane hydrate destabilization. Here we report the broadest range of oxygen isotope values yet measured in marine sediments (-25 per thousand to +12 per thousand) in methane seeps in Marinoan deglacial sediments underlying the cap carbonate. This range of values is likely to be the result of mixing between ice-sheet-derived meteoric waters and clathrate-derived fluids during the flushing and destabilization of a clathrate field by glacial meltwater. The equatorial palaeolatitude implies a highly volatile shelf permafrost pool that is an order of magnitude larger than that of the present day. A pool of this size could have provided a massive biogeochemical feedback capable of triggering deglaciation and accounting for the global postglacial marine carbon and sulphur isotopic excursions, abrupt unidirectional warming, cap carbonate deposition, and a marine oxygen crisis. Our findings suggest that methane released from low-latitude permafrost clathrates therefore acted as a trigger and/or strong positive feedback for deglaciation and warming. Methane hydrate

Interplay of magnetism and superconductivity in the compressed Fe-ladder compound ${\mathrm{<span\; class="hlt">Ba</span>Fe}}_2{\mathrm{Se}}_3$

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ying, Jianjun; Lei, Hechang; Petrovic, Cedomir; Xiao, Yuming; Struzhkin, Viktor V. (BNL); (CIW)

2017-06-01

High pressure resistance, susceptibility, and Fe K β x-ray emission spectroscopy measurements were performed on Fe-ladder compound BaFe 2 Se 3 . Pressure-induced superconductivity was observed which is similar to the previously reported superconductivity in the BaFe 2 S 3 samples. The slope of local magnetic moment versus pressure shows an anomaly across the insulator-metal transition pressure in the BaFe 2 Se 3 samples. The local magnetic moment is continuously decreasing with increasing pressure, and the superconductivity appears only when the local magnetic moment value is comparable to the one in the iron-pnictide superconductors. Our results indicate that the compressed BaFe 2 C h 3 ( C h = S , Se) is a new family of iron-based superconductors. Despite the crystal structures completely different from the known iron-based superconducting materials, the magnetism in this Fe-ladder material plays a critical role in superconductivity. This behavior is similar to the other members of iron-based superconducting materials.

Fabrication and properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O high Tc superconductor by upset-forging method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Ho Jung; Kang, Kae Myung; Song, Jin Tae

1990-01-01

YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x oxide superconductors was fabricated by sintering process and upset-forging method, respectively, and microstructures and conduction properties were compared. There was no difference in crystal structure the (001) x-ray reflection presumably due to preferred crystal orientation of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x superconductor. Furthermore, the grain size of the 123-phase increased as the reduction ratio became larger during the upset-forging. The critical temperature for zero resistivity of both samples was almost the same, i.e., about 90K. These results have demonstrated the potential of producing YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x superconducting wire or tape effectively using a upset-forging method. The critical current density of the upset-forged sample, however, was lower than that of the sintered one, which fact might be ascribed to microcrack formation during fast upset-forging. (Author)

Mechanochemical effects on high-Tc superconductor powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamada, Taichi; Nagai, Ryoji; Takeuchi, Manabu; Minehara, Eisuke.

1991-03-01

We have investigated the mechanochemical effects on high-Tc superconductor (YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -δ) powders. The powder was mechanically ground in air using an agate mortar with a pestle. The grinding time was varied from 2 to 100 min. The mean particle sizes of the powders were measured by a sedimentation method. The degradation of superconductivity was evaluated by the measurements of the crystallinity and volume fraction of the superconducting phase. The crystallinity was estimated from X-ray diffraction patterns. The volume fraction of the superconducting phase was estimated from the diamagnetization. The results of these changes of 2 min. and 100 min. grinding are respectively as follows; 1) mean particle size: 10.8 μm and 7.2 μm, 2) crystallinity: 40.0 % and 24.8 %, 3) volume fraction of superconducting phase: 91.5 % and 30.0 %. Recovery of the crystallinity and superconductivity of the ground specimens by re-sintering and re-annealing was also studied. It was found that the recovery of both of the characteristics was not complete. (author)